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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Principal Navigations, Voyages,
+Traffiques, and Discoveries of The English Nation, v. 7, by Richard Hakluyt
+#10 in our series by Richard Hakluyt
+
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+Title: The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques,
+       and Discoveries of The English Nation, v. 7
+       England's Naval Exploits Against Spain
+
+Author: Richard Hakluyt
+
+Release Date: October, 2005 [EBook #9148]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on September 8, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRINCIPAL NAVIGATIONS, V7 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Karl Hagen and the Online Distributed Proofing Team. This
+file was produced from images generously made available by the
+Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions.
+
+
+
+
+** Transcriber's Notes **
+
+The printed edition from which this e-text has been produced retains the
+spelling and abbreviations of Hakluyt's 16th-century original. In this
+version, the spelling has been retained, but the following manuscript
+abbreviations have been silently expanded:
+
+- vowels with macrons = vowel + 'n' or 'm'
+- q; = -que (in the Latin)
+- y[e] = the; y[t] = that; w[t] = with
+
+This edition contains footnotes and two types of sidenotes. Most footnotes
+are added by the editor. They follow modern (19th-century) spelling
+conventions. Those that don't are Hakluyt's (and are not always
+systematically marked as such by the editor). The sidenotes are Hakluyt's
+own. Summarizing sidenotes are labelled [Sidenote: ] and placed before the
+sentence to which they apply. Sidenotes that are keyed with a symbol are
+labeled [Marginal note: ] and placed at the point of the symbol, except in
+poetry, where they are placed at a convenient point. Additional notes on
+corrections, etc. are signed 'KTH'
+
+** End Transcriber's Notes **
+
+
+
+
+
+THE PRINCIPAL
+
+Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques,
+
+AND
+
+Discoveries
+
+of
+
+THE ENGLISH NATION.
+
+Collected by
+
+RICHARD HAKLUYT, Preacher.
+
+AND
+
+Edited by
+
+EDMUND GOLDSMID, F.R.H.S.
+
+VOL. VII.
+
+ENGLAND'S NAVAL EXPLOITS AGAINST SPAIN.
+
+
+
+
+ENGLAND'S NAVAL EXPLOITS AGAINST SPAIN
+
+A voyage to the Azores with two pinases, the one called the Serpent, and
+  the other the Mary Sparke of Plimouth, both of them belonging to Sir
+  Walter Raleigh, written by John Euesham Gentleman, wherein were taken the
+  gouernour, of the Isle of Sainct Michael, and Pedro Sarmiento gouernour
+  of the Straits of Magalanes, in the yeere 1586.
+
+[Sidenote: The gouernour of S. Michael taken prisoner.] The 10. of June
+1586. we departed from Plimouth with two Pinases, the one named the
+Serpent, of the burden of 35. Tunnes and the other the Mary Sparke of
+Plimouth of the burthen of 50. Tuns, both of them belonging to sir Walter
+Raleigh knight; and directing our course towards the coast of Spaine, and
+from thence towards the Isles of the Azores, we tooke a small barke laden
+with Sumacke and other commodities, wherein was the gouernour of S.
+Michaels Island, being a Portugal, having other Portugals and Spaniards
+with him. And from thence we sailed to the Island of Graciosa, to the
+Westward of the Island of Tercera, where we discried a saile, and bearing
+with her wee found her to be a Spaniard: But at the first not greatly
+respecting whom we tooke, so that we might haue enriched ourselves, which
+was the cause of this our trauaile, and for that we would not bee knowen of
+what nation we were, wee displayed a white silke ensigne in our maine
+toppe, which they seeing, made accompt that we had bene some of the king of
+Spaines Armadas, lying in wait for English men of war: but when we came
+within shot of her, we tooke downe our white flagge, and spread abroad the
+Crosse of S. George, which when they saw, it made them to flie as fast as
+they might, but all their haste was in vaine, for our shippes were swifter
+of saile then they, which they fearing, did presently cast their ordinance
+and small shot with many letters, and the draft of the Straights of Magelan
+into the Sea, [Sidenote: Pedro Sarmiento the governour of the Straights of
+Magellan taken prisoner.] and thereupon immediately we tooke her, wherein
+wee also tooke a gentleman of Spaine, named Pedro Sarmiento, gouernour of
+the Straights of Magelan, which said Pedro we brought into England with us,
+and presented him to our soueraigne Lady the Queene.
+
+[Sidenote: A ship laden with fish taken and released againe.] After this,
+lying off and about the Islands, wee descried another saile, and bearing
+after her, we spent the maine maste of our Admirall, but yet in the night
+our Viceadmirall tooke her, being laden with fish from Cape Blanke, the
+which shippe wee let goe againe for want of men to bring her home. The next
+day we descried two other sailes, the one a shippe and the other a Carauel,
+to whom we gaue chase, which they seeing, with all speede made in vnder the
+Isle of Graciosa, to a certaine Fort there for their succour, where they
+came to an anker, and hauing the winde of vs, we could not hurt them with
+our ships, but we hauing a small boate which we called a light horseman,
+wherein my selfe was, being a Musqueter, and foure more with Caliuers, and
+foure that rowed, came neere vnto the shore against the winde, which when
+they saw vs come towards them they carried a great part of their
+marchandize on land, whither also the men of both vessels went and landed,
+[Sidenote: One of the ships taken and sent away with 2. persons.] and as
+soon as we came within Musquet shot, they began to shoote at vs with great
+ordinance and small shot, and we likewise at them, and in the ende we
+boorded one wherein was no man left, so we cut her cables, hoysed her
+sailes, and sent her away with two of our men, [Sidenote: The Caravel is
+taken.] and the other 7. of vs passed more neere vnto the shoare, and
+boorded the Carauel, which did ride within a stones cast from the shoare,
+and so neere the land that the people did cast stones at vs, but yet in
+despight of them all we tooke her, and one onely Negro therein: and cutting
+her cables in the hawse, we hoysed her sailes and being becalmed vnder the
+land we were constrained to rowe her out with our boate, the Fort still
+shooting at vs, and the people on land with Musquets and caliuers, to the
+number of 150. or thereabout: and we answered them with the small force wee
+had; in the time of which our shooting, the shot of my Musquet being a
+crossebarre-shot happened to strike the gunner of the fort to death, euen
+as he was giuing leuell to one of his great pieces, and thus we parted from
+them without any losse or hurt on our side. [Sidenote: The prises sent
+home.] And now, hauing taken these fiue sailes of shippes, we did as
+before, turne away the shippe with the fish, without hurting them, and from
+one of the other shippes we tooke her maine Maste to serue our Admirals
+turne, and so sent her away putting into her all the Spaniards and
+Portugals (sauing that gentleman Pedro Sarmiento, with three other of the
+principal men and two Negroes) leauing them all within sight of land, with
+bread and water sufficient for 10. dayes if neede were.
+
+Thus setting our course for England, being off the Islands in the height of
+41 degrees, or there about, one of our men being in the toppe discried a
+saile, then 10. saile, then 15. whereupon it was concluded to sende home
+those prizes we had, and so left in both our Pinasses not aboue 60. men.
+[Sidenote: Two Carracks, 10. Gallions, 12. small ships.] Thus wee returned
+againe to the Fleete we had discried, where wee found 24. saile of shippes,
+whereof two of them were Caracks, the one of 1200. and the other of a 1000.
+tunnes, and 10. Gallions, the rest were small shippes and Carauels all
+laden with Treasure, spices, and sugars with which 24. shippes we with two
+small Pinasses did fight, and kept company the space of 32. houres,
+continually fighting with them and they with vs, but the two Caracks kept
+still betwixt the Fleete and vs, that wee could not take any one of them,
+so wanting powder, wee were forced to giue them ouer against our willes,
+for that wee were all wholly bent to the gaining of some of them, but
+necessitie compelling vs, and that onely for want of powder, without losse
+of any of our men, (which was a thing to be wondered at considering the
+inequalitie of number) at length we gaue them ouer. [Sidenote: The 2.
+pinasses returne for England.] Thus we againe set our course for England,
+and so came to Plimouth within 6. houres after our prizes, which we sent
+away 40. houres before vs, where wee were receiued with triumphant ioy, not
+onely with great Ordinance then shot off, but with the willing hearts of
+all the people of the Towne, and of the Countrey thereabout; and we not
+sparing our Ordinance (with the powder wee had left) to requite and answere
+them againe. And from thence wee brought our prizes to Southampton, where
+sir Walter Ralegh being our owner, rewarded vs with our shares.
+
+Our prizes were laden with sugars, Elephants teeth, waxe, hides, rice,
+brasill, and Cuser, as by the testimonie of Iohn Euesham himselfe, Captaine
+Whiddon, Thomas Rainford, Beniamin Wood, William Cooper Master, William
+Cornish Master, Thomas Drake Corporall, Iohn Ladd gunner, William Warefield
+gunner, Richard Moone, Iohn Drew, Richard Cooper of Harwich, William Beares
+of Ratcliffe, Iohn Row of Saltash, and many others, may appeare.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A briefe relation of the notable seruice performed by Sir Francis Drake
+  vpon the Spanish Fleete prepared in the Road of Cadiz: and of his
+  destroying of 100. saile of barks; Passing from thence all along the
+  coast to Cape Sacre, where also hee tooke certaine Forts: and so to the
+  mouth of the Riuer of Lisbon, and thence crossing ouer to the Isle of
+  Sant Michael, supprized a mighty Carack called the Sant Philip comming
+  out of the East India, which was the first of that kinde that euer was
+  seene in England: Performed in the yeere 1587.
+
+Her Maiestie being informed of a mightie preparation by Sea begunne in
+Spaine for the inuasion of England, by good aduise of her graue and prudent
+Counsell thought it expedient to preuent the same. Whereupon she caused a
+Fleete of some 30. sailes to be rigged and furnished with all things
+necessary. Ouer that Fleete she appointed Generall sir Francis Drake (of
+whose manifold former good seruices she had sufficient proofe) to whom she
+caused 4. ships of her Nauie royall to be deliuered, to wit, The
+Bonauenture wherein himselfe went as Generall; the Lion vnder the conduct
+of Master William Borough Controller of the Nauie; the Dread-nought vnder
+the command of M. Thomas Venner; and the Rainebow, captaine whereof was M.
+Henry Bellingham: vnto which 4 ships two of her pinasses were appointed as
+hand-maids. There were also added vnto this Fleet certaine tall ships of
+the Citie of London, of whose especiall good seruice the General made
+particular mention in his priuate Letters directed to her Maiestie. This
+Fleete set saile from the sound of Plimouth in the moneth of April towards
+the coast of Spaine.
+
+The 16. of the said moneth we mette in the latitude of 40. degrees with two
+ships of Middleborough, which came from Cadiz; by which we vnderstood that
+there was great store of warlike prouision at Cadiz and thereabout ready to
+come for Lisbon. Vpon this information our Generall with al speed possible,
+bending himselfe thither to cut off their said forces and prouisions, vpon
+the 19. of April entered with his Fleet into the Harbor of Cadiz: where at
+our first entring we were assailed ouer against the Towne by sixe Gallies,
+which notwithstanding in short time retired vnder their fortresse.
+
+There were in the Road 60. ships and diuers other small vessels vnder the
+fortresse: there fled about 20. French ships to Port Real, and some small
+Spanish vessels that might passe the sholdes. At our first comming in we
+sunke with our shot a ship of Raguza of a 1000. tunnes, furnished with 40.
+pieces of brasse and very richly laden. There came two Gallies more from S.
+Mary port, and two from Porto Reale, which shot freely at vs, but
+altogether in vaine: for they went away with the blowes well beaten for
+their paines.
+
+Before night we had taken 30. of the said ships, and became Masters of the
+Road, in despight of the Gallies, which were glad to retire them vnder the
+Fort: in the number of which ships there was one new ship of an
+extraordinary hugenesse in burthen aboue 1200. tunnes, belonging to the
+Marquesse of Santa Cruz being at that instant high Admirall of Spaine. Fiue
+of them were great ships of Biskay, whereof 4. we fired, as they were
+taking in the Kings prouision of victuals for the furnishing of his Fleet
+at Lisbon: the fift being a ship about 1000. tunnes in burthen, laden with
+Iron spikes, nailes, yron hoopes, horse-shooes, and other like necessaries
+bound for the West Indies we fired in like maner. Also we tooke a ship of
+250. tunnes laden with wines for the Kings prouision, which wee caried out
+to the Sea with vs, and there discharged the said wines for our owne store,
+and afterward set her on fire. Moreouer we tooke 3. Flyboats of 300. tunnes
+a piece laden with biscuit, whereof one was halfe vnladen by vs in the
+Harborow, and there fired, and the other two we tooke in our company to the
+Sea. Likewise there were fired by vs ten other ships which were laden with
+wine, raisins, figs, oiles, wheat, and such like. To conclude, the whole
+number of ships and barkes (as we suppose) then burnt, suncke, and brought
+away with vs, amounted to 30. at the least, being (in our iudgement) about
+10000. tunnes of shipping.
+
+There were in sight of vs at Porto Real about 40. ships, besides those that
+fled from Cadiz.
+
+We found little ease during our aboad there, by reason of their continuall
+shooting from the Gallies, the fortresses, and from the shoare: where
+continually at places conuenient they planted new ordinance to offend vs
+with: besides the inconuenience which wee suffered from their ships, which,
+when they could defend no longer, they set on fire to come among vs.
+Whereupon when the flood came wee were not a little troubled to defend vs
+from their terrible fire, which neuerthelesse was a pleasant sight for vs
+to beholde, because we were thereby eased of a great labour, which lay vpon
+vs day and night, in discharging the victuals, and other prouisions of the
+enemie. Thus by the assistance of the almightie, and the inuincible courage
+and industrie of our Generall, this strange and happy enterprize was
+atchieued in one day and two nights, to the great astonishment of the King
+of Spaine, which bread such a corrasiue in the heart of the Marques of
+Santa Cruz high Admiral of Spaine, that he neuer enioyed good day after,
+but within fewe moneths (as may iustly be supposed) died of extreame griefe
+and sorrow.
+
+Thus hauing performed this notable seruice, we came out of the Road of
+Cadiz on the Friday morning the 21. of the said moneth of April, with very
+small losse not worth the mentioning.
+
+After our departure ten of the Gallies that were in the Road came out, as
+it were in disdaine of vs, to make some pastime with their ordinance, at
+which time the wind skanted vpon vs, whereupon we cast about againe, and
+stood in with the shoare, and came to an anker within a league of the
+towne: where the said Gallies, for all their former bragging, at length
+suffred vs to ride quietly.
+
+We now haue had experience of Gally-fight: wherein I can assure you, that
+onely these 4. of her Maiesties ships will make no accompt of 20. Gallies,
+if they may be alone, and not busied to guard others. There were neuer
+Gallies that had better place and fitter opportunitie for their aduantage
+to fight with ships: but they were still forced to retire, wee riding in a
+narrow gut, the place yeelding no better, and driuen to maintaine the same,
+vntill wee had discharged and fired the shippes, which could not
+conueniently be done but vpon the flood, at which time they might driue
+cleare off vs. Thus being victualed with bread and wine at the enemies cost
+for diuers moneths (besides the prouisions that we brought from home) our
+Generall dispatched Captaine Crosse into England with his letters, giuing
+him further in charge to declare vnto her Maiestie all the particularities
+of this our first enterprize.
+
+After whose departure wee shaped our course toward Cape Sacre, and in the
+way thither wee tooke at seuerall times of ships, barkes, and Carauels well
+neere an hundred, laden with hoopes, gally-oares, pipe-staues, and other
+prouisions of the king of Spaine, for the furnishing of his forces intended
+against England, al which we burned, hauing dealt fauourably with the men
+and sent them on shoare. We also spoiled and consumed all the fisher-boats
+and nets thereabouts, to their great hinderance: and (as we suppose) to the
+vtter ouerthrow of the rich fishing of their Tunies for the same yere. At
+length we came to the aforesaid Cape Sacre, where we went on land; and the
+better to enioy the benefite of the place, and to ride in the harborow at
+our pleasure, we assailed the same castle, and three other strong holds,
+which we tooke some by force and some by surrender.
+
+Thence we came before the hauen of Lisbon ankering nere vnto Cascais, where
+the Marques, of Santa Cruz was with his Gallies, who seeing vs chase his
+ships a shoare, and take and cary away his barks and Carauels, was content
+to suffer vs there quietly to tary, and likewise to depart, and neuer
+charged vs with one canon-shot. And when our Generall sent him worde that
+hee was there ready to exchange certaine bullets with him, the marques
+refused his chalenge, sending him word, that he was not then ready for him,
+nor had any such Commission from his King.
+
+[Sidenote: The Carack called the Sanct Philip taken.] Our Generall thus
+refused by the Marques, and seeing no more good to be done in this place,
+thought it conuenient to spend no longer time vpon this coast: and
+therefore with consent of the chiefe of his Company he shaped his course
+toward the Isles of the Açores, and passing towards the Isle of Saint
+Michael, within 20. or 30. leagues thereof, it was his good fortune to
+meete with a Portugale Carak called Sant Philip, being the same shippe
+which in the voyage outward had carried the 3. Princes of Iapan, that were
+in Europe, into the Indies. This Carak without any great resistance he
+tooke, bestowing the people thereof in certaine vessels well furnished with
+victuals, and sending them courteously home into their Countrey: and this
+was the first Carak that euer was then comming foorth of the East Indies;
+which the Portugals tooke for an euil signe, because the ship bare the
+Kings owne name.
+
+The riches of this prize seemed so great vnto the whole Company (as in
+trueth it was) that they assured themselues euery man to haue a sufficient
+reward for his trauel: and thereupon they all resolued to returne home for
+England: which they happily did, and arriued in Plimouth the same Sommer
+with their whole Fleete and this rich booty, to their owne profite and due
+commendation, and to the great admiration of the whole kingdome.
+
+And here by the way it is to be noted, that the taking of this Carak
+wrought two extraordinary effects in England: first, that it taught others,
+that Caracks were no such bugs but that they might be taken (as since
+indeed it hath fallen out in the taking of the Madre de Dios, and fyreing
+and sinking of others) and secondly in acquainting the English Nation more
+generally with the particularities of the exceeding riches and wealth of
+the East Indies: whereby themselues and their neighbours of Holland haue
+bene incouraged, being men as skilfull in Nauigation and of no lesse
+courage then the Portugals to share with them in the East Indies: where
+their strength is nothing so great as heretofore hath bene supposed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A true discourse written (as is thought) by Colonel Antonie Winkfield
+  emploied in the voiage to Spaine and Portugall, 1589. sent to his
+  particular friend, and by him published for the better satisfaction of
+  all such as hauing bene seduced by particular report, haue entred into
+  conceits tending to the discredite of the enterprise and Actors of the
+  same.
+
+Although the desire of aduancing my reputation caused me to withstand the
+many perswasions you vsed to hold me at home, and the pursuite of honorable
+actions drew me (contrary to your expectation) to neglect that aduise,
+which in loue I know you gaue me: yet in respect of the many assurances you
+haue yeelded mee of your kindest friendship, I cannot suspect that you will
+either loue or esteeme me the lesse, at this my returne: and therefore I
+wil not omit any occasion which may make me appeare thankfull, or discharge
+any part of that duetie I owe you; which now is none other then to offer
+you a true discourse how these warres of Spaine and Portugall haue passed
+since our going out of England the 18 of Aprill, till our returne which was
+the first of Iuly. Wherein I wil (vnder your fauourable pardon) for your
+further satisfaction, as well make relation of those reasons which
+confirmed me in my purpose of going abroad, as of these accidents which
+haue happened during our aboad there; thereby hoping to perswade you that
+no light fansie did drawe me from the fruition of your dearest friendship,
+but an earnest desire by following the warres to make my selfe more woorthy
+of the same.
+
+Hauing therefore determinately purposed to put on this habite of a
+souldier, I grew doubtfull whether to employ my time in the wars of the low
+Countries, which are in auxiliarie maner maintained by her maiestie, or to
+folow the fortune of this voiage, which was an aduenture of her and many
+honorable personages, in reuenge of vnsupportable wrongs offered vnto the
+estate of our countrey by the Castilian king: in arguing whereof, I find
+that by how much the chalenger is reputed before the defendant, by so much
+is the iourney to be preferred before those defensiue wars. For had the
+duke of Parma his turne bene to defend, as it was his good fortune to
+inuade: from whence could haue proceeded that glorious honor which these
+late warres haue laid vpon him, or what could haue bene said more of him,
+then of a Respondent (though neuer so valiant) in a priuate Duell: Euen,
+that he hath done no more then by his honor he was tied vnto. For the gaine
+of one towne or any small defeat giueth more renoume to the Assailant, then
+the defence of a countrey, or the withstanding of twentie encounters can
+yeeld any man who is bound by his place to guard the same: whereof as well
+the particulars of our age, especially in the Spaniard, as the reports of
+former histories may assure us, which haue still laied the fame of all
+warres vpon the Inuader. And do not ours in these dayes liue obscured in
+Flanders, either not hauing wherewithall to manage any warre, or not
+putting on armes, but to defend themselues when the enemie shall procure
+them? Whereas in this short time of our aduenture, we haue won a towne by
+escalade, battered and assaulted another, ouerthrowen a mightie princes
+power in the field, landed our armie in 3 seueral places of his kingdom,
+marched 7 dayes in the heart of his country, lien three nights in the
+suburbs of his principall citie, beaten his forces into the gates thereof,
+and possessed two of his frontier forts, as shall in discourse thereof more
+particularly appeare: whereby I conclude, that going with an Inuader, and
+in such an action as euery day giueth new experience, I haue much to vaunt
+of, that my fortune did rather cary me thither then into the wars of
+Flanders. Notwithstanding the vehement perswasions you vsed with me to the
+contrary, the grounds whereof sithence you receiued them from others, you
+must giue me leaue to acquaint you with the error you were led into by
+them, who labouring to bring the world into an opinion that it stood more
+with the safetie of our estate to bend all our forces against the prince of
+Parma, then to folow this action by looking into the true effects of this
+journey, will iudicially conuince themselues of mistaking the matter. For,
+may the conquest of these countries against the prince of Parma be thought
+more easie for vs alone now, then the defence of them was 11 yeeres ago,
+with the men and money of the Queene of England? the power of the Monsieur
+of France? the assistance of the principal states of Germanie? and the
+nobilitie of their owne country? Could not an armie of more then 20000
+horse, and almost 30000 foot, beat Don Iohn de Austria out of the countrey,
+who was possessed of a very few frontier townes? and shall it now be laid
+vpon her maiesties shoulders to remoue so mightie an enemie, who hath left
+vs but 3 whole parts of 17 vnconquered? It is not a iourney of a few
+moneths, nor an auxiliarie warre of fewe yeeres that can damnifie the king
+of Spaine in those places where we shall meet at euery 8 or 10 miles end
+with a towne, which will cost more the winning then will yeerely pay 4 or 5
+thousand mens wages, where all the countrey is quartered by riuers which
+haue no passage vnfortified, and where most of the best souldiers of
+Christendom that be on our aduerse party be in pension. But our armie,
+which hath not cost her maiestie much aboue the third part of one yeres
+expenses in the Low countries, hath already spoiled a great part of the
+prouision he had made at the Groine of all sortes, for a new voyage into
+England; burnt 3 of his ships, whereof one was the second in the last yeres
+expedition called S. Iuan de Colorado, taken from him aboue 150 pieces of
+good artillerie; cut off more then 60 hulks and 20 French ships wel manned
+fit and readie to serue him for men of war against vs, laden for his store
+with corne, victuals, masts, cables, and other marchandizes; slaine and
+taken the principal men of war he had in Galitia; made Don Pedro Enriques
+de Gusman, Conde de Fuentes, Generall of his forces in Portugall,
+shamefully run at Peniche; laid along of his best Commanders in Lisbon; and
+by these few aduentures discouered how easily her maiestie may without any
+great aduenture in short time pull the Tirant of the world vpon his knees,
+as wel by the disquieting his vsurpation of Portugall as without
+difficultie in keeping the commoditie of his Indies from him, by sending an
+army so accomplished, as may not be subiect to those extremities which we
+haue endured: except he draw, for those defences, his forces out of the Low
+countries and disfurnish his garisons of Naples and Milan, which with
+safetie of those places he may not do. And yet by this meane he shall
+rather be enforced therevnto, then by any force that can be vsed there
+against him: wherefore I directly conclude that this proceeding is the most
+safe and necessary way to be held against him, and therefore more importing
+then the war in the Low countries. Yet hath the iourney (I know) bene much
+misliked by some, who either thinking too worthily of the Spaniards valure,
+too indifferently of his purposes against vs, or too vnworthily of them
+that vndertooke this iourney against him, did thinke it a thing dangerous
+to encounter the Spaniard at his owne home, a thing needlesse to proceed by
+inuasion against him, a thing of too great moment for two subjects of their
+qualitie to vndertake: And therefore did not so aduance the beginnings as
+though they hoped for any good successe therof.
+
+The chances of wars be things most vncertaine: for what people soeuer
+vndertake them, they are in deed as chastisements appointed by God for the
+one side or the other. For which purpose it hath pleased him to giue some
+victories to the Spaniards of late yeeres against some whom he had in
+purpose to ruine. But if we consider what wars they be that haue made their
+name so terrible, we shal find them to haue bin none other then against the
+barbarous Moores, the naked Indians, and the vnarmed Netherlanders, whose
+yeelding rather to the name then act of the Spaniards, hath put them into
+such a conceit of their mightines, as they haue considerately vndertaken
+the conquest of our monarchie, consisting of a people vnited and always
+held sufficiently warlike: against whom what successe their inuincible army
+had the last yeere, as our very children can witness, so I doubt not but
+this voiage hath sufficiently made knowen what they are euen vpon their
+owne dunghill, which, had it bene set out in such sort as it was agreed
+vpon by their first demaund, it might haue made our nation the most
+glorious people of the world. For hath not the want of 8 of the 12 pieces
+of artillerie, which were promised vnto the Aduenture, lost her maiestie
+the possession of the Groine and many other places, as hereafter shall
+appeare, whose defensible rampires were greater then our batterie (such as
+it was) cold force: and therefore were left vnattempted?
+
+It was also resolued to haue sent 600 English horses of the Low countries,
+whereof we had not one, notwithstanding the great charges expended in their
+transportation hither: and that may the army assembled at Puente de Burgos
+thanke God of, as well as the forces of Portugall, who foreran vs 6 daies
+together: Did we not want 7 of the l3 old Companies, which we should haue
+had from thence; foure of the 10 Dutch Companies; and 6 of their men of war
+for the sea, from the Hollanders: which I may iustly say we wanted, in that
+we might haue had so many good souldiers, so many good ships, and so many
+able bodies more then we had?
+
+Did there not vpon the first thinking of the iourney diuers gallant
+Courtiers put in their names for aduenturers to the summe of 10000 li. who
+seeing it went forward in good earnest, aduised themselues better, and laid
+the want of so much money vpon the iourney?
+
+Was there not moreouer a rounde summe of the aduenture spent in leuying,
+furnishing, and maintaining 3 moneths 1500 men for the seruice of Berghen,
+with which Companies the Mutinies of Ostend were suppressed, a seruice of
+no smal moment?
+
+What misery the detracting of the time of our setting out, which should
+haue bene the 1 of February, did lay vpon vs, too many can witnes: and what
+extremitie the want of that moneths victuals which we did eat, during the
+moneth we lay at Plimouth for a wind, might haue driuen vs vnto, no man can
+doubt of, that knoweth what men do liue by, had not God giuen vs in the
+ende a more prosperous wind and shorter passage into Galitia then hath bene
+often seen, where our owne force and fortune reuictualled vs largely: of
+which crosse windes, that held vs two dayes after our going out, the
+Generals being wearie, thrust to Sea in the same, wisely chusing rather to
+attend the change thereof there, then by being in harborough to lose any
+part of the better, when it should come by hauing their men on shore: in
+which two dayes 25 of our companies shipped in part of the fleet were
+scattered from vs, either not being able or willing to double Vshant.
+
+These burdens layed vpon our Generals before their going out, they haue
+patiently endured, and I thinke they haue thereby much enlarged their
+honour: for hauing done thus much with the want of our artillery, 600
+horse, 3000 foot, and 20000 li. of their aduenture, and one moneths
+victuals of their proportion, what may be conjectured they would haue done
+with their ful complement?
+
+For the losse of our men at sea, since we can lay it on none but the will
+of God, what can be said more, then that it is his pleasure to turne all
+those impediments to the honor of them against whom they were intended: and
+he will still shew himselfe the Lord of hosts in doing great things by
+them, whom many haue sought to obscure: who if they had let the action fall
+at the height thereof in respect of those defects, which were such
+especially for the seruice at land, as would haue made a mighty subiect
+stoope vnder them, I do not see how any man could iustly haue layd any
+reproch vpon him who commanded the same, but rather haue lamented the
+iniquity of this time, wherein men whom forren countries haue for their
+conduct in seruice worthily esteemed of, should not only in their owne
+countrey not be seconded in their honorable endeuors, but mightily hindred,
+euen to the impairing of their owne estates, which most willingly they haue
+aduentured for the good of their countries: whose worth I will not value by
+my report, lest I should seem guiltie of flattery (which my soule
+abhorreth) and yet come short in the true measure of their praise. Onely
+for your instruction against them who had almost seduced you from the true
+opinion you hold of such men, you shall vnderstand that Generall Norris
+from his booke was trained vp in the wars of the Admiral of France, and in
+very yong yeeres had charge of men vnder the erle of Essex in Ireland:
+which with what commendations he then discharged, I leaue to the report of
+them who obserued those seruices. Vpon the breach betwixt Don Iohn and the
+States, he was made Colonel generall of all the English forces there
+present, or to come, which he continued 2 yeeres: he was then made Marshal
+of the field vnder Conte Hohenlo: and after that, General of the army in
+Frisland: at his comming home in the time of Monsieurs gouernment in
+Flanders, he was made lord President of Munster in Ireland, which he yet
+holdeth, from whence within one yere he was sent for, and sent Generall of
+the English forces which her maiestie then lent to the Low countries, which
+he held til the erle of Leicesters going ouer. And he was made Marshall of
+the field in England, the enemy being vpon our coast, and when it was
+expected the crowne of England should haue bene tried by battel. Al which
+places of commandement which neuer any Englishman successiuely attained
+vnto in forren wars, and the high places her maiestie had thought him
+woorthy of, may suffice to perswade you, that he was not altogether
+vnlikely to discharge that which he vndertooke.
+
+What fame general Drake hath gotten by his iourney about the world, by his
+aduentures to the west Indies, and the scourges he hath laid vpon the
+Spanish nation, I leaue to the Southerne parts to speake of, and refer you
+to The Booke extant in our own language treating of the same, and beseech
+you considering the waighty matters they haue in all the course of their
+liues with wonderfull reputation managed, that you wil esteeme them not wel
+informed of their proceedings, that thinke them insufficient to passe
+through that which they vndertooke, especially hauing gone thus far in the
+view of the world, through so many incombrances, and disappointed of those
+agreements which led them the rather to vndertake the seruice. But it may
+be you wil thinke me herein either to much opinionated of the voiage, or
+conceited of the Commanders, that labouring thus earnestly to aduance the
+opinion of them both, haue not so much as touched any part of the
+misorders, weaknes and wants that haue bene amongst vs, whereof they that
+returned did plentifully report. True it is, I haue conceiued a great
+opinion of the iourney, and do thinke honorably of the Commanders: for we
+find in greatest antiquities, that many Commanders haue bene receiued home
+with triumph for lesse merite, and that our owne countrey hath honored men
+heretofore with admiration for aduentures vnequal to this: it might
+therefore in those daies haue seemed superfluous to extend any mans
+commendations by particular remembrances, for that then all men were ready
+to giue enery man his due. But I hold it most necessary in these daies,
+sithence euery vertue findeth her direct opposite, and actions woorthy of
+all memory are in danger to be enuiously obscured, to denounce the prayses
+of the action, and actors to the ful, but yet no further then with
+sinceritie of trueth, and not without grieuing at the iniury of this time,
+wherein is enforced a necessitie of Apologies for those men and matters,
+which all former times were accustomed to entertaine with the greatest
+applause that might be. But to answere the reports which haue bene giuen
+out in reproach of the actors and action by such as were in the same: let
+no man thinke otherwise, but that they, who fearing the casuall accidents
+of war had any purpose of returning, did first aduise of some occasion that
+should moue them thereunto: and hauing found any whatsoever did thinke it
+sufficiently iust, in respect of the earnest desire they had to seeke out
+matter that might colour their coming home.
+
+Of these there were some, who hauing noted the late Flemish warres did
+finde that many yong men haue gone ouer and safely returned souldiers
+within fewe moneths, in hauing learned some wordes of Arte vsed in the
+warres, and thought after that good example to spend like time amongst vs:
+which being expired they beganne to quarrell at the great mortalitie that
+was amongst vs.
+
+The neglect of discipline in the Armie, for that men were suffered to be
+drunke with the plentie of wines.
+
+The scarsitie of Surgions.
+
+The want of carriages for the hurt and sicke: and the penurie of victuals
+in the Campe:
+
+Thereupon diuining that there would be no good done: And that therefore
+they could be content to lose their time, and aduenture to returne home
+againe.
+
+These men haue either conceiued well of their owne wits (who by obseruing
+the passages of the warre were become sufficient souldiers in these fewe
+weeks, and did long to be at home, where their discourses might be wondred
+at) or missing of their Portegues and Milrayes [Footnote: Coins current in
+Spain and Portugal.] which they dreamed on in Portugall, would rather
+returne to their former maner of life, then attend the ende of the iourney.
+For seeing that one hazard brought another; and that though one escaped the
+bullet this day it might light vpon him to morow, the next day, or any day;
+and that the warre was not confined to any one place, but that euery place
+brought foorth new enemies, they were glad to see some of the poore
+souldiers fal sicke, that fearing to be infected by them they might iustly
+desire to go home.
+
+[Sidenote: Answere to the first.] The sicknesse I confesse was great,
+because any is too much. But hath it bene greater then is ordinary among
+Englishmen at their first entrance into the warres, whithersoeuer they goe
+to want the fulnesse of their flesh pots? Haue not ours decayed at all
+times in France, with eating yong fruits and drinking newe wines? haue they
+not abundantly perished in the Low countreys with cold, and rawnesse of the
+aire, euen in their garrisons? Haue there not more died in London in sixe
+moneths of the plague, then double our Armie being at the strongest? And
+could the Spanish armie the last yeere (who had all prouisions that could
+be thought on for an Armie, and tooke the fittest season, in the yeere for
+our Climate) auoyd sicknes among their souldiers? May it then be thought
+that ours could escape there, where they found inordinate heat of weather,
+and hot wines to distemper them withall?
+
+But can it be, that we haue lost so many as the common sort perswade
+themselues wee haue? It hath bene prooued by strickt examinations of our
+musters, that we were neuer in our fulnesse before our going from Plimouth
+11000. souldiers, nor aboue 2500. Marriners. It is also euident that there
+returned aboue 6000. of all sorts, as appeareth by the seuerall paiments
+made to them since our comming home. And I haue truely shewed you that of
+these numbers very neere 3000. forsooke the Armie at the Sea, whereof some
+passed into France and the rest returned home. So as we neuer being 13000.
+in all, and hauing brought home aboue 6000. with vs, you may see how the
+world hath bene seduced, in belieuing that we haue lost 16000. men by
+sicknes.
+
+[Sidenote: Answere to the second.] To them that haue made question of the
+gouernment of the warres (little knowing what appertained thereunto in that
+there were so many drunkards amongst vs) I answere that in their gouernment
+of shires and parishes, yea in their very housholdes, themselues can hardly
+bridle their vassals from that vice. For we see it is a thing almost
+impossible, at any your Faires or publique assemblies to finde any quarter
+thereof sober, or in your Townes any Ale-poles vnfrequented: And we obserue
+that though any man hauing any disordered persons in their houses, do locke
+vp their drincke and set Butlers vpon it, that they will yet either by
+indirect meanes steale themselues drunke from their Masters tables, or
+runne abroad to seeke it. If then at home in the eyes of your Iustices,
+Maiors, Preachers, and Masters, and where they pay for euery pot they take,
+they cannot be kept from their liquor: doe they thinke that those base
+disordered persons whom themselves sent vnto vs, as liuing at home without
+rule, who hearing of wine doe long for it as a daintie that their purses
+could neuer reach to in England, and having it there without mony euen in
+their houses where they lie and hold their guard, can be kept from being
+drunk; and once drunke, held in any order or tune, except we had for euery
+drunkard an officer to attend him? But who be they that haue runne into
+these disorders? Euen our newest men, our yongest men, and our idelest men,
+and for the most part our slouenly prest men, whom the Justices, (who haue
+alwayes thought vnwoorthily of any warre) haue sent out as the scumme and
+dregs of their countrey. And those were they, who distempering themselues
+with these hote wines, haue brought in that sicknesse, which hath infected
+honester men then themselues. But I hope, as in other places the recouerie
+of their diseases doeth acquaint their bodies with the aire of the
+countries where they be, so the remainder of these which haue either
+recouered, or past without sicknesse will proue most fit for Martiall
+seruices.
+
+[Sidenote: Answere to the third.] If we haue wanted Surgeons, may not this
+rather be laid vpon the captaines (who are to prouide for their seuerall
+Companies) then vpon the Generals, whose care hath bene more generall. And
+how may it be thought that euery captaine, vpon whom most of the charges of
+raising their Companies was laid as an aduenture, could prouide themselues
+of all things expedient for a war, which was alwaies wont to be maintained
+by the purse of the prince. But admit euery Captaine had his Surgeon: yet
+were the want of curing neuer the lesse: for our English Surgeons (for the
+most part) be vnexperienced in hurts that come by shot; because England
+hath not knowen wars but of late, from whose ignorance proceeded this
+discomfort, which I hope wil warne those that hereafter go to the wars to
+make preparation of such as may better preserue mens liues by their skill.
+
+[Sidenote: Answere to the fourth.] From whence the want of cariages did
+proceed, you may conjecture in that we marched through a countrey neither
+plentifull of such prouisions, nor willing to part from any thing: yet this
+I can assure you, that no man of worth was left either hurt or sicke in any
+place vnprouided for. And that the General commanded all the mules and
+asses that were laden with any baggage to be vnburdened and taken that vse:
+and the earle of Essex and he for money hired men to cary men vpon pikes.
+And the earle (whose true vertue and nobilitie, as it doeth in all other
+his actions appeare, so did it very much in this) threw down his own
+stuffe, I meane apparel and necessaries which he had there, from his owne
+cariages, and let them be left by the way, to put hurt and sicke men vpon
+them. Of whose honourable deseruings I shall not need here to make any
+particular discourse, for that many of his actions do hereafter giue me
+occasion to obserue the same.
+
+[Sidenote: Answere to the fift.] And the great complaint that these men
+make for the want of victuals may well proceed from their not knowing the
+wants of the war; for if to feed vpon good bieues, muttons and goats, be to
+want, they haue endured great scarcitie at land, wherunto they neuer
+wanted, two daies together, wine to mixe with their water, nor bread to eat
+with their meat (in some quantitie) except it were such as had vowed rather
+to starue then to stir out of their places for food: of whom we had too
+many, who if their time had serued for it, might haue seen in many campes
+in the most plentifull countries of the world for victuals, men daily die
+with want of bread and drinke in not hauing money to buy, nor the countrey
+yeelding any good or healthful water in any place; whereas both Spaine and
+Portugall do in euery place affoord the best water that may be, and much
+more healthful then any wine for our drinking.
+
+And although some haue most injuriously exclaimed against the smal
+prouisions of victuals for the sea, rather grounding the same vpon an euill
+that might haue fallen, then any that did light vpon vs: yet know you this,
+that there is no man so forgetfull, that will say they wanted before they
+came to the Groine, that whosoeuer made not very large prouisions for
+himselfe and his company at the Groine, was very improuident, where was
+plentiful store of wine, biefe, and fish, and no man of place prohibited to
+lay in the same into their ships, wherewith some did so furnish themselues,
+as they did not onely in the journey supplie the wants, of such as were
+lesse provident then they, but in their returne home made a round
+commoditie of the remainder thereof. And that at Cascais there came in such
+store of prouisions into the Fleet out of England, as no man that would
+haue vsed his diligence could haue wanted his due proportion thereof, as
+might appeare by the remainder that was returned to Plimmouth, and the
+plentifull sale thereof made out of the marchants ships after their comming
+into the Thames.
+
+But least I should seeme vnto you too studious in confuting idle opinions,
+or answering friuolous questions, I wil adresse me to the true report of
+those actions that haue passed therein: wherein I protest, I will neither
+hide any thing that hath hapned against vs, nor attribute more to any man
+or matter, then the iust occasions thereof lead me vnto: wherein it shall
+appeare that there hath bene nothing left vndone by the Generals which was
+before our going out vndertaken by them, but that there hath bene much more
+done then was at the first required by Don Antonio, who should haue reaped
+the fruit of our aduenture.
+
+[Sidenote: Our men land within a mile of the Groine the 20 of April.] After
+6 daies sailing from the coast of England, and the 5 after we had the wind
+good being the 20 of April in the euening, we landed in a baie more then an
+English mile from the Groine, in our long boats and pinnasses without any
+impeachment: from whence we presently marched toward the towne, within one
+halfe mile we were encountred by the enemie who being charged by ours,
+retired into their gates. For that night our armie lay in the villages,
+houses and mils next adioining, and very neere round about the towne, into
+the which the Galeon named S. Iohn (which was the second of the last yeeres
+Fleet agaynst England) one hulke, two smaller ships and two Gallies which
+were found in the road, did beate vpon vs and vpon our Companies as they
+passed too and fro that night and the next morning. Generall Norris hauing
+that morning before day viewed the Towne, found the same defended on the
+land side (for it standeth vpon the necke of an Iland) with a wall vpon a
+dry ditch; whereupon he resolued to trie in two places what might bee done
+against it by escalade, and in the meane time aduised for the landing of
+some artillery to beat vpon the ships and gallies, that they might not
+annoy vs: which being put in execution, vpon the planting of the first
+piece the gallies abandoned the road, and betooke them to Feroll, not farre
+from thence: and the Armada being beaten with the artillery and musketers
+that were placed vpon the next shore, left her playing vpon vs. The rest of
+the day was spent in preparing the companies, and other prouisions ready
+for the surprise of the base towne which was effected in this sort.
+
+There were appointed to be landed 1200 men vnder the conduct of Colonell
+Huntley, and Captaine Fenner the Viceadmirall, on that side next fronting
+vs by water in long boats and pinnesses, wherein were placed many pieces ol
+artillery to beat vpon the tonne in their aproch: at the corner of the wall
+which defended the other water side, were appointed Captaine Richard
+Wingfield Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Norris, and Captaine Sampson
+Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Drake to enter at low water with 500 men if
+they found it passable, but if not, to betake them to the escalade, for
+they had also ladders with them: at the other corner of the wall which
+joyned to that side that was attempted by water, were appointed Colonell
+Vmpton, and Colonell Bret with 300 men to enter by escalade. All the
+companies which should enter by boat being imbarked before the low water,
+and hauing giuen the alarme, Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson
+betooke them to the escalade, for they had in commandement to charge all at
+one instant. The boats landed without any great difficulty: yet had they
+some men hurt in the landing. Colonell Bret and Colonell Vmpton entred
+their quarter without encounter, not finding any defence made against them:
+for Captaine Hinder being one of them that entred by water, at his first
+entry, with some of his owne company whom he trusted well, betooke himselfe
+to that part of the wall, which be cleared before that they offered to
+enter, and so still scoured the wall till hee came on the backe of them who
+mainteined the fight against Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson; who
+were twise beaten from their ladders, and found very good resistance, till
+the enemies perceiuing ours entred in two places at their backs, were
+driuen to abandon the same. The reason why that place was longer defended
+then the other, is (as Don Iuan de Luna who commanded the same affirmeth)
+that the enemy that day had resolued in councell how to make their
+defences, if they were approched: and therein concluded, that, if we
+attempted it by water, it was not able to be held, and therefore vpon the
+discouery of our boats, they of the high towne should make a signall by
+fire from thence, that all the lowe towne might make their retreat thither:
+but they (whether troubled with the sudden terror we brought vpon them, or
+forgetting their decree) omitted the fire, which made them guard that place
+til we were entred on euery side.
+
+Then the towne being entred in three seuerall places with an huge cry, the
+inhabitants betooke them to the high towne: which they might with lesse
+perill doe, for that ours being strangers here, knew not the way to cut
+them off. The rest that were not put to the sword in fury, fled to the
+rocks in the Iland, and others hid themselues in chambers and sellers,
+which were euery day found out in great numbers.
+
+Amongst those Don Iuan de Luna, a man of very good commandement, hauing
+hidden himselfe in a house, did the next morning yeeld himselfe.
+
+There was also taken that night a commissary of victuals called Iuan de
+Vera, who confessed that there were in the Groine at our entry 500
+souldiours being in seuen companies which returned very weake (as appeareth
+by the small numbers of them) from the iourney of England, namely:
+
+Vnder Don Iuan de Luna.
+
+Don Diego Barran, a bastard sonne of the Marques of Santa Cruz; his company
+  was that night in the Galeon.
+
+Don Antonio de Herera then at Madrid.
+
+Don Pedro de Manriques brother to the Earle of Paxides.
+
+Don Ieronimo de Mourray of the Order of S. Iuan, with some of the towne
+  were in the fort.
+
+Don Gomez de Caramasal then at Madrid.
+
+Captaine Manço Caucaso de Socas.
+
+Also there came in that day of our landing from Retanzas the companies of
+  Don Iohn de Mosalle, and Don Pedro Poure de Leon.
+
+Also he saith that there was order giuen for baking of 300000 of biscuit,
+  some in Batansas, some in Ribadeo, and the rest there.
+
+There were then in the towne 2000 pipes of wine, and 150 in the
+  ships.
+
+That there were lately come vnto the Marques of Seralba 300000
+  ducats.
+
+That there were 1000 iarres of oile.
+
+A great quantity of beanes, peaze, wheat, and fish.
+
+That there were 3000 quintals of beefe.
+
+And that not twenty dayes before, there came in three barks laden with
+  match and harquebuzes.
+
+Some others also found fauour to be taken prisoners, but the rest falling
+into the hands of the common souldiers, had their throats cut, to the
+number of 500, as I coniecture, first and last, after we had entred the
+towne; and in the entry thereof there was found euery celler full of wine,
+whereon our men, by inordinate drinking, both grew themselues for the
+present senselesse of the danger of the shot of the towne, which hurt many
+of them being drunke, and tooke the first ground of their sicknesse; for of
+such was our first and chiefest mortality. There was also abundant store of
+victuals, salt, and all kinde of prouision for shipping and the warre:
+which was confessed by the sayd Commissary of victuals there, to be the
+beginning of a magasin of all sorts of prouision for a new voyage into
+England: whereby you may conjecture what the spoile thereof hath aduantaged
+vs, and prejudiced the king of Spaine.
+
+The next morning about eight of the clocke the enemies abandoned their
+ships. And hauing ouercharged the artillery of the gallion, left her on
+fire, which burnt in terrible sort two dayes together, the fire and
+ouercharging of the pieces being so great, as of fifty that were in her,
+there were not aboue sixteene taken out whole; the rest with ouercharge of
+the powder being broken, and molten with heat of the fire, were taken out
+in broken pieces into diuers shippes. The same day was the cloister on the
+South side of the towne entred by vs, which ioyned very neere to the wall
+of the towne, out of the chambers and other places whereof we beat into the
+same with our musquetiers.
+
+The next day in the afternoone there came downe some 2000 men, gathered
+together out of the countrey, euen to the gates of the towne, as resolutely
+(ledde by what spirit I know not) as though they would haue entred the
+same: but at the first defence made by ours that had the guard there,
+wherein were slaine about eighteene of theirs, they tooke them to their
+heeles in the same disorder they made their approch, and with greater speed
+then ours were able to follow: notwithstanding we followed after them more
+then a mile. The second day Colonell Huntley was sent into the countrey
+with three or foure hundred men, who brought home very great store of kine
+and sheepe for our reliefe.
+
+The third day in the night the Generall had in purpose to take a long
+munition-house builded vpon their wall, opening towards vs, which would
+haue giuen vs great aduantage against them; but they knowing the commodity
+thereof for vs, burnt it in the beginning of the euening; which put him to
+a new councell: for he had likewise brought some artillery to that side of
+the towne. During this time there happened a very great fire in the lower
+end of the towne; which, had it not bene by the care of the Generals
+heedily sene vnto, and the fury thereof preuented by pulling downe many
+houses which were most in danger, as next vnto them, had burnt all the
+prouisions we found there, to our woonderfull hinderance.
+
+The fourth day were planted vnder the gard of the cloister two demy-canons,
+and two coluerings against the towne, defended or gabbioned with a crosse
+wall, thorow the which our battery lay; the first and second fire whereof
+shooke all the wall downe, so as all the ordinance lay open to the enemy,
+by reason whereof some of the Canoniers were shot and some slaine. The
+Lieutenant also of the ordinance, M. Spencer, was slaine fast by Sir Edward
+Norris, Master thereof: whose valour being accompanied with an honourable
+care of defending that trust committed vnto him, neuer left that place,
+till he receiued direction from the Generall his brother to cease the
+battery, which he presently did, leauing a gard vpon the same for that day;
+and in the night following made so good defence for the place of the
+battery, as after there were very few or none annoyed therein. That day
+Captaine Goodwin had in commandement from the Generall, that when the
+assault should be giuen to the towne, he should make a proffer of an
+escalade on the other side, where he held his guard: but he (mistaking the
+signall that should haue bene giuen) attempted the same long before the
+assault, and was shot in the mouth. The same day the Generall hauing
+planted his ordinance ready to batter, caused the towne to be summoned; in
+which summons they of the towne shot at our Drum; immediatly after that
+there was one hanged ouer the wall, and a parle desired; wherein they gaue
+vs to vnderstand, that the man hanged was he that shot at the Drum before:
+wherein also they intreated to haue faire warres, with promise of the same
+on their parts. The rest of the parle was spent in talking of Don Iuan de
+Luna, and some other prisoners, and somewhat of the rendring of the towne,
+but not much, for they listened not greatly thereunto.
+
+Generall Norris hauing by his skilfull view of the towne (which is almost
+all seated vpon a rocke) found one place thereof mineable, did presently
+set workemen in hand withall; who after three dayes labour (and the seuenth
+after we were entred the base towne) had bedded their powder, but indeede
+not farre enough into the wall. Against which time the breach made by the
+canon being thought assaultable, and companies appointed as well to enter
+the same, as that which was expected should be blowen vp by the mine:
+namely, to that of the canon, Captaine Richard Wingfield, and Captaine
+Philpot who lead the Generals foot-companie, with whom also Captaine Yorke
+went, whose principall commandment was ouer the horsemen. And to that of
+the Myne, Captaine Iohn Sampson, and Captaine Anthonie Wingfield Lieutenant
+Colonell to the Master of the Ordinance, with certaine selected out of
+diuers Regiments. All these companies being in armes, and the assault
+intended to be giuen in al places at an instant, fire was put to the traine
+of the mine; but by reason the powder brake out backewards in a place where
+the caue was made too high, there could be nothing done in either place for
+that day. During this time Captaine Hinder was sent with some chosen out of
+euery company into the countrey for prouisions, whereof he brought in good
+store, and returned without losse.
+
+The next day Captaine Anthony Sampson was sent out with some 500 to fetch
+in prouisions for the army, who was encountred by them of the countrey, but
+he put them to flight, and returned with good spoile. The same night the
+miners were set to worke againe, who by the second day after had wrought
+very well into the foundation of the wall. Against which time the companies
+aforesayd being in readinesse for both places (Generall Drake on the other
+side, with two or three hundred men in pinnesses, making proffer to attempt
+a strong fort vpon an Iland before the towne, where he left more then
+thirty men) fire was giuen to the traine of the mine, which blew vp halfe
+the tower vnder which the powder was planted. The assailants hauing in
+charge vpon the effecting of the mine presently to giue the assault,
+performed it accordingly; but too soone: for hauing entred the top of the
+breach, the other halfe of the tower, which with the first force of the
+powder was onely shaken and made loose, fell vpon our men: vnder which were
+buried about twenty or thirty, then being vnder that part of the tower.
+This so amazed our men that stood in the breach, not knowing from whence
+that terror came, as they forsooke their Commanders, and left them among
+the ruines of the mine. The two Ensignes of Generall Drake and Captaine
+Anthony Wingfield were shot in the breach, but their colours were rescued:
+the Generals by Captaine Sampsons Lieutenant, and Captaine Wingfields by
+himselfe. Amongst them that the wall fell vpon, was Captaine Sydenham
+pitifully lost; who hauing three or foure great stones vpon his lower
+parts, was held so fast, as neither himselfe could stirre, nor any
+reasonable company recouer him. Notwithstanding the next day being found to
+be aliue, there was ten or twelue lost in attempting to relieue him.
+
+The breach made by the canon was woonderfully well assaulted by them that
+had the charge thereof, who brought their men to the push of the pike at
+the top of the breach. And being ready to enter, the loose earth (which was
+indeed but the rubbish of the outside of the wall) with the weight of them
+that were thereon slipped outwards from vnder their feet. Whereby did
+appeare halfe the wall vnbattered. For let no man thinke that culuerin or
+demy-canon can sufficiently batter a defensible rampire: and of those
+pieces which we had; the better of the demy-canons at the second shot brake
+in her carriages, so as the battery was of lesse force, being but of three
+pieces.
+
+In our retreat (which was from both breaches thorow a narrow lane) were
+many of our men hurt: and Captaine Dolphin, who serued very well that day,
+was hurt in the very breach. The failing of this attempt, in the opinion of
+all the beholders, and of such as were of best judgement, was the fall of
+the mine; which had doubtlesse succeeded, the rather, because the approch
+was vnlooked for by the enemy in that place, and therefore not so much
+defence made there as in the other; which made the Generall grow to a new
+resolution: for finding that two dayes battery had so little beaten their
+wall, and that he had no better preparation to batter withall: he knew in
+his experience, there was no good to be done that way; which I thinke he
+first put in proofe, to trie if by that terror he could get the vpper
+towne, hauing no other way to put it in hazzard so speedily, and which in
+my conscience had obtained the towne, had not the defendants bene in as
+great perill of their liues by the displeasure of their king in giuing it
+vp, as by the bullet or sword in defending the same. For that day before
+the assault, in the view of our army, they burnt a cloister within the
+towne, and many other houses adioyning to the castle, to make it more
+defensible: whereby it appeared how little opinion themselues had of
+holding it against vs, had not God (who would not haue vs suddenly made
+proud) layed that misfortune vpon vs.
+
+Hereby it may appeare, that the foure canons, and other pieces of battery
+promised to the iourney, and not performed, might haue made her Maiesty
+mistresse of the Groine: for though the mine were infortunate, yet if the
+other breach had bene such as the earth would haue held our men thereon, I
+doe not thinke but they had entred it thorowly at the first assault giuen:
+which had bene more then I haue heard of in our age. And being as it was,
+is no more then the Prince of Parma hath in winning of all his townes
+endured, who neuer entred any place at the first assault, nor aboue three
+by assault.
+
+The next day the Generall hearing by a prisoner that was brought in, that
+the Conde de Andrada had assembled an armie of eight thousand at Puente de
+Burgos, sixe miles from thence in the way to Petance, which was but the
+beginning of an armie: in that there was a greater leauie readie to come
+thither vnder the Conde de Altemira, either in purpose to relieue the
+Groine, or to encampe themselues neere the place of our embarking, there to
+hinder the same; for to that purpose had the marquesse of Seralba written
+to them both the first night of our landing, as the Commissarie taken then
+confessed, or at the least to stop our further entrance into the countrey,
+(for during this time, there were many incursions made of three or foure
+hundred at a time, who burnt, spoyled, and brought in victuals plentifully)
+the General, I say, hearing of this armie, had in purpose the next day
+following to visite them, agaynst whom hee caried but nine Regiments: in
+the vantgard were the Regiment of Sir Roger Williams, Sir Edward Norris,
+and Colonell Sidney: in the Battaile, that of the Generall, of Colonell
+Lane, and Colonel Medkerk: and in the Rereward, Sir Henrie Norris, Colonell
+Huntley, and Colonell Brets Regiments; leauing the other fiue Regiments
+with Generall Drake, for the guard of the Cloister and Artillerie. About
+ten of the clocke the next day, being the sixt of May, halfe a mile from
+the campe, we discouering the enemy, Sir Edward Norris, who commanded the
+vantgard in chiefe, appointed his Lieutenant Colonell Captaine Anthonie
+Wingfield to command the shot of the same, who diuided them into three
+troups; the one he appointed to Captaine Middleton to be conducted in a way
+on the left hand: another to Captaine Erington to take the way on the right
+hand, and the body of them (which were Musquetiers) Captaine Wingfield
+tooke himselfe, keeping the direct way of the march. But the way taken by
+Captaine Middleton met a little before with the way held by Captaine
+Wingfield, so as be giuing the first charge vpon the enemy, was in the
+instant seconded by Captaine Wingfield, who beat them from place to place
+(they hauing very good places of defence, and crosse walles which they
+might haue held long) till they betooke them to their bridge, which is ouer
+a creeke comming out of the Sea, builded of stone vpon arches. On the foot
+of the further side whereof, lay the Campe of the enemy very strongly
+entrenched, who with our shot beaten to the further end of the bridge, Sir
+Edward Norris marching in the point, of the pikes, without stay passed to
+the bridge, accompanied with Colonell Sidney, Captaine Hinder, Captaine
+Fulford, and diuers others, who found the way cleare ouer the same, but
+through an incredible volley of shot; for that the shot of their army
+flanked vpon both sides of the bridge, the further end whereof was
+barricaded with barrels: but they who should haue guarded the same, seeing
+the proud approch we made, forsooke the defence of the barricade, where Sir
+Edward entred, and charging the first defendant with his pike, with very
+earnestnesse in ouerthrusting, fell, and was grieuously hurt at the sword
+in the head, but was most honourably rescued by the Generall his brother,
+accompanied with Colonell Sidney, and some other gentlemen: Captaine Hinder
+also hauing his Caske shot off, had fiue wounds in the head and face at the
+sword: and Captaine Fulford was shot into the left arme at the same
+encounter: yet were they so thorowly seconded by the Generall, who thrust
+himselfe so neere to giue encouragement to the attempt (which was of
+woonderfull difficulty) as their brauest men that defended that place being
+ouerthrowen, their whole army fell presently into rout, of whom our men had
+the chase three miles in foure sundry wayes, which they betooke themselues
+vnto. [Sidenote: The notable ouerthrow giuen to the Spaniards at Puente de
+Burgos.] There was taken the Standard with the Kings armes, and borne
+before the Generall. How many two thousand men (for of so many consisted
+our vantgard) might kill in pursuit of foure sundry parties, so many you
+may imagine fell before vs that day. And to make the number more great, our
+men hauing giuen ouer the execution, and returning to their standes, found
+many hidden in the Vineyards and hedges, which they dispatched. Also
+Colonell Medkerk was sent with his regiment three miles further to a
+Cloister, which he burnt and spoiled, wherein he found two hundred more,
+and put them to the sword. There were slaine in this fight on our side
+onely Captaine Cooper and one priuate souldier; Captaine Barton was also
+hurt vpon the bridge in the eye. But had you seene the strong baricades
+they had made on either side of the bridge, and how strongly they lay
+encamped thereabouts, you would haue thought it a rare resolution of ours
+to giue so braue a charge vpon an army so strongly lodged. After the furie
+of the execution, the Generall sent the vantgard one way, and the battell
+another, to burne and spoile; so as you might haue seene the countrey more
+then three miles compasse on fire. There was found very good store of
+munition and victuals in the Campe, some plate and rich apparell, which the
+better sort left behinde, they were so hotly pursued. Our sailers also
+landed in an Iland next adioyning to our ships, where they burnt and
+spoiled all they found. Thus we returned to the Groine, bringing small
+comfort to the enemy within the same, who shot many times at vs as we
+marched out; but not once in our comming backe againe.
+
+The next day was spent in shipping our artillery landed for the battery,
+and of the rest taken at the Groine, which had it bene such as might haue
+giuen vs any assurance of a better battery, or had there bene no other
+purpose of our iourney but that, I thinke the Generall would haue spent
+some more time in the siege of the place.
+
+The last two nights, there were that vndertooke to fire the higher towne in
+one place, where the houses were builded vpon the wall by the water side:
+but they within suspecting as much, made so good defence against vs, as
+they preuented the same. In our departure there was fire put into euery
+house of the low towne, insomuch as I may iustly say, there was not one
+house left standing in the base towne, or the cloister.
+
+The next day being the eight of May, we embarked our army without losse of
+a man, which (had we not beaten the enemy at Puente de Burgos) had bene
+impossible to haue done; for that without doubt they would haue attempted
+something against vs in our imbarking: as appeared by the report of the
+Commissary aforesayd, who confessed, that the first night of our landing
+the Marques of Seralba writ to the Conde de Altemira, the Conde de Andrada,
+and to Terneis de Santisso, to bring all the forces against vs that they
+could possible raise, thinking no way so good to assure that place, as to
+bring an army thither, where withall they might either besiege vs in their
+base towne, if we should get it, or to lie betweene vs and our place of
+imbarking, to fight with us vpon the aduantage; for they had aboue 15000
+souldiers vnder their commandements.
+
+After we had put from thence, we had the winde so contrary, as we could not
+vnder nine dayes recouer the Burlings: in which passage on the thirteenth
+day the Earle of Essex, and with him M. Walter Deuereux his brother (a
+Gentleman of woonderfull great hope) Sir Roger Williams Colonell generall
+of the footmen, Sir Philip Butler, who hath alwayes bene most inward with
+him, and Sir Edward Wingfield, came into the fleet. The Earle hauing put
+himselfe into the iourney against the opinion of the world, and as it
+seemed to the hazzard of his great fortune, though to the great aduancement
+of his reputation, (for as the honourable cariage of himselfe towards all
+men doth make him highly esteemed at home; so did his exceeding
+forwardnesse in all seruices make him to bee woondered at amongst vs) who,
+I say, put off in the same winde from Falmouth, that we left Plimmouth in,
+where he lay, because he would auoid the importunity of messengers that
+were dayly sent for his returne, and some other causes more secret to
+himselfe, not knowing (as it seemed) what place the Generals purposed to
+land in, had bene as farre as Cadiz in Andaluzia, and lay vp and downe
+about the South Cape, where he tooke some ships laden with corne, and
+brought them vnto the fleet. Also in his returne from thence to meet with
+our fleet, he fell with the Ilands of Bayon; and on that side of the riuer
+which Cannas standeth vpon, he, with Sir Roger Williams, and those
+Gentlemen that were with him went on shore, with some men out of the ship
+he was in, whom the enemy, that held guard vpon that coast, would not
+abide, but fled vp into the countrey.
+
+The 16 day we landed at Peniche in Portugall, vnder the shot of the castle,
+and aboue the waste in water, more then a mile from the towne, wherein many
+were in perill of drowning, by reason the winde was great, and the sea went
+high, which ouerthrew one boat, wherein fiue and twenty of Captaine
+Dolphins men perished. The enemy being fiue companies of Spaniards vnder
+the commandement of the Conde de Fuentes, sallied out of the towne against
+vs, and in our landing made their approch close by the water side. But the
+Earle of Essex with Sir Roger Williams, and his brother, hauing landed
+sufficient number to make two troups, left one to holde the way by the
+water side, and led the other ouer the Sandhils; which the enemy seeing,
+drew theirs likewise further into the land; not, as we coniectured, to
+encounter vs, but indeed to make their speedy passage away:
+notwithstanding, they did it in such sort, as being charged by ours which
+were sent out by the Colonell generall vnder Captaine Iackson, they stood
+the same euen to the push of the pike: in which charge and at the push,
+Captaine Robert Piew was slaine. The enemy being fled further then we had
+reason to follow them, all our companies were drawen to the towne; which
+being vnfortified in any place, we found vndefended by any man against vs.
+And therefore the Generall caused the castle to be summoned that night;
+which being abandoned by him that commanded it, a Portugall named Antonio
+de Aurid, being possessed thereof, desired but to be assured that Don
+Antonio was landed, whereupon he would deliuer the same; which he honestly
+performed. [Sidenote: Peniche taken.] There was taken out of the castle
+some hundred shot and pikes, which Don Emanuel furnished his Portugals
+withall, and twenty barrels of powder: so as possessing both the towne and
+the castle, we rested there one day: wherein some Friers and other poore
+men came vnto their new king, promising in the name of their countrey next
+adioyning, that within two dayes he should haue a good supply of horse and
+foote for his assistance. That day we remained there, the Generals company
+of horses were vnshipped.
+
+The Generals there fully resolued, that the armie should march ouer land to
+Lisbone vnder the conduct of Generall Norris; and that Generall Drake
+should meete him in the riuer therof with the Fleete; and there should be
+one Company of foote left in the garde of the Castle, and sixe in the
+ships: also that the sicke and hurt should remaine there with prouisions
+for their cures. The Generall, to trie the euent of the matter by
+expedition, the next day beganne to march in this sort: his owne Regiment,
+and the Regiment of Sir Roger Williams, Sir Henrie Norris, Colonell Lane,
+and Colonell Medkerk, in the vantgard: Generall Drake, Colonell Deuereux,
+Sir Edward Norris, and Colonell Sidneis in the battel: Sir Iames Hales, Sir
+Edward Wingfield, Colonell Vmptons, Colonell Huntlies, and Colonell Brets
+in the arrereward. By that time our army was thus marshalled, Generall
+Drake, although hee were to passe by Sea, yet to make knowen the honourable
+desire he bad of taking equall part of all fortunes with vs, stood vpon the
+ascent of an hill, by the which our battalions must of necessity march and
+with a pleasing kindnesse tooke his leaue seuerally of the Commanders of
+euery regiment, wishing vs all most happy successe in our iourney ouer the
+land, with a constant promise that he would, if the injury of the weather
+did not hinder him, meet vs in the riuer of Lisbon with our fleet. The want
+of cariages the first day was such, as they were enforced to cary their
+munition vpon mens backs, which was the next day remedied.
+
+In this march captaine Crispe the Prouost Marshall caused one who (contrary
+to the Proclamation published at our arriuall in Portugall) had broken vp
+an house for pillage, to be hanged, with the cause of his death vpon his
+brest, in the place where the act was committed: which good example
+prouidently giuen in the beginning of our march, caused the commandement to
+be more respectiuely regarded all the iourney after, by them whom feare of
+punishment doeth onely holde within compasse. The campe lodged that night
+at Lorinha: the next day we had intelligence all the way, that the enemy
+had made head of horse and foot against vs at Torres Vedras, which we
+thought they would haue held: but comming thither the second day of our
+march, not two houres before our vantgard came in, they left the towne and
+the castle to the possession of Don Antonio.
+
+There began the greatest want we had of victuals, especially of bread, vpon
+a commandement giuen from the Generall, that no man should spoile the
+countrey, or take any thing from any Portugall: which was more respectiuely
+obserued, then I thinke would haue bene in our owne countrey, amongst our
+owne friends and kindred: but the countrey (contrary to promise) wholly
+neglected the prouision of victuals for vs, whereby we were driuen for that
+time into a great scarsity. Which mooued the Colonell generall to call all
+the Colonels together, and with them to aduise for some better course for
+our people: who thought it best, first to aduertise the king what necessity
+we were in, before we should of our selues alter the first institution of
+abstinence. The Colonell generall hauing acquainted the Generall herewith,
+with his very good allowance thereof, went to the king: who after some
+expostulations vsed, tooke the more carefull order for our men, and after
+that our army was more plentifully relieued.
+
+The third day we lodged our army in three sundry villages, the one
+battalion lying in Exarama de los Caualleros, another in Exarama do Obispo,
+and the third in San Sebastian.
+
+Captaine Yorke who commanded the Generals horse company, in this march made
+triall of the valour of the horsemen of the enemy; who by one of his
+Corporals charged with eight horses thorow 40 of them, and himselfe thorow
+more than 200 with forty horses: who would abide him no longer then they
+could make way from him.
+
+The next day we marched to Lores, and had diuers intelligences that the
+enemy would tary vs there: for the Cardinall had made publique promise to
+them of Lisbon, that he would fight with vs in that place, which he might
+haue done aduantageously; for we had a bridge to passe ouer in the same
+place: but before our comming he dislodged, notwithstanding it appeared
+vnto vs that he had in purpose to encampe there; for we found the ground
+staked out where their trenches should haue bene made: and their horsemen
+with some few shot shewed themselues vpon an hill at our comming into that
+village; whom Sir Henry Norris (whose regiment had the point of the
+vantgard) thought to draw vnto some fight, and therefore marched without
+sound of drumme, and somewhat faster then ordinary, thereby to get neere
+them, before he were discouered, for he was shadowed from them by an hil
+that was betweene him and them: but before he could draw his companies any
+thing neere, they retired.
+
+General Drakes regiment that night, for the commodity of good lodging, drew
+themselues into a village, more than one English mile from thence, and
+neere the enemy: who not daring to do any thing against vs in foure dayes
+before, tooke that occasion, and in the next morning fell downe vpon that
+regiment, crying, Viua el Rey Don Antonio, which was a generall salutation
+thorow all the Countrey, as they came: whom our yoong shouldiers (though it
+were vpon their guard, and before the watch was discharged) began to
+entertaine kindly, but hauing got within their guard, they fell to cut
+their throats: but the alarme being taken inwards, the officers of the two
+next Companies, whose Captaines (Captaine Sydnam and Captaine Young) were
+lately dead at the Groine, brought downe their colours and pikes vpon them
+in so resolute manner, as they presently draue them to retire with losse:
+they killed of ours at their first entrance foarteene, and hurt sixe or
+seuen.
+
+The next day we lodged at Aluelana within three miles of Lisbon, where many
+of our souldiers drinking in two places of standing waters by the way were
+poisoned, and thereon presently; died. Some do think it came rather by
+eating hony, which they found in the houses plentifully. But whether it
+were by water or by hony, the poor men were poisoned.
+
+That night the Earle of Essex, and Sir Rodger Williams went out about
+eleuen of the clock with 1000 men to lie in ambuscade neere the town, and
+hauing layed the same very neere, sent some to giue the alarme vnto the
+enemy: which was well performed by them that had the charge thereof, but
+the enemy refused to issue after them, so as the Earle returned assone as
+it was light without doing any thing, though he had in purpose, and was
+ready to haue giuen an honourable charge on them.
+
+The 25 of May in the evening we came to the suburbs of Lisbon at the very
+entrance whereof Sir Rodger Williams calling Captaine Anthony Wingfield
+with him, tooke thirty shot or thereabouts, and first scowred all the
+streets till they came very neere the town; where they found none but old
+folks and beggars, crying, Viua el Rey Don Antonio, and the houses shut vp:
+for they had caried much of their wealth into the towne, and had fired some
+houses by the water side, full of corne and other prouisions of victuals,
+least we should be benefited thereby, but yet left behinde them great
+riches in many houses.
+
+The foure regiments that had the vantgard that day, which were Colonell
+Deuereux, Sir Edward Norris, Colonell Sidneys, and Generall Drakes (whom I
+name as they marched) the Colonell generall caused to hold guard in the
+neerest street of the Suburbs: the battell and arreward stood in armes all
+the night in the field neere to Alcantara. Before morning Captaine
+Wingfield, by direction from the Colonell generall Sir Roger Williams, held
+guard with Sir Edward Norris his regiment in three places very neere the
+town wall, and so held the same till the other regiments came in the
+morning. About midnight they within the towne burnt all their houses that
+stood upon their wall either within or without, least we possessing them,
+might thereby greatly haue annoyed the towne.
+
+The next morning Sir Roger Williams attempted (but not without peril) to
+take a church called S. Antonio, which ioyned to the wall of the towne, and
+would haue bene a very euill neighbor to the towne: but the enemy hauing
+more easie entry into it then we gained it before vs. The rest of that
+morning was spent in quartering the battell and arrereward in the Suburbs
+called Bona Vista, and in placing Musquetiers in houses, to front their
+shot vpon the wall, who from the same scowred the great streets very
+dangerously.
+
+By this time our men being thorowly weary with our six days march, and the
+last nights watch, were desirous of rest; whereof the enemy being
+aduertised, about one or two of the clocke sallied out of the towne, and
+made their approach in three seuerall streets vpon vs, but chiefly in
+Colonell Brets quarter: who (as most of the army was) being at rest, with
+as much speed as he could, drew his men to armes, and made head against
+them so thorowly, as himselfe was slaine in the place, Captaine Carsey shot
+thorow the thigh, of which hurt he died within foure dayes after, Captaine
+Carre slaine presently, and Captaine Caue hurt (but not mortally) who were
+all of his regiment.
+
+This resistance made aswell here, as in other quarters where Colonell Lane
+and Colonell Medkerk commanded, put them to a sudden foule retreat;
+insomuch, as the Earle of Essex had the chase of them euen to the gates of
+the towne, wherein they left behinde them many of their best Commanders:
+their troupe of horsemen also came out, but being charged by Captaine
+Yorke, withdrew themselues again. Many of them also left the streets, and
+betooke them to houses which they found open: for the Sergeant maior
+Captaine Wilson slew with his owne hands three or foure, and caused them
+that were with him to kill many others. Their losse I can assure you did
+triple ours, as well in quality as in quantity.
+
+During our march to this place, Generall Drake with the whole fleet was
+come into Cascais, and possessed the towne without any resistance: many of
+the inhabitants at their discouery of our nauy, fledde with their baggage
+into the mountaines, and left the towne for any man that would possesse it,
+till Generall Drake sent vnto them by a Portugall Pilot which he had on
+boord, to offer them all peaceable kindnesse, so farre foorth as they would
+accept of their King, and minister necessaries to all the army he had
+brought; which offer they ioyfully imbraced, and presently sent two chiefe
+men of their towne, to signifie their loyalty to Don Antonio, and their
+honest affections to our people. Whereupon the Generall landed his
+companies not farre from the Cloister called San Domingo, but not without
+perill of the shot of the castle, which being guarded by 65 Spaniards, held
+still against him.
+
+As our fleet were casting ancre when the camne first into that road, there
+was a small ship of Brasil that came from thence, which bare with them, and
+seemed by striking her sailes, as though she would also haue ancred: but
+taking her fittest occasion hoised againe, and would haue passed vp the
+riuer, but the Generall presently discerning her purpose, sent out a
+pinnesse or two after her, which forced her in such sort, as she ran
+herselfe upon the Rocks: all the men escaped out of her, and the lading
+(being many chests of sugar) was made nothing woorth, by the salt water. In
+his going thither also, he tooke ships of the port of Portugall, which were
+sent from thence, with fifteene other from Pedro Vermendes Xantes Sergeant
+maior of the same place, laden with men and victuals to Lisbon: the rest
+that escaped put into Setuuel.
+
+The next day it pleased Generall Norris to call all the Colonels together,
+and to aduise with them, whether it were more expedient to tary there to
+attend the forces of the Portugall horse and foot, whereof the King had
+made promise, and to march some conueuient number to Cascais to fetch our
+artillery and munition, which was all at our ships, sauing that which for
+the necessity of the seruice was brought along with vs: whereunto, some
+caried away with the vaine hope of Don Antonio, that most part of the towne
+stood for vs, held it best to make our abode there, and to send some 3000
+for our artillery; promising to themselues, that the enemy being wel beaten
+the day before, would make no more sallies: some others (whose vnbeliefe
+was very strong of any hope from the Portugall) perswaded rather to march
+wholly away, then to be any longer carried away with the opinion of things,
+whereof there was so little appearance. The Generall not willing to leaue
+any occasion of blotte to be layed vpon him for his speedy going from
+thence, nor to lose any more time by attending the hopes of Don Antonio;
+tolde them that though the expedition of Portugall were not the onely
+purpose of their iourney, but an aduenture therein (which if it succeeded
+prosperously, might make them sufficiently rich, and woonderfull
+honourable) and that they had done so much already in triall thereof, as
+what end soeuer happened, could nothing impaire their credits: yet in
+regard of the Kings last promise, that he should haue that night 3000 men
+armed of his owne Countrey, he would not for that night dislodge. And if
+they came thereby to make him so strong, that he might send the like number
+for his munition, he would resolue to trie his fortune for the towne. But
+if they came not, he found it not conuenient to diuide his forces, by
+sending any to Cascais, and keeping a remainder behinde, sithence he saw
+them the day before so boldly sally vpon his whole army, and knew that they
+were stronger of Souldiours armed within the towne, then he was without:
+and that before our returne could be from Cascais, they expected more
+supplies from all places, of Souldiours: for the Duke of Bragança, and Don
+Francisco de Toledo were looked for with great reliefe. Whereupon his
+conclusion was, that if the 3000 promised came not that night, to march
+wholly away the next morning.
+
+It may be here demanded, why a matter of so great moment should be so
+slenderly regarded, as that the Generall should march with such an army
+against such an enemy, before he knew either the fulnesse of his owne
+strength, or certaine meanes how he should abide the place when he should
+come to it. Wherein I pray you remember the Decrees made in the Councell at
+Peniche, and confirmed by publique protestation the first day of our march,
+that our nauy should meet vs in the riuer of Lisbon, in the which was the
+store of all our prouisions, and so the meane of our tariance in that
+place, which came not, though we continued till we had no munition left to
+entertaine a very small fight. We are also to consider, that the King of
+Portugall (whether carried away with imagination by the aduertisements he
+receiued from the Portugals, or willing by any promise to bring such an
+army into his Countrey, thereby to put his fortune once more in triall)
+assured the Generall, that vpon his first landing, there would be a reuolt
+of his subiects: whereof there was some hope giuen at our first entry to
+Peniche, by the maner of the yeelding of that towne and fort, which made
+the Generall thinke it most conuenient speedily to march to the principall
+place, thereby to giue courage to the rest of the Countrey. The Friers also
+and the poore people that came vnto him, promised, that within two dayes
+the gentlemen and others of the Countrey would come plentifully in: within
+which two dayes came many more Priests, and some very few gentlemen on
+horsebacke; but not til we came to Torres Vedras: where they that noted the
+course of things how they passed, might somewhat discouer the weaknesse of
+that people. There they tooke two dayes more: and at the end thereof
+referred him till our comming to Lisbon, with assurance, that so soone as
+our army should be seene there, all the inhabitants would be for the King
+and fall vpon the Spaniards.
+
+After two nights tariance at Lisbon, the King, as you haue heard, promised
+a supply of 3000 foot, and some horse: but all his appointments being
+expired, euen to the last of a night, all his horse could not make a cornet
+of 40, nor his foot furnish two ensignes fully, although they caried three,
+or foure colours: and these were altogether such as thought to inrich
+themselues by the ruine of their neighbours: for they committed more
+disorders in euery place where we came by spoile, then any of our owne.
+
+The Generall, as you see, hauing done more then before his comming out of
+England was required by the King, and giuen credit to his many promises,
+euen to the breach of the last, he desisted not to perswade him to stay yet
+nine dayes longer: in which time he might haue engaged himselfe further,
+then with any honour he could come out of againe, by attempting a towne
+fortified, wherein were more men armed against vs, then we had to oppugne
+them withall, our artillery and munition being fifteene miles from vs, and
+our men then declining; for there was the first shew of any great
+sickenesse amongst them. Whereby it seemeth, that either his prelacy did
+much abuse him in perswading him to hopes, whereof after two or three dayes
+he saw no semblance: or he like a silly louer, who promiseth himselfe fauor
+by importuning a coy mistresse, thought by our long being before his towne,
+that in the end taking pity on him, they would let him in.
+
+What end the Friers had by following him with such deuotion, I know not,
+but sure I am, the Laity did respite their homage till they might see which
+way the victory would sway; fearing to shew themselues apparently vnto him,
+least the Spaniard should after our departure (if we preuailed not) call
+them to account: yet sent they vnder hand messages to him of obedience,
+thereby to saue their owne, if he became King; but indeed very well
+contented to see the Spaniards and vs try by blowes, who should carry away
+the crowne. For they be of so base a mould, as they can very wel subiect
+themselues to any gouernment, where they may liue free from blowes, and
+haue liberty to become rich, being loth to endure hazzard either of life or
+goods. For durst they haue put on any minds thorowly to reuolt, they had
+three woonderfull good occasions offered them during our being there.
+
+Themselues did in generall confesse, that there were not aboue 5000
+Spaniards in that part of the Countrey, of which number the halfe were out
+of the towne till the last day of our march: during which time, how easily
+they might haue preuailed against the rest, any man may conceiue. But vpon
+our approch they tooke them all in, and combined themselues in generall to
+the Cardinall.
+
+The next day after our comming thither, when the sally was made vpon vs by
+their most resolute Spaniards, how easily might they haue kept them out, or
+haue giuen vs the gate which was held for their retreat, if they had had
+any thought thereof?
+
+And two dayes after our comming to Cascais, when 6000 Spaniards and
+Portugals came against vs as farre as S. Iulians by land, as you shal
+presently heare (all which time I thinke there were not many Spaniards left
+in the towne) they had a more fit occasion to shew their deuotion to the
+King, then any could be offered by our tarying there. And they could not
+doubt, that if they had shut them out, but that we would haue fought with
+them vpon that aduantage, hauing sought them in Galitia vpon disaduantage
+to beat them: and hauing taken so much paines to seeke them at their owne
+houses, whereof we gaue sufficient testimony in the same accident. But I
+thinke the feare of the Spaniard had taken so deepe impression within them,
+as they durst not attempt any thing against them vpon any hazzard.
+
+For, what ciuill countrey hath euer suffered themselues to be conquered so
+few men as they were; to be depriued of their naturall King, and to be
+tyrannized ouer thus long, but they? And what countrey, liuing in slauery
+vnder a stranger whom they naturally hate, hauing an army in the field to
+fight for them and their liberty, would lie still with the yoke vpon their
+necks, attending if any strangers would vnburthen them, without so much as
+rousing themselues vnder it, but they? They will promise much in speeches,
+for they be great talkers, whom the Generall had no reason to distrust
+without triall, and therefore marched on into their countrey: but they
+performed little in action, whereof we could haue had no proofe without
+this thorow triall. Wherein he hath discouered their weaknesse, and
+honorably performed more then could be in reason expected of him: which had
+he not done, would not these maligners, who seeke occasions of slander,
+haue reported him to be suspicious of a people, of whose infidelity he had
+no testimony: and to be fearefull without cause, if he had refused to giue
+credit to their promises without any aduenture? Let no friuolous
+questionist therefore further enquire why he marched so many dayes to
+Lisbon, and taried there so small a while.
+
+The next morning, seeing no performance of promise kept, he gaue order for
+our marching away; himselfe, the Earle of Essex, and Sir Roger Williams
+remaining with the stand that was made in the high street, till the whole
+army was drawen into the field, and marched out of the towne, appointing
+Captaine Richard wingfield, and Captaine Anthony Wingfield in the
+arrereward of them with the shot; thinking that the enemy (as it was most
+likely) would haue issued out vpon our rising; but they were otherwise
+aduised. When we were come into the field, euery battalion fell into that
+order which by course appertained vnto them, and so marched that night vnto
+Cascais. Had we marched thorow this Countrey as enemies, our Souldiours had
+beene well supplied in all their wants: but had we made enemies of the
+Suburbs of Lisbon, we had beene the richest army that euer went out of
+England: for besides the particular wealth of euery house, there were many
+Warehouses by the water side full of all sorts of rich marchandizes.
+
+In our march that day the gallies which had somewhat, but not much, annoyed
+vs at Lisbon, (for that our way lay along the riuer) attended vs till we
+were past S. Iulians, bestowing many shot amongst vs, but did no harme at
+all, sauing that they strooke off a gentlemans legend, and killed the
+Sergeant majors moile vnder him. The horsemen also followed vs afarre off,
+and cut off as many sicke men as were not able to holde in marche, nor we
+had cariage for.
+
+After we had bene two dayes at Cascais, we had intelligence by a Frier,
+that the enemy was marching strongly towards vs, and then came as farre as
+S. Iulian: which newes was so welcome to the Earle of Essex and the
+Generals, as they offered euery one of them to giue the messenger an
+hundred crownes if they found them in the place; for the Generall desiring
+nothing more then to fight with them in field roome, dispatched that night
+a messenger with a trumpet, by whom he writ a cartell to the Generall of
+their army, wherein he gaue them the lie, in that it was by them reported
+that we dislodged from Lisbon in disorder and feare of them (which indeed
+was most false) for that it was fiue of the clocke in the morning before we
+fell into armes, and then went in such sort, as they had no courage to
+follow out vpon vs. Also he challenged him therein, to meet him the next
+morning with his whole army, if he durst attend his comming, and there to
+try out the iustnesse of their quarrel by battell: by whom also the Earle
+of Essex (who preferring the honor of the cause, which was his countreys,
+before his owne safety) sent a particular cartel, offering himselfe against
+any of theirs, if they had any of his quality; or if they would not admit
+of that; sixe, eight, or tenne, or as many as they would appoint, should
+meet so many of theirs in the head of our battell to trie their fortunes
+with them; and that they should haue assurance of their returne and
+honourable intreaty.
+
+The Generall accordingly made all his army ready by three of the clocke in
+the morning and marched euen to the place where they had encamped, but they
+were dislodged in the night in great disorder, being taken with a sudden
+feare that we had bene come vpon them, as the Generall was the next day
+certainely informed: so as the Trumpet followed them to Lisbon, but could
+not get other answere to either of his letters, but threatening to be
+hanged, for daring to bring such a message. Howbeit the Generall had caused
+to be written vpon the backside of their passport, that if they did offer
+any violence vnto the messengers, he would hang the best prisoners he had
+of theirs: which made them to aduise better of the matter, and to returne
+them home; but without answere.
+
+After our army came to Cascais, and the castle summoned, the Castellan
+thereof granted, that vpon fiue or sixe shot of the canon he would deliuer
+the same, but not without sight thereof. The Generall thinking that his
+distresse within had bene such for want of men or victuals as he could not
+holde it many dayes, because he saw it otherwise defensible enough,
+determined rather to make him yeeld to that necessity then to bring the
+cannon, and therefore onely set a gard vpon the same, lest any supply of
+those things which he wanted should be brought vnto them. But he still
+standing vpon those conditions, the Generall about two dayes before he
+determined to goe to Sea, brought three or foure pieces of battery against
+it: vpon the first fire whereof he surrendered, and compounded to go away
+with his baggage and armies; he had one canon, two culuerings, one
+basiliske, and three or foure other field pieces, threescore and fiue
+Souldiours, very good store of munition and victualles enough in the
+Castle: insomuch as he might haue held the same longer then the Generall
+had in purpose to tarry there. One company of footmen was put into the
+guard thereof, till the artillery was taken out, and our army embarked;
+which without hauing that fort, we could not without great peril haue done.
+When we were ready to set saile (one halfe of the fort being by order from
+the Generall blowen vp by mine) the company was drawne away.
+
+During the time we lay in the road, our fleet began the second of Iune, and
+so continued sixe dayes after to fetch in some hulks to the number of
+threescore, of Dansik, Stetin, Rostock, Lubeck and Hamburgh, laden with
+Spanish goods, and as it seemed for the kings prouision, and going for
+Lisbon: their principall lading was Corne, Masts, Cables, Copper, and waxe:
+amongst which were some of great burthen woonderful well builded for
+sailing, which had no great lading in them, and therefore it was thought
+that they were brought for the kings prouision, to reinforce his decayed
+nauy: whereof there was the greater likelyhood, in that the owner of the
+greatest of them which caried two misnes, was knowen to be very inward with
+the Cardinall, who rather then he would be taken with his ships, committed
+himself vnto his small boat, wherein he recouered S. Sebastians: into the
+which our men, that before were in flieboats, were shipped, and the
+flieboats sent home with an offer of corne, to the value of their hire. But
+the winde being good for them for Rochel, they chuse rather to lose their
+corne then the winde, and so departed. The Generall also sent his horses
+with them, and from thence shipped them into England.
+
+The third of Iune, Colonell Deuereux and Colonell Sidney, being both very
+sicke, departed for England, who in the whole iourney had shewed themselues
+very forward to all seruices, and in their departure very vnwilling to
+leave vs: that day we imbarked all our army, but lay in the road vntill the
+eight thereof.
+
+The sixt day the Earle of Essex, vpon receit of letters from her Maiesty,
+by them that brought in the victuals, presently departed towards England,
+with whom Sir Roger Williams was very desirous to go, but found the
+Generalls very vnwilling he should do so, in that he bare the next place
+vnto them, and if they should miscarry, was to command the army. And the
+same day there came vnto vs two small barks that brought tidings of some
+other shippes come out of England with victuals, which were passed vpwards
+to the Cape: for meeting with whom, the second day after we set saile for
+that place, in purpose after our meeting with them to go with the Iles of
+Açores, the second day, which was the ninth, we met with them comming backe
+againe towards vs, whose prouision little answered our expectation.
+Notwithstanding we resolued to continue our course for the Ilands.
+
+About this time was the Marchant Royall, with three or foure other ships,
+sent to Peniche, to fetch away the companies that were left there; but
+Captaine Barton hauing receiued letters from the Generals that were sent
+ouerland, was departed before not being able by reason of the enemies
+speedy marching thither either to bring away the artillery, or all his men,
+according to the direction those letters gaue him; for he was no sooner
+gone than the enemy possessed both town and castle, and shot at our ships
+as they came into the road.
+
+At this time also was the Ambassador from the Emperor of Marocco, called
+Reys Hamet Bencasamp, returned, and with him M. Ciprian, a gentleman of
+good place and desert, was sent from Don Antonio, and Captaine Ousley from
+the Generals to the Emperor.
+
+The next morning the nine gallies which were sent not fiue dayes before out
+of Andaluzia for the strengthening of the riuer of Lisbon (which being
+ioyned with the other twelue that were there before, though we lay hard by
+them at S. Iulians, durst neuer make any attempt against vs) vpon our
+departure from thence returning home, and in the morning being a very dead
+calme, in the dawning thereof, fell in the winde of our fleet, in the
+vttermost part whereof they assailed one stragling barke of Plimmouth, of
+the which Captaine Cauerly being Captaine of the land company, with his
+Lieutenant, the Master and some of the Mariners abandoned the ship, and
+betooke them to ship-boats, whereof one, in which the Master and Captaine
+were, was ouerrunne with the gallies, and they drowned. There were also two
+hulks stragled farre from the strength of the other ships, which were so
+calmed, as neither they could get to vs, or we to them, though all the
+great shippes towed with their boats to haue releiued them, but could not
+be recouered; in one of which was Captaine Minshaw with his company, who
+fought with them to the last, yea after his ship was on fire, which whether
+it was fired by himselfe or by them we could not well discerne, but might
+easily iudge by his long and good fight, that the enemy could not but
+sustaine much loose: who setting also vpon one other hulke wherein was but
+a Lieutenant, were by the valour of the Lieutenant put off although they
+had first beaten her with their artillery, and attempted to boord her. And
+seeing also another hulke a league off, a sterne off vs, they made towards
+her; but finding that she made ready to fight with them, they durst not
+further attempt her: whereby it seemed, their losse being great in other
+fights, they were loth to proceed any further.
+
+From that day till the 19 of Iune, our direction from the Generall was,
+that if the wind were Northerly, we should plie for the Açores; but if
+Southerly, for the Iles of Bayon. We lay with contrary windes, about that
+place and the Rocke, till the Southerly winde preuailing carried vs to
+Bayon: part of our ships to the number of 25, in a great winde which was
+two dayes before, hauing lost the Admirals and the fleet, according to
+their direction, fell in the morning of that day with Bayon, among whom was
+Sir Henry Norris in the Ayde; who had in purpose (if the Admirals had not
+come in) with some 500 men out of them all to haue landed, and attempted
+the taking of Vigo. The rest of the fleet held with Generall Drake, who
+though he were two dayes before put vpon those Ilands, cast off againe to
+sea for the Açores: but remembering how vnprouided he was for iourney and
+seeing that he had lost company of his great ships, returned for Bayon, and
+came in there that night in the euening where he passed vp the riuer more
+than a mile aboue Vigo.
+
+[Sidenote: Vigo taken.] The next morning we landed as many as were able to
+fight, which were not in the whole aboue 2000 men (for in the 17 dayes we
+continued on boord we had cast many of our men ouerboord) with which number
+the Colonell generall marched to the towne of Vigo, neere the which when he
+approched, he sent Captaine Anthony Wingfield with a troupe of shot to
+enter one side of the same, who found vpon euery streets end a strong
+barricade, but altogether abandoned; for hauing entered the towne, he found
+but one man therein, but might see them making way before him to Bayon. On
+the other side of the towne entred Generall Drake with Captaine Richard
+Wingfield, whose approch on that side (I thinke) made them leaue the places
+they had so artificially made for defence: there were also certaine shippes
+sent with the Vice-admirall to lie close before the towne to beat vpon the
+same with their artillery.
+
+In the afternoone were sent 300 vnder the conduct of Captaine Petuin and
+Captaine Henry Poure, to burne another village betwixt that and Bayon,
+called Borsis, and as much of the country as the day would giue them leaue
+to do; which was a very pleasant rich valley: but they burnt it all, houses
+and corne, as did others on the other side of the towne, both that and the
+next day, so as the countrey was spoiled seuen or eight miles in length.
+There was found great store of wine in the towne, but not any thing els:
+for the other dayes warning of the shippes that came first in, gaue them a
+respit to cary all away.
+
+[Sidenote: Vigo burned.] The next morning by breake of the day the Colonell
+generall (who in the absence of the Generalls that were on boord their
+ships, commanded that night on shore) caused all our companies to be drawen
+out of the towne, and sent in two troups to put fire in euery house of the
+same: which done, we imbarked againe.
+
+This day there were certaine Mariners which (without any direction) put
+themselues on shore, on the contrary side of the riuer from vs for pillage;
+who were beaten by the enemy from their boats, and punished by the Generals
+for their offer, in going without allowance.
+
+The reasons why we attempted nothing against Bayon were before shewed to be
+want of artillery, and may now be alledged to be the small number of our
+men: who should haue gone against so strong a plade, manned with very good
+souldiers, as was shewed by Iuan de Vera taken at the Groine, who confessed
+that there were sixe hundred olde Souldiers in garrison there of Flanders,
+and the Tercios of Naples, lately also returned out of the iourney of
+England,
+
+Vnder the leading of
+
+Capitan Puebla,
+Christofero Vasques de Viralta a souldier of Flanders.
+Don Pedro Camascho, del tercio de Napoles.
+Don Francisco de Cespedes.
+Cap. Iuan de Solo, del tercio de Naples.
+Don Diego de Cassaua.
+Cap. Sauban.
+
+Also he sayth there be 18 pieces of brasse, and foure of yron, lately layed
+vpon the walles of the towne, besides them that were there before.
+
+The same day the Generals seeing what weake estate our army was drawn into
+by sicknesse, determined to man and victuall twenty of the best ships for
+the Ilands of Açores with Generall Drake, to see if he could meet with the
+Indian fleet, and Generall Norris to returne home with the rest: And for
+the shifting of men and victualles accordingly, purposed the next morning
+to fall downe to the Ilands of Bayon againe, and to remaine there that day.
+But Generall Drake, according to their apointment, being vnder saile neuer
+strooke at the Ilands, but put straight to sea; whom all the fleet followed
+sauing three and thirty, which being in the riuer further then he, and at
+the entrance out of the same, finding the winde and tide too hard against
+them, were inforced to cast ancre there for that night; amongst whom, by
+good fortune, was the Foresight, and in her Sir Edward Norris. And the
+night folowing, Generall Norris being driuen from the rest of the Fleet by
+a great storme, (for all that day was the greatest storme we had all the
+time we were out) came againe into the Ilands, but not without great
+perill, he being forced to trust to a Spanish Fisherman (who was taken two
+dayes before at sea) to bring him in.
+
+The next morning he called a council of as many as he found there, holding
+the purpose he had concluded with sir Francis Drake the day before, and
+directed all their courses for England, tarrying there all that day to
+water and helpe such with victuall, as were left in wonderfull distresse by
+hauing the victuals that came last, caried away the day before to sea.
+
+[Sidenote: Their returne to Plimmouth.] The next day he set saile, and the
+l0 day after, which was the 2 of Iuly came into Plimmouth, where he found
+sir Francis Drake and all the Queens ships, with many of the others but not
+all; for the Fleet was dispersed into other harbors, some led by a desire
+of returning from whence they came, and some being possessed of the hulks
+sought other Ports from their Generals eie, where they might make their
+priuate commoditie of them, as they haue done to their great aduantage.
+
+Presently vpon their arriual there, the Generals dissolued all the armie
+sauing 8 companies which are yet held together, giuing euery souldier fiue
+shillings in money, and the armies hee bare to make money of, which was
+more then could by any means be due vnto them: for they were not in seruice
+three moneths, in which time they had their victuals, which no man would
+value at lesse then halfe their pay, for such is the allowance in her
+maiesties ships to her mariners, so as there remained but 10 shillings a
+moneth more to be paid, for which there was not any priuate man but had
+apparel and furniture to his owne vse, so as euery common souldier
+discharged, receiued more in money, victuals, apparel and furniture, then
+his pay did amount vnto.
+
+Notwithstanding, there be euen in the same place where those things haue
+passed, that either do not or will not conceiue the souldiers estate, by
+comparing their pouertie and the shortness of the time together, but lay
+some iniuries vpon the Generals and the action. Where, and by the way, but
+especially here in London, I find there haue bene some false prophets gone
+before vs, telling strange tales. For as our countrey doeth bring foorth
+many gallant men, who desirous of honour doe put themselues into the
+actions thereof, so doeth it many more dull spirited, who though their
+thoughts reach not so high as others, yet doe they listen how other mens
+acts doe passe, and either beleeuing what any man will report vnto them,
+are willingly caried away into errors, or tied to some greater mans faith,
+become secretaries against a noted trueth. The one sort of these doe take
+their opinions from the high way side, or at the furthest go no further
+then Pauls to enquire what hath bene done in this voiage; where if they
+meet with any, whose capacitie before their going out could not make them
+liue, nor their valour maintaine their reputation, and who went onely for
+spoile, complaining on the hardnesse and misery thereof, they thinke they
+are bound to giue credite to these honest men who were parties therein, and
+in very charitie become of their opinions. The others to make good the
+faction they had entred into, if they see any of those malecontents (as
+euery iourney yeeldeth some) doe runne vnto them like tempting spirits to
+confirme them in their humour, with assurance that they foresaw before our
+going out what would become thereof.
+
+Be ye not therefore too credulous in beleeuing euery report: for you see
+there haue bene many more beholders of these things that haue passed, then
+actors in the same; who by their experience, not hauing the knowledge of
+the ordinary wants of the warre, haue thought, that to lie hard, not to
+haue their meat well dressed, to drinke sometimes water, to watch much, or
+to see men die and be slaine, was a miserable thing; and not hauing so
+giuen their mindes to the seruice, as they are any thing instructed
+thereby, doe for want of better matter discourse ordinarily of these
+things: whereas the iourney (if they had with that iudgement seene into it,
+which their places required) hath giuen them far more honorable purpose and
+argument of discourse.
+
+[Sidenote: A worthy question dilated.] These mens discontentments and
+mislikings before our comming home haue made mee labour thus much to
+instruct you in the certaintie of euery thing, because I would not
+willingly haue you miscaried in the indgements of them, wherein you shall
+giue me leaue somewhat to dilate vpon a question, which I onely touched in
+the beginning of my letter, namely, whether it bee more expedient for our
+estate to maintain an offensiue war against the king of Spaine in the Low
+countries, or as in this iourney, to offend him in his neerer territories,
+seeing the grounds of arguing thereof are taken from the experience which
+the actions of this iourney haue giuen vs.
+
+There is no good subiect that will make question, whether it be behoofeful
+for vs to hold friendship with these neighbours of ours or no, as well in
+respect of the infinite proportion of their shipping, which must stand
+either with vs or against vs; as of the commoditie of their harbors,
+especially that of Vlishing, by the fauour whereof our Nauie may
+continually keepe the Narrow seas, and which would harbour a greater Fleete
+agaynst vs, then the Spaniard shall need to annoy vs withall, who being now
+distressed by our common enemie, I thinke it most expedient for our safetie
+to defend them, and if it may be, to giue them a reentrie into that they
+haue of late yeeres lost vnto him. The one without doubt her maiestie may
+do without difficultie, and in so honorable sort as he shal neuer be able
+to dispossesse her or them of any the townes they now hold. But if any man
+thinke that the Spaniard may be expelled from thence more speedily or
+conueniently by keeping an armie there, then by sending one against him
+into his owne countrey: let him foresee of how many men and continuall
+supplies that armie must consist, and what intollerable expenses it
+requireth. And let him thinke by the example of the duke of Alua, when the
+prince of Orenge had his great armie agaynst him; and of Don Iuan, when the
+States had their mightie assembly against him; how this wise enemie, with
+whom we are to deale, may but by prolonging to fight with vs, leaue vs
+occasions enough for our armie within few moneths to mutine and breake; or
+by keeping him in his townes leaue vs a spoyled field: where though our
+prouision may bee such of our owne as we starue ['staure' in source
+text--KTH] not, yet is our weaknesse in any strange country such, as with
+sicknes and miserie we shal be dissolued. And let him not forget what a
+continual burthen we hereby lay vpon vs, in that to repossesse those
+countreys which have been lately lost, wil be a warre of longer continuance
+then we shall be able to endure.
+
+In the very action whereof, what should hinder the king of Spaine to bring
+his forces home vnto vs? For it is certaine he hath long since set downe in
+councell, that there is no way for him wholy to recouer those Low
+countries, but by bringing the warre vpon England it selfe, which hath
+alwayes assisted them against him: and that being determined, and whereunto
+he hath bene vehemently urged by the last yeeres losse he sustained vpon
+our coasts, and the great dishonor this iourney hath laid vpon him; no
+doubt if we shall giue him respite to doe it, but he will mightily advance
+his purpose, for he is richly able thereunto, and wonderfull desirous of
+reuenge.
+
+To encounter wherewith, I wish euen in true and honest zeale to my
+Countrey, that we were all perswaded that there is no such assured meanes
+for the safetie of our estate, as to busy him with a well furnished armie
+in Spaine, which hath so many goodly Bayes open, as we may land without
+impeachment as many men as shall be needfull for such an inuasion. And
+hauing an armie of 20000 roially furnished there, we shall not need to take
+much care for their payment: for shal not Lisbon be thought able to make so
+few men rich, when the Suburbs thereof were found so abounding in riches,
+as had we made enemie of them, they had largely enriched vs all? Which with
+what small losse it may be won, is not here to shew; but why it was not won
+by vs, I haue herein shewed you. Or is not the spoyle of Siuil sufficient
+to pay more then shall bee needful to bee sent against it, whose defence
+(as that of Lisbone) is onely force of men, of whom how many may for the
+present be raised, is not to be esteemed, because wee haue discouered what
+kind of men they be, euen such as will neuer abide ours in field, nor dare
+withstand any resolute attempt of ours agaynst them: for during the time we
+were in many places of their countrey, they cannot say that euer they made
+20 of our men turne their faces from them. And be there not many other
+places of lesse difficultie to spoyle, able to satisfie our forces?
+
+But admit, that if vpon this alarme that we haue giuen him, he tendering
+his naturall and neerest soile before his further remooued off gouernments,
+do draw his forces of old souldiers out of the Low countreys for his owne
+defence, is not the victory then won by drawing and holding them from
+thence, for the which we should haue kept an armie there at a charge by
+many partes greater then this, and not stirred them?
+
+Admit further our armie be impeached from landing there, yet by keeping the
+Sea and possessing his principall roades, are we not in possibilitie to
+meet with his Indian merchants, and very like to preuent him of his
+prouisions comming out of the East countreys; without the which, neither
+the subiect of Lisbon is long able to liue, nor the king able to maintaine
+his Nauie? For though the countrey of Portugall doe some yeeres find
+themselues corne, yet are they neuer able to victuall the least part of
+that Citie. And albeit the king of Spaine be the richest prince in
+Christendome, yet can he neither draw cables, hewe masts, nor make pouder
+out of his mettals, but is to be supplied of them all from thence. Of whom
+(some will hold opinion) it is no reason to make prize, because they bee
+not our enemies: and that our disagreeance with them will impeach the trade
+of our marchants, and so impouerish our countrey, of whose mind I can
+hardly be drawen to be: For if my enemie fighting with me doe breake his
+sword, so as I thereby haue the aduantage against him; what shall I thinke
+of him that putteth a new sword into his hand to kill me withall? And may
+it not bee thought more fitting for vs in these times to loose our trades
+of Cloth, then by suffering these mischiefes, to put in hazard whether we
+shall haue a countrey left to make cloth in or no? And yet though neither
+Hamburgh, Embden, nor Stode doe receiue our cloth, the necessary vse
+thereof in all places is such, as they will find means to take it from vs
+with our sufficient commoditie.
+
+And admit (which were impossible) that we damnifie him neither at sea nor
+land (for vnlesse it be with a much more mightie armie then ours, he shall
+neuer be able to withstand vs) yet shall we by holding him at his home,
+free our selues from the warre at our owne wals; the benefit whereof let
+them consider that best can iudge, and haue obserued the difference of
+inuading, and being inuaded; the one giuing courage to the souldier, in
+that it doeth set before him commoditie and reputation; the other a
+fearefull terror to the countrey-man, who if by chance he play the man yet
+is he neuer the richer: and who knowing many holes to hide himselfe in,
+will trie them all before he put his life in perill by fighting: whereas
+the Inuader casteth vp his account before hee goeth out, and being abroad
+must fight to make himselfe way, as not knowing what place or strength to
+trust vnto. I will not say what I obserued in our countrey-men when the
+enemy offred to assaile vs here: but I wish that all England knew what
+terror we gaue to the same people that frighted vs, by visiting them at
+their owne houses.
+
+Were not Alexanders fortunes great against the mightie Darius, onely in
+that his Macedonians thirsted after the wealth of Persia, and were bound to
+fight it out to the last man, because the last man knew no safer way to
+saue himselfe then by fighting? Whereas the Persians either trusting to
+continue stil masters of their wealth by yeelding to the Inuader, began to
+practise against their owne king: or hauing more inward hopes, did hide
+themselues euen to the last, to see what course the Conquerour would take
+in his Conquest. And did not the aduise of Scipio, though mightily impugned
+at the first, prooue very sound and honourable to his countrey? Who seeing
+the Romans wonderfully amazed at the neerenesse of their enemies Forces,
+and the losses they daily sustained by them, gaue counsell rather by way of
+diuersion to cary an army into Afrike, and there to assaile, then by a
+defensiue warre at home to remaine subiect to the common spoiles of an
+assailing enemie. Which being put in execution drew the enemie from the
+gates of Rome, and Scipio returned home with triumph: albeit his beginnings
+at the first were not so fortunate against them, as ours haue bene in this
+smal time against the Spaniard. The good successe whereof may encourage vs
+to take armes resolutely against him. And I beseech God it may stirre vp
+all men that are particularly interested therein, to bethinke themselues
+how small a matter will assure them of their safetie, by holding the
+Spaniard at a Baie, so farre off: whereas, if we giue him leaue quietly to
+hatch and bring foorth his preparations, it will be with danger to vs all.
+
+He taketh not armes against vs by any pretense of title to the crowne of
+this realme, nor led altogether with an ambicious desire to command our
+countrey, but with hatred towrrds our whole Nation and religion. Her
+maiesties Scepter is already giuen by Bull to another, the honours of our
+Nobilitie are bestowed for rewards vpon his attendants, our Clergie, our
+Gentlemen, our Lawyers, yea all the men of what conditon soeuer are offered
+for spoyle vnto the common souldier. Let euery man therefore, in defence of
+the liberty and plentie he hath of long enjoyed, offer a voluntarie
+contribution of the smallest part of their store for the assurance of the
+rest. It were not much for euery Iustice of peace, who by his blew coat
+proteceth the properest and most seuiceable men at euery muster from the
+warres, to contribute the charge that one of these idle men doe put him to
+for one yeere: nor for the Lawyer, who riseth by the dissensions of his
+neighbours, to take but one yeeres gifts (which they call fees) out of his
+coffers. What would it hinder euery officer of the Exchequer, and other of
+her Maiesties courts, who without checks doe suddenly grow to great wealth,
+honestly to bring foorth the mysticall commoditie of one yeeres profits? Or
+the Clergie, who looke precisely for the Tenths of euery mans increase,
+simply to bring forth the Tenth of one yeeres gathering, and in
+thankfulnesse to her Maiestie (who hath continued for all our safeties a
+most chargeable warre both at land & sea) bestow the same for her honor &
+their own assurance, vpon an army which may make this bloody enemy so to
+know himselfe and her Maiesties power, as he shall bethinke him what it is
+to mooue a stirring people? Who, though they haue receiued some small
+checke by the sicknesse of this last iourney, yet doubt I not, but if it
+were knowen, that the like voyage were to bee supported by a generalitie,
+(that might and would beare the charge of a more ample prouision) but there
+would of all sortes most willingly put themselues into the same: some
+caried with an honourable desire to be in action, and some in loue of such
+would affectionately folow their fortunes; some in thirsting to reuenge the
+death and hurts of their brethren, kinred, and friends: and some in hope of
+the plentifull spoyles to be found in those countreys, hauing bene there
+already and returned poore, would desire to goe againe, with an expectation
+to make amends for the last: and all, in hatred of that cowardly proud
+Nation, and in contemplation of the true honour of our owne, would with
+courage take armes to hazard their liues agaynst them, whom euery good
+Englishman is in nature bound to hate as an implacable enemie to England,
+thirsting after our blood, and labouring to ruine our land, with hope to
+bring vs vnder the yoke of perpetuall slauerie.
+
+Against them is true honour to be gotten, for that we shall no sooner set
+foot in their land, but that euery step we tread will yeeld vs new occasion
+of action, which I wish the gallantrie of our Countrey rather to regard
+then to folow those soft vnprofitable pleasures wherein they now consume
+their time and patrimonie. And in two or three townes of Spaine is the
+wealth of all Europe gathered together, which are the Magasins of the
+fruits and profits of the East and West Indies, whereunto I wish our yong
+able men, who (against the libertie they are borne vnto) terme themselues
+seruing men, rather to bend their desires and affections, then to attend
+their double liuerie and 40 shillings by the yeere wages, and the reuersion
+of the old Copy-hold, for carying a dish to their masters table. But let me
+here reprehend my selfe and craue pardon for entring into a matter of such
+state and consequence, the care whereof is already laid vpon a most graue
+and honorable counsell, who will in their wisdoms foresee the dangers that
+may be threatned agaynst vs. And why do I labour to disquiet the securitie
+of these happy gentlemen, and the trade of those honest seruing men, by
+perswading them to the warres when I see the profession thereof so
+slenderly esteemed? For though all our hope of peace be frustrate, and our
+quarels determinable by the sword: though our enemie hath by his owne
+forces, and his pensionaries industry, confined the united Prouinces into a
+narow roume, and almost disunited the same: if he be now in a good way to
+harbor himselfe, in the principall hauens of France, from whence he may
+front vs at pleasure: yea though we are to hope for nothing but a bloodie
+warre, nor can trust to any helpe but Armes; yet how far the common sort
+are from reuerencing or regarding any persons of condition, was too
+apparant in the returne of this our iourney, wherein the base and common
+souldier hath bene tollerated to speake against the Captaine, and the
+souldier and Captaine against the Generals, and wherein mechanicall and men
+of base condicion doe dare to censure the doings of them, of whose acts
+they are not woorthy to talke.
+
+The ancient graue degree of the Prelacie is vpheld, though Martin raile
+neuer so much, and the Lawyer is after the old maner worshipped, whosoeuer
+inueigh against him. But the ancient English honour is taken from our men
+of war, and their profession in disgrace, though neuer so necessary. Either
+we commit idolatry to Neptune, and will put him alone stil to fight for vs
+as he did the last yeere, or we be inchanted with some diuelish opinions,
+that trauell nothing more then to diminish the reputation of them, vpon
+whose shoulders the burden of our defence against the enemie must lie when
+occasion shall be offred. For whensoeuer he shall set foote vpon our land,
+it is neither the preaching of the Clergie that can turne him out againe,
+nor the pleading of any Lawyers that can remoue him out of possession: no,
+then they will honour them whom now they thinke not on, and then must those
+men stand betweene them and their perils, who are now thought vnwoorthy of
+any estimation.
+
+May the burning of one towne (which cost the king then being six times as
+much as this hath done her maiestie, wherein were lost seuen times as many
+men as in any one seruice of this iourney, and taried not the tenth part of
+our time in the enemies Countrey) be by our elders so highly reputed and
+sounded out by the historie of the Realme: and can our voyage be so meanly
+esteemed, wherein we burned both townes and Countreys without the losse of
+fortie men in any such attempt?
+
+Did our kings in former times reward some with the greatest titles of
+honour for ouerthrowing a number of poore Scots, who, after one battell
+lost, were neuer able to reenforce themselues against him; and shall they
+in this time who have ouerthrowen our mightie enemie in battell, and taken
+his roiall Standerd in the field, besieged the marquesse of Saralba 15
+dayes together, that should haue bene the Generall of the Armie against vs,
+brought away so much of his artillerie (as I haue before declared) be
+vnwoorthily esteemed of?
+
+It is possible that some in some times should receiue their reward for
+looking vpon an enemie, and ours in this time not receiue so much as thanks
+for hauing beaten an enemie at handie strokes?
+
+But is it true that no man shall bee a prophet in his Countrey: and for my
+owne part I will lay aside my Armes till that profession shal haue more
+reputation, and liue with my friends in the countrey, attending either some
+more fortunate time to vse them, or some other good occasion to make me
+forget them.
+
+But what? shall the blind opinion of this monster, a beast of many heads,
+(for so hath the generaltie of old bene termed) cause me to neglect the
+profession from whence I chalenge some reputation, or diminish my loue to
+my countrey, which hitherto hath nourished me? No, it was for her sake I
+first tooke armes, and for her sake I will handle them so long as I shall
+be able to vse them: not regarding how some men in private conuenticles do
+measure mens estimations by their owne humors; nor how euery popular person
+doeth giue sentence on euery mans actions by the worst accidents. But
+attending the gracious aspect of our dread Soueraigne, who neuer yet left
+vertue vnrewarded: and depending vpon the iustice of her most rare and
+graue aduisors, who by their heedie looking into euery mans worth, do giue
+encouragement to the vertuous to exceed others in vertue: and assuring you
+that there shall neuer any thing happen more pleasing vnto me, then that I
+may once againe bee a partie in some honorable journey against the Spaniard
+in his owne countrey, I will cease my complaint: and with them that deserue
+beyond me, patiently endure the vnaduised censure of our malicious
+reproouers.
+
+If I haue seemed in the beginning hereof troublesome vnto you, in the
+discouering of those impediments, and answering the slanders which by the
+vulgar malicious and mutinous sort are laid as blemishes vpon the iourney,
+and reprochse vpon the Generals (hauing indeed proceeded from other heads:)
+let the necessitie of conseruing the reputation of the action in generall,
+and the honors of our Generals in particular, bee my sufficient excuse: the
+one hauing by the vertue of the other made our countrey more dreaded and
+renowmed, then any act that euer England vndertooke before. Or if you haue
+thought my perswasible discourse long in the latter end; let the
+affectionate desire of my countreys good be therein answerable for me. And
+such as it is I pray you accept it, as only recommended to your selfe, and
+not to be deliuered to the publique view of the world, lest any man take
+offence thereat: which some particular men may seeme iustly to do, in that
+hauing deserued very well, I should not herein giue them their due
+considerations: whereas my purpose in this priuate discourse hath bene
+onely to gratifie you with a touch of those principall matters that haue
+passed, wherein I haue onely taken notes of those men who either commaunded
+euery seruice, or were of chiefest marke: if therefore you shall impart the
+same to one, and he to another, and so it passe through my hands, I know
+not what constructions would be made thereof to my preiudice; for that the
+Hares eares may happily be taken for hornes. Howbeit I hold it very
+necessary (I must confesse) that there should be some true manifestation
+made of these things: but be it far from me to be the author thereof, as
+very vnfit to deliuer my censure of any matter in publique, and most
+vnwilling to haue my weaknesse discouered in priuate. And so I doe leaue
+you to the happy successe of your accustomed good exercises, earnestly
+wishing that there may be some better acceptance made of the fruits of your
+studies, then there hath bene of our hazards in the wars. From London the
+30 of August 1589.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The escape of the Primrose a tall ship of London, from before the towne of
+  Bilbao in Biscay: which ship the Corrigidor of the same Prouince,
+  accompanied with 97 Spaniards, offered violently to arrest, and was
+  defeated of his purpose, and brought prisoner into England.
+
+Whereunto is added the Kings Commission for a generall imbargment or arrest
+  of all English, Netherlandish, and Easterlings ships, written in
+  Barcelona the 19 of May 1585.
+
+It is not vnknowen vnto the world what danger our English shippes haue
+lately escaped, how sharpely they haue beene intreated, and howe hardly
+they haue beene assaulted: so that the valiancie of those that mannaged
+them is worthy remembrance. And therefore in respect of the couragious
+attempt and valiant enterprise of the ship called the Primrose of London,
+which hath obteined renowne, I haue taken in hande to publish the trueth
+thereof, to the intent that it may be generally knowen to the rest of the
+English ships, that by the good example of this the rest may in time of
+extremitie aduenture to doe the like: to the honor of the Realme, and the
+perpetuall remembrance of themselues: The maner whereof was at followeth.
+
+Vppon Wednesday being the sixe and twentieth day of May 1585, the shippe
+called the Primrose being of one hundred and fiftie tunnes, lying without
+the bay of Bilbao, hauing beene there two dayes, there came a Spanish
+pinnesse to them, wherein was the Corrigidor and sixe others with him:
+these came aboord the Primrose, seeming to be Marchantes of Biscay, or such
+like, bringing Cherries with them, and spake very friendly to the Maister
+of the ship, whose name was Foster, and he in courteous wise, bad them
+welcome, making them the best cheere that he could with beere, beefe, and
+bisket, wherewith that ship was well furnished: and while they were thus in
+banquetting with the Maister, foure of the seuen departed in the sayd
+Pinnesse, and went backe againe to Bilbao: the other three stayed, and were
+very pleasant for the time. But Master Foster misdoubting some danger
+secretly gaue speech that he was doubtfull of these men what their intent
+was; neuerthelesse he sayd nothing, nor seemed in any outward wise to
+mistrust them at all. Foorthwith there came a ship-boate wherein were
+seuentie persons being Marchants and such like of Biscay: and besides this
+boate, there came also the Pinnesse which before had brought the other
+three, in which Pinnesse there came foure and twentie, as the Spaniards
+themselues since confessed. These made towards the Primrose, and being come
+thither, there came aboord the Corrigidor with three or foure of his men:
+but Master Foster seeing this great multitude desired that there might no
+more come aboord, but that the rest should stay in their boates, which was
+granted: neuerthelesse they tooke small heede of these wordes; for on a
+suddaine they came foorth of the boate, entring the shippe, euery Spaniarde
+taking him to his Rapier which they brought in the boate, with other
+weapons, and a drumme wherewith to triumph ouer them. Thus did the
+Spaniards enter the shippe, plunging in fiercely vpon them, some planting
+themselues vnder the decke, some entring the Cabbens, and the multitude
+attending their pray. Then the Corrigidor hauing an officer with him which
+bore a white wand in his hand, sayd to the master of the ship: Yeeld your
+selfe, for you are the kings prisoner: whereat the Maister sayd to his men,
+We are betrayed. Then some of them set daggers to his breast, and seemed in
+furious manner as though they would haue slaine him, meaning nothing lesse
+then to doe any such act, for all that they sought was to bring him and his
+men safe aliue to shore. Whereat the Maister was amazed, and his men
+greatly discomfited to see themselues readie to be conueyed euen to the
+slaughter: notwithstanding some of them respecting the daunger of the
+Maister, and seeing how with themselues there was no way but present death
+if they were once landed among the Spaniards, they resolued themselues
+eyther to defend the Maister, and generally to shunne that daunger, or else
+to die and be buried in the middest of the sea, rather then to suffer
+themselues to come into the tormentors hands: and therefore in very bold
+and manly sort some tooke them to their iauelings, lances, bore-speares,
+and shot, which they had set in readinesse before, and hauing fiue
+Calieuers readie charged, which was all the small shot they had, those that
+were vnder the hatches or the grate did shoote vp at the Spaniards that
+were ouer their heads, which shot so amazed the Spaniards on the suddaine,
+as they could hardly tell which way to escape the daunger, fearing this
+their small shot to be of greater number then it was: others in very
+manlike sort dealt about among them, shewing themselues of that courage
+with bore-speares and lances, that they dismayed at euery stroke two or
+three Spaniards. Then some of them desired the Maister to commaund his men
+to cease and holde their handes, but hee answered that such was the courage
+of the English Nation in defence of their owne liues, that they would slay
+them and him also: and therefore it lay not in him to doe it. Now did their
+blood runne about the ship in great quantitie, some of them being shot in
+betweene the legges, the bullets issuing foorth at their breasts, some cut
+in the head, some thrust into the bodie, and many of them very sore
+wounded, so that they came not so fast in on the one side, but now they
+tumbled as fast ouer boord on both sides with their weapons in their
+handes, some falling into the sea, and some getting into their boates,
+making haste towardes the Citie. And this is to be noted, that although
+they came very thicke thither, there returned but a small companie of them,
+neither is it knowen as yet how many of them were slaine or drowned, onely
+one English man was then slaine, whose name was Iohn Tristram, and sixe
+other hurt. It was great pitie to behold how the Spaniards lay swimming in
+the sea, and were not able to saue their liues. Foure of them taking hold
+of the shippe were for pities sake taken vp againe by Maister Foster and
+his men, not knowing what they were: all the Spaniards bosomes were stuft
+with paper, to defend them from the shot, and these foure hauing some
+wounds were dressed by the surgion of the shippe. One of them was the
+Corrigidor himselfe, who is gouernour of a hundred Townes and Cities in
+Spaine, his liuing by his office being better then sixe hundred pound
+yerely. This skirmish happened in the euening about sixe of the clocke,
+after they had laden twenty Tunne of goods and better out of the sayd ship:
+which goods were deliuered by two of the same ship, whose names were Iohn
+Burrell and Iohn Brodbanke, who being on shore were apprehended and stayed.
+
+[Sidenote: The Corrigidor of Bilbao taken and brought to London.] After
+this valiant enterprise of eight and twentie English men against 97
+Spaniards, they saw it was in vaine for them to stay, and therefore set vp
+sayles, and by Gods prouidence auoyded all daunger, brought home the rest
+of their goods, and came thence with all expedition: and (God be thanked)
+arriued safely in England neere London on Wednesday being the 8 day of Iune
+1585. In which their returne to England the Spaniards that they brought
+with them offered fiue hundred crownes to be set on shore in any place:
+which, seeing the Maister would not doe, they were content to be ruled by
+him and his companie, and craued mercie at their hands. And after Master
+Foster demaunded why they came in such sort to betray and destroy them, the
+Corrigidor answered, that it was not done onely of themselues, but by the
+commandement of the king himselfe; and calling for his hose which were wet,
+did plucke foorth the kings Commission, by which he was authorized to doe
+all that he did: the Copie whereof followeth, being translated out of
+Spanish.
+
+
+The Spanish kings commision for the generall imbargment or arrest of the
+  English, &c.
+
+Licentiat de Escober, my Corigidor of my Signorie of Biskay, I haue caused
+a great fleete to be put in readinesse in the hauen of Lisbone, and the
+riuer of Siuill. There is required for the Souldiers, armour, victuals, and
+munition, that are to be imployed in the same great store of shipping of
+all series against the time of seruice, and to the end there may be choise
+made of the best, vpon knowledge of their burden and goodnesse; I doe
+therefore require of you, that presently vpon the arriuall of this carrier,
+and with as much dissimulation as may be (that the matter may not be knowen
+vntill it be put into execution) you take order for the staying and
+arresting (with great foresight) of all the shipping that may be found vpon
+the coast, and in the portes of the sayd Signorie, excepting none of
+Holand, Zeland, Easterland, Germanie, England, and other Prouinces that are
+in rebellion against mee, sauing those of France which being litle, and of
+small burden and weake, are thought vnfit to serue the turne. And the stay
+being thus made, you shall haue a speciall care that such marchandize as
+the sayd shippes or hulkes haue brought, whether they be all or part
+vnladen, may bee taken out, and that the armour, munition, tackels, sayles,
+and victuals may be safely bestowed, as also that it may be well foreseene,
+that none of the shippes or men escape away. Which things being thus
+executed, you shall aduertise me by an expresse messenger, of your
+proceeding therein: And send me a plaine and distinct declaration of the
+number of shippes that you shall haue so stayed in that coast and partes,
+whence euery one of them is, which belong to my Rebels, what burden and
+goods there are, and what number of men is in euery of them, and what
+quantitie they haue of armour, ordinance, munition, victuals, tacklings and
+other necessaries, to the end that vpon sight hereof, hauing made choise of
+such as shall be fit for the seruice, we may further direct you what ye
+shall do. In the meane time you shall presently see this my commandment put
+in execution, and if there come thither any more ships, you shall also
+cause them to be stayed and arrested after the same order, vsing therein
+such care and diligence, as may answere the trust that I repose in you,
+wherein you shall doe me great seruice. Dated at Barcelona the 29 of May,
+1585.
+
+And thus haue you heard the trueth and manner thereof, wherein is to be
+noted the great courage of the maister, and the louing hearts of the
+seruants to saue their master from the daunger of death: yea, and the care
+which the master had to saue so much of the owners goods as hee might,
+although by the same the greatest is his owne losse in that he may neuer
+trauell to those parts any more without the losse of his owne life, nor yet
+any of his seruantes: for if hereafter they should, being knowen they are
+like to taste of the sharpe torments which are there accustomed in their
+Holy-house. And as for their terming English shippes to be in rebellion
+against them, it is sufficiently knowen by themselues, and their owne
+consciences can not denie it, but that with loue, vnitie, and concord, our
+shippes haue euer beene fauoruable vnto them, and as willing to pleasure
+their King, as his subiectes any way willing to pleasure English
+passengers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The voiage of the right honorable George Erle of Cumberland to the Azores,
+  &c. Written by the excellent Mathematician and Enginier master Edward
+  Wright.
+
+The right honorable the Erle of Cumberland hauing at his owne charges
+prepared his small Fleet of foure Sailes onely, viz. The Victorie one of
+the Queenes ships royall; the Meg and Margaret small ships, (one of which
+also he was forced soone after to send home againe, finding her not able to
+endure the Sea) and a small Carauell, and hauing assembled together about
+400 men (or fewer) of gentlemen, souldiers, and saylers, embarked himself
+and them, and set saile from the Sound of Plimmouth in Deuonshire, the 18
+day of Iune 1589, being accompanied with these captaines and gentlemen
+which hereafter folow.
+
+Captaine Christopher Lister a man of great resolution, captaine Edward
+Carelesse, _aliàs_ Wright, who in sir Francis Drakes West Indian voyage to
+S. Domingo and Carthagena, was captaine of the Hope. Captaine Boswell, M.
+Meruin, M. Henry Long, M. Partridge, M. Norton, M. William Mounson captaine
+of the Meg, and his viceadmirall, now sir William Mounson, M. Pigeon
+captaine of the Carauell.
+
+About 3 dayes after our departure from Plimmouth we met with 3 French
+ships, whereof one was of Newhauen, another of S. Malos, and so finding
+them to be Leaguers and lawful Prises, we tooke them and sent two of them
+for England with all their loding, which was fish for the most part from
+New-found-land, sauing that there was part thereof distributed amongst our
+small Fleet, as we could find Stowage for the same: and in the third, all
+their men were sent home into France. The same day and the day folowing we
+met with some other ships, whom (when after some conference had with them,
+we perceiued plainly to bee of Roterodam and Emden, bound for Rochell) we
+dismissed.
+
+The 28 and 29 dayes we met diuers of our English ships, returning from the
+Portugall voiage which my lord relieued with victuals. The 13 day of Iuly
+being Sonday in the morning, we espied 11 ships without sight of the coast
+of Spaine, in the height of 39 degrees, whom wee presently prepared for,
+and prouided to meet them, hauing first set forth Captaine Mounson in the
+Meg, before vs, to descry whence they were. The Meg approching neere, there
+passed some shot betwixt them, whereby, as also by their Admiral and
+Vice-admirall putting foorth their flags, we perceiued that some fight was
+likely to follow. Having therefore fitted our selues for them, we made what
+hast we could towards them with regard alwayes to get the wind of them, and
+about 10 or 11 of the clocke, we came vp to them with the Victory. But
+after some few shot and some litle fight passed betwixt vs, they yeelded
+themselues, and the masters of them all came aboord vs, shewing their
+seueral Pasports from the cities of Hamburg and Lubeck, from Breme,
+Pomerania and Calice.
+
+They had in them certaine bags of Pepper and Synamon, which they confessed
+to be the goods of the Iew in Lisbon, which should haue bene carried by
+them into their countrey to his Factor there, and so finding it by their
+owne confession to be lawful Prise, the same was soone after taken and
+diuided amongst our whole company, the value wherof was esteemed to be
+about 4500 pounds, at two shillings the pound.
+
+The 17 day the foresaid ships were dismissed, but 7 of their men that were
+willing to go along with vs for sailers, we tooke to help vs, and so held
+on our course for the Azores.
+
+The 1 of August being Friday in the morning, we had sight of the Iland of
+S. Michael, being one of the Eastermost of the Azores toward which we
+sailed all that day, and at night hauing put foorth a Spanish flag in our
+main-top, that so they might the lesse suspect vs, we approched neere to
+the chiefe towne and road of that Iland, where we espied 3 ships riding at
+anker and some other vessels: all which we determined to take in the darke
+of the night, and accordingly attempted about 10 or 11 of the clocke,
+sending our boats well manned to cut their cables and hausers, and let them
+driue into the sea. Our men comming to them, found the one of those
+greatest ships was the Falcon of London being there vnder a Scottish Pilot
+who bare the name of her as his own. [Sidenote: 3 ships forcibly towed our
+of harbour.] But 3 other smal ships that lay neere vnder the castle there,
+our men let loose and towed them away vnto vs, most of the Spaniards that
+were in them leaping ouer-boord and swimming to shore with lowd and
+lamentable outcries, which they of the towne hearing were in an vprore, and
+answered with the like crying. The castle discharged some great shot at our
+boats, but shooting without marke by reason of the darknesse they did vs no
+hurt. The Scots likewise discharged 3 great pieces into the aire to make
+the Spaniards thinke they were their friends and our enemies, and shortly
+after the Scottish master, and some other with him, came aboord to my lord
+doing their dutie, and offering their seruice, &c. These 3 ships were
+fraught with wine and Sallet-oile from Siuil.
+
+The same day our Carauel chased a Spanish Carauel to shore at S. Michael,
+which caried letters thither, by which we learned that the Caraks were
+departed from Tercera 8 dayes before.
+
+The 7 of August we had sight of a litle ship which wee chased towards
+Tercera with our pinasse (the weather being calme) and towards euening we
+ouertooke her, there were in her 30 tunnes of good Madera wine, certaine
+woollen cloth, silke, taffata, &c. The 14 of August we came to the Iland of
+Flores, where we determined to take in some fresh water and fresh victuals,
+such as the Iland did affoord. So we manned our boats with some 120 men and
+rowed towards the shore; whereto when we approched the inhabitants that
+were assembled at the landing place, put foorth a flag of truce, whereupon
+we also did the like.
+
+When we came to them, my Lord gaue them to vnderstand by his Portugall
+interpreter, that he was a friend to their king Don Antonio, and came not
+any way to iniury them, but that he meant onely to haue some fresh water
+and fresh victuals of them, by way of exchange for some prouision that he
+had, as oile, wine, or pepper, to which they presently agreed willingly,
+and sent some of their company for beeues and sheepe, and we in the meane
+season marched Southward about a mile to Villa de Santa Cruz, from whence
+all the inhabitants yong and old were departed, and not any thing of value
+left. We demanding of them what was the cause hereof, they answered, Feare;
+as their vsuall maner was when any ships came neere their coast.
+
+We found that part of the Iland to be full of great rockie barren hils and
+mountains, litle inhabited by reason that it is molested with ships of war
+which might partly appeare by this towne of Santa Cruz (being one of their
+chiefe townes) which was all ruinous, and (as it were) but the reliques of
+the ancient towne which had bene burnt about two yeeres before by certaine
+English ships of war, as the inhabitants there reported.
+
+At euening as we were in rowing towards the Victory, an huge fish pursued
+vs for the space of well nigh of two miles together, distant for the most
+part from the boats sterne not a speares length, and sometimes so neere
+that the boat stroke vpon him, the tips of whose finnes about the ghils
+(appearing oft times aboue the water) were by estimation 4 or 5 yards
+asunder, and his iawes gaping a yard and a halfe wide, which put vs in
+feare of ouerturning the pinnasse, but God be thanked (rowing as hard as we
+could) we escaped.
+
+When we were about Flores a litle ship called the Drake, brought vs word
+that the Caraks were at Tercera, of which newes we were very glad, and sped
+vs thitherward with all the speed we could: and by the way we came to Fayal
+road the seuen and twentieth day of August after sunne set, where we espied
+certaine shippes ryding at anker, to whom we sent in our Skiffe with
+Captaine Lister and Captaine Monson in her to discouer the roaders: and
+least any daunger should happen to our boate, we sent in likewise the
+Sawsie Iack and the small Carauell; but the wind being off the shoare, the
+shippes were not able to fet it so nigh as the Spaniards ride, which
+neuerthelesse the boate did, and clapped a shippe aboord of two hundred and
+fiftie tunnes, which caried in her fourteene cast peeces, and continued
+fight alone with her for the space of one houre vntill the comming vp of
+other boates to the reskue of her, which were sent from the shippes, and
+then a fresh boording her againe one boate in the quarter, another in the
+hause, we entred her on the one side, and all the Spaniards lept ouerboord
+on the other, saue Iuan de Palma the Captaine of her and two or three more,
+and thus we became possessors of her. This shippe was mored to the Castle
+which shot at vs all this while: the onely hurt which we receiued of all
+this shot was this, that the master of our Carauell had the calfe of his
+legge shot away. This shippe was laden with Sugar, Ginger, and hides lately
+come from S. Iuan de Puerto Rico; after we had towed her cleare off the
+castle, we rowed in againe with our boats, and fetched out fiue small ships
+more, one laden with hides, another with Elephants teeth, graines,
+coco-nuts, and goates skins come from Guinie, another with woad, and two
+with dogge-fish, which two last we let driue into the sea making none
+account of them. The other foure we sent for England the 30 of August.
+
+At the taking of these Prizes were consorted with vs some other small men
+of warre, as Maister Iohn Dauis with his shippe, Pinnesse, and Boate,
+Captaine Markesburie with his ship, whose owner was Sir Walter Ralegh, the
+Barke of Lime, which was also consorted with vs before.
+
+[Sidenote: An eescape of 8 Englishmen from Tercera.] The last of August in
+the morning we came in sight of Tercera, being about some nine or ten
+leagues from shoare, where we espied comming toward vs, a small boat vnder
+saile, which seemed somewhat strange vnto vs, being so farre from lande,
+and no shippe in sight, to which they might belong; but comming neere, they
+put vs out of doubt, shewing they were English men (eight in number) that
+had lately bene prisoners in Tercera, and finding opportunitie to escape at
+that time, with that small boat committed themselues to the sea, vnder Gods
+prouidence, hauing no other yard for their maine saile, but two pipe staues
+tyed together by the endes, and no more prouision of victuals, then they
+could bring in their pockets and bosomes. Hauing taken them all into the
+Victorie, they gaue vs certaine intelligence, that the Carackes were
+departed from thence about a weeke before.
+
+Thus beeing without any further hope of those Caraks, we resolued to
+returne for Fayall, with intent to surprize the towne, but vntill the ninth
+of September, we had either the winde so contrary, or the weather so calme,
+that in all that time, we made scarce nine or ten leagues way, lingring vp
+and downe not farre from Pico.
+
+The tenth of September being Wednesday in the afternoone, wee came again to
+Fayal roade. Whereupon immediatly my Lord sent Captaine Lister, with one of
+Graciosa (whom Capatine Munson had before taken) and some others, towards
+Fayal, whom certaine of the Inhabitants met in a boat, and came with
+Captaine Lister to my Lord, to whom hee gaue this choice: either to suffer
+him quietly to enter into the platforme there without resistance, where he
+and his companie would remaine a space without offering any iniurie to
+them, that they (the Inhabitants) might come vnto him and compound for the
+ransome of the Towne; or else to stand to the hazard of the warre.
+
+With these words they returned to the towne: but the keepers of the
+platforme answered, that it was against their oath and allegeance to king
+Philip to giue ouer without fight. Whereupon my Lord commanded the boates
+of euery ship, to be presently manned, and soone after landed his men on
+the sandie shoare, vnder the side of an hill, about halfe a league to the
+Northwards from the platforme: vpon the toppe of which hill certaine
+horsemen and footmen shewed themselues, and other two companies also
+appeared, with ensignes displayed, the one before the towne vpon the shore
+by the sea side, which marched towards our landing place, as though they
+would encounter vs; the other in a valley to the Southwards of the
+platforme, as if they would haue come to helpe the Townesmen: during which
+time they in the platforme also played vpon vs with great Ordinance.
+[Sidenote: The taking of the towne and platforme of Fayal.] Notwithstanding
+my L. (hauing set his men in order) marched along the sea shore, vpon the
+sands, betwixt the sea and the towne towards the platforme for the space of
+a mile or more, and then the shore growing rockie, and permitting no
+further progresse without much difficultie, he entred into the towne and
+passed through the street without resistance, vnto the platforme; for those
+companies before mentioned at my Lo. approching, were soone dispersed, and
+suddenly vanished.
+
+Likewise they of the platforme, being all fled at my Lordes comming
+thither, left him and his company to scale the walles, to enter and take
+possession without resistance.
+
+In the meane time our shippes ceased not to batter the foresaid Towne and
+Platforme with great shotte, till such time as we saw the Red-Crosse of
+England flourishing vpon the Forefront thereof.
+
+[Sidenote: A description of the towne of Faial.] This Fayal is the
+principal towne in all that is land, and is situate directly ouer against
+the high and mighty mountaine Pico, lying towards the West Northwest from
+that mountaine, being deuided therefrom by a narrow Sea, which at that
+place is by estimation about some two or three leagues in bredth betweene
+the Isles of Fayal and Pico.
+
+The towne conteyned some three hundred housholds, their houses were faire
+and strongly builded of lime and stone, and double couered with hollow
+tyles much like our roofe tyles, but that they are lesse at the one end
+then at the other.
+
+Euery house almost had a cisteme or well in a garden on the backe side: in
+which gardens grew vines (with ripe clusters of grapes) making pleasant
+shadowes, and Tabacco nowe commonly knowen and vsed in England, wherewith
+their women there dye their faces reddish, to make them seeme fresh and
+young: Pepper Indian and common; figge-trees bearing both white and red
+figges: Peach trees not growing very tall: Orenges, Limons, Quinces,
+Potato-roots, &c. Sweete wood (Cedar I thinke) is there very common, euen
+for building and firing.
+
+My Lord hauing possessed himselfe of the towne and platforme, and being
+carefull of the preseruation of the towne, gaue commandement, that no
+mariner or souldier should enter into any house, to make any spoyle
+thereof. But especially he was carefull that the Churches and houses of
+religion there should be kept inuiolate, which was accordingly performed,
+through his appointment of guarders and keepers for those places: but the
+rest of the towne eyther for want of the former inhibition, or for desire
+of spoyle and prey, was rifled, and ransacked by the souldiers and
+mariners, who scarcely left any house vnsearched, out of which they tooke
+such things as liked them, as chestes of sweete wood, chaires, cloth,
+couerlets, hangings, bedding, apparell: and further ranged into the
+countrey, where some of them also were hurt by the inhabitants. The Friery
+there conteyning and maintayning thirty Franciscan Friars (among whom we
+could not finde any one able to speake true Latine) was builded by a Fryer
+of Angra in Tercera of the same order, about the yeare of our Lord one
+thousand fiue hundred and sixe. The tables in the hall had seates for the
+one side onely, and were alwayes couered, as readie at all times for dinner
+or supper.
+
+From Wednesday in the afternoone, at which time we entred the towne, til
+Saturday night, we continued there, vntill the Inhabitants had agreed and
+payed for the ransome of the towne, two thousand duckats, most part whereof
+was Church-plate.
+
+We found in the platfonne eight and fiftie yron peeces of Ordinance,
+whereof three and twentie (as I remember) or more were readie mounted vpon
+their carriages, betweene Barricadoes, vpon a platforme towardes the
+sea-side, all which Ordinance we tooke, and set the platforme on fire, and
+so departed: My Lord hauing inuited to dinner in the Victorie, on the
+Sunday following, so many of the Inhabitants as would willingly come (saue
+onely Diego Gomes the Gouernour, who came but once onely to parle about the
+ransome) onely foure came and were well entertained, and solemnely
+dismissed with sound of drumme and trumpets, and a peale of Ordinance: to
+whom my Lord deliuered his letter subscribed with his owne hand, importing
+a request ['repuest' in source text--KTH] to all other Englishmen to
+abstaine from any further molesting them, saue onely for fresh water, and
+victuals necessary for their intended voyage. During our abode here (viz.
+the 11 of September) two men came out of Pico which had beene prisoners
+there: Also at Fayal we set at libertie a prisoner translated from S. Iago
+who was cousin to a seruant of Don Anthonio king of Portugall in England:
+These prisoners we deteyned with vs.
+
+On Munday we sent our boates ashore for fresh water, which (by reason of
+the raine that fell the former night) came plentifully running downe the
+hilles, and would otherwise haue beene hard to be gotten there. On Tuesday
+likewise hauing not yet suffiently serued our turnes, we sent againe for
+fresh water, which was then not so easie to be gotten as the day before, by
+reason of a great winde: which in the afternoone increased also in such
+sort, that we thought it not safe to ride so neere the land; whereupon we
+weyed anker and so departed Northwest and by west, alongst the coast of
+Fayal Island. Some of the Inhabitants comming aboord to vs this day, tolde
+vs that always about that time of the yeere such windes West Southwest blew
+on that coast.
+
+This day, as we sayled neere Saint Georges Island, a huge fish lying still
+a litle vnder water, or rather euen therewith, appeared hard by a head of
+vs, the sea breaking vpon his backe, which was blacke coloured, in such
+sort as deeming at the first it had beene a rocke, and the ship stemming
+directly with him, we were put in a sudden feare for the time: till soone
+after we saw him moue out of the way.
+
+The 16 of September in the nigh it lightened much, whereupon there followed
+great winds and raine which continued the 17 18 19-20 and 21 of the same.
+The 23 of September we came againe into Faial road to weigh an anker which
+(for haste and feare of foule weather) wee had left there before, where we
+went on shore to see the towne, the people (as we thought) hauing now
+setled themselues there againe, but notwithstanding many of them through
+too much distrustfulnesse, departed and prepared to depart with their
+packets at the first sight of vs: vntill such time as they were assured by
+my Lord, that our comming was not any way to iniury them, but especially to
+haue fresh water, and some other things needeful for vs, contenting them
+for the same.
+
+So then we viewed the Towne quietly, and bought such things as we desired
+for our money as if we had bene in England. And they helped to fill vs in
+fresh water, receiuing for their paines such satisfaction as contented
+them.
+
+The 25 day we were forced againe to depart from thence, before we had
+sufficiently watered, by reason of a great tempest that suddenly arose in
+the night, in so much, that my Lord himselfe soone after midnight raysed
+our men out of itheir Cabines to wey anker, himselfe also together with
+them haling at the Capsten, and after chearing them vp with wine.
+
+The next day we sent our Carauel and the Sawsie-Iack to the road of Saint
+Michael, to see what they could espie: we following after them vpon the 27
+day, plying to and fro, came within sight of S. Michael, but by contrary
+windes the 28 29 and 30 dayes wee were driuen to leewarde, and could not
+get neere the Island.
+
+The first of October wee sayled alongst Tercera, and euen against Brasill
+(a promontorie neere to Angra the strongest Towne in that Island) wee
+espied some boates comming to the Towne, and made out towardes them: but
+being neere to the lande they ranne to shoare and escaped vs.
+
+In the afternoone we came neere to Graciosa, whereupon my Lord foorthwith
+sent Captain Lister to the Ilanders, to let them vnderstand that his desire
+was onely to haue water and wine of them, and some fresh victuals, and not
+any further to trouble them. They answered they could giue no resolute
+answere to this demande, vntill the Gouernors of the Iland had consulted
+therevpon, and therefore desired him to send againe to them the next day.
+
+Vpon the second day of October eariy in the morning, we sent forth our long
+boat and Pinnesse, with emptie Caske, and about some fiftie or sixty men
+together with the Margaret, and Captaine Dauis his shippe: for we now
+wanted all the rest of our consortes. But when our men would haue landed,
+the Ilanders shot at them, and would not suffer them. And troupes of men
+appeared vpon land, with ensignes displayed to resist vs: So our boates
+rowed alongst the shoare, to finde some place where they might land, not
+with too much disaduantage: our shippes and they still shooting at the
+Ilanders: but no place could be founde where they might land without great
+perill of loosing many of their liues, and so were constrayned to retire
+without receiuing any answere, as was promised the day before. We had three
+men hurt in this conflict, whilest our boates were together in consulting
+what was best to be done: two of them were stroken with a great shot (which
+the Ilanders drew from place to place with Oxen) wherewith the one lost his
+hand, and the other his life within two or three dayes after: the third was
+shot into his necke with a small shot, without any great hurt.
+
+With these newes our company returned backe againe at night, whereupon
+preparation was made to goe to them againe the next day: but the daye was
+farre spent before we could come neere them with our ship: neither could we
+finde any good ground to anker in, where we might lye to batter the Towne,
+and further we could finde no landing place, without great danger to loose
+many men: which might turne not only to the ouerthrow of our voiage, but
+also put the Queenes ship in great perill for want of men to bring her
+home. Therefore my Lord thought it best to write to them to this efiect:
+That he could not a litle maruell at their inhumanitie and crueltie which
+they had shewed towards his men, seeing they were sent by him vnto them in
+peaceable manner to receiue their answere which they had promised to giue
+the day before: and that were it not for Don Antonio their lawful king his
+sake, he could not put vp so great iniury at their hands, without iust
+reuengement vpon them: notwithstanding for Don Antonio his sake, whose
+friend he was, he was yet content to send to them once againe for their
+answere: At night Captaine Lister returned with this answere from them.
+That their Gunner shot off one of their pieces, which was charged with
+pouder onely, and was stopped; which our men thinking it had bin shot at
+them, shot againe, and so beganne the fight: and that the next morning they
+would send my Lord a resolute answere to his demaunde, for as yet they
+could not knowe their Gouernours minde herein. The next morning there came
+vnto vs a boate from the shoare with a flagge of truce, wherein were three
+of the chiefe men of the Island, who agreed with my Lorde that hee should
+haue of them sixtie buttes of wine, and fresh victuals to refresh himselfe
+and his companie withall: but as for fresh water, they could not satisfie
+our neede therein, hauing themselues little or none, sauing such as they
+saued in vessels or cistrnes when it rayned, and that they had rather giue
+vs two tunnes of wine then one of water: but they requested that our
+souldiers might not come on shoare, for they themselues would bring all
+they had promised to the water-side, which request was graunted, we keeping
+one of them aboord with vs, untill their promise was performed, and the
+other we sent to shoare with our emptie Caske, and some of our men to helpe
+to fill, and bring them away with such other prouision as was promised: so
+the Margaret, Captaine Dauis his shippe, and another of Weymouth stayed
+ryding at anker before the Towne, to take in our prouision. This shippe of
+Weymouth came to vs the day before, and had taken a rich Prize (as it was
+reported) worth sixteene thousand pound, which brought vs newes that the
+West-Indian Fleete was not yet come, but would come very shortly. But we
+with the Victorie put off to sea, and vpon Saturday the fourth of October,
+we tooke a French shippe of Saint Malo (a citie of the vnholy league) loden
+with fish from Newfoundland: which had beene in so great a tempest, that
+she was constrayned to cut her mayne mast ouerboord for her safetie, and
+was now comming to Graciosa, to repaire her selfe. But so hardly it befell
+her, that she did not onely not repaire her former losses, but lost all
+that remayned vnto vs. The chiefe of our men we tooke into our ship, and
+sent some of our men, mariners, and souldiers into her to bring her into
+England.
+
+Vpon the Sunday following at night, all our promised prouision was brought
+vnto vs from Gratiosa: and we friendly dismissed the Ilanders with a peale
+of Ordinance.
+
+Vpon Munday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, we plyed to and fro about those
+Islandes, being very rough weather. And vpon Thursday at night, being
+driuen some three or foure leagues from Tercera, we saw fifteene saile of
+the West-Indian Fleete comming into the Hauen at Angra in Tercera. But the
+winde was such, that for the space of foure dayes after, though wee lay as
+close by the winde as was possible, yet we could not come neere them. In
+this time we lost our late French Prize, not being able to lie so neere the
+winde as we, and heard no more of her till we came to England where shee
+safely arrriued. Vpon Munday we came very neere the Hauens month, being
+minded to haue runne in amongst them, and to haue fetched out some of them
+if it had beene possible: But in the end this enterprise was deemed too
+daungerous, considering the strength of the place where they rode, being
+haled and towed in neerer the towne, at the first sight of our approching,
+and lying vnder the protection of the Castle of Brasil, on the one side
+(hauing in it fiue and twentie peeces of Ordinance) and a fort on the other
+side wherein were 13 or 14 great brasse pieces. Besides, when we came neere
+land the winde prooued too scant for vs to attempt any such enterprise.
+
+Vpon Tuesday the fourteenth of October we sent our boate to the roade to
+sound the depth, to see if there were any ankoring place for vs, where we
+might lie without shot of the Castle and Fort, and within shot of some of
+those shippes, that we might either make them come out to vs, or sinke them
+where they lay. Our boate returned hauing found out such a place as we
+desired, but the winde would not suffer vs to come neere it, and againe if
+we could haue ankered there, it was thought likely that they would rather
+runne themselues a ground to saue their liues and liberties, and some of
+their goods, then come foorth to loose their liberties and goods to vs
+their enemies. So we shot at them to see if we could reach them, but it
+fell farre short. And thus we departed, thinking it not probable that they
+would come foorth so long as we watched for them before the hauens mouth,
+or within sight of them. For the space of fiue dayes after we put off to
+sea, and lay without sight of them, and sent a pinnesse to lie out of sight
+close by the shore, to bring vs word if they should come foorth. After a
+while the Pinnesse returned and told vs that those shippes in the Hauen had
+taken downe their sayles, and let downe their toppe mastes: so that wee
+supposed they would neuer come foorth, till they perceiued vs to bee quite
+gone.
+
+Wherefore vpon the 20 of October, hearing that there were certaine Scottish
+ships at Saint Michael, we sayled thither, and found there one Scottish
+roader, and two or three more at Villa Franca, the next road a league or
+two from the towne of S. Michael, to the Eastwards: of whom we had for our
+reliefe some small quantitie of wine (viz. some fiue or sixe buttes of them
+all) and some fresh water, but nothing sufficient to serue our turne.
+
+Vpon Tuesday the one and twentieth of October, we sent our long boate to
+shore for fresh water at a brooke a little to the Westwards from Villa
+Franca.
+
+But the Inhabitants espying vs came downe with two Ensignes displayed, and
+about some hundred and fiftie men armed, to withstand our landing. So our
+men hailing spent all their pouder vpon them in attempting to land, and not
+being able to preuaile at so great oddes, returned frustrate.
+
+From thence we departed towards Saint Maries Iland, minding to water there,
+and then to goe for the coast of Spaine. For we had intelligence that it
+was a place of no great force, and that we might water there very well:
+therefore vpon Friday following, my Lord sent Captaine Lister, and Captaine
+Amias Preston now Sir Amias Preston (who not long before came to vs out of
+his owne shippe, and she loosing vs in the night, hee was forced to tarry
+still with vs) with our long boate and Pinnesse, and some sixtie or
+seuentie shotte in them, with a friendly letter to the Ilanders, that they
+would grant vs leaue to water, and we would no further trouble them.
+
+So we departed from the Victorie for the Iland, about nine of the clocke in
+the afternoone, and rowed freshly vntill about 3 a clocke afternoone. At
+which time our men being something weary with rowing, and being within a
+league or two of the shore, and 4 or 5 leagues from the Victorie, they
+espied (to their refreshing), two shippes ryding at anker hard vnder the
+the towns, whereupon hauing shifted some 6 or 7 of our men into Captaine
+Dauis his boate, being too much pestered in our owne, and retayning with vs
+some 20 shot in the pinnesse, we made way towardes them with all the speede
+we could.
+
+By the way as we rowed we saw boates passing betwixt the roaders and the
+shore, and men in their shirtes swimming and wading to shoare, who as we
+perceiued afterwardes, were labouring to set those shippes fast on ground,
+and the Inhabitants as busily preparing themselues for the defence of those
+roaders, their Iland, and themselues. When we came neere them, Captaine
+Lister commaunded the Trumpets to be sounded, but prohibited any shot to be
+discharged at them, vntill they had direction from him: But some of the
+companie, either not well perceiuing or regarding what he sayd, immediately
+vpon the sound of the Trumpets discharged their pieces at the Islanders;
+which for the most part lay in trenches and fortefied places vnseene, to
+their owne best aduantage: who immediatly shot likewise at vs, both with
+small and great shot, without danger to themselues: Notwithstanding
+Captaine Lister earnestly hastened forward the Saylers that rowed, who
+beganne to shrinke at that shot, flying so fast about their eares, and
+himselfe first entring one of the shippes that lay a litle further from
+shoare then the other, we spedily followed after him into her, still plying
+them with our shot And hauing cut in sunder her Cables and Hausers, towed
+her away with our Pinnesse. In the meane time Captaine Dauis his boate
+ouertooke vs and entred into the other shippe, which also (as the former)
+was forsaken by all her men: but they were constrayned to leaue her and to
+come againe into their boate (whilest shot and stones from shoare flew fast
+amongst them) finding her to sticke so fast a grounde, that they could not
+stire her: which the Townesmen also perceiuing, and seeing that they were
+fewe in number, and vs (busied about the other ship) not comming to ayde
+them, were preparing to haue come and taken them. But they returned vnto
+vs, and so together we came away towards the Victory, towing after vs the
+Prize that we had now taken, which was lately come from Brasil, loden with
+Sugar.
+
+In this fight we had two men slaine and 16 wounded: and as for them, it is
+like they had little hurt, lying for the most part behind stone walles,
+which were builded one aboue another hard by the sea side, vpon the end of
+the hill whereupon the Towne stoode betwixt two vallies. Vpon the toppe of
+the hill lay their great Ordinance (such as they had) wherewith they shot
+leaden bullets, whereof one pierced through our Prizes side, and lay still
+in the shippe without doing any more harme.
+
+The next day we went againe for water to the same Iland, but not knowing
+before the inconuenience and disuaduantage of the place where we attempted
+to land, we returned frustrate.
+
+The same night the 25 of October we departed for S. Georges Iland for fresh
+water, whither we came on Munday following October 27, and hauing espied
+where a spout of water came running downe: the pinnesse and long boate were
+presently manned and sent vnder the conduct of Captaine Preston, and
+Captaine Munson, by whom my Lord sent a letter to the Ilanders as before,
+to grant vs leaue to water onely, and we would no further trouble them:
+notwithstanding our men comming on shoare found some of the poore Ilanders,
+which for feare of vs hid themselues amongst the rockes.
+
+And on Wednesday following our boats returned with fresh water, whereof
+they brought only sixe tunnes for the Victorie, alleaging they could get no
+more, thinking (as it was supposed) that my Lord hauing no more prouision
+of water and wine, but onely 12 tunnes, would not goe for the coast of
+Spaine, but straight for the coast of England, as many of our men greatly
+desired: notwithstanding my Lord was vnwilling so to doe, and was minded
+the next day to haue taken in more water: but through roughnesse of the
+seas and winde, and vnwillingnesse of his men it was not done. Yet his Hon.
+purposed not to returne with so much prouision vnspent, and his voyage (as
+he thought) not yet performed in such sort as mought giue some reasonable
+contentment or satisfaction to himselfe and others.
+
+Therefore because no more water could now conueniently be gotten, and being
+vncertaine when it could be gotten, and the time of our staying aboord also
+vncertaine, the matter being referred to the choyse of the whole companie,
+whither they would tarrie longer, till wee might be more sufficiently
+prouided of fresh water, or goe by the coast of Spaine for England, with
+halfe so much allowance of drinke as before, they willingly agreed that
+euery mease should bee allowed at one meale but halfe so much drinke as
+they were accustomed (except them that were sicke or wounded) and so to goe
+for England, taking the coast of Spaine in our way, to see if we could that
+way make vp our voyage.
+
+Vpon Saturday Octob. 31 we sent the Margaret (because she leaked much)
+directly for England, together with the Prize of Brasile which we tooke at
+S. Marie, and in them some of our hurt and wounded men or otherwise sicke
+were sent home as they desired for England: but Captaine Monson was taken
+out of the Megge into the Victorie.
+
+So we held on our course for the coast of Spaine with a faire winde and a
+large which before we seldome had. And vpon Twesday following being the 4
+of Nouemb. we espied a saile right before vs, which we chased till about
+three a clocke in the afternoone, at which time we ouertaking her, she
+stroke sayle, and being demaunded who was her owner and from whence she
+was, they answered, a Portugall, and from Pernanbucke in Brasile. She was a
+ship of some 110 tuns burden, fraighted with 410 chestes of Sugar, and 50
+Kintals, of Brasill-wood, euery Kintall contayning one hundred pound
+weight: we tooke her in latitude nine and twentie degrees, about two
+hundred leagues from Lisbone westwards: Captaine Preston was presently sent
+vnto her, who brought the principall of her men aboord the Victorie, and
+certaine of our men, mariners and souldiers were sent aboord her. The
+Portugals of this Prize told vs that they saw another ship before them that
+day about noone. Hauing therefore dispatched all things about the Prize
+aforesaid and left our long boat with Captaine Dauis, taking his lesser
+boat with vs, we made way after this other ship with all the sayles we
+could beare, holding on our course due East, and giuing order to Captaine
+Dauis his ship and the Prize that they should follow vs due East, and that
+if they had sight of vs the morning following they should follow vs still:
+if not they should goe for England.
+
+The next morning we espied not the sayle which we chased,
+and Captaine Dauis his ship and the Prize were behinde vs out of
+sight: but the next Thursday the sixt of Nouember (being in
+latitude 38 degrees 30 minutes, and about sixtie leagues from
+Lisbone westwards) early in the morning Captaine Preston
+descried a sayle some two or three leagues a head of vs, after
+which we presently hastened our chase, and ouertooke her about
+eight or nine of the clocke before noone. She came lately from
+Saint Michaels roade, hauing beene before at Brasill loden with
+Sugar and Brasile. Hauing sent our boat to them to bring some
+of the chiefe of their men aboord the Victorie, in the meane time
+whilest they were in comming to vs one out of the maine toppe
+espied another saile a head some three or foure leagues from vs.
+So immediately vpon the returne of our boate, hauing sent her
+backe againe with some of our men aboord the prize, we pursued
+speedily this new chase, with all the sayles we could packe on, and
+about two a clocke in the afternoone ouertooke her: she had made
+prouision to fight with vs, hauing hanged the sides of the shippe so
+thicke with hides (wherewith especially she was loden) that musket
+shot could not haue pearced them: but yer we had discharged
+two great peeces of our Ordinance at her, she stroke sayle, and
+approching neerer, we asking of whence they were, they answered
+from the West-Indies, from Mexico, and Saint Iohn de Lowe
+(truely called Vlhua.) This ship was of some three or foure
+hundred tunnes, and had in her seuen hundred hides worth tenne
+shillings a peece: sixe chests of Cochinell, euery chest houlding
+one hundred pound weight, and euery pound worth sixe and
+twenty shillings and eight pence, and certaine chests of Sugar
+and China dishes, with some plate and siluer.
+
+The Captaine of her was an Italian, and by his behauiour seemed to be a
+graue, wise, and ciuill man: he had put an aduenture in this shippe fiue
+and twentie thousand Duckats, Wee tooke him with certaine other of her
+chiefest men (which were Spaniards) into the Victorie: and Captaine Lister
+with so manie other of the chiefest of our Mariners, souldiers, and saylers
+as were thought sufficient, to the number of 20. or thereabouts, were sent
+into her. In the meane time (we staying) our other prizes which followed
+after, came vp to vs. And nowe wee had our hands full and with ioy shaped
+our course for England, for so it was thought meetest, hauing now so many
+Portugals, Spaniards and Frenchmen amongst vs, that if we should haue taken
+any more prizes afterwards, wee had not bene well able to haue manned them
+without endangering our selues. So about six of the clocke in the
+afternoone (when our other prize had ouertaken vs) wee set saile for
+England. But our prizes not being able to beare vs company without sparing
+them many of our sailes, which caused our ship to route and wallow, in such
+sort that it was not onely very troublesome to vs, but, as it was thought,
+would also haue put the maine Maste in danger of falling ouerboord: hauing
+acquainted them with these inconueniences, we gaue them direction to keepe
+their courses together, folowing vs, and so to come to Portsmouth. We tooke
+this last prize in the latitude of 39. degrees, and about 46. leagues to
+the Westwards from the Rocke.
+
+She was one of those 16. ships which we saw going into the hauen at Angra
+in Tercera, October 8. Some of the men that we tooke out of her tolde vs,
+that whilest wee were plying vp and downe before that hauen, as before was
+shewed, expecting the comming foorth of those shippes, three of the
+greatest and best of them, at the appointment of the Gouernour of Tercera
+were vnloden of their treasure and marchandize. And in euery of them were
+put three hundred Souldiers, which were appointed to haue come to lay the
+Victory aboord in the night, and take her: but when this should haue bene
+done the Victory was gone out of their sight.
+
+Now we went meerily before the winde with all the sailes we could beare,
+insomuch that in the space of 24. houres, we sailed neere 47. leagues, that
+is seuenscore English miles, betwixt Friday at noone and Saturday at noone
+(notwithstanding the shippe was very foule, and much growne with long being
+at Sea) which caused some of our company to make accompt they would see
+what running at Tilt there should bee at Whitehall vpon the Queenes day.
+Others were imagining what a Christmas they would keepe in England with
+their shares of the prizes we had taken. But so it befell, that we kept a
+colde Christmas with the Bishop and his clearks (rockes that lye to the
+Westwards from Sylly, and the Westerne parts of England:) For soone after
+the wind scanting came about to the Eastwards (the worst part of the
+heauens for vs, from which the winde could blow) in such sort, that we
+could not fetch any part of England. And hereupon also our allowance of
+drinke, which was scant ynough before, was yet more scanted, because of the
+scarcitie thereof in the shippe. So that now a man was allowed but halfe a
+pinte at a meale, and that many times colde water, and scarce sweete.
+Notwithstanding this was an happie estate in comparison of that which
+followed: For from halfe a pinte we came to a quarter, and that lasted not
+long either, so that by reason of this great scarsitie of drinke, and
+contrarietie of winde, we thought to put into Ireland, there to relieue our
+wants. But when wee came neere thither, lying at hull all night (tarrying
+for the daylight of the next morning, whereby we might the safelyer bring
+our ship into some conuenient harbour there) we were driuen so farre to
+lee-ward, that we could fetch no part of Ireland, so as with heauie hearts
+and sad cheare, wee were constreined to returne backe againe, and expect
+till it should please God to send vs a faire winde either for England or
+Ireland. In the meane time we were allowed euery man three or foure spoones
+full of vineger to drinke at a meale: for other drinke we had none, sauing
+onely at two or three meales, when we had in stead hereof as much wine,
+which was wringed out of Winelees that remained. With this hard fare (for
+by reason of our great want of drinke, wee durst eate but very litle) wee
+continued for the space of a fortnight or thereabouts: Sauing that now and
+then wee feasted for it in the meane time: And that was when there fell any
+haile or raine: the haile-stones wee gathered vp and did eate them more
+pleasantly then if they had bene the sweetest Comfits in the world; The
+raine drops were so carefully saued, that so neere as wee coulde, not one
+was lost in all our shippe. Some hanged vp sheetes tied with cordes by the
+foure corners, and a weight in the midst that the water might runne downe
+thither, and so be receiued into some vessel set or hanged vnderneth: Some
+that wanted sheetes, hanged vp napkins, and cloutes, and watched them till
+they were thorow wet, then wringing and sucking out the water. And that
+water which fell downe and washed away the filth and soiling of the shippe,
+trod vnder foote, as bad as running downe the kennell many times when it
+raineth, was not lost. I warrant you, but watched and attended carefully
+(yea sometimes with strife and contention) at euery scupper hole, and other
+place where it ranne downe, with dishes, pots, cannes, and Iarres, whereof
+some dranke hearty draughts, euen as it was, mud and all, without tarrying
+to clense or settle it: Others. cleansed it first but not often, for it was
+so thicke and went so slowly thorow, that they might ill endure to tary so
+long, and were loth to loose too much of such precious stuffe: some licked
+with their tongues (like dogges) the boards vnder feete, the sides, railes,
+and Masts of the shippe: others that were more ingenious, fastened girdles
+or ropes about the Mastes, dawbing tallow betwixt them and the Maste (that
+the raine might not runne downe betweene) in such sort, that those ropes or
+girdles hanging lower on the one side then of the other, a spout of leather
+was fastened to the lowest part of them, that all the raine drops that came
+running downe the Maste, might meete together at that place, and there be
+receiued.
+
+Hee that got a canne of water by these meanes was spoken of, sued to, and
+enuied as a rich man. Quàm pulchrum digito monstrari et dicier hic est?
+Some of the poore Spaniards that we had taken (who notwithstanding had the
+same allowance that our owne men had) would come and craue of vs, for the
+loue of God, but so much water as they could holde in the hollow of their
+hand: and they had it, notwithstanding our great extremitie, to teach them
+some humanitie instead of their accustomed barbaritie, both to vs and other
+nations heretofore. They put also bullets of lead into their mouthes to
+slake their thirst.
+
+Now in euery corner of the shippe were heard the lamentable cries of sicke
+and wounded men sounding wofully in our eares crying out and pitifully
+complaining for want of drinke, being ready to die, yea many dying for
+lacke thereof, so as by reason of this great extremite we lost many more
+men, then wee had done all the voyage before: hauing before this time bene
+so well and sufficiently prouided for, that we liued in maner as well and
+healthfully, and died as few as if we had bene in England, whereas now
+lightly euery day some were cast ouerboord.
+
+But the second day of December 1589. was a festiuall day with vs, for then
+it rained a good pace, and wee saued some pretie store of raine water
+(though we were well wet for it, and that at midnight) and filled our skins
+full besides: notwithstanding it were muddie and bitter with washing the
+shippe, but (with some sugar which we had to sweeten it withall) it went
+merrily downe, yet remembred we and wished for with all our hearts, many a
+Conduit, pumpe, spring, and streame of cleare sweete running water in
+England: And how miserable wee had accompted some poore soules whom we had
+seene driuen for thirst to drinke thereof, and how happy we would now haue
+thought our selues if we might haue had our fills of the same: yet should
+we haue fared the better with this our poore feasting, if we might haue had
+our meat and drinke (such and so much as it was) stand quietly before vs:
+but beside all the former extremities, wee were so tossed and turmoiled
+with such horrible stormie and tempestuous weather, that euery man had best
+holde fast his Canne, cup, and dish in his hands, yea and himselfe too,
+many times, by the ropes, railes, or sides of the ship or else he should
+soone finde all vnder feet.
+
+Herewith our maine saile was torne from the yarde and blowne ouerboord
+quite away into the sea without recouery, and our other sailes so rent and
+torne (from side to side some of them) that hardly any of them escaped
+hole. The raging waues and foming surges of the sea came rowling like
+mountaines one after another, and ouerraked the waste of the shippe like a
+mightie riuer running ouer it, whereas in faire weather it was neere 20.
+foote aboue the water, that nowe wee might cry out with the princely
+Prophet Psalme 107. vers. 26. They mount vp to heauen, and descend to the
+deepe, so that their soule melteth away for trouble: they reele too and
+fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and all their cunning is gone. With
+this extremitie of foule weather the ship was so tossed and shaken, that by
+the craking noise it made, and by the leaking which was now much more than
+ordinary, wee were in great feare it would haue shaken in sunder, so that
+now also we had iust cause to pray a litle otherwise than the Poet, though
+marring the verse, yet mending the meaning.
+
+  Deus maris et Coeli, quid enim nisi vota supersunt,
+    Soluere quassatae parcito membra ratis.
+
+Notwithstanding it pleased God of his great goodnesse to deliuer vs out of
+this great danger. Then forthwith a new maine saile was made and fastened
+to the yard, and the rest repaired as time and place would suffer: which we
+had no sooner done, but yet againe wee were troubled with as great an
+extremitie as before so that againe we were like to haue lost our new maine
+saile, had not Master William Antony the Master of the ship himselfe (when
+none else would or durst) ventured with danger of drowning by creeping
+along vpon the maine yarde (which was let downe close to the railes) to
+gather it up out of the sea, and to fasten it thereto, being in the meane
+while oft-times ducked ouer head and eares into the sea.
+
+These stormes were so terrible, that there were some in our company which
+confessed they had gone to seas for the space of 20. yeeres, and had neuer
+seene the like, and vowed that if euer they returned safe home, they would
+neuer come to sea againe.
+
+The last of Nouember at night we met with an English ship, out of which
+(because it was too late that night) it was agreed that we should haue had
+the next morning two or three Tunnes of wine, which, as they said, was al
+the prouision of drink they had, saue only a But or two, which they must
+needs reserue for their owne vse: but after that, we heard of them no more,
+till they were set on ground vpon the coast of Ireland, where it appeared
+that they might haue spared vs much more then they pretended they could, so
+as they might wel haue relieued our great necessities, and haue had
+sufficient for themselues besides, to bring them into England.
+
+The first of December at night we spake with another English ship, and had
+some beere out of her, but not sufficient to cary vs into England, so that
+wee were constrained to put into Ireland, the winde so seruing.
+
+The next day we came to an anker, not far from the S. Kelmes vnder the land
+and winde, where we were somewhat more quiet, but (that being no safe
+harbour to ride in) the next morning wee went about to weigh anker, but
+hauing some of our men hurt at the Capsten, wee were faine to giue ouer and
+leaue it behinde, holding on our course to Ventrie hauen, where wee safely
+arriued the same day, that place being a very safe and conuenient harbor
+for vs, that now wee might sing as we had iust cause, They that go downe to
+the sea, &c.
+
+So soone as we had ankered here my Lord went foorthwith to shoare, and
+brought presently fresh water and fresh victuals, as Muttons, pigges,
+hennes, &c. to refresh his company withall. Notwithstanding himselfe had
+lately bene very weake, and tasted of the same extremitie that his Company
+did: For in the time of our former want, hauing a little fresh water left
+him remaining in a pot, in the night it was broken, and the water drunke
+and dried vp. Soone after the sicke and wounded men were carried to the
+next principall Towne, called Dingenacush, being about three miles distant
+from the foresaide hauen, where our shippe roade, to the Eastwards, that
+there they might be the better refreshed, and had the Chirurgians dayly to
+attend vpon them. Here we wel refreshed our selues whilest the Irish harpe
+sounded sweetely in our eares, and here we, who for the former extremities
+were in maner halfe dead, had our liues (as it were) restored vnto vs
+againe.
+
+This Dingenacush is the chiefe Towne in al that part of Ireland, it
+consisteth but of one maine streete, from whence some smaller doe proceede
+on either side. It hath had gates (as it seemeth) in times past at either
+ende to open and shut as a Towne of warre, and a Castle also. The houses
+are very strongly built with thicke stone walles, and narrow windowes like
+vnto Castles: for as they confessed, in time of trouble, by reason of the
+wilde Irish or otherwise, they vsed their houses for their defence as
+Castles. The castle and all the houses in the Towne, saue foure, were won,
+burnt, and ruinated by the Erle of Desmond.
+
+These foure houses fortified themselues against him, and withstood him and
+all his power perforce, so as he could not winne them.
+
+There remaineth yet a thicke stone wall that passeth ouerthwart the midst
+of the streete which was a part of their fortification. Notwithstanding
+whilest they thus defended themselues, as some of them yet aliue confessed,
+they were driuen to as great extremities as the Iewes, besieged by Titus
+the Romane Emperour, insomuch that they were constrained to eat dead mens
+carcases for hunger. The towne is nowe againe somewhat repaired, but in
+effect there remaine but the ruines of the former Towne. Commonly they haue
+no chimnies in their houses, excepting them of the better sort, so that the
+smoake was very troublsom to vs, while we continued there; Their fewell is
+turfes, which they haue very good, and whinnes or furres. There groweth
+little wood thereabouts, which maketh building chargeable there: as also
+want of lime (as they reported) which they are faine to fetch from farre,
+when they haue neede thereof. But of stones there is store ynough, so that
+with them they commonly make their hedges to part ech mans ground from
+other: and the ground seemeth to be nothing else within but rockes and
+stones; Yet it is very fruitfull and plentifull of grasse and graine, as
+may appeare by the abundance of kine and cattell there: insomuch that we
+had good muttons (though somewhat lesse then ours in England) for two
+shillings or fiue groates a piece, good pigges and hennes for 3 pence a
+piece.
+
+The greatest want is industrious, paineful, and husbandly inhabitants to
+till and trimme the ground: for the common sort, if they can prouide
+sufficient to serue from hand to mouth, take no further care.
+
+Of money (as it seemeth) there is very store amongst them, which perhaps
+was the cause that made them double and triple the prizes of many things we
+bought of them, more then they were before our comming thither.
+
+Good land was here to be had for foure pence the Acre yeerely rent.
+[Sidenote: Mines in Ireland.] There are Mines of Alome, Tinne, brasse, and
+yron. Stones wee sawe there as cleare as Christall, naturally squared like
+Diamonds.
+
+That part of the Countrey is al full of great mountaines and hills, from
+whence came running downe the pleasant streames of sweete fresh running
+water. The natural hardnesse of the Nation appeareth in this, that their
+small children runne vsually in the middest of Winter vp and downe the
+streetes bare-foote and bare-legged, with no other apparell (many times)
+saue onely a mantle to couer their nakednesse.
+
+The chiefe Officer of their Towne they call their Soueraigne, who hath the
+same office and authoritie among them that our Maiors haue with vs in
+England, and hath his Sergeants to attend vpon him, and beare the Mace
+before him as our Maiors.
+
+We were first intertained at the Soueraignes house, which was one of those
+4. that withstood the Erle of Desmond in his rebellion. They haue the same
+forme of Common prayer word word in Latin, that we haue here in England.
+Vpon the Sunday the Soueraigne commeth into the Church with his Sergeant
+before him, and the Sheriffe and others of the Towne accompany him, and
+there they kneele downe euery man by himselfe priuately to make his
+prayers. After this they rise and go out of the Church againe to drinke,
+which being done, they returne againe into the Church, and then the
+Minister beginneth prayers.
+
+Their maner of baptizing differeth something from ours: part of the seruice
+belonging therto is repeated in Latin, and part in Irish. The minister
+taketh the child in his hands, and first dippeth it backwards, and then
+forwards, ouer heads and eares into the cold water in the midst of Winter,
+whereby also may appeare their naturall hardnesse, (as before was
+specified.) They had neither Bell, drum, nor trumpet, to call the
+Parishioners together, but they expect till their Soueraigne come, and then
+they that haue any deuotion follow him.
+
+They make their bread all in cakes, and, for the tenth part, the bakers
+bake for all the towne.
+
+We had of them some 10. or 11. Tunnes of beere for the Victory, but it
+proued like a present purgation to them that tooke it, so that we chose
+rather to drinke water then it.
+
+The 20 of December we loosed from hence, hauing well prouided ourselues of
+fresh, water, and other things necessary, being accompanied with sir Edw.
+Dennie, his Lady, and two yong sonnes.
+
+This day in the morning my Lord going ashoare to despatch away speedily
+some fresh water that remained for the Victory, the winde being very faire
+for vs, brought vs newes that their were 60. Spanish prizes taken and
+brought to England. For two or three dayes wee had a faire winde, but
+afterwards it scanted so, that (as I said before) we were faine to keepe a
+cold Christmas with The Bishop and his clearkes.
+
+[Sidenote: Captaine Lister drowned.] After this we met with an English
+ship, that brought vs ioyful newes of 91. Spanish prizes that were come to
+England: and sorrowfull newes withall, that the last and best prize we
+tooke, had suffered shipwracke at a place vpon the coast of Cornwal which
+the Cornish men cals Als Efferne, that is, Helcliffe, and that Captaine
+Lister and all the men in the ship were drowned, saue 5. or 6. the one
+halfe English, the other Spanish that saued themselues with swimming; but
+notwithstanding much of the goods were saued, and reserued for vs, by sir
+Francis Godolphin and the worshipful gentlemen of the Countrey there. My
+Lord was very sorry for Captaine Listers death, wishing that he had lost
+his voyage to haue saued his life.
+
+The 29. of December we met with another shippe, that tolde vs the same
+newes, and that sir Martin Frobisher, and Captaine Reymond had taken the
+Admirall and Vice-Admirall of the Fleet that we espied going to Terçera
+hauen. But the Admirall was sunke with much leaking, neere to the Idy
+Stone, a rocke that lieth ouer against Plimouth sound, and the men were
+saued.
+
+This ship also certified vs that Captaine Prestons ship had taken a prize
+loden with siluer. My Lord entred presently into this ship, and went to
+Falmouth, and we held on our course for Plimouth. At night we came neere to
+the Ram-head (the next Cape Westwards from Plimouth sound) but we were
+afraid to double it in the night, misdoubting the scantnesse of the winde.
+So we stood off to Sea halfe the night, and towards morning had the winde
+more large, and made too little spare thereof, that partly for this cause,
+and partly through mistaking of the land, wee were driuen so much to
+lee-wards, that we could not double that Cape: Therefore we returned backe
+againe, and came into Falmouth hauen, where wee strucke on ground in 17.
+foote water: but it was a low ebbe, and ready againe to flowe, and the
+ground soft, so as no hurt was done. Here with gladnesse wee set foote
+againe vpon the English ground (long desired) and refreshed ourselues with
+keeping part of Christmas vpon our natiue soile.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The valiant fight performed by 10. Merchants ships of London, against 12.
+  Spanish gallies in the Straights of Gibraltar, the 24. of April 1590.
+
+It is not long since sundry valiant ships appertaining to the Marchants of
+London, were fraighted and rigged forth, some for Venice, some for
+Constantinople, and some to sundry other places of trafique, among whom
+these ensuing met within the Straights of Gibraltar, as they were taking
+their course homewards, having before escaped all other danger. [Sidenote:
+February 1590] The first whereof was the Salomon appertaining to M.
+Alderman Barnam of London, and M. Bond, and M. Twyd of Harwich: which went
+foorth the first day of February last. The second was the Margaret and Iohn
+belonging to M. Wats of London: The thirde was the Minion: The fourth was
+the Ascension. The fifth was the Centurion of Master Cordal: the sixt the
+Violet: the seuenth the Samuel; the eight the Crescent: the ninth the
+Elizabeth: and the 10. was the Richard belonging to M. Duffield. All these
+ships being of notable and approued seruice comming neere to the mouth of
+the Straights hard by the coast of Barbary, descried twelue tall Gallies
+brauely furnished and strongly prouided with men and munition, ready to
+seaze vpon these English ships: which being perceiued by the Captaines and
+Masters thereof, wee made speedy preparation for the defence of our selues,
+still waiting all the night long for the approching of the enemie. In the
+morning early being the Tuesday in Easter weeke, and the 24 of April 1590
+according to our vsual customes, we said Seruice and made our prayers vnto
+Almightie God, beseeching him to saue vs from the hands of such tyrants as
+the Spaniards, whom we iustly imagined to be, and whom we knew and had
+found to be our most mortall enemies vpon the Sea. And hauing finished our
+prayers, and set ourselues in a readinesse, we perceiued them to come
+towards vs, and that they were indeede the Spanish Gallies that lay vnder
+the conduct of Andre Doria, who is Vice-roy for the King of Spaine in the
+Straights of Gibraltar, and a notable knowne enemie to all Englishmen. So
+when they came somewhat neerer vnto vs, they waued vs a maine for the King
+of Spaine, and wee waued them a maine for the Queene of England, at which
+time it pleased Almightie God greatly to encourage vs all in such sort, as
+that the neerer they came the lesse we feared their great multitudes and
+huge number of men, which were planted in those Gallies to the number of
+two or three hundred men in ech Gallie. And it was thus concluded among vs,
+that the foure first and tallest ships should be placed hindmost, and the
+weaker and smallest ships formost, and so it was performed, every man being
+ready to take part of such successe as it should please God to send.
+
+And the first encounter the Gallies came vpon vs very fiercely, yet God so
+strengthened vs, that if they had bene ten times more, we had not feared
+them at all. Whereupon the Salomon being a hot shippe, and hauing sundry
+cast pieces in her, gaue the first shotte in such a sowre sort, as that it
+shared away so many men as sate on the one side of a Gallie, and pierced
+her through in such maner, as that she was readie to sinke, which made them
+to assault vs the more fiercely. [Sidenote: A fight of sixe houres long.]
+Whereupon the rest of our shippes, especially the foure chiefest, namely,
+the Margaret and Iohn, the Minion, and the Ascension followed, and gaue a
+hot charge vpon them, and they at vs, where began a hot and fierce battaile
+with great valiancie the one against the other, and so continued for the
+space of sixe houres. [Sidenote: A faint hearted Fleming.] About the
+beginning of this our fight there came two Flemings to our Fleet, who
+seeing the force of the Gallies to be so great, the one of them presently
+yeelded, strooke his sailes, and was taken by the Gallies, whereas if they
+would haue offered themselues to haue fought in our behalfe and their owne
+defence, they needed not to haue bene taken so cowardly as they were to
+their cost. The other Fleming being also ready to performe the like piece
+of seruice began to vaile his sailes, and intended to haue yeelded
+immediatly. But the Trumpetter in that shippe plucked foorth his faulchion
+and stepped to the Pilote at the helme, and vowed that if he did not
+speedily put off to the English Fleete, and so take part with them, he
+would presently kill him: which the Pilote for feare of death did, and so
+by that meanes they were defended from present death, and from the tyrannie
+of those Spaniards, which doubtlesse they should haue found at their
+handes.
+
+Thus we continued in fight sixe houres and somewhat more, wherein God gaue
+vs the vpper hand, and we escaped the hands of so many enemies, who were
+constrained to flie into harbour and shroude themselues from vs, and with
+speed to seeke for their owne safetie. This was the handie worke of God,
+who defended vs all from danger in such sort, as that there was not one man
+of vs slaine. And in all this fierce assault made vpon vs by the Spanish
+power, wee sustained no hurt or damage at all more then this, that the
+shrouds and backe-stay of the Salomon, who gaue the first and last shot,
+and galled the enemie shrewdly all the time of the battell, were cleane
+stricken off.
+
+The battel being ceased, we were constrained for want of wind to stay and
+waft vp and downe, and then went backe againe to Tition in Barbary, which
+is sixe leagues off from Gibraltar, and when we came thither we found the
+people wonderous fauourable to vs, who being but Moores and heathen people
+shewed vs where to haue fresh water and al other necessaries for vs. And
+there we had such good intertainment, as if we had bene in any place of
+England.
+
+The gouernour was one that fauoured vs greatly, whom wee in respect of his
+great friendship presented with giftes and such commodities as we had in
+our custodie, which he wonderfully wel accepted of: and here we stayed
+foure dayes.
+
+After the battell was ceased, which was on Easter Tuesday, we
+stayed for want of winde before Gibraltar, vntill the next morning,
+where we were becalmed, and therefore looked euery houre when
+they would haue sent foorth some fresh supply against vs, but
+they were farre vnable to doe it, for all their Gallies were so sore
+battered, that they durst not come foorth of the harbour, by reason
+of our hot resistance which they so lately before had receiued.
+Yet were they greatly vrged thereunto by the Gouernour of the
+said Towne of Gibraltar.
+
+At our being at Tition in Barbary, there we heard report of the hurt that
+wee had done to the Gallies, for at our comming from them wee could not
+well discerne any thing at all by reason of the smoake which the powder had
+made: there we heard that we had almost spoiled those twelue Gallies by
+shooting them cleane through, that two of them were ready to sinke, and
+that wee had slaine of their men such great abundance, as that they were
+not able to furnish forth any more Gallies at all for that yeere.
+
+Thus after we came from Tition, we assayed to depart the Straight three
+seuerall times, but could not passe, yet, God be thanked, the fourth time
+wee came safely away, and so sailed with a pleasant winde vntil wee came
+vpon the coast of England, which was in the beginning of the moneth of Iuly
+1590.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The valiant fight performed in the Straight of Gibraltar, by the Centurion
+  of London, against the fiue Spanish Gallies, in the moneth of April 1591.
+
+In the moneth of Nouember 1590, there were sundry shippes appertaining to
+seuerall Marchants of London, which were rigged and fraught foorth with
+marchandize, for sundry places within the Straight of Gibraltar: who,
+together hauing winde and weather, which ofttime fell out very vncertaine,
+arriued safely in short space, at such places as they desired. Among whom
+was the Centurion of London, a very tall shippe of burden, yet but weakely
+manned, as appeareth by this discourse following.
+
+This aforesaid shippe called The Centurion safely arriued at Marseils,
+where after they had deliuered their goods, they stayed about the space of
+fiue weekes, and better, and then tooke in lading, intending to returne to
+England.
+
+Now when the Centurion was ready to come away from Marseils, there were
+sundry other shippes of smaller burden which entreated the Master thereof,
+(whose name is Robert Bradshaw, dwelling at Lime-house) to stay a day or
+two for them, vntill they were in a readinesse to depart with them, thereby
+perswading them, that it would be farre better for them to stay and goe
+together in respect of their assistance, then to depart of themselues
+without company, and so happily for want of aide fall into the hands of
+their enemies in the Spanish Gallies. Vpon which reasonable perswasion,
+notwithstanding that this shippe was of such sufficiencie as they might
+hazard her in the danger of the Sea, yet they stayed for those litle
+shippes; according to their request, who together did put to Sea from
+Marseils, and vowed in generall not to flie one from another, if they
+should happen to meete with any Spanish Gallies.
+
+These small shippes, accompanied with the Centurion, sayling along the
+coast of Spaine, were ypon Easter day in the Straight of Gibraltar suddenly
+becalmed, where immediatly they saw sundry Gallies make towards them, in
+very valiant and couragious sort: the chiefe Leaders and souldiers in those
+Gallies brauely apparelled in silke coates, with their siluer whistles
+about their neckes, and great plumes of feathers in their hattes, who with
+their Caliuers shot at the Centurion so fast as they might: so that by 10.
+of the clocke and somewhat before, they had boorded the Centurion, who
+before their comming had prepared for them, and intended to giue them so
+soure a welcome as they might. And thereupon hauing prepared their close
+fights, and all things in a readinesse, they called vpon God, on whom onely
+they trusted: and hauing made their prayers, and cheered vp one another to
+fight so long as life endured, they beganne to discharge their great
+Ordinance vpon the Gallies, but the little shippes durst not come forward,
+but lay aloofe, while fiue Gallies had boorded them, yea and with their
+grapling irons made their Gallies fast to the said shippe called the
+Centurion.
+
+The Gallies were grapled to the Centurion in this maner, two lay on one
+side and two on another, and the Admirall lay full in the stern, which
+galled and battered the Centurion so sore, that her maine Maste was greatly
+weakened, her sailes filled with many holes, and the Mizzen and sterne made
+almost vnseruiceable.
+
+During which time there was a sore and deadly fight on both sides, in which
+the Trumpet of the Centurion sounded foorth the deadly points of warre, and
+encouraged them to fight manfully against their aduersaries: on the
+contrary part, there was no warlike Musicke in the Spanish Gallies, but
+onely their whistles of siluer, which they sounded foorth to their owne
+contentment: in which fight many a Spaniard was turned into the Sea, and
+they in multitudes came crauling and hung vpon the side of the shippe,
+intending to haue entred into the same, but such was the courage of the
+Englishmen, that so fast as the Spaniards did come to enter, they gaue them
+such entertainment, that some of them were glad to tumble aliue into the
+Sea, being remedilesse for euer to get vp aliue. In the Centurion there
+were in all, of men and boyes, fourtie and eight, who together fought most
+valiantly, and so galled the enemie, that many a braue and lustie Spaniard
+lost his life in that place.
+
+The Centurion was fired seuerall times, with wilde fire and other
+prouision, which the Spaniards, threw in for that purpose: yet, God be
+thanked, by the great and diligent foresight of the Master it did no harme
+at all.
+
+In euery of the Gallies there were about 200. souldiers: who together with
+the shot, spoiled, rent, and battered the Centurion very sore, shot through
+her maine Maste, and slew 4. of the men in the said shippe, the one of them
+being the Masters mate.
+
+Ten other persons were hurt, by meanes of splinters which the Spaniards
+shotte: yea, in the ende when their prouision was almost spent, they were
+constrained to shoote at them hammers, and the chaines from their slaues,
+and yet God bee thanked, they receiued no more domage: but by spoyling and
+ouer-wearying of the Spaniards, the Englishmen constrained them to
+vngrapple themselues, and get them going: and sure if there had bene any
+other fresh shippe or succour to haue relieued and assisted the Centurion,
+they had slaine, suncke, or taken all those Gallies and their Souldiers.
+
+The Dolphin lay a loofe off and durst not come neere, while the other two
+small shippes fledde away, so that one of the Gallies went from the
+Centurion and set vpon the Dolphin, which shippe immediatly was set on fire
+with their owne powder, whereby both men and shippe perished: but whether
+it was with their good wills or no, that was not knowen vnto the Centurion,
+but sure, if it had come forward, and bene an aide vnto the Centurion, it
+is to bee supposed that it had not perished.
+
+Fiue houres and a halfe this fight continued, in which time both were glad
+to depart onely to breath themselues, but when the Spaniards were gone,
+they neuer durst returne to fight, yet the next day sixe other Gallies came
+and looked at them, but durst not at any hand meddle with them.
+
+Thus God deliuered them from the handes of their enemies, and gaue them the
+victorie: For which they heartily praised him, and not long after safely
+arriued in London.
+
+[Symbol: fist] There were present at this fight Master Iohn Hawes Marchaht,
+  and sundry other of good accompt.
+
+       *       *       *       *      *
+
+A report of the trueth of the fight about the Iles of Açores, the last of
+  August 1591, betwixt the Reuenge one of her Maiesties shippes, and an
+  Armada of the king of Spaine; penned by the honourable Sir Walter Ralegh
+  knight.
+
+Because the rumours are diuersely spred, as well in England as in the Lowe
+countries and elsewhere, of this late encounter betweene her Maiesties
+ships and the Armada of Spaine; and that the Spaniards according to their
+vsuall maner fill the world with their vaine-glorious vaunts, making great
+apparance of victories, when on the contrary, themselues are most commonly
+and shamefully beaten and dishonoured; thereby hoping to possesse the
+ignorant multitude by anticipating and forerunning false reports: It is
+agreeable with all good reason, for manifestation of the truth, to ouercome
+falshood and vntrueth; that the beginning, continuance and successe of this
+late honourable encounter of Sir Richard Greenuil, and other her Maiesties
+Captaines, with the Armada of Spaine; should be truely set downe and
+published without partialitie or false imaginations. And it is no marueile
+that the Spaniard should seeke by false and slanderous pamphlets, aduisoes
+and Letters, to couer their owne losse, and to derogate from others their
+due honors, especially in this fight being performed far off: seeing they
+were not ashamed in the yeere 1588. when they purposed the inuasion of this
+land, to publish in sundry languages in print, great victories in wordes,
+which they pleaded to haue obteined against this Realme; and spred the same
+in a most false sort ouer all parts of France, Italy, and elsewhere. When
+shortly after it was happily manifested in very deed to al Nations, how
+their Nauy which they termed inuincible, consisting of 140. saile of
+shippes, not onely of their owne kingdome, but strengthened with the
+greatest Argosies, Portugal Caracks, Florentines, and huge hulks of other
+Countreis, were by 30. of her Majesties owne ships of war, and a few of our
+owne Marchants, by the wise, valiant, and aduantagious conduct of the L.
+Charles Howard high Admirall of England, beaten and shuffled together; euen
+from the Lizard in Cornwall first to Portland, where they shamefully left
+Don Pedro de Valdes, with his mighty ship; from Portland to Cales, where
+they lost Hugo de Moncado, with the Gallies of which he was Captaine, and
+from Cales, driuen with squibs from their anchors, were chased out of the
+sight of England, round about Scotland and Ireland. Where for the sympathie
+of their barbarous religion, hoping to finde succour and assistance, a
+great part of them were crusht against the rocks, and those other that
+landed, being very many in number, were notwithstanding broken, slaine, and
+taken, and so sent from village to village coupled in halters, to be
+shipped into England. Where her Maiestie of her Princely and inuincible
+disposition, disdaining to put them to death, and scorning either to
+retaine or entertaine them: they were all sent backe againe to their
+countreys, to witnes and recount the worthy achieuements of their
+inuincible and dreadfull Nauy: Of which the number of Souldiers, the
+fearefull burthen of their shippes, the commanders names of euery squadron,
+with all other their magasines of prouisions, were put in print, as an Army
+and Nauy vnresistable, and disdaining preuention. With all which so great
+and terrible an ostentation, they did not in all their sailing round about
+England, so much as sinke or take one shippe, Barke, Pinnesse, or Cockbote
+of ours: or euer burnt so much as one sheepecote of this land. When as on
+the contrarie, Sir Francis Drake, with onely 800. souldiers not long
+before, landed in their Indies, and forced Sant-Iago, Santo Domingo,
+Cartagena, and the forts of Florida.
+
+And after that, Sir Iohn Norris marched from Peniche in Portugall, with a
+handfull of souldiers, to the gates of Lisbone, being aboue 40 English
+miles. Where the Earle of Essex himselfe and other valiant Gentlemen braued
+the Citie of Lisbone, encamped at the very gates; from whence, after many
+dayes abode, finding neither promised partie, nor provision to batter; they
+made retrait by land, in despight of all their Garrisons, both of horse and
+foote. In this sort I haue a little digressed from my first purpose, onely
+by the necessarie comparison of theirs and our actions: the one couetous of
+honour without vaunt of ostentation; the other so greedy to purchase the
+opinion of their owne affaires, and by false rumors to resist the blasts of
+their owne dishonours, as they, will not onely not blush to spread all
+manner of vntruthes: but euen for the least aduantage, be it but for the
+taking of one poore aduenturer of the English, will celebrate the victory
+with bonefires in euery towne, alwayes spending more in faggots, then the
+purchass was worth they obtained. When as we neuer thought it worth the
+consumption of two billets, when we haue taken eight or ten of their Indian
+shippes at one time, and twentie of the Brasill fleete. Such is the
+difference betweene true valure, and ostentation: and betweene honorable
+actions, and friuolous vaineglorious vaunts. But now to returne to my
+purpose.
+
+The L. Thomas Howard with sixe of her Maiesties shippes, sixe victuallers
+of London, the Barke Ralegh, and two or three other Pinnases riding at
+anker neere vnto Flores, one of the Westerly Ilands of the Azores, the last
+of August in the afternoone, had intelligence by one Captaine Middleton of
+the approch of the Spanish Armada. Which Middteton being in a very good
+sailer had kept them company three dayes before, of good purpose, both to
+discouer their forces the more, as also to giue aduise to my L. Thomas of
+their approch. Hee had no sooner deliuered the newes but the fleete was in
+sight: many of our shippes companies were on shore in the Ilande; some
+providing ballast for their ships; others filling of water and refreshing
+themselues from the land with such things as they could either for money,
+or by force recouer. By reason whereof our ships being all pestered and
+romaging euery thing out of order, very light for want of balast, and that
+which was most to our disadvantage, the one halfe part of the men of euery
+shippe sicke, and vtterly vnseruiceable: for in the Reuenge there were
+ninety diseased: in the Bonauenture not so many in health as could handle
+her maine saile. For had not twenty men beene taken out of a Barque of sir
+George Careys, his being commaunded to be sunke, and those appointed to
+her, she had hardly euer recouered England. The rest, for the most parte,
+were in little better state. The names of her Maiesties shippes were these
+as followeth, the Defiance, which was Admiral, the Reuenge Vice-admirall,
+the Bonauenture commaunded by Captaine Crosse, the Lion by George Fenner,
+the Foresight by M. Thomas Vauasour, and the Crane by Duffild. The
+Foresight and the Crane being but smal ships; only the other were of the
+middle size; the rest, besides the Barke Ralegh, commanded by Captaine
+Thin, were victuallers, and of small force or none. The Spanish Fleet
+hauing shrouded their approch by reason of the Island; were now so soone at
+hand, as our shippes had scarce time to way their anchors, but some of them
+were driuen to let slippe their Cables and set saile. Sir Richard Grinuile
+was the last that wayed, to recouer the men that were vpon the Island,
+which otherwise had bene lost. The L. Thomas with the rest very hardly
+recouered the winde, which Sir Richard Grinuile not being able to doe, was
+perswaded by the Master and others to cut his maine sayle, and cast about,
+and to trust to the sayling of the ship; for the squadron of Siuil were on
+his weather bow. But Sir Richard vtterly refused to turne from the enemie,
+alleaging that hee would rather choose to die, then to dishonour himselfe,
+his countrey, and her Maiesties shippe, perswading his companie that hee
+would passe through the two squadrons, in despight of them, and enforce
+those of Siuil to giue him way. Which hee performed vpon divers of the
+formost, who, as the Mariners terme it, sprang their luffe, and fell vnder
+the lee of the Reuenge. But the other course had beene the better, and
+might right well haue bene answered in so great an impossibility of
+preuailing. Notwithstanding out of the greatnesse of his minde, he could
+not be perswaded. In the meane while as hee attended those which were
+nearest him, the great San Philip being in the winde of him, and comming
+towards him, becalmed his sailes in such sort, as the shippe could neither
+make way, nor feele the helme: so huge and high carged [Footnote: From the
+French, _carguer_ to furl.] was the Spanish ship, being of a thousand and
+fiue hundreth tuns. Who after layd the Reuenge aboord. When he was thus
+bereft of his sailes, the ships that were vnder his lee luffing vp, also
+layd him aboord: of which the next was the Admiral of the Biscaines, a very
+mighty and puissant shippe commanded by Brittandona. The sayd Philip
+carried three tire of ordinance on a side, and eleuen pieces in euery tire.
+She shot eight forth right out of her chase, besides those of her sterne
+ports.
+
+After the Reuenge was entangled with this Philip, foure other boorded her:
+two on her larbood, and two on her starboord. The fight thus beginning at
+three of the clock in the afternoone, continued very terrible all that
+euening. But the great San Philip hauing receiued the lower tire of the
+Reuenge, discharged with crosse bar-shot, shifted her selfe with all
+diligence from her sides, vtterly misliking her first entertainement. Some
+say that the shippe foundred, but we cannot report it for truth, vnlesse we
+were assured. The Spanish ships were filled with companies of souldiers, in
+some two hundred besides the mariners; in some fiue, in others eight
+hundreth. In ours there were none at all besides the mariners; but the
+seruants of the commanders and some few voluntary gentlemen onely. After
+many interchanged volies of great ordinance and small shot, the Spaniards
+deliberated to enter the Reuenge, and made diuers attempts, hoping to force
+her by the multitudes of her armed souldiers and Musketters, but were still
+repulsed againe and againe, and at all times beaten backe into their owne
+ships, or into the seas. In the beginning of the fight, the George Noble of
+London hauing receiued some shot thorow her by the Armadas, fell vnder the
+lee of the Reuenge, and asked Sir Richard what he would command him, being
+but one of the victuallers, and of small force: Sir Richard bid him saue
+himselfe, and leaue him to his fortune. After the fight had thus, without
+intermission, continued while the day lasted and some houres of the night,
+many of our men slaine and hurte, and one of the great Gallions of the
+Armada, and the Admirall of the Hulkes both sunke, and in many other of the
+Spanish shippes great slaughter was made. Some write that Sir Richard was
+very dangerously hurt almost in the beginning of the fight, and lay
+speechlesse for a time ere hee recovered. But two of the Reuenges owne
+company, brought home in a ship of Lime from the Ilandes, examined by some
+of the Lordes, and others, affirmed that hee was neuer so wounded as that
+hee forsooke the vpper decke, till an houre before midnight; and then being
+shot into the bodie with a Musket as hee was a dressing, was againe shot
+into the head, and withall his Chirurgion wounded to death. This agreeth
+also with an examination taken by sir Francis Godolphin, of foure other
+mariners of the same shippe being returned, which examination, the said sir
+Francis sent vnto master William Killegrue, of her Maiesties priuy Chamber.
+
+But to returne to the fight, the Spanish ships which attempted to bord the
+Reuenge, as they were wounded and beaten off, so alwayes others came in
+their places, she hauing neuer lesse then two mighty Gallions by her sides,
+and aboard her: So that ere the morning, from three of the clocke the day
+before, there had fifteene seuerall Armadas assayled her; and all so ill
+approued their entertainment, as they were by the breake of day, far more
+willing to harken to a composition, then hastily to make any more assaults
+or entries. But as the day encreased, so our men decreased: and as the
+light grew more and more, by so much more grewe our discomforts. For none
+appeared in sight but enemies, sauing one small ship called the Pilgrim,
+commaunded by Iacob Whiddon, who houered all night to see the successe: but
+in the morning bearing with the Reuenge, was hunted like a hare amongst
+many rauenous houndes, but escaped.
+
+All the powder of the Reuenge to the last barrell was now spent, all her
+pikes broken, fortie of her best men slaine, and the most part of the rest
+hurt. In the beginning of the fight shee had but one hundreth free from
+sicknes, and fourescore and ten sicke, laid in hold vpon the Ballast. A
+small troup to man such a ship, and a weake garrison to resist so mighty an
+army. By those hundred al was susteined, the voleis, boordings, and
+entrings of fifteen ships of warre, besides those which beat her at large.
+On the contrary, the Spanish were always supplied with souldiers brought
+from euery squadron: all maner of Armes and powder at will. Vnto ours there
+remained no comfort at all, no hope, no supply either of ships, men, or
+weapons; the Mastes all beaten ouer board, all her tackle cut asunder, her
+vpper worke altogether rased, and in effect euened shee was with the water,
+but the very foundation or bottome of a ship, nothing being left ouer head
+either for flight or defence. [Sidenote: The Spanish 53 saile.] Sir Richard
+finding himselfe in this distress, and vnable any longer to make
+resistance, hauing endured in this fifteene houres fight, the assault of
+fifteene seuerall Armadas, all by turnes aboord him, and by estimation
+eight hundred shotte of great Artillerie, besides many assaults and
+entries; and that himselfe and the shippe must needes be possessed by the
+enemy, who were now all cast in a ring round about him (The Reuenge not
+able to moue one way or the other, but as she was moued with the waues and
+billow of the sea) commanded the Master gunner, whom hee knew to be a most
+resolute man, to split and sinke the shippe; that thereby nothing might
+remaine of glory or victory to the Spaniards: seeing in so many houres
+fight, and with so great a Nauie they were not able to take her, hauing had
+fifteene houres time, aboue ten thousand men, and fiftie and three saile of
+men of warre to performe it withall: and perswaded the company, or as many
+as hee could induce, to yeelde themselues vnto God, and to the mercie of
+none else; but as they had, like valiant resolute men, repulsed so many
+enemies, they should not nowe shorten the honour of their Nation, by
+prolonging their owne liues for a few houres, or a fewe dayes. The Master
+gunner readily condescended and diuers others; but the Captaine and the
+Master were of another opinion, and besought Sir Richard to haue care of
+them: alleaging that the Spaniard would be as ready to entertaine a
+composition, as they were willing to offer the same: and that there being
+diuers sufficient and valiant men yet liuing, and whose wounds were not
+mortal, they might do their Countrey and prince acceptable seruice
+hereafter. And whereas Sir Richard had alleaged that the Spaniards should
+neuer glory to haue taken one shippe of her Maiestie, seeing they had so
+long and so notably defended themselues; they answered, that the shippe had
+sixe foote water in holde, three shot vnder water, which were so weakely
+stopped, as with the working of the sea, she must needs sinke, and was
+besides so crusht and brused, as shee could neuer be remoued out of the
+place.
+
+And as the matter was thus in dispute, and Sir Richard refusing to hearken
+to any of those reasons: the Master of the Reuenge (while the Captaine
+wanne vnto him the greater party) was conuoyd aboord the Generall Don
+Alfonso Baçan: Who (finding none ouer hastie to enter the Reuenge againe,
+doubting least Sir Richard would haue blowne them vp and himselfe, and
+perceiuing by report of the Master of the Reuenge his dangerous
+disposition) yeelded that all their liues should be saued, the company sent
+for England, and the better sort to pay such reasonable ransome as their
+estate would beare, and in the meane season to be free from Gally or
+imprisonment. To this he so much the rather condescended as wel, as I haue
+said, for feare of further losse and mischiefe to themselues, as also for
+the desire he had to recouer Sir Richard Greenuil; whom for his notable
+valure he seemed greatly to honour and admire.
+
+When this answere was returned, and that safetie of life was promised, the
+common sort being now at the ende of their perill, the most drew backe from
+Sir Richard and the Master gunner, being no hard matter to disswade men
+from death to life. The Master gunner finding himselfe and Sir Richard thus
+preuented and mastered by the greater number, would haue slaine himselfe
+with a sword, had he not bene by force with-held and locked into his
+Cabben. Then the Generall sent many boates aboord the Reuenge, and diuers
+of our men fearing Sir Richards disposition, stole away aboord the Generall
+and other shippes. Sir Richard thus ouermatched, was sent vnto by Alfonso
+Baçan to remooue out of the Reuenge, the shippe being marueilous vnsauorie,
+filled with blood and bodies of dead, and wounded men like a slaughter
+house. Sir Richard answered that hee might doe with his body what he list,
+for hee esteemed it not, and as he was carried out of the shippe hee
+swounded, and reuiuing againe desired the company to pray for him. The
+Generall vsed Sir Richard with all humanitie, and left nothing vnattempted
+that tended to his recouery, highly commending his valour and worthinesse,
+and greatly bewailing the danger wherein he was, being vnto them a rare
+spectacle, and a resolution seldome approoued, to see one shippe turne
+toward so many enemies, to endure the charge and boording of so many huge
+Armadas, and to resist and repell the assaults and entries of so many
+souldiers. All which and more is confirmed by a Spanish Captaine of the
+same Armada, and a present actor in the fight, who being seuered from the
+rest in a storme, was by the Lion of London a small ship taken, and is now
+prisoner in London.
+
+The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to
+the Marques of Santa Cruz. The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was
+Britandona. Of the squadron of Siuil, the Marques of Arumburch. The Hulkes
+and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho. There were slaine and drowned
+in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall
+commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as
+the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account,
+whereof as yet report is not made.
+
+The Admirall of the Hulkes and the Ascension of Siuil were both sunke by
+the side of the Reuenge; one other recouered the rode of Saint Michael, and
+sunke also there; a fourth ranne her self with the shore to saue her men.
+Sir Richard died as it is sayd, the second or third day aboord the
+Generall, and was by them greatly bewailed. What became of his body,
+whether it were buried in the sea or on the land we know not: the comfort
+that remayneth to his friends is, that hee hath ended his life honourably
+in respect of the reputation wonne to his nation and countrey, and of the
+same to his posteritie, and that being dead, he hath not outliued his owne
+honour.
+
+For the rest of her Maiesties ships that entred not so farre into the fight
+as the Reuenge, the reasons and causes were these. There were of them but
+sixe in all, whereof two but small ships; the Reuenge ingaged past
+recouery: The Iland of Flores was on the one side, 53 saile of the Spanish,
+diuided into squadrons on the other, all as full filled with souldiers as
+they could containe: Almost the one halfe of our men sicke and not able to
+serue: the ships growne foule, vnroomaged, and scarcely able to beare any
+saile for want of ballast, hauing bene sixe moneths at the sea before. If
+all the rest had entred, all had bene lost: for the very hugenes of the
+Spanish fleete, if no other violence had beene offered, would haue crusht
+them betweene them into shiuers. Of which the dishonour and losse to the
+Queene had bene farre greater then the spoyle or harme that the enemie
+could any way haue receiued. Notwithstanding it is very true, that the Lord
+Thomas would haue entred betweene the squadrons, but the rest would not
+condescend; and the master of his owne ship offred to leape into the sea,
+rather then to conduct that her Maiesties ship and the rest to bee a pray
+to the enemie, where there was no hope nor possibilitie either of defence
+or victory. Which also in my opinion had ill sorted or answered the
+discretion and trust of a Generall, to commit himselfe and his charge to an
+assured destruction, without hope or any likelyhood of preuailing: thereby
+to diminish the strength of her Maiesties Nauy, and to enrich the pride and
+glory of the enemie. The Foresight of the Queenes commaunded by M. Thomas
+Vauisor performed a very great fight, and stayed two houres as neere the
+Reuenge as the weather would permit him, not forsaking the fight, till he
+was like to be encompassed by the squadrons, and with great difficultie
+cleared himselfe. The rest gaue diuers voleis of shot, and entred as farre
+as the place permitted, and their owne necessities, to keepe the weather
+gage of the enemie, vntill they were parted by night. A fewe dayes after
+the fight was ended, and the English prisoners dispersed into the Spanish
+and Indie ships, there arose so great a storme from the West and Northwest;
+that all the fleete was dispersed, as well the Indian fleete which were
+then come vnto them, as the rest of the Armada that attended their arriual,
+of which 14. saile together with the Reuenge, and in her 200. Spaniards,
+were cast away vpon the Isle of S. Michael. So it pleased them to honor the
+buriall of that renowmed ship the Reuenge, not suffering her to perish
+alone, for the great honour she atchieued in her life time. On the rest of
+the Ilandes there were cast away in this storme, 15 or 16 more of the ships
+of warre: and of an hundred and odde saile of the Indie fleete, expected
+this yeere in Spaine, what in this tempest, and what before in the bay of
+Mexico, and about the Bermudas, there were 70 and odde consumed and lost,
+with those taken by our shippes of London, besides one very rich Indian
+ship, which set herselfe on fire, beeing boarded by the Pilgrim, and fiue
+other taken by master Wats his ships of London, between the Hauana and Cape
+S. Antonio. The fourth of this moneth of Nouember we receiued letters from
+the Tercera, affirming that there are 3000 bodies of men remaining in that
+Iland, saued out of the perished ships: and that by the Spaniards owne
+confession, there are 10000 cast away in this storme, besides those that
+are perished betweene the Ilands and the maine. Thus it hath pleased God to
+fight for vs and to defend the iustice of our cause, against the ambicious
+and bloody pretenses of the Spaniard, who seeking to deuoure all nations,
+are themselues deuoured. A manifest testimony how iniust and displeasing,
+their attempts are in the sight of God, who hath pleased to witnes by the
+successe of their affaires, his mislike of their bloody and iniurious
+designes, purposed and practised against all Christian princes, ouer whom
+they seeke vnlawfull and vngodly rule and Empery.
+
+One day or two before this wracke happened to the Spanish fleete, when as
+some of our prisoners desired to be set on shore vpon the Ilandes, hoping
+to be from thence transported into England, which libertie was formerly by
+the Generall promised: One Morice Fitz Iohn, sonne of olde Iohn of Desmond,
+a notable traytour, cousin german to the late Earle of Desmond, was sent to
+the English from shippe to shippe, to perswade them to serue the King of
+Spaine. The arguments hee vsed to induce them were these. The increase of
+pay which he promised to be trebled: aduancement to the better sort: and
+the exercise of the true Catholique Religion, and safetie of their soules
+to all. For the first, euen the beggerly and vnnaturall behauiour of those
+English and Irish rebels, that serued the King in that present action, was
+sufficient to answere that first argument of rich pay. For so poore and
+beggerly they were, as for want of apparell they stripped their poore
+Countrey men prisoners out of their ragged garments, worne to nothing by
+sixe months seruice, and spared not to despoyle them euen of their bloody
+shirtes, from their wounded bodies, and the very shooes from their feete; A
+notable testimonie of their rich entertainment and great wages. The second
+reason was hope of aduancement if they serued well, and would continue
+faithfull to the King. But what man can be so blockishly ignorant euer to
+expect place or honour from a forraine King, hauing no other argument or
+perswasion then his owne disloyaltie; to be vnnatural to his owne Countrey
+that bred him; to his parents that begat him, and rebellious to his true
+Prince, to whose obedience he is bound by oath, by nature, and by Religion?
+No, they are onely assured to be employed in all desperate enterprises, to
+bee helde in scorne and disdaine euer among those whom they serue. And that
+euer traitour was either trusted or aduanced I could neuer yet reade,
+neither can I at this time remember any example. And no man coulde haue
+lesse becommed the place of an Orator for such a purpose, then this Morice
+of Desmond. For the Erle his cosen being one of the greatest subiects in
+that kingdom of Ireland, hauing almost whole Countreis in his possession;
+so many goodly Manners, castles, and lordships; the Count Palatine of
+Kerry, fiue hundred gentlemen of his owne name and family to follow him,
+besides others (all which he possessed in peace for three or foure hundred
+yeeres) was in lesse then three yeeres after his adhering to the Spaniards
+and rebellion, beaten from all his holdes, not so many as ten gentlemen of
+his name left liuing, himselfe taken and beheaded by a souldier of his owne
+nation, and his land giuen by a Parliament to her Maiestie, and possessed
+by the English: His other cosen Sir Iohn of Desmond taken by Master Iohn
+Zouch, and his body hanged ouer the gates of his natiue Citie to be
+deuoured by rauens: the thirde brother Sir Iames hanged, drawne, and
+quartered in the same place. If hee had withall vaunted of his successe of
+his owne house, no doubt the argument would haue mooued much, and wrought
+great effect: which because, hee for that present forgot, I thought it good
+to remember in his behalfe. For matter of Religion it would require a
+particular volume, if I should set downe how irreligiously they couer their
+greedy and ambicious pretenses, with that veile of pietie. But sure I am,
+that there is no kingdome or commonwealth in all Europe, but if they be
+reformed, they then inuade it for religion sake: if it bee, as they terme
+Catholique, they pretend title; as if the Kings of Castile were the
+naturall heires of all the world: and so betweene both, no kingdome is
+vnsought. Where they dare not with their owne forces to inuade, they basely
+entertaine the traitours and vagabonds of all Nations: seeking by those and
+by their runnagate Iesuits to winne parts, and haue by that meane ruined
+many Noble houses and others in this lande, and haue extinguished both
+their liues and families. What good, honour, or fortune euer man yet by
+them atchieued, is yet vnheard of, or vnwritten. And if our English Papists
+doe but looke into Portugall, against which they haue no pretense of
+Religion, how the Nobilitie are put to death, imprisoned, their rich men
+made a praye, and all sorts of people captiued; they shall finde that the
+obedience euen of the Turke is easie and a libertie, in respect of the
+slauerie and tyrannie of Spaine. What haue they done in Sicill, in Naples,
+Millaine, and in the Low countreis; who hath there bene spared for Religion
+at all: And it commeth to my remembrance of a certaine Burger of Antwerpe,
+whose house being entred by a company of Spanish souldiers, when they first
+sacked the Citie, hee besought them to spare him and his goods, being a
+good Catholique, and one of their owne partie and faction. The Spaniards
+answered, that they knew him to be of a good conscience for himselfe, but
+his money, plate, iewels, and goods were all hereticall, and therefore good
+prize. So they abused and tormented the foolish Fleming, who hoped that an
+Agnus Dei had bene a sufficient target against all force of that holy and
+charitable nation. Neither haue they at any time as they protest inuaded
+the kingdomes of the Indies and Peru, and elsewhere, but onely led
+thereunto, rather to reduce the people to Christianitie, then for either
+gold or Emperie. When as in one onely Island called Hispaniola, they haue
+wasted thirtie hundred thousand of the naturall people, besides many
+millions else in other places of the Indies: a poore and harmelesse people
+created of God, and might haue bene wonne to his knowledge, as many of them
+were, and almost as many as euer were perswaded thereunto. The storie
+whereof is at large written by a Bishop of their owne nation called
+Bartholomew de las Casas, and translated into English and many other
+languages, intituled The Spanish cruelties. Who would therefore repose
+trust in such a nation of ravenous strangers, and especially in those
+Spaniards which more greedily thirst after English blood, then after the
+liues of any other people of Europe, for the many ouerthrowes and
+dishonours they haue receiued at our hands, whose weakeness wee haue
+discouered to the world, and whose forces at home, abroad, in Europe, in
+India, by sea and land, wee haue euen with handfulles of men and shippes,
+ouerthrowen and dishonoured. Let not therefore any English man, of what
+religion soeuer, haue other opinion of the Spaniards, but that those whom
+hee seeketh to winne of our Nation, he esteemeth base and trayterous,
+vnworthy persons, or vnconstant fooles: and that he vseth his pretense of
+religion, for no other purpose but to bewitch vs from the obedience of our
+naturall Prince, thereby hoping in time to bring vs to slauery and
+subiection, and then none shall be vnto them so odious, and disdayned as
+the traitours themselues, who haue solde their Countrey to a stranger, and
+forsaken their faith and obedience contrarie to nature and religion; and
+contrarie to that humane and generall honour, not onely of Christians, but
+of heathen and irreligious nations, who haue alwayes sustayned what labour
+soeuer, and embraced euen death it selfe, for their countrey, Prince, or
+common wealth. To conclude, it hath euer to this day pleased God to prosper
+and defend her Maiestie, to breake the purposes of malicious enemies, of
+forsworne traytors, and of iniust practises and inuasions. She hath euer
+beene honoured of the worthiest kings, serued by faithfull subiects, and
+shall by the fauour of God, resist, repell, and confound all whatsoeuer
+attempts against her sacred person or kingdome. In the meane time let the
+Spaniard and traytour vaunt of their successe, and wee her true and
+obedient vassals guided by the shining light of her virtues, shall alwayes
+loue her, serue her, and obey her to the end of our liues. [Footnote: The
+most complete collection of contemporary documents relating to this
+interesting episode, is to be found in "_The Last Fight of the Revenge_",
+privately printed, Edinburgh, 1886 (GOLDSMID'S BIBLIOTHECA CURIOSA.)]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A particular note of the Indian fleet, expected to haue come into Spaine
+  this present yeere of 1591. with the number of shippes that are perished
+  of the same: according to the examination of certaine Spaniards lately
+  taken and brought into England by the ships of London.
+
+The fleete of Noua Hispania, at their first gathering together and setting
+foorth, were two and fiftie sailes. The Admirall was of sixe hundred
+tunnes, and the Vice Admirall of the same burthen. Foure or fiue of the
+shippes were of nine hundred and 1000 tunnes a piece, some fiue hundred,
+and some foure hundred and the least of two hundred tuns. Of this fleet 19
+were cast away, and in them 2600 men by estimation, which was done along
+the coast of Noua Hispania, so that of the same fleet there came to the
+Hauana but 33 sailes.
+
+The fleete of Terra Firma were, at their first departure from Spaine,
+fiftie sailes, which were bound for Nombre de Dios, where they did
+discharge their lading, and thence returned to Cartagena, for their healths
+sake, vntill the time the treasure was readie they should take in, at the
+said Nombre de Dios. But before this fleete departed, some were gone by one
+or two at a time, so that onely 23 sayles of this fieete arriued in the
+Hauana.
+
+At the Hauana there met
+
+33 sailes of Noua Hispania.
+23 sailes of Terra Firma.
+12 sailes of San Domingo.
+9 sailes of the Hunduras.
+
+The whole 77 shippes, ioyned and set sailes all together at the Hauana, the
+17 of Iuly, according to our account, and kept together vntill they came
+into the height of thirtie fiue degrees, which was about the tenth of
+August, where they found the winde at Southwest chaunged suddenly to the
+North, so that the sea comming out of the Southwest, and the wind very
+violent at North, they were put all into great extremitie, and then first
+lost the Generall of their fleete, with 500 men in her; and within three or
+foure dayes after, an other storme rising, there were fiue or sixe other of
+the biggest shippes cast away with all their men, together with their
+Vice-Admirall.
+
+And in the height of 38. degrees, about the end of August, grew another
+great storme, in which all the fleet sauing 48. sailes were cast away:
+which 48. sailes kept together, vntill they came in sight of the Ilands of
+Coruo and Flores, about the fift or sixt of September, at which time a
+great storme separated them: of which number fifteene or sixteene were
+after seene by these Spanyards to ride at anchor vnder the Tercera; and
+twelue or foureteene more to beare with the Island of S. Michael; what
+became of them after that these Spaniards were taken cannot yet be
+certified; their opinion as, that very few of thee fleet are escaped, but
+are either drowned or taken. And it is other waies of late certified, that
+of this whole fleete that should haue come into Spaine this yeere, being
+one hundred twentie and three sayle, there are arriued as yet but fiue and
+twentie. This note was taken out of the examination of certaine Spaniardes,
+that were brought into England by sixe of the ships of London, which tooke
+seuen of the aboue named Indian Fleete, neere the Islands of the Açores.
+
+      *      *      *      *      *
+
+A report of Master Robert Flicke directed to Master Thomas Bromley, Master
+  Richard Staper, and Master Cordall concerning the successe of a part of
+  the London supplies sent to my Lord Thomas Howard to the Isles of the
+  Azores, 1591.
+
+Worshipfull, my heartie commendations vnto you premised: By my last of the
+twelfth of August from this place I aduertised you particularly of the
+accidents of our Fleete vntill then. It remayneth now to relate our
+endeuours in accomplishing the order receiued for the ioyning with my Lorde
+Thomas Howard, together with the successe wee haue had. Our departure from
+hence was the seuenteenth of August, the winde not seruing before. The next
+day following I caused a Flagge of Counsell to be put foorth, whereupon the
+Captaines and Masters of euery shippe came aboord, and I acquainted them
+with my Commission, firmed by the Right honourable the Lordes of her
+Maiesties Counsell, and with all the aduertisements of Sir Edward Denny, of
+my Lordes determination to remaine threescore leagues to the West of Fayal,
+spreading North and South betwixt thirtie seuen and a halfe or thirty eight
+and a halfe degrees. And not finding him in this heighth to repaire to the
+Isles of Flores and Coruo, where a Pinnesse of purpose should stay our
+comming vntill the last of August, with intent after that day to repaire to
+the coast of Spaine, about the heigth of The Rocke, some twentte or thirtie
+leagues off the shoare. The which being aduisedly considered of hauing
+regard vnto the shortnesse of time, by reason of our long abode in this
+place, and the vncertainety of the weather to fauour vs, it was generally
+holden for the best and securest way to meete with my Lorde, to beare with
+the heigth of The Rocke, without making any stay vpon the coast, and so
+directly for the Islands which was accordingly fully agreed and performed.
+The 28 day wee had sight of the Burlings, and the 29 being thwart of
+Peniche, the winde seruing vs, without any stay we directed our course West
+for the Islands. The 30 day we met with Captaine Royden in the Red-Rose,
+sometime called the Golden Dragon, separated from my Lorde of Cumberland in
+a storme: who certified vs of 50 sayles of the Spanish kings Armadas to be
+gone for the Ilands, but could not informe vs any newes of my Lord Thomas
+Howard, otherwise then vpon presumption to remaine about the Islandes, and
+so wee continued our course the winde standing with vs.
+
+The 4 of September we recouered Tercera, and ranged along all the Islands,
+both on the South and North sides the space of foure dayes: during which
+time it was not our hap to meete with any shipping, whereby either to
+vnderstand of my Lord, or of the Indian Fleete: hereupon we directed our
+course to the West from Fayal, according to the instructions of Sir Edward
+Denny. The 11 day in the plying to the Westwards we descried a sayle out of
+our maine toppe, and in the afternoone betweene two and three of the clocke
+hauing raysed her hull, the weather became calme, so that the ship could
+not fetch her. I sent off my Skiffe throughly manned, furnished with shot
+and swords, The Cherubin, and the Margaret and Iohn doing the like. Vpon
+this the sayle stood off againe, and the night approching, our boates lost
+her and so returned. In this our pursute after the sayle the Centurion
+being left a sterne, the next morning wee missed her, and spent that day in
+plying vp and down seeking her. And for as much as euery of the ships had
+receiued order, that, if by extremity of weather or any other mischance
+they should be seuered from our Fleete, they should meete and ioyne at
+Flores, we, according to the instructions of Sir Edward Denny, proceeded to
+the finding of my Lord Thomas Howard, being in the heigth appointed and not
+able to holde the same by reason of extreme tempestes which forced vs to
+the Isles of Flores and Coruo, which we made the 14 day in the morning, and
+there also ioyned againe with the Centurion, whose company before we had
+lost: who declared vnto vs that the 12 day, being the same day they lost
+vs, they met with fiue and forty sailes of the Indian Fleete. The same
+night, vpon these newes we came to an anker betweene Flores and Coruo, and
+the morow following at the breake of day, a flagge of Counsell being put
+out, the Captaines and Masters came abord me: where, for the desire to
+vnderstand some tidings of my Lord, as also the supplying of our want of
+water, it was thought good to send our boats furnished on shore, vnder the
+conduct of Captaine Brothus, and then it was also ordered after our
+departure thence to range along the Southsides of the Islands to the end we
+might either vnderstand of my Lord, or else light on the Indian fleete; and
+in the missing of our purpose to direct our course for Cape Sant Vincente.
+
+The boates, according to the foresayd determination, being sent on shoare,
+it chaunced that the Costely ryding vttermost in the roade, did weigh to
+bring her selfe more neere among vs for the succour of the boates sent off,
+and in opening the land discouered two sayles, which we in the roade could
+not perceiue: whereupon shee gaue vs a warning piece, which caused vs to
+waue off our boates backe, and before they could recouer our shippes, the
+discryed ships appeared vnto vs, towardes the which we made with all haste,
+and in a very happie hour, as it pleased God. [Sidenote: A violent storm.]
+In that wee had not so soone cleared the lande, and spoken with one of
+them, which was a Barke of Bristoll, who had also sought my Lorde in the
+heigths appointed and could not finde him, but a violent storme arose, in
+such manner, as if we had remained in the roade, we had beene in daunger of
+perishing: and the same extremely continued during the space of threescore
+houres. In which storme I was separated from our Fleete, except the
+Cherubin and the Costely, which kept company with mee. And so sayling among
+the Ilands, I viewed the roade of Fayal, and finding no Roaders there, went
+directly for the Isle Tercera.
+
+The nineteenth day in the morning comming vnto the same with intent to edge
+into the Road, a tempest arose and scanted the winde, that we could not
+sease it: from the which being driuen we fell among certaine of the Indian
+Fleete, which the sayde storme dispersed, and put them from the road:
+whereupon my selfe with the other two ships in companie gaue seuerall
+chases, and thereby lost the company each of other.
+
+[Sidenote: A Portugall Prize taken.] In following our chase aboue noone we
+made her to strike and yeelde, being a Portugall, laden with hides,
+salsa-perilla and Anile. At this very instant we espied another, and taking
+our Prise with vs followed her, and somewhat before night obtayned her,
+named the Conception, Francisco Spinola being Captaine, which was laden
+with hides, Cochonillio, and certaine raw silke. And for that the seas were
+so growen, as neither with boate nor shippe they were to bee boorded, we
+kept them till fit opportunitie. [Sidenote: A rich West-Indian Prize
+taken.] The same night a litle before day there happened another into our
+company, supposing vs by our two prizes to be of their Fleete, which we
+vntill the morning dissembled.
+
+The 20 day in the morning, the sayle being shot somewhat a head of vs,
+hauing a speciall care for the safe keeping of the two former, we purposed
+to cause our Prizes to put out more sayle thereby to keep them neere in
+giuing chase to the other: vnto the which the Master would not hearken nor
+be perswaded, but that they would follow vs: by the which his wilfulnesse
+by such time as we had caused the other to yeelde, and sent men aboord, the
+Conception, Francisco Spinola Captaine being brought a sterne, and hauing
+gotten the winde of vs, stood off with all her sayles bearing, so as we
+were forced to make a new chase of her: and had not the winde enlarged vpon
+vs we had lost her. In the pursute before we recouered her and brought our
+selues againe in company of our other Prizes, the whole day was spent, and
+by this meanes we lost the oportunitie of that day, the weather fitly
+seruing to boord the Portugall Prize, which was in great distresse, and
+made request to take them being readie to sinke, and, as we well perceiued,
+they ceased not to pumpe day and night: the which ship to all our
+iudgements the same night perished in the sea.
+
+The one and twentie day the Conception, whereof Francisco Spinola was
+Captaine, being also in a leake, and the same still increasing
+notwithstanding the continuall pumping, in such sort as not to be kept
+along aboue water, I tooke and discharged out of her two and forty chestes
+of Cochonillio and silkes, and so left her with 11 foote water in holde and
+her furniture and 4700 hides, vnto the seas.
+
+The other prize which we haue brought into the harborough is named Nostra
+Sennora de los remedios, whereof Francisco Aluares is Captaine, laden with
+16 chests of Cochonillio, certaine fardels of raw silke, and about 4000
+hides. Vpon the discharge of the goods your worships shall be particularly
+aduertised thereof.
+
+In the boording of the prizes the disorder of the company was such, as that
+they letted not presently besides the rifling of the Spaniards to breake
+open the chests and to purloyne such money as was in them: notwithstanding
+that it was ordered at convenient leasure to haue gone on boord my selfe,
+and therein the presence of three or foure witnesses to haue taken a iust
+account thereof, and the same to haue put in safe keeping, according to the
+effects of articles receiued in this behalfe.
+
+And whereas there were also certaine summes of money taken from the company
+which they had thus purloyned and embeseled, and the same with some other
+parcels brought aboord my ship, amounting vnto 2129 pezoes and a halfe, the
+company as pillage due vnto them demanded to haue the same shared, which I
+refused, and openly at the maine maste read the articles firmed by my Lord
+Treasurer and my Lord Admirall, whereby we ought to be directed, and that
+it was not in mee any way to dispose thereof, vntill the same were finally
+determined at home. Hereupon they mutinied and at last grew into such
+furie, as that they would haue it or els breake downe the cabbine, which
+they were also readie to put into practise, whereby I was forced to yeeld,
+least the Spaniards which we had abord being many perceiuing the same,
+might haue had fit opportunitie to rise against vs, which, after their
+brawles were appeased, they sought to haue put into execution.
+
+By the last aduise from Castile the Generall of the kings Armada which is
+lately come to sea hath receiued commaundement to ioyne his Fleete with
+those of the Indies, and for to stay altogether at Tercera vntill the 15 of
+October: for that 6 pataches with 7 or 8 millions of the kings treasure
+will come by that time, or els they stay their comming from Hauana vntill
+Ianuary next, or the kings further pleasure therein to be knowen. These
+pataches are said to be of 300 tuns the piece, and to cary 30 pieces of
+brasse, and also of saile reported to haue the aduantage of any shipping.
+
+There perished of the Indies Fleete sunke in the sea before there comming
+to Flores 11 sailes, whereof the General was one, and not one man saued.
+And it is by the Spaniards themselues presupposed that the stormes which we
+had at Flores and at Tercera haue deuoured many more of them, whereof in
+part we were eye witnesses. And so what by the seas and our men of warre I
+presume that of 75 sailes that came from Hauana, halfe of them will neuer
+arriue in Spaine.
+
+The 11 day of October at night we came to anker in the sound of Plimouth,
+and the next morning with our Prize came into Cattewater: for which God be
+thanked: for that a vehement storme arose, and with such fury increased, as
+that the Prize was forced to cut ouer her maine maste: otherwise with the
+violence of the storme, her ground tackle being bad, she had driuen on
+shore: which was the most cause that moued me to put in here; intending now
+here to discharge the goods without further aduenture, and haue certified
+thus much vnto my Lord Admirall, and therewith also desired to vnderstande
+the direction of the Lords of the Counsell together with yours, insomuch as
+my Lord Thomas Howard is not returned. How the rest of our consorts which
+were seperated from vs by weather haue sped, or what Prizes they haue
+taken, whereof there is much hope by reason of the scattering of the West
+Indian Fleete, as yet we are able to say nothing. And thus expecting your
+answere, and for all other matters referring me vnto the bearer Captaine
+Furtho, I end. Plymouth the 24 of October 1591.
+
+Your worships louing friend
+
+Robert Flicke.
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+A large testimony of Iohn Huighen van Linschoten Hollander, concerning the
+  worthy exploits atchieued by the right honourable the Earle of
+  Cumberland, By Sir Martine Frobisher, Sir Richard Greenuile, and diuers
+  other English Captaines, about the Isles of the Açores, and vpon the
+  coasts of Spaine and Portugall, in the yeeres 1589, 1590, 1591, &c.
+  recorded in his excellent discourse of voiages to the East and West
+  Indies, cap. 96. 97. and 99.
+
+The 22 of Iuly 1589 about Euening, being by the Ilands of Flores and Coruo,
+we perceiued 3 ships that made towards vs, which came from vnder the land,
+which put vs in great feare: for they came close by our Admirall, and shot
+diuers times at him, and at another ship of our companie, whereby we
+perceiued them to be Englishmen, for they bare an English flagge vpon their
+maine tops, but none of them shewed to be aboue 60 tunnes in greatnes.
+About Euening they followed after vs, and all night bore lanternes with
+candles burning in them at their sternes, although the Moone shined. The
+same night passing hard by the Island of Fayal, the next day being betweene
+the Island of S. George that lay on our right hand, and the small Island
+called Graciosa on our left hand, we espied the 3 English ships still
+following vs that tooke counsell together, whereof one sailed backwards,
+thinking that some other ship had come after vs without company, and for a
+time was out of sight, but it was not long before it came again to the
+other two, wherwith they tooke counsel and came all, 3 together against our
+ship, because we lay in the lee of al our ships, and had the Island of S.
+George on the one side in stead of a sconce, thinking to deale so with vs,
+that in the end we should be constrained to run vpon the shore, whereof we
+wanted not much, and in that manner with their flagges openly displayed,
+came lustily towardes vs, sounding their Trumpets, and sayled at the least
+three times about vs, beating vs with Musket and Caliuer, and some great
+pieces, and did vs no hurt in the body of our shippe, but spoyled all our
+sayles and ropes, and to conclude, wee were so plagued by them, that no man
+durst put foorth his head, and when wee shot off a peece, wee had at the
+least an houres worke to lade it againe, whereby we had so great a noise
+and crie in the shippe, as if we had all bene cast away, whereat the
+English men themselues beganne to mocke vs, and with a thousand iesting
+words called vnto vs. In the meane time the other shippes hoised all their
+sayles, and did the best they could to saile to the Island of Tercera, not
+looking once behinde them to helpe vs, doubting they should come too late
+thither, not caring for vs, but thinking themselues to haue done
+sufficiently so they saued their owne stakes, whereby it may easily be
+seene what company they keepe one with the other, and what order is among
+them. In the ende the English men perceiuing small aduantage against vs,
+(little knowing in what case and feare we were, as also because wee were
+not farre from Tercera) left vs, which made vs not a litle to reioyce, as
+thinking our selues to bee risen from death to life, although wee were not
+well assured, neyther yet voyde of feare till we lay in the road before
+Tercera, and vnder the safetie of the Portingales fort, and that we might
+get thither in good time wee made all the sailes we could: on the other
+side we were in great doubt, because we knew not what they did in the
+Island, nor whether they were our friends or enemies, and we doubted so
+much the more, because we found no men of warre nor any Caruels of aduise
+from Portingal, as wee made our accounts to doe, that might conuoy vs from
+thence, or giue vs aduise, as in that countrey ordinarily they vse to do:
+and because the English men had bene so victorious in those parts, it made
+vs suspect that it went not well with Spaine: they of the Island of Tercera
+were in no lesse fear then we, for seeing our fleete, they thought vs to
+bee Englishmen, and that wee came to ouerrun the Island, because the 3.
+Englishmen had bound vp their flags, and came in company with vs: for the
+which cause the Iland sent out two Caruels that lay there with aduise from
+the king, for the Indians ships that should come thither. Those Caruels
+came to view vs, and perceiuing what we were, made after vs, whereupon the
+English ships left vs, and made towardes them, because the Caruels thought
+them to be friends, and shunned them not, as supposing them to bee of our
+company, but we shot foure or fiue times and made signes vnto them that
+they should make towards the Island, which they presently did. The
+Englishmen perceiuing that, did put forwards into the sea, and so the
+Caruels borded vs telling vs that the men of the Island were all in armes,
+as hauing receiued aduise from Portugall, that Sir Frances Drake was in
+readinesse, and would come vnto those Islands. They likewise brought vs
+newes of the ouerthrow of the Spanish fleet before England, and that the
+English men had bene before the gates of Lisbon; wereupon the king gaue vs
+commandement that we should put into the Island of Tercera, and there lie
+vnder the safety of the Castle vntill we receiued further aduise what we
+should do, or whether we should saile: for that they thought it too
+dangerous for vs to go to Lisbon. Those newes put our fleet in great feare,
+and made vs looke vpon eche other not knowing what to say, as being
+dangerous for them to put into the road, because it lieth open to the sea:
+so that the Indian ships, although they had expresse commandement from the
+king, yet they durst not anker there, but onely vsed to come thither, and
+to lie to and fro, sending their boates on land to fetch such necessaries
+as they wanted, without ankering: but being by necessitie compelled
+thereunto, as also by the kings commandement, and for that we vnderstood
+the Erle of Cumberland not to bee farre from those Islands with certaine
+ships of warre, we made necessitie a vertue, and entring the road, ankered
+close vnder the Castle, staying for aduise and order from the king, to
+performe our voyage, it being then the 24. of Iuly, and S. Iames day.
+
+The day before the Erle of Cumberland with 6. or 7. ships of war, sailed by
+the Island of Tercera, and to their great good fortune passed out of sight,
+so that they dispatched themselues in all haste, and for the more
+securitie, tooke with them 4. hundred Spaniards of those that lay in
+Garrison in the Island, and with them they sayled towards Lisbon, hauing a
+good wind: so that within 11 daies after they arriued in the riuer of
+Lisbon with great gladnes and triumph: for if they had stayed but one day
+longer before they had entred the riuer, they had all beene taken by
+Captaine Drake, who with 40 ships came before Cascais at the same time that
+the Indian ships cast anker in the riuer of Lisbon, being garded thither by
+diuers Gallies.
+
+While I remained in Tercera, the Erle of Cumberland came to S. Marie, to
+take in fresh water, and some other victuals: but the inhabitants would not
+suffer him to haue it, but wounded both himselfe and diuers of his men,
+whereby they were forced to depart without hauing any thing there.
+
+The Erle of Cumberland while I lay in Tercera, came vnto the Isle of
+Graciosa, where himselfe in person, with seuen or eight in his company went
+on land, asking certaine beasts, hens, and other victuals, with wine and
+fresh water, which they willingly gaue him, and therewith he departed from
+thence, without doing them any hurt: for the which the inhabitants thanked
+him, and commended him for his courtesie, and keeping of his promise.
+
+The same time that the Erle of Cumberland was in the Island of Graciosa, he
+came likewise to Fayall, where at the first time that he came, they beganne
+to resist him, but by reason of some controuersie among them, they let him
+land, where he razed the Castle to the ground, and sunke all their
+Ordinance in the sea, taking with him certaine Carauels and ships that lay
+in the road, with prouision of all things that he wanted: and therewith
+departed againe to sea. Whereupon the king caused the principall actors
+therein to be punished, and sent a company of souldiers thither againe,
+which went out of Tercera, with all kinde of warlike munition, and great
+shot, making the fortresse vp againe, the better to defend the Island,
+trusting no more in the Portugales.
+
+The 99 Chapter.
+
+The ninth of October 1589. there arriued in Tercera fourteene ships that
+came from the Spanish Indies, laden with Cochinile, Hides, Golde, Siluer,
+Pearles, and other rich wares. They were fiftie in companie, when they
+departed out of the Hauen of Hauana, whereof, in their comming out of the
+Channell, eleuen sunke in the same Channell by foule weather, the rest by a
+storme were scattered and separated one from the other. The next day there
+came another ship of the same companie, that sailed close vnder the Island,
+so to get into the Roade: where she met with an English ship that had not
+aboue three cast peeces, and the Spaniards 12. They fought a long time
+together, which we being in the Island might stand and behold: wherevpon
+the Gouernour of Tercera sent two boates of Musketiers to helpe the shippe:
+but before they could come at her, the English ship had shot her vnder
+water, and we saw her sinke into the Sea with all her sayles vp, and not
+any thing seene of her aboue the water. The Englishmen with their boate
+saued the Captaine and about thirtie others with him, but not one
+penie-worth of the goods, and yet in the shippe there was at the least to
+the value of two hundred thousand Duckats in Golde, Siluer and Pearles, the
+rest of the men were drowned which might be about fiftie persons, among the
+which were some Fryers and women, which the Englishmen would not saue.
+Those that they had saued they set on land: and then they sayled away. The
+seuen and twentieth of the same moneth, the sayd foureteene ships hauing
+refreshed themselues in the Island departed from Tercera toward Siuill, and
+comming vpon the coast of Spaine they were taken by the English ships that
+lay there to watch for them, two onely excepted which escaped away, and the
+rest were wholly caried into England.
+
+About the same time the Erle of Cumberland with one of the Queenes ships,
+and fiue or sixe more, kept about those Islands and came oftentimes so
+close vnder the Island, and to the Road of Angra, that the people on land
+might easily tell all his men that he had aboord, and knewe such as walked
+on the Hatches: they of the Island not once shooting at them, although they
+might easily haue done it, for they were within Musket shot both of the
+towne and fort. In these places he continued for the space of two moneths,
+and sayled round about the Islands, and landed in Graciosa and Fayal, as in
+the description of those Islands I haue alreadie declared. Here he tooke
+diuers ships and Carauels, which he sent into England: so that those of the
+Island durst not once put foorth their heads. At the same time about three
+or foure dayes after the Erle of Cumberland had beene in the Island of
+Fayal, and was departed from thence, there arriued in the said Island of
+Fayal sixe Indian shippes, whose General was one Iuan Doriues: and there
+they discharged in the Iland 4 millions of golde and siluer. And hauing
+with all speede refreshed their ships, fearing the comming of the
+Englishmen they set sayle, and arriued safely in S. Lucar, not meeting with
+the enemie, to the great good lucke of the Spaniards and hard fortune of
+the Englishmen: for that within lesse then two dayes after the golde and
+siluer was laden againe into the Spanish ships, the Erle of Cumberland
+sayled againe by that Island: so that it appeared that God would not let
+them haue it, for if they had once had sight thereof, without doubt it had
+bene theirs, as the Spaniards themselues confessed.
+
+In the moneth of Nouember there arriued in Tercera two great shippes, which
+were the Admirall and Viceadmirall of the Fleete laden with siluer, who
+with stormie weather were separated from the Fleete, and had beene in great
+torment and distresse, and readie to sinke: for they were forced to vse all
+their Pumps: so that they wished a thousand times to haue met with the
+Englishmen to whom they would willingly haue giuen their siluer and all
+that euer they brought with them onely to saue their liues. And although
+the Erle of Cumberland lay still about those Islands, yet they met not with
+him, so that after much paine and labour they got into the Road before
+Angra, where with all speede they vnladed and discharged aboue fiue
+millions of siluer, all in pieces of 8 or 10 pound great: so that the whole
+Kay lay couered with plates and chests of siluer, full of Ryales of eight,
+most wonderfull to behold, (each million being ten hundred thousand
+duckats,) besides pearles, gold and other stones, which were not registred.
+The Admirall and chiefe commander of those ships and Fleete called Aluaro
+Flores de Quiniones was sicke of the Neapolitan disease, and was brought to
+land, whereof not long after he died in Siuillia. He brought with him the
+Kings broad seale and full authoritie to be Generall and chiefe commander
+vpon the Seas, and of all Fleetes or ships, and of all places and Islands,
+or lands wheresoeuer he came: wherevpon the Gouernour of Tercera did him
+great honour, and betweene them it was concluded, perceiuing the weaknesse
+of their ships, and the danger of the Englishmen, that they would send the
+shippes, emptie with souldiers to conuey them, either to Siuill or Lisbon,
+where they could first arriue, with aduise vnto his Maiestie of all that
+had passed, and that he would giue order to fetch the siluer with good and
+safe conuoy. Wherevpon the said Aluero Flores stayed there, vnder colour of
+keeping the siluer, but specially because of his disease, and for that they
+were affraide of the Englishmen. This Aluaro Flores had alone for his owne
+part aboue 50000 Duckats in pearles which he shewed vnto vs, and sought to
+sell them or barter them with vs for spices or bils of exchange. The said
+two ships set saile with 3 or 4 hundred men, as well souldiers as others
+that came with them out of India, and being at sea had a storme, wherewith
+the Admirall burst and sunke in the sea, and not one man saued. The
+Vice-Admirall cut downe her mast, and ranne the ship on ground hard by
+Setuuel, where it burst in pieces, some of the men sauing them selues by
+swimming, that brought the newes, but the rest were drowned.
+
+In the same moneth there came two great ships out of the Spanish Indies,
+and being within halfe a mile of the Road of Tercera, they met with an
+English ship, which, after they had fought long together, tooke them both.
+About 7 or 8 moneths before, there had beene an English shippe in Tercera,
+that vnder the name of a Frenchman came to traffike in the Island, there to
+lade woad, and being discouered was both ship and goods confiscated to the
+kings vse, and all the men kept prisoners: yet went they vp and downe the
+streetes to get their liuings, by labouring like slaues, being in deede as
+safe in that Island, as if they had beene in prison. But in the ende vpon a
+Sunday, all the Saylers went downe behinde the hils called Bresil: where
+they found a Fisher-boat, whereinto they got and rowed into the sea to the
+Erle of Cumberlands shippes, which to their great fortune chanced at that
+time to come by the Island, and ankered with his ships about halfe a mile
+from the Road of Angra, hard by two small Islands, which lie about a bases
+shot from the Island and are full of Goats, Deere and Sheepe, belonging to
+the inhabitants of the Island of Tercera. Those Saylers knew it well, and
+thereupon they rowed vnto them with their boates, and lying at anker that
+day, they fetched as many Goates and sheepe as they had neede of: which
+those of the towne and of the Island well saw and beheld, yet durst not
+once goe foorth: so there remained no more on land but the Master and the
+Marchant of the said English ship. This Master had a brother in lawe
+dwelling in England, who hauing newes of his brothers imprisonment in
+Tercera, got licence of the Queene of England to set forth a ship,
+therewith to see if he could recouer his losses of the Spaniards by taking
+some of them, and so to redeeme his brother that lay prisoner in Tercera,
+and he it was that tooke the two Spanish ships before the Towne, the Master
+of the ship aforesaid standing on the shore by me, and looking vpon them,
+for he was my great acquaintance. The ships being taken that were worth 300
+thousand duckats, he sent al the men on land sauing onely two of the
+principall Gentlemen, which he kept aboord thereby to ransome his brother:
+and sent the Pilot of one of the Indian ships that were taken, with a
+letter to the Gouernor of Tercera; wherein he wrote that he should deliuer
+him his brother, and he would send the 2 Gentlemen on land: if not, he
+would saile with them into England, as indeed he did, because the Gouernour
+would not doe it, saying that the Gentlemen might make that suite to the
+king of Spaine himselfe. This Spanish Pilot we bid to supper with vs, and
+the Englishmen likewise, where he shewed vs all the manner of their fight,
+much commending the order and maner of the Englishmens fighting, as also
+their courteous vsing of him: but in the end the English Pilot likewise
+stole away in a French ship, without paying any ransome as yet.
+
+In the moneth of Ianuarie 1590 there arriued one ship alone in Tercera,
+that came from the Spanish Indies, and brought newes that there was a
+Fleete of a hundred shippes which put out from the Firme land of the
+Spanish Indies, and by a storme were driuen vpon the coast called Florida,
+where they were all cast away, she hauing onely escaped, wherein there were
+great riches, and many men lost, as it may well be thought: so that they
+made their account, that of 220 ships that for certaine were knowen to haue
+put out of Noua Spagna, S. Domingo, Hauana, Capo verde, Brasilia, Guinea,
+&c. in the yeere 1589. to saile for Spaine and Portugall, there were not
+aboue 14 or 15 of them arriued there in safetie, all the rest being either
+drowned, burst or taken.
+
+In the same moneth of Ianuarie there arriued in Tercera 15 or 16 ships that
+came from Siuil, which were most Flieboats of the Low countries, and some
+Britons that were arrested in Spaine: these came full of souldiers, and
+well appointed with munition, to lade the siluer that lay in Tercera, and
+to fetch Aluares de Flores by the kings commandement into Spaine. And
+because that time of the yeere there are alwayes stormes about those
+Ilands, therefore they durst not enter into the road of Tercera, for that
+as then it blew so great a storme that some of their ships that had ankred
+were forced to cut downe their mastes, and were in danger to be lost: and
+among the rest a ship of Biscaie ran against the land and was striken in
+pieces, but all the men saued themselues. The other ships were forced to
+keepe the sea and seperate themselues one from the other, where wind and
+weather would driue them vntill the 15 of March for that in all that time
+they could not haue one day of faire weather to anker in, whereby they
+endured much miserie, cursing both the siluer and the Iland. This storme
+being past, they chanced to meet with a small English ship of about 40
+tunnes in bignesse, which by reason of the great wind could not beare all
+her sailes: so they set vpon her and tooke her, and with the English flag
+in their Admirals sterne, they came as proudly into the hauen as if they
+had conquered all the realme of England: but as the Admirall that bare the
+English flag vpon her sterne was entring into the road, there came by
+chance two English ships by the Iland that paied her so well for her
+paines, that they were forced to cry Misericordia, and without all doubt
+had taken her, if she had bene but a mile further in sea: but because she
+got vnder the Fortresse, which also began to shoot at the Englishmen, they
+were forced to leaue her, and to put further into the sea, hauing slaine
+fiue or sixe of the Spaniards. The Englishmen that were taken in the small
+shippe were put vnder hatches, and coupled in bolts, and after they had
+bene prisoners 3 or 4 dayes, there was a Spanish Ensigne bearer in the ship
+that had a brother slaine in the Fleet that came for England, who as then
+minding to reuenge his death, and withall to shew his manhood on the
+English captiues that were in the English ship, which they had taken, as is
+aforesayd, tooke a poiniard in his hand and went downe vnder the hatches,
+where finding the poore Englishmen sitting in boltes, with the same
+poiniard he stabbed sixe of them to the heart: which two others of them
+perceiuing, clasped each other about the middle, because they would not be
+murthered by him, and threw themselues into the sea and there were drowned.
+This acte was of all the Spaniards much disliked and very ill taken, so
+that they caried the Spaniard prisoner vnto Lisbon, where being arriued,
+the king of Spaine willed he should be sent into England, that the Queene
+of England might vse him as she thought good: which sentence his friends by
+intreatie got to be reuersed, notwithstanding he commanded he should
+without all fauour be beheaded: but vpon a good Friday the Cardinall going
+to masse, all the captaines and Commanders made so great intreaty for him,
+that in the end they got his pardon. This I thought good to note, that men
+might vnderstand the bloody and dishonest minds of the Spaniards when they
+haue men vnder their subiection.
+
+The same two English ships which folowed the Spanish Admirall till he had
+got the Fort of Tercera, as I sayd before, put into the sea, where they met
+with another Spanish ship being of the same Fleet, that had likewise bene
+scattred by the storme and was onely missing, for the rest lay in the road.
+This small ship the Englishmen tooke, and sent all the men on shore, not
+hurting any of them: but if they had knowen what had bene done vnto the
+foresayd English captiues I belieue they would soone haue reuenged
+themselues, as afterward many an innocent soule paied for it. This ship
+thus taken by the Englishmen, was the same that was taken and confiscated
+in the Iland of Tercera by the Englishmen that got out of the Iland in a
+fisher boat (as I said before) and was sold vnto the Spaniards that as then
+came from the Indies, wherewith they sayled to S. Lucar, where it was also
+arrested by the duke, and appointed to go in company to fetch the siluer in
+Tercera, because it was a ship that sailed well, but among the Spaniards
+Fleet it was the meanest of the company. By this means it was taken from
+the Spaniards and caried into England, and the owners had it againe when
+they least thought of it.
+
+The 19 of March the aforesayd ships being 19 in number, set saile, hauing
+laden the kings siluer, and receiued in Aluaro Flores de Quiniones, with
+his company and good prouision of necessaries, munition and souldiers that
+were fully resolued (as they made shew) to fight valiantly to the last man
+before they would yeeld or lose their riches: and although they set their
+course for S. Lucar, the wind draue them vnto Lisbon, which (as it seemed)
+was willing by his force to helpe them, and to bring them thither in
+safetie, although Aluaro de Flores, both against the wind and weather would
+perforce haue sailed to Saint Lucar, but being constrained by the wind and
+importunitie of the sailers that protested they would require their losses
+and damages of him, he was content to saile to Lisbon: from whence the
+siluer was by land caried vnto Siuil. At Cape S. Vincent there lay a Fleet
+of 20 English ships to watch for the Armada, so that if they had put into
+S. Lucar, they had fallen right into their hands, which if the wind had
+serued they had done. And therefore they may say that the wind hath lent
+them a happy voiage: for if the Englishmen had met with them, they had
+surely bene in great danger, and possibly but few of them had escaped, by
+reason of the feare wherewith they were possessed, because fortune of
+rather God was wholy against them: which is a sufficient cause to make the
+Spaniards out of heart, and to the contrary to giue the Englishmen more
+courage, and to make them bolder for that they are victorious, stout and
+valiant: and seeing all their enterprises do take so good effect, that
+thereby they are become lords and masters of the sea, and need care for no
+man, as it wel appeareth by this briefe discourse.
+
+The 7 of August 1590. a nauie of English ships was seene before Tercera,
+being 20 in number, and 5 of them the Queenes ships: their Generall was one
+Martin Frobisher, as we after had intelligence. They came purposely to
+watch for the Fleet of the Spanish Indies, and for the Indian ships, and
+the ships of the countreys in the West: which put the Ilanders in great
+feare, specially those of Fayal, for that the Englishmen sent a trumpet to
+the Gouernour to aske certaine wine, flesh, and other victuals for their
+money and good friendship. They of Fayal did not onely refuse to giue eare
+vnto them, but with a shot killed their messenger or trumpeter: which the
+Englishmen tooke in euil part, sending them word that they were best to
+looke to themselues and stand vpon their guard, for they ment to come and
+visite them whether they would or no. The Gouernour made them answere that
+he was there in the behalfe of his maiestie of Spaine, and that he would
+doe his best to keepe them out, as he was bound: but nothing was done,
+although they of Fayal were in no little feare, sending to Tercera for
+aide, from whence they had certaine barkes with ponder and munition for
+warre, with some bisket and other necessary prouision.
+
+The 30 of August we receiued very certaine newes out of Portugal, that
+there were 80 ships put out of the Groine laden with victuals, munition,
+money and souldiers, to goe for Britaine to aide the Catholiques and
+Leaguers of France against the king of Nauarre. At the same time two
+Netherland hulkes comming out of Portugall to Tercera being halfe the Seas
+ouer, met with 4 of the Queenes ships, their Generall being sir Iohn
+Hawkins, that staied them, but let them go againe without doing them any
+harme. The Netherlanders reported, that each of the Queenes ships had 80
+pieces of Ordinance, and that captaine Drake lay with 40 ships in the
+English chanell watching for the armie of the Groine: and likewise that
+there lay at the Cape S. Vincent ten other English ships, that if any ships
+escaped from the Ilands, they might take them. These tidings put the
+Ilanders in great feare, least if they failed of the Spanish fleete and got
+nothing by them, that then they would fall vpon the Ilands, because they
+would not returne emptie home, whereupon they held streit watch, sending
+aduise vnto the king what newes they heard.
+
+The first of September there came to the Iland of S. Michael a Portugall
+ship out of the hauen of Phernambuck in Brasile, which brought newes that
+the Admirall of the Portugall Fleet that came from India, hauing missed the
+Iland of S. Helena, was of necessitie constrained to put into Phernambuck,
+although the king had expresly vnder a great penaltie forbidden him so to
+doe, because of the wormes that there doe spoile the ships. The same shippe
+wherein Bernardin Ribero was Admirall the yeere before 1589. sailed out of
+Lisbon into the Indies, with 5 ships in her company, whereof but 4 got into
+India, the 5 was neuer heard of, so that it was thought to be cast away:
+the other foure returned safe againe into Portugall, though the Admiral was
+much spoiled, because he met with two English ships that fought long with
+him, and slew many of his men, but yet he escaped from them.
+
+The 5 of the same moneth there arriued in Tercera a carauel of the Iland of
+Coruo, and brought with her 50 men that had bin spoiled by the Englishmen
+who had set them on shore in the Iland of Coruo, being taken out of a ship
+that came from the Spanish Indies, they brought tidings that the Englishmen
+had taken 4 more of the Indian ships, and a carauel with the king of
+Spaines letters of aduise for the ships comming out of the Portugal Indies,
+and that with those which they had taken, they were at the least 40 English
+ships together, so that not one bark escaped them, but fel into their
+hands, and that therefore the Portugall ships comming out of India durst
+not put into the Ilands, but tooke their course vnder 40 and 42 degrees,
+and from thence sailed to Lisbon, shunning likewise the cape S. Vincent,
+otherwise they could not haue had a prosperous iourney of it, for that as
+then the sea was ful of English ships. [Sidenote: Great hauock of
+Spaniards.] Whereupon the king aduised the fleete lying in Hauana in the
+Spanish Indies ready to come for Spaine, that they should stay there all
+that yeere till the next yeere, because of the great danger they might fal
+into by the Englishmen, which was no smal charge, and hinderance to the
+fleet, for that the ships that lie there do consume themselues, and in a
+manner eat vp one another, by reason of the great number of people,
+together with the scarcitie of al things, so that many ships chose rather
+one by one to aduenture themselues alone to get home, then to stay there:
+all which fell into the Englishmen hands, whereof diuers of the men were
+brought into Tercera, for that a whole day we could see nothing els, but
+spoiled men set on shore, some out of one ship, some out of another, that
+pitie it was to see all of them cursing the Englishmen and their owne
+fortunes, with those that had bene the causes to prouoke the Englishmen to
+fight, and complaining of the small remedie and order taken therein by the
+king of Spaines officers.
+
+The 19 of the same moneth there came to Tercera a Carauel of Lisbon, with
+one of the kings officers, to cause the goods that were saued out of the
+ship which came from Malacca (for the which we staied there) to be laden
+and sent to Lisbon. And at the same time there put out of the Groine one
+Don Alonso de Baçan, with 40 great ships of warre to come vnto the Ilands,
+there to watch for the fleet of the Spanish and Portugall Indies, and the
+goods of the Malacca ship being laden, they were to convoy them all
+together into the riuer of Lisbon: but being certaine daies at sea, alwaies
+hauing a contrary wind, they could not get vnto the Ilands, onely two of
+them that were scattred from the fleet, arriued at Tercera, and not finding
+the fleet, they presently returned to seeke them: in the meane time the
+king changed his mind, and caused the fleet to stay in India, as I said
+before: and therefore hee sent worde vnto Don Alonso de Bassan, that hee
+should returne againe to the Groine, which he presently did (without doing
+any thing, nor once approching neer the Ilands, sauing onely the two
+foresayd ships, for he well knew that the Englishmen lay by the Iland of
+Coruo, but he would not visit them): and so he returned to the hauen the
+Groine, whereby our goods that came from Malacca were yet to ship, and
+trussed vp againe, and forced to stay a more fortunate time with patience
+perforce.
+
+The 23 of October there arriued in Tercera a Carauel with aduise out of
+Portugall, that of 5 ships which in the yere 1590 were laden in Lisbon for
+the Indies, 4 of them were turned againe to Portin. After they had bene 4
+moneths abroad, and that the Admirall, wherein the Viceroy called Mathias
+d'Albukerk sailed, had onely gotten to India, as afterward newes thereof
+was brought ouer-land, hauing bin at the least 11 moneths at sea and neuer
+saw land, and came in great misery to Malacca. In this ship there died by
+the way 280 men, according to a note by himselfe made, and sent to the
+Cardinal at Lisbon, with the names and surnames of euery man, together with
+a description of his voiage, and the misery they had endured, which was
+onely done, because he would not lose the gouernment of India: and for that
+cause he had sworne either to lose his life, or to arriue in India, as in,
+deed he did afterwards, but to the great danger, losse and hinderance of
+his companie, that were forced to buy it with their liues, and onely for
+want of prouision, as it may wel be thought: for he knew full well that if
+he had returned backe againe into Portugal as the other ships did, he
+should haue bin cassiered from his Indian regiment, because the people
+began already to murmure at him for his proud and lofty mind. And among
+other things that shewed his pride the more, behind aboue the gallery of
+his ship he caused Fortune to be painted, and his own picture with a staffe
+standing by her, as it were threatning Fortune, with this posie, Quero que
+vencas, that is, I wil haue thee to ouercome: which being read by the
+Cardinal and other gentlemen (that to honor him brought him aboord his
+ship) it was thought to be a point of exceeding folly: but it is no strange
+matter among the Portugals: for they aboue all others must of force let the
+foole peepe out of their sleeues, specially when they are in authority, for
+that I knew the said Mathias d'Albukerk in India, being a souldier and a
+captaine, where he was esteemed and accounted for one of the best of them,
+and much honoured, and beloued of all men, as behauing himselfe curteously
+to euery man, whereby they all desired that he might be Viceroy. But when
+he once had receiued his patent with full power and authoritie from the
+king to be Viceroy, he changed so much from his former behauiour, that by
+reason of his pride, they all began to feare and curse him, and that before
+hee departed out of Lisbon, as it is often seene in many men that are
+aduanced vnto state and dignitie.
+
+The 20 of Ianuarie 1591. there was newes brought out of Portugall into
+Tercera, that the Englishmen had taken a ship that the king had sent into
+the Portugall Indies, with aduise to the Viceroy for the returning againe
+of the 4 ships that should haue gone to India, and because the ships were
+come backe againe, that ship was stuffed and laded as full of goods as
+possible it might be, hauing likewise in ready money 500 thousand duckets
+in roials of 8, besides other wares. It departed from Lisbon in the moneth
+of Nouember 1590. and met with the Englishmen, with whom for a time it
+fought, but in the end it was taken and caried into England with men and
+all, yet when they came there, the men were set at libertie, and returned
+into Lisbon, where the captaine was committed prisoner; but he excused
+himselfe and was released, with whom I spake my selfe, and he made this
+report vnto me. At the same time also they tooke a ship that came from the
+Mine laden with gold, and 2 ships laden with pepper and spices that were to
+saile into Italy, the pepper onely that was in them, being worth 170
+thousand duckets: all these ships were caried into England, and made good
+prise.
+
+In the moneth of Iuly 1591. there hapned an earthquake in the Iland of S.
+Michael, which continued from the 26 of Iuly, to the 12 of August, in which
+time no man durst stay within his house but fled into the fields, fasting
+and praying with great sorow, for that many of their houses fel down, and a
+towne called Villa Franca, was almost cleane razed to the ground, all the
+cloisters and houses shaken to the earth, and therein some people slaine.
+The land in some places rose vp, and the cliffs remooued from one place to
+another, and some hils were defaced and made euen with the ground. The
+earthquake was so strong, that the ships which lay in the road and on the
+sea, shaked as if the world would haue turned round: there sprang also a
+fountaine out of the earth, for whence for the space of 4 daies, there
+flowed a most cleare water, and after that it ceased. At the same time they
+heard such thunder and noise vnder the earth, as if all the deuils in hell
+had bin assembled together in that place, wherewith many died for feare.
+The Iland of Tercera shooke 4 times together, so that it seemed to turne
+about, but there hapned no misfortune vnto it. Earthquakes are common in
+those Ilands, for about 20 yeres past there hapned another earthquake,
+wherein a high hill that lieth by the same towne of Villa Franca, fell
+halfe downe, and couered all the towne with earth, and killed many men. The
+25 of August the kings Armada comming out of Ferol arriued in Tercera being
+in all 30 ships, Biskaines, Portugals and Spaniards, and 10 Dutch flieboats
+that were arrested in Lisbon to serue the king, besides other small ships
+and pataxos, that came to serue as messengers from place to place, and to
+discouer the seas. This nauie came to stay for, and conuoy the ships that
+should come from the Spanish Indies, and the flieboats were appointed in
+their returne home, to take in the goods that were saued in the lost ship
+that came from Malacca, and to conuoy them to Lisbon.
+
+The 13 of September the said Armada arriued at the Iland of Coruo, where
+the Englishmen with about 16 ships as then lay, staying for the Spanish
+fleet, whereof some or the most part were come, and there the English were
+in good hope to haue taken them. But when they perceiued the kings army to
+be strong, the Admiral being the lord Thomas Howard, commanded his Fleet
+not to fal vpon them, nor any of them once to separate their ships from
+him, vnlesse he gaue commission so to do: notwithstanding the viceadmirall
+sir Richard Greenuil being in the ship called the Reuenge, went into the
+Spanish fleet, and shot among them doing them great hurt, and thinking the
+rest of the company would haue folowed, which they did not, but left him
+there, and sailed away: the cause why could not be knowen. Which the
+Spaniards perceiuing, with 7 or 8 ships they boorded her, but she withstood
+them all, fighting with them at the least 12 houres together and sunke two
+of them, one being a new double Flieboat of 600 tunnes, and Admiral of the
+Flieboats, the other a Biscain; but in the end by reason of the number that
+came vpon her, she was taken, but to their great losse: for they had lost
+in fighting and by drowning aboue 400 men, and of the English were slaine
+about 100, Sir Richard Greenuil himselfe being wounded in his braine,
+whereof afterwards he died. He was caried into the ship called S. Paul,
+wherein was the Admirall of the fleet Don Alonso de Baçan: there his wounds
+were drest by the Spanish surgeons, but Don Alonso himselfe would neither
+see him nor speake with him: all the rest of the Captaines and gentlemen
+went to visite him, and to comfort him in his hard fortune wondering at his
+courage and stout heart, for that he shewed not any signe of faintnes nor
+changing of colour; but feeling the houre of death to approch, he spake
+these words in Spanish, and said: Here die I Richard Greenuil with a ioyful
+and quiet mind, for that I haue ended my life as a true souldier ought to
+do, that hath fought for his countrey, Queene, religion and honor, whereby
+my soule most ioyfull departeth out of this body, and shal alwayes leaue
+behind it an euerlasting fame of a valiant and true souldier that hath done
+his dutie as he was bound to doe. When he had finished these or such other
+like words, he gaue vp the Ghost, with great and stout courage, and no man
+could perceiue any true signe of heauines in him.
+
+This sir Rich. Greenuil was a great and a rich gentleman in England, and
+had great yeerely reuenues of his owne inheritance, but he was a man very
+vnquiet in his mind, and greatly affected to war; insomuch as of his owne
+priuate motion he offred his seruice to the Queene: he had performed many
+valiant acts, and was greatly feared in these Ilands, and knowen of euery
+man, but of nature very seuere, so that his owne people hated him for his
+fiercenesse, and spake very hardly of him: for when they first entred into
+the fleet or Armada, they had their great saile in a readinesse, and might
+possibly enough haue sailed away, for it was one of the best ships for
+saile in England, and the master perceiuing that the other ships had left
+them, and folowed not after, commanded the great saile to be cut that they
+might make away: but sir Rich. Greenuil threatned both him and al the rest
+that were in the ship, that if any man laid hand vpon it, he would cause
+him to be hanged, and so by that occasion they were compelled to fight and
+in the end were taken. He was of so hard a complexion, that as he continued
+among the Spanish captains while they were at dinner or supper with him, he
+would carouse 3 or 4 glasses of wine, and in a brauerie take the glasses
+betweene his teeth and crash them in pieces and swalow them downe, so that
+oftentimes the blood ran out of his mouth without any harme at all vnto
+him: and this was told me by diuers credible persons that many times stood
+and beheld him. The Englishmen that were left in the ship, as the captaine
+of the souldiers, the master and others were dispersed into diuers of the
+Spanish ships that had taken them, where there had almost a new fight
+arisen between the Biscains and the Portugals: while each of them would
+haue the honour to haue first boorded her, so that there grew a great noise
+and quarel among them, one taking the chiefe ensigne, and the other the
+flag, and the captaine and euery one held his owne. The ships that had
+boorded her were altogether out of order, and broken, and many of their men
+hurt, whereby they were compelled to come into the Island of Tercera, there
+to repaire themselues: where being arriued, I and my chamberfelow, to heare
+some newes, went aboord one of the ships being a great Biscain, and one of
+the 12 Apostles, whose captaine was called Bartandono, that had bin General
+of the Biscains in the fleet that went for England. He seeing vs called vs
+up into the gallery, where with great curtesie he receiued vs, being as
+then set at dinner with the English captaine that sate by him, and had on a
+sute of blacke veluet, but he could not tell vs any thing, for that he
+could speake no other language but English and Latine, which Bartandano
+also could a litle speake. The English captaine got licence of the
+gouernour that he might come on land with his weapon by his side, and was
+in our lodging with the Englishman that was kept prisoner in the Iland,
+being of that ship whereof the sailers got away, as I said before. The
+gouernour of Tercera bade him to dinner, and shewed him great curtesie. The
+master likewise with licence of Bartandono came on land and was in our
+lodging, and had at the least 10 or 12 wounds, as well in his head as on
+his body, whereof after that being at sea betweene Lisbon and the Ilands he
+died. The captaine wrote a letter, wherein he declared all the maner of the
+fight, and left it with the English marchant that lay in our lodging, to
+send it to the lord Admiral of England. This English captaine comming vnto
+Lisbon, was there wel receiued and not any hurt done vnto him, but with
+good conuoy sent vnto Setuuel, and from thence sailed into England with all
+the rest of the Englishmen that were taken prisoners.
+
+The Spanish armie staied at the Iland of Coruo til the last of September,
+to assemble the rest of the fleet together, which in the ende were to the
+number of 140 sailes of ships partly comming from India, and partly of the
+army, and being altogether readie to saile to Tercera in good company,
+there suddenly rose so hard and cruell a storme, that those of the Ilands
+did affirme, that in mans memorie there was neuer any such seen or heard
+off before: for it seemed the sea would haue swalowed vp the Ilands, the
+water mounting higher then the cliffs, which are so high that it amaseth a
+man to behold them: but the sea reached aboue them, and liuing fishes were
+throwen vpon the land. This storme continued not only a day or two with one
+wind, but 7 or 8 dayes continually, the wind turning round about in al
+places of the compasse, at the lest twise or thrise during that time, and
+all alike, with a continuall storme and tempest most terrible to behold,
+euen to vs that were on shore, much more then to such as were at sea: so
+that onely on the coasts and cliffes of the Iland of Tercera, there were
+aboue 12 ships cast away, and not onely vpon the one side, but round about
+it in euery corner, whereby nothing els was heard but complaining, crying,
+lamenting and telling, here is a ship broken in pieces against the cliffes,
+and there another, and all the men drowned: so that for the space of 20
+dayes after the storme, they did nothing els but fish for dead men that
+continually came driuing on the shore. [Sidenote: The wracke of the
+Reuenge.] Among the rest was the English ship called the Reuenge, that was
+cast away vpon a cliffe neere to the Iland of Tercera, where it brake in an
+hundred pieces and sunke to the ground, hauing in her 70 men Galegos,
+Biscains, and others, with some of the captiue Englishmen, whereof but one
+was saued that got vp vpon the cliffes aliue, and had his body and head all
+wounded, and he being on shore brought vs the newes desiring to be shriuen,
+and thereupon presently died. The Reuenge had in her diuers faire brasse
+pieces that were all sunke in the sea, which they of the Iland were in good
+hope to waigh vp againe the next Sommer after. Among these ships that were
+cast away about Tercera, was likewise a Flie-boat, one of those that had
+bin arrested in Portugall to serue the king, called the white Doue, the
+master of her was one Cornelius Martenson of Schiedam in Holland, and there
+were in her 100 souldiers, as in euery one of the rest there were. He being
+ouer-ruled by the captaine that he could not be master of his owne, sayling
+here and there at the mercy of God, as the storme droue him, in the end
+came within the sight of the Iland of Tercera, which the Spaniards
+perceiuing thought all their safety onely to consist in putting into the
+road, compelling the Master and the Pilot to make towards the Iland,
+although the master refused to doe it, saying, that they were most sure
+there to be cast away and vtterly spoyled: but the captaine called him
+drunkard and Heretique, and striking him with a staffe, commaunded him to
+doe as he would haue him. The Master, seeing this and being compelled to
+doe it, sayd: well then my Masters, seeing that it is the desire of you all
+to bee cast away, I can but lose one life, and therewith desperately he
+sayled towards the shore, and was on that side of the Iland, where there
+was nothing els but hard stones and rocks, as high as mountaines, most
+terrible to beholde, where some of the inhabitants stood with long ropes
+and corke bound at the ende thereof, to throw them downe, vnto the men,
+that they might lay holde vpon them and saue their liues: but few of them
+got so neere, most of them being cast away, and smitten in pieces before
+they could get to the wall. The ship sailing in this maner (as I sayd
+before) towards the Iland, and approching to the shore, the master being an
+olde man, and full of yeeres, called his sonne that was in the ship with
+him, and hauing imbraced one another, and taken their last farewell, the
+good olde father willed his sonne not to take care for him, but seeke to
+saue himselfe; for (sayd he) sonne thou art yong, and mayest haue some hope
+to saue thy life, but as for me it is no great matter (I am olde) what
+become of me, and therewith ech of these shedding many teares, as euery
+louing father and kinde childe may well consider, the ship fell vpon the
+cliffes, and brake in pieces, the father on the one side, the sonne on the
+other side falling into the sea, ech laying holde vpon that which came next
+to hand, but to no purpose; for the sea was so high and furious, that they
+were all drowned, and onely foureteene or fifteene saued themselues by
+swimming, with their legs and armes halfe broken and out of ioynt, among
+which was the Masters sonne, and foure other Dutch boyes: the rest of the
+Spaniards and Sailers, with the Captaine and Master, were drowned. Whose
+heart would not melt with teares to beholde so grieuous a sight, specially
+considering with himselfe that the greatest cause thereof was the
+beastliness and insolency of the Spaniards, as in this onely example may
+well be seene? Whereby may be considered how the other shippes sped, as we
+ourselues did in part beholde, and by the men that were saued did heare
+more at large, as also some others of our countreymen that as then were in
+the like danger can well witnesse.
+
+On the other Ilands the losse was no lesse then in Tercera: for on the
+Iland of Saint George there were two ships cast away: on the Iland of Pico
+two ships: on the Iland of Gratiosa three ships: and besides those there
+came euery where round about diuers pieces of broken ships, and other
+things fleeting towards the Ilands, wherewith the sea was all couered most
+pitifull to beholde. On the Iland of S. Michael there were foure ships cast
+away, and betweene Tercera and S. Michael three more were sunke, which were
+seene and heard to cry out; whereof not one man was saued. [Sidenote: About
+100 Spanish and Portugall ships drowned.] The rest put into the sea without
+masts, all torne and rent: so that of the whole fleet and armada, being 140
+ships in all, there were but 32 or 33 arriued in Spaine and Portugall, yea,
+and those few with so great misery, paine and labour, that not two of them
+arriued there together, but this day one, and tomorrow another, next day
+the third, and so one after the other to the number aforesayd. All the rest
+were cast away vpon the Ilands, and ouerwhelmed in the Sea, whereby may be
+considered what great losse and hindrance they receiued at that time: for
+by many mens iudgments it was esteemed to be much more then was lost by
+their army that came for England: and it may well be thought, and presumed,
+that it was no other but a iust plague purposely sent by God vpon the
+Spaniards, and that it might truely be sayd, the taking of the Reuenge was
+iustly reuenged vpon them, and not by the might or force of man, but by the
+power of God, as some of them openly sayd in the Ile of Tercera, that they
+beleeued verily God would consume them, and that he tooke part with the
+Lutherans and heretiks: saying further that so soone as they had throwen
+the dead body of the Viceadmirall Sir Richard Greenfield ouerboord, they
+verily thought that as he had a diuellish faith and religion, and therefore
+the diuels loued him, so he presently sunke into the bottome of the sea,
+and downe into hell, where he raised vp all the diuels to the reuenge of
+his death: and that they brought so great stormes and torments vpon the
+Spaniards, because they onely maintained the Catholike and Romish religion.
+Such and the like blasphemies against God, they ceased not openly to vtter,
+without being reprooued of any man therein, nor for their false opinions:
+but the most part of them rather sayd and affirmed, that of trueth it must
+needs be so.
+
+As one of those Indian fleets put out of Noua Spagna, there were 35 of them
+by storme and tempest cast away and drowned in the Sea, being 50 in all; so
+that but 15 escaped. Of the fleet that came from Santo Domingo there were
+14 cast away, comming out of the chanell of Hauana, whereof the Admirall
+and Viceadmirall were two of them: and from Terra Firma in India there came
+two ships laden with golde and siluer, that were taken by the Englishmen:
+and before the Spanish army came to Coruo, the Englishmen at times had
+taken at the least 20 ships, that came from S. Domingo, India, Brasilia,
+&c. and were all sent into England.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The miraculous victory atchieved by the English Fleete, under the discreet
+  and happy conduct of the right honourable, right prudent, and valiant
+  lord, the L. Charles Howard, L. high Admirall of England, &c. Vpon the
+  Spanish huge Armada sent in the yeere 1588. for the invasion of England,
+  together with the wofull and miserable success of the said Armada
+  afterward, upon the Coasts of Norway, of the Scottish Westerne Isles, of
+  Ireland, Spain, France, and of England, &c. Recorded in Latine by Emanuel
+  van Meteran, in the 15. Booke of his history of the Low Countreys.
+
+Hauing in part declared the strange and wonderfull euents of the yeere
+eightie eight, which hath bene so long time foretold by ancient prophesies;
+we will now make relation of the most notable and great enterprise of all
+others which were in the foresaid yeere atchieued, in order as it was done.
+Which exploit (although in very deed it was not performed in any part of
+the low Countreys) was intended for their ruine and destruction. And it was
+the expedition which the Spanish king, hauing a long time determined the
+same in his minde, and hauing consulted thereabout with the Pope, set
+foorth and vndertooke against England and the low Countreys. To the end
+that he might subdue the Realme of England, and reduce it vnto his
+catholique Religion, and by that meanes might be sufficiently reuenged for
+the disgrace, contempt and dishonour, which hee (hauing 34. yeeres before
+enforced them to the Popes obedience) had endured of the English nation,
+and for diuers other iniuries which had taken deepe impression in his
+thoughts. And also for that hee deemed this to bee the most readie and
+direct course, whereby hee might recouer his heredetarie possession of the
+lowe Countreys, hauing restrained the inhabitants from sayling vpon the
+coast of England. Which verily, vpon most weighty arguments and euident
+reasons, was thought would vndoubtedly haue come to passe, considering the
+great aboundance and store of all things necessary wherewith those men were
+furnished, which had the managing of that action committed vnto them. But
+now let vs describe the matter more particularly.
+
+[Sidenote: The preparation of the Spanish King to subdue England and the
+lowe Countreys.] The Spanish King hauing with small fruite and commoditie,
+for aboue twentie yeeres together, waged warre against the Netherlanders,
+after deliberation with his counsellers thereabout, thought it most
+conuenient to assault them once againe by Sea, which had bene attempted
+sundry times heretofore, but not with forces sufficient. Vnto the which
+expedition it stoode him nowe in hand to ioyne great puissance, as hauing
+the English people his professed enemies; whose Island is so situate, that
+it may either greatly helpe or hinder all such as saile into those parts.
+For which cause hee thought good first of all to inuade England, being
+perswaded by his Secretary Escouedo, and by diuers other well experienced
+Spaniards and Dutchmen, and by many English fugitiues, that the conquest of
+that Island was lesse difficult then the conquest of Holland and Zeland.
+Moreouer the Spaniards were of opinion, that it would bee farre more
+behouefull for their King to conquere England and the lowe Countreys all at
+once, then to be constrained continually to maintaine a warlike Nauie to
+defend his East and West Indie Fleetes, from the English Drake, and from
+such like valiant enemies.
+
+And for the same purpose the king Catholique had giuen commandement long
+before in Italie and Spaine, that a great quantitie of timber should be
+felled for the building of shippes; and had besides made great preparation
+of things and furniture requisite for such an expedition; as namely in
+founding of brasen Ordinance, in storing vp of corne and victuals, in
+trayning of men to vse warlike weapons, in leauying and mustering of
+souldiers: insomuch that about the beginning of the yeere 1588. he had
+finished such a mightie Nauie, and brought it into Lisbon hauen, as neuer
+the like had before that time sailed vpon the Ocean sea.
+
+A very large and particular description of this Nauie was put in print and
+published by the Spaniards; wherein were set downe the number, names, and
+burthens of the shippes, the number of Mariners and souldiers throughout
+the whole Fleete; likewise the quantitie of their Ordinance, of their
+armour, of bullets, of match, of gun-poulder, of victuals, and of all their
+Nauall furniture was in the saide description particularized. Vnto all
+these were added the names of the Gouernours, Captaines, Noblemen and
+gentlemen voluntaries, of whom there was so great a multitude, that scarce
+was there any family of accompt, or any one principall man throughout all
+Spaine, that had not a brother, sonne or kinseman in that Fleete: who all
+of them were in good hope to purchase vnto themselues in that Nauie (as
+they termed it) inuincible endlesse glory and renowne, and to possesse
+themselues of great Seigniories and riches in England, and in the lowe
+Countreys. But because the said description was translated and published
+out of Spanish into diuers other languages, we will here onely make an
+abridgment or briefe rehearsall thereof.
+
+[Sidenote: The number and qualitie of the ships in the Spanish Fleete, with
+the souldiers, Mariners, and pieces of Ordinance.] Portugal furnished and
+set foorth vnder the conduct of the duke of Medina Sidonia generall of the
+Fleete, ten Galeons, two Zabraes, 1300. Mariners, 3300. souldiers, 300.
+great pieces, with all requisite furniture.
+
+Biscay, vnder the conduct of Iohn Martines de Ricalde Admiral of the whole
+Fletee, set forth tenne Galeons, 4. Pataches, 700. mariners, 2000.
+souldiers, 250. great pieces, &c.
+
+Guipusco, vnder the conduct of Michael de Oquendo, tenne Galeons, 4
+Pataches, 700. mariners, 2000. souldiers, 310. great pieces.
+
+Italy with the Leuant Islands, vnder Martine de Vertendona, 10. Galeons,
+800. mariners, 2000. souldiers, 310. great pieces, &c.
+
+Castile, vnder Diego Flores de Valdez, 14. Galeons, two Pataches, 1700.
+mariners, 2400. souldiers, and 380. great pieces, &c.
+
+Andaluzia, vnder the conduct of Petro de Valdez, 10. Galeons, one Patache,
+800. mariners, 2400. souldiers, 280. great pieces, &c.
+
+Item, vnder the conduct of Iohn Lopez de Medina, 23. great Flemish hulkes,
+with 700. mariners, 3200. souldiers, and 400. great pieces.
+
+Item, vnder Hugo de Moncada, foure Galliasses containing 1200.
+gally-slaues, 460. mariners, 870. souldiers, 200. great pieces, &c.
+
+Item, vnder Diego de Mandrana, foure Gallies of Portugall, with 888.
+gally-slaues, 360. mariners, 20 great pieces, and other requisite
+furniture.
+
+Item, vnder Anthonie de Mendoza, 22. Pataches and Zabraes, with 574.
+mariners, 488. souldiers, and 193. great pieces.
+
+Besides, the ships aforementioned there were 20 carauels rowed with oares,
+being appointed to performe necessary seruices vnto the greater ships:
+insomuch that all the ships appertayning to this Nauie amounted vnto the
+summe of 150. eche one being sufficiently prouided of furniture and
+victuals,
+
+The number of mariners in the saide Fleete were aboue 8000. of slaues 2088.
+of souldiers 20000. (besides noblemen and gentlemen voluntaries) of great
+cast pieces 2650. The foresaid ships were of an huge and incredible
+capacitie and receipt. For the whole Fleete was large ynough to containe
+the burthen of 60 thousand tunnes.
+
+[Sidenote: A description of the Galeons.] The Galeons were 64. in number,
+being of an huge bignesse, and very stately built, being of marueilous
+force also, and so high that they resembled great castles, most fit to
+defend themselues and to withstand any assault, but in giuing any other
+ships the encounter farre inferiour vnto the English and Dutch ships, which
+can with great dexteritie wield and turn themselues at all assayes. The
+vpperworke of the said Galeons was of thicknesse and strength sufficient to
+beare off musket-shot. The lower worke and the timbers thereof were out of
+measure strong, being framed of plankes and ribs foure or fiue foote in
+thicknesse, insomuch that no bullets could pierce them, but such as were
+discharged hard at hand: which afterward prooued true, for a great number
+of bullets were founde to sticke fast within the massie substance of those
+thicke plankes. Great and well pitched Cables were twined about the masts
+of their shippes, to strengthen them against the battery of shot.
+
+[Sidenote: A description of the Galliasses.] The Galliasses were of such
+bignesse, that they contained within them chambers, chapels, turrets,
+pulpits, and other commodities of great houses. The Galliasses were rowed
+with great oares, there being in eche one of them 300. slaues for the same
+purpose, and were able to do great seruice with the force of their
+Ordinance. All these together with the residue aforenamed were furnished
+and beautified with trumpets, streamers, banners, warlike ensignes, and
+other such like ornaments.
+
+[Sidenote: The great Ordinance, bullets, gunpoulder, and other furniture.]
+Their pieces of brasen ordinance were 1600. and of yron a 1000.
+
+The bullets thereto belonging were 120. thousand.
+
+Item of gun-poulder 5600. quintals. Of matche 1200. quintals.
+
+Of muskets and kaleiuers 7000. Of haleberts and partisans 10000.
+
+Moreouer they had great store of canons, double-canons, culuerings and
+field-pieces for land seruices.
+
+[Sidenote: Their prouision of victuals and other things necessary.]
+Likewise they were prouided of all instruments necessary on land to
+conueigh and transport their furniture from place to place; as namely of
+carts, wheeles, wagons, &C. Also they had spades, mattocks and baskets to
+set pioners on worke. They had in like sort great store of mules and
+horses, and whatsoeuer else was requisite for a land-armie. They were so
+well stored of biscuit, that for the space of halfe a yeere, they might
+allow eche person in the whole Fleete half a quintall euery moneth; whereof
+the whole summe amounteth vnto an hundred thousand quintals.
+
+Likewise of wine they had 147. thousand pipes, sufficient also for halfe a
+yeeres expedition. Of bacon 6500. quintals. Of cheese three thousand
+quintals. Besides fish, rise, beanes, pease, oile, vineger, &c.
+
+Moreouer they had 12000. pipes of fresh water, and all other necessary
+prouision, as namely candles, lanternes, lampes, sailes, hempe, ox-hides
+and lead to stop holes that should be made with the battery of gunshot. To
+be short, they brought all things expedient either for a Fleete by sea, or
+for an armie by land.
+
+This Nauie (as Diego Pimentelli afterward confessed) was esteemed by the
+King himselfe to containe 32000. persons, and to cost him euery day 30.
+thousand ducates.
+
+[Sidenote: A Spanish terza consisteth of 3200. souldiers.] There were in
+the said Nauie fiue terzaes of Spaniards, (which terzaes the Frenchmen call
+Regiments) vnder the commaund of fiue gouernours termed by the Spaniards,
+Masters of the field, and amongst the rest there were many olde and expert
+souldiers chosen out of the garisons of Sicilie, Naples, and Terçera. Their
+Captaines or Colonels were Diego Pimentelli, Don Francisco de Toledo, Don
+Alonço de Luçon, Don Nicolas de Isla, Don Augustin de Mexia; who had eche
+of them 32. companies vnder their conduct. Besides the which companies
+there were many bands also of Castilians and Portugals, euery one of which
+had their peculiar gouernours, captaines, officers, colours and weapons.
+
+It was not lawfull for any man, vnder grieuous penaltie, to cary any women
+or harlots in the Fleete: for which cause the women hired certaine shippes,
+wherein they sailed after the Nauie: some of the which being driuen by
+tempest arriued vpon the coast of France.
+
+The generall of this mightie Nauie, was Don Alonso Perez de Guzman duke of
+Medina Sidonia, Lord of S. Lucar, and knight of the golden Fleece: by
+reason that the Marques of santa Cruz appointed for the same dignitie,
+deceased before the time.
+
+Iohn Martines de Ricalde was Admirall of the Fleete.
+
+Francis Bouadilla was chiefe Marshall: who all of them had their officers
+fit and requisite for the guiding and managing of such a multitude.
+Likewise Martin Alorcon was appointed Vicar generall of the Inquisition,
+being accompanied with more then a hundreth Monkes, to wit, Iesuites,
+Capuchines, and friers mendicant. Besides whom also there were Phisitians,
+Chirurgians, Apothecaries, and whatsoever else perteined vnto the
+hospitall.
+
+Ouer and besides the forenamed gouernours and officers being men of chiefe
+note, there were 124. very noble and worthy Gentlemen, which went
+voluntarily of their owne costs and charges, to the ende they might see
+fashions, learne experience, and attaine vnto glory. Amongst whom was the
+prince of Ascoli, Alonzo de Leiua, the marques de Pennafiel, the marques de
+Ganes, the marques de Barlango, count de Paredes, count de Yeluas, and
+diuers other marqueses and earles of the honourable families of Mendoza, of
+Toledo, of Pachieco, of Cordoua, of Guzman, of Manricques, and a great
+number of others.
+
+[Sidenote: The preparation of the Duke of Parma to aide the Spaniards.]
+While the Spaniards were furnishing this their Nauuie, the Duke of Parma,
+at the direction of king Philip, made great preparation in the low
+Countreys, to giue ayd and assistance vnto the Spaniards; building ships
+for the same purpose, and sending for Pilots and shipwrights out of Italy.
+
+In Flanders hee caused certaine deepe chanels to be made, and among the
+rest the chanell of Yper commonly called Yper-lee, employing some thousands
+of workemen about that seruice: to the end that by the said chanel he might
+transport ships from Antwerp and Ghendt to Bruges, where hee had assembled
+aboue a hundreth small ships called hoyes being well stored with victuals,
+which hoyes hee was determined to haue brought into the sea by the way of
+Sluys, or else to haue conueyed them by the saide Yper-lee being now of
+greater depth, into any port of Flanders whatsoeuer.
+
+In the riuer of Waten he caused 70. ships with flat bottomes to be built,
+euery one of which should serue to cary 30. horses, hauing eche of them
+bridges likewise for the horses to come on boord, or to goe foorth on land.
+Of the same fashion he had prouided 200. other vessels at Nieuport, but not
+so great. And at Dunkerk hee procured 28. ships of warre, such as were
+there to be had, and caused a sufficient number of Mariners to be leuied at
+Hamburgh, Breme, Emden, and at other places. Hee put in the ballast of the
+said ships, great store of beames of thicke plankes, being hollow and beset
+with yron pikes beneath, but on eche side full of claspes and hookes, to
+ioyne them together.
+
+Hee had likewise at Greueling prouided 20. thousand of caske, which in a
+short space might be compact and ioyned together with nailes and cords, and
+reduced into the forme of a bridge. To be short, whatsoeuer things were
+requisite for the making of bridges, and for the barring and stopping vp of
+hauens mouthes with stakes, posts, and other meanes, he commanded to be
+made ready. Moreouer not farre from Neiuport hauen, he had caused a great
+pile of wooden fagots to be layd, and other furniture to be brought for the
+rearing vp of a mount. The most part of his ships conteined two ouens a
+piece to bake bread in, with a great number of sadles, bridles, and such
+other like apparell for horses. They had horses likewise, which after their
+landing should serue to conuey, and draw engines, field-pieces, and other
+warlike prouisions.
+
+Neere vnto Neiuport he had assembled an armie, ouer the which he had
+ordained Camillo de Monte to be Camp-master. This army consisted of 30.
+bands or ensignes of Italians, of tenne bands of Wallons, eight of Scots,
+and eight of Burgundians, all which together amount vnto 56. bands, euery
+band containing a hundreth persons. Neare vnto Dixmund there were mustered
+80. bands of Dutch men, sixtie of Spaniards, sixe of high Germans, and
+seuen bands of English fugitiues, vnder the conduct of sir William Stanley
+an English knight.
+
+In the suburbes of Cortreight there were 4000. horsemen together with their
+horses in a readinesse: and at Waten 900. horses, with the troupe of the
+Marques Del Gwasto Captaine generall of the horsemen.
+
+Vnto this famous expedition and presupposed victorie, many potentates,
+princes, and honourable personages hied themselues: out of Spaine the
+prince of Melito called the duke of Pastrana and taken to be the sonne of
+one Ruygomes de Silua, but in very deed accompted among the number of king
+Philips base sonnes. Also the Marques of Burgraue, one of the sonnes of
+Archiduke Ferdinand and Philippa Welsera. Vespasian Gonsaga of the family
+of Mantua, being for chiualry a man of great renowne, and heretofore
+Vice-roy in Spaine. Item Iohn Medices base sonne vnto the duke of Florence.
+And Amadas of Sauoy, the duke of Sauoy his base sonne, with many others of
+inferiour degrees.
+
+[Sidenote: The Popes furtherance to the conquest of England, and of the low
+countries.] Likewise Pope Sixtus quintus for the setting forth of the
+foresaid expedition, as they vse to do against Turkes and infidels,
+published a Cruzado, with most ample indulgences which were printed in
+great numbers. These vaine buls the English and Dutchmen deriding, sayd
+that the deuill at all passages lay in ambush like a thiefe, no whit
+regarding such letters of safe conduct. Some there be which affirme that
+the Pope had bestowed the realme of England with the title of Defensor
+fidei, vpon the king of Spaine, giuing him charge to inuade it vpon this
+condition, that he should enioy the conquered realm, as a vassal and
+tributarie, in that regard, vnto the sea of Rome. To this purpose the said
+Pope proffered a million of gold, the one halfe thereof to be paied in
+readie money, and the other halfe when the realme of England or any famous
+port thereof were subdued. And for the greater furtherance of the whole
+businesse, he dispatched one D. Allen an English man (whom he had made
+Cardinall for the same ende and purpose) into the Low countries, vnto whom
+he committed the administration of all matters ecclesiasticall throughout
+England. This Allen being enraged against his owne natiue countrey, caused
+the Popes bull to be translated into English, meaning vpon the arriual of
+the Spanish fleete to haue it so published in England. By which Bull the
+excommunications of the two former Popes were confirmed, and the Queenes
+most sacred Maiestie was by them most vniustly depriued of all princely
+titles and dignities, her subjects being enioyned to performe obedience
+vnto the duke of Parma, and vnto the Popes Legate.
+
+But that all matters might be performed with greater secrecie, and that the
+whole expedition might seeme rather to be intended against the Low
+countries, then against England, and that the English people might be
+perswaded that all was but bare words and threatnings, and that nought
+would come to effect, there was a solemne meeting appointed at Borborch in
+Flanders for a treatie of peace betweene her matestie and the Spanish king.
+
+[Sidenote: A treatie of peace, to the end that Englad and the vnited
+prouinces might be secure of inuasion.] Against which treatie the vnited
+prouinces making open protestation, vsed all meanes possible to hinder it,
+alleaging that it was more requisite to consult how the enemie now pressing
+vpon them might be repelled from off their frontiers. Howbeit some there
+were in England that greatly vrged and prosecuted this league, saying, that
+it would be very commodious vnto the state of the realme, as well in regard
+of traffique and nauigation, as for the auoiding of great expenses to
+maintaine the warres, affirming also, that at the same time peace might
+easily and vpon reasonable conditions be obtained of the Spaniard. Others
+thought by this meanes to diuert some other way, or to keepe backe the nauy
+now comming vpon them, and so to escape the danger of that tempest.
+Howsoeuer it was, the duke of Parma by these wiles enchanted and dazeled
+the eyes of many English and Dutch men that were desirous of peace:
+whereupon it came to passe, that England and the vnited prouinces prepared
+in deed some defence to withstand that dreadfull expedition and huge
+Armada, but nothing in comparison of the great danger which was to be
+feared, albeit the constant report of the whole expedition had continued
+rife among them for a long time before. Howbeit they gaue eare vnto the
+relation of certaine that sayd, that this nauie was prouided to conduct and
+waft ouer the Indian Fleets: which seemed the more probable because the
+Spaniards were deemed not to be men of so small discretion as to aduenture
+those huge and monstrous ships vpon the shallow and dangerous chanel of
+England.
+
+[Sidenote: Her maiesties warlike preparation by sea.] At length when as the
+French king about the end of May signified vnto her Maiestie in plaine
+termes that she should stand vpon her guard, because he was now most
+certainly enformed, that there was so dangerous an inuasion imminent vpon
+her realme, that he feared much least all her land and sea-forces would be
+sufficient to withstand it, &c. then began the Queens Maiestie more
+carefully to gather her forces together, and to furnish her own ships of
+warre, and the principall ships of her subiects with souldiers, weapons,
+and other necessary prouision. The greatest and strongest ships of the
+whole nauy she sent vnto Plimmouth vnder the conduct of the right honorable
+Lord Charles Howard, lord high Admirall of England, &c. Vnder whom the
+renoumed Knight Sir Francis Drake was appointed Vice-admiral. The number of
+these ships was about an hundreth. The lesser ships being 30. or 40. in
+number, and vnder the conduct of the lord Henry Seimer were commanded to
+lie between Douer and Caleis.
+
+[Sidenote: Her Maiesties land-forces.] On land likewise throughout the
+whole realme, souldiers were mustered and trained in all places, and were
+committed vnto the most resolute and faithfull captaines. And whereas it
+was commonly giuen out that the Spaniard hauing once vnited himselfe vnto
+the duke of Parma, meant to inuade by the riuer of Thames, there was at
+Tilburie in Essex ouer-against Grauesend, a mightie army encamped, and on
+both sides of the riuer fortifications were erected, according to the
+prescription of Frederike Genebelli, an Italian enginier. Likewise there
+were certaine ships brought to make a bridge, though it were very late
+first. Vnto the sayd army came in proper person the Queens most roiall
+Maiestie, representing Tomyris that Scythian warlike princesse, or rather
+diuine Pallas her selfe. Also there were other such armies leuied in
+England.
+
+The principall catholique Recussants (least they should stirre vp any
+tumult in the time of the Spanish inuasion) were sent to remaine at
+certaine conuenient places, as namely in the Isle of Ely and at Wisbich.
+And some of them were sent vnto other places, to wit, vnto sundry bishops
+and noblemen, where they were kept from endangering the state of the common
+wealth, and of her sacred Maiestie, who of her most gracious clemencie gaue
+expresse commandement that they should be intreated with all humanity and
+friendship.
+
+[Sidenote: The preparation of the united prouinces.] The Prouinces of
+Holland and Zeland, &c. giuing credite vnto their intelligence out of
+Spain, made preparation to defend themselues: but because the Spanish ships
+were described vnto them to be so huge, they relied partly vpon the shallow
+and dangerous seas all along their costs. Wherfore they stood most in doubt
+of the duke of Parma his small and flat-bottomed ships. Howbeit they had
+all their ships of warre to the number of 90. and aboue, in a readinesse
+for all assayes: the greater part whereof were of a small burthen, as being
+more meete to saile vpon their riuers and shallow seas: and with these
+ships they besieged all the hauens in Flanders, beginning at the mouth of
+Scheld, or from the towne of Lillo, and holding on to Greueling and almost
+vnto Caleis, and fortified all their sea-townes with strong garrisons.
+
+Against the Spanish fleets arriual, they had provided 25. or 30. good
+ships, committing the gouernment of them vnto Admirall Lonck, whom they
+commanded to ioine himselfe vnto the lord Henry Seymer, lying betweene
+Douer and Cales. And when as the foresaid ships (whereof the greater part
+besieged the hauen of Dunkerke) were driuen by tempest into Zeland, Iustin,
+of Nassau the Admiral of Zeland supplied that squadron with 35. ships being
+of no great burthen, but excellently furnished with gunnes, mariners and
+souldiers in great abundance, and especially with 1200. braue Musquetiers,
+hauing bene accustomed vnto seafights, and being chosen out of all their
+companies for the same purpose: and so the said Iustin of Nassau kept such
+diligent ward in that Station that the duke of Parma could not issue foorth
+with his nauy into the sea but of any part of Flanders.
+
+[Sidenote: The Spanish fleete set saile vpon the 19. of May.] In the meaane
+while the Spanish Armada set saile out of the hauen of Lisbon vpon the 19.
+of May, An. Dom. 1588 vnder the conduct of the duke of Medina Sidonia,
+directing their course for the Baie of Corunna, alias the Groine in
+Gallicia, where they tooke in souldiers and warlike prouision, this port
+being in Spaine the neerest vnto England. As they were sailing along, there
+arose such a mightie tempest, that the whole Fleete was dispersed, so that
+when the duke was returned vnto his company, he could not escry aboue 80.
+ships in all, whereunto the residue by litle and litle ioyned themselues,
+except eight which had their mastes blowen ouer-boord. One of the foure
+gallies of Portingal escaped very hardly, retiring her selfe, into the
+hauen. The other three were vpon the coast of Baion in France, by the
+assistance and courage of one Dauid Gwin an English captiue (whom the
+French and Turkish slaues aided in the same enterprise) vtterly disabled
+and vanquished: one of the three being first ouercome, which conquered the
+two other, with the slaughter of their gouernours and souldiers, and among
+the rest of Don Diego de Mandrana with sundry others: and so these slaues
+arriuing in France with the three Gallies, set themselues at liberty.
+
+[Sidenote: They set saile from the Groine vpon the 11. of Iuly. The
+Spaniards come within kenning of England. Captain Fleming.] The nauy hauing
+refreshed themselues at the Groine, and receiuing daily commandement from
+the king to hasten their iourney, hoised vp sailes the 11. day of July, and
+so holding on their course, till the 19. of the same moneth, they came then
+vnto the mouth of the narow seas or English chanel. From whence (striking
+their sailes in the meane season) they dispatched certaine of their smal
+ships vnto the duke of Parma. At the same time the Spanish Fleete was
+escried by an English pinasse, captaine whereof was M. Thomas Fleming,
+after they had bene aduertised of the Spaniards expedition by their scoutes
+and espials, which hauing ranged along the coast of Spaine, were lately
+returned home into Plimmouth for a new supply of victuals and other
+necessaries, who considering the foresayd tempest, were of opinion that the
+nauy being of late dispersed and tossed vp and downe the maine Ocean, was
+by no means able to performe their intended voiage.
+
+Moreouer, the L. Charles Howard L. high admiral of England had receiued
+letters from the court, signifying vnto him that her Maiestie was
+aduertised that the Spanish Fleete would not come foorth, nor was to be any
+longer expected for, and therefore, that vpon her Maiesties commandement he
+must send backe foure of her tallest and strongest ships vnto Chatham.
+
+[Sidenote: The L. Admirals short warning upon the 19. of Iuly.] The lord
+high Admiral of England being thus on the sudden, namely vpon the 19. of
+July about foure of the clocke in the afternoone, enformed by the pinasse
+of captaine Fleming aforesaid, of the Spaniards approch, with all speed and
+diligence possible he warped his ships, and caused his mariners and
+souldiers (the greater part of whom was absent for the cause aforesayd) to
+come on boord, and that with great trouble and drfficultie, insomuch that
+the lord Admiral himselfe was faine to lie without in the road with sixe
+ships onely all that night, after the which many others came foorth of the
+hauen. [Sidenote: The 20. of Iuly.] The very next day being the 20. of Iuly
+about high noone, was the Spanish Fleete escried by the English, which with
+a Southwest wind came sailing along, and passed by Plimmouth: in which
+regard (according to the iudgement of many skilful nauigators) they greatly
+ouershot themselues, whereas it had bene more commodious for them to haue
+staied themselues there, considering that the Englishmen being as yet
+vnprouided, greatly relied vpon their owne forces, and knew not the estate
+of the Spanish nauy. Moreouer, this was the most conuenient port of all
+others, where they might with greater securitie haue bene aduertised of the
+English forces, and how the commons of the land stood affected, and might
+haue stirred vp some mutinie, so that hither they should haue bent all
+their puissance, and from hence the duke of Parma might more easily haue
+conueied his ships.
+
+But this they were prohibited to doe by the king and his counsell, and were
+expressely commanded to vnite themselues vnto the souldiers and ships of
+the said duke of Parma, and so to bring their purpose to effect. Which was
+thought to be the most easie and direct course, for that they imagined that
+the English and Dutch men would be vtterly daunted and dismaied thereat,
+and would each man of them retire vnto his owne Prouince and Porte for the
+defence thereof, and transporting the armie of the duke vnder the
+protection of their huge nauy, they might inuade England.
+
+It is reported that the chiefe commanders in the nauy, and those which were
+more skilfull in nauigation, to wit, Iohn Martines de Ricalde, Diego Flores
+de Valdez, and diuers others found fault that they were bound vnto so
+strict directions and instructions, because that in such a case many
+particular accidents ought to concurre and to be respected at one and the
+same instant, that is to say, the opportunitie of the wind, weather, time,
+tide, and ebbe, wherein they might saile from Flanders to England.
+Oftentimes also the darkenesse and light, the situation of places, the
+depths and shoulds were to be considered: all which especially depended
+vpon the conuenience of the windes, and were by so much the more dangerous.
+
+But it seemeth that they were enioined by their commission to ancre neere
+vnto, or about Caleis, whither the duke of Parma with his ships and all his
+warrelike prouision was to resort, and while the English and Spanish great
+ships were in the midst of their conflict, to passe by, and to land his
+souldiers vpon the Downes.
+
+The Spanish captiues reported that they were determined first to haue
+entred the riuer of Thames, and thereupon to haue passed with small ships
+vp to London, supposing that they might easily winne that rich and
+flourishing Citie being but meanely fortified and inhabited with Citizens
+not accustomed to the warres, who durst not withstand their first
+encounter, hoping moreouer to finde many rebels against her Maiestie and
+popish catholiques, or some fauourers of the Scottish queene (which was not
+long before most iustly beheaded) who might be instruments of sedition.
+
+Thus often aduertising the duke of Parrna of their approch, the 20. of Iuly
+they passed by Plimmouth, which the English ships pursuing and getting the
+wind of them, gaue them the chase and the encounter, and so both Fleets
+frankly exchanged their bullets.
+
+[Sidenote: The 21. of Iuly.] The day following which was the 21. of Iuly,
+the English ships approched within musquet shot of the Spanish: at what
+time the lorde Charles Howard most hotly and valiantly discharged his
+Ordinance vpon the Spanish Vice-admirall. The Spaniards then well
+perceiuing the nimblenesse of the English ships in discharging vpon the
+enimie on all sides, gathered themselues close into the forme of an halfe
+moone, and slackened their sailes, least they should outgoe any of their
+companie. And while they were proceeding on in this maner, one of their
+great Galliasses was so furiously battered with shot, that the whole nauy
+was faine to come vp rounder together for the safegard thereof: whereby it
+came to passe that the principall Galleon of Siuill (wherein Don Pedro de
+Valdez, Vasques de Silua, Alonzo de Sayas, and other noble men were
+embarqued) falling foule of another shippe, had her fore-mast broken, and
+by that meanes was not able to keepe way with the Spanish Fleete, neither
+would the sayde Fleete stay to succour it, but left the distressed Galeon
+behind. The lord Admirall of England when he saw this ship of Valdez, and
+thought she had bene voyd of Mariners and Souldiers, taking with him as
+many shippes as he could, passed by it, that he might not loose sight of
+the Spanish Fleet that night. For sir Francis Drake (who was
+notwithstanding appointed to beare out his lanterne that night) was giuing
+of chase vnto fiue great Hulkes which had separated themselues from the
+Spanish Fleete: but finding them to be Easterlings, he dismissed them. The
+lord Admirall all that night following the Spanish lanterne in stead of the
+English, found himselfe in the morning to be in the midst of his enimies
+Fleete, but when he perceiued it, he cleanly conueyed himselfe out of that
+great danger.
+
+[Sidenote: The 22. of Iuly.] The day folowing, which was the two and
+twentie of Iuly, Sir Francis Drake espied Valdez his shippe, whereunto hee
+sent foorth his pinasse, and being aduertised that Valdez himselfe was
+there, and 450. persons with him, he sent him word that he should yeeld
+himselfe. Valdez for his honors sake caused certaine conditions to be
+propounded vnto Drake: who answered Valdez that he was not now at laisure
+to make any long parle, but if he would yeeld himselfe, he should find him
+friendly and tractable: howbeit if he had resolued to die in fight, he
+should prooue Drake to be no dastard.
+
+[Sidenote: Don Pedro de Valdez with his ship and company taken.] Vpon which
+answere Valdez and his company vnderstanding that they were fallen into the
+hands of fortunate Drake, being mooued with the renoume and celebritie of
+his name, with one consent yeelded themselues, and found him very
+fauourable vnto them. Then Valdez with 40. or 50. noblemen and gentlemen
+pertaining vnto him, came on boord sir Francis Drakes ship. The residue of
+his ship were caried vnto Plimmouth, where they were detained a yere and an
+halfe for their ransome.
+
+Valdez comming vnto Drake and humbly kissing his hand protested vnto him,
+that he and they had resolued to die in battell, had they not by good
+fortune fallen into his power, whom they knew to be right curteous and
+gentle, and whom they had heard by generall report to bee most favourable
+vnto his vanquished foe: insomuch that he sayd it was to bee doubted
+whether his enimies had more cause to admire and loue him for his great,
+valiant, and prosperous exploites, or to dread him for his singular
+felicitie and wisedom, which euer attended vpon him in the warres, and by
+the which hee had attained vnto so great honour. With that Drake embraced
+him and gaue him very honourable entertainement, feeding him at his owne
+table, and lodging him in his cabbin.
+
+Here Valdez began to recount vnto Drake the forces of all the Spanish
+Fleet, and how foure mightie Gallies were separated by tempest from them,
+and also how they were determined first to haue put into Plimmouth hauen,
+not expecting to bee repelled thence by the English ships which they
+thought could by no meanes withstand their impregnable forces, perswading
+themselues that by means of their huge Fleete, they were become lords and
+commaunders of the maine Ocean. For which cause they marueled much how the
+English men in their small ships durst approch within musket shot of the
+Spaniards mightie wooden castles, gathering the wind of them with many
+other such like attempts.
+
+Immediately after, Valdez and his company, being a man of principal
+authoritie in the Spanish Fleete, and being descended of one and the same
+familie with that Valdez, which in the yeere 1574 besieged Leiden in
+Holland, were sent captiues into England. There were in the sayd ship 55.
+thousand duckates in ready money of the Spanish kings gold, which the
+souldiers merily shared among themselues.
+
+[Sidenote: A great Biscaine ship taken by the English.] The same day was
+set on fire one of their greatest shippes, being Admirall of the squadron
+of Guipusco, and being the shippe of Michael de Oquendo Vice-admirall of
+the whole Fleete, which contained great store of gunnepowder and other
+warrelike prouision. The vpper part onely of this shippe was burnt, and an
+the persons therein contained (except a very few) were consumed with fire.
+And thereupon it was taken by the English, and brought into England with a
+number of miserable burnt and skorched Spaniards. Howbeit the gunpowder (to
+the great admiration of all men) remained whole and vnconsumed.
+
+In the meane season the lord Admirall of England in his ship called the
+Arke-royall, all that night pursued the Spaniards so neere, that in the
+morning hee was almost left alone in the enimies Fleete, and it was foure
+of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English Fleet could
+ouertake him.
+
+At the same time Hugo de Moncada gouernour of the foure Galliasses, made
+humble sute vnto the Duke of Medina that he might be licenced to encounter
+the Admirall of England: which libertie the duke thought not good to permit
+vnto him, because hee was loth to exceed the limites of his commission and
+charge.
+
+[Sidenote: The 23. of Iuly.] Vpon Tuesday which was the three and twentie
+of Iuly, the nauie being come ouer against Portland, the wind began to
+turne Northerly, insomuch that the Spaniards had a fortunate and fit gale
+to inuade the English. But the Englishmen hauing lesser and nimbler Ships,
+recouered againe the vantage of the winde from the Spaniards, whereat the
+Spaniards seemed to bee more incensed to fight then before. But when the
+English Fleete had continually and without intermission from morning to
+night, beaten and battered them with all their shot both great and small:
+the Spaniardes vniting themselves, gathered their whole Fleete close
+together into a roundell, so that it was apparant that they ment not as yet
+to inuade others, but onely to defend themselues and to make hast vnto the
+place prescribed vnto them, which was neere vnto Dunkerk, that they might
+ioine forces with the Duke of Parma, who was determined to haue proceeded
+secretly with his small shippes vnder the shadow and protection of the
+great ones, and so had intended circumspectly to performe the whole
+expedition.
+
+This was the most furious and bloodie skirmish of all, in which the lord
+Admirall of England continued fighting amidst his enimies Fleete, and
+seeing one of his Captaines afarre off, hee spake vnto him in these wordes:
+Oh George what doest thou? Wilt thou nowe frustrate my hope and opinion
+conceiued of thee? Wilt thou forsake me nowe? With which wordes hee being
+enflamed, approched foorthwith, encountered the enemie, and did the part of
+a most valiant Captaine. His name was George Fenner, a man that had bene
+conuersant in many Sea-fights.
+
+[Sidenote: A great Venetian ship and other small ships taken by the
+English.] In this conflict there was a certaine great Venetian ship with
+other small ships surprised and taken by the English.
+
+The English nauie in the meane while increased, whereunto out of all Hauens
+of the Realme resorted ships and men: for they all with one accord came
+flocking thither as vnto a set field, where immortall fame and glory was to
+be attained, and faithfult seruice to bee performed vnto their prince and
+countrey.
+
+In which number there were many great and honourable personages, as namely,
+the Erles of Oxford, of Northumberland, of Cumberland, &c. with many
+Knights and Gentlemen: to wit, Sir Thomas Cecill, Sir Robert Cecill, Sir
+Walter Raleigh, Sir William Hatton, Sir Horatio Palauacini, Sir Henry
+Brooke, Sir Robert Carew, Sir Charles Blunt, Master Ambrose Willoughbie,
+Master Henry Nowell, Master Thomas Gerard, Master Henry Dudley, Master
+Edward Darcie, Master Arthur Gorge, Master Thomas Woodhouse, Master William
+Haruie, &c. And so it came to passe that the number of the English shippes
+amounted vnto an hundreth: which when they were come before Douer, were
+increased to an hundred and thirtie, being notwithstanding of no
+proportionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards, except two or
+three and twentie of the Queehes greater shippes, which onely, by reason of
+their presence, bred an opinion in the Spaniardes mindes concerning the
+power of the English Fleet: the mariners and souldiers whereof were
+esteemed to be twelue thousand.
+
+[Sidenote: The 24 of Iuly.] The foure and twentie of Iuly when as the sea
+was calme, and no winde stirring, the fight was onely betweene the foure
+great Galleasses and the English shippes, which being rowed with Oares, had
+great vauntage of the sayd English shippes, which notwithstanding for all
+that would not bee forced to yeeld, but discharged their chaine-shot to cut
+assunder the Cables and Cordage of the Galliasses, with many other such
+Stratagemes. They were nowe constrained to send their men on land for a
+newe supplie of Gunne-powder, whereof they were in great skarcitie, by
+reason they had so frankely spent the greater part in the former conflicts.
+
+The same day, a Counsell being assembled, it was decreed that the English
+Fleete should be diuided into foure squadrons: the principall whereof was
+committed vnto the lord Admirall: the second to Sir Francis Drake: the
+third, to Captaine Hawkins: the fourth, to Captaine Frobisher.
+
+The Spaniards in their sailing obserued very diligent and good order,
+sayling three and foure, and sometimes more ships in a ranke, and folowing
+close vp one after another, and the stronger and greater ships protecting
+the lesser.
+
+[Sidenote: The 25. of Iuly.] The fiue and twenty of Iuly when the
+Spaniardes were come ouer-gainst the Isle of Wight, the lord Admirall of
+England being accompanied with his best ships, (namely the Lion, Captaine
+whereof was the lord Thomas Howard: The Elizabeth Ionas vnder the
+commandement of Sir Robert Southwel sonne in lawe vnto the lord Admirall:
+the Beare vnder the lord Sheffield nephew vnto the lord Admirall: the
+Victorie vnder Captaine Barker: and the Galeon Leicester vnder the
+forenamed Captaine George Fenner) with great valour and dreadfull
+thundering of shot, encountered the Spanish Admirall being in the very
+midst of all his Fleet. Which when the Spaniard perceiued, being assisted
+with his strongest ships, he came foorth and entered a terrible combate
+with the English: for they bestowed each on other the broad sides, and
+mutually discharged all their Ordinance, being within one hundred, or an
+hundred and twentie yards one of another.
+
+At length the Spaniardes hoised vp their sayles, and againe gathered
+themselues vp close into the forme of a roundel. In the meane while
+Captaine Frobisher had engaged himselfe into a most dangerous conflict.
+Whereupon the lord Admirall comming to succour him, found that hee had
+valiantly and discreetly behaued himselfe, and that hee had wisely and in
+good time giuen ouer the fight, because that after so great a batterie he
+had sustained no damage.
+
+[Sidenote: The 26. of Iuly.] For which cause the day following, being the
+sixe and twentie of Iuly, the lord Admirall rewarded him with the order of
+knighthood, together with the lord Thomas Howard, the lord Sheffield, M.
+Iohn Hawkins and others.
+
+The same day the lord Admirall receiued intelligence from Newhauen in
+France, by certaine of his Pinasses, that all things were quiet in France,
+and that there was no preparation of sending aide vnto the Spaniards, which
+was greatly feared from the Guisian faction, and from the Leaguers: but
+there was a false rumour spread all about, that the Spaniards had conquered
+England.
+
+[Sidenote: The 27. of Iuly. The Spaniards ancre before Caleis.] The seven
+and twentie of Iuly, the Spaniards about the sunne-setting were come
+ouer-against Douer, and rode at ancre within the sight of Caleis, intending
+to hold on for Dunkerk, expecting there to ioyne with the Duke of Parma
+his, forces, without which they were able to doe litle or nothing.
+
+Likewise the English Fleete following vp hard vpon them, ancred just by
+them within culuering-shot. And here the lord Henry Seymer vnited himselfe
+vnto the lord Admiral with his fleete of 30. ships which road before the
+mouth of Thames.
+
+As the Spanish nauie therefore lay at ancre, the Duke of Medina sent
+certaine messengers vnto the duke of Parma, with whom vpon that occasion
+many Noblemen and Gentleman went to refresh themselues on land: and amongst
+the rest the prince of Ascoli, being accounted the kings base sonne, and a
+very proper and towardly yong gentleman, to his great good, went on shore,
+who was by so much the more fortunate, in that hee had not opportunitie to
+returne on boord the same ship, out of which he was departed, because that
+in returning home it was cast away vpon the Irish coast, with all the
+persons contained therein.
+
+The duke of Parma being aduertised of the Spanish Fleetes arriual vpon the
+coast of England, made all the haste hee could to bee present himselfe in
+this expedition for the performance of his charge: vainely perswading
+himselfe that nowe by the meanes of Cardinall Allen, hee should be crowned
+king of England, and for that cause hee had resigned the government of the
+Lowe countries vnto Count Mansfeld the elder. [Sidenote: The 28. of Iuly.]
+And having made his vowes vnto S. Mary of Hall in Henault (whom he went to
+visite for his blind deuotions sake) he returned toward Bruges the 28. of
+Iuly.
+
+[Sidenote: The 29. of Iuly.] The next day trauelling to Dunkerk hee heard
+the thundering Ordinance of either Fleet: and the same euening being come
+to Dixmud, hee was giuen to vnderstand the hard successe of the Spanish
+Fleete.
+
+[Sidenote: The 30. of Iuly.] Vpon Tuesday which was the thirtieth of Iuly,
+about high noone, hee came to Dunkerk, when as all the Spanish Fleete was
+now passed by: neither durst any of his ships in the meane space come
+foorth to assist the sayd Spanish Fleete for feare of fiue and thirtie
+warrelike ships of Holland and Zeland, which there kept watch and warde
+vnder the conduct of the Admirall Iustin of Nassau.
+
+The foresayd fiue and thirtie shippes were furnished with most cunning
+mariners and olde expert souldiers, amongst the which were twelue hundred
+Musketiers, whom the States had chosen out of all their garisons, and whom
+they knew to haue bene heretofore experienced in sea-fights.
+
+This nauie was giuen especially in charge not to suffer any shippe to come
+out of the Hauen, not to permit any Zabraes, Pataches, or other small
+vessels of the Spanish Fleete (which were more likely to aide the
+Dunkerkers) to enter thereinto, for the greater ships were not to be feared
+by reason of the shallow sea in that place. Howbeit the prince of Parma his
+forces being as yet vnreadie, were not come on boord his shippes, onely the
+English Fugitiues being seuen hundred in number vnder the conduct of Sir
+William Stanley, came in fit time to haue bene embarked, because they hoped
+to giue the first assault against England. The residue shewed themselues
+vnwilling and loath to depart, because they sawe but a few mariners, who
+were by constraint drawne into this expedition, and also because they had
+very bare prouision of bread, drinke, and other necessary victuals.
+
+Moreouer, the shippes of Holland and Zeland stood continually in their
+sight, threatening shot and powder, and many inconueniences vnto them: for
+feare of which shippes the Mariners and Sea-men secretly withdrew
+themselues both day and night, lest that the duke of Parma his souldiers
+should compell them, by maine force to goe on boord, and to breake through
+the Hollanders Fleete, which all of them iudged to bee impossible by reason
+of the straightnesse of the Hauen.
+
+[Sidenote: The Spaniards vaine opinion concerning their own fleet.] But it
+seemeth that the Duke of Parma and the Spaniards grounded vpon a vaine and
+presumptuous expectation, that all the ships of England and of the Low
+countreys would at the first sight of the Spanish and Dunkerk Nauie haue
+betaken themselues to flight, yeelding them sea roome, and endeuouring only
+to defend themselues, their hauens, and sea coasts from inuasion. Wherefore
+their intent and purpose was, that the Duke of Parma in his small and
+flat-bottomed shippes, should as it were vnder the shadow and wings of the
+Spanish fleet, conuey ouer all his troupes, armour, and warlike prouision,
+and with their forces so vnited, should inuade England; or while the
+English fleet were busied in fight against the Spanish, should enter vpon
+any part of the coast, which he thought to be most conuenient. Which
+inuasion (as the captiues afterward confessed) the Duke of Parma thought
+first to haue attempted by the riuer of Thames; vpon the bankes whereof
+hauing at his first arriuall landed twenty or thirty thousand of his
+principall souldiers, he supposed that he might easily haue woonne the
+Citie of London; both because his small shippes should haue followed and
+assisted his land-forces, and also for that the Citie it-selfe was but
+meanely fortified and easie to ouercome, by reason of the Citizens
+delicacie and discontinuance from the warres, who with continuall and
+constant labour might be vanquished, if they yeelded not at the first
+assault. They were in good hope also to haue mette with some rebels against
+her Maiestie, and such as were discontented with the present state, as
+Papists and others. Likewise they looked for ayde from the fauorers of the
+Scottish Queene, who was not long before put to death; all which they
+thought would haue stirred vp seditions and factions.
+
+Whenas therefore the Spanish fleet rode at anker before Caleis, to the end
+they might consult with the Duke of Parma what was best to be done
+according to the Kings commandement, and the present estate of their
+affairs, and had now (as we will afterward declare) purposed vpon the
+second of August being Friday, with one power and consent to haue put their
+intended businesse in practise; the L. Admirall of England being admonished
+by her Maiesties letters from the Court, thought it most expedient either
+to driue the Spanish fleet from that place, or at leastwise to giue them
+the encounter: [Sidenote: The 28 of Iuly.] and for that cause (according to
+her Maiesties prescription) he tooke forthwith eight of his woorst and
+basest ships which came next to hand, and disburthening them of all things
+which seemed to be of any value, filled them with gun-powder, pitch,
+brimstone, and with other combustible and firy matter; and charging all
+their ordinance with powder, bullets, and stones, he sent the sayd ships
+vpon the 28 of Iuly being Sunday, about two of the clocke after midnight,
+with the winde and tide against the Spanish fleet: which when they had
+proceeded a good space, being forsaken of the Pilots, and set on fire,
+were, directly carried vpon the King of Spaines Nauie: which fire in the
+dead of the night put the Spaniards into such a perplexity and horrour (for
+they feared lest they were like vnto those terrible ships, which Frederick
+Ienebelli three yeeres before, at the siege of Antwerpe, had furnished with
+gun-powder, stones, and dreadfull engines, for the dissolution of the Duke
+of Parma his bridge, built vpon the riuer of Scheld) that cutting their
+cables whereon their ankers were fastened, and hoising vp their sailes,
+they betooke themselues very confusedly vnto the maine sea.
+
+[Sidenote: The galliasse of Hugo de Moncado cast vpon the showlds before
+Caleis.] In this sudden confusion, the principall and greatest of the foure
+galliasses falling fowle of another ship, lost her rudder: for which cause
+when she conld not be guided any longer, she was by the force of the tide
+cast into a certaine showld vpon the shore of Caleis, where she was
+immediately assaulted by diuers English pinasses, hoyes, and drumblers.
+
+[Sidenote: M. Amias Preston valiantly boordeth the galliasse.] And as they
+lay battering of her with their ordinance, and durst not boord her, the L.
+Admirall sent thither his long boat with an hundreth choise souldiers vnder
+the command of Captaine Amias Preston. Vpon whose approch their fellowes
+being more emboldened, did offer to boord the galliasse: against whom the
+gouernour thereof and Captaine of all the foure galliasses, Hugo de
+Moncada, stoutly opposed himselfe, fighting by so much the more valiantly,
+in that he hoped presently to be succoured by the Duke of Parma. In the
+meane season, Moncada, after he had endured the conflict a good while,
+being hitte on the head with a bullet, fell downe starke dead, and a great
+number of Spaniards also were slaine in his company. The greater part of
+the residue leaping ouer-boord into the sea, to saue themselues by
+swimming, were most of them drowned. Howbeit there escaped among others Don
+Anthonio de Manriques, a principall officer in the Spanish fleet (called by
+them their Veador generall) together with a few Spaniards besides: which
+Anthonio was the first man that carried certaine newes of the successe of
+their fleet into Spaine.
+
+This huge and monstrous galliasse, wherein were contained three hundred
+slaues to lug at the oares, and foure hundred souldiers, was in the space
+of three houres rifled in the same place; and there were found amongst
+diuers other commodities 50000 ducats of the Spanish kings treasure. At
+length when the slaues were released out of the fetters, the English men
+would haue set the sayd ship on fire, which Monsieur Gourdon the gouernor
+of Caleis, for feare of the damage which might thereupon ensue to the Towne
+and Hauen, would not permit them to do, but draue them from thence with his
+great ordinance.
+
+[Sidenote: The great fight before Greueling the 29 of Iuly.] Vpon the 29 of
+Iuly in the morning, the Spanish Fleet after the foresayd tumult, hauing
+arranged themselues againe into order, were, within sight of Greueling,
+most brauely and furiously encountered by the English; where they once
+againe got the winde of the Spaniards: who suffered themselues to be
+depriued of the commodity of the place in Calais rode, and of the aduantage
+of the winde neere vnto Dunkerk, rather then they would change their array
+or separate their forces now conioyned and vnited together, standing onely
+vpon their defence.
+
+And albeit there were many excellent and warlike ships in the English
+fleet, yet scarse were there 22 or 23 among them all which matched 90 of
+the Spanish ships in bignesse, or could conueniently assault them.
+Wherefore the English shippes vsing their prerogatiue of nimble stirrage,
+whereby they could turne and wield themselues with the winde which way they
+listed, came often times very neere vpon the Spaniards, and charged them so
+sore, that now and then they were but a pikes length asunder: and so
+continually giuing them one broad side after another, they discharged all
+their shot both great and small vpon them, spending one whole day from
+morning till night in that violent kinde of conflict, vntill such time as
+powder and bullets failed them. In regard of which want they thought it
+conuenient not to pursue the Spaniards any longer, because they had many
+great vantages of the English, namely for the extraordinary bignesse of
+their ships, and also for that they were so neerely conioyned, and kept in
+so good array, that they could by no meanes be fought withall one to one.
+The English thought therefore, that they had right well acquited
+themselues, in chasing the Spaniards first from Caleis, and then from
+Dunkerk, and by that meanes to haue hindered them from ioyning with the
+Duke of Parma his forces, and getting the winde of them, to haue driuen
+them from their owne coasts.
+
+The Spaniards that day sustained great losse and damage hauing many of
+their shippes shot thorow and thorow, and they discharged likewise great
+store of ordinance against the English; who indeed sustained some
+hinderance, but not comparable to the Spaniards losse: for they lost not
+any one shippe or person of account. For very diligent inquisition being
+made, the English men all that time wherein the Spanish Nauie sayled vpon
+their seas, are not found to haue wanted aboue one hundreth of their
+people: albeit Sir Francis Drakes shippe was pierced with shot aboue forty
+times, and his very cabben was twise shot thorow, and about the conclusion
+of the fight, the bedde of a certaine gentleman lying weary thereupon, was
+taken quite from vnder him with the force of a bullet. Likewise, as the
+Earle of Northumberland and Sir Charles Blunt were at dinner vpon a time,
+the bullet of a demi-culuering brake thorow the middest of their cabbin,
+touched their feet, and strooke downe two of the standers by, with many
+such accidents befalling the English shippes, which it were tedious to
+rehearse. Whereupon it is most apparant, that God miraculously preserued
+the English nation. For the L. Admirall wrote vnto her Maiestie that in all
+humane reason, and according to the iudgement of all men (euery
+circumstance being duly considered) the English men were not of any such
+force, whereby they might, without a miracle, dare once to approch within
+sight of the Spanish Fleet: insomuch that they freely ascribed all the
+honour of their victory vnto God, who had confounded the enemy, and had
+brought his counsels to none effect.
+
+[Sidenote: Three Spanish shippes suncke in the fight.] The same day the
+Spanish ships were so battered with English shot, that that very night and
+the day following, two or three of them suncke right downe: and among the
+rest a certaine great ship of Biscay, which Captaine Crosse assaulted,
+which perished euen in the time of the conflict, so that very few therein
+escaped drowning; who reported that the gouernours of the same shippe slew
+one another vpon the occasion following: one of them which would haue
+yeelded the shippe was suddenly slaine; the brother of the slaine party in
+reuenge of his death slew the murtherer, and in the meane while the ship
+suncke.
+
+[Sidenote: Two galeons taken and caried into Zealand.] The same night two
+Portugall galeons of the burthen of seuen or eight hundreth tunnes a piece,
+to wit the Saint Philip and the Saint Matthew, were forsaken of the Spanish
+Fleet, for they were so torne with shotte that the water entered into them
+on all sides. In the galeon of Saint Philip was Francis de Toledo, brother
+vnto the Count de Orgas, being Colonell ouer two and thirty bands: besides
+other gentlemen; who seeing their mast broken with shotte, they shaped
+their course, as well as they could, for the coast of Flanders: whither
+when they could not attaine, the principall men in the ship committing
+themseluds to their skiffe, arriued at the next towne, which was Ostend;
+and the ship it selfe being left behinde with the residue of their company,
+was taken by the Vlishingers.
+
+In the other galeon, called the S. Matthew, was embarked Don Diego
+Pimentelli another camp-master and colonell of 32 bands, being brother vnto
+the marques of Tamnares, with many other gentlemen and captaines. Their
+ship was not very great, but exceeding strong, for of a great number of
+bullets which had batterd her, there were scarse 20 wherewith she was
+pierced or hurt: her vpper worke was of force sufficient to beare off a
+musket shot: this shippe was shot thorow and pierced in the fight before
+Greueling; insomuch that the leakage of the water could not be stopped:
+whereupon the duke of Medina sent his great skiffe vnto the gouernour
+thereof, that he might saue himselfe and the principal persons that were in
+his ship: which he, vpon a hault courage, refused to do: wherefore the Duke
+charged him to saile next vnto himselfe: which the night following he could
+not performe, by reason of the great abundance of water which entered his
+ship on all sides; for the auoiding wherof, and to saue his ship from
+sincking, he caused 50 men continually to labor at the pumpe, though it
+were to small purpose. And seeing himselfe thus forsaken and separated from
+his admirall, he endeuored what he could to attaine vnto the coast of
+Flanders: where, being espied by 4 or 5 men of warre, which had their
+station assigned them vpon the same coast, he was admonished to yeeld
+himselfe vnto them. Which he refusing to do, was strongly assaulted by them
+altogether, and his ship being pierced with many bullets, was brought into
+farre worse case then before, and 40 of his souldiers were slaine. By which
+extremity he was enforced at length to yeeld himselfe vnto Peter
+Banderduess and other captaines, which brought him and his ship into
+Zeland; and that other ship also last before mentioned: which both of them,
+immediatly after the greater and better part of their goods were vnladen,
+suncke right downe.
+
+For the memory of this exploit, the fbresayd captaine Banderduess caused
+the banner of one of these shippes to be set vp in the great Church of
+Leiden in Holland, which is of so great a length, that being fastened to
+the very roofe, it reached downe to the ground.
+
+[Sidenote: A small shippe cast away about Blankenberg.] About the same time
+another small ship being by necessity dtiuen vpon the coast of Flanders,
+about Blankenberg, was cast away vpon the sands, the people therein being
+saued. Thus almighty God would haue the Spaniards huge ships to be
+presented, not onely to the view of the English, but also of the Zelanders;
+that at the sight of them they might acknowledge of what small ability they
+had beene to resist such impregnable forces, had not God endued them with
+courage, prouidence, and fortitude, yea, and fought for them in many places
+with his owne arme.
+
+The 29. of Iuly the Spanish fleet being encountered by the English (as is
+aforesayd) and lying close together vnder their fighting sailes, with a
+Southwest winde sailed past Dunkerk, the English ships still following the
+chase. [Sidenote: The dishonourable flight of the Spanish nauy; and the
+prudent aduice of the L. Admirall.] Of whom the day following when the
+Spaniards had got sea roome, they cut their maine sailes; whereby they
+sufficiently declared that they meant no longer to fight but to flie. For
+which cause the L. Admirall of England dispatched the L. Henrie Seymer with
+his squadron of small ships vnto the coast of Flanders where, with the
+helpe of the Dutch ships, he might stop the prince of Parma his passage, if
+perhaps he should attempt to issue forth with his army. And he himselfe in
+the meane space pursued the Spanish fleet vntil the second of August,
+because he thought they had set saile for Scotland. And albeit he followed
+them very neere, yet did he not assault them any more, for want of powder
+and bullets. But vpon the fourth of August, the winde arising, when as the
+Spaniards had spread all their sailes, betaking themselues wholly to
+flight, and leauing Scotland on the left hand, trended toward Norway,
+(whereby they sufficiently declared that their whole intent was to saue
+themselnes by flight, attempting for that purpose, with their battered and
+crazed ships, the most dangerous nauigation of the Northren seas) the
+English seeing that they were now proceeded vnto the latitude of 57
+degrees, and being vnwilling to participate that danger whereinto the
+Spaniards plunged themselues, and because they wanted things necessary, and
+especially powder and shot, returned backe for England; leauing behinde
+them certaine pinasses onely, which they enioyned to follow the Spaniards
+aloofe, and to obserue their course. [Sidenote: The English returne home
+from the pursute of the Spaniards the 4 of August.] And so it came to passe
+that the fourth of August with great danger and industry, the English
+arriued at Harwich: for they had bene tossed vp and downe with a mighty
+tempest for the space of two or three dayes together, which it is likely
+did great hurt vnto the Spanish fleet, being (as I sayd before) so maimed
+and battered. The English now going on shore, prouided themselues
+foorthwith of victuals, gunnepowder, and other things expedient, that they
+might be ready at all assayes to entertaine the Spanish fleet, if it
+chanced any more to returne. But being afterward more certainely informed
+of the Spaniards course, they thought it best to leaue them vnto those
+boisterous and vncouth Northren seas, and not there to hunt after them.
+
+[Sidenote: The Spaniards consult to saile round about Scotland and Ireland,
+and so to returne home.] The Spaniards seeing now that they wanted foure or
+fiue thousand of their people and hauing diuers maimed and sicke persons,
+and likewise hauing lost 10 or 12 of their principall ships, they consulted
+among themselues, what they were best to doe, being now escaped out of the
+hands of the English, because their victuals failed them in like sort, that
+they began also to want cables, cordage, ankers, masts, sailes, and other
+naual furniture, and vtterly despaired of the Duke of Parma his assistance
+(who verily hoping and vndoubtedly expecting the returne of the Spanish
+Fleet, was continually occupied about his great preparation, commanding
+abundance of ankers to be made, and other necessary furniture for a Nauy to
+be prouided) they thought it good at length, so soone as the winde should
+serue them, to fetch a compasse about Scotland and Ireland, and so to
+returne for Spaine.
+
+For they well vnderstood, that commandement was giuen thorowout all
+Scotland, that they should not haue any succour or assistance there.
+Neither yet could they in Norway supply their wants. Wherefore, hauing
+taken certaine Scotish and other fisherboats, they brought the men on boord
+their ships, to the end they might be their guides and Pilots. Fearing also
+least their fresh water should faile them, they cast all their horses and
+mules ouerboord: and so touching no where vpon the coast of Scotland, but
+being carried with a fresh gale betweene the Orcades and Faar-Isles, they
+proceeded farre North, euen vnto 61 degrees of latitude, being distant from
+any land at the least 40. leagues. Heere the Duke of Medina generall of the
+Fleet commanded all his followers to shape their course for Biscay: and he
+himselfe with twenty or fiue and twenty of his ships which were best
+prouided of fresh water and other necessaries, holding on his course ouer
+the maine Ocean, returned safely home. The residue of his ships being about
+forty in number, and committed vnto his Vice-admirall, fell neerer with the
+coast of Ireland, intending their course for Cape Clare, because they hoped
+there to get fresh water, and to refresh themseiues on land. [Sidenote: The
+shippe-wracke of the Spaniardes vpon the Irish coast.] But after they were
+driuen with many contrary windes, at length, vpon the second of September,
+they were cast by a tempest arising from the Southwest vpon diuers parts of
+Ireland, where many of their ships perished. And amongst others, the shippe
+of Michael de Oquendo, which was one of the great Galliasses: and two great
+ships of Venice also, namely, la Raita and Belahzara, with other 36 or 38
+ships more, which perished in sundry tempests, together with most of the
+persons contained in them.
+
+Likewise some of the Spanish ships were the second time carried with a
+strong West winde into the channell of England, whereof some were taken by
+the English vpon their coast, and others by the men of Rochel vpon the
+coast of France.
+
+Moreouer, there arriued at Neuhauen, in Normandy, being by tempest inforced
+so to doe, one of the foure great Galliasses, where they found the ships
+with the Spanish women which followed the Fleet at their setting forth.
+[Sidenote: Of 134 ships of the Spanish fleet, there returned home but 53.]
+Two ships also, were cast away vpon the coast of Norway, one of them being
+of a great burthen; howbeit all the persons in the sayd great ship were
+saued: insomuch that of 134 ships, which set saile out of Portugall, there
+returned home 53 onely small and great: namely of the foure galliasses but
+one, and but one of the foure gallies. Of the 91 great galleons and hulks
+there were missing 58. and 33 returned: of the pataches and zabraes 17 were
+missing, and 18 returned home. In briefe, there were missing 81 ships, in
+which number were galliasses, gallies, galeons, and other vessels, both
+great and small. And amongst the 53 ships remaining, those also are
+reckoned which returned home before they came into the English chanell. Two
+galeons of those which were returned, were by misfortune burnt as they rode
+in the hauen; and such like mishaps did many others vndergo. Of 30000
+persons which went in this expedition, there perished (according to the
+number and proportion of the ships) the greater and better part; and many
+of them which came home, by reason of the toiles and inconueniences which
+they sustained in this voyage, died not long after their arriuall. The Duke
+of Medina immediatly vpon his returne was deposed from his authority,
+commanded to his priuate house, and forbidden to repaire vnto the Court;
+where he could hardly satisfie or yeeld a reason vnto his malicious enemies
+and backbiters. Many honourable personages and men of great renowne
+deceased soone after their returne; as namely Iohn Martines de Ricalde,
+with diuers others. A great part also of the Spanish Nobility and Gentry
+employed in this expedition perished either by fight, diseases, or drowning
+before their arriuall; and among the rest Thomas Perenot of Granduell a
+Dutchman, being earle of Cantebroi, and sonne vnto Cardinall Granduell his
+brother.
+
+Vpon the coast of Zeland Don Diego de Pimentell, brother vnto the Marques
+de Tamnares, and kinseman vnto the earle of Beneuentum and Calua, and
+Colonell ouer 32 bands with many other in the same ship was taken and
+detained as prisoner in Zeland.
+
+Into England (as we sayd before) Don Pedro de Valdez, a man of singular
+experience, and greatly honoured in his countrey, was led captiue, being
+accompanied with Don Vasquez de Silua, Don Alonzo de Sayas, and others.
+
+Likewise vpon the Scottish Westerne Isles of Lewis, and Ila, and about Cape
+Cantyre vpon the maine land, there were cast away certaine Spanish shippes,
+out of which were saued diuers Captaines and Gentlemen, and almost foure
+hundred souldiers, who for the most part, after their shipwracke, were
+brought vnto Edenborough in Scotland, and being miserably needy and naked,
+were there clothed at the liberality of the King and the Marchants, and
+afterward were secretly shipped for Spaine; but the Scottish fleet wherein
+they passed touching at Yarmouth on the coast of Norfolke, were there
+stayed for a time vntill the Councels pleasure was knowen; who in regard of
+their manifolde miseries, though they were enemies, wincked at their
+passage.
+
+Vpon the Irish coast many of their Noblemen and Gentlemen were drowned; and
+diuers slaine by the barbarous and wilde Irish. Howbeit there was brought
+prisoner out of Ireland, Don Alonzo de Luçon, Colonell of two and thirty
+bandes, commonly called a terza of Naples; together with Rodorigo de Lasso,
+and two others of the family of Cordoua, who were committed vnto the
+custodie of Sir Horatio Palauicini, that Monsieur de Teligny the sonne of
+Monsieur de Noüe (who being taken in fight neere Antwerpe, was detained
+prisoner in the Castle of Turney) might be ransomed for them by way of
+exchange. To conclude, there was no famous nor woorthy family in all
+Spaine, which in this expedition lost not a sonne, a brother, or a
+kinseman.
+
+[Sidenote: New coines stamped for the memory of the Spaniards ouerthrow.]
+For the perpetuall memorie of this matter, the Zelanders caused newe coine
+of Siluer and brasse to be stamped: which on the one side contained the
+armes of Zeland, with this inscription: GLORY TO GOD ONELY: and on the
+other side, the pictures of certeine great ships, with these words: THE
+SPANISH FLEET: and in the circumference about the ships: IT CAME, WENT, AND
+WAS. Anno 1588. That is to say, the Spanish fleet came, went, and was
+vanquished this yere; for which, glory be giuen to God onely.
+
+Likewise they coined another kinde of money; vpon the one side whereof was
+represented a ship fleeing and a ship sincking: on the other side foure men
+making prayers and giuing thanks vnto God vpon their knees; with this
+sentence: Man purposeth; God disposeth. 1588. Also, for the lasting memory
+of the same matter, they haue stamped in Holland diuers such like coines,
+according to the custome of the ancient Romans.
+
+[Sidenote: The people of England and of the vnited prouinces, pray, fast,
+and giue thanks vnto God.] While this woonderfull and puissant Nauie was
+sayling along the English coastes, and all men did now plainely see and
+heare that which before they would not be perswaded of, all people
+thorowout England prostrated themselues with humble prayers and
+supplications vnto God: but especially the outlandish Churches (who had
+greatest cause to feare, and against whom by name, the Spaniards had
+threatened most grievous torments) enioyned to their people continuall
+fastings and supplications, that they might turne away Gods wrath and fury
+now imminent vpon them for their sinnes: knowing right well, that prayer
+was the onely refuge against all enemies, calamities, and necessities, and
+that it was the onely solace and reliefe for mankinde, being visited with
+affliction and misery. Likewise such solemne dayes of supplication were
+obserued thorowout the vnited Prouinces.
+
+Also a while after the Spanish Fleet was departed, there was in England, by
+the commandement of her Maiestie, and in the vnited Prouinces, by the
+direction of the States, a solemne festiuall day publikely appointed,
+wherein all persons were enioyned to resort vnto the Church, and there to
+render thanks and praises vnto God: and the Preachers were commanded to
+exhort the people thereunto. The foresayd solemnity was obserued vpon the
+29 of Nouember; which day was wholly spent in fasting, prayer, and giuing
+of thanks.
+
+Likewise, the Queenes Maiestie herselfe, imitating the ancient Romans, rode
+into London in triumph, in regard of her owne and her subjects glorious
+deliuerance. For being attended vpon very solemnely by all the principall
+estates and officers of her Realme, she was carried thorow her sayd City of
+London in a tryumphant chariot, and in robes of triumph, from her Palace
+vnto the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paul, out of the which the ensignes and
+colours of the vanquished Spaniards hung displayed. And all the Citizens of
+London in their Liueries stood on either side the street, by their seuerall
+Companies, with their ensignes and banners: and the streets were hanged on
+both sides with Blew cloth, which, together with the foresayd banners,
+yeelded a very stately and gallant prospect. Her Maiestie being entered
+into the Church, together with her Clergie and Nobles gaue thanks vnto God,
+and caused a publike Sermon to be preached before her at Pauls crosse;
+wherein none other argument was handled, but that praise, honour, and glory
+might be rendered vnto God, and that Gods name might be extolled by
+thanksgiuing. And with her owne princely voice she most Christianly
+exhorted the people to doe the same: whereupon the people with a loud
+acclamation wished her a most long and happy life, to the confusion of her
+foes.
+
+Thus the magnificent, huge, and mighty fleet of the Spaniards (which
+themselues termed in all places inuincible) such as sayled not vpon the
+Ocean see many hundreth yeeres before, in the yeere 1588 vanished into
+smoake; to the great confusion and discouragement of the authors thereof.
+In regard of which her Maiesties happy successe all her neighbours and
+friends congratulated with her, and many verses were penned to the honour
+of her Maiesty by learned men, whereof some which came to our hands we will
+here annexe.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AD SERENISSIMAM ELIZABETHAM ANGLIÆ REGINAM.
+
+THEODOR. BEZA.
+
+Strauerat innumeris Hispanus nauibus æquor,
+  Regnis iuncturus sceptra Britanna suis.
+Tanti huius, rogitas, quæ motus causa? superbos
+  Impulit Ambitio, vexit Auaritia.
+Quàm bene te ambitio mersit vanissima ventus?
+  Et tumidos tumidæ vos superastis aquæ
+Quàm bene totius raptores orbis auaros,
+  Hausit inexhausti iusta vorago maris!
+At tu, cui venti, cui totum militat æquor,
+  Regina, ô mundi totius vna, decus,
+Sic regnare Deo perge, ambitione remota,
+  Prodiga sic opibus perge iuuare pios,
+Vt te Angli longum, longum Anglis ipsa fruaris,
+  Quàm dilecta bonis, tam metuenda malis.
+
+
+The same in English.
+
+The Spanish Fleet did flote in narrow Seas,
+And bend her ships against the English shore,
+With so great rage as nothing could appease,
+And with such strength as neuer seene before:
+  And all to ioyne the kingdome of that land
+  Vnto the kingdomes that he had in hand.
+
+Now if you aske what set this king on fire,
+To practise warre when he of peace did treat,
+It was his Pride, and neuer quencht desire,
+To spoile that Islands wealth, by peace made great:
+  His Pride which farre aboue the heauens did swell
+  And his desire as vnsuffic'd as hell.
+
+But well haue windes his proud blasts ouerblowen,
+And swelling waues alayd his swelling heart,
+Well hath the Sea with greedie gulfs vnknowen,
+Deuoured the deuourer to his smart:
+  And made his ships a pray vnto the sand,
+  That meant to pray vpon anothers land.
+
+And now, O Queene, aboue all others blest,
+For whom both windes and waues are prest to fight,
+So rule your owne, so succour friends opprest,
+(As farre from pride, so ready to do right)
+  That England you, you England long enioy,
+  No lesse your friends delight, then foes annoy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A briefe and true report of the Honorable voyage vnto Cadiz, 1596. of the
+  ouerthrow of the kings Fleet, and of the winning, sacking, and burning of
+  the Citie, with all other accidents of moment, thereunto appertaining.
+
+After that the two most Noble and Renowmed Lords Generals: The L. Robert
+Earle of Essex, and the L. Charles Howard L. High Admirall of England, were
+come vnto Plymmouth (which was about the beginning of May last, 1596.)
+being there accompanied with diuers other Noble Peeres, as the Earle of
+Sussex, the L. Thomas Howard, the L. Harbert, the L. Warden Sir Walter
+Raleigh: the L. Marshall Sir Francis Vere: the L. Burk, Don Christopher
+young Prince of Portingall, young Count Lodouick of Nassaw, and the
+Admirall of the Hollanders, Sir Iohn Vanderfoord: besides many other most
+worthy Knights and Gentlemen of great woorth attending vpon this most
+honorable Action: It pleased them, there to make their abode for the time
+of that moneth, aswell for the new furnishing and reuictualing of her
+Maiesties Royall Nauie: as also for the expecting of some other ships,
+which were to come from diuers places of the Realme, and were as yet
+wanting: making that place as it should seeme the Rendezuous for all the
+whole Fleete, there to complete the full number of al such companies both
+for sea and land: as was in their noble and deepe wisedomes thought meete
+and agreed vpon.
+
+All the time of this their abode there, there was a most zealous and
+diligent care had for the holy seruice of God dayly and reuerently to be
+frequented: and also for other good and ciuill orders of militarie
+discipline to be obserued, to the exceeding great comfort and reioycing of
+all the hearts of the godly and well disposed.
+
+And for that it might the better appeare, that there was small hope of
+pardon to be expected of the offenders, if they did at any time neglect
+their duties, about due obseruation of matters of importance: Their orders,
+lawes, and decrees being once published: about the 8. or 9. of the same
+moneth, there were two offenders executed a little without the towne, in a
+very fayre pleasant greene, called the Ho: the one for beginning of a
+muteny in his company, the other for running away from his Colours.
+
+And about the same time in the Dutch Regiment, an other for murthering of
+one of his companions, about a quarrell betweene themselues, rising as it
+was supposed, vpon their drinke, was by order of Martiall law, presently
+tyed to the partie so murthered, and foorthwith both of them so cast into
+the sea.
+
+Moreouer, about the 28. of the same moneth, a certaine Lieutenant (whose
+name I will forbeare) was by sound of Drumme publikely in all the streetes
+disgraced, or rather after a sort disgraded, and cashierd for bearing any
+farther Office at that time, for the taking of money by way of corruption,
+of certaine prest souldiers in the Countrey, and for placing of others in
+their roomes, more vnfit for seruice, and of lesse sufficiency and
+abilitie. This seuere executing of iustice at the very first did breed such
+a deepe terror in the hearts of the whole armie, that it seemed to cut off
+all occasion of the like disorder for euer afterwards to be attempted.
+
+And here before their departure from Plymmouth, it pleased their Lordships
+to publish in print, and make knowen to all the world, especially to such
+as whom it concerned, and that both in the Latine, French, Dutch, English
+and Spanish tongue, what were the true, iust and vrgent causes, that at
+this time prouoked her Maiestie, to vndertake the preparing and setting
+forth of this so great a Nauie, annexing thereunto a full declaration, what
+was good will and pleasure should be done and performed of all them that
+ment not to incurre their owne priuate present daungers, or else were
+willing to auoyde her Maiesties future indignation and displeasure.
+
+Likewise now, at the same instant, their owne most prouident and godly
+decrees, which they had deuised for the honest cariage of euery particular
+person in their degrees and vocation, were made knowen to all men, and
+published in sundry writings, with diuers great punishments, set downe and
+appointed for the wilfull offenders and brekers of the same.
+
+Thus then, all things being in very good order and well appointed, the most
+holy name of our Omnipotent God being most religiously and deuoutly called
+vpon, and his blessed and sacred Communion being diuers times most
+reuerently and publikely celebrated: These two most noble personages, with
+all their honorable Associats, and most famous worthy Knights, Gentlemen,
+Captaines, Leaders, and very willing and expert Souldiers, and Mariners,
+being furnished with 150. good sayle of shippe or thereabout: In the name
+of the most High and euerliuing God, and with all true and faithful
+obedience, to her sacred Maiesty, to the infinite good and tranquillitie of
+our Countrey, and to the perpetuall glory, and triumphant renowne of the
+eternall memory of their honorable names to all posterity, the first day of
+Iune embarked themselues, weighed Ancre, and hoysed vp sayle, and put to
+sea onward their iourney from the Sownds of Plymmouth.
+
+The winde, at the first setting foorth, seemed very fauourable: but yet in
+the euening growing very scant, and all that night falling more and more
+against vs, and we hailing sayled no further then to a certaine place
+called Dodman Head: we were constrained the next day, to make our returne
+to the road of Plymmonth againe, and there in the Sownds to lie at ancre
+for that night.
+
+About this time, and in this very place, by good fortune there came to my
+handes a prayer in English, touching this present Action, and made by her
+Maiestie, as it was voyced: The prayer seemed to me to be most excellent,
+aswell for the matter as also for the manner, and therefore for certaine
+diuers good motiues which then presently came to my minde, and whereof
+hereafter in his more conuenient time and place, I will make farther
+mention, I presumed at that very instant to translate it into Latine.
+
+The Prayer is thus.
+
+Most Omnipotent maker and guide of all our worlds masse, that onely
+searchest and fadomest the bottome of all our hearts conceits, and in them
+seest the true originals of all our actions intended: thou that by thy
+foresight doest truely discerne how no malice of Reuenge, nor quittance of
+iniury, nor desire of bloodshed, nor greedinesse of lucre hath bred the
+resolution of our now set out Army, but a heedfull care, and wary watch,
+that no neglect of foes, nor ouer-suretie of harme might breed either
+daunger to vs, or glory to them: these being the grounds wherewith thou
+doest enspire the mind, we humbly beseech thee with bended knees, prosper
+the worke, and with best forewindes guide the iourney, speed the victory,
+and make the returne the aduancement of thy glory, the tryumph of their
+fame, and surety to the Realme, with the least losse of the English blood.
+To these deuout petitions Lord giue thou thy blessed grant.
+
+My homely translation, is thus.
+
+Svmmè præpotens Deus, immensæ huius totius nostri mundi molis fabricator et
+Rector, qui solus perscrutaris intimos cordis nostri sensus, et ad fundum
+vsque nostrarum cogitationem explorando penetras, ac in eis, quid verè, et
+ex ammo cogitemus, et quæ sint actionum nostrarum rationes, ac fundamenta,
+cognoscis: Tu, qui ea, quæ in te est, ab omni æternitate præscientia,
+vides, quòd nec aliqua viciscendi malitiosa cupiditas, nec iniuriarum
+referendarum desiderium, nec sanguinis effundendi sitis, nec alicuius
+lucri, quæstusue auiditas ad istam classem præparandam, et emittendam nos
+commouerit: sed potiùs, quòd prouida quædam cura, solérsque vigilantia huc
+nos impulerit: ne vel inimicorum nostrorum neglectus, vel status nostri
+firmitaris nimium secura cogitatio, aut illis gloriam et honorem, aut nobis
+damnum et periculum pariat: Cum, inquam, hæc sint nostri, quicquid
+attentatur, negotii fundamenta: cumque tu hunc nobis animum, mentémque
+inieceris, vt istud aggrederemur: curuatis genibus a te humillimè petimus,
+vt velis hoc nostrum incoeptum secundissimè fortunare, totum iter
+prosperrimis flatibus dirigere, celerem et expeditiam victoriam nobis
+concedere, reditúmque talem nostris militibus elargiri, qualis et nomini
+tuo incrementum gloriæ, et illis famæ, laudisque triumphum, et Regno nostro
+firmam tranquillitatem possit apportare: idque cum minimo Anglorum
+sanguinis dispendio. His nostris religiosis petitionibus concede, Domine,
+sacrosanctum et annuentem voluntatem tuam.
+
+After that we had anchored at Plymmouth that night, as I haue said, the
+third of Iune very early in the morning, hauing a reasonable fresh gale of
+winde, we set sayle, and kept our course againe, and the ninth of the same
+moneth comming something neere to the North cape, in a maner in the same
+altitude, or not much differing, which was about xliii. degrees, and
+something more, yet bearing so, as it was impossible to bee descried from
+the land: There it pleased the Lords to call a select Councell, which was
+alwayes done by hanging out of a flagge of the armes of England, and
+shooting off of a great warning peece. On this select or priuie Councell
+were no moe than these: The two Lords Generall, the Lord Thomas Howard, the
+Lorde Warden Sir Walter Raleigh, the Lord Martiall Sir Francis Vere, Sir
+George Cary master of the Ordinance, Sir Coniers Clifford, and Sir Anthony
+Ashley, Clarke of the sayde Councell. And when it pleased the Lords
+Generall to call a common Counsell (as often times they did vpon weightie
+matters best knowen to their honours) then they would cause an other kinde
+of flagge to be hanged put, which was the Redcrosse of S. George, and was
+verie easie to be discerned from the other that appertained onely to the
+select Counsell, and so often as this flagge of Saint George was hanged
+out, then came all the Masters and Captaines of all the ships, whose
+opinions were to be demaunded, in such matters as appertayned vnto this
+sayd select Counsell: It was presently concluded, that our course in
+sayling should foorthwith be altered, and that we should beare more into
+the West, for some purposes to them best knowen.
+
+At that very instant many letters of instructions were addressed and sent
+to euery particular Master and Captaine of the Ships: What the contentes of
+those letters of instructions were it was not as yet knowne vnto any,
+neither was it held meet to be enquired or knowen of any of vs. But vnder
+the titles and superscriptions of euery mans particuler letter these wordes
+were endorsed. Open not these letters on pain of your liues, vnles we
+chance to be scattered by tempest, and in that case open them, and execute
+the contents thereof: but if by mishap you fall into your enemies hand,
+then in any case cast them into the sea, sealed as they are. It should
+seeme that these letters did conteine in them the principall place and
+meaning of this entended action, which was hitherto by their deepe
+foresights kept so secret, as no man to my knowledge either did, or coulde
+so much as suspect it, more then themselues, who had the onely managing
+thereof. A conceite in my iudgement of greatest moment in the world, to
+effect any matter of importance. I meane, to entertaine those two vertues,
+Fidem, et Taciturnitatem: so much commended by the old writers. And if
+there was euer any great designement, in this our age, and memorie,
+discreetly, faithfully, and closely caried, I assure my selfe it was this,
+and though it were but in respect to that poynt onely: yet for such
+faithfull secrecie, it deserueth immortall praise.
+
+All this while, our ships, God be thanked, kept in a most excellent good
+order, being diuided into fiue squadrons: that is to say, The Earle of
+Essex, the Lord Admirall, the Lord Thomas Howard, the Lord Warden Sir
+Walter Raleigh, and the Admirall of the Hollanders. All which squadrons,
+albeit they did euery day separate themselues of purpose, by the distance
+of certaine leagues, as well to looke out for such shippes as were happily
+vnder sayle, as also for the better procuring of sea-roome: yet alwayes
+commonly eyther that day, or the next day, towarde euening, they came all
+together, with friendly salutations and gratulations one to an other: which
+they terme by the name of Hayling: a ceremonie done solemnly, and in very
+good order, with sound of Trumpets and noyse of cheerefull voyces: and in
+such sort performed as was no small encouragement one to the other, beside
+a true report of all such accidents, as had happened in their squadrons.
+
+Hitherto, as I sayde, our iourney was most prosperous, and all our shippes
+in very good plight, more then that the Mary Rose, by some mischance,
+either sprang or spent her fore-yarde, and two dayes after Sir Robert
+Crosse had in a maner the like mischance.
+
+Nowe being thus betweene the North cape, and cape S. Vincent, and yet
+keeping, such a course a loofe, that by no meanes, those from the shoare
+might be able to descrie vs: The tenth of Iune, a French Barke, and a
+Fleming comming from the coast of Barbarie were brought in by some of our
+companie: but they were both of them very honourably and well vsed by the
+Lords Generall: and so after a fewe dayes tarrying, were peaceably sent
+away, after that they had conferred with them about such matters, as was
+thought good in their honorable wisedomes.
+
+The twelfth of the same moneth, Sir Richard Leuison Knight, assisted with
+Sir Christopher Blunt, fought with three Hamburgers, and in that fight
+slewe two of them, and hurt eleuen, and in the end brought them all three
+in: and this was the very first hansell and maydenhead (as it were) of any
+matter of importance, or exployt worthy obseruation that was done in the
+way outward of this honorable voyage, and was so well perfourmed of those
+most worthy Gentlemen, as euery man highly commended them for their great
+valure, and discretion, and no lesse reioyced at this their fortunate
+succcsse.
+
+The next day after, Sir Richard Weston meeting with a Flemming, who refused
+to vale his foretoppe, with the like good courage and resolution, attempted
+to bring him in. The fight continued very hot betweene them, for a good
+space: in the end the Swan, wherein the sayd Sir Richard was, had her
+forebeake strooken off: and having spent before in fight the one side of
+her tire of Ordinance, while she prepared to cast about, and to bestow on
+him the other side, in the meane time the Fleming taking this opportunity,
+did get almost halfe a league from him: and so for that time made his
+escape. And yet the next day after, the sayd Flemming being in a maner got
+to the very mouth of the Riuer vp to Lisbone, was taken, and brought in by
+M. Dorrell, being Captaine of the Iohn and Francis of London. Thus by
+diuiding their squadrons, and spreading the whole sea ouer a mighty way,
+there could not so much as the least pinke passe but she was espied and
+brought in.
+
+The 13. 14. and 15. dayes, certaine littte stragling Carauels were taken by
+certaine of the Fleete, and in one of them a young beggarly Fryer vtterly
+vnlearned, with a great packet of letters for Lisbon: the poore wretches
+were maruellously well vsed by the Lords Generall, and that Carauel, and
+the like still as they were taken were commaunded to giue their attendance,
+and their Honours did vnderstand what they might of these poore men, of the
+estate of Spaine for that present.
+
+About this time and in this place it was, that first in all my life time I
+did see the flying fishes, who when they are hardly pinched and chased by
+the Bonitoes and other great fishes, then to auoyde the daunger, they
+presently mount vp, and forsake the water, and betake themselues to the
+benefite of their winges and make their flight, which commonly is not aboue
+fiue or sixe score, or there about, and then they are constrayned to fall
+downe into the water againe, and it is the Mariners opinion that they can
+fly no longer then their wings be wet. The fish it selfe is about the
+bignesse of a Mackrell or a great white Hearing, and much of that colour
+and making, with two large wings shaped of nature very cunningly, and with
+great delight to behold, in all the world much like to our Gentlewomens
+dutch Fans, that, are made either of paper, parchment, or silke, or other
+stuffe, which will with certaine pleights easily runne and fold themselues
+together. One of these flying fishes was presented to my L. Admirall by a
+fisher man, and newly taken in his L. returne from Cadiz, and then I [had]
+good leisure and opportunitie to view it. ['had' missing in source
+text--KTH]
+
+The 18. day early in the morning wee tooke an Irish man, and he came
+directly from Cadiz, hauing beene there but the day before at twelue of the
+clocke at high noone. This man being examined, told truely that there was
+now great store of shipping at Cadiz, and with them xviii. or xix. gallies
+in a readinesse, and that among those ships there were diuers of the kings
+best: and namely, that the Philip of Spaine was amongst them, but what
+their intent was, hee could not tell. This man was commanded also to giue
+his attendance.
+
+The 20. of Iune being Sunday, we came before Cadiz very early in the
+morning, and in all this time as yet, the whole Nauy had not lost either by
+sicknesse or by any other maner of wayes sixe men to my knowledge: as for
+the Dutch company, I am not able precisely to say what happened there, for
+that they were no part of our charge to be looked vnto, but were a regiment
+entire of themselues, and by themselues to be prouided for, either for
+their diet, or for the preservation of their healths by phisicke.
+
+Thus then I say, being all in good plight and strong, the 20. of Iune wee
+came to Cadiz, and there very earely in the morning presented our selues
+before the Towne, ryding about a league or something lesse, from it. The
+sea at that instant went maruelous high, and the winde was exceeding large.
+Notwithstanding, a Councell being called, our Lords Generall foorthwith
+attempted with all expedition to land some certaine companies of their men
+at the West side of the Towne, by certaine long boats, light horsemen,
+pynnesses, and barges made for the purpose, but could not compasse it, and
+in the attempting thereof; they chanced to sinke one of their Barges, with
+some foure score good souldiers well appointed in her, and yet by good hap
+and great care the men were all saued excepting viii. And therefore they
+were constrayned to put off their landing till an other more convenient
+time.
+
+That morning very timely, there, lighted a very faire doue vpon the maine
+yard of the L. Admirals ship, and there she sate very quietly for the space
+of 3. or 4. houres, being nothing dismayed all that while, euery man gazed
+and looked much vpon her, and spake their minds and opinions, yet all
+concluding by no meanes to disquiet her: I for my part, tooke it for a very
+good omen and boading, as in trueth (God be thanked) there fell out nothing
+in the end to the contrary. And as at our very first comming to Cadiz this
+chanced, so likewise on the very last day of our departing from the same
+towne, another Doue presented her selfe in the selfe same order into the
+same ship, and presently grew wonderfull tame and familiar to vs all, and
+did so still keepe vs company, euen till our arriuall here in England.
+
+We no sooner presented our selues, but presently a goodly sort of tall
+Spanish ships came out of the mouth of the Bay of Cadiz, the Gallies
+accompanying them in such good order, and so placed as all of them might
+well succour each other, and therewithall kept themselues very close to
+their towne, the castle, and the forts, for their better guard and defence,
+abiding there still, and expecting our farther determination. All that day
+passed, being very rough and boysterous, and litle or nothing could be
+done, more then that about the euening there passed some friendly and kinde
+salutations sent one from the other in warlike maner, by discharging
+certain great peeces, but to my knowledge no hurt done at all, or else very
+litle.
+
+A carefull and diligent watch was had all that night thoroughout the whole
+armie, and on monday morning being the 21. day, the winde and weather being
+become moderate and fauourable, betweene fiue and sixe of the clocke in the
+morning, our ships in the name of almightie God, and in defence of the
+honour of England, without any farther delay, with all speed, courage, and
+alacritie, did set vpon the Spanish ships, being then vnder sayle, and
+making out of the mouth of the Bay of Cadiz, vp toward Puente de Suaço on
+Grenada side, being in number lix. tall ships, with xix. or xx. Gallies
+attending vpon them, sorted in such good order, and reasonable distance as
+they might still annoy vs, and alwayes relieue themselues interchangeably:
+hauing likewise the Castle, Forts, and Towne, continually to assist them
+and theirs, and alwayes readie to play vpon vs and ours.
+
+In most mens opinions it seemed that the enemy had a wonderful aduantage of
+vs, all circumstances being well weighed, but especially the straightnesse
+of the place, and the naturall forme and situation of the Bay it selfe,
+being rightly considered. For albeit the very Bay it selfe is very large
+and exceeding beautifull, so that from Cadiz to Port S. Mary, is some vi.
+or vii. English miles ouer or there abouts, yet be there many rockes,
+shelues, sands and shallowes in it, so that the very chanell and place for
+sea roome, is not aboue 2. or 3. miles, yea and in some places not so much,
+for the ships of any great burthen, to make way in, but that they must
+either be set on ground or else constrained to run fowle one on another.
+All this notwithstanding, with great and inuincible courage, the Lords
+generall presently set vpon them, and sorting out some such conuenient
+ships, as to their honorable wisedomes seemed fittest for that times
+seruice, they were driuen to take some other course then before had beene
+by them entended. Wherefore vpon a graue consultation had by a select
+Counsell, what great dangers might ensue vpon so mightie a disaduantage as
+appeared in all probability, if it were not by good and sound iudgement
+preuented, and therewithall in their singular wisedomes foreseeing that
+some great stratageme might be practised by the enemy, either by
+fire-worke, or some other subtill politike deuise, for the hazarding of her
+Maiesties ships of honor in so narrow a place, thus with al expedition they
+concluded that the Viceadmirall, the L. Thomas Howard, that most noble L.
+Howard (whose exceeding great magnanimity, courage, and wisedome, ioyned
+with such an honorable kind of sweet courtesie, bountie, and liberalitie,
+as is not able by me and my weakenes to be expressed, hath wonne him all
+the faithfull louing hearts of as many as euer haue had any maner of
+dealing with him) This L. Thomas, I say, in the Non Pareille for that time,
+and the Reare Admirall Sir Walter Raleigh (a man of maruellous worth and
+regard, for many his exceeding singular great vertues, right fortitude and
+great resolutenes in all matters of importance) in the Warspight associated
+with diuers most famous worthy knights, namely, Sir Francis Vere the L.
+Martiall in the Rainbow, Sir George Cary M. of the Ordinance, in the Mary
+rose, Sir Robert Southwell in the Lyon, gentlemen for all laudable good
+vertues, and for perfect courage and discretion in all military actions, of
+as great praise and good desert as any gentlemen of their degree whosoeuer,
+hauing with them some of the shippes of London and some of the Dutch
+squadron of reasonable burthen, should leade the dance, and giue the onset,
+and that the two most noble Lords generall with some others of their
+companies, should in their conuenient time and order, second the maine
+battell. The fight being begunne and growen very hot, the L. Generall the
+Earle of Essex, (whose infinite princely vertues with triumphant fame
+deserue to be immortalized) being on Port S. Mary side, vpon a sudden and
+vnlooked for of others, thrust himselfe among the formost into the maine
+battell. The other most honorable L. Generall (whose singular vertues in
+all respects are of such an excellencie and perfection as neither can my
+praise in any part increase them, nor any mans enuy any whit blemish or
+diminish them) vnderstanding, the most noble Earle to be in fight among
+them, and perceiuing by the M. of his ship, the Arke Royall, that lacke of
+water, it was not possible, that he might put any neerer, without farther
+delay, called presently for his Pynnesse, and in the same Pynnesse put
+himselfe, and his honorable son L. William Howard that now is, aboord the
+Honor de la mer, and there remained in the fight till the battell was
+ended. The fight was very terrible, and most hideous to the beholder by the
+continuall discharging of those roaring thundering great peeces, on all
+sides, and so continued doubtful till about one or two of the clocke in the
+afternoone: about which time the Philip, whom in very truth, they had all
+most fancie vnto, began to yeeld and giue ouer, her men that remained aliue
+shifting for themselues as they were able, and swimming, and running a
+shoare with all the hast that they could possibly, and therewithall, at the
+very same instant themselues fired their ship, and so left her, and
+presently thereupon a great Argosie, with an other mighty great ship, fired
+themselues in the like maner. Immediately hereupon, the residue of the
+ships ran themselues on ground, as farre from vs as they could, and therby
+purchased their owne safety, or rather breathing space for the time. Of
+them all two faire ships only were boorded and taken by our men with most
+part of their furniture in them, the one called S. Matthy, a ship by
+estimation of some xii. hundred tunne, and the other S. Andrew, being a
+shippe of not much lesser burthen. The Gallies, seeing this suddaine great
+victorious ouerthrow, made all the hast they could toward the Bridge called
+Puente de Suaço, and there shrowded themselues in such sort as our shippes
+could not by any meanes possible come nigh them for lacke of water.
+
+The Spanish ships in all were lix. and as is sayd, all tall ships and very
+richly furnished and well appointed, whereof some of them were bound for
+the Indies, and other freighted and furnished for Lisbon, as themselues
+affirme; and had we not come that very time that we did, (which for my
+part, I do not attribute so much vnto meere chance, as to some secret deepe
+insight and foreknowledge of the two most worthy Lords generall, who no
+doubt spared for no cost or labour for true intelligence) we had certainely
+mist of them all.
+
+Of what great wealth and riches these ships were, that I leaue to other
+mens iudgement and report, but sure I am that themselues offered two
+millions and a halfe of ducats for the redemption of the goods and riches
+that were in them: which offer of theirs, albeit it was accepted of the
+Lords Generall, and should haue beene receiued, yet we were defeated of it,
+as hereafter shall be more at large declared.
+
+What maner of fight this was, and with what courage performed, and with
+what terror to the beholder continued, where so many thundering tearing
+peeces were for so long a time discharged, I leaue it to the Reader to
+thinke and imagine. Yet such was the great mercy and goodnes of our liuing
+God, that in all this cruell terrible fight, in the end, there were not
+either slaine or hurt by any maner of meanes (excepting one mischance that
+happened, wherof I will by and by make mention) many aboue the number of
+100. of our men: notwithstanding diuers of our shippes were many times shot
+thorow and thorow: yea and some of them no lesse then two and twentie
+times, as I was enformed by credible report of the Captaines and Masters
+themselues. I knowe not of any other hurt done, sauing onely that Sir
+Robert Southwell, who alwayes shewed himselfe a most valiant resolute
+knight in all this action, making a litle too much haste with his Pinnesse
+to boord the Philip, had there his said Pinnesse burnt with the Philip at
+the same instant, and yet by good care and diligence his men were saued.
+
+One other mischance (as I said) there happened, and it was thus: One of the
+Flemings flieboats, who had, in all the conflict before, caried himselfe
+very well and valiantly, about ten of the clocke while the fight continued
+sharpest, chanced by great negligence and misfortune, to be fired and
+blowen vp by his owne powder, who could not haue any fewer in him, then one
+hundred fighting men by all supposall, and so in the very twinckling of an
+eye, both shippe and men were all cast away, excepting vii. or viii. which
+by very good fortune, and great care and diligence of some of the other
+ships were saued.
+
+Immediatly vpon this notable victory without any farther stay in all the
+world, the Lord generall the Earle of Essex put to shore and landed about
+3000. shot, and pikemen: of the which number the one halfe was presently
+dispatched to the bridge Puente de Suaço, vnder the conduct of three most
+famous worth; knights. Sir Christopher Blunt, Sir Coniers Clifford, and Sir
+Thomas Gerard: with the other halfe, being about fifteene hundred, the most
+noble Earle of Essex himselfe, being accompanied with diuers other
+honorable Lords, namely the Earle of Sussex, the Lord Harbert, the Lord
+Burt, Count Lodouick of Nassaw, the Lord Martiall Sir Francis Vere, with
+many other worthy Knights, and men of great regard, who all in that dayes
+seruice did most valiantly behaue themselues, with all expedition possible
+marched on foote toward the towne of Cadiz, which was about three English
+miles march. That time of the day was very hot and faint and the way was
+all of dry deepe slyding sand in a maner, and beside that, very vneuen, and
+by that meanes so tiresome and painefull as might be. The enemie hauing
+reasonable companie both of horse and footemen, stoode in a readinesse some
+good distance without the towne to welcome vs, and to encounter the Lorde
+Generall. But the most famous Earle with his valiant Troupes, rather
+running in deede in good order, then marching, hastened on with such
+vnspeakeable courage and celeritie, as within one houres space and lesse,
+the horsemen were all discomfited and put to flight, their leader being
+strooken downe at the very first encounter, whereat the footemen being
+wonderfully dismayed and astonished at the vnexspected manner of the
+Englishmens kinde of such fierce and resolute fight retyred themselues with
+all the speede possible that they could, to recouer themselues into the
+Towne againe, which being done by them, with farre swifter legges then
+manly courage, our men were enforcd to skale the walles: which thing in
+very deede, although it was not without great danger and difficulty to be
+perfourmed: Yet such was the inuincible resolution, and the wonderfull
+dexterity of the English, that in one halfe houre or thereabout, the enemie
+was repulsed, and the towne wall possessed, by the noble Earle himselfe,
+being in all this action, either the uery first man or else in a maner
+ioyned with the first.
+
+The towne walles being then possessed, and the English Ensigne being there
+displayed vpon them, with all speede possible they proceeded on to march
+through the towne, making still their waie with sworde and shot as well as
+they could, being still fought withall at euery turne.
+
+Immediately vpon this most famous entrie, the noble Earle, (according to
+their resolutions, as I take it, put downe before) was seconded by the
+noble L. Admirall in person, who was accompanied, with the noble L. Thomas
+Howard, the most worthy gentleman his sonne, now L. Howard, Sir Robert
+Southwell, Sir Richard Leuison, and with diuers other gentlemen, his L.
+followers of good account: his colours being aduanced by that valiant
+resolute gentleman, (a man beautified with many excellent rare gifts, of
+good learning and vnderstanding) S. Edward Hobby Knight. And thus he
+likewise marching with al possible speede on foote, notwithstanding his L.
+many yeres, the Intolerable heate, for the time, and the ouertiring tedious
+deepe sands, with other many impediments: Yet in good time, ioyned himselfe
+with the Earle and his companies, and gaue them the strongest, and best
+assistance that he could.
+
+Thus then the two Lords Generall with their companies being ioyned
+together, and proceeding so farre as the market place, there they were
+hotly encountered, where and at what time, that worthy famous knight Sir
+Iohn Winkfield, being sore wounded before on the thigh, at the very entry
+of the towne, and yet for all that no whit respecting himselfe being caried
+away, with the care he had to encourage and direct his company, was with
+the shot of a musket in the head, most vnfortunately slaine.
+
+And thus before eight of the clocke that night were these two most noble
+Lords General, Masters of the market place, the forts, and the whole Towne
+and all, onely the Castle as yet holding out, and from time to time as they
+could, still annoying them, with seuen battering pieces. By this time night
+began to grow on, and a kind of peace or intermission was obtained by them
+of the Castle: to whome the Lords Generall had signified: that vnlesse
+before the next day in the morning they would absolutely render themselues,
+they should looke for no mercy, but should euery one be put to the sword:
+vpon which message they tooke deliberation that night: but in the morning
+before breake of day, they hanged out their flag of truce, and so without
+any further composition did yeeld themselues absolutely to their mercy, and
+deliuered vp the Castle.
+
+And yet notwithstanding all this, in the night time while they had this
+respite to pause, and deliberate about the peacemaking, there were diuers
+great and suddaine alarms giuen: which did breed some great outrages and
+disorder in the towne. At euery which alarme, the two Lordes Generall
+shewed themselues maruelous ready and forward, insomuch that at the very
+first alarme, skant wel furnished with any more defence then their shirts,
+hose, and dublets, and those too altogether in a maner vntied, they were
+abroad in the streets themselues, to see the vttermost of it. But for that
+it is not as yet very well knowen (or at the least not well knowen vnto me)
+either wherfore, or by whom these alarmes were attempted: I am therefore to
+intreat, that a bare report, that such a thing was done, may suffice.
+
+These things being done, and this surrender being made, present
+proclamation was published, that the fury now being past, all men should
+surcease from all maner of blood and cruell dealing, and that there should
+no kind of violence or hard vsage be offered to any, either man, woman or
+child, vpon paine of death: And so permitting the spoyle of so much of the
+towne as was by them thought meete, to the common souldiers for some
+certaine dayes, they were continually in counsell about other graue
+directions, best knowen to their honourable wisedomes.
+
+This honourable and mercifull Edict I am sure was streightly and
+religiously obserued of the English: But how well it was kept by the Dutch,
+I will nether affirme, nor yet denie. For I perceiue betweene them and the
+Spaniards, there is in implicable hartburning, and therefore as soone as
+the Dutch squadron was espied in the fight, immediatly thereupon both they
+of Siuil and S. Lucar and also some, of some other places, did not onely
+arrest all such Dutch ships, as delt with them friendly by the way of
+traffick and Marchandise, and so confiscated their goods, but also
+imprisoned the Marchants and Owners of the same, and, as the report goeth,
+did intreat many of them with extreame cruelty thereupon.
+
+In the meane while the very next day being the two and twenty day of Iune,
+all the Spanish shippes which were left on ground in the Bay of Cadiz,
+where the great ouerthrowe had beene but the day before, were by the
+Spaniards themselues there set on fire, and so from that time forward they
+neuer left burning of them, till euery one of them, goods and all, as farre
+as wee know were burnt and consumed. This their doing was much maruelled at
+of vs, and so much the more, for that, as I sayd before, there had bene
+made some offer for the redemption and sauing of the goods, and it was not
+to them vnknowen that this their offer was not misliked, but in all
+probabilitie should haue bene accepted. The common opinion was, that this
+was done either by the appointment of the Duke de Medina Sidonia, or els by
+expresse commandement from the higher powers.
+
+Not long after the same time (three dayes as I remember) the gallies that
+were runne on ground, did quitte themselues also out of that place, and by
+the bridge of the Iland called Puente de Suaço, made their way round about
+the same Iland, and so by putting themselues to the maine sea, escaped to a
+towne called Rotta, not farre off, but something vp towards the Towne of
+Saint Lucars, and there purchased their safety by that meanes.
+
+Thus was this notable victorie, as well by sea as by land, both begunne and
+in effect perfourmed, within the compasse, in a maner, of foureteene
+houres: A thing in trueth so strange and admirable, as in my iudgement will
+rather bee wondered at then beleeued of posteritie. And if euer any notable
+exploit in any age was comparable to Cæsars Veni, Vidi, Vici, certainely in
+my poore opinion it was this.
+
+Here it is to be wished (and perchance of some too it is looked for) that
+euery mans particular worthy acte in this dayes seruice, with the parties
+names also, should be put downe, that thereby both they and their good
+deserts might be registered to all posteritie: and for my part I would it
+were so, and wish I were able to doe it. But for that I confesse it is a
+matter that passeth my power, yea, and for that I thinke it also a thing
+impossible to be precisely perfourmed by any other, I am to craue pardon
+for that I rather leaue it out altogether, then presume to doe it maymedly:
+and in this point I referre the Reader onely to the Mappe that is set
+foorth of this iourney, where it is in some parte conueniently touched and
+specified.
+
+The Towne of it selfe was a very beautifull towne, and a large, as being
+the chiefe See of the Bishop there, and hauing a goodly Cathedrall Church
+in it, with a right goodly Abbey, a Nunnery, and an exceeding fine College
+of the Jesuites, and was by naturall situation, as also by very good
+fortification, very strong, and tenable enough in all mens opinions of the
+better judgement. Their building was all of a kind of hard stone, euen from
+the very foundation to the top, and euery house was in a manner a kinde of
+a fort or Castle, altogether flat-roofed in the toppe, after the Turkish
+manner, so that many men together, and that at ease, might walke thereon:
+hauing vpon the house top, great heapes of weighty stoanes piled vp in such
+good order, as they were ready to be throwen downe by euery woman most
+easily vpon such as passed by, and the streetes for the most part so
+exceeding narrow, (I thinke to auoide the intollerable great heat of the
+Sunne) as but two men or three at the most together, can in any reasonable
+sorte march thorough them, no streete being broader commonly then I suppose
+Watling streete in London to be.
+
+The towne is altogether without glasse, excepting the Churches, yet with
+faire comely windowes, and with faire grates of iron to them, and haue very
+large folding leaues of wainscot or the like. It hath very fewe Chimnies in
+it, or almost none at all: it may be some one chimney in some one or other
+of the lower out roomes of lest account, seruing for some necessary vses,
+either to wash in, or the like, or els nowe and then perchance for the
+dressing of a dish of meate, hauing, as it should seeme vnto me, alwayes a
+greater care and respect how to keepe themselues from all kind of great
+heat, then how to prouide for any store of great roste. It had in it by
+report of them that should best know it, some foure thousand and moe, of
+very good able fighting men, and sixe hundred horsemen at the least. No
+question but that they were well furnished of all things appertaining
+thereunto, especially so many good ships lying there, and being so well
+stored with all manner of munition, shot, and powder, as they were.
+
+Whether they had knowledge of our comming or no, I can say nothing to it:
+Themselues giue it out that they vnderstood not of it, but onely by a
+Carauel the Friday at euening before we came. But whether they knew it or
+no, thus much I dare boldly affirme, that if the English had bene possessed
+of that or the like Towne, and had bene but halfe so well prouided as they
+were, they would haue defended it for one two moneths at the least, against
+any power whatsoeuer in at Christendome. But surely GOD is a mighty GOD,
+and hath a wonderfull secret stroke in all matters, especially of weight
+and moment. Whether their hearts were killed at the mighty ouerthrow by
+sea, or whether they were amased at the inuincible courage of the English,
+which was more then ordinary, caring no more for either small shot or
+great, then in a maner for so many hailestones, or whether the remorse of a
+guilty conscience toward the English nation, for their dishonourable and
+diuelish practices, against her Sacred Maiestie, and the Realme, (a matter
+that easily begetteth a faint heart in a guilty minde) or what other thing
+there was in it I know not, but be it spoken to their perpetuall shame and
+infamie, there was neuer thing more resolutely perfourmed, of the
+couragious English, nor more shamefully lost of the bragging Spaniard.
+
+Of what wealth this towne should be, I am not able to resolue the asker:
+for I confesse that for mine owne part, I had not so much good lucke, as to
+be partaker so much as of one pennie, or penny worth. Howbeit my ill
+fortune maketh that towne neuer a whit the poorer. But as it should appear
+by the great pillage by the common souldiers, and some mariners too, and by
+the goodly furnitures; that were defaced by the baser people, and thereby
+vtterly lost and spoyled, as not woorth the carying away, and by the ouer
+great plenty of Wine, Oyle, Almonds, Oliues, Raisins, Spices, and other
+rich grocery wares, that by the intemperate disorder of some of the rasher
+sort were knockt out, and lay trampled vnder feete, in euery common high
+way, it should appeare that it was of some very mighty great wealth to the
+first owners, though perchance, not of any such great commoditie to the
+last subduers, for that I iudge that the better part was most ryotously and
+intemperately spent and consumed. A disorder in mine opinion very much to
+be lamented, and if it might be by any good meanes remedied, in my conceit,
+it were a most honourable deuice.
+
+The Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday following, the Lords Generall spent in
+counsell, about the disposing of all matters, aswell touching the towne and
+prisoners, as also concerning all other matters, thought meete of them in
+their honourable wisedomes, and in all that meane while did shew such
+honourable bounty and mercy, as is not able to be expressed. For not onely
+the liues of euery one were spared, but also there was an especial care
+had, that al the Religious, as wel men as women, should be well and
+fauourably intreated, whom freely without any maner of ransome or other
+molestation, they caused to be safely transported ouer to Port Saint Marie,
+a towne in a maner as fayre as Cadiz: but at that time, as the case did
+stand, certainly knowen to be of no wealth in the world, and it was some
+sixe or seuen miles distant ouer against Cadiz, in a maner as Paules is
+against Southwarke, on the other side of the Bay, in a part of Andaluzia,
+subiect to the territory of the Duke de Medina Sidonio.
+
+Moreouer, at the same instant they did appoint that worthy knight Sir Amias
+Preston, and some others in some conuenient Barkes, to transport ouer to
+the sayd Towne safely and in good order, a hundred or moe of the better
+sort of ancient gentlewomen, and marchants wiues, who were suffered to put
+vpon themselues, some of them two, yea, some three sutes of apparell, with
+some conuenient quantitie of many Iewels, Chaines, and other ornaments
+belonging to their estate and degree. Such was the heroicall liberality,
+and exceeding great clemencie of those most honourable Lords Generall,
+thereby, as it should seeme vnto mee, beating downe that false surmised
+opinion, which hath bene hitherto commonly spread abroad, and setled among
+the Spaniards: which is, That the English doe trouble them and their
+countries, more for their golde, riches and pearle &c. then for any other
+iust occasion. Whereas by these their honourable dealings it is manifest to
+all the world, that it is onely in respect of a iust reuenge for the
+manifolde iniuries, and most dishonourable practises that haue bene from
+time to time attempted by them against vs and our nation, and also in the
+defence of the true honour of England: which they haue sought, and daylie
+doe seeke, by so many sinister and reprochfull deuices, so much as in them
+lieth, to deface.
+
+Vpon Saturday being the 26. Sir Iohn Winkfield knight was buried, in
+honourable and warlike manner, so farre foorth us the circumstances of that
+time and place could permit. At whose funerals the Nauie discharged a great
+part of their Ordinance, in such order, as was thought meete and conuenient
+by the Lords Generals commandement.
+
+The twenty seuenth day being Sunday, in the Abbey the diuine seruice was
+had, and a learned Sermon was made there by one Master Hopkins, the right
+honourable Earle of Essex his Preacher, a man of good learning and sweete
+vtterance, and euen there the same day, something before the sermon was
+made, these worthie Gentlemen following were knighted by the Lords General.
+And here I am to signifie by the way that two of these were knighted three
+or foure dayes before, and some three or foure moe were knighted after that
+time, vpon certaine occasions: but yet I holde it beste (and I trust
+without offence) to recite their names in this place altogether.
+
+
+The names of such noble men and gentlemen, as were knighted at Cadiz in
+  Iune 1596 by the two most honourable Lordes Generall.
+
+June 21. Sir Samuel Bagnol.        Sir Alexander Clifford.
+22.      Sir Arthur Sauage.        Sir Maurice Barkley.
+27.      The Earle of Sussex.      Sir Charles Blunt
+         The Lord Harbert.         Sir George Gifford.
+         The Lord Burk.            Sir Robert Crosse.
+         Count Ludowick.           Sir Iames Escudamor.
+         Sir William Howard.       Sir Vrias Leigh.
+         Sir George D'Eureux.      Sir Iohn Leigh, alias Lee.
+         Sir Henry Neuel.          Sir Richard Weston.
+         Sir Edmund Rich.          Sir Richard Wainman.
+         Sir Richard Leuen.        Sir Iames Wootton.
+         Sir Peter Egomort.        Sir Richard Ruddal.
+         Sir Anthonie Ashley.      Sir Robert Mansfield.
+         Sir Henry Leonard.        Sir William Mounson.
+         Sir Richard Leuison.      Sir Iohn Bowles.
+         Sir Horatio Vere.         Sir Edward Bowes.
+         Sir Arthur Throchmorton.  Sir Humfrey Druel.
+         Sir Miles Corbet          Sir Amias Preston.
+         Sir Edward Conway.        Sir Robert Remington.
+         Sir Oliuer Lambert        Sir Iohn Buck.
+         Sir Anthony Cooke.        Sir Iohn Morgan.
+         Sir Iohn Townesend.       Sir Iohn Aldridg.
+         Sir Christopher Heydon.   Sir Iohn Asshindon.
+         Sir Francis Popham.       Sir Matthew Browne.
+         Sir Philip Woodhouse.     Sir Iohn Acton.
+         Sir Thomas Gates.         Sir Iohn Gylbert.
+         Sir Gilly Mericke.        Sir William Haruie.
+         Sir Thomas Smith.         Sir Iohn Gray.
+         Sir William Pooley.       Don Christ. prince of Portingall.
+         Sir Thomas Palmer.        Sir Iohn Vanderfoord,
+         Sir Iohn Stafford.          Admirall of the Hollanders.
+         Sir Robert Louel.         Sir Robert Duley. 8. August.
+
+[_In the preceding List, the last name should undoubtedly be Sir Robert
+Dudey._]
+
+I am not curious in placing these gentlemen, but put them downe at a
+venture. Only I haue obserued, as neere as I could, the iust day and time
+when they were created. And I trust where the place of it selfe is so
+worthy and equall, there the bare naming and placing of the parties, shal
+brede no offence, or make a disparity. The two gentlemen that were last
+knighted receiued their knighthood in the way of our returne from Cadiz:
+the one of them vpon the sea, not farre from the Bay of the Groyne, at what
+time our ships stood vpon their staies for a space while certaine Pinnasses
+were sent to descrie what shipping was at the Groine: The other at
+Plimmouth in the open streete, when the Lords Generall came from the
+Sermon. The one a man of long seruice, and good desert among the Dutch: the
+other of so many good parts of a worthy gentleman, as the like are seldome
+seene to concurre in any.
+
+I spake in the beginning of her Majesties praier, which I presumed (though
+vnworthy) to translate into Latine: and nowe at this very time there was
+some opportunity offered, for to make some vse of that translation. For
+nowe being in Cadiz, attending vpon my most honourable good Lord, I talked
+with certaine of the Religious men, such as I found learned, whereof indeed
+there were some, though not very many. I talked also with the Bishop of
+Cusco there, a graue aged comely man, and being of late chosen to that
+Bishopricke, he was as then to have gone to the Indies had not we then
+taken him prisoner, and so stayed his iourney for that time. With these men
+euer as occasion did serue, I did seeke nowe and then to spende some
+speech, and to entertaine time withall, I would breake with them of this
+our victorie, and of the iniuries and bad dealings of their Prince and
+Countrey offered to her Maiestie, whereby shee was prouoked, and in a
+manner drawn to this action: though otherwise of her own most excellent
+princely good nature, she was altogether giuen to peace, and quietnes. And
+alwayes in some part of our conferences, I would shew them a copie of her
+Maiesties praier in Latine, which I had alwayes of purpose ready about me;
+whereby it might the better appeare vnto them, how vnwillingly, and vpon
+how great and vrgent occasions her Maiesty was, as it were enforced to
+vndertake this action: and therewithall I did vse now and then to bestow
+vpon them a copy of the same in writing. They seemed in all outward shew to
+allow of my speeches, and to praise her Maiesties good inclination; and
+earnestly to wish that there might be a firme concord and peace againe.
+
+It pleased the Lords general to deale exceeding fauourably with this said
+Bishop of Cusco: for it was their good pleasure to giue him his free
+passage without any ransome, and therewithal to let him to vnderstand, that
+they came not to deale with Church-men, or vnarmed men, or with men of
+peace, weaklings and children, neither was it any part of their meaning to
+make such a voyage for gold, siluer, or any other their wealth and riches,
+&c. But that, their only comming was to meet with their dishonorable
+practises, and manifold iniuries, and to deale with men of warre and
+valour, for the defence of the true honour of England: and to let them to
+vnderstand, that whensoeuer they attempted any base-conceited and
+dishonorable practise to their soueraigne Queene, their Mistresse, that it
+should be reuenged to the vttermost, &c.
+
+In this meane space, while the Lords general continued at Cadiz, there came
+to them certain poore wretched Turks, to the number of 38, that had bin a
+long time gally-slaues, and either at the very time of the fight by sea, or
+els immediately thereupon, taking the opportunity, did then make their
+escape, and did swim to land: yeelding themselues to the mercy of their
+most honorable Lordships. It pleased them with all speed to apparel them,
+and to furnish them with money, and all other necessaries, and to bestow on
+them a barke, and a Pilot, to see them freely and safely conueied into
+Barbary, willing them to let the countrey vnderstand what was done, and
+what they had seene. Whereby I doubt not, but as her Maiesty is a most
+admirable Prince already, ouer all Europe, all Africk, and Asia, and
+throughout Christendome: so the whole worlde hereafter shall haue iust
+cause to admire her infinitely Princely vertues, and thereby bee prouoked
+to confesse, that as she hath bin mightily protected from time to time, by
+the powerful hand of the almighty, so vndoubtedly, that she is to be iudged
+and accounted of vs, to be his most sacred handmaide, and chosen vessel.
+And therefore, whatsoever wicked designement shalbe conspired and plotted
+against her Maiesty hereafter, shalbe thought to be conspired, plotted, and
+intended against the almighty himselfe: and for that cause, as I trust,
+shalbe by the infinite goodnes and mercy of that almighty, mightily
+frustrate and ouerthrowen.
+
+The 28. day being Munday, the L. Admirall came aboord the Arke againe,
+minding there to remaine for a space, as indeed he did, and vpon the aduise
+of his Physition, to deale something in Physicke, for that his L. found his
+body something out of frame. At that time it pleased his L. to write
+certain letters to the Duke of Medina Sidonia, for the deliuerance of
+English captiues, who were remaining in the gallies. For by this time, it
+was reported, that the said Duke was come downe in person with some power,
+and that he was either at Port S. Mary, or els at Rotta, or thereabout. His
+L. did endite the letters himselfe, but his pleasure was, they should be
+turned into Latine by another: and so to be sent (as indeed they were) in
+the latine tongue vnto the Duke.
+
+
+A copie of the Lord Admirals letters to the Duke of Medina Sidonia.
+
+Illustrissimo Principi Duci de Medina Sidonia.
+
+Illustrissime Princeps, ex nonnullis quibusdam Hispanis intelligimus,
+Excellentiam vestram iam nunc esse apud portam S. Mariæ. Et quoniam in anno
+Domini 1588. id nobis tunc muneris assignatum erat à sereniss. nostra
+Regina domina mea, vt contra vos, vestrásque copias, Ego solus pro eo
+tempore Generalis essem constitutus: Idcircò non opinamur vobis ignotum
+esse, quàm mite quoddam, et humanum bellandi genus, tum hîc iam in hoc ipso
+tempore, aduersus huius loci populum atque incolas vsurpauerimus: tum etiam
+sæpius antehac quâm humaniter, benignèque eos omnes tractauerimus, quos ex
+vestris iure belli captiuos acceperimus. Ex quorum numero quàm multa milia
+etiam gratis, nullo accepto pretio, libertate donauerimus, id putamus
+omnibus esse testatius, quàm vt à quoquam denegetur. Quocirca, neque vllo
+modo nobis in mentem venire potest, vt dubitemus, quin parem etiam in vobis
+humanitatem aduersus nostros captiuos simus reperturi. Cum igitur nobis
+compertum iam sit, habere vos in vestris galeris, ex Reginæ nostræ
+serenissimæ Dominæ meæ subditis vnum et quinquaginta captiuos: non equidem
+dubitamus, quin eos omnes sitis relaxaturi, et ad nos missuri: ea lege, ac
+conditione, vt totidem ex vestris hîc captíuis eiusdem loci atque ordinis,
+melioris etiam fortassis notæ, ac conditionis, homuncios, ad os vicissim
+remittamus. Id quod nos facturos data fide spondemus, quàm primùm nostros
+captiuos ex vestris manibus acceperimus. Hac in re si nostro desiderio ac
+voluntati parùm satisfactum erit, aliud profectò tunc posthac belli genus
+ingrediemur, aliúmque bellandi morem cogemur, etiam inuiti, et contra
+voluntatem prosequi. Ex Regia Anglicana classe apud Cadiz vltimo Iunij,
+stilo antiquo. 1596.
+
+Carolus Howard.
+
+These letters were sent by a Spaniard, and an answere was brought from the
+Duke with al conuenient speed, and as it should seeme by the L. Admirals
+next answere returned to him in writing, which immediately hereafter
+foloweth, the Duke de Medina Sidonia his letters were honorable, and with
+good regard.
+
+
+A Copie of my L. Admirals second letter to the Duke of Medina Sidonia.
+
+Illustrissimo Principi Duci de Medina Sidonia.
+
+Illustrissime Princeps, literas ab excellentia vestra hodiè accepimus: quæ
+verò nostra sit ad illas responsio, nobiles isti viri, qui vestras literas
+ad nos pertulerunt: pleniùs declarabunt. Hoc interim cupimus esse penitùs
+persuasum Excellentiæ vestræ; nos sedulò operam daturos, vt in omni
+honorificæ benignitatis humanitatisque genere, expectationi vestræ omni ex
+parte respondeamus. Quod ad Anglicos nostros captiuos attinet, quos ab
+Excellentia vestra huc ad nos crastino die missum iri expectamus, in ea re
+pollicemur Excellentiæ vestræ, quòd plenius à nobis vestræ voluntati
+satisfactum erit: et quòd pro illis captiuis tales nos captiuos vobis
+remittemus, quales tum ab ipso Dom. Mendoza, tum ab alijs illustrib. viris,
+qui à Dom. Porta Carero in illorum ad nos fauorem mittebantur, communi cum
+consensu erant ab ipsis approbati. Si verò quis alius iam captiuus est vel
+posthac futurus erit in nostra potestate, pro cuius redemptione nondum
+plenè conuentum est et stipulatum de certo pretio persoluendo: concedimus
+Excellentiæ vestræ, vt in hoc etiam casu vos, vestro pro arbitrio, de illis
+quicquid velitis, imperetis. Ex Regia classe Anglicana, apud Cadiz, 3. die
+Iulij stylo antique. 1596.
+
+Carolus Howard.
+
+The next day after, being the 4. of Iuly, the L. L. generall caused the
+towne of Cadiz to be set on fire, and rased and defaced so much as they
+could, the faire cathedral Church, and the religious houses only being
+spared, and left vnblemished. And with the town al such prouision for
+shipping, and other things, as were seruiceable for the K. vse, and yet
+were not either so conuenient for vs to be caried away, or els such as we
+stood no whit at all in need of, were likewise at the same instant consumed
+with fire. And presently therupon, their Lordships, with as conuenient,
+speed as they could, and the whole army in such good order and leisure, as
+they thought best, came aboord.
+
+The next day being the 5. of Iuly, the L. L. generall with all the armie
+being vnder saile and now making for England, and but as yet passing the
+very mouth of the Bay of Cadiz, a galley full of English prisoners, with a
+flag of truce, met vs from Rotta, sent by the D. of Medina Sidonia, and
+sent as it should seeme, one day later then his promise: but yet their flag
+being either not big enough, or not wel placed in the galley, or not wel
+discerned of our men, or by what other mischance I know not: but thus it
+was: by one of our smallest ships that sailed formost, assoone as the said
+galley came within gunshot, there was a great peece discharged vpon her,
+and at that instant there was one man slaine outright, and 2. other
+grieuously hurt. The error being espied and perceiued, our ship gaue ouer
+immediatly from any farther shooting. Assoone as the galley came neere vs,
+my L. Admirall caused a gracious salutation to be sounded with his
+trumpets, and willed the captains forthwith to come aboord his ship: which
+they did, and then he feasted them with a very fine and honorable banket,
+as the time and place might serve. And then by them vnderstanding of that
+unfortunate mischance that had hapned by the shot of the said ship, he was
+very sory for the same, and yet such was the merciful prouidence of
+almighty God, that euen in this mischance also, he did hold his holy hand
+ouer the English. And al the harme that was done did light onely vpon the
+poore Turk, and the Spaniard himselfe. When this Lorde had well banqueted
+them, hee presently called for his barge, and did accompany the said galley
+to the Lorde general the Earle of Essex, who then did ride with his ship a
+good distance off: and there they being in like maner most honorably
+receiued, and intertained, the Spanish gentlemen deliuered vp their
+prisoners the English captiues, of whom some had bin there 6 yere, some 8,
+or ten: yea, and some 22. yeere, and vpward, and some of them but lately
+taken in S. Francis Drakes last voiage to the Indies. The number of the
+prisoners deliuered were but 39, and no mo, and were brought in, and
+deliuered by Don Antonio de Corolla and his brother, and, by Don Pedro de
+Cordua, and certaine others. If you demaund why, of one and fiftie
+Captiues, there were no moe deliuered then was, I presuppose, (and I thinke
+it true to) that at that time the residue were farther off in some remote
+places of Spaine bestowed, and so by that meanes, not able at this time to
+bee in a readinesse, but yet like enough that there is some good order
+taken for them hereafter, to be redeemed, and sent ouer into England.
+
+If any man presume here so farre, as to enquire how it chanced, that the
+Lords generall rested so long at Cadiz, and went no farther, and why Port
+S. Mary being so faire a towne, and so neere to them, was forborne? and why
+Sheres aliàs Xeres? And why Rotta and the like? And why this or that was
+done? And why that or this left vndone? I will not answere him with our
+common English prouerbe, as I might, which is: That one foole may aske moe
+questions in one houre, then ten discrete men can wel answere in fiue
+dayes.
+
+But that graue auncient writer, Cornelius Tacitus, hath a wise, briefe,
+pithy saying, and it is this: "Nemo tentauit inquirere in columnas
+Herculis, sanctiúsque ac reuerentius habitum est de factis Deorum credere,
+quàm scire." Which saying, in my fancy, fitteth marueilous well for this
+purpose: and so much the rather, for that this Cadiz is that very place,
+(at least by the common opinion) where those said pillers of Hercules were
+thought to be placed: and, as some say, remaine as yet not farre off to be
+seene. But to let that passe, the saying beareth this discrete meaning in
+it, albeit in a prety kind of mystical maner vttered: That it befitteth not
+inferiour persons to be curious, or too inquisitiue after Princes actions,
+neither yet to be so sawcy and so malapert, as to seeke to diue into their
+secrets, but rather alwayes to haue a right reuerend conceite and opinion
+of them, and their doings: and thereon so resting our inward thoughts, to
+seek to go no further, but so to remaine ready alwaies to arme our selues
+with dutiful minds, and willing obedience, to perform and put in execution
+that which in their deepe insight and heroicall designements, they shall
+for our good, and the care of the common wealth determine vpon.
+
+This, and much lesse to, might suffice to satisfie any honest minded man.
+But yet if any will needs desire to be a little farther satisfied, albeit
+it neede not, yet then, this much I dare say and affirme, that vpon my
+knowledge, the chiefest cause why Port Saint Mary, and the rest were left
+vntouched, was this: For that it was most certainly knowen, that they were
+townes not woorth the saluting of such a royal companie, in which there was
+no maner of wealth in the world left, more then bare houses of stone, and
+standing walles, and might well haue serued rather as a stale, perchance,
+to haue entrapped, then as a meanes to haue enriched. And it had bin more
+then a suspicion of follie, for such an army as this, to haue sought to
+fight with the aire, and to haue laboured with great paine and charges,
+yea, and with some euident danger too, to haue ouerthrowen that, which
+could very litle or nothing haue profited, being destroyed: and yet nowe,
+can doe as little harme being left, as it is, vntouched.
+
+And thus much for our iourney to Cadiz: for the accidents that happened by
+the way, for the winning, spoiling, and burning of the saide towne, for the
+ouerthrowe of the Spanish Fleet there, and for al other by-matters that
+happened, as appendances to the same, both in the time of our abode there,
+as also at the very last houre of our comming from thence.
+
+As for our returne home, and our entrance into a part of Portingal by the
+way, with the taking, spoyling, and burning of the towne of Faraon there,
+and marching into the Spanish confines therabouts, &c. I minde to leaue it
+to some other, whose chance was to be present at the action, as myselfe was
+not, and shalbe of more sufficient ability to performe it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Most Honourable Tragedie of Sir Richard Grinuile, Knight. 1595.
+  [Footnote: At London, printed by I. Roberts, for Richard Smith, 1595.
+  (Written by Gervase Markham--KTH).]
+
+That time of yeare when the inamored Sunne
+Clad in the richest roabes of liuing fiers,
+Courted the Virgin signe, great Nature Nunne,
+Which barrains earth of al what earth desires
+Euen in the month that from _Augustus_ wonne,
+His sacred name which vnto heauen aspires,
+  And on the last of his ten trebled days,
+  When wearie labour new refresh assayes.
+
+Then when the earth out-brau'd the beautious Morne,
+Boasting his cornie Mantle stird with aire,
+Which like a golden Ocean did adorne,
+His cold drie carcasse, featurelesse, vnfaire,
+Holding the naked shearers scithe in scorne,
+Or ought that might his borrowed pride empaire,
+  The soule of vertue seeing earth so ritch,
+  With his deare presence gilds the sea as mitch.
+
+The sea, which then was heauie, sad, and still,
+Dull, vnapplyed to sportiue wantonnesse,
+As if her first-borne _Venus_ had beene ill,
+Or _Neptune_ seene the _Sonne_ his loue possesse,
+Or greater cares, that greatest comforts kill,
+Had crowned with griefe, the worlds wet wildernesse,
+  Such was the still-foot _Thetis_ silent paine,
+  Whose flowing teares, ebbing fell backe againe.
+
+_Thetis_, the mother of the pleasant springs,
+Grandam of all the Riuers in the world,
+To whom earths veins their moistning tribut brings,
+Now with a mad disturbed passion hurld,
+About her caue (the worlds great treasure) flings:
+And with wreath'd armes, and long wet hairs uncurld,
+  Within her selfe laments a losse vnlost,
+  And mones her wrongs, before her ioyes be crost
+
+Thus whilst churning sorrowe ceaz'd her hart,
+_Grinuile_ (ô melt my spyrit in that name,)
+As sings the Swan her funerall depart,
+And waues her wings the ensignes of her fame,
+So he, with vertue sweetning bitter smart,
+Which from the seas long toyling seruice came:
+  For why, sixe Moones, and so oft times the Sunne
+  Was past, and had one halfe the signes ore-runne,
+
+Ere he the earth, our common Mother saw;
+Now earlie greets black _Flores_ banefull Ile,
+(_Flores_, from whence afflictions selfe doth draw
+The true memorialls of a weeping stile;)
+And with _Caisters_ Querristers[1] which straw
+Descant, that might Death of his darts beguile,
+  He tunes saluting notes, sweeter then long,
+  All which are made his last liues funerall song.
+
+Skillesse in deaths great Parliament he cals
+His fellow mat's, and minions to his fame,
+Shewes them long lookt for land, and how it brauls,
+Repulsing backe the billowes as they came,
+Much he triumphes, and passed griefe for-stals
+With present ioy (sorrow lights pleasures flame:)
+  And whilst his hopes of _Happy-Fortune_ sings,
+  _Misfortune_ by, controls them with her wings.
+
+Desir'd reliefe, and euer welcome rest,
+The elements that forme the wearie man,
+Began to hold a counsaile in his brest,
+Painting his wants by sicknes pale and wan;
+With other griefes, that others force opprest,
+Aduising stay, (as what is but they can,)
+  Whilst he that fate to come, and past, nere feard,
+  Concludes to stay till strength decayd repaird.
+
+Then casts he Anchor hulling on the maine,
+And all his shyps poore Citizens recounts,
+And hundred iust were free from sicknes paine,
+Fourscore and ten death their redress accounts;
+So that of all both sicke and sound vnslaine,
+Vnto two hundred wanting ten amounts.
+  A slender armie for so great a guide,
+  But vertue is vnknowne till it be tride.
+
+Those whom their harts enabled to attempt,
+He puts a shoare to make supplie for neede;
+Those whom long sicknes taught of death contempt,
+He visits, and from _Ioues_ great Booke doth reede
+The balme which mortall poysen doth exempt;
+Those whom new breathing health like sucklings feed,
+  Hie to the sands, and sporting on the same,
+  Finde libertie, the liues best liuing flame.
+
+Looke how a troope of Winter-prisoned Dames,
+Pent in th' inclosure of the walled townes,
+Welcoms the Spring, Vsher to Somer flames,
+Making their Pastimes in the flowrie downes,
+Whose beauteous Arras[2] wrought in natures frames,
+Through eyes admire, the hart with wonder crownes,
+  So the wood-walled citizens at sea,
+  Welcome both Spring and Sommer in a day.
+
+The warring byllowes, seas artillerie,
+With long held siege, had bruz'd their beaten keele,
+Which to repaire the most, most busied be,
+Lab'ring to cure, what want in labours feele;
+All pleas'd with toyle, clothing extremitie
+In Hopes best robes, that hang on Fortunes wheele
+  But men are men, in ignorance of Fate,
+  To alter chaunce, exceedeth humaine state.
+
+For when the Sun, towred in heauens head,
+Downe from the siluer mountaine of the skye,
+Bent his bright Chariot on the glassie bed,
+Faire christall, guilded with his glorious eye,
+Fearing some usurpation in his stead,
+Or least his Loue should too-long daliance spy
+  Tweene him and _Virgo_, whose attractiue face,
+  Had newly made him leaue the _Lyons_ chase.
+
+In that same myd-daies hower came sayling in,
+A thought-swift-flying Pynnase, taught by winde,
+T' outstrip in flight Times euer flying wing;
+And being come where vertue was inshrinde,
+First vaild his plumes, and wheeling in a ring,
+With Goat-like dauncing, stays where _Grinuile_ shynd,
+  The whyle his great Commaunder calls the name,
+  Which is ador'd of all that speakes the same.
+
+The great Commaunder of this little Barke,
+Which like an Eglet armes the Eagles side,
+Was _Midleton_, the ayme of Honors marke,
+That more had prou'd then danger durst haue tride,
+Now seeing all good fortunes sun-shine darke,
+Thrise calls Sir _Richard_, who as oft replyde,
+  Bidding him speake, and ring his newes aloude,
+  Ill, not apald, nor good could make him proude.
+
+O then (quoth Midleton) thou soule of all
+What euer boasts in magnanimitie,
+Thou, whom pure Vertue her best part doth call,
+Better then valure, stronger then dietie,
+Whom men adore, and all the gods exhall
+Into the bookes of endlesse memorie,
+  I bring thee tidings of a deadly fray,
+  Begun in Heauen, to end vpon the Sea.
+
+The glorious Senate of the Skyes was set,
+And all the gods were royaliz'd in state,
+When _Happy-fortune_ and _Ill-fortune_ met,
+Striuing who first should enter Heauen's gate,
+The one made mad the others fame to let,
+Neither but stirr'd with rage to wonder at,
+  Confusedly, as water floods doe passe
+  Their common bounds, such their rude entrance was.
+
+The gods disturb'd, admire their strange aproch,
+Censuring their angers by their gloing eyes,
+_Ill-fortune_ was attended by _Reproch_,
+_Good-fortune, Fame_, and _Vertue_ stellesies;[3]
+One sweares the other doth her right incroch,
+Which is the elder house, none can deuise:
+  The gods diuide, yet in the end agree
+  The Fates shall iudge each others pedigree.
+
+_Good-Fortune_, drawes from heauen her hye descent,
+Making hie _Ioue_ the roote of her large tree;
+She showes from him how many god-heads went,
+_Archangells, Angells_, heauen's posteritie:
+From thence, she shows the glorious thrid she lent,
+To _Monarks, Emperours_, and _Kyngs_ in fee,
+  Annexing as Colatteralls to her line,
+  _Honour, Vertue, Valure_, and _Endles-time_.
+
+Naithlesse, _Ill-fortune_ will be elder borne,
+She saith, she springs from _Saturne, Ioues_ wronged Sier,
+And heauen, and earth, and hell her coate haue borne,
+Fresh bleeding harts, within a field of fier;
+All that the world admires, she makes her scorne,
+Who farthest seemes, is to _Ill-fortune_ nier,
+  And that iust proofe may her great praise commend,
+  All that _Best-chaunce_ begins, _Ill-chaunce_ doth ende.
+
+Thus they, dispute, guilding their tongues report
+With instances, and argumental sawes,
+_Ill-fortune_, bids let all the worlde resort,
+And show within their Chronicles and lawes,
+The man whose liue-line neuer did consort,
+With sharpe affliction, deaths first grounded cause,
+  Then will she yeeld, else, is shee victor still.
+  Worlds good is rare, perpetuall is their ill.
+
+Euen as the racket takes the balls rebound;
+So doth _Good-fortune_ catch _Ill-fortunes_ proofe,
+Saying, she wil her in herselfe confound,
+Making her darts, Agents for her behoofe;
+Bow but thine eies (quoth she) whence ha'ts abound,
+And I will show thee vnder heauens roofe
+  Th' vnconquered man whom no mischance importunes.
+  Crown of my kingdom, deaths man to misfortune.
+
+At this, the casments of the skye broke ope,
+Discouering all what's girdled in her frame,
+Whilst _Happy-fortune_ through her eyes large scope
+Like a Cosmographer comments on the same;
+Three parts with praise she past and future hope,
+Then to the fourth, the Westerne world she came,
+  And there, with her eyes festrawe paints a storie,
+  Stranger than strange, more glorified than glorie.
+
+See (sayd _Faire-fortune_, to her soule shapt _Foe_)
+How on the scourge that beates against the Ile
+Of _Flores_, whence they curst oblations growe,
+A winde-taught capring ship which ayre beguiles,
+(Making poore _Cephalus_ for-lorne with woe,
+Curse arte, which made arte framed saile such smiles)
+  Richlie imbrodred with the Iems of warre,
+  In thy dispight commaunds a lucky starrye.
+
+In that faire vessel liues my garlands flower.
+_Grinuile_, my harts immortall arterie;
+Of him thy deitie had neuer power,
+Nor hath hee had of griefe one simpathie;
+Successe attends him, all good hap doth shower
+A golden raine of perpetuitie
+  Into his bossome, whete mine Empire stands,
+  Murdring the Agents of thy blacke commands.
+
+Say, and say true, (for what but thou wilt say,)
+That euer _Grinuils_ fortunes came before thee,
+Of euer prostrate at thine Altars lay,
+Or with one wreath of Cipresse did adore thee?
+Proue one blacke storme in all his Sommers day,
+Whose threatening clouds compeld him to implore thee.
+  Then wil I staine my milkwhite vaile with weeping,
+  And as thine handmaide dye in sorrowes keeping.
+
+As wounds the lightning, yet preserues the skinne,
+So did these words split _Lucklesse-fortunes_ hart,
+Her smiling _Superficies_, lockt within
+A deepe exulcerated festring smart;
+Heere shee perceiu'd her first disgrace begin,
+And wordlesse from the heauens takes her depart.
+  Yet as she flewe her wings in flying cri'd
+  On _Grinuile_ shall my fame and power be tride.
+
+At her departure all the heauens were glad.
+Triumphing in _Ill-fortunes_ banishment,
+_Apollo_ set new _Anthems_ as _Ioue_ bad,
+Which spheare tunes made more then most excellent;
+No light in heauen but with new fier was clad,
+Making next _Ioue, Good-fortune_ president,
+  Enrowling in the Bookes of destenie,
+  This memorable famous victorie.
+
+Only the _Fat's_ su'd for her backe repeale,
+(For they _Ill-fortune_ lou'd exceeding well)
+Many her deedes and Tropheis they reueale,
+And all her liues blacke legend, weeping tell;
+Yet all they speake, cannot in heauen preuaile,
+Which seene, in spight they follow her to hell,
+  And there inhoused with their mother _Night_,
+  All foure deuise, how heauen and earth to spight.
+
+Hence sprang the loues of _Ioue_, the _Sonnes_ exile,
+The shame of _Mars_ and _Venus_ in a net;
+_Iunos_ forsaken bed; Saturns compile
+Of frantike discontentment, which beset
+All heauen with armes; _Diana_ hence had while
+To court her sleeping boy; whilst _Thetis_ let
+  _Phoebus_ imbrace her in her _Neptunes_ stead,
+  Who made complaints, breach of his bridall bed:
+
+Yet not content with these disparagments,
+Much greater mischiefes issues from their minds,
+_Grinuile_, thy mountaine honour it augments
+Within their breasts, a Meteor like the winds,
+Which thrall'd in earth, a reeling issue rents
+With violent motion; and their wills combinds
+  To belch their hat's, vow'd murdrers of thy fame,
+  Which to effect, thus they begin the same.
+
+Fast to _Iberia_ flies vntoward chaunce,
+_Iberia_, which we vulgar Christen _Spaine_,
+Vpon whose Sunne-burnt continent doth daunce
+Westerne _Ducallidon_, the greatest maine,
+Thither shee packs, _Error_ doth their aduance
+Her coale-blacke standerd in the hands of paine;
+  And as escapt from rauishment or bale,
+  With false teares, thus shee tunes a falser tale.
+
+Great Empire (said shee) blessed in thy birth,
+Beautious created for-head of this round,
+That with thy smiles first lent to heauen mirth,
+And bout thy temples all perfections woond,
+Lodgd in th' immagin'd corners of the earth;
+Thou whom our centers Monarchesse art crownd,
+  Attend my suite, baptisd in mournefull teares,
+  Who but ere while triumphed on the spheares.
+
+Nor for my selfe more then thine owne decay
+Which blindfold pleasure clouds as they arise,
+Be gracious, and retort the domefull daye
+Which thee and me to shame would sacrifice.
+Loe, on the great west-walling boisterous sea,
+Which doth imbrace thy gold-enclosing eyes,
+  Of many sailes one man, of one poor Ile,
+  That will my fame, and all thy faire defile.
+
+His numberlesse great infinits of fame,
+Haue shut against me heauens great christall dore,
+The clouds, which once my feets dust had to name,
+Hang ore my forhead, threatning euermore
+Death to my praise; life to my infant shame,
+Whilst I with sighes mediate a new restore.
+  And in my selfe behold my pleasures past,
+  Swimming amongst the ioyes I cannot tast.
+
+Th' ambrosian Nectar-filled banqueting,
+No more shall I communicate, or see,
+Triumphes in heauen, _Ioues_ masks, and reuelling,
+Are cleene exempt, both from my ioyes and me.
+The reason, for my loue to thee I bring,
+Trimming the locks with Iems of dietie,
+  Making the gods a dread a fatall day,
+  Worse then the Giants warre or Centaurs fray.
+
+Poore goddesse, rob'd of all eternall power,
+Whose broken Statues, and down razed Fan's,
+Neuer warm'd altars, euer forgotten hower
+Where any memorie of praise is tane,
+Witnes my fall from great _Olympus_ tower;
+Prostrate, implore blame for receiued bane,
+  And dyre reuenge gainst heauens impietie,
+  Which els in shame will make thee follow mee.
+
+Behold these robes, maps of my fortunes world,
+Torne, and distaind with eye-scornd beggerie;
+These rags deuide the Zones, wherein is hurld
+My liues distemprate, hote cold miserie;
+These teares are points, the scale these hairs vncurld,
+My hands the compasse, woe the emperie:
+  And these my plaints, true and auriculer,
+  Are to my Globe the perpendiculer.
+
+Looke how I am, such art thou like to be
+If armes preuent not heauens intendiment,
+_Grinuile_, which now surfeits with dignitie,
+Burd'ning the Sea with my disparagement;
+Chiding the wanton winds if greedelie
+They kisse his sailes; or els too slowlie vent,
+  Like _Ioue_, which bad the day be and it was,
+  So bids he Conquest warre; she brings to passe.
+
+The sole incouragement he giues his power,
+Is Prophet-like presaging of thy death,
+Courage he cries, euen in the dying hower,
+And with his words, recalls departing breath;
+O (sayes he to his Mat's) you are my glories tower,
+Impregnable, wall'd with vnuanquisht faith,
+  You are the hands and agents of my trust,
+  I but the hart reuoluing what we must.
+
+Liue Saints, til we haue ript the wombe of _Spayne_,
+And wounded _Error_ in the armes of hell,
+Crushing the triple Myter in disdaine,
+Which on the seauenfold mounted Witch doth dwel,
+Angells rewards for such dissignes remaine,
+And on heauens face men shall your stories tell;
+  At this they shoute; as eager of the pray,
+  As Ants in winter of a sunne-shine day.
+
+Thus like triumphant _Cæsar_ drawne in Rome,
+By winged _Valure_, and vnconquered _Chaunce_,
+He plowes the Sea (ô were it made his tombe)
+Whilst _Happy-fortune_ pypes unto his daunce.
+Yet may thy power alternat heauens doome,
+So pleaseth thee thy forward will t'aduance,
+  And cheare the sinews of thy mighty arme,
+  Whose out-strecht force shall quell his proud alarme.
+
+Then giue newe fuell to his honours fier,
+Least slight regard wealth-winning _Error_ slay,
+And so old _Saturns_ happie world retyer,
+Making _Trueths_ dungion brighter than the day;
+Was neuer woe could wound thy kingdom nyer,
+Or of thy borrowed beautie make display,
+  Because this vow in heauens booke doth remaine,
+  That _Errors_ death shall consumate thy raigne.
+
+Now, for my god-heads remnant liues in thee,
+Whose lost successe breeds mine eternall end,
+Take for thine ayde, afflicting _Miserie_,
+_Woe_, mine attendant, and _Dispayre_ my freend,
+All three my greatest great _Triumuerie_,
+Blood bath'd _Carnifici_, which will protend
+  A murdring desolation to that will,
+  Which me in thee, and thee in mee would kill.
+
+Here, with her fixed Comet-blazing eyes,
+The damned _Augurs_ of vntimely death,
+Shee ends her tale, whilst from her harts caue flyes
+A storme of winds, no gentle sighing breath,
+All which, like euill spirits in disguise,
+Enter _Iberias_ eares, and to her sayth,
+  That all the substance of this damned storie,
+  Was zealous true, coyned for her _Spanish_ glorie.
+
+Sworne to beleeue, for ill, in ill assies,
+_Spayne_ then enamour'd with the _Romane_ trull,
+Calls all her forces, more then Atomies,
+And tells _Ill-fortunes_ storie to the full;
+Many Parenthises shee doth deuise,
+And frost-relenting words doth choycely cull,
+  Bewitching those whom oft shee had deceiued,
+  With such like Hemlock as her selfe receiued.
+
+The first and greatest one, commaunding all,
+The soule of mischiefes old created mother,
+Was _Don Alphonso Bassan_, proud in brall,
+The Marques _Sancta Cruces_ onely brother;
+Him shee coniures by typ's emperiall,
+And all that falshoods seeming trueth could couer,
+  To vndertake this hie (she termed it) act,
+  Which craues a curse of all that reads the fact.
+
+Her selfe (shee said) and all the flowers of _Spayne_,
+Should vnder his, as heauens Ensigne warre:
+Thus from her harts foule dunghill flyes amaine
+Grosse vapours, metamorphosd to a starre;
+Her words in fumes like prodogies retaine
+His hart, by her tongues witchcraft bound so farre,
+  And what shee will, that will hee vnder-take,
+  Be it to warre with heauen for her sake.
+
+The seeming Nectar of her poysoning speech,
+So well shee saw surprise his licoras sence,
+That for to reare her ill beyonds ills reach,
+With selfe-like tropes, decks self-like eloquence,
+Making in _Britain Dona_ such a breach,
+That her arm'd wits, conqu'ring his best wits sence,
+  He vowes with _Bassan_ to defende the broile,
+  Which men of praise, and earth of fame shal spoile.
+
+To him shee giues the _Biscaynnoys_ for guard,
+Mechanicall Artificers for death,
+And those which of affliction neuer hard,
+She tempers with the hammer of her breath:
+To euery act shee giues huge lyp-reward,
+Lauish of oathes, as falshood of her faith;
+  And for the ground of her pretended right,
+  T'is hate, which enuies vertue in a Knight.
+
+These two to her fast bound in vassailage,
+Vnto the Marques _Arumburch_ shee flyes,
+Him shee prouokes, him shee finds apt to rage,
+Imprisoning Pitties teares in flintie eyes;
+To him the power of _Siuill_ for a gage
+Shee doth bequeath; bidding his prowesse ryse,
+  And clense his Countries face from widowes tears,
+  To which he posts, like lightning from the sphears.
+
+Lastly, to make vp mischiefes perfect square,
+To _Luis Cutino_ shee takes her flight,
+Him shee commaunds, he to her homage sware
+To guide a Nauie to this damned fight,
+Of Hulks and Fly-boats such as durst to dare.
+Shee giues him soueraine rule, and publique right,
+  And then vniting all foure powers in one,
+  Sends them to sea, to calme _Misfortunes_ mone.
+
+And now behold (diuine for valiancie)
+Like flying Castells sayle they to this strand,
+Fiftie three saile, strong in artillarie;
+Best men of warre knowne in the _Spanish_ land;
+Fifteene Armados, Kings of soueraigntie,
+Which led the lesser with a mightie hand:
+  And these in foure battalions hither flie,
+  With whom three dayes I sailed in companie.
+
+Then gentle _Grinuile, Thetis_ parramoure,
+Dearer than _Venus_, Daughter of the flood,
+Set sailes to wind, let not neglect deuoure
+Thy gracious fortunes and thine Angell goode,
+Cut through the maine, compell thy keele to scoure,
+No man his ill too timelie hath with-stoode
+  And when _Best-chaunce_ shal haue repaird thy fortune,
+  Time for this flight may iust reuenge importune.
+
+Here _Midelton_ did end the passing peale
+Which gaue the warning to a dismall end,
+And as his words last knell began to faile,
+This damned Nauie did a glimmering send,
+By which _Sir Richard_ might their power reueale,
+Which seeming conquerlesse did conquests lend;
+  At whose appearance _Midelton_ did cry,
+  See where they come, for fame and pitty flie.
+
+This certaine story, of too certaine ill,
+Did not extinguish, but gaue honour fier,
+Th'amazing prodigie, (bane of my quill,)
+Bred not astonishment, but a strong desier,
+By which this heauen-adopted Knights strong will,
+Then hiest height of Fame, flew much more hier:
+  And from the boundlesse greatnes of his minde,
+  Sends back this answer through his lyps refin'd.
+
+Thanks hardie _Midelton_ for thy dilate,
+Perswasiue presage to auoyde my death,
+But if thou wed my fortunes with my state,
+This sauing health shall suffocate my breath,
+To flye from them that holds my God in hate,
+My Mistres, Countrey, me, and my sworne fayth,
+  Were to pull of the load from _Typhons_ back,
+  And crush my selfe, with shame and seruille wrack.
+
+Nor if my hart degenerate should yeeld,
+To entertaine an amorus thought of life,
+And so transport mine honour to the field,
+Where seeming valure dies by cowards knife,
+Yet zeale and conscience shall new forces build,
+And others soules, with my soule holdeth strife;
+  For halfe my men, and all that draw sound breath,
+  Are gone on shore, for foode to conquer death.
+
+If I forsake them, certaine is their end,
+If I obtaine them, doubtfull is our fall,
+Vpon my flight, shame and their sacks depend,
+Vpon my stay, hope of good hap doth call,
+Equall to me, the meanest I commend;
+Nor will I loose, but by the losse of all:
+  They are the sinewes of my life and fame,
+  Dismembred bodies perish cripple-lame.
+
+This sayd, he sends a cock-boate to the shore,
+To summon backe his men vnto their ship,
+Who com'd a board, began with some vprore
+To way their Anchors, and with care to dip
+Their hie reuolues in doubt, and euermore,
+To paint deaths visage with a trembling lip,
+  Till he that was all fearelesse, and feare slew,
+  With Nectard words from them all dangers drew.
+
+When _Midelton_ saw _Grinuills_ hie reuolue,
+Past hope, past thought, past reach of all aspire,
+Once more to moue him flie he doth resolue,
+And to that purpose tips his tongue with fier;
+Fier of sweete words, that easelie might dissolue
+And moisten flint, though steeld in stiffe attire,
+  Had not desier of wonder praise, and fame,
+  Extinkt the sparks, and still keepe dead the flame.
+
+Greater, and better then inarked he,
+Which in the worlds huge deluge did suruiue,
+O let thy wings of magnanimitie,
+Not vainlie flatter, _Honour_ to acchiue,
+Gainst all conceit impossibilitie,
+By which thou murderst _Vertue_, keepe aliue,
+  Nor in thy seeking of diuinitie,
+  Kill not heauens fame by base mortalitie.
+
+O _Grinuile_ thou hast red Philosophy
+Nature and Arte hath made thee excellent,
+And what thou read'st, hath grafted this in thee,
+That to attempt hie dangers euident
+Without constraint or neede, is infamie,
+And honor turnes to rashhes in th'euent:
+  And who so darrs, not caring how he darrs,
+  Sells vertues name, to purchase foolish starrs.
+
+Deere Knight, thou art not forst to hazard fame,
+Heauens haue lent thee meanes to scape thine ill,
+If thou abide, as true as is thy name,
+So truly shall thy fault, thy death fulfill:
+And as to loue the life for vertues flame,
+Is the iust act of a true noble will,
+  So to contemne it, and her helps exclude,
+  Is baseness, rashness, and no _Fortitude_.
+
+He that compard mans bodie to an hoast,
+Sayd that the hands were scouts, discouering harmes,
+The feete were horsemen, thundring on the coast,
+The brest, and stomacke, footmen, huge in swarmes.
+But for the head, in soueraigntie did boast,
+It Captayne was, director of alarms,
+  Whose rashness, if it hazarded an ill,
+  Not hee alone but all the hoast did spill.
+
+Rash _Isadas_, the _Lacedemon_ Lord,
+That naked fought against the _Theban_ power,
+Although they crown'd his valure by accord,
+Yet was hee find for rashness in that hower:
+And those which most his carelesse praise affoard,
+Did most condemne what follie did deuoure;
+  For in attempting, prowesse is not ment,
+  But wiselie doing what we doe attempt.
+
+Then sith t'is valure to abandon fight,
+And base to darre, where no hope is to winne,
+(Renowned man, of all renowne the light)
+Hoyst vp thy sailes, delay attrackts thy sinne,
+Flie from ill-boding starres with all thy might,
+Vnto thy hart let praise and pittie in.
+  This sayd, and more desirous much to crie,
+  Sir _Richard_ stayd him, with this rich replie.
+
+Captayne, I praise thy warlike eloquence,
+And sober Axioms of Philosophie,
+But now's no time for schoole points difference,
+When Deaths blacke Ensigne threatens miserie;
+Yet for thy words sound of such consequence.
+Making flight praise, and fight pale obloquie,
+  Once ere I die, Ile clense my wits from rust,
+  And proue my flying base, my stay most iust.
+
+Whence shall I flie? from refuge of my fame,
+From whom? euen from my Countreis mortall foe,
+Whither? but to the dungeon of my shame,
+Why shall I flie? for feare of happie woe,
+What end of flight? to saue vile life by blame,
+Who ist that flies? _Grinuile_? Captayne no,
+  T'is _England_ flies, faire Ile of happines,
+  And true diuine _Elizas_ holynes.
+
+Shall then my life regard taynt that choice faire?
+First will I perrish in this liquid round,
+Neuer shall Sunne-burnt _Spanyards_ tongue endeare
+_Iberian_ eares with what shall me confound,
+The life I haue, I for my Mistris beare,
+Curst were that life, should it her scepter wound,
+  And trebble cursed be that damned thought,
+  Which in my minde hath any fayntnes wrought.
+
+Now, for Philosophie defends thy theame,
+Euen selfe Philosophie shall arme my stile,
+Rich buskin'd _Seneca_, that did declaime,
+And first in _Rome_ our tragicke pompe compile,
+Saith, _Fortitude_ is that which in extreme
+And certaine hazard all base feares exile:
+  It guides, saith he, the noble minde from farre,
+  Through frost, and fier, to conquer honors warre.
+
+Honie-tongd _Tullie_, Mermaid of our eares,
+Affirmes no force, can force true _Fortitude_,
+It with our bodies, no communion beares,
+The soule and spyrit, sole doth it include;
+It is that part of honestie which reares
+The hart to heauen, and euer doth obtrude
+  Faint feare, and doubt, still taking his delight
+  In perrills, which exceed all perrills might.
+
+_Patience, Perseuerance, Greatnes_, and _Strong Trust_,
+These pages are to _Fortitude_ their King,
+_Patience_ that suffers, and esteemeth iust,
+What euer woe, for vertue fortunes bring;
+_Perseuerance_, holds constant what we must,
+_Greatnes_, that still effects the greatest thing.
+  And armed _Trust_, which neuer can dispaire,
+  But hopes good hap; how euer fatall deare.
+
+The Roman _Sergius_, hauing lost his hand,
+Slew with one hand foure in a single fight,
+A thing all reason euer did with-stand.
+But that bright _Fortitude_ spred forth her light
+_Pompey_, by storme held from _th' Italyan_ land,
+And all his sailors quaking in his sight,
+  First hoisted saile, and cry'd amidst the strife,
+  There's neede I goe, no neede to saue my life.
+
+_Agis_ that guilt the _Lacedemon_ streete,
+Intending one day battaile with his foes,
+By counsaile was repeld, as thing vnmeete,
+The enemie beeing ten to one in shoes;
+But he reply'd, Tis needful that his feete
+Which many leads, should leade to many bloes:
+  And one being good, an Armie is for ten
+  Foes to religion, and known naughty men.
+
+To him that told _Dienecus_, his foes
+Couer'd the Sun with darts and armed speares,
+Hee made reply, Thy newes is ioy in woes,
+Wee'le in the shadow fight, and conquer feares.
+And from the _Polands_ words my humor floes,
+I care for naught but falling of the Spheares.
+  Thunder affrights the Infants in the schooles,
+  And threatnings are the conquerors of fooles.
+
+As these, my case is not so desperate,
+And yet, then these, my darre shall be no lesse:
+If this in them, for fame was wondred at,
+Then this in mee, shall my desiers expresse;
+Neuer shall _Greece_, nor _Rome_, nor Heathen state,
+With shining honor, _Albions_ shine depresse,
+  Though their great circuits yeelds their acts large bounds,
+  Yet shall they neuer darr for deeper wounds.
+
+And thus resolu'd, deere _Midelton_ depart,
+Seeke for thy safetie in some better soyle,
+Thy stay will be no succour in my smart,
+Thy losse will make them boast of better spoyle.
+And be assur'd before my last breath part,
+Ile make the Sunne, for pittie backe recoyle.
+  And clothe the sea within a scarlet pale,
+  Iudge of their death which shall my life exhale.
+
+This ship which now intombs my iealous soule,
+Honestlie enuious of aspiring laude,
+Is cald _Reuenge_, the scourge which doth controule,
+The recreants that _Errors_ right applaud,
+Shall like her selfe, by name and fame enroule
+My spyrits acts, by no _Misfortune_ aw'd,
+  Within eternall Bookes of happie deeds,
+  Vpon whose notes, immortall Vertue reeds,
+
+Say, if I perish, t'was mine honours will,
+My Countries loue, religion, and my Queene,
+And if that enuie glorie in mine ill,
+Say that I dyed, conqu'ring, vnconquered seene.
+Say fiftie three strong shyps could not fulfill,
+Gainst one poore mayden vessell their foule teene,
+  But that in spight of death, or miserie,
+  She fought, and foyled, and scapt captiuitie.
+
+Replie not _Midelton_, mine eares are clos'd,
+Hie in heauen's for-head are my vowes ingrau'd,
+I see the banefull Nauie nowt disclosed,
+Begon betime, Fate hath thy fortune sau'd;
+To me good starres were neuer yet opposed,
+Glorie hath crownd me when I glorie crau'd,
+  Farwel, and say how euer be my chaunce,
+  My death at honours wedding learnt to daunce.
+
+This sayd, away sailes Midelton with speede,
+Sad, heauie, dull, and most disconsolate,
+Shedding stout manlie teares at valures deed,
+Greeuing the ruine of so great estate;
+But _Grinuile_, whose hope euer did exceede,
+Making all death in daungers fortunate,
+  Gan to prouide to quell this great vprore,
+  Then which the like was neuer heard before.
+
+His fights set vp; and all things fit prepard,
+Low on the ballast did he couch his sick,
+Being fourscoore ten, in Deaths pale mantle snar'd,[4]
+Whose want to war did most their strong harts prick.
+The hundred, whose more sounder breaths declard,
+Their soules to enter Deaths gates should not stick,
+  Hee with diuine words of immortall glorie,
+  Makes them the wondred actors of this storie.
+
+Nothing he left vnsaid that tongue could say,
+To breede contempt of death, or hate of thrall,
+Honours reward, fame for a famous day,
+Wonder of eares, that men halfe gods shall call:
+And contrarie, a hopelesse certaine way,
+Into a Tyrants damned fists to fall,
+  Where all defame, base thoughts, and infamie,
+  Shall crowne with shame their heads eternally.
+
+In this great thunder of his valiant speech,
+From whence the eares-eyes honors lightning felt,
+The _Spanish_ Nauie came within the reach
+Of Cannon shot, which equallie was delt
+On eyther side, each other to impeach;
+Whose volleys made the pittying skyes to melt,
+  Yet with their noyse, in _Grinuiles_ heart did frame,
+  Greater desier, to conquer greater fame.
+
+And now the sunne was past his middle way,
+Leaning more louely to his Lemans bed,
+And the noones third hower had attacht the day,
+When fiftie three gainst one were basely led;
+All harts were fierd; and now the deadlie fray,
+Began tumultuouslie to ouer-spread.
+  The sea with fier, the Element with smoake
+  Which gods, and monsters from their sleep awoake.
+
+In foure great battailes marcht the _Spanish_ hoast,
+The first of _Siuill_, led in two great squares,
+Both which with courage, more then can be most,
+Sir _Richard_ forst to giue him way with cares;
+And as the Sea-men terme it in our coast,
+They sprang their luffe, and vnder lee declares,
+  Their manie forces feebled by this one,
+  Whose thoughts, saue him, are rightly due to none.
+
+And now he stands amidst the thickest throngs,
+Walld round with wooden Castels on the waue,
+Fiftie three Tygers greedie in their wrongs,
+Besiedge the princelie Lion in his caue:
+Nothing sees _Grinuile_ which to hope belongs,
+All things are fled that any hap could saue;
+  Bright day is darkned by incurtaind night,
+  And nothing visits them but Canons light.
+
+Then vp to heauen he lifts his loftie hart,
+And cryes, old _Salon_, I am happy made.
+All earthlie thoughts cleane from his spirits part,
+_Vertue_ and _Valure_ all his sences lade,
+His foes too fewe, too strong he holds his part,
+Now doth he wish for millions to inuade,
+  For beeing conqueror he would conquer all,
+  Or conquered, with immortall honour fall.
+
+Neuer fell hayle thicker then bullets flew,
+Neuer show'rd drops faster than showring blowes,
+Liu'd all the _Woorthees_, all yet neuer knew
+So great resolue in so great certaine woes;
+Had _Fame_ told _Cæsar_ what of this was true,
+His Senate-murdred spirite would haue rose,
+  And with faire honors enuie wondred then,
+  Cursing mortalitie in mightie men.
+
+Whilst thus affliction turmoyld in this brall,
+And _Grinuile_ still imployed his Actor death,
+The great _San-philip_, which all _Spayne_ did call
+Th' vnuanquisht ship, _Iberias_ soule and faith,
+Whose mountaine hugenes more was tearmed then tall,
+Being twice a thousand tuns as rumour saith,
+  Came rushing in, becalming _Grinuiles_ sailes,
+  Whose courage grew, the more his fortunes failes.
+
+Hotlie on eyther side was lightning sent,
+And steeled thunder bolts dinge men to hell,
+Vnweldie _Phillip_, backt with millions lent,
+Worse cracks of thunder then on _Phaeton_ fell,
+That with the dayes fier fiered the Element;
+And why? because within her ribs did dwell,
+  More store of shot and great artillarie,
+  Then might haue seru'd the worlds great victorie.
+
+Three tire of Cannon lodg'd on eyther side,
+And in each tire, eleuen stronglie lay,
+Eyght in her chase, that shot forth right did bide,
+And in her sterne, twice eight that howerlie play;
+Shee lesse great shot, in infinets did hide,
+All which were Agents for a dismall day.
+  But poore _Reuenge_, lesse rich, and not so great,
+  Aunswered her cuffe for cuffe, and threat for threat.
+
+Anon they graple eyther to the other,
+And doth the ban-dogge with the Martins skinne;
+And then the wombe of _Phillip_ did vncouer,
+Eight hundred Souldiers, which the fight beginne:
+These board Sir _Richard_, and with thronging smother
+The daye, the ayre, the time, and neuer linne,
+  But by their entrance did instruct eight more,
+  To doe the like, on each side foure and foure.
+
+Thus in one moment was our Knight assaild,
+With one huge _Argosie_, and eight great ships,
+But all in vaine, their powers naught prevaild,
+For the _Reuenge_, her Canon loud-dogs slips,
+Whose bruzing teeth, so much the _Phillip_ quaild,
+That foundring in the greedie maine, he dips
+  His damned bodie in his watrie tombe,
+  Wrapt with dishonour in the Oceans wombe.
+
+The other eight, fighting, were likewise foild,
+And driuen perforce vnto a vile retraite,
+None durst abide, but all with shame recoild,
+Whilst _Valures_ selfe, set _Grinuile_ in her seate;
+Onely _Don Luis Saint Iohn_, seeing spoild,
+His Countries honour by this strange defaite,
+  Single encountred _Grinuile_ in the fight,
+  Who quicklie sent his soule to endlesse night.
+
+_George de Prunaria_, a Spanish Knight,
+Euer held valiant in dispight of fate,
+Seconded _Luis_, and with mortall might,
+Writ on Sir _Richards_ target souldiers hate,
+Till _Grinuile_ wakned with his loud rung fight,
+Dispatcht his soules course vnto _Plutos_ gate:
+  And after these two, sent in post all those
+  Which came within his mercie or his blowes.
+
+By this, the sunne had spread his golden locks,
+Vpon the pale green carpet of the sea,
+And opned wide the scarlet dore which locks
+The easefull euening from the labouring day;
+Now Night began to leape from iron Rocks,
+And whip her rustie wagon through the way,
+  Whilst all the _Spanish_ host stoode maz'd in sight,
+  None darring to assayle a second fight.
+
+When _Don Alfonso_, Generall of the warre,
+Saw all his Nauie with one ship controld,
+He toare his hayre, and loudlie cryd from farre,
+For honour _Spanyards_, and for shame be bold;
+Awaken Vertue, say her slumbers marre
+_Iberias_ auncient valure, and infold
+  Her wondred puissance, and her glorious deeds,
+  In cowards habit, and ignoble weeds.
+
+Fie, that the spyrit of a single man,
+Should contradict innumerable wills,
+Fie, that infinitiues of forces can,
+Nor may effect what one conceit fulfills;
+Woe to the wombe, ceaselesse the teats I ban,
+That cherrisht life, which all our liues ioyes kills;
+  Woe to our selues, our fortunes, and our minds,
+  Agast and scarrd, with whistling of the winds.
+
+See how he triumphes in dispight of death,
+_Promethean_ like, laden with liuing fier,
+And in his glorie spits disdainfull breath,
+Loathing the baseness of our backe retire;
+Euen now me thinke in our disgrace he saith,
+Foes to your fames, why make you Fate a lyer,
+  When heauen and she haue giuen into your hand,
+  What all the world can neuer back demand?
+
+Say that the God of _Warre_; Father of Chiualrie,
+The _Worthies_, _Heroes_, all fam'd Conquerours,
+_Centaurs_, _Gyants_, victorious _Victorie_,
+Were all this _Grinuils_ hart-sworne paramours.
+Yet should we fightlesse let our shyps force flie:
+Well might we crush his keele with rocklike powers,
+  And him with them ore-whelme into the maine,
+  Courage then harts, fetch honour backe againe.
+
+Heere shame, the fretting canker of the mind,
+That fiers the face with fuell from the hart,
+Fearing his weapons weakenes, eft assigned
+To desperate hardines his confounding dart,
+And now the _Spanyards_ made through words stone blind,
+Desperate by shame, ashamd dispaire should part,
+  Like damned scritchowles, chimes to dead mens hours,
+  Make vowes to fight, till fight all liues deuours.
+
+And now the tragicke sceane of death begins,
+Acts of the night, deeds of the ouglie darke,
+When Furies brands gaue light to furious sins,
+And gastlie silence gaping wounds did marke;
+Sing sadlie then my Muse (teares pittie wins)
+Yet mount thy wings beyond the mornings Larke,
+  And wanting thunder, with thy lightnings might,
+  Split cares that heares the dole of this sad night.
+
+The fier of _Spaynes_ pride, quencht by _Grinuils_ sword,
+_Alfonso_ rekindles with his tong,
+And sets a batelesse edge, ground by his word
+Vpon their blunt harts feebled by the strong,
+Loe animated now, they all accord,
+To die, or ende deaths conflict held so long;
+  And thus resolud, too greedelie assay
+  His death, like hounds that hold the Hart at bay.
+
+Blacker then night, more terrible then hell,
+Louder then thunder, sharper then _Phoebus_ steele,
+Vnder whose wounds the ouglie _Python_ fell,
+Were bullets mantles, clowding the haplesse keele,
+The slaughtered cryes, the words the cannons tell,
+And those which make euen rocky Mountaines reele,
+  And thicker then in sunne are Atomies,
+  Flew bullets, fier, and slaughtered dead mens cries.
+
+At this remorsles Dirgie for the dead,
+The siluer Moone, dread Soueraigne of the Deepe,
+That with the floods fills vp her horned head
+And by her waine the wayning ebbs doth keepe:
+Taught by the Fat's how destenie was led,
+Bidds all the starres pull in their beames and weepe:
+  For twas vnfit, chast hallowed eyes should see
+  Honour confounded by impietie.
+
+Then to the night she giues all soueraigne power,
+Th'eternall mourner for the dayes diuorce,
+Who drowned in her owne harts killing shower,
+Viewes others torments with a sad remorse.
+This flintie Princesse, ayme cryes to the hower,
+On which to looke, kinde eies no force could force.
+  And yet the sight her dull hart so offended,
+  That from her sight a fogge dewe descended.
+
+Now on our Knight, raines yron, sword, and fiers,
+Iron wrapt in smoke, sword bath'd in smoking blood,
+Fiers, furies king, in blood and smoke aspires
+The consumation of all liuing good,
+Yet _Grinuile_, with like Agents like expires
+His foemen's darts, and euermore withstood
+  Th'assaults of death, and ruins of the warre,
+  Hoping the splendour of some luckie starre.
+
+On eyther side him, still two _Gallions_ lay,
+Which with continuall boardings nurst the fight,
+Two great _Armados_, howrelie ploy'd their way,
+And by assaulte, made knowne repellesse might.
+Those which could not come neere vnto the fray,
+Aloose dicharg'd their volleys gainst our Knight.
+  And when that one shrunk back, beat with disgrace,
+  An other instantly supply'd the place.
+
+So that their resting, restlesse him containd,
+And theyr supplies, deny'd him to supply:
+The _Hydra_ of their mightines ordaind
+New spoile for death, when old did wounded lie:
+But hee, _Herculian_-like one state retaind,
+One to triumph, or one for all to die.
+  Heauen had onelie lent him but one hart,
+  That hart one thought, that thought no feare of smart.
+
+And now the night grew neere her middle line,
+Youthfully lustie in her strongest age,
+When one of _Spaynes_ great _Gallions_ did repine,
+That one should many vnto death ingage,
+And therefore with her force, halfe held diuine,
+At once euaporates her mortall rage,
+  Till powerfull _Grinuille_, yeelding power a toombe
+  Splyt her, & sunck her in the salt waves wombe.
+
+When _Cutino_, the Hulks great Admirall,
+Saw that huge Vessel drencht within the surge,
+Enuie and shame tyered vpon his gall,
+And for reuenge a thousand meanes doth vrge;
+But _Grinuile_, perfect in destructions fall,
+His mischiefes with like miseries doth scourge,
+  And renting with a shot his wooden tower,
+  Made _Neptunes_ liquid armes his all deuouer.
+
+These two ore-whelm'd, _Siuills Ascension_ came,
+A famous ship, well man'd and strongly drest,
+_Vindicta_ from her Cannons mouthes doth flame,
+And more then any, our dread Knight oppresst:
+Much hurt shee did, many shee wounded lame,
+And _Valurs_ selfe, her valiant acts confest.
+  Yet in the end, (for warre of none takes keepe)
+  _Grinuile_ sunck her within the watry deepe.
+
+An other great _Armado_, brusd and beat,
+Sunck neere _S. Michaels_ road, with thought to scape,
+And one that by her men more choicely set,
+Beeing craz'd and widow'd of her comly shape,
+Ran gainst the shore, to pay _Ill-chaunce_ her debt,
+Who desolate for desolations gape:
+  Yet these confounded, were not mist at all.
+  For new supplies made new the aged brall.
+
+This while on _Grinuile_ ceazed no amaze.
+No wonder, dread, nor base astonishment,
+But true resolue, and valurs sacred blaze,
+The crowne of heauen, and starrie ornament
+Deck't his diuine part, and from thence did raze
+Affects of earth, or earth's intendiment.
+  And in this broyle, as cheerefull was his fight,
+  As _Ioues_, embracing _Danae_ by night.
+
+Looke how a wanton Bridegroome in the morne,
+Busilie labours to make glad the day,
+And at the noone, with wings of courage borne,
+Recourts his bride with dauncing and with play,
+Vntil the night which holds meane bliss in scorne,
+By action kills imaginations sway,
+  And then, euen then, gluts and confounds his thought,
+  With all the sweets, conceit or Nature wrought,
+
+Euen so our Knight the bridegroome vnto _Fame_,
+Toild in his battailes morning with vnrest,
+At noone triumph'd and daunst, and made his game,
+That vertue by no death could be deprest;
+But when the night of his loues longings came,
+Euen then his intellectuall soule confest
+  All other ioyes imaginarie were
+  Honour vnconquerd, heauen and earth held deare.
+
+The bellowing shotte which wakened dead mens swounds,
+As _Dorian_ musick, sweetned his cares,
+Ryuers of blood, issuing from fountaine wounds,
+Hee pytties, but augments not with his teares,
+The flaming fier which mercilesse abounds,
+Hee not so much as masking torches feares,
+  The dolefull Eccho of the soules halfe dying,
+  Quicken his courage in their banefull crying.
+
+When foule _Misfortune_ houering on a Rock,
+(The stonie girdle of the _Florean_ Ile,)
+Had seene this conflict, and the fearfull shock,
+Which all the _Spanish_ mischiefes did compile,
+And saw how conquest licklie was to mock
+The hope of _Spayne_, and fauster her exile,
+  Immortall shee, came downe herselfe to fight,
+  And doe what else no mortall creature might.
+
+And as she flew the midnights waking starre,
+Sad _Cassiopea_ with a heauie cheare,
+Pusht forth her forehead, to make known from farre,
+What time the dryrie dole of earth drew neare,
+But when shee saw _Misfortune_ arm'd in warre,
+With teares she blinds her eyes, and clouds the ayre,
+  And asks the Gods, why _Fortune_ fights with man?
+  They say, to doe, what else no creature can.
+
+O why should such immortall enuie dwell,
+In the enclosures of eternall mould?
+Let Gods with Gods, and men with men retell,
+Vnequall warres t'vnequall shame is sould;
+But for this damned deede came shee from hell,
+And _Ioue_ is sworne, to doe what dest'nie would,
+  Weepe then my pen, the tell-tale of our woe,
+  And curse the fount from whence our sorrows flow.
+
+Now, now, _Misfortune_ fronts our Knight in armes,
+And casts her venome through the _Spanysh_ hoast,
+Shee salues the dead, and all the lyuing warmes
+With vitall enuie, brought from _Plutos_ coast;
+Yet all in vaine, all works not _Grinuils_ harmes;
+Which seene, shee smiles, and yet with rage imbost[5]
+  Saith to her selfe, since men are all too weake,
+  Behold a goddesse shall thy lifes twine breake.
+
+With that shee takes a Musket in her hand,
+Raft from a dying Souldiour newlie slaine,
+And ayming where th' vnconquered Knight did stand,
+Dischargd it through his bodie, and in twaine
+Deuids the euer holie nuptiall band,
+Which twixt his soule, and worlds part shold remaine,
+  Had not his hart, stronger then _Fortunes_ will,
+  Held life perforce to scorne _Misfortunes_ ill.
+
+The bubling wound from whence his blood distild,
+Mourn'd to let fall the hallowed drops to ground,
+And like a iealous loue by riuall illd,
+Sucks in the sacred moisture through the wound;
+But he, which felt deaths fatall doome fulfilld,
+Grew fiercer valiant, and did all confound,
+  Was not a _Spanyard_ durst abord him rest,
+  After he felt his deaths wound in his brest.
+
+Hundreds on hundreds, dead on the maymed fall,
+Maymed on sounde, sound in them selues lye slaine,
+Blest was the first that to his ship could crall,
+For wounded, he wounds multituds againe;
+No sacrifice, but sacrifice of all,
+Could stay his swords oblations vnto paine,
+  Nor in _Phillipie_, fell for _Cæsars_ death,
+  Soules thicker then for _Grinuils_ wasting breath.
+
+The _Nemian_ Lyon, _Aramanthian_ Bore,
+The _Hircanian_ Tyger, nor the _Cholcean_ Bulls,
+Neuer extended rage with such vprore,
+Nor in their brests mad monstrous furie lulls;
+Now might they learne, that euer learnt before,
+Wrath at our Knight, which all wrath disanulls,
+  For slauish death, his hands commaunded more,
+  Then Lyon, Tyger, Bull, or angrie Bore.
+
+Had _Pompey_ in _Pharsalia_ held his thought,
+_Cæsar_ had neuer wept vpon his head,
+Had _Anthonie_ at _Actiome_ like him fought,
+_Augustus_ teares had neuer drowned him dead,
+Had braue _Renaldo_, _Grinuiles_ puissance bought,
+_Angelica_ from France had neuer fled,
+  Nor madded _Rowland_ with inconstancie,
+  But rather slayne him wanting victorie.
+
+Before a storme flewe neuer Doues so fast,
+As _Spanyards_ from the furie of his fist,
+The stout _Reuenge_, about whose forlorne wast,
+Whilome so many in their moods persist,
+Now all alone, none but the scourge imbrast,
+Her foes from handie combats cleane desist;
+  Yet still incirkling her within their powers,
+  From farre sent shot, as thick as winters showers.
+
+_Anger_, _and Enuie_, enemies to _Life_,
+Strong smouldering _Heate_ and noisom stink of _Smoke_,
+With over-labouring _Toyle_, _Deaths_ ouglie wife,
+These all accord with _Grinuiles_ wounded stroke,
+To end his liues date by their ciuell strife,
+And him vnto a blessed state inyoke,
+  But he repelld them whilst repell he might,
+  Till feinting power, was tane from power to fight
+
+Then downe he sat, and beat his manlie brest,
+Not mourning death, but want of meanes to die;
+Those which suruiu'd coragiouslie be blest,
+Making them gods for god-like victorie;
+Not full twice twentie soules aliue did rest,
+Of which the most were mangled cruellie,
+  Yet still, whilst words could speake, or signes could show,
+  From death he maks eternall life to grow.
+
+The Maister-gunner, which beheld his eyes
+Dart fier gainst death triumphant in his face,
+Came to sustaine him, and with courage cryes,
+How fares my Knight? worlds glory, martiall grace?
+Thine honour, former honours ouer-flyes,
+And vnto _Heauen_ and _Vertue_ bids the bace;
+  Cheere then thy soule, and if deaths wounding pain it,
+  _Abram's_ faire bosome lyes to entertaine it.
+
+Maister, he sayes, euen heers the opned dore,
+Through which my spirit bridgroome like must ride,
+(And then he bar'd his wounded brest all gore)
+To court the blessed virgine Lambe his bride,
+Whose innocence the worlds afflictions bore,
+Streaming diuine blood from his sliced side,
+  And to that heauen my soule with courage flyes,
+  Because vnconquered, conquering it dyes.
+
+But yet, replyed the Maister once againe,
+Great vertue of our vertues, strive with fate,
+Yeeld not a minute vnto death, retaine
+Life like thy glory, made to wonder at.
+This wounds recouerie well may entertaine
+A double triumph to thy conquering state,
+  And make thee liue immortall Angell blest,
+  Pleaseth thee suffer it be searcht and drest.
+
+Descend then gentle _Grinvile_ downe below,
+Into my Cabin for a breathing space,
+In thee there let thy Surgion stanch our woe,
+Giuing recuer to thee, our wounded case,
+Our breaths, from thy breaths fountaine gently flow,
+If it be dried, our currents loose their grace:
+  Then both for vs, and thee, and for the best,
+  Descend, to haue thy wound bound vp and drest.
+
+Maister, reply'd the Knight, since last the sunne
+Lookt from the hiest period of the sky,
+Giuing a signall of the dayes mid noone,
+Vnto this hower of midnight, valiantly,
+From off this vpper deck I haue not runne,
+But fought, and freed, and welcomd victorie,
+  Then now to giue new couert to mine head,
+  Were to reuiue our foes halfe conquered.
+
+Thus with contrarie arguments they warre,
+Diuers in their opinions and their speech,
+One seeking means, th' other a will to darre;
+Yet both one end, and one desire reach:
+Both to keepe honour liuing, plyant are,
+Hee by his fame, and he by skilfull leach,
+  At length, the Maister winnes, and hath procurd
+  The Knight discend, to have his woundings curd.
+
+Downe when he was, and had display'd the port
+Through which his life was martching vp to heauen,
+Albe the mortall taint all cuers retort,
+Yet was his Surgion not of hope bereuen,
+But giues him valiant speech of lifes resort,
+Saves, longer dayes his longer fame shall euen,
+  And for the meanes of his recouerie,
+  He finds both arte and possibilitie.
+
+_Misfortune_ hearing this presage of life,
+(For what but chimes within immortall eares)
+Within her selfe kindles a home-bred strife,
+And for those words the Surgions doomes day swears.
+With that, her charg'd peece (_Atropos_ keene knife,)
+Againe she takes, and leueld with dispairs,
+  Sent a shrill bullet through the Surgions head,
+  Which thence, through _Grinuils_ temples like was led.
+
+Downe fell the Surgion, hope and helpe was reft,
+His death gaue manumition to his soule,
+_Misfortune_ smyld, and euen then shee left
+The mournfull Ocean, mourner for this dole;
+Away shee flyes, for all was now bereft,
+Both hopes and helpe, for life to win deaths gole;
+  Yet _Grinuile_ vnamaz'd with constant faith,
+  Laughing dispisd the second stroke of death.
+
+What foole (saith he) ads to the Sea a drop,
+Lends _Etna_ sparks, or angry stormes his wind?
+Who burnes the root when lightning fiers the top?
+Who vnto hell, can worse then hell combind?
+Pale hungry Death, thy greedy longings stop,
+Hope of long life is banefull to my mind:
+  Yet hate not life, but loath captiuitie,
+  Where rests no trust to purchase victorie.
+
+Then vp he came with feeble pace againe,
+Strength from his blood, blood from his wounds descending,
+Saies, here I liu'd, and here wil I sustaine,
+The worst of Deaths worst, by my fame defending,
+And then he fell to warre with might and maine,
+Valure on death most valiantly depending,
+  And thus continued aye coragiously,
+  Vntil the day chast shadowes from the sky.
+
+But when the mornings dewie locks drunk vp
+A mistie moysture from the Oceans face,
+Then might he see the source of sorrowes cup,
+Plainly prefigured in that hatefull place;
+And all the miseries that mortals sup
+From their great Grandsire _Adams_ band, disgrace;
+  For all that did incircle him, was his foe,
+  And that incircled, modell of true woe.
+
+His masts were broken, and his tackle torne,
+His vpper worke hew'd downe into the Sea,
+Naught of his ship aboue the sourge was borne,
+But euen leueld with the Ocean lay,
+Onely the ships foundation (yet that worne)
+Remaind a trophey in that mighty fray;
+  Nothing at all aboue the head remained,
+  Either for couert, or that force maintained.
+
+Powder for shot, was spent and wasted cleane,
+Scarce seene a corne to charge a peece withall,
+All her pykes broken, halfe of his best men slaine,
+The rest sore wounded, on Deaths Agents call,
+On th'other side, her foe in ranks remains,
+Displaying multitudes, and store of all
+  What euer might auaile for victorie,
+  Had they not wanted harts true valiancie.
+
+When _Grinuile_ saw his desperate drierie case,
+Meerely dispoyled of all success-full thought,
+Hee calls before him all within the place,
+The Maister, Maister-gunner, and them taught
+Rules of true hardiment to purchase grace;
+Showes them the end their trauailes toile had bought,
+  How sweet it is, swift _Fame_ to ouer-goe,
+  How vile to diue in captiue ouerthrow.
+
+Gallants (he saith) since three a clock last noone,
+Vntill this morning, fifteene howers by course,
+We haue maintaind stoute warre, and still vndoone
+Our foes assaults, and driue them to the worse,
+Fifteene _Armados_ boardings haue not wonne
+Content or ease, but beene repeld by force,
+  Eight hundred Cannon shot against her side,
+  Haue not our harts in coward colours died.
+
+Not fifteene thousand men araungd in fight,
+And fifteene howers lent them to atchiue,
+With fifty three great ships of boundlesse might,
+Haue had or meanes or prowesse to contriue
+The fall of one, which mayden vertue dight,
+Kept in despight of _Spanish_ force aliue.
+  Then list to mee you imps of memorie,
+  Borne to assume to immortalitie.
+
+Sith loosing, we vnlost keepe strong our praise,
+And make our glories, gaynours by our ends,
+Let not the hope of howers (for tedious dayes
+Vnto our lines no longer circuite lends)
+Confound our wondred actions and assayes,
+Whereon the sweete of mortal eares depends,
+  But as we liue by wills victorious,
+  So let vs die victours of them and vs.
+
+Wee that haue mercilesse cut Mercies wings,
+And muffeld pittie in deaths mistie vale,
+Let vs implore no mercie; pittyings,
+But from our God, deere fauour to exhale
+Our soules to heauen, where all the Angells rings
+Renowne of vs, and our deepe tragick tale;
+  Let us that cannot liue, yet liue to dye,
+  Vnthrald by men, fit tropheys for the skye.
+
+And thus resolu'd since other meane is reft,
+Sweet Maister-gunner, split our keele in twaine,
+We cannot liue, whom hope of life hath left,
+Dying, our deaths more glorious liues retain,
+Let not our ship, of shame and foile bereft,
+Vnto our foe-men for a prize remaine;
+  Sinke her, and sinking with the _Greeke_ wee'le cry,
+  Best not to be, or beeing soone to dye.
+
+Scarce had his words tane wings from his deere tong,
+But the stout Maister-gunner, euer rich
+In heauenlie valure and repulsing wrong,
+Proud that his hands by action might inritch
+His name and nation with a worthie song,
+Tow'rd his hart higher then Eagles pitch,
+  And instantlie indeuours to effect
+  _Grinuils_ desier, by ending Deaths defect.
+
+But th' other Maister, and the other Mat's,
+Disented from the honour of their minds,
+And humbly praid the Knight to rue their stat's,
+Whom miserie to no such mischiefe binds;
+To him th' aleadge great reasons, and dilat's
+Their foes amazements, whom their valures blinds,
+  And maks more eager t'entertaine a truce,
+  Then they to offer words for warres excuse.
+
+They show him diuers gallant men of might,
+Whose wounds not mortall, hope gaue of recuer,
+For their saks sue they to diuorce this night
+Of desperate chaunce, calld vnto Deaths black lure,
+Their lengthened liues, their countries care might right,
+And to their Prince they might good hopes assure.
+  Then quod the Captaine, (deare Knight) do not spill,
+  The liues whom gods and Fat's seeke not to kill.
+
+And where thou sayst the _Spanyards_ shall not braue
+T' haue tane one ship due to our virgin Queene,
+O knowe, that they, nor all the world can saue,
+This wounded Barke, whose like no age hath seene,
+Sixe foote shee leaks in hold, three shot beneath the waue,
+All whose repaire so insufficient beene,
+  That when the Sea shall angrie worke begin,
+  She cannot chuse but sinke and dye therein.
+
+Besides, the wounds and brusings which she beares,
+Are such, so manie, so incurable,
+As to remoue her from this place of feares.
+No force, no wit, no meane, nor man is able;
+Then since that peace prostrate to vs repaires,
+Vnlesse our selues, our selues make miserable,
+  _Herculeen_ Knight, for pittie, pittie lend,
+  No fame consists in wilfull desperat end.
+
+These words with emphasis and action spent,
+Mou'd not Sir _Richard_, but inrag'd him more,
+To bow or yeeld, his heart would neare relent,
+He still impugns all thought of lifes restore;
+The Maister-gunner euer doth consent
+To act his wish, swearing, in beds of gore
+  Death is most louelie, sweete and amiable,
+  But captiu'd life for foulenes admirable.
+
+The Captayne, seeing words could take no place,
+Turnes backe from them vnto the liuing few,
+Expounds what pittie is, what victors grace;
+Bids them them selues, them selues in kindnes rew,
+Peace if they please, will kindlie them imbrace,
+And they may liue, from whom warres glory grew;
+  But if they will to desperate end consent,
+  Their guilty soules too late shall mourne repent.
+
+The sillie men, who sought but liuing ioyes,
+Cryes to the Captaine for an honord truce,
+Life they desire, yet no life that destroyes
+Their wonne renownes, but such as might excuse
+Their woes, their wounds, and al what els anoyes
+Beautie of laude, for other they refuse;
+  All which the Captaine swears they shal obtaine,
+  Because their foes, in doubtfull states remaine.
+
+O when Sir _Richard_ saw them start aside,
+More chaynd to life then to a glorius graue,
+And those whom hee so oft in dangers tryde,
+Now trembling seeke their hatefull liues to saue.
+Sorrow and rage, shame, and his honors pride,
+Choking his soule, madly compeld him raue,
+  Vntil his rage with vigor did confound
+  His heauie hart; and left him in a swound.
+
+The Maister-gunner, likewise seeing Fate
+Bridle his fortune, and his will to die,
+With his sharpe sword sought to set ope the gate,
+By which his soule might from his bodie flie,
+Had not his freends perforce preseru'd his state,
+And lockt him in his Cabbin safe to lie,
+  Whilst others swarm'd where haplesse _Grinuile_ lay,
+  By cryes recalling life, late runne away.
+
+In this too restlesse turmoile of vnrest,
+The poore _Reuenges_ Maister stole awaye,
+And to the _Spanish_ Admirall adrest
+The dolefull tidings of this mournfull day,
+(The _Spanish_ Admirall who then oprest,
+Houering with doubt, not daring t'end the fray,)
+  And pleads for truce, with souldier-like submission
+  Anexing to his words a straight condition.
+
+_Alfonso_, willing to giue end to armes,
+For well he knew _Grinuile_ would neuer yeild,
+Able his power stoode like vnnumbred swarmes,
+Yet daring not on stricter tearmes to build,
+He offers all what may alay their harmes
+Safetie of liues, nor any thrall to weild,
+  Free from the Gallie, prisonment, or paine,
+  And safe returne vnto their soyle againe
+
+To this he yeelds, as well for his own sake,
+Whom desperate hazard might indamage sore,
+As for desier the famous Knight to take,
+Whom in his hart he seemed to deplore,
+And for his valure halfe a God did make,
+Extolling him all other men before,
+  Admiring with an honourable hart,
+  His valure, wisdome, and his Souldiours Art.
+
+With peacefull newes the Maister backe returns,
+And rings it in the liuing remnants eares,
+They all reioyce, but _Grinuile_ deadly mourns,
+He frets, he sighs, he sorrowes and despaires,
+Hee cryes, this truce, their fame and blisse adiourns,
+He rents his locks, and all his garments teares,
+  He vowes his hands shall rent the ship in twaine
+  Rather then he will _Spanish_ yoke sustaine.
+
+The few reseru'd, that life esteem'd too well,
+Knowing his words were warrants for his deede,
+Vnkindly left him in that monstrous hell,
+And fled vnto _Alfonso_ with greate speede,
+To him their Chieftaines mightines they tell,
+And how much valure on his soule doth feede,
+  That if preuention, not his actions dim,
+  Twill be too late to saue the shyp or him.
+
+_Bassan_ made proude, vnconquering t'ouer-come,
+Swore the brave Knight nor ship he would not lose,
+Should all the world in a petition come:
+And therefore of his gallants, fortie chose
+To board Sir _Richard_, charging them be dombe
+From threatning words, from anger, and from bloes,
+  But with all kindnes, honor, and admire
+  To bring him thence, to further _Fames_ desire.
+
+Sooner they boarded not the crazed Barke,
+But they beheld where speechlesse _Grinuile_ lay,
+All smeard in blood, and clouded in the darke,
+Contagious curtaine of Deaths tragick day;
+They wept for pittie, and yet silent marke
+Whether his lungs sent liuing breath away,
+  Which when they sawe in ayrie blasts to flie,
+  They striu'd who first should stanch his misery.
+
+Anon came life, and lift his eye-lids vp,
+Whilst they with teares denounce their Generals wil,
+Whose honord mind sought to retort the cup
+Of deaths sad poyson, well instruckt to kill;
+Tells him what fame and grace his eyes might sup
+From _Bassans_ kindnes, and his Surgions skill,
+  Both how he lou'd him, and admir'd his fame,
+  To which he sought to lend a liuing flame.
+
+Aye mee (quoth _Grinuile_) simple men, I know
+My bodie to your Generall is a pray,
+Take it, and as you please my lyms bestow,
+For I respect it not, tis earth and clay:
+But for my minde that mightier much doth grow,
+To heauen it shall, despight of _Spanish_ sway.
+  He swounded, and did neuer speake againe.
+  This said, orecome with anguish and with paine,
+
+They took him vp, and to theyr Generall brought
+His mangled carkasse, but vnmaimed minde,
+Three dayes hee breath'd, yet neuer spake he ought,
+Albe his foes were humble, sad, and kinde;
+The fourth came downe the Lambe that all souls bot,
+And his pure part, from worser parts refind,
+  Bearing his spirite vp to the loftie skyes,
+  Leauing his body, wonder to wonders eyes.
+
+When _Bassan_ saw the Angell-spirite fled,
+Which lent a mortall frame immortall thought,
+With pittie, griefe, and admiration led,
+He mournfully complaind what Fat's had wrought.
+Woe me (he cryes) but now aliue, now dead,
+But now inuincible, now captiue brought:
+In this, vniust are Fat's, and Death declared,
+That mighty ones, no more than meane are spared.
+You powers of heauen, rayne honour on his hearse,
+And tune the Cherubins to sing his fame,
+Let Infants in the last age him rehearse,
+And let no more, honour be Honor's name:
+Let him that will obtaine immortall vearse,
+Conquer the stile of _Grinuile_ to the same,
+For till that fire shall all the world consume,
+Shall neuer name, with _Grinuile_ name presume.
+Rest then deere soule, in thine all-resting peace,
+And take my teares for tropheys to thy tombe,
+Let thy lost blood, thy vnlost fame increase,
+Make kingly eares thy praises second wombe:
+That when all tongues to all reports surcease,
+Yet shall thy deeds, out-liue the day of doome,
+  For even Angels, in the heasens shall sing,
+  _Grinuile_ vnconquered died, still conquering.
+                                    _O ælinam_.
+
+Footnotes:
+
+1: Choristers.
+
+2: Hangings, so called from having first been made at Arras.
+
+3: Constellations.
+
+4: Entangled.
+
+5: Blown by being hunted.
+     "But being then _imbost_, the stately deer
+     When he hath gotten ground," &c.
+         --_Drayton's Polyolbian_, xiii, p. 917.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A true report of a worthy fight, performed in the voyage from Turkie, by
+  fiue ships of London, against 11. Gallies, and two frigats of the King of
+  Spaines, at Pantalarea within the Streights. Anno, 1586. Written by
+  Philip Iones.
+
+The Marchants of London, being of the incorporation of the Turkey trade,
+hauing receiued intelligencies, and aduertisements, from time to time, that
+the King of Spaine grudging at the prosperitie of this kingdome, had not
+onely of late arrested al English ships, bodies, and goods in Spaine, but
+also maligning the quiet trafique which they vsed to and in the dominions,
+and prouinces, vnder the obedience of the Great Turke, had giuen order to
+the Captaines of his gallies in the Leuant, to hinder the passage of all
+English ships, and to endeuour by their best meanes, to intercept, take,
+and spoile them, their persons, and goods: they hereupon thought it their
+best course to set out their flete for Turkie, in such strength and
+abilitie for their defence, that the purpose of their Spanish enemie might
+the better be preuented, and the voyage accomplished with greater securitie
+to the men and shippes. For which cause, fiue tall, and stoute shippes,
+appertaining to London, and intending onely a Marchants voyage, were
+prouided and furnished with all things belonging to the Seas; the names
+whereof were these:
+
+1. The Marchant Royal, a very braue and good shippe, and of great report.
+
+2. The Tobie.
+
+3. The Edward Bonauenture.
+
+4. The William and Iohn.
+
+5. The Susan.
+
+These fiue departing from the coast of England, in the moneth of Nouember
+1585. kept together as one fleete, til they came as high as the Isle of
+Sicilie, within the Leuant. And there, according to the order and direction
+of the voyage, each shippe began to take leaue of the rest, and to separate
+himselfe, setting his course for the particular port, whereunto hee was
+bounde: one for Tripolie in Syria, another for Constantinople, the chiefe
+Citie of the Turkes Empire, situated vpon the coast of Romania, called of
+olde, Thracia, and the rest to those places, whereunto they were priuatly
+appointed. But before they diuided themselues, they altogether consulted,
+of and about a certaine and speciall place for their meeting againe after
+the lading of their goods at their seuerall portes. And in conclusion, the
+generall agreement was to meet at Zante, an Island neere to the maine
+continent of the West part of Morea, well knowen of all the Pilots, and
+thought to be the fittest place of their Rendeuous. Concerning which
+meeting, it was also couenanted on eche side, and promised, that whatsoeuer
+ship of these 5. should first arriue at Zante, should there stay and expect
+the comming of the rest of the fleete, for the space of twentie dayes. This
+being done, ech man made his best hast according as winde and wether woulde
+serue him to fiulfill his course, and to dispatch his businesse: and no
+neede was there to admonish or incourage any man, seeing no time was ill
+spent, nor opportunitie omitted on any side, in the performance of ech mans
+duetie, according to his place.
+
+It fell out that the Tobie which was bound for Constantinople had made such
+good speede, and gotten such good weather, that she first of al the rest
+came back to the appointed place of Zante, and not forgetting the former
+conclusion, did there cast ancre, attending the arriuall of the rest of the
+fleete, which accordingly (their busines first performed) failed not to
+keepe their promise. The first next after the Tobie was the Royal Marchant,
+which together with the William and Iohn came from Tripolie in Syria, and
+arriued at Zante within the compasse of the foresaide time limitted. These
+ships in token of the ioy on all parts concerned for their happy meeting,
+spared not the discharging af their Ordinance, the sounding of drums and
+trumpets, the spreading of Ensignes with other warlike and ioyfull
+behaviours, expressing by these outward signes, the inward gladnesse of
+their mindes, being all as ready to ioyne together in mutuall consent to
+resist the cruel enemie, as now in sporting maner they made myrth and
+pastyme among themselues. These three had not bene long in the hauen, but
+the Edward Bonauenture also, together with the Susan her consort, were come
+from Venice with their lading, the sight of whom increased the ioy of the
+rest, and they no lesse glad of the presence of the others, saluted them in
+most friendly and kinde sort, according to the maner of the Seas: and
+whereas some of these ships stoode at that instant in some want of
+victuals, they were all content to stay in the port, till the necessities
+of ech shippe were supplied, and nothing wanted to set out for their
+returne.
+
+In this port of Zante, the newes was fresh and currant, of two seuerall
+armies and fleetes prouided by the king of Spaine, and lying in waite to
+intercept them: the one consisting of 30. strong Gallies, so well appointed
+in all respects for the warre, that no necessary thing wanted: and this
+fleete houered about the Streights of Gibraltar. The other armie had in it
+20. Gailies, whereof some were of Sicilie, and some of the island of Malta,
+vnder the charge and gouernment of Iohn Andrea Dorea, a Captaine of name
+seruing the king of Spaine. These two diuers and strong fleetes waited and
+attended in the Seas for none, but the English shippes, and no doubt made
+their accompt and sure reckoning that not a shippe should escape their
+furie. And the opinion, also of the inhabitants of the Isle of Zante was,
+that in respect of the number of Gallies in both these armies, hauing
+receiued such straight commandement from the king, our ships and men being
+but few, and little in comparison of them, it was a thing in humane reason
+impossible, that wee should passe either without spoiling, if we resisted,
+or without composition at the least, and acknowledgement of duetie to the
+Spanish king.
+
+But it was neither the report of the attendance of these armies, nor the
+opinions of the people, nor any thing else, that could daunt or dismay the
+courages of our men, who grounding themselues upon the goodnesse of their
+cause, and the promise of God, to bee deliuered from such as without reason
+sought their destruction, carried resolute mindes, notwithstanding all
+impediments to aduenture through the Seas, and to finish their Nauigations,
+maugre the beards of the Spanish souldiers. But least they should seeme too
+carelesse, and too secure of their estate, and by laying the whole and
+entire burden of their safetie vpon Gods prouidence, should foolishly
+presume altogether of his helpe, and neglect the meanes which was put into
+their handes, they failed not to enter into counsell among themselues, and
+to deliberate aduisedly for their best defence. And in the end with
+generall consent, the Marchant Royall was appointed Admirall of the fleete,
+and the Tobie Viceadmiral, by whose orders the rest promised to be
+directed, and ech shippe vowed not to breake from another, whatsoeuer
+extremitie should fall out, but to stand to it to the death, for the honour
+of their Countrey, and the frustrating of the hope of the ambitious and
+proud enemie.
+
+Thus in good order they left Zante and the Castle of Græcia, and committed
+themselues againe to the Seas, and proceeded in their course and voyage in
+quietnes, without sight of any enemie, till they came neere to Pantalarea,
+an Island so called, betwixt Sicilie, and the coast of Africke: into sight
+wherof they came the 13. day of Iuly 1586. And the same day in the morning
+about 7. of the clocke they descried 13. sailes in number, which were of
+the Gallies, lying in waite of purpose for them, in and about that place.
+As soone as the English ships had spied them, they by and by according to a
+common order, made themselues ready for a fight, layd out their Ordinance,
+scoured, charged, and primed them, displayed their ensignes, and left
+nothing vndone to arme themselues throughly. In the meane time, the Gallies
+more and more approched the ships, and in their banners there appeared the
+armes of the Isles of Sicilia, and Malta, being all as then in the seruice
+and pay of the Spaniard. Immediatly, both the Admirals of the Gallies sent
+from ech of them a frigate, to the Admiral of our English ships, which
+being come neere them, the Sicilian frigat first hailed them, and demanded
+of them whence they were? They answered that they were of England, the
+armes whereof appeared in their colours. Whereupon the saide frigat
+expostulated with them, and asked why they delayed to sende or come with
+their Captaines and pursers to Don Pedro de Leiua their Geuerall, to
+acknowledge their duty and obedience to him in the name of the Spanish
+king, Lord of those seas? Our men replied and said, that they owed no such
+duetie nor obedience to him, and therefore would acknowledge none, but
+commanded the frigat to depart with that answere, and not to stay longer a
+brabling, vpon her perill. With that away she went, and vp comes towards
+them the other frigat of Malta, and shee in like sort hailed the Admiral,
+and would needs know whence they were, and where they had bene. Our
+Englishmen in the Admirall, not disdaining an answere, tolde them that they
+were of England, Marchants of London, had bene at Turkie, and were now
+returning home: and to be requited in this case, they also demaunded of the
+frigat whence she and the rest of the gallies were: the messenger answered,
+we are of Malta, and for mine owne part my name is Cauallero. These gallies
+are in seruice and pay to the king of Spaine, vnder the conduct of Don
+Pedro de Leiua a noble man of Spaine, who hath bene commanded hither by the
+King with this present force and armie, of purpose to intercept you. You
+shall therefore (quoth he) do well to repaire to him to know his pleasure,
+he is a noble man of good behauiour and courtesie, and meanes you no ill.
+The Captaine of the English Admiral, whose name was M. Edward Wilkinson,
+replied and said. We purpose not at this time to make triall of Don Pedro
+his courtesie, whereof we are suspitious and doubtful, and not without good
+cause: vsing withall good words to the messenger, and willing him to come
+aboord him, promising securitie and good vsage, that thereby he might the
+better knowe the Spaniards minde: whereupon hee in deed left his frigat,
+and came aboord him, whom hee intertained in friendly sort, and caused a
+cuppe of wine to be drawne for him, which be tooke and beganne, with his
+cap in his hand, and with reuerend termes to drinke to the health of the
+Queene of England, speaking very honourably of her Maiestie, and giving
+good speeches of the courteous vsage and interteinement that he himselfe
+had receiued in London, at the time that the duke of Alenson, brother to
+the late French king was last in England: and after he had well drunke, hee
+tooke his leaue, speaking well of the sufficiencie and goodnesse of our
+shippes, and especially of the Marchant Royal, which he confessed to haue
+seene before, riding in the Thames neere London. He was no sooner come to
+Don Pedro de Leiua the Spanish general, but he was sent off againe, and
+returned to the English Admirall, saying that the pleasure of the Generall
+was this, that either their Captaines, Masters and Pursers should come to
+him with speed, or else hee would set vpon them, and either take them or
+sinke them. The reply was made by M. Wilkinson aforesaid, that not a man
+should come to him; and for the bragge and threat of Don Pedro, it was not
+that Spanish brauado that should make them yeeld a iot to their hinderance,
+but they were as ready to make resistance, as he to offer an iniurie.
+Whereupon Cauallero the messenger left bragging, and began to persuade them
+in quiet sort and with many wordes, but all his labour was to no purpose,
+and as his threat did nothing terrifie them, so his perswasion did nothing
+mooue them to doe that which hee required. At the last he intreated to haue
+the Marchant of the Admirall caried by him as a messenger to the Generall,
+so that he might be satisfied, and assured of their mindes by one of their
+owne company. But M. Wilkinson would agree to no such thing, although
+Richard Rowit the marchant himselfe seemed willing to bee imployed in that
+message, and laboured by reasonable perswasions to induce M. Wilkinson to
+graunt it, as hoping to be an occasion by his presence and discreet
+answeres to satisfie the Generall, and thereby to saue the effusion of
+Christian blood, if it should grow to a battel. And he seemed so much the
+more willing to be sent, by how much deeper the othes and protestations of
+this Cauallero were, that he would (as hee was a true knight and a
+souldier) deliuer him backe againe in safetie to his company. Albeit, M.
+Wilkinson, which by his long experience had receiued sufficient triall of
+Spanish inconsistencie and periurie, wished him in no case to put his life
+and libertie in hazard vpon a Spaniards othe. But at last, vpon much
+intreatie, he yeelded to let him go to the General, thinking in deed, that
+good speeches and answeres of reason would haue contented him, whereas
+otherwise refusall to do so, might peraduenture haue prouoked the more
+discontentment.
+
+M. Rowit therefore passing to the Spanish Generall, the rest of the Gallies
+hauing espied him, thought in deed that the English were rather determined
+to yeelde, then to fight, and therefore came flocking about the frigat,
+euery man crying out, Que nueuas, que nueuas, Haue these Englishmen
+yeelded? the frigate answered, Not so, they neither haue nor purpose to
+yeeld, onely they haue sent a man of their company to speake with our
+Generall: and being come to the Gallie wherein he was, he shewed himselfe
+to M. Rowit in his armour, his guard of souldiers attending vpon him in
+armour also, and began to speake very proudly in this sort: Thou
+Englishman, from whence is your fleete, why stand ye aloofe off, knowe ye
+not your duetie to the Catholique King, whose person I here represent?
+Where are your billes of lading, your letters, pasports, and the chiefe of
+your men? Thinke ye my attendance in these seas to be in vaine, or my
+person to no purpose? Let al these things be done out of hand as I command,
+vpon paine of my further displeasure and the spoyle of you all: These
+wordes of the Spanish Generall were not so outragiously pronounced as they
+were mildly answered by M. Rowit, who tolde him that they were al
+Merchantmen, vsing trafique in honest sort, and seeking to passe quietly,
+if they were not vrged further then reason. As for the king of Spaine, he
+thought (for his part) that there was amitie betwixt him and his Souereigne
+the Queene of England, so that neither he nor his officers should goe about
+to offer any such injurie to English Marchants, who as they were farre from
+giuing offence to any man, so they would be loath to take an abuse at the
+handes of any, or sit downe to their losse, where their abilitie was able
+to make defence. And as, touching his commandement aforesaide, for the
+acknowledging of duetie, in such particular sort, he told him, that were
+there was no duetie owing, there none should be performed, assuring him
+that the whole company and shippes in generall stood resolutely vpon the
+negatiue, and would not yeeld to any such vnreasonable demaund, joyned with
+such imperious and absolute maner of commanding. Why then, said he, if they
+wil neither come to yeeld, nor shew obedience to me in the name of any
+king, I wil either sinke them or bring them to harbor, and so tell them
+from me. With that the frigat came away with M. Rowit, and brought him
+aboord the English Admiral againe according to promise: who was no sooner
+entred in, but by and by defiance was sounded on both sides: the Spaniards
+hewed off the noses of the Gallies, that nothing might hinder the leuell of
+the shot, and the English on the other side courageously prepared
+themselues to the combat, euery man according to his roome, bent to
+performe his office with alacritie and diligence. In the meane time a
+Cannon was discharged from the Admirall of the gallies, which being the
+onset of the fight, was presently answered by the English Admirall with a
+Culuering; so the skirmish began, and grew hot and terrible, there was no
+powder nor shot spared: ech English ship matched it selfe in good order
+against two Spanish Gallies, besides the inequalitie of the frigats on the
+Spaniards side: and although our men performed their parts with singular
+valure according to their strength, insomuch that the enemie as amased
+therewith would oftentimes pause and stay, and consult what was best to be
+done, yet they ceased not in the midst of their businesse to make prayer to
+Almighty God the reuenger of al euils, and the giuer of victories, that it
+would please him to assist them in that good quarell of theirs, in
+defending themselues against so proud a tyrant, to teach their handes to
+warre, and their fingers to fight, that the glory of the victory might
+redound to his Name, and to the honor of true Religion which the insolent
+enemie sought so much to ouerthrowe. Contrarily, the foolish Spaniardes
+cried out according to their maner, not to God, but to our Lady (as they
+terme the virgin Mary) saying O Lady helpe, O blessed Lady giue vs the
+victory, and the honour thereof shalbe thine. Thus with blowes and prayers
+on both sides the fight continued furious and sharpe, and doubtfull a long
+time to which part the victorie would incline: til at the last the Admiral
+of the Gallies of Sicilie began to warpe from the fight, and to holde vp
+her side for feare of sinking, and after her went also two others in like
+case, whom al the sort of them inclosed, labouring by all their meanes to
+keep them aboue water, being ready by the force of English shot which they
+had receiued to perish in the seas: and what slaughter was done among the
+Spaniards themselues, the English were vncertaine, but by a probable
+coniecture apparant afar off, they supposed their losse was so great that
+they wanted men to continue the charging of their pieces: [Sidenote: A
+fight of fiue houres.] whereupon with shame and dishonor, after 5. houres
+spent in the battell, they withdrew themselues: and the English contented
+in respect of their deepe lading, rather to continue their voyage then to
+follow the chase, ceased from further blowes: with the losse onely of two
+men slaine amongst them all, and another hurt in his arme, whom M.
+Wilkinson with his good words and friendly promises did so comfort, that he
+nothing esteemed the smart of his wound in respect of the honour of the
+victory, and the shameful repulse of the enemy.
+
+Thus with duetiful thankes to the mercy of God for his gracious assistance
+in that danger, the English ships proceeded in their Nauigation, and
+comming as high as Alger, a port towne vpon the coast of Barbary, they fell
+with it, of purpose to refresh themselues after their wearinesse, and to
+take in such supply of fresh water and victuals, as they needed: they were
+no sooner entred into the port, but immediatly the king thereof sent a
+messenger to the ships to knowe what they were, with which messenger the
+chiefe master of ech shippe repaired to the king, and acquainted him not
+onely with the state of their ships in respect of marchandize, but with the
+late fight which they had passed with the Spanish Gallies, reporting euery
+particular circumstance in word as it fell out in action: whereof the said
+king shewed himselfe marueilous glad, interteining them in the best sort,
+and promising abundant reliefe of all their wants, making generall
+proclamation in the city vpon paine of death, that no man of what degree or
+state soeuer he were, should presume either to hinder them in their
+affaires, or to offer them any maner of inurie in body or goods. By vertue
+whereof they dispatched al things in excellent good sort, with al fauor and
+peaceablenesse: only such prisoners and captiues of the Spaniards as were
+in the Citie, seeing the good vsage which they receiued, and hearing also
+what seruice they had performed against the foresaide Gallies, grudged
+exceedingly against them, and sought as much as they could to practise some
+mischiefe against them: and one amongst the rest seeing an Englishman alone
+in a certaine lane of the Citie, came vpon him suddenly, and with his knife
+thrust him in the side, yet made no such great wound, but that it was
+easily recouered. The English company hearing of it, acquainted the king
+with the fact, who immediatly sent both for the party that had receiued the
+wound and the offender also, and caused an executioner in the presence of
+himselfe and the English, to chastise the slaue euen to death, which was
+performed to the ende that no man should presume to commit the like part,
+or to doe any thing in contempt of his royal commandement.
+
+The English hauing receiued this good justice at the kings hands, and al
+other things that they wanted, or could craue for the furnishing of their
+shippes; tooke their leaue of him, and of the rest of their friends, that
+were resident in Alger, and put out to Sea, looking to meete with the
+second army of the Spanish king, which waited for them about the month of
+the Straights of Gibraltar, which they were of necessitie to passe. But
+comming neere to the said Straight, it pleased God to raise at that instant
+a very darke and mistie fogge, so that one ship could not discerne another,
+if it were 40. paces off: by meanes whereof; together with the notable
+faire Easterne winds that then blewe most fit for their course, they passed
+with great speed through the Straight, and might haue passed with that good
+gale, had there bene 500. Gallies to withstand them, and the aire neuer so
+cleare for euery ship to be seene. [Sidenote: The second Spanish fleete
+lying in watie for the English.] But yet the Spanish Gallies had a sight of
+them when they, were come within 3. English miles of the towne, and made
+after them in all Pøssible haste, and although they saw that they were
+farre out of their reach, yet in a vaine fury and foolish pride, they shot
+off their Ordinance, and made a stirre in the Sea as if they had bene in
+the midst of them, which vanitie of theirs ministred to our men notable
+matter of pleasure and mirth, seeing men to fight with shadowes, and to
+take so great paines to so small purpose.
+
+But thus it pleased God to deride, and delude all the forces of that proud
+Spanish king, which, he had prouided of purpose to distressethe English,
+who notwithstanding passed through both his Armies, in the one, little
+hurt; and in the other nothing touched, to the glory of his immortall Name,
+the honour of our Prince and Countrey, and the just commendation of ech
+mans seruice performed in that voyage.
+
+END OF VOL. VII.
+
+
+
+
+INDICES TO VOLS. V., VI., & VII.
+
+INDICES.
+
+_Where the same Document is given in Latin and English, the reference is to
+the English Version._
+
+_N.B._--The large print indicates that the _whole_ section refers to the
+subject mentioned.
+
+VOL. V.
+
+AA (Sir J. de)
+ABRAHAM BASSA
+ACON or ACRE
+  --Taken
+  --History
+ADAMS (T)
+ADRIANOPLE
+AGREEMENT, BETWEEN AMBASSADORS OF ENGLAND AND PRUSSIA, CONFIRMED BY RICHARD
+II
+  --BETWEEN HENRY IV. AND CONRAD DE IUNGINGEN
+  --BETWEEN HENRY IV. AND HANS TOWNS
+  --BETWEEN HENRY IV. AND ULRICUS DE IUNGINGEN
+  --BETWEEN RICHARD I. AND PRINCE OF ACRE
+  --BETWEEN EDWARD IV. AND IOHN II. OF PORTUGAL
+ALBERT, King of Sweden
+ALBERT, Marquis of Brandenburg
+  --Biographical sketch
+ALEPPO, A COMMANDMENT FOR
+ALEXANDRIA, A COMMANDMENT TO THE CADI OF
+  --A COMMANDMENT TO THE BASSA OF
+ALI BASSA, LETTER FROM QUEEN ELIZABETH
+ALWEY (R.)
+AMSTERDAM
+ANDREW (S.)
+APPIAN, quoted
+ARTHUR, Duke of Brittany
+ASCALON
+AUCHER (Sir A.)
+AUCHER (ship)
+AUSTELL (Henry), HIS VOYAGE OVERLAND TO CONSTANTINOPLE
+  --HIS SAFE CONDUCT FROM THE SULTAN
+AUSTEN (J.)
+AUSTRIA
+
+BABA (cape)
+BAIRAM (feast of)
+BAKER (M.)
+BAKER (P.) commits disorders in the Levant
+BAKER (R.) HIS FIRST VOYAGE TO GUINEA
+  --HIS SECOND VOYAGE
+BALDWIN, Emperor of Constantinople
+BALIABADRAM, A COMMANDMENT FOR
+BARANGI or VARANGI
+BARRET (A.)
+BARRET (W.)
+BART (H.)
+BARTENSTEIN (castle), built
+BEDINGHAM (R,)
+BEFFART (C., of Triers)
+BELGRADE, taken by the Turks
+BELYETERE (E.)
+BERENGARIA (Queen)
+BETTS (W.)
+BLACK SEA
+BODENHAM (R.), HIS VOYAGE TO CANDIA AND CHIO
+BOULOGNE
+BOURGH (Sir John)
+  --His death
+BOWYER (Sir W.)
+BRAMPTON (W.)
+BRANDEBURG
+BRANDON (J.)
+BREMEN
+BRENNUS
+BRESLAU
+BRILL
+BRISTOL
+BRITOMAR
+BRITONS, IN ITALY AND GREECE
+BROOKE (J.)
+BROWNE (J), mentioned
+BRUGES
+BRUNDUSIUM
+BRUNE (H.)
+BRUNSBURG (castle), built
+BRUNSWICK
+BUSS OF ZEALAND (ship), taken
+BUSSSHIP (ship), taken
+
+CABRERA or CAPRERA (island)
+CADIZ
+CALAIS
+CAMDEN (W.), HIS. ACCOUNT OF THE BRITONS IN ITALY AND GREECE
+  --quoted
+CAMPEN
+CAMPION (G.), HIS DISCOURSE OF THE TRADE OF CHIO
+CANDIA
+CARUMUSALINI
+CASIMIR. King of Poland, wages war against Knights of Jerusalem
+  --Defeated
+  --Obtains Marienburg by treason
+  --Concludes peace
+CASTELIN (E.)
+CAT (G.)
+CAUMBRIGGE (R.)
+CEPHALONIA
+CERIGO (island)
+CHAMBERLAIN (E.)
+CHAMPION (meaning of)
+CHANCELLOR (Richard)
+CHARLES V. (of Spain), knights Peter Read
+  --mentioned
+CHARTER GRANTED BY SULTAN TO ENGLISH
+  --GRANTED BY QUEEN ELIZABETH TO THE LEVANT COMPANY
+  --FROM PETER OF MOLDAVIA
+CHESTER (Sir W.)
+CHIO
+  --A DISCOURSE OF ITS TRADE
+  --VOYAGE OF BODENHAM
+  --A COMMANDMENT FOR
+CHRISTMIMMEL built
+CLAIRVAUX (abbey of)
+CLEMENTS (J.), sent to Levant
+CLEYE
+COG (ship), seized
+COLCHESTER
+COLE (P.)
+COLEN, or COLOGNE
+CONRAD, Duke of Massovia
+CONRADUS LANDGRAVIUS
+CONSTANTINE THE GREAT
+  --HIS TRAVELS
+CONSTANTINOPLE
+COOTE (J.)
+CORNWAILE (T.)
+COURTBUTTRESSOW
+COVENTRY, Parliament held at
+COWES
+CRACOW
+CRETE (island)
+CROSSEBAIRE (N.)
+CRUTZBURG (castle), built
+CURTIS (T.)
+CYPRUS
+  --DESCRIBED
+  --History
+
+DANTZIC
+DANUBE
+DASSELE (A. de)
+DAWE (J.)
+DELFT
+DIERE (J.)
+DOCKWRAY (Thomas)
+DOGGER-SHIP, taken
+DORDRECHT
+DORIA (Juanette)
+DORIA (Prince Pedro)
+DOVER
+DRAVER (M.)
+DUCKET (I.)
+DURHAM (S.)
+
+EGYPT, A COMMANDMENT FOR
+EINSLEBEN
+ELBE (river)
+ELBING
+ELIZABETH (Queen)
+  --LETTERS FROM MURAD KHAN
+  --LETTERS TO MURAD KHAN
+  --GRANTS CHARTER TO LEVANT COMPANY
+  --HER COMMISSION TO WILLIAM HAREBORNE TO BE AMBASSADOR IN TURKEY
+  --LETTER TO ALI BASSA
+  --LETTER FROM MUSTAPHA CHAUS
+  --LETTER FROM SINAN BASSA
+  --LETTER FROM THE SULTANA
+ELLERICHSHAUSEN (C. ab)
+ELLERICHSHAUSEN (L. ab)
+EMDEN
+ENGLISHMEN SENT TO CONSTANTINOPLE
+ERIGENA (John), HIS TRAVELS
+ESTURMY (W.), his account of his embassy to Prussia
+  --LETTER FROM WERNERUS DE TETTINGEN
+EUSEBIUS, quoted
+EUTROPIUS, quoted
+EYMS (W.)
+
+FAMAGUSTA, SIEGE OF
+FARDEL (meaning of)
+FEN (H. ap)
+FERMENIA or THERMIA (island)
+FEUCHTUVANG (C. a)
+FEUCHTUVANG (S. a)
+FIELD (R.)
+FINISTERRE (cape)
+FLISPE (S.)
+FLORUS, quoted
+FORMENTERA (island)
+FORREST (G.)
+FOSTER (T.), HIS PASSPORT FROM EARL OF LEICESTER
+FOWLER (T.)
+FRIDAY (ship), taken
+FROISSART, HIS ACCOUNT OF KING LYON'S VISIT TO ENGLAND
+FUBBORNE (W.)
+
+GABARDS
+GAGE, (Sir E.)
+GAGE (G.)
+GALIPOLI (straits of)
+GALITA (island)
+GARRARD (Sir W.)
+GARRET (William)
+GENOA
+GIBRALTAR
+GLEIDELL (J.)
+GODEZERE (ship), taken by Hans Towns
+GODFREY, Earl of Hohenloe
+GODFREY (J.)
+GOLDESMITH (C.)
+GONSON (R.)
+GONSON (W.)
+GONSTON (B.)
+GOODWINE (J.)
+GOURNEY (M.), VOYAGE TO ALGIERS
+GRAA (T.), Ambassador of England
+GRAVESEND
+GRAY (John)
+GRAY (R.)
+GREEK FIRE
+GRESHAM (J.)
+GRINDALL, Archbishop of Canterbury
+GRIPESWOLD
+
+HACHENBERG (U.) Ambassador of Prussia
+HAGUE (the)
+HAKLUYT (R.), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT TRADE TO THE LEVANT
+  --LIST OF GOODS TO BE OBTAINED IN TURKEY
+  --MEMORANDUM OF WORK TO BE DONE IN TURKEY
+HALBERSTADT
+HAMBURG
+HANS TOWNS
+  --AGREEMENT WITH HENRY IV.
+  --THEIR GRIEVANCES AGAINST ENGLAND
+HAREBORNE (William), obtains safe conduct
+  --His first voyage
+  --COMMISSION TO BE AMBASSADOR
+  --VOYAGE IN THE SUSAN
+  --LETTER TO MUSTAPHA CHAUS
+  --HIS PETITION TO THE VICEROY OF MOREA
+  --HIS RETURN TO ENGLAND
+HARWICH
+HAWKIN DERLIN (ship), plundered
+HAWKINS (Sir John)
+HAWKWOOD (J.), HIS VICTORIES IN ITALY
+HEILSBURG (castle), built
+HEITH (W.)
+HELDRINGEN (H. ab)
+HELENA, HER TRAVELS
+  --mentioned
+HELENA (ship), taken
+HENRY (Emperor), his letter to Philip of France
+HENRY, Earl of Plaen
+HENRY IV., HIS LETTERS TO CONRAD DE IUNGINGEN
+  --THEIR AGREEMENT
+  --AGREEMENT WITH HANS TOWNS
+  --LETTER TO ULRICUS DE IUNGINGEN
+  --LETTERS FROM ULRICUS DE IUNGINGEN
+  --AGREEMENT WITH ULRICUS DE IUNGINGEN
+HENRY VIII., HIS LETTER TO JOHN OF PORTUGAL
+HERSTON (P.)
+HICKMAN (A.)
+HOLINSHED, HIS ACCOUNT OF THE EMBASSY FROM FERDINANDO TO HENRY VIII
+HOLSTOCKE (W.)
+HOLY CROSS (ship), voyage to Candia
+HOOD (R.)
+HORUSE (R.)
+HOVEDEN (Roger de), bibliography
+HUGHSON (J.)
+HULL
+HUNT (T.)
+
+IENA
+INNSBRUCK
+IPSWICH
+ISAAC COMNENUS
+ISABEL (ship), taken
+IUNGINGEN (C. a), sends an embassy to Richard II.
+  --HIS LETTERS TO RICHARD II
+  --COMPOSITION BETWEEN HIM AND ENGLAND
+  --RECEIVES LETTERS FROM HENRY IV
+  --HIS LETTERS TO HENRY IV
+  --THEIR AGREEMENT
+IUNGINGEN (Ulricus a)
+  --LETTER FROM HENRY IV
+  --LETTER TO HENRY IV
+  --AGREEMENT WITH HENRY IV
+
+JAROSLAW
+JASSY or YAS
+JENKINSON (A.)
+JERUSALEM; voyage of Richard I, to
+JERUSALEM (Knights of), CATALOGUE OF MASTERS
+  --Remove to Ptolemais
+  --Join the Dutch Knights in Prussia
+  --First war against Prussian infidels
+  --Second war against Prussia
+  --Prussians renounce Christianity
+  --Third war against Prussia
+  --Lose Acon
+  --Return to France
+  --Remove to Marienburg
+  --Defeated
+  --Battle against Wladislaus
+  --Prussians rebel against the Knights
+  --Apply to Casimir, King of Poland
+  --Commanded by Emperor Frederick to return to obedience
+  --Civil war
+  --Casimir defeated by the Knights
+  --Marienburg betrayed to Casimir
+  --Peace concluded
+  --Make a treaty with Richard II
+  --THEIR COMPOSITION WITH ENGLAND IN 1403
+  --THEIR AGREEMENT WITH HENRY IV. IN 1405
+JOHN (of Portugal), letter from Henry VIII
+JOHN BAPTIST (ship)
+JOHN COMNENUS
+JOPPA
+JUSTINIAN
+
+KELHAM, his Norman Dictionary quoted
+KERPEN (Otto, of)
+KINGTON (J.), his account of his embassy to Prussia
+KINSTUT, King of Lithuania
+  --Escape from prison
+KNAPPENRODT (W. A.)
+KRANTZIUS (A.), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE BURNING OF NORBERN
+KUCHENMEISTER (M.)
+KUNIGSBERG founded
+
+LAKENSWITHER (H.)
+LAKINGLISH (J.)
+LAMBERT (F.)
+LAMBOLT (H.)
+LANGSOUND
+LEGHORN
+LEICESTER, Earl of
+  --HIS PASSPORT TO THOMAS FOSTER
+LEMAN (R.)
+LEO AFRICANUS, quoted
+LEOPOLD, Duke of Austria, takes Richard I. prisoner
+  --Sells him to Emperor
+LESSON (O.)
+LETIS (J.)
+LEVANT, HAKLUYT'S ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT TRADE TO
+  --THE REVIVING OF THE TRADE TO THE
+LEVANT COMPANY, CHARTER FROM MURAD KHAN
+  --FROM QUEEN ELIZABETH
+LIBER-TRIADUM, quoted
+LIGATE (J.)
+LINCOLN (Bishop of), His letters to Conrad de Iungingen
+LITTLE, (William), his works
+LIVONIA
+LOCKE (M.)
+LOCKE (W.)
+LODGE (Sir T.)
+LONDON
+LUBECK
+LUDOLPHUS, Duke of Brunswick
+LUDOLPHUS, surnamed King
+LUTHER, born at Einsleben
+LYDERPOLE (T.)
+LYMASOL or LYMSZEN
+LYNN
+LYON, King of Armenia, HIS VOYAGE TO ENGLAND
+LYONS
+
+MAGDEBURG
+MAIN (river)
+MALAGA
+MALIM (W.), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE SIEGE OF FAMAGUSTA
+MALLORCA (island)
+MALMESBURY (abbey)
+MALMESBURY (W. of), quoted
+MALTA
+MANUCHIO, HIS SAFE CONDUCT FROM THE SULTAN
+MAONE
+MARGARET, Queen of Denmark
+MARGARET (ship), taken
+MARIEBURG or MARIENBURG
+  --Taken by treason
+MARLIN (ship)
+MARMORA
+MARPURG
+MARSEILLES
+MARTINE A GOLIN, His wonderful stratagem
+MARTININGO (G.)
+MATAPAN (cape)
+MATTHEW GONSON (ship), VOYAGE TO CANDIA
+  --SECOND VOYAGE
+  --Mentioned
+MAUSTROND
+MEIDENBURG (Bulgrave of)
+MERALL (Sir A. de), turns traitor
+MERSH (T.)
+MESSINA
+  --Taken by the English
+MEYER (H.)
+MICHAEL (ship), taken
+MICONE (island)
+MIDDEEBURG
+MILO (island)
+MINION (ship)
+MITYLENE (island)
+  --A COMMANDMENT TO
+MORAVIA
+MOTTE (T.)
+MOYLE, meaning of
+MUNDE (W.)
+MUNSTER, his history of the Dutch Knights of Jerusalem
+MURAD KHAN, HIS LETTERS TO QUEEN ELIZABETH
+  --HIS LETTERS FROM QUEEN ELIZABETH
+  --GRANTS CHARTER TO LEVANT COMPANY
+MUSTAPHA CHAUS, HIS LETTER TO QUEEN ELIZABETH
+  --LETTER FROM W. HAREBORNE
+
+NARES, quoted
+NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE
+NICHOLAS (ship), taken
+NIESTER (river)
+NISSA
+NOIE (W.)
+NORBERN, BURNT BY ROBBERS FROM THE HANS TOWNS
+NOVIBAZAR
+NORWICH
+NUREMBERG
+
+ODOACER, King of Bohemia
+OLMUDTZ
+ORSELE (W. ab.)
+ORWEL
+OSBORNE (Sir E.), revives the trade to the Levant
+  --mentioned
+OSTERNA (Boppo ab)
+OSTRIGE (W.)
+OTTO, Marquis of Brandeburg
+OXNEY (W.)
+
+PALANDRIE
+PALOS (cape)
+PARIS (Matthew), quoted
+PARSONS (R.)
+PASSARO (cape)
+PATRASSO--A COMMANDMENT TO
+PEIRS (T.)
+PERCY RELIQUES, quoted
+PETER, Vayvode of Moldavia
+  --HIS CHARTER TO ENGLISH MERCHANTS
+PETER (ship), taken
+PHILIP (of France), his alliance with Richard I
+  --Returns to France
+  --LETTER FROM THE EMPEROR HENRY
+PHILIPPOPOLI
+PICKET (J.)
+PIKERON (J.)
+PLOKET (T.)
+PLUMER (J.)
+PLUMMER (T.)
+PLYMOUTH
+PONTE (N. de), death of
+PORTO DE SAN PEDRO
+POUND (W.)
+PREST (J.)
+PRIMROSE (ship)
+PRIOUR (J.)
+PROCOPIUS
+PRUSSIA, privileges of English merchants in
+  --Esturmy and Kington sent as ambassadors
+PRUSSIA (knights of), see Jerusalem (kinghts of)
+PURSER (A.)
+
+RACKING, meaning of word
+RAGUSA
+RATCLIFFE (J.)
+READ (Peter), HIS EPITAPH
+REDEN (castle), built
+RESIL (castle), built
+REUSS (H.)
+REVELL (R.)
+RHODES
+  --SIEGE AND TAKING OF
+  --Blockaded
+  --Provisioned
+  --A brigantine sent to Candia
+  --General muster
+  --Letter from the Great Turk
+  --The Turks land on the Isle of Lango
+  --Besieged
+  --Assisted by Gabriel Martiningo
+  --Is taken
+  --A COMMANDMENT TO
+RHONE (river)
+RICHARD I., HIS VOYAGE INTO ASIA
+  --Alliance with Philip of France
+  --Taken prisoner by Duke of Austria
+  --EPITAPHS
+RICHARD II., receives ambassadors from Conrad de Zolner
+RICHTENBERG, (H. a)
+RIGWEYS (R.)
+ROBINES (R.)
+RODE (A.)
+ROME
+RONDELL (L)
+ROOS (William, Lord of)
+  --His letters to Conrad de Iungingen
+ROSTOCK
+ROTTERDAM
+RUMNIE (J.)
+RUSSDORFF (P. a)
+RUSSE (L. van)
+
+SAFFRON WALDON
+ST. JOHN (knights of), go to Cyprus and Rhodes
+ST. VINCENT (cape)
+SALT
+SALTZA.(H. de)
+SAMBORUS, son of Suandepolcus
+SANDWICH
+SAUGERSHUSEN (H. de)
+SANTA MARIA (cape)
+SANTA SOPHIA (Mosque of)
+SAPIENTIA (island)
+SARDINIA
+SAVIOUR (ship)
+SCHIEDAM
+SCOF (E.)
+SCUVENDEN (B. a)
+SEBURGH (J.)
+SELAW
+SHERWOOD (W.)
+SHIPPER (ship), plundered
+SIBEL (W.), Ambassador of England
+SIGISMUND (Emperor), assists the Knights of Jerusalem
+SILISDEN (W.)
+SINAN BASSA, HIS LETTER TO QUEEN ELIZABETH
+SITHENCE (meaning) of
+SMITH (T.)
+SNYCOP (J.)
+SOPHIA or SOFIA
+SOUTHAMPTON
+SPENSER, quoted
+STAPER (R.), revives trade to Levant
+  --mentioned
+STARKEY (J.)
+STETTIN
+STEYHARD (N.)
+STOCKET (N.), Ambassador of England
+STRABO, quoted
+STRALSSUND
+STURMY. See _Esturmy_
+SUANDEPOLCUS, Duke of Pomerania
+SULTANA (of Turkey), LETTER TO QUEEN ELIZABETH
+SUSAN (ship), Her voyage to Constantinople
+
+TAMASSUS. See _Famagusta_
+TANCRED, King of Sicily
+TARIFFA
+TELENSIN or FLEMCEN
+TENEDOS (island)
+TERRY (W.)
+TETTINGEN (W. de), LETTER TO SIR W. ESTURMY
+THEODORICUS, Earl of Aldenborg
+THESTER (T.)
+TIEFLEN (J. a)
+TILBURY
+TOBACCO, first introduced
+TOOTOO, use of reduplication
+TOPCLIFFE (J.)
+TREATY. See _Agreement_
+TRENT
+TREVESO
+TRINITY (ship), seized
+TRINITY FITZWILLIAMS (ship)
+TRUCHSES (M.)
+TUK (L.)
+TUNIS, taken by Charles V
+TURKEY, THE TRADE WITH
+TUSIMER (H. a)
+TUTTEBURIE. (J.)
+TYRE
+
+URE (meaning of)
+
+VARNA
+VENICE
+VILLIERS (Philip de), Grand Master of Rhodes
+VIRUMNIUS, quoted
+VISTULA
+VITALIANS
+VITOLDUS. capt. of Tartars
+VLADISLAUS, fights the Knights of Jerusalem
+
+WALCHERN island
+WALENROD (C.)
+WALKER, meaning of old word
+WALPODE (S.), Ambassador of Prussia
+WALPOT (H. of)
+WALRODE (C. de), Ambassador of Prussia
+WALSINGHAM, quoted
+WALTERS (J.)
+WALTHAM
+WARTESLAUS, son of Suandepolcus
+WATERDEN (T.)
+WESENHAM (J.)
+WEST-STOWE
+WIGHT (J.), sent to the Levant
+WIGHT (R.)
+WILFORD (N.)
+WILFORD (W.)
+WILLIAM (The Pilgrim), his travels
+WILLIAMSON (J.), HIS VOVAGE TO CANDIA
+WINTER (W.)
+WISEDOME (J.)
+WISMER
+WISSENBURG (Castle), built
+WITTENBURG
+WIVETON
+WOOD, pilot
+WYMAN (H,)
+
+YARMOUTH
+YARMOUTH (Isle of Wight)
+YLGENBURG, built
+YORK
+
+ZANTE
+ZARA
+ZEMBRA
+ZEPISWICH.  See _Ipswich._
+ZOLNER (C. of Rotenstein), sends ambassadors to Richard II.
+  --THEIR SPEECH
+ZUYUERSEE
+
+
+
+
+VOL. VI
+
+ABYDOS, a city of Egypt
+ACRIDOPHAGI, live on locusts
+  --Their extraordinary death
+ADRIMACHIDE, their manners
+AFRICA, DESCRIBED
+  --Its limits
+  --Its original inhabitants
+  --Agricultural produce
+  --Its Fauna
+  --Its state in 1659
+AGATHIRSIANS, their manners
+ALEXANDER, mentioned
+ALEXANDRIA, a city of Egypt
+ALFRED, sends alms to India
+ALKAIR. See _Cairo_
+ALKORAN. See _Koran_
+ALLEGONA, a town of Grand Canary, taken and sacked
+ALLEGRANIA (island)
+ALURED, bishop of Worcester, his voyage to Constantinople and Syria
+AMAZONS, their manners
+AMERICA, an island
+APHRES, their mariners
+APSLEY (W.), Bookseller
+ARABIA, its limits
+  --Manners of the inhabitants
+  --Their marriage customs
+  --Produce
+  --Contracts
+  --Spices
+  --Serpents
+  --Monarchs
+  --Precious metals
+  --Arms
+  --First adopts Mahometanism
+ARAXIS (river)
+ARGIPPIANS, their manners
+ARITONE, quoted
+ARMENIANS, mentioned
+ARUNDEL (Earl of), Dedication of Fardel of Facions to
+ASIA, its limits
+  --DESCRIBED
+  --Derivation of the name
+ASTROLOGY in Egypt
+ASSYRIA, DESCRIBED
+  --Boundaries
+  --Produce
+  --Boats
+  --Dress
+  --Marriage customs
+  --Medicine
+  --Burial customs
+  --Magi or Chaldei
+ATLANTES, their manners
+AXIAMA
+
+BABYLON, a city-of Egypt
+BABYLONIA. See _Assyria._
+BAILEY (N.) quoted
+BALE, quoted
+BALLARD (W.), in service of Nicolas Thorne
+BEROALD (P.), quoted
+BEROSUS, quoted
+BETANCOURT (J.), obtains the title of King of the Canaries
+BIBLIOTHECA CURIOSA, quoted
+BLACKNESS
+BLANCO (cape)
+BLOMME (de)
+BOCCHORIS, the Pharaoh of Moses
+BOCCHORIDES, a lawgiver of Egypt
+BOEMUS (J.), mentioned
+BONA ESPERANCA (cape)
+BORROWING on parents' corpse
+BRACAMONT (R. de), Admiral of France, mentioned
+BRILL
+BROKAGE (meaning of)
+BUDINES, their manners
+BURROUGHS, mentioned
+BYNON (Captain)
+
+CAIRO, a city of Egypt
+CALAIS
+CALIFORNIA
+CALLACUT (cape)
+CAMPION (Caspar), his letters to Lock and Winter
+CANARIA. See _Grand Canary._
+CANARY ISLANDS, THE ANCIENT TRADE OF THE ENGLISH TO
+  --Exports from
+  --DESCRIBED BY THOMAS NICOLS
+  --Ancient inhabitants
+  --CONQUEST OF
+  --mentioned
+CANARY WINE
+CANNIBALISM
+CANTON
+CASELIN (E.), mentioned
+CASPII, mentioned
+CATER (Captain)
+CAVE-DWELLINGS, in Grand Canary
+CECIL (Sir Robert), Dedication to
+CESARIAN (island)
+CHAIRUS. See _Cairo_
+CHALDEI. See _Assyria_
+CHILI
+CHRISTIANITY, ITS HISTORY
+CHRISTOPHER (The), Sails for Santa Cruz
+CHURCH, HISTORY AND DOCTRINES OF THE
+CLAUDIANS, not circumcised
+CLOINYNG (meaning of)
+CLOPER (W. D.)
+CLUVERIUS, his description of Africa
+COLUMBUS (Christopher), mentioned
+CONQUEST of the Grand Canaries
+CRANMER, his answer to Bishop Gardiner, quoted
+CREMATION
+CYNECI, their manners
+CYNNAMI, their manners
+CYRUS, mentioned
+
+DALIDAE, a city of Panchaia
+DAMASCUS, attacked by Mahomet
+DAMIETTA (siege of), mentioned
+DANIEL (S.), quoted
+DARIEN (isthmus of)
+DARIUS, mentioned
+DARTMOUTH
+DAVIS (J.), HIS WORLDES HYDROGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION
+  --His preface
+  --His first voyage
+  --His second voyage
+  --His third voyage
+  --His Seamen's Secreats
+DAWSON (T.), printer
+DELIVER, meaning of word
+DERBY (Earl of), his journey
+DERRICKSON (Captain), killed
+DESERT, or DESERTAS
+DESOLATION (coast)
+DIODORUS SICULUS, quoted
+DIOSPOLIS
+DOEST (P. Van)
+DOG-HEADED MEN
+DOVER
+DRAKE (Sir Francis)
+DRAYTON, his Polyolbion quoted
+
+EARTH (THE DIVISIONS AND LIMITS OF THE)
+EDGAR (Prince), his voyage
+EDWARD (Prince), mentioned
+EGYPT, DESCRIBED
+  --Manners of the inhabitants
+  --Their double alphabet
+  --Dress
+  --Religion
+  --Food
+  --Memento Mori
+  --Learning
+  --Monarch
+  --Funeral ceremonies
+  --Political divisions
+  --Finance
+  --Astrology
+  --Divisions into classes
+  --Laws
+  --Marriage customs
+  --Education
+  --Medicine
+  --Sacred Animals
+  --Curious borrowing transactions
+ESPECIO (E. de)
+ESSENES or ESSEIS, their peculiarities
+ETHIOPIA, DESCRIBED
+  --ITS INHABITANTS
+  --Government
+  --Dress
+  --Animals
+  --Agricultural produce
+  --Precious stones
+  --Burial
+  --Religion
+  --Election of King
+  --Clergy
+  --Army
+  --Laws
+  --Punishment of adultery
+  --Banquets
+EXACONTHALITUS, a rare stone
+EXETER
+
+FAMAGUSTA, invaded by Mustapha Basha
+FARDLE OF FACIONS, REPRINTED, Preface
+FELLES, meaning of
+FERRO. See _Hierro_
+FINISTERRE (Cape)
+FITCH (Ralph), his voyage to China, mentioned
+FITZROY (Oliver), son of King John
+FLETCHER, his Purple Island, quoted
+FLORENTIUS WIGORNIENSIS, quoted
+FLORIDA, discovered
+  --Voyages, of Ribault, Laudonniere, and Gourges
+  --printed by Hakluyt
+FLUSHING, mentioned
+FORTEVENTURA, DESCRIBED, mentioned
+FOUCHAl. See _Fienchal_
+FOXE, quoted
+FREDERICK. (Cæsar), mentioned
+FROWARD (cape)
+
+GALDER, a city of Grand Canary
+GALVANO, HIS ACCOUNT OF MACHAM'S DISCOVERY OF MADEIRA
+GAMING forbidden on the Canary Fleet
+GARACHICO, a town of Teneriffe
+GASCOYNE, his Steel Glass quoted
+GEERBRANSTON (J.)
+GEORGIANS, mentioned
+GHELEINSON (C.)
+GIMNOSOPHIST. E
+GLANVILLE (R.), Earl of Chester, goes to siege of Damietta
+GOLDEN ASS, mentioned
+GOMERA, DESCRIBED, THE TAKING OF
+GOURGES, his voyage to Florida
+GOWBIN, meaning of word
+GRACIOSA, mentioned, taken
+GRAND CANARY, DESCRIBED
+  --Derivation of the name
+  --Original inhabitants
+  --Principal of the Canary Isles
+  --Its produce
+  --Its position
+  --Visited by the Dutch fleet
+  --taken
+GREENLAND, visited by Davis
+GRIPHONES
+GROIN (The)
+GUANCHES
+GUIA, a city of Grand Canary
+GUIDALES, their manners
+
+HAKLUYT (R.), in possession of Thorne's account of the Canaries
+HAREBORNE (William), mentioned
+HARIOT (Thomas), mentioned
+HARLAC, Chief Justice of France, mentioned
+HARMAN (Captain)
+HAWKINS (Sir John)
+HELIOPOLIS, a city of Egypt
+HENRY II, his vow
+HENRY III, of Castille, mentioned
+HERODOTUS, quoted
+HESPERA, an island
+HEYWOOD (T.), quoted
+HICKMAN (A.), mentioned
+HIEROGLYPHICS
+HIERO, DESCRIBED
+HIGINIUS, quoted
+HILL (J.), plants a vineyard in Hieros
+HOCK-MONDAY, The festival explained
+HOLLINSHED, quoted
+HUGHES (R.), quoted
+HYRACIDA, a city of Panchaia
+
+ICELAND
+ICHTHIOPHAGI, a race of fish eaters
+IDIOTES, their drink
+ILOPHAGI, a tree-inhabiting race
+IMAUS (mountain)
+INDIA, DESCRIBKD
+  --Its boundaries
+  --Rivers
+  --Climate
+  --Produce
+  --Fauna
+  --Precious stones
+  --Its inhabitants long-lived
+  --Dress
+  --Manners
+  --Burial ceremonies
+  --Religious ceremonies
+  --Castes
+  --Laws
+  --Fakirs
+  --Brahmins
+  --Suttee
+  --Curious marriage custom
+  --Fabulous stories
+  --Money
+INDIES (West), A BRIEF DECLARATION OF THE ADMIRALS DEPARTING TOWARDS THE
+INGULPHUS, abbot of Croiland, his journey
+ISSEDONNES, eat the dead
+
+JACOBITES
+JAPAN
+JENKINSON, mentioned
+JOHN, mentioned
+JOHN II. of Castille, mentioned
+JOHN OF HOLLAND, his travels
+JOSEPHUS, quoted, his history of the Jews
+JUBA, said to have brought dogs from the Canaries
+JUDEA. See _Palestine_
+
+KATHERINE, regent of Castille, mentioned
+KLOYER (Captain)
+KORAN, given by Mahomet
+
+LAGUNA (lake)
+LANCASTER (James), his voyage to the Straits of Malacca
+LANCEROT (island), See _Lauzarota_
+LAUDONNIERE, his voyage to Florida
+LAUZAROTA, DESCRIBED
+LAROTAVA, a town of Teneriffe
+LE MAIRE, his voyage to the Canaries
+LEONARDSON (Captain)
+LICOURICELY (meaning of)
+LIME
+LIRCEI, their manners
+LISBON
+LOCKE (T.), mentioned
+LOPEZ (Francis), mentioned
+LUZOM (island)
+
+MACAO, possesses a printing press in 1590
+MACES, their manners
+MACHAM'S DISCOVERY OF MADEIRA
+  --Elopes with an Englishwoman
+  --Lands in Machico bay
+  --builds a chapel to bury her in
+  --Makes a boat and escapes to Africa
+  --The story confirmed by modern investigations
+MACHICO, a town of Madeira
+MACHLIES, their manners
+MADEIRA, DISCOVERKD BY MACHAN
+  --Derivation of the name
+  --DESCRIBKD
+  --Its produce
+MAGELLAN (straits of)
+MAGI. See _Assyria_
+MAHOMET, Either Arabian or Persian
+  --giveth the Koran
+  --Assisted by Sergius
+  --His religion
+  --Attacks Damascus
+MALACCA (cape)
+MALIAPOR, burying place of St. Thomas
+MALMESBURV (William of), quoted
+MAN, HIS ORIGIN
+  --False opinions as to
+  --Performs woman's work
+MANILLA
+MARIES, their manners
+MAROUINES
+MARTYR (Peter), mentioned
+MASSAGETES, their habits
+  --Eat their old men
+MAURICE (Prince)
+MECCA
+MEDEA, DESCRIBED
+  --Its boundaries
+  --Manners of the inhabitants
+MEGASTHENES, quoted
+MEINT (meaning of)
+MELA (Pomponius), quoted
+MELANCHLENI
+MEMPHIS. See _Cairo_
+MENDOZA (A. de)
+MEOTIS (lake)
+MERCHATES
+MERMAID (ship), deserts Davis
+MEROE, capital of Ethiopia
+METRETES
+MEXICO
+MIDUALL. (Thomas), factor to Nicolas Thome
+MOLUCCA (islands)
+MOLYNEUX (E.), his map
+MONGOLLS, a tribe of Tartary
+MONSTERS
+MOSES, mentioned
+MOY LAMBERT (ship)
+MUSTAPHA BASHA, his invasion of Nicosia and Famagusta
+
+NARES, quoted
+NASAMONES, their manners
+NEPOS (C.), quoted
+NESTORIANS
+NEURIENS, their manners
+NEWBERY (John), his voyage to China
+NICOLS (Thomas), HIS DESCRIPTION OF THE CANARY ISLES
+NICOSIA invaded by Mustapha Basha
+NILE, its overflow
+NOBLE, value of a
+NORTH CAPE
+NORTH EAST PASSAGE, Davis's hydrographical objection against
+NORTH WEST PASSAGE, proved to exist
+  --Benefits to   be derived by England from
+NOVA ZEMLA
+
+OB (river)
+OCEAN cannot freeze
+OCEANIDA, a city of Pauchira
+ONLIVE, a curious form of ALIVE
+OPHYOPHAGI, a race of snake eaters
+ORANGE (ship)
+ORCHELL, a kind of moss used for dyeing, exported from the Canary Isles
+OROSIUS, quoted
+ORTEGAL (Cape)
+OSBORNE (Sir Edward), mentioned
+
+PALESTINE, DESCRIBED
+  --Its boundaries
+  --Laws of its inhabitants
+PALASSA, DESCRIBED
+PANCHAIA, DESCRIBED
+  --Manners of its inhabitants
+PAPYRUS, used for paper
+PARTHIA, DESCRIBED
+  --Its boundaries
+  --History
+  --Manners of the inhabitants
+PAULUS VENETUS, mentioned
+PERSEPOLIS, Capitol of Persia
+PERSIA, DESCRIBED
+  --Its boundaries
+  --Manners of the inhabitants
+PERU
+PETER IV, king of Aragon
+PHARISEES, their peculiarities
+PHILIPPINE (islands)
+PICO DETEITHE. _See Peak of Teneriffe_
+PIJE (Captain)
+PLINY, quoted
+PLOMPES (meaning of)
+PLYMOUTH
+POENI, DESCRIBED
+  --Eat lice
+  --Curious marriage custom
+  --Manner of taking an oath
+  --Their food
+POLE, the place of greatest dignity
+POLICRITUS, quoted
+POMPEIUS (Trogus), quoted
+POPILINIERE, mentioned
+POSES (meaning of word)
+PRESTER JOHN
+PRINTING, in use at Macao in 1590
+PTOLEMY, quoted
+
+QUIT (Captain) shipwrecked
+
+RAMUSIUS (J. B.), mentioned
+RHODES (siege of)
+RIALEIO, a town of Teneriffe
+RIBAULT, his voyage to Florida
+RICHARD, Earl of Cornwall, mentioned
+RICHARD I., his voyage to Palestine
+ROBERT (Curthose), his voyage
+ROBIN HOOD, mentioned
+ROTTERDAM, mentioned
+ROVERS (meaning of)
+ROWKE (meaning of)
+ROXENT (cape)
+RYZOPHAGI, their manners
+
+SABA, a city of Arabia
+SABELLICUS, quoted
+SADDUCEES, their doctrines
+ST. AUGUSTIN, quoted
+ST. AUGUSTIN (cape)
+ST. LUCARS
+ST. NICHOLAS
+ST. VINCENT (cape)
+SALLUST, quoted
+SALVAGES (island)
+SANDRIDGE
+SANDERSON (W.)
+  --Publishes a globe
+SAN LUCAR, mentioned
+SANTA CRUX, chief town in Teneriffe
+SANTA MARIA (cape)
+SARACENS, a tribe of Arabians
+  --Unite with the Turks
+SCYTHIA, DESCRIBED
+  --History
+  --Manners
+  --Skinning of Enemies
+  --Religion
+  --Contracts
+  --Burial rites
+SEGONIUS (M.), quoted
+SERETENES, their habits
+SERGIUS (Monk), assists Mahomet
+SEVILLE
+SHAKESPEARE, quoted
+SIGETMUS, Bishop of Sherborne, mentioned
+SKULLS, used as drinking cups
+SNARL, the derivation
+SNYTE, meaning of the word
+SOLINUS, quoted
+SOOTE, meaning of word
+SPACHEFORD, (Thomas), traded with Canary Islands in 1526
+SPENCER, His Faerie Queene, quoted
+  --His Shepherd's Kalendar, quoted
+SPERMATOPHAGI, a vegetarian race
+SPICES
+STAPER, (R.), mentioned
+STEVENS, (Thomas), his travels
+STRABO, quoted
+SUGAR, manufacture of
+SUGAR CANES, planting and growth of
+SWIFT, mentioned
+
+TABIN (promontory)
+TACITUS (Cornelius), quoted
+TALE OF A TUB, an old proverb
+TANAIS (river)
+TARTARY, DESCRIBED
+  --Its boundaries
+  --Climate
+  --Military organisation
+  --History
+  --Habits of inhabitants
+  --Religion
+  --Food
+  --Dress
+  --Burials
+  --Government
+TAUROSCHITHIANS, their manners
+  --Sacrifice shipwrecked mariners
+TAURUS (Mount)
+TELDE, a city of Grand Canary
+TENERIFFE, visited by the Christopher
+  --DESCRIBED
+  --Its position
+  --mentioned
+TENERIFFE (Peak of)
+TEXELL
+THEBES, a city of Egypt
+THEUET (A.), his "new found world Antarctikc" criticized
+THORNE (Nicolas), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE TRADE WITH THE CANARIES
+THUNESSON (H.)
+TISON (Thomas), the West India correspondent of N. Thrne
+TRITONIS, a river of Africa
+TROGLODITES, their manners
+TROUGHES (meaning of)
+TUNIS, invaded by Henry, Earl of Derby
+TURKEY, DESCRIBED
+  --Boundaries
+  --Manners of inhabitants
+  --Military organisation
+  --Dwellings
+  --Dress
+  --Food and drink
+  --Education
+  --Laws
+  --Relation of the sexes
+
+USHANT (cape)
+VASQUEZ (F.)
+VAYGATS
+VENUS, curious worship of
+VERDE (cape)
+VERDE (cape), islands of
+VIVERO, a town of Spain
+
+WALSINGHAM (Sir F.)
+WAN, its meaning
+WATREMAN (W.), HIS FARDLE OF FACIONS
+WHOTE (meaning of)
+WIGHT (Isle of)
+WILLOUGHBY (Sir Hugh), mentioned
+WOMEN trained to war
+  --Perform man's work
+  --How to dispose of plain women in marriage
+  --Form a bodyguard to kings of India
+WOOD (meaning of)
+WORLDES HYDROGRGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION. by J. DAVIS
+ZABIQUES, their manners
+ZWARTEKEYS, (J. C.), killed
+
+
+
+
+VOL. VII.
+
+ALEXANDER (The Great)
+ALGIERS
+ALLEN (I), sent to the low countries
+ALTEMIRA (Conde de)
+ALVA (Duke of)
+ALVELANA
+ANDRADA (Conde de)
+ANGRA
+ANJOU (Duke of)
+ANTONIO (Don, of Portugal)
+ANTONY (W.)
+ARK ROYAL (ship)
+ARMADA (THE GREAT)
+  --Its officers
+  --Description of its ships
+  --Preparations by the Duke of Parma, furthered by the Pope
+  --Treaty of alliance between England and the Netherlands
+  --England's preparations
+  --Commanders appointed
+  --An army collected at Tilbury
+  --Sails from Lisbon
+  --Enters English channel
+  --Advances up channel
+  --Anchors before Calais
+  --Attacked by fire ships
+  --Battle off Gravelines
+  --Determines to sail round Scotland
+  --Visits Orkneys
+  --Shipwrecked on the coast of Ireland
+  --Disastrous return to Spain
+  --Wrecks in the Hebrides
+  --Commemorative coins struck
+  --Public rejoicings
+ASCENSION (ship)
+ASHLEY (Sir A.)
+AYDE (ship)
+AZORES, A VOYAGE TO THE
+  --Mentioned
+  --VOYAGE OF GEORGE, EARL OF CUMBERLAND, TO THE
+  --FIGHT ABOUT, BETWEEN THE REVENGE AND THE SPANISH FLEET
+  --EXPERIENCE AN EARTHQUAKE
+
+BARNAM (Alderman)
+BARTON (Captain), wounded
+BASSAN (Don A.)
+BAYONN (islands of)
+BEARES (W)
+BELLINGHAM (H)
+BENCASAMP (Beys Hamet), Ambassador from Morocco
+BERGHEN
+BERMUDAS
+BEZA (Theo.), his verses to Queen Elizabeth
+BIBLIOTHECA CURIOSA
+BILBOA
+BISHOP AND CLERKS
+BLANCO (cape)
+BLANKENBERG
+BLUNT (Sir C.)
+BONAVENTURE (ship)
+BOND (M.)
+BOROUGH (William)
+BORSIS, burnt
+BOSWELL (Capt.)
+BOVADILLA (F)
+BRAGANZA (Duke of)
+BRASILL (promontory)
+BRET (Colonel)
+  --Killed
+BRITANDONA (Admiral)
+BRODBANKE (J.), taken prisoner
+BROMLEY (T.)
+BROOKE (Sir H.)
+BURLINGS (The)
+BURRELL (J.) taken prisoner
+BUTLER (Sir Philip)
+
+CADIZ, EXPEDITION OF SIR F. DRAKE AGAINST THE SPANISH FLEET
+  --mentioned
+  --THE HONORABLE VOYAGE TO
+CALAIS
+CARELESS (Capt. F)
+CAREW (Sir R.)
+CAREY (Sir George)
+CARRE (Captain), killed
+CARSEY (Captain), mortally wounded
+CARTHEGENA
+CASCAIS
+CATHOLICS, sent to Ely and Wisbeach
+CAVE (Captain)
+  wounded
+CAVERLY (Captain)
+CECIL (Sir Robert)
+CECIL (Sir Thomas)
+CENTURION (ship)
+  --ITS FIGHT AGAINST 5 SPANISH GALLIES
+CHATHAM
+CHERUBIM (ship)
+CIPRIAN (M.) ambassador from Don Antonio
+CLEAR (cape)
+CLIFFORD (Sir C.)
+COMMISSION OF THE KING OF SPAIN FOR THE GENERAL ARREST OF THE ENGLISH
+CONCEPTION (ship)
+COOPER (Captain), killed
+COOPER (R.)
+COOPER (W.)
+CORDALL (M.)
+CORNISH (W.)
+CORUNNA
+CORVO (island)
+COSTELY (ship)
+CRANE (ship)
+CRESCENT (ship)
+CRISPE (Captain)
+CROSSE (Captain), sent to England
+  --mentioned
+CUMBERLAND (George, Earl of), VOYAGES TO THE AZORES
+  --mentioned
+DARCIE (E.)
+DARIUS, mentioned
+DAVIS (John)
+DEFIANCE (ship)
+DENNY (Sir Edward)
+DESMOND (Earl of)
+DESMOND (Sir James), hanged
+DESMOND (Sir John)
+DESMOND (Morice of)
+DEVEREUX (Walter)
+DOLPHIN (Captain), wounded
+  --mentioned
+DOLPHIN (ship)
+DRAKE (Sir Francis), AN ACCOUNT OF HIS EXPEDITION TO THE BAY OF CADIZ
+  --His travels
+  --Second in command against Cadiz
+  --Mentioned
+DRAKE (T.)
+DRAKE (ship)
+DREADNOUGHT (ship)
+DREW (J.)
+DUDLEY (H.)
+DUDLEY (Sir R.)
+DUFFIELD (M.)
+DUNKERK
+
+EARTHQUAKE
+EDDYSTONE
+EDWARD BONAVENTURE (ship)
+ELIZABETH (Queen) visits the army at Tilbury
+  --Enters London in triumph after defeat of Armada
+  --Congratulations to
+  --Her prayer
+ELIZABETH (ship)
+EMDEN
+EMMANUEL (Don, of Portugal)
+ERINGTON (Captain)
+ESSEX (Earl of)
+  --Joins the fleet
+  --Forms an ambush
+  --mentioned
+ESCOVEDO, Secretary to King of Spain
+EVESHAM (J.), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE VOYAGE TO THE AZORES
+EXARAMA DE LOS CAVALLEROS
+EXARAMA DE OBISPO
+
+FAIR ISLE
+FALCON (ship)
+FALMOUTH
+FAYAL
+  --Taken
+FENNER (captain)
+  ==rebuked
+
+FIGHT, BETWEEN TEN SHIPS OF LONDON AND TEN SPANISH GALLIES IN THE STRAITS
+  OF GIBRALTAR
+  --BETWEEN THE CENTURION AND FIVE SPANISH GALLIES
+  --Between five ships of London and eleven gallies
+FLEMING (captain)
+FLICKE (R.), HIS REPORT AS TO SUPPLIES TO LORD THOMAS HOWARD
+FLORES (A.)
+FLORES (island)
+FLORIDA
+FLUSHING
+FORESIGHT (ship)
+FOSTER, captain of the Primrose
+FRANCISCO (Don, de Toledo)
+FROBISHER (Sir Martin)
+FULFORD (captain)
+FURTHO (captain)
+
+GALEONS (description of)
+GALLIASSES (description of)
+GENEBELLI (F.), fortifies the Thames
+GEORGE NOBLE (ship)
+GIBRALTAR
+GODOLPHIN (Sir Francis)
+GOLDSMID (E.), his Bibliotheca Curiosa quoted
+GRACIOSA (island)
+GRAVELINES (battle off)
+GRENVILLE (Sir Richard), his fight in the Revenge
+  --THE MOST HONORABLE TRAGEDY OF
+GROIN (The)
+GUZMAN (Don P. E. de)
+GWIN (D.), conquers three Spanish ships
+
+HALES (Sir J.)
+HAMBURG
+HATTON (Sir William)
+HAVANA
+HAWES (John)
+HAWKINS (Sir John)
+HELCLIFFE
+HERBERT (Lord)
+HINDER (captain)
+HISPANIOLA, devastated
+HOHENLOE (Count)
+HONDURAS
+HOPE (ship)
+HOPKINS, preacher to Earl of Essex
+HOWARD (Lord Charles)
+  --Appointed Lord High Admiral
+  --Mentioned
+  --HIS LETTER TO THE DUKE OF MEDINA SIDONIA
+HOWARD (Lord Thomas)
+HUNTLEY (colonel)
+
+ILA (island)
+
+JACKSON (Captain)
+JOHN (Don, of Austria)
+JONES (Philip), REPORT OF FIGHT BETWEEN FIVE SHIPS OF LONDON AND ELEVEN
+  GALLIES
+JUAN (S. de Colorado)
+
+KILLIGREW (W.)
+KNIGHTHOOD conferred on Englishmen at Cadiz
+LADD (J.)
+LANE (Colonel)
+LA ROCHELLE
+LAS CASAS, his account of the West Indies, quoted
+LEICESTER (Earl of)
+LEIVA (Don P. de)
+LEVISON (Sir R.)
+LEWIS (island)
+LINSCHOTEN (J. H. van), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE EXPLOITS OF THE ENGLISH AGAINST
+  THE SPANIARDS
+LION (ship)
+LISBON
+LISTER (Capt. C)
+  --His death
+LIZARD (The)
+LONDON
+  --Plague of
+  --mentioned
+LONG (H.)
+LORES
+LUBECK
+LUNA (Don Juan de)
+LYME
+MADRE DE DIOS (ship), taken
+MALACCA
+MANDRANA (D. de)
+MARCHANT ROYAL (ship)
+MARGARET (ship)
+MARGARET AND JOHN (ship)
+MARKESBURY (captain)
+MARY ROSE (ship)
+MARY SPARKE (ship), voyage to the Azores
+MEDINA (J. L. de)
+MEDINA SIDONIA (Duke of), commands the Armada
+  --LETTER FROM LORD CHARLES HOWARD
+MEDKERK (colonel)
+MEG (ship)
+MENDOZA (A. de)
+MERVIN
+METERAN (E. van), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA
+MEXICO (bay of)
+MIDDLEBOROUGH
+MIDDLETON (captain)
+MINION (ship)
+MINSHAW (captain)
+MONCADO (H. de)
+  --Wrecked
+MOONE (R.)
+MOUNSON (Sir W.)
+
+NETHERLANDS, their treaty with England against Spain
+NEWHAVEN
+NOMBRE DE DIOS
+NORRIS (General)
+NORRIS (Sir Edward)
+NORRIS (Sir Henry)
+NORTH CAPE
+NORTON (M.)
+NOVA, HISPANIA, note of fleet from
+NOWELL (H.)
+
+OQUENDO (M. de)
+  --taken
+ORANGE (Prince of)
+ORCADES. See _Orkney_
+ORKNEYS
+OSTEND, Mutiny suppressed at
+OUSLEY (Captain), Ambassador from General Norris
+
+PALAVICINI (Sir H.)
+PARMA (Duke of)
+  --His preparations in support of the Armada
+PARTRIDGE (M.)
+PENICHE
+  --Taken
+  --Mentioned
+PERNAMBUCO
+PETUIN (captain)
+PHILPOT (captain)
+PICO. See _Teneriffe_
+PIEW (Captain R.), killed
+PIGEON (M.)
+PILGRIM (ship)
+PIMENTELLI (D.), quoted
+PLYMOUTH
+PORTLAND
+PORT REAL
+PORT ST. MARY
+PORTSMOUTH
+PORTUGAL, VOYAGE TO
+POURE (Captain Henry)
+PRESTON (Sir Amyas)
+PRIMROSE, THE ESCAPE OF THE, FROM BILBAO
+PUENTE DE BURGOS
+
+RAGUZA
+RAINBOW (ship)
+RAINFORD (T.)
+RALEIGH (Sir Walter), sends two ships to the Azores
+  --mentioned
+  --HIS ACCOUNT OF THE FIGHT OF THE REVENGE
+RALEIGH (ship)
+RAM HEAD
+RED ROSE (ship)
+REVENGE (ship), HER FIGHT WITH THE SPANISH NAVY
+REYMOND (Capt.)
+RICALDE (J. M. de)
+RICHARD (ship)
+ROTTERDAM
+ROW (J.)
+ROWIT (M.)
+ROYDEN (Captain)
+
+ST. GEORGE (island)
+ST. HELENA
+SAINT JOHN (ship)
+ST. MALO
+ST. MARIE (island)
+ST. MICHAEL'S
+ST. VINCENT (cape)
+SALOMON (ship)
+SAMPSON (Captain A.)
+SAMPSON (Captain J.)
+SAMUEL (ship)
+SAN ANTONIO attacked
+SAN DOMINGO
+SAN DOMINGO (cloister of)
+SAN JULIANS
+SAN LUCAR (island)
+SAN PHILIP (ship), taken
+SAN PHILIP (ship)
+SAN SEBASTIAN
+SANTA CRUZ (Marquis of)
+SANT IAGO
+SARMIENTO (P.), Governor of Straits of Magellan
+SAUCY JACK (ship)
+SCIPIO, mentioned
+SERALTA (Marquis of)
+SERPENT (ship), voyage to the Azores
+SETUVAL
+SEYMOUR (Lord Henry)
+SIDNEY (Colonel)
+SIXTUS (Pope), furthers the Armada
+SPAIN, THE VOYAGE TO, BY COLONEL ANTHONY WINKFIELD
+SPENCER (lieutenant), killed
+STAPER (R.)
+SUSAN (ship)
+SUSSEX (Earl of)
+SYDENHAM (Capt.), killed
+
+TENERIFFE
+TERCERA (island)
+TERZA, explained
+  --Captains of
+THIN (capt.)
+TILBURY, army collected at
+TITION
+TOBACCO, mentioned
+TOBY (ship)
+TORRES VEDRAS
+TRISTRAM (J.), killed
+TWID
+
+UMPTON (Colonel)
+USHANT
+
+VALDEZ (D. F. de)
+VALDEZ (Don P. de)
+  --Taken
+VANDERFOORD (Sir J.)
+VAVASOUR (Thomas)
+VENNER (T.)
+VERA (J. de), taken
+VERDE (cape islands)
+VERE (Sir F.)
+VERTENDONA (M. de)
+VICTORY (ship)
+VIGO, taken
+  --burnt
+VILLA FRANCA (St. Michael's)
+VIOLET (ship)
+
+WAREFIELD (W.)
+WATTS (M.)
+WESTON (Sir R.)
+WEYMOUTH
+WHIDDON (captain)
+WHITE DOVE (ship)
+WILKINSON (E.)
+WILLIAM AND JOHN (ship)
+WILLIAMS (Sir Roger)
+WILSON (captain)
+WINGFIELD (Sir Edward)
+WINGFIELD (Captain R.)
+WINKFIELD (Sir J.), buried
+WINKFIELD (Anthony), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE VOYAGE TO SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
+  --Mentioned
+WOOD (B.)
+WRIGHT (E.), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE VOYAGE OF GEORGE, EARL OF CUMBERLAND, TO
+  THE AZORES
+YARMOUTH
+YORK (Captain)
+YOUNG (Captain), killed
+
+ZANTE
+ZOUCH (John)
+
+
+END OF INDEX.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS OF VOLS. V., VI., & VII.
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+VOL. V.
+
+I. A Catalogue of the Great Masters of the Order of the Dutch Knights,
+     commonly called the Hospitalaries of Ierusalem: and what great
+     exploites euery of the saide Masters hath achieued, etc.
+
+II. The Oration or speech of the ambassadours sent from Conradus de Zoluer
+    master generall of the land of Prussia, vnto Richard the Second, King
+    of England, etc.
+
+III. An agreement made by the ambassadours of England and Prussia,
+    confirmed by King Richard the Second
+
+IV. The letters of Conradus de Iungingen, master generall of Prussia,
+    written vnto Richard the Second, King of England, in the yeere 1398,
+    for the renouncing of a league and composition concluded betweene
+    England and Prussia, in regard of manifold injuries offered vnto the
+    Prussians
+
+V. A briefe relation of William Esturmy, and Iohn Kington concerning their
+    ambassages into Prussia, and the Hanstownes
+
+VI. Compositions and Ordinances concluded between the messengers of Frater
+    Conradus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia: and the Chancelor and
+    treasurer of the realme of England 1403
+
+VII. The letters of the chancelor and treasurer of England, vnto Frater
+    Conradus de Iungingen, master generall of Prussia 1403
+
+VIII. The letters of King Henry the 4. vnto Conradus de Iungingen the
+    master general of Prussia, for mutual conuersation and intercourse of
+    traffique to continue between the marchants of England and of Prussia,
+    for a certeine terme of time
+
+IX. The answer of Conradus thereto
+
+X. An agreement made betweene King Henry the fourth and Conradus de
+    Iungingen
+
+XI. An agreement made betweene King Henry the fourth and the common
+    societie of the Marchants of the Hans
+
+XII. A letter of Henry the fourth vnto Frater Conradus de Iungingen
+
+XIII. Letter from Frater Wernerus de Tettingen to Sir William Sturmy
+
+XIV. The letters of Henry the 4. King of England vnto Vlricus de Iungingen,
+    1408
+
+XV. The answer of Vlricus de Iungingen thereto
+
+XVI. The letters of King Henry the 4. to Frater Vlricus
+
+XVII. A new concord concluded between King Henry the 4. and Vlricus de
+    Iungingen
+
+XVIII. That the Brittons were in Italie and Greece with the Cimbrians and
+    Gaules, before the Incarnation of Christ. (Camden)
+
+XIX. The Trauaile of Helena
+
+XX. The life and trauailes of Alexander the great, Emperour and King of
+    Britaine
+
+XXI. Certaine Englishmen sent to Constantinople by the French King to
+    Iustinian the Emperour, about the yeere of Christ, 500. (Procopius)
+
+XXII. The life and trauailes of Iohn Erigena
+
+XXIII. Englishmen were the guard of the Emperours of Constantinople in the
+    reign of Iohn the sonne of Alexius Comnenus
+
+XXIV. The woorthy voiage of Richard the first, K. of England into Asia, for
+    the recouerie of Ierusalem out of the hands of the Saracens. (Iohn
+    Foxe)
+
+XXV. Epitaphium Richardi primi regis Anglorum apud Fontem Ebraldi
+
+XXVI. Epitaphium eiusdem vbi viscera eius requiescunt
+
+XXVII. The Trauailes of Gulielmus Peregrinus
+
+XXVIII. The comming of the Emperour of Constantinople called Baldwin into
+    England in the yere 1247
+
+XXIX. Confirmatio treugarum inter regem Angliae Eduardum quartum, et
+    Ioannem secundum Regem Portugalliae, 1482
+
+XXX. The voyage of Matthew Gourney against the Moores of Algier in Barbarie
+    and Spaine. (Camden)
+
+XXXI. The comming of Lyon King of Armenia into England in the yere 1386
+
+XXXII. How the King of Armenia returned out of England
+
+XXXIII. The memorable victories in diuers parts of Italie of Iohn Hawkwood
+    Englishman in the reign of Richard the second
+
+XXXIV. The comming of the Emperor of Constantinople into England, 1400
+
+XXXV. A briefe relation of the siege and taking of the Citie of Rhodes, by
+    Sultan Soliman the great Turke, translated out of French into English
+    at the motion of the Reuerend Lord Thomas Dockwray, great Prior of the
+    order of Ierusalem in England, in the yeere 1524
+
+  _Sub-section_ 1 The occasions why the great Turke came to besiege
+        the Citie of Rhodes
+
+      2 How the great Turke caused the passages to be kept, that none
+        should beare tidings of his hoste to Rhodes
+
+      3 How the lord great master consulted with the lordes for prouision
+        of the towne
+
+      4 Of the prouision for vitailes and ordinance of warre
+
+      5 How a Brigantine was sent to Candie for wine, and of diuers ships
+        that came to helpe the towne
+
+      6 How the corne was shorne downe halfe ripe and brought into the
+        towne for feare of the Turkes hoste
+
+      7 How the great master caused generall musters to be made, and sent a
+        vessell to the Turkes nauie, of whom he receiued a letter
+
+      8 The copie of the letter that the great Turke sent to the lord great
+        master, and to the people of the Rhodes
+
+      9 How the Turkes came to land in the Isle of Lango, and were driuen
+        to their ships againe by the Prior of S. Giles
+
+     10 How part of the nauie and armie of the great Turke came before the
+        citie of Rhodes
+
+     11 The number and names of the vessels that came to besiege Rhodes
+
+     12 How the lord great Master made his petition before the image of S.
+        Iohn and offered him the Keyes of the towne
+
+     13 How the women slaues would haue set fire to the towne
+
+     14 How the Turkes layd their artillerie about the towne, and of the
+        maner and quantitie of their pieces and gunshot
+
+     15 How the captaine Gabriel Martiningo came to the succor of Rhodes,
+        and all the slaues were in danger to be slaine
+
+     16 How the great Turke arriued in person before Rhodes
+
+     17 Of the marueilous mounts that the Turks made afore the towne, and
+        how the Captaines were ordered in the trenches
+
+     18 Of the politike repaires and defences that the ingenious Captaine
+        Gabriel Martiningo made within the towne against the breaches in
+        the walles
+
+     19 Of the mines that the Turks made: and how they ouerthrew part of
+        the bulwarke of England
+
+     20 How the Turks assailed the bulwarke of England, and how they were
+        driven away
+
+     21 How Sir Iohn Brough Turcoplier of England was slaine at an assault
+        of the English bulwarke
+
+     22 Of the terrible mine of the posterne of Auuergne
+
+     23 How the bulwarke of Spaine was lost and woone again
+
+     24 How the great Turke for anger that he could not get the towne,
+        would have put his chiefe captaine to death, and how they made 11
+        mines vnder the bulwarke of England
+
+     25 How the Turks were minded to haue gone their way, and of the
+        traitours within the towne, and of many great assaults
+
+     26 How the enemies assailed the posternes of Prouence and Italy, and
+        how they were driven away
+
+     27 How the treason of Sir Andrew de Merall was knowen, and of the
+        maruellous assaults that the Turks made
+
+     28 How the Turks got the plaine ground of Spaine
+
+     29 How a Geneuois came to the gate of the towne for to speake for a
+        treaty and deliuerance of the same
+
+     30 How the great Turke sent two of his men to the towne, to haue it by
+        intreating. And how the lord great master sent two knights to him,
+        to know his assurance
+
+     31 How the Ambassadours of Rhodes spake with the great Turke, and what
+        answere they had
+
+     32 How one of the Ambassadours made answere of his message, and how
+        the Commons would not agree to yeeld the towne
+
+     33 How the lord great master sent two ambassadors for the Commons to
+        the great Turke
+
+     34 How the Turks began the assault, and how the Commons agreed to
+        yeeld the towne
+
+     35 An answere to such as will make question for the deliuererance of
+        the citie of Rhodes
+
+     36 How the citie of Rhodes was yeelded to the great Turke, and of the
+        euill behauiour of certaine Turkes
+
+     37 Lenuoy of the Translator
+
+XXXVI. An Ambassage from Don Ferdinando, brother to the Emperor Charles V.
+    vnto King Henry the VIII., in the yeere 1527, desiring his aide against
+    Solyman the great Turke
+
+XXXVII. The antiquitie of the trade with English ships into the Leuant
+
+XXXVIII. A letter of Henry the VIII. to John, King of Portugall
+
+XXXIX. A voyage made with the shippes called the Holy Crosse and the Mathew
+    Gonson, to the isles of Candia and Chio, about the yeere 1534
+
+XL. Another voyage to the isles of Candia and Chio, made by the shippe the
+    Mathew Gonson about the yeere 1535
+
+XLI. The Epitaph of the valiant Esquire M. Peter Read in the South ile of
+    Saint Peters Church in Norwich
+
+XLII. A discourse of the trade of Chio, in the yeere 1569, made by Master
+    Campion
+
+XLIII. The first voyage of Robert Baker to Guinie with the Minion and
+    Primrose, set out in October 1562
+
+XLIV. The second voyage to Guinie set out in the moneth of November 1563
+
+XLV. The voyage of M. Roger Badenham with the great barke Aucher to Candia
+    and Chio, in the yeere 1550
+
+XLVI. Another discourse of the trade to Chio in the yeere 1569 made by
+    Caspar Campion
+
+XLVII. The true report of the siege and taking of Famagusta, a citie in
+    Cyprus 1571, Englished out of Italian by William Malim
+
+XLVIII. A briefe description of the iland of Cyprus
+
+    _Sub-section_ 1 In Turchas precatio
+
+XLIX. The true report of all the successe of Famagusta, made by the Earle
+    Nestor Martiningo, vnto the renowmed prince the Duke of Venice
+
+  _Sub-section_ 1 The first assault
+
+      2 The second assault
+
+      3 The third assault
+
+      4 The fourth assault
+
+      5 The fift assault
+
+      6 The sixt and last assault
+
+      7 The captaines of the Christians slaine in Famagusta
+
+      8 The names of Christians made slaues
+
+      9 The Fortifiers
+
+     10 Turkish Captains at Famagusta
+
+L. The renuing and increasing of an ancient and commodious trade in the
+    Levant
+
+LI. The letters sent from Murad Can to Elizabeth
+
+LII. The answer of her Maiestie to the aforesaid letters
+
+LIII. The Charter of the priuileges granted to the English, dated in Iune
+    1500
+
+LIV. Her Maiesties letter to the Turke, 1581
+
+LV. The letters patent graunted by Her Maiestie to Sir Edward Osborne and
+    other Marchants of London for their trade into the dominions of the
+    great Turke, 1581
+
+LVI. The Queenes Commission to Master William Hareborne, to be her
+    Maiesties ambassadour in the partes of Turkie, 1582
+
+LVII. The Queenes letters to the great Turke, 1582
+
+LVIII. A letter of the Queenes Maiestie to Ali Bassa, the Turkes High
+    Admirall
+
+LIX. A briefe remembrance of things to be indeuoured at Constantinople,
+    &c., touching our clothing and our dying, drawen by M. Richard Hakluyt
+    of the Middle Temple, 1582
+
+LX. Remembrance for Master S., &c.
+
+LXI. The voyage of the Susan of London to Constantinople
+
+LXII. A letter of Mustapha Chaus to the Queene
+
+LXIII. A letter of M. Harborne to Mustapha
+
+LXIV. A petition exhibited to the viceroy for reformation of sundry
+    iniuries offered our nation in Morea
+
+LXV. A commandement to Patrasso in Morea
+
+LXVI. A commandement for Chio
+
+LXVII. A commandement for Baliabadram
+
+LXVIII. A commandement for Egypt
+
+LXIX. A commandement to the Cadie of Alexandria
+
+LXX. A commandement to the Bassa of Alexandria
+
+LXXI. A commandement to the Cadies of Metelin and Rhodes
+
+LXXII. A commandement for Aleppo
+
+LXXIII. The voyage of Master Henry Austell to Constantinople
+
+  _Sub-section_ 1 The Turkes Passport for Captaine Austell
+
+LXXIV. A Passport of the Earle of Leicester for Thomas Foster to
+    Constantinople
+
+LXXV. The returne of Master William Hareborne from Constantinople ouerland
+    to London, 1588
+
+LXXVI. The priuilege of Peter the prince of Moldauia graunted to the
+    English Marchants
+
+LXXVII. The letters of Sinan Bassa to Queene Elizabeth
+
+LXXVIII. A letter written by the Empresse, wife of the Grand Signior Murad
+    Can to the Queene, 1594
+
+
+VOL. VI.
+
+I. Dedication to the First Edition (of Vol. II., 1599)
+
+II. The voyage of Macham on Englishman, wherein he the first of any man
+    discovered...Madeira,...written by Antonio Galuano
+
+III. A briefe note concerning an ancient trade of the English marchants to
+    the Canarie Ilands, &c.
+
+IV. A Description of...the Ilands of Canaria,...composed by Thomas Nicols,
+    &c.
+
+V. The Fardle of Facions, conteining the aunciente Maners, Customs, and
+    Lawes, of the Peoples enhabiting...Affricke and Asia (1555)
+
+  (_a_) To the Righte Honourable the Erle of Arundel, &c.
+  (_b_) The Preface of the Authour
+
+  _The First Parte._
+
+  _Chapitre_ 1. The true opinion of the deuine, concernyng the
+        beginnyng of man
+
+      2 The false opinion of the Philosophre concernyng the beginnyng of
+        man
+
+      3 The deuision and limites of the Earthe
+
+      4 Of Ethiope, and the auncient maners of that nation
+
+      5 Of Aegipte, and the auncient maners of that people
+
+      6 Of the Poeni and thother peoples of Aphrique
+
+  _The Seconde Parte_
+
+  _Chapitre_ 1 Of Asie and the peoples most famous therein
+
+      2 Of Panchaia, and the maners of the Panqueis
+
+      3 Of Assiria and Babilonia, and the maners of those peoples
+
+      4 Iewry, and of the life, maners, and Lawes of the Iewes
+
+      5 Of Media, and the maners of the Medes
+
+      6 Of Parthia, and the maner of the Parthians
+
+      7 Of Persia, and the maners and ordinaunces of the Persians
+
+      8 Of Ynde, and the vncouth trades and maners of life of the people
+        therein
+
+      9 Of Scithia, and their sterne maners
+
+     10 Of Tartarie, and the maners and power of the Tartarians
+
+     11 Of Turcquie, and of the maners, lawes, and ordenaunces of the
+        Turcques
+
+     12 Of the Christians, of their firste commyng vp, their ceremonies and
+        ordenaunces
+
+VI. The Conquest of the Grand Canaries, &c.
+
+VII. The Summary or briefe declaration of the Admirals departing towardes
+    the West Indies
+
+VIII. The Worldes Hydrographical Discription,...published by J. Dauis of
+    Sandrudg by Dartmouth...anno 1595, May 27
+
+  _Sub-section_ 1 To the Righte Honorable Lordes of Her Maiesties Most
+        Honorable Priuie Counsayle
+
+      2 The World's Hydrographical Obiections against al northerly
+        Discoueries
+
+      3 To proue a passage by the norwest, etc.
+
+      4 By experience of Trauellers to proue this passage
+
+      5 To proue the premisses by the attemptes of our owne countrymen,
+        besides others
+
+      6 By late experience to proue that America is an Iland, etc.
+
+      7 That the Ayre in colde regions is tollerable
+
+      8 That vnder the Pole is the place of greatest dignitie
+
+      9 What benefites would growe vnto Englande by this passage being
+        discouered
+
+
+VOL. VII.
+
+I. A voyage to the Azores with the Serpent and Mary Sparke, belonging to
+    Sir W. Raleigh, written by John Evesham
+
+II. A briefe Relation of the notable service performed by Sir Francis Drake
+    vpon the Spanish Fleete prepared in the Road of Cadiz...in the yeere
+    1587
+
+III. A True discourse written...by Colonel Antonie Winkfield emploied in
+    the voiage to Spaine and Portugall, 1589
+
+IV. The Escape of the Primrose from...Bilbao in Biscay
+
+V. The Spanish King's Commission for the generall arrest of the English
+
+VI. The voiage of George, Earl of Cumberland to the Azores, written by
+    Edward Wright
+
+VII. The valiant fight performed by 10 merchants ships of London against 12
+    gallies in the Straights of Gibraltar the 24. of April 1590
+
+VIII. The valiant Fight performed in the Straight of Gibraltar between the
+    Centurion of London against five Spanish Gallies in April 1591
+
+IX. A report of the trueth of the Fight about the Iles of Açores...betwixt
+    the Revenge...and an Armada of the King of Spaine; penned by the
+    honourable Sir Walter Raleigh, Knight
+
+X. A particular note of the Indian Fleet, expected to have come into Spaine
+    this present yeere of 1591
+
+XI. A report of master Robert Flicke...concerning the successe of a part of
+    the London supplies sent to my Lord Thomas Howard in the Azores
+
+XII. A large Testimony of John Huighen van Linschotten concerning the
+    worthy exploits of the Earl of Cumberland, &c.
+
+XIII. The miraculous victory achieved by the English Fleete under the Lord
+    Charles Howard upon the Spanish Huge Armada in the yeere 1588
+
+XIV. Ad Serenissimam Elizabetham, Angliae Reginam, Theodor. Beza
+
+XV. A briefe and true report of the Honorable voyage unto Cadiz, 1596
+
+XVI A copie of the Lord Admirals letters to the Duke of Medina Sidonia
+
+XVII. The Most Honourable Tragedie of Sir Richard Grinuile, 1595
+
+XVIII. A True report of a worthy fight betweene five ships of London and 11
+    gallies, written by Philip Jones
+
+XIX. Indices: viz.:--
+  Volume V.
+  Volume VI.
+  Volume VII.
+
+XX. Contents: viz.:--
+  Volume V.
+  Volume VI.
+  Volume VII.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Principal Navigations, Voyages,
+Traffiques, and Discoveries of The English Nation, v. 7, by Richard Hakluyt
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRINCIPAL NAVIGATIONS, V7 ***
+
+This file should be named 9148-8.txt or 9148-8.zip
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