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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Roughing It, Part 4</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+
+<style type="text/css">
+ <!--
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+
+<h2>ROUGHING IT, By Mark Twain, Part 4 </h2>
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Roughing It, Part 4., by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Roughing It, Part 4.
+
+Author: Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
+Release Date: July 2, 2004 [EBook #8585]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROUGHING IT, PART 4. ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<br>
+<hr>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><img alt="cover.jpg (90K)" src="images/cover.jpg" height="1071" width="733"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="spine.jpg (54K)" src="images/spine.jpg" height="1071" width="307"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center>
+<h1>ROUGHING IT, Part 4</h1>
+<br><br>
+<h2>By Mark Twain</h2>
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="frontispiece1.jpg (168K)" src="images/frontispiece1.jpg" height="643" width="903"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<a name="frontispiece2"></a>
+<center><img alt="frontispiece2.jpg (184K)" src="images/frontispiece2.jpg" height="1020" width="600"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="titlepage.jpg (95K)" src="images/titlepage.jpg" height="1064" width="705"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="dedication.jpg (18K)" src="images/dedication.jpg" height="273" width="425"></center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2>PREFATORY.</h2> </center>
+<br>
+<p>This book is merely a personal narrative, and not a
+pretentious history or a philosophical dissertation. It is a
+record of several years of variegated vagabondizing, and its
+object is rather to help the resting reader while away an idle
+hour than afflict him with metaphysics, or goad him with science.
+Still, there is information in the volume; information concerning
+an interesting episode in the history of the Far West, about
+which no books have been written by persons who were on the
+ground in person, and saw the happenings of the time with their
+own eyes. I allude to the rise, growth and culmination of the
+silver-mining fever in Nevada&mdash;a curious episode, in some
+respects; the only one, of its peculiar kind, that has occurred
+in the land; and the only one, indeed, that is likely to occur in
+it.</p>
+
+<p>Yes, take it all around, there is quite a good deal of
+information in the book. I regret this very much; but really it
+could not be helped: information appears to stew out of me
+naturally, like the precious ottar of roses out of the otter.
+Sometimes it has seemed to me that I would give worlds if I could
+retain my facts; but it cannot be. The more I calk up the
+sources, and the tighter I get, the more I leak wisdom.
+Therefore, I can only claim indulgence at the hands of the
+reader, not justification.</p>
+
+<p>THE AUTHOR.</p>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2>CONTENTS.</h2></center>
+
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+
+<p><a href="#ch31">CHAPTER XXXI.</a> The Guests at "Honey Lake Smith's"&mdash;"Bully Old
+Arkansas"&mdash;"Our Landlord"- -Determined to Fight&mdash;The Landlord's
+Wife&mdash;The Bully Conquered by Her&mdash;Another Start&mdash;Crossing the
+Carson&mdash;A Narrow Escape&mdash;Following Our Own Track&mdash;A New
+Guide&mdash;Lost in the Snow</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch32">CHAPTER XXXII.</a> Desperate Situation&mdash;Attempts to Make a
+Fire&mdash;Our Horses leave us&mdash;We Find Matches&mdash;One, Two, Three and
+the Last&mdash;No Fire&mdash;Death Seems Inevitable&mdash;We Mourn Over Our Evil
+Lives&mdash;Discarded Vices&mdash;We Forgive Each Other&mdash;An Affectionate
+Farewell&mdash;The Sleep of Oblivion</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch33">CHAPTER XXXIII.</a> Return of Consciousness&mdash;Ridiculous
+Developments&mdash;A Station House&mdash;Bitter Feelings&mdash;Fruits of
+Repentance&mdash;Resurrected Vices</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch34">CHAPTER XXXIV.</a> About Carson&mdash;General Buncombe&mdash;Hyde vs.
+Morgan&mdash;How Hyde Lost His Ranch- -The Great Landslide Case&mdash;The
+Trial&mdash;General Buncombe in Court&mdash;A Wonderful Decision&mdash;A Serious
+Afterthought</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch35">CHAPTER XXXV.</a> A New Travelling Companion&mdash;All Full and No
+Accommodations&mdash;How Captain Nye found Room&mdash;and Caused Our
+Leaving to be Lamented&mdash;The Uses of Tunnelling&mdash;A Notable
+Example&mdash;We Go into the "Claim" Business and Fail&mdash;At the
+Bottom</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch36">CHAPTER XXXVI.</a> A Quartz Mill&mdash;Amalgamation&mdash;"Screening
+Tailings"&mdash;First Quartz Mill in Nevada&mdash;Fire Assay&mdash;A Smart
+Assayer&mdash;I stake for an advance</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch37">CHAPTER XXXVII.</a> The Whiteman Cement Mine&mdash;Story of its
+Discovery&mdash;A Secret Expedition&mdash;A Nocturnal Adventure&mdash;A
+Distressing Position&mdash;A Failure and a Week's Holiday</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch38">CHAPTER XXXVIII.</a> Mono Lake&mdash;Shampooing Made Easy&mdash;Thoughtless
+Act of Our Dog and the Results&mdash;Lye Water&mdash;Curiosities of the
+Lake&mdash;Free Hotel&mdash;Some Funny Incidents a Little Overdrawn</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch39">CHAPTER XXXIX.</a> Visit to the Islands in Lake Mono&mdash;Ashes and
+Desolation&mdash;Life Amid Death Our Boat Adrift&mdash;A Jump For Life&mdash;A
+Storm On the Lake&mdash;A Mass of Soap Suds&mdash;Geological Curiosities&mdash;A
+Week On the Sierras&mdash;A Narrow Escape From a Funny
+Explosion&mdash;"Stove Heap Gone"</p>
+
+<p><a href="#ch40">CHAPTER XL.</a> The "Wide West" Mine&mdash;It is "Interviewed" by
+Higbie&mdash;A Blind Lead&mdash;Worth a Million&mdash;We are Rich At Last&mdash;Plans
+for the Future</p>
+
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><h2>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2></center>
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+
+
+116. <a href="#222">"MR. ARKANSAS ...</a><br>
+117. <a href="#225">AN ARMED ALLY</a><br>
+118. <a href="#227">CROSSING THE FLOOD</a><br>
+119. <a href="#229">ADVANCE IN A CIRCLE</a><br>
+120, <a href="#230">THE SONGSTER</a><br>
+121. <a href="#231">THE FOXES HAVE HOLES-TAIL-PIECE</a><br>
+122. <a href="#233">A FLAT FAILURE</a><br>
+123. <a href="#234">THE LAST MATCH</a><br>
+124. <a href="#236">DISCARDED VICES</a><br>
+125. <a href="#237">FLAMES-TAIL-PIECE</a><br>
+127. <a href="#240">IT WAS THUS WE MET</a><br>
+128. <a href="#242">TAKING POSSESSION</a><br>
+129. <a href="#244">A GREAT EFFORT</a><br>
+130. <a href="#246">REARRANGING AND SHIFTING</a><br>
+131. <a href="#249">WE LEFT LAMENTED</a><br>
+132. <a href="#250">PICTURE OF TOWNSEND'S TUNNEL</a><br>
+133. <a href="#253">QUARTZ MILL</a><br>
+134. <a href="#254">ANOTHER PROCESS OF AMALGAMATION</a>&nbsp;<br>
+135. <a href="#256">FIRST QUARTZ MILL IN NEVADA</a><br>
+136. <a href="#257">A SLICE OF RICH ORE</a><br>
+137. <a href="#260">THE SAVED BROTHER</a><br>
+138. <a href="#268">ON A SECRET EXPEDITION</a><br>
+139. <a href="#265">LAKE MONO</a><br>
+140. <a href="#266a">RATHER SOAPY</a><br>
+141. <a href="#266b">A BARK UNDER FULL SAIL</a><br>
+142. <a href="#268">A MODEL BOARDING HOUSE</a><br>
+143. <a href="#271">LIFE AMID DEATH</a><br>
+144. <a href="#273">A JUMP FOR LIFE</a><br>
+145. <a href="#275">"STOVE HEAP GONE"</a><br>
+146. <a href="#279">INTERVIEWING THE "WIDE WEST"</a><br>
+147. <a href="#280">WORTH A MILLION</a><br>
+148. <a href="#282">MILLIONAIRES LAYING PLANS</a><br>
+
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch31"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXI.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>There were two men in the company who caused me particular
+discomfort. One was a little Swede, about twenty-five years old,
+who knew only one song, and he was forever singing it. By day we
+were all crowded into one small, stifling bar-room, and so there
+was no escaping this person's music. Through all the profanity,
+whisky-guzzling, "old sledge" and quarreling, his monotonous song
+meandered with never a variation in its tiresome sameness, and it
+seemed to me, at last, that I would be content to die, in order
+to be rid of the torture. The other man was a stalwart ruffian
+called "Arkansas," who carried two revolvers in his belt and a
+bowie knife projecting from his boot, and who was always drunk
+and always suffering for a fight. But he was so feared, that
+nobody would accommodate him. He would try all manner of little
+wary ruses to entrap somebody into an offensive remark, and his
+face would light up now and then when he fancied he was fairly on
+the scent of a fight, but invariably his victim would elude his
+toils and then he would show a disappointment that was almost
+pathetic. The landlord, Johnson, was a meek, well-meaning fellow,
+and Arkansas fastened on him early, as a promising subject, and
+gave him no rest day or night, for awhile. On the fourth morning,
+Arkansas got drunk and sat himself down to wait for an
+opportunity. Presently Johnson came in, just comfortably sociable
+with whisky, and said:</p>
+
+<p>"I reckon the Pennsylvania 'lection&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>Arkansas raised his finger impressively and Johnson stopped.
+Arkansas rose unsteadily and confronted him. Said he:</p>
+
+<p>"Wha-what do you know a&mdash;about Pennsylvania? Answer me that.
+Wha&mdash;what do you know 'bout Pennsylvania?"</p>
+
+<p>"I was only goin' to say&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"You was only goin' to say. You was! You was only goin' to
+say&mdash;what was you goin' to say? That's it! That's what I want to
+know. I want to know wha&mdash;what you ('ic) what you know about
+Pennsylvania, since you're makin' yourself so d&mdash;-d free. Answer
+me that!"</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Arkansas, if you'd only let me&mdash;"</p>
+
+<a name="222"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="222.jpg (55K)" src="images/222.jpg" height="630" width="306">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>"Who's a henderin' you? Don't you insinuate nothing agin
+me!&mdash;don't you do it. Don't you come in here bullyin' around, and
+cussin' and goin' on like a lunatic&mdash;don't you do it. 'Coz I
+won't stand it. If fight's what you want, out with it! I'm your
+man! Out with it!"</p>
+
+<p>Said Johnson, backing into a corner, Arkansas following,
+menacingly:</p>
+
+<p>"Why, I never said nothing, Mr. Arkansas. You don't give a man
+no chance. I was only goin' to say that Pennsylvania was goin' to
+have an election next week&mdash;that was all&mdash;that was everything I
+was goin' to say&mdash;I wish I may never stir if it wasn't."</p>
+
+<p>"Well then why d'n't you say it? What did you come swellin'
+around that way for, and tryin' to raise trouble?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why I didn't come swellin' around, Mr. Arkansas&mdash;I
+just&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"I'm a liar am I! Ger-reat Caesar's ghost&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, please, Mr. Arkansas, I never meant such a thing as that,
+I wish I may die if I did. All the boys will tell you that I've
+always spoke well of you, and respected you more'n any man in the
+house. Ask Smith. Ain't it so, Smith? Didn't I say, no longer ago
+than last night, that for a man that was a gentleman all the time
+and every way you took him, give me Arkansas? I'll leave it to
+any gentleman here if them warn't the very words I used. Come,
+now, Mr. Arkansas, le's take a drink&mdash;le's shake hands and take a
+drink. Come up&mdash;everybody! It's my treat. Come up, Bill, Tom,
+Bob, Scotty&mdash;come up. I want you all to take a drink with me and
+Arkansas&mdash;old Arkansas, I call him&mdash;bully old Arkansas. Gimme
+your hand agin. Look at him, boys&mdash;just take a look at him. Thar
+stands the whitest man in America!&mdash;and the man that denies it
+has got to fight me, that's all. Gimme that old flipper
+agin!"</p>
+
+<p>They embraced, with drunken affection on the landlord's part
+and unresponsive toleration on the part of Arkansas, who, bribed
+by a drink, was disappointed of his prey once more. But the
+foolish landlord was so happy to have escaped butchery, that he
+went on talking when he ought to have marched himself out of
+danger. The consequence was that Arkansas shortly began to glower
+upon him dangerously, and presently said:</p>
+
+<p>"Lan'lord, will you p-please make that remark over agin if you
+please?"</p>
+
+<p>"I was a-sayin' to Scotty that my father was up'ards of eighty
+year old when he died."</p>
+
+<p>"Was that all that you said?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, that was all."</p>
+
+<p>"Didn't say nothing but that?"</p>
+
+<p>"No&mdash;nothing."</p>
+
+<p>Then an uncomfortable silence.</p>
+
+<p>Arkansas played with his glass a moment, lolling on his elbows
+on the counter. Then he meditatively scratched his left shin with
+his right boot, while the awkward silence continued. But
+presently he loafed away toward the stove, looking dissatisfied;
+roughly shouldered two or three men out of a comfortable
+position; occupied it himself, gave a sleeping dog a kick that
+sent him howling under a bench, then spread his long legs and his
+blanket-coat tails apart and proceeded to warm his back. In a
+little while he fell to grumbling to himself, and soon he
+slouched back to the bar and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Lan'lord, what's your idea for rakin' up old personalities
+and blowin' about your father? Ain't this company agreeable to
+you? Ain't it? If this company ain't agreeable to you, p'r'aps
+we'd better leave. Is that your idea? Is that what you're coming
+at?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why bless your soul, Arkansas, I warn't thinking of such a
+thing. My father and my mother&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Lan'lord, don't crowd a man! Don't do it. If nothing'll do
+you but a disturbance, out with it like a man ('ic)&mdash;but don't
+rake up old bygones and fling'em in the teeth of a passel of
+people that wants to be peaceable if they could git a chance.
+What's the matter with you this mornin', anyway? I never see a
+man carry on so."</p>
+
+<p>"Arkansas, I reely didn't mean no harm, and I won't go on with
+it if it's onpleasant to you. I reckon my licker's got into my
+head, and what with the flood, and havin' so many to feed and
+look out for&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"So that's what's a-ranklin' in your heart, is it? You want us
+to leave do you? There's too many on us. You want us to pack up
+and swim. Is that it? Come!"</p>
+
+<p>"Please be reasonable, Arkansas. Now you know that I ain't the
+man to&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Are you a threatenin' me? Are you? By George, the man don't
+live that can skeer me! Don't you try to come that game, my
+chicken&mdash;'cuz I can stand a good deal, but I won't stand that.
+Come out from behind that bar till I clean you! You want to drive
+us out, do you, you sneakin' underhanded hound! Come out from
+behind that bar! I'll learn you to bully and badger and browbeat
+a gentleman that's forever trying to befriend you and keep you
+out of trouble!"</p>
+
+<p>"Please, Arkansas, please don't shoot! If there's got to be
+bloodshed&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Do you hear that, gentlemen? Do you hear him talk about
+bloodshed? So it's blood you want, is it, you ravin' desperado!
+You'd made up your mind to murder somebody this mornin'&mdash;I knowed
+it perfectly well. I'm the man, am I? It's me you're goin' to
+murder, is it? But you can't do it 'thout I get one chance first,
+you thievin' black-hearted, white- livered son of a nigger! Draw
+your weepon!"</p>
+
+<p>With that, Arkansas began to shoot, and the landlord to
+clamber over benches, men and every sort of obstacle in a frantic
+desire to escape. In the midst of the wild hubbub the landlord
+crashed through a glass door, and as Arkansas charged after him
+the landlord's wife suddenly appeared in the doorway and
+confronted the desperado with a pair of scissors! Her fury was
+magnificent. With head erect and flashing eye she stood a moment
+and then advanced, with her weapon raised. The astonished ruffian
+hesitated, and then fell back a step. She followed. She backed
+him step by step into the middle of the bar-room, and then, while
+the wondering crowd closed up and gazed, she gave him such
+another tongue-lashing as never a cowed and shamefaced braggart
+got before, perhaps! As she finished and retired victorious, a
+roar of applause shook the house, and every man ordered "drinks
+for the crowd" in one and the same breath.</p>
+
+<a name="225"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="225.jpg (102K)" src="images/225.jpg" height="585" width="594">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>The lesson was entirely sufficient. The reign of terror was
+over, and the Arkansas domination broken for good. During the
+rest of the season of island captivity, there was one man who sat
+apart in a state of permanent humiliation, never mixing in any
+quarrel or uttering a boast, and never resenting the insults the
+once cringing crew now constantly leveled at him, and that man
+was "Arkansas."</p>
+
+<p>By the fifth or sixth morning the waters had subsided from the
+land, but the stream in the old river bed was still high and
+swift and there was no possibility of crossing it. On the eighth
+it was still too high for an entirely safe passage, but life in
+the inn had become next to insupportable by reason of the dirt,
+drunkenness, fighting, etc., and so we made an effort to get
+away. In the midst of a heavy snow-storm we embarked in a canoe,
+taking our saddles aboard and towing our horses after us by their
+halters. The Prussian, Ollendorff, was in the bow, with a paddle,
+Ballou paddled in the middle, and I sat in the stern holding the
+halters. When the horses lost their footing and began to swim,
+Ollendorff got frightened, for there was great danger that the
+horses would make our aim uncertain, and it was plain that if we
+failed to land at a certain spot the current would throw us off
+and almost surely cast us into the main Carson, which was a
+boiling torrent, now. Such a catastrophe would be death, in all
+probability, for we would be swept to sea in the "Sink" or
+overturned and drowned. We warned Ollendorff to keep his wits
+about him and handle himself carefully, but it was useless; the
+moment the bow touched the bank, he made a spring and the canoe
+whirled upside down in ten-foot water.</p>
+
+<a name="227"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="227.jpg (95K)" src="images/227.jpg" height="584" width="620">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Ollendorff seized some brush and dragged himself ashore, but
+Ballou and I had to swim for it, encumbered with our overcoats.
+But we held on to the canoe, and although we were washed down
+nearly to the Carson, we managed to push the boat ashore and make
+a safe landing. We were cold and water- soaked, but safe. The
+horses made a landing, too, but our saddles were gone, of course.
+We tied the animals in the sage-brush and there they had to stay
+for twenty-four hours. We baled out the canoe and ferried over
+some food and blankets for them, but we slept one more night in
+the inn before making another venture on our journey.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning it was still snowing furiously when we got
+away with our new stock of saddles and accoutrements. We mounted
+and started. The snow lay so deep on the ground that there was no
+sign of a road perceptible, and the snow-fall was so thick that
+we could not see more than a hundred yards ahead, else we could
+have guided our course by the mountain ranges. The case looked
+dubious, but Ollendorff said his instinct was as sensitive as any
+compass, and that he could "strike a bee-line" for Carson city
+and never diverge from it. He said that if he were to straggle a
+single point out of the true line his instinct would assail him
+like an outraged conscience. Consequently we dropped into his
+wake happy and content. For half an hour we poked along warily
+enough, but at the end of that time we came upon a fresh trail,
+and Ollendorff shouted proudly:</p>
+
+<p>"I knew I was as dead certain as a compass, boys! Here we are,
+right in somebody's tracks that will hunt the way for us without
+any trouble. Let's hurry up and join company with the party."</p>
+
+<p>So we put the horses into as much of a trot as the deep snow
+would allow, and before long it was evident that we were gaining
+on our predecessors, for the tracks grew more distinct. We
+hurried along, and at the end of an hour the tracks looked still
+newer and fresher&mdash;but what surprised us was, that the number of
+travelers in advance of us seemed to steadily increase. We
+wondered how so large a party came to be traveling at such a time
+and in such a solitude. Somebody suggested that it must be a
+company of soldiers from the fort, and so we accepted that
+solution and jogged along a little faster still, for they could
+not be far off now. But the tracks still multiplied, and we began
+to think the platoon of soldiers was miraculously expanding into
+a regiment&mdash;Ballou said they had already increased to five
+hundred! Presently he stopped his horse and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Boys, these are our own tracks, and we've actually been
+circussing round and round in a circle for more than two hours,
+out here in this blind desert! By George this is perfectly
+hydraulic!"</p>
+
+<a name="229"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="229.jpg (83K)" src="images/229.jpg" height="545" width="598">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Then the old man waxed wroth and abusive. He called Ollendorff
+all manner of hard names&mdash;said he never saw such a lurid fool as
+he was, and ended with the peculiarly venomous opinion that he
+"did not know as much as a logarythm!"</p>
+
+<p>We certainly had been following our own tracks. Ollendorff and
+his "mental compass" were in disgrace from that moment.</p>
+
+<p>After all our hard travel, here we were on the bank of the
+stream again, with the inn beyond dimly outlined through the
+driving snow-fall. While we were considering what to do, the
+young Swede landed from the canoe and took his pedestrian way
+Carson-wards, singing his same tiresome song about his "sister
+and his brother" and "the child in the grave with its mother,"
+and in a short minute faded and disappeared in the white
+oblivion. He was never heard of again. He no doubt got bewildered
+and lost, and Fatigue delivered him over to Sleep and Sleep
+betrayed him to Death. Possibly he followed our treacherous
+tracks till he became exhausted and dropped.</p>
+
+<a name="230"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="230.jpg (20K)" src="images/230.jpg" height="295" width="255">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Presently the Overland stage forded the now fast receding
+stream and started toward Carson on its first trip since the
+flood came. We hesitated no longer, now, but took up our march in
+its wake, and trotted merrily along, for we had good confidence
+in the driver's bump of locality. But our horses were no match
+for the fresh stage team. We were soon left out of sight; but it
+was no matter, for we had the deep ruts the wheels made for a
+guide. By this time it was three in the afternoon, and
+consequently it was not very long before night came&mdash;and not with
+a lingering twilight, but with a sudden shutting down like a
+cellar door, as is its habit in that country. The snowfall was
+still as thick as ever, and of course we could not see fifteen
+steps before us; but all about us the white glare of the snow-bed
+enabled us to discern the smooth sugar-loaf mounds made by the
+covered sage-bushes, and just in front of us the two faint
+grooves which we knew were the steadily filling and slowly
+disappearing wheel-tracks.</p>
+
+<p>Now those sage-bushes were all about the same height&mdash;three or
+four feet; they stood just about seven feet apart, all over the
+vast desert; each of them was a mere snow-mound, now; in any
+direction that you proceeded (the same as in a well laid out
+orchard) you would find yourself moving down a distinctly defined
+avenue, with a row of these snow-mounds an either side of it&mdash;an
+avenue the customary width of a road, nice and level in its
+breadth, and rising at the sides in the most natural way, by
+reason of the mounds. But we had not thought of this. Then
+imagine the chilly thrill that shot through us when it finally
+occurred to us, far in the night, that since the last faint trace
+of the wheel-tracks had long ago been buried from sight, we might
+now be wandering down a mere sage-brush avenue, miles away from
+the road and diverging further and further away from it all the
+time. Having a cake of ice slipped down one's back is placid
+comfort compared to it. There was a sudden leap and stir of blood
+that had been asleep for an hour, and as sudden a rousing of all
+the drowsing activities in our minds and bodies. We were alive
+and awake at once&mdash;and shaking and quaking with consternation,
+too. There was an instant halting and dismounting, a bending low
+and an anxious scanning of the road-bed. Useless, of course; for
+if a faint depression could not be discerned from an altitude of
+four or five feet above it, it certainly could not with one's
+nose nearly against it.</p>
+
+<a name="231"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="231.jpg (33K)" src="images/231.jpg" height="246" width="554">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch32"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXII.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof. We tested
+this by walking off in various directions&mdash;the regular
+snow-mounds and the regular avenues between them convinced each
+man that he had found the true road, and that the others had
+found only false ones. Plainly the situation was desperate. We
+were cold and stiff and the horses were tired. We decided to
+build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning. This was wise,
+because if we were wandering from the right road and the
+snow-storm continued another day our case would be the next thing
+to hopeless if we kept on.</p>
+
+<p>All agreed that a camp fire was what would come nearest to
+saving us, now, and so we set about building it. We could find no
+matches, and so we tried to make shift with the pistols. Not a
+man in the party had ever tried to do such a thing before, but
+not a man in the party doubted that it could be done, and without
+any trouble&mdash;because every man in the party had read about it in
+books many a time and had naturally come to believe it, with
+trusting simplicity, just as he had long ago accepted and
+believed that other common book-fraud about Indians and lost
+hunters making a fire by rubbing two dry sticks together.</p>
+
+<p>We huddled together on our knees in the deep snow, and the
+horses put their noses together and bowed their patient heads
+over us; and while the feathery flakes eddied down and turned us
+into a group of white statuary, we proceeded with the momentous
+experiment. We broke twigs from a sage bush and piled them on a
+little cleared place in the shelter of our bodies. In the course
+of ten or fifteen minutes all was ready, and then, while
+conversation ceased and our pulses beat low with anxious
+suspense, Ollendorff applied his revolver, pulled the trigger and
+blew the pile clear out of the county! It was the flattest
+failure that ever was.</p>
+
+<a name="233"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="233.jpg (89K)" src="images/233.jpg" height="514" width="616">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>This was distressing, but it paled before a greater
+horror&mdash;the horses were gone! I had been appointed to hold the
+bridles, but in my absorbing anxiety over the pistol experiment I
+had unconsciously dropped them and the released animals had
+walked off in the storm. It was useless to try to follow them,
+for their footfalls could make no sound, and one could pass
+within two yards of the creatures and never see them. We gave
+them up without an effort at recovering them, and cursed the
+lying books that said horses would stay by their masters for
+protection and companionship in a distressful time like ours.</p>
+
+<p>We were miserable enough, before; we felt still more forlorn,
+now. Patiently, but with blighted hope, we broke more sticks and
+piled them, and once more the Prussian shot them into
+annihilation. Plainly, to light a fire with a pistol was an art
+requiring practice and experience, and the middle of a desert at
+midnight in a snow-storm was not a good place or time for the
+acquiring of the accomplishment. We gave it up and tried the
+other. Each man took a couple of sticks and fell to chafing them
+together. At the end of half an hour we were thoroughly chilled,
+and so were the sticks. We bitterly execrated the Indians, the
+hunters and the books that had betrayed us with the silly device,
+and wondered dismally what was next to be done. At this critical
+moment Mr. Ballou fished out four matches from the rubbish of an
+overlooked pocket. To have found four gold bars would have seemed
+poor and cheap good luck compared to this.</p>
+
+<p>One cannot think how good a match looks under such
+circumstances&mdash;or how lovable and precious, and sacredly
+beautiful to the eye. This time we gathered sticks with high
+hopes; and when Mr. Ballou prepared to light the first match,
+there was an amount of interest centred upon him that pages of
+writing could not describe. The match burned hopefully a moment,
+and then went out. It could not have carried more regret with it
+if it had been a human life. The next match simply flashed and
+died. The wind puffed the third one out just as it was on the
+imminent verge of success. We gathered together closer than ever,
+and developed a solicitude that was rapt and painful, as Mr.
+Ballou scratched our last hope on his leg. It lit, burned blue
+and sickly, and then budded into a robust flame. Shading it with
+his hands, the old gentleman bent gradually down and every heart
+went with him&mdash;everybody, too, for that matter&mdash;and blood and
+breath stood still. The flame touched the sticks at last, took
+gradual hold upon them&mdash;hesitated&mdash;took a stronger
+hold&mdash;hesitated again&mdash;held its breath five heart-breaking seconds,
+then gave a sort of human gasp and went out.</p>
+
+<a name="234"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="234.jpg (42K)" src="images/234.jpg" height="365" width="410">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Nobody said a word for several minutes. It was a solemn sort
+of silence; even the wind put on a stealthy, sinister quiet, and
+made no more noise than the falling flakes of snow. Finally a
+sad-voiced conversation began, and it was soon apparent that in
+each of our hearts lay the conviction that this was our last
+night with the living. I had so hoped that I was the only one who
+felt so. When the others calmly acknowledged their conviction, it
+sounded like the summons itself. Ollendorff said:</p>
+
+<p>"Brothers, let us die together. And let us go without one hard
+feeling towards each other. Let us forget and forgive bygones. I
+know that you have felt hard towards me for turning over the
+canoe, and for knowing too much and leading you round and round
+in the snow&mdash;but I meant well; forgive me. I acknowledge freely
+that I have had hard feelings against Mr. Ballou for abusing me
+and calling me a logarythm, which is a thing I do not know what,
+but no doubt a thing considered disgraceful and unbecoming in
+America, and it has scarcely been out of my mind and has hurt me
+a great deal&mdash;but let it go; I forgive Mr. Ballou with all my
+heart, and&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>Poor Ollendorff broke down and the tears came. He was not
+alone, for I was crying too, and so was Mr. Ballou. Ollendorff
+got his voice again and forgave me for things I had done and
+said. Then he got out his bottle of whisky and said that whether
+he lived or died he would never touch another drop. He said he
+had given up all hope of life, and although ill-prepared, was
+ready to submit humbly to his fate; that he wished he could be
+spared a little longer, not for any selfish reason, but to make a
+thorough reform in his character, and by devoting himself to
+helping the poor, nursing the sick, and pleading with the people
+to guard themselves against the evils of intemperance, make his
+life a beneficent example to the young, and lay it down at last
+with the precious reflection that it had not been lived in vain.
+He ended by saying that his reform should begin at this moment,
+even here in the presence of death, since no longer time was to
+be vouchsafed wherein to prosecute it to men's help and
+benefit&mdash;and with that he threw away the bottle of whisky.</p>
+
+<a name="236"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="236.jpg (21K)" src="images/236.jpg" height="266" width="307">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Mr. Ballou made remarks of similar purport, and began the
+reform he could not live to continue, by throwing away the
+ancient pack of cards that had solaced our captivity during the
+flood and made it bearable.</p>
+
+<p>He said he never gambled, but still was satisfied that the
+meddling with cards in any way was immoral and injurious, and no
+man could be wholly pure and blemishless without eschewing them.
+"And therefore," continued he, "in doing this act I already feel
+more in sympathy with that spiritual saturnalia necessary to
+entire and obsolete reform." These rolling syllables touched him
+as no intelligible eloquence could have done, and the old man
+sobbed with a mournfulness not unmingled with satisfaction.</p>
+
+<p>My own remarks were of the same tenor as those of my comrades,
+and I know that the feelings that prompted them were heartfelt
+and sincere. We were all sincere, and all deeply moved and
+earnest, for we were in the presence of death and without hope. I
+threw away my pipe, and in doing it felt that at last I was free
+of a hated vice and one that had ridden me like a tyrant all my
+days. While I yet talked, the thought of the good I might have
+done in the world and the still greater good I might now do, with
+these new incentives and higher and better aims to guide me if I
+could only be spared a few years longer, overcame me and the
+tears came again. We put our arms about each other's necks and
+awaited the warning drowsiness that precedes death by
+freezing.</p>
+
+<p>It came stealing over us presently, and then we bade each
+other a last farewell. A delicious dreaminess wrought its web
+about my yielding senses, while the snow-flakes wove a winding
+sheet about my conquered body. Oblivion came. The battle of life
+was done.</p>
+
+<a name="237"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="237.jpg (34K)" src="images/237.jpg" height="458" width="312">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch33"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXIII.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>I do not know how long I was in a state of forgetfulness, but
+it seemed an age. A vague consciousness grew upon me by degrees,
+and then came a gathering anguish of pain in my limbs and through
+all my body. I shuddered. The thought flitted through my brain,
+"this is death&mdash;this is the hereafter."</p>
+
+<p>Then came a white upheaval at my side, and a voice said, with
+bitterness:</p>
+
+<p>"Will some gentleman be so good as to kick me behind?"</p>
+
+<p>It was Ballou&mdash;at least it was a towzled snow image in a
+sitting posture, with Ballou's voice.</p>
+
+<p>I rose up, and there in the gray dawn, not fifteen steps from
+us, were the frame buildings of a stage station, and under a shed
+stood our still saddled and bridled horses!</p>
+
+<p>An arched snow-drift broke up, now, and Ollendorff emerged
+from it, and the three of us sat and stared at the houses without
+speaking a word. We really had nothing to say. We were like the
+profane man who could not "do the subject justice," the whole
+situation was so painfully ridiculous and humiliating that words
+were tame and we did not know where to commence anyhow.</p>
+
+<p>The joy in our hearts at our deliverance was poisoned;
+well-nigh dissipated, indeed. We presently began to grow pettish
+by degrees, and sullen; and then, angry at each other, angry at
+ourselves, angry at everything in general, we moodily dusted the
+snow from our clothing and in unsociable single file plowed our
+way to the horses, unsaddled them, and sought shelter in the
+station.</p>
+
+<p>I have scarcely exaggerated a detail of this curious and
+absurd adventure. It occurred almost exactly as I have stated it.
+We actually went into camp in a snow-drift in a desert, at
+midnight in a storm, forlorn and hopeless, within fifteen steps
+of a comfortable inn.</p>
+
+<p>For two hours we sat apart in the station and ruminated in
+disgust. The mystery was gone, now, and it was plain enough why
+the horses had deserted us. Without a doubt they were under that
+shed a quarter of a minute after they had left us, and they must
+have overheard and enjoyed all our confessions and
+lamentations.</p>
+
+<p>After breakfast we felt better, and the zest of life soon came
+back. The world looked bright again, and existence was as dear to
+us as ever. Presently an uneasiness came over me&mdash;grew upon
+me&mdash;assailed me without ceasing. Alas, my regeneration was not
+complete&mdash;I wanted to smoke! I resisted with all my strength, but
+the flesh was weak. I wandered away alone and wrestled with
+myself an hour. I recalled my promises of reform and preached to
+myself persuasively, upbraidingly, exhaustively. But it was all
+vain, I shortly found myself sneaking among the snow-drifts
+hunting for my pipe. I discovered it after a considerable search,
+and crept away to hide myself and enjoy it. I remained behind the
+barn a good while, asking myself how I would feel if my braver,
+stronger, truer comrades should catch me in my degradation. At
+last I lit the pipe, and no human being can feel meaner and baser
+than I did then. I was ashamed of being in my own pitiful
+company. Still dreading discovery, I felt that perhaps the
+further side of the barn would be somewhat safer, and so I turned
+the corner. As I turned the one corner, smoking, Ollendorff
+turned the other with his bottle to his lips, and between us sat
+unconscious Ballou deep in a game of "solitaire" with the old
+greasy cards!</p>
+
+<a name="240"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="240.jpg (102K)" src="images/240.jpg" height="602" width="614">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Absurdity could go no farther. We shook hands and agreed to
+say no more about "reform" and "examples to the rising
+generation."</p>
+
+<p>The station we were at was at the verge of the Twenty-six-Mile
+Desert. If we had approached it half an hour earlier the night
+before, we must have heard men shouting there and firing pistols;
+for they were expecting some sheep drovers and their flocks and
+knew that they would infallibly get lost and wander out of reach
+of help unless guided by sounds.</p>
+
+<p>While we remained at the station, three of the drovers
+arrived, nearly exhausted with their wanderings, but two others
+of their party were never heard of afterward.</p>
+
+<p>We reached Carson in due time, and took a rest. This rest,
+together with preparations for the journey to Esmeralda, kept us
+there a week, and the delay gave us the opportunity to be present
+at the trial of the great land-slide case of Hyde vs. Morgan&mdash;an
+episode which is famous in Nevada to this day. After a word or
+two of necessary explanation, I will set down the history of this
+singular affair just as it transpired.</p>
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch34"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXIV.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>The mountains are very high and steep about Carson, Eagle and
+Washoe Valleys&mdash;very high and very steep, and so when the snow
+gets to melting off fast in the Spring and the warm surface-earth
+begins to moisten and soften, the disastrous land-slides
+commence. The reader cannot know what a land-slide is, unless he
+has lived in that country and seen the whole side of a mountain
+taken off some fine morning and deposited down in the valley,
+leaving a vast, treeless, unsightly scar upon the mountain's
+front to keep the circumstance fresh in his memory all the years
+that he may go on living within seventy miles of that place.</p>
+
+<p>General Buncombe was shipped out to Nevada in the invoice of
+Territorial officers, to be United States Attorney. He considered
+himself a lawyer of parts, and he very much wanted an opportunity
+to manifest it&mdash;partly for the pure gratification of it and
+partly because his salary was Territorially meagre (which is a
+strong expression). Now the older citizens of a new territory
+look down upon the rest of the world with a calm, benevolent
+compassion, as long as it keeps out of the way&mdash;when it gets in
+the way they snub it. Sometimes this latter takes the shape of a
+practical joke.</p>
+
+<p>One morning Dick Hyde rode furiously up to General Buncombe's
+door in Carson city and rushed into his presence without stopping
+to tie his horse. He seemed much excited. He told the General
+that he wanted him to conduct a suit for him and would pay him
+five hundred dollars if he achieved a victory. And then, with
+violent gestures and a world of profanity, he poured out his
+grief. He said it was pretty well known that for some years he
+had been farming (or ranching as the more customary term is) in
+Washoe District, and making a successful thing of it, and
+furthermore it was known that his ranch was situated just in the
+edge of the valley, and that Tom Morgan owned a ranch immediately
+above it on the mountain side.</p>
+
+<a name="242"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="242.jpg (114K)" src="images/242.jpg" height="666" width="589">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>And now the trouble was, that one of those hated and dreaded
+land-slides had come and slid Morgan's ranch, fences, cabins,
+cattle, barns and everything down on top of his ranch and exactly
+covered up every single vestige of his property, to a depth of
+about thirty-eight feet. Morgan was in possession and refused to
+vacate the premises&mdash;said he was occupying his own cabin and not
+interfering with anybody else's&mdash;and said the cabin was standing
+on the same dirt and same ranch it had always stood on, and he
+would like to see anybody make him vacate.</p>
+
+<p>"And when I reminded him," said Hyde, weeping, "that it was on
+top of my ranch and that he was trespassing, he had the infernal
+meanness to ask me why didn't I stay on my ranch and hold
+possession when I see him a-coming! Why didn't I stay on it, the
+blathering lunatic&mdash;by George, when I heard that racket and
+looked up that hill it was just like the whole world was
+a-ripping and a-tearing down that mountain side&mdash;splinters, and
+cord-wood, thunder and lightning, hail and snow, odds and ends of
+hay stacks, and awful clouds of dust!&mdash;trees going end over end
+in the air, rocks as big as a house jumping 'bout a thousand feet
+high and busting into ten million pieces, cattle turned inside
+out and a-coming head on with their tails hanging out between
+their teeth!&mdash;and in the midst of all that wrack and destruction
+sot that cussed Morgan on his gate-post, a-wondering why I didn't
+stay and hold possession! Laws bless me, I just took one glimpse,
+General, and lit out'n the county in three jumps exactly.</p>
+
+<p>"But what grinds me is that that Morgan hangs on there and
+won't move off'n that ranch&mdash;says it's his'n and he's going to
+keep it&mdash;likes it better'n he did when it was higher up the hill.
+Mad! Well, I've been so mad for two days I couldn't find my way
+to town&mdash;been wandering around in the brush in a starving
+condition&mdash;got anything here to drink, General? But I'm here now,
+and I'm a-going to law. You hear me!"</p>
+
+<p>Never in all the world, perhaps, were a man's feelings so
+outraged as were the General's. He said he had never heard of
+such high-handed conduct in all his life as this Morgan's. And he
+said there was no use in going to law&mdash;Morgan had no shadow of
+right to remain where he was&mdash;nobody in the wide world would
+uphold him in it, and no lawyer would take his case and no judge
+listen to it. Hyde said that right there was where he was
+mistaken&mdash;everybody in town sustained Morgan; Hal Brayton, a very
+smart lawyer, had taken his case; the courts being in vacation,
+it was to be tried before a referee, and ex-Governor Roop had
+already been appointed to that office and would open his court in
+a large public hall near the hotel at two that afternoon.</p>
+
+<p>The General was amazed. He said he had suspected before that
+the people of that Territory were fools, and now he knew it. But
+he said rest easy, rest easy and collect the witnesses, for the
+victory was just as certain as if the conflict were already over.
+Hyde wiped away his tears and left.</p>
+
+<p>At two in the afternoon referee Roop's Court opened and Roop
+appeared throned among his sheriffs, the witnesses, and
+spectators, and wearing upon his face a solemnity so
+awe-inspiring that some of his fellow- conspirators had
+misgivings that maybe he had not comprehended, after all, that
+this was merely a joke. An unearthly stillness prevailed, for at
+the slightest noise the judge uttered sternly the command:</p>
+
+<p>"Order in the Court!"</p>
+
+<p>And the sheriffs promptly echoed it. Presently the General
+elbowed his way through the crowd of spectators, with his arms
+full of law-books, and on his ears fell an order from the judge
+which was the first respectful recognition of his high official
+dignity that had ever saluted them, and it trickled pleasantly
+through his whole system:</p>
+
+<p>"Way for the United States Attorney!"</p>
+
+<p>The witnesses were called&mdash;legislators, high government
+officers, ranchmen, miners, Indians, Chinamen, negroes. Three
+fourths of them were called by the defendant Morgan, but no
+matter, their testimony invariably went in favor of the plaintiff
+Hyde. Each new witness only added new testimony to the absurdity
+of a man's claiming to own another man's property because his
+farm had slid down on top of it. Then the Morgan lawyers made
+their speeches, and seemed to make singularly weak ones&mdash;they
+did really nothing to help the Morgan cause. And now the General,
+with exultation in his face, got up and made an impassioned
+effort; he pounded the table, he banged the law-books, he
+shouted, and roared, and howled, he quoted from everything and
+everybody, poetry, sarcasm, statistics, history, pathos, bathos,
+blasphemy, and wound up with a grand war-whoop for free speech,
+freedom of the press, free schools, the Glorious Bird of America
+and the principles of eternal justice! [Applause.]</p>
+
+<a name="244"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="244.jpg (96K)" src="images/244.jpg" height="539" width="596">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>When the General sat down, he did it with the conviction that
+if there was anything in good strong testimony, a great speech
+and believing and admiring countenances all around, Mr. Morgan's
+case was killed. Ex- Governor Roop leant his head upon his hand
+for some minutes, thinking, and the still audience waited for his
+decision. Then he got up and stood erect, with bended head, and
+thought again. Then he walked the floor with long, deliberate
+strides, his chin in his hand, and still the audience waited. At
+last he returned to his throne, seated himself, and began
+impressively:</p>
+
+<p>"Gentlemen, I feel the great responsibility that rests upon me
+this day. This is no ordinary case. On the contrary it is plain
+that it is the most solemn and awful that ever man was called
+upon to decide. Gentlemen, I have listened attentively to the
+evidence, and have perceived that the weight of it, the
+overwhelming weight of it, is in favor of the plaintiff Hyde. I
+have listened also to the remarks of counsel, with high
+interest&mdash;and especially will I commend the masterly and
+irrefutable logic of the distinguished gentleman who represents
+the plaintiff. But gentlemen, let us beware how we allow mere
+human testimony, human ingenuity in argument and human ideas of
+equity, to influence us at a moment so solemn as this. Gentlemen,
+it ill becomes us, worms as we are, to meddle with the decrees of
+Heaven. It is plain to me that Heaven, in its inscrutable wisdom,
+has seen fit to move this defendant's ranch for a purpose. We are
+but creatures, and we must submit. If Heaven has chosen to favor
+the defendant Morgan in this marked and wonderful manner; and if
+Heaven, dissatisfied with the position of the Morgan ranch upon
+the mountain side, has chosen to remove it to a position more
+eligible and more advantageous for its owner, it ill becomes us,
+insects as we are, to question the legality of the act or inquire
+into the reasons that prompted it. No&mdash;Heaven created the ranches
+and it is Heaven's prerogative to rearrange them, to experiment
+with them around at its pleasure. It is for us to submit, without
+repining.</p>
+
+<a name="246"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="246.jpg (92K)" src="images/246.jpg" height="578" width="601">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>"I warn you that this thing which has happened is a thing with
+which the sacrilegious hands and brains and tongues of men must
+not meddle. Gentlemen, it is the verdict of this court that the
+plaintiff, Richard Hyde, has been deprived of his ranch by the
+visitation of God! And from this decision there is no
+appeal."</p>
+
+<p>Buncombe seized his cargo of law-books and plunged out of the
+court-room frantic with indignation. He pronounced Roop to be a
+miraculous fool, an inspired idiot. In all good faith he returned
+at night and remonstrated with Roop upon his extravagant
+decision, and implored him to walk the floor and think for half
+an hour, and see if he could not figure out some sort of
+modification of the verdict. Roop yielded at last and got up to
+walk. He walked two hours and a half, and at last his face lit up
+happily and he told Buncombe it had occurred to him that the
+ranch underneath the new Morgan ranch still belonged to Hyde,
+that his title to the ground was just as good as it had ever
+been, and therefore he was of opinion that Hyde had a right to
+dig it out from under there and&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>The General never waited to hear the end of it. He was always
+an impatient and irascible man, that way. At the end of two
+months the fact that he had been played upon with a joke had
+managed to bore itself, like another Hoosac Tunnel, through the
+solid adamant of his understanding.</p>
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch35"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXV.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>When we finally left for Esmeralda, horseback, we had an
+addition to the company in the person of Capt. John Nye, the
+Governor's brother. He had a good memory, and a tongue hung in
+the middle. This is a combination which gives immortality to
+conversation. Capt. John never suffered the talk to flag or
+falter once during the hundred and twenty miles of the journey.
+In addition to his conversational powers, he had one or two other
+endowments of a marked character. One was a singular "handiness"
+about doing anything and everything, from laying out a railroad
+or organizing a political party, down to sewing on buttons,
+shoeing a horse, or setting a broken leg, or a hen. Another was a
+spirit of accommodation that prompted him to take the needs,
+difficulties and perplexities of anybody and everybody upon his
+own shoulders at any and all times, and dispose of them with
+admirable facility and alacrity&mdash;hence he always managed to find
+vacant beds in crowded inns, and plenty to eat in the emptiest
+larders. And finally, wherever he met a man, woman or child, in
+camp, inn or desert, he either knew such parties personally or
+had been acquainted with a relative of the same. Such another
+traveling comrade was never seen before. I cannot forbear giving
+a specimen of the way in which he overcame difficulties. On the
+second day out, we arrived, very tired and hungry, at a poor
+little inn in the desert, and were told that the house was full,
+no provisions on hand, and neither hay nor barley to spare for
+the horses&mdash;must move on. The rest of us wanted to hurry on while
+it was yet light, but Capt. John insisted on stopping awhile. We
+dismounted and entered. There was no welcome for us on any face.
+Capt. John began his blandishments, and within twenty minutes he
+had accomplished the following things, viz.: found old
+acquaintances in three teamsters; discovered that he used to go
+to school with the landlord's mother; recognized his wife as a
+lady whose life he had saved once in California, by stopping her
+runaway horse; mended a child's broken toy and won the favor of
+its mother, a guest of the inn; helped the hostler bleed a horse,
+and prescribed for another horse that had the "heaves"; treated
+the entire party three times at the landlord's bar; produced a
+later paper than anybody had seen for a week and sat himself down
+to read the news to a deeply interested audience. The result,
+summed up, was as follows: The hostler found plenty of feed for
+our horses; we had a trout supper, an exceedingly sociable time
+after it, good beds to sleep in, and a surprising breakfast in
+the morning&mdash;and when we left, we left lamented by all! Capt.
+John had some bad traits, but he had some uncommonly valuable
+ones to offset them with.</p>
+
+<a name="249"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="249.jpg (53K)" src="images/249.jpg" height="296" width="589">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Esmeralda was in many respects another Humboldt, but in a
+little more forward state. The claims we had been paying
+assessments on were entirely worthless, and we threw them away.
+The principal one cropped out of the top of a knoll that was
+fourteen feet high, and the inspired Board of Directors were
+running a tunnel under that knoll to strike the ledge. The tunnel
+would have to be seventy feet long, and would then strike the
+ledge at the same dept that a shaft twelve feet deep would have
+reached! The Board were living on the "assessments." [N.B.&mdash;This
+hint comes too late for the enlightenment of New York silver
+miners; they have already learned all about this neat trick by
+experience.] The Board had no desire to strike the ledge, knowing
+that it was as barren of silver as a curbstone. This reminiscence
+calls to mind Jim Townsend's tunnel. He had paid assessments on a
+mine called the "Daley" till he was well-nigh penniless. Finally
+an assessment was levied to run a tunnel two hundred and fifty
+feet on the Daley, and Townsend went up on the hill to look into
+matters.</p>
+
+<p>He found the Daley cropping out of the apex of an exceedingly
+sharp- pointed peak, and a couple of men up there "facing" the
+proposed tunnel. Townsend made a calculation. Then he said to the
+men:</p>
+
+<p>"So you have taken a contract to run a tunnel into this hill
+two hundred and fifty feet to strike this ledge?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, sir."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, do you know that you have got one of the most expensive
+and arduous undertakings before you that was ever conceived by
+man?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why no&mdash;how is that?"</p>
+
+<p>"Because this hill is only twenty-five feet through from side
+to side; and so you have got to build two hundred and twenty-five
+feet of your tunnel on trestle-work!"</p>
+
+<a name="250"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="250.jpg (61K)" src="images/250.jpg" height="416" width="494">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>The ways of silver mining Boards are exceedingly dark and
+sinuous.</p>
+
+<p>We took up various claims, and commenced shafts and tunnels on
+them, but never finished any of them. We had to do a certain
+amount of work on each to "hold" it, else other parties could
+seize our property after the expiration of ten days. We were
+always hunting up new claims and doing a little work on them and
+then waiting for a buyer&mdash;who never came. We never found any ore
+that would yield more than fifty dollars a ton; and as the mills
+charged fifty dollars a ton for working ore and extracting the
+silver, our pocket-money melted steadily away and none returned
+to take its place. We lived in a little cabin and cooked for
+ourselves; and altogether it was a hard life, though a hopeful
+one&mdash;for we never ceased to expect fortune and a customer to
+burst upon us some day.</p>
+
+<p>At last, when flour reached a dollar a pound, and money could
+not be borrowed on the best security at less than eight per cent
+a month (I being without the security, too), I abandoned mining
+and went to milling. That is to say, I went to work as a common
+laborer in a quartz mill, at ten dollars a week and board.</p>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch36"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXVI.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>I had already learned how hard and long and dismal a task it
+is to burrow down into the bowels of the earth and get out the
+coveted ore; and now I learned that the burrowing was only half
+the work; and that to get the silver out of the ore was the
+dreary and laborious other half of it. We had to turn out at six
+in the morning and keep at it till dark. This mill was a
+six-stamp affair, driven by steam. Six tall, upright rods of
+iron, as large as a man's ankle, and heavily shod with a mass of
+iron and steel at their lower ends, were framed together like a
+gate, and these rose and fell, one after the other, in a
+ponderous dance, in an iron box called a "battery." Each of these
+rods or stamps weighed six hundred pounds. One of us stood by the
+battery all day long, breaking up masses of silver-bearing rock
+with a sledge and shoveling it into the battery. The ceaseless
+dance of the stamps pulverized the rock to powder, and a stream
+of water that trickled into the battery turned it to a creamy
+paste. The minutest particles were driven through a fine wire
+screen which fitted close around the battery, and were washed
+into great tubs warmed by super-heated steam&mdash;amalgamating pans,
+they are called. The mass of pulp in the pans was kept constantly
+stirred up by revolving "mullers." A quantity of quicksilver was
+kept always in the battery, and this seized some of the liberated
+gold and silver particles and held on to them; quicksilver was
+shaken in a fine shower into the pans, also, about every half
+hour, through a buckskin sack. Quantities of coarse salt and
+sulphate of copper were added, from time to time to assist the
+amalgamation by destroying base metals which coated the gold and
+silver and would not let it unite with the quicksilver.</p>
+
+<a name="253"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="253.jpg (73K)" src="images/253.jpg" height="449" width="523">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>All these tiresome things we had to attend to constantly.
+Streams of dirty water flowed always from the pans and were
+carried off in broad wooden troughs to the ravine. One would not
+suppose that atoms of gold and silver would float on top of six
+inches of water, but they did; and in order to catch them, coarse
+blankets were laid in the troughs, and little obstructing
+"riffles" charged with quicksilver were placed here and there
+across the troughs also. These riffles had to be cleaned and the
+blankets washed out every evening, to get their precious
+accumulations&mdash;and after all this eternity of trouble one third
+of the silver and gold in a ton of rock would find its way to the
+end of the troughs in the ravine at last and have to be worked
+over again some day. There is nothing so aggravating as silver
+milling. There never was any idle time in that mill. There was
+always something to do. It is a pity that Adam could not have
+gone straight out of Eden into a quartz mill, in order to
+understand the full force of his doom to "earn his bread by the
+sweat of his brow." Every now and then, during the day, we had to
+scoop some pulp out of the pans, and tediously "wash" it in a
+horn spoon&mdash;wash it little by little over the edge till at last
+nothing was left but some little dull globules of quicksilver in
+the bottom. If they were soft and yielding, the pan needed some
+salt or some sulphate of copper or some other chemical rubbish to
+assist digestion; if they were crisp to the touch and would
+retain a dint, they were freighted with all the silver and gold
+they could seize and hold, and consequently the pan needed a
+fresh charge of quicksilver. When there was nothing else to do,
+one could always "screen tailings." That is to say, he could
+shovel up the dried sand that had washed down to the ravine
+through the troughs and dash it against an upright wire screen to
+free it from pebbles and prepare it for working over.</p>
+
+<p>The process of amalgamation differed in the various mills, and
+this included changes in style of pans and other machinery, and a
+great diversity of opinion existed as to the best in use, but
+none of the methods employed, involved the principle of milling
+ore without "screening the tailings." Of all recreations in the
+world, screening tailings on a hot day, with a long-handled
+shovel, is the most undesirable.</p>
+
+<a name="254"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="254.jpg (78K)" src="images/254.jpg" height="422" width="607">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>At the end of the week the machinery was stopped and we
+"cleaned up." That is to say, we got the pulp out of the pans and
+batteries, and washed the mud patiently away till nothing was
+left but the long accumulating mass of quicksilver, with its
+imprisoned treasures. This we made into heavy, compact
+snow-balls, and piled them up in a bright, luxurious heap for
+inspection. Making these snow-balls cost me a fine gold
+ring&mdash;that and ignorance together; for the quicksilver invaded
+the ring with the same facility with which water saturates a
+sponge&mdash;separated its particles and the ring crumbled to
+pieces.</p>
+
+<p>We put our pile of quicksilver balls into an iron retort that
+had a pipe leading from it to a pail of water, and then applied a
+roasting heat. The quicksilver turned to vapor, escaped through
+the pipe into the pail, and the water turned it into good
+wholesome quicksilver again. Quicksilver is very costly, and they
+never waste it. On opening the retort, there was our week's
+work&mdash;a lump of pure white, frosty looking silver, twice as large
+as a man's head. Perhaps a fifth of the mass was gold, but the
+color of it did not show&mdash;would not have shown if two thirds of
+it had been gold. We melted it up and made a solid brick of it by
+pouring it into an iron brick-mould.</p>
+
+<p>By such a tedious and laborious process were silver bricks
+obtained. This mill was but one of many others in operation at
+the time. The first one in Nevada was built at Egan Canyon and
+was a small insignificant affair and compared most unfavorably
+with some of the immense establishments afterwards located at
+Virginia City and elsewhere.</p>
+
+<a name="256"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="256.jpg (96K)" src="images/256.jpg" height="518" width="594">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>From our bricks a little corner was chipped off for the
+"fire-assay"&mdash;a method used to determine the proportions of gold,
+silver and base metals in the mass. This is an interesting
+process. The chip is hammered out as thin as paper and weighed on
+scales so fine and sensitive that if you weigh a two-inch scrap
+of paper on them and then write your name on the paper with a
+course, soft pencil and weigh it again, the scales will take
+marked notice of the addition.</p>
+
+<p>Then a little lead (also weighed) is rolled up with the flake
+of silver and the two are melted at a great heat in a small
+vessel called a cupel, made by compressing bone ashes into a
+cup-shape in a steel mold. The base metals oxydize and are
+absorbed with the lead into the pores of the cupel. A button or
+globule of perfectly pure gold and silver is left behind, and by
+weighing it and noting the loss, the assayer knows the proportion
+of base metal the brick contains. He has to separate the gold
+from the silver now. The button is hammered out flat and thin,
+put in the furnace and kept some time at a red heat; after
+cooling it off it is rolled up like a quill and heated in a glass
+vessel containing nitric acid; the acid dissolves the silver and
+leaves the gold pure and ready to be weighed on its own merits.
+Then salt water is poured into the vessel containing the
+dissolved silver and the silver returns to palpable form again
+and sinks to the bottom. Nothing now remains but to weigh it;
+then the proportions of the several metals contained in the brick
+are known, and the assayer stamps the value of the brick upon its
+surface.</p>
+
+<p>The sagacious reader will know now, without being told, that
+the speculative miner, in getting a "fire-assay" made of a piece
+of rock from his mine (to help him sell the same), was not in the
+habit of picking out the least valuable fragment of rock on his
+dump-pile, but quite the contrary. I have seen men hunt over a
+pile of nearly worthless quartz for an hour, and at last find a
+little piece as large as a filbert, which was rich in gold and
+silver&mdash;and this was reserved for a fire-assay! Of course the
+fire-assay would demonstrate that a ton of such rock would yield
+hundreds of dollars&mdash;and on such assays many an utterly worthless
+mine was sold.</p>
+
+<p>Assaying was a good business, and so some men engaged in it,
+occasionally, who were not strictly scientific and capable. One
+assayer got such rich results out of all specimens brought to him
+that in time he acquired almost a monopoly of the business. But
+like all men who achieve success, he became an object of envy and
+suspicion. The other assayers entered into a conspiracy against
+him, and let some prominent citizens into the secret in order to
+show that they meant fairly. Then they broke a little fragment
+off a carpenter's grindstone and got a stranger to take it to the
+popular scientist and get it assayed. In the course of an hour
+the result came&mdash;whereby it appeared that a ton of that rock
+would yield $1,184.40 in silver and $366.36 in gold!</p>
+
+<a name="257"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="257.jpg (34K)" src="images/257.jpg" height="435" width="329">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Due publication of the whole matter was made in the paper, and
+the popular assayer left town "between two days."</p>
+
+<p>I will remark, in passing, that I only remained in the milling
+business one week. I told my employer I could not stay longer
+without an advance in my wages; that I liked quartz milling,
+indeed was infatuated with it; that I had never before grown so
+tenderly attached to an occupation in so short a time; that
+nothing, it seemed to me, gave such scope to intellectual
+activity as feeding a battery and screening tailings, and nothing
+so stimulated the moral attributes as retorting bullion and
+washing blankets&mdash;still, I felt constrained to ask an increase of
+salary. He said he was paying me ten dollars a week, and thought
+it a good round sum. How much did I want?</p>
+
+<p>I said about four hundred thousand dollars a month, and board,
+was about all I could reasonably ask, considering the hard
+times.</p>
+
+<p>I was ordered off the premises! And yet, when I look back to
+those days and call to mind the exceeding hardness of the labor I
+performed in that mill, I only regret that I did not ask him
+seven hundred thousand.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after this I began to grow crazy, along with the rest
+of the population, about the mysterious and wonderful "cement
+mine," and to make preparations to take advantage of any
+opportunity that might offer to go and help hunt for it.</p>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch37"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXVII.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>It was somewhere in the neighborhood of Mono Lake that the
+marvellous Whiteman cement mine was supposed to lie. Every now
+and then it would be reported that Mr. W. had passed stealthily
+through Esmeralda at dead of night, in disguise, and then we
+would have a wild excitement&mdash;because he must be steering for his
+secret mine, and now was the time to follow him. In less than
+three hours after daylight all the horses and mules and donkeys
+in the vicinity would be bought, hired or stolen, and half the
+community would be off for the mountains, following in the wake
+of Whiteman. But W. would drift about through the mountain gorges
+for days together, in a purposeless sort of way, until the
+provisions of the miners ran out, and they would have to go back
+home. I have known it reported at eleven at night, in a large
+mining camp, that Whiteman had just passed through, and in two
+hours the streets, so quiet before, would be swarming with men
+and animals. Every individual would be trying to be very secret,
+but yet venturing to whisper to just one neighbor that W. had
+passed through. And long before daylight&mdash;this in the dead of
+Winter&mdash;the stampede would be complete, the camp deserted, and
+the whole population gone chasing after W.</p>
+
+<p>The tradition was that in the early immigration, more than
+twenty years ago, three young Germans, brothers, who had survived
+an Indian massacre on the Plains, wandered on foot through the
+deserts, avoiding all trails and roads, and simply holding a
+westerly direction and hoping to find California before they
+starved, or died of fatigue. And in a gorge in the mountains they
+sat down to rest one day, when one of them noticed a curious vein
+of cement running along the ground, shot full of lumps of dull
+yellow metal. They saw that it was gold, and that here was a
+fortune to be acquired in a single day. The vein was about as
+wide as a curbstone, and fully two thirds of it was pure gold.
+Every pound of the wonderful cement was worth well-nigh $200.</p>
+
+<a name="260"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="260.jpg (59K)" src="images/260.jpg" height="681" width="329">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Each of the brothers loaded himself with about twenty-five
+pounds of it, and then they covered up all traces of the vein,
+made a rude drawing of the locality and the principal landmarks
+in the vicinity, and started westward again. But troubles
+thickened about them. In their wanderings one brother fell and
+broke his leg, and the others were obliged to go on and leave him
+to die in the wilderness. Another, worn out and starving, gave up
+by and by, and laid down to die, but after two or three weeks of
+incredible hardships, the third reached the settlements of
+California exhausted, sick, and his mind deranged by his
+sufferings. He had thrown away all his cement but a few
+fragments, but these were sufficient to set everybody wild with
+excitement. However, he had had enough of the cement country, and
+nothing could induce him to lead a party thither. He was entirely
+content to work on a farm for wages. But he gave Whiteman his
+map, and described the cement region as well as he could and thus
+transferred the curse to that gentleman&mdash;for when I had my one
+accidental glimpse of Mr. W. in Esmeralda he had been hunting for
+the lost mine, in hunger and thirst, poverty and sickness, for
+twelve or thirteen years. Some people believed he had found it,
+but most people believed he had not. I saw a piece of cement as
+large as my fist which was said to have been given to Whiteman by
+the young German, and it was of a seductive nature. Lumps of
+virgin gold were as thick in it as raisins in a slice of fruit
+cake. The privilege of working such a mine one week would be
+sufficient for a man of reasonable desires.</p>
+
+<p>A new partner of ours, a Mr. Higbie, knew Whiteman well by
+sight, and a friend of ours, a Mr. Van Dorn, was well acquainted
+with him, and not only that, but had Whiteman's promise that he
+should have a private hint in time to enable him to join the next
+cement expedition. Van Dorn had promised to extend the hint to
+us. One evening Higbie came in greatly excited, and said he felt
+certain he had recognized Whiteman, up town, disguised and in a
+pretended state of intoxication. In a little while Van Dorn
+arrived and confirmed the news; and so we gathered in our cabin
+and with heads close together arranged our plans in impressive
+whispers.</p>
+
+<p>We were to leave town quietly, after midnight, in two or three
+small parties, so as not to attract attention, and meet at dawn
+on the "divide" overlooking Mono Lake, eight or nine miles
+distant. We were to make no noise after starting, and not speak
+above a whisper under any circumstances. It was believed that for
+once Whiteman's presence was unknown in the town and his
+expedition unsuspected. Our conclave broke up at nine o'clock,
+and we set about our preparation diligently and with profound
+secrecy. At eleven o'clock we saddled our horses, hitched them
+with their long riatas (or lassos), and then brought out a side
+of bacon, a sack of beans, a small sack of coffee, some sugar, a
+hundred pounds of flour in sacks, some tin cups and a coffee pot,
+frying pan and some few other necessary articles. All these
+things were "packed" on the back of a led horse&mdash;and whoever has
+not been taught, by a Spanish adept, to pack an animal, let him
+never hope to do the thing by natural smartness. That is
+impossible. Higbie had had some experience, but was not perfect.
+He put on the pack saddle (a thing like a saw-buck), piled the
+property on it and then wound a rope all over and about it and
+under it, "every which way," taking a hitch in it every now and
+then, and occasionally surging back on it till the horse's sides
+sunk in and he gasped for breath&mdash;but every time the lashings
+grew tight in one place they loosened in another. We never did
+get the load tight all over, but we got it so that it would do,
+after a fashion, and then we started, in single file, close
+order, and without a word. It was a dark night. We kept the
+middle of the road, and proceeded in a slow walk past the rows of
+cabins, and whenever a miner came to his door I trembled for fear
+the light would shine on us an excite curiosity. But nothing
+happened. We began the long winding ascent of the canyon, toward
+the "divide," and presently the cabins began to grow infrequent,
+and the intervals between them wider and wider, and then I began
+to breathe tolerably freely and feel less like a thief and a
+murderer. I was in the rear, leading the pack horse. As the
+ascent grew steeper he grew proportionately less satisfied with
+his cargo, and began to pull back on his riata occasionally and
+delay progress. My comrades were passing out of sight in the
+gloom. I was getting anxious. I coaxed and bullied the pack horse
+till I presently got him into a trot, and then the tin cups and
+pans strung about his person frightened him and he ran. His riata
+was wound around the pummel of my saddle, and so, as he went by
+he dragged me from my horse and the two animals traveled briskly
+on without me. But I was not alone&mdash;the loosened cargo tumbled
+overboard from the pack horse and fell close to me. It was
+abreast of almost the last cabin.</p>
+
+<p>A miner came out and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Hello!"</p>
+
+<p>I was thirty steps from him, and knew he could not see me, it
+was so very dark in the shadow of the mountain. So I lay still.
+Another head appeared in the light of the cabin door, and
+presently the two men walked toward me. They stopped within ten
+steps of me, and one said:</p>
+
+<p>"Sh! Listen."</p>
+
+<a name="263"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="263.jpg (75K)" src="images/263.jpg" height="487" width="568">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>I could not have been in a more distressed state if I had been
+escaping justice with a price on my head. Then the miners
+appeared to sit down on a boulder, though I could not see them
+distinctly enough to be very sure what they did. One said:</p>
+
+<p>"I heard a noise, as plain as I ever heard anything. It seemed
+to be about there&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>A stone whizzed by my head. I flattened myself out in the dust
+like a postage stamp, and thought to myself if he mended his aim
+ever so little he would probably hear another noise. In my heart,
+now, I execrated secret expeditions. I promised myself that this
+should be my last, though the Sierras were ribbed with cement
+veins. Then one of the men said:</p>
+
+<p>"I'll tell you what! Welch knew what he was talking about when
+he said he saw Whiteman to-day. I heard horses&mdash;that was the
+noise. I am going down to Welch's, right away."</p>
+
+<p>They left and I was glad. I did not care whither they went, so
+they went. I was willing they should visit Welch, and the sooner
+the better.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as they closed their cabin door my comrades emerged
+from the gloom; they had caught the horses and were waiting for a
+clear coast again. We remounted the cargo on the pack horse and
+got under way, and as day broke we reached the "divide" and
+joined Van Dorn. Then we journeyed down into the valley of the
+Lake, and feeling secure, we halted to cook breakfast, for we
+were tired and sleepy and hungry. Three hours later the rest of
+the population filed over the "divide" in a long procession, and
+drifted off out of sight around the borders of the Lake!</p>
+
+<p>Whether or not my accident had produced this result we never
+knew, but at least one thing was certain&mdash;the secret was out and
+Whiteman would not enter upon a search for the cement mine this
+time. We were filled with chagrin.</p>
+
+<p>We held a council and decided to make the best of our
+misfortune and enjoy a week's holiday on the borders of the
+curious Lake. Mono, it is sometimes called, and sometimes the
+"Dead Sea of California." It is one of the strangest freaks of
+Nature to be found in any land, but it is hardly ever mentioned
+in print and very seldom visited, because it lies away off the
+usual routes of travel and besides is so difficult to get at that
+only men content to endure the roughest life will consent to take
+upon themselves the discomforts of such a trip. On the morning of
+our second day, we traveled around to a remote and particularly
+wild spot on the borders of the Lake, where a stream of fresh,
+ice-cold water entered it from the mountain side, and then we
+went regularly into camp. We hired a large boat and two shot-guns
+from a lonely ranchman who lived some ten miles further on, and
+made ready for comfort and recreation. We soon got thoroughly
+acquainted with the Lake and all its peculiarities.</p>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch38"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXVIII.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>Mono Lake lies in a lifeless, treeless, hideous desert, eight
+thousand feet above the level of the sea, and is guarded by
+mountains two thousand feet higher, whose summits are always
+clothed in clouds. This solemn, silent, sail-less sea&mdash;this
+lonely tenant of the loneliest spot on earth&mdash;is little graced
+with the picturesque. It is an unpretending expanse of grayish
+water, about a hundred miles in circumference, with two islands
+in its centre, mere upheavals of rent and scorched and blistered
+lava, snowed over with gray banks and drifts of pumice-stone and
+ashes, the winding sheet of the dead volcano, whose vast crater
+the lake has seized upon and occupied.</p>
+
+<a name="265"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="265.jpg (138K)" src="images/265.jpg" height="620" width="863">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>The lake is two hundred feet deep, and its sluggish waters are
+so strong with alkali that if you only dip the most hopelessly
+soiled garment into them once or twice, and wring it out, it will
+be found as clean as if it had been through the ablest of
+washerwomen's hands. While we camped there our laundry work was
+easy. We tied the week's washing astern of our boat, and sailed a
+quarter of a mile, and the job was complete, all to the wringing
+out. If we threw the water on our heads and gave them a rub or
+so, the white lather would pile up three inches high. This water
+is not good for bruised places and abrasions of the skin. We had
+a valuable dog. He had raw places on him. He had more raw places
+on him than sound ones. He was the rawest dog I almost ever saw.
+He jumped overboard one day to get away from the flies. But it
+was bad judgment. In his condition, it would have been just as
+comfortable to jump into the fire.</p>
+
+<a name="266a"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="266a.jpg (44K)" src="images/266a.jpg" height="399" width="392">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>The alkali water nipped him in all the raw places
+simultaneously, and he struck out for the shore with considerable
+interest. He yelped and barked and howled as he went&mdash;and by the
+time he got to the shore there was no bark to him&mdash;for he had
+barked the bark all out of his inside, and the alkali water had
+cleaned the bark all off his outside, and he probably wished he
+had never embarked in any such enterprise. He ran round and round
+in a circle, and pawed the earth and clawed the air, and threw
+double somersaults, sometimes backward and sometimes forward, in
+the most extraordinary manner. He was not a demonstrative dog, as
+a general thing, but rather of a grave and serious turn of mind,
+and I never saw him take so much interest in anything before. He
+finally struck out over the mountains, at a gait which we
+estimated at about two hundred and fifty miles an hour, and he is
+going yet. This was about nine years ago. We look for what is
+left of him along here every day.</p>
+
+<a name="266b"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="266b.jpg (51K)" src="images/266b.jpg" height="380" width="513">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>A white man cannot drink the water of Mono Lake, for it is
+nearly pure lye. It is said that the Indians in the vicinity
+drink it sometimes, though. It is not improbable, for they are
+among the purest liars I ever saw. [There will be no additional
+charge for this joke, except to parties requiring an explanation
+of it. This joke has received high commendation from some of the
+ablest minds of the age.]</p>
+
+<p>There are no fish in Mono Lake&mdash;no frogs, no snakes, no
+polliwigs&mdash;nothing, in fact, that goes to make life desirable.
+Millions of wild ducks and sea-gulls swim about the surface, but
+no living thing exists under the surface, except a white feathery
+sort of worm, one half an inch long, which looks like a bit of
+white thread frayed out at the sides. If you dip up a gallon of
+water, you will get about fifteen thousand of these. They give to
+the water a sort of grayish-white appearance. Then there is a
+fly, which looks something like our house fly. These settle on
+the beach to eat the worms that wash ashore&mdash;and any time, you
+can see there a belt of flies an inch deep and six feet wide, and
+this belt extends clear around the lake&mdash;a belt of flies one
+hundred miles long. If you throw a stone among them, they swarm
+up so thick that they look dense, like a cloud. You can hold them
+under water as long as you please&mdash;they do not mind it&mdash;they are
+only proud of it. When you let them go, they pop up to the
+surface as dry as a patent office report, and walk off as
+unconcernedly as if they had been educated especially with a view
+to affording instructive entertainment to man in that particular
+way. Providence leaves nothing to go by chance. All things have
+their uses and their part and proper place in Nature's economy:
+the ducks eat the flies&mdash;the flies eat the worms&mdash;the Indians eat
+all three&mdash;the wild cats eat the Indians&mdash;the white folks eat the
+wild cats&mdash;and thus all things are lovely.</p>
+
+<p>Mono Lake is a hundred miles in a straight line from the
+ocean&mdash;and between it and the ocean are one or two ranges of
+mountains&mdash;yet thousands of sea-gulls go there every season to
+lay their eggs and rear their young. One would as soon expect to
+find sea-gulls in Kansas. And in this connection let us observe
+another instance of Nature's wisdom. The islands in the lake
+being merely huge masses of lava, coated over with ashes and
+pumice-stone, and utterly innocent of vegetation or anything that
+would burn; and sea-gull's eggs being entirely useless to anybody
+unless they be cooked, Nature has provided an unfailing spring of
+boiling water on the largest island, and you can put your eggs in
+there, and in four minutes you can boil them as hard as any
+statement I have made during the past fifteen years. Within ten
+feet of the boiling spring is a spring of pure cold water, sweet
+and wholesome.</p>
+
+<p>So, in that island you get your board and washing free of
+charge&mdash;and if nature had gone further and furnished a nice
+American hotel clerk who was crusty and disobliging, and didn't
+know anything about the time tables, or the railroad
+routes&mdash;or&mdash;anything&mdash;and was proud of it&mdash;I would not wish for a
+more desirable boarding-house.</p>
+
+<a name="268"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="268.jpg (51K)" src="images/268.jpg" height="292" width="603">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Half a dozen little mountain brooks flow into Mono Lake, but
+not a stream of any kind flows out of it. It neither rises nor
+falls, apparently, and what it does with its surplus water is a
+dark and bloody mystery.</p>
+
+<p>There are only two seasons in the region round about Mono
+Lake&mdash;and these are, the breaking up of one Winter and the
+beginning of the next. More than once (in Esmeralda) I have seen
+a perfectly blistering morning open up with the thermometer at
+ninety degrees at eight o'clock, and seen the snow fall fourteen
+inches deep and that same identical thermometer go down to
+forty-four degrees under shelter, before nine o'clock at night.
+Under favorable circumstances it snows at least once in every
+single month in the year, in the little town of Mono. So
+uncertain is the climate in Summer that a lady who goes out
+visiting cannot hope to be prepared for all emergencies unless
+she takes her fan under one arm and her snow shoes under the
+other. When they have a Fourth of July procession it generally
+snows on them, and they do say that as a general thing when a man
+calls for a brandy toddy there, the bar keeper chops it off with
+a hatchet and wraps it up in a paper, like maple sugar. And it is
+further reported that the old soakers haven't any teeth&mdash;wore
+them out eating gin cocktails and brandy punches. I do not
+endorse that statement&mdash;I simply give it for what it is
+worth&mdash;and it is worth&mdash;well, I should say, millions, to any man
+who can believe it without straining himself. But I do endorse
+the snow on the Fourth of July&mdash;because I know that to be
+true.</p>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch39"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXIX.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>About seven o'clock one blistering hot morning&mdash;for it was now
+dead summer time&mdash;Higbie and I took the boat and started on a
+voyage of discovery to the two islands. We had often longed to do
+this, but had been deterred by the fear of storms; for they were
+frequent, and severe enough to capsize an ordinary row-boat like
+ours without great difficulty&mdash;and once capsized, death would
+ensue in spite of the bravest swimming, for that venomous water
+would eat a man's eyes out like fire, and burn him out inside,
+too, if he shipped a sea. It was called twelve miles, straight
+out to the islands&mdash;a long pull and a warm one&mdash;but the morning
+was so quiet and sunny, and the lake so smooth and glassy and
+dead, that we could not resist the temptation. So we filled two
+large tin canteens with water (since we were not acquainted with
+the locality of the spring said to exist on the large island),
+and started. Higbie's brawny muscles gave the boat good speed,
+but by the time we reached our destination we judged that we had
+pulled nearer fifteen miles than twelve.</p>
+
+<p>We landed on the big island and went ashore. We tried the
+water in the canteens, now, and found that the sun had spoiled
+it; it was so brackish that we could not drink it; so we poured
+it out and began a search for the spring&mdash;for thirst augments
+fast as soon as it is apparent that one has no means at hand of
+quenching it. The island was a long, moderately high hill of
+ashes&mdash;nothing but gray ashes and pumice-stone, in which we sunk
+to our knees at every step&mdash;and all around the top was a
+forbidding wall of scorched and blasted rocks. When we reached
+the top and got within the wall, we found simply a shallow,
+far-reaching basin, carpeted with ashes, and here and there a
+patch of fine sand. In places, picturesque jets of steam shot up
+out of crevices, giving evidence that although this ancient
+crater had gone out of active business, there was still some fire
+left in its furnaces. Close to one of these jets of steam stood
+the only tree on the island&mdash;a small pine of most graceful shape
+and most faultless symmetry; its color was a brilliant green, for
+the steam drifted unceasingly through its branches and kept them
+always moist. It contrasted strangely enough, did this vigorous
+and beautiful outcast, with its dead and dismal surroundings. It
+was like a cheerful spirit in a mourning household.</p>
+
+<a name="271"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="271.jpg (56K)" src="images/271.jpg" height="513" width="407">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>We hunted for the spring everywhere, traversing the full
+length of the island (two or three miles), and crossing it
+twice&mdash;climbing ash-hills patiently, and then sliding down the
+other side in a sitting posture, plowing up smothering volumes of
+gray dust. But we found nothing but solitude, ashes and a
+heart-breaking silence. Finally we noticed that the wind had
+risen, and we forgot our thirst in a solicitude of greater
+importance; for, the lake being quiet, we had not taken pains
+about securing the boat. We hurried back to a point overlooking
+our landing place, and then&mdash;but mere words cannot describe our
+dismay&mdash;the boat was gone! The chances were that there was not
+another boat on the entire lake. The situation was not
+comfortable&mdash;in truth, to speak plainly, it was frightful. We
+were prisoners on a desolate island, in aggravating proximity to
+friends who were for the present helpless to aid us; and what was
+still more uncomfortable was the reflection that we had neither
+food nor water. But presently we sighted the boat. It was
+drifting along, leisurely, about fifty yards from shore, tossing
+in a foamy sea. It drifted, and continued to drift, but at the
+same safe distance from land, and we walked along abreast it and
+waited for fortune to favor us. At the end of an hour it
+approached a jutting cape, and Higbie ran ahead and posted
+himself on the utmost verge and prepared for the assault. If we
+failed there, there was no hope for us. It was driving gradually
+shoreward all the time, now; but whether it was driving fast
+enough to make the connection or not was the momentous question.
+When it got within thirty steps of Higbie I was so excited that I
+fancied I could hear my own heart beat. When, a little later, it
+dragged slowly along and seemed about to go by, only one little
+yard out of reach, it seemed as if my heart stood still; and when
+it was exactly abreast him and began to widen away, and he still
+standing like a watching statue, I knew my heart did stop. But
+when he gave a great spring, the next instant, and lit fairly in
+the stern, I discharged a war-whoop that woke the solitudes!</p>
+
+<a name="273"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="273.jpg (62K)" src="images/273.jpg" height="416" width="551">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>But it dulled my enthusiasm, presently, when he told me he had
+not been caring whether the boat came within jumping distance or
+not, so that it passed within eight or ten yards of him, for he
+had made up his mind to shut his eyes and mouth and swim that
+trifling distance. Imbecile that I was, I had not thought of
+that. It was only a long swim that could be fatal.</p>
+
+<p>The sea was running high and the storm increasing. It was
+growing late, too&mdash;three or four in the afternoon. Whether to
+venture toward the mainland or not, was a question of some
+moment. But we were so distressed by thirst that we decide to try
+it, and so Higbie fell to work and I took the steering-oar. When
+we had pulled a mile, laboriously, we were evidently in serious
+peril, for the storm had greatly augmented; the billows ran very
+high and were capped with foaming crests, the heavens were hung
+with black, and the wind blew with great fury. We would have gone
+back, now, but we did not dare to turn the boat around, because
+as soon as she got in the trough of the sea she would upset, of
+course. Our only hope lay in keeping her head-on to the seas. It
+was hard work to do this, she plunged so, and so beat and
+belabored the billows with her rising and falling bows. Now and
+then one of Higbie's oars would trip on the top of a wave, and
+the other one would snatch the boat half around in spite of my
+cumbersome steering apparatus. We were drenched by the sprays
+constantly, and the boat occasionally shipped water. By and by,
+powerful as my comrade was, his great exertions began to tell on
+him, and he was anxious that I should change places with him till
+he could rest a little. But I told him this was impossible; for
+if the steering oar were dropped a moment while we changed, the
+boat would slue around into the trough of the sea, capsize, and
+in less than five minutes we would have a hundred gallons of
+soap- suds in us and be eaten up so quickly that we could not
+even be present at our own inquest.</p>
+
+<p>But things cannot last always. Just as the darkness shut down
+we came booming into port, head on. Higbie dropped his oars to
+hurrah&mdash;I dropped mine to help&mdash;the sea gave the boat a twist,
+and over she went!</p>
+
+<p>The agony that alkali water inflicts on bruises, chafes and
+blistered hands, is unspeakable, and nothing but greasing all
+over will modify it&mdash;but we ate, drank and slept well, that
+night, notwithstanding.</p>
+
+<p>In speaking of the peculiarities of Mono Lake, I ought to have
+mentioned that at intervals all around its shores stand
+picturesque turret-looking masses and clusters of a whitish,
+coarse-grained rock that resembles inferior mortar dried hard;
+and if one breaks off fragments of this rock he will find
+perfectly shaped and thoroughly petrified gulls' eggs deeply
+imbedded in the mass. How did they get there? I simply state the
+fact&mdash;for it is a fact&mdash;and leave the geological reader to crack
+the nut at his leisure and solve the problem after his own
+fashion.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of a week we adjourned to the Sierras on a fishing
+excursion, and spent several days in camp under snowy Castle
+Peak, and fished successfully for trout in a bright, miniature
+lake whose surface was between ten and eleven thousand feet above
+the level of the sea; cooling ourselves during the hot August
+noons by sitting on snow banks ten feet deep, under whose
+sheltering edges fine grass and dainty flowers flourished
+luxuriously; and at night entertaining ourselves by almost
+freezing to death. Then we returned to Mono Lake, and finding
+that the cement excitement was over for the present, packed up
+and went back to Esmeralda. Mr. Ballou reconnoitred awhile, and
+not liking the prospect, set out alone for Humboldt.</p>
+
+<p>About this time occurred a little incident which has always
+had a sort of interest to me, from the fact that it came so near
+"instigating" my funeral. At a time when an Indian attack had
+been expected, the citizens hid their gunpowder where it would be
+safe and yet convenient to hand when wanted. A neighbor of ours
+hid six cans of rifle powder in the bake-oven of an old discarded
+cooking stove which stood on the open ground near a frame
+out-house or shed, and from and after that day never thought of
+it again. We hired a half-tamed Indian to do some washing for us,
+and he took up quarters under the shed with his tub. The ancient
+stove reposed within six feet of him, and before his face.
+Finally it occurred to him that hot water would be better than
+cold, and he went out and fired up under that forgotten powder
+magazine and set on a kettle of water. Then he returned to his
+tub.</p>
+
+<p>I entered the shed presently and threw down some more clothes,
+and was about to speak to him when the stove blew up with a
+prodigious crash, and disappeared, leaving not a splinter behind.
+Fragments of it fell in the streets full two hundred yards away.
+Nearly a third of the shed roof over our heads was destroyed, and
+one of the stove lids, after cutting a small stanchion half in
+two in front of the Indian, whizzed between us and drove partly
+through the weather-boarding beyond. I was as white as a sheet
+and as weak as a kitten and speechless. But the Indian betrayed
+no trepidation, no distress, not even discomfort. He simply
+stopped washing, leaned forward and surveyed the clean, blank
+ground a moment, and then remarked:</p>
+
+<a name="275"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="275.jpg (68K)" src="images/275.jpg" height="426" width="524">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>"Mph! Dam stove heap gone!"&mdash;and resumed his scrubbing as
+placidly as if it were an entirely customary thing for a stove to
+do. I will explain, that "heap" is "Injun-English" for "very
+much." The reader will perceive the exhaustive expressiveness of
+it in the present instance.</p>
+
+<a name="276"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="276.jpg (30K)" src="images/276.jpg" height="247" width="574">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<a name="ch40"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<h2>CHAPTER XL.</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+
+<p>I now come to a curious episode&mdash;the most curious,
+I think, that had yet accented my slothful, valueless, heedless
+career. Out of a hillside toward the upper end of the town,
+projected a wall of reddish looking quartz-croppings, the exposed
+comb of a silver-bearing ledge that extended deep down into the
+earth, of course. It was owned by a company entitled the "Wide
+West." There was a shaft sixty or seventy feet deep on the under
+side of the croppings, and everybody was acquainted with the rock
+that came from it&mdash;and tolerably rich rock it was, too, but
+nothing extraordinary. I will remark here, that although to the
+inexperienced stranger all the quartz of a particular "district"
+looks about alike, an old resident of the camp can take a glance
+at a mixed pile of rock, separate the fragments and tell you
+which mine each came from, as easily as a confectioner can
+separate and classify the various kinds and qualities of candy in
+a mixed heap of the article.</p>
+
+<p>All at once the town was thrown into a state of extraordinary
+excitement. In mining parlance the Wide West had "struck it
+rich!" Everybody went to see the new developments, and for some
+days there was such a crowd of people about the Wide West shaft
+that a stranger would have supposed there was a mass meeting in
+session there. No other topic was discussed but the rich strike,
+and nobody thought or dreamed about anything else. Every man
+brought away a specimen, ground it up in a hand mortar, washed it
+out in his horn spoon, and glared speechless upon the marvelous
+result. It was not hard rock, but black, decomposed stuff which
+could be crumbled in the hand like a baked potato, and when
+spread out on a paper exhibited a thick sprinkling of gold and
+particles of "native" silver. Higbie brought a handful to the
+cabin, and when he had washed it out his amazement was beyond
+description. Wide West stock soared skywards. It was said that
+repeated offers had been made for it at a thousand dollars a
+foot, and promptly refused. We have all had the "blues"&mdash;the mere
+sky- blues&mdash;but mine were indigo, now&mdash;because I did not own in
+the Wide West. The world seemed hollow to me, and existence a
+grief. I lost my appetite, and ceased to take an interest in
+anything. Still I had to stay, and listen to other people's
+rejoicings, because I had no money to get out of the camp
+with.</p>
+
+<p>The Wide West company put a stop to the carrying away of
+"specimens," and well they might, for every handful of the ore
+was worth a sun of some consequence. To show the exceeding value
+of the ore, I will remark that a sixteen-hundred-pounds parcel of
+it was sold, just as it lay, at the mouth of the shaft, at one
+dollar a pound; and the man who bought it "packed" it on mules a
+hundred and fifty or two hundred miles, over the mountains, to
+San Francisco, satisfied that it would yield at a rate that would
+richly compensate him for his trouble. The Wide West people also
+commanded their foreman to refuse any but their own operatives
+permission to enter the mine at any time or for any purpose. I
+kept up my "blue" meditations and Higbie kept up a deal of
+thinking, too, but of a different sort. He puzzled over the
+"rock," examined it with a glass, inspected it in different
+lights and from different points of view, and after each
+experiment delivered himself, in soliloquy, of one and the same
+unvarying opinion in the same unvarying formula:</p>
+
+<p>"It is not Wide West rock!"</p>
+
+<p>He said once or twice that he meant to have a look into the
+Wide West shaft if he got shot for it. I was wretched, and did
+not care whether he got a look into it or not. He failed that
+day, and tried again at night; failed again; got up at dawn and
+tried, and failed again. Then he lay in ambush in the sage brush
+hour after hour, waiting for the two or three hands to adjourn to
+the shade of a boulder for dinner; made a start once, but was
+premature&mdash;one of the men came back for something; tried it
+again, but when almost at the mouth of the shaft, another of the
+men rose up from behind the boulder as if to reconnoitre, and he
+dropped on the ground and lay quiet; presently he crawled on his
+hands and knees to the mouth of the shaft, gave a quick glance
+around, then seized the rope and slid down the shaft.</p>
+
+<a name="279"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="279.jpg (47K)" src="images/279.jpg" height="549" width="271">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>He disappeared in the gloom of a "side drift" just as a head
+appeared in the mouth of the shaft and somebody shouted
+"Hello!"&mdash;which he did not answer. He was not disturbed any more.
+An hour later he entered the cabin, hot, red, and ready to burst
+with smothered excitement, and exclaimed in a stage whisper:</p>
+
+<p>"I knew it! We are rich! IT'S A BLIND LEAD!"</p>
+
+<p>I thought the very earth reeled under me.
+Doubt&mdash;conviction&mdash;doubt again&mdash;exultation&mdash;hope, amazement,
+belief, unbelief&mdash;every emotion imaginable swept in wild
+procession through my heart and brain, and I could not speak a
+word. After a moment or two of this mental fury, I shook myself
+to rights, and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Say it again!"</p>
+
+<p>"It's blind lead!"</p>
+
+<p>"Cal, let's&mdash;let's burn the house&mdash;or kill somebody! Let's get
+out where there's room to hurrah! But what is the use? It is a
+hundred times too good to be true."</p>
+
+<p>"It's a blind lead, for a million!&mdash;hanging wall&mdash;foot
+wall&mdash;clay casings&mdash;everything complete!" He swung his hat and
+gave three cheers, and I cast doubt to the winds and chimed in
+with a will. For I was worth a million dollars, and did not care
+"whether school kept or not!"</p>
+
+<a name="280"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="280.jpg (50K)" src="images/280.jpg" height="490" width="394">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>But perhaps I ought to explain. A "blind lead" is a lead or
+ledge that does not "crop out" above the surface. A miner does
+not know where to look for such leads, but they are often
+stumbled upon by accident in the course of driving a tunnel or
+sinking a shaft. Higbie knew the Wide West rock perfectly well,
+and the more he had examined the new developments the more he was
+satisfied that the ore could not have come from the Wide West
+vein. And so had it occurred to him alone, of all the camp, that
+there was a blind lead down in the shaft, and that even the Wide
+West people themselves did not suspect it. He was right. When he
+went down the shaft, he found that the blind lead held its
+independent way through the Wide West vein, cutting it
+diagonally, and that it was enclosed in its own well-defined
+casing-rocks and clay. Hence it was public property. Both leads
+being perfectly well defined, it was easy for any miner to see
+which one belonged to the Wide West and which did not.</p>
+
+<p>We thought it well to have a strong friend, and therefore we
+brought the foreman of the Wide West to our cabin that night and
+revealed the great surprise to him. Higbie said:</p>
+
+<p>"We are going to take possession of this blind lead, record it
+and establish ownership, and then forbid the Wide West company to
+take out any more of the rock. You cannot help your company in
+this matter&mdash;nobody can help them. I will go into the shaft with
+you and prove to your entire satisfaction that it is a blind
+lead. Now we propose to take you in with us, and claim the blind
+lead in our three names. What do you say?"</p>
+
+<p>What could a man say who had an opportunity to simply stretch
+forth his hand and take possession of a fortune without risk of
+any kind and without wronging any one or attaching the least
+taint of dishonor to his name? He could only say, "Agreed."</p>
+
+<p>The notice was put up that night, and duly spread upon the
+recorder's books before ten o'clock. We claimed two hundred feet
+each&mdash;six hundred feet in all&mdash;the smallest and compactest
+organization in the district, and the easiest to manage.</p>
+
+<p>No one can be so thoughtless as to suppose that we slept, that
+night. Higbie and I went to bed at midnight, but it was only to
+lie broad awake and think, dream, scheme. The floorless,
+tumble-down cabin was a palace, the ragged gray blankets silk,
+the furniture rosewood and mahogany. Each new splendor that burst
+out of my visions of the future whirled me bodily over in bed or
+jerked me to a sitting posture just as if an electric battery had
+been applied to me. We shot fragments of conversation back and
+forth at each other. Once Higbie said:</p>
+
+<p>"When are you going home&mdash;to the States?"</p>
+
+<p>"To-morrow!"&mdash;with an evolution or two, ending with a sitting
+position. "Well&mdash;no&mdash;but next month, at furthest."</p>
+
+<p>"We'll go in the same steamer."</p>
+
+<p>"Agreed."</p>
+
+<p>A pause.</p>
+
+<p>"Steamer of the 10th?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes. No, the 1st."</p>
+
+<p>"All right."</p>
+
+<p>Another pause.</p>
+
+<p>"Where are you going to live?" said Higbie.</p>
+
+<p>"San Francisco."</p>
+
+<p>"That's me!"</p>
+
+<p>Pause.</p>
+
+<p>"Too high&mdash;too much climbing"&mdash;from Higbie.</p>
+
+<p>"What is?"</p>
+
+<p>"I was thinking of Russian Hill&mdash;building a house up
+there."</p>
+
+<p>"Too much climbing? Shan't you keep a carriage?"</p>
+
+<p>"Of course. I forgot that."</p>
+
+<p>Pause.</p>
+
+<a name="282"></a>
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="282.jpg (70K)" src="images/282.jpg" height="412" width="552">
+</center>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>"Cal., what kind of a house are you going to build?"</p>
+
+<p>"I was thinking about that. Three-story and an attic."</p>
+
+<p>"But what kind?"</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I don't hardly know. Brick, I suppose."</p>
+
+<p>"Brick&mdash;bosh."</p>
+
+<p>"Why? What is your idea?"</p>
+
+<p>"Brown stone front&mdash;French plate glass&mdash;billiard-room off the
+dining- room&mdash;statuary and paintings&mdash;shrubbery and two-acre
+grass plat&mdash;greenhouse&mdash;iron dog on the front stoop&mdash;gray
+horses&mdash;landau, and a coachman with a bug on his hat!"</p>
+
+<p>"By George!"</p>
+
+<p>A long pause.</p>
+
+<p>"Cal., when are you going to Europe?"</p>
+
+<p>"Well&mdash;I hadn't thought of that. When are you?"</p>
+
+<p>"In the Spring."</p>
+
+<p>"Going to be gone all summer?"</p>
+
+<p>"All summer! I shall remain there three years."</p>
+
+<p>"No&mdash;but are you in earnest?"</p>
+
+<p>"Indeed I am."</p>
+
+<p>"I will go along too."</p>
+
+<p>"Why of course you will."</p>
+
+<p>"What part of Europe shall you go to?"</p>
+
+<p>"All parts. France, England, Germany&mdash;Spain, Italy,
+Switzerland, Syria, Greece, Palestine, Arabia, Persia, Egypt&mdash;all
+over&mdash;everywhere."</p>
+
+<p>"I'm agreed."</p>
+
+<p>"All right."</p>
+
+<p>"Won't it be a swell trip!"</p>
+
+<p>"We'll spend forty or fifty thousand dollars trying to make it
+one, anyway."</p>
+
+<p>Another long pause.</p>
+
+<p>"Higbie, we owe the butcher six dollars, and he has been
+threatening to stop our&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Hang the butcher!"</p>
+
+<p>"Amen."</p>
+
+<p>And so it went on. By three o'clock we found it was no use,
+and so we got up and played cribbage and smoked pipes till
+sunrise. It was my week to cook. I always hated cooking&mdash;now, I
+abhorred it.</p>
+
+<p>The news was all over town. The former excitement was
+great&mdash;this one was greater still. I walked the streets serene
+and happy. Higbie said the foreman had been offered two hundred
+thousand dollars for his third of the mine. I said I would like
+to see myself selling for any such price. My ideas were lofty. My
+figure was a million. Still, I honestly believe that if I had
+been offered it, it would have had no other effect than to make
+me hold off for more.</p>
+
+<p>I found abundant enjoyment in being rich. A man offered me a
+three- hundred-dollar horse, and wanted to take my simple,
+unendorsed note for it. That brought the most realizing sense I
+had yet had that I was actually rich, beyond shadow of doubt. It
+was followed by numerous other evidences of a similar
+nature&mdash;among which I may mention the fact of the butcher leaving
+us a double supply of meat and saying nothing about money.</p>
+
+<p>By the laws of the district, the "locators" or claimants of a
+ledge were obliged to do a fair and reasonable amount of work on
+their new property within ten days after the date of the
+location, or the property was forfeited, and anybody could go and
+seize it that chose. So we determined to go to work the next day.
+About the middle of the afternoon, as I was coming out of the
+post office, I met a Mr. Gardiner, who told me that Capt. John
+Nye was lying dangerously ill at his place (the "Nine-Mile
+Ranch"), and that he and his wife were not able to give him
+nearly as much care and attention as his case demanded. I said if
+he would wait for me a moment, I would go down and help in the
+sick room. I ran to the cabin to tell Higbie. He was not there,
+but I left a note on the table for him, and a few minutes later I
+left town in Gardiner's wagon.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<br>
+<br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Roughing It, Part 4.
+by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Roughing It, Part 4., by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Roughing It, Part 4.
+
+Author: Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
+Release Date: July 2, 2004 [EBook #8585]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROUGHING IT, PART 4. ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+ ROUGHING IT
+
+ by Mark Twain
+
+ 1880
+
+ Part 4.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+There were two men in the company who caused me particular discomfort.
+One was a little Swede, about twenty-five years old, who knew only one
+song, and he was forever singing it. By day we were all crowded into one
+small, stifling bar-room, and so there was no escaping this person's
+music. Through all the profanity, whisky-guzzling, "old sledge" and
+quarreling, his monotonous song meandered with never a variation in its
+tiresome sameness, and it seemed to me, at last, that I would be content
+to die, in order to be rid of the torture. The other man was a stalwart
+ruffian called "Arkansas," who carried two revolvers in his belt and a
+bowie knife projecting from his boot, and who was always drunk and always
+suffering for a fight. But he was so feared, that nobody would
+accommodate him. He would try all manner of little wary ruses to entrap
+somebody into an offensive remark, and his face would light up now and
+then when he fancied he was fairly on the scent of a fight, but
+invariably his victim would elude his toils and then he would show a
+disappointment that was almost pathetic. The landlord, Johnson, was a
+meek, well-meaning fellow, and Arkansas fastened on him early, as a
+promising subject, and gave him no rest day or night, for awhile. On the
+fourth morning, Arkansas got drunk and sat himself down to wait for an
+opportunity. Presently Johnson came in, just comfortably sociable with
+whisky, and said:
+
+"I reckon the Pennsylvania 'lection--"
+
+Arkansas raised his finger impressively and Johnson stopped. Arkansas
+rose unsteadily and confronted him. Said he:
+
+"Wha-what do you know a--about Pennsylvania? Answer me that. Wha--what
+do you know 'bout Pennsylvania?"
+
+"I was only goin' to say--"
+
+"You was only goin' to say. You was! You was only goin' to say--what
+was you goin' to say? That's it! That's what I want to know. I want to
+know wha--what you ('ic) what you know about Pennsylvania, since you're
+makin' yourself so d---d free. Answer me that!"
+
+"Mr. Arkansas, if you'd only let me--"
+
+"Who's a henderin' you? Don't you insinuate nothing agin me!--don't you
+do it. Don't you come in here bullyin' around, and cussin' and goin' on
+like a lunatic--don't you do it. 'Coz I won't stand it. If fight's what
+you want, out with it! I'm your man! Out with it!"
+
+Said Johnson, backing into a corner, Arkansas following, menacingly:
+
+"Why, I never said nothing, Mr. Arkansas. You don't give a man no
+chance. I was only goin' to say that Pennsylvania was goin' to have an
+election next week--that was all--that was everything I was goin' to say
+--I wish I may never stir if it wasn't."
+
+"Well then why d'n't you say it? What did you come swellin' around that
+way for, and tryin' to raise trouble?"
+
+"Why I didn't come swellin' around, Mr. Arkansas--I just--"
+
+"I'm a liar am I! Ger-reat Caesar's ghost--"
+
+"Oh, please, Mr. Arkansas, I never meant such a thing as that, I wish I
+may die if I did. All the boys will tell you that I've always spoke well
+of you, and respected you more'n any man in the house. Ask Smith. Ain't
+it so, Smith? Didn't I say, no longer ago than last night, that for a
+man that was a gentleman all the time and every way you took him, give me
+Arkansas? I'll leave it to any gentleman here if them warn't the very
+words I used. Come, now, Mr. Arkansas, le's take a drink--le's shake
+hands and take a drink. Come up--everybody! It's my treat. Come up,
+Bill, Tom, Bob, Scotty--come up. I want you all to take a drink with me
+and Arkansas--old Arkansas, I call him--bully old Arkansas. Gimme your
+hand agin. Look at him, boys--just take a look at him. Thar stands the
+whitest man in America!--and the man that denies it has got to fight me,
+that's all. Gimme that old flipper agin!"
+
+They embraced, with drunken affection on the landlord's part and
+unresponsive toleration on the part of Arkansas, who, bribed by a drink,
+was disappointed of his prey once more. But the foolish landlord was so
+happy to have escaped butchery, that he went on talking when he ought to
+have marched himself out of danger. The consequence was that Arkansas
+shortly began to glower upon him dangerously, and presently said:
+
+"Lan'lord, will you p-please make that remark over agin if you please?"
+
+"I was a-sayin' to Scotty that my father was up'ards of eighty year old
+when he died."
+
+"Was that all that you said?"
+
+"Yes, that was all."
+
+"Didn't say nothing but that?"
+
+"No--nothing."
+
+Then an uncomfortable silence.
+
+Arkansas played with his glass a moment, lolling on his elbows on the
+counter. Then he meditatively scratched his left shin with his right
+boot, while the awkward silence continued. But presently he loafed away
+toward the stove, looking dissatisfied; roughly shouldered two or three
+men out of a comfortable position; occupied it himself, gave a sleeping
+dog a kick that sent him howling under a bench, then spread his long legs
+and his blanket-coat tails apart and proceeded to warm his back. In a
+little while he fell to grumbling to himself, and soon he slouched back
+to the bar and said:
+
+"Lan'lord, what's your idea for rakin' up old personalities and blowin'
+about your father? Ain't this company agreeable to you? Ain't it? If
+this company ain't agreeable to you, p'r'aps we'd better leave. Is that
+your idea? Is that what you're coming at?"
+
+"Why bless your soul, Arkansas, I warn't thinking of such a thing. My
+father and my mother--"
+
+"Lan'lord, don't crowd a man! Don't do it. If nothing'll do you but a
+disturbance, out with it like a man ('ic)--but don't rake up old bygones
+and fling'em in the teeth of a passel of people that wants to be
+peaceable if they could git a chance. What's the matter with you this
+mornin', anyway? I never see a man carry on so."
+
+"Arkansas, I reely didn't mean no harm, and I won't go on with it if it's
+onpleasant to you. I reckon my licker's got into my head, and what with
+the flood, and havin' so many to feed and look out for--"
+
+"So that's what's a-ranklin' in your heart, is it? You want us to leave
+do you? There's too many on us. You want us to pack up and swim. Is
+that it? Come!"
+
+"Please be reasonable, Arkansas. Now you know that I ain't the man to--"
+
+"Are you a threatenin' me? Are you? By George, the man don't live that
+can skeer me! Don't you try to come that game, my chicken--'cuz I can
+stand a good deal, but I won't stand that. Come out from behind that bar
+till I clean you! You want to drive us out, do you, you sneakin'
+underhanded hound! Come out from behind that bar! I'll learn you to
+bully and badger and browbeat a gentleman that's forever trying to
+befriend you and keep you out of trouble!"
+
+"Please, Arkansas, please don't shoot! If there's got to be bloodshed--"
+
+"Do you hear that, gentlemen? Do you hear him talk about bloodshed? So
+it's blood you want, is it, you ravin' desperado! You'd made up your
+mind to murder somebody this mornin'--I knowed it perfectly well. I'm
+the man, am I? It's me you're goin' to murder, is it? But you can't do
+it 'thout I get one chance first, you thievin' black-hearted,
+white-livered son of a nigger! Draw your weepon!"
+
+With that, Arkansas began to shoot, and the landlord to clamber over
+benches, men and every sort of obstacle in a frantic desire to escape.
+In the midst of the wild hubbub the landlord crashed through a glass
+door, and as Arkansas charged after him the landlord's wife suddenly
+appeared in the doorway and confronted the desperado with a pair of
+scissors! Her fury was magnificent. With head erect and flashing eye
+she stood a moment and then advanced, with her weapon raised. The
+astonished ruffian hesitated, and then fell back a step. She followed.
+She backed him step by step into the middle of the bar-room, and then,
+while the wondering crowd closed up and gazed, she gave him such another
+tongue-lashing as never a cowed and shamefaced braggart got before,
+perhaps! As she finished and retired victorious, a roar of applause
+shook the house, and every man ordered "drinks for the crowd" in one and
+the same breath.
+
+The lesson was entirely sufficient. The reign of terror was over, and
+the Arkansas domination broken for good. During the rest of the season
+of island captivity, there was one man who sat apart in a state of
+permanent humiliation, never mixing in any quarrel or uttering a boast,
+and never resenting the insults the once cringing crew now constantly
+leveled at him, and that man was "Arkansas."
+
+By the fifth or sixth morning the waters had subsided from the land, but
+the stream in the old river bed was still high and swift and there was no
+possibility of crossing it. On the eighth it was still too high for an
+entirely safe passage, but life in the inn had become next to
+insupportable by reason of the dirt, drunkenness, fighting, etc., and so
+we made an effort to get away. In the midst of a heavy snow-storm we
+embarked in a canoe, taking our saddles aboard and towing our horses
+after us by their halters. The Prussian, Ollendorff, was in the bow,
+with a paddle, Ballou paddled in the middle, and I sat in the stern
+holding the halters. When the horses lost their footing and began to
+swim, Ollendorff got frightened, for there was great danger that the
+horses would make our aim uncertain, and it was plain that if we failed
+to land at a certain spot the current would throw us off and almost
+surely cast us into the main Carson, which was a boiling torrent, now.
+Such a catastrophe would be death, in all probability, for we would be
+swept to sea in the "Sink" or overturned and drowned. We warned
+Ollendorff to keep his wits about him and handle himself carefully, but
+it was useless; the moment the bow touched the bank, he made a spring and
+the canoe whirled upside down in ten-foot water.
+
+Ollendorff seized some brush and dragged himself ashore, but Ballou and I
+had to swim for it, encumbered with our overcoats. But we held on to the
+canoe, and although we were washed down nearly to the Carson, we managed
+to push the boat ashore and make a safe landing. We were cold and
+water-soaked, but safe. The horses made a landing, too, but our saddles
+were gone, of course. We tied the animals in the sage-brush and there
+they had to stay for twenty-four hours. We baled out the canoe and
+ferried over some food and blankets for them, but we slept one more night
+in the inn before making another venture on our journey.
+
+The next morning it was still snowing furiously when we got away with our
+new stock of saddles and accoutrements. We mounted and started. The
+snow lay so deep on the ground that there was no sign of a road
+perceptible, and the snow-fall was so thick that we could not see more
+than a hundred yards ahead, else we could have guided our course by the
+mountain ranges. The case looked dubious, but Ollendorff said his
+instinct was as sensitive as any compass, and that he could "strike a
+bee-line" for Carson city and never diverge from it. He said that if he
+were to straggle a single point out of the true line his instinct would
+assail him like an outraged conscience. Consequently we dropped into his
+wake happy and content. For half an hour we poked along warily enough,
+but at the end of that time we came upon a fresh trail, and Ollendorff
+shouted proudly:
+
+"I knew I was as dead certain as a compass, boys! Here we are, right in
+somebody's tracks that will hunt the way for us without any trouble.
+Let's hurry up and join company with the party."
+
+So we put the horses into as much of a trot as the deep snow would allow,
+and before long it was evident that we were gaining on our predecessors,
+for the tracks grew more distinct. We hurried along, and at the end of
+an hour the tracks looked still newer and fresher--but what surprised us
+was, that the number of travelers in advance of us seemed to steadily
+increase. We wondered how so large a party came to be traveling at such
+a time and in such a solitude. Somebody suggested that it must be a
+company of soldiers from the fort, and so we accepted that solution and
+jogged along a little faster still, for they could not be far off now.
+But the tracks still multiplied, and we began to think the platoon of
+soldiers was miraculously expanding into a regiment--Ballou said they had
+already increased to five hundred! Presently he stopped his horse and
+said:
+
+"Boys, these are our own tracks, and we've actually been circussing round
+and round in a circle for more than two hours, out here in this blind
+desert! By George this is perfectly hydraulic!"
+
+Then the old man waxed wroth and abusive. He called Ollendorff all
+manner of hard names--said he never saw such a lurid fool as he was, and
+ended with the peculiarly venomous opinion that he "did not know as much
+as a logarythm!"
+
+We certainly had been following our own tracks. Ollendorff and his
+"mental compass" were in disgrace from that moment.
+
+After all our hard travel, here we were on the bank of the stream again,
+with the inn beyond dimly outlined through the driving snow-fall. While
+we were considering what to do, the young Swede landed from the canoe and
+took his pedestrian way Carson-wards, singing his same tiresome song
+about his "sister and his brother" and "the child in the grave with its
+mother," and in a short minute faded and disappeared in the white
+oblivion. He was never heard of again. He no doubt got bewildered and
+lost, and Fatigue delivered him over to Sleep and Sleep betrayed him to
+Death. Possibly he followed our treacherous tracks till he became
+exhausted and dropped.
+
+Presently the Overland stage forded the now fast receding stream and
+started toward Carson on its first trip since the flood came. We
+hesitated no longer, now, but took up our march in its wake, and trotted
+merrily along, for we had good confidence in the driver's bump of
+locality. But our horses were no match for the fresh stage team. We
+were soon left out of sight; but it was no matter, for we had the deep
+ruts the wheels made for a guide. By this time it was three in the
+afternoon, and consequently it was not very long before night came--and
+not with a lingering twilight, but with a sudden shutting down like a
+cellar door, as is its habit in that country. The snowfall was still as
+thick as ever, and of course we could not see fifteen steps before us;
+but all about us the white glare of the snow-bed enabled us to discern
+the smooth sugar-loaf mounds made by the covered sage-bushes, and just in
+front of us the two faint grooves which we knew were the steadily filling
+and slowly disappearing wheel-tracks.
+
+Now those sage-bushes were all about the same height--three or four feet;
+they stood just about seven feet apart, all over the vast desert; each of
+them was a mere snow-mound, now; in any direction that you proceeded (the
+same as in a well laid out orchard) you would find yourself moving down a
+distinctly defined avenue, with a row of these snow-mounds an either side
+of it--an avenue the customary width of a road, nice and level in its
+breadth, and rising at the sides in the most natural way, by reason of
+the mounds. But we had not thought of this. Then imagine the chilly
+thrill that shot through us when it finally occurred to us, far in the
+night, that since the last faint trace of the wheel-tracks had long ago
+been buried from sight, we might now be wandering down a mere sage-brush
+avenue, miles away from the road and diverging further and further away
+from it all the time. Having a cake of ice slipped down one's back is
+placid comfort compared to it. There was a sudden leap and stir of blood
+that had been asleep for an hour, and as sudden a rousing of all the
+drowsing activities in our minds and bodies. We were alive and awake at
+once--and shaking and quaking with consternation, too. There was an
+instant halting and dismounting, a bending low and an anxious scanning of
+the road-bed. Useless, of course; for if a faint depression could not be
+discerned from an altitude of four or five feet above it, it certainly
+could not with one's nose nearly against it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+We seemed to be in a road, but that was no proof. We tested this by
+walking off in various directions--the regular snow-mounds and the
+regular avenues between them convinced each man that he had found the
+true road, and that the others had found only false ones. Plainly the
+situation was desperate. We were cold and stiff and the horses were
+tired. We decided to build a sage-brush fire and camp out till morning.
+This was wise, because if we were wandering from the right road and the
+snow-storm continued another day our case would be the next thing to
+hopeless if we kept on.
+
+All agreed that a camp fire was what would come nearest to saving us,
+now, and so we set about building it. We could find no matches, and so
+we tried to make shift with the pistols. Not a man in the party had ever
+tried to do such a thing before, but not a man in the party doubted that
+it could be done, and without any trouble--because every man in the party
+had read about it in books many a time and had naturally come to believe
+it, with trusting simplicity, just as he had long ago accepted and
+believed that other common book-fraud about Indians and lost hunters
+making a fire by rubbing two dry sticks together.
+
+We huddled together on our knees in the deep snow, and the horses put
+their noses together and bowed their patient heads over us; and while the
+feathery flakes eddied down and turned us into a group of white statuary,
+we proceeded with the momentous experiment. We broke twigs from a sage
+bush and piled them on a little cleared place in the shelter of our
+bodies. In the course of ten or fifteen minutes all was ready, and then,
+while conversation ceased and our pulses beat low with anxious suspense,
+Ollendorff applied his revolver, pulled the trigger and blew the pile
+clear out of the county! It was the flattest failure that ever was.
+
+This was distressing, but it paled before a greater horror--the horses
+were gone! I had been appointed to hold the bridles, but in my absorbing
+anxiety over the pistol experiment I had unconsciously dropped them and
+the released animals had walked off in the storm. It was useless to try
+to follow them, for their footfalls could make no sound, and one could
+pass within two yards of the creatures and never see them. We gave them
+up without an effort at recovering them, and cursed the lying books that
+said horses would stay by their masters for protection and companionship
+in a distressful time like ours.
+
+We were miserable enough, before; we felt still more forlorn, now.
+Patiently, but with blighted hope, we broke more sticks and piled them,
+and once more the Prussian shot them into annihilation. Plainly, to
+light a fire with a pistol was an art requiring practice and experience,
+and the middle of a desert at midnight in a snow-storm was not a good
+place or time for the acquiring of the accomplishment. We gave it up and
+tried the other. Each man took a couple of sticks and fell to chafing
+them together. At the end of half an hour we were thoroughly chilled,
+and so were the sticks. We bitterly execrated the Indians, the hunters
+and the books that had betrayed us with the silly device, and wondered
+dismally what was next to be done. At this critical moment Mr. Ballou
+fished out four matches from the rubbish of an overlooked pocket. To
+have found four gold bars would have seemed poor and cheap good luck
+compared to this.
+
+One cannot think how good a match looks under such circumstances--or how
+lovable and precious, and sacredly beautiful to the eye. This time we
+gathered sticks with high hopes; and when Mr. Ballou prepared to light
+the first match, there was an amount of interest centred upon him that
+pages of writing could not describe. The match burned hopefully a
+moment, and then went out. It could not have carried more regret with it
+if it had been a human life. The next match simply flashed and died.
+The wind puffed the third one out just as it was on the imminent verge of
+success. We gathered together closer than ever, and developed a
+solicitude that was rapt and painful, as Mr. Ballou scratched our last
+hope on his leg. It lit, burned blue and sickly, and then budded into a
+robust flame. Shading it with his hands, the old gentleman bent
+gradually down and every heart went with him--everybody, too, for that
+matter--and blood and breath stood still. The flame touched the sticks
+at last, took gradual hold upon them--hesitated--took a stronger hold
+--hesitated again--held its breath five heart-breaking seconds, then gave a
+sort of human gasp and went out.
+
+Nobody said a word for several minutes. It was a solemn sort of silence;
+even the wind put on a stealthy, sinister quiet, and made no more noise
+than the falling flakes of snow. Finally a sad-voiced conversation
+began, and it was soon apparent that in each of our hearts lay the
+conviction that this was our last night with the living. I had so hoped
+that I was the only one who felt so. When the others calmly acknowledged
+their conviction, it sounded like the summons itself. Ollendorff said:
+
+"Brothers, let us die together. And let us go without one hard feeling
+towards each other. Let us forget and forgive bygones. I know that you
+have felt hard towards me for turning over the canoe, and for knowing too
+much and leading you round and round in the snow--but I meant well;
+forgive me. I acknowledge freely that I have had hard feelings against
+Mr. Ballou for abusing me and calling me a logarythm, which is a thing I
+do not know what, but no doubt a thing considered disgraceful and
+unbecoming in America, and it has scarcely been out of my mind and has
+hurt me a great deal--but let it go; I forgive Mr. Ballou with all my
+heart, and--"
+
+Poor Ollendorff broke down and the tears came. He was not alone, for I
+was crying too, and so was Mr. Ballou. Ollendorff got his voice again
+and forgave me for things I had done and said. Then he got out his
+bottle of whisky and said that whether he lived or died he would never
+touch another drop. He said he had given up all hope of life, and
+although ill-prepared, was ready to submit humbly to his fate; that he
+wished he could be spared a little longer, not for any selfish reason,
+but to make a thorough reform in his character, and by devoting himself
+to helping the poor, nursing the sick, and pleading with the people to
+guard themselves against the evils of intemperance, make his life a
+beneficent example to the young, and lay it down at last with the
+precious reflection that it had not been lived in vain. He ended by
+saying that his reform should begin at this moment, even here in the
+presence of death, since no longer time was to be vouchsafed wherein to
+prosecute it to men's help and benefit--and with that he threw away the
+bottle of whisky.
+
+Mr. Ballou made remarks of similar purport, and began the reform he could
+not live to continue, by throwing away the ancient pack of cards that had
+solaced our captivity during the flood and made it bearable.
+
+He said he never gambled, but still was satisfied that the meddling with
+cards in any way was immoral and injurious, and no man could be wholly
+pure and blemishless without eschewing them. "And therefore," continued
+he, "in doing this act I already feel more in sympathy with that
+spiritual saturnalia necessary to entire and obsolete reform." These
+rolling syllables touched him as no intelligible eloquence could have
+done, and the old man sobbed with a mournfulness not unmingled with
+satisfaction.
+
+My own remarks were of the same tenor as those of my comrades, and I know
+that the feelings that prompted them were heartfelt and sincere. We were
+all sincere, and all deeply moved and earnest, for we were in the
+presence of death and without hope. I threw away my pipe, and in doing
+it felt that at last I was free of a hated vice and one that had ridden
+me like a tyrant all my days. While I yet talked, the thought of the
+good I might have done in the world and the still greater good I might
+now do, with these new incentives and higher and better aims to guide me
+if I could only be spared a few years longer, overcame me and the tears
+came again. We put our arms about each other's necks and awaited the
+warning drowsiness that precedes death by freezing.
+
+It came stealing over us presently, and then we bade each other a last
+farewell. A delicious dreaminess wrought its web about my yielding
+senses, while the snow-flakes wove a winding sheet about my conquered
+body. Oblivion came. The battle of life was done.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+I do not know how long I was in a state of forgetfulness, but it seemed
+an age. A vague consciousness grew upon me by degrees, and then came a
+gathering anguish of pain in my limbs and through all my body. I
+shuddered. The thought flitted through my brain, "this is death--this is
+the hereafter."
+
+Then came a white upheaval at my side, and a voice said, with bitterness:
+
+"Will some gentleman be so good as to kick me behind?"
+
+It was Ballou--at least it was a towzled snow image in a sitting posture,
+with Ballou's voice.
+
+I rose up, and there in the gray dawn, not fifteen steps from us, were
+the frame buildings of a stage station, and under a shed stood our still
+saddled and bridled horses!
+
+An arched snow-drift broke up, now, and Ollendorff emerged from it, and
+the three of us sat and stared at the houses without speaking a word.
+We really had nothing to say. We were like the profane man who could not
+"do the subject justice," the whole situation was so painfully ridiculous
+and humiliating that words were tame and we did not know where to
+commence anyhow.
+
+The joy in our hearts at our deliverance was poisoned; well-nigh
+dissipated, indeed. We presently began to grow pettish by degrees, and
+sullen; and then, angry at each other, angry at ourselves, angry at
+everything in general, we moodily dusted the snow from our clothing and
+in unsociable single file plowed our way to the horses, unsaddled them,
+and sought shelter in the station.
+
+I have scarcely exaggerated a detail of this curious and absurd
+adventure. It occurred almost exactly as I have stated it. We actually
+went into camp in a snow-drift in a desert, at midnight in a storm,
+forlorn and hopeless, within fifteen steps of a comfortable inn.
+
+For two hours we sat apart in the station and ruminated in disgust.
+The mystery was gone, now, and it was plain enough why the horses had
+deserted us. Without a doubt they were under that shed a quarter of a
+minute after they had left us, and they must have overheard and enjoyed
+all our confessions and lamentations.
+
+After breakfast we felt better, and the zest of life soon came back.
+The world looked bright again, and existence was as dear to us as ever.
+Presently an uneasiness came over me--grew upon me--assailed me without
+ceasing. Alas, my regeneration was not complete--I wanted to smoke!
+I resisted with all my strength, but the flesh was weak. I wandered away
+alone and wrestled with myself an hour. I recalled my promises of reform
+and preached to myself persuasively, upbraidingly, exhaustively. But it
+was all vain, I shortly found myself sneaking among the snow-drifts
+hunting for my pipe. I discovered it after a considerable search, and
+crept away to hide myself and enjoy it. I remained behind the barn a
+good while, asking myself how I would feel if my braver, stronger, truer
+comrades should catch me in my degradation. At last I lit the pipe, and
+no human being can feel meaner and baser than I did then. I was ashamed
+of being in my own pitiful company. Still dreading discovery, I felt
+that perhaps the further side of the barn would be somewhat safer, and so
+I turned the corner. As I turned the one corner, smoking, Ollendorff
+turned the other with his bottle to his lips, and between us sat
+unconscious Ballou deep in a game of "solitaire" with the old greasy
+cards!
+
+Absurdity could go no farther. We shook hands and agreed to say no more
+about "reform" and "examples to the rising generation."
+
+The station we were at was at the verge of the Twenty-six-Mile Desert.
+If we had approached it half an hour earlier the night before, we must
+have heard men shouting there and firing pistols; for they were expecting
+some sheep drovers and their flocks and knew that they would infallibly
+get lost and wander out of reach of help unless guided by sounds.
+
+While we remained at the station, three of the drovers arrived, nearly
+exhausted with their wanderings, but two others of their party were never
+heard of afterward.
+
+We reached Carson in due time, and took a rest. This rest, together with
+preparations for the journey to Esmeralda, kept us there a week, and the
+delay gave us the opportunity to be present at the trial of the great
+land-slide case of Hyde vs. Morgan--an episode which is famous in Nevada
+to this day. After a word or two of necessary explanation, I will set
+down the history of this singular affair just as it transpired.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+The mountains are very high and steep about Carson, Eagle and Washoe
+Valleys--very high and very steep, and so when the snow gets to melting
+off fast in the Spring and the warm surface-earth begins to moisten and
+soften, the disastrous land-slides commence. The reader cannot know what
+a land-slide is, unless he has lived in that country and seen the whole
+side of a mountain taken off some fine morning and deposited down in the
+valley, leaving a vast, treeless, unsightly scar upon the mountain's
+front to keep the circumstance fresh in his memory all the years that he
+may go on living within seventy miles of that place.
+
+General Buncombe was shipped out to Nevada in the invoice of Territorial
+officers, to be United States Attorney. He considered himself a lawyer
+of parts, and he very much wanted an opportunity to manifest it--partly
+for the pure gratification of it and partly because his salary was
+Territorially meagre (which is a strong expression). Now the older
+citizens of a new territory look down upon the rest of the world with a
+calm, benevolent compassion, as long as it keeps out of the way--when it
+gets in the way they snub it. Sometimes this latter takes the shape of a
+practical joke.
+
+One morning Dick Hyde rode furiously up to General Buncombe's door in
+Carson city and rushed into his presence without stopping to tie his
+horse. He seemed much excited. He told the General that he wanted him
+to conduct a suit for him and would pay him five hundred dollars if he
+achieved a victory. And then, with violent gestures and a world of
+profanity, he poured out his grief. He said it was pretty well known
+that for some years he had been farming (or ranching as the more
+customary term is) in Washoe District, and making a successful thing of
+it, and furthermore it was known that his ranch was situated just in the
+edge of the valley, and that Tom Morgan owned a ranch immediately above
+it on the mountain side.
+
+And now the trouble was, that one of those hated and dreaded land-slides
+had come and slid Morgan's ranch, fences, cabins, cattle, barns and
+everything down on top of his ranch and exactly covered up every single
+vestige of his property, to a depth of about thirty-eight feet. Morgan
+was in possession and refused to vacate the premises--said he was
+occupying his own cabin and not interfering with anybody else's--and said
+the cabin was standing on the same dirt and same ranch it had always
+stood on, and he would like to see anybody make him vacate.
+
+"And when I reminded him," said Hyde, weeping, "that it was on top of my
+ranch and that he was trespassing, he had the infernal meanness to ask me
+why didn't I stay on my ranch and hold possession when I see him
+a-coming! Why didn't I stay on it, the blathering lunatic--by George,
+when I heard that racket and looked up that hill it was just like the
+whole world was a-ripping and a-tearing down that mountain side
+--splinters, and cord-wood, thunder and lightning, hail and snow, odds and
+ends of hay stacks, and awful clouds of dust!--trees going end over end
+in the air, rocks as big as a house jumping 'bout a thousand feet high
+and busting into ten million pieces, cattle turned inside out and
+a-coming head on with their tails hanging out between their teeth!--and
+in the midst of all that wrack and destruction sot that cussed Morgan on
+his gate-post, a-wondering why I didn't stay and hold possession! Laws
+bless me, I just took one glimpse, General, and lit out'n the county in
+three jumps exactly.
+
+"But what grinds me is that that Morgan hangs on there and won't move
+off'n that ranch--says it's his'n and he's going to keep it--likes it
+better'n he did when it was higher up the hill. Mad! Well, I've been so
+mad for two days I couldn't find my way to town--been wandering around in
+the brush in a starving condition--got anything here to drink, General?
+But I'm here now, and I'm a-going to law. You hear me!"
+
+Never in all the world, perhaps, were a man's feelings so outraged as
+were the General's. He said he had never heard of such high-handed
+conduct in all his life as this Morgan's. And he said there was no use
+in going to law--Morgan had no shadow of right to remain where he was
+--nobody in the wide world would uphold him in it, and no lawyer would take
+his case and no judge listen to it. Hyde said that right there was where
+he was mistaken--everybody in town sustained Morgan; Hal Brayton, a very
+smart lawyer, had taken his case; the courts being in vacation, it was to
+be tried before a referee, and ex-Governor Roop had already been
+appointed to that office and would open his court in a large public hall
+near the hotel at two that afternoon.
+
+The General was amazed. He said he had suspected before that the people
+of that Territory were fools, and now he knew it. But he said rest easy,
+rest easy and collect the witnesses, for the victory was just as certain
+as if the conflict were already over. Hyde wiped away his tears and
+left.
+
+At two in the afternoon referee Roop's Court opened and Roop appeared
+throned among his sheriffs, the witnesses, and spectators, and wearing
+upon his face a solemnity so awe-inspiring that some of his
+fellow-conspirators had misgivings that maybe he had not comprehended,
+after all, that this was merely a joke. An unearthly stillness
+prevailed, for at the slightest noise the judge uttered sternly the
+command:
+
+"Order in the Court!"
+
+And the sheriffs promptly echoed it. Presently the General elbowed his
+way through the crowd of spectators, with his arms full of law-books, and
+on his ears fell an order from the judge which was the first respectful
+recognition of his high official dignity that had ever saluted them, and
+it trickled pleasantly through his whole system:
+
+"Way for the United States Attorney!"
+
+The witnesses were called--legislators, high government officers,
+ranchmen, miners, Indians, Chinamen, negroes. Three fourths of them were
+called by the defendant Morgan, but no matter, their testimony invariably
+went in favor of the plaintiff Hyde. Each new witness only added new
+testimony to the absurdity of a man's claiming to own another man's
+property because his farm had slid down on top of it. Then the Morgan
+lawyers made their speeches, and seemed to make singularly weak ones
+--they did really nothing to help the Morgan cause. And now the General,
+with exultation in his face, got up and made an impassioned effort; he
+pounded the table, he banged the law-books, he shouted, and roared, and
+howled, he quoted from everything and everybody, poetry, sarcasm,
+statistics, history, pathos, bathos, blasphemy, and wound up with a grand
+war-whoop for free speech, freedom of the press, free schools, the
+Glorious Bird of America and the principles of eternal justice!
+[Applause.]
+
+When the General sat down, he did it with the conviction that if there
+was anything in good strong testimony, a great speech and believing and
+admiring countenances all around, Mr. Morgan's case was killed.
+Ex-Governor Roop leant his head upon his hand for some minutes, thinking,
+and the still audience waited for his decision. Then he got up and stood
+erect, with bended head, and thought again. Then he walked the floor
+with long, deliberate strides, his chin in his hand, and still the
+audience waited. At last he returned to his throne, seated himself, and
+began impressively:
+
+"Gentlemen, I feel the great responsibility that rests upon me this day.
+This is no ordinary case. On the contrary it is plain that it is the
+most solemn and awful that ever man was called upon to decide.
+Gentlemen, I have listened attentively to the evidence, and have
+perceived that the weight of it, the overwhelming weight of it, is in
+favor of the plaintiff Hyde. I have listened also to the remarks of
+counsel, with high interest--and especially will I commend the masterly
+and irrefutable logic of the distinguished gentleman who represents the
+plaintiff. But gentlemen, let us beware how we allow mere human
+testimony, human ingenuity in argument and human ideas of equity, to
+influence us at a moment so solemn as this. Gentlemen, it ill becomes
+us, worms as we are, to meddle with the decrees of Heaven. It is plain
+to me that Heaven, in its inscrutable wisdom, has seen fit to move this
+defendant's ranch for a purpose. We are but creatures, and we must
+submit. If Heaven has chosen to favor the defendant Morgan in this
+marked and wonderful manner; and if Heaven, dissatisfied with the
+position of the Morgan ranch upon the mountain side, has chosen to remove
+it to a position more eligible and more advantageous for its owner, it
+ill becomes us, insects as we are, to question the legality of the act or
+inquire into the reasons that prompted it. No--Heaven created the
+ranches and it is Heaven's prerogative to rearrange them, to experiment
+with them around at its pleasure. It is for us to submit, without
+repining.
+
+"I warn you that this thing which has happened is a thing with which the
+sacrilegious hands and brains and tongues of men must not meddle.
+Gentlemen, it is the verdict of this court that the plaintiff, Richard
+Hyde, has been deprived of his ranch by the visitation of God! And from
+this decision there is no appeal."
+
+Buncombe seized his cargo of law-books and plunged out of the court-room
+frantic with indignation. He pronounced Roop to be a miraculous fool, an
+inspired idiot. In all good faith he returned at night and remonstrated
+with Roop upon his extravagant decision, and implored him to walk the
+floor and think for half an hour, and see if he could not figure out some
+sort of modification of the verdict. Roop yielded at last and got up to
+walk. He walked two hours and a half, and at last his face lit up
+happily and he told Buncombe it had occurred to him that the ranch
+underneath the new Morgan ranch still belonged to Hyde, that his title to
+the ground was just as good as it had ever been, and therefore he was of
+opinion that Hyde had a right to dig it out from under there and--
+
+The General never waited to hear the end of it. He was always an
+impatient and irascible man, that way. At the end of two months the fact
+that he had been played upon with a joke had managed to bore itself, like
+another Hoosac Tunnel, through the solid adamant of his understanding.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+When we finally left for Esmeralda, horseback, we had an addition to the
+company in the person of Capt. John Nye, the Governor's brother. He had
+a good memory, and a tongue hung in the middle. This is a combination
+which gives immortality to conversation. Capt. John never suffered the
+talk to flag or falter once during the hundred and twenty miles of the
+journey. In addition to his conversational powers, he had one or two
+other endowments of a marked character. One was a singular "handiness"
+about doing anything and everything, from laying out a railroad or
+organizing a political party, down to sewing on buttons, shoeing a horse,
+or setting a broken leg, or a hen. Another was a spirit of accommodation
+that prompted him to take the needs, difficulties and perplexities of
+anybody and everybody upon his own shoulders at any and all times, and
+dispose of them with admirable facility and alacrity--hence he always
+managed to find vacant beds in crowded inns, and plenty to eat in the
+emptiest larders. And finally, wherever he met a man, woman or child, in
+camp, inn or desert, he either knew such parties personally or had been
+acquainted with a relative of the same. Such another traveling comrade
+was never seen before. I cannot forbear giving a specimen of the way in
+which he overcame difficulties. On the second day out, we arrived, very
+tired and hungry, at a poor little inn in the desert, and were told that
+the house was full, no provisions on hand, and neither hay nor barley to
+spare for the horses--must move on. The rest of us wanted to hurry on
+while it was yet light, but Capt. John insisted on stopping awhile.
+We dismounted and entered. There was no welcome for us on any face.
+Capt. John began his blandishments, and within twenty minutes he had
+accomplished the following things, viz.: found old acquaintances in three
+teamsters; discovered that he used to go to school with the landlord's
+mother; recognized his wife as a lady whose life he had saved once in
+California, by stopping her runaway horse; mended a child's broken toy
+and won the favor of its mother, a guest of the inn; helped the hostler
+bleed a horse, and prescribed for another horse that had the "heaves";
+treated the entire party three times at the landlord's bar; produced a
+later paper than anybody had seen for a week and sat himself down to read
+the news to a deeply interested audience. The result, summed up, was as
+follows: The hostler found plenty of feed for our horses; we had a trout
+supper, an exceedingly sociable time after it, good beds to sleep in, and
+a surprising breakfast in the morning--and when we left, we left lamented
+by all! Capt. John had some bad traits, but he had some uncommonly
+valuable ones to offset them with.
+
+Esmeralda was in many respects another Humboldt, but in a little more
+forward state. The claims we had been paying assessments on were
+entirely worthless, and we threw them away. The principal one cropped
+out of the top of a knoll that was fourteen feet high, and the inspired
+Board of Directors were running a tunnel under that knoll to strike the
+ledge. The tunnel would have to be seventy feet long, and would then
+strike the ledge at the same dept that a shaft twelve feet deep would
+have reached! The Board were living on the "assessments." [N.B.--This
+hint comes too late for the enlightenment of New York silver miners; they
+have already learned all about this neat trick by experience.] The Board
+had no desire to strike the ledge, knowing that it was as barren of
+silver as a curbstone. This reminiscence calls to mind Jim Townsend's
+tunnel. He had paid assessments on a mine called the "Daley" till he was
+well-nigh penniless. Finally an assessment was levied to run a tunnel
+two hundred and fifty feet on the Daley, and Townsend went up on the hill
+to look into matters.
+
+He found the Daley cropping out of the apex of an exceedingly
+sharp-pointed peak, and a couple of men up there "facing" the proposed
+tunnel. Townsend made a calculation. Then he said to the men:
+
+"So you have taken a contract to run a tunnel into this hill two hundred
+and fifty feet to strike this ledge?"
+
+"Yes, sir."
+
+"Well, do you know that you have got one of the most expensive and
+arduous undertakings before you that was ever conceived by man?"
+
+"Why no--how is that?"
+
+"Because this hill is only twenty-five feet through from side to side;
+and so you have got to build two hundred and twenty-five feet of your
+tunnel on trestle-work!"
+
+The ways of silver mining Boards are exceedingly dark and sinuous.
+
+We took up various claims, and commenced shafts and tunnels on them, but
+never finished any of them. We had to do a certain amount of work on
+each to "hold" it, else other parties could seize our property after the
+expiration of ten days. We were always hunting up new claims and doing a
+little work on them and then waiting for a buyer--who never came. We
+never found any ore that would yield more than fifty dollars a ton; and
+as the mills charged fifty dollars a ton for working ore and extracting
+the silver, our pocket-money melted steadily away and none returned to
+take its place. We lived in a little cabin and cooked for ourselves; and
+altogether it was a hard life, though a hopeful one--for we never ceased
+to expect fortune and a customer to burst upon us some day.
+
+At last, when flour reached a dollar a pound, and money could not be
+borrowed on the best security at less than eight per cent a month (I
+being without the security, too), I abandoned mining and went to milling.
+That is to say, I went to work as a common laborer in a quartz mill, at
+ten dollars a week and board.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+I had already learned how hard and long and dismal a task it is to burrow
+down into the bowels of the earth and get out the coveted ore; and now I
+learned that the burrowing was only half the work; and that to get the
+silver out of the ore was the dreary and laborious other half of it.
+We had to turn out at six in the morning and keep at it till dark.
+This mill was a six-stamp affair, driven by steam. Six tall, upright
+rods of iron, as large as a man's ankle, and heavily shod with a mass of
+iron and steel at their lower ends, were framed together like a gate, and
+these rose and fell, one after the other, in a ponderous dance, in an
+iron box called a "battery." Each of these rods or stamps weighed six
+hundred pounds. One of us stood by the battery all day long, breaking up
+masses of silver-bearing rock with a sledge and shoveling it into the
+battery. The ceaseless dance of the stamps pulverized the rock to
+powder, and a stream of water that trickled into the battery turned it to
+a creamy paste. The minutest particles were driven through a fine wire
+screen which fitted close around the battery, and were washed into great
+tubs warmed by super-heated steam--amalgamating pans, they are called.
+The mass of pulp in the pans was kept constantly stirred up by revolving
+"mullers." A quantity of quicksilver was kept always in the battery, and
+this seized some of the liberated gold and silver particles and held on
+to them; quicksilver was shaken in a fine shower into the pans, also,
+about every half hour, through a buckskin sack. Quantities of coarse
+salt and sulphate of copper were added, from time to time to assist the
+amalgamation by destroying base metals which coated the gold and silver
+and would not let it unite with the quicksilver.
+
+All these tiresome things we had to attend to constantly. Streams of
+dirty water flowed always from the pans and were carried off in broad
+wooden troughs to the ravine. One would not suppose that atoms of gold
+and silver would float on top of six inches of water, but they did; and
+in order to catch them, coarse blankets were laid in the troughs, and
+little obstructing "riffles" charged with quicksilver were placed here
+and there across the troughs also. These riffles had to be cleaned and
+the blankets washed out every evening, to get their precious
+accumulations--and after all this eternity of trouble one third of the
+silver and gold in a ton of rock would find its way to the end of the
+troughs in the ravine at last and have to be worked over again some day.
+There is nothing so aggravating as silver milling. There never was any
+idle time in that mill. There was always something to do. It is a pity
+that Adam could not have gone straight out of Eden into a quartz mill, in
+order to understand the full force of his doom to "earn his bread by the
+sweat of his brow." Every now and then, during the day, we had to scoop
+some pulp out of the pans, and tediously "wash" it in a horn spoon--wash
+it little by little over the edge till at last nothing was left but some
+little dull globules of quicksilver in the bottom. If they were soft and
+yielding, the pan needed some salt or some sulphate of copper or some
+other chemical rubbish to assist digestion; if they were crisp to the
+touch and would retain a dint, they were freighted with all the silver
+and gold they could seize and hold, and consequently the pan needed a
+fresh charge of quicksilver. When there was nothing else to do, one
+could always "screen tailings." That is to say, he could shovel up the
+dried sand that had washed down to the ravine through the troughs and
+dash it against an upright wire screen to free it from pebbles and
+prepare it for working over.
+
+The process of amalgamation differed in the various mills, and this
+included changes in style of pans and other machinery, and a great
+diversity of opinion existed as to the best in use, but none of the
+methods employed, involved the principle of milling ore without
+"screening the tailings." Of all recreations in the world, screening
+tailings on a hot day, with a long-handled shovel, is the most
+undesirable.
+
+At the end of the week the machinery was stopped and we "cleaned up."
+That is to say, we got the pulp out of the pans and batteries, and washed
+the mud patiently away till nothing was left but the long accumulating
+mass of quicksilver, with its imprisoned treasures. This we made into
+heavy, compact snow-balls, and piled them up in a bright, luxurious heap
+for inspection. Making these snow-balls cost me a fine gold ring--that
+and ignorance together; for the quicksilver invaded the ring with the
+same facility with which water saturates a sponge--separated its
+particles and the ring crumbled to pieces.
+
+We put our pile of quicksilver balls into an iron retort that had a pipe
+leading from it to a pail of water, and then applied a roasting heat.
+The quicksilver turned to vapor, escaped through the pipe into the pail,
+and the water turned it into good wholesome quicksilver again.
+Quicksilver is very costly, and they never waste it. On opening the
+retort, there was our week's work--a lump of pure white, frosty looking
+silver, twice as large as a man's head. Perhaps a fifth of the mass was
+gold, but the color of it did not show--would not have shown if two
+thirds of it had been gold. We melted it up and made a solid brick of it
+by pouring it into an iron brick-mould.
+
+By such a tedious and laborious process were silver bricks obtained.
+This mill was but one of many others in operation at the time. The first
+one in Nevada was built at Egan Canyon and was a small insignificant
+affair and compared most unfavorably with some of the immense
+establishments afterwards located at Virginia City and elsewhere.
+
+From our bricks a little corner was chipped off for the "fire-assay"--a
+method used to determine the proportions of gold, silver and base metals
+in the mass. This is an interesting process. The chip is hammered out
+as thin as paper and weighed on scales so fine and sensitive that if you
+weigh a two-inch scrap of paper on them and then write your name on the
+paper with a course, soft pencil and weigh it again, the scales will take
+marked notice of the addition.
+
+Then a little lead (also weighed) is rolled up with the flake of silver
+and the two are melted at a great heat in a small vessel called a cupel,
+made by compressing bone ashes into a cup-shape in a steel mold. The
+base metals oxydize and are absorbed with the lead into the pores of the
+cupel. A button or globule of perfectly pure gold and silver is left
+behind, and by weighing it and noting the loss, the assayer knows the
+proportion of base metal the brick contains. He has to separate the gold
+from the silver now. The button is hammered out flat and thin, put in
+the furnace and kept some time at a red heat; after cooling it off it is
+rolled up like a quill and heated in a glass vessel containing nitric
+acid; the acid dissolves the silver and leaves the gold pure and ready to
+be weighed on its own merits. Then salt water is poured into the vessel
+containing the dissolved silver and the silver returns to palpable form
+again and sinks to the bottom. Nothing now remains but to weigh it; then
+the proportions of the several metals contained in the brick are known,
+and the assayer stamps the value of the brick upon its surface.
+
+The sagacious reader will know now, without being told, that the
+speculative miner, in getting a "fire-assay" made of a piece of rock from
+his mine (to help him sell the same), was not in the habit of picking out
+the least valuable fragment of rock on his dump-pile, but quite the
+contrary. I have seen men hunt over a pile of nearly worthless quartz
+for an hour, and at last find a little piece as large as a filbert, which
+was rich in gold and silver--and this was reserved for a fire-assay! Of
+course the fire-assay would demonstrate that a ton of such rock would
+yield hundreds of dollars--and on such assays many an utterly worthless
+mine was sold.
+
+Assaying was a good business, and so some men engaged in it,
+occasionally, who were not strictly scientific and capable. One assayer
+got such rich results out of all specimens brought to him that in time he
+acquired almost a monopoly of the business. But like all men who achieve
+success, he became an object of envy and suspicion. The other assayers
+entered into a conspiracy against him, and let some prominent citizens
+into the secret in order to show that they meant fairly. Then they broke
+a little fragment off a carpenter's grindstone and got a stranger to take
+it to the popular scientist and get it assayed. In the course of an hour
+the result came--whereby it appeared that a ton of that rock would yield
+$1,184.40 in silver and $366.36 in gold!
+
+Due publication of the whole matter was made in the paper, and the
+popular assayer left town "between two days."
+
+I will remark, in passing, that I only remained in the milling business
+one week. I told my employer I could not stay longer without an advance
+in my wages; that I liked quartz milling, indeed was infatuated with it;
+that I had never before grown so tenderly attached to an occupation in so
+short a time; that nothing, it seemed to me, gave such scope to
+intellectual activity as feeding a battery and screening tailings, and
+nothing so stimulated the moral attributes as retorting bullion and
+washing blankets--still, I felt constrained to ask an increase of salary.
+He said he was paying me ten dollars a week, and thought it a good round
+sum. How much did I want?
+
+I said about four hundred thousand dollars a month, and board, was about
+all I could reasonably ask, considering the hard times.
+
+I was ordered off the premises! And yet, when I look back to those days
+and call to mind the exceeding hardness of the labor I performed in that
+mill, I only regret that I did not ask him seven hundred thousand.
+
+Shortly after this I began to grow crazy, along with the rest of the
+population, about the mysterious and wonderful "cement mine," and to make
+preparations to take advantage of any opportunity that might offer to go
+and help hunt for it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+It was somewhere in the neighborhood of Mono Lake that the marvellous
+Whiteman cement mine was supposed to lie. Every now and then it would be
+reported that Mr. W. had passed stealthily through Esmeralda at dead of
+night, in disguise, and then we would have a wild excitement--because he
+must be steering for his secret mine, and now was the time to follow him.
+In less than three hours after daylight all the horses and mules and
+donkeys in the vicinity would be bought, hired or stolen, and half the
+community would be off for the mountains, following in the wake of
+Whiteman. But W. would drift about through the mountain gorges for days
+together, in a purposeless sort of way, until the provisions of the
+miners ran out, and they would have to go back home. I have known it
+reported at eleven at night, in a large mining camp, that Whiteman had
+just passed through, and in two hours the streets, so quiet before, would
+be swarming with men and animals. Every individual would be trying to be
+very secret, but yet venturing to whisper to just one neighbor that W.
+had passed through. And long before daylight--this in the dead of
+Winter--the stampede would be complete, the camp deserted, and the whole
+population gone chasing after W.
+
+The tradition was that in the early immigration, more than twenty years
+ago, three young Germans, brothers, who had survived an Indian massacre
+on the Plains, wandered on foot through the deserts, avoiding all trails
+and roads, and simply holding a westerly direction and hoping to find
+California before they starved, or died of fatigue. And in a gorge in
+the mountains they sat down to rest one day, when one of them noticed a
+curious vein of cement running along the ground, shot full of lumps of
+dull yellow metal. They saw that it was gold, and that here was a
+fortune to be acquired in a single day. The vein was about as wide as a
+curbstone, and fully two thirds of it was pure gold. Every pound of the
+wonderful cement was worth well-nigh $200.
+
+Each of the brothers loaded himself with about twenty-five pounds of it,
+and then they covered up all traces of the vein, made a rude drawing of
+the locality and the principal landmarks in the vicinity, and started
+westward again. But troubles thickened about them. In their wanderings
+one brother fell and broke his leg, and the others were obliged to go on
+and leave him to die in the wilderness. Another, worn out and starving,
+gave up by and by, and laid down to die, but after two or three weeks of
+incredible hardships, the third reached the settlements of California
+exhausted, sick, and his mind deranged by his sufferings. He had thrown
+away all his cement but a few fragments, but these were sufficient to set
+everybody wild with excitement. However, he had had enough of the cement
+country, and nothing could induce him to lead a party thither. He was
+entirely content to work on a farm for wages. But he gave Whiteman his
+map, and described the cement region as well as he could and thus
+transferred the curse to that gentleman--for when I had my one accidental
+glimpse of Mr. W. in Esmeralda he had been hunting for the lost mine, in
+hunger and thirst, poverty and sickness, for twelve or thirteen years.
+Some people believed he had found it, but most people believed he had
+not. I saw a piece of cement as large as my fist which was said to have
+been given to Whiteman by the young German, and it was of a seductive
+nature. Lumps of virgin gold were as thick in it as raisins in a slice
+of fruit cake. The privilege of working such a mine one week would be
+sufficient for a man of reasonable desires.
+
+A new partner of ours, a Mr. Higbie, knew Whiteman well by sight, and a
+friend of ours, a Mr. Van Dorn, was well acquainted with him, and not
+only that, but had Whiteman's promise that he should have a private hint
+in time to enable him to join the next cement expedition. Van Dorn had
+promised to extend the hint to us. One evening Higbie came in greatly
+excited, and said he felt certain he had recognized Whiteman, up town,
+disguised and in a pretended state of intoxication. In a little while
+Van Dorn arrived and confirmed the news; and so we gathered in our cabin
+and with heads close together arranged our plans in impressive whispers.
+
+We were to leave town quietly, after midnight, in two or three small
+parties, so as not to attract attention, and meet at dawn on the "divide"
+overlooking Mono Lake, eight or nine miles distant. We were to make no
+noise after starting, and not speak above a whisper under any
+circumstances. It was believed that for once Whiteman's presence was
+unknown in the town and his expedition unsuspected. Our conclave broke
+up at nine o'clock, and we set about our preparation diligently and with
+profound secrecy. At eleven o'clock we saddled our horses, hitched them
+with their long riatas (or lassos), and then brought out a side of bacon,
+a sack of beans, a small sack of coffee, some sugar, a hundred pounds of
+flour in sacks, some tin cups and a coffee pot, frying pan and some few
+other necessary articles. All these things were "packed" on the back of
+a led horse--and whoever has not been taught, by a Spanish adept, to pack
+an animal, let him never hope to do the thing by natural smartness. That
+is impossible. Higbie had had some experience, but was not perfect. He
+put on the pack saddle (a thing like a saw-buck), piled the property on
+it and then wound a rope all over and about it and under it, "every which
+way," taking a hitch in it every now and then, and occasionally surging
+back on it till the horse's sides sunk in and he gasped for breath--but
+every time the lashings grew tight in one place they loosened in another.
+We never did get the load tight all over, but we got it so that it would
+do, after a fashion, and then we started, in single file, close order,
+and without a word. It was a dark night. We kept the middle of the
+road, and proceeded in a slow walk past the rows of cabins, and whenever
+a miner came to his door I trembled for fear the light would shine on us
+an excite curiosity. But nothing happened. We began the long winding
+ascent of the canyon, toward the "divide," and presently the cabins began
+to grow infrequent, and the intervals between them wider and wider, and
+then I began to breathe tolerably freely and feel less like a thief and a
+murderer. I was in the rear, leading the pack horse. As the ascent grew
+steeper he grew proportionately less satisfied with his cargo, and began
+to pull back on his riata occasionally and delay progress. My comrades
+were passing out of sight in the gloom. I was getting anxious. I coaxed
+and bullied the pack horse till I presently got him into a trot, and then
+the tin cups and pans strung about his person frightened him and he ran.
+His riata was wound around the pummel of my saddle, and so, as he went by
+he dragged me from my horse and the two animals traveled briskly on
+without me. But I was not alone--the loosened cargo tumbled overboard
+from the pack horse and fell close to me. It was abreast of almost the
+last cabin.
+
+A miner came out and said:
+
+"Hello!"
+
+I was thirty steps from him, and knew he could not see me, it was so very
+dark in the shadow of the mountain. So I lay still. Another head
+appeared in the light of the cabin door, and presently the two men walked
+toward me. They stopped within ten steps of me, and one said:
+
+"Sh! Listen."
+
+I could not have been in a more distressed state if I had been escaping
+justice with a price on my head. Then the miners appeared to sit down on
+a boulder, though I could not see them distinctly enough to be very sure
+what they did. One said:
+
+"I heard a noise, as plain as I ever heard anything. It seemed to be
+about there--"
+
+A stone whizzed by my head. I flattened myself out in the dust like a
+postage stamp, and thought to myself if he mended his aim ever so little
+he would probably hear another noise. In my heart, now, I execrated
+secret expeditions. I promised myself that this should be my last,
+though the Sierras were ribbed with cement veins. Then one of the men
+said:
+
+"I'll tell you what! Welch knew what he was talking about when he said
+he saw Whiteman to-day. I heard horses--that was the noise. I am going
+down to Welch's, right away."
+
+They left and I was glad. I did not care whither they went, so they
+went. I was willing they should visit Welch, and the sooner the better.
+
+As soon as they closed their cabin door my comrades emerged from the
+gloom; they had caught the horses and were waiting for a clear coast
+again. We remounted the cargo on the pack horse and got under way, and
+as day broke we reached the "divide" and joined Van Dorn. Then we
+journeyed down into the valley of the Lake, and feeling secure, we halted
+to cook breakfast, for we were tired and sleepy and hungry. Three hours
+later the rest of the population filed over the "divide" in a long
+procession, and drifted off out of sight around the borders of the Lake!
+
+Whether or not my accident had produced this result we never knew, but at
+least one thing was certain--the secret was out and Whiteman would not
+enter upon a search for the cement mine this time. We were filled with
+chagrin.
+
+We held a council and decided to make the best of our misfortune and
+enjoy a week's holiday on the borders of the curious Lake. Mono, it is
+sometimes called, and sometimes the "Dead Sea of California." It is one
+of the strangest freaks of Nature to be found in any land, but it is
+hardly ever mentioned in print and very seldom visited, because it lies
+away off the usual routes of travel and besides is so difficult to get at
+that only men content to endure the roughest life will consent to take
+upon themselves the discomforts of such a trip. On the morning of our
+second day, we traveled around to a remote and particularly wild spot on
+the borders of the Lake, where a stream of fresh, ice-cold water entered
+it from the mountain side, and then we went regularly into camp. We
+hired a large boat and two shot-guns from a lonely ranchman who lived
+some ten miles further on, and made ready for comfort and recreation.
+We soon got thoroughly acquainted with the Lake and all its
+peculiarities.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+Mono Lake lies in a lifeless, treeless, hideous desert, eight thousand
+feet above the level of the sea, and is guarded by mountains two thousand
+feet higher, whose summits are always clothed in clouds. This solemn,
+silent, sail-less sea--this lonely tenant of the loneliest spot on earth
+--is little graced with the picturesque. It is an unpretending expanse
+of grayish water, about a hundred miles in circumference, with two
+islands in its centre, mere upheavals of rent and scorched and blistered
+lava, snowed over with gray banks and drifts of pumice-stone and ashes,
+the winding sheet of the dead volcano, whose vast crater the lake has
+seized upon and occupied.
+
+The lake is two hundred feet deep, and its sluggish waters are so strong
+with alkali that if you only dip the most hopelessly soiled garment into
+them once or twice, and wring it out, it will be found as clean as if it
+had been through the ablest of washerwomen's hands. While we camped
+there our laundry work was easy. We tied the week's washing astern of
+our boat, and sailed a quarter of a mile, and the job was complete, all
+to the wringing out. If we threw the water on our heads and gave them a
+rub or so, the white lather would pile up three inches high. This water
+is not good for bruised places and abrasions of the skin. We had a
+valuable dog. He had raw places on him. He had more raw places on him
+than sound ones. He was the rawest dog I almost ever saw. He jumped
+overboard one day to get away from the flies. But it was bad judgment.
+In his condition, it would have been just as comfortable to jump into the
+fire.
+
+The alkali water nipped him in all the raw places simultaneously, and he
+struck out for the shore with considerable interest. He yelped and
+barked and howled as he went--and by the time he got to the shore there
+was no bark to him--for he had barked the bark all out of his inside, and
+the alkali water had cleaned the bark all off his outside, and he
+probably wished he had never embarked in any such enterprise. He ran
+round and round in a circle, and pawed the earth and clawed the air, and
+threw double somersaults, sometimes backward and sometimes forward, in
+the most extraordinary manner. He was not a demonstrative dog, as a
+general thing, but rather of a grave and serious turn of mind, and I
+never saw him take so much interest in anything before. He finally
+struck out over the mountains, at a gait which we estimated at about two
+hundred and fifty miles an hour, and he is going yet. This was about
+nine years ago. We look for what is left of him along here every day.
+
+A white man cannot drink the water of Mono Lake, for it is nearly pure
+lye. It is said that the Indians in the vicinity drink it sometimes,
+though. It is not improbable, for they are among the purest liars I ever
+saw. [There will be no additional charge for this joke, except to
+parties requiring an explanation of it. This joke has received high
+commendation from some of the ablest minds of the age.]
+
+There are no fish in Mono Lake--no frogs, no snakes, no polliwigs
+--nothing, in fact, that goes to make life desirable. Millions of wild
+ducks and sea-gulls swim about the surface, but no living thing exists
+under the surface, except a white feathery sort of worm, one half an inch
+long, which looks like a bit of white thread frayed out at the sides. If
+you dip up a gallon of water, you will get about fifteen thousand of
+these. They give to the water a sort of grayish-white appearance. Then
+there is a fly, which looks something like our house fly. These settle
+on the beach to eat the worms that wash ashore--and any time, you can see
+there a belt of flies an inch deep and six feet wide, and this belt
+extends clear around the lake--a belt of flies one hundred miles long.
+If you throw a stone among them, they swarm up so thick that they look
+dense, like a cloud. You can hold them under water as long as you
+please--they do not mind it--they are only proud of it. When you let
+them go, they pop up to the surface as dry as a patent office report, and
+walk off as unconcernedly as if they had been educated especially with a
+view to affording instructive entertainment to man in that particular
+way. Providence leaves nothing to go by chance. All things have their
+uses and their part and proper place in Nature's economy: the ducks eat
+the flies--the flies eat the worms--the Indians eat all three--the wild
+cats eat the Indians--the white folks eat the wild cats--and thus all
+things are lovely.
+
+Mono Lake is a hundred miles in a straight line from the ocean--and
+between it and the ocean are one or two ranges of mountains--yet
+thousands of sea-gulls go there every season to lay their eggs and rear
+their young. One would as soon expect to find sea-gulls in Kansas.
+And in this connection let us observe another instance of Nature's
+wisdom. The islands in the lake being merely huge masses of lava, coated
+over with ashes and pumice-stone, and utterly innocent of vegetation or
+anything that would burn; and sea-gull's eggs being entirely useless to
+anybody unless they be cooked, Nature has provided an unfailing spring of
+boiling water on the largest island, and you can put your eggs in there,
+and in four minutes you can boil them as hard as any statement I have
+made during the past fifteen years. Within ten feet of the boiling
+spring is a spring of pure cold water, sweet and wholesome.
+
+So, in that island you get your board and washing free of charge--and if
+nature had gone further and furnished a nice American hotel clerk who was
+crusty and disobliging, and didn't know anything about the time tables,
+or the railroad routes--or--anything--and was proud of it--I would not
+wish for a more desirable boarding-house.
+
+Half a dozen little mountain brooks flow into Mono Lake, but not a stream
+of any kind flows out of it. It neither rises nor falls, apparently, and
+what it does with its surplus water is a dark and bloody mystery.
+
+There are only two seasons in the region round about Mono Lake--and these
+are, the breaking up of one Winter and the beginning of the next. More
+than once (in Esmeralda) I have seen a perfectly blistering morning open
+up with the thermometer at ninety degrees at eight o'clock, and seen the
+snow fall fourteen inches deep and that same identical thermometer go
+down to forty-four degrees under shelter, before nine o'clock at night.
+Under favorable circumstances it snows at least once in every single
+month in the year, in the little town of Mono. So uncertain is the
+climate in Summer that a lady who goes out visiting cannot hope to be
+prepared for all emergencies unless she takes her fan under one arm and
+her snow shoes under the other. When they have a Fourth of July
+procession it generally snows on them, and they do say that as a general
+thing when a man calls for a brandy toddy there, the bar keeper chops it
+off with a hatchet and wraps it up in a paper, like maple sugar. And it
+is further reported that the old soakers haven't any teeth--wore them out
+eating gin cocktails and brandy punches. I do not endorse that
+statement--I simply give it for what it is worth--and it is worth--well,
+I should say, millions, to any man who can believe it without straining
+himself. But I do endorse the snow on the Fourth of July--because I know
+that to be true.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+About seven o'clock one blistering hot morning--for it was now dead
+summer time--Higbie and I took the boat and started on a voyage of
+discovery to the two islands. We had often longed to do this, but had
+been deterred by the fear of storms; for they were frequent, and severe
+enough to capsize an ordinary row-boat like ours without great
+difficulty--and once capsized, death would ensue in spite of the bravest
+swimming, for that venomous water would eat a man's eyes out like fire,
+and burn him out inside, too, if he shipped a sea. It was called twelve
+miles, straight out to the islands--a long pull and a warm one--but the
+morning was so quiet and sunny, and the lake so smooth and glassy and
+dead, that we could not resist the temptation. So we filled two large
+tin canteens with water (since we were not acquainted with the locality
+of the spring said to exist on the large island), and started. Higbie's
+brawny muscles gave the boat good speed, but by the time we reached our
+destination we judged that we had pulled nearer fifteen miles than
+twelve.
+
+We landed on the big island and went ashore. We tried the water in the
+canteens, now, and found that the sun had spoiled it; it was so brackish
+that we could not drink it; so we poured it out and began a search for
+the spring--for thirst augments fast as soon as it is apparent that one
+has no means at hand of quenching it. The island was a long, moderately
+high hill of ashes--nothing but gray ashes and pumice-stone, in which we
+sunk to our knees at every step--and all around the top was a forbidding
+wall of scorched and blasted rocks. When we reached the top and got
+within the wall, we found simply a shallow, far-reaching basin, carpeted
+with ashes, and here and there a patch of fine sand. In places,
+picturesque jets of steam shot up out of crevices, giving evidence that
+although this ancient crater had gone out of active business, there was
+still some fire left in its furnaces. Close to one of these jets of
+steam stood the only tree on the island--a small pine of most graceful
+shape and most faultless symmetry; its color was a brilliant green, for
+the steam drifted unceasingly through its branches and kept them always
+moist. It contrasted strangely enough, did this vigorous and beautiful
+outcast, with its dead and dismal surroundings. It was like a cheerful
+spirit in a mourning household.
+
+We hunted for the spring everywhere, traversing the full length of the
+island (two or three miles), and crossing it twice--climbing ash-hills
+patiently, and then sliding down the other side in a sitting posture,
+plowing up smothering volumes of gray dust. But we found nothing but
+solitude, ashes and a heart-breaking silence. Finally we noticed that
+the wind had risen, and we forgot our thirst in a solicitude of greater
+importance; for, the lake being quiet, we had not taken pains about
+securing the boat. We hurried back to a point overlooking our landing
+place, and then--but mere words cannot describe our dismay--the boat was
+gone! The chances were that there was not another boat on the entire
+lake. The situation was not comfortable--in truth, to speak plainly, it
+was frightful. We were prisoners on a desolate island, in aggravating
+proximity to friends who were for the present helpless to aid us; and
+what was still more uncomfortable was the reflection that we had neither
+food nor water. But presently we sighted the boat. It was drifting
+along, leisurely, about fifty yards from shore, tossing in a foamy sea.
+It drifted, and continued to drift, but at the same safe distance from
+land, and we walked along abreast it and waited for fortune to favor us.
+At the end of an hour it approached a jutting cape, and Higbie ran ahead
+and posted himself on the utmost verge and prepared for the assault. If
+we failed there, there was no hope for us. It was driving gradually
+shoreward all the time, now; but whether it was driving fast enough to
+make the connection or not was the momentous question. When it got
+within thirty steps of Higbie I was so excited that I fancied I could
+hear my own heart beat. When, a little later, it dragged slowly along
+and seemed about to go by, only one little yard out of reach, it seemed
+as if my heart stood still; and when it was exactly abreast him and began
+to widen away, and he still standing like a watching statue, I knew my
+heart did stop. But when he gave a great spring, the next instant, and
+lit fairly in the stern, I discharged a war-whoop that woke the
+solitudes!
+
+But it dulled my enthusiasm, presently, when he told me he had not been
+caring whether the boat came within jumping distance or not, so that it
+passed within eight or ten yards of him, for he had made up his mind to
+shut his eyes and mouth and swim that trifling distance. Imbecile that I
+was, I had not thought of that. It was only a long swim that could be
+fatal.
+
+The sea was running high and the storm increasing. It was growing late,
+too--three or four in the afternoon. Whether to venture toward the
+mainland or not, was a question of some moment. But we were so
+distressed by thirst that we decide to try it, and so Higbie fell to work
+and I took the steering-oar. When we had pulled a mile, laboriously,
+we were evidently in serious peril, for the storm had greatly augmented;
+the billows ran very high and were capped with foaming crests,
+the heavens were hung with black, and the wind blew with great fury.
+We would have gone back, now, but we did not dare to turn the boat
+around, because as soon as she got in the trough of the sea she would
+upset, of course. Our only hope lay in keeping her head-on to the seas.
+It was hard work to do this, she plunged so, and so beat and belabored
+the billows with her rising and falling bows. Now and then one of
+Higbie's oars would trip on the top of a wave, and the other one would
+snatch the boat half around in spite of my cumbersome steering apparatus.
+We were drenched by the sprays constantly, and the boat occasionally
+shipped water. By and by, powerful as my comrade was, his great
+exertions began to tell on him, and he was anxious that I should change
+places with him till he could rest a little. But I told him this was
+impossible; for if the steering oar were dropped a moment while we
+changed, the boat would slue around into the trough of the sea, capsize,
+and in less than five minutes we would have a hundred gallons of
+soap-suds in us and be eaten up so quickly that we could not even be
+present at our own inquest.
+
+But things cannot last always. Just as the darkness shut down we came
+booming into port, head on. Higbie dropped his oars to hurrah--I dropped
+mine to help--the sea gave the boat a twist, and over she went!
+
+The agony that alkali water inflicts on bruises, chafes and blistered
+hands, is unspeakable, and nothing but greasing all over will modify it
+--but we ate, drank and slept well, that night, notwithstanding.
+
+In speaking of the peculiarities of Mono Lake, I ought to have mentioned
+that at intervals all around its shores stand picturesque turret-looking
+masses and clusters of a whitish, coarse-grained rock that resembles
+inferior mortar dried hard; and if one breaks off fragments of this rock
+he will find perfectly shaped and thoroughly petrified gulls' eggs deeply
+imbedded in the mass. How did they get there? I simply state the fact
+--for it is a fact--and leave the geological reader to crack the nut at his
+leisure and solve the problem after his own fashion.
+
+At the end of a week we adjourned to the Sierras on a fishing excursion,
+and spent several days in camp under snowy Castle Peak, and fished
+successfully for trout in a bright, miniature lake whose surface was
+between ten and eleven thousand feet above the level of the sea; cooling
+ourselves during the hot August noons by sitting on snow banks ten feet
+deep, under whose sheltering edges fine grass and dainty flowers
+flourished luxuriously; and at night entertaining ourselves by almost
+freezing to death. Then we returned to Mono Lake, and finding that the
+cement excitement was over for the present, packed up and went back to
+Esmeralda. Mr. Ballou reconnoitred awhile, and not liking the prospect,
+set out alone for Humboldt.
+
+About this time occurred a little incident which has always had a sort of
+interest to me, from the fact that it came so near "instigating" my
+funeral. At a time when an Indian attack had been expected, the citizens
+hid their gunpowder where it would be safe and yet convenient to hand
+when wanted. A neighbor of ours hid six cans of rifle powder in the
+bake-oven of an old discarded cooking stove which stood on the open
+ground near a frame out-house or shed, and from and after that day never
+thought of it again. We hired a half-tamed Indian to do some washing for
+us, and he took up quarters under the shed with his tub. The ancient
+stove reposed within six feet of him, and before his face. Finally it
+occurred to him that hot water would be better than cold, and he went out
+and fired up under that forgotten powder magazine and set on a kettle of
+water. Then he returned to his tub.
+
+I entered the shed presently and threw down some more clothes, and was
+about to speak to him when the stove blew up with a prodigious crash, and
+disappeared, leaving not a splinter behind. Fragments of it fell in the
+streets full two hundred yards away. Nearly a third of the shed roof
+over our heads was destroyed, and one of the stove lids, after cutting a
+small stanchion half in two in front of the Indian, whizzed between us
+and drove partly through the weather-boarding beyond. I was as white as
+a sheet and as weak as a kitten and speechless. But the Indian betrayed
+no trepidation, no distress, not even discomfort. He simply stopped
+washing, leaned forward and surveyed the clean, blank ground a moment,
+and then remarked:
+
+"Mph! Dam stove heap gone!"--and resumed his scrubbing as placidly as if
+it were an entirely customary thing for a stove to do. I will explain,
+that "heap" is "Injun-English" for "very much." The reader will perceive
+the exhaustive expressiveness of it in the present instance.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+I now come to a curious episode--the most curious, I think, that had yet
+accented my slothful, valueless, heedless career. Out of a hillside
+toward the upper end of the town, projected a wall of reddish looking
+quartz-croppings, the exposed comb of a silver-bearing ledge that
+extended deep down into the earth, of course. It was owned by a company
+entitled the "Wide West." There was a shaft sixty or seventy feet deep
+on the under side of the croppings, and everybody was acquainted with the
+rock that came from it--and tolerably rich rock it was, too, but nothing
+extraordinary. I will remark here, that although to the inexperienced
+stranger all the quartz of a particular "district" looks about alike, an
+old resident of the camp can take a glance at a mixed pile of rock,
+separate the fragments and tell you which mine each came from, as easily
+as a confectioner can separate and classify the various kinds and
+qualities of candy in a mixed heap of the article.
+
+All at once the town was thrown into a state of extraordinary excitement.
+In mining parlance the Wide West had "struck it rich!" Everybody went to
+see the new developments, and for some days there was such a crowd of
+people about the Wide West shaft that a stranger would have supposed
+there was a mass meeting in session there. No other topic was discussed
+but the rich strike, and nobody thought or dreamed about anything else.
+Every man brought away a specimen, ground it up in a hand mortar, washed
+it out in his horn spoon, and glared speechless upon the marvelous
+result. It was not hard rock, but black, decomposed stuff which could be
+crumbled in the hand like a baked potato, and when spread out on a paper
+exhibited a thick sprinkling of gold and particles of "native" silver.
+Higbie brought a handful to the cabin, and when he had washed it out his
+amazement was beyond description. Wide West stock soared skywards. It
+was said that repeated offers had been made for it at a thousand dollars
+a foot, and promptly refused. We have all had the "blues"--the mere
+sky-blues--but mine were indigo, now--because I did not own in the Wide
+West. The world seemed hollow to me, and existence a grief. I lost my
+appetite, and ceased to take an interest in anything. Still I had to
+stay, and listen to other people's rejoicings, because I had no money to
+get out of the camp with.
+
+The Wide West company put a stop to the carrying away of "specimens," and
+well they might, for every handful of the ore was worth a sun of some
+consequence. To show the exceeding value of the ore, I will remark that
+a sixteen-hundred-pounds parcel of it was sold, just as it lay, at the
+mouth of the shaft, at one dollar a pound; and the man who bought it
+"packed" it on mules a hundred and fifty or two hundred miles, over the
+mountains, to San Francisco, satisfied that it would yield at a rate that
+would richly compensate him for his trouble. The Wide West people also
+commanded their foreman to refuse any but their own operatives permission
+to enter the mine at any time or for any purpose. I kept up my "blue"
+meditations and Higbie kept up a deal of thinking, too, but of a
+different sort. He puzzled over the "rock," examined it with a glass,
+inspected it in different lights and from different points of view, and
+after each experiment delivered himself, in soliloquy, of one and the
+same unvarying opinion in the same unvarying formula:
+
+"It is not Wide West rock!"
+
+He said once or twice that he meant to have a look into the Wide West
+shaft if he got shot for it. I was wretched, and did not care whether he
+got a look into it or not. He failed that day, and tried again at night;
+failed again; got up at dawn and tried, and failed again. Then he lay in
+ambush in the sage brush hour after hour, waiting for the two or three
+hands to adjourn to the shade of a boulder for dinner; made a start once,
+but was premature--one of the men came back for something; tried it
+again, but when almost at the mouth of the shaft, another of the men rose
+up from behind the boulder as if to reconnoitre, and he dropped on the
+ground and lay quiet; presently he crawled on his hands and knees to the
+mouth of the shaft, gave a quick glance around, then seized the rope and
+slid down the shaft.
+
+He disappeared in the gloom of a "side drift" just as a head appeared in
+the mouth of the shaft and somebody shouted "Hello!"--which he did not
+answer. He was not disturbed any more. An hour later he entered the
+cabin, hot, red, and ready to burst with smothered excitement, and
+exclaimed in a stage whisper:
+
+"I knew it! We are rich! IT'S A BLIND LEAD!"
+
+I thought the very earth reeled under me. Doubt--conviction--doubt
+again--exultation--hope, amazement, belief, unbelief--every emotion
+imaginable swept in wild procession through my heart and brain, and I
+could not speak a word. After a moment or two of this mental fury, I
+shook myself to rights, and said:
+
+"Say it again!"
+
+"It's blind lead!"
+
+"Cal, let's--let's burn the house--or kill somebody! Let's get out where
+there's room to hurrah! But what is the use? It is a hundred times too
+good to be true."
+
+"It's a blind lead, for a million!--hanging wall--foot wall--clay
+casings--everything complete!" He swung his hat and gave three cheers,
+and I cast doubt to the winds and chimed in with a will. For I was worth
+a million dollars, and did not care "whether school kept or not!"
+
+But perhaps I ought to explain. A "blind lead" is a lead or ledge that
+does not "crop out" above the surface. A miner does not know where to
+look for such leads, but they are often stumbled upon by accident in the
+course of driving a tunnel or sinking a shaft. Higbie knew the Wide West
+rock perfectly well, and the more he had examined the new developments
+the more he was satisfied that the ore could not have come from the Wide
+West vein. And so had it occurred to him alone, of all the camp, that
+there was a blind lead down in the shaft, and that even the Wide West
+people themselves did not suspect it. He was right. When he went down
+the shaft, he found that the blind lead held its independent way through
+the Wide West vein, cutting it diagonally, and that it was enclosed in
+its own well-defined casing-rocks and clay. Hence it was public
+property. Both leads being perfectly well defined, it was easy for any
+miner to see which one belonged to the Wide West and which did not.
+
+We thought it well to have a strong friend, and therefore we brought the
+foreman of the Wide West to our cabin that night and revealed the great
+surprise to him. Higbie said:
+
+"We are going to take possession of this blind lead, record it and
+establish ownership, and then forbid the Wide West company to take out
+any more of the rock. You cannot help your company in this matter
+--nobody can help them. I will go into the shaft with you and prove to
+your entire satisfaction that it is a blind lead. Now we propose to take
+you in with us, and claim the blind lead in our three names. What do you
+say?"
+
+What could a man say who had an opportunity to simply stretch forth his
+hand and take possession of a fortune without risk of any kind and
+without wronging any one or attaching the least taint of dishonor to his
+name? He could only say, "Agreed."
+
+The notice was put up that night, and duly spread upon the recorder's
+books before ten o'clock. We claimed two hundred feet each--six hundred
+feet in all--the smallest and compactest organization in the district,
+and the easiest to manage.
+
+No one can be so thoughtless as to suppose that we slept, that night.
+Higbie and I went to bed at midnight, but it was only to lie broad awake
+and think, dream, scheme. The floorless, tumble-down cabin was a palace,
+the ragged gray blankets silk, the furniture rosewood and mahogany.
+Each new splendor that burst out of my visions of the future whirled me
+bodily over in bed or jerked me to a sitting posture just as if an
+electric battery had been applied to me. We shot fragments of
+conversation back and forth at each other. Once Higbie said:
+
+"When are you going home--to the States?"
+
+"To-morrow!"--with an evolution or two, ending with a sitting position.
+"Well--no--but next month, at furthest."
+
+"We'll go in the same steamer."
+
+"Agreed."
+
+A pause.
+
+"Steamer of the 10th?"
+
+"Yes. No, the 1st."
+
+"All right."
+
+Another pause.
+
+"Where are you going to live?" said Higbie.
+
+"San Francisco."
+
+"That's me!"
+
+Pause.
+
+"Too high--too much climbing"--from Higbie.
+
+"What is?"
+
+"I was thinking of Russian Hill--building a house up there."
+
+"Too much climbing? Shan't you keep a carriage?"
+
+"Of course. I forgot that."
+
+Pause.
+
+"Cal., what kind of a house are you going to build?"
+
+"I was thinking about that. Three-story and an attic."
+
+"But what kind?"
+
+"Well, I don't hardly know. Brick, I suppose."
+
+"Brick--bosh."
+
+"Why? What is your idea?"
+
+"Brown stone front--French plate glass--billiard-room off the
+dining-room--statuary and paintings--shrubbery and two-acre grass plat
+--greenhouse--iron dog on the front stoop--gray horses--landau, and a
+coachman with a bug on his hat!"
+
+"By George!"
+
+A long pause.
+
+"Cal., when are you going to Europe?"
+
+"Well--I hadn't thought of that. When are you?"
+
+"In the Spring."
+
+"Going to be gone all summer?"
+
+"All summer! I shall remain there three years."
+
+"No--but are you in earnest?"
+
+"Indeed I am."
+
+"I will go along too."
+
+"Why of course you will."
+
+"What part of Europe shall you go to?"
+
+"All parts. France, England, Germany--Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Syria,
+Greece, Palestine, Arabia, Persia, Egypt--all over--everywhere."
+
+"I'm agreed."
+
+"All right."
+
+"Won't it be a swell trip!"
+
+"We'll spend forty or fifty thousand dollars trying to make it one,
+anyway."
+
+Another long pause.
+
+"Higbie, we owe the butcher six dollars, and he has been threatening to
+stop our--"
+
+"Hang the butcher!"
+
+"Amen."
+
+And so it went on. By three o'clock we found it was no use, and so we
+got up and played cribbage and smoked pipes till sunrise. It was my week
+to cook. I always hated cooking--now, I abhorred it.
+
+The news was all over town. The former excitement was great--this one
+was greater still. I walked the streets serene and happy. Higbie said
+the foreman had been offered two hundred thousand dollars for his third
+of the mine. I said I would like to see myself selling for any such
+price. My ideas were lofty. My figure was a million. Still, I honestly
+believe that if I had been offered it, it would have had no other effect
+than to make me hold off for more.
+
+I found abundant enjoyment in being rich. A man offered me a
+three-hundred-dollar horse, and wanted to take my simple, unendorsed note
+for it. That brought the most realizing sense I had yet had that I was
+actually rich, beyond shadow of doubt. It was followed by numerous other
+evidences of a similar nature--among which I may mention the fact of the
+butcher leaving us a double supply of meat and saying nothing about
+money.
+
+By the laws of the district, the "locators" or claimants of a ledge were
+obliged to do a fair and reasonable amount of work on their new property
+within ten days after the date of the location, or the property was
+forfeited, and anybody could go and seize it that chose. So we
+determined to go to work the next day. About the middle of the
+afternoon, as I was coming out of the post office, I met a Mr. Gardiner,
+who told me that Capt. John Nye was lying dangerously ill at his place
+(the "Nine-Mile Ranch"), and that he and his wife were not able to give
+him nearly as much care and attention as his case demanded. I said if he
+would wait for me a moment, I would go down and help in the sick room.
+I ran to the cabin to tell Higbie. He was not there, but I left a note
+on the table for him, and a few minutes later I left town in Gardiner's
+wagon.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Roughing It, Part 4.
+by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
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