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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Better Homes in America, by Mrs. W. B. Meloney
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Better Homes in America
+
+Author: Mrs. W. B. Meloney
+
+Posting Date: October 14, 2012 [EBook #7992]
+Release Date: April, 2005
+First Posted: June 10, 2003
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, Charles Franks, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA
+
+Plan Book
+
+_for Demonstration Week October 9 to 14, 1922_
+
+
+
+
+THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
+
+July 21, 1922.
+
+My dear Mrs. Meloney:
+
+I am directed by the President to assure you of his earnest endorsement
+of the Better Homes Campaign which has been launched by the Advisory
+Council and is being carried on by representative women of America. He
+regards the campaign as of particular importance, because it places
+emphasis not only upon home ownership, which he regards as absolutely
+elemental in the development of the best citizenship, but upon
+furnishing, sanitation and equipment of the home.
+
+The President feels that as many millions of dollars and the best minds
+of this generation have been devoted to improve factory conditions, the
+home is deserving of its share of the same intensive consideration.
+There are twenty millions of house-keepers in America. For them, the
+home is their industrial center as well as their place of abode, and it
+is felt that altogether too little attention has been paid to
+lightening the labors and bettering the working conditions of these
+women.
+
+The President feels that the women, who are so successfully conducting
+this campaign are entitled to all consideration and recognition, and he
+hopes that every community in America will exhibit a model home.
+
+Your sincerely,
+
+Secretary to the President.
+
+
+Mrs. W. B. Meloney, Sec'y., Advisory Council for Better Homes Campaign,
+223 Spring Street, New York City, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+BETTER HOMES DEMONSTRATION WEEK
+
+
+Advisory Council
+
+
+CALVIN COOLIDGE _Vice-President of the United States_
+
+HERBERT HOOVER _Secretary of Commerce_
+
+HENRY C. WALLACE _Secretary of Agriculture_
+
+JAMES JOHN DAVIS _Secretary of Labor_
+
+Dr. HUGH S. CUMMING _Surgeon-General United States Public Health
+Service_
+
+Dr. JOHN JAMES TIGERT _U. S. Commissioner of Education_
+
+C. W. PUGSLEY _Assistant Secretary of Agriculture_
+
+JOHN M. GRIES _Director Division of Building and Housing, Dept. of
+Commerce_
+
+JULIUS H. BARNES _President Chamber of Commerce of the United States_
+
+JOHN IHLDER _Director Housing Conditions, Chamber of Commerce of the
+United States_
+
+DONN BARBER _Fellow American Institute of Architects_
+
+JOHN BARTON PAYNE _Chairman Central Committee American Red Cross_
+
+LIVINGSTON FARRAND _Chairman National Health Council_
+
+Mrs. THOMAS G. WINTER _President General Federation of Women's Clubs_
+
+MRS. LENA LAKE FORREST _President National Federation of Business and
+Professional Women's Clubs_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Bureau of Information, THE DELINEATOR, 223 Spring Street
+
+
+
+
+IN AMERICA--October Ninth to Fourteenth
+
+
+Co-operating Governors
+
+
+  ALASKA SCOTT C. BONE, _Governor_
+  ARIZONA THOS. E. CAMPBELL, _Governor_
+  ARKANSAS T. C. McRAE, _Governor_
+  COLORADO O. H. SHOUP, _Governor_
+  FLORIDA CARY A. HARDEE, _Governor_
+  IDAHO D. W. DAVIS, _Governor_
+  INDIANA W. T. McCRAY, _Governor_
+  KANSAS HENRY J. ALLEN, _Governor_
+  KENTUCKY E. P. MORROW, _Governor_
+  MARYLAND A. C. RITCHIE, _Governor_
+  MASSACHUSETTS C. H. COX, _Governor_
+  MISSISSIPPI LEE M. RUSSELL, _Governor_
+  MISSOURI A. M. HYDE, _Governor_
+  NEBRASKA S. R. McKELVlE, _Governor_
+  NEVADA E. D. BOYLE, _Governor_
+  OHIO H. L. DAVIS, _Governor_
+  OREGON B. W. OLCOTT, _Governor_
+  PENNSYLVANIA W. C. SPROUL, _Governor_
+  SOUTH CAROLINA WILSON G. HARVEY, _Governor_
+  SOUTH DAKOTA W. H. McMASTER, _Governor_
+  TENNESSEE ALFRED A. TAYLOR, _Governor_
+  UTAH CHAS. R. MABEY, _Governor_
+  VERMONT JAMES HARTNESS, _Governor_
+  VIRGINIA E. L. TRINKLE, _Governor_
+  WYOMING ROBERT D. CAREY, _Governor_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+New York City Secretary, Mrs. William Brown Meloney
+
+
+
+
+_Better Homes_
+
+
+_By_ CALVIN COOLIDGE
+
+We spend too much time in longing for the things that are far off and
+too little in the enjoyment of the things that are near at hand. We
+live too much in dreams and too little in realities. We cherish too
+many impossible projects of setting worlds in order, which are bound to
+fail. We consider too little plans for putting our own households in
+order, which might easily be made to succeed. A large part of our
+seeming ills would be dispelled if we could but turn from the visionary
+to the practical. We need the influence of vision, we need the
+inspiring power of ideals, but all these are worthless unless they can
+be translated into positive actions.
+
+The world has been through a great spiritual and moral awakening in
+these last few years. There are those who fear that this may all be
+dissipated. It will be unless it can be turned into something actual.
+In our own country conditions have developed which make this more than
+ever easy of accomplishment. It ought to be expressed not merely in
+official and public deeds, but in personal and private actions. It must
+come through a realization that the great things of life are not
+reserved for the enjoyment of a few, but are within the reach of all.
+
+There are two shrines at which mankind has always worshipped, must
+always worship: the altar which represents religion, and the
+hearthstone which represents the home.
+
+These are the product of fixed beliefs and fixed modes of living. They
+have not grown up by accident; they are the means, deliberate, mature,
+sanctified, by which the human race, in harmony with its own great
+nature, is developed and perfected. They are at once the source and the
+result of the inborn longing for what is completed, for what has that
+finality and security required to give to society the necessary element
+of stability.
+
+The genius of America has long been directed to the construction of
+great highways and railroads, the erection of massive buildings for the
+promotion of trade and the transaction of public business. It has
+supplied hospitals, institutions of learning and places of religious
+worship. All of these are worthy of the great effort and the sustained
+purpose which alone has made them possible. They contribute to the
+general welfare of all the people, but they are all too detached, too
+remote; they do not make the necessary contribution of a feeling of
+proprietorship and ownership. They do not complete the circuit. They
+are for the people, but not of the people. They do not satisfy that
+longing which exists in every human breast to be able to say: "This is
+mine."
+
+We believe in American institutions. We believe that they are justified
+by the light of reason, and by the result of experience. We believe in
+the right of self-government. We believe in the protection of the
+personal rights of life and liberty and the enjoyment of the rewards of
+industry. We believe in the right to acquire, to hold, and transmit
+property. We believe in all that which is represented under the general
+designation of a republic.
+
+But while we hold that these principles are sound we do not claim that
+they have yet become fully established. We do not claim that our
+institutions are yet perfected.
+
+It is of little avail to assert that there is an inherent right to own
+property unless there is an open opportunity that this right may be
+enjoyed in a fair degree by all. That which is referred to in such
+critical terms as capitalism cannot prevail unless it is adapted to the
+general requirements. Unless it be of the people it will cease to have
+a place under our institutions, even as slavery ceased.
+
+It is time to demonstrate more effectively that property is of the
+people. It is time to transfer some of the approbation and effort that
+has gone into the building of public works to the building,
+ornamenting, and owning of private homes by the people at
+large--attractive, worthy, permanent homes.
+
+Society rests on the home. It is the foundation of our institutions.
+Around it are gathered all the cherished memories of childhood, the
+accomplishments of maturity, and the consolations of age. So long as a
+people hold the home sacred they will be in the possession of a
+strength of character which it will be impossible to destroy.
+
+Apparently the world at large, certainly our own country, is turning
+more and more for guidance to that wisdom born of affection which we
+call the intuition of woman. Her first thought is always of the home.
+Her first care is for its provision. As our laws and customs are
+improved by her influence, it is likely to be first in the direction of
+greater facility for acquiring, and greater security in holding a home.
+
+Some of the fine enthusiasm which was developed by the required
+sacrifices of war may well find a new expression in turning towards the
+making of the home. It is the final answer to every challenge of the
+soundness of the fundamental principles of our institutions. It holds
+the assurance and prospect of contentment and of satisfaction.
+
+Under present conditions any ambition of America to become a nation of
+home owners would be by no means impossible of fulfillment. The land is
+available, the materials are at hand, the necessary accumulation of
+credit exists, the courage, the endurance and the sacrifice of the
+people are not wanting. Let them begin, however slender their means,
+the building and perfecting of the national character by the building
+and adorning of a home which shall be worthy of the habitation of an
+American family, calm in the assurance that "the gods send thread for a
+web begun."
+
+Here will be found that satisfaction which comes from possession and
+achievement. Here is the opportunity to express the soul in art. Here
+is the Sacred influence, here in the earth at our feet, around the
+hearthstone, which raises man to his true estate.
+
+(Signed) Calvin Coolidge
+
+
+
+
+THE HOME AS AN INVESTMENT
+
+By HERBERT HOOVER
+
+
+One can always safely judge of the character of a nation by its homes.
+For it is mainly through the hope of enjoying the ownership of a home
+that the latent energy of any citizenry is called forth. This universal
+yearning for better homes and the larger security, independence and
+freedom that they imply, was the aspiration that carried our pioneers
+westward. Since the preemption acts passed early in the last century,
+the United States, in its land laws, has recognized and put a premium
+upon this great incentive. It has stimulated the building of rural
+homes through the wide distribution of land under the Homestead Acts
+and by the distribution of credit through the Farm Loan Banks. Indeed,
+this desire for home ownership has, without question, stimulated more
+people to purposeful saving than any other factor. Saving, in the
+abstract, is, of course, a perfunctory process as compared with
+purposeful saving for a home, the possession of which may change the
+very physical, mental, and moral fibre of one's own children.
+
+Now, in the main because of the diversion of our economic strength from
+permanent construction to manufacturing of consumable commodities
+during and after the war, we are short about a million homes. In cities
+such a shortage implies the challenge of congestion. It means that in
+practically every American city of more than 200,000, from 20 to 30 per
+cent, of the population is adversely affected, and that thousands of
+families are forced into unsanitary and dangerous quarters. This
+condition, in turn, means a large increase in rents, a throw-back in
+human efficiency and that unrest which inevitably results from
+inhibition of the primal instinct in us all for home ownership. It
+makes for nomads and vagrants. In rural areas it means aggravation and
+increase of farm tenantry on one hand, an increase of landlordism on
+the other hand, and general disturbance to the prosperity and
+contentment of rural life.
+
+There is no incentive to thrift like the ownership of property. The man
+who owns his own home has a happy sense of security. He will invest his
+hard earned savings to improve the house he owns. He will develop it
+and defend it. No man ever worked for, or fought for a boarding-house.
+
+But the appalling anomaly of a nation as prosperous as ours thwarted
+largely in its common yearning for better homes, is now giving way to
+the gratifying revival of home construction. Accordingly the time is
+ripe for this revival to afford an opportunity to our people to look to
+more homes and better ones, to better, more economical and more uniform
+building codes, and to universal establishment and application of
+zoning rules that make for the development of better towns and cities.
+We have the productive capacity wasted annually in the United States
+sufficient to raise in large measure the housing conditions of our
+entire people to the level that only fifty per cent, of them now enjoy.
+We have wastes in the building industry itself which, if constructively
+applied, would go a long way toward supplying better homes, so that
+what is needed imperatively is organized intelligence and direction.
+For the problem is essentially one of ways and means.
+
+And, finally, while we are about Better Homes for America and are
+lending such indirect support to the movement as the Government,
+States, counties, communities, and patriotic individuals and
+organizations can rightfully give, let us have in mind not houses
+merely, but homes! There is a large distinction. It may have been a
+typesetter who confounded the two words. For, curiously, with all our
+American ingenuity and resourcefulness, we have overlooked the laundry
+and the kitchen, and thrown the bulk of our efforts in directions other
+than those designed to make better homes by adding to the facilities of
+our very habitations. If, in other words, the family is the unit of
+modern civilization, the home, its shelter and gathering-point, should,
+it would seem, warrant in its design and furnishing quite as large a
+share of attention as the power plant or the factory.
+
+We believe, therefore, that in every community in which it is possible
+a "_Better Homes in America_" Demonstration should be planned and
+carried through during the week of October 9th to 14th, 1922.
+
+(Signed) Herbert Hoover
+
+
+
+
+THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
+
+WASHINGTON
+
+July 24, 1922.
+
+Dear Mrs. Meloney:
+
+Naturally I am interested in the "Better Homes in America" movement.
+When we consider the all powerful influence of home conditions and home
+atmosphere on the lives and character of our people, both young and
+old, surely every proper effort to improve those conditions should have
+the support of all good citizens.
+
+Our people in the Department of Agriculture will be glad to advise with
+your committee chairmen on any matters in which they can lend
+assistance. Our home demonstration agents in different sections of the
+country can no doubt be helpful in advising as to the setting up of
+demonstration kitchens.
+
+You seem to have gathered to your help the cooperation of a large
+number of state governors and also a number of other gentlemen who,
+because of their public work, can possibly contribute to the success of
+the campaign.
+
+With very best wishes, I am
+
+Sincerely yours,
+
+[Signature]
+
+
+Mrs. William Brown Meloney,
+  Secretary to the Advisory Council
+  for the "Better Homes" Campaign,
+    223 Spring Street,
+    New York City.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: DEMONSTRATION OF BETTER. HOMES--October 9 to 14, 1922]
+
+
+A PLAN for COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION of BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA
+
+_Demonstration Week October 9th to 14th, 1922_
+
+
+_The future history of America will be shaped in large measure by the
+character of its homes. If we continue to be a home-loving people we
+shall have the strength that comes only from a virile family life. This
+means that our homes must be attractive, comfortable, convenient,
+wholesome. They must keep pace with the progress made outside the home.
+Realization of this has crystallized into a national civic campaign for
+Better Homes in America endorsed and encouraged by Federal and State
+officials and by prominent men in public life as set forth in this Plan
+Book._
+
+The following plan has been prepared to give practical help to citizens
+of any community organizing for a _Better Homes in America_
+Demonstration Week, October 9th to 14th, 1922.
+
+The Campaign in each community centers about a _Better
+Home_--completely equipped, furnished and decorated, in accordance with
+approved modern practice, and placed on exhibition during Demonstration
+Week.
+
+Better Homes exhibitions have already been held, but now for the first
+time a national organization, endorsed and supported by the President
+of the United States and other Federal and State officials, is prepared
+to give practical help to every community wishing to share in the
+_Better Homes in America_ movement.
+
+The community which exhibits a _Better Home_ during Demonstration Week
+will be given a powerful impetus for good. Every civic interest, every
+business and industry will be favorably affected. A _Better Homes_
+demonstration is a stimulus to better living, civic pride and community
+morale. It encourages thrift and industry. It develops a higher
+standard of taste. It means a better community in every way. This has
+been proved by the experience of many communities which have held
+successful exhibitions. They have ranged from cities as large as
+Cleveland, Milwaukee, Columbus, Kansas City and Dayton to villages of a
+few hundred population. In every case where the demonstration has been
+properly organized lasting benefits have followed.
+
+
+_Follow the Plan_
+
+
+The National Advisory Council of _Better Homes in America_, through its
+Bureau of Information, has made a thorough investigation of previous
+exhibitions of this character.
+
+This investigation has shown clearly that when the local organizations
+proceed in the right way a _Better Homes_ demonstration may easily be
+made a great success. Causes of trouble as well as of success have been
+analyzed to bring out the methods that should be avoided. The Advisory
+Council, therefore, is in a position to recommend plans that have stood
+the test of practical experience.
+
+With Federal and State governments endorsing and encouraging this Plan
+of educating the people to _Better Homes in America_, the conduct of
+local demonstrations is given tremendous impetus and support. And with
+the suggestions and the Plan for conducting such demonstrations
+herewith presented, any community may confidently undertake the
+production of a _Better Homes_ Exhibition during Demonstration Week,
+October 9th to 14th, 1922.
+
+A comparatively few energetic and capable women, with the support of
+local civic organizations, can effectively put into practice the ideas
+and plans with which they will be supplied by the Bureau of
+Information. The expense of a _Better Home_ demonstration need not be
+great; in some communities it may be kept as low as $25.00. Builders,
+merchants and prominent citizens will combine to supply the Model
+_Better Home_, and to furnish it. Civic organizations and newspapers
+will cooperate to interest the public.
+
+The most successful demonstrations have been so managed as to impress
+upon visitors that they were not selfish enterprises, intended to help
+special interests, particular firms or individuals. They have been so
+conducted as to benefit every line of business and to help the
+community as a whole. Neither the name of the builder or owner of the
+home exhibited, nor the name of any person or business firm furnishing
+any portion of the exhibit, is permitted to be displayed.
+
+The motive behind the demonstration is primarily educational.
+
+
+_How to Form a General Committee for Better Homes Demonstration Week_
+
+
+A Better Homes Demonstration should be organized and directed by a
+disinterested group of prominent women, working from motives of public
+service. This group should be formed of a Chairman and a General
+Committee of from four to seven members, depending upon the size of the
+community.
+
+Each member of the General Committee is Chairman of one or more
+sub-committees as outlined later in this Plan.
+
+The Chairman of the General Committee is appointed through the National
+Advisory Council of _Better Homes in America_. She appoints the members
+of the local General Committee. They in turn appoint the members of the
+Sub-committees. In the case of the Sub-committees it is particularly
+important that appointments should be made with the knowledge and
+approval of the local civic and commercial interests whose co-operation
+is desired. Detailed suggestions for procedure are outlined later.
+
+The duties of the members of the General Committee fit naturally into
+the following arrangement of Sub-committees with a member of the
+General Committee as Chairman of each Sub-committee:
+
+  (1) Sub-committee on Advertising and Publicity.
+  (2) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home.
+  (3) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home.
+  (4) Sub-committee on Furnishing and Decorating.
+  (5) Sub-committee on Reception of Visitors and Management of Home.
+  (6) Sub-committee on Program of Events.
+  (7) Sub-committee on Budget for Demonstration Week.
+
+Where the size of the community makes it desirable to have a General
+Committee of only four members, some such distribution of the
+Sub-committees as this is recommended:
+
+  (1) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Advertising and Publicity; and
+    (b) Sub-committee on Progress of Events.
+  (2) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home; and
+    (b) Sub-committee on Furnishing and Decorating.
+  (3) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home; and
+    (b) Sub-committee on Reception of Visitors and Management of Home.
+  (4) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Budget for Demonstration Week.
+
+
+_How To Secure Patrons for Better Homes Demonstration; Full Cooperation
+of All Local Interests Essential_
+
+
+Following the organization of the General Committee, the first duty of
+its Chairman should be the arrangement for meetings of the
+Committee--or its individual members--with the various City Officials,
+and Civic and Commercial Organizations in the community, to explain the
+Plan for a _Better Homes_ Demonstration and to secure their endorsement
+and active support.
+
+Those endorsing and supporting the Demonstration may be known as
+Patrons and should comprise the following:
+
+  The Mayor Commissioner of Education (or Superintendent of Public School)
+  Publishers or Owners of Local Newspapers
+  Presidents of Important Women's Clubs
+  President of Chamber of Commerce Agricultural Home Bureau, etc.
+  President of Real Estate Board
+  President of Rotary Club
+  President of Kiwanis Club
+  Presidents of Building & Loan Associations
+  Presidents of other Business or Trade Associations related to the
+Home Building and Furnishing Industries.
+
+Churches should also be asked to support the movement.
+
+Additional Patrons may properly be selected from prominent citizens of
+the community, who are noted for their public spirit and are not
+included in the above list.
+
+The two essentials for a successful _Better Homes in America_
+Demonstration are genuine co-operation from all local civic, financial,
+commercial and educational interests, and full and extensive publicity
+through the local newspapers. From the youngest boy or girl scout to
+bank president, business man, school teacher, minister, manufacturer
+and city official, everybody in a community should have a real personal
+interest in the Demonstration. When the benefits of a successful
+_Better Homes_ Demonstration are once understood this interest is
+readily aroused.
+
+Investigation of successful exhibitions in Kansas City, Indianapolis,
+Cleveland and elsewhere proved conclusively that the cooperation of all
+local interests was the biggest single factor of success.
+
+
+_How to Form Sub-Committees_
+
+
+It is important to appoint as Chairman of each Sub-committee a member
+of the General Committee who is particularly fitted to the specific
+work assigned to her Sub-committee. The special abilities of the
+members of the General Committee should be taken into careful
+consideration and so used in the arrangement of the Sub-committees as
+to secure the best and quickest results.
+
+The formation of Sub-committees is necessary not only to divide the
+work effectively, but also to arouse the interest and cooperation of
+the various local interests directly affected by home building and home
+betterment. All the local business groups--furniture dealers, hardware
+dealers, wall-paper and paint dealers, electrical dealers, real estate
+dealers, etc.--should be interviewed and asked to nominate a
+representative from each group to serve on the appropriate
+Sub-committee. In this way the appearance of favoring special interests
+will be avoided and the fullest co-operation secured.
+
+It may be well to stress here that the Chairman of the General
+Committee should not become immersed in the details of the
+Sub-committees' work. She establishes a point of contact and a clearing
+house for _all_ Sub-committees and directs the _Better Homes_
+Demonstration as a whole, but not in detail. Neither should the
+Chairman of a Sub-committee attempt to enter into details of the work
+of other Sub-committees not under her direction. The Chairman of each
+Sub-committee is responsible to the Chairman of the General Committee,
+and to her alone.
+
+Suggestions for the formation and activities of the various
+Sub-committees are given in the following:
+
+
+_I--How to Form Sub-Committee on Budget for Demonstration Week_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is the Chairman.
+
+This Sub-committee should be made up of prominent citizens,
+representing both the financial and mercantile interests of the
+community. It would be appropriate to secure a Bank Cashier, who is
+accustomed to keeping accurate records of receipts and expenses, to act
+as Vice-chairman of the Sub-Committee. He may also act as Treasurer of
+the General Committee. This committee should have charge not only of
+the securing of the modest expense fund necessary for Demonstration
+Week, but also of the recording of facts and figures regarding the
+operation of the Demonstration Home, and the results obtained. Such a
+record will be exceedingly useful to the local General Committee as
+well as the National Advisory Council. Accurate figures on the local
+_Better Homes_ Demonstrations will be invaluable in continuing the
+_Better Homes_ in America Campaign, and arrangements have been made for
+prizes to be given to those Committees submitting the best reports and
+records of successful demonstrations.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+There will be certain general expenses incurred in conducting a _Better
+Homes_ Demonstration. These general expenses may range from $25 to $500
+or more, depending upon the size of the committee and the extensiveness
+and completeness of the Demonstration.
+
+Some of the items of expense which may be incurred are: insurance of
+borrowed property; special advertising in the form of street signs,
+window cards and posters; printing; prizes for contests; lecturers,
+and, possibly, special forms of entertainment.
+
+In many communities where Demonstrations have been held, the small
+contributions necessary have been readily volunteered by the various
+organizations, business firms or individuals directly interested in the
+financing and furnishing of homes. Contributions may be secured from
+bankers, stores, public utilities, real estate dealers, building
+material dealers, insurance men, etc. The amounts contributed by the
+various interests should be carefully apportioned and only a sufficient
+sum collected to pay the actual expenses of the Demonstration.
+
+In Dayton and other cities it was found that volunteer contributions
+were readily made by manufacturers of, or dealers in, trade-marked
+articles, such as pianos, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, electrical
+equipment, etc. As these articles, because of the trade name affixed,
+received special advertising in the Demonstration Home, it was
+considered proper to accept contributions from the dealers. The
+selection of trade-marked articles which may be shown in a
+Demonstration Home should be made in a disinterested manner by the
+Subcommittee on Equipment.
+
+
+_2--How to Form Sub-Committee on Advertising and Publicity_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The success of the Demonstration rests largely upon the thoroughness
+with which this Committee does its work. It should, therefore, be
+composed of all of the Publishers or Advertising Managers of local
+Newspapers, and the Advertising Managers of Department Stores and other
+large business houses. The fullest co-operation should be secured from
+all the local publishing and advertising interests.
+
+Local newspapers will gladly aid a _Better Homes_ Demonstration, for
+such an exhibition presents unusual opportunities for selling
+advertising space to local merchants. In some of the cities where
+Demonstrations have been held, the newspapers have brought out large
+special editions carrying a great amount of local advertising, and
+filled with interesting and instructive reading matter regarding home
+building and home betterment.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+The campaign publicity should commence with an announcement of the
+organization of the General Committee and the selection of Patrons. It
+should be continued, in advance of the opening of the Demonstration
+Home, by the use of reading matter descriptive of home planning,
+furnishing, decoration and equipment.
+
+The local newspapers should co-operate with the Sub-committee in seeing
+that advertisements of exhibitors during the demonstration week do not
+mention the fact that the advertiser is an exhibitor. This, of course,
+should not preclude the general advertising of goods suitable for the
+equipment or furnishing of _Better Homes_. This regulation is in line
+with the non-commercial policy of the campaign, and merchants will
+readily understand its fairness.
+
+This Sub-committee should provide painted signs announcing the location
+of the Exhibition Home. These signs should be placed at neighboring
+street intersections. Signs in the form of arrow pointers should be
+tacked on telephone poles in all parts of the city pointing in the
+direction of the Demonstration Home and announcing its exact location.
+
+Automobile Posters or Banners for the cars of the members of the
+Committee may be furnished by local sign painters or printers.
+
+The Committee should also see that show cards advertising the
+Demonstration are properly distributed and displayed in store windows
+and that posters are put up in suitable public places.
+
+Show cards, posters and stickers bearing the imprint of the _Better
+Homes in America_ campaign, with space left for local announcements,
+may be obtained by application to the Bureau of Information, _The
+Delineator_, 223 Spring Street, New York City, Secretary, Mrs. William
+Brown Meloney.
+
+A circular descriptive of the show cards, posters and stickers may also
+be obtained through the Bureau of Information, which has arranged to
+have this advertising display matter prepared for the use of local
+Committees. It is strongly recommended that these posters and cards be
+used in order to standardize the various local Demonstrations.
+
+The stickers should be widely distributed among local merchants for use
+on city mail during the week preceding and the week of the campaign.
+
+Small electrotypes of the _Better Homes in America_ campaign insignia,
+or trade-mark, may be obtained through the Bureau of Information for
+use on printed matter and in newspapers. They are shown in the circular
+descriptive of the advertising display material.
+
+
+_3--How to Form Sub-Committee on Selection of Demonstration Home_
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The selection of the home to be used for the Demonstration should be
+made by a _disinterested_ committee. Experience has shown that this is
+the only satisfactory method, as all personal interests are thus
+eliminated and criticism avoided.
+
+Previous experience also indicates that this Sub-committee, with a
+member of the General Committee as Chairman, of course, should be
+composed of the President of the local Real Estate Board (if there is
+one in the community), a representative of the Chamber of Commerce or
+Merchants Association, a representative architect, and a representative
+of the Building Material Dealers. Here again is illustrated the
+importance of securing the full co-operation of the various groups of
+business men directly affected by home building and owning. These
+groups should be interviewed and each group asked to appoint its
+representative on this committee. When the National campaign for
+_Better Homes in America_, and the Plan as outlined here, have been
+clearly explained to these interests, a Sub-committee for selecting the
+Demonstration Home may be organized, which will act disinterestedly and
+effectively.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+The three cardinal principles to be observed in the selection of a
+Demonstration Home are: first, situation with respect to accessibility
+and nearness to street car lines; second, type of architecture; and
+third, cost.
+
+A Demonstration Home should be situated within a reasonable distance of
+the business section of a community, and it should not be more than
+four blocks from the nearest street car line. In a city where the
+Demonstration Home was selected some eight blocks from the car line and
+upon a hill, the attendance was disappointingly small. The
+Demonstration Home should not be situated in the outskirts of a
+community. This was found to be a disadvantage in a city where a
+Demonstration Home was selected in a new, partially developed suburb,
+some distance from the city limits.
+
+An extreme type of architecture should be avoided in a Demonstration
+Home.
+
+With respect to the cost of the home selected, it has been shown in a
+number of cities that a house priced slightly above the average cost of
+homes in the community attracted the larger number of visitors. The
+public apparently likes to visit a home costing more than the average,
+because of a desire to see and admire better things. Demonstration
+Homes, therefore, may range in price from $5,000 to $15,000, including
+the land, but not including the furnishings and equipment.
+
+Other essentials of an ideal home for demonstration purposes are fully
+outlined in an article prepared by direction of Secretary of Commerce
+Hoover and included in this Plan Book on pages 7 and 8. The builder or
+owner of the Home selected should be willing to loan it to the General
+Committee for the Demonstration Week, without charge. He should also be
+willing to landscape the grounds, decorate the walls and carry all
+insurance and damage risks. This has been gladly done by builders in
+Syracuse, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Kansas City and elsewhere. There is no
+better selling method for homes than that of putting on display a
+completely furnished and equipped home.
+
+If the entire plan of campaign is explained to the builder or owner of
+a suitable home, and the advantages of indirect selling methods are
+pointed out to him, his co-operation will be readily secured.
+
+The name of the builder or owner is not to be displayed on the
+Demonstration Home in any manner, shape or form, nor is his name to be
+carried in any of the advertising during the campaign.
+
+This will do away with all appearance of favoritism in the choice of
+the house to be used. It is proper, however, to insert a reading notice
+in the newspapers announcing the selection of the Demonstration Home
+and giving the name of the owner or builder. No further reference
+should be made to him in any of the advertising matter during
+Demonstration Week, though the attendants in the home may properly give
+his name to any person inquiring for it.
+
+
+_4--How to Form Sub-Committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The selection and installation of all practicable labor-saving devices
+and appliances in the Demonstration Home is left to this Sub-committee.
+It should be composed of representatives of dealers in home equipment,
+architects, builders, and, if possible, a Home Demonstration agent of
+the Agricultural Department. (See announcement of special co-operation
+of Department of Agriculture by Secretary Wallace on page 9).
+
+
+_Suggestions for Sub-Committee_
+
+
+On pages 47-49 will be found a statement of the best modern practise in
+the equipment of a home permitting the most efficient and economical
+housekeeping.
+
+It is probable that many communities will be unable to equip the
+Demonstration Home completely, in accordance with the standards laid
+down. So far as practicable these suggestions should be followed, but
+local conditions and the stock of equipment carried by local dealers
+may require some modifications in detail.
+
+_5--How to Form Sub-Committee on Furnishing and Decorating_
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman. In the selection of this
+Sub-committee the greatest care must be taken to secure the cooperation
+of all the business firms and individuals concerned in the furnishing
+and decorating of homes. Each group--furniture dealers, hardware
+dealers, paint and wallpaper dealers, department stores (if any),
+decorators (if any), art and book stores--should be interviewed on this
+important subject and asked to appoint representatives to serve on this
+Subcommittee.
+
+_Suggestions for Sub-Committee_
+
+In order to maintain the non-commercial aspect of Demonstration Week,
+no exhibitor's name should be displayed on any article shown in the
+Demonstration Home. No price tags should be permitted on any article.
+In this way all appearance of commercialism is avoided. This feature
+will appeal to the fair and broad-minded merchant and will secure the
+enthusiastic support of all the merchants in the community, no matter
+how small their business may be.
+
+The attendants at the Home, in response to inquiries as to where
+certain articles may be secured, should be instructed to reply that
+they may be had from the inquirer's own dealer or from any dealer in
+the city.
+
+In Dayton this non-commercial plan was wonderfully successful.
+
+In communities where suitable furnishings and decorations are not
+obtainable from the local stores they may be borrowed from public
+spirited citizens, who have such articles as are adapted to the scheme
+of decoration and furnishing. For the guidance of the Sub-committee,
+which may not include expert decorators or furnishers as members,
+practical suggestions on good furnishing and decorating have been set
+forth on pages 30-42 of this Plan Book. These suggestions will
+undoubtedly prove helpful in assembling the furnishings and decorations
+for a Demonstration Home. If more detailed information is required,
+write to the Bureau of Information, _The Delineator_, 223 Spring
+Street, New York City, Secretary, Mrs. William Brown Meloney.
+
+In all cases the basement of the Demonstration Home should be very
+carefully arranged, equipped and prepared for exhibition.
+
+The furnishing of the Demonstration Home should include well-selected,
+standard home literature and reference books, properly arranged in
+book-cases or on shelves. A printed list of this selected library may
+be supplied for distribution to the visitors.
+
+
+_6--How to Form Sub-Committee on Management and Reception_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The members of this Sub-committee should be selected for their ability
+to manage the Demonstration Home and to receive and care for the
+visitors. It may be composed of representatives of the various women's
+organizations in the city.
+
+In order to insure the keeping of accurate records of attendance, one
+or more bank tellers should be members of the Sub-committee.
+
+This Sub-committee is to provide the attendants at the Demonstration
+Home and to handle the visitors in such a way as to avoid confusion and
+damage. It should also keep an accurate record of attendance, of
+interesting inquiries and the general results. It should report in
+detail to the Budget Committee, so that the General Committee may have
+an opportunity to compete for the prizes offered for the best report of
+a successful Demonstration.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+During the hours of exhibition the Demonstration Home should be in
+charge of a capable woman of suitable personality. This may be a
+volunteer, or a paid worker, for the entire week, or several volunteer
+workers may undertake the management of the Home, having definite days
+of attendance assigned to them.
+
+The hours of exhibition should be from 1:00 to 10:00 p.m. continuously.
+It has been found in exhibitions that the home need not be kept open
+during the morning hours. During this period it may be cleaned and
+placed in readiness for visitors.
+
+An attendant for the bedrooms and two attendants for the first
+floor--one in the hall or living room and the other in the dining room
+and kitchen--will be required to direct and control the visitors and to
+keep the house in perfect order during the exhibition hours. These
+attendants may be club or committee members who volunteer their
+services for certain days in the week.
+
+It has been noted in several exhibitions that visitors usually
+congregate at certain hours in the afternoon and evening, and
+frequently overcrowd upon the lawns. It is necessary, therefore, to
+erect light guard rails along the sidewalk leading from the street to
+the house. And it may sometimes be necessary to have an outside
+attendant who will keep the visitors in an orderly line of entrance.
+This is work that may very well be performed by Boy Scouts.
+
+During times of congestion visitors should be taken through the house
+in groups not to exceed fifteen in number. They should be conducted
+through the rooms in an orderly manner by the attendants. In some cases
+it has been found advisable to send the visitors to the second floor
+first, so that they may depart through the kitchen after inspecting the
+first floor and basement. Girl Scouts may be used for conducting the
+visitors through the home.
+
+A careful check on the attendance at the Demonstration Home should be
+kept. This can best be done by assigning a Boy or Girl Scout to count
+the visitors as they enter the home and keep an accurate tally, which
+should be reported to the manager in charge. In some cities it has been
+found that a list of visitors to the home may be readily obtained by
+having them register upon a numbered card, which can be used for a
+drawing contest--a prize being awarded to the lucky number. In smaller
+communities where the attendance will not be large at any one time the
+names of visitors may be kept in a small register or list book.
+
+
+_7--How to Form Sub-Committee on Program of Events_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman. This Sub-committee
+should be composed of persons who are particularly capable in arranging
+programs of entertainment, and may be selected from members of the
+Board of Education, School Principals and Teachers, Theatrical and
+Moving Picture Managers, Community and Song Leaders, etc.
+
+
+_The Following Events Are Suggested_
+
+
+1--Sermons, Addresses and Sunday School talks in all churches on the
+Sunday preceding the opening of the exhibition.
+
+2--Color slides relating to home owning, home management, home
+furnishing and decoration to be shown in moving picture houses.
+
+3--Four-Minute Talks on thrift, home owning, home financing, home
+furnishing, home decoration, etc., in all moving picture houses.
+
+4--Block Parties in front of the Demonstration Home. Lights for the
+block party may be supplied from the headlights and searchlights of
+automobiles properly arranged.
+
+5--Window Dressing Contests for hardware merchants, house furnishing
+merchants, department stores, etc.
+
+6--Erection of Miniature Home, suitable for a girl's playhouse, on
+Public Square--this playhouse may be given as first prize to the girl
+of school age writing the best essay on "Why You Should Own Your Home."
+
+7--Showing special _Better Homes_ films in all moving picture houses.
+(See special announcement on page 24.)
+
+8--Prizes for the best example of a Model Kitchen in the community.
+
+9--Cooking Demonstrations by Home Demonstration Agent, or some
+well-known local cook, High School or Normal School student.
+
+10--Singing by Choir or Quartette on porch of Demonstration Home each
+evening at about 7:30 and 8:00 o'clock.
+
+11--(a) Guessing contest as to how many visitors enter Demonstration
+Home.
+
+11--(b) Prize for best essay by a boy on Home Owning.
+    (c) Prize for best essay by a girl on Home Equipment or Furnishing.
+    (d) Prize for best landscape design for Small Home by High School
+or Art student.
+
+12--Radio Program at Demonstration Home, or elsewhere in the city.
+
+13--Lectures on Home Equipment, Decoration or Furnishing by experts, in
+local auditorium. It has been found that admission to these lectures
+may be charged, to help defray the expense of lecturers.
+
+
+_Lecture Courses and Lectures_
+
+
+Lectures on Home Building, Furnishing, Decoration and allied subjects
+have been found to attract large audiences in cities where they have
+been given under the auspices of local organizations. Undoubtedly many
+communities co-operating in the _Better Homes in America_ Demonstration
+Week, October 9th to 14th, will desire to include in their program of
+events lectures on _Better Homes_ subjects.
+
+
+
+
+_Better Homes in America Bureau of Information
+
+The Delineator 223 Spring Street, New York City
+
+Secretary,_ Mrs. WILLIAM BROWN MELONEY
+
+
+The Bureau of Information has been established to support and
+coordinate the work of local _Better Homes in America_ committees.
+
+Additional copies of this Plan Book may be obtained from the Bureau of
+Information.
+
+Other data and material will be supplied as indicated in the Plan Book.
+
+Bulletins will be sent out from time to time to keep local committees
+posted on the national development of the _Better Homes in America_
+campaign.
+
+In the following pages of the Plan Book are special articles prepared
+by governmental and other authorities on various phases of home
+building, equipment, decorating, sanitation, etc. The Bureau of
+Information will either answer inquiries in regard to any of these
+special articles or, when necessary, will refer the questions to the
+authors of the articles.
+
+
+
+
+MOTION PICTURE PRODUCERS & DISTRIBUTORS OF AMERICA, INC.
+
+522 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY
+
+  WILL H. HAYS president
+  COURTLAND SMITH SECRETARY
+  Telephone Vandebilt 2110
+
+  July 19, 1922
+
+Mrs. W. B. Meloney, 233 Spring Street, New York City.
+
+
+My dear Mrs. Meloney:
+
+I am immensely interested in the Better Homes Campaign. This is
+something that the motion picture industry should be interested in and
+I am sure that they will want to be.
+
+I would like to help you to have available for your Better Homes week,
+October 9-14, pictures that would show clearly just what the modern
+home should be.
+
+I am glad that the Better Homes Council has had such an encouraging
+response from the governors of the various states and from the women of
+this country. Certainly it is a matter to which all of us should give
+our very best. It will have an enduring influence on the lives of our
+people and it is one of the most creditable movements that I know of.
+
+I have a little home in Sullivan, Indiana, that we are most anxious to
+equip in just exactly the best way, and I am as much interested as any
+one could be in learning how this should be done, so I am looking
+forward to October 9-14 with much interest.
+
+With best wishes always, I am,
+
+Sincerely yours,
+
+[Signature]
+
+
+
+
+Essentials for Demonstration Home Suggestions on Buildings and Grounds
+
+By JOHN IHLDER
+
+DIRECTOR, HOUSING CONDITIONS, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES
+
+
+Different parts of the country have quite distinct types of one-family
+dwellings. The best, unquestionably, is the detached house with
+adequate yard space on all four sides; the house which gets sun and air
+no matter which way it faces or what the direction of the prevailing
+breeze; the house whose yard makes it possible for the family, and
+especially for the children, to live much in the open. But, though this
+is the best type, it may prove impracticable for people of moderate
+means in communities where past practice has resulted in crowding the
+land to such an extent that group or row houses have become the
+standard.
+
+Whatever the type of house, however, there are certain fundamentals of
+an essentially good house. The exhibition house should, as far as
+possible, embody these fundamentals as given below.
+
+_Open Space Belonging to the House_
+
+If the house is of the detached type (open on all four sides) it should
+have a lot wide enough to permit fifteen feet of yard space on each
+side. Then it is protected from any danger of side windows being
+darkened and air cut off by any building which is permissible in a
+one-family house residence district (see Zoning and What it Means to
+the Home). Where there are no zoning regulations to give protection,
+even fifteen feet of side yard will not prevent injury from a tall
+apartment house or commercial building.
+
+Under no circumstances should the demonstration house, if of the
+detached type, have less than ten feet of side yard. If no detached
+house with ten feet or more (preferably fifteen feet or a little more)
+of side yard can be secured, then seek a house of another type.
+
+Next in order of excellence is the semi-detached house (twin--two
+houses side by side with a party wall). The single side yard of this
+house should be fifteen feet wide and never less than ten feet.
+
+Next in order is the group house, or the row house. The row house may
+be a perfectly good house if it is wide enough in proportion to its
+depth so that there may be adequate open spaces before every window,
+and if it is so planned as to take full advantage of these open spaces.
+Moreover a row of houses may be so designed--perhaps as one unit so far
+as the front elevation is concerned--that they will be very attractive
+in appearance. A wide, row house (18 to 20 feet or more), properly
+planned, is much better to live in than a detached or a semi-detached
+house whose side yards are so narrow that they do not give adequate
+light and air to middle rooms.
+
+The really good house is bright and airy. Consequently the
+demonstration house should be set back from the street and its front
+yard should be deep enough not only to assure privacy from the street,
+but also to permit at least a well sodded grass plot.
+
+The rear yard will, of course, extend across the whole lot. Or the rear
+yard may be 100 feet deep. But in this connection, it is necessary to
+bear in mind that a yard may be too large as well as too small. It must
+fit in with the house, and some account must be taken of the probable
+habits of its occupants. A family which has no servants, and in which
+the breadwinner works long hours away from home, may find a large yard
+a burden unless some member is an enthusiastic gardener. Lacking this
+gardener the back of a deep yard is likely to become a dump-heap.
+
+_The House Itself_
+
+Given adequate open space as described above there are certain
+essentials in the house itself.
+
+_Construction_
+
+A house is, or should be, an investment. Therefore it should be
+honestly constructed. One of the most important lessons for the home
+buyer to learn is that the initial cost of a house is not its full
+cost. It pays well to spend a little more on purchase price if,
+thereby, repair bills and maintenance costs are kept down. And it pays
+not only in dollars and cents but in satisfaction as well, for the
+house that soon begins to go to pieces, that soon looks shabby, is
+quite the opposite of a "joy forever."
+
+Consequently the demonstration house should be well built, and one of
+the most valuable parts of the demonstration should lie in pointing out
+by suitable placards its structural excellencies. Has the ground
+immediately outside the walls been drained so that water will not lie
+against these walls and gradually soak into them? Is the cellar well
+drained and dry; well lighted and ventilated? Is the foundation well
+built? Are the beams and joists heavy enough and of good material? Are
+the floors and woodwork of good material, well seasoned, and of good
+workmanship? Is the hardware (locks, hinges, lighting fixtures, etc.)
+strong enough to stand usage? Are the outside walls of good
+material--if of brick, of good quality with good quality mortar; if of
+frame, of good lumber, well seasoned and well painted with three coats
+of paint? What kind of sheathing is used? Is wood well seasoned? Is the
+roofing of a material adapted to the climate and of good quality? What
+material is used for flashing?
+
+Recently there has been some discussion of the heat-retaining quality
+of walls. It is advocated that openings which permit circulation of
+cold air between outer and inner walls shall be filled. This adds but
+little to the cost of building and in cold climates reduces materially
+the coal bill. Incidentally it also aids both in reducing the fire
+hazard and in rat proofing. For the latter, care must be taken that
+there are no unscreened openings through foundation walls into a
+cellar, and that all openings from the cellar to the space between
+outer and inner walls of stories above shall be filled with rat-proof
+material.
+
+Much attention is now being given to standardizing the parts of a
+house, both to reduce initial cost and to make replacement easier and
+less expensive. Are the doors, windows and other parts of the
+demonstration house of standard stock sizes?
+
+_Light and Ventilation_
+
+_Every_ room must have adequate window areas giving upon wide outdoor
+spaces. An interior room, or one poorly lighted from a narrow court, or
+receiving its only light from a wide porch, may not impress the
+visitor, who sees it only when the house is new and the room
+artificially lighted, but it does in time impress the family who
+inhabit it. Row houses are best when they are only two rooms deep from
+front to rear. If, however, an extension is built upon the rear of a
+row house, the court on one side of this extension, from which middle
+rooms are lighted, should be _at least six_ feet wide for a two-story
+dwelling and seven feet for a three-story dwelling. If there is a front
+porch on a row house it should not extend clear across the front,
+darkening every window of the front ground-floor room, but should
+extend only part way, leaving one window free. This also adds to the
+value of the porch by giving it greater privacy, but of course it
+necessitates a house at least 18 feet wide, if the porch is to be large
+enough to use as an outdoor sitting room for the whole family in warm
+weather.
+
+So far as practicable, each room should have at least two windows, and
+corner rooms should have windows in two walls.
+
+The rooms should be planned so that they may be opened into each other
+and the breeze permitted to sweep through.
+
+_Privacy_
+
+While the family is a unit, and a function of the house is to symbolize
+and emphasize family unity, there should, nevertheless, be provision
+for some individual privacy. The most elementary provision, of course,
+is that there be at least three bedrooms--on the assumption that the
+normal family will contain both boys and girls. Consequently the
+demonstration house must contain not less than three bedrooms. But
+beyond this, the grouping of rooms possible in a two-story house
+(bedrooms and bath on the second floor, common living rooms on the
+first floor) as against a one-story house, adds greatly to privacy. At
+the same time the two-story house is nearly always the more economical
+both to build and to operate, while one flight of stairs does not add
+appreciably to the house-wife's work. With the kitchen, dining room,
+living room and a lavatory on the ground floor there is comparatively
+little need of running up and downstairs, even when there are young
+children in the family. A third story, an upstairs sitting room, no
+ground floor lavatory, do add appreciably to the amount of stair
+climbing.
+
+Stair climbing is reduced by having the laundry on the same floor as
+the kitchen instead of in the basement or cellar. Though it is the
+scene of greatest activity only one or two days a week, it is often
+used at other times, and often in connection with kitchen work. On the
+score that the number of steps is thereby reduced, laundry tubs may be
+placed in the kitchen; but against this must be balanced the annoyance,
+or worse, that comes from having the kitchen full of steam and all
+cluttered up with clothes in process of washing when meals must be
+prepared. Because of this many women prefer a separate laundry in an
+ell or extension opening off the kitchen. From the latitude of
+Philadelphia south, this extension may be of light construction without
+danger of pipes freezing except in the coldest weather; and it is a
+simple matter to install a cut-off, so that these pipes may be emptied
+when not in use.
+
+_Sanitation_
+
+There should be a fully equipped bathroom on the bedroom floor and a
+toilet--preferably a wash bowl also--on the ground floor. A toilet in
+the cellar is only a half-way measure. It does give an added
+convenience of very real value, especially when there are servants; but
+it is usually less accessible than the upstairs bathroom and, unless
+the cellar is unusually well lighted and ventilated--unless it is
+heated and unless its floor is high enough above the sewer to provide
+for the necessary slope of the soil pipe--it is very likely to become a
+nuisance. A sewer-connected toilet in the yard is only a step above the
+old-time privy vault. It is inaccessible in bad weather; after dark it
+is public; and it is likely to freeze.
+
+
+
+
+_Suggestion for Furnishing and Decorating the Demonstration Home_
+
+PREPARED BY THE BUREAU OF INFORMATION
+
+
+Changing an empty house into a furnished, restful place of beauty is no
+less a task than transforming a piece of paper into a lovely picture.
+In one sense, interior decoration is a creative art. It is true that
+decorators, or persons furnishing houses, do not weave their own
+hangings, build their own furniture, or design their own wall-paper,
+but they select the things they require from shops, where they have
+been designed by others, and choose in such a way as to make a
+beautiful and harmonious whole.
+
+Persons who must furnish a house for the occupancy of a family face
+four distinct problems: first, they must see that the things selected
+suit the house in size, coloring, and style; second, that the pieces
+selected are harmonious with each other, and that they are comfortable
+and well-made; third, that they suit the requirements of the family;
+and fourth, that they fit the family purse.
+
+_Backgrounds_
+
+The first requisite of a house is that it be restful; therefore, it is
+wise to use wall coverings that are plain in effect. Plain paints or
+tints, and wall-papers of a cloudy, all-over pattern, make the best
+backgrounds.
+
+When a room faces north, the best colors to use are the yellows, which
+might range from a cream color to a deep pumpkin yellow.
+
+In rooms that face south, it is possible to use light grays, which
+might range to a deep putty color; though it is possible in sunny rooms
+to use almost any color except those which might fade easily.
+
+The best way to treat rooms which have wide doorways connecting them
+with other rooms is to have the walls of both rooms alike, preferably
+in some plain color.
+
+_Floor Coverings_
+
+Rugs and floor coverings should be several shades darker than the
+walls, and be either in plain colors or have a small or indefinite
+all-over design. Where walls are plain, the latter type of carpet
+should be used. When walls have on them any figured covering, plain
+carpet should be used.
+
+_Hangings_
+
+The hangings for rooms which have plain wall coverings could be striped
+or figured, but in rooms where there is a figured wall covering, the
+hangings should be in plain colors, taking the color scheme for these
+from the dominating color note in walls and carpet.
+
+_Furnishings_
+
+A good rule to follow in choosing furnishings is to avoid anything
+which strikes you as elaborate, or prominent. If a piece of furniture,
+carpet, or curtain material stands out in a shop, you may be quite
+certain that it will be even more noticeable in a house.
+
+A house can only be considered properly furnished when it meets the
+real needs of the occupants. Comfortable chairs, sofas, and beds, good
+tables, and soft carpets, make up the most important objects, and these
+should be the best that the family can afford. No definite rule can be
+applied to the arrangement of the furniture, but balance and wall space
+should be considered first. Where a single opening is placed in the
+center of the wall, or like openings at equal distances, the wall
+spaces will be in balance; in the case of unequal openings, the wall
+spaces will be out of balance.
+
+At balanced wall spaces, place pieces of furniture of relative size and
+contour. These may be tables, chairs, sofas, and pictures. Leave the
+more intimate and personal furniture, such as favorite chairs, sewing
+table, and foot stool, for a grouping at one side or in the center of
+the room. Lay all carpets and rugs parallel with the longest sides of
+the room.
+
+In a room with unbalanced wall spaces, place against the longest spaces
+the largest pieces of furniture--the piano, the bookcase, the
+davenport--grouping perhaps a table, mirror, and chair against a
+smaller and opposite wall space. This permits the comfortable chairs,
+tables, lamps, and pottery to relieve the stiffness, allowing them to
+be grouped in the center of the room.
+
+Do not indulge in too many pictures, but select a few of interest and
+good quality. These few should be hung on a level with the average eye.
+Small pictures should be hung somewhat lower.
+
+Do not invest in many ornaments. A few bits of colored pottery, or some
+brass ware, is all that is required to strike a lively note. Place
+these so that they will balance other objects arranged on the same
+mantel or bookshelf. For example, a pair of brass candlesticks placed
+at either end of a mantel, with a pottery bowl, clock, or ornament in
+the center, strikes a balance. Never have a large jar on a small table
+or stand, or small ornaments on a large table. A good thing to remember
+is that ornaments decrease in value as they increase in number.
+
+In the following pages will be found suggestive lists of articles which
+the rooms in a Better Home might contain. For further assistance and
+more detail, write the Bureau of Information.
+
+_Suggestions for Furnishing the Hall_
+
+[Illustration: HALL A Modern Colonial Hall of good proportions and
+design, with the simple but necessary furnishings for convenience and
+welcome.]
+
+The first impression of a house and its occupants comes as one enters
+through the front door into the hall. Thus, nowhere in the entire house
+is it more important to strike the right keynote in furnishing and
+decoration. If there is no closet in the hall for wraps and umbrellas,
+it will be necessary to have in some obscure corner a wooden strip
+painted the same color as the woodwork, in which are solid brass hooks,
+placed low enough so that the young members of the family can reach
+them. Also, for umbrellas, provide a plain pottery jar which will
+harmonize with the color scheme of walls and carpets.
+
+On the hall table have a card tray--brass if the hardware is
+brass--silver if the hardware is nickel or iron--and a medium-sized
+pottery vase in crackle ware, or some natural color. A hall lantern or
+scones would be in harmony with these furnishings, and have decorative
+value.
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme for the Hall_
+
+_Walls_--Ivory paper or paint.
+
+_Woodwork_--Paint--dull finish.
+
+_Floors_--Hardwood--Stained antique oak, finished with wax or varnish.
+
+_Floors_--Softwood--Painted a deep yellow, or gray, or stained to
+represent hardwood.
+
+_Floors_--Linoleum--In a tile pattern of black and white, provided the
+living room is not directly connected with the hall; in such case use
+only plain brown, grey, or Jaspe linoleum.
+
+_Below is a Suggested List of Furnishings Which the Hall Might Contain_
+
+_A table_--Of oak, mahogany, or walnut, either drop-leaf, gate-leg, or
+console.
+
+_A mirror_--Gilt, or to match the wood in the table, Early American or
+English.
+
+_A straight chair or two_--With or without rush seats, enameled black,
+with stencil design, or to match the wood of the tables.
+
+_A low-boy_--Of mahogany or walnut, with drawers for gloves, string,
+etc.
+
+_A large chest_--Of oak or brass-trimmed mahogany, for overshoes, etc.
+
+_One or two rugs_--May be _Oriental_ in blues, browns, tans or black;
+or wool braided, in blues, browns, tans or black; or Wilton, in blues,
+browns, tans or black; or Axminster, in blues, browns, tans or black.
+
+_A cocoa mat_ placed at front door.
+
+_The Living Room_
+
+As the living room is the gathering place for family and friends, it
+may well be considered the most important room in the house. It should
+take its keynote for decoration from the hall. If there is a wide
+doorway connecting the living room with the hall, the color scheme
+should be the same. As the living room serves as library also, open
+book shelves, painted the same as the woodwork, are essential, and more
+substantial than book cases.
+
+The first requisite of such a room is that it shall be restful. Avoid
+using rocking chairs. Use little bric-a-brac. Nothing which does not
+contribute to the necessity and beauty of the room should be allowed.
+
+Tan or ivory is good in a room which is inclined to be dark, or gray
+and gray-green in a room inclined to be bright.
+
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme for Living Room_
+
+_Walls_--Ivory, cream or gray--paper or paint.
+
+_Woodwork_--Ivory paint--dull finish.
+
+_Floors_--Hardwood--Stained antique oak with wax or varnish finish.
+
+_Floors_--Softwood--Painted a deep yellow or gray, or stained to
+represent hardwoods.
+
+_A Suggested List of Furnishings for Living Room_
+
+_Table_--Drop-leaf--in mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut; Gateleg--in
+mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut; Modern Chippendale--mahogany,
+weathered oak, or walnut, or Sheraton type of table.
+
+_Sofa_--Upholstered in either sage green or brown upholsterer's velvet;
+blue, yellow, mauve satin or taffeta sofa cushions.
+
+_Armchair_--Overstuffed chair in indefinite striped upholsterer's
+velvet in sage green; satin cushion in corn color.
+
+_Armchair_--Back and seat upholstered in brown like sofa--arms of
+mahogany.
+
+_Desk_--A reproduction of a Sheraton, Hepplewhite, or Early English
+Desk.
+
+_Chair_--Rush bottom--same wood as desk, or in dull black or sage green
+dull enamel, conventional stencil design.
+
+_Wicker chair_--Of brown or natural wicker, with printed linen cushions
+in floral pattern.
+
+_Tilt table for cards or tea_--Mahogany or walnut.
+
+_Fireplace_ (If any)--A wood-box or basket; andirons and fire screen,
+hearth brush and tongs.
+
+_A Reading Lamp_--Sage green or black pottery base; an old gold colored
+paper shade, fluted or plain, top and bottom bound with sage green tape
+ribbon, or guimpe.
+
+_A Clock_--In simple, plain design of wood, antique gilt, or leather.
+
+_Footstool_--Small ottoman, covered in black and yellow needlework, or
+velvet same as sofa (brown).
+
+_Waste paper basket_--Small black wicker next to desk.
+
+_Decorative Accessories_--Green vase, gold luster bowl, mauve pottery
+piece; Desk appointments in dull brass, bronze, or leather;
+Book-ends--Library Shears. Match box and ash tray on table in brass or
+bronze.
+
+_Carpet_--One large or several small Orientals, or a Wilton, Axminster,
+or velvet in two tone of brown or tan, or in plain colors.
+ _Glass curtains_--Cream, marquisette, cheese-cloth, or scrim, made
+plain.
+
+_Overdraperies_--(If desired)--Can be either printed linen, same as
+cushion in wicker chair, lined with sage green sateen, or brown or sage
+green poplin, silk damask or sunfast.
+
+_Chairs_--If the room is large enough, one or two chairs, chosen to
+correspond with those already in the room, may be added.
+
+_Dining Room_
+
+The dining room should be one of the most cheerful and inspiring rooms
+of the house. It is the place where the family gathers to enjoy meals
+together, and nothing insures a better start than having breakfast in a
+bright, cheerful room.
+
+If the dining room and living room are connected by wide doorways, have
+the walls of both rooms alike. If they are connected by a small door,
+the walls may be in some light cloudy landscape paper, or in a small
+allover pattern in light cream, buff, gray, tan, or putty color.
+Because there is so much blue china, persons feel that they want blue
+dining rooms. This is a mistake, as blue used in large quantities in
+either walls, china, or hanging absorbs the light and makes a room
+gloomy. Do not display china or glassware in a so-called china closet.
+A built-in corner cupboard, or a small mahogany or rosewood cabinet,
+which might hold rare bits of pottery and china, is permissible. It is
+far better to use the pantry shelves for china than to crowd it into a
+china closet.
+
+It is best to use a rug with small figures. The hangings should be in
+plain colors, taken from the predominating colors in the wall covering;
+or if the walls are the same as the living room, the hangings should be
+chosen from the predominating color in the living room. This will bring
+the rooms into perfect harmony, without having them just alike.
+
+_Suggested Color Scheme for Dining Room_
+
+_Walls_--Ivory or cream, if closely connected with living room. A
+cloudy landscape, crepe, or cartridge paper in buffs, pale grays, fawn,
+or cream if closed off from living room.
+
+[Illustration: DINING ROOM This well-proportioned dining room with its
+plain walls and figured floor covering has a square mahogany table and
+eight chairs of the Georgian period.]
+
+_Woodwork_--Ivory.
+
+_Floors--Hardwood_--Stained antique oak, with wax or varnish finish.
+
+_Floors--Softwood_--Painted a deep yellow or gray, or covered in plain
+brown, gray, or Jaspe linoleum.
+
+_Suggested List of Furniture for Dining Room_
+
+_Table_--Round or square extension, or drop-leaf--six legs--in
+mahogany, walnut, weathered oak, or painted black, gray, or coco. Might
+be reproduction of Hepplewhite, Sheraton, or Georgian period. A glass,
+silver, or pottery bowl, containing flowers, on the table; plain ecru
+linen doilies.
+
+_Chairs_--8 chairs--Mahogany--Damask seats, Hepplewhite backs.
+Walnut--English linen seats, Sheraton backs. Weathered Oak--Velvet
+Seats, Queen Anne backs. Painted--Rush seats, or wooden seats, Windsor
+or straight backs.
+
+_Sideboard_--Low, broad, after Hepplewhite or Sheraton, a Welsh dresser
+with Windsor chairs. (Here keep either a few good pieces of silver with
+candlesticks on either end, or a large pottery bowl filled with fruit
+in the center, and candlesticks to match the bowl placed at either end,
+or some bits of red or yellow glass, but do not combine all three. Do
+not use delicate lace runners or doilies. Plain linen, or heavy real
+filet is far more effective Display no cut glass or hand-painted china.)
+
+_Mirror or Mellow, dark-toned painting_--Framed in antique gilt or to
+correspond with the wood of the furniture selected, and hung on level
+with the eye, directly in the center and over the sideboard.
+
+_Serving Table_--To correspond with other furniture selected, and
+placed as near the kitchen door as possible.
+
+Here keep two or four silver or glass candlesticks which are used on
+the table at night, also a silver, mahogany, or wicker tray.
+
+_Mirror_--Queen Anne type--over serving table--especially if serving
+table is between two windows, it gives effect of space.
+
+_Muffin stand_--Especially for maidless house--of mahogany, walnut, or
+painted to correspond with furniture selected.
+
+_Nest of Tables_--Small, square, of either mahogany, walnut, or black
+lacquer, to be kept in a corner and used for tea parties, functions,
+etc.
+
+_Rug--Large Oriental_--In blues, yellows, browns, or old rose and
+black; Wilton--in blues, yellows, brown, or old rose, and black;
+Axminster--in blues, yellows, browns, or old rose, and black; Chenille
+or velvet, in plain colors.
+
+_Curtains_--Glass curtains to match living room, in either marquisette,
+cheese cloth, or scrim, made plain.
+
+_Overdraperies_--If desired, can be either like the living room, if
+rooms are in close proximity, or taken from the predominating color
+note of living room hangings if these are figured.
+
+With a cloudy or landscape paper, use plain poplin, rep, or sunfast, in
+warm tans, sage green, with bands of black or orange, or both, across
+the bottom; this would give character to the room.
+
+_Uniformity in furniture chosen_--Be sure in choosing your furniture
+that uniformity is observed as to period, wood, and type. For example,
+if a Sheraton sideboard in mahogany is selected, then the entire
+furniture of the dining room should be of the Sheraton type in mahogany.
+
+_Bedrooms_
+
+The first requisite in furnishing a bedroom is that it appears crisp
+and clean. The walls, light in color, must be restful and simple in
+design. The woodwork should be white, if possible. Painted furniture is
+very popular for a bedroom because of its dainty appearance, but
+dull-finished mahogany or walnut in four post or Colonial design, with
+rag, braided, or hooked rugs, makes a charming bedroom.
+
+Place the bed where the sleeper will not be subject to strong light or
+cross drafts (see page 27 for proper ventilation). A dressing table is
+fashionable, but not as practical as a chest of drawers with mirror
+above. A full-length mirror installed in a closet door, or hung in a
+narrow wall space, is a very decided adjunct. Be sure to place the
+dressing table or chest of drawers where the light is not reflected
+from an opposite window. To secure a good view, the light should be
+directed upon the person to be reflected, and not upon the mirror.
+
+Avoid placing the furniture all on one side of the room. If possible,
+intermingle high and low pieces to secure a proper balance. If one bed
+is used, be sure to place beside it a table on which should be a lamp,
+telephone, and small water bottle and glass. If two beds are used,
+place this table between the two beds.
+
+If the walls are plain in color, figured draperies and bedspreads can
+be used. If the walls have on them a small design, plain materials for
+these purposes should be used.
+
+_Suggested Color Scheme for Bedroom_
+
+_Walls_--Corn colored cross-bar paper.
+
+_Woodwork_--White, dull finish, paint.
+
+_Floors_--_Hardwood_--Stained antique oak, with wax or varnish finish.
+
+_Floors_--_Softwood_--Painted a deep yellow, or covered in plain brown,
+tan, or Jaspe linoleum.
+
+_Suggested List of Furnishings for the Bedroom_
+
+_Bed_--Full size, or twin beds--In mahogany, walnut, ivory paint, or
+enamel. Box or wire springs. Mattress and pillows.
+
+Bedspreads and bureau covers may be made of unbleached muslin, bound
+with wide bands of plain yellow, blue, and brown, these colors
+overlapping each other, or plain white Swiss, dimity, or Marseilles.
+
+_One high-boy_, or high chest of drawers for man--In mahogany, walnut,
+or painted. This piece should conform with or match other furniture in
+room. Brushes, comb, box for odds and ends, clothes brush.
+
+_Mirror_--Hung flat against the wall--in same wood as high-boy.
+
+_One Dressing Table_--or low chest of drawers--for lady--with mirror
+hung over the chest of drawers. May be in mahogany, walnut, or painted.
+With toilet articles in silver or tortoise shell, or ivory; pin
+cushion, scent bottles. The mirror may be of Queen Anne type in antique
+gilt, to correspond with woods used in room.
+
+_Two straight back chairs_--In mahogany, walnut, or painted, with plain
+wood, rush, or caned seats.
+
+_Natural wicker arm chair_--Sturdy type placed near window, with
+cushions of chintz or sateen to match the bedspreads.
+
+_Small flat-top desk and chair_--In either mahogany, walnut, or
+painted, to correspond with furniture.
+
+Supply with note paper, silver or brass ink-well, and blue feather pen.
+
+_Small Sewing Table_--Of Martha Washington design, or a Colonial type,
+in mahogany or rosewood. Place on it small lamp with base of wood, in
+brown or tan porcelain, and having a shade of blue silk lined with tan
+silk.
+
+_A Chest_--In either cedar, mahogany, or cretonne-covered, and placed
+under a window or in a corner for storage of summer or winter clothes.
+
+_Rugs_--Oriental in black, blues, or yellows, plain brown or tan
+carpet, made into a large rug, or wool braided, hooked, or heavy rag
+rugs, in black, blues, tans, browns.
+
+Small rugs should be placed near the bed, dressing table, and high-boy.
+
+_Curtains_--Glass curtains of scrim, marquisette, or cheese-cloth, to
+correspond with those of living room and dining room.
+
+_Draperies_--Draperies of either cretonne or muslin to match
+bedspreads, with bands of yellow, blue and brown sateen to correspond
+with bedspreads.
+
+_Bedroom for Either Boys or Girls_
+
+It has been proven that furnishings and color produce either desirable
+or disastrous effects upon the sensitive minds of children. As all
+children's rooms are usually a combination of bedroom, play room, and
+study, it is well to keep in mind colors, design, arrangement, and
+practicality for all purposes.
+
+To most children, a spotty or too often repeated design is distracting.
+Blues and violets soothe, while reds, yellows, and sometimes greens are
+exciting and stimulating colors. We so often send our children to study
+and amuse themselves in their room, but have we done our share in
+providing them with the comforts and necessities that will assist them
+to produce better school work?
+
+_Boys_--With no frills, light fabrics, or woodwork for them to soil and
+mar, their rooms still may be made interesting--even beautiful--but
+convenience and masculinity should be kept foremost in mind.
+
+_Girls_--A girl's room, on the other hand, should be dainty, bright,
+and frivolous. Her personality, even at a very tender age, will clearly
+be disclosed by the way she cares for her room. There is no need of a
+great expenditure of money in buying furniture or hangings for a girl's
+room. Some of the cheaper fabrics and simplest furniture will make the
+most charming room.
+
+
+_BOY'S ROOMS_
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme_
+
+_Walls_--Buff-colored paint, or tinted walls.
+
+_Woodwork_--Stained mission oak or walnut.
+
+_Floors_--Hardwood floor, strips of coco matting, or woolbraided rugs.
+Softwood--a large square of linoleum.
+
+
+_Suggested List of Furnishings_
+
+_Bed_--Something of the day bed type. Bedspread of blue denim, with
+stitched bands of yellow sateen at edge.
+
+_Chest of Drawers_--Painted buff or brown, or walnut or mission oak.
+
+_A Mirror_--Antique gilt, or of wood to match chest of drawers, hung
+low.
+
+_A Desk_--Of the craftsman type, with stool or bench to match.
+
+_Two Wooden Chairs_--Either painted or of mission oak.
+
+_A Table_--Low, plain wooden table, of walnut, or stained to match the
+woodwork.
+
+_One Comfortable Chair_--Brown wicker, or the Windsor type.
+
+_A Lamp_--Of the student type, or on a bracket, securely fastened on
+the wall.
+
+_A Tie Rack_--Hung near chest of drawers.
+
+_One or two shelves_--For books, trophies, etc. Made of plain wood,
+stained to match the woodwork of a plain bookcase of mission oak.
+
+_Curtains_--Of blue denim, with stitched bands of sateen at edge--hung
+straight.
+
+
+_GIRLS' ROOMS_
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme_
+
+_Walls_--Papered in a soft gray-rose, allover design paper.
+
+_Woodwork_--Cream paint.
+
+_Floor_--Hardwood--Rag rugs, with rose stripes or a gray chenille
+carpet. Softwood--Battleship gray paint, with rag rugs or rose chenille
+carpet.
+
+_Suggested List of Furnishings_
+
+_Bed_--_Single_--Painted ivory or cream--four post, or with some low,
+simple headboard.
+
+Bedspread of rose dotted swiss, with wide ruffle.
+
+_A Dressing Table_--To match bed, with rose colored sateen mats--bound
+in pale-gray with drawers.
+
+_A Large Box_--For waists, etc. Covered in rose and gray cretonne.
+
+_A Desk_--To correspond with painted furniture; a gray blotter and rose
+colored pen.
+
+_Two Chairs_--One of natural wicker with cushions of rose sateen, and
+one of wood to correspond with painted furniture, caned seat.
+
+_A Sewing Table_--Of mahogany or cherry.
+
+_A Lamp_--China base with a shade of silk, dotted swiss, or
+rose-colored paper.
+
+
+_The Nursery_
+
+The ideal nursery is also a play room. It should, as nearly as
+possible, meet the ideals of the child's own world. In that room are
+received early impressions which are never forgotten, and which have a
+lasting influence on the adult life.
+
+Don't bedeck the cribs, beds, or curtains with ribbons and laces, and
+expect your child to be happy. The "don'ts" and "be carefuls" make
+children irritable and unhappy. Choose the room with a thought to
+sunlight, and be sure it has outside blinds which will darken the room
+without keeping out the air.
+
+The floor should be bare with the exception of one rug near the bed, or
+should be covered with a good grade of plain linoleum.
+
+The walls and woodwork should be painted, if possible, a cream or light
+gray. Some fairy tale friezes are attractive, and afford opportunities
+of introducing color, but, if used, should not be placed too high on
+the wall--about three-quarters of the way up from the floor is a
+reasonable height. Child-study has taught that many and oft-repeated
+designs and subjects become meaningless, especially to older children.
+
+The furniture in the nursery should be practical. Painted furniture and
+wicker chairs are attractive. A comfortable winged or overstuffed chair
+for the grown-ups is essential. Low shelves and cupboards, built for
+toys and books, are necessary if the room is to be kept neat and tidy.
+A stationary blackboard, and a large box for books and cherished
+belongings, are very welcome additions.
+
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme for the Nursery_
+
+_Walls_--A soft, misty, gray paint, tint, or plain paper.
+
+_Woodwork_--A dull white.
+
+_Floors_--Plain hardwood, with a rag or braided rug in sapphire
+blue--or softwood, entirely covered in taupe Jaspe linoleum.
+
+
+_Below Is a Suggested List of Furnishings Which the Nursery Might
+Contain_
+
+_A Crib_--White iron or wood, on ball bearing casters.
+
+Bedspread of yellow and white seersucker, or a silky yellow sunfast.
+
+_A Tall Chest of Drawers_--Painted cream or white, with plenty of
+drawers.
+
+_Table_--Low nursery table or tall one which has had its legs cut.
+
+_Two Chairs_--Low, with wooden seats, and painted to match the
+furniture.
+
+_A Desk_--Flat top with plenty of paper and pencils.
+
+_Waste Paper Basket_--White or natural wicker.
+
+_One Large Fireside Chair_--With slip cover of blue and yellow striped
+linen.
+
+_Glass Curtains_--Of best quality of cream colored cheesecloth, bound
+in yellow tape.
+
+_Over draperies_ (If desired)--Of primrose yellow silk, or sunfast, or
+striped yellow and blue linen to match slip cover.
+
+_Clothes Rack_--Low wooden rack, painted white, with at least four
+hooks.
+
+_Closet_--Should have a low pole on which could be hung plenty of
+hangers. Also a shelf about 6 inches from the floor for shoes, etc.
+
+_Large Cushions_ for the floor--One each of blue, yellow, nile green
+and orange.
+
+_Color Scheme_--If you desire another color scheme, such as
+blue-and-white, or pink-and-white, write for information.
+
+
+
+
+_Model Kitchen_
+
+
+PREPARED BY THE HOME ECONOMICS BUREAU OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
+
+
+The first consideration in arranging kitchen equipment is to save steps
+and labor. The kitchen should be clean, odorless and attractive.
+
+_Size_--Not more than 120 square feet of working space for preparing
+food and washing dishes. More space when kitchen is used for laundry or
+has dining alcove.
+
+_Ventilation_--If no cross drafts are provided for, cut a transom over
+back door if possible and arrange window boards to allow ventilation
+through top and bottom of window. Is desirable to have hood installed
+over stove to carry off drafts.
+
+_Lighting_--Two or three windows desirable and a glass pane in kitchen
+door. If unavailable, increase light by having very pale walls and
+mirrors in dark corners. Artificial light should be from powerful
+burner hung from center of ceiling. Electric light should be indirect.
+Additional side lights should be added near sink and stove, unless they
+receive full light.
+
+_Wall Coverings_--(1) Commercial oil cloth wall covering; or (2) good
+oil enamel paint. Color--Light tones. On Southern exposure--pale gray,
+green or pale blue; on Northern exposure--buff walls with a deeper buff
+or tan woodwork are good. For very dark rooms--white. Avoid white in
+well lighted rooms because of glare. If natural color, woodwork should
+have two coats of water proof varnish; if painted, two coats of flat
+paint and one of enamel paint.
+
+_Floor Coverings_--If room has cement floors, provide rubber mats
+before sink, stove and cabinet to avoid foot strain. Otherwise, use
+linoleum slightly darker than walls and harmonizing or contrasting in
+color; or any other surface easy to keep clean.
+
+
+_List of Kitchen Fixtures_
+
+The Kitchen should have the following equipment:
+
+_Range_--Coal, wood, gas, oil or electric. Good hood for ventilation is
+desirable. Height of all working surfaces depends upon height of woman
+who will work in kitchen. All working surfaces including top of range
+should be as near the same height as possible. Height should be at
+least 32 inches, or more, if worker is tall. A label should state this
+fact. If coal range is the main one, have supplementary gas, electric
+or oil range. Gas range should have stove pipe from oven.
+
+_Sink_--Sink should be large enough to accommodate both a washing and
+rinsing dish pan. Have large drain board on each side with raised edge
+or beading. It should either slope gradually toward sink or have
+sloping grooves. If only one drain board is provided, add an adjustable
+folding board. Bottom of sink should be at least 32 inches from floor.
+Sink should be placed under or near a window to insure coolness and
+view.
+
+_Cabinet_--White or colored enameled metal or natural wood finish with
+broad working shelf 32 inches from floor or higher according to height
+of worker. Shelves and bins for most commonly used supplies and
+utensils. If a cabinet with a good work shelf is not available an
+additional table near cabinet should be provided.
+
+_Tables_--One or two tables, porcelain, glass, enamel, or zinc topped.
+If none of these can be had, linoleum may be fitted with waterproof
+cement to a wooden table. It should be at least 32 inches high. A table
+with drawers underneath and a swinging stool and space for knees is
+good.
+
+_Cupboard_--If there is no dining room pantry, a cupboard should be
+added for the china; if space permits, this should be added anyhow for
+less frequently used utensils and supplies.
+
+_Stool_--Stool, preferably white, should be of right height to allow
+sitting at table, work-shelf or sink. Add a plain chair if space
+permits.
+
+_Refrigerator_--A well insulated ice box, preferably white. Ice
+compartment should be at side or top. Straight easily cleaned drain
+pipe should attach to plumbing. If refrigerator is indoors a door for
+icing from the outside is desirable.
+
+_Towel Rods_--Wood or nickel with space for four or five dish towels.
+
+_Hand Towel Rack_--If only one person uses it, roller towel rack may be
+installed. Otherwise, paper toweling or individual hand towels hung on
+cup hooks near sink by loops on corners.
+
+_Wall Clock_--Simple, with clear figures.
+
+_Housekeepers' Rest Corner_--If space permits, a comfortable chair,
+footrest and small table for books and sewing should occupy a
+little-used portion of the room, to permit rest and recreation while
+waiting for food to cook.
+
+_Garbage Pail_--Covered; with foot lever to raise cover without
+stooping; fireproof trash basket.
+
+
+_Arrangement of Equipment_
+
+Sink, cabinet with broad working shelf and dish cabinet (if dishes are
+washed in kitchen) should be as close together as possible without
+cramping passage room. Stove should be convenient to, but slightly away
+from, work shelf for hot weather. An ideal arrangement is china
+cupboard at right of sink, cabinet with broad work shelf at left of
+sink and, in a narrow kitchen, range on opposite wall from sink across
+narrowest part of room; if range is far from any broad working surface
+a table should be very near range. All kitchen equipment, except range,
+should be as near as possible to dining room door. If no dining room
+pantry with sink is provided, kitchen sink should be near dining room
+door. Range with supplementary range beside it should be so placed that
+full day light will light the oven. If stove is already installed in a
+dark place in exhibition house, move it into light, even though
+repiping and wiring may be required. Mirrors may be hung to throw
+additional light on range. If there is no good working shelf on
+cabinet, a table should be near cabinet for mixing food. There will
+then have to be a second table with a heat proof top near the stove
+unless stove is so near to cabinet that one table will serve both for
+mixing and setting hot utensils on. If possible, install a gas range,
+or an electric range if current is cheap enough to warrant. The range
+should, if possible, have an oven heat regulator. Where gas is
+unavailable and cost of electric current high, install a good oil stove
+with an oven. Refrigerator should be on porch or vestibule just outside
+kitchen door or should be in the kitchen near the back door away from
+the stove. If space permits, table next to refrigerator is a
+convenience. An out-icer is a convenience; in cold weather the ice
+compartment may be left empty and open for the air to cool the food.
+
+Dish towel and hand towel racks should be as near as possible to sink,
+high enough to be out of the way. The dish towel rack should be on side
+towards window for drying and airing.
+
+Wall clock should be within sight of stove without worker turning
+around. Garbage pail and trash basket should be under sink. Stove
+should be near chief working surface; either table or cabinet.
+
+_Decorations_--Simple, easily washed curtains of gingham, striped
+calico or unbleached muslin with a colored tape border add to the
+attractiveness of the room. They should not obscure the light. If the
+windows are near working centers, curtains may be half length, that is,
+from top of window to center sash, and finished with a fringe.
+
+Smaller up-to-date equipment, such as a fireless cooker, a pressure
+cooker, utensils, electric whippers, cutlery, strainers and so on,
+should also be installed. Further information is given in another
+bulletin.
+
+
+_The Kitchen as Laundry_
+
+If the Kitchen is also used as Laundry, laundry equipment should be
+away from cooking equipment if possible. _Two Tubs_--well-lighted, tops
+34 inches, a _Washing Machine_ run by whatever power the locality
+affords, preferably electricity. Washing Machine may have direct
+connection with plumbing, or good pipe hose should be provided for
+draining and filling machine. Copper lined _Wash Boiler_ with spigot
+for emptying. _Zinc Topped Table_--on rollers, same height as top of
+stove, for carrying wash-boiler between sink and stove. _Ironing
+Board_--If possible, board that folds into cupboard. Board should have
+its own support far enough in from ends to permit of putting garment
+over it. _Clothes Basket_--_with Casters on Bottom_.
+
+_Iron_--Electric Iron, or if electricity is unavailable, gas iron.
+Electric or hand _Mangle_ for ironing.
+
+Have tubs, washing machine, ironing board and plug for electric iron
+grouped together.
+
+_The Equipment of the House_
+
+Having a house that is structurally sound, well planned and with
+adequate yard space, the next question is its equipment. Equipment has
+to do with the operation, with the house work. On the one hand this is
+more or less determined by the size and plan of the building, on the
+other by the furnishing and decoration. A well planned house makes
+house work lighter; and furnishing and decoration which add
+unnecessarily to the number of things which must be cleaned or cared
+for, or heavy pieces which must be moved, add to the labor of house
+work. Nevertheless, equipment occupies a clear outfield of its own that
+calls for separate discussion.
+
+_Heating_
+
+_Central Heating_--Central heating preferred. May be hot air, steam,
+hot water, or vapor. Insulate heater and pipes. Large furnace water
+pan, or radiator waterpans, desirable. Select heating system, using
+fuel most economical for your locality. Thermostat heat regulator
+installed in living room is desirable. Write placards describing why
+you selected this heating plant; why it is so well insulated; why large
+water pan or radiator water pans are important.
+
+_Supplementary Heat_--Open fireplace, Franklin stove or gas logs
+desirable in living room for beauty and comfort in spring and fall.
+
+_Water Supply_
+
+Should have running hot and cold water. If city water not available,
+should be pumped by power rams. Hot water boiler may be attached to
+coal range with auxiliary gas or oil heater for summer. Where gas rate
+is low, gas may be used alone. Automatic gas hot water heaters very
+desirable.
+
+_Bathroom_
+
+_Size_--Should be large enough for tub, basin, toilet, clothes-hamper,
+stool, medicine cabinet and towel cabinet.
+
+_Floor_--Should be most sanitary. Tile, stone or linoleums are the most
+sanitary. Small black and white pattern or light blue and white are
+good. A well-filled painted wood floor of battleship gray or colonial
+buff may be used.
+
+_Walls_--Tile or plaster painted with two coats flat paint and one coat
+of enamel, or oil cloth wall covering. White, blue and cream are the
+best colors.
+
+_Ventilation_--Window board should be in window to allow top and bottom
+ventilation. An additional separate ventilator is desirable.
+
+_Fixtures_--Porcelain or enameled iron tub with hot and cold running
+water; shower with spray set at angle not to wet hair.
+
+_Basin_--Porcelain or enamel with hot and cold water.
+_Toilet_--porcelain, white enameled seat desirable. _Medicine Cabinet_
+with door and mirror over basin, shelves for shaving equipment,
+lotions, antiseptics, etc. _Cupboard_ large enough to hold supply of
+towels, soap, toilet paper, and equipment for cleaning bathroom
+fixtures.
+
+_Clothes hamper_ unless chute to bin near wash tubs is provided. Hamper
+should have white smooth surface. Enameled metal or wood desirable.
+
+_Towel racks_--A nickel or enameled wood rack for each member of family
+to keep towels separate.
+
+_Miscellaneous fixtures_--Two nickel or enameled metal soap racks, one
+beside basin and one beside or hooked to tub. Tooth brush rack to hold
+tooth brushes well separated. Toilet paper basket or rack. Individual
+mugs or glasses for each member of family. Shelf of glass or wood
+covered with oil cloth over basin.
+
+_Stool_--White enamel, preferably. _Clothes hooks_ on back of door, or
+clothes tree. _Sash curtains_ of white material, easy to launder.
+
+_Lavatory_--It is well to have additional lavatory on ground floor to
+save steps. It should contain toilet, wash bowl, stool and fixtures for
+accessories. Should be as easy to clean and hygienic as bathroom.
+
+_Lighting_
+
+Electricity if possible. Bulbs in all rooms should be frosted or
+shaded. _Hall_--Electricity or lamp hung from center in form of lantern
+or cast iron bracket to hold at least one bulb or one lamp. If side
+lights are desired, fixtures of brass, cast iron, or enameled iron are
+effective.
+
+_Living Room_--If possible, at least one baseboard plug, one center
+ceiling light or side brackets if desired. If room is large a center
+floor plug is desirable. Plugs permit lamps to be used without
+unnecessary cords showing. If wire must pass through rug, do not cut
+rug but push threads apart.
+
+_Dining Room_--If a center light in shape of dome is used, hang low
+enough to avoid shining in eyes of those dining. A soft effect is
+gained by side brackets representing sconces. Wired metal or glass
+candlesticks on mantel and side-board, give pleasing effect. Floor plug
+near dining table for electrical table appliances.
+
+_Bedrooms_--Fixtures should be placed in long wall space convenient to
+bureau or dressing table. Have plug near bed for lamp for reading in
+bed. If space permits, night light on table in upper hall is useful.
+All plugs and sockets should be of standard shape and size.
+
+_Cleaning_
+
+House should be easy to clean with hard smooth floors, with cracks well
+filled, and rugs rather than carpets. Rounded edges and corners of
+baseboards desirable, also simple baseboards. One flight of stairs is
+sufficient if located out of sight of living room. This saves labor of
+cleaning two flights. Two cleaning closets, one on ground floor and one
+on second floor, are labor savers. Have space for vacuum cleaner and
+for hanging all brushes, brooms and dusters, and a shelf above or at
+side for the cleaning compounds. Zinc or other fireproof lining to
+cupboard and ventilator desirable.
+
+_Storage Space_--Attic with rows of shelves for storing boxes and small
+objects is desirable. Wooden chests, trunks, and a cedar lined chest or
+cupboard useful. Built-in closets or rows of inexpensive chests of
+drawers with space to pass between are good.
+
+_Storage Closets_
+
+Every bedroom should have clothes closet with hooks and a rod for
+hangers, a shelf for hats and a bottom shelf for shoes. A tall closet
+may have near ceiling an additional rod for hangers for less often used
+clothes, and long rod lifter to reach hangers. A cupboard for bed linen
+should be in upstairs hall or in a centrally located room. On ground
+floor coat closet is desirable; also tool cupboard or chest, large
+china cupboard, low enough for all china to be within reach. Cold
+closet with open wire screen cabinets in basement.
+
+_Pantry_
+
+If kitchen is well ventilated and stove has hood, pass pantry not
+necessary. It makes extra steps. If pass pantry is in house, only its
+narrowest dimension should divide kitchen from dining room. Partitions
+under sink for trays to stand; a narrow space for table leaves; a china
+cupboard with reachable shelves, and a sink and drainboards like those
+described for kitchen are desirable. Drawer on small shelf for cleaning
+compounds and brushes for cleaning silver, steel, brass and copper.
+
+
+
+
+FINANCING A HOME
+
+PREPARED BY THE DIVISION OF BUILDING AND HOUSING, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
+
+
+_1.--What You Buy and How to Buy It_
+
+In purchasing a home a misstep may be unfortunate, so get the best
+advice you can, and watch every step. First of all, what you buy is the
+site and the improvements on it. If a building and loan association, or
+bank, loans you money on the property, it has a direct financial
+interest in helping you guard yourself on certain points, such as
+making sure that there are no old mortgages, no unpaid back taxes, or
+bills for building materials, or other claims against the property.
+
+Be certain your title is clear, or have it insured or guaranteed. Learn
+of any easements, such as the right of a telephone company to place its
+poles upon your lot.
+
+If you make a purchase offer with a cash deposit, include a statement
+as to whether window shades, stoves, and other movable property are
+included. Risk from loss by fire or elements should be assumed by the
+owner until the title passes to you.
+
+Your offer should be dependent on your obtaining a satisfactory loan to
+finance the proposition, and the ability of the owners to furnish
+papers to show a good marketable title, free from liens or
+encumbrances. In other words, do not bind yourself to the purchase
+until you are sure of what you are paying for, and that you can finance
+it.
+
+You must be prepared to pay taxes on your property, and special
+assessments for installation of water, sewerage, electric light, gas or
+other public utilities, or street paving and sidewalks. Note what
+improvements are already made, and what additional ones you may have to
+pay for.
+
+_2.--How to Pay for Your Home_
+
+In buying a house and lot you must borrow what you cannot pay in cash.
+Remember that the more risks you assume, the fewer the lender will have
+to charge you for. Your promise to pay back what you borrow will be
+secured by a mortgage or trust on the property. A first mortgage loan
+on not over one-half or two-thirds of the value of a piece of property
+is a very safe investment, and the rates of interest should be low. The
+lender on a second mortgage takes more risk, and rates of interest and
+discounts are higher. If you agree to buy a home without the title
+passing to you at once, the seller takes less risk, and you may save
+money.
+
+_3.--Where to Get Loans_
+
+There are building and loan associations throughout the country,
+usually organized to serve the needs of people like yourself, who wish
+to finance a home. Their plan of weekly or monthly payments, both on
+principal and for interest, has proved sound from the experience of
+millions of people as an aid to systematic saving. Loans may often be
+obtained from savings banks, trust companies, state banks, individuals,
+and trustees for estates.
+
+Obtaining money on a second mortgage is usually not so easy. Remember
+that when the owner of a house takes a second mortgage in payment he
+may plan to sell it for four-fifths or less of its face value, and that
+he probably charges you accordingly.
+
+Above all, when you start to save for a home do not throw your money
+into glittering schemes that promise big dividends and the chance to
+borrow money at 3 per cent or less. The concerns behind such schemes
+cannot be trusted.
+
+_4.--How Much Can You Afford?_
+
+It is said that a man may own a home worth one and one-half to two and
+one-half times his annual income but the payments you make during the
+first few years after purchasing are what you should pay most attention
+to. Rent ordinarily requires from ten per cent, to twenty-five, or even
+more, of a family's annual income. In addition to what you ordinarily
+pay for rent, you can devote your customary savings, or more, to paying
+off the principal of loans on your home.
+
+Following is an example: A man who earns $2,000 a year buys a house and
+lot costing $4,000. He has $1,000 cash to pay down on it, and obtains a
+loan of $3,000, or 75 per cent, of the value of the property, from a
+building and loan association.
+
+Cost per year for a $4,000 house (not including depreciation)
+
+  Payments on $3,000 B. & L. Shares at
+  1/2% a month or 6% a year (savings) $180.00 a year
+  Interest on $3,000 loan at 6%        180.00 "  "
+  Interest on $1,000 cash at $%         50.00 "  "
+  Taxes (vary locally)                  75.00 "  "
+  Insurance                              5.00 "  "
+  Upkeep at 1-1/2%                      60.00 "  "
+                                     --------
+                                      $550.00
+
+Of the total income of $2,000, the $550 represents 27-1/2% divided as
+follows: 18-1/2% for rent; 9% for savings. In about twelve years the
+loan is paid off, and the home owned free and clear.
+
+
+
+
+Zoning and What it Means to the Home
+
+By DR. JOHN M. GRIES
+
+CHIEF DIVISION OF BUILDING AND HOUSING, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
+
+
+Zoning helps home owners by establishing residential districts from
+which garages, and business and factory buildings are excluded.
+Apartments or houses covering more than 30 or 40 per cent. of the area
+of a lot may be prohibited in some sections. This all means a better
+and fairer chance for each family to have a home with enough light and
+air, and healthful, decent surroundings, near to schools, playgrounds
+and transportation facilities.
+
+It may be added that zoning, when wisely carried out, provides for
+grouping of neighborhood stores at convenient points, and for guided
+growth of business and industrial districts, in the directions best
+suited for them.
+
+In the words of the Advisory Committee on Zoning appointed by Secretary
+Hoover:
+
+"Zoning is the application of common sense and fairness to the public
+regulations governing the use of private real estate. It is a
+painstaking, honest effort to provide each district or neighborhood, as
+nearly as practicable, with just such protection and just such liberty
+as are sensible in that particular district. It avoids the error of
+trying to apply exactly the same building regulations to every part of
+a city or town regardless of whether it is a suburban residence section
+or a factory district, or a business and financial center.
+
+"Zoning gives everyone who lives or does business in a community a
+chance for the reasonable enjoyment of his rights. At the same time it
+protects him from unreasonable injury by neighbors who would seek
+private gain at his expense.
+
+"Zoning regulations differ in different districts according to the
+determined uses of the land for residence, business, or manufacturing,
+and according to the advisable heights and ground areas.
+
+"But these differing regulations are the same for all districts of the
+same type. They treat all men alike."
+
+But the benefits of zoning are not confined to safeguarding the home
+and its surroundings. It can reduce losses due to topsy-turvy growth of
+cities, and cut the cost of living. Every year millions of dollars are
+wasted in American cities from the scrapping of buildings in "blighted"
+districts. For instance, fine residential districts may be threatened
+by sporadic factories or junk yards, and owners may become panicky and
+sell at a sacrifice millions of dollars worth of valuable dwellings
+which will be left to stand practically idle. The public must pay for
+this loss in one way or another. Frequently money for street, sewers
+and other utilities need never be spent if it is known in advance that
+large factories are to occupy new developments. Industry and homes are
+both more efficient if kept generally separate, though separation need
+not mean great distances for workers to travel.
+
+"How has zoning worked?" "What has it accomplished?" About 70 cities
+and towns have adopted zoning ordinances since 1916, and the idea has
+worked well. Reliable authorities declare that "the New York zoning
+regulations have prevented vast depreciation in many districts and
+effected savings in values amounting to millions of dollars in
+established sections." The highest class residential districts in New
+York, in which only 30 per cent of the lot area may be used for
+dwellings, have developed with much greater confidence, due to the
+knowledge that houses built would be safe from invasion by apartments
+or industry.
+
+In St. Louis "it was found that residences tended to follow the
+residence districts, and did not even attempt to seek locations in
+industrial or unrestricted areas. Except commercial buildings which
+were built partly in commercial and partly in industrial districts, the
+development of St. Louis is said to be fitting itself very closely to
+the zoning plan.
+
+"In New Jersey it has been found that the unzoned suburban town is at a
+distinct disadvantage as compared with the community protected by a
+zoning ordinance."
+
+It is sometimes said that zoning is arbitrary and restricts the liberty
+of the individual to do as he wishes; but when zoning laws have been
+sensibly and comprehensively drawn, the courts have approved them as a
+reasonable exercise of the police power "for the public health, safety
+and general welfare."
+
+Zoning should always be undertaken in close relation to a city plan. It
+is essentially a neighborly proposition, and there should be
+neighborhood meetings to explain it and gather suggestions.
+
+The purpose of a zoning ordinance is to insure that growth, instead of
+taking place sporadically and wastefully, should go on in an orderly
+way in response to generally recognized needs, and with due notice to
+all concerned.
+
+Zoning today is giving security and the sense of security to hundreds
+of thousands of families in America, in the enjoyment of happy homes
+amid the right kind of surroundings.
+
+_Is your city zoned_?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Better Homes in America, by Mrs. W. B. Meloney
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Better Homes in America, by Mrs W.B. Meloney
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the
+copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing
+this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook.
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+**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
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+*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!*****
+
+
+Title: Better Homes in America
+
+Author: Mrs W.B. Meloney
+
+Release Date: April, 2005  [EBook #7992]
+[This file was first posted on June 10, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA ***
+
+
+
+
+E-text prepared by Joshua Hutchinson, Charles Franks, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA
+
+Plan Book
+
+_for Demonstration Week October 9 to 14, 1922_
+
+
+
+
+THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
+
+July 21, 1922.
+
+My dear Mrs. Meloney:
+
+I am directed by the President to assure you of his earnest endorsement
+of the Better Homes Campaign which has been launched by the Advisory
+Council and is being carried on by representative women of America. He
+regards the campaign as of particular importance, because it places
+emphasis not only upon home ownership, which he regards as absolutely
+elemental in the development of the best citizenship, but upon
+furnishing, sanitation and equipment of the home.
+
+The President feels that as many millions of dollars and the best minds
+of this generation have been devoted to improve factory conditions, the
+home is deserving of its share of the same intensive consideration.
+There are twenty millions of house-keepers in America. For them, the
+home is their industrial center as well as their place of abode, and it
+is felt that altogether too little attention has been paid to
+lightening the labors and bettering the working conditions of these
+women.
+
+The President feels that the women, who are so successfully conducting
+this campaign are entitled to all consideration and recognition, and he
+hopes that every community in America will exhibit a model home.
+
+Your sincerely,
+
+Secretary to the President.
+
+
+Mrs. W. B. Meloney, Sec'y., Advisory Council for Better Homes Campaign,
+223 Spring Street, New York City, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+BETTER HOMES DEMONSTRATION WEEK
+
+
+Advisory Council
+
+
+CALVIN COOLIDGE _Vice-President of the United States_
+
+HERBERT HOOVER _Secretary of Commerce_
+
+HENRY C. WALLACE _Secretary of Agriculture_
+
+JAMES JOHN DAVIS _Secretary of Labor_
+
+Dr. HUGH S. CUMMING _Surgeon-General United States Public Health
+Service_
+
+Dr. JOHN JAMES TIGERT _U. S. Commissioner of Education_
+
+C. W. PUGSLEY _Assistant Secretary of Agriculture_
+
+JOHN M. GRIES _Director Division of Building and Housing, Dept. of
+Commerce_
+
+JULIUS H. BARNES _President Chamber of Commerce of the United States_
+
+JOHN IHLDER _Director Housing Conditions, Chamber of Commerce of the
+United States_
+
+DONN BARBER _Fellow American Institute of Architects_
+
+JOHN BARTON PAYNE _Chairman Central Committee American Red Cross_
+
+LIVINGSTON FARRAND _Chairman National Health Council_
+
+Mrs. THOMAS G. WINTER _President General Federation of Women's Clubs_
+
+MRS. LENA LAKE FORREST _President National Federation of Business and
+Professional Women's Clubs_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Bureau of Information, THE DELINEATOR, 223 Spring Street
+
+
+
+
+IN AMERICA--October Ninth to Fourteenth
+
+
+Co-operating Governors
+
+
+ALASKA SCOTT C. BONE, _Governor_
+ARIZONA THOS. E. CAMPBELL, _Governor_
+ARKANSAS T. C. McRAE, _Governor_
+COLORADO O. H. SHOUP, _Governor_
+FLORIDA CARY A. HARDEE, _Governor_
+IDAHO D. W. DAVIS, _Governor_
+INDIANA W. T. McCRAY, _Governor_
+KANSAS HENRY J. ALLEN, _Governor_
+KENTUCKY E. P. MORROW, _Governor_
+MARYLAND A. C. RITCHIE, _Governor_
+MASSACHUSETTS C. H. COX, _Governor_
+MISSISSIPPI LEE M. RUSSELL, _Governor_
+MISSOURI A. M. HYDE, _Governor_
+NEBRASKA S. R. McKELVlE, _Governor_
+NEVADA E. D. BOYLE, _Governor_
+OHIO H. L. DAVIS, _Governor_
+OREGON B. W. OLCOTT, _Governor_
+PENNSYLVANIA W. C. SPROUL, _Governor_
+SOUTH CAROLINA WILSON G. HARVEY, _Governor_
+SOUTH DAKOTA W. H. McMASTER, _Governor_
+TENNESSEE ALFRED A. TAYLOR, _Governor_
+UTAH CHAS. R. MABEY, _Governor_
+VERMONT JAMES HARTNESS, _Governor_
+VIRGINIA E. L. TRINKLE, _Governor_
+WYOMING ROBERT D. CAREY, _Governor_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+New York City Secretary, Mrs. William Brown Meloney
+
+
+
+
+_Better Homes_
+
+
+_By_ CALVIN COOLIDGE
+
+We spend too much time in longing for the things that are far off and
+too little in the enjoyment of the things that are near at hand. We
+live too much in dreams and too little in realities. We cherish too
+many impossible projects of setting worlds in order, which are bound to
+fail. We consider too little plans for putting our own households in
+order, which might easily be made to succeed. A large part of our
+seeming ills would be dispelled if we could but turn from the visionary
+to the practical. We need the influence of vision, we need the
+inspiring power of ideals, but all these are worthless unless they can
+be translated into positive actions.
+
+The world has been through a great spiritual and moral awakening in
+these last few years. There are those who fear that this may all be
+dissipated. It will be unless it can be turned into something actual.
+In our own country conditions have developed which make this more than
+ever easy of accomplishment. It ought to be expressed not merely in
+official and public deeds, but in personal and private actions. It must
+come through a realization that the great things of life are not
+reserved for the enjoyment of a few, but are within the reach of all.
+
+There are two shrines at which mankind has always worshipped, must
+always worship: the altar which represents religion, and the
+hearthstone which represents the home.
+
+These are the product of fixed beliefs and fixed modes of living. They
+have not grown up by accident; they are the means, deliberate, mature,
+sanctified, by which the human race, in harmony with its own great
+nature, is developed and perfected. They are at once the source and the
+result of the inborn longing for what is completed, for what has that
+finality and security required to give to society the necessary element
+of stability.
+
+The genius of America has long been directed to the construction of
+great highways and railroads, the erection of massive buildings for the
+promotion of trade and the transaction of public business. It has
+supplied hospitals, institutions of learning and places of religious
+worship. All of these are worthy of the great effort and the sustained
+purpose which alone has made them possible. They contribute to the
+general welfare of all the people, but they are all too detached, too
+remote; they do not make the necessary contribution of a feeling of
+proprietorship and ownership. They do not complete the circuit. They
+are for the people, but not of the people. They do not satisfy that
+longing which exists in every human breast to be able to say: "This is
+mine."
+
+We believe in American institutions. We believe that they are justified
+by the light of reason, and by the result of experience. We believe in
+the right of self-government. We believe in the protection of the
+personal rights of life and liberty and the enjoyment of the rewards of
+industry. We believe in the right to acquire, to hold, and transmit
+property. We believe in all that which is represented under the general
+designation of a republic.
+
+But while we hold that these principles are sound we do not claim that
+they have yet become fully established. We do not claim that our
+institutions are yet perfected.
+
+It is of little avail to assert that there is an inherent right to own
+property unless there is an open opportunity that this right may be
+enjoyed in a fair degree by all. That which is referred to in such
+critical terms as capitalism cannot prevail unless it is adapted to the
+general requirements. Unless it be of the people it will cease to have
+a place under our institutions, even as slavery ceased.
+
+It is time to demonstrate more effectively that property is of the
+people. It is time to transfer some of the approbation and effort that
+has gone into the building of public works to the building,
+ornamenting, and owning of private homes by the people at large--
+attractive, worthy, permanent homes.
+
+Society rests on the home. It is the foundation of our institutions.
+Around it are gathered all the cherished memories of childhood, the
+accomplishments of maturity, and the consolations of age. So long as a
+people hold the home sacred they will be in the possession of a
+strength of character which it will be impossible to destroy.
+
+Apparently the world at large, certainly our own country, is turning
+more and more for guidance to that wisdom born of affection which we
+call the intuition of woman. Her first thought is always of the home.
+Her first care is for its provision. As our laws and customs are
+improved by her influence, it is likely to be first in the direction of
+greater facility for acquiring, and greater security in holding a home.
+
+Some of the fine enthusiasm which was developed by the required
+sacrifices of war may well find a new expression in turning towards the
+making of the home. It is the final answer to every challenge of the
+soundness of the fundamental principles of our institutions. It holds
+the assurance and prospect of contentment and of satisfaction.
+
+Under present conditions any ambition of America to become a nation of
+home owners would be by no means impossible of fulfillment. The land is
+available, the materials are at hand, the necessary accumulation of
+credit exists, the courage, the endurance and the sacrifice of the
+people are not wanting. Let them begin, however slender their means,
+the building and perfecting of the national character by the building
+and adorning of a home which shall be worthy of the habitation of an
+American family, calm in the assurance that "the gods send thread for a
+web begun."
+
+Here will be found that satisfaction which comes from possession and
+achievement. Here is the opportunity to express the soul in art. Here
+is the Sacred influence, here in the earth at our feet, around the
+hearthstone, which raises man to his true estate.
+
+(Signed) Calvin Coolidge
+
+
+
+
+THE HOME AS AN INVESTMENT
+
+By HERBERT HOOVER
+
+
+One can always safely judge of the character of a nation by its homes.
+For it is mainly through the hope of enjoying the ownership of a home
+that the latent energy of any citizenry is called forth. This universal
+yearning for better homes and the larger security, independence and
+freedom that they imply, was the aspiration that carried our pioneers
+westward. Since the preemption acts passed early in the last century,
+the United States, in its land laws, has recognized and put a premium
+upon this great incentive. It has stimulated the building of rural
+homes through the wide distribution of land under the Homestead Acts
+and by the distribution of credit through the Farm Loan Banks. Indeed,
+this desire for home ownership has, without question, stimulated more
+people to purposeful saving than any other factor. Saving, in the
+abstract, is, of course, a perfunctory process as compared with
+purposeful saving for a home, the possession of which may change the
+very physical, mental, and moral fibre of one's own children.
+
+Now, in the main because of the diversion of our economic strength from
+permanent construction to manufacturing of consumable commodities
+during and after the war, we are short about a million homes. In cities
+such a shortage implies the challenge of congestion. It means that in
+practically every American city of more than 200,000, from 20 to 30 per
+cent, of the population is adversely affected, and that thousands of
+families are forced into unsanitary and dangerous quarters. This
+condition, in turn, means a large increase in rents, a throw-back in
+human efficiency and that unrest which inevitably results from
+inhibition of the primal instinct in us all for home ownership. It
+makes for nomads and vagrants. In rural areas it means aggravation and
+increase of farm tenantry on one hand, an increase of landlordism on
+the other hand, and general disturbance to the prosperity and
+contentment of rural life.
+
+There is no incentive to thrift like the ownership of property. The man
+who owns his own home has a happy sense of security. He will invest his
+hard earned savings to improve the house he owns. He will develop it
+and defend it. No man ever worked for, or fought for a boarding-house.
+
+But the appalling anomaly of a nation as prosperous as ours thwarted
+largely in its common yearning for better homes, is now giving way to
+the gratifying revival of home construction. Accordingly the time is
+ripe for this revival to afford an opportunity to our people to look to
+more homes and better ones, to better, more economical and more uniform
+building codes, and to universal establishment and application of
+zoning rules that make for the development of better towns and cities.
+We have the productive capacity wasted annually in the United States
+sufficient to raise in large measure the housing conditions of our
+entire people to the level that only fifty per cent, of them now enjoy.
+We have wastes in the building industry itself which, if constructively
+applied, would go a long way toward supplying better homes, so that
+what is needed imperatively is organized intelligence and direction.
+For the problem is essentially one of ways and means.
+
+And, finally, while we are about Better Homes for America and are
+lending such indirect support to the movement as the Government,
+States, counties, communities, and patriotic individuals and
+organizations can rightfully give, let us have in mind not houses
+merely, but homes! There is a large distinction. It may have been a
+typesetter who confounded the two words. For, curiously, with all our
+American ingenuity and resourcefulness, we have overlooked the laundry
+and the kitchen, and thrown the bulk of our efforts in directions other
+than those designed to make better homes by adding to the facilities of
+our very habitations. If, in other words, the family is the unit of
+modern civilization, the home, its shelter and gathering-point, should,
+it would seem, warrant in its design and furnishing quite as large a
+share of attention as the power plant or the factory.
+
+We believe, therefore, that in every community in which it is possible
+a "_Better Homes in America_" Demonstration should be planned and
+carried through during the week of October 9th to 14th, 1922.
+
+(Signed) Herbert Hoover
+
+
+
+
+THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
+
+WASHINGTON
+
+July 24, 1922.
+
+Dear Mrs. Meloney:
+
+Naturally I am interested in the "Better Homes in America" movement.
+When we consider the all powerful influence of home conditions and home
+atmosphere on the lives and character of our people, both young and
+old, surely every proper effort to improve those conditions should have
+the support of all good citizens.
+
+Our people in the Department of Agriculture will be glad to advise with
+your committee chairmen on any matters in which they can lend
+assistance. Our home demonstration agents in different sections of the
+country can no doubt be helpful in advising as to the setting up of
+demonstration kitchens.
+
+You seem to have gathered to your help the cooperation of a large
+number of state governors and also a number of other gentlemen who,
+because of their public work, can possibly contribute to the success of
+the campaign.
+
+With very best wishes, I am
+
+Sincerely yours,
+
+[Signature]
+
+
+Mrs. William Brown Meloney,
+  Secretary to the Advisory Council
+  for the "Better Homes" Campaign,
+    223 Spring Street,
+    New York City.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: DEMONSTRATION OF BETTER. HOMES--October 9 to 14, 1922]
+
+
+A PLAN for COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION of BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA
+
+_Demonstration Week October 9th to 14th, 1922_
+
+
+_The future history of America will be shaped in large measure by the
+character of its homes. If we continue to be a home-loving people we
+shall have the strength that comes only from a virile family life. This
+means that our homes must be attractive, comfortable, convenient,
+wholesome. They must keep pace with the progress made outside the home.
+Realization of this has crystallized into a national civic campaign for
+Better Homes in America endorsed and encouraged by Federal and State
+officials and by prominent men in public life as set forth in this Plan
+Book._
+
+The following plan has been prepared to give practical help to citizens
+of any community organizing for a _Better Homes in America_
+Demonstration Week, October 9th to 14th, 1922.
+
+The Campaign in each community centers about a _Better Home_--
+completely equipped, furnished and decorated, in accordance with
+approved modern practice, and placed on exhibition during Demonstration
+Week.
+
+Better Homes exhibitions have already been held, but now for the first
+time a national organization, endorsed and supported by the President
+of the United States and other Federal and State officials, is prepared
+to give practical help to every community wishing to share in the
+_Better Homes in America_ movement.
+
+The community which exhibits a _Better Home_ during Demonstration
+Week will be given a powerful impetus for good. Every civic interest,
+every business and industry will be favorably affected. A _Better
+Homes_ demonstration is a stimulus to better living, civic pride and
+community morale. It encourages thrift and industry. It develops a
+higher standard of taste. It means a better community in every way.
+This has been proved by the experience of many communities which have
+held successful exhibitions. They have ranged from cities as large as
+Cleveland, Milwaukee, Columbus, Kansas City and Dayton to villages of a
+few hundred population. In every case where the demonstration has been
+properly organized lasting benefits have followed.
+
+
+_Follow the Plan_
+
+
+The National Advisory Council of _Better Homes in America_,
+through its Bureau of Information, has made a thorough investigation of
+previous exhibitions of this character.
+
+This investigation has shown clearly that when the local organizations
+proceed in the right way a _Better Homes_ demonstration may easily
+be made a great success. Causes of trouble as well as of success have
+been analyzed to bring out the methods that should be avoided. The
+Advisory Council, therefore, is in a position to recommend plans that
+have stood the test of practical experience.
+
+With Federal and State governments endorsing and encouraging this Plan
+of educating the people to _Better Homes in America_, the conduct
+of local demonstrations is given tremendous impetus and support. And
+with the suggestions and the Plan for conducting such demonstrations
+herewith presented, any community may confidently undertake the
+production of a _Better Homes_ Exhibition during Demonstration
+Week, October 9th to 14th, 1922.
+
+A comparatively few energetic and capable women, with the support of
+local civic organizations, can effectively put into practice the ideas
+and plans with which they will be supplied by the Bureau of
+Information. The expense of a _Better Home_ demonstration need not
+be great; in some communities it may be kept as low as $25.00.
+Builders, merchants and prominent citizens will combine to supply the
+Model _Better Home_, and to furnish it. Civic organizations and
+newspapers will cooperate to interest the public.
+
+The most successful demonstrations have been so managed as to impress
+upon visitors that they were not selfish enterprises, intended to help
+special interests, particular firms or individuals. They have been so
+conducted as to benefit every line of business and to help the
+community as a whole. Neither the name of the builder or owner of the
+home exhibited, nor the name of any person or business firm furnishing
+any portion of the exhibit, is permitted to be displayed.
+
+The motive behind the demonstration is primarily educational.
+
+
+_How to Form a General Committee for Better Homes Demonstration
+Week_
+
+
+A Better Homes Demonstration should be organized and directed by a
+disinterested group of prominent women, working from motives of public
+service. This group should be formed of a Chairman and a General
+Committee of from four to seven members, depending upon the size of the
+community.
+
+Each member of the General Committee is Chairman of one or more sub-
+committees as outlined later in this Plan.
+
+The Chairman of the General Committee is appointed through the National
+Advisory Council of _Better Homes in America_. She appoints the
+members of the local General Committee. They in turn appoint the
+members of the Sub-committees. In the case of the Sub-committees it is
+particularly important that appointments should be made with the
+knowledge and approval of the local civic and commercial interests
+whose co-operation is desired. Detailed suggestions for procedure are
+outlined later.
+
+The duties of the members of the General Committee fit naturally into
+the following arrangement of Sub-committees with a member of the
+General Committee as Chairman of each Sub-committee:
+
+  (1) Sub-committee on Advertising and Publicity.
+  (2) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home.
+  (3) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home.
+  (4) Sub-committee on Furnishing and Decorating.
+  (5) Sub-committee on Reception of Visitors and Management of Home.
+  (6) Sub-committee on Program of Events.
+  (7) Sub-committee on Budget for Demonstration Week.
+
+Where the size of the community makes it desirable to have a General
+Committee of only four members, some such distribution of the Sub-
+committees as this is recommended:
+
+  (1) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Advertising and Publicity; and
+    (b) Sub-committee on Progress of Events.
+  (2) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home; and
+    (b) Sub-committee on Furnishing and Decorating.
+  (3) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home; and
+    (b) Sub-committee on Reception of Visitors and Management of Home.
+  (4) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading
+    (a) Sub-committee on Budget for Demonstration Week.
+
+
+_How To Secure Patrons for Better Homes Demonstration; Full
+Cooperation of All Local Interests Essential_
+
+
+Following the organization of the General Committee, the first duty of
+its Chairman should be the arrangement for meetings of the Committee--
+or its individual members--with the various City Officials, and Civic
+and Commercial Organizations in the community, to explain the Plan for
+a _Better Homes_ Demonstration and to secure their endorsement and
+active support.
+
+Those endorsing and supporting the Demonstration may be known as
+Patrons and should comprise the following:
+
+  The Mayor Commissioner of Education (or Superintendent of Public School)
+  Publishers or Owners of Local Newspapers
+  Presidents of Important Women's Clubs
+  President of Chamber of Commerce Agricultural Home Bureau, etc.
+  President of Real Estate Board
+  President of Rotary Club
+  President of Kiwanis Club
+  Presidents of Building & Loan Associations
+  Presidents of other Business or Trade Associations related to the
+Home Building and Furnishing Industries.
+
+Churches should also be asked to support the movement.
+
+Additional Patrons may properly be selected from prominent citizens of
+the community, who are noted for their public spirit and are not
+included in the above list.
+
+The two essentials for a successful _Better Homes in America_
+Demonstration are genuine co-operation from all local civic, financial,
+commercial and educational interests, and full and extensive publicity
+through the local newspapers. From the youngest boy or girl scout to
+bank president, business man, school teacher, minister, manufacturer
+and city official, everybody in a community should have a real personal
+interest in the Demonstration. When the benefits of a successful
+_Better Homes_ Demonstration are once understood this interest is
+readily aroused.
+
+Investigation of successful exhibitions in Kansas City, Indianapolis,
+Cleveland and elsewhere proved conclusively that the cooperation of all
+local interests was the biggest single factor of success.
+
+
+_How to Form Sub-Committees_
+
+
+It is important to appoint as Chairman of each Sub-committee a member
+of the General Committee who is particularly fitted to the specific
+work assigned to her Sub-committee. The special abilities of the
+members of the General Committee should be taken into careful
+consideration and so used in the arrangement of the Sub-committees as
+to secure the best and quickest results.
+
+The formation of Sub-committees is necessary not only to divide the
+work effectively, but also to arouse the interest and cooperation of
+the various local interests directly affected by home building and home
+betterment. All the local business groups--furniture dealers, hardware
+dealers, wall-paper and paint dealers, electrical dealers, real estate
+dealers, etc.--should be interviewed and asked to nominate a
+representative from each group to serve on the appropriate Sub-
+committee. In this way the appearance of favoring special interests
+will be avoided and the fullest co-operation secured.
+
+It may be well to stress here that the Chairman of the General
+Committee should not become immersed in the details of the Sub-
+committees' work. She establishes a point of contact and a clearing
+house for _all_ Sub-committees and directs the _Better Homes_
+Demonstration as a whole, but not in detail. Neither should the
+Chairman of a Sub-committee attempt to enter into details of the work
+of other Sub-committees not under her direction. The Chairman of each
+Sub-committee is responsible to the Chairman of the General Committee,
+and to her alone.
+
+Suggestions for the formation and activities of the various Sub-
+committees are given in the following:
+
+
+_I--How to Form Sub-Committee on Budget for Demonstration Week_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is the Chairman.
+
+This Sub-committee should be made up of prominent citizens,
+representing both the financial and mercantile interests of the
+community. It would be appropriate to secure a Bank Cashier, who is
+accustomed to keeping accurate records of receipts and expenses, to act
+as Vice-chairman of the Sub-Committee. He may also act as Treasurer of
+the General Committee. This committee should have charge not only of
+the securing of the modest expense fund necessary for Demonstration
+Week, but also of the recording of facts and figures regarding the
+operation of the Demonstration Home, and the results obtained. Such a
+record will be exceedingly useful to the local General Committee as
+well as the National Advisory Council. Accurate figures on the local
+_Better Homes_ Demonstrations will be invaluable in continuing the
+_Better Homes_ in America Campaign, and arrangements have been
+made for prizes to be given to those Committees submitting the best
+reports and records of successful demonstrations.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+There will be certain general expenses incurred in conducting a
+_Better Homes_ Demonstration. These general expenses may range
+from $25 to $500 or more, depending upon the size of the committee and
+the extensiveness and completeness of the Demonstration.
+
+Some of the items of expense which may be incurred are: insurance of
+borrowed property; special advertising in the form of street signs,
+window cards and posters; printing; prizes for contests; lecturers,
+and, possibly, special forms of entertainment.
+
+In many communities where Demonstrations have been held, the small
+contributions necessary have been readily volunteered by the various
+organizations, business firms or individuals directly interested in the
+financing and furnishing of homes. Contributions may be secured from
+bankers, stores, public utilities, real estate dealers, building
+material dealers, insurance men, etc. The amounts contributed by the
+various interests should be carefully apportioned and only a
+sufficient sum collected to pay the actual expenses of the
+Demonstration.
+
+In Dayton and other cities it was found that volunteer contributions
+were readily made by manufacturers of, or dealers in, trade-marked
+articles, such as pianos, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, electrical
+equipment, etc. As these articles, because of the trade name affixed,
+received special advertising in the Demonstration Home, it was
+considered proper to accept contributions from the dealers. The
+selection of trade-marked articles which may be shown in a
+Demonstration Home should be made in a disinterested manner by the
+Subcommittee on Equipment.
+
+
+_2--How to Form Sub-Committee on Advertising and Publicity_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The success of the Demonstration rests largely upon the thoroughness
+with which this Committee does its work. It should, therefore, be
+composed of all of the Publishers or Advertising Managers of local
+Newspapers, and the Advertising Managers of Department Stores and other
+large business houses. The fullest co-operation should be secured from
+all the local publishing and advertising interests.
+
+Local newspapers will gladly aid a _Better Homes_ Demonstration,
+for such an exhibition presents unusual opportunities for selling
+advertising space to local merchants. In some of the cities where
+Demonstrations have been held, the newspapers have brought out large
+special editions carrying a great amount of local advertising, and
+filled with interesting and instructive reading matter regarding home
+building and home betterment.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+The campaign publicity should commence with an announcement of the
+organization of the General Committee and the selection of Patrons. It
+should be continued, in advance of the opening of the Demonstration
+Home, by the use of reading matter descriptive of home planning,
+furnishing, decoration and equipment.
+
+The local newspapers should co-operate with the Sub-committee in seeing
+that advertisements of exhibitors during the demonstration week do not
+mention the fact that the advertiser is an exhibitor. This, of course,
+should not preclude the general advertising of goods suitable for the
+equipment or furnishing of _Better Homes_. This regulation is in
+line with the non-commercial policy of the campaign, and merchants will
+readily understand its fairness.
+
+This Sub-committee should provide painted signs announcing the location
+of the Exhibition Home. These signs should be placed at neighboring
+street intersections. Signs in the form of arrow pointers should be
+tacked on telephone poles in all parts of the city pointing in the
+direction of the Demonstration Home and announcing its exact location.
+
+Automobile Posters or Banners for the cars of the members of the
+Committee may be furnished by local sign painters or printers.
+
+The Committee should also see that show cards advertising the
+Demonstration are properly distributed and displayed in store windows
+and that posters are put up in suitable public places.
+
+Show cards, posters and stickers bearing the imprint of the _Better
+Homes in America_ campaign, with space left for local announcements,
+may be obtained by application to the Bureau of Information, _The
+Delineator_, 223 Spring Street, New York City, Secretary, Mrs.
+William Brown Meloney.
+
+A circular descriptive of the show cards, posters and stickers may also
+be obtained through the Bureau of Information, which has arranged to
+have this advertising display matter prepared for the use of local
+Committees. It is strongly recommended that these posters and cards be
+used in order to standardize the various local Demonstrations.
+
+The stickers should be widely distributed among local merchants for use
+on city mail during the week preceding and the week of the campaign.
+
+Small electrotypes of the _Better Homes in America_ campaign
+insignia, or trade-mark, may be obtained through the Bureau of
+Information for use on printed matter and in newspapers. They are shown
+in the circular descriptive of the advertising display material.
+
+
+_3--How to Form Sub-Committee on Selection of Demonstration Home_
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The selection of the home to be used for the Demonstration should be
+made by a _disinterested_ committee. Experience has shown that
+this is the only satisfactory method, as all personal interests are
+thus eliminated and criticism avoided.
+
+Previous experience also indicates that this Sub-committee, with a
+member of the General Committee as Chairman, of course, should be
+composed of the President of the local Real Estate Board (if there is
+one in the community), a representative of the Chamber of Commerce or
+Merchants Association, a representative architect, and a representative
+of the Building Material Dealers. Here again is illustrated the
+importance of securing the full co-operation of the various groups of
+business men directly affected by home building and owning. These
+groups should be interviewed and each group asked to appoint its
+representative on this committee. When the National campaign for
+_Better Homes in America_, and the Plan as outlined here, have
+been clearly explained to these interests, a Sub-committee for
+selecting the Demonstration Home may be organized, which will act
+disinterestedly and effectively.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+The three cardinal principles to be observed in the selection of a
+Demonstration Home are: first, situation with respect to accessibility
+and nearness to street car lines; second, type of architecture; and
+third, cost.
+
+A Demonstration Home should be situated within a reasonable distance of
+the business section of a community, and it should not be more than
+four blocks from the nearest street car line. In a city where the
+Demonstration Home was selected some eight blocks from the car line and
+upon a hill, the attendance was disappointingly small. The
+Demonstration Home should not be situated in the outskirts of a
+community. This was found to be a disadvantage in a city where a
+Demonstration Home was selected in a new, partially developed suburb,
+some distance from the city limits.
+
+An extreme type of architecture should be avoided in a Demonstration
+Home.
+
+With respect to the cost of the home selected, it has been shown in a
+number of cities that a house priced slightly above the average cost of
+homes in the community attracted the larger number of visitors. The
+public apparently likes to visit a home costing more than the average,
+because of a desire to see and admire better things. Demonstration
+Homes, therefore, may range in price from $5,000 to $15,000, including
+the land, but not including the furnishings and equipment.
+
+Other essentials of an ideal home for demonstration purposes are fully
+outlined in an article prepared by direction of Secretary of Commerce
+Hoover and included in this Plan Book on pages 7 and 8. The builder or
+owner of the Home selected should be willing to loan it to the General
+Committee for the Demonstration Week, without charge. He should also be
+willing to landscape the grounds, decorate the walls and carry all
+insurance and damage risks. This has been gladly done by builders in
+Syracuse, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Kansas City and elsewhere. There is no
+better selling method for homes than that of putting on display a
+completely furnished and equipped home.
+
+If the entire plan of campaign is explained to the builder or owner of
+a suitable home, and the advantages of indirect selling methods are
+pointed out to him, his co-operation will be readily secured.
+
+The name of the builder or owner is not to be displayed on the
+Demonstration Home in any manner, shape or form, nor is his name to be
+carried in any of the advertising during the campaign.
+
+This will do away with all appearance of favoritism in the choice of
+the house to be used. It is proper, however, to insert a reading notice
+in the newspapers announcing the selection of the Demonstration Home
+and giving the name of the owner or builder. No further reference
+should be made to him in any of the advertising matter during
+Demonstration Week, though the attendants in the home may properly give
+his name to any person inquiring for it.
+
+
+_4--How to Form Sub-Committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The selection and installation of all practicable labor-saving devices
+and appliances in the Demonstration Home is left to this Sub-committee.
+It should be composed of representatives of dealers in home equipment,
+architects, builders, and, if possible, a Home Demonstration agent of
+the Agricultural Department. (See announcement of special co-operation
+of Department of Agriculture by Secretary Wallace on page 9).
+
+
+_Suggestions for Sub-Committee_
+
+
+On pages 47-49 will be found a statement of the best modern practise in
+the equipment of a home permitting the most efficient and economical
+housekeeping.
+
+It is probable that many communities will be unable to equip the
+Demonstration Home completely, in accordance with the standards laid
+down. So far as practicable these suggestions should be followed, but
+local conditions and the stock of equipment carried by local dealers
+may require some modifications in detail.
+
+_5--How to Form Sub-Committee on Furnishing and Decorating_
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman. In the selection of
+this Sub-committee the greatest care must be taken to secure the
+cooperation of all the business firms and individuals concerned in the
+furnishing and decorating of homes. Each group--furniture dealers,
+hardware dealers, paint and wallpaper dealers, department stores (if
+any), decorators (if any), art and book stores--should be interviewed
+on this important subject and asked to appoint representatives to serve
+on this Subcommittee.
+
+_Suggestions for Sub-Committee_
+
+In order to maintain the non-commercial aspect of Demonstration Week,
+no exhibitor's name should be displayed on any article shown in the
+Demonstration Home. No price tags should be permitted on any article.
+In this way all appearance of commercialism is avoided. This feature
+will appeal to the fair and broad-minded merchant and will secure the
+enthusiastic support of all the merchants in the community, no matter
+how small their business may be.
+
+The attendants at the Home, in response to inquiries as to where
+certain articles may be secured, should be instructed to reply that
+they may be had from the inquirer's own dealer or from any dealer in
+the city.
+
+In Dayton this non-commercial plan was wonderfully successful.
+
+In communities where suitable furnishings and decorations are not
+obtainable from the local stores they may be borrowed from public
+spirited citizens, who have such articles as are adapted to the scheme
+of decoration and furnishing. For the guidance of the Sub-committee,
+which may not include expert decorators or furnishers as members,
+practical suggestions on good furnishing and decorating have been set
+forth on pages 30-42 of this Plan Book. These suggestions will
+undoubtedly prove helpful in assembling the furnishings and decorations
+for a Demonstration Home. If more detailed information is required,
+write to the Bureau of Information, _The Delineator_, 223 Spring
+Street, New York City, Secretary, Mrs. William Brown Meloney.
+
+In all cases the basement of the Demonstration Home should be very
+carefully arranged, equipped and prepared for exhibition.
+
+The furnishing of the Demonstration Home should include well-selected,
+standard home literature and reference books, properly arranged in
+book-cases or on shelves. A printed list of this selected library may
+be supplied for distribution to the visitors.
+
+
+_6--How to Form Sub-Committee on Management and Reception_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman.
+
+The members of this Sub-committee should be selected for their ability
+to manage the Demonstration Home and to receive and care for the
+visitors. It may be composed of representatives of the various women's
+organizations in the city.
+
+In order to insure the keeping of accurate records of attendance, one
+or more bank tellers should be members of the Sub-committee.
+
+This Sub-committee is to provide the attendants at the Demonstration
+Home and to handle the visitors in such a way as to avoid confusion and
+damage. It should also keep an accurate record of attendance, of
+interesting inquiries and the general results. It should report in
+detail to the Budget Committee, so that the General Committee may have
+an opportunity to compete for the prizes offered for the best report of
+a successful Demonstration.
+
+
+_Suggestions for the Sub-Committee_
+
+
+During the hours of exhibition the Demonstration Home should be in
+charge of a capable woman of suitable personality. This may be a
+volunteer, or a paid worker, for the entire week, or several volunteer
+workers may undertake the management of the Home, having definite days
+of attendance assigned to them.
+
+The hours of exhibition should be from 1:00 to 10:00 p.m. continuously.
+It has been found in exhibitions that the home need not be kept open
+during the morning hours. During this period it may be cleaned and
+placed in readiness for visitors.
+
+An attendant for the bedrooms and two attendants for the first floor--
+one in the hall or living room and the other in the dining room and
+kitchen--will be required to direct and control the visitors and to
+keep the house in perfect order during the exhibition hours. These
+attendants may be club or committee members who volunteer their
+services for certain days in the week.
+
+It has been noted in several exhibitions that visitors usually
+congregate at certain hours in the afternoon and evening, and
+frequently overcrowd upon the lawns. It is necessary, therefore, to
+erect light guard rails along the sidewalk leading from the street to
+the house. And it may sometimes be necessary to have an outside
+attendant who will keep the visitors in an orderly line of entrance.
+This is work that may very well be performed by Boy Scouts.
+
+During times of congestion visitors should be taken through the house
+in groups not to exceed fifteen in number. They should be conducted
+through the rooms in an orderly manner by the attendants. In some cases
+it has been found advisable to send the visitors to the second floor
+first, so that they may depart through the kitchen after inspecting the
+first floor and basement. Girl Scouts may be used for conducting the
+visitors through the home.
+
+A careful check on the attendance at the Demonstration Home should be
+kept. This can best be done by assigning a Boy or Girl Scout to count
+the visitors as they enter the home and keep an accurate tally, which
+should be reported to the manager in charge. In some cities it has been
+found that a list of visitors to the home may be readily obtained by
+having them register upon a numbered card, which can be used for a
+drawing contest--a prize being awarded to the lucky number. In smaller
+communities where the attendance will not be large at any one time the
+names of visitors may be kept in a small register or list book.
+
+
+_7--How to Form Sub-Committee on Program of Events_
+
+
+A member of the General Committee is Chairman. This Sub-committee
+should be composed of persons who are particularly capable in arranging
+programs of entertainment, and may be selected from members of the
+Board of Education, School Principals and Teachers, Theatrical and
+Moving Picture Managers, Community and Song Leaders, etc.
+
+
+_The Following Events Are Suggested_
+
+
+1--Sermons, Addresses and Sunday School talks in all churches on the
+Sunday preceding the opening of the exhibition.
+
+2--Color slides relating to home owning, home management, home
+furnishing and decoration to be shown in moving picture houses.
+
+3--Four-Minute Talks on thrift, home owning, home financing, home
+furnishing, home decoration, etc., in all moving picture houses.
+
+4--Block Parties in front of the Demonstration Home. Lights for the
+block party may be supplied from the headlights and searchlights of
+automobiles properly arranged.
+
+5--Window Dressing Contests for hardware merchants, house furnishing
+merchants, department stores, etc.
+
+6--Erection of Miniature Home, suitable for a girl's playhouse, on
+Public Square--this playhouse may be given as first prize to the girl
+of school age writing the best essay on "Why You Should Own Your Home."
+
+7--Showing special _Better Homes_ films in all moving picture
+houses. (See special announcement on page 24.)
+
+8--Prizes for the best example of a Model Kitchen in the community.
+
+9--Cooking Demonstrations by Home Demonstration Agent, or some well-
+known local cook, High School or Normal School student.
+
+10--Singing by Choir or Quartette on porch of Demonstration Home each
+evening at about 7:30 and 8:00 o'clock.
+
+11--(a) Guessing contest as to how many visitors enter Demonstration
+Home.
+
+11--(b) Prize for best essay by a boy on Home Owning.
+    (c) Prize for best essay by a girl on Home Equipment or Furnishing.
+    (d) Prize for best landscape design for Small Home by High School
+or Art student.
+
+12--Radio Program at Demonstration Home, or elsewhere in the city.
+
+13--Lectures on Home Equipment, Decoration or Furnishing by experts, in
+local auditorium. It has been found that admission to these lectures
+may be charged, to help defray the expense of lecturers.
+
+
+_Lecture Courses and Lectures_
+
+
+Lectures on Home Building, Furnishing, Decoration and allied subjects
+have been found to attract large audiences in cities where they have
+been given under the auspices of local organizations. Undoubtedly many
+communities co-operating in the _Better Homes in America_
+Demonstration Week, October 9th to 14th, will desire to include in
+their program of events lectures on _Better Homes_ subjects.
+
+
+
+
+_Better Homes in America Bureau of Information
+
+The Delineator 223 Spring Street, New York City
+
+Secretary,_ Mrs. WILLIAM BROWN MELONEY
+
+
+The Bureau of Information has been established to support and
+coordinate the work of local _Better Homes in America_ committees.
+
+Additional copies of this Plan Book may be obtained from the Bureau of
+Information.
+
+Other data and material will be supplied as indicated in the Plan Book.
+
+Bulletins will be sent out from time to time to keep local committees
+posted on the national development of the _Better Homes in
+America_ campaign.
+
+In the following pages of the Plan Book are special articles prepared
+by governmental and other authorities on various phases of home
+building, equipment, decorating, sanitation, etc. The Bureau of
+Information will either answer inquiries in regard to any of these
+special articles or, when necessary, will refer the questions to the
+authors of the articles.
+
+
+
+
+MOTION PICTURE PRODUCERS & DISTRIBUTORS OF AMERICA, INC.
+
+522 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY
+
+  WILL H. HAYS president
+  COURTLAND SMITH SECRETARY
+  Telephone Vandebilt 2110
+
+  July 19, 1922
+
+Mrs. W. B. Meloney, 233 Spring Street, New York City.
+
+
+My dear Mrs. Meloney:
+
+I am immensely interested in the Better Homes Campaign. This is
+something that the motion picture industry should be interested in and
+I am sure that they will want to be.
+
+I would like to help you to have available for your Better Homes week,
+October 9-14, pictures that would show clearly just what the modern
+home should be.
+
+I am glad that the Better Homes Council has had such an encouraging
+response from the governors of the various states and from the women of
+this country. Certainly it is a matter to which all of us should give
+our very best. It will have an enduring influence on the lives of our
+people and it is one of the most creditable movements that I know of.
+
+I have a little home in Sullivan, Indiana, that we are most anxious to
+equip in just exactly the best way, and I am as much interested as any
+one could be in learning how this should be done, so I am looking
+forward to October 9-14 with much interest.
+
+With best wishes always, I am,
+
+Sincerely yours,
+
+[Signature]
+
+
+
+
+Essentials for Demonstration Home Suggestions on Buildings and Grounds
+
+By JOHN IHLDER
+
+DIRECTOR, HOUSING CONDITIONS, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES
+
+
+Different parts of the country have quite distinct types of one-family
+dwellings. The best, unquestionably, is the detached house with
+adequate yard space on all four sides; the house which gets sun and air
+no matter which way it faces or what the direction of the prevailing
+breeze; the house whose yard makes it possible for the family, and
+especially for the children, to live much in the open. But, though this
+is the best type, it may prove impracticable for people of moderate
+means in communities where past practice has resulted in crowding the
+land to such an extent that group or row houses have become the
+standard.
+
+Whatever the type of house, however, there are certain fundamentals of
+an essentially good house. The exhibition house should, as far as
+possible, embody these fundamentals as given below.
+
+_Open Space Belonging to the House_
+
+If the house is of the detached type (open on all four sides) it should
+have a lot wide enough to permit fifteen feet of yard space on each
+side. Then it is protected from any danger of side windows being
+darkened and air cut off by any building which is permissible in a one-
+family house residence district (see Zoning and What it Means to the
+Home). Where there are no zoning regulations to give protection, even
+fifteen feet of side yard will not prevent injury from a tall apartment
+house or commercial building.
+
+Under no circumstances should the demonstration house, if of the
+detached type, have less than ten feet of side yard. If no detached
+house with ten feet or more (preferably fifteen feet or a little more)
+of side yard can be secured, then seek a house of another type.
+
+Next in order of excellence is the semi-detached house (twin--two
+houses side by side with a party wall). The single side yard of this
+house should be fifteen feet wide and never less than ten feet.
+
+Next in order is the group house, or the row house. The row house may
+be a perfectly good house if it is wide enough in proportion to its
+depth so that there may be adequate open spaces before every window,
+and if it is so planned as to take full advantage of these open spaces.
+Moreover a row of houses may be so designed--perhaps as one unit so far
+as the front elevation is concerned--that they will be very attractive
+in appearance. A wide, row house (18 to 20 feet or more), properly
+planned, is much better to live in than a detached or a semi-detached
+house whose side yards are so narrow that they do not give adequate
+light and air to middle rooms.
+
+The really good house is bright and airy. Consequently the
+demonstration house should be set back from the street and its front
+yard should be deep enough not only to assure privacy from the street,
+but also to permit at least a well sodded grass plot.
+
+The rear yard will, of course, extend across the whole lot. Or the rear
+yard may be 100 feet deep. But in this connection, it is necessary to
+bear in mind that a yard may be too large as well as too small. It must
+fit in with the house, and some account must be taken of the probable
+habits of its occupants. A family which has no servants, and in which
+the breadwinner works long hours away from home, may find a large yard
+a burden unless some member is an enthusiastic gardener. Lacking this
+gardener the back of a deep yard is likely to become a dump-heap.
+
+_The House Itself_
+
+Given adequate open space as described above there are certain
+essentials in the house itself.
+
+_Construction_
+
+A house is, or should be, an investment. Therefore it should be
+honestly constructed. One of the most important lessons for the home
+buyer to learn is that the initial cost of a house is not its full
+cost. It pays well to spend a little more on purchase price if,
+thereby, repair bills and maintenance costs are kept down. And it pays
+not only in dollars and cents but in satisfaction as well, for the
+house that soon begins to go to pieces, that soon looks shabby, is
+quite the opposite of a "joy forever."
+
+Consequently the demonstration house should be well built, and one of
+the most valuable parts of the demonstration should lie in pointing out
+by suitable placards its structural excellencies. Has the ground
+immediately outside the walls been drained so that water will not lie
+against these walls and gradually soak into them? Is the cellar well
+drained and dry; well lighted and ventilated? Is the foundation well
+built? Are the beams and joists heavy enough and of good material? Are
+the floors and woodwork of good material, well seasoned, and of good
+workmanship? Is the hardware (locks, hinges, lighting fixtures, etc.)
+strong enough to stand usage? Are the outside walls of good material--
+if of brick, of good quality with good quality mortar; if of frame, of
+good lumber, well seasoned and well painted with three coats of paint?
+What kind of sheathing is used? Is wood well seasoned? Is the roofing
+of a material adapted to the climate and of good quality? What material
+is used for flashing?
+
+Recently there has been some discussion of the heat-retaining quality
+of walls. It is advocated that openings which permit circulation of
+cold air between outer and inner walls shall be filled. This adds but
+little to the cost of building and in cold climates reduces materially
+the coal bill. Incidentally it also aids both in reducing the fire
+hazard and in rat proofing. For the latter, care must be taken that
+there are no unscreened openings through foundation walls into a
+cellar, and that all openings from the cellar to the space between
+outer and inner walls of stories above shall be filled with rat-proof
+material.
+
+Much attention is now being given to standardizing the parts of a
+house, both to reduce initial cost and to make replacement easier and
+less expensive. Are the doors, windows and other parts of the
+demonstration house of standard stock sizes?
+
+_Light and Ventilation_
+
+_Every_ room must have adequate window areas giving upon wide
+outdoor spaces. An interior room, or one poorly lighted from a narrow
+court, or receiving its only light from a wide porch, may not impress
+the visitor, who sees it only when the house is new and the room
+artificially lighted, but it does in time impress the family who
+inhabit it. Row houses are best when they are only two rooms deep from
+front to rear. If, however, an extension is built upon the rear of a
+row house, the court on one side of this extension, from which middle
+rooms are lighted, should be _at least six_ feet wide for a two-
+story dwelling and seven feet for a three-story dwelling. If there is a
+front porch on a row house it should not extend clear across the front,
+darkening every window of the front ground-floor room, but should
+extend only part way, leaving one window free. This also adds to the
+value of the porch by giving it greater privacy, but of course it
+necessitates a house at least 18 feet wide, if the porch is to be large
+enough to use as an outdoor sitting room for the whole family in warm
+weather.
+
+So far as practicable, each room should have at least two windows, and
+corner rooms should have windows in two walls.
+
+The rooms should be planned so that they may be opened into each other
+and the breeze permitted to sweep through.
+
+_Privacy_
+
+While the family is a unit, and a function of the house is to symbolize
+and emphasize family unity, there should, nevertheless, be provision
+for some individual privacy. The most elementary provision, of course,
+is that there be at least three bedrooms--on the assumption that the
+normal family will contain both boys and girls. Consequently the
+demonstration house must contain not less than three bedrooms. But
+beyond this, the grouping of rooms possible in a two-story house
+(bedrooms and bath on the second floor, common living rooms on the
+first floor) as against a one-story house, adds greatly to privacy. At
+the same time the two-story house is nearly always the more economical
+both to build and to operate, while one flight of stairs does not add
+appreciably to the house-wife's work. With the kitchen, dining room,
+living room and a lavatory on the ground floor there is comparatively
+little need of running up and downstairs, even when there are young
+children in the family. A third story, an upstairs sitting room, no
+ground floor lavatory, do add appreciably to the amount of stair
+climbing.
+
+Stair climbing is reduced by having the laundry on the same floor as
+the kitchen instead of in the basement or cellar. Though it is the
+scene of greatest activity only one or two days a week, it is often
+used at other times, and often in connection with kitchen work. On the
+score that the number of steps is thereby reduced, laundry tubs may be
+placed in the kitchen; but against this must be balanced the annoyance,
+or worse, that comes from having the kitchen full of steam and all
+cluttered up with clothes in process of washing when meals must be
+prepared. Because of this many women prefer a separate laundry in an
+ell or extension opening off the kitchen. From the latitude of
+Philadelphia south, this extension may be of light construction without
+danger of pipes freezing except in the coldest weather; and it is a
+simple matter to install a cut-off, so that these pipes may be emptied
+when not in use.
+
+_Sanitation_
+
+There should be a fully equipped bathroom on the bedroom floor and a
+toilet--preferably a wash bowl also--on the ground floor. A toilet in
+the cellar is only a half-way measure. It does give an added
+convenience of very real value, especially when there are servants; but
+it is usually less accessible than the upstairs bathroom and, unless
+the cellar is unusually well lighted and ventilated--unless it is
+heated and unless its floor is high enough above the sewer to provide
+for the necessary slope of the soil pipe--it is very likely to become a
+nuisance. A sewer-connected toilet in the yard is only a step above the
+old-time privy vault. It is inaccessible in bad weather; after dark it
+is public; and it is likely to freeze.
+
+
+
+
+_Suggestion for Furnishing and Decorating the Demonstration Home_
+
+PREPARED BY THE BUREAU OF INFORMATION
+
+
+Changing an empty house into a furnished, restful place of beauty is no
+less a task than transforming a piece of paper into a lovely picture.
+In one sense, interior decoration is a creative art. It is true that
+decorators, or persons furnishing houses, do not weave their own
+hangings, build their own furniture, or design their own wall-paper,
+but they select the things they require from shops, where they have
+been designed by others, and choose in such a way as to make a
+beautiful and harmonious whole.
+
+Persons who must furnish a house for the occupancy of a family face
+four distinct problems: first, they must see that the things selected
+suit the house in size, coloring, and style; second, that the pieces
+selected are harmonious with each other, and that they are comfortable
+and well-made; third, that they suit the requirements of the family;
+and fourth, that they fit the family purse.
+
+_Backgrounds_
+
+The first requisite of a house is that it be restful; therefore, it is
+wise to use wall coverings that are plain in effect. Plain paints or
+tints, and wall-papers of a cloudy, all-over pattern, make the best
+backgrounds.
+
+When a room faces north, the best colors to use are the yellows, which
+might range from a cream color to a deep pumpkin yellow.
+
+In rooms that face south, it is possible to use light grays, which
+might range to a deep putty color; though it is possible in sunny rooms
+to use almost any color except those which might fade easily.
+
+The best way to treat rooms which have wide doorways connecting them
+with other rooms is to have the walls of both rooms alike, preferably
+in some plain color.
+
+_Floor Coverings_
+
+Rugs and floor coverings should be several shades darker than the
+walls, and be either in plain colors or have a small or indefinite all-
+over design. Where walls are plain, the latter type of carpet should be
+used. When walls have on them any figured covering, plain carpet should
+be used.
+
+_Hangings_
+
+The hangings for rooms which have plain wall coverings could be striped
+or figured, but in rooms where there is a figured wall covering, the
+hangings should be in plain colors, taking the color scheme for these
+from the dominating color note in walls and carpet.
+
+_Furnishings_
+
+A good rule to follow in choosing furnishings is to avoid anything
+which strikes you as elaborate, or prominent. If a piece of furniture,
+carpet, or curtain material stands out in a shop, you may be quite
+certain that it will be even more noticeable in a house.
+
+A house can only be considered properly furnished when it meets the
+real needs of the occupants. Comfortable chairs, sofas, and beds, good
+tables, and soft carpets, make up the most important objects, and these
+should be the best that the family can afford. No definite rule can be
+applied to the arrangement of the furniture, but balance and wall space
+should be considered first. Where a single opening is placed in the
+center of the wall, or like openings at equal distances, the wall
+spaces will be in balance; in the case of unequal openings, the wall
+spaces will be out of balance.
+
+At balanced wall spaces, place pieces of furniture of relative size and
+contour. These may be tables, chairs, sofas, and pictures. Leave the
+more intimate and personal furniture, such as favorite chairs, sewing
+table, and foot stool, for a grouping at one side or in the center of
+the room. Lay all carpets and rugs parallel with the longest sides of
+the room.
+
+In a room with unbalanced wall spaces, place against the longest spaces
+the largest pieces of furniture--the piano, the bookcase, the
+davenport--grouping perhaps a table, mirror, and chair against a
+smaller and opposite wall space. This permits the comfortable chairs,
+tables, lamps, and pottery to relieve the stiffness, allowing them to
+be grouped in the center of the room.
+
+Do not indulge in too many pictures, but select a few of interest and
+good quality. These few should be hung on a level with the average eye.
+Small pictures should be hung somewhat lower.
+
+Do not invest in many ornaments. A few bits of colored pottery, or some
+brass ware, is all that is required to strike a lively note. Place
+these so that they will balance other objects arranged on the same
+mantel or bookshelf. For example, a pair of brass candlesticks placed
+at either end of a mantel, with a pottery bowl, clock, or ornament in
+the center, strikes a balance. Never have a large jar on a small table
+or stand, or small ornaments on a large table. A good thing to remember
+is that ornaments decrease in value as they increase in number.
+
+In the following pages will be found suggestive lists of articles which
+the rooms in a Better Home might contain. For further assistance and
+more detail, write the Bureau of Information.
+
+_Suggestions for Furnishing the Hall_
+
+[Illustration: HALL A Modern Colonial Hall of good proportions and
+design, with the simple but necessary furnishings for convenience and
+welcome.]
+
+The first impression of a house and its occupants comes as one enters
+through the front door into the hall. Thus, nowhere in the entire house
+is it more important to strike the right keynote in furnishing and
+decoration. If there is no closet in the hall for wraps and umbrellas,
+it will be necessary to have in some obscure corner a wooden strip
+painted the same color as the woodwork, in which are solid brass hooks,
+placed low enough so that the young members of the family can reach
+them. Also, for umbrellas, provide a plain pottery jar which will
+harmonize with the color scheme of walls and carpets.
+
+On the hall table have a card tray--brass if the hardware is brass--
+silver if the hardware is nickel or iron--and a medium-sized pottery
+vase in crackle ware, or some natural color. A hall lantern or scones
+would be in harmony with these furnishings, and have decorative value.
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme for the Hall_
+
+_Walls_--Ivory paper or paint.
+
+_Woodwork_--Paint--dull finish.
+
+_Floors_--Hardwood--Stained antique oak, finished with wax or
+varnish.
+
+_Floors_--Softwood--Painted a deep yellow, or gray, or stained to
+represent hardwood.
+
+_Floors_--Linoleum--In a tile pattern of black and white, provided
+the living room is not directly connected with the hall; in such case
+use only plain brown, grey, or Jaspe linoleum.
+
+_Below is a Suggested List of Furnishings Which the Hall Might
+Contain_
+
+_A table_--Of oak, mahogany, or walnut, either drop-leaf, gate-
+leg, or console.
+
+_A mirror_--Gilt, or to match the wood in the table, Early
+American or English.
+
+_A straight chair or two_--With or without rush seats, enameled
+black, with stencil design, or to match the wood of the tables.
+
+_A low-boy_--Of mahogany or walnut, with drawers for gloves,
+string, etc.
+
+_A large chest_--Of oak or brass-trimmed mahogany, for overshoes,
+etc.
+
+_One or two rugs_--May be _Oriental_ in blues, browns, tans
+or black; or wool braided, in blues, browns, tans or black; or Wilton,
+in blues, browns, tans or black; or Axminster, in blues, browns, tans
+or black.
+
+_A cocoa mat_ placed at front door.
+
+_The Living Room_
+
+As the living room is the gathering place for family and friends, it
+may well be considered the most important room in the house. It should
+take its keynote for decoration from the hall. If there is a wide
+doorway connecting the living room with the hall, the color scheme
+should be the same. As the living room serves as library also, open
+book shelves, painted the same as the woodwork, are essential, and more
+substantial than book cases.
+
+The first requisite of such a room is that it shall be restful. Avoid
+using rocking chairs. Use little bric-a-brac. Nothing which does not
+contribute to the necessity and beauty of the room should be allowed.
+
+Tan or ivory is good in a room which is inclined to be dark, or gray
+and gray-green in a room inclined to be bright.
+
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme for Living Room_
+
+_Walls_--Ivory, cream or gray--paper or paint.
+
+_Woodwork_--Ivory paint--dull finish.
+
+_Floors_--Hardwood--Stained antique oak with wax or varnish
+finish.
+
+_Floors_--Softwood--Painted a deep yellow or gray, or stained to
+represent hardwoods.
+
+_A Suggested List of Furnishings for Living Room_
+
+_Table_--Drop-leaf--in mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut;
+Gateleg--in mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut; Modern Chippendale--
+mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut, or Sheraton type of table.
+
+_Sofa_--Upholstered in either sage green or brown upholsterer's
+velvet; blue, yellow, mauve satin or taffeta sofa cushions.
+
+_Armchair_--Overstuffed chair in indefinite striped upholsterer's
+velvet in sage green; satin cushion in corn color.
+
+_Armchair_--Back and seat upholstered in brown like sofa--arms of
+mahogany.
+
+_Desk_--A reproduction of a Sheraton, Hepplewhite, or Early
+English Desk.
+
+_Chair_--Rush bottom--same wood as desk, or in dull black or sage
+green dull enamel, conventional stencil design.
+
+_Wicker chair_--Of brown or natural wicker, with printed linen
+cushions in floral pattern.
+
+_Tilt table for cards or tea_--Mahogany or walnut.
+
+_Fireplace_ (If any)--A wood-box or basket; andirons and fire
+screen, hearth brush and tongs.
+
+_A Reading Lamp_--Sage green or black pottery base; an old gold
+colored paper shade, fluted or plain, top and bottom bound with sage
+green tape ribbon, or guimpe.
+
+_A Clock_--In simple, plain design of wood, antique gilt, or
+leather.
+
+_Footstool_--Small ottoman, covered in black and yellow
+needlework, or velvet same as sofa (brown).
+
+_Waste paper basket_--Small black wicker next to desk.
+
+_Decorative Accessories_--Green vase, gold luster bowl, mauve
+pottery piece; Desk appointments in dull brass, bronze, or leather;
+Book-ends--Library Shears. Match box and ash tray on table in brass or
+bronze.
+
+_Carpet_--One large or several small Orientals, or a Wilton,
+Axminster, or velvet in two tone of brown or tan, or in plain colors.
+ _Glass curtains_--Cream, marquisette, cheese-cloth, or scrim, made
+plain.
+
+_Overdraperies_--(If desired)--Can be either printed linen, same
+as cushion in wicker chair, lined with sage green sateen, or brown or
+sage green poplin, silk damask or sunfast.
+
+_Chairs_--If the room is large enough, one or two chairs, chosen
+to correspond with those already in the room, may be added.
+
+_Dining Room_
+
+The dining room should be one of the most cheerful and inspiring rooms
+of the house. It is the place where the family gathers to enjoy meals
+together, and nothing insures a better start than having breakfast in a
+bright, cheerful room.
+
+If the dining room and living room are connected by wide doorways, have
+the walls of both rooms alike. If they are connected by a small door,
+the walls may be in some light cloudy landscape paper, or in a small
+allover pattern in light cream, buff, gray, tan, or putty color.
+Because there is so much blue china, persons feel that they want blue
+dining rooms. This is a mistake, as blue used in large quantities in
+either walls, china, or hanging absorbs the light and makes a room
+gloomy. Do not display china or glassware in a so-called china closet.
+A built-in corner cupboard, or a small mahogany or rosewood cabinet,
+which might hold rare bits of pottery and china, is permissible. It is
+far better to use the pantry shelves for china than to crowd it into a
+china closet.
+
+It is best to use a rug with small figures. The hangings should be in
+plain colors, taken from the predominating colors in the wall covering;
+or if the walls are the same as the living room, the hangings should be
+chosen from the predominating color in the living room. This will bring
+the rooms into perfect harmony, without having them just alike.
+
+_Suggested Color Scheme for Dining Room_
+
+_Walls_--Ivory or cream, if closely connected with living room. A
+cloudy landscape, crepe, or cartridge paper in buffs, pale grays, fawn,
+or cream if closed off from living room.
+
+[Illustration: DINING ROOM This well-proportioned dining room with its
+plain walls and figured floor covering has a square mahogany table and
+eight chairs of the Georgian period.]
+
+_Woodwork_--Ivory.
+
+_Floors--Hardwood_--Stained antique oak, with wax or varnish
+finish.
+
+_Floors--Softwood_--Painted a deep yellow or gray, or covered in
+plain brown, gray, or Jaspe linoleum.
+
+_Suggested List of Furniture for Dining Room_
+
+_Table_--Round or square extension, or drop-leaf--six legs--in
+mahogany, walnut, weathered oak, or painted black, gray, or coco. Might
+be reproduction of Hepplewhite, Sheraton, or Georgian period. A glass,
+silver, or pottery bowl, containing flowers, on the table; plain ecru
+linen doilies.
+
+_Chairs_--8 chairs--Mahogany--Damask seats, Hepplewhite backs.
+Walnut--English linen seats, Sheraton backs. Weathered Oak--Velvet
+Seats, Queen Anne backs. Painted--Rush seats, or wooden seats, Windsor
+or straight backs.
+
+_Sideboard_--Low, broad, after Hepplewhite or Sheraton, a Welsh
+dresser with Windsor chairs. (Here keep either a few good pieces of
+silver with candlesticks on either end, or a large pottery bowl filled
+with fruit in the center, and candlesticks to match the bowl placed at
+either end, or some bits of red or yellow glass, but do not combine all
+three. Do not use delicate lace runners or doilies. Plain linen, or
+heavy real filet is far more effective Display no cut glass or hand-
+painted china.)
+
+_Mirror or Mellow, dark-toned painting_--Framed in antique gilt or
+to correspond with the wood of the furniture selected, and hung on
+level with the eye, directly in the center and over the sideboard.
+
+_Serving Table_--To correspond with other furniture selected, and
+placed as near the kitchen door as possible.
+
+Here keep two or four silver or glass candlesticks which are used on
+the table at night, also a silver, mahogany, or wicker tray.
+
+_Mirror_--Queen Anne type--over serving table--especially if
+serving table is between two windows, it gives effect of space.
+
+_Muffin stand_--Especially for maidless house--of mahogany,
+walnut, or painted to correspond with furniture selected.
+
+_Nest of Tables_--Small, square, of either mahogany, walnut, or
+black lacquer, to be kept in a corner and used for tea parties,
+functions, etc.
+
+_Rug--Large Oriental_--In blues, yellows, browns, or old rose and
+black; Wilton--in blues, yellows, brown, or old rose, and black;
+Axminster--in blues, yellows, browns, or old rose, and black; Chenille
+or velvet, in plain colors.
+
+_Curtains_--Glass curtains to match living room, in either
+marquisette, cheese cloth, or scrim, made plain.
+
+_Overdraperies_--If desired, can be either like the living room,
+if rooms are in close proximity, or taken from the predominating color
+note of living room hangings if these are figured.
+
+With a cloudy or landscape paper, use plain poplin, rep, or sunfast, in
+warm tans, sage green, with bands of black or orange, or both, across
+the bottom; this would give character to the room.
+
+_Uniformity in furniture chosen_--Be sure in choosing your
+furniture that uniformity is observed as to period, wood, and type. For
+example, if a Sheraton sideboard in mahogany is selected, then the
+entire furniture of the dining room should be of the Sheraton type in
+mahogany.
+
+_Bedrooms_
+
+The first requisite in furnishing a bedroom is that it appears crisp
+and clean. The walls, light in color, must be restful and simple in
+design. The woodwork should be white, if possible. Painted furniture is
+very popular for a bedroom because of its dainty appearance, but dull-
+finished mahogany or walnut in four post or Colonial design, with rag,
+braided, or hooked rugs, makes a charming bedroom.
+
+Place the bed where the sleeper will not be subject to strong light or
+cross drafts (see page 27 for proper ventilation). A dressing table is
+fashionable, but not as practical as a chest of drawers with mirror
+above. A full-length mirror installed in a closet door, or hung in a
+narrow wall space, is a very decided adjunct. Be sure to place the
+dressing table or chest of drawers where the light is not reflected
+from an opposite window. To secure a good view, the light should be
+directed upon the person to be reflected, and not upon the mirror.
+
+Avoid placing the furniture all on one side of the room. If possible,
+intermingle high and low pieces to secure a proper balance. If one bed
+is used, be sure to place beside it a table on which should be a lamp,
+telephone, and small water bottle and glass. If two beds are used,
+place this table between the two beds.
+
+If the walls are plain in color, figured draperies and bedspreads can
+be used. If the walls have on them a small design, plain materials for
+these purposes should be used.
+
+_Suggested Color Scheme for Bedroom_
+
+_Walls_--Corn colored cross-bar paper.
+
+_Woodwork_--White, dull finish, paint.
+
+_Floors_--_Hardwood_--Stained antique oak, with wax or
+varnish finish.
+
+_Floors_--_Softwood_--Painted a deep yellow, or covered in
+plain brown, tan, or Jaspe linoleum.
+
+_Suggested List of Furnishings for the Bedroom_
+
+_Bed_--Full size, or twin beds--In mahogany, walnut, ivory paint,
+or enamel. Box or wire springs. Mattress and pillows.
+
+Bedspreads and bureau covers may be made of unbleached muslin, bound
+with wide bands of plain yellow, blue, and brown, these colors
+overlapping each other, or plain white Swiss, dimity, or Marseilles.
+
+_One high-boy_, or high chest of drawers for man--In mahogany,
+walnut, or painted. This piece should conform with or match other
+furniture in room. Brushes, comb, box for odds and ends, clothes brush.
+
+_Mirror_--Hung flat against the wall--in same wood as high-boy.
+
+_One Dressing Table_--or low chest of drawers--for lady--with
+mirror hung over the chest of drawers. May be in mahogany, walnut, or
+painted. With toilet articles in silver or tortoise shell, or ivory;
+pin cushion, scent bottles. The mirror may be of Queen Anne type in
+antique gilt, to correspond with woods used in room.
+
+_Two straight back chairs_--In mahogany, walnut, or painted, with
+plain wood, rush, or caned seats.
+
+_Natural wicker arm chair_--Sturdy type placed near window, with
+cushions of chintz or sateen to match the bedspreads.
+
+_Small flat-top desk and chair_--In either mahogany, walnut, or
+painted, to correspond with furniture.
+
+Supply with note paper, silver or brass ink-well, and blue feather pen.
+
+_Small Sewing Table_--Of Martha Washington design, or a Colonial
+type, in mahogany or rosewood. Place on it small lamp with base of
+wood, in brown or tan porcelain, and having a shade of blue silk lined
+with tan silk.
+
+_A Chest_--In either cedar, mahogany, or cretonne-covered, and
+placed under a window or in a corner for storage of summer or winter
+clothes.
+
+_Rugs_--Oriental in black, blues, or yellows, plain brown or tan
+carpet, made into a large rug, or wool braided, hooked, or heavy rag
+rugs, in black, blues, tans, browns.
+
+Small rugs should be placed near the bed, dressing table, and high-boy.
+
+_Curtains_--Glass curtains of scrim, marquisette, or cheese-cloth,
+to correspond with those of living room and dining room.
+
+_Draperies_--Draperies of either cretonne or muslin to match
+bedspreads, with bands of yellow, blue and brown sateen to correspond
+with bedspreads.
+
+_Bedroom for Either Boys or Girls_
+
+It has been proven that furnishings and color produce either desirable
+or disastrous effects upon the sensitive minds of children. As all
+children's rooms are usually a combination of bedroom, play room, and
+study, it is well to keep in mind colors, design, arrangement, and
+practicality for all purposes.
+
+To most children, a spotty or too often repeated design is distracting.
+Blues and violets soothe, while reds, yellows, and sometimes greens are
+exciting and stimulating colors. We so often send our children to study
+and amuse themselves in their room, but have we done our share in
+providing them with the comforts and necessities that will assist them
+to produce better school work?
+
+_Boys_--With no frills, light fabrics, or woodwork for them to
+soil and mar, their rooms still may be made interesting--even beautiful--
+but convenience and masculinity should be kept foremost in mind.
+
+_Girls_--A girl's room, on the other hand, should be dainty,
+bright, and frivolous. Her personality, even at a very tender age, will
+clearly be disclosed by the way she cares for her room. There is no
+need of a great expenditure of money in buying furniture or hangings
+for a girl's room. Some of the cheaper fabrics and simplest furniture
+will make the most charming room.
+
+
+_BOY'S ROOMS_
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme_
+
+_Walls_--Buff-colored paint, or tinted walls.
+
+_Woodwork_--Stained mission oak or walnut.
+
+_Floors_--Hardwood floor, strips of coco matting, or woolbraided
+rugs. Softwood--a large square of linoleum.
+
+
+_Suggested List of Furnishings_
+
+_Bed_--Something of the day bed type. Bedspread of blue denim,
+with stitched bands of yellow sateen at edge.
+
+_Chest of Drawers_--Painted buff or brown, or walnut or mission
+oak.
+
+_A Mirror_--Antique gilt, or of wood to match chest of drawers,
+hung low.
+
+_A Desk_--Of the craftsman type, with stool or bench to match.
+
+_Two Wooden Chairs_--Either painted or of mission oak.
+
+_A Table_--Low, plain wooden table, of walnut, or stained to match
+the woodwork.
+
+_One Comfortable Chair_--Brown wicker, or the Windsor type.
+
+_A Lamp_--Of the student type, or on a bracket, securely fastened
+on the wall.
+
+_A Tie Rack_--Hung near chest of drawers.
+
+_One or two shelves_--For books, trophies, etc. Made of plain
+wood, stained to match the woodwork of a plain bookcase of mission oak.
+
+_Curtains_--Of blue denim, with stitched bands of sateen at edge--
+hung straight.
+
+
+_GIRLS' ROOMS_
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme_
+
+_Walls_--Papered in a soft gray-rose, allover design paper.
+
+_Woodwork_--Cream paint.
+
+_Floor_--Hardwood--Rag rugs, with rose stripes or a gray chenille
+carpet. Softwood--Battleship gray paint, with rag rugs or rose chenille
+carpet.
+
+_Suggested List of Furnishings_
+
+_Bed_--_Single_--Painted ivory or cream--four post, or with
+some low, simple headboard.
+
+Bedspread of rose dotted swiss, with wide ruffle.
+
+_A Dressing Table_--To match bed, with rose colored sateen mats--
+bound in pale-gray with drawers.
+
+_A Large Box_--For waists, etc. Covered in rose and gray cretonne.
+
+_A Desk_--To correspond with painted furniture; a gray blotter and
+rose colored pen.
+
+_Two Chairs_--One of natural wicker with cushions of rose sateen,
+and one of wood to correspond with painted furniture, caned seat.
+
+_A Sewing Table_--Of mahogany or cherry.
+
+_A Lamp_--China base with a shade of silk, dotted swiss, or rose-
+colored paper.
+
+
+_The Nursery_
+
+The ideal nursery is also a play room. It should, as nearly as
+possible, meet the ideals of the child's own world. In that room are
+received early impressions which are never forgotten, and which have a
+lasting influence on the adult life.
+
+Don't bedeck the cribs, beds, or curtains with ribbons and laces, and
+expect your child to be happy. The "don'ts" and "be carefuls" make
+children irritable and unhappy. Choose the room with a thought to
+sunlight, and be sure it has outside blinds which will darken the room
+without keeping out the air.
+
+The floor should be bare with the exception of one rug near the bed, or
+should be covered with a good grade of plain linoleum.
+
+The walls and woodwork should be painted, if possible, a cream or light
+gray. Some fairy tale friezes are attractive, and afford opportunities
+of introducing color, but, if used, should not be placed too high on
+the wall--about three-quarters of the way up from the floor is a
+reasonable height. Child-study has taught that many and oft-repeated
+designs and subjects become meaningless, especially to older children.
+
+The furniture in the nursery should be practical. Painted furniture and
+wicker chairs are attractive. A comfortable winged or overstuffed chair
+for the grown-ups is essential. Low shelves and cupboards, built for
+toys and books, are necessary if the room is to be kept neat and tidy.
+A stationary blackboard, and a large box for books and cherished
+belongings, are very welcome additions.
+
+
+_A Suggested Color Scheme for the Nursery_
+
+_Walls_--A soft, misty, gray paint, tint, or plain paper.
+
+_Woodwork_--A dull white.
+
+_Floors_--Plain hardwood, with a rag or braided rug in sapphire
+blue--or softwood, entirely covered in taupe Jaspe linoleum.
+
+
+_Below Is a Suggested List of Furnishings Which the Nursery Might
+Contain_
+
+_A Crib_--White iron or wood, on ball bearing casters.
+
+Bedspread of yellow and white seersucker, or a silky yellow sunfast.
+
+_A Tall Chest of Drawers_--Painted cream or white, with plenty of
+drawers.
+
+_Table_--Low nursery table or tall one which has had its legs cut.
+
+_Two Chairs_--Low, with wooden seats, and painted to match the
+furniture.
+
+_A Desk_--Flat top with plenty of paper and pencils.
+
+_Waste Paper Basket_--White or natural wicker.
+
+_One Large Fireside Chair_--With slip cover of blue and yellow
+striped linen.
+
+_Glass Curtains_--Of best quality of cream colored cheesecloth,
+bound in yellow tape.
+
+_Over draperies_ (If desired)--Of primrose yellow silk, or
+sunfast, or striped yellow and blue linen to match slip cover.
+
+_Clothes Rack_--Low wooden rack, painted white, with at least four
+hooks.
+
+_Closet_--Should have a low pole on which could be hung plenty of
+hangers. Also a shelf about 6 inches from the floor for shoes, etc.
+
+_Large Cushions_ for the floor--One each of blue, yellow, nile
+green and orange.
+
+_Color Scheme_--If you desire another color scheme, such as blue-
+and-white, or pink-and-white, write for information.
+
+
+
+
+_Model Kitchen_
+
+
+PREPARED BY THE HOME ECONOMICS BUREAU OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
+
+
+The first consideration in arranging kitchen equipment is to save steps
+and labor. The kitchen should be clean, odorless and attractive.
+
+_Size_--Not more than 120 square feet of working space for
+preparing food and washing dishes. More space when kitchen is used for
+laundry or has dining alcove.
+
+_Ventilation_--If no cross drafts are provided for, cut a transom
+over back door if possible and arrange window boards to allow
+ventilation through top and bottom of window. Is desirable to have hood
+installed over stove to carry off drafts.
+
+_Lighting_--Two or three windows desirable and a glass pane in
+kitchen door. If unavailable, increase light by having very pale walls
+and mirrors in dark corners. Artificial light should be from powerful
+burner hung from center of ceiling. Electric light should be indirect.
+Additional side lights should be added near sink and stove, unless they
+receive full light.
+
+_Wall Coverings_--(1) Commercial oil cloth wall covering; or (2)
+good oil enamel paint. Color--Light tones. On Southern exposure--pale
+gray, green or pale blue; on Northern exposure--buff walls with a
+deeper buff or tan woodwork are good. For very dark rooms--white. Avoid
+white in well lighted rooms because of glare. If natural color,
+woodwork should have two coats of water proof varnish; if painted, two
+coats of flat paint and one of enamel paint.
+
+_Floor Coverings_--If room has cement floors, provide rubber mats
+before sink, stove and cabinet to avoid foot strain. Otherwise, use
+linoleum slightly darker than walls and harmonizing or contrasting in
+color; or any other surface easy to keep clean.
+
+
+_List of Kitchen Fixtures_
+
+The Kitchen should have the following equipment:
+
+_Range_--Coal, wood, gas, oil or electric. Good hood for
+ventilation is desirable. Height of all working surfaces depends upon
+height of woman who will work in kitchen. All working surfaces
+including top of range should be as near the same height as possible.
+Height should be at least 32 inches, or more, if worker is tall. A
+label should state this fact. If coal range is the main one, have
+supplementary gas, electric or oil range. Gas range should have stove
+pipe from oven.
+
+_Sink_--Sink should be large enough to accommodate both a washing
+and rinsing dish pan. Have large drain board on each side with raised
+edge or beading. It should either slope gradually toward sink or have
+sloping grooves. If only one drain board is provided, add an adjustable
+folding board. Bottom of sink should be at least 32 inches from floor.
+Sink should be placed under or near a window to insure coolness and
+view.
+
+_Cabinet_--White or colored enameled metal or natural wood finish
+with broad working shelf 32 inches from floor or higher according to
+height of worker. Shelves and bins for most commonly used supplies and
+utensils. If a cabinet with a good work shelf is not available an
+additional table near cabinet should be provided.
+
+_Tables_--One or two tables, porcelain, glass, enamel, or zinc
+topped. If none of these can be had, linoleum may be fitted with
+waterproof cement to a wooden table. It should be at least 32 inches
+high. A table with drawers underneath and a swinging stool and space
+for knees is good.
+
+_Cupboard_--If there is no dining room pantry, a cupboard should
+be added for the china; if space permits, this should be added anyhow
+for less frequently used utensils and supplies.
+
+_Stool_--Stool, preferably white, should be of right height to
+allow sitting at table, work-shelf or sink. Add a plain chair if space
+permits.
+
+_Refrigerator_--A well insulated ice box, preferably white. Ice
+compartment should be at side or top. Straight easily cleaned drain
+pipe should attach to plumbing. If refrigerator is indoors a door for
+icing from the outside is desirable.
+
+_Towel Rods_--Wood or nickel with space for four or five dish
+towels.
+
+_Hand Towel Rack_--If only one person uses it, roller towel rack
+may be installed. Otherwise, paper toweling or individual hand towels
+hung on cup hooks near sink by loops on corners.
+
+_Wall Clock_--Simple, with clear figures.
+
+_Housekeepers' Rest Corner_--If space permits, a comfortable
+chair, footrest and small table for books and sewing should occupy a
+little-used portion of the room, to permit rest and recreation while
+waiting for food to cook.
+
+_Garbage Pail_--Covered; with foot lever to raise cover without
+stooping; fireproof trash basket.
+
+
+_Arrangement of Equipment_
+
+Sink, cabinet with broad working shelf and dish cabinet (if dishes are
+washed in kitchen) should be as close together as possible without
+cramping passage room. Stove should be convenient to, but slightly away
+from, work shelf for hot weather. An ideal arrangement is china
+cupboard at right of sink, cabinet with broad work shelf at left of
+sink and, in a narrow kitchen, range on opposite wall from sink across
+narrowest part of room; if range is far from any broad working surface
+a table should be very near range. All kitchen equipment, except range,
+should be as near as possible to dining room door. If no dining room
+pantry with sink is provided, kitchen sink should be near dining room
+door. Range with supplementary range beside it should be so placed that
+full day light will light the oven. If stove is already installed in a
+dark place in exhibition house, move it into light, even though
+repiping and wiring may be required. Mirrors may be hung to throw
+additional light on range. If there is no good working shelf on
+cabinet, a table should be near cabinet for mixing food. There will
+then have to be a second table with a heat proof top near the stove
+unless stove is so near to cabinet that one table will serve both for
+mixing and setting hot utensils on. If possible, install a gas range,
+or an electric range if current is cheap enough to warrant. The range
+should, if possible, have an oven heat regulator. Where gas is
+unavailable and cost of electric current high, install a good oil stove
+with an oven. Refrigerator should be on porch or vestibule just outside
+kitchen door or should be in the kitchen near the back door away from
+the stove. If space permits, table next to refrigerator is a
+convenience. An out-icer is a convenience; in cold weather the ice
+compartment may be left empty and open for the air to cool the food.
+
+Dish towel and hand towel racks should be as near as possible to sink,
+high enough to be out of the way. The dish towel rack should be on side
+towards window for drying and airing.
+
+Wall clock should be within sight of stove without worker turning
+around. Garbage pail and trash basket should be under sink. Stove
+should be near chief working surface; either table or cabinet.
+
+_Decorations_--Simple, easily washed curtains of gingham, striped
+calico or unbleached muslin with a colored tape border add to the
+attractiveness of the room. They should not obscure the light. If the
+windows are near working centers, curtains may be half length, that is,
+from top of window to center sash, and finished with a fringe.
+
+Smaller up-to-date equipment, such as a fireless cooker, a pressure
+cooker, utensils, electric whippers, cutlery, strainers and so on,
+should also be installed. Further information is given in another
+bulletin.
+
+
+_The Kitchen as Laundry_
+
+If the Kitchen is also used as Laundry, laundry equipment should be
+away from cooking equipment if possible. _Two Tubs_--well-lighted,
+tops 34 inches, a _Washing Machine_ run by whatever power the
+locality affords, preferably electricity. Washing Machine may have
+direct connection with plumbing, or good pipe hose should be provided
+for draining and filling machine. Copper lined _Wash Boiler_ with
+spigot for emptying. _Zinc Topped Table_--on rollers, same height
+as top of stove, for carrying wash-boiler between sink and stove.
+_Ironing Board_--If possible, board that folds into cupboard.
+Board should have its own support far enough in from ends to permit of
+putting garment over it. _Clothes Basket_--_with Casters on
+Bottom_.
+
+_Iron_--Electric Iron, or if electricity is unavailable, gas iron.
+Electric or hand _Mangle_ for ironing.
+
+Have tubs, washing machine, ironing board and plug for electric iron
+grouped together.
+
+_The Equipment of the House_
+
+Having a house that is structurally sound, well planned and with
+adequate yard space, the next question is its equipment. Equipment has
+to do with the operation, with the house work. On the one hand this is
+more or less determined by the size and plan of the building, on the
+other by the furnishing and decoration. A well planned house makes
+house work lighter; and furnishing and decoration which add
+unnecessarily to the number of things which must be cleaned or cared
+for, or heavy pieces which must be moved, add to the labor of house
+work. Nevertheless, equipment occupies a clear outfield of its own that
+calls for separate discussion.
+
+_Heating_
+
+_Central Heating_--Central heating preferred. May be hot air,
+steam, hot water, or vapor. Insulate heater and pipes. Large furnace
+water pan, or radiator waterpans, desirable. Select heating system,
+using fuel most economical for your locality. Thermostat heat regulator
+installed in living room is desirable. Write placards describing why
+you selected this heating plant; why it is so well insulated; why large
+water pan or radiator water pans are important.
+
+_Supplementary Heat_--Open fireplace, Franklin stove or gas logs
+desirable in living room for beauty and comfort in spring and fall.
+
+_Water Supply_
+
+Should have running hot and cold water. If city water not available,
+should be pumped by power rams. Hot water boiler may be attached to
+coal range with auxiliary gas or oil heater for summer. Where gas rate
+is low, gas may be used alone. Automatic gas hot water heaters very
+desirable.
+
+_Bathroom_
+
+_Size_--Should be large enough for tub, basin, toilet, clothes-
+hamper, stool, medicine cabinet and towel cabinet.
+
+_Floor_--Should be most sanitary. Tile, stone or linoleums are the
+most sanitary. Small black and white pattern or light blue and white
+are good. A well-filled painted wood floor of battleship gray or
+colonial buff may be used.
+
+_Walls_--Tile or plaster painted with two coats flat paint and one
+coat of enamel, or oil cloth wall covering. White, blue and cream are
+the best colors.
+
+_Ventilation_--Window board should be in window to allow top and
+bottom ventilation. An additional separate ventilator is desirable.
+
+_Fixtures_--Porcelain or enameled iron tub with hot and cold
+running water; shower with spray set at angle not to wet hair.
+
+_Basin_--Porcelain or enamel with hot and cold water.
+_Toilet_--porcelain, white enameled seat desirable. _Medicine
+Cabinet_ with door and mirror over basin, shelves for shaving
+equipment, lotions, antiseptics, etc. _Cupboard_ large enough to
+hold supply of towels, soap, toilet paper, and equipment for cleaning
+bathroom fixtures.
+
+_Clothes hamper_ unless chute to bin near wash tubs is provided.
+Hamper should have white smooth surface. Enameled metal or wood
+desirable.
+
+_Towel racks_--A nickel or enameled wood rack for each member of
+family to keep towels separate.
+
+_Miscellaneous fixtures_--Two nickel or enameled metal soap racks,
+one beside basin and one beside or hooked to tub. Tooth brush rack to
+hold tooth brushes well separated. Toilet paper basket or rack.
+Individual mugs or glasses for each member of family. Shelf of glass or
+wood covered with oil cloth over basin.
+
+_Stool_--White enamel, preferably. _Clothes hooks_ on back of
+door, or clothes tree. _Sash curtains_ of white material, easy to
+launder.
+
+_Lavatory_--It is well to have additional lavatory on ground floor
+to save steps. It should contain toilet, wash bowl, stool and fixtures
+for accessories. Should be as easy to clean and hygienic as bathroom.
+
+_Lighting_
+
+Electricity if possible. Bulbs in all rooms should be frosted or
+shaded. _Hall_--Electricity or lamp hung from center in form of
+lantern or cast iron bracket to hold at least one bulb or one lamp. If
+side lights are desired, fixtures of brass, cast iron, or enameled iron
+are effective.
+
+_Living Room_--If possible, at least one baseboard plug, one
+center ceiling light or side brackets if desired. If room is large a
+center floor plug is desirable. Plugs permit lamps to be used without
+unnecessary cords showing. If wire must pass through rug, do not cut
+rug but push threads apart.
+
+_Dining Room_--If a center light in shape of dome is used, hang
+low enough to avoid shining in eyes of those dining. A soft effect is
+gained by side brackets representing sconces. Wired metal or glass
+candlesticks on mantel and side-board, give pleasing effect. Floor plug
+near dining table for electrical table appliances.
+
+_Bedrooms_--Fixtures should be placed in long wall space
+convenient to bureau or dressing table. Have plug near bed for lamp for
+reading in bed. If space permits, night light on table in upper hall is
+useful. All plugs and sockets should be of standard shape and size.
+
+_Cleaning_
+
+House should be easy to clean with hard smooth floors, with cracks well
+filled, and rugs rather than carpets. Rounded edges and corners of
+baseboards desirable, also simple baseboards. One flight of stairs is
+sufficient if located out of sight of living room. This saves labor of
+cleaning two flights. Two cleaning closets, one on ground floor and one
+on second floor, are labor savers. Have space for vacuum cleaner and
+for hanging all brushes, brooms and dusters, and a shelf above or at
+side for the cleaning compounds. Zinc or other fireproof lining to
+cupboard and ventilator desirable.
+
+_Storage Space_--Attic with rows of shelves for storing boxes and
+small objects is desirable. Wooden chests, trunks, and a cedar lined
+chest or cupboard useful. Built-in closets or rows of inexpensive
+chests of drawers with space to pass between are good.
+
+_Storage Closets_
+
+Every bedroom should have clothes closet with hooks and a rod for
+hangers, a shelf for hats and a bottom shelf for shoes. A tall closet
+may have near ceiling an additional rod for hangers for less often used
+clothes, and long rod lifter to reach hangers. A cupboard for bed linen
+should be in upstairs hall or in a centrally located room. On ground
+floor coat closet is desirable; also tool cupboard or chest, large
+china cupboard, low enough for all china to be within reach. Cold
+closet with open wire screen cabinets in basement.
+
+_Pantry_
+
+If kitchen is well ventilated and stove has hood, pass pantry not
+necessary. It makes extra steps. If pass pantry is in house, only its
+narrowest dimension should divide kitchen from dining room. Partitions
+under sink for trays to stand; a narrow space for table leaves; a china
+cupboard with reachable shelves, and a sink and drainboards like those
+described for kitchen are desirable. Drawer on small shelf for cleaning
+compounds and brushes for cleaning silver, steel, brass and copper.
+
+
+
+
+FINANCING A HOME
+
+PREPARED BY THE DIVISION OF BUILDING AND HOUSING, DEPARTMENT OF
+COMMERCE
+
+
+_1.--What You Buy and How to Buy It_
+
+In purchasing a home a misstep may be unfortunate, so get the best
+advice you can, and watch every step. First of all, what you buy is the
+site and the improvements on it. If a building and loan association, or
+bank, loans you money on the property, it has a direct financial
+interest in helping you guard yourself on certain points, such as
+making sure that there are no old mortgages, no unpaid back taxes, or
+bills for building materials, or other claims against the property.
+
+Be certain your title is clear, or have it insured or guaranteed. Learn
+of any easements, such as the right of a telephone company to place its
+poles upon your lot.
+
+If you make a purchase offer with a cash deposit, include a statement
+as to whether window shades, stoves, and other movable property are
+included. Risk from loss by fire or elements should be assumed by the
+owner until the title passes to you.
+
+Your offer should be dependent on your obtaining a satisfactory loan to
+finance the proposition, and the ability of the owners to furnish
+papers to show a good marketable title, free from liens or
+encumbrances. In other words, do not bind yourself to the purchase
+until you are sure of what you are paying for, and that you can finance
+it.
+
+You must be prepared to pay taxes on your property, and special
+assessments for installation of water, sewerage, electric light, gas or
+other public utilities, or street paving and sidewalks. Note what
+improvements are already made, and what additional ones you may have to
+pay for.
+
+_2.--How to Pay for Your Home_
+
+In buying a house and lot you must borrow what you cannot pay in cash.
+Remember that the more risks you assume, the fewer the lender will have
+to charge you for. Your promise to pay back what you borrow will be
+secured by a mortgage or trust on the property. A first mortgage loan
+on not over one-half or two-thirds of the value of a piece of property
+is a very safe investment, and the rates of interest should be low. The
+lender on a second mortgage takes more risk, and rates of interest and
+discounts are higher. If you agree to buy a home without the title
+passing to you at once, the seller takes less risk, and you may save
+money.
+
+_3.--Where to Get Loans_
+
+There are building and loan associations throughout the country,
+usually organized to serve the needs of people like yourself, who wish
+to finance a home. Their plan of weekly or monthly payments, both on
+principal and for interest, has proved sound from the experience of
+millions of people as an aid to systematic saving. Loans may often be
+obtained from savings banks, trust companies, state banks, individuals,
+and trustees for estates.
+
+Obtaining money on a second mortgage is usually not so easy. Remember
+that when the owner of a house takes a second mortgage in payment he
+may plan to sell it for four-fifths or less of its face value, and that
+he probably charges you accordingly.
+
+Above all, when you start to save for a home do not throw your money
+into glittering schemes that promise big dividends and the chance to
+borrow money at 3 per cent or less. The concerns behind such schemes
+cannot be trusted.
+
+_4.--How Much Can You Afford?_
+
+It is said that a man may own a home worth one and one-half to two and
+one-half times his annual income but the payments you make during the
+first few years after purchasing are what you should pay most attention
+to. Rent ordinarily requires from ten per cent, to twenty-five, or even
+more, of a family's annual income. In addition to what you ordinarily
+pay for rent, you can devote your customary savings, or more, to paying
+off the principal of loans on your home.
+
+Following is an example: A man who earns $2,000 a year buys a house and
+lot costing $4,000. He has $1,000 cash to pay down on it, and obtains a
+loan of $3,000, or 75 per cent, of the value of the property, from a
+building and loan association.
+
+Cost per year for a $4,000 house (not including depreciation)
+
+  Payments on $3,000 B. & L. Shares at
+  1/2% a month or 6% a year (savings) $180.00 a year
+  Interest on $3,000 loan at 6%        180.00 "  "
+  Interest on $1,000 cash at $%         50.00 "  "
+  Taxes (vary locally)                  75.00 "  "
+  Insurance                              5.00 "  "
+  Upkeep at 1-1/2%                      60.00 "  "
+                                     --------
+                                      $550.00
+
+Of the total income of $2,000, the $550 represents 27-1/2% divided as
+follows: 18-1/2% for rent; 9% for savings. In about twelve years the
+loan is paid off, and the home owned free and clear.
+
+
+
+
+Zoning and What it Means to the Home
+
+By DR. JOHN M. GRIES
+
+CHIEF DIVISION OF BUILDING AND HOUSING, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
+
+
+Zoning helps home owners by establishing residential districts from
+which garages, and business and factory buildings are excluded.
+Apartments or houses covering more than 30 or 40 per cent. of the area
+of a lot may be prohibited in some sections. This all means a better
+and fairer chance for each family to have a home with enough light and
+air, and healthful, decent surroundings, near to schools, playgrounds
+and transportation facilities.
+
+It may be added that zoning, when wisely carried out, provides for
+grouping of neighborhood stores at convenient points, and for guided
+growth of business and industrial districts, in the directions best
+suited for them.
+
+In the words of the Advisory Committee on Zoning appointed by Secretary
+Hoover:
+
+"Zoning is the application of common sense and fairness to the public
+regulations governing the use of private real estate. It is a
+painstaking, honest effort to provide each district or neighborhood, as
+nearly as practicable, with just such protection and just such liberty
+as are sensible in that particular district. It avoids the error of
+trying to apply exactly the same building regulations to every part of
+a city or town regardless of whether it is a suburban residence section
+or a factory district, or a business and financial center.
+
+"Zoning gives everyone who lives or does business in a community a
+chance for the reasonable enjoyment of his rights. At the same time it
+protects him from unreasonable injury by neighbors who would seek
+private gain at his expense.
+
+"Zoning regulations differ in different districts according to the
+determined uses of the land for residence, business, or manufacturing,
+and according to the advisable heights and ground areas.
+
+"But these differing regulations are the same for all districts of the
+same type. They treat all men alike."
+
+But the benefits of zoning are not confined to safeguarding the home
+and its surroundings. It can reduce losses due to topsy-turvy growth of
+cities, and cut the cost of living. Every year millions of dollars are
+wasted in American cities from the scrapping of buildings in "blighted"
+districts. For instance, fine residential districts may be threatened
+by sporadic factories or junk yards, and owners may become panicky and
+sell at a sacrifice millions of dollars worth of valuable dwellings
+which will be left to stand practically idle. The public must pay for
+this loss in one way or another. Frequently money for street, sewers
+and other utilities need never be spent if it is known in advance that
+large factories are to occupy new developments. Industry and homes are
+both more efficient if kept generally separate, though separation need
+not mean great distances for workers to travel.
+
+"How has zoning worked?" "What has it accomplished?" About 70 cities
+and towns have adopted zoning ordinances since 1916, and the idea has
+worked well. Reliable authorities declare that "the New York zoning
+regulations have prevented vast depreciation in many districts and
+effected savings in values amounting to millions of dollars in
+established sections." The highest class residential districts in New
+York, in which only 30 per cent of the lot area may be used for
+dwellings, have developed with much greater confidence, due to the
+knowledge that houses built would be safe from invasion by apartments
+or industry.
+
+In St. Louis "it was found that residences tended to follow the
+residence districts, and did not even attempt to seek locations in
+industrial or unrestricted areas. Except commercial buildings which
+were built partly in commercial and partly in industrial districts, the
+development of St. Louis is said to be fitting itself very closely to
+the zoning plan.
+
+"In New Jersey it has been found that the unzoned suburban town is at a
+distinct disadvantage as compared with the community protected by a
+zoning ordinance."
+
+It is sometimes said that zoning is arbitrary and restricts the liberty
+of the individual to do as he wishes; but when zoning laws have been
+sensibly and comprehensively drawn, the courts have approved them as a
+reasonable exercise of the police power "for the public health, safety
+and general welfare."
+
+Zoning should always be undertaken in close relation to a city plan. It
+is essentially a neighborly proposition, and there should be
+neighborhood meetings to explain it and gather suggestions.
+
+The purpose of a zoning ordinance is to insure that growth, instead of
+taking place sporadically and wastefully, should go on in an orderly
+way in response to generally recognized needs, and with due notice to
+all concerned.
+
+Zoning today is giving security and the sense of security to hundreds
+of thousands of families in America, in the enjoyment of happy homes
+amid the right kind of surroundings.
+
+_Is your city zoned_?
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA ***
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