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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Memoirs of James Robert Hope-Scott, Volume 2
+by Robert Ornsby
+
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+Title: Memoirs of James Robert Hope-Scott, Volume 2
+
+Author: Robert Ornsby
+
+Release Date: April, 2005  [EBook #7975]
+[This file was first posted on June 8, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+Character set encoding: ISO Latin-1
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, MEMOIRS OF JAMES ROBERT HOPE-SCOTT, VOLUME 2 ***
+
+
+
+
+Charles Aldarondo, Tiffany Vergon, Jerry Fairbanks, Charles Franks, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF JAMES ROBERT HOPE-SCOTT, VOLUME II
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF
+
+JAMES ROBERT HOPE-SCOTT
+
+OF ABBOTSFORD, D.C.L., Q.C.
+
+LATE FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD
+
+_WITH SELECTIONS FROM HIS CORRESPONDENCE_
+
+
+BY ROBERT ORNSBY, M.A.
+
+PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE IN THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF
+IRELAND; FELLOW OF THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND; LATE FELLOW OF TRIN.
+COLL. OXFORD
+
+IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II.
+
+
+
+CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII. 1841, 1842.
+
+Mr. Hope's Pamphlet on the Jerusalem Bishopric--His Value for the Canon
+Law--Continued Correspondence of Mr. Hope and Mr. Newman on the Jerusalem
+Bishopric--Mr. Newman's Idea of a Monastery--Mr. Newman writes from
+Littlemore, April 22,1842--Dr. Pusey consults Mr. Hope on his Letter to the
+Archbishop of Canterbury--Dr. Pusey and the Jerusalem Bishopric--Letters of
+Archdeacon Manning, Mr. W. Palmer, Sir John T. Coleridge, Sir F. Palgrave,
+Bishop Philpotts, and Count Senfft, on Mr. Hope's Pamphlet
+
+CHAPTER XIX. 1842, 1843.
+
+Oxford Commotions of 1842-43--Mr. Newman's Retractation--Correspondence of
+Mr. Newman and J. R. Hope on the Subject--Mr. Hope pleads for Mr.
+Macmullen--Dr. Pusey suspended for his Sermon on the Holy Eucharist--Seeks
+Advice from Mr. Hope--Mr. Newman resigns St. Mary's--Correspondence of Mr.
+Newman and Mr. Hope on the 'Lives of the English Saints'--Mr. Ward's
+Condemnation--Mr. Hope sees the 'Shadow of the Cross' through the Press--
+Engaged with 'Scripture Prints,' 'Pupilla Oculi,' &c.--Lady G. Fullerton's
+Recollections of J. R. Hope--He proposes to make a Retreat at Littlemore
+
+CHAPTER XX. 1844, 1845.
+
+Mr. Hope's Tour on the Continent in 1844--Visit to Munich--Dr. Pusey's
+'Library of Roman Catholic Works'--Dr. Pusey and the Spiritual Exercises--
+His Opinion of the Discipline--Mr. Hope's Visit to Tetschen in 1844--Count
+Leo Thun and his Friends--Mr. Hope's Interview with Prince Metternich--The
+Hon. Sir R. Gordon, Ambassador at Vienna--Visit to Prince Palffy and to
+Prince Liechtenstein--The Hungarian Diet at Presburg--Letter of Manzoni to
+J. R. Hope--Visit to Rome--Bishop Grant and Mr. Hope--Mr. Hope resigns
+Chancellorship of Salisbury--Dr. Pusey and the Stone Altar Case--Mr.
+Oakeley and Mr. Hope--Scottish Episcopalian Church and its Office--Mr.
+Gladstone endeavours to hold Mr. Hope back--Proposes Tour in Ireland--
+Conversion of Mr. Newman--Mr. Hope on the Essay on Development--Letter of
+Mr. Newman to J. R. Hope from Rome--Reopening of Correspondence with Mr.
+Newman
+
+CHAPTER XXI. 1845-1851.
+
+Mr. Hope's Doubts of Anglicanism--Correspondence with Mr. Gladstone--
+Correspondence of J. R. Hope and Mr. Gladstone continued--Mr. Gladstone
+advises Active Works of Charity--Bishop Philpotts advises Mr. Hope to go
+into Parliament--Mr. Hope and Mr. Gladstone in Society--Mr. Hope on the
+Church Affairs of Canada--Dr. Hampden, Bishop of Hereford--The Troubles at
+Leeds--Mr. Hope on the Jewish Question, &c.--The Gorham Case--The Curzon
+Street Resolutions--The 'Papal Aggression' Commotion--Correspondence of Mr.
+Hope and Mr. Manning--Their Conversion--Opinions of Friends on Mr. Hope's
+Conversion--Mr. Gladstone--Father Roothaan, F.G. Soc. Jes., to Count
+Senfft--Dr. Dollinger--Mr. Hope to Mr. Badeley--Conversion of Mr. W.
+Palmer
+
+CHAPTER XXII. 1839-1869.
+
+Review of Mr. Hope's Professional Career--His View of Secular Pursuits--
+Advice from Archdeacon Manning against Overwork--Early Professional
+Services to Government--J. R. Hope adopts the Parliamentary Bar--His
+Elements of Success--Is made Q.C.--Difficulty about Supremacy Oath--Mr.
+Venables on Mr. Hope-Scott as a Pleader--Recollections of Mr. Cameron--Mr.
+Hope-Scott on his own Profession--Mr. Hope-Scott's Professional Day--
+Regular History of Practice not Feasible--Specimens of Cases: 1. The
+Caledonian Railway interposing a Tunnel. 2. Award by Mr. Hope-Scott and R,
+Stephenson. 3. Mersey Conservancy and Docks Bill, 'Parliamentary Hunting-
+day,' Liverpool and Manchester compared. 4. London, Brighton, and South
+Coast and the Beckenham Line. 5. Scottish Railways--an Amalgamation Case--
+Mr. Hope-Scott and Mr. Denison; Honourable Conduct of Mr. Hope-Scott as a
+Pleader. 6. Dublin Trunk Connecting Railway. 7. Professional Services of
+Mr. Hope-Scott to Eton--Claims of Clients on Time--Value of Ten Minutes--
+Conscientiousness--Professional Income--Extra Occupations--Affection of Mr.
+Hope-Scott for Father Newman--Spirit in which he laboured
+
+CHAPTER XXIII. 1847-1858.
+
+Mr. Hope's Engagement to Charlotte Lockhart--Memorial of Charlotte
+Lockhart--Their Marriage--Mr. Lockhart's Letter to Mr. J. R. Hope on his
+Conversion--Filial Piety of Mr. Hope--Conversion of Lord and Lady Henry
+Kerr--Domestic Life at Abbotsford--Visit of Dr. Newman to Abbotsford in
+1852--Birth of Mary Monica Hope-Scott--Bishop Grant on Early Education--Mr.
+Lockhart's Home Correspondence--Death of Walter Lockhart Scott--Mr. Hope
+takes the Name of Hope-Scott--Last Illness and Death of Mr. Lockhart--
+Death of Lady Hope--Letter of Lord Dalhousie--Mr. Hope-Scott purchases a
+Highland Estate--Death of Mrs. Hope-Scott and her Two Infants--Letters of
+Mr. Hope-Scott, in his Affliction, to Dr. Newman and Mr. Gladstone--Verses
+in 1858--Letter of Dr. Newman on receiving them
+
+CHAPTER XXIV. 1859-1870.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's Return to his Profession--Second Marriage--Lady Victoria
+Howard--Mr. Hope-Scott at Hyeres--Portraits of Mr. Hope-Scott--
+Miscellaneous Recollections--Mr. Hope-Scott in the Highlands--Ways of
+Building--Story of Second-sight at Lochshiel
+
+CHAPTER XXV. 1867-1869.
+
+Visit of Queen Victoria to Abbotsford in 1867--Mr. Hope-Scott's
+Improvements at Abbotsford--Mr. Hope-Scott's Polities--Toryism in Early
+Life--Constitutional Conservatism--Mr. Hope-Scott as an Irish and a
+Highland Proprietor--Correspondence on Politics with Mr. Gladstone, and
+with Lord Henry Kerr in 1868--Speech at Arundel in 1869
+
+CHAPTER XXVI. 1851-1873.
+
+Religious Life of Mr. Hope-Scott--Motives of Conversion--Acceptance of the
+Dogma of Infallibility--The 'Angelus' on the Committee-room Stairs--Faith
+in the Real Presence--Books of Devotion--The Society of Jesus--Letter of
+Mrs. Bellasis--Mr. Hope-Scott's Manners--His Generosity--Courage in
+admonishing--Habits of Prayer--Services to Catholicity--Remark of Lord
+Blachford--The Catholic University of Ireland--Cardinal Newman's Dedication
+of his 'University Sketches' to Mr. Hope-Scott--Aid in the Achilli Trial--
+Mr. Badeley's Speech--Charitable Bequests--Westminster Missions--Repeal of
+Titles Act--Statement of Mr. Hope-Scott--Letter to Right Hon. S. Walpole--
+Correspondence with the Duke of Norfolk--Scottish Education Bill, 1869--
+Parliamentary Committee on Convents--Services of Mr. Hope-Scott to
+Catholicity in Legal Advice to Priests and Convents--Other Charities in
+Advice, &c.--Private Charities, their General Character--Probable Amount of
+them--Missions on the Border--Galashiels--Abbotsford--Letter of Pere de
+Ravignan, S.J.--Kelso--Letter of Father Taggart--Burning of the Church at
+Kelso--Charge of the Lord Justice-Clerk--Article from the 'Scotsman '--
+Missions in the Western Highlands--Moidart--Mr. Hope-Scott's Purchase of
+Lochshiel--'Road-making'--Dr. Newman's 'Grammar of Assent'--Mr. Hope-
+Scott's Kindness to his Highland Tenants--Builds School and Church at
+Mingarry--Church at Glenuig--Sells Dorlin to Lord Howard of Glossop--Other
+Scottish Missions aided by Mr. Hope-Scott--His Irish Tenantry--His
+Charities at Hyeres
+
+CHAPTER XXVII. 1868-1873.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's Speech on Termination of Guardianship to the Duke of
+Norfolk--Failure in Mr. Hope-Scott's Health--Exhaustion after a Day's
+Pleading--His Neglect of Exercise--Death of Mr. Badeley--Letter of Dr.
+Newman--Last Correspondence of Mr. Hope and the Bishop of Salisbury
+(Hamilton)--Dr. Newman's Friendship for Mr. Hope-Scott and Serjeant
+Bellasis--Mr. Hope-Scott proposes to retire--Birth of James Fitzalan Hope--
+Death of Lady Victoria Hope-Scott--Mr. Hope-Scott retires from his
+Profession--Edits Abridgment of Lockhart, which he dedicates to Mr.
+Gladstone--Dr. Newman on Sir Walter Scott--Visit of Dr. Newman to
+Abbotsford in 1872--Mr. Hope-Scott's Last Illness--His Faith and
+Resignation--His Death--Benediction of the Holy Father--Requiem Mass for
+Mr. Hope-Scott at the Jesuit Church, Farm Street--Funeral Ceremonies at St.
+Margaret's, Edinburgh--Cardinal Newman and Mr. Gladstone on Mr. Hope-Scott
+
+APPENDIX I.
+
+Funeral Sermon by his Eminence Cardinal Newman, preached at the Requiem
+Mass for Mr. Hope-Scott, at the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm
+Street, May 5, 1873
+
+APPENDIX II.
+
+Words spoken in the Chapel of the Ursulines of Jesus, St. Margaret's
+Convent, Edinburgh, on the 7th day of May, 1873, at the Funeral of James
+Robert Hope-Scott, Q.C. By the Rev. William J. Amherst, S.J.
+
+APPENDIX III.
+
+The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P., to Miss Hope-Scott [now the Hon. Mrs.
+Maxwell Scott]
+
+APPENDIX IV.
+
+Verses by J. R. Hope-Scott
+
+TABLE OF LETTERS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MEMOIRS
+
+OF
+
+JAMES ROBERT HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1841-1842.
+
+Mr. Hope's Pamphlet on the Jerusalem Bishopric--His Value for the Canon
+Law--Continued Correspondence of Mr. Hope and Mr. Newman on the Jerusalem
+Bishopric--Mr. Newman's Idea of a Monastery--Mr. Newman writes from
+Littlemore, April 22, 1842--Dr. Pusey consults Mr. Hope on his Letter to
+the Archbishop of Canterbury--Dr. Pusey and the Jerusalem Bishopric--
+Letters of Archdeacon Manning, Mr. W. Palmer, Sir John T. Coleridge, Sir F.
+Palgrave, Bishop Philpotts, and Count Senfft, on Mr. Hope's Pamphlet.
+
+
+Two days after the date of the letter to Lady Henry Kerr, given in the
+preceding chapter (Dec. 20, 1841), took place the publication of Mr. Hope's
+pamphlet on the Anglo-Prussian Bishopric of Jerusalem. It may be described
+as a learned and very closely reasoned argument against the measure; and a
+dry (even if correct) analysis of it would be of little biographical
+interest, especially as Mr. Hope's views on the question have already been
+abundantly illustrated from unpublished materials. I therefore refer those
+of my readers who wish for more extended information to the pamphlet
+itself, but shall quote from the Postscript to the second edition
+[Footnote: _The Bishopric of the United Church of England and Ireland at
+Jerusalem_, considered in a Letter to a Friend, by James R. Hope,
+B.C.L., Scholar of Merton, and Chancellor of the Diocese of Salisbury.
+Second edition, revised, with a Postscript. London: C.J. Stewart. 1842.] an
+eloquent passage on Canon Law, which is as characteristic of the writer as
+anything I have yet been able to produce, and exhibits, I think, in a
+striking manner how singularly this austere subject constituted at the time
+the poetry of his life, and how largely the conflict between the principles
+of Catholic jurisprudence and Anglicanism must have influenced the
+reflections which ended in his conversion. Mr. Hope here refers to some
+remarks on his pamphlet which had appeared in one by the Rev. Frederick
+Denison Maurice, entitled 'Three Letters to the Rev. W. Palmer, &c.'
+(Rivington: 1842).
+
+_Value of the Science of Canon Law._
+
+[Mr. Maurice] sets all lawyers at nought, and canonists he utterly
+despises. Hastily, indeed, I think, and for the purpose of the moment only,
+can he have given way to such feelings, for he needs not that I should tell
+him that the Church of Christ rests not upon speculative truth alone, but
+upon the positive institutions of our Lord and His Apostles. Surely, then,
+to trace those institutions from the lowest point at which they come into
+contact with human existence, up to the highest to which our eye can follow
+them, the point of union with the unseen world in which they take their
+rise, and from which they are the channels of grace and truth and authority
+to the souls of men--to trace, I say, the outward and the visible signs of
+sacraments, of polity, of discipline, up to the inward spiritual realities
+upon which they depend, which they impart and represent to faith, or
+shelter from profanation; to study the workings of the hidden life of the
+Church by those developments which, in all ages and countries, have been
+its necessary modes of access to human feeling and apprehension; to
+systematise the end gained; to learn what is universal, what partial, what
+temporary, what eternal, what presently obligatory, and wherefore; surely a
+science such as this, so noble in its object, so important in its practical
+bearings upon the unity and purity of the Church, and upon her relations to
+the temporal power, is not one of which Mr. Maurice would deliberately
+speak evil. Yet this is the science of the canonist. [Footnote: Mr. Hope's
+pamphlet on the _Jerusalem Bishopric_, 2nd ed., p. 55.]
+
+There are still portions of his correspondence with Mr. Newman, belonging
+to the same period and subject, which must not be withheld:--
+
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq. to the Rev. J. H. Newman._
+
+6 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn: December 21, 1841.
+
+
+Dear Newman,--Your speedy reply and return of my proofs was very kind. The
+_hard_ passages I did not know how to make easy, as they are pure law,
+so have left them.... I hear that the Bishop of London refused a man orders
+last week on three points--Eucharistic sacrifice in _any sense_, real
+presence in elements, grace in orders. The second point (being also the
+Bishop of Winchester's) I have illustrated in a note to my pamphlet (very
+briefly) by reference to Augsburg Confession.
+
+You see the young Prince is to have a R. Catholic sponsor on one hand, and
+the King of Prussia on the other. This is a good balance, though the Canon
+tolerates neither....
+
+Ever yours,
+
+J. K. HOPE.
+
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+
+My dear Hope,--... You take the canons of 1603 as _legal authority_, I
+see. This has been a bone in my throat. I _wish_ them to show the
+animus of our Church, but directly you make them authority, the unhappy
+Ward is _ipso facto_ excommunicate for having been to Oscott, until he
+repent of his wicked error. But there is no resisting law.
+
+Palmer's 'Aids to Reflection' contain some very valuable documents.
+
+What the Bishops are doing is most serious, as well as unjustifiable, as I
+think. Really one does not know but they may meet in council and bring out
+some tests which will have the effect forthwith of precipitating us, and
+leaving the Church clean Protestant. Pray, does a _majority_ bind in
+such a council? I mean in the way of canons. Can a majority determine the
+doctrine of the Church? If so, we had need look out for cheap lodgings....
+
+Ever yours,
+
+John H. Newman.
+
+Oriel College: December 23, 1841.
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq. to the Rev. J. H. Newman._
+
+Palace, Salisbury: December 31, 1841.
+
+Dear Newman,--I am again settled here for ten days or so.... As to the
+Bishops meeting and making tests, they can _in law_ do nothing, except
+in Convocation, with the Presbyters and under licence of the Crown. They
+may, however, as heads of dioceses, agree to enforce particular things, but
+there is not, I think, sufficient unity amongst them at present to allow of
+this. The Jerusalem business I hope is yet to be of good service to us, by
+rallying men of various shades against it, and by making the Bishops stand
+up against what cannot be called otherwise than usurpation of their rights
+by the Archbishop and the Bishop of London. The Bishop of Exeter, in
+acknowledging (to Badeley) the receipt of my pamphlet, says:--
+
+'Would that those who direct proceedings of this hazardous and most
+questionable character may take warning from the effects of their
+inconsiderateness on this occasion! I doubt whether any three Bishops were
+consulted, or even informed, before the measure was completed.' This looks,
+I think, like action....
+
+When I publish again, I should like to bring out more fully the bearing of
+the Augsburg Confession on the Thirty-nine Articles. I perhaps overrate the
+importance of this point, but it seems to me to put Tract 90 in great
+measure under the sanction of the Archbishop and Bishop of London. If you
+think of doing anything more about Tract 90, perhaps (which would be far
+better) you would take this up. If not, do you think you could get any one
+to collect for me the sense of Luther, Melanchthon, &c., as to the meaning
+of the chief articles of the Aug. Conf. I have always understood
+consubstantiation to be properly held under that document, and, if so, the
+admission of it with our Articles will appear to many people very awkward.
+You must not think me unreasonable for thinking that you can get this done
+for me (as you did the search about canons) at Oxford. Were our colleges
+what they ought to be, there would be in each a concurrence of labour
+whenever required, and I believe that you have men about you who have the
+feeling from which this (if ever it does) must spring.
+
+I am not without hope that some public move may be made about the
+bishopric. What say you to an address to the Crown, praying it to license
+the discussion of it in Convocation? I think some Bishops and many clergy
+would join in this, and it would, I suppose, be very 'constitutional.' I
+have not, however, looked up the formal part yet. Tell me what you think of
+the thing, and I will consider it further....
+
+(Signed) J. R. Hope.
+
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+January 3, 1842.
+
+My dear Hope,--A happy new year to you and all of us--and, what is even
+more needed, to the English Church. I am afraid of moving about
+Convocation. Not that we should not be in safer hands than in those of the
+Bishops, but, though it restrained their acts, it would abridge our
+liberty. Or it might formally recognise our Protestantism. What can we hope
+from a body, the best members of which, as Hook and Palmer [of Worcester
+Coll.], defend and subscribe to the Jerusalem Fund...? Therefore I do not
+like to be _responsible_ for helping to call into existence a body
+which may embarrass us more than we are at present.
+
+I think your [Greek: topos] about the Augsburg Confession a very important
+one, and directly more men come back will set a friend to work upon it.
+
+I am almost in despair of keeping men together. The only possible way is a
+monastery. Men want an outlet for their devotional and penitential
+feelings, and if we do not grant it, to a dead certainty they will go where
+they can find it. This is the beginning and the end of the matter. Yet the
+clamour is so great, and will be so much greater, that if I persist, I
+expect (though I am not speaking from anything that has _occurred_)
+that I shall be stopped. Not that I have any intention of doing more at
+present than laying the foundation of what may be.
+
+... Are we really to be beaten in this election [for the Poetry
+Professorship]? I will tell you a secret (if you care to know it) which not
+above three or four persons know. We have 480 promises. Is it then
+hopeless? ... I don't think our enemies would beat 600; at least, it would
+be no triumph....
+
+The Bishop of Exeter has for these eight years, ever since the commencement
+of the Ecclesiastical Commission, been biding his time, and the Duke of
+Wellington last spring disgusted him much. This both makes it likely that
+he will now move, and also diminishes the force of the very words you
+quote, for peradventure they are ordinary with him. I have good hopes that
+he will.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+John H. Newman.
+
+The experiment of offering to minds which had lost all sympathy with
+Protestantism, yet were unable to close with Rome, an imitation of the
+monastic life by way of shelter from the rude checks which their
+aspirations sustained in the world without, seems to have answered for a
+time, and possibly retarded for about three years that rush of conversion
+which made 1845 such an epoch in the history even of the Church. This may
+be inferred from the next letter, written shortly after Mr. Newman and his
+disciples were regularly settled at Littlemore. I am not aware what the
+report was which he so emphatically denies.
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+April 22, 1842. _Dabam è Domo S. M. V. apud Littlemore._
+
+My dear Hope,--Does not this portentous date promise to outweigh any
+negative I can give to your question in the mind of the inquirer? for any
+one who could ask such a question would think such a dating equivalent to
+the answer. However, if I must answer in form, I believe it to be one great
+absurdity and untruth from beginning to end, though it is hard I must
+answer for _every_ hundred men in the _whole_ kingdom. Negatives
+are dangerous: all I can say, however, is that I don't believe, or suspect,
+or fear any such occurrence, and look upon it as neither probable nor
+improbable, but simply untrue.
+
+We are all much quieter and more resigned than we were, and are remarkably
+desirous of building up a position, and proving that the English theory is
+tenable, or rather, the English state of things. If the Bishops let us
+alone, the fever will subside.
+
+[After a few words on business] I wish you would say how you are.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN.
+
+Early in 1842 came out Dr. Pusey's 'Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury
+on some Circumstances connected with the Present Crisis in the Church.' In
+the preparation of this important pamphlet Dr. Pusey sought the advice of
+Mr. Hope, and the letter in which he asked it must be placed before the
+reader as an evidence of the value attached to Mr. Hope's opinion in the
+counsels of the party.
+
+_The Rev. Dr. Pusey to J. E. Hope, Esq._
+
+My dear Hope,--You will be surprised that I should consult you as a layman
+and a younger man as to a work on the religious state of things, but I do
+it on N.'s suggestion, as seeing and being able to judge of men's minds;
+and ye question is not as to _what_ is said, but whether it is
+expedient to say it, and for me; what will be its probable effect.
+
+The origin of it was my visit to Addington last autumn: after my return
+Harrison wrote me some long letters, recommending that one shd take
+occasion of ye Bishops' charges, under wh people writhed so much, to make
+one's defence, show that one was not so unsound as one seemed, and plead
+for sympathy. [Footnote: This fondness for the use of the indefinite
+pronoun very much characterised the Puseyite dialect, as I have somewhere
+read that it did the Jansenist. The _phase_ which it marked may he
+seen fully developed in the tract 'On Reserve,' by Isaac Williams.] I was
+unwilling to leave what I was doing and put myself forward; but as H. told
+me that he had spoken on ye subject with ye Abp, it seemed to come with his
+authority, so I set myself to it. It has been delayed until now, waiting in
+part for unpublished charges, and for ye documents about ye Jerus. Bpric.
+It is now about finished, and wd occupy about ten sheets; what I send is,
+then, not half. The object of ye analysis of the Bishops' charges is to
+show that some do not object to our main principles, but to matters of
+detail; that others (as the Bps of Chester, Winchester, Calcutta) do not
+object to our principles at all, but to certain principles which they
+conceive to be ours. The effect of both, I hoped, wd be that our friends,
+who were fretted by these charges, wd see that neither we nor (wh alone
+signifies) Catholic truth is condemned, that others mt be better disposed
+towards us, and that the hint mt be taken in some charges this year.
+Anyhow, that there wd seem less of a consent of Bishops agst us, I was
+rather sanguine about this part. Then there follows something about the
+Jerusalem Bishopric and the East and Lutheranism, my object being to say
+that things are safe so long as the Bishops do not make any organic changes
+in our Church, or she be committed to any wrong principle. I conclude with
+some pages meant incidentally to reassure persons about ourselves, and of
+our good hopes and confidence and love for our Church. This I have been
+urged to do in some way or other by several, _e.g._ E. Churton,
+confidence having been terribly shaken by Golightly's wild sayings, and by
+the version put upon my own visits to ye convents. This I could do by
+implication without any formal profession.
+
+[Illustration: Private]
+
+Newman was against it from the first; he thought H. wanted to commit me to
+say things which N. thought I could not say; in a word, to express H.'s own
+views. About this I did not feel any difficulty, for having put forth
+doctrinal statements in my two last letters, I did not feel called upon to
+do it again, and so I went on. N. now likes it much in itself; indeed, he
+tells me he likes it the best of anything which I have written, but does
+not feel his former opinion removed; but he wished me to take another
+opinion. People seem to like the notion. The only part about which I have
+any misgiving is in these first slips, lest the picture of the temptations
+to Romanism should seem too strong; and yet, unless our Bishops realise
+that this tendency has some deeper foundation than any writings of ours,
+what they will do will be in a wrong direction.
+
+For myself, of course, I do not care what people think of me; and, on the
+other hand, one does not like to waste what one has employed time upon; but
+I am quite willing to give it up and be still, if it seems best; of course,
+one should be very sorry to add to our confusions.
+
+No one has suggested the mere omission of ye Romanist part. Jelf only (who
+had seen that part only without some additions which I have since made,
+that I might not seem gratuitously to exalt Rome to the disparagement of
+our own Church) suggested that it be printed only to send to ye Bishops. N.
+thinks this of no use. I have no other opinions. But I am entangling you
+with the opinions of others, when I meant to ask you yours simply. I know
+you will not mind ye trouble.
+
+Yours affectionately, E. B. PUSEY.
+
+Christ Church: September 27.
+
+The Romanist part, of course, has not ye Abp's sanction, and it must be so
+expressed.
+
+In the date of the above letter 'September' is struck out; 'January'
+substituted, and '42' added in Mr. Hope-Scott's hand, I think. How this
+is to be explained I do not know, but Dr. Pusey can hardly have made such a
+clerical error. Mr. Hope-Scott has endorsed the letter: 'I recommended
+publication, with some alterations and additions.--J. R. H.'
+
+Whatever influence Dr. Pusey may at an earlier period have exercised on the
+religious views of Mr. Hope must have been a good deal shaken by his
+inclination in the first instance to favour the Jerusalem Bishopric,
+followed, indeed, by a disapproval, but one far short of the energy with
+which Mr. Hope himself combated the measure.
+
+_The Rev. E.B. Pusey to J.R. Hope, Esq._
+
+My dear Hope,--I thank you much for your 'letter,' which I had been looking
+for anxiously, but which by some mistake was not forwarded to me, so that I
+only saw it two days ago. It is very satisfactory to me; it seems quite to
+settle the point as to the duty of Bp A. I was also very much cheered to
+see yr own more hopeful view of things in our Church.
+
+I am a good deal discomforted by this visit of ye Kg. of Pr. It seems so
+natural for persons to wish that Episcopacy shd be bestowed upon those who
+desire to receive; and people for ye most part have very little or no
+notion as to ye unsoundness even of the sounder part of ye G. Divines. As
+far as I have heard of ye progress of truth there, the restoration of Xty
+in some shape has been far more rapid than I anticipated or dared hope, the
+soundness of the restoration far less.
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+E. B. PUSEY.
+
+116 Marine Parade, Brighton: January 7, 1842.
+
+In another letter, dated Sexagesima Sunday [January 30], 1842, Dr. Pusey
+says:--
+
+
+I do not know your [Greek: topos] about ye Augsburg Conf. I have very
+little, next to nothing, about it. Do not leave anything for me. Each can
+do best what he feels most. I should be very sorry to take anything out of
+your hands; and altogether I can say ye less about this because, wretched
+as it would be that we should appear in ye E. connected with Lutherans, I
+do not feel that it would introduce any organic change in us, and so cannot
+anticipate that it would.
+
+I see that the Conf. of Augs. does not express consubstantiation. Art. X.
+may express Catholic doctrine.
+
+
+I subjoin a few more letters from Mr. Hope's correspondence relating to his
+pamphlet on the Jerusalem Bishopric question, interesting as it is in
+itself, and forming so great a crisis in his religious history.
+
+_The Ven. Archdeacon Manning [since Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster]
+to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+December 30, 1841.
+
+My dear Hope,--I have this moment ended your pamphlet, and will not wait
+for a cooler moment to thank you. I do so heartily. God grant we may be
+true and manly in affirming the broad rule of Catholic order. I add my
+thanks to you in another shape. In your last three or four pages you and I
+were nearing each other's thoughts. It is refreshing to find an answer at a
+distance. Forgive my long neglect of the enclosed paper, which after all
+bears only my name, and probably too late for use.
+
+Ever yours, dear Hope, most sincerely,
+
+H. E. MANNING.
+
+
+_The Rev. William Palmer (of Magdalen College, Oxford) to J. R. Hope,
+Esq._
+
+Mixbury, near Brackley: December 29, 1841.
+
+Dear Hope,--I am much obliged to you for sending me a copy of your letter,
+which I have read with the greatest pleasure.... I see that in the
+statement just published by authority, _no Prussian_ documents are
+given. I think your letter will be a puzzling one; but the spirit of
+practical Protestantism is subtle and versatile, and able to set aside
+everything--laws, principles, rubrics, and canons. Else I do not see how
+the mischief which I apprehend could be realised.
+
+Ever yours sincerely,
+
+W. Palmer
+
+P.S.--I am glad you think my pamphlet may be useful. We have taken entirely
+different sides of the same subject; I the theoretical (as it seemed to
+me), and you the practical view of the question.
+
+_Sir John Taylor Coleridge to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+My dear Hope,--Many thanks for your letter, which I have read through with,
+I may say, a painful interest. Of course, in a matter so difficult in
+itself, and so new, I must confess, to me, I do not take on me at once to
+pronounce that you are right, but I cannot at present find out where you
+are wrong; and I am the more inclined to think that you may be right
+because I see in the Act just words enough to satisfy people rather
+precipitate that the Prussian scheme might be carried through safely on
+them. 'Spiritual jurisdiction,' 'over other Protestant congregations,'
+would seem to ordinary minds enough--till it was further considered
+_how_ the English Bishop was to work out the scheme by virtue of these
+words, and yet be consistent with his own engagements.
+
+I shall not be sorry, however, to find that you are answered; not that I
+wish to accomplish, or seem rather to accomplish _any_ end by a
+disorderly and indigested attempt at union; nor do I think _this_
+thing of itself so important as many do: still it is one which very much
+arrests the imagination, and excites strong devotional feeling; and I
+rather looked on it as leading to more important matters with Prussia
+itself. I cannot, too, help a little more personal feeling for the Bishop
+than it fell within our plan to express--a good and pious man, I believe,
+but not by intellect or previous habits fitted to meet such emergencies as
+you place before him.
+
+Very truly yours,
+
+J. T. Coleridge.
+
+December 30,1841.
+
+Montague Place.
+
+_Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H. to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Rolls House: January 4, 1842.
+
+My dear Sir,--I ought before this to have thanked you for your kindness in
+sending me your most able letter, but I did not like to do so until I had
+read it with that attention which it deserves.
+
+It is difficult to understand how your arguments can possibly be shaken.
+The statute 25 Hen. VIII. c. 21 evidently relates only to such
+dispensations upon the suit or for the benefit of individuals as had been
+theretofore usually issued by the Roman Chancery, and to wrest it into the
+power of establishing an _uncanonical_ see appears a most bold
+attempt.
+
+Nothing would more clearly show the true relation of the Church of England
+to 'other Protestant churches' than a reprint of the _whole_
+proceedings of the Convocations from William and Mary to their extinction--
+adding proper notes.
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+Francis Palgrave.
+
+_The Right Rev. Dr. Philpotts, Bishop of Exeter, to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Bishopstowe, Torquay: November 10, 1842.
+
+My dear Sir,--Permit me to ask you whether you can receive and answer a
+case of ecclesiastical law? That you can answer it better than any other
+man I have no doubt; but can you receive the case _professionally_, so
+as to enable a Bishop to show your opinion as his authority for action?
+
+I have never thanked you for your kindness in sending me a copy of the
+second edition of 'The Bishopric of the U. C., &c., at Jerusalem,' for I am
+ashamed to own I have never, till this day, read the new matter which it
+gives to us. Accept now my hearty thanks for your kindness to me in sending
+to me a copy, and my still heartier acknowledgments of your invaluable
+service to the Church in furnishing it with such a lesson.
+
+You have, of course, seen the 'Alterius orbis Papa's' letter of June 18 to
+the King of Prussia, and have, with me, wondered at the mixture of temerity
+and cowardice (which latter quality, by the way, is the rashest of all
+feelings) indicated in such a mode of escaping from the difficulties by
+which he was pressed.
+
+I grieve for this marvellous indiscretion. But I am amused by the bolder
+defiance of all consistency which is exhibited by his prime Adviser, who,
+while he prompts his Chief to trample Rubrics, Canons, Statutes, under his
+feet, commands His own Clergy to observe them 'with Chinese exactness.'
+
+I went to your second edition, in order that I might find your promised
+remarks on the need in which the Church stands of a Church Legislature. I
+have read them with great gratification, and implore your close attention
+to the subject. My Clergy are, I believe, about to meet and to address me
+to urge on the Archbishop their earnest desire of leave from the Crown for
+Convocation to consider the best means of altering its own constitution, or
+otherwise devising a new Body empowered and fitted to act synodically.
+
+This is, at present, somewhat of a secret, but it will in a few days, I
+believe, transpire.
+
+From other quarters, I hear, similar proceedings may be expected. The
+Bishop of Llandaff tells me that he makes the necessity of a Church
+Legislature one topic in his Charge.
+
+Yours, my dear Sir,
+
+Most faithfully,
+
+H. EXETER.
+
+[P.S.] Pray tell me whether you think the argument in my Charge on Escott
+_v_. Mastin is now tolerably effective?
+
+What 'oath of obedience' is the ordained German to take to the Bishop? Not
+Canonical--that is plain. What oath can it be? Of course, it will hardly be
+an absolute promise on oath to obey all commands. All _lawful_
+commands would involve a question--what are lawful commands? Who is to
+judge? What law is to be the rule?
+
+Somebody named by the King is to attest for the Candidates their
+qualification for the _Pastoral Office_; but the Bishop is 'to
+convince himself of their qualifications for the _especial_ duties of
+their office, of the purity of their faith, and of their _desire to
+receive ordination_ at his hands!'
+
+What is meant by the Clergyman's preparing Candidates for Confirmation in
+the _usual_ manner? Usual _where_? in Prussia or in England?
+
+Have they baptised Godfathers in Prussia? If they have not, how can they be
+confirmed according to the Liturgy of the U. C. of E. and I.?
+
+To these letters from such distinguished co-religionists of Mr. Hope's, all
+belonging, with various shades of difference, to his own religious party, I
+add a portion of one, bearing on the same subject, from a Catholic and
+foreign friend of his who has been mentioned in a previous
+chapter,[Footnote: Vol. i. chap. xiii. p. 246.] Count Senfft-Pilsach. The
+contrast will be interesting; and it is also interesting to record a
+specimen of an influence, no doubt beginning to be more and more felt,
+though years had to pass before the result was visible in action. Count
+Senfft, though an active diplomatist, a friend of Metternich's, and quite
+in the great European world, was an example of the union, so often found in
+the lives of the saints, of deep retirement and devotion in the very thick
+of affairs; and we may be sure that his prayers for Mr. Hope were
+faithfully applied to assist his arguments.
+
+_Count Senfft-Pilsach to J. R. Hope, Esq_.
+
+La Haye: 21 Janvier, 1842
+
+Mon cher Hope,-- ... J'ai lu avec un vif intérêt vos réflexions sur ce
+nouvel Evêché de Jérusalem, dont on paraît vouloir faire un lien entre
+l'Église anglicane et le Protestantisme Evangélique de Prusse, en cherchant
+à vivifier les ossemens arides de celui-ci par une sorte de greffe de votre
+Episcopat auquel nous contestons encore, comme question, la continuité de
+la succession Apostolique. Si on réussiroit dans ce projet, une partie de
+vos objections pourroient se résoudre. Mais M. Bunsen, l'artisan de la
+complication de Cologne, n'a pas la main heureuse, et la fécondité de son
+génie, secondant son ardeur de courtisan, pourroit bien, en prétendant
+servir les tendances vagues de piété de son maître, embarquer celui-ci dans
+les plus graves difficultés en provoquant l'opposition des vieux protestans
+réunis aux rationalistes allemands. 'Quid foditis vobis cisternas
+dissipatas?' O mon ami! Comment s'arrêter à quelques abus plus apparens
+peut-être que réels, que l'Église supporte çà et là sans les autoriser, et
+ne pas reconnoître cette admirable unité de doctrine, cette continuité de
+la Tradition, qui caractérise la cité bâtie sure la montagne, figure de la
+véritable Église selon l'Évangile. Certes ce n'est pas sous la domination
+de César qu'on pourroit aller chercher l'Épouse légitime de J. C. Mais
+doit-on espérer la trouver dans la création combinée de la volonté
+tyrannique de Henri VIII. et de la politique d'Elisabeth, tandis que la
+Doctrine comme la Discipline du Concile de Trente ne vous laisse rien à
+désirer, et conquiert déjà vos suffrages?...
+
+J'ose compter partant sur votre intérêt amical, et vous connoissez les
+sentimens sincères d'attachement et de respect avec lesquels je suis à
+jamais
+
+Tout à vous, SENFFT.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1842-3.
+
+Oxford Commotions of 1842-3--Mr. Newman's Retractation--Correspondence of
+Mr. Newman and J. R. Hope on the Subject--Mr. Hope pleads for Mr.
+Macmullen--Dr. Pusey suspended for his Sermon on the Holy Eucharist--Seeks
+Advice from Mr. Hope--Mr. Newman resigns St. Mary's--Correspondence of Mr.
+Newman and Mr. Hope on the 'Lives of the English Saints'--Mr. Ward's
+Condemnation--Mr. Hope sees the 'Shadow of the Cross' through the Press--
+Engaged with 'Scripture Prints,' 'Pupilla Oculi,' &c.--Lady G. Fullerton's
+Recollections of J. R. Hope--He proposes to make a Retreat at Littlemore.
+
+
+It results in general from the documents furnished in the preceding
+chapter, that Mr. Hope's confidence in the Anglican Church had sustained a
+severe shock by the Jerusalem Bishopric movement; and from about the year
+1842 he seems to have thrown himself with increasing energy into his
+professional occupations, not certainly as becoming less religious (for his
+was a mind never tempted to the loss of faith), but as being deprived of
+that scope which his convictions had formerly presented to him in the
+pursuit of ecclesiastical objects. It seems probable, also, that the same
+cause was not unconnected with his entering, some years later, into the
+married life; the news of which step is known to have fallen like a knell
+on the minds of those who looked up to him and shared his religious
+feelings, as it appeared a sign that he no longer thought the ideal
+perfection presented by the celibate life--which he certainly contemplated
+in 1840-1--was congenial with the spirit of the Church of England. That
+communion was now losing her hold upon him, though he still could not make
+up his mind to leave her, and might conceivably never have done so but for
+events which forced the change upon him at last. His professional career
+and his habits in domestic life will require to be separately described;
+for, though of course they proceeded simultaneously with a large part of
+that phase of his existence which is now before us, it would only confuse
+the reader to pass continually from one to the other. I propose, therefore,
+without any interruption that can be avoided, to go on with the history of
+his religious development up to the period of his conversion.
+
+The year 1842, commencing, as we have seen, with the storms of the
+Jerusalem Bishopric movement and the Poetry Professorship contest, agitated
+also, towards the end of May, by a movement for the repeal of the Statute
+of Censure against Dr. Hampden, passed off, for the rest, quietly enough--
+at least, Mr. Hope's correspondence shows little to the contrary; but 1843
+was marked by much disturbance, commencing early with Mr. Newman's
+'Retractation,' which the great leader announced to Mr. Hope in the
+following letter a few days before that document appeared in the
+'Conservative Journal:'--
+
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Littlemore: In fest. Conv. S. Pauli, 1843.
+
+
+My dear Hope,--In return for your announcement of some change of purpose, I
+must tell you of one of my own, in a matter where I told you I was going to
+be very quiet.
+
+My conscience goaded me some two months since to an act which comes into
+effect, I believe, in the _Conservative Journal_ next Saturday, viz.
+to eat a few dirty words of mine. I had intended it for a time of peace,
+the beginning of December, but against my will and power the operation has
+been delayed, and now, unluckily, falls upon the state of irritation and
+suspicion in good Anglicans, which Bernard Smith's step [Footnote: The
+conversion of the Rev. Bernard Smith, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.]
+has occasioned. I had committed myself when all was quiet. The meeting of
+Parliament will, I hope, divert attention.
+
+
+Ever yrs,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN.
+
+
+P.S.--I am publishing my Univ. Sermons. You got a headache for _one_--
+it would be an act of gratitude to send you _all_. Shall I do so?
+
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq. to the Rev. J. H. Newman._
+
+6 Stone Buildings, Linc. Inn: Feast of Purification [Feb. 2], '43.
+
+Dear Newman,--You will think me ungracious for having so long delayed my
+answer to your last, but I did not get hold of the _Conservative
+Journal_ till Monday, and have been very busy since.
+
+Perhaps you will like to know what effect your article has produced on me.
+Simply this: it has convinced me that you are clearing your position of
+some popular protections which still surrounded it. Beyond this I do not
+see. I mean it does not show me that, esoterically, you have made any great
+move, nor yet that, to the world at large, you are disposed to do more than
+say, 'Do not cry me up as a champion against Popery; for the rest, you may
+judge of me as you please.' People whom I have heard speak of it (few,
+perhaps, but fair samples) are rather puzzled than anything else.
+
+I give you this merely as gossip, and not as asking whether my construction
+is right, though if you think it material or useful to tell me, of course I
+shall be glad.
+
+I need not say that I shall be very thankful for a copy of your sermons--
+that is, if you will write my name in it yourself; otherwise I will buy the
+book, for Rivington's 'from the author' does not fix the stamp which I
+chiefly value.
+
+Do you observe in the papers that Sir R. P. is designing _great_
+things for the Church? It gives me some hopes that they will also be
+_good_, to see that Gladstone is in his councils. We shall have much
+ado about the Eccl. Courts Bill, which, I believe, is certainly to come on.
+I am in some hopes we may make it an instrument for drawing a line between
+us and the Dissenters, but must not be sanguine.
+
+Believe me, dear Newman, ever yrs truly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+Rev. J. H. Newman.
+
+Mr. Newman wrote in explanation as follows:--
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Littlemore: February 3, 1843.
+
+My dear Hope,--It is amusing in me to talk of being tired of giving
+explanations, when I have neither given nor mean to give any; but so it is,
+whether my hand aches, or I am sick of the subject, I feel as if I have
+given a hundred. Since you ask me, I will say, as far as I can collect my
+thoughts on an instant, that my reason for writing and publishing that
+notice was (but first I will observe that I do not wish it talked about,
+though it is not worth while going into the reasons why I did it in the way
+I have. I did it thus after a good deal of thought and fidget, and not
+seeing any better way, _i.e._ clearer of objections)--but my reason
+for the _thing_ was my long-continued feeling of the great
+inconsistency I was in of letting things stand in print against me which I
+did not hold, and which I could not but be contradicting by my acting every
+day of my life. And more especially (_i.e._ it came home to me most
+vividly in that particular way) I felt that I was _taking people_ in;
+that they thought me what I was not, and were trusting me when they should
+not, and this has been at times a very painful feeling indeed. I don't want
+to be trusted (perhaps you may think my fear, even before this affair,
+somewhat amusing); but so it was and is; people _won't_ believe I go
+as far as I do--they will cling to their hopes. And then, again, intimate
+friends have almost reproached me with 'paltering with them in a double
+sense, keeping the word of promise to their ear, to break it to their
+hope.' They have said that my words against Rome often, when narrowly
+examined, were only what _I_ meant, but that the effect of them was
+what _others_ meant. I am not aware that I have any great motive for
+this paper beyond this--setting myself right, and wishing to be seen in my
+proper colours, and not unwilling to do such penance for wrong words as
+lies in the necessary criticism which such a retractation will involve on
+the part of friends and enemies; though, since nothing one does is without
+a meaning [that is, higher than one's own], things may come from it beyond
+my own meaning.
+
+Thanks for ... the information from newspapers, which you give me, of our
+hopes from Sir R. P., which I had not seen in them.
+
+By-the-bye, in the paper, for 'person's respect' near the end, read
+'persons I respect;' and 'to the editor' is fudge.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+J. H. NEWMAN.
+
+P.S.--Thanks for your flattering answers about my book. It must go,
+however, from Rivington's with 'from the author,' and I will add my own
+writing when we meet. Since you have had a specimen of the book (dose?), I
+may add, in opposition to you, that it will be the best, not the most
+perfect, book I have done. I mean there is more to develop in it, though it
+is _im_perfect. [Footnote: A week later (February 10, 1843) he writes
+to Mr. Hope: 'My University Sermons are the least theological book I have
+published.']
+
+The famous case of Macmullen _versus_ Hampden was disturbing the
+University for most of the latter half of the same year 1843. I can only
+give a mere chronological outline of it, which may assist such readers as
+wish to pursue the subject in consulting other sources of information. The
+Regius Professor of Divinity, Dr. Hampden, had refused to act as Moderator
+in the Schools, to enable the Rev. E. G. Macmullen, Fellow of Corpus
+Christi College, to make his exercises for the degree of B.D. [Mr.
+Macmullen, it should be remarked, was a strong opponent of the project at
+that time before the University, mentioned a few pages back, to reverse the
+condemnation which had been passed on Dr. Hampden when he was first
+appointed Regius Professor of Divinity.] Mr. Macmullen, on this refusal,
+brought an action into the Vice-Chancellor's Court on May 26, 1843, where,
+on June 2, Dr. Kenyon of All Souls' presiding, Mr. Hope appeared for Mr.
+Macmullen, Dr. Twiss on the other side. Dr. Kenyon pronounced in his favour
+on certain amended articles. Dr. Twiss appealed to the Delegates of
+Congregation (none of them lawyers), who heard the appeal on November 29,
+sitting from ten in the morning till seven at night. Mr. Erle and Dr. Twiss
+both spoke against the articles, and were replied to by Mr. Hope. The Court
+ultimately gave judgment against the articles, reversing Dr. Kenyon's
+decision, and gave costs against Mr. Macmullen. [Footnote: For this outline
+of the proceedings in Macmullen _v_. Hampden, I am indebted to
+accurate memoranda kindly furnished me by Mr. David Lewis, late Fellow of
+Jesus College, Oxford.] Mr. Badeley's bitter comment will amuse the reader:
+'Mischievous idiots! and so all the conclusive arguments you put before
+them, are set at nought, and the battle is to be fought again!' [Footnote:
+Mr. Badeley to Mr. Hope, January 6, 1844] However, there was no further
+litigation, and in the end Mr. Macmullen succeeded in obtaining his degree,
+the old form of disputations for that purpose being restored, which has
+ever since been in force. It should be added that Mr. Hope's services in
+this case, undertaken amidst all the pressure of his ordinary legal work,
+were gratuitous.
+
+In the summer of 1843 took place another critical moment of the strife in
+Dr. Pusey's suspension from preaching, by sentence of the Vice-Chancellor's
+Court, for his sermon 'On the Holy Eucharist a Comfort to the Penitent.' In
+the question of his appeal against this, which was matter of anxiety for
+more than a twelvemonth, it is almost needless to say that he sought the
+advice of Mr. Hope. The Everett affair, on Commemoration Day (June 28),
+will have its place in every chronicle of the movement. This was a protest
+on the part of members of the Tractarian party against an honorary degree
+conferred in the teeth of a demand for scrutiny (which, however, it was
+asserted had not been heard in the din), on the American Envoy, Mr.
+Everett, who was a Unitarian. Mr. Hope, however, was not present; and I
+mention this only as one of the many signs of the times which were then
+rapidly accumulating. Nor did he take any part in the opposition made in
+the following year to Dr. Symonds' election as Vice-Chancellor, though he
+was consulted, in the law of the case, with Mr. Badeley and Dr. Bayford. It
+ended in a crushing defeat of the Tractarians, who were beaten by a
+majority of 882 against 183.
+
+In September 1843 Mr. Newman resigned the vicarage of St. Mary's. On this
+step Mr. Hope, writing to him on September 28, says that he had not
+differed from him about it, but, 'as to the general tendency of which you
+described the increase [Mr. Newman's expression (September 5) was: 'The
+movement is going on so fast that some of the wheels are catching fire'],
+all I can do is to sit still and wait the issue.'
+
+The 'Lives of the English Saints' were at this time in preparation, the
+importance of which in the history of the movement is too well known from
+Cardinal Newman's 'Apologia' and from other sources to require me to
+enlarge upon it. At length there was no disguise or reservation, but
+sympathy was openly avowed by members of the Anglican Church for the whole
+spirit hitherto associated with the idea of 'the corruptions of Popery'--as
+monasticism, the continued exercise of miraculous power in the Church,
+finally, the supremacy of the Holy See. From a copious correspondence which
+followed between the two friends, I extract, as usual, such portions as
+will throw most light on the progressive change in Mr. Hope's religious
+convictions. His sense of prudence, and the bias derived from his
+particular legal studies, restrain, rather curiously, the inclination which
+his feelings in other directions show; but it is best to let him speak for
+himself:--_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq_.
+
+Littlemore: Nov. 2, '43.
+
+My dear Hope,--[After stating the perplexity he felt on the question of
+stopping the 'Lives,' which appeared to present itself in consequence of an
+objection expressed by Dr. Pusey, in conversation with Mr. Hope, against
+the Roman tone which had been manifested, Mr. Newman continues:] I did not
+explain to you sufficiently the state of mind of those who are in danger. I
+only spoke of those who are convinced that our Church was external to the
+Church Catholic, though they felt it unsafe to trust their own private
+convictions. And you seemed to put the dilemma, 'Either men are in doubt or
+not: if in doubt, they ought to be quiet; if not in doubt, how is it that
+they stay with us?' But there are two other states of mind which might be
+mentioned. 1. Those who are unconsciously near Rome, and whose
+_despair_ about our Church, if anyhow caused, would at once develop
+into a state of conscious approximation and _quasi_-resolution to go
+over. 2. Those who feel they can with a safe conscience remain with us,
+_while_ they are allowed to testify in behalf of Catholicism, and to
+promote its interests; _i.e_. as if by such acts they were putting our
+Church, or at least a portion of it, in which they are included, in the
+position of catechumens. They think they may stay, while they are moving
+themselves, others, nay, say the whole Church, towards Rome. Is not this an
+intelligible ground? I should like your opinion of it....
+
+Ever yours sincerely,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN.
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq. to the Rev. J. H. Newman_.
+
+6 Stone Buildings, Linc. Inn: Nov. 4, '43.
+
+Dear Newman,--... As to the Roman leaning, no doubt your 'Lives,' at least
+many of them, must evince it; no doubt also that, unless carefully managed,
+it will give offence. But may not caution obviate the latter? Is it not
+possible to _commence_ by lives which will not at once bring the whole
+set into popular disrepute? the less palatable ones being kept for a more
+advanced stage. May it not also be provided that in an historical work, a
+purely historical character shall be given to what as matter of fact cannot
+be denied, and which can only be objected to when it is adopted by the
+writers as a matter of principle in which they themselves concur? To the
+asceticism, devotion, and anti-secular spirit of the English saints we are,
+under every point of view, entitled to refer; and if any part of these
+virtues was displayed in necessary relation to Rome, or to Roman
+institutions, this in a portraiture of their lives cannot be omitted, but
+certainly need not be canonised as amongst their merits. It seems to me
+possible simply to take the Church of their times as _the_ Church,
+without entering into the question whether any of the conditions under
+which it then existed are necessary for its existence now. And so their
+acts done in relation to the Church of their day may be dwelt upon, while
+the further question whether the Church of our day is capable of eliciting
+such acts may be left to the judgment of the reader.
+
+I am not sure that I have made myself intelligible in this, and still less
+whether it is worth your reading, but I fancied that you wished an opinion,
+and I give it, _valeat quantum_....
+
+Yrs ever truly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+Rev. J. H. Newman.
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Littlemore: Nov. 6, 1843.
+
+My dear Hope,-- ... You have not gone to the bottom of the difficulty. It
+is very easy to say, Give facts without comment; but in the first place,
+what can be so dry as mere facts? the book won't sell, nor deserve to sell.
+It must be ethical; but to be ethical is merely to colour a narrative with
+one's own mind, and to give a _tone_ to it. Now this is the
+difficulty, altering this or that passage, leaving out this or that
+expression, will not alter the case. I will not answer for being aware of
+the tone in myself. Pusey put his finger on passages which I had not
+thought about. Is he to be ever marking passages? if so, he has the real
+trouble of being editor, not I.
+
+_Naturam expellas furca_, &c. Is the Pope's supremacy the only point
+on which no opinion is to be expressed? if so, why? It is not more against
+the Articles to _desire_ it than to desire monachism. Will it offend
+more than others? I will not limit certainly the degree of disgust which
+some people will feel towards it, but do they feel less towards the notion
+of monks, or, again, of miracles? Now Church history is made up of these
+three elements--miracles, monkery, Popery. If any sympathetic feeling is
+expressed on behalf of the persons and events of Church history, it is a
+feeling in favour of miracles, or monkery, or Popery, one or all. It is
+quite a theory to talk of being ethical, yet not concur in these elements
+of the narrative--unless, indeed, one adopts Milner's or Neander's device
+of dropping part of the history, praising what one has a fancy for, and
+thus putting a theory and dream in the place of facts. But it is bad enough
+to be eclectic in _doctrine._
+
+Next it must be recollected how very much depends on the disposition,
+relative prominence, &c., of facts; it is quite impossible that a leaning
+to Rome, a strong offensive leaning, should be hidden.
+
+And then still more it must be recollected that a _vast_ number of
+questions, and most important ones, are decided this way or that on
+antecedent probabilities, according to a person's views, _e.g._ the
+question between St. Augustine and the British Bishops--of Easter--of King
+Lucius, &c. &c. Opinion comes in at every step of the history.
+
+From what I have said you will see that I consider it impossible to choose
+_easy_ 'Lives' for the first of the series; there are none such, or if
+there be a few, when can I promise to have them ready? I suppose Bede must
+be pretty easy. Keble has it. I do not expect him to send it to me for
+several years, with his engagements. Take missions, take Bishops, the Pope
+comes in everywhere. Go to Aldhelm and his schools; you have most strange
+miracles. Try to retire into the country, you do but meet with hermits. No;
+miracles, monkery, Popery, are too much for you, if you have any
+stomach....
+
+The life P. looked at, St. Stephen's, was taken as having hardly, if at
+all, any miracle in it. If he thinks it will give offence, doubtless the
+others will still more.
+
+You see, in saying all this I am not deciding the question whether the work
+is to be done _at all._ On that point I have had great doubt since
+P.'s objection. Only to do it without offence is impossible, and the more
+so because, in parts at least, it is likely to be a very taking work....
+
+And then so many 'Lives' are in progress or preparation, that it is most
+unlikely the work will be stopped; others will conduct it instead of me who
+will go further; and though this is a bad reason for doing oneself what one
+feels a misgiving in doing, it is a good reason when one feels none at
+all....
+
+If the plan is abandoned, this significant question will be, nay, is
+already asked--'What, then, cannot the Anglican Church bear the Lives of
+her Saints?'
+
+Ever yrs,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN.
+
+_J.R. Hope, Esq. to the Rev. J.H. Newman._
+
+6 Stone Bdgs, Linc. Inn: Nov. 8, '43.
+
+Dear Newman,--Your last shows me plainly what I had not before understood,
+that the question of the 'Lives' depends immediately upon that larger one
+which your previous letter had mooted, and that to solve it one must know
+more than I do of the conclusions at which you have arrived as to the
+claims of Rome, and as to the mode, time, and circumstances in and under
+which those claims ought to be recognised. I feel therefore very
+incompetent to offer any further suggestion. When I last wrote I thought
+the questions separable, and meant that the Roman parts of your histories
+should be treated dramatically (if I may so say), being represented really
+and faithfully, but only as the scenery in which the actors stood. Your
+letter shows me that this cannot be, unless your writers have more self-
+command, and more disposition to exercise it than men in earnest can be
+expected to have. I must therefore ask, what is your general view as to
+Rome? Is union with it immediately _necessary_? or is it only
+_desirable_--under new circumstances and at some distant period? If
+the former, then one would think that the question should be openly and
+professedly discussed, the arguments given and the authorities stated. If
+the latter, I should imagine that much remains to be done, in the way of
+raising the general tone of our Church in matters of faith and practice,
+before it can be fit to deal with such a question; and though you think
+monachism, miracles, and Popery inseparably allied, yet I feel convinced
+that there are many minds prepared to consider the two former
+which have no disposition to the latter.
+
+On either view, then, I think that a work which is addressed only or
+principally to men's feelings would be mistimed--it would not convince of
+the necessity, and it would find but a small number of men disposed at
+present to give it their sympathy.
+
+There are, indeed, those other considerations which you mention respecting
+the minds which would find relief in being allowed to dwell upon the
+subject, and so might be the better persuaded to remain within our
+communion; but, on the other hand, there is the risk of provoking such
+conduct on the part of the Bishops and others as would drive some out, and
+render the position of those who remained more difficult than ever. And
+surely it would be most unfair to take the measure of what the Church of
+England allows on this or any other difficult point in theology from what
+might happen to be the view of men such as our present rulers, upon whom
+the whole question has come unawares, and whose prejudices upon this point
+in particular, backed by the secular policy of the State for 300 years,
+would be pretty sure to lead them to some active, and probably united
+censure. I wish therefore, much, that minds of this class could be
+persuaded that it is not the Church of England which they are testing, but
+a disorderly body which ten years ago did not know what it was, and is now
+only gradually becoming conscious; and that if they can satisfy themselves
+that the views they entertain are compatible with what they deem the true
+theory of the Church of England, they would be content to hold them quietly
+for the present, and not risk themselves and others upon so doubtful a
+venture.
+
+This, I think, is all that I can say--being confessedly in the dark upon
+the most material points; but if you should think it useful either to
+myself or to others to give me a full statement you shall have my best
+judgment. Your confidence I have no other claim upon than that which arises
+from my disposition to put confidence in you--to think that you know better
+than any one else the real difficulties of our present position, and that
+you can look at the remedy, however painful, firmly and practically.
+Whatever, therefore, approves itself to you, I am anxious to know, as
+furnishing for myself, if not the best conclusion, yet the best hope of a
+conclusion--the best track into which to let my thoughts run. But beyond
+what you may think good for me in these respects I have no right to ask,
+and I do not ask for your thoughts. They probably would be above and beyond
+me, and the responsibility of knowing them would outweigh the use which I
+should be able to make of them. [Footnote: To this letter of Mr. Hope's I
+do not find a reply of Mr. Newman's until November 26, when he apologises
+for having kept him in suspense, adding: 'So far from your not having
+written to the purpose, you laid down one proposition in which I quite
+acquiesce; that the subject of the supremacy of Rome should be moved
+_argumentatively_, if at all. I felt I had gained something here, and
+rested upon it, and gave up answering you, as it turns out, selfishly.' At
+the end of the letter he says: 'As to myself, I don't like talking; when we
+meet we shall see how we feel about it.' His reserve may, I think, be
+safely accounted for by his great unwillingness that such a man as Mr. Hope
+should be swayed by him to an act to which, as yet, he himself did not feel
+himself called.]
+
+Yrs ever truly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+Rev. J. H. Newman.
+
+In a letter to Mr. Newman dated the following day, November 9, Mr. Hope
+criticises, on the side of caution, various passages in the 'Life of St.
+Stephen Harding' (by Mr. J. D. Dalgairns, afterwards so well known as
+Father Dalgairns, of the London Oratory), the first and most celebrated of
+the series, proofs of which Mr. Newman had sent to him for his opinion.
+These criticisms chiefly relate to expressions which might offend ordinary
+Anglican readers, and which Mr. Hope proposed to soften. Mr. Newman in the
+end noted against almost all these expressions _stet_. He remarks to
+Mr. Hope (December 11): 'It seemed to me that, considering the _tone_
+of the whole composition, an alteration of the word (_e.g._) "merit"
+was like giving milk and water for a fit of the gout, while it destroyed
+its integrity, vigour--in a word, its go.' Again: 'I am convinced that
+those passages are _not_ flying in people's faces, but are parts of a
+whole, and express ideas which cannot _otherwise_ be expressed.'
+
+These points were rather matter of prudence as viewed by Mr. Hope; on two
+others, touching the questions of 'exemptions' and 'impropriations,' Mr.
+Hope appears to have been himself unable to go along with the view of the
+writer of the 'Life of St. Stephen,' whom he considered to defend the
+_principles_ of exemption too far. Mr. Newman here conceded some
+alterations, which, however, I am unable to state, not having the proof
+before me, which Mr. Hope does not quote, but, as finally given, the
+passages referred to may be found in the 'Life of St. Stephen Harding,' pp.
+47-49 and 65.
+
+In the same letter of December 11 Mr. Newman informs Mr. Hope that he had
+resolved on giving up the 'Lives' as a series, and publishing such as were
+in type, or were written, as separate works. His comment on the motives
+which had led him to this decision is of great interest:--
+
+I assure you, to find that the English Church cannot bear the Lives of her
+Saints (for so I will maintain, in spite of Gladstone, is the fact) does
+not tend to increase my faith and confidence in her. Nor am I abandoning
+_publication_ because I abandon this particular measure. Rather, I
+consider I have been silent now for several years on subjects of the day,
+and need not fear now to speak.... If these ['Lives,' as separate works]
+gradually mount up to the fulness of such an idea as the 'Lives of the
+Saints' contemplated in process of time, well and good.
+
+He had said in a letter to Mr. Hope of December 5: 'G.'s remarks have shown
+me the _hopelessness_, by delay or any other means, of escaping the
+disapprobation of a number of persons whom I very much respect.' This was
+in reply to a letter of Mr. Hope's of the same day, which I found it
+difficult to introduce in its chronological order, and which may
+conveniently be placed here, as Mr. Hope in it clearly shows that his
+sympathies, notwithstanding his difficulties, went with the 'Lives,' and,
+like himself, backs his moral support with open-handed liberality:--
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq. to the Rev. J. H. Newman._
+
+Dec. 5, '43.
+
+Dear Newman,--I enclose the proofs and Gladstone's remarks. The great point
+made by him here, as elsewhere, at present, is non-estrangement from the
+existing Ch. of E.; and in this many who are disposed to quarrel with the
+Reformation are yet heartily disposed to join. In fact, I suppose it will
+shortly become, if it be not already, the symbol of a party. To that party
+I do not feel myself at all strongly drawn, and therefore do not sympathise
+in G.'s views about the _Life_; but if his views be a fair
+representative of the best class of opinions such as I allude to, you may
+conclude that the high Anglicans will be against you. Of the middle and low
+there never, I suppose, was a doubt.
+
+For my own part, I read the sheets greedily, and felt that they took me
+back to subjects which were once much in my thoughts, and ought never to
+have got so far out of them as they have. Nor was I at all put out by the
+general tone which seems to me inseparable from the subject; but here and
+there are passages which I think needlessly direct and pointed, so much so
+indeed as to appear, merely in point of composition, abrupt and wilful.
+These I think I could point out. G., you see, thinks his objections
+separable from the main design, which seems to me hardly possible--perhaps
+you will think the same of mine, but they relate only to isolated passages,
+and rather to giving them obliqueness than to changing them altogether.
+
+However, I do not mean to say that I could suggest anything which would
+obviate G[ladstone]'s difficulties, and these are, after all, your main
+subjects for consideration. What effect they will have upon you I cannot
+certainly conclude, but in case they should incline you either to delay or
+to total giving up, I have only to say that I shall be glad to contribute
+one or two hundred pounds towards defraying the expenses.... In fact, if
+upon any public eccl. grounds the work is to be delayed or not to go on, I
+cannot see that my money could be more fitly bestowed than in facilitating
+the arrangement.
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+Rev. J. H. Newman.
+
+
+No need was eventually found for the liberal offer with which the above
+letter concludes. The following letter, though rather a long one, is
+certainly not likely to fatigue the reader, and seems almost necessary to
+be given, in order to complete this part of my subject:--
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Oriel College: Dec. 16, 1843.
+
+My dear Hope,--You have not understood me about Gladstone, doubtless
+through my own fault. The truth is, I am making a great concession--not to
+him, but to my respectful feelings towards him. I thought you could see it,
+and only feared you would think it greater than it really was. So I tried
+to put you on your guard.
+
+1. I withdraw _my name_ from _any plan_. This is no slight thing.
+I have frequent letters from people I do not know on the subject of the
+Lives of the Saints, and doubt not it is raising much talk and interest. A
+name always gives point to an undertaking--considering my connection with
+the Tracts of the Times, it would especially to this. You yourself and
+Badeley (whom, please, thank for some kind trouble he has been at about a
+book for me) said, 'Delay the plan, _for_ you will be putting
+_yourself_ at the head of the extreme party--the B[ritish] C[ritic]
+having stopped:' now, I am more than _delaying_, I am withdrawing my
+name. I am sure this is a great thing, even though my initials occurred to
+this or that life.
+
+2. I have given up continuity, and that certain and promised. 128 pp. were
+to come out every month, and the work was to go on to the end, except as
+unforeseen accidents interfered (as they have). Now we know how difficult
+it is to keep people up to their work. The work is now left to the
+unpledged zeal of individuals. And there will be nothing methodical or
+periodical in it to force itself upon people.
+
+I do consider, then, I have given up a very great deal. But what I have not
+given up is the _wish_ that the work should be done; only I have put
+it under great disadvantages--so great that I do not think it ever will be
+done--at the utmost fragments will be done--and that without method,
+precision, unity, and a name.
+
+And why have I done this? 1. Sincerely because I thought both by heading it
+and by giving it system I should be administering a continual blister to
+the kind feelings towards me, and the conscientious views of persons I
+respect as I do G. I assure you it is no pleasant thing to me to lose their
+good opinion, tho' I can't expect much to keep it. 2. I fear to put up
+something the Bishops may aim at. I may be charged at, as the Tracts have
+been. Then J. should be in a very false position. I must move forward or
+backward, and I dread compulsory moves. 3. What is the most immediate and
+practical point, I don't think I could get a publisher to take on him the
+_expense_ of a _series_, but few people would dread the risk of a
+single life of one or two hundred pages. Accordingly, I think I shall
+publish the one of which you saw a bit at once, to see whether it sells.
+That I shall to a certain extent be connected with it, and that I shall aim
+at making it a series, is certain; and this, as I said, was my reason for
+warning you that I was not giving way to G. so fully as I appeared to be.
+
+Ever yrs affly,
+
+J. H. NEWMAN.
+
+P.S.--... What set me most urgently on my present notice was that _I
+could not help it_. Though I gave up my series, which I wished to do,
+_Lives remained_, written or printed, or promised, _which would
+appear anyhow_, or scarcely could not.
+
+The great event connected with the movement in 1844 was the publication of
+Ward's 'Ideal of a Christian Church,' which at first caused less excitement
+than might have been expected, at least in London. Thus Mr. Badeley writes
+to Mr. Hope (October 26), 'Ward's book passes very quietly here at
+present;' and again (November 8), 'The book here makes very little noise.'
+But meanwhile the heads of Houses were moving at Oxford, and on February
+13, 1845, a memorable day, the book was condemned, and its author deprived
+of his degrees by the House of Convocation. Mr. Hope was absent on the
+Continent at the beginning of the strife, to which his letters do not
+contain much allusion. Perhaps the same motives of caution upon which he
+objected to the 'strong meat' of the 'Lives of the English Saints' would
+have led him to similar views as to the extreme unreserve of the 'Ideal.'
+When, however, the question of Mr. Ward's condemnation came on, he voted
+against it, as he was sure to have done if he voted at all. It is hardly
+necessary to remind the reader that on the same occasion it was proposed to
+pass a censure on No. 90; but this was vetoed by the proctors, and
+consequently never came to the vote. I find the following draft of an
+address of thanks to the proctors in Mr. Gladstone's hand, and with the
+subjoined signatures and date in Mr. Hope's, among the Hope-Scott papers:--
+
+We the u.s. M. of C., understanding that you have resolved to put your
+negative upon the Proposal relating to the Ninetieth Tract in Convocation
+on Thursday, the 13th instant, beg leave to tender to you our cordial
+thanks for a determination which we consider to have been demanded by the
+principles of our Academical Constit^n.
+
+W. E. G.
+
+Manning and self. Feby. 11, '45.             J. R. H.
+
+As far as regards Mr. Gladstone, this ought to be compared with a
+correspondence in the Oakeley case, which will be found cited _infra_,
+p. 58.
+
+To the earlier part of the period now before us belongs some very kind
+service rendered by Mr. Hope to his dear friend the Rev. W. Adams, Fellow
+of Merton, and Perpetual Curate of St. Peter's-in-the-East, Oxford, in
+seeing through the press his celebrated allegory, 'The Shadow of the
+Cross,' on which there is a rather full correspondence extant (1842-43),
+but of more special interest as connected with Mr. Adams' biography than
+his own, except so far as it proves the affectionate intimacy which
+subsisted between them. One letter of later date (December 15, 1846)
+is endorsed in Mr. Hope-Scott's handwriting:--'William Adams, R. I. P.
+sub 'umbra crucis.' J. R. H. S. 1871.' The work was published for the
+Christian Knowledge Society, of the committee of which Mr. Hope at the
+time was still a member. In connection with the same society Mr. Hope
+undertook a serial work, already alluded to (which was in course of
+publication in 1844), consisting of engravings from Scripture subjects,
+in a high style of art, from the cartoons of Raphael in the Loggia of the
+Vatican. Mr. Hope was strongly impressed with the utility of such a work
+for directing and elevating the taste of the humbler classes and of
+schools generally, and he expended large sums of money in bringing this
+out. It was published in numbers containing six plates each, under the
+superintendence of Professor Gruner, afterwards Director of the Department
+of Engravings at the Royal Museum at Dresden, and prepared by Signor
+Corsini, a distinguished Roman draughtsman. Mr. Hope-Scott, indeed,
+did not carry on the work after the first five numbers (a large and
+costly business, however), and it was completed by Mr. Gruner alone,
+who published it under the title of 'Scripture Prints from the Frescoes
+of Raphael in the Vatican,' edited by Louis Gruner, &c. (London:
+Houlston and Wright, 1866). Mr. Hope-Scott continued his benefactions
+to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel for several years later
+than the time now before us. I find a donation of 210_l_. under his
+name in the year 1847. He had given 200_l_. in November 1846 to the
+College Chapel at Harrow Weald.
+
+Another undertaking of some importance in which he took great interest in
+those days, relating both to literature and religion, was the 'Anglia
+Christiana,' a series of the monuments of English history, which was
+publishing in 1844-45. Only three volumes of it came out--'Chronicon
+Monasterii de Bello' (Battle Abbey), Giraldus Cambrensis 'de Institutione
+Principis,' and 'Liber Eliensis.' Mr. Hope much wished to have had included
+in the list the work called 'Pupilla Oculi,' a treatise on moral theology
+by John de Burgh, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge about the year
+1385, which was much in use among the clergy before the Reformation. Mr.
+David Lewis, of Jesus College (as a Catholic so well known for his
+admirable translations of the works of St. John of the Cross and of St.
+Teresa), collated the text for him, but I believe it was never published. I
+find in the Badeley correspondence a very interesting letter of Mr. Hope's
+dated February 28, 1843, about the 'Pupilla Oculi,' its history and
+authority. The book had been cited by Mr. Badeley in the Court of Queen's
+Bench, and by others in the House of Lords, in the case of the Queen v.
+Willis. Lord Lyndhurst and some of the judges objected to its value as
+evidence on the ground of its contradicting the common law on the question
+of legitimation by subsequent marriage. Mr. Hope discusses the subject in a
+masterly style: I must refrain from quoting such merely antiquarian or
+legal matter for its own sake, yet will subjoin some paragraphs of the
+letter which illustrate the line taken by him as a lawyer at that time on
+the important point of the relations of Church and State:--
+
+There can be, I think, little doubt that in old times the distinction
+between Church and State was one of jurisdictions rather than of laws. I
+mean that each was supposed to have its proper subject-matter of
+legislation as well as of judicial inquiry. Where the subject-matter was
+conceded to the Church altogether, there the Church law prevailed
+absolutely; where the subject-matter was of mixed cognizance, there the
+Church law was modified by the common or the statute law; where the subject
+was altogether lay, there both the laws and the tribunals of the Church
+were silenced. When, therefore, we would ascertain whether the law of the
+Church is to govern a given subject, we must first ascertain how far it was
+of the exclusive cognizance of the Church; and, if we find that it was
+principally but not exclusively of ecclesiastical cognizance, how far the
+common law interfered to modify the ecclesiastical laws by which it was to
+be determined.
+
+Now, in the case before us, this much, I think, must be admitted, viz. that
+marriage, as a sacrament, was exclusively subject to the ecclesiastical
+jurisdiction; and, therefore, that whatever view the common law might
+entertain as to the consequence to be attached to this or that form of it,
+the essence of the sacrament itself was determinable by the doctrine of the
+Church, and by that alone.
+
+But if this was so, then whatever was accepted by the Church of England as
+to the essence of marriage must necessarily be allowed to have been the
+common law upon that point, i.e. there could be no other law by which it
+could be decided.
+
+Granting, therefore, that J. de Burgh, or any other ecclesiastical writer,
+has laid down rules upon subjects of mixed jurisdiction which the common
+law disallows, it by no means follows that his authority is to be slighted
+where he speaks of matters that were exclusively ecclesiastical. Indeed,
+the opposition of the common law upon given points, e.g. the legitimation
+by subsequent marriage, gives a pregnant meaning to its silence upon
+others.
+
+I find that in the autumn of that year (1843) Mr. Hope spent some time in
+making researches into the records at York connected with the law of
+marriage. In a letter to Mr. Badeley (September 28) he says, 'At York I was
+successful in finding a variety of matrimonial causes, from A.D. 1301
+downwards, which I think illustrate the right view of the question. The
+records there abound in well-preserved forms of proceeding, and it was with
+regret that I gave up further investigations. The labour, however, of
+reading and transcribing extracts was occasionally harder than suits
+holiday work.' In the same letter he speaks with much pleasure of a day
+spent at Burton Agnes with Archdeacons E. Wilberforce, Manning, &c., and as
+particularly indebted to the Archbishop of York and his family for the
+reception they gave him. The correspondence, indeed, affords a gracious
+epistle from the Archbishop himself (then nearly eighty-six years of age)
+to Mr. Hope, dated Trentham, September 30, 1843, in which, after expressing
+his high satisfaction at some legal advice which he had received from him,
+he goes on to say:--
+
+I have only to add that nothing could gratify us more than your having
+occasion--and the sooner the better--to refer again to the York archives
+for any purpose whatever; 'provided always, and be it hereby enacted, that
+such reference be had during the period of the Archbishop's annual
+residence at Bishopthorpe.'
+
+Ever truly yrs,
+
+E. EBOR.
+
+It may here be permitted me to quote a few lines from memoranda about Mr.
+Hope, kindly written at the request of one of his nearest relatives by a
+lady whose genius as well as catholic feeling especially fitted her to
+preserve those traces which I am sure no reader would wish should be
+allowed to fade away. They afford at once a proof that when doubts as to
+his religious position were approaching their most painful stage, he never
+allowed them to interfere with those duties of religion which are binding
+on all intellectual states alike, and they present a glimpse both of his
+appearance and manner at that date which will greatly assist the reader in
+forming an idea of him.
+
+I think it was in 1843 that I first saw your dear brother in Margaret
+Street Chapel, the favourite place of worship of the Puseyites in those
+days, and noticed him and his friend Mr. Badeley walking away together, and
+was more struck with his appearance than with that of any other person I
+have ever seen before or since.... It is only in pictures that I have ever
+seen anything equalling, and never anything surpassing, what was, at the
+time I am speaking of, the ideal beauty of his face and figure.
+
+During the next two years I used often to see him at Margaret Street
+Chapel, and I may say that his recollection in prayer and unaffected
+devotion made a strong impression upon me. Having been very little in
+England since my childhood, it was quite a new thing to me to see a layman
+in the Anglican Church so devout, but without a tinge of fanaticism or
+apparent excitement. In 1844 I made acquaintance with Mr. Hope, and met him
+occasionally in society. He was all that his appearance would have led one
+to expect; the charm of his manner enhanced the effect of his
+conversational powers. [Footnote: Lady Georgiana Fullerton to Lady Henry
+Kerr, May 5 [1881].]
+
+I have not found any record of Mr. Hope's personal religious state about
+that time, like the diaries of his earlier manhood. He writes, however, to
+Mr. Newman on March 1, 1844 (from Lincoln's Inn): 'If I can manage it, I
+should much like to spend Passion Week at or near Oxford. Could you let me
+into the guest-chamber at Littlemore?' Mr. Newman (March 14) writes in
+reply that the guest-chamber was quite at his service, but adds: 'Pray do
+not fancy us in such a state that we can profess a retreat, or any one here
+able to conduct one.' In another letter Mr. Newman acknowledges 'a splendid
+benefaction' of Mr. Hope's to the house of Littlemore.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1844-1845.
+
+Mr. Hope's Tour on the Continent in 1844--Visit to Munich--Dr. Pusey's
+'Library of Roman Catholic Works'--Dr. Pusey and the Spiritual Exercises--
+His Opinion of the Discipline--Mr. Hope's Visit to Tetschen in 1844--Count
+Leo Thun and his Friends--Mr. Hope's Interview with Prince Metternich--The
+Hon. Sir R. Gordon, Ambassador at Vienna--Visit to Prince Palffy and to
+Prince Lichtenstein--The Hungarian Diet at Presburg--Letter of Manzoni to
+J. R. Hope--Visit to Rome--Bishop Grant and Mr. Hope--Mr. Hope resigns
+Chancellorship of Salisbury--Dr. Pusey and the Stone Altar Case--Mr.
+Oakeley and Mr. Hope--Scottish Episcopalian Church and its Office--Mr.
+Gladstone endeavours to hold Mr. Hope back--Proposes Tour in Ireland--
+Conversion of Mr. Newman--Mr. Hope on the Essay on Development--Letter of
+Mr. Newman to J. R. Hope from Rome--Reopening of Correspondence with Mr.
+Newman.
+
+
+At the end of August or beginning of September 1844 Mr. Hope set out for a
+tour on the Continent, accompanied by Mr. Badeley. Of the earlier days of
+it I have no information, but they parted at Heidelberg about September 12,
+Mr. Badeley for the Rhine country and Belgium, Mr. Hope for Munich. By this
+time, as has already been evident, he was deeply engaged in professional
+pursuits, and his health had begun to suffer from his unremitting labours.
+Several passages might be quoted from the letters of his intimate friends,
+showing the anxiety they felt on the subject. Some real relaxation,
+however, had at last become necessary; and it would appear that he rather
+wished to leave the turmoil of the movement, as well as business, behind
+him. In a letter of Mr. Badeley's to him, dated Brussels, September 22, the
+following sentence occurs:--'If you like to see what is going on in this
+[the affair of opposing Dr. Symonds' election as Vice-Chancellor at
+Oxford] and in Church matters, I will send you the "English Churchman;"
+but as you said "No," when we parted, I forbear to forward any papers till
+further orders.' Afterwards, however, 'after all,' he asks Mr. Badeley to
+send it. On his way to Munich, Mr. Hope stopped at Augsburg, where 'of
+course he visited Butsch the bookseller,' buys a copy of the 'Summa Divi
+Thomae Aquinatis,' and sees _some_ good books which he did not want.
+At Munich, where he arrived on September 14, rooms were provided for him at
+the Austrian Legation by the kindness of his friend Count Senfft. These
+particulars I take from a letter of his to Mr. Badeley, dated Munich,
+September 22, and subjoin some further details in full:--
+
+D[öllinger] is, I think, remarkably well, and I am more struck with him
+than ever. I found him already deep in Ward's book, with which he is much
+struck. I have already had some interesting conversation with him, and
+anticipate more. He is rector elect of the University, and highly spoken of
+by all I see. My new acquaintances consist of the Papal Nuntius Viale, a
+very striking person, Professor Walther, the canonist, and some intelligent
+Bavarians. I am to visit Görres this evening.... There is an English
+service here very decently and nicely performed by Mr. de Coetlogon, a man
+in Scotch orders, and the chapel is a modest but respectable room.... I ask
+hard questions upon marriage, and receive very doubtful answers; but I am
+resolved, if possible, to get some definite information from the best
+sources in Germany.
+
+The following letter, connected with this tour of Mr. Hope's, is also very
+instructive as to a particular phase of the movement:--
+
+_The Rev. Dr. Pusey to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+My dear Hope,--I have no news as yet to communicate to you, except that
+some few are taking up ye matter of ye V. C. in rt earnest, and so I
+suppose it will be a pitched battle, and we shall win at last, even if but
+a handful as yet.
+
+I have 2 or 3 commissions for you, wh will not occupy your time, and wh
+will, I hope, be a subject of interest to you. It is for my little library
+of R. C. works. The perplexity is to find out ye best books upon difft
+subjects, for I cannot read all. The general class is, as you know, ascetic
+books, books of guidance, wh shall give people knowledge of self, enable us
+to guide consciences, build people up in ye higher life, force them to
+mental prayer, or give them subjects of meditation in it, the spiritual
+life, Xtian perfection, holy performance of ordinary actions, love of God,
+or any Xtian graces in detail, devotions, books on holy seasons--in a word,
+anything in practical theology in its widest range, or, again, cases of
+conscience.
+
+I have learnt more or less as to French & Spanish, & some Latin works, but
+of Italian I know those only of Scupoli, and of German absolutely nothing.
+The only books I have seen are some sermons by Sailer, wh, altho' clear and
+energetic, contain nothing wh one did not know before; they have nothing to
+build people up with.
+
+I shd be glad also of any information on a subject wh I know drew yr
+thoughts when you were last abroad--the system as to retreats. I saw a
+book,' Manuale dell' Esercitatori,' but I shd be very glad of any
+information or any guidance.
+
+If it wd not occupy you too much, I shd be much obliged to you to procure
+on my account any practical works wh mt be recommended.
+
+Perhaps also Dr. Döllinger could give you some information as to S.
+Ignatius Loyola, 'Exercitia Spiritualia,' for they seem to have been so
+often re-moulded, that there is some difficulty to ascertain (1) what is ye
+genuine form, or at least to obtain a copy, (2) whether any other re-
+casting of it be found easier to use.
+
+I trust these inquiries will not be so much an encumbrance to you, as lead
+you to happy subjects and more acquaintance with happy-making books. God
+bless you ever.
+
+Yrs affectionately,
+
+E. B. PUSEY.
+
+Christ Church: September 9, 1844.
+
+[P.S.] There is yet a subject on wh I shd like to know more, if you fall in
+with persons who have ye guidance of consciences,--what penances they
+employ for persons whose temptations are almost entirely spiritual, of
+delicate frames often, and who wish to be led on to perfection. I see in a
+spiritual writer that even for such, corporal severities are not to be
+neglected, but so many of them are unsafe. I suspect ye 'discipline' to be
+one of ye safest, and with internal humiliation the best.... Cd you procure
+and send me one by B.? What was described to me was of a very sacred
+character; 5 cords, each with 5 knots, in memory of ye 5 wounds of our
+Lord.... I shd be glad to know also whether there were any cases in wh it
+is unsafe, e.g. in a nervous person.
+
+On October 1 Mr. Hope left Munich to pay a visit at Tetschen, the seat of
+his friends the Thun family (described vol. i. p. 42), taking Ratisbon and
+other places in his way. At Tetschen, where he stayed from October 5 to 12,
+he found a sad blank in the recent death of the Countess Thun. From an
+interesting letter to Lady Hope (dated Vienna, October 26, 1844) which
+furnishes these dates, I transcribe also the following particulars:--
+
+Countess Anna is still in very uncertain health.... The Count himself seems
+to have rallied lately, but it will be long before he gets over his loss.
+The second daughter, Countess Inza, seems to be now the stay of the family.
+Of the sons, only Francis, the eldest, was at home. He is devoted to art,
+and has besides abundance of business in the management of the estates
+which his father has made over to him, and with various charitable
+societies at Prague, in which he and his family are interested. From
+Tetschen I went to Prague, with Count Joseph Thun, a cousin, with his wife
+and two sons. At Prague I spent Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, in constant
+admiration of the town, to which I did not do justice when I was last
+there. It is really beautiful, and, out of Italy, I think Edinburgh alone
+equal to it, of all the towns which I have seen. With Tetschen for summer,
+and Prague for winter, I think the Thuns have two as charming residences as
+could be found.
+
+On Tuesday evening [Oct. 15] I left for Königsgrätz, a provincial town,
+where Leo Thun, the youngest, is officially employed. He is a noble fellow,
+and has devoted himself for years to the details of business, with a view
+to becoming useful to Bohemia, to which he is very much attached. He is
+also prominent among the revivers of the Bohemian language and literature,
+which is Sclavonic, and has thus become well known in Germany, as well as
+in Hungary and other countries where there are Sclavonic tribes. The
+movement is in a political sense important, as well as influential upon
+manners and modes of thinking, and it has already excited a good deal of
+discussion and some animosity. It would take too much time, however, to
+explain what I have learnt of its bearings. With Leo I spent two very
+agreeable days, and have had much to talk about, as I had not seen him
+since I was last in Bohemia. I was introduced to the _notables_ of the
+place, his _chef_ and the commander of the garrison (an old Irish
+officer of the name of Fitzgerald), and saw his mode of life, which to a
+man with plenty of employment must be convenient, though not very amusing.
+
+From Königsgrätz I started on Thursday night, and arrived here [Vienna] on
+Saturday week, the 19th [Oct.], and took up my abode at the same inn with
+Fritz Thun, the diplomat, who was here on his way from Turin, which he has
+now left for Prague. You will remember how pleasant a person he is, and
+will be glad to hear that his professional prospects are excellent, as he
+is in high favour with Prince Metternich, to whom he was strongly
+recommended by Schwartzenberg, his last _chef_. One of my first acts
+was to call on Sir R. Gordon [the British Ambassador], who has been
+_most_ kind, giving me dinner as often as I can go to him, and
+assisting me in everything. On the evening of my arrival he took me to
+Prince Metternich, when I had the honour of a conversation with the great
+man. George was remembered by him and his daughter, and by the Countess
+Zichy, the Princess's mother, and I was very kindly received by them all.
+Palmerston was expected here, and the Prince told Sir R. Gordon that, if he
+came, I should be invited to meet him at dinner; but unluckily he has
+changed his plans, so that I shall not see him and Metternich together,
+which would have been a great sight. I gave Sir Robert your good account of
+Lady Alicia,[Footnote: Sister of the Earl of Aberdeen and of Sir R. Gordon,
+died 1847.] and beg that you will in return tell her that Sir R. is very
+flourishing, and that in my opinion he is a very magnificent ambassador,
+and, what is better, a very kind one. His establishment is admirably
+_monté_, and I found in François a friend of the Hope family in
+general. George's letters of introduction I duly received. Schwartzenberg
+is not here, but I have seen Esterhazy, who has asked me to his country
+place, about three hours' drive from Vienna.... Besides the people I have
+named, I have seen others, to whom I get access through Count Senfft, among
+whom is the Dowager Duchess of Anhalt-Cöthen, a natural sister of the King
+of Prussia, and a clever woman....
+
+Your affect. Son,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+Mr. Hope was unable to accept the invitation of Prince Esterhazy, in
+consequence of an engagement to visit another Hungarian magnate, Prince
+Palffy. The latter visit, with various other interesting details, is
+recorded in the following letter:--
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq., to Edward L. Badeley, Esq._ Vienna: Nov. 7, 1844.
+
+Dear Badeley,--[After giving some account of his visit at Tetschen, Mr.
+Hope goes on to mention his interview with Prince Metternich.] Prince
+Metternich honoured me with a conversation of some ten minutes or so, and
+which would probably have been both longer and more interesting but for the
+intrusion of a German who chose to thrust himself upon us. He spoke of some
+points of commercial and manufacturing interest, and pleased me very much
+by the simplicity of his manner. By means of letters which Count Senfft
+gave me I have also become acquainted with several of the persons who are
+known as active friends of the R. C. _High_ Church party; but I do not
+know very much of them, and of the Vienna clergy nothing at all....
+
+On Sunday, the 28th [Oct.], I started for my promised visit to Prince
+Palffy at Malatzka, and arrived there in a few hours. The house resembles
+most of those one sees abroad, built round a court, with long passages,
+white exterior, &c., and, as the country round it is very flat and sandy,
+it cannot be called a very interesting place. It was, however, my first
+resting-place in Hungary, and as such, an object of curiosity to me.
+Besides which, I found in it a hearty welcome, and a large family party,
+which gave me a good idea of the society of the upper class. The Prince is
+an extensive landowner, holding it all in his own hands (as is generally if
+not universally the case, both in Bohemia and Hungary), and working it by
+the tributary labour of the peasants, who, besides a small money payment,
+contribute labour for a certain number of days in each year. With the
+obligation of this quittance, the latter class hold in fee the cottages and
+plots of land which they occupy, and appear to be a thriving and
+comfortable race. They are, however, exclusively the tax-payers, as the
+nobles are still free from all imposts. An effort has indeed been made
+lately, which has partially succeeded, to tax the nobles; and it is
+probable that amid the numerous reforms of the Hungarian Diet, this
+will eventually be fully carried out. Our mode of life at Malatzka was
+to rise when we chose, breakfast in our own rooms, to meet at half-past
+twelve for luncheon, then to go out, and to dine at six, and to spend
+the evening in the drawing-room. Coursing, a badger-hunt, and an
+expedition to a property of the Prince's at the foot of the Carpathians,
+constituted my out-of-door amusements; and of these, the last at least was
+very interesting. I saw an immense tract of wood and pasture, a herd of
+wild oxen, sheep innumerable, a curious stalactite grotto, and an Hungarian
+farmhouse.
+
+From Malatzka I went, furnished with letters, to the seat of Prince
+Liechtenstein in Moravia--Eisgrüb. He is one of the richest men in the
+Austrian dominions, having possessions in Moravia, Bohemia, and Hungary,
+and several houses in Vienna. A great sportsman, and in this point, at
+least, a great imitator of English manners. The house at which I was is a
+summer residence, with very fine pleasure-grounds, park, &c.; but he has an
+autumn château not far off, which I also visited, and which is a fine
+specimen of foreign country architecture. Everything about him seemed to
+teem with expense and luxury, which, although probably not greater than
+what is to be found in the residences of English noblemen, appears greater
+from its contrast with the rudeness and simplicity of the general condition
+of the country. These great nobles seem, in fact, to combine the most
+striking points of barbarism and civilisation, and to turn them both to
+their enjoyment. I stayed only one day at Eisgrüb, though I had pressing
+invitations to remain longer; but I was anxious to go to Presburg to see
+the Diet, and so returned to Malatzka, which I left again the next morning,
+Saturday, 2nd Nov., for the seat of the Hungarian Parliament.
+
+At Presburg I spent four days. The place itself is uninteresting, though
+there are points of beauty about it; but it contains at this moment some of
+the most turbulent politicians in the world; and their movements are of
+considerable importance as well to the twelve million souls who constitute
+the population of Hungary, as to the integrity of the Austrian Empire.
+
+I should write a book were I to tell you all I have heard from different
+quarters upon this question; but this much seems certain--that Hungary is
+in a state of violent transition, and that in a few years its internal
+condition and perhaps its relations to the Austrian monarchy will have
+undergone a complete revolution. Sir R. Gordon gave me a letter to an
+Englishman who is employed by the British Embassy to attend the sittings of
+the Diet; and by his kindness I was enabled to make acquaintance with many
+of the most distinguished men. I was also present at several debates in the
+two Chambers of the Diet, and though (the language being Hungarian) I could
+not understand a word, yet it was most interesting to watch the proceedings
+of this Magyar Parliament, in which freedom of speech exists as fully as in
+any assembly in the world. The members all attend in Hungarian costume,
+which, on common occasions, consists of a laced surtout coat, a cap, and a
+sword. They speak from their places and without notes. Each member may
+speak as often as he pleases, and some take advantage of the privilege to a
+somewhat formidable extent. There seemed to be much fluency and not a
+little action; but the management of the voice was bad, and energy seemed
+to pass at once into violence. Though party runs high, organisation is very
+little understood, and business is transacted both slowly and with very
+uncertain results. They have the misfortune of all foreign constitutional
+states, that of desiring to imitate England, i.e. to do in a few years, and
+designedly, what the accidents of centuries have produced with us. There
+is, however, no lack either of talent or courage, and one governing mind
+might make Hungary a nation. It is immensely rich in natural productions,
+and wants only a market to have a great trade. This they are well disposed
+to establish with England, and I hope they may succeed; but Austria has
+interests which I fear may render this difficult. In both Chambers the
+clergy are represented: in that of the magnates by the Bishops; in the
+Lower House by deputies of the chapters. To the Primate I was introduced at
+one of his public entertainments. He is said to have 40 or 60,000_l_.
+per ann., and his personal carriage as well as his establishment are quite
+becoming his station. I made acquaintance also with the Archbishop of
+Erlau, a poet and a man of taste and learning, but victim to the tic
+douloureux. Lastly, with the Bishop of Csanad (Mgr. Lonowics), who has
+charmed me. He is well read, in English as well as other literature and
+history, and is as kind-hearted and Christian a man as I ever met with.
+Indeed, I shall be tempted to visit Hungary again, if it is only to spend a
+day or two with him. In the meantime we have established a mutual book-
+relation. He is to send me works on Hungarian Ecclesiastical Law, addressed
+to Stewart, and I have promised to send him some things which I beg you
+will at once see to. [Mr. Hope mentions Winkle's 'Cathedrals;' Ward's
+'Ideal;' Newman's last vol. of 'Sermons;' the 'Life of St. Stephen;'
+Oakeley's 'Life of St. Austin;' and his own pamphlet 'On the Jerusalem
+Bishopric.']
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+James R. Hope.
+
+On November 25 we find Mr. Hope at Milan, where he mentions having seen his
+old acquaintances, Manzoni and Vitali. The following letter will show how
+much he had impressed the former, brief as their communications had been:--
+
+
+_Alessandro Manzoni to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Milan: 8 Mai, 1845.
+
+Monsieur et respectable ami,--Je profite de l'occasion que me présente mon
+ancien et intime ami, M. le Baron Trechi, pour me rappeler à votre bon
+souvenir....
+
+Agréez mes remercîments bien vifs et bien sincères pour les _Scripture
+Prints_ que Mr. Lewis Gruner a bien voulu me remettre de votre part. Si
+le nom du peintre n'y était pas, je suis sûr qu'en les voyant, je me serais
+écrié: Ah! Raphael. C'est tout ce qu'un homme n'ayant, malheureusement,
+aucune connaissance de l'art, peut vous dire pour vous rendre compte de
+l'impression que lui a faite la copie. Je ne vous charge de rien pour M.
+Gladstone, parce que je me donne la satisfaction de lui écrire par cette
+même occasion. J'espère que nous le reverrons bientôt au ministère. N'allez
+pas me demander si je suis anglais pour dire: nous; car je vous répondrais
+que _homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto_; et qu'il n'y a rien
+d'_humanius_ que d'aimer à voir le pouvoir uni à la confiance; je ne
+dis pas: à de hautes facultés; car, malheureusement, le cas est moins rare.
+[After giving his friend an account of a great family affliction he had
+sustained in the loss of a beloved daughter, the writer goes on to say:]
+
+Je ne crains pas de vous importuner en vous parlant ainsi de ce qui me
+touche si profondément: je sais la part que vous prenez à tout ce qui est
+douleur et confiance en Dieu, par Jésus Christ. Je n'ai pas craint non plus
+de vous choquer en vous écrivant avec un ton si familier, et comme il
+conviendrait à une ancienne connaissance; car il me semble que nous le
+sommes; l'affection et l'estime de ma part et une grande bonté de la vôtre,
+ont bien pu suppléer le temps. Permettez-moi d'espérer que le bonheur que
+j'ai de vous connaître n'aura pas été un accident dans une vie, et que des
+causes plus heureuses que d'autrefois vous ramèneront bientôt encore dans
+ce pays; et, en attendant, veuillez me garder une petite place dans votre
+faveur, comme vous êtes toujours vivant dans le mien. Je suis, avec la plus
+affectueuse considération,
+
+Votre dévoué serviteur et ami,
+
+ALEXANDRE MANZONI.
+
+Mr. Hope proceeded from Milan to Florence and Rome. Almost the only letter
+referring to this visit to Rome that has come before me is one written to
+Mr. Badeley on December 19. It contains very little of importance. Much of
+it is taken up with an account of Sir William Follett, then at Rome, and
+verging towards his end, of whom Mr. Hope had seen a great deal. Other
+friends named are Mr. and Mrs. Vivian, and Mr. Waterton. From the latter,
+Mr. Hope had 'an interesting account of Tickell's reception into the Church
+of Rome at Bruges. He was himself present, and very much struck by T.'s
+devout and humble behaviour.'
+
+'Of the Roman clergy,' Mr. Hope remarks, 'I have seen little, and have
+indeed almost given up my inquiries among them.' He mentions in the same
+letter that he intended leaving Rome on January 1 or 2, 'and to speed
+homewards _viâ_ Leghorn, Genoa, Marseilles, and Paris.' Amidst all
+this apparent coldness, and in spite of all the expressions of
+disappointment with Rome that have appeared thus far, [Footnote: On the
+cause of this dissatisfaction an intimate friend of his has observed: 'For
+myself I think the real and sufficient reason of his disappointment with
+Rome was, that the Roman authorities naturally and reasonably would not
+open to a Protestant. They would fear their information would be used
+against them. They could not know his honesty of purpose.'] it is clear
+that the secret influence and spirit of the place were working their effect
+on his mind. A great proof of this will be given further on, in a letter of
+the Père Roothaan's to a friend relative to Mr. Hope's conversion.
+
+A sentence from a letter of Mr. Hope's about two years afterwards is here
+in point. 'Your impression of Rome (he writes to Mr. Badeley, October 16,
+1847) appears to be similar to that of most who see it for the first time;
+but it grows upon one, and the recollection will be deeper than the present
+feeling.'
+
+There is a pleasing note to Mr. Hope, dated December 20, 1844, from Mgr.
+Grant, then Rector of the English College at Rome, and afterwards the well-
+known Bishop of Southwark, one of the most beloved and venerated friends of
+his Catholic period. It merely gives information to assist him in visiting
+St. John Lateran's, and promises to send an order for St. Peter's. It
+concludes characteristically: 'I shall be too happy to serve you whenever I
+can be useful. Although you do not think so, you will find that _little
+people_ are not without some use; and, in the hope that you will allow
+me an opportunity of proving that I am in the right, I remain, with many
+thanks for your kindness, &c.,--THOMAS GRANT.' I may here also give a short
+letter of Bishop Grant's, of later date, illustrating their friendship, and
+including some traces of its beginning at Rome:--
+
+_The Right Rev. Dr. Grant, Bishop of Southwark, to J. R. Hope-Scott,
+Esq., Q.C._
+
+June 23, 1853.
+
+My dear Mr. Hope-Scott,--The _frescoes_ have arrived, and I hasten to
+thank you for a gift, valuable in itself, but most dear to me, because it
+will ever remind me of the beginning of that friendship which has always
+been so pleasing to me, and which forms one of the consolations that are
+allowed to me in the midst of the weighty duties of my present state--
+duties which I little expected when we quarrelled peacefully about Swiss
+guards and troops of soldiers lining St. Peter's on grand days.
+
+When you next visit the churches and antiquities of Rome, Mary Monica will
+catch up the ardour that will then probably have gone by for you and
+myself, and will wonder why you care so little for them; and if I am with
+you I fear I shall be more tempted to tell her of the quiet rooms in Via
+della Croce, when I first knew her father, than of the Arch of Drusus, or
+other pagan monuments that once entertained our attention.
+
+Yours very sincerely,
+
+† THOMAS GRANT.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott had a high admiration for this saintly Bishop, and used to
+speak of him as '_the_ Bishop,' always meaning by that Bishop Grant.
+
+Early in 1845, and not many weeks after his return to England, Mr. Hope
+resigned his chancellorship of Salisbury. It can scarcely be doubted that
+misgivings as to his religious position, more apparent perhaps to us now
+than they then were even to himself, were among his leading motives for
+taking this important step; although the immense accumulation of his
+business before the Parliamentary committees must have rendered it
+difficult for him, even with his talents, to hold with it an appointment
+like that in such times; and feelings of friendship for his successor, the
+present Sir Robert Phillimore, may also have influenced him. The date of
+the resignation was Feb. 10.
+
+The judgment of Sir Herbert Jenner Fust in the celebrated 'Stone Altar
+Case,' by which wooden altars only were permitted, was a severe
+discouragement to the Tractarian party, being felt to interfere with the
+idea of sacrifice. From the following passage of a letter (undated) of Dr.
+Pusey's to Mr. Hope, it appears that he (Mr. Hope) had endeavoured to take
+a more favourable view. The letter probably belongs to Feb. or March 1845.
+
+I do not know whether the opinion you give is as to law previous to Sir H.
+J. F.'s decision, and as a ground of appeal against it, or as to what would
+still be allowed. Would his judgment preclude our having a stone slab,
+either upon stone pedestals or a wooden panelled altar? I have comforted
+others with the same topic you mention, that wooden tables are altars by
+virtue of ye sacrifice, and so that this decision really alters nothing.
+Still, it does seemingly, and was intended to discountenance the
+doctrine.... It must be confessed, too, that this decision of Sir H. J. F.
+is a defeat--only an outward one, and availing nothing while truth spreads
+within. Still it is well to neutralise the sentence as much as we can.
+
+Ever yrs affectly,
+
+E. B. PUSEY.
+
+Notwithstanding this, Mr. Hope is remembered, after the adverse decision,
+to have despondingly asked, 'Where is the use of fighting for the shell
+when we have lost the kernel?'
+
+Among the other agitations of that time was the prosecution instituted in
+the Court of Arches by Dr. Blomfield, Bishop of London, against the Rev.
+Frederick Oakeley (the late Canon) for views which he had expressed about
+the Blessed Sacrament. Canon Oakeley, in a conversation I had with him in
+1878, gave me the following information as to the part taken by Mr. Hope as
+his friend and adviser in this case, and general recollections of him. He
+had resolved to let the case go by default, partly because he felt
+convinced that it was sure to be decided in favour of the Bishop, as those
+cases always were; partly because he disliked a subject like the Blessed
+Sacrament to be bandied about by the lawyers in that way. Mr. Hope, on the
+other hand, urged him to place himself in the hands of counsel, and thought
+a good case might be made by reference to books on canon law and Roman
+writers of the moderate school (Gallican), showing that, in point of fact,
+the holding of 'all Roman doctrine' (thus interpreted) was compatible with
+the doctrine of the Church of England. [Footnote: _Thus interpreted_,
+observe. Mr. Newman himself, in a letter to Mr. Hope, dated Littlemore, May
+14, 1845, says: 'You are quite right in saying I do not take Ward and
+Oakeley's grounds that all Roman doctrine may be held in our Church, and
+that _as_ Roman I have always and everywhere resisted it.'] The
+principle on which he went was the approximation made out by Sancta Clara
+and in Tract 90. Mr. Hope had more hopes of the House of Lords than of the
+Court of Arches, and wished Mr. Oakeley to appeal to the former. If he was
+afraid of the expenses, he said they would manage all that for him.
+[Footnote: Mr. Hope had formed a committee (in conjunction with Serjeant
+Bellasis, Mr. Badeley, and Mr. J. D. Chambers) in order to raise
+contributions to meet Mr. Oakeley's expenses. I find an exchange of notes
+dated March 10, 1845, between Mr. Hope and Mr. Gladstone on this matter.
+Mr. Hope encloses a circular, and invites Mr. Gladstone to contribute,
+remarking 'As the process must throw light upon many collateral points, I
+amongst others am much interested in its being well conducted. I am,
+moreover, as a friend of O.'s, anxious that he should have fair
+play....This looks like the beginning of the end.' Mr. Gladstone, in reply,
+alludes to doubts he had had whether he could subscribe _in re_ Ward.
+'Although I am far from having (upon a slight consideration as yet, for I
+have been very busy with other matters) found them conclusive; for I think
+we are going to try questions of academical right, and even of general
+justice.' He therefore declines subscribing in Mr. Oakeley's case,
+promising to give Mr. Hope his reasons whenever they should meet.]He added,
+however, 'But I think you are inclined to go over to the Church of Rome;
+and if that is the case, it is useless to proceed.' Mr. Hope at that time
+(said the Canon) was a staunch Anglican. He did not, however, see more of
+him than of any other member of his congregation perhaps once in three
+months. After Mr. Oakeley had become a Catholic, Mr. Hope once asked him to
+breakfast, which he accepted rather hesitatingly. At that time he (Mr.
+Oakeley) thought less favourably of Protestants than he did now, and hinted
+that he must take a line in conversation that might not be acceptable. Mr.
+Hope said they need not talk of that, let him come. At this breakfast Mr.
+Hope mentioned that he had been lately at Rome (he could allude to no other
+visit than that of 1844-5), where he had seen a procession of the Pope in
+the _sedia gestatoria_, and thought how much better it would have been
+if he had walked in the procession like any other Bishop--that was the line
+he took. [I ought to add that, later in my conversation with him, Canon
+Oakeley seemed rather to hesitate whether it was Mr. Hope or some one else
+who made this observation about the Pope's procession, but in the end he
+appeared to feel satisfied that it was Mr. Hope.]
+
+In the same troubled spring of 1845 a movement was going on to assimilate
+the office of the Scottish Episcopalian Church to that of the English. Dean
+Ramsay of Edinburgh had asked Mr. Hope for a legal opinion on a case in
+which he was concerned bearing on this. Mr. Hope, in a letter to him dated
+April 8, declines to meddle with the question, and adds:--
+
+I can hardly tell you how much I deprecate any steps which may tend to
+diminish the authority of the _native_ office; how entirely I dissent
+from any plans of further assimilation to the foreign English Church.
+Indeed, the consequences of such schemes at this moment would in my opinion
+be most disastrous.
+
+Some letters of great interest with reference to Mr. Hope's religious
+position at this period occur in the Gladstone correspondence. Mr.
+Gladstone, being now thoroughly aware that his friend was entertaining
+serious doubts as to the Catholicity of the Church of England, writes him a
+very long and deeply considered letter, appealing in the first place to a
+promise of co-operation which Mr. Hope had made him in the earlier days of
+their friendship, and placing before him, with all the power and eloquence
+of which he is so great a master, what he regarded as the most unanswerable
+arguments for remaining in the Anglican communion. From this letter I quote
+the following passages as strictly biographical:--
+
+_The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P. to J. M. Hope, Esq._
+
+13 Carlton House Terrace: Thursday night, May 15, '45.
+
+_Private._
+
+My dear Hope,--In 1838 you lent me that generous and powerful aid in the
+preparation of my book for the press, to which I owe it that the defects
+and faults of the work fell short of absolutely disqualifying it for its
+purpose. From that time I began to form not only high but definite
+anticipations of the services which you would render to the Church in the
+deep and searching processes through which she has passed and yet has to
+pass. These anticipations, however, did not rest only upon my own wishes,
+or on the hopes which benefits already received might have led me to form.
+In the commencement of 1840, in the very room where we talked to-night, you
+voluntarily and somewhat solemnly tendered to me the assurance that you
+would at all times be ready to co-operate with me in furtherance of the
+welfare of the Church, and you placed no limit upon the extent of such co-
+operation. I had no title to expect and had not expected a promise so
+heart-stirring, but I set upon it a value scarcely to be described, and it
+ever after entered as an element of the first importance into all my views
+of the future course of public affairs in their bearing upon religion.
+[Footnote: With this may be compared Mr. Hope's letter to Mr. Gladstone of
+October 11, 1838, given in chapter ix. (vol. i.).]
+
+       *       *        *       *        *
+
+If the time shall ever come (which I look upon as extremely uncertain, but
+I think if it comes at all it will be before the lapse of many years) when
+I am called upon to use any of those opportunities [the writer had just
+spoken of 'the great opportunities, the gigantic opportunities of good or
+evil to the Church which the course of events seems (humanly speaking)
+certain to open up'], it would be my duty to look to you for aid, under the
+promise to which I have referred, unless in the meantime you shall as
+deliberately and solemnly withdraw that promise as you first made it. I
+will not describe at length how your withdrawal of it would increase that
+sense of desolation which, as matters now stand, often approaches to being
+intolerable. I only speak of it as a matter of fact, and I am anxious you
+should know that I look to it as one of the very weightiest kind, under a
+title which you have given me. You would of course cancel it upon the
+conviction that it involved sin upon your part: with anything less than
+that conviction I do not expect that you will cancel it; and I am, on the
+contrary, persuaded that you will struggle against pain, depression,
+disgust, and even against doubt touching the very root of our position, for
+the fulfilment of any actual _duties_ which the post you actually
+occupy in the Church of God, taken in connection with your faculties and
+attainments, may assign to you.
+
+You have given me lessons that I have taken thankfully. Believe I do it in
+the payment of a debt, if I tell you that your mind and intellect, to which
+I look up with reverence under a consciousness of immense inferiority, are
+much under the dominion, whether it be known or not known to yourself, of
+an agency lower than their own, more blind, more variable, more difficult
+to call inwardly to account and make to answer for itself--the agency, I
+mean, of painful and disheartening impressions--impressions which have an
+unhappy and powerful tendency to realise the very worst of what they
+picture. Of this fact I have repeatedly noted the signs in you.
+
+I should have been glad to have got your advice on some points connected
+with the Maynooth question on Monday next, but I will not introduce here
+any demand upon your kindness; the claims of this letter on your attention,
+be they great or small, and you are their only judge, rest upon wholly
+different grounds.
+
+God bless and guide you, and prosper the work of your hands.
+
+Ever your aff'te friend, W. E. GLADSTONE.
+
+J. R. Hope, Esq.
+
+The friends both being in London at the time, the correspondence gives no
+further light at this point. In July Mr. Gladstone proposed to Mr. Hope
+that they two should go on a tour in Ireland together. The invitation must
+be given in his own words:--
+
+_The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P. to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+13 C. H. Terrace: July 23, 1845.
+
+My dear Hope,--Ireland is likely to find this country and Parliament so
+much employment for years to come, that I feel rather oppressively an
+obligation to try and see it with my own eyes instead of using those of
+other people, according to the limited measure of my means.
+
+Now your company would be so very valuable as well as agreeable to me, that
+I am desirous to know whether you are at all inclined to entertain the idea
+of devoting the month of September, after the meeting in Edinburgh, to a
+working tour in Ireland with me--eschewing all grandeur, and taking little
+account even of scenery, compared with the purpose of looking from close
+quarters at the institutions for religion and education of the country, and
+at the character of the people. It seems ridiculous to talk of supplying
+the defects of second-hand information by so short a trip; but though a
+longer time would be much better, yet even a very contracted one does much
+when it is added to an habitual though indirect knowledge.
+
+Believe me Your attached friend, W. E. GLADSTONE.
+
+It is much to be regretted that this tour was not accomplished, but various
+engagements prevented Mr. Hope's accepting the invitation: he spent that
+part of the vacation in Scotland, and Mr. Gladstone on the Continent.
+Shortly after the date of the preceding letter Mr. Gladstone appears to
+have suggested to Mr. Hope the idea of his joining some association for
+active charity, which is partly illustrated by a correspondence which I
+shall presently quote; but Mr. Hope (August 6) writes:--
+
+As to the guild or confraternity, I am not at this moment prepared to join
+it. My reasons are various, but I have not had leisure to think them out.
+When I have revolved the matter further, perhaps I may trouble you again
+upon it.
+
+On October 9, 1845, Mr. Newman was received into the Catholic Church, and
+Mr. Hope writes to him on the 20th:--
+
+I was so fully prepared that the event fell lightly on my mind, but the
+feeling of separation has since grown upon me painfully. The effect which,
+I think I told you, it would have upon my conduct, is that of forcing me to
+a deliberate inquiry; but I feel most unfit for it, and look with anxiety
+to your book as my guide. I hope to be at Oxford early next week, and trust
+to see you. Meantime, if it be anything to you to know that all my personal
+feelings towards you remain unaltered, or rather, are deepened, that much I
+can sincerely say.
+
+On December 1 he speaks of his own joining the Roman Catholic Church as
+'what may eventually happen,' adding: 'But I feel that I have yet much
+before me, both in moral and intellectual exertion, ere I can hope for a
+conclusion. Meantime I beg your prayers.'
+
+On December 22 he gives his impressions of Newman's 'Essay on Development,'
+so eagerly expected:--
+
+I have read your book _once_ through. To apprehend it fully will
+require one, if not two more perusals. The effect produced upon me as yet
+is that of perplexity at seeing how wide a range of thought appears to be
+required for the discussion. I had thought that the principles which I
+already acknowledge would, upon a careful application, suffice for the
+solution of the difficulties; but you have taken me into a region less
+familiar to me, and the extent of which makes me feel helpless and
+discouraged.
+
+It may be worth mentioning that soon after the 'Essay on Development' came
+out, Mr. Hope asked a friend at dinner across the table (the anecdote was
+given me by the latter), 'Have you read the "Extravagant of John"?' To
+understand this, the unlearned reader must be told that certain celebrated
+constitutions, decreed by Pope John XXII., are called by canonists the
+'Extravagantes Joannis.' The play on the word was one which would be
+relished by Mr. Hope's friend, who was almost as great a student of the
+canon law as himself. His meaning, however, may have been that he thought
+Mr. Newman had taken up a view outside of the received system.
+
+In the two letters I have just quoted Mr. Hope enters, like a kind friend
+and adviser, into Mr. Newman's plans in the early days of his conversion,
+but an interruption of the correspondence seems to have followed on Mr.
+Newman's going to Rome, where he was from autumn, 1846, to the beginning of
+1848. It is probable, indeed, that it was the consciousness of his own
+affection for Mr. Newman, and of Mr. Newman's influence over him, that led
+Mr. Hope to abstain, during that long interval, from intercourse with a
+friend whom he regarded with such deep respect and admiration. There is,
+however, a letter of Mr. Newman's from Rome in the interval, which will be
+read with great interest, both for his own history and for the light, yet
+thrilling touch of spiritual kindness which it conveys towards the end. It
+contains, too, a line explaining his own silence.
+
+_The Rev. J. H. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq_.
+
+(Private.) Collegio di Prop.: Feb. 23, '47.
+
+My dear Hope,--I have been writing so very, very much lately, that now that
+I want to tell you something my hand is so tired that I can hardly write a
+word. We are to be Oratorians. Mgr. Brunelli went to the Pope about it the
+day before yesterday, my birthday. The Pope took up the plan most warmly,
+as had Mgr. B., to whom we had mentioned it a month back. Mgr. had returned
+my paper, in which I drew out my plan, saying, 'Mi piace immensamente,' and
+repeated several times that the plan was 'ben ideata.' They have from the
+first been as kind to us as possible, and are ever willing to do anything
+for us. I have ever been thinking of you, and you must have thought my
+silence almost unkind, but I waited to tell you something which would be
+real news. It is _no_ secret that we are to be Oratorians, but matters
+of detail being uncertain, you had better keep it to yourself. The Pope
+wishes us to come here, as many as can, form a house under an experienced
+Oratorian Father, go through a novitiate, and return. Of course they will
+hasten us back as soon as [they] can, but that will depend on our progress.
+I _suppose_ we shall set up in Birmingham... You are not likely to
+know the very Jesuits of Propaganda. We are very fortunate in them. The
+Rector (Padre Bresciani) is a man of great delicacy and real kindness; our
+confessor, Father Ripetti, is one of the most excellent persons we have
+fallen in with, tho' I can't describe him to you in a few words. Another
+person we got on uncommonly with was Ghianda at Milan. Bellasis will have
+told you about him. We owed a great deal to you there, and did not forget
+you, my dear Hope. Let me say it, O that God would give you the gift of
+faith! Forgive me for this. I know you will. It is of no use my plaguing
+you with many words. I want you for the Church in England, and the Church
+for you. But I must do my own work in my own place, and leave everything
+else to that inscrutable Will which we can but adore;... Well, our lot is
+fixed. What will come to it I know not. Don't think me ambitious. I am not.
+I have no views. It will be enough for me if I get into some active work,
+and save my own soul.... My affectionate remembrances to Badeley....
+
+Ever y'rs affectionately, John H. Newman.
+
+I find, towards the end of 1850, a very interesting exchange of letters
+between Dr. Newman and Mr. Hope, which may conveniently be given here,
+though chronologically they ought to come later. I first give a letter
+needed to explain them:--
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C. to the Rev. Stuart Bathurst._
+
+Abbotsford: Nov. 4, '50.
+
+Dear Bathurst,--Your kind letter needed no apologies; and for your prayers
+and good thoughts for me I thank you much. May they of God be blessed to me
+in clearer light as well as in a purer conscience! As yet I do not see my
+way as you have done yours, but I pray that I may not long remain in such
+doubt as I now have.
+
+From our address I conclude that you are with Newman. Tell him with my kind
+regards that I hope he has not forgotten me. I have very often thought of
+him, and have sometimes been near writing to him, but have had nothing
+definite to say. I have read his last lectures, and wish they were extended
+to a review of doctrine, and the difficulties which beset it to an
+Anglican.
+
+Let me hear from you when you have time, and believe me, my dear Bathurst,
+
+Yours ever aff'tly,
+
+James R. Hope.
+
+The Rev. S. Bathurst.
+
+_The Very Rev. Dr. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+Oratory, Birmingham: Nov. 20, 1850.
+
+My dear Hope,--It is with the greatest pleasure I have just read the letter
+which you wrote to Bathurst, and which he has forwarded to me.... I now
+fully see ... that your silence has arisen merely from the difficulty of
+writing to one in another communion, and the irksomeness and indolence (if
+you will let me so speak) we all feel in doing what is difficult, what may
+be misconceived, and what can scarcely have object or use.
+
+I know perfectly well, my dear Hope, your great moral and intellectual
+qualities, and will not cease to pray that the grace of God may give you
+the obedience of faith, and use them as His instruments. For myself, I say
+it from my heart, I have not had a single doubt, or temptation to doubt,
+ever since I became a Catholic. I believe this to be the case with most
+men--it certainly is so with those with whom I am in habits of intimacy. My
+great temptation is to be at _peace_, and let things go on as they
+will, and not trouble myself about others. This being the case, your
+recommendation that I should 'take a review of doctrine, and of the
+difficulties which beset it to an Anglican,' is anything but welcome, and
+makes me smile. Surely, enough has been written--all the writing in the
+world would not destroy the necessity of faith. If all were now made clear
+to reason, where would be the exercise of faith? The single question is,
+whether _enough_ has not been done to _reduce_ the difficulties
+so far as to hinder them absolutely blocking up the way, or excluding those
+direct and large arguments on which the reasonableness of faith is built.
+
+Ever yours affectionately,
+
+John H. Newman.
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C. to the Very Rev. Dr. Newman._
+
+Abbotsford: Nov. 27, '50.
+
+Dear Newman,--The receipt of your letter gave me sincere pleasure. It
+renews a correspondence which I value very highly, and which my own
+stupidity had interrupted. Offence I had never taken, but causes such as
+you describe much better than I could have done were the occasion of my
+silence.
+
+You may now find that you have brought more trouble on yourself, for there
+are many things on which I should like to ask you questions, and I know
+that your time is already much engaged. However, at present my chief object
+is to assure you how very glad I am again to write to you, as the friend
+whom I almost fear I had thrown away. Whatever occurs, do not let us be
+again estranged. It is not easy, as one gets older, to form new friendships
+of any kind, and least of all such as I have always considered yours....
+
+Ever, dear Newman,
+
+Yours affectionately
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+_The Very Rev. Dr. Newman to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+Oratory, Birmingham: November 29, 1850.
+
+My dear Hope,--I write a line to thank you for your letter, and to say how
+glad I shall be to hear from you, as you half propose, whether or not I am
+able to say anything to your satisfaction, which would be a greater and
+different pleasure.
+
+It makes me smile to hear you talk of getting older. What must I feel,
+whose life is gone ere it is well begun?
+
+Ever yours affectionately,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN,
+
+Congr. Orat.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1845-1851.
+
+Mr. Hope's Doubts of Anglicanism--Correspondence with Mr. Gladstone--
+Correspondence of J. R. Hope and Mr. Gladstone continued--Mr. Gladstone
+advises Active Works of Charity--Bishop Philpotts advises Mr. Hope to go
+into Parliament--Mr. Hope and Mr. Gladstone in Society--Mr. Hope on the
+Church Affairs of Canada--Dr. Hampden, Bishop of Hereford--The Troubles at
+Leeds--Mr. Hope on the Jewish Question, &c.--The Gorham Case--The Curzon
+Street Resolutions--The 'Papal Aggression' Commotion--Correspondence of Mr.
+Hope and Mr. Manning--Their Conversion--Opinions of Friends on Mr. Hope's
+Conversion--Mr. Gladstone--Father Roothaan, F.G. Soc. Jes., to Count
+Senfft--Dr. Döllinger--Mr. Hope to Mr. Badeley--Conversion of Mr. W.
+Palmer.
+
+
+To return to the Gladstone correspondence which we quitted some pages back.
+In a letter dated Baden-Baden, October 30, 1845, Mr. Gladstone, after
+mentioning his having been at Munich, where, through an introduction from
+Mr. Hope, he had made the acquaintance of Dr. Döllinger, criticises at some
+length Möhler's 'Symbolik,' which he had been reading on Mr. Hope's
+recommendation. I must quote the conclusion of the letter in his own
+words:--
+
+No religion and no politics until we meet, and that more than ever
+uncertain. Hard terms, my dear Hope; do not complain if I devote to them
+the scraps or ends of my fourth page. But now let me rebuke myself, and
+say, no levity about great and solemn things. There are degrees of pressure
+from within that it is impossible to resist. The Church in which our lot
+has been cast has come to the birth, and the question is, will she have
+strength to bring forth? I am persuaded it is written in God's decrees that
+she shall; and that after deep repentance and deep suffering a high and
+peculiar part remains for her in healing the wounds of Christendom. [Nor]
+is there any man, I cannot be silent, whose portion in her work is more
+clearly marked out for him than yours. But you have, if not your revenge,
+your security. I must keep my word. God bless and guide you.
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+W. E. G.
+
+The following letter is deeply interesting:--
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq. to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P._
+
+35 Charles Street, Mayfair:
+
+December 5, 1845.
+
+Dear Gladstone,--I return Döllinger's letter, which I had intended to give
+you last night.
+
+The debate has cost me a headache, besides the regrets I almost always feel
+after having engaged in theological discussions. A sense of my own
+ignorance and prejudices should teach me to be more moderate in expressing,
+as well as more cautious in forming opinions; but it is my nature to
+require some broad view for my guidance, and since Anglicanism has lost
+this aspect to me, I am restless and ill at ease.
+
+I know well, however, that I have not deserved by my life that I should be
+without great struggle in my belief, and this ought to teach me to do more
+and say less.
+
+I must therefore try more and more to be fit for the truth, wherever it may
+lie, and in this I hope for your prayers.
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+_The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P. to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+13 C. H. Terrace:
+
+Dec. 7, 2nd Sunday in Advent, 1845.
+
+My dear Hope,--I need hardly tell you I am deeply moved by your note, and
+your asking my prayers. I trust you give what you ask. As for them you have
+long had them; in private and in public, and in the hour of Holy Communion.
+But you must not look for anything from them; only they cannot do any harm.
+Under the merciful dispensation of the Gospel, while the prayer of the
+righteous availeth much, the petition of the unworthy does not return in
+evils on the head of those for whom it is offered.
+
+Your speaking of yourself in low terms is the greatest kindness to me. It
+is with such things before my eyes that I learn in some measure by
+comparison my own true position.... [Mr. Gladstone goes on to controvert
+his friend's desire for 'broad views,' on the principles of Butler, and
+proceeds] Now let me use a friend's liberty on a point of practice. Do you
+not so far place yourself in rather a false position by withdrawing in so
+considerable a degree from those active external duties in which you were
+so conspicuous? Is rest in that department really favourable to religious
+inquiry? You said to me you preferred at this time selecting temporal
+works: are we not in this difficulty, that temporal works, so far as mere
+money is concerned, are nowadays relatively overdone? But if you mean
+temporal works otherwise than in money, I would to God we could join hands
+upon a subject of the kind which interested you much two years ago. And now
+I am going to speak of what concerns myself more than you, as needing it
+more.
+
+The desire we then both felt passed off, as far as I am concerned, into a
+plan of asking only a donation and subscription. Now it is very difficult
+to satisfy the demands of duty to the poor by money alone. On the other
+hand, it is extremely hard for me (and I suppose possibly for you) to give
+them much in the shape of time and thought, for both with me are already
+tasked up to and beyond their powers, and by matters which I cannot
+displace. I much wish we could execute some plan which, without demanding
+much time, would entail the discharge of some humble and humbling
+offices.... If you thought with me--and I do not see why you should not,
+except that to assume the reverse is paying myself a compliment--let us go
+to work, as in the young days of the college plan, but with a more direct
+and less ambitious purpose.... In answer give me advice and help if you
+can; and when we meet to talk of these things, it will be more refreshing
+than metaphysical or semi-metaphysical argument. All that part of my note
+which refers to questions internal to yourself is not meant to be answered
+except in your own breast.
+
+And now may the Lord grant that, as heretofore, so ever we may walk in His
+holy house as friends, and know how good a thing it is to dwell together in
+unity! But at all events may He, as He surely will, compass you about with
+His presence and by His holy angels, and cause you to awake up after His
+likeness, and to be satisfied with it! ...
+
+Ever your affectionate friend,
+
+W. E. GLADSTONE.
+
+J. R. Hope, Esq.
+
+The above letter appears to throw a light upon Mr. Hope's views of action
+at that time (it was a year of approaching the acme of his professional
+energies) which I have not met with elsewhere. Those views he did not see
+his way to give up, notwithstanding the representations so kindly urged by
+his friend. It will have been remarked that Mr. Gladstone did not expect
+any answer, in the ordinary sense of the word, to the most serious part of
+his letter, and in his reply (December 8), which is merely a note, Mr. Hope
+simply says:--
+
+Many, many thanks for your letter, which I received this morning. I will
+think it over, and particularly as regards the engagement in some temporal
+almsdeed. I see, however, many obstacles in my own way, both from health
+and occupation.
+
+After this, though the two friends continued still to correspond, yet the
+letters are of comparatively little moment, the subject nearest to the
+hearts of both being of necessity suppressed, or almost so; topics once of
+common interest, such as Trinity College (now near its opening) [Footnote:
+See vol. i. (ch. xiv. p. 278).] and Church legislation, having of course
+lost their attractions for Mr. Hope. In the autumn of 1846 there was an
+interchange of visits between Rankeillour [Footnote: Rankeillour, a family
+seat near Cupar, in Fifeshire, which Mr. Hope with his sister-in-law, Lady
+Frances Hope, had rented the previous year, 1845, from his brother, Mr. G.
+W. Hope, of Luffness, and which was theirs and Lady Hope's joint home when
+in Scotland, until Mr. Hope's marriage in 1847.] and Fasque, and kind and
+friendly offices and family sympathies went on as of old. Yet, if the
+_idem sentire de republicâ_ was long ago recognised as a condition of
+intimate friendship, how much more is the observation true of the _idem
+sentire de ecclesiâ_! The following letter, addressed to Mr, Hope early
+in 1846 by Dr. Philpotts, will show what powerful influences were still at
+work to gain or recover Mr. Hope's services to Anglicanism in political
+life:--
+
+_The Right Rev. Dr. Philpotts, Bishop of Exeter, to J. R. Hope, Esq._
+
+Bishopstowe: 16 Feb., 1846.
+
+My dear Sir,--... The miserable state of political matters makes me
+earnestly wish (which I fear you do not) that you may soon be in
+Parliament. It is manifest that we are approaching a most important crisis.
+To give any rational ground of hope (humanly speaking) of a favourable
+issue, it is most necessary that there should be an accession of high-
+principled talent and power of speaking to the honest party. You would
+carry this, and, forgive my adding, _ought_ to carry it if a fit
+opportunity be presented to you.
+
+I say not this with any imagination that the objects of political ambition
+have any attraction to you, but because I think you would (with God's
+blessing) be a tower of strength to all the best institutions and interests
+of the country.
+
+_Hactenùs hæc._
+
+Yours most faithfully,
+
+H. EXETER.
+
+'Henry of Exeter,' in a conversation with Lady Henry Kerr in those days,
+once said that he considered three men as those to whom the country had
+chiefly to look in the coming time: Manning in the Church, Gladstone in the
+State, and Mr. Hope in the Law. The Bishop was, I believe, thought rather
+apt to indulge in what were called 'Philpottic flourishes,' but the above
+letter shows his deliberate opinion of Mr. Hope, which is quite borne out
+by the rest of his correspondence. He constantly asks his counsel on Church
+affairs and Church legislation, till his conversion was approaching; and
+even long after it, I find him in 1862, when about to appeal to the House
+of Lords from a decision in the courts below, asking Mr. Hope's assistance
+in these terms: 'I venture to have recourse to you--as one whose skill and
+ability, knowledge--as well as your kindness often experienced--makes me
+estimate more highly than any other.... I am _very anxious_ to obtain
+your powerful advocacy before the Lords. Is this contrary to your usage?
+[Footnote: Right Rev. Dr. Philpotts to J. R. Hope-Scott, February 22,
+1862.] In a letter, now before me, from a member of the legal profession
+and a Protestant, the writer, referring to some occasion in early days on
+which he had met Mr. Hope and Mr. Gladstone together in society, remarks:
+'They were constantly discussing important questions. I am sure that, if a
+stranger had come in, and heard that one of them would be Premier, he would
+have selected [Mr. Hope] as the superior of the two. And I always thought
+that his abilities and character fitted him for the highest positions in
+the country. But his aims were for eminence in a still higher sphere, and
+he readily abandoned the road to worldly distinctions when he thought that
+his duty towards God required the sacrifice.' Of course I only quote this
+as evidence of the impression which Mr. Hope had made on an individual
+observer, [Footnote: It is perfectly just.--_W. E. G._] not as
+instituting any comparison, which would be wholly out of place.
+
+The following letter is more of ecclesiastical and legal than personal
+interest. It is in reply to a line from Mr. Gladstone, asking his advice:--
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq. to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P._
+
+35 Charles Street:
+
+Wednesday evening, March 18, '46.
+
+Dear Gladstone,--I had some hopes of being able to call on you this
+morning, but was disappointed.
+
+With regard to the Canadian Archbishopric, if you have seen what I wrote
+about a bishopric in the same colony you will have got the historical view
+which I was then induced to take. I am convinced that the parties to the
+Treaty of Paris and the framers of the first Act contemplated a Roman
+Church with an Anglican supremacy of the Crown. Their successors did not
+understand this, and proceeded upon the theory of toleration--thereby at
+once yielding the power of direct interference and refusing direct
+establishment. But in fact the R. C. Church is established, and
+consequently Rome has the advantage both of establishment and complete
+independence. I am not the man to say that the latter ought to be
+infringed, but I think it right to draw your attention to the departure
+from the original idea of the position of the R. C. Church in Canada. As
+matters now stand I think Lord Stanley had no option, and could only be
+neutral; but the original theory of royal supremacy having failed (as was
+natural), a concordat alone can decide the relations of Church and State in
+that quarter. The question of precedence is certainly not in itself
+sufficient to decide the conduct of Government, but it presents a
+difficulty; and the more difficulties there are, the more needs of a
+complete solution.
+
+It seems to me, therefore, that you must either follow Lord Stanley in his
+neutrality, and leave the consequences to chance, or at once originate a
+communication with the Holy See; and for the latter purposes I think Canada
+affords as fair an occasion as it is possible to find.
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P.
+
+In the same year, 1846, the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the see of
+Hereford was 'a heavy blow and great discouragement' to the Tractarian
+party; but the correspondence does not throw much light on the subject as
+far as regards Mr. Hope. He must have felt his profession sucking him in
+like a vortex, from which it is wonderful how he could grasp the Catholic
+faith in the end. Many of his friends were now doing so, but he still held
+back. The following sentences from a letter he wrote to Father Newman, then
+(April 23, 1846) contemplating his departure for Rome, will show something
+of Mr. Hope's then position--Anglican ideas not so vanished that they might
+not possibly have been, at least in imagination, renewed--Catholic ideas
+not yet distinctly written in their place.
+
+I can construe the obscure wish with which your letter concludes. I join
+heartily in desiring _some_ termination to my present doubts; but
+whether in the direction you would think right, or by a return to
+Anglicanism, is the question. I am astonished to find how resolute Keble is
+in maintaining his present position. Others, also, of more earnestness and
+better knowledge than myself, are recoiling--and this troubles me, for I
+cannot but look around for authority.
+
+To his own family he became more and more reserved on the subject, and
+showed unwillingness that difficulties should be touched; for, great as was
+his wish that the Church of England should assert herself Catholic, he
+dreaded, on good grounds, that if awakened from her slumbers, the only
+effect would be that she would use her giant strength against her friends
+as well as enemies, hit them knocks, and then relapse into repose. Unable
+even yet to make up his mind whether those of his friends who had joined
+the Church of Rome had done right or wrong, materially, at all events, he
+remained an Anglican. Such a state of mind necessarily varied, if not from
+day to day, at least at longer intervals. At the close of 1846 came the
+troubles at St. Saviour's, Leeds, a stronghold of the section peculiarly
+under Dr. Pusey's influence, which encountered the opposition of the old
+Tractarianism, or rather Church-of-Englandism of Dr. Hook. They ended in
+some important conversions, but, as affecting Mr. Hope, seem scarcely to
+require to be dwelt on. In May 1847 I find him exerting himself in favour
+of Mr. Gladstone's candidature for the University of Oxford. On December 9
+he writes (from Rankeillour) to Mr. Gladstone on the question of Jewish
+emancipation as follows:--
+
+On the Jewish question my bigotry makes me liberal. To symbolise the
+Christianity of the House of Commons in its present form is to substitute a
+new Church and creed for the old Catholic one; and as this is delusive, I
+would do nothing to countenance it. Better have the Legislature declared
+what it really is--not professedly Christian, and then let the Church claim
+those rights and that independence which nothing but the pretence of
+Christianity can entitle the Legislature to withhold from it. In this view
+the emancipation of the Jews must tend to that of the Church, and at any
+rate a 'sham' will be discarded. However, I am not disposed to press my
+views on this or similar points. I have withdrawn from Church politics, and
+never had to do with any others. How long this peaceful disposition may
+last I know not, but my station in life does not seem to me to require that
+I should meddle. For this reason, if for no other, you may be sure I do not
+regret having lost the honour of being armour-bearer to the Bishop of
+Exeter in the Hampden strife. That appointment, however, is certainly bad
+enough.
+
+Mr. Hope was now, in the ordinary sense of the word, 'settled in life' (he
+married in August of that year, 1847); but the great happiness he found in
+this change of condition was no talisman that could ward off the question
+which still imperiously demanded a solution; and perhaps scarce a month
+passed in these times without some new event arising to bring it more
+forcibly upon minds that had once been fairly within its influence. Mr.
+Hope's style in writing to Mr. Badeley on the Hampden affair, under date
+January 16, 1848, shows in some degree a renewed interest, but with
+symptoms, like the passage last quoted, of passing off into Liberalism.
+
+I am right glad that you have got your Rule, and have good hopes that you
+will make it absolute.... When the argument is resumed pray remember my
+favourite plan of establishing the old Ecclesiastical Law as the Common Law
+of England before the Reformation, and requiring evidence of a direct
+statutory repeal. Reid writes me that there is a fund for the expense of
+the opposition. If so I shall be happy to contribute, for I feel very
+strongly (not about Dr. Hampden, though I do feel as to him, but) about
+this violent piece of Erastianism, such as no Christian community ought to
+endure.
+
+Following this, for about two years, the Church of England was convulsed
+with the Gorham case. This, too, has passed into the history of
+Anglicanism. It will be sufficient to remind the reader that Dr. Philpotts,
+the Bishop of Exeter, had refused to institute the Rev. G. C. Gorham to the
+vicarage of Brampford Speke, because he denied the doctrine of baptismal
+regeneration, Mr. Gorham sued the Bishop in the Court of Arches, but
+judgment was given by Sir H. J. Fust against the plaintiff, who then
+appealed to the Crown, and the result was that the Judicial Committee of
+the Privy Council, on March 8, 1850, reversed Sir H. J. Fust's judgment,
+and held that Mr. Gorham's doctrine was not repugnant to that of the Church
+of England. On March 12 a meeting was held at Mr. Hope's house in Curzon
+Street by several leading men of the Tractarian party--the number, I
+believe, was fourteen--including Mr. Hope himself, Archdeacon Manning,
+Archdeacon Kobert Wilberforce, and Mr. Badeley--to consider the effect of
+this sentence on the Church of England. Certain resolutions were passed and
+signed, and afterwards circulated in a somewhat modified form. The
+document, as finally issued, is to be found in more publications than one,
+and may be referred to in Mr. Kirwan Browne's 'Annals of the Tractarian
+Movement,' 3rd edition, p. 191. Its main significance is contained in
+Resolutions 5 and 6, which are given as follows, in a printed copy now
+before me:--
+
+5. That inasmuch as the Faith is one, and rests upon one principle of
+authority, the conscious, wilful, and deliberate abandonment of the
+essential meaning of an Article of the Creed destroys the Divine Foundation
+upon which alone the entire Faith is propounded by the Church.
+
+6. That any portion of the Church which does so abandon the essential
+meaning of an Article of the Creed, forfeits not only the Catholic doctrine
+in that Article, but also the office and authority to witness and teach as
+a Member of the Universal Church.
+
+It is easy to see that these apparently strong declarations afforded a
+loophole for the escape of moderates; but Mr. Manning and his friends, as
+the result proved, were prepared to act upon them in their original and
+unqualified form; for all the four I have named, with two others,
+eventually became Catholics. The rest of those present at the Curzon Street
+meeting remained Protestants. As for Mr. Hope, the year rolled round, and
+he was still externally where he was; but the following allusion, in a
+letter of his to Mr. Gladstone, dated Abbotsford, September 6, 1850, to
+some recent conversions, must have made it evident that his own was drawing
+very near:--
+
+I have heard a good deal on the ----'s: it is attributed more immediately
+to her--but however brought about, I cannot think hardly of it. Rather, I
+feel as if those were to be congratulated who have already done that which
+_intellectually_, and to a great extent _morally_, I feel
+persuaded should be done.
+
+Yrs. ever affectionately,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+The memorable 'Papal Aggression' excitement, which arose in England in
+November 1850, is believed to have been what finally brought Mr. Hope to
+the conclusion, or rather, to action upon the conclusion, to which he had
+been so long tending. Some time after this, when, in conversation, Mr.
+Lockhart asked him how it was possible he could have attributed such weight
+to so slight a reason, Mr. Hope replied to the effect that Mr. Lockhart
+would easily understand that the last link in a chain of argument on which
+action depends, needs not in appearance be the strongest. He spoke of his
+conversion as of a veil falling from his eyes. [Footnote: A correspondence
+of this period of Mr. Hope's with the present Cardinal Newman (very
+important as far as it goes) has been given in some previous pages (pp. 65-
+68).] The same influence is visible in the letter in which Mr. Manning
+(since the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster) announced to Mr. Hope his
+resignation of the Archdeaconry of Chichester.
+
+_The Rev. H. E. Manning to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+Lavington: Nov. 23, 1850.
+
+My dear Hope,--Your last letter was a help to me, for I began to feel as if
+every man had gone to his own house and left the matter.... Since then
+events have driven me to a decision. This anti-Popery cry has seized my
+brethren, and they asked me to be convened. I must either resign at once,
+or convene them ministerially and express my dissent, the reasons of which
+would involve my resignation. I went to the Bishop and said this, and
+tendered my resignation. He was very kind, and wished me to take time, but
+I have written and made it final.... I should be glad if we might keep
+together; and whatever must be done, do it with a calm and deliberateness
+which shall give testimony that it is not done in lightness.
+
+Ever affectionately yours,
+
+H. E. M.
+
+Mr. Manning was considerably Mr. Hope's senior, [Footnote: Four years
+exactly. He was born July 15, 1808. The same also was Mr. Hope's birthday.]
+but they had been brother-Fellows of Merton College, and were now intimate
+friends, passing through the same stages of conversion, each having great
+confidence in the logical powers and in the earnestness of the other in
+applying them. Either at that time, or very soon afterwards, Mr. Manning
+became the guest of Mr. Hope at his house in Curzon Street; and here he
+used to receive the many converts and half-converts who flocked to consult
+him in their difficulties during that period of transition, when such an
+unexampled rush seemed to be making into the net of the fisherman. Mr.
+Hope's letters to Cardinal Manning were unfortunately destroyed about three
+years ago, but the other side of the correspondence is still represented by
+a small collection of letters of great interest. Mr. Hope, I think, had
+made up his mind at Abbotsford, and on his arrival in London announced it
+to his mother; but it is certain that immediately before taking the final
+step he and Mr. Manning went over the whole ground again together, to
+satisfy themselves that there was no flaw or mistake in the argument and
+conclusion.
+
+_The Rev. Henry E. Manning to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+_Private_. 44 Cadogan Place: December 11, 1850.
+
+My dear Hope,--I feel with you that the argument is complete. For a long
+time I nevertheless felt a fear lest I should be doing an act morally
+wrong.
+
+This fear has passed away, because the Church of England has revealed
+itself in a way to make me fear more on the other side. It remains,
+therefore, as an act of the will. But this I suppose it must be. And in
+making it I am helped by the fact that to remain under our changed or
+revealed circumstances would also be an act of the will, and that not in
+conformity with, but in opposition to intellectual real conviction; and the
+intellect is God's gift, and our instrument in attaining knowledge of His
+will.... It would be to me a very great happiness if we could act together,
+and our names go together in the first publication of the fact.... The
+subject which has brought me to my present convictions is the perpetual
+office of the Church, under Divine guidance, in expounding the truth and
+deciding controversies. And the book which forced this on me was Melchior
+Canus' 'Loci Theologici.' It is a long book, but so orderly that you may
+get the whole outline with ease. Möhler's _Symbolik_ you know.
+
+But, after all, Holy Scripture comes to me in a new light, as Ephes. iv. 4-
+17, which seems to preclude the notion of a divisible unity: which is, in
+fact, Arianism in the matter of the Church.
+
+I entirely feel what you say of the alternative. It is either Rome or
+licence of thought and will....
+
+Believe me always affectionately yours,
+
+H. E. MANNING.
+
+The following extract from a letter of Mr. Hope's to the Rev. Robert
+Campbell [since also a Catholic], dated 'Abbotsford, September 15, 1851,'
+affords additional and important light on the motives of his own
+conversion:--
+
+You seem to think that the present condition of the Church of England has
+been the cause of my conversion. That it has contributed thereto I am far
+from denying, but it has done so by way of evidence only; of evidence, the
+chain of which reaches up to the Reformation, and confirms by outward
+proofs those conclusions which H. Scripture and reason forced upon me as to
+the character of the original act of separation. This distinction I am
+anxious should be observed, for the neglect of it has led some to suppose
+that recent converts have, from disgust or other causes, deserted a true
+Church in her time of need, whereas, for one, I can safely say that I left
+her because I was convinced that she never, from the Reformation downwards,
+had been a true Church. Pray excuse this digression, which I do not mean by
+way of controversy, but merely of explanation.
+
+J. R. H.
+
+On _Passion Sunday_, April 6, 1851, Mr. Hope, and at the same time
+with him Mr. Manning, were received into the Catholic Church at Farm Street
+by the Rev. Father J. Brownbill, S.J.
+
+I must not withhold from the reader a note, written the next day, and one
+or two passages from later letters of Mr. Manning's referring to the same
+subject.
+
+_The Rev. Henry E. Manning to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+14 Queen Street: April 7, 1851.
+
+My dear Hope,--Will you accept this copy of the book you saw in my room
+yesterday [the 'Paradisus Animae'], in memory of Passion Sunday, and its
+gift of grace to us? It is the most perfect book of devotion I know. Let me
+ask one thing. I read it through, one page at least a day, between Jan. 26
+and Aug. 22, 1846, marking where I left off with the dates. It seemed to
+give me a new science, with order and harmony and details as of devotion
+issuing from and returning into dogma. Could you burden yourself with the
+same resolution? If so, do it for my sake, and remember me when you do
+it.... I feel as if I had no desire unfulfilled, but to persevere in what
+God has given me for His Son's sake.
+
+Believe me, my dear Hope,
+
+Always affectionately yours,
+
+H. E. M.
+
+14 _Queen St.: Oct._ 21, 1851.--... I am once more in my old quarters.
+They bring back strange remembrances. What revolutions have passed since we
+started from this room that Saturday morning! And how blessed an end! as
+the soul said to Dante. 'E da martirio venni a questa pace.'... You do not
+need that I should say how sensibly I remember all your sympathy, which was
+the only human help in the time when we two went together through the
+trial, which to be known must be endured.
+
+_Rome: March_ 17, 1852...--How this time reminds me of last year! On
+Passion Sunday I shall be in Retreat. 'Stantes erant pedes nostri,'
+[Footnote: These words were written in a copy of the _Speculum Vitae
+Sacerdotalis_, given by J. R. Hope to H. E. Manning in April 1851. [Note
+by his Eminence Cardinal Manning.]] and we made no mistake in our long
+reckoning, though we feared it up to the last opening of Fr. B.'s door.
+
+H. E. M.
+
+The superficial impression which many of his friends had of Mr. Hope's
+conversion at the time will be illustrated by the following remarks, one of
+them made to me in conversation with a view to this memoir: 'Mr. Hope was a
+man with two lives: one, that of a lawyer; the other, that of a pious
+Christian, who said his prayers, and did not give much thought to
+controversy. He would be rather influenced by patent facts. He was not at
+all moving with the stream, and rather laughed at X. with his "narrow
+views." He was a strong Anglican, an adherent of _learned_
+Anglicanism. His conversion took _Catholics_ by surprise, who were not
+aware how far he went.' The feeling in society as to his change was marked
+by a tone of much greater consideration than was commonly displayed in such
+cases, of which proof is given in an interesting letter which I have quoted
+in a former page. 'As far as I know' (writes Lady Georgiana Fullerton)
+'there was no attempt made, in Mr. Hope's case, to trace that act to any of
+the causes which, in almost every other instance, were supposed to account
+for conversions to Catholicism. The frankness of his nature, his well-known
+good sense, the sound clearness of his judgment, so unmistakably evinced in
+his profession, precluded the possibility of attributing his adoption of
+the Catholic faith to weakness of mind, duplicity, sentiment, eccentricity,
+or excitability.'
+
+I reserve what may be called the domestic side of this crowning event of
+Mr. Hope's religious life to a future chapter. The following is the letter
+alluded to by Mr. Gladstone in his letter to Miss Hope-Scott, given in
+Appendix III., and on which he wrote the words '_Quis desiderio_.'
+[Footnote: Let me balance Mr. Gladstone's _Quis desiderio_ with a note
+written by Père Roothaan, Father-General of the Jesuits, to Count Senfft,
+on hearing of Mr. Hope's conversion:--
+
+'Plurimam salutem nostro C. de Senfft, qui procul dubio maxima cum
+congratulatione accepit notitiam de conversione ad rel. cath. praeclari
+Dni. Hope, Anglicani, quem ipse comes Monachio Romam venientem mihi
+commendaverat. Ipsum tunc et iterum et tertio Romam intra hos tres annos
+venientem videram saepius, et semper vicinior mihi visus fuerat regno Dei.
+Nuper tandem cessit gratiae. Alleluja!'--Given in a letter of Count
+Senfft's to Mr. Hope-Scott, dated Innsbruck: 1 Juin, 1851.]
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C. to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P._
+
+14 Curzon Street: June 18, '51.
+
+My dear Gladstone,--I am very much obliged for the book which you have sent
+me, but still more for the few words and figures which you have placed upon
+the title-page. The day of the month in your own handwriting will be a
+record between us that the words of affection which you have written were
+used by you after the period at which the great change of my life took
+place. To grudge any sacrifice which that change entails would be to
+undervalue its paramount blessedness, but, as far as regrets are compatible
+with extreme thankfulness, I do and must regret any estrangement from you--
+you with whom I have trod so large a portion of the way which has led me to
+peace; you, who are 'ex voto' at least in that Catholic Church which to me
+has become a practical reality, admitting of no doubt; you, who have so
+many better claims to the merciful guidance of Almighty God than myself.
+
+It is most comforting, then, to me to know by your own hand that on the
+17th June, 1851, the personal feelings so long cherished have been, not
+only acknowledged by yourself, but expressed to me--I do not ask more just
+now--it would be painful to you; nay, it would be hardly possible for
+either of us to attempt (except under one condition, for which I daily
+pray) the restoration of entire intimacy at present; but neither do I
+despair under any circumstances that it will yet be restored. Remember me
+most kindly to Mrs. Gladstone, and believe me,
+
+Yours as ever most affectionately,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, &c. &c.
+
+The subjoined reply of Mr. Gladstone to this beautiful letter, which he has
+mournfully called 'the epitaph of our friendship,' is certainly a noble and
+a tender one. The very depth of feeling which he shows at his friend's
+refusal of what he considers 'the high vocation' before him, is, however,
+only a proof of that spiritual chasm which Mr. Hope more unflinchingly
+surveyed. After this date the correspondence soon flags, and at length
+sustains an interruption of years. It was practically resumed towards the
+close of Mr. Hope's life, and affords one more letter of great interest, in
+which Mr. Hope explains his own political views. This I shall give as we
+proceed.
+
+_The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P. to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+6 Carlton Gardens: June 22, 1851.
+
+My dear Hope,--Upon the point most prominently put in your welcome letter I
+will only say you have not misconstrued me. Affection which is fed by
+intercourse, and above all by co-operation for sacred ends, has little need
+of verbal expression, but such expression is deeply ennobling when active
+relations have changed. It is no matter of merit to me to feel strongly on
+the subject of that change. It may be little better than pure selfishness.
+I have too good reason to know what this year has cost me; and so little
+hope have I that the places now vacant can be filled up for me, that the
+marked character of these events in reference to myself rather teaches me
+this lesson--the work to which I had aspired is reserved for other and
+better men. And if that be the Divine will, I so entirely recognise its
+fitness that the grief would so far be small to me were I alone concerned.
+The pain, the wonder, and the mystery is this--that you should have refused
+the higher vocation you had before you. The same words, and all the same
+words, I should use of Manning too. Forgive me for giving utterance to what
+I believe myself to see and know; I will not proceed a step further in that
+direction.
+
+There is one word, and one only in your letter that I do not interpret
+closely. Separated we are, but I hope and think not yet estranged. Were I
+more estranged I should bear the separation better. If estrangement is to
+come I know not, but it will only be, I think, from causes the operation of
+which is still in its infancy--causes not affecting me. Why should I be
+estranged from you? I honour you even in what I think your error; why,
+then, should my feelings to you alter in anything else? It seems to me as
+though, in these fearful times, events were more and more growing too large
+for our puny grasp, and that we should the more look for and trust the
+Divine purpose in them when we find they have wholly passed beyond the
+reach and measure of our own. 'The Lord is in His holy temple: let all the
+earth keep silence before Him.' The very afflictions of the present time
+are a sign of joy to follow. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, is still
+our prayer in common: the same prayer, in the same sense; and a prayer
+which absorbs every other. That is for the future: for the present we have
+to endure, to trust, and to pray that each day may bring its strength with
+its burden, and its lamp for its gloom.
+
+Ever yours with unaltered affection,
+
+W. E. GLADSTONE.
+
+J. R. Hope, Esq.
+
+The following letter, written on the same occasion by another celebrated
+person, will be read with a very painful interest:--
+
+_The Rev. Dr. Döllinger to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+Munich: April 22, 1851.
+
+My dear Sir,--Allow me to express the sincere delight which I have felt and
+am still feeling at the intelligence which has reached me of your having
+entered the pale of the Church. This is indeed 'a consummation devoutly
+wished' ever since I had the good luck of making your acquaintance. How
+often when with you did the words rise to my lips: _Talis cum sis, utinam
+noster esses!_ I knew well enough that in voto you belonged already to
+the one true Church, but I could not but feel some anxiety in reflecting
+that in a matter of such paramount importance those who don't move forward
+must needs after a certain time go backward. Then came the news of your
+marriage, and I don't know what put the foolish idea into my head that you
+would probably get connected with the 'Quarterly Review' and its
+principles, and that thereby a new barrier would interpose itself between
+you and the Church, and that perhaps your feelings for your friends in
+Germany would not remain the same. Happily these _umbrae pallentes_
+have now vanished, and I trust we will make the ties of friendship closer
+and stronger by establishing between us a community and exchange of
+prayers.
+
+I can but too well imagine how severe the trials must be to which you are
+now exposed--especially in the present ferment, when a vein of bitterness
+has been opened in England which will not close so soon, and when the
+hoarse voice of religious acrimony is filling the atmosphere with its
+dismal sounds. With the peculiar gentleness of your disposition you will
+have to encounter the fierce attacks of the [Greek: Ellaenes], as well as
+of the [Greek: Hioudaioi], I mean of those to whom the Church is a [Greek:
+skandalon], as well as of those to whom it is [Greek: moria]. I can only
+pray for you, and trust that He who has given you the first victory of
+faith will also give you _robur et aes triplex circa pectus_, for less
+will scarcely do....
+
+Yours entirely and unalterably,
+
+J. DOELLINGER.
+
+Mr. James R. Hope, Queen's Counsel.
+
+I have not met with any later correspondence of Dr. Döllinger's with Mr.
+Hope-Scott than this, excepting a mere note. He visited Abbotsford in 1852.
+There is a letter of Count Leo Thun's to Mr. Hope (dated Wien, den 7. Juli
+1851), in which, after expressing the joy he had felt at the news of his
+having become a Catholic, he remarks, 'I know how slowly, and on what sure
+foundations the decision came to maturity in your soul.' Two letters of Mr.
+Hope's to Mr. Badeley, though not coincident in point of time with the
+event before us, contain passages so closely connected with it as to find
+their place here. Though Mr. Badeley's Anglicanism was scarce hanging by a
+thread, he held out for a time, but became a Catholic previously to July
+15, 1852.
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C. to E. Badeley, Esq._
+
+Abbotsford: Oct. 25, '51.
+
+Dear B.,-- ... As for you, I hold your intellect to be Catholic. You
+cannot help it, but your habits of feeling will give you, as they gave me,
+more trouble than your reason. How can it be otherwise, considering how
+many years of training in one posture we both of us underwent? But I pray
+and hope for you, and that speedily, that freedom of life and limb which
+has been vouchsafed to me. Freedom indeed it is, for it is to breathe in
+all its fulness the grace and mercy of God's kingdom, instead of tasting it
+through the narrow lattices of texts and controversies. To believe Christ
+present in the Eucharist, and not adore Him--not pray Him to tarry with us
+and bless us. To hold the communion of saints, and yet refuse to call upon
+all saints--living and departed, to intercede for us with the great Head of
+the body in which we all are members. To accept a primacy in St. Peter, and
+yet hold it immaterial to the organisation of the Church. To acknowledge
+one Church, and then divide the unity into fragments. To attribute to the
+Church the power of the keys, and then deny the force of her indulgences
+while admitting her absolutions. To approve confession, and practically set
+it aside. To do and hold these and many other contradictions--what is it
+but to submit the mind to the fetters of a tradition which, if once made to
+reason, must destroy itself?... Yrs ever affly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+
+Abbotsford: July 16, 1852.
+
+Dear Badeley,--I received your most kind letter yesterday. I well knew that
+I should hear from you, for you are an accurate observer of my birthdays--
+not one for many years having escaped you. This one does indeed deserve
+notice in one sense, as being the first on which you and I could salute
+each other as Catholics. May God grant that this His great gift may be
+fruitful to us both! Forty years of my life are already gone--of yours,
+more. Let us try to make the best of what may still remain. We have now all
+the helps which Christ's death provided for us, and all the
+responsibilities which come with them. 'Deus, in adjutorium meum intende.
+Domine, ad adjuvandum me festina!... Yrs most affly, JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+E. Badeley, Esq.
+
+
+To the above correspondence, the following scrap from a letter of Mr. David
+Lewis, congratulating Mr. Hope on his conversion, may form an appropriate
+_pendant_, as showing Mr. Hope's influence in the Catholic direction
+previously to that event: 'I may add that I owe in part my own conversion
+to conversation with you, which turned me to a course of reading the end of
+which I did not expect. It is therefore no small joy to me to see you in
+the same harbour of refuge' (May 15, 1851). Some years later (in spring,
+1855) it was a subject of intense joy to Mr. Hope-Scott when the news came
+from Rome that William Palmer had been received into the Church by Father
+Passaglia.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1839-1869.
+
+Review of Mr. Hope's Professional Career--His View of Secular Pursuits--
+Advice from Archdeacon Manning against Overwork--Early Professional
+Services to Government--J. K. Hope adopts the Parliamentary Bar--His
+Elements of Success--Is made Q.C.--Difficulty about Supremacy Oath--Mr.
+Venables on Mr. Hope-Scott as a Pleader--Recollections of Mr. Cameron--Mr.
+Hope-Scott on his own Profession--Mr. Hope-Scott's Professional Day--
+Regular History of Practice not Feasible--Specimens of Cases: 1. The
+Caledonian Railway interposing a Tunnel. 2. Award by Mr. Hope-Scott and R.
+Stephenson. 3. Mersey Conservancy and Docks Bill, 'Parliamentary Hunting-
+day,' Liverpool and Manchester compared. 4. London, Brighton, and South
+Coast and the Beckenham Line. 5. Scottish Railways--An Amalgamation Case--
+Mr. Hope-Scott and Mr. Denison; Honourable Conduct of Mr. Hope-Scott as a
+Pleader. 6. Dublin Trunk Connecting Railway. 7. Professional Services of
+Mr. Hope-Scott to Eton--Claims of Clients on Time--Value of Ten Minutes--
+Conscientiousness--Professional Income--Extra Occupations--Affection of Mr.
+Hope-Scott for Father Newman--Spirit in which he laboured.
+
+
+On taking the step of which I have just related the history, Mr. Hope had
+not to encounter the usual array of external ills that assail the convert's
+life. Although he was now a Catholic, his eloquence had lost none of its
+magic, and railway directors were not very likely to indulge their bigotry
+at the expense of their dividends. He lost not, I suppose, a single
+retainer, and his practice at the bar went on as before. His conversion,
+however, affords us a convenient point at which to turn aside and review
+his professional career, contrasting so singularly with what the ordinary
+observer would have anticipated for him under such a condition. We are so
+much accustomed to associate religious doubts or convictions with an
+unworldliness which is rarely visible where great worldly success is
+attained, that on leaving the cloisters of Oxford, and entering with him
+the committee-rooms of the Houses of Parliament, we seem to behold the
+curtain raised all at once, and the same actor appearing in a totally new
+character, with hardly a feature left that can identify him with the
+previous representation.
+
+He was, indeed, himself not insensible to this contrast, and had early
+marked off from purely secular pursuits that choice and precious portion of
+his time which could be reserved for higher objects. An interesting passage
+in a letter of his to Mr. Gladstone (dated from Lincoln's Inn, June 25,
+1841) will illustrate this feeling by a phrase which I italicise, as I
+believe he was fond of using it: 'My reason for staying in town is to read
+ecclesiastical law, and to prepare (if so be) for election committees.
+_The former branch I reckon my flower-garden, the latter my cabbage-
+field.'_ [Footnote: See letter of Mr. Gladstone to Miss Hope-Scott,
+Appendix III.] When Anglicanism and its institutions had broken down under
+him, and others not as yet come in their place, he sought in the purely
+temporal works of his calling perhaps a refuge from doubts, certainly a
+means of sanctification; and either alternative explains the issue. A
+religious mind could never succeed in silencing religious difficulty by
+earthly pursuits, but in whatever measure it sought to sanctify the latter,
+would be led onwards to the faith. The following passage from a letter of
+the then Archdeacon Manning (now Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster) to Mr.
+Hope (dated Dec. 9, 1842) will show that this ardent and restless
+application to his profession was watched at the time by Mr. Hope's friends
+with some degree of anxiety and surprise. The kind and wise admonitions it
+conveys, only distantly indeed bearing on the religious side of the
+question, many may read with much profit:--
+
+As a bystander I see you working too much, and looking at times
+overwrought; and I ask myself, what is this man's aim? It must needs be
+something very high and far off to need all this unremitting tension of
+mind. I do much wish to see you more relaxed, and with more play. I know it
+is a more difficult attainment to be able both to work intensely and to
+relax thoroughly. But without it a man deteriorates. He becomes a keen,
+case-hardened tool, and no man. Our friends the Germans are not far wrong
+when they talk about developing what is universal in man, i.e. his
+humanity, which is a whole, and must be unfolded as a whole to be perfect,
+or even to approximate perfection. You will burn this if I go on, so I will
+leave you to Lancilotti.
+
+Believe me ever yours affectly,
+
+H. E. MANNING.
+
+The field finally adopted by Mr. Hope was the _Parliamentary Bar_, at
+which, as we have seen, he had practised to a certain extent from the
+first, though with considerable interruption from the legal and financial
+affairs of his college and the Sarum Chancery, as well as other weighty
+business, including in 1839 services rendered as Counsel to the Government
+in the preparation of the Foreign Marriages Bill; in 1843 of the Consular
+Jurisdiction Bill, the report which he furnished on which, to be seen in
+the Parliamentary Records, would alone have been sufficient to have made a
+great reputation in that particular line; and in 1843-44 he was engaged by
+Government in the matter of the Franco-Mexican arbitration to prepare a
+report on some points in dispute between France and Mexico, which had been
+submitted to the arbitration of Great Britain. I presume that his retainers
+in these cases would be principally due to the fact that his brother, Mr.
+George W. Hope, was now a member of the Government as Under Secretary of
+State for the Colonies in Sir Robert Peel's administration. But the 'fame'
+that had already gone abroad regarding him, particularly for his learning
+in all matters that touched ecclesiastical law, would have been sure,
+independently of private interest, to have brought him early into
+prominence. The Ecclesiastical Courts Bill in 1843 engaged much of his
+attention, and his share in the legal business connected with troubles of
+that year at Oxford has been noticed in its place. On October 26, 1843, he
+took his degree of D.C.L. at Oxford. In 1844, at the suggestion of the
+Bishop of London (Right Rev. Dr. Blomfield), he was accepted by the Lord
+Chancellor as one of the persons to consider the chapter on offences
+against religion and the Church in the proposed Code of Criminal Law.
+
+In a short, time, however, his practice seems to have merged in the
+department with which his name is principally connected, that of railway
+pleading. This branch of the profession, though affording little or no
+scope for those powers of oratory which his first speech before the Lords
+showed that he possessed, nor yet opening those avenues to power and fame
+which usually tempt minds of his class, were undoubtedly highly lucrative,
+and by this time Mr. Hope's charities must have nearly exhausted his modest
+patrimony. It had also one great advantage, in its business being
+principally confined to the Parliamentary session, thus leaving him free to
+travel six months in the year. I have seen it stated that in conversation
+with a friend he gave this as his chief reason for adopting it. He may have
+said so half in jest; but there can, I believe, be little doubt that a far
+deeper reason was that the Parliamentary bar was likely to present fewer
+cases of difficulty in point of conscience than he would have had to
+encounter in the Common Law courts.
+
+It is needless to mention, except for the sake of the few persons who may
+not happen to have even that superficial acquaintance with the subject
+which newspaper reading can supply, that advocates practising at the
+Parliamentary bar are engaged in pleading for or against the private bills
+referred to committees of Parliament, relating, for example, to railways,
+canals, docks, gas-works, and the like. These are each referred to a
+committee of five, supposed to represent the whole House; witnesses of
+course are examined, and counsel heard on behalf of the companies or
+individuals concerned. To plead before a tribunal of such a nature and on
+such interests evidently demands qualifications of a special kind. Mr. Hope
+possessed some external ones which are by no means unimportant. His noble
+presence, in the first place, gave him a great advantage; and a known name
+and known antecedents like his were also additional recommendations of
+great value. Then came his tact, clearness of intellect, memory for names
+and details, his moral qualities, especially his perfect sense of honour,
+which gained him the ear of the committees, and, what is still more
+difficult, enabled him to keep it.
+
+Mr. Hope then very early attained to the front rank in his profession, and
+on the retirement of Mr. Charles Austin, Q.C. (1848), and the deaths of
+Sergeant Wrangham (_d_. March 1869) and Mr. John C. Talbot, Q.C.
+(_d_. 1852), may be said to have had no rival in reputation or
+practice until the present Sir E. B. Denison 'gradually began to compete
+with him on not unequal terms.' Mr. St. George Burke, Q.C., Mr. Merewether,
+Q.C., and Mr. Rodwell, Q.C., were other contemporaries of his, who all had
+a large practice and great reputation, but were, I believe, as seldom as
+possible pitted against Mr. Hope-Scott.
+
+Early in 1849 Mr. Hope received a patent of precedence, entitling him to
+rank with her Majesty's counsel; and in April of that year attended the
+levee as Q.C. It was at his own request that the dignity of the silk gown
+was conferred upon him in this form; and his reason was a conscientious
+difficulty about taking the oath of supremacy so far as it denied the papal
+authority, ecclesiastical or civil, as existing _de facto et de jure_
+in the realm. He states his difficulty in a letter to Mr. Badeley (February
+23, 1849), as follows:--
+
+That the Pope _does_ exercise jurisdiction in this country is
+notorious; and that he ought to do so over R. Catholics seems to be
+admitted by the present state of the law as to that church. The oath, then,
+cannot be taken as it was originally meant, and the only sense in which I
+think it can be accepted is, that the Pope has not, nor without consent of
+the Legislature ought to have, an external coercive power over the Queen's
+subjects.
+
+But this compromise did not satisfy him, and he therefore refused the silk
+gown, except under the conditions previously stated, which did not require
+him to take the oath of supremacy at all. His request for the patent of
+precedence, and his reasons for wishing it, were conveyed through a legal
+friend to the then Lord Chancellor, Lord Cottenham, who made no difficulty
+whatever in granting it. The following anecdote will amuse the reader. When
+the Chancellor had to report to the Premier (Lord John Russell) the various
+appointments he had made, Lord John asked Lord Cottenham why he had given
+Mr. Hope-Scott a patent of precedence instead of making him a Q.C. On the
+Chancellor's replying that he had done it because of Mr. Hope-Scott's
+scruples about the oath, Lord John exclaimed, 'That's more than I would
+have done.'
+
+Such illustrations of Mr. Hope-Scott's professional success as I have been
+able to collect, either from oral sources or correspondence, may fitly be
+introduced by a valuable paper on his characteristics as an advocate by Mr.
+G. S. Venables, Q.C. It is obviously drawn up with great care and
+reflection by a skilled observer, who had the best opportunities for
+arriving at a correct judgment. I omit the two opening paragraphs, the
+principal facts contained in which have been given in a former page.
+CRITICISM ON MR. HOPE-SCOTT'S CHARACTERISTICS AS A PLEADER. BY G. S.
+VENABLES, ESQ., Q.C.
+
+The Bar is exempt from envy of merited success, and Mr. Hope-Scott's
+undisputed pre-eminence never provoked a feeling of personal jealousy.
+Though he cultivated little intimacy with his professional associates, his
+courtesy and good humour never failed; and he showed due appreciation of
+the services a leader requires from his junior colleagues.
+
+His singularly attractive appearance produced its natural effect in
+conciliating those around him, and the pleasant and cheerful manner which
+nevertheless repelled familiarity tended to make him generally popular.
+
+The most remarkable forensic qualities of Mr. Hope-Scott were facility,
+prudence, and grace of language and manner. The subtlety of his intellect,
+if it had been ostentatiously displayed, might perhaps have impaired the
+confidence which he had the art of inspiring. Inexperienced members of the
+tribunals before which he practised were tempted to forget that he was an
+advocate, while they listened to the perspicuous statements which led up
+with apparent absence of design to a carefully premeditated conclusion. It
+could never be suspected from his manner that he was constantly supporting
+a paradox, or that he anticipated defeat.
+
+When he had occasion in successive contests to maintain opposite
+propositions, it seemed that the circumstances of the case, not the
+position of the advocate, had been changed.
+
+In Parliamentary practice there is no room for the more ambitious kinds of
+eloquence, nor can it be known whether Mr. Hope-Scott would have been
+capable of elevated declamation. [Footnote: Of the latter, however, two or
+three specimens are given in this memoir. See vol. i. (pp. 199, 200), vol.
+ii. (pp. 115-118).] In dealing with questions of fact, of expediency, of
+equitable policy, and of complicated agreement, he has probably never been
+excelled. His lucid arrangement of topics, his pure polished style, and his
+appearance of dispassionate conviction secured the pleased attention of his
+audience. The more tedious parts of his argument or narrative were from
+time to time relieved by touches of the playfulness which is more popular
+than humour; but the colleagues and opponents who thoroughly understood his
+object, knew that it was pursued with undeviating constancy of purpose.
+
+In the lightest of his speeches there was neither carelessness nor
+vacillation. Less finished advocates turn aside to indulge themselves in
+playing with an illustration or a favourite proposition, at the risk of
+betraying the distinction between their own natural train of thought and
+their immediate argument. Mr. Hope-Scott was too consummate an artist to be
+tempted into irrelevance or digression.
+
+His success would not have been less complete if his practice had required
+him to trace the fine analogies and close deductions of law. His intellect
+was admirably adapted to the comparison of precedents and to the
+application of legal principles. His acuteness was at the same time
+comprehensive and minute, and he delighted in finding appropriate
+expression for the nicest distinctions. When he had sometimes occasion to
+spend hours in contesting the clauses of a bill, he had a surprising
+faculty of averting the weariness which is ordinarily inseparable from the
+prolonged discussion of details. Professional associates, who willingly
+recognised his general superiority, sometimes confessed that in the most
+irksome of their contests they were placed at an exceptional disadvantage
+in comparison of Mr. Hope-Scott's felicitous adroitness. He excelled in
+dealing with skilled witnesses, who were themselves from the nature of the
+case supplementary advocates. The object of cross-examination, where there
+is little serious dispute as to the facts, is to draw from the mouth of a
+hostile witness the other half of the story. An accurate memory, stored by
+abundant experience, enabled Mr. Hope-Scott to recall the history of every
+railway company, the expressed opinions of general managers, and the
+characteristics and theories of engineers. The wariest veterans needed all
+their caution to anticipate the design of the friendly conversation which
+gradually tempted them to damaging admissions. He was slow to resort to
+harder modes of attack, of which he was at the same time fully capable.
+Every facility was offered to a candid and confiding witness, and there was
+still greater satisfaction in baffling the vigilance of an adversary who
+was on his guard against an attack from a different quarter. A hostile
+witness, after an encounter with Mr. Hope-Scott, sometimes found that his
+answers formed a plausible argument in favour of the proposition he had
+intended to confute. His perplexity must have been increased when he
+afterwards heard his own statements reproduced in the speech of the
+opposing counsel. Almost the only point in which Mr. Hope-Scott could be
+charged with a want of caution consisted in his frequent affirmation of
+certain general opinions, such as the common and questionable doctrine that
+competition cannot last where combination is possible. An advocate who is
+changing his clients is ill-advised in hampering himself with the
+enumeration of maxims which may from time to time be quoted against him. In
+such cases Mr. Hope-Scott almost converted a self-imposed difficulty into
+an additional resource. With marvellous ingenuity he proved that any
+competition scheme which he happened to support formed an exception to the
+rule which he carefully reasserted; and unsophisticated hearers admired the
+consistency with general principles which was found not to be incompatible
+with immediate expediency.
+
+It is almost superfluous to say that Mr. Hope-Scott never exceeded the
+legitimate bounds of forensic debate. All litigated questions, and
+especially this species of private legislation, have two sides, and it is
+the business of an advocate to present in the most favourable light the
+cause which he is retained to defend. Deliberate sophistry is as culpable
+as false relations of fact; but completeness or judicial impartiality
+belongs to the tribunal, and not to the representative of the litigant.
+When all moral scruples have been allowed their full weight, the
+qualifications of a great advocate are almost exclusively intellectual. It
+is to this part of Mr. Hope-Scott's character that I have strictly
+endeavoured to confine myself. It is probable that an attempt to analyse a
+distinct personal impression may have produced but a vague result. I have
+little doubt that, although Mr. Hope-Scott was almost unequalled in
+professional ability, his real life lay outside his occupation as an
+advocate. The grounds of the affection and admiration with which he is
+remembered by his family and his nearest friends have but a remote
+connection with the faculties and accomplishments which I have endeavoured
+to describe.
+
+Another friend (Mr. H. L. Cameron), who had continual opportunities, from
+about the year 1859, of observing Mr. Hope-Scott's character in its
+professional aspect, furnishes some very interesting reminiscences, on a
+part of which, however, it may be worth while to observe that the
+versatility and pliability of intellect which the writer so well describes
+in Mr. Hope-Scott is no doubt more or less common to every great barrister,
+and is a habit to which all who are actively engaged in the profession are
+obliged to train their minds as they can. Still, it is equally certain that
+Mr. Hope-Scott possessed this faculty in an uncommon degree; and, in order
+to form a complete idea of him as he appeared in the eyes of his
+contemporaries, as well as to understand the relations of one part of his
+character to another, it is necessary to draw these features in
+considerable detail. After noticing particularly a very pleasing trait in
+Mr. Hope-Scott's demeanour as a leading counsel, shown in the kindness and
+tact with which, in consultation, he took care to prevent the inexperience
+or ignorance of his juniors being made apparent, and sought rather to ask
+them questions on points which they were likely to know something about,
+Mr. Cameron continues as follows:--
+
+RECOLLECTIONS OF MR. H.L. CAMERON.
+
+What made Mr. Hope-Scott so much loved by all who were brought into contact
+with him was his great amiability, thorough kindness of heart: his care was
+always not to hurt or wound another's feelings; and even in the heat of
+debate, and under great provocation, I never heard him utter an unkind
+word, or put a harsh construction on the conduct of any one, even an
+adversary.
+
+As regards his talents, they are so universally known and admitted, that I
+can say very little you have not heard already. Westminster has rarely--
+never certainly in later years--heard such an advocate. The secret of his
+great success at the bar, beyond his intellectual power, lay, I think, in a
+peculiar charm and fascination of manner--a manner which could invest the
+driest and most technical matters with interest, and compelled the
+attention of the hearers to the subject under discussion. The melody of his
+voice was, to me, one of his greatest attractions. Then, again, what a
+noble presence! and that goes a long way at the Bar. I can look back, and
+see now, as he used to walk into his room to attend some consultation, how
+vigorous, handsome, and stately he always appeared, bringing the force of
+his powerful intellect at once to bear upon the subject under
+consideration, doing all in such a genial manner, without any attempt at
+showing his mental superiority to those around him.
+
+In those busy times he would perhaps be engaged in twenty different cases
+on the same day; the competition to engage him was most keen: it was almost
+the first thing one thought about when clients came to consult upon a new
+scheme. He would go from one committee to another, by some extraordinary
+means always being at the place where he was most needed. It was marvellous
+how he kept all these matters distinct in his brain; he was never in
+confusion or at fault. In one room he would open a case, say an Improvement
+Bill, with a brilliant speech setting forth all its merits, a speech which
+would probably immediately impress the committee and carry the case,
+whatever after arguments might be urged against it, or speeches made by
+other counsel. Then he would go into another room, and cross-examine a
+skilled witness in a railway case, showing his intimate knowledge of
+engineering, and beating the witness perhaps on his own ground. Then he
+would take an Irish case, or a Gas and Water Bill, or landowner's case,
+whose property was about to be intersected, a ratepayer's, a carrier's,
+each case being thoroughly gone into, and thoroughly mastered and
+understood. After all this, and late in the day, when any one else would
+have felt fatigued and exhausted, in mind at any rate, if not in body, he
+would go into a room where an inquiry had been going on perhaps for weeks,
+and reply on the whole evidence. Those who know what labour this entails
+can alone appreciate such a capability.
+
+No one at the bar whom I have ever heard reasoned with such perfect
+lucidity. He would explain a case which his client the solicitor would have
+wrapped up in fifty or sixty brief sheets, and involved in as much
+obscurity as it were well possible, to a committee in a few minutes; and I
+have often thought his clients never understood their own cases until he
+had explained them. It was wonderful how he could make a committee
+(sometimes composed of by no means the highest specimens of mankind)
+understand a case; and his persuasive power with those tribunals was also
+marvellous.
+
+One word more on his character in his business life, and that is as to his
+entire conscientiousness. No case did he ever consider insignificant or
+beneath his notice. He gave the same attention to the humblest client that
+he would to a duke. He never left anything he had to do _half_ done:
+his work was thorough, complete, good. Time, which he considered his
+client's, was never wasted; and to enable him to get through his work he
+would rise at four or five o'clock in the morning, and he would be engaged
+either getting up a case, attending consultations, or in committee until
+five or six o'clock in the evening. His life was an exact fulfilment of
+that precept, 'Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might.'
+[Footnote: Mr. H.L. Cameron. Letter to Miss Hope, October 28,1877.] To what
+has now been expressed by critics so competent, I shall add the only
+passage which I have been able to discover, in which Mr. Hope-Scott has
+left on record any opinion relating to himself in connection with his
+professional experience in an intellectual point of view. In pleading
+before the Select Committee of the Lords, on behalf of Eton College, on the
+Public School Bill of 1865, after stating his objection to the notion of
+such subjects as natural philosophy playing so very large a part in early
+education as some persons would have them do, he goes on to say:--
+
+I, if I may venture here to speak of myself, have observed enough in a life
+which has been tolerably devoted to business to know this, that the
+possession of knowledge upon any one subject is worthless compared to the
+possession of a power of using it when you have got it. My Lords, in my
+profession, though not in my part of it, there are many men who will take
+up a patent case, or a mining case, without the slightest previous
+knowledge of the natural sciences relating to it, and who will make
+statements to a jury which the scientific men at hand will stand aghast at;
+what does that mean? It means that they have been so trained in the
+acquisition of knowledge when presented to them, that it becomes to them a
+mere matter of get-up, in many instances, to acquire an amount of knowledge
+which would absolutely electrify many a learned society. [Footnote: _Min.
+Evid. Sel. Com. Public Sch. B._ p. 209.]
+
+Notwithstanding the qualification under which Mr. Hope-Scott here speaks,
+it will be seen from a case I shall presently cite (the 'Caledonian
+Railway,' p. 110) that he describes a faculty he was of course aware that
+he himself possessed. He said, I believe, in conversation, that there was
+hardly any subject which he had not had occasion to look up in his
+profession, and this was one of the reasons which made him so fond of it.
+
+It will perhaps give pleasure to those whose affection for Mr. Hope-Scott's
+memory has suggested this record, if I note down some particulars of his
+daily round of occupations during the most active period of his life,
+principally supplied me (with other interesting details) by the kindness of
+Mr. John Q. Dunn, who, from the year 1859 until the end, was Mr. Hope-
+Scott's confidential clerk, continually about him in the most unreserved
+trust, made out his daily _agenda_, and was intimately acquainted with
+all his habits and ways.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott rose early, between five and six o'clock, made his coffee,
+and then went through his devotions, a black ebony crucifix, with the
+figure of our Lord in brass, on the table before him. Wherever he went he
+had this carried with him. [Footnote: This particular crucifix, however,
+was only used by Mr. Hope-Scott after his first wife's death. It was the
+one which she held in her hands when dying.] His next employment was his
+brief, which he read with great rapidity, [Footnote: 'Bellasis says you
+never read even a brief, but divine its contents in half the time
+required.'--Bishop Grant to Mr. Hope-Scott, November 19, 1852.] making
+notes as he went on. This lasted till about eight, when he dressed and
+breakfasted. He then drove from his private residence, or from Norfolk
+House, to attend consultations in Chambers at 9.30. Each consultation
+lasted five or ten minutes, sometimes fifteen, never more, until eleven
+o'clock, not a minute being wasted. Public business then commenced, in the
+Lords at eleven, in the Commons at twelve. His papers having been taken
+over to the various committee-rooms, he would go from room to room, making
+a speech here, or cross-examining witnesses there, as the occasion might
+require, throughout the day. He was always cool and business-like, never in
+the slightest degree flurried. This, which was only due to his immense
+self-control, made people _imagine_ that the work was excessively easy
+to him. Business before the committees lasted till four, when the bags were
+collected (which were a porter's load); and in Chambers another series of
+cases ensued, from four to five or six. In the intervals of business he
+would dictate, with surprising exactness and calmness, letters on his
+private affairs, such as the management of his Highland estate--minute
+directions for painting outhouses it might be, or the like small matters.
+At six he went home in a cab, tired and exhausted; dinner followed, after
+which he invariably went to sleep for two hours, waking up about ten, when
+he read his prayers. He commonly slept sound, and got up next morning
+bright and fresh. Clients sometimes came as early as six or seven, and had
+undivided attention for three-quarters of an hour: these audiences
+amounted, in fact, to fresh verbal briefs, but were never charged for, as
+the arrangement was made for his own convenience.
+
+On first undertaking to write this memoir, the idea naturally suggested
+itself whether it might not be possible to give something like a connected
+history of Mr. Hope-Scott's practice at the bar, especially considering the
+great social interest of the whole subject of railway construction in these
+countries, of which it really forms part. But I was assured by those
+thoroughly conversant with the matter, that such a task was not to be
+thought of. Legal arguments, occupying many hours for days together,
+however extraordinary they no doubt were as efforts of talent, and however
+important to those concerned at the time, who, perhaps, might be seen
+expecting, with white faces, the long-pending decision of committees for or
+against them, cannot, after the lapse of a generation, nay, after a far
+shorter interval than that, be even understood without an amount of labour
+which few would be inclined to devote to them. It may, indeed, be said that
+railway law is the creation of such great advocates as Mr. Hope-Scott, who
+reigned supreme in their own province at the time of its formation; and no
+doubt suggestions of counsel may have been adopted into law. But how to
+assign to each his share in the mighty structure? or guess to whom any
+particular change may have been due? It would at all events be the office,
+not of the biographer, but of the historian of jurisprudence. I shall
+nevertheless so far venture to deviate from the advice to which I have
+referred as to notice five or six cases, not as being in every instance of
+special and remembered celebrity, but merely as specimens of the kind of
+practice in which Mr. Hope was engaged. Two of these will also give me the
+opportunity of quoting some clever articles from the contemporary newspaper
+press, serving to show what the opinion about Mr. Hope-Scott was at the
+time, as the criticisms of his professional friends already given convey to
+us a distinct idea of the impression which he produced on his brethren of
+the Bar. I take first a case in which the Caledonian Railway Company were
+concerned, as it is very clearly and concisely explained by Mr. Hercules
+Robertson (better known as Lord Benholme, his title as Lord of Session),
+one of the counsel associated in it with Mr. Hope-Scott, in a letter which
+has been kindly communicated to me:--
+
+1. _The Caledonian Railway_.--'We were associated together as counsel
+for the Caledonian Railway Company in supporting several important bills
+upon Parliamentary committees, involving difficulties of no ordinary
+magnitude. One very important object that Company had to attain was leave
+to alter their entrance into Glasgow by lowering their access by many feet
+of perpendicular elevation. Their bill proposed to effect this by a tunnel
+which had to be interposed between the canal above, on the surface, and the
+Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway beneath. Our tunnel had to pass between these
+hostile undertakings just at the point where the former of these lay above
+the other with a very scanty space between. The difficulty was to induce
+the committee to believe that the thing was possible--that it was in the
+power of engineering to thread a way for the Caledonian Railway so as not
+to bring down the water of the canal on the one hand, or to break into the
+other railway by destroying its roof on the other. Mr. Hope-Scott had a
+power of persuasion that owed its efficacy not more to his commanding
+talents than to his straightforward ways and his honest and candid manner,
+which seemed to afford a satisfactory pledge that he would not seriously
+and anxiously advocate anything that was not true and possible. By his
+powerful assistance the Caledonian Company carried their bill, and in the
+course of the proceedings I had a full opportunity of estimating the
+elements of success in Mr. Hope-Scott's career which made him one of the
+most popular of Parliamentary counsel. I need hardly say that his kindness
+and courtesy to myself were all that I could expect or wish from one with
+whom I was otherwise so closely connected.--H. J. RORBETSON.'
+
+2. _Award by Mr. Hope-Scott and Mr. R. Stephenson_.--In 1852 Mr. Hope-
+Scott was associated with Mr. Robert Stephenson, the celebrated engineer,
+in making an important award upon certain questions in difference between
+the London and North-Western and North Staffordshire Railway Companies.
+This document, dated October 6, 1852, appears in the newspapers of the day;
+but either to quote from or analyse it would not be of the slightest
+interest to my readers. A letter of Mr. R. Stephenson's to Mr. Hope-Scott
+on some private business of later date is of more value for our purposes as
+showing the opinion which this great engineer had formed of Mr. Hope-Scott
+in his own field, and also that these two remarkable men were by that time
+on the terms of intimacy that might be expected where minds of such
+calibre, and so capable of understanding each other, met in the conduct of
+affairs.
+
+_Robert Stephenson, Esq., C.E. to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C._
+
+24 Great George Street: 2 Feb. 1855.
+
+My dear Hope-Scott,--I have a sketch, in hand for your bridge. Your
+specification is excellent. I know what you want exactly. If I had not
+finished my engineering career, I should certainly have been jealous of
+your powers of specification. I do not know that it is sufficient to base a
+contract upon that would hold water in law; nevertheless, it is sufficient
+for me. I cannot offhand state the cost; but when the sketch and estimate
+are made, you shall see them; and if the cost exceeds your views, there
+will be no harm done; on the contrary, I shall have had the pleasure of
+scheming a little for you by way of pastime.
+
+Yours faithfully,
+
+EGBERT STEPHENSON.
+
+James Hope-Scott, Esq.
+
+3. The Mersey Conservancy and Docks Bill.--The speeches delivered by Mr.
+Hope-Scott in this case (June 23 and 24,1857) on behalf of the Corporation
+of Liverpool against the Mersey Docks and Conservancy Bill, were considered
+as among his greatest forensic efforts. His engagement in it was originally
+due to an accident, the brief having been given in the first instance to
+Mr. Plunkett, in whose chambers, as already mentioned. Mr. Hope had been a
+pupil. Mr. Plunkett having been prevented by illness from taking the brief,
+it was placed in the hands of Mr. Hope-Scott, who made a brilliant use of
+the opportunity. To place the reader in possession of the main question, it
+may be sufficient to state that the object of the Bill was to consolidate
+the Liverpool and Birkenhead Docks into one estate, so as to vest the whole
+superintendence of the Mersey in one body, principally elected by the Docks
+Ratepayers for the time being. This was felt by the Corporation of
+Liverpool as an unjust interference with their local rights, and the case
+is argued by Mr. Hope-Scott (when he comes upon general grounds) as one in
+which the commercial was being sacrificed to the jealousy of the
+manufacturing interest, and the principle of local government to that of
+centralisation. The reasonings as to matters of fact and business which
+make up the great bulk of these speeches are quite outside of our range,
+which can only deal with that which is more popular and rhetorical. Two
+specimens in the latter style I venture to quote--one of them appearing an
+excellent example of the genial humour he knew so well how to throw around
+the driest of arguments; the other a highly coloured view of the history
+and position of Liverpool in the commercial world, and of the danger of
+disturbing it in obedience to the clamour of its manufacturing rivals. The
+treatment of the subject rather reminds us of Burke's manner, and it is
+easy to see that Mr. Hope-Scott's own political feelings, always
+constitutionally conservative, would here assist his eloquence, as, in a
+far higher degree, the same sympathies had added splendour to his early
+display before the House of Lords. In the case before us it is hardly
+necessary to say that millions of money were concerned. An exciting scene
+is remembered in connection with it, the secretary of the Birkenhead Docks
+fainting away during the proceedings. Mr. Hope-Scott is _said_ to have
+received a fee of 10,000_l_.; but a friend, likely to be well
+informed, thinks this is a fable.
+
+THE PARLIAMENTARY HUNTING-DAY: A CHANGE OF MOUNT.
+
+[After describing the provisions of an earlier centralising scheme proposed
+by Government in 1856, Mr. Hope-Scott proceeds:]
+
+Well, sir, all this set the game fairly afoot; and such a day's sport could
+hardly have been anticipated since the days when--
+
+  Earl Percy of Northumberland
+  A vow to God did make,
+  His pleasure in the
+  Scottish woods Three summers' days to take.
+
+The Queen herself had not indeed made a vow, but had announced the hunting
+from the throne. The Royal Commissioners had driven the whole country for
+game, and there was a large field, nearly all the counties of England being
+interested spectators; the hounds in good condition--very skilful whips--
+everything seemed to promise a fine day's sport: and what would have been
+the issue is not very easy to foresee, had it not been for what I may be
+allowed to term (pursuing the metaphor) the very unfortunate riding of the
+gentleman who, upon that occasion, acted as huntsman. It appears from his
+own statement at the outset that he had very little previous acquaintance
+with the country; but he went off with very considerable confidence upon
+'the shipping interest,' and there seemed to be every prospect of his
+having a pleasant ride; but as he got along, he seems to have found the
+ground deeper and the fences stiffer than he had reckoned upon, and,
+moreover, that 'the shipping interest' had been a good deal exhausted in
+the service of the department before.
+
+So about the middle of the day (it is more easy to give a description of
+personal events in the form of analogy than from direct representation)--
+about the middle of the day he seems to have changed his mount; and when he
+was next seen he was going at a tremendous rate across country, firmly
+seated upon the 'natural rights of man.' As you may suppose, he very soon
+made up for lost ground upon so splendid a creature. But the difficulties
+began when he came up with the hunt; for the horse in question is a
+desperate puller, very awkward to manage in old enclosures, and not at all
+accustomed to hunt with any regular pack, least of all with her Majesty's
+hounds. The consequence was what might have been expected. He was hardly up
+with the hounds when he was in the middle of them, rode over half the pack,
+and headed the whole; and so there was nothing for it but for the master of
+the hounds to call them off, and declare he would not hunt that country
+again until he had had a further survey made of it.
+
+Now I have endeavoured to give, in as gentle a manner as I can, an account
+of that which caused the principal disaster on this famous sporting day. It
+was stated that further information was necessary. But another member of
+the Government described the difficulty in a good deal broader terms. Mr.
+Labouchere declared that 'the sons of Zeruiah had been too strong for
+them.' However that may be, a select committee was appointed. [Footnote:
+_Report: Mersey Conservancy and Docks_, Westminster, 1857, p.46.]
+
+COMPARISON OF LIVERPOOL WITH MANCHESTER.
+
+What has made Liverpool? Manchester says it has made Liverpool. Sir, the
+East and West Indies, America and Africa and Australia have made Liverpool,
+just as they have made Manchester. We know that for a long time that
+western side of the kingdom was far behind the eastern portions of it; that
+it had no wool trade, which was the old staple of the country; that South
+Lancashire was covered with forests; that in Edward the Second's time there
+was but one poor fulling-mill in Manchester: and what has been the eventual
+result? After long waiting, after long delays, a new continent in the far
+west, and a new British Empire founded in the far east, have come to the
+relief of that portion of the country; that, concurrently with the
+development of that system, a Brindley, a Watt, an Arkwright, a George
+Stephenson arose. And so it is that Liverpool became what it is; and so it
+is that Manchester became what it is. But who was watching this great
+design of Providence in its small beginning? Who was fostering the trade?
+Who was promoting the internal communications with Manchester? Who was
+spending money and giving land for the benefit of the infant trade? It was
+the corporation of Liverpool.... Where was representation and taxation
+then, sir?... You cannot have it till the port is made. You cannot have it
+till the risk has been run, till the ratepayers have been created. Then, no
+doubt, you may turn round upon the body who have made the port, made the
+ratepayers, made them what they are; and you may insist upon dethroning
+them from that position which they have occupied, at so much risk and so
+much labour, up to the time when the full development of the trade takes
+place. Now, sir, that is the case with Liverpool. It is the case with
+nearly all the remarkable ports of this kingdom. And then, forsooth, when
+all this has been done, and when Liverpool has nursed from its infancy the
+rising trade of the Mersey, watched it, developed it into a system which is
+unequalled, I venture to say, in the habitable world, we are to have
+gentlemen from Manchester coming down upon us to tell us that the true
+nostrum to make a port is taxation and representation, and to turn out
+those who, before there was any trade to tax, taxed themselves in order to
+create it.
+
+      *       *      *      *       *
+
+Apart from the Great Western Company's intervention this is a case of
+Manchester against Liverpool; in other words, it is a struggle between a
+manufacturing and a commercial interest. Now, sir, what is called the
+balance of power in the British Constitution, meaning as it does the
+equipoise caused by conflicting interests and passions, is a principle
+which is not confined to constitutional forms, but works out throughout the
+whole body of society; and we find a gradual tendency in latter days to
+conflicts between classes, and classes which were before allied together
+against other classes. We know the distinctions between land and trade,
+speaking generally, and the conflicts which have ensued. In these latter
+days we have had trade subdivided into manufactures and commerce.... What
+you are asked to do now is to humble a commercial interest at the instance
+of a manufacturing interest.... There can be no doubt, sir, that if we
+contrast the habits of mind of different classes, commercial pursuits give
+a different tone and a different feeling. I am not saying it is better, I
+am not saying it is worse--that is not my question--but a different tone
+and feeling from what manufacturing pursuits do. I will not even analyse
+the cause of it; but I may state this much, that commerce has that which
+manufacture has not. It has its traditions and its history upon a higher
+and very different footing: it has even its romance and its poetry. A
+profession exercised within a port which is associated with such names as
+those of Tyre, of Byzantium, of Venice, of Genoa, of the Hanse Towns, and
+many of the chief cities of history, may be said to have some liberal
+features which I do not say are beneficial; I am merely saying that they
+are different from those which arise out of the associations of
+manufacture. Images of greatness and of splendour are connected with the
+one much more than with the other, and the term 'merchant princes' is a
+term which neither historians nor orators would treat as otherwise than
+properly applied to many of the chief men of the cities which I have named
+in former days, and many of the chief men of the cities with which we are
+now dealing. Moreover commerce brings the parties engaged in it into
+connection and contact with almost the whole known world. Liverpool is not
+the Liverpool of Lancashire only, or of Cheshire only, or of England only;
+Liverpool is the Liverpool of India, of China, of Africa, of North and
+South America, of Australia--the Liverpool of the whole habitable globe;
+and she has her features of distinction; she has her habits of thought and
+feeling, her traditions of mind fostered by influences such as these. There
+she sits upon the Mersey, a sort of queen of the seas; and Manchester, her
+sister, looks at her and loves her not. _She_ too is great, and
+_she_ too is powerful--but she is not Liverpool, and she cannot become
+Liverpool. At Liverpool she is lost in the throng of nations and the
+multitude of commerce; she is merely one of the many customers of the port.
+Well, as she cannot equal Liverpool, what is the next thing? It is to pull
+down Liverpool; to make Liverpool, forsooth, the Piraeus of such an Athens
+as Manchester! That, sir, will suit her purpose, but will it suit yours?...
+No commercial interests can act, sir, more than any other interests,
+without some local association, without some united home, such as is
+afforded in the constitution of our own port.... To found upon injustice,
+and to proceed by agitation, to put down a rival whom they cannot help
+admiring though they cannot love--that, sir, is a process neither worthy of
+them nor likely to accord with the views of the constitutional politician,
+who is willing indeed that, according to the natural force of circumstances
+and the development of time, every interest should acquire its legitimate
+position in the balance of power under the constitution, but who certainly
+would not lend his aid to destroy by anticipation and violently any of
+those great commercial landmarks which remain--and long may they remain--in
+this country, standing monuments of the past, and affording in the present
+working of different political passions and interests a counterpoise, the
+loss of which would soon be felt, and would lead every one to regret the
+legislation which had converted this bill into an Act. (Pp. 213, 214, 221-
+4.)
+
+4. _The L. B. & S. C. Company--the Beckenham Line_.--In this great
+case Mr. Hope-Scott was retained by the London, Brighton, and South Coast
+Railway Company to oppose a bill by which it had been sought to construct
+a new and rival line by Beckenham, and, with his usual address, succeeded
+in turning it out. The question was one of considerable local importance,
+and on its decision a clever article appeared in the 'West Sussex Gazette,'
+written by the editor of that paper, the late Mr. William Woods Mitchell,
+in whose sudden death in 1880 the public press of England lost a most able
+and talented journalist, who (I may remark in passing) had as considerable
+a share as any one in carrying the principle of unstamped newspapers. His
+description of Mr. Hope-Scott's style of pleading is interesting, as
+conveying the impressions of a very sharp-sighted spectator, and, so to
+speak, placing before our bodily vision what such refined criticism as that
+of Mr. Venables has addressed rather to the eye of the mind.
+
+To one of an impulsive temperament Mr. Hope-Scott's unconcern and _sang-
+froid_ is perfectly irritating. It is amazing how he remembers minute
+points and names. From the highest questions of policy down to Mr. Ellis's
+cow and ladder case he was 'up' in detail, never lost for a word, and not
+to be astonished at anything. If the House of Commons were on fire he would
+ask the committee simply if he should continue until the fire had reached
+the room, or adjourn on the arrival of the engines. Whilst he delivers his
+speech he is keeping up a little cross-fire with the clerks behind, who
+scratch out the evidences and papers as he requires them. Now he will drink
+from the water-glass, now take a pinch of snuff, then look at his notes, or
+make an observation to some one; but still the smooth thread of his speech
+goes on to the committee: but it is smooth, and says as plainly as
+possible, 'My dear friend, I am not to be hurried, understand that if you
+please.' When, however, Mr. Scott has a joke against his learned friend he
+looks round, and his dark eyes twinkle out the joke most expressively....
+There was a slight twinkle as he said to the committee, 'Now I come to the
+question of gradients.' It was amusing to see the five M.P.s twist in their
+chairs, and how readily the chairman told Mr. Scott the committee required
+to hear nothing further about gradients. Had the question of gradients been
+entered upon, one might have travelled to Brighton and back ere it was
+concluded. Mr. Hope-Scott had the advantage of a good case, and he
+'improved the occasion.' He further had the advantage of the three shrewd
+gentlemen at his elbow, Messrs. Faithfull, Slight, and Hawkins, who allowed
+no point to slumber. The great features in favour of the Brighton Company
+were--first, that their line was acknowledged by all to be well connected;
+secondly, that Parliament had never granted a competing line of as palpable
+a character as the Beckenham; thirdly, that it had been shown by a
+committee of inquiry that competing lines invariably combine to the
+detriment of the public; and lastly, that the opposition line was not a
+_bonâ fide_ scheme, and not required for the traffic of the district.
+Mr. Denison replied at a disadvantage. [The chairman announced:] 'The
+committee are unanimous in their decision that the preamble of the bill has
+_not_ been proved.' The B. and S. C. has won the race. Another victory
+for _Scott's lot!_ [Footnote: _Scott's lot_. There was a
+celebrated trainer of the day, named Scott; and this expression was very
+familiar in the records of the turf.] The Beckenham project thrown out.
+[Footnote: _West Sussex Gazette_, June 18, 1863.]
+
+The same writer (I have been told) also remarked that Mr. Hope-Scott
+succeeded with the committee by making an exceedingly clear
+_statement_ of the case, thereby making them think that they knew
+something about it--and that was half the battle. When it was over, Mr.
+Hope-Scott observed to a friend, 'It is very likely I shall hear of that
+again; and very probably I shall be on the other side.' In fact, the affair
+got mixed up with the South-Eastern, from which company Mr. Hope-Scott
+received a prior retainer, and carried the Beckenham line against the L.
+and B. On that occasion he met the probable production by the opposing
+counsel of the statement from his previous speech by showing that
+circumstances alter cases, and that two or three years make a great
+difference. These latter particulars, however, I only give as
+conversational. To prevent any adverse impressions which might be given by
+such random talk, I would remark in passing, that a case like the foregoing
+is not a question of right or wrong, truth or falsehood, but of a balance
+of _expediency_, which it is a counsel's business in each instance to
+state, though certainly not to _overstate_. Further on (p.124) the
+reader will find evidence of Mr. Hope-Scott's resolute conscientiousness in
+the matter of fees.
+
+5. _Scottish Railways: an Amalgamation Case_.--A bill for the
+amalgamation of certain Scottish railways was one of the great cases in
+which Mr. Hope-Scott was concerned in the Parliamentary Session of 1866. A
+correspondent of the 'Dundee Advertiser' takes occasion from it to
+contribute to that journal a sketch of Mr. Hope-Scott's personal history
+and professional career, with sundry comments on his style as an advocate.
+From this article I shall quote so much as refers in general to the
+Scottish part of his practice, and particularly to the case above
+mentioned. It will be perceived that the writer takes a comparatively
+disparaging view of Mr. Hope-Scott's manner of pleading; but this only
+shows the coarse drawing which those who write for the people often fall
+into, like artists whose pictures are to be seen from a great distance. For
+convenience of arrangement I make a transposition in the passage which I
+now place before the reader.
+
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott in pleading his cases has a peculiarly easy style of speech,
+which can hardly be called oratory, because it would be ridiculous to waste
+high oratory on a Railway or a Waterworks Bill. But he has an apparently
+inexhaustible flow of language in every case he takes up, and every point
+of every case. He has little gesture, but is graceful in all his movements.
+He fastens on every point, however small--not a single feature escapes him;
+and he covers it up so completely with a cloud of specious but clever
+words, that a Parliamentary committee, composed as it is of private
+gentlemen, are almost necessarily led captive, and compelled to view the
+point as represented by him. It was eminently so in the Amalgamation case.
+The specious excuses for unmitigated selfishness there put forth were
+poured into the ears of the committee with such an air of innocent candour,
+and with such a clever copiousness, that the committee was, as it were,
+flooded and overwhelmed by his quiet eloquence; and though Mr. Denison with
+the keen two-edged sword of his logic cut through and through the watery
+flood in every case, it was just like cutting water, which immediately
+closed the moment the instrument was withdrawn. I am not doing Mr. Scott
+injustice when I say that in the Amalgamation case his tact was at least in
+as much demand as his ability, and that for downright argument his speeches
+could not for one moment be compared to those of Mr. Denison. But having a
+bad case to begin with, and having to make a selfish arrangement between
+two railway companies appear a great public advantage, he certainly, by his
+quiet skilful touches, turned black into white before the committee with
+remarkable neatness. His reply on the whole case was another flood of
+rosewater eloquence, which rose gently over all the points in Mr. Denison's
+speech, and concealed if it did not remove them. It was like the tide
+rising and covering a rock which could only be removed by blasting. Mr.
+Denison has the keen logical faculty which enables him to bore his way
+through the hardest argument, and blast it remorselessly and effectually as
+the gunpowder the rock. Mr. Scott, again, prefers to chip the face of the
+rock, to trim it into shape, to cover it over with soil, and to conceal its
+hard and rocky appearance under the guise of a flower-garden, through which
+any one may walk. And with ordinary men this style of thing is very
+popular. I do not mean that Mr. Scott is incapable of higher things. Far
+from it. I believe that had he to plead before a judge few could be more
+logical and powerful than he; but it is a remarkable evidence of the
+'Scottishness' of his character, if I may coin a phrase, that when he has
+to plead before a committee of private gentlemen who have to be 'managed,'
+he should deliberately select a lower style of treatment for his subjects.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From his birth and social position, his mixing with the noblest and best
+society in the land, and his versatility and quick perceptive powers, Mr.
+Hope-Scott is so thoroughly master of the art of pleasing that a committee
+cannot fail to be ingratiated by him; and is certainly never offended, as
+he is gentlemanly and amiable to a fault. His temper is unruffled, and his
+speeches brimful of quick wit and humour; and when a strong-minded
+committee has to decide against him, so much has he succeeded in
+ingratiating himself with them that it is almost with a feeling of personal
+pain the decision is given. I remember seeing the chairman of one of the
+committees look distinctly sheepish as he gave his decision against Mr.
+Scott, and could not help thinking how much humbug there was in this system
+of Parliamentary committees altogether.
+
+   *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott has had a great deal to do in regard to Dundee and district
+business in Parliament. He represented the Harbour Trustees when they
+obtained their original Act, and he has had a hand in forwarding or
+opposing most of the railways in the district. He was employed by Mr. Kerr
+at the formation of the Scottish Midland; and I may mention that he was
+also employed in regard to the original Forfar and Laurencekirk line. In
+his conduct of the latter case a characteristic incident occurred which
+shows the highly honourable nature of the man. It was at the time of the
+railway mania, when fancy fees were being given to counsel, and when some
+counsel were altogether exorbitant in their demands. Mr. Hope-Scott was to
+have replied on behalf of the Forfar and Laurencekirk line, but intimated
+that he would not have time to do so, he being engaged on some other case.
+It was supposed, as fancy fees were being freely offered to secure
+attendance, that Mr. Scott was dissatisfied with his, and accordingly an
+extra fee of 150 guineas was sent to him along with a brief and a request
+that he would appear and make the reply. Mr. Scott sent back the brief and
+the cheque to the agents, with a note stating his regret that they should
+have supposed him capable of such a thing, also stating that he feared he
+would not have time to make the reply; but requesting that W. Kerr, of
+Dundee, should be asked to visit him and prepare him for the case, that he
+might be able to plead it if he did find time. This was done; he did find
+the time, he pleaded the case, but would not finger the extra fee! How
+different this conduct from that of some of the notorious counsel of those
+days, who, after being engaged in a case, sometimes stood out for their
+1,000-guinea fees being doubled before they would go on with it!'
+[Footnote: I have heard of even a stronger case at that period than those
+alluded to by this writer--of a brief of 300_l_. being returned by the
+counsel and agents backwards and forwards till it reached 3,000_l_.]
+('Dundee Advertiser,' July 2, 1866.)
+
+6. _Dublin Trunk Connecting Railway_.--This was a case of some
+interest in 1868 or 1869, when schemes were in agitation for the connection
+of lines and the construction of one great central station for Dublin.
+Seven bills had been proposed, two of which their supporters had great
+hopes of carrying: the Dublin Trunk Connecting line few had thought would
+pass, when Mr. Hope-Scott went into the committee-room one afternoon,
+examined some witnesses, and made a speech which carried all before it;
+and, to the astonishment of all, the bill passed. The project, indeed, was
+never realised, but all agreed that Mr. Hope-Scott's single speech before
+the committee had snatched the affair from the hands of all the other
+competing parties.
+
+7. His professional services to his old College of Eton in one important
+case (the Public Schools Bill of 1865) have already been more than once
+referred to. [Footnote: See vol. i. p. 17, and the present vol. ii. p.
+106.]
+
+But he similarly assisted Eton on other occasions also. One of these was a
+contest it had with the _Great Western Railway Company_ in 1848, and
+which did not terminate in complete success; but his exertions (which were
+gratuitous) called forth a most emphatic expression of thanks in an address
+to him from the head-master (Dr. Hawtrey) and from the whole body of the
+masters. They say:--
+
+It would indeed have been impossible by any such payment to have diminished
+our debt. For we feel that you spoke as if you had a common interest in our
+cause, and the advocate was lost in the friend. Nothing was wanting in our
+defence which the most judicious eloquence, combined with the sincerest
+regard for Eton, could supply:--
+
+  Si Pergama dextra Defendi possent, etiam hâc defensa fuissent.
+
+But if the great object of our wishes could not be obtained against an
+opposition so powerful, restrictions have been imposed on the direction of
+the Great Western line, which would not have been granted but for the
+earnestness of your address to the committee; and whatever alleviations
+there may be to the evils which we expected, we shall owe them entirely to
+your advocacy.
+
+I have little to add to what has now been brought together, yet a few
+scraps may still interest the reader.
+
+Mr. Hope's first general retainers (as already stated) date in 1844; but by
+the time he retired he was standing counsel to nearly every system of
+railways in the United Kingdom (not, however, to the Great Western, though
+he pleaded for them whenever he could--that is, when not opposed by other
+railways for which he was retained). With the London and North-Western he
+was an especial favourite. It is believed that on his retirement his
+general retainers amounted to nearly one hundred--an extraordinary number;
+among which are included those given by the Corporations of London,
+Edinburgh, Dublin, Liverpool, and others. There was, in fact, during his
+last years, constant wrangling among clients to secure his services. The
+cry always was 'Get Hope-Scott.' That there may have been jealousy on the
+part of some as to the distribution of time so precious, may easily be
+supposed. I find a hint of this in a book of much local interest, but which
+probably few of my readers have met with, 'The Larchfield Diary: Extracts
+from the Diary of the late Mr. Mewburn, First Railway Solicitor. London:
+Simpkin and Marshall [1876].' Under the year 1861 Mr. Mewburn says (adding
+a tart comment):--
+
+The London and North-Western Railway Company had, in the session of 1860,
+twenty-five bills in Parliament, all which they gave to Mr. Hope-Scott as
+their leader, and he was paid fees amounting to 20,000_l_., although
+he was rarely in the committee-room during the progress of the bills.--
+'Larchfield Diary,' p. 170.
+
+As to this, it must be observed that the companies engaged Mr. Hope-Scott's
+services with the perfect knowledge beforehand that the demands on his time
+were such as to render it extremely doubtful whether he could afford more
+than a very small share of it to the given case. They wished for his name
+if nothing else could be had; and, above all, to hinder its appearing on
+the opposite side. It was also felt that his powers were such, that a very
+little interference or suggestion on his part was very likely to effect all
+they wished. People said, 'If he can only give us ten minutes, it will
+_direct_ us. We don't want the chief to draw his sword--he will win
+the battle with the glance of his eye.' In reference to one case I have
+described (No. 6) a client exclaimed, 'Even in ten minutes he put all to
+rights. We should have gone to pieces but for those ten minutes.' One is
+reminded of the exclamation of the old Highlander who had survived
+Killiecrankie: 'O for one hour of Dundee!' With these facts before us, and
+the astonishing unanimity of the best informed witnesses, as to Mr. Hope-
+Scott's straightforwardness and high sense of honour, I think Mr. Mewburn's
+objection is sufficiently answered. A remark, however, may be added, which
+I find in an able article in the 'Scotsman' (May 1, 1873): 'Often unable to
+attend his examination of minor witnesses, Mr. Hope-Scott nevertheless took
+care to possess himself of everything material in their evidence by careful
+reading of the short-hand writers' notes, and he always contrived to be at
+hand when the examination of an important witness might be expected to
+prove the turning-point in his case.'
+
+The same writer goes on to say:--
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott was not classed as a legal scholar, nor did his branch of
+the profession, which was the making, not the interpreting of laws, demand
+that accomplishment. His power lay, first, in a strong common sense and in
+a practical mind; next, in a degree of tact amounting to instinct, by which
+he seemed to read the minds of those before whom he was pleading, and
+steered his course and pitched his tone accordingly; and lastly, in being
+in all respects a thorough gentleman, knowing how to deal with
+gentlemen.... Though sincere and zealous in [religious] matters, Mr. Hope-
+Scott never, in his intercourse with the world and with men of hostile
+beliefs, showed the least drop of bitterness, or fell away in the smallest
+degree from that geniality of spirit which marked his whole character, and
+that courtesy of manner which made all intercourse with him, even in hard
+and anxious matters of business, a pleasure, not only for the moment, but
+for memory.
+
+The following anecdote will serve to show that Mr. Hope-Scott was not the
+man to abuse the power which of course he well knew that he possessed, of
+'making the worse seem the better cause.' Once when engaged in consultation
+with a certain great advocate, they both agreed that they had not a leg to
+stand upon. ---- said that he would speak, and did deliver a speech which
+was anything but law. Mr. Hope-Scott being then called, bowed, and said
+that he had nothing to add to the speech of his learned friend. 'How could
+you leave me like that?' asked the other. 'You had already said,' replied
+Mr. Hope-Scott, 'that you had no case.'
+
+In his latter years Mr. Hope-Scott was thought to have become rather
+imperious in his style of pleading before the Parliamentary committees: I
+mention this, not to pass over an impression which probably was but
+incidental. Of an opposite and very beautiful trait see an example in Mr.
+Gladstone's 'Letter' (Appendix III.).
+
+It is obvious that Mr. Hope-Scott's professional emoluments must have been,
+as I have already said in general, very great. Notwithstanding his
+generosity and forbearance, it was no more possible for him, with his
+talents and surroundings, to avoid earning a splendid income than (as
+Clarendon says of the Duke of Buckingham) for a healthy man to sit in the
+sun and not grow warm. Into the details of his professional success in this
+point of view I must refrain from entering. Although, considering the great
+historical interest of the era of 'the railway mania,' the question of the
+fees earned by a great advocate of that period can hardly be considered one
+of merely trivial curiosity, still, the etiquette and let me add the just
+etiquette, of the profession would forbid the use of information, without
+which no really satisfactory outline of this branch of my subject could be
+placed before the reader, least of all by a writer not himself a member of
+the profession. The popular notion of it must, I suppose, have appeared not
+infrequently in the newspapers of the day--an example may be found at p.
+204 of this volume--and but very recently a similar guess appeared in a
+literary organ of more permanent character. But to correct or to criticise
+such vague statements on more certain knowledge, even if I possessed it, is
+what can hardly be here expected. Indeed, I ought rather to ask pardon for
+mistakes almost certainly incident to what I have already attempted.
+
+In concluding the present subject I may remark that Mr. Hope-Scott's
+professional labours by no means represent the whole work of his life.
+Nominally, he was supposed to be free for about half the year, but in
+reality this vacant time was almost filled up by other work of a business
+nature undertaken out of kindness to friends or relations--precisely what
+the old Romans called _officia_. Such was the charge of the great
+Norfolk estates, and of the long-contested Shrewsbury property; [Footnote:
+Bertram Talbot, last Earl of Shrewsbury of the Catholic branch, had
+bequeathed considerable property to Lord Edmund Howard (brother-in-law to
+Mr. Hope-Scott), on condition of his assuming the name of Talbot. His right
+to make this bequest was disputed by his successor, and a protracted
+litigation ensued in 1864 and the next few years, throughout which Mr.
+Hope-Scott acted as friend and adviser of the Howards, to whom he was
+guardian. The importance of this _cause célèbre_ here consists chiefly
+in the self-sacrificing labours by which Mr. Hope-Scott succeeded in saving
+something for his relative out of the wreck, when to rescue the whole
+proved to be hopeless. I am not aware that it need be concealed that he had
+a very strong opinion against the justice of the decision.] such was
+another trust, on a considerable scale, for connections of his family in
+Yorkshire, involving, like the former, a great deal of travelling, for he
+was not satisfied with merely looking at things through other people's
+eyes. Such, too, his guardianship of his elder brother's eight children
+[Footnote: Mr. George W. Hope died on October 18, 1863--a great sorrow to
+Mr. Hope-Scott, to whom for years, in the earlier part of his career, his
+house had been a home, and who regarded him throughout with deep
+affection.] for about ten years before his death. A fourth may be added,
+that of the family of Mr. Laing, solicitor at Jedburgh, a convert who died
+young, requesting Mr. Hope to protect the interest of his seven children. A
+fifth, too--the guardianship of the children of his old legal tutor, Mr.
+Plunkett. The four first-mentioned guardianships occupied Mr. Hope till
+nearly the end of his life. And, on the top of all this, add a most
+voluminous correspondence, in which his advice was required on important
+subjects by important persons--and often on subjects which were to them of
+importance, by very much humbler persons too.
+
+Of the spirit in which he laboured, the following passage of a letter of
+his to Father (now Cardinal) Newman gives an idea. Like some other letters
+I have quoted, it almost supplies the absence of a religious diary of the
+period. It is an answer to a letter of Dr. Newman's, presently to be given
+(p. 143).
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to the Very Rev. Dr. Newman._
+
+Abbotsford: Dec. 30, 1857.
+
+Dear Father Newman,--... And now a word about yourself. I do not like your
+croaking. You have done more in your time than most men, and have never
+been idle. As to the way in which you have done it I shall say nothing. You
+may think you might have done it better. I remember that you once told me
+that 'there was nothing we might not have done better'--and this was to
+comfort me; and it did, for it brought each particular failure under a
+general law of infirmity, and so quieted while it humbled me. And then as
+to the future: what is appointed for you to do you will have time for--what
+is not, you need have no concern about. There! I have written a sermon.
+Very impudent I know it is; but when the mind gets out of joint a child may
+sometimes restore it by telling us some simple thing which we perhaps have
+taught it. Pat your child then on the head, and bid him go to play, while
+you brace yourself up and work on, not as if you must do some particular
+work _before_ you die, but as if you must do your best _till_ you
+die. 'Alas! alas! how much could I say of my past, were I to compare it
+with yours! And my future--how shall I secure it better than you can yours?
+But I must not abuse the opportunity you have given me.... With all good
+wishes of this and every season,
+
+Yours very affectionately,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+The Very Rev. Dr. Newman, Birmingham.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1847-1858.
+
+Mr. Hope's Engagement to Charlotte Lockhart--Memorial of Charlotte
+Lockhart--Their Marriage--Mr. Lockhart's Letter to Mr. J. R. Hope on his
+Conversion--Filial Piety of Mr. Hope--Conversion of Lord and Lady Henry
+Kerr--Domestic Life at Abbotsford--Visit of Dr. Newman to Abbotsford in
+1852--Birth of Mary Monica Hope-Scott--Bishop Grant on Early Education--Mr.
+Lockhart's Home Correspondence--Death of Walter Lockhart Scott--Mr. Hope
+takes the Name of Hope-Scott--Last Illness and Death of Mr. Lockhart--Death
+of Lady Hope--Letter of Lord Dalhousie--Mr. Hope-Scott purchases a Highland
+Estate--Death of Mrs. Hope-Scott and her Two Infants--Letters of Mr. Hope-
+Scott, in his Affliction, to Dr. Newman and Mr. Gladstone--Verses in 1858--
+Letter of Dr. Newman on receiving them.
+
+
+This biography here reaches the point where the history of Mr. Hope's
+marriage may fitly be placed before the reader. It was an event which, as I
+have already hinted, may very probably have been connected, like his eager
+pursuit of the Bar, with the break-down of his early ideas as to the Church
+of England. Yet, viewed merely in its worldly aspects, the step was one
+which could have caused no surprise, the time for it having fully arrived,
+as he was now thirty-five, in a conspicuous position in society, and making
+a splendid income. The lady of his choice was Charlotte Harriet Jane
+Lockhart, daughter of John Gibson Lockhart, and granddaughter of Sir Walter
+Scott. It was through Lady Davy that Mr. Hope had made Mr. Lockhart's
+acquaintance; and thus what appeared a very meaningless episode in his
+juvenile years materially affected his destiny in life. In a letter of July
+23, 1847, to his sister, Lady Henry Kerr, he speaks as follows of the
+important step in life he had decided upon, and of the character of his
+betrothed:--
+
+I have for a long time contemplated the possibility of marriage, and had
+resolved that, all things considered, it might, under God's blessing, be
+the best course which I could pursue. It was not, however, till I had made
+acquaintance with Charlotte Lockhart that I was satisfied I should find a
+person who in all respects would suit me. This a general knowledge of her
+character (which is easily known) convinced me of, and I then proceeded
+rapidly, and, as far as I can judge, am not mistaken in my choice.
+
+She is not yet twenty, but has lived much alone; much also with people
+older than herself, and people of high mental cultivation. She has also had
+the discipline of depending on those habits of her father which are
+inseparable from a literary and, in some degree, secluded life. In short,
+she has had much to form her, and with great simplicity of character, and
+unbounded cheerfulness, she combines far more thought than is usual at her
+age. Having no mother and few connections, she is the more likely to become
+entirely one of us; which I value, not only on my own account, but for the
+sake of my mother, to whom I am sure she will be a very daughter.
+
+I have said more to you about her than I have written to any one else, for
+I distrust marriage puffs, and desire that people may judge for
+themselves.... You may be assured that I look upon marriage in a very
+serious light; and I pray God heartily that it may be to us, whether in joy
+or sorrow, the means of mutual improvement, so that, when the account is
+rendered, each may show some good work done for the other.
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+A little expedition which ensued on the engagement was long remembered as
+affording a very bright passage in their lives. With Lady Davy as kind
+chaperon, Mr. Hope and his betrothed visited his brother-in-law and sister,
+Lord and Lady Henry Kerr, at the Rectory of Dittisham, near Dartmouth, that
+the future sisters might become acquainted. The exquisite beauty of the
+scenery about the Dart, the splendour of the weather, and the charm of the
+moment, altogether made this a time of happiness not to be forgotten by any
+of those who shared in it. To the outline conveyed in Mr. Hope's letter I
+shall add a few traits obtained from other sources, and thus complete, as
+far as possible, the image they present. Charlotte Lockhart is described as
+a very attractive person, with a graceful figure, a sweet and expressive
+face, brown eyes of great brilliance, and a beautifully shaped head: the
+chin indeed was heavy, but even this added to the interest of the face by
+its striking resemblance to the same feature in her great ancestor, Sir
+Walter Scott. A dearly cherished portrait of her at Abbotsford shows all
+that sweetness we should expect, yet it is at the same time full of
+character and decision. Her style of dress was marked by singular
+simplicity; and, unless to please her husband, or when society required it,
+she rarely wore ornaments. She was of a bright and cheerful nature, at
+first sight extremely open, but with that reserve which so often shows
+itself, on further acquaintance, in minds of unusual thoughtfulness and
+depth. There was something especially interesting in her manner--a mixture
+of shyness and diffidence with self-reliance and decisiveness, quite
+peculiar to herself. Her look, 'brimful of everything,' seemed to win
+sympathy and to command respect. Without marked accomplishments, unless
+that of singing most sweetly, with a good taste and natural power that were
+always evident, she had a passion for books, about which, however, she was
+particularly silent, as she dreaded anything like pretensions to
+literature. Her talent and quickness made everything easy to her, and she
+seemed to get through all she had to do with great facility. But this was
+much assisted by an extraordinary gift of order and method, which enabled
+her, without consulting her watch, to fix the instant when the time had
+arrived, for example, for prayers, so that her friends would say they felt
+sure she carried a clock in her head. Punctual to a minute, she seemed
+never to lose a moment. She governed herself by a rule of life, drawn up
+for her by Bishop Grant (and afterwards by Cardinal Manning), memoranda of
+which were found in her Prayer-book. Notwithstanding ill-health, she almost
+always commenced her devotions, even if unable to rise early, at six in the
+morning, and observed a perfect system in the round of her daily duties.
+She was never idle, and nothing that might be called her recreations was
+allowed to be decided by the wish of the moment, but was all settled
+beforehand--the time to be allotted, for instance, to a carriage drive, or
+to visiting. Mr. Hope-Scott himself said of her, that if she lay down on
+the sofa in the afternoon to enjoy a few hours of Dante or Tasso, you might
+be sure that every note had been answered, every account set down and
+carefully backed up, every domestic matter thoroughly arranged. As Lady
+Davy expressed it, 'she was a very busy little housewife, putting order
+into every department.'
+
+Of the usual lady's industry of needlework, plain or fancy, she got through
+an amazing quantity; but she was also, in her early years, of great use to
+her father, whose companion she had been in a literary life of great
+loneliness, by relieving him of much of his correspondence. The same
+diligent and endearing aid she afterwards rendered to her husband in all
+his harassing overwork. Her great love and admiration for him, combined
+with her own natural reserve, made her somewhat disinclined to go into
+society; and in his compulsory absences, at which she was never heard to
+murmur, she could be happy for weeks together, with her child, in a
+comparatively solitary life at Abbotsford. Yet she was also quite able to
+appreciate society, and is described by her friends as a delightful
+companion, hardly ever talking of herself, and always charitable in talking
+of others. Though placed in the state of riches, and having unlimited
+permission from her husband to spend as much as she pleased, she was
+notwithstanding never wasteful, but governed her household expenditure with
+the prudence of an upright and well-regulated mind, taking the greatest
+pains that all around her should have strict justice. She spent nothing
+needlessly upon herself, but gave largely, and in the most self-denying
+manner, for charitable purposes, especially the Orphanage under the sisters
+at Norwood, which she appears to have constantly endeavoured to follow in
+spirit, making her inner life, as far as possible, that of a religious. She
+is remembered to have disposed of, for the sake of the Norwood Orphanage, a
+precious ornament, given her by her husband, which had belonged to the
+Empress Josephine; but a portion was reserved for a Lady altar in the
+Church of St. Mary and St. Andrew, Galashiels. When in London, it was her
+delight to visit St. George's Hospital, where her attendance was efficient
+and regular, so long as she was able to render it.
+
+Mr. Hope and Charlotte Lockhart were married at the parish church of
+Marylebone on August 19, 1847, his brother-in-law, Lord Henry Kerr,
+officiating; and after the wedding he took his bride to the Duke of
+Buccleuch's house at Richmond, which had been lent to them for the
+honeymoon. The autumn was spent at Rankeillour, and the winter at Lady
+Hope's in Charles Street. In 1848 Mr. Hope rented Abbotsford from his
+brother-in-law, Walter Lockhart Scott, and removed thither in August of
+that year. On the death of the latter, in 1853, he became its possessor in
+right of his wife, and for the remainder of his days made it his principal
+residence.
+
+Mr. Hope's conversion, as we have seen, took place before Easter in 1851.
+To his wife, the surrender of united prayer (of all trials the severest on
+both sides) was a sore distress: but the perception of truth is always
+aided by consistency, at whatever sacrifice; she had read and thought much
+on the controversy, and by Whitsuntide had followed her husband into the
+True Fold. Mr. Lockhart regarded his son-in-law's conversion as a grief and
+a humiliation; but, nevertheless, the nobleness of his nature, and the deep
+regard he always felt for his virtues, prevailed without an effort. His
+letter on that occasion does himself as much honour as it does to Mr. Hope.
+
+
+_J. G. Lockhart, Esq. to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C._
+
+S[ussex] P[lace]: April 8, 1851.
+
+My dear Hope,--I thank you sincerely for your kind letter. I had clung to
+the hope that you would not finally leave the Church of England; but am not
+so presumptuous as to say a word more on that step as respects yourself,
+who have not certainly assumed so heavy a responsibility without much study
+and reflection. As concerns others, I am thoroughly aware that they may
+count upon any mitigation which the purest intentions and the most generous
+and tender feelings on your part can bring. And I trust that this, the only
+part of your conduct that has given me pain, need not, now or ever, disturb
+the confidence in which it has of late been a principal consolation to me
+to live with my son-in-law.
+
+Ever affectionately yours,
+
+J. G. LOCKHART.
+
+That incipient leaning to Catholicity which is so observable among the
+literary men of the later Georgian era, especially of the school of Sir
+Walter Scott, was probably not wanting in Mr. Lockhart. At Rome he seems to
+have chiefly lived among Catholics; and quite in keeping with this view is
+an anecdote I have heard, of his observing to Mr. Hope, when once at
+Mayence they were watching the crowd streaming out of the cathedral, 'I
+must say this looks very like reality.' This was in the course of a visit
+they made to Germany in 1850, when Mrs. Hope was staying at Kreuznach for
+her health. As for Lady Hope, her decidedly Protestant principles caused
+her to feel profound distress when her son became a Catholic. She anxiously
+sought to know what Roman Catholics really believed, and whether they
+worshipped the Blessed Virgin or not.
+
+Her son wrote her the following beautiful letter the Christmas Eve after
+his conversion:--
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C. to his Mother, the Hon. Lady Hope._
+
+Abbotsford: Dec. 24, '51.
+
+Dearest Mamma,--... Writing on Christmas Eve, I cannot forbear, dearest
+mamma, from wishing you the blessings of this season, although I feel that
+in doing so I must necessarily cause painful thoughts; but amongst these, I
+trust, you will never admit any which imply that my love for you has
+diminished, or that I profess a religion which does not enforce and cherish
+the feelings of duty and affection which I owe to you. That I have often
+been wanting in my conduct towards you I well know and sincerely regret;
+but I can safely say that you have been throughout my life, to me, as you
+are still, an object of love, respect, and gratitude such as I scarcely
+have elsewhere in the world. Take then, dearest mamma, your son's Christmas
+prayers. They are addressed to the God who gave you to me, and whom I thank
+heartily for the gift; and if I believe that His will has been manifested
+otherwise than you see it in some things, remember that this does not
+extend to the precepts of love and charity, or alter one tittle of my
+obligation and desire to be and to show myself to be
+
+Your most affectionate Son,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+In the course of 1853 Mr. Hope's brother-in-law and sister, Lord and Lady
+Henry Kerr, were received into the Catholic Church. They ultimately settled
+near Abbotsford, at Huntley-Burn, a name familiar to all who have read
+Lockhart's 'Life of Scott,' which afforded more frequent opportunities for
+the intimate and affectionate intercourse which existed between the
+families. Mr. Hope's other immediate relatives, however unable they might
+be to sympathise with his change, retained their love and admiration for
+him undiminished. Writing from Luffness to Mr. Badeley (Jan. 21, 1852), he
+says: 'Here there has been no controversy, it being agreed that we shall
+not _talk_.... We meet everywhere so much kindness now, that we can
+make no pretence to confessorship.' His life as a Catholic, now that he had
+once found anchorage in the faith, passed in unbroken peace of mind, in
+wonderful contrast to the storms of which we have been so long telling,
+that swept over him before he reached this haven.
+
+The years immediately succeeding Mr. Hope's marriage with Charlotte
+Lockhart were probably the happiest of his life. He was then most buoyant,
+most in health, most himself, and at the height of his intellectual powers.
+His improving and practical hand was soon felt wherever he resided. He did
+much for Rankeillour, but for Abbotsford wonders. The place had been
+greatly neglected, the trees unthinned, and everything needing a
+restoration. He added a new wing to the house, formed a terrace, and
+constructed an ingenious arrangement of access by which the tourists might
+be admitted to satisfy their curiosity, while some sort of protection was
+afforded to the domestic privacy of the inmates. [Footnote: Particulars of
+some of the improvements will be given later on. The new house at
+Abbotsford was begun about 1855, and completed and furnished in 1857.] What
+he did for the Church I shall tell by-and-by. [Footnote: See chapter xxvi.]
+At both Rankeillour and Abbotsford Mr. Hope maintained a graceful
+hospitality, in every way befitting his position. A letter which has been
+communicated to me from a lady (now a nun) who was on a visit at Abbotsford
+during the autumn and winter of 1854, gives a very pleasing and distinct
+idea of the domestic life there during that brief period of happiness,
+which, however (as we shall see presently), was already chequered by sorrow
+destined in the Divine providence to become yet deeper and sadder. To this
+letter I am indebted for the following particulars, which I have ventured
+slightly to rearrange, yet keeping as closely as possible to the words of
+the writer:--
+
+The impression left by that most interesting and charming family could
+never be effaced from my mind. It always seemed to me the most perfect type
+of a really Christian household, such as I never saw in the world before or
+since. A religious atmosphere pervaded the whole house, and not only the
+guests, but the servants must, it seems to me, have felt its influence.
+But, apart from that, there was so much genial hospitality, and every one
+was made to feel so completely at his ease. Mr. Hope-Scott was the _beau
+idéal_ of an English gentleman, and a model Catholic devoted to the
+service of the Church, doing all the good that lay in his power, far and
+near. There was a quiet dignity about him, and at the same time he was full
+of gentle mirth, full of kindness and consideration for others; and for
+every one with whom he came in contact, high and low, rich and poor, there
+was a kind word or a generous act.
+
+Among all the guests of this happy interval, [Footnote: Lord and Lady
+Arundel and their family, Count Thun, Lady Davy, Lady Lothian, Lord
+Traquair, Bishop Carruthers, Mr. Badeley, &c.] none were more joyfully
+welcomed than Dr. Newman, who spent above five weeks at Abbotsford during
+the winter of 1852-3, though a much longer visit had earnestly been wished
+for by his kind host. It was a visit memorable in many ways, and at a
+memorable time of the Cardinal's life, the year of the first Achilli trial
+(this took place June 21-24), in which Mr. Hope, though not one of his
+advocates, had rendered the most efficient help to the illustrious
+defendant by his counsel and support. The Catholic university of Ireland,
+as will be seen from the following letter, was also then preparing, for
+which its first legislator had turned to Mr. Hope as among the most trusted
+of his advisers.
+
+_J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.C. to the Very Rev. Dr. Newman._
+
+5 Calverly Terrace, Tunbridge Wells: October 23, '52.
+
+Dear Newman,--I am much grieved by the account of your health which you
+send. Do, I entreat you, take _rest_ at once--and by rest I
+understand, and I suspect from Dr. Murray (?), total removal from work and
+change of scene. We hope to go to Abbotsford early next month. We have a
+chapel in the house, but no chaplain. You would confer on us the GREATEST
+pleasure, and would at the same time secure your doctor's object, if you
+would come down there and spend with us the three or four months which will
+elapse before our return to town. You can say mass at your own hour,
+observe your own ways in everything, and feel all the time, I hope,
+perfectly at home. Do, pray, seriously think of this.
+
+As to the University question which you put to me, I can give no reference
+here; and I suspect my view is rather historical than in the way of strict
+definition. In England public teaching in the schools preceded all the
+colleges, and the latter provided the training which the university did not
+undertake. In Scotland and in most places abroad there are no colleges in
+our English sense, and public teaching is the essence of their systems.
+Perhaps by looking into Athy Wood you may find passages to refer to, but I
+would rather rest upon the general statement of their origin. There are
+some derivations ascribed to the word _universitas_ as relating to
+universal knowledge, but I doubt them. Wife and child well.
+
+
+Yrs affly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE.
+
+I subjoin a few lines from Dr. Newman's answer to this invitation (which at
+first he was unable to accept):--
+
+It would be a great pleasure to spend some time with you, and then I have
+ever had the extremest sympathy for Walter Scott, that it would delight me
+to see his place. When he was dying I was saying prayers (whatever they
+were worth) for him continually, thinking of Keble's words, 'Think on the
+minstrel as ye kneel.' (Dr. Newman to J. R. H. from Edgbaston, Birmingham,
+Oct. 29, '52.)
+
+Not less interesting is a letter in which he recalls this visit, years
+after. Writing to Mr. Hope-Scott on Christmas Eve, 1857 [compare p. 131],
+Dr. Newman says:--
+
+I am glad to call to mind and commemorate by a letter the pleasant days I
+passed in the North this time five years. Five years has a melancholy sound
+to me now, for it is like a passing-bell, knolling away time. I hope it is
+not wrong to say that the passage of time is now sad to me as well as
+awful, because it brings before me how much I ought to have done, how much
+I have to do, and how little time I have to do it in.... I wonder whether
+Badeley is with you? What a strange thing life is! We see each other as
+through the peep-holes of a show. When had I last a peep at him or you?
+
+At Abbotsford one blessing was still wanting to the completion of domestic
+happiness. It may be assumed that, after successes so brilliant, Mr. Hope
+could not but desire to found a family which should continue, in his own
+line, names so famous as those which he inherited and represented; but this
+was long withheld. His first child, a boy, was still-born (1848); the next,
+after an interval of four years (October 2, 1852, Feast of the Guardian
+Angels), was a daughter, Mary Monica (now the Hon. Mrs. Maxwell-Scott),
+named after a favourite saint of his; and several years more elapsed before
+the birth of another son. A passage from one of Bishop Grant's letters to
+Mr. Hope will be read with interest at this point, both for the
+characteristic piety and for the intimacy of their friendship to which it
+witnesses:--
+
+_The Right Rev. Dr. Grant, Bishop of Southwark, to J. R. Hope, Esq.,
+Q.C._
+
+Dec. 10, 1852.
+
+My dear Mr. Hope,--... As you will have more opportunities at Abbotsford
+than you will perhaps find in London, it may be well to tell you that the
+Italian nurses begin almost before children know how to use their eyes, to
+make them notice prints or statues of our dear Mother and of the saints.
+This helps their imagination, such as it is; and, after all, when we know
+how some babes notice their parents and nurses, there is every reason why
+we should accustom them to notice holy things. And, as they begin to talk,
+it is right to follow the rule which St. Augustine says his mother had, of
+constantly letting the sacred names drop, so that the great doctor says she
+completely destroyed his relish for all oratory from which those sweet
+names were absent.
+
+May the blessings of Christmas fall abundantly on all at Abbotsford!
+
+Yours very affectionately,
+
+THOMAS GRANT.
+
+Mr. Hope's domestic circle at this time included Mr. Lockhart, who, though
+not yet a very old man, was verging towards the close of a literary life of
+great toil. He was much with his son-in-law and daughter in Scotland and in
+London, and they sometimes stayed with him in Sussex Place. At length he
+had his books taken down to Abbotsford, where they still are, in a room
+called the Lockhart Library. When absent, he wrote almost daily either to
+his daughter or to Mr. Hope; and the collection of his letters, still
+preserved, affords a most amusing record, sparkling with genial sarcasm, of
+whatever was going on around him in London society. There is endless talk
+and incident, floating in that society, which never finds its way into
+print, or not till after the lapse of many years; and such is precisely the
+material of this home correspondence of Mr. Lockhart's. It would be perhaps
+difficult to name letters with which they can be accurately classed. I do
+not forget Horace Walpole, and Swift's 'Journal to Stella.' But Lockhart's
+wit was more playful and more natural. The great charm of his letters is,
+that he thought, so far, of nothing but simply to relate what was likely to
+amuse his daughter, whether the matter in itself was of the least
+consequence or not. Such, however, were not the only topics of which he had
+to tell. Mr. Lockhart, who, with his somewhat haughty self-possession,
+might have been described, as the late Lord Aberdeen was, by one who knew
+him well, as 'possessing a heart of fire in a form of ice,' had yet a
+deeply felt but secret sorrow, with which even his resolution could hardly
+cope. If I do not disguise that for years he had much to vex him in the
+wild ways of a son whom he yet never ceased to love, it is only because
+otherwise I could convey little idea of the unreserved manner in which that
+lofty spirit could turn for consolation, in letter after letter, to Mr.
+Hope, or to his daughter, never failing to find all the comfort with which
+a wise head and a kind heart can reward a confidence so pathetic.
+
+Mr. Hope's conduct, all through these trials, was indeed forbearing and
+generous to such a degree as would make it a great example to all who have
+to sustain crosses of that kind. But enough, perhaps, has been said on the
+subject. In 1848 a severe illness of his brother-in-law at Norwich afforded
+another of those occasions in which he displayed that zeal and helpfulness
+in ministering to the sick, of which there are so many instances in his
+life. Walter Lockhart Scott died at Versailles on January 10, 1853.
+[Footnote: Walter Lockhart Scott and Charlotte (wife of Mr. Hope-Scott)
+were the last survivors of the children of Mr. Lockhart and Sophia,
+daughter of Sir Walter Scott. The eldest son, though very short-lived, is
+well remembered as 'Hugh Littlejohn,' to whom the _Tales of my
+Grandfather_ were dedicated.] Mr. Hope then assumed the name of Hope-
+Scott, by which I shall henceforth speak of him. It was on the occasion of
+her brother's death that Bishop Grant addressed the following beautiful
+letter to Mrs. Hope-Scott:--
+
+_The Right Rev. Dr. Grant, Bishop of Southwark, to Mrs. Hope-Scott_.
+
+January 20 [1853].
+
+My dear Mrs. Hope,--Although there is no artistic merit in the enclosed, I
+hope you will allow me to send it on account of the meditation which it
+suggests, how our dear Lord had the thought of His sufferings present to
+His mind in early childhood--indeed, from the first moment of His earthly
+existence. This thought may help to strengthen us when we reflect that He
+has not given us the foretaste of our sorrow, but has allowed us to grow up
+without any anticipation of distinct sorrow and suffering; and, for the
+first years, without any thought of their coming at all. When affliction
+comes at last in all its real bitterness, we can lighten it by uniting it
+to His sorrow, and by asking Him to remember His promise of making it easy
+to us.
+
+I should not have troubled you so soon if it had not occurred to me that
+the days which follow the announcement of a cause of grief are often more
+trying than the commencement of them, and that during them the need of
+consolation may be more felt.
+
+I do not know why I should intrude my poor sympathy upon you, but when we
+have shared in joy it seems ungrateful not to be willing to have a part in
+sadness, and therefore I hope you will excuse me....
+
+Yours very respectfully,
+
+THOMAS GRANT.
+
+Mr. Lockhart never got over the death of his last-remaining son. His health
+began to fail; he went to Rome for change of climate; came back worse, and
+soon after went down to his half-brother's at Milton-Lockhart. Thither Mr.
+and Mrs. Hope-Scott went to see him, and entreated him to come to
+Abbotsford. He at first decidedly refused, and his will was a strong one;
+but some time after, when the house was full of Catholic guests, he
+suddenly announced that he wished to go immediately to Abbotsford. He
+arrived there, hardly able to get out of his carriage, and it was at once
+perceived that he was a dying man. He desired to drive about and take leave
+of various places, displaying, however, a sort of stoical fortitude, and
+never making a direct allusion to what was impending. To save him fatigue,
+it was important he should have his room near the library, but he shrank
+from accepting the dining-room (where Sir Walter Scott had died), and it
+required all Mr. Hope-Scott's peculiar tact and kindness to induce him to
+establish himself in the breakfast-room close by. There he remained until
+the end. Yet he would not suffer any one to nurse him, till, one night, he
+fell down on the floor, and, after that, offered no further opposition.
+Father Lockhart, a distant cousin, was now telegraphed for, from whom,
+during Mr. Lockharts's stay in Rome, he had received much kind attention,
+for which he was always grateful. He did not object to his kinsman's
+presence, though a priest; and yielded also when asked to allow his
+daughter to say a few prayers by his bedside. Mr. Hope-Scott, in the
+meantime, was absent on business, but returned home one or two days before
+the end, which came suddenly. He and Mrs. Hope-Scott were quickly called
+in, and found Miss Lockhart (affectionately called in the family 'Cousin
+Kate') reading the prayers for the dying. Mr. Lockhart died on November 25,
+1854, and was buried at Dryburgh Abbey, beside his father-in-law Sir Walter
+Scott. The insertion of these particulars, which are of personal interest
+to many of my readers, will perhaps be justified by their close association
+with the subject of this memoir.
+
+After little more than a twelvemonth Mr. Hope-Scott had the sorrow to lose
+his mother. Lady Hope died rather suddenly on December 1, 1855, in
+consequence, it was thought, of injuries she had sustained from an
+accidental fall in the Crystal Palace a few days before. In writing to
+acquaint Mr. Gladstone with this sad event (December 4) [Footnote: Lady
+Frances Hope also died within a week after, on December 6, 1855.] Mr. Hope-
+Scott says:--
+
+To you and Mrs. Gladstone, who knew her, I may confidently say that I
+believe a kinder, more generous and self-denying nature has seldom existed.
+To us, her children, her life has been one of overflowing affection and
+care; but many, many besides her immediate relations have known her almost
+as a mother, and will feel the closing of her house as if they had lost a
+home.
+
+The following letter, written from India on the same occasion, is in every
+way deeply interesting:--
+
+_The Marquis of Dalhousie to G. W. Hope, Esq._
+
+Gov't House: Feb. 6, 1856.
+
+It was very kind of you, my dear George, to think of me, far away, when
+your heart must have been so sore. But, indeed, your kindness was not
+thrown away, or your considerate thoughtfulness misplaced.
+
+Even Jim and yourself have not grieved with more heartfelt sorrow for that
+dear life that has been lost than I have in my banishment.
+
+Thirty years have gone since your mother began to show to me the tenderness
+of an _own_ mother. I loved her dearly--she loved me, and loved what I
+loved. In the prospect of a return which has few charms for me the thought
+of finding Lady Hope good, kind, gracious, motherly, as she always was for
+me, was one of the few thoughts on which I dwelt, and to which I returned
+with real pleasure, and now it is all gone; and you would think it
+exaggerated if I said how deeply it depresses me to feel that it is so.
+
+Give my love to Jim, and to your sister too. I see her boy goes to Madras.
+I had hoped to see him here, if only for a week.
+
+In three weeks I am deposed. I have no wish to see England; but
+nevertheless I am, dear George,
+
+Yours most sincerely,
+
+DALHOUSIE.
+
+The winter which followed Mr. Lockhart's death at Abbotsford was a mournful
+one. Mrs. Hope-Scott had been deeply attached to her father. She had shared
+his griefs, as we have seen. Her earlier years had been somewhat lonely;
+her disposition, with all its reserve, was excessively sensitive and
+excitable, and a change of scene had doubtless begun to be felt necessary,
+when Mr. Hope-Scott bought a Highland estate, situated at Lochshiel, on the
+west coast of Inverness-shire, north of Loch Sunart, and nearly opposite
+Skye. The history of the purchase of this property, and of all that Mr.
+Hope-Scott did for it as a Catholic proprietor, is very interesting and
+curious, but involves so much detail, that I reserve most of it for a
+future chapter. He built a residence there, Dorlin House, a massive,
+comfortable mansion, practically of his own designing, abounding in long
+corridors, to enable the ladies and children to have exercise under shelter
+in the rainy Highland climate, and various little contrivances showing that
+few things were too minute for his attention. Here, as everywhere, he used
+a kindly and noble hospitality. Much of the charm of the place consisted in
+its remoteness and solitude, which caused just sufficient difficulty in
+obtaining supplies to afford matter of amusement. The post also came in and
+out only three times a week, and the nearest doctor was twelve miles off.
+All this, however, is now considerably changed by the greater vicinity of
+railways. A few lines from a letter of Mr. Hope-Scott's to Dr. Newman,
+dated 'Lochshiel, Strontian, N.B., September 25, 1856,' will give a better
+notion of its surroundings than I can offer:--
+
+We are here on the sea-shore, with wild rocks, lakes, and rivers near us,
+an aboriginal Catholic population, a priest in the house, and a chapel
+within 100 yards. We hope Badeley may turn up to-day, but are in doubt
+whether he will be as happy here as in Paper Buildings. The first
+necessaries of life sometimes threaten to fail us, and we have to lay in
+stores as if we were going on a sea voyage. At this moment we are in doubt
+about a cargo of flour from Glasgow, and our coal-ship has been long due.
+What Badeley will say to oat-cakes and turf fires remains to be seen.
+
+On Christmas Eve of the following year (1857) Dr. Newman writes to Mr.
+Hope-Scott, in a letter I have already quoted from (p. 143):--
+
+I was rejoiced to hear so good an account of your health, and of all your
+party. I suppose you are full of plans about your new property and your
+old. Your sister tells me you have got into your new wing at Abbotsford. As
+for the faraway region of which I have not yet learned the name, I suppose
+you are building there either a fortress against evil times, or a new town
+and port for happy times. Have you yet found gold on your estate? for that
+seems the fashion.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott did not indeed find gold at Dorlin, but he spent a great
+deal over it, which he was sometimes tempted to regret; but, on the whole,
+thought that the outlay had been devoted to legitimate objects, and that,
+as an experiment, it had succeeded. He built two chapels on this property,
+at Mingarry (Our Lady of the Angels) and at Glenuig (St. Agnes); and his
+letters are full of unconscious proof how the interests of Catholicity were
+always in his mind. A long wished-for event had lately thrown a bright
+gleam of sunshine over the house. On June 2, 1857, Mrs. Hope-Scott gave
+birth to a son and heir, Walter Michael, which was cause of rejoicing, not
+only to the whole Scottish nation, but wherever the English language is
+spoken, as promise of the continuance of the name and the line of
+Scotland's greatest literary glory. And, to complete the circle of
+happiness, on September 17 of the following year, 1858, was born also a
+daughter, Margaret Anne. Three months after this had scarcely passed, when
+the mother and both her infants were no more.
+
+Mrs. Hope-Scott had never really recovered from her first confinement. In
+the spring of 1858 she had had a severe attack of influenza, and
+consumptive symptoms, though not called by that name, came on. Towards the
+end of October arrangements had been made to take her to the Isle of Wight
+for the winter, but she never got further on her journey than Edinburgh.
+When she called, a day or two after her arrival there, on the Bishop, Dr.
+Gillis, he said to himself, 'Ah! _you_ have been travelling by express
+train!' Very soon after this, bronchitis set in, and rapidly became acute,
+and the case was pronounced hopeless. To herself, indeed, it was perhaps
+more or less sudden, though she had virtually made a retreat of preparation
+during the preceding six months, and left everything in the most perfect
+order at Abbotsford. She had said to 'Cousin Kate' (Miss Lockhart) that God
+had been very merciful to her in sending her a lingering illness; yet, on
+the last night, was heard to say,' Hard to part--Jim--Mamo [Footnote: Mamo:
+an affectionate abbreviation for Mary Monica.]--God's will be done.' She
+accepted her death as God's will. On being told of its approach, and after
+receiving the last sacraments, she said, 'I have no fear now.' Bishop
+Gillis gave her the last absolution, Fr. Noble, one of the Oblate Fathers
+from Galashiels, assisting. Her husband's disposition never allowed him to
+believe in misfortune till it had really come, and, almost up to the last
+hour, he had failed to see what was plain to all other eyes; the parting,
+therefore, with him and with her little daughter Mamo (who could scarcely
+be torn from her) was sad beyond expression. The end came rapidly. She died
+on Tuesday, October 26, and on December 3 her baby daughter, Margaret Anne;
+and on December 11 the little boy, whose birth had caused such gladness.
+All three were buried in the vault of St. Margaret's Convent, Edinburgh;
+the mother on November 2 (All Souls' Day), her two children on December 10
+and 17, 1858. Bishop Gillis spoke on November 2 and December 10, but his
+addresses were unwritten; Dr. Grant, Bishop of Southwark, on December 17.
+His address, and a beautiful one indeed it is, has fortunately been
+preserved.
+
+Of three short letters, in which Mr. Hope-Scott had told Dr. Newman of each
+sorrow as it came, I transcribe the last:--
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.G. to the Very Rev. Dr. Newman._
+
+14 Curzon St, London, W.:
+
+Dec. 11, 1858.
+
+Dear Father Newman,--My intention, for which you so kindly said mass, has
+been fulfilled, for it was, as well as I could form it, that God should
+deal with my child as would be most for His honour and its happiness, and
+this afternoon He has answered my prayer by calling little Walter to
+Himself.
+
+I rely upon you to pray much for me. It may yet be that other sacrifices
+will be required, and I may need more strength; but what I chiefly fear is
+that I may not profit as I ought by that wonderful union of trial and
+consolation which God has of late vouchsafed me.
+
+Yours very affectionately,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+The Very Rev. Dr. Newman.
+
+On his wife's death Mr. Hope-Scott had written the following letter to Mr.
+Gladstone:--
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.G. to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P._
+
+Abbotsford: Nov. 3, 1858.
+
+My dear Gladstone,--I was uneasy at not having written to you, and hoped
+you would write--which you have done, and I thank you much for it. An
+occasion like this passed by is a loss to friendship, but it was not, nor
+is, easy for me to write to you. You will remember that the root of our
+friendship, which I trust [was] the deepest, was fed by a common interest
+in religion, and I cannot write to you of her whom it has pleased God to
+take from me without reference to that Church whose doctrines and promises
+she had embraced with a faith which made them the objects of sense to her;
+whose teaching now moulded her mind and heart; whose spiritual blessings
+surrounded and still surround her, and which has shed upon her death a
+sweetness which makes me linger upon it more dearly than upon any part of
+our united and happy life.
+
+These things I could not pass over without ignoring the foundation of our
+friendship; but still I feel that to mention them has something intrusive,
+something which it may be painful for you to read, as though it required an
+answer which you had rather not give. So I will say only one thing more,
+and it is this: If ever, in the strife of politics and religious
+controversy, you are tempted to think or speak hardly of that Church--if
+she should appear to you arrogant, or exclusive, or formal, for my dear
+Charlotte's sake and mine check that thought, if only for an instant, and
+remember with what exceeding care and love she tends her children....
+
+And now good-bye, my dear Gladstone. Forgive me every word which you had
+rather I had not said. May God long preserve to you and your wife that
+happiness which you now have in each other! and when it pleases Him that
+either of you should have to mourn the other, may He be as merciful to you
+as He has been to me!
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+JAMES E. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+And now Mr. Hope-Scott was left alone in Abbotsford, with his only
+surviving child, a very fragile and delicate flower too, such as to make a
+father tremble while he kissed it. We have already seen [Footnote: See pp.
+44-46, and 55, 56, ch. ii, in vol. i.] that he could resort sometimes to
+poetry as that comfort for the over-burdened mind, in which Keble's theory
+would place even the principal source of the poetical spirit. [Footnote:
+Keble, _Praelectiones Academicae_, Oxon. 1844. Prael. i. t. i. p. 10.
+] As every reader will sympathise with such expressions of feeling, I do
+not hesitate to transcribe some touching verses which he wrote at this
+season of sorrow, and which, with a few others, he had privately printed,
+and given in his lifetime to two or three of his very closest friends.
+These others will be found in the appendix. [Footnote: Appendix IV.]
+
+         _Sancta Mater, istud agas,
+         Crucifixi fige plagas,
+             Cordi meo validè._
+
+               CHRISTMAS, 1858.
+
+      My babes, why were you born,
+      Since in life's early morn
+    Death overtook you, and, before
+  I could half love you, you were mine no more?
+
+      Walter, my own bright boy,
+      Hailed as the hope and joy
+    Of those who told thy grandsire's fame,
+  And looking, loved thee, even for thy name;
+
+      And thou, my Margaret dear,
+      Come as if sent to cheer
+    A widowed heart, ye both have fled,
+  And, life scarce tasted, lie among the dead!
+
+      Then, oh! why were you born?
+      Was it to make forlorn
+    A father who had happier been
+  If your sweet infant smiles he ne'er had seen?
+
+      Was it for this you came?
+      Dare I for you to blame
+    The God who gave and took again,
+  As though my joy was sent but to increase my pain?
+
+      Oh no! of Christmas bells
+      The cheerful music tells
+    Why you were born, and why you died,
+  And for my doubting doth me gently chide.
+
+      The infant Christ, who lay
+      On Mary's breast to-day,
+    Was He not born for you to die,
+  And you to bear your Saviour company?
+
+      Then stay not by the grave,
+      My heart, but up, and crave
+    Leave to rejoice, and hear the song
+  Of infant Jesus and His happy throng.
+
+      That wondrous throng, on earth
+      So feeble from its birth,
+    Which little thought, and little knew,
+  Now hath both God and man within its view!
+
+      Yes, you were born to die;
+      Then shall I grudging sigh
+    Because to you are sooner given
+  The crown, the palm, the angel joy of heaven?
+
+      Rather, O Lord, bestow
+      On me the grace to bow,
+    Childlike, to Thee, and since above
+  Thou keep'st my treasures, there to keep my love.
+
+It is scarcely necessary to say that one of the friends to whom Mr. Hope-
+Scott sent these verses on his family losses of 1858 was Dr. Newman. The
+note in which his friend acknowledged the precious gift witnesses to the
+intimacy of their friendship in as striking a manner as any I have been
+enabled to make use of:--
+
+_The Very Rev. Dr. Newman to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.G._
+
+The Oratory, Birmingham: October 1, 1860.
+
+My dear Hope-Scott,--I value extremely the present you have made me; first
+of all for its own sake, as deepening, by the view which it gives me of
+yourself, the affection and the reverence which I feel towards you.
+
+And next I feel your kindness in thus letting me see your intimate
+thoughts; and I rejoice to know that, in spite of our being so divided one
+from another, as I certainly do not forget you, so you are not unmindful of
+me.
+
+The march of time is very solemn now--the year seems strewn with losses;
+and to hear from you is like hearing the voice of a friend on a field of
+battle.
+
+I am surprised to find you in London now. For myself, I have not quitted
+this place, or seen London, since last May year, when I was there for a few
+hours, and called on Badeley.
+
+If he is in town, say to him everything kind from me when you see him.
+
+Ever yours affectionately,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN,
+
+Of the Oratory.
+
+James B. Hope-Scott, Esq.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1859-1870.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's Return to his Profession--Second Marriage--Lady Victoria
+Howard--Mr. Hope-Scott at Hyères--Portraits of Mr. Hope-Scott--
+Miscellaneous Recollections--Mr. Hope-Scott in the Highlands--Ways of
+Building--Story of Second-sight at Lochshiel.
+
+
+The last of the poems in the little collection which is elsewhere given,
+evidently belongs to a time when Mr. Hope-Scott had regained his
+tranquillity, and was about to resume, like a wise and brave man, the
+ordinary duties of his profession. After his great affliction he had
+interrupted them for a whole year, first staying for some time at Arundel
+Castle, and then residing at Tours with his brother-in-law and sister, Lord
+and Lady Henry Kerr. To those readers who expect that every life which
+approaches in any way an exalted and ideal type must necessarily conform to
+the rules of romance, it may appear strange that Mr. Hope-Scott did not
+remain a widower for any great length of time. But in truth the same
+motives which led him to return to the Bar, notwithstanding the
+overwhelming calamity he had sustained, might also have led him again to
+enter the married state; or rather, if under other circumstances he would
+have thought it right to do so, would not have interposed any insuperable
+obstacle against it now.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott, soon after his conversion, had become acquainted with Henry
+Granville, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, afterwards Duke of Norfolk. They had
+first met, I believe, at Tunbridge Wells, where, on October 2, 1852, was
+born Mr. Hope-Scott's daughter Mary Monica (now the Hon. Mrs. Maxwell-
+Scott), at whose baptism Lady Arundel and Surrey acted as proxy for the
+Dowager Lady Lothian. The acquaintance had very soon developed into an
+intimate and confidential friendship, which by this time had become still
+closer, from the fear which was beginning to be felt that the Duke's life,
+so precious to his family and to the Catholic world in general, was fast
+drawing to its early termination. To the Duke, therefore, and to his
+family, it was but natural for Mr. Hope-Scott to turn for comfort in his
+extreme need. In such times sympathy soon deepens into affection, and thus
+it was that an attachment sprang up between Mr. Hope-Scott and the Duke's
+eldest daughter, Lady Victoria Fitzalan Howard. This was towards the end of
+1860. The Duke was then in his last illness, and on November 12 in that
+year the betrothed pair knelt at his bedside to receive his blessing. He
+died on November 25.
+
+Although a notice of great interest might be drawn up from materials before
+me of Lady Victoria herself, and of the sweetness of character and holiness
+of life which so much endeared her to all with whom she was connected; yet
+the time of her departure is still so recent, that I shall better consult
+the feelings and the wishes of surviving friends by merely placing before
+my readers one passage from a letter relating to her. The writer was a nun
+intimately acquainted with her, and describes with great truth and
+simplicity the graces which especially adorned her: 'She was a person to be
+observed and studied; and I do not think... I ever saw her without studying
+her, and consequently without my admiration for her increasing. She was so
+unworldly, so forgetful of self, and, what always struck me most, so
+humble, and striving to screen herself from praise; and humility and self-
+forgetfulness like what she practised, these are the virtues of saints, and
+not of ordinary people.'
+
+The marriage of Mr. Hope-Scott and Lady Victoria Howard was solemnised at
+Arundel on January 7, 1861, and this too, it is needless to add, proved a
+very happy union, though on the side of affliction, in the loss of two
+infants, and in Lady Victoria's early death, it strangely resembled the
+first marriage. Of twin daughters born June 6, 1862, Catherine and Minna-
+Margaret, the first lived for but a few hours. [Footnote: Two more
+daughters, Josephine Mary (born May 1864) and Theresa Anne (born September
+14, 1865), were born before (again, as it were, but for an instant) a son
+was granted; this was Philip James (born April 8, 1868), but who lived only
+till the next day. He was placed beside his sister Catherine in the castle
+vault at Arundel. Mr. Hope-Scott's last and only surviving son is James
+Fitzalan Hope, born December 18, 1870.] There are, however, many days of
+sunshine still to record. Abbotsford and Dorlin, as before, were the chief
+retreats in which Mr. Hope-Scott found repose from the toil and harass of
+his professional life. At Arundel Castle and Norfolk House he and his
+family were, of course, frequent guests. From 1859 it was thought necessary
+that the surviving child of his first marriage should spend every winter in
+a warm climate. Hyères, in the south of France, was selected for this
+purpose, which led to Mr. Hope-Scott's purchasing a property there, the
+Villa Madona, on a beautiful spot near the Boulevard d'Orient. Here he
+spent several winters with his family, in the years 1863-70. He added to
+the property very gradually, bit by bit; first a vineyard, and then an
+oliveyard, as opportunities offered, and indulged over it the same passion
+for improvement which he had displayed at Abbotsford and Dorlin. He took
+the most practical interest in all the culture that makes up a Provençal
+farm, the wine, the oil, the almonds, the figs, not forgetting the fowls
+and the rabbits. He laid out the ground and made a road, set a plantation
+of pines, and adorned the bank of his boulevard with aloes and yuccas and
+eucalyptus--in short, astonished his French neighbours by his perfection of
+taste and regardlessness of expense. He did not, however, build more than a
+bailiff's cottage in the first instance, but rented the Villa Favart in the
+neighbourhood, and amused himself with his estate, intending it for his
+daughter's residence in future years. At his death, however, the French law
+requiring the estate to be shared, it was found necessary to sell it. He
+greatly enjoyed the repose of Hyères, the strolls on the boulevard, and the
+occasional excursions that charming watering-place affords--Pierrefeu, for
+example, and all the beautiful belt of coast region extending between
+Hyères and the Presqu'île. He was also able to enter more into society at
+Hyères than latterly his health and business had permitted in London. One
+of his oldest and most valued friends, the late Serjeant Bellasis, had
+taken the Villa Sainte Cécile in his neighbourhood, and there was a circle
+of the best French families in and around Hyères, whose names must not be
+omitted when we speak of Mr. Hope-Scott's and Lady Victoria's annual
+sojourn in the little capital of the Hesperides. Among these was the late
+Due de Luynes, so well known for his researches into the hydrography of the
+Dead Sea, Count Poniatowski, Madame Duquesne, M. de Butiny, Maire of
+Hyères, M. and Madame de Walmer, and others. Cardinal Newman has noticed,
+what appears also in the correspondence, to how surprising a degree Mr.
+Hope-Scott was consulted by his French neighbours, even in affairs
+belonging to their own law. Whenever there was a difficulty, a sort of
+instinct led people to turn to him for counsel.
+
+As it was at Hyères that I first became acquainted with Mr. Hope-Scott, I
+may introduce into this chapter, perhaps as conveniently as anywhere, such
+personal recollections of him as I can call to mind. They are much more
+scanty than I could wish; still, where the memorials to be collected from
+any sources are but few, and rapidly passing away, surviving friends may be
+glad of the preservation of even these slight notices.
+
+In 1864-5 I had the honour of being entrusted with the tuition of Henry,
+Duke of Norfolk, and, as the Duke spent that winter with his relatives at
+Hyères, I had several opportunities of conversing with Mr. Hope-Scott in
+his domestic circle, as on other occasions afterwards.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott was then in his fifty-third year. He was tall, largely
+built, with massive head, dark hair beginning to turn grey, sanguine,
+embrowned complexion, very dark eyes, fine, soft, yet penetrating. '_Quel
+bel homme! quel homme magnifique_!' the French would exclaim in talking
+of him. In his features might be remarked that indefinable expression which
+belongs to the practised advocate. He had an exceedingly winning smile, an
+harmonious voice, and deliberate utterance. His manners, I need hardly say,
+showed all that simplicity and perfection of good breeding which art may
+simulate, but can never completely attain to.
+
+I am not aware that there is any likeness of Mr. Hope-Scott in his later
+years. There is an excellent one of him about the age of thirty-two,
+painted by Richmond for Lady Davy, and now at Abbotsford, of which an
+engraving was published by Colnaghi. Mr. Lockhart, writing to Mrs. Hope-
+Scott on August 29, 1850, says: 'I called, yesterday at Mr. Richmond's to
+inspect his picture of J. R. H., and was extremely pleased--a capital
+likeness, and a most graceful one.... I am at a loss to say whether I think
+Grant or he has been most lucky--and they are very different too.' I have
+heard that the portrait by Richmond is supposed to represent his expression
+when pleading. Mr. Richmond also drew (in crayon, previously to 1847) two
+others, one for Lady Frances Hope, subsequently given to the Hon. Mrs. G.
+W. Hope, and another for Mr. Badeley, after whose decease it was given by
+Mr. Hope to the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk. There was also a small life-
+portrait, done after his marriage by Mr. Frank Grant, but not thought so
+pleasing a likeness as Richmond's. There is a good bust by Noble at
+Abbotsford, but this was made after his death, by study of casts, &c. It
+might express the age of about thirty-five or forty.
+
+In his hospitality Mr. Hope-Scott showed great kindness and thoughtfulness.
+One day, for example, he would invite to dinner the curé of Hyères and his
+clergy; on another occasion, a young lady having become engaged, a party
+must be given in her honour; or an English prelate passes Hyères on his way
+home, and must be entertained. He was very attentive to guests, took pains
+to make people feel at their ease, and dispensed with unnecessary
+formality, but not with such usages as have their motive in a courteous
+consideration for others. Thus, when there were French guests, he was
+particular in exacting the observance of the rule that the English present
+should talk to each other, as well as to the strangers, in French. He had a
+thorough colloquial knowledge of the French language, marked not so much by
+any French mannerism, of which there was little, as by a ready command of
+the vocabulary of special subjects--for instance, agriculture.
+
+In society Mr. Hope-Scott's table-talk was highly agreeable. There was,
+however, a certain air of languor about him, caused partly by failing
+health, but far more, no doubt, by that 'softened remembrance of sorrow and
+pain' which my readers can by this time understand better than any of those
+who then surrounded him. His conversation, therefore, when the duty of
+entertaining his guests did not require him to exert himself, was liable to
+lapse into silence. Some people seem to think it a duty to break a dead
+silence at any price; but this, in Mr. Hope-Scott's opinion, was not always
+to be followed as a rule of etiquette; so, at least, I have heard.
+
+I cannot remember that he showed any great interest in politics. He told me
+that he seldom read the leading articles of the 'Times,' which he thought
+had little influence on public events. I can, however, recall an
+interesting conversation on the social state of France, of which he took a
+very melancholy view; and again, in 1870, when he pronounced decisively
+against the chances of the permanent establishment of the Commune, on the
+ground of the total change in the condition of Europe since the Middle
+Ages--the old Italian republics having been alleged in favour of the
+former.
+
+His conversation seldom turned upon general literature, and at the time I
+knew him he had given up the 'bibliomania.' His favourite line of reading,
+for his own amusement, seemed to be glossaries, such as those of the
+Provençal dialect, and the archaeology of Hyères, on which a friend of his,
+the late M. Denis, had written an interesting volume. Le Play's elaborate
+treatise, 'La Réforme Sociale,' strongly attracted his attention. He was
+fond of statistical works, such as the 'Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes,'
+a little compilation bristling with facts. He greatly cherished, as might
+be expected, the memory of Sir Walter Scott; and, had his life been
+prolonged, would probably have done more for it than the republication of
+the abridgment of Lockhart's Life. I recollect his mentioning that there
+were in his hands unpublished MSS. of Sir Walter's which would furnish
+materials for a volume. [Footnote: In a letter to Lord Henry Kerr, dated
+'Norfolk House, London, S.W., July 6, 1867,' Mr. Hope-Scott says:--
+
+'I have, because everybody seemed to think I must, become a purchaser to-
+day of some of Sir Walter's MSS., viz. _Rokeby, Lord of the Isles_,
+_Anne of Geierstein_, and a volume of fragments of _Waverley,
+Ivanhoe, &c._ I am ashamed to say what they cost, but the _Lady of the
+Lake_ alone cost _another_ purchaser more than half what I paid for
+the four, and I can hardly say that it was to please myself that I bought
+at all.'] 'What he chiefly valued in the character of Sir Walter Scott
+(remarks a correspondent) was his _manliness_. I noticed that when Sir
+Walter was praised, Mr. Hope-Scott always spoke of his manliness.' These
+observations may somewhat qualify the impression of an intimate friend of
+his later years, by whom I have been told that Mr. Hope-Scott 'hardly
+opened a book, read scarcely at all, though he seemed to know about books.'
+He certainly could not, in the ordinary sense of the word, be called a
+literary man; but the active part of his life was far too busy for study,
+unless study had been a passion with him; and towards its close the state
+of his health made reading impossible.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott very rarely made mention of himself, and his conversation
+accordingly supplied little or no biographical incident. Yet I have heard
+him allude, more than once, to his intimacy with Mr. Gladstone. 'They had
+been,' he said, 'like brothers;' and he spoke also with pleasure of visits
+to the house of Sir John Gladstone, from whom he thought the Premier had
+derived much of his _back_.
+
+Everything that I saw or heard of Mr. Hope-Scott conveyed the impression
+that he always acted on a plan and an idea; but this is so evident from
+what I have already related of him, that I am unwilling to add trivial
+anecdotes in its illustration. That tenderness of heart of which such ample
+proof has also been given, I recollect once coming curiously out in a
+chance expression. 'If a man wants to cry,' said Mr. Hope-Scott, '_let
+him read the Police Reports_, or (checking himself with that humour by
+which deep feeling is often veiled) take a cup of coffee!'
+
+He was a thoroughly kind friend in this way, that, unasked, he thought of
+openings which might be available, and, without offering direct advice,
+threw out, as if incidentally, useful hints. In giving advice, he applied
+his mind to the subject; and a small matter, such as the interpretation of
+a route in _Bradshaw_, received as complete consideration, as far as
+was needed, as he could have given to the most difficult case submitted by
+a client.
+
+As to his religious habits, I only had the opportunity of remarking his
+regularity in attending mass. I recollect, too, that he was anxious that
+one in whom he took an interest should not leave Hyères without visiting a
+favourite place of pilgrimage in the vicinity called L'Ermitage, and heard
+with pleasure that St. Paul's, in the upper town, had not been forgotten--a
+church where St. Louis heard mass before setting out on his crusade, and
+which rivals the Hermitage as a resort of popular devotion.
+
+I now throw together a few scattered recollections communicated to me by
+friends, for which I have not been able to find a place elsewhere.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott often talked of Merton College; he used to compare his
+affection for it to that felt for a wife.
+
+In his professional habits of mind he was a contrast in one respect to his
+friend Mr. John Talbot. The latter (as he himself once remarked) was always
+anxious about a case, and a failure was a great blow to him; but Mr. Hope-
+Scott, on the other hand, did the best he could, and if he failed, he
+failed; but he did not allow _that_ to wear him out. He always met the
+thing in the face, never _mourned_ over it.
+
+He never gave way to small troubles; yet he was not a calm person by
+nature, but by self-command.
+
+The only occasion on which I ever knew Mr. Hope put out (said a friend who
+knew him well) was when one of his fellow-counsel, whom he had endeavoured
+to supply with a complete answer to the whole difficulty in an important
+case, made a mess of it. 'How hard it is,' said Mr. Hope, 'to sit by and
+listen to a man speaking on one's side, and _always_ missing the
+point!'
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott was a man _run away with by good sense_. He had great
+playfulness of character (by no means inconsistent with the last trait),
+and was especially addicted to punning. A constant fire of puns was kept up
+when he, Bishop Grant, and Mr. Badeley were together, though the Bishop
+always sought a moral purpose in his jesting.
+
+After having heard Mr. Hope-Scott's and Mr. Serjeant Wrangham's arguments
+on the Thames Watermen and Lightermen's Bill (1859), the chairman of the
+committee said: 'Mr. Hope-Scott, the committee have three courses--either
+to throw the bill out, to pass it in its entirety, or to pass it with
+alterations. Therefore we shall be glad if counsel will retire.' After
+waiting for half an hour, the door opened. Mr. Hope-Scott said to Serjeant
+Wrangham: 'Come along, Serjeant; now that they have disposed of their three
+courses, we shall have our _dessert_.'
+
+A speech of his at the Galashiels Mechanics' Institute gave great amusement
+at the time: 'I am a worker like you,' he said; 'my head is the
+_mill_, my tongue is the _clapper_, and I _spin long yarns_.'
+
+Once, after signing a good many cheques in charity matters, he said, 'They
+talk of hewers of wood and drawers of water; but I think I must be called
+_a drawer of cheques_.'
+
+He was highly genial with everybody, and even in reproving his servants
+would mingle it with humour.
+
+The last of Sir Walter Scott's old servants, John Swanston the forester
+(often mentioned in _Lockhart_), seemed rather shocked when Mr. Hope-
+Scott's son and heir was named Michael; upon which Mr. Hope-Scott said to
+him playfully: 'Ye mauna forget, John, that there was an Archangel before
+there was a Wizard; and besides, the Michael called the Wizard was, in
+truth, a very good and holy Divine.'
+
+With servants Mr. Hope-Scott was very popular. He took great interest in
+people, taking them up, forwarding their views, advising, protecting, even
+interfering.
+
+He was very fond of children, and they of him. The presence of 'Uncle Jim'
+was the signal for fun with his little nephews and nieces: but the case was
+different with young people; they rather stood in awe of him (but another
+informant thinks these were the exceptions).
+
+He abhorred gossip and spreading of tittle-tattle; avoided speaking before
+servants, or any one who would retail what was said. When there was any
+danger of this, he relapsed into total silence; and was, indeed, on some
+occasions over-cautious. He especially avoided talking of his good deeds,
+or of himself generally. He was singularly reserved; not by nature, but
+from his long habituation to be the depositary of important secrets. Sir
+Thomas Acland worked a good deal with him in Puseyite days. 'Tell me what
+my brother is about,' asked Lady H. K. 'I cannot tell,' was the reply; 'he
+is a well too deep to get at.'
+
+He had a determined will, though affectionate and kind-hearted. When
+entertaining guests, he made all the plans day by day; used to lay out the
+day for them, seeing what could be done, though he might not himself be
+well enough to join the party.
+
+He was extremely systematic in his habits, paid for everything by cheques;
+and used to preserve even notes of invitation, cards of visitors, and the
+envelopes of letters. [Footnote: I recollect the great importance he
+attached to them as dates, and his regret at the change from the old method
+of folded sheets.--W. E. G.]
+
+Yet he had not punctuality naturally; he _drilled_ himself to it. Nor
+was he naturally particular, but, when married, became over-particular.
+
+He had great kindness and tact, and was always kind in the right way. He
+was once seen, as a lad, flying to open a gate for perhaps the most
+disgusting person in the parish.
+
+It was a feature in his life's history to keep up intimacies for a certain
+number of years; the intercourse ceased, but not friendliness.
+
+'In giving me an explanation of the mass before I was received into the
+Church, I remember' (said a near relative of his) 'his saying that he
+delighted especially in the _Domine, non sum dignus_. "It is to me [he
+remarked] the most beautiful adaptation of Scripture."'
+
+In discussing religion with Presbyterians, he was fond of asserting the
+truth, 'I, too, am a _Bible Christian_.'
+
+In conversation once chancing to turn on the subject of one's being able to
+judge of character and conduct by looking at people in the street, Mr.
+Hope-Scott remarked: 'Yes, if you saw a novice of the Jesuits taking a
+walk, you would see what that means.'
+
+The following more detailed recollections appear to deserve a place by
+themselves:--
+
+When residing on his Highland property at Lochshiel, Mr. Hope-Scott
+personally acquainted himself with his smaller tenantry, and entered into
+all their history, going about with a keeper known by the name of 'Black
+John,' who acted as his Gaelic interpreter. His frank and kindly manners
+quite won their hearts. Sometimes he would ask his guests to accompany him
+on such visits, and make them observe the peculiarities of the Celtic
+character. On one of these occasions he and the late Duke of Norfolk went
+to visit an old peasant who was blind and bedridden. After the usual
+greetings, they were both considerably astonished to hear the old man
+exclaim, in great excitement: 'But tell me, how is Schamyl getting on?' It
+was long after the Circassian chief had been captured; but his exploits
+were still clinging to the old Highlander's imagination, full of sympathy
+for warfare and politics. The natural ease and politeness of the Highland
+manners in this class, as contrasted with the rougher type of the Lowlands,
+used always to delight Mr. Hope-Scott. Over and over again, after the
+ladies had withdrawn from the dinner-table, he would send for a keeper, or
+a gillie, or a boatman, and ply them with plausible questions, that his
+guests might have the opportunity of witnessing the good breeding of the
+Highlands. John, or Ronald, or Duncan, or whoever it might be, would stand
+a few yards away from the table, and, bonnet in hand, reply with perfect
+deference and self-possession, his whole behaviour free, on the one hand,
+from servility, and on the other, from the slightest forwardness. As will
+readily be supposed, the interview commonly ended with a dram from the
+laird's own hand.
+
+In one respect he was very strict with his people. He never would tolerate
+the slightest interference on their part with the rights of property. Some
+of them were in the habit of presuming on the laird's permission, and
+helping themselves--no leave asked--to an oar, or a rope, or any implement
+which they chanced to stand in need of, belonging to the home farm. They
+indeed brought back these articles when done with; but Mr. Hope-Scott ever
+insisted they should be _asked for_, and would not accept the excuse
+that the things were taken without leave in order to save him the trouble
+of being asked. He was very severe in repressing drunkenness and
+dissipation, though no one was readier to make allowance for a little extra
+merriment on market days and festive gatherings.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's chief source of relaxation and pleasure, when he could
+escape from his professional duties, was building. In this amusement he
+followed his own ideas, sifting the plans of architects with the most rigid
+scrutiny, and never hesitating to alter, and sometimes to pull to pieces,
+what it had cost hours of hard brain-work to devise. No amount of entreaty
+could extort his consent to what did not commend itself as clear and
+faultless to his understanding. It might not be a very agreeable process to
+some of those concerned, but the result was generally satisfactory to the
+one who had a right to be the most interested. As for contractors, he
+latterly abjured them altogether; and Dorlin House was commenced and
+brought to completion under the management of a clerk of the works in whom
+he had great confidence. In the kindred pursuit of planting (as has already
+been noticed) Mr. Hope-Scott also took great interest, and the young
+plantations which now adorn the neighbourhood of Dorlin are the result of
+his care.
+
+Strong-minded lawyer as he was, he had a firm belief in second-sight. One
+case in particular, which occurred in his immediate vicinity, is remembered
+to have made a deep impression on his mind. The facts were these: One
+Sunday, shortly before Mr. Hope-Scott came to Lochshiel, it happened,
+during service in a small country chapel close to the present site of
+Dorlin House, that one of the congregation fainted, and had to be carried
+out. After the service was over, the late Mr. Stewart, proprietor of
+Glenuig, asked this man what was the cause of his illness. For a long time
+he refused to tell, but at length, being pressed more urgently, declared
+that, of the four men who were sitting on the bench before him, three
+suddenly appeared to alter in every feature, and to be transported to other
+places. One seemed to float, face upwards, on the surface of the sea;
+another lay entangled among the long loose seaweed of the shore; and the
+third lay stretched on the beach, completely covered with a white sheet.
+This sight brought on the fainting fit. Somehow the story got abroad, and
+the consequence was, that the fourth individual, who did not enter into the
+vision at all, passed, in the course of the next four months, into a state
+verging on helpless idiocy, from the fear that he was among the doomed.
+But, strange to tell, the three men who were the subjects of the warning
+were drowned together, a few months later on, when crossing an arm of the
+sea not far from the hamlet in which they dwelt. One of the bodies was
+found floating, as described above. Another was washed ashore on a sandy
+part of the coast, and, on being found, was covered with a sheet supplied
+by a farmer's family living close to the spot. The third was discovered at
+low water, half buried under a mass of seaweed and shingle. The fourth, who
+had survived to lose his senses, as we have said, died only two years ago.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1867-1869.
+
+Visit of Queen Victoria to Abbotsford in 1867--Mr. Hope-Scott's
+Improvements at Abbotsford--Mr. Hope-Scott's Politics--Toryism in Early
+Life--Constitutional Conservatism--Mr. Hope-Scott as an Irish and a
+Highland Proprietor--Correspondence on Politics with Mr. Gladstone, and
+with Lord Henry Kerr in 1868--Speech at Arundel in 1869.
+
+
+Towards the end of August 1867, her Majesty Queen Victoria, visiting the
+Duke and Duchess of Roxburghe, at Floors Castle, was received with great
+rejoicings at the various Scottish border towns on the Waverley route from
+Carlisle to Kelso. On this occasion her Majesty honoured Mr. and Lady
+Victoria Hope-Scott by calling at Abbotsford. The newspapers of the day
+contain copious narratives of the tour, otherwise unimportant for our
+present purpose. The following account is taken from the 'Daily Telegraph'
+of August 24, with a few additional particulars introduced from the 'Border
+Advertiser' of August 23, 1867, the former journal supplying details of
+much interest relating to Mr. Hope-Scott's improvements at Abbotsford. I
+have shortened the original, and made some slight alterations in it:--
+
+Her Majesty visited Melrose and Abbotsford on Thursday, August 22, with
+Princess Louise, Prince and Princess Christian, the Duke and Duchess of
+Roxburghe, and the Duke of Buccleuch. The Queen having viewed Melrose
+Abbey, Mr. Hope-Scott and his family were honoured, later in the day, by
+her Majesty's presence at Abbotsford, which was reached shortly after six
+o'clock. In the fields in front of the lodge, and for a great distance
+along the road, was a great concourse of people, many of whom had waited
+for hours, and vehement cheering rang through the Abbotsford woods.
+
+Many alterations and additions had been made to the Abbotsford of Sir
+Walter during Mr. Hope-Scott's nineteen years' possession of the place. In
+the lifetime of the Great Magician, the ground on which he fixed his abode
+was nearly on a level with the highway running along the south front; and
+wayfarers could survey the whole domain by looking over the hedge. Mr.
+Hope-Scott, twelve years ago or more (1855), threw up a high embankment on
+the road front of Abbotsford, and it is from this steep grassy mound that
+one of the best views may be had. The long, regular slope, steep near the
+level top where laurels are planted, is a beautiful bank from end to end,
+being well timbered with a rich variety of trees, among others the silver
+birch, the oak, the elm, the beech, the plane, and the good old Scotch fir;
+and being, moreover, naturally favourable to the wild flora of the
+district, especially to the bluebell and forget-me-not. The wild strawberry
+also is in great abundance, with its sweet, round little beads of fruit
+dotting the green. The square courtyard of the house is planned as a
+garden, with clipped yews at the corners of the ornamental plots of grass,
+and with beds all ablaze with summer flowers, a brilliant pink annual
+making a peculiarly fine appearance by well-arranged contrast with the
+sober greys of an edging of foliage plants. On one side of the courtyard is
+a postern, which was thrown open when the royal cavalcade had entered the
+grounds by the lodge gate. The opposite flank of the quadrangle is a kind
+of ornamental palisade, or open screen of Gothic stonework, the spaces of
+which are filled up by iron railings. This palisade divides the courtyard
+from the pleasure-gardens, which are well laid out, and bordered with
+greenhouses. The porch was beautifully decorated with rows of ferns along
+the margin of the passage, and behind the ferns were magnificent fuchsias
+rising to the roof, and mingled with other choice and rare flowers. The
+floors of the porch and other rooms were covered with crimson cloth, but
+beyond that, and the addition of vases of flowers, 'Sir Walter's Rooms'
+were in the same condition in which they have been witnessed by the many
+thousands drawn thither from every civilised country in the world.
+
+Her Majesty was received by Mr. Hope-Scott, Lady Victoria Hope-Scott, and
+Miss Hope-Scott, Lord and Lady Henry Kerr, Miss Kerr, and Miss Mackenzie.
+Mr. Hope-Scott bowed to the Queen, and led the way to the drawing-room,
+where a few minutes were passed. Her Majesty then in succession passed
+through Sir Walter's library, study, hall, and armoury, and viewed with
+great interest all these memorials. The royal party then proceeded to the
+dining-room, where fruits, ices, and other refreshments had been prepared,
+but her Majesty partook only of a cup of tea and 'Selkirk bannock.' When
+the Queen was passing through 'Sir Walter's library,' some photographic
+views of Abbotsford, which had been taken recently by Mr. Horsburgh of
+Edinburgh, attracted her attention, and she graciously acceded to the
+request of Mr. Hope-Scott that her Majesty might be pleased to accept of a
+set of the photographs. Her Majesty expressed to Mr. Hope-Scott the great
+pleasure she had experienced in visiting what had been the residence of Sir
+Walter Scott. The Queen and suite then entered their carriages, and left
+Abbotsford about seven o'clock. The day was not so bright as the preceding
+one; but the little rain which fell, just as her Majesty had got under the
+shelter of the historical roof, did not spoil the holiday which some
+thousands of people from Galashiels, Hawick, Kelso, Berwick, and Edinburgh
+had been bent on making.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott, in a letter to Mr. Badeley of August 23, 1867, gives a
+brief description of the Queen's visit, concluding as follows:--
+
+'Throughout her visit, her Majesty was most gracious and kind, and her
+conduct to Mamo was quite touching.
+
+She showed a great deal of interest in the place and the principal
+curiosities, looked remarkably well and active, and, I am told, is much
+pleased with the reception she has met with on the Border.'
+
+The political aspects of Mr. Hope-Scott's character, on which it is now
+time that we should enter, do not require any very extended discussion. His
+opinions and feelings were Conservative in the constitutional sense, and in
+his early years seem to have gone a good deal further. It is perhaps
+scarcely fair to bring evidence from the correspondence of youths of
+nineteen, but Mr. Leader tells him (November 3, 1831): 'The latter part of
+your letter is an admirable specimen of Tory liberality and Tory
+argument.... What! are all Radicals fools or knaves, and all Conservatives
+honest or intelligent?... _Absint hæ ineptiæ pæne aniles_.' A few
+years later the Thun correspondence, though only affording incidental
+references to Mr. Hope's own letters, shows clearly that, like 'young
+Oxford' of that date and long afterwards, he adopted Tory views as
+deductions from Scripture, and as the political side of religion. Thus
+Count Leo Thun writing to Mr. Hope on December 14, 1834, says: 'We both
+agree in the first principles; I copy your own words: "Everything we do is
+to be done in the name of the Lord: admitting this, it is evident that the
+_principle_ on which we are to act with regard to politics is to be
+derived from the Scriptures."' The future Austrian statesman, however,
+declares that he cannot find in the Scriptures 'that blind and passive
+obedience' which his friend requires, and enters at considerable length
+into the question, controverting the application which the latter had made
+of certain passages. Again pass on a few years, and we find Mr. Hope
+writing to Mr. Badeley (it is the first letter in that collection), January
+12, 1838: 'I have managed to read Pusey's sermon, in which there is nothing
+that I am disposed to quarrel with. The origin of civil government used
+long ago to be a favourite subject of inquiry with me; and I had long been
+convinced of the absurdity of any but the patriarchal scheme. Aristotle,
+the most sensible man, perhaps, who ever lived, came to the same conclusion
+without the aid of revelation.'
+
+These views sustained practically some modification as time went on.
+Toryism, in its _historical_ sense, could never be the political creed
+of a mind on which the Church of England had lost its hold. This begins to
+appear in a speech made by him at an early date, without preparation
+indeed, but not carelessly spoken. On the occasion of the ceremony for
+turning the first sod for the Sheffield and Huddersfield Railway (August
+29, 1845), Mr. Hope said:--
+
+If you lived under a despotic government, you would have lines made without
+reference to your local wants, and perhaps from visionary views of public
+advantage, but without reference to your private interests. It would be the
+same if a democratic body were to govern. In the one case you would be
+subject to the dictates of the imperial office; in the other, to the votes
+of a turbulent assemblage; but in neither case would there be that mixed
+regard to public justice and private interests which are combined in an
+efficient system. I dare say we [railway lawyers] are troublesome, but we
+belong to a system which has in it great elements of constitutional
+principle, which combines a regard for the public interest, and for private
+rights, with that free spirit which enterprises of this nature require in a
+great commercial country. [Footnote: _Sheffield and Rotherham
+Independent_, August 30, 1845.]
+
+In the letter to Mr. Gladstone, of December 9, 1847 (quoted p. 78), we
+perceive an uncertain, sea-sick tone, the sadness natural to a mind not yet
+sure of its course. Very different is the buoyancy that breathes in Mr.
+Hope-Scott's remarks, ten years later, on the rivalry between Manchester
+and Liverpool, in his speech on the Mersey Conservancy and Docks Bill
+(quoted p. 115), though that, perhaps, is too rhetorical for us to found an
+argument upon. It will be more to the purpose here if I give an extract
+from a letter which he had written that same year, as an Irish proprietor,
+on the eve of a contested election, to the agent for his estates in co.
+Mayo, Joseph J. Blake, Esq., at Castlebar. It will show the wise and kindly
+spirit in which he dealt with his people, as well as the reference to the
+interests of Catholicity which now governed his politics:--
+
+As to the election for the county of Mayo, I am in considerable ignorance
+about the state of parties in that particular part of Ireland. I may state,
+however, that I should myself prefer the candidate who is the most sincere
+friend of the Catholic Church, and most disposed to take a calm and careful
+view of the questions which most affect the interests of the Irish people--
+say Tenant Right, for instance, in which I think something should be done,
+but perhaps not so much as the more noisy promoters of it insist on. I do
+not, however, wish to influence my tenants more decidedly than by letting
+them know my general feelings on these subjects. (March 25, 1857.)
+
+The question here involved, which has very recently ripened into
+difficulties so formidable as far as regards Ireland, also affected at the
+time, as it still affects, the state of property in the Western Highlands,
+where it seems to have interfered a good deal with Mr. Hope-Scott's efforts
+to raise the condition of his tenantry. He urged on them the necessity of
+cultivating more of the waste land which stretched for miles before their
+doors, but they never took kindly to this task. No rent was to be demanded
+for the reclaimed lands, and they were promised compensation if called upon
+to give them up at any future year. They were perfectly convinced of Mr.
+Hope-Scott's sincerity, but were unwilling to enter into these schemes of
+amelioration without the security of possession guaranteed by leases.
+[Footnote: Further details of Mr. Hope-Scott's relations with his Highland
+tenants will he found in chap. xxvi. See also chap. xxiv. pp. 171, 172 in
+this vol. as affording some indirect illustration.] My office not being
+that of the political economist, it is unnecessary to enlarge on the
+subject, especially as the following important letter of Mr. Hope-Scott
+himself will enable the reader to judge of the reasons upon which he
+acted:--
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P._
+
+(_Private_.) Abbotsford: Oct. 28, 1868.
+
+Dear Gladstone,--As you are kind enough to care for my political ideas, I
+will try to describe them.
+
+Born and bred a Tory and a Protestant, I have discarded both the creeds of
+my youth. But with this difference in the result: in religion I have found
+sure anchorage; in politics I am still adrift.
+
+Had the followers of Sir Robert Peel been able to found a permanent party,
+my case would probably have been different. But death took many of them,
+and the rest are scattered.
+
+Of the two great parties now forming on the ruins of the old ones, that
+which you lead has a claim upon me for the work of justice
+[disestablishment of the Irish Church] which it has undertaken, and which
+the other seeks to frustrate. But, nevertheless, this work is to me no test
+of the abiding principles of the party. In you I acknowledge the promotion
+of it to be a sign of honesty and courage which few can better appreciate
+than myself; and I know that you mean it as a pledge of steady advancement
+in the same path. But amongst those who act with you there are many minds
+of a very different stamp.
+
+A few words will bring out my views.
+
+Speaking logically, justice to the Catholic people of Ireland means, if it
+means anything, the undoing of the Reformation, the replacing of the Church
+of the great majority in the position from which it has been unjustly
+removed.
+
+But had you proposed this, or anything savouring of this, you know that
+your followers would have been few indeed; and that you have been able
+wholly to avoid such a danger for yourself, and even to turn it against
+your political opponents, has arisen chiefly from the moderation and wisdom
+of the Catholic clergy.
+
+By their acquiescence in a mere disestablishment you got so far rid of the
+fear of Popery as to give scope to the voluntary principles of ultra-
+Protestantism, and, as a consequence, many now support you upon grounds so
+wholly different from your own, that, when the assault is over, and the
+stronghold taken, half your forces may disappear from the field, or remain
+only to rebel against your next movement.
+
+This, then, is the reason why, seeking for a party, I cannot accept the
+present action against the Irish establishment as materially affecting my
+choice; but I must add that the Church question does not, in point of
+statesmanship, appear to me to be either the most important or the most
+difficult of the Irish questions.
+
+That of Land Tenure exercises a wider influence among the people, and calls
+for a higher science of government.
+
+Now, upon this most difficult and most delicate subject, there are
+prominent men among your supporters who have put forth views which I am
+forced to call in the highest degree crude, if not extravagant.
+
+The law of demand and supply renders one class dependent upon another to an
+extent little short of slavery, not only in contracts for land in Ireland,
+but in all questions which, in free countries, turn upon the possession by
+one man of what another cannot or will not do without. The scale of wages
+of the agricultural labourers in some counties in England, and the rates
+paid for the worst lodgings by the poorest classes in our large towns, are
+full of the same meaning as the difficulties of the Irish tenant farmer.
+
+But, more than this, the Irish land question itself is not exclusively
+Irish. It is to be found also, smaller of course in extent, but identical
+in its main features and in some of its worst consequences, in the West
+Highlands of Scotland; and I, who am a proprietor in both countries, can
+hardly be expected to put much trust in the political physicians who, to
+cure a disease in Mayo or Galway, propound remedies the first principles of
+which they would deem inapplicable to the same disorder in Argyle or
+Inverness.
+
+That I am hopeless of any reasonable mode of relief being found, I will not
+say; but, if it is to be safe, it certainly cannot be speedy; and if it is
+to be permanent, it must depend upon a change in the habits of a race
+rather than upon a new distribution of landed property by Parliament.
+
+And now, turning from Irish to general policy, I profess that I accept your
+principles of finance and commerce with entire satisfaction, and with a
+confidence in your power of applying them which I give to no other man.
+
+I enter heartily also into your schemes for the material improvement of the
+labouring classes, and admire the wisdom as well as the kindness of what
+you have done.
+
+With regard to the Franchise, I have no fear of Household Suffrage, and I
+prefer it to the more limited measure which you formerly advocated, because
+it brings into play a greater variety of interests; and, if it is liable to
+the objection that it gives votes to the ignorant and the profligate, I
+answer that your bill would have bestowed still greater, because more
+exclusive and more concentrated power, upon a class which comprises not
+only the Lancashire operative, but the Sheffield rattener.
+
+Moreover, I believe that all which is worth defending in our social and
+political state in England and Scotland, has better guarantees in the
+spirit of the people than in any provision of the law. When Talleyrand said
+that England was the most aristocratic country in the world, because there
+was scarcely any one in it who did not look down on somebody else, he
+touched the keystone of our society. I have already met with amusing
+instances of the effect on Scotch middle-class Liberals of the recent
+enfranchisement of those below them; and my conviction is, that the more
+you widen the base, the more closely will you bind the superstructure
+together.
+
+What I fear more than democracy is the strife between capital and skilled
+labour. This appears to me to be among the most pressing questions of the
+day, and I shall think well of the statesman, whoever he may be, who, with
+a just but firm hand, shall regulate the relations of these forces.
+
+On Education I hope we are agreed; at any rate, I feel sure that you will
+not intentionally divorce it from religion; but I have yet to learn what
+measure your party would support.
+
+There remains one subject of home policy which with me is paramount. At the
+time when I became a Catholic the so-called Papal Aggression was the great
+topic of the day; and while the ignorance and violence of the majority,
+both in and out of Parliament, greatly assisted my conversion, the steady
+reason and justice of Lord Aberdeen, and of those who, like yourself, acted
+with him, drew from me a greater feeling of respect than I have ever been
+sensible of on any other political occasion, or towards any other political
+men. I felt that they were determined honestly to carry out the principles
+of Catholic emancipation, amidst great popular excitement, and without
+reference even to their personal prejudices, far less to their political
+interests, and I honoured them with no stinted honour.
+
+In the same direction much still remains to be done, and I wonder to myself
+whether you will ever head a party which will venture its political power
+in a contest with county magistrates and parish vestries on behalf of the
+Catholic poor.
+
+I wonder too sometimes, but with less of hope, whether yours will be a
+party which will be content to forego that political propagandism which
+seems chiefly favoured in England when applied to the weaker countries
+which profess the Catholic faith, and which, in those countries, seems to
+impair religion much more than it increases temporal prosperity; and,
+lastly, whether it will have enough moderation to admit that the protection
+of the public law of Europe ought not to be denied to the States of the
+Church, merely because a neighbouring power demands them in the name of
+Italian unity.
+
+Such, my dear Gladstone, are the thoughts of a somewhat indolent, but not
+indifferent observer of what is going on around him. They are put before
+you neither to elicit opinions nor to provoke controversy, but to explain
+how it is that an old friend, who loves and admires you, should withhold
+his support, insignificant as it is, at the very moment when, as the leader
+of a party, you might be thought to have justly earned it.
+
+Yours aff'ly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+The Right Hon'ble W. E. Gladstone, &c. &c. &c.
+
+_The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P. to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C._
+
+
+Hawarden, N.W.: Nov. 1, '68
+
+My dear Hope-Scott,--Everything in your handwriting is pleasant to read,
+and I thank you sincerely for your letter.
+
+     *       *       *      *       *
+
+When I come to the _gros_ of your letter touching politics, I own it
+appears to me that we have a moral title to your serious and even strenuous
+aid.
+
+I hope you will not think my writing to say so a bad compliment, for, as
+far as the value of the aid is concerned, even such as yours, I assure you
+I cannot afford to buy it at the present moment by personal appeals in
+writing.
+
+But you praise _justly_ the 'moderation and wisdom' of the R. C.
+clergy on the question of the hour--why do you not imitate them?
+
+Simply because you cannot trust those who are acting with me in the
+_paulo post futurum_. Is that a sound rule of political action? You
+think much, as I do, of the importance of the Land Question. You see a
+great evil--you do not see any other man with a remedy--you hold off from
+us who made a very moderate proposal in 1866, because eminent men among our
+supporters have made proposals which you think extravagant or crude, and to
+which we have never given any countenance.
+
+Now I will not indulge myself here by going over the many and weighty
+matters in which we are wholly at one; all that you say on them gives me
+lively satisfaction.
+
+I will only, therefore, touch the one subject on which you anticipate
+difficulty as possible--that of political propagandism, meaning the
+temporal power of the Pope: for I do not suppose you mean to censure
+English pleas for civil rights of the United Greeks in Poland against the
+Emperor of Russia, though touching their religion.
+
+I have at all times contended that the Pope as prince ought to have the
+full benefit of the public law of Europe, and have often denied the right
+of the Italian Government to absorb him. But you must know that
+extraordinary doctrines, wholly unknown to public law, have been held and
+acted on for the purpose of maintaining the temporal power. If you keep to
+public law, we _can_ have no differences. If you do not, we may: with
+Abp. Manning I have little doubt we should. But that question is and has
+been for years out of view, and is very unlikely to come into it within any
+short period. Rational cooperation in politics would be at an end if no two
+men might act together until they had satisfied themselves that in no
+possible circumstances could they be divided. Q.E.D.
+
+There in brief is my case, based on yours, and I would submit it to any
+committee you ever spoke before, provided you were not there to bewilder
+them with music of the Sirens.
+
+Now pray think about it. I shall bother you no more. I wish I had time to
+write about the Life of Scott. I may be wrong, but I am vaguely under the
+impression that it has never had a really wide circulation. If so, it is
+the saddest pity; and I should greatly like (without any censure on its
+present length) to see published an abbreviation of it.
+
+With my wife's kindest regards,
+
+Always aff'tely yours,
+
+W. E. GLADSTONE.
+
+J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott, in replying to the above letter of Mr. Gladstone's (under
+date 'Abbotsford, November 4, 1868'), says:--
+
+I fully acknowledge the compliment which you have paid me in writing at
+such length at such a time, and there are some things in your letter which
+I am glad to have had from yourself. But your main argument for action
+fails to convince me. I cannot put 'paulo post futurum' into my pocket, and
+march to the poll. For the present, then, I cannot enlist with you in
+politics, but I can do so heartily in any attempt to extend a knowledge of
+Walter Scott.
+
+The following letters, of the same year, will further illustrate Mr. Hope-
+Scott's view of the Irish disestablishment question, and the independent
+line of politics which he adopted in his closing years:--
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to the Lord Henry Kerr._
+
+Norfolk House, St. James's Square:
+
+March 22, '68.
+
+Dear Henry,--[The Archbishop] thinks that if Gladstone is serious (which he
+and I both believe him to be) about the Irish establishment, he will carry
+his motion, although it seems probable that Disraeli will make it a
+rallying-point, and may even dissolve Parliament if beat. How he is to
+manage the latter operation in the present condition of the Reform Question
+I hardly see....
+
+It is astonishing to find on all sides such proof of the progress of
+opinion in Irish, and I think generally, in Catholic matters. The Fenian
+blister has certainly worked well; but besides that, Ireland and the
+Catholic religion offer the best field for the Liberals, as a party, to
+recover the ground which Disraeli last year ousted them from. Hence it is
+that my two months' absence from England seems to count as years on this
+point. Indeed, Gladstone's great declaration on Monday last is supposed to
+be due to the rapid progress of a few weeks, or even days....
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+JAMES E. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+_The Same to the Same._
+
+Dorlin, Strontian: Sept. 16, '68.
+
+Dear Henry,--... In politics I have taken my line, and have told Curie and
+Erskine that, as at present advised, I do not intend to meddle with either
+Roxburgh or any other election. I trust neither party enough to identify
+myself with either; and while I do not think that the demolition of the
+Irish establishment is enough of a religious question to make me support
+the Liberals, I think it sufficiently so to prevent me siding with the
+Conservatives. On the other matters which you mention, members of both
+political parties seem to be at present free to follow their own
+consciences or interests, but their leaders may at any moment require
+obedience, and in that case I would rather trust the necessary tendency of
+the Liberals than that of the Conservatives on all home questions; and
+foreign policy seems, by accord of all parties, to have now settled into
+non-interference....
+
+Yrs affly,
+
+James R. Hope-Scott.
+
+The Lord Henry Kerr.
+
+In a speech at Arundel, January 5, 1869, perhaps the last Mr. Hope-Scott
+made on a public occasion, he remarked that he did not think the wisest
+thing had been done in remodelling the constituency by simply numbering
+heads. By depriving Arundel of its member, a large interest had been left
+unrepresented--that is, the Catholic interest. An intimate friend of his,
+possessing excellent means of information and judgment, said to me: 'Hope-
+Scott, in his latter years, was not political--not a party man in any
+sense. Indeed, he got into a scrape with the Whigs when the Duke of Norfolk
+voted with the Tories. This much mortified the Whigs, and they complained
+to Hope-Scott of the Duke's line: he said he wished him to be of no party.
+This was his line as a Catholic. Every lawyer, in fact, is Conservative.
+Revolution is against all their theories of government.' This, however, so
+far as it relates to the personal influence exercised by Mr. Hope-Scott,
+must be balanced by the evidence of another friend, also very intimate with
+him, to whom the _late_ Duke of Norfolk, while still traditionally a
+Liberal, had remarked that he thought Conservatives would do more for
+Catholics, and that nothing was to be expected from the Liberals.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1851-1873.
+
+Religious Life of Mr. Hope-Scott--Motives of Conversion--Acceptance of the
+Dogma of Infallibility--The 'Angelus' on the Committee-room Stairs--Faith
+in the Real Presence--Books of Devotion--The Society of Jesus--Letter of
+Mr. Bellasis--Mr. Hope-Scott's Manners--His Generosity--Courage in
+admonishing--Habits of Prayer--Services to Catholicity--Remark of Lord
+Blachford--The Catholic University of Ireland--Cardinal Newman's Dedication
+of his 'University Sketches' to Mr. Hope-Scott--Aid in the Achilli Trial--
+Mr. Badeley's Speech--Charitable Bequests--Westminster Missions--Repeal of
+Titles Act--Statement of Mr. Hope-Scott--Letter to Right Hon. S. Walpole--
+Correspondence with the Duke of Norfolk--Scottish Education Bill, 1869--
+Parliamentary Committee on Convents--Services of Mr. Hope-Scott to
+Catholicity in Legal Advice to Priests and Convents--Other Charities in
+Advice, &c.--Private Charities, their General Character--Probable Amount of
+them--Missions on the Border--Galashiels--Abbotsford--Letter of Père de
+Ravignan, S.J.--Kelso--Letter of Father Taggart--Burning of the Church at
+Kelso--Charge of the Lord Justice-Clerk--Article from the 'Scotsman'--
+Missions in the Western Highlands--Moidart--Mr. Hope-Scott's Purchase of
+Lochshiel--'Road-making'--Dr. Newman's 'Grammar of Assent'--Mr. Hope-
+Scott's Kindness to his Highland Tenants--Builds School and Church at
+Mingarry--Church at Glenuig--Sells Dorlin to Lord Howard of Glossop--Other
+Scottish Missions aided by Mr. Hope-Scott--His Irish Tenantry--His
+Charities at Hyères.
+
+
+The reader has now been enabled to form an opinion of Mr. Hope-Scott's
+character and actions in various aspects. The most important of all--his
+religious life, his services to the Church, and his charities during his
+Catholic period--remain to be reviewed; and that interval appears the most
+natural for making such a survey, which comes just before the time when he
+was visibly approaching the end of his career.
+
+The path by which Mr. Hope-Scott was led to Catholicity has been made
+sufficiently apparent. We have seen that he was principally influenced by
+two reasons, affecting, on the one hand, Church order, and on the other,
+dogma: the Jerusalem Bishopric, which was set up by Anglicans and Lutherans
+together; and the Gorham judgment, which rejected an article of the Creed.
+These reasons were, as he acknowledged, _clenched_ by his disgust at
+the outcry raised against the exercise of Papal authority in the
+institution of the Catholic hierarchy in England; and perhaps the greater
+stress ought to be laid upon this last, as it might have been the less
+expected, because his early ecclesiastical studies, and early contact with
+Catholic society, were certainly not such as could have led him to views
+usually classed as 'ultramontane.' On this head it may be sufficient simply
+to state that, when the time of its promulgation arrived, he rendered,
+without reservation, the homage of his intellect to the exalted dogma of
+Infallibility, which in our days has been welcomed by the whole Catholic
+world from the voice of its Chief Pastor. It is, further, only necessary to
+refer to his political letter to Mr. Gladstone to see that he endeavoured
+to make his influence (often so much more effective than any outward
+agitation) available towards the recovery of the temporal power and the
+rights of the Holy See.
+
+As to his religious habits as a Catholic, every page of this memoir shows,
+or might show, that he was a man of great faith, great earnestness, and the
+most sincere intention to obey the will of God. Yet it must be remembered
+that his duty called him into the very thick of the battle of life from
+morning--till night: whilst so engaged (and it was the case during half the
+year) it was by no means in his power either to attend daily mass or to be
+a frequent communicant, though, at Abbotsford, he would communicate two or
+three times a week. But a little anecdote will serve to prove that he took
+care to place himself in the presence of God in the midst of the busy world
+in which he moved. He told his friend Serjeant Bellasis that he found he
+was just able to say the _Angelus_ in the time he took to mount the
+stairs of the committee-rooms at Westminster. At home he regularly said the
+_Angelus_; as was noticed by persons who accidentally entered his room
+at the hours assigned to it, and used to find him standing to say it.
+
+The one absorbing devotion of his Catholic life was undoubtedly the
+adoration of our blessed Lord in the Sacrament of the altar. Few who have
+seen him in prayer before the Tabernacle could forget his look of intense
+reverence and recollection, the consequence of his strong faith in the Real
+Presence. After the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph, St. Michael was his
+favourite saint; his favourite books of devotion the _Missal_ and the
+_New Testament_; and, among religious orders, he was personally most
+attracted by the _Society of Jesus_, with members of which order we
+have already seen that he was on terms of friendship, even before his
+reception into the Church.
+
+His admiration for the society lasted throughout his life; and for more
+than twenty years together, until the end, I believe that for the direction
+of his conscience it was to the Jesuit Fathers that he always had recourse.
+In private conversations, when expressing the great satisfaction he felt at
+seeing the Society established in Roxburghshire and the Highlands, he often
+said that the Jesuits seemed to him 'like the backbone of religion.' Yet
+this love for the Society never led to any want of hearty appreciation of
+the merits of other Orders, or of the Seculars. Thus he hoped, at one time,
+to see the Dominicans at Galashiels, and showed the greatest regard for the
+Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate, who were for nine years in charge of the
+mission there, while, both in London, and at Abbotsford and Dorlin, the
+Fathers of the Oratory and the Secular clergy were welcome and honoured
+guests. The high value he set upon the Rev. P. Taggart (whom he used to
+call 'the Patriarch of the Border'), and on the hard-worked Highland
+priests, is well remembered. I am here, however, partly anticipating
+another branch of the subject, and shall conclude what I have to say about
+the personally religious aspect of his character by the following letter,
+from a friend who knew him well, and which contains one or two fine
+illustrations of it, and some very interesting general recollections
+also:--
+
+_Mrs. Bellasis to the Hon. Mrs. Maxwell-Scott_.
+
+Villa Ste Cécile: Dec. 31, 1880.
+
+My dear Friend,--You ask me [for] some of those impressions which memory
+gives me of the kindest friend we ever possessed--your excellent father.
+
+Years have rolled on, and yet the intercourse with so striking a person has
+left a remembrance not to be deadened by lapse of time. The noble form--
+that beautiful, intellectual countenance--the kindly tone of voice, so
+encouraging in difficulty, so sympathetic in sorrow, so persuasive in
+advice--who that knew James Hope-Scott could ever forget?
+
+He had a peculiar way of listening, with the head a little bent on one
+side, to the most trivial subject broached by a friend in conversation, as
+if it was of the deepest importance, which pleased you with its
+unintentional flattery. With true Christian politeness he never interrupted
+you, but, if the subject was an important one, he would come down with some
+unanswerable view which at once approved itself to the listener as the
+course to be followed: 'Hope thinks so-and-so'--and it always proved the
+right thing.
+
+With regard to his generosity, it was his nature to be generous--he had
+learned the pleasure of giving; and, when any principle was involved in a
+gift, there was no stint. As an illustration of this, I remember on one
+occasion a friend--not rich--known to us both, had given me a picture to
+dispose of, as she did not care for it: it was small, and out of condition,
+and of an objectionable subject, though we had not perceived its closely
+veiled viciousness. I failed in persuading a picture dealer to purchase it,
+and, having to return home by my husband's chambers, I there found Mr.
+Hope-Scott. I mentioned my want of success, and your father at once said,
+'Let us see it.' It was fetched up from the carriage, and after looking at
+it attentively--'Well,' he said, 'Mrs. Bellasis, I think you must leave
+this with me.' I did so, and learnt afterwards that on my leaving the room
+he crushed the painting with his heel, put it on the fire, and sent me a
+cheque for my friend for 30_l._
+
+His faculty for languages was very great, and when in the south of France,
+rambling daily over the pretty property he possessed at Hyères, I used to
+be amazed at the fluent way in which he talked with the workmen; whether it
+was the carpenter, the plasterer, mason, or gardener, he talked with each
+in the terms of their respective occupations and trades, quite
+unhesitatingly. Provençal talk is certainly puzzling, but he seemed as if
+born to it; and the French gentlemen told me he spoke exactly all the
+niceties of their language, whether in repartee or in illustration.
+
+How profoundly Catholic he was those near and dear to him must know far
+better than outsiders. No consideration ever closed the purse or the lips
+where the interests or the honour of Holy Church were concerned. There was
+no parade of piety in him; and yet, if he thought he could say the word in
+season, he spoke _unreservedly_. I recollect on one occasion a very
+distinguished member of the Parliamentary bar, who was, in common parlance,
+a man of the world--long gone to his rest--met my husband and your father
+walking together in Piccadilly. Mr. X. stopped them, exclaiming, 'Well, you
+two black Papists, how are you?' 'Come, come,' replied Mr. Hope-Scott,
+'don't you think it is time _you_ should be looking into your
+accounts?' 'Oh, I'm all right _now_,' was the reply, half jocularly.
+'Well,' said Mr. Hope-Scott, 'but how about those _past_ pages--eh?'
+Mr. X., taking no offence, drew himself up and said, with great gravity, 'I
+tell you what it is, Hope: I am thoroughly, intellectually convinced; but'
+(he added, striking his breast) 'my heart is not touched!' and thereupon
+the three parted. Had he been a Catholic, he would have used, I suppose,
+the term 'will' for 'heart.' [Footnote: This courage in giving religious
+admonition where he saw it was needed, is a trait which I have occasionally
+observed appearing in his correspondence, and quite in keeping with his
+favourite expression, _'Liberavi animam meam.'_--R. O.]
+
+All that Mr. Hope-Scott did in religious observances was done so naturally,
+so simply--whether it was in going down to the committees with my husband,
+he would pull out his rosary in the cab, and so occupy his thoughts through
+the busy streets; or when, in mounting the stairs at Westminster to reach
+the committee-rooms, he would repeat, _sotto voce_, with my husband,
+some slight invocatory prayers, or verse of a Psalm--such things were only
+known to the extreme intimacy of long friendship. Such was the hidden,
+deeply pious life of one who, for many years at least, though certainly in
+the world, was yet not of it. I might say he was _above_ it; for who,
+more than our dear friend, saw through, and so thoroughly despised its
+shams, its allurements, its ambition, and modes of thought? There is one
+other remembrance which is a very bright one: I allude to his ever-ready
+wit. When he was in good health, and well, before he was threatened with
+the coming malady, how amusing he was--such a cheery companion! I have
+often thought, when we left his company, that I would put down his clever,
+witty rejoinders--they were legion! and never a spark of ill-nature. I
+never remember his saying an unkind word of any one.
+
+E. J. B.
+
+The services rendered by Mr. Hope-Scott to the cause of Catholicity may be
+grouped in three great divisions:--1. The giving advice, at no small cost
+of time and trouble, either on great questions affecting the interests of
+the Church, or on those of a more local and personal description. 2.
+Pecuniary charities. 3. The foundation of churches and missions. I will
+endeavour to give some idea of each of these, though of course the very
+nature of charity, but still more that of counsel, involves so much of
+secrecy, that particulars which remain on record, and can be given to the
+world, we may safely assume to be only specimens of many more which must
+remain untold.
+
+1. The first division includes, as we shall see, many of the great
+questions affecting the Catholic Church in these countries during his
+active career as a Catholic. But his services were chiefly those of a wise
+and trusted adviser behind the scenes, for he never entered Parliament, and
+rarely took part in public meetings. That he thus kept at a distance from a
+sphere of action for which his powers so eminently fitted him, was a
+subject of regret even outside of Catholic society, as will appear from a
+letter of Lord Blachford's to Mr. E. S. Hope, already cited, in which his
+lordship remarks:--
+
+I have sometimes been disappointed that in joining the Church of Rome [Mr.
+Hope-Scott] was not led by circumstances to adopt in England the task so
+brilliantly, but so differently performed in France by M. de Montalembert--
+that of asserting for English R. Catholics that political and Parliamentary
+status to which their education and importance entitle them. It would have
+been an advantage for all parties.
+
+And, earlier in the same letter:--
+
+Given a constituency, he united almost every qualification for public life.
+He seized instantly the point of a matter in hand, and was equally capable
+of giving it words at a moment's notice, or of working it out thoroughly
+and at leisure, and that either by himself or, what is as important,
+through others. He would have made no enemies, and multitudes of friends;
+and his quiet tact and flexible persuasiveness, grafted on a clear grasp of
+leading principles, would have made him invaluable in council.
+
+It would be useless to speculate on the motives of this abstinence, or on
+the part which he might have played in Parliamentary life in the years when
+the too brief career of Mr. Lucas was drawing to its close, and a great
+opportunity seemed to offer itself for a leader to step forward who should
+unite, in a degree equal to his, faith and devotedness with eloquence, and
+a rare talent for the conduct and marshalling of affairs. However, among
+the transactions affecting Catholic interests in which Mr. Hope-Scott's
+knowledge and experience were turned to account, may be named the
+following:--
+
+(1) _The Catholic University of Ireland_, which has since shown such
+struggling yet persistent vitality, had been in contemplation as far back
+as 1847. Serious steps were being taken towards its foundation in 1851,
+when Mr. Hope's advice was immediately sought by Archbishop (afterwards
+Cardinal) Cullen: he said, 'Get Newman for your Rector;' and from him the
+Archbishop came straight to Birmingham. There is a letter of Archbishop
+Cullen's to Mr. Hope (dated Drogheda, October 28, 1851), in which, after
+thanking him for valuable advice regarding the University, his Grace says:
+'I think we shall be guided by what you have suggested. For my part, I
+adopt your views altogether.... If we once had Dr. Newman engaged as
+President, I would fear for nothing; and I trust that this point will soon
+be gained. After that, every thing else will be easy.' From a letter of Mr.
+Allies to Mr. Hope (August 19, 1851) it appears that Dr. Newman regarded it
+as of the highest importance for those charged with the construction of the
+new University to obtain information from Mr. Hope as to the course of
+studies pursued in the Catholic universities abroad; and in another letter
+(August 30) Mr. Allies proposes to Mr. Hope a long string of questions as
+to university legislation. What Mr. Hope looked upon as of the most
+consequence may be gathered from a postscript to that letter, marked
+'private:' 'J. H. N. showed me your letter, with which he entirely agrees;
+and I need not say that I feel myself all the force of what you say. All
+paper rules and constitutions are nothing in comparison to there being a
+good selection of men, and a perfect unity and subordination in the
+governing and teaching body. If this is to succeed, my belief is that the
+only way is to appoint J. H. N. head, with the _fullest powers_, both
+for the selection of coadjutors and the working into shape.' Mr. Allies
+(with the Very Rev. Dr. Leahy, afterwards Archbishop of Cashel, and Mr.
+Myles O'Reilly) was, at the time, engaged with Dr. Newman in drawing up a
+report on the organisation of the University, after consulting a certain
+number of persons, among whom was Mr. Hope.
+
+In 1855 Mr. Hope-Scott presented to the new institution one of his splendid
+gifts--a library of books on civil and canon law. 'Your books' (writes Dr.
+Newman to him, August 1) 'will be the cream of our library.' In the
+difficulties of later years, when Dr. Newman felt his duty as Rector of the
+University and that as Father-Superior of the Oratory pulling him in
+different directions, the congregation, not from any one's fault, but from
+the nature of the case, being unable to get on without him, it was to the
+same faithful counsellor he turned. I may here mention that Mr. Hope-Scott
+warmly took up the idea of founding an oratory at Oxford (January 1867),
+and gave 1,000_l_. towards this object, which he refused to take back
+when the design was laid aside. In a conversation on the subject of this
+memoir, which Cardinal Newman condescended to hold with me, his Eminence
+said, 'Hope-Scott was a truly good friend--no more effectual friend--from
+his character and power of advice.' He had stood by him all through as a
+good friend and adviser in the difficulties of the Oratory connected with
+his rectorship, and so in another critical moment relating to other
+affairs. I venture to transcribe the eloquent words in which the Cardinal
+has placed on record the value he had for his friendship, in the dedication
+to his 'University Sketches:'--
+
+'To James R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C., &c. &c., a name ever to be had in
+honour when universities are mentioned, for the zeal of his early
+researches, and the munificence of his later deeds, this volume is
+inscribed, a tardy and unworthy memorial, on the part of its author, of the
+love and admiration of many eventful years.--Dublin, October 28, 1856.'
+
+(2) The assistance rendered by Mr. Hope-Scott to Dr. Newman under the
+anxieties of the _Achilli Trial_ has already been briefly alluded to
+(p.141). The first meeting of Dr. Newman's friends to hold consultation in
+the affair was a scene, as I have heard it described, which brought out in
+a striking manner Mr. Hope-Scott's talents for ruling and advising those in
+perplexity. At first all was confusion, but order began to appear the
+moment that he entered the room; he seemed to have a just claim to take the
+lead, and placed everything in the right point of view. I find him writing
+to Mr. Badeley (from Abbotsford, November 15, 1852), to ask whether it
+would be _professionally_ correct for him to appear at Dr. Newman's
+side on the day of sentence, adding: 'I need hardly say that I should much
+like to show him any signs of respect and affection. There are, indeed, few
+towards whom I feel more warmly.' This, it seems, would not have been
+etiquette if he had appeared in wig and gown; and Mr. Badeley (who was one
+of Dr. Newman's counsel) suggested his sitting with Sir A. Cockburn, to
+assist, if not to speak. However, a motion for a new trial was made, and on
+January 31, 1853, judgment was given, discharging the rule on technical
+grounds, and imposing a nominal fine. There is a very interesting account
+of this in the Badeley correspondence, part of which I am tempted to
+subjoin. So important an event affecting Newman can scarcely be considered
+foreign to Hope-Scott, and it affords also a specimen of Mr. Badeley's
+familiar letters to his friend, which entered into the daily life I have
+endeavoured to describe.
+
+_Edward Badeley, Esq., Q.C. to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C._
+
+Temple: Feb. 1, 1853.
+
+My dear Hope,--... Newman has been here, and seems well satisfied with the
+result, and I think he has reason to be so. The judges paid him great
+respect, and though Coleridge preached him an immensely long Puseyite
+sermon, much of which he might as well have spared, full credit was given
+for Newman's belief of the truth of his charges, and for proper motives.
+You will see a tolerably correct report of it in the 'Times,' but the best
+report of _the judgment_ is in the 'Morning Post.' The speeches of
+counsel are _execrably_ given both in that and in the other papers. My
+speech is _very incorrect_, but I have been gratified by very kind
+expressions about it, particularly from my legal brethren: it was not long,
+but it seemed to produce some sensation, particularly as I started by
+avowing my friendship for Newman. My conclusion, as well as I remember it,
+was as follows:--
+
+'There may be some, my Lords, who seek in Dr. Newman's conviction a
+malignant triumph, and who would gladly avail themselves of the sentence of
+this Court, to crush the man whose writings have been their dread, as his
+life has been their shame. The cry of party prejudice and of religious
+bigotry may be raised in other places, and its echo may perhaps be heard
+even within these walls; but your Lordships, I am confident, will disregard
+it, and in the exercise of your sacred functions you will be guided only by
+the dictates of wisdom and of justice; you will respect the high character
+of Dr. Newman, his genius, his learning, his piety, his zeal, the purity of
+his motives, the sanctity of his life; you will remember the anxiety he has
+undergone, the expense which he has incurred, _the facts which he has
+proved_; and bearing these in mind, you cannot pass upon him any
+sentence of severity, you can but inflict a nominal punishment. 'Vestrum
+est hoc, Judices, vestræ dignitatis, vestræ dementias: recte hoc repetitur
+a vobis, ut virum optimum atque innocentissimum, plurimisque mortalibus
+carum atque jucundissimum, his aliquando calamitatibus liberetis, ut omnes
+intelligant in concionibus esse invidiæ locum, in judiciis veritati.'
+[Footnote: Cic. 'Pro Cluent. '71.]
+
+There was some applause when I sat down, and all seemed highly delighted
+with my quotation.... The small amount of the fine is regarded by the
+_Myrmidons_ (Achilli's followers) as a heavy blow to them, and all
+regard it as a triumph for us. One of the most satisfactory things,
+however, is the declaration of the Court that they are not satisfied with
+the finding of the jury upon the facts, and that if the question as to a
+new trial had rested solely on that finding, they would have felt
+themselves bound to send the case to another jury. And so ends this
+important case. I think we may congratulate ourselves. Newman is gone home
+to-day, and means to write to you tomorrow or next day. He was very tired
+yesterday, but seems quite alive again now, and in excellent spirits. The
+crowd in and about the Court was immense;... Newman was well attended by a
+numerous party of friends, and cheered as he left the Court.
+
+Ever believe me
+
+Yours most affectionately,
+
+E. BADELEY.
+
+(3) _Charitable Bequests_, &c.--In a letter of the Very Rev. Dr.
+(since Cardinal) Manning to Mr. Hope-Scott, dated 'Rome, March 3, 1854,'
+and marked 'private and confidential,' occurs the following passage: 'I am
+rejoiced to hear that you have been invited to communicate with the
+Government on the charitable bequests. And I think you will be glad to know
+that this fact has given, as I hear, great satisfaction to the Cardinal. In
+conversation he has often named you to me, and I feel sure that he would
+have selected you on his own part for such a purpose.'
+
+I quote the following lines from a long and interesting letter of Dr.
+Manning's to Mr. Hope-Scott, dated '78 S[outh] A[udley] St., January 28,
+1856:' 'Do you remember a conversation, the summer of 1854, one Sunday
+evening, at 22 Charles St., on the good which might be done by four or five
+men living together and preaching statedly at different places, on courses
+of solid subjects? The thought has long been in my mind both before and
+since our conversation, and it has been coming to a point under an
+increased sense of the need.'
+
+Correspondence of this kind, which I can merely notice, would, of course,
+illustrate Mr. Hope-Scott's position as a leading Catholic layman of his
+time, in the confidence of the heads of the Church.
+
+(4) _The Repeal of the Ecclesiastical Titles Act_ is an event too
+familiar in recent Church history to require much comment. The Government
+in 1851, having, in compliance with popular clamour, passed a bill by which
+Catholic prelates were prohibited, under many penalties, from assuming
+territorial titles of sees, found itself, from the very first, obliged to
+treat this enactment as a dead letter, in consequence of the legal
+difficulties and complications which arose from it. Common sense suggested
+its removal from the statute-book. This was not effected without
+considerable effort to escape from that necessity by some less humiliating
+alternative. Mr. Hope-Scott gave evidence, lasting for two days (July 9 and
+16), before the Select Committee appointed in 1867 to report on the
+operation of the Ecclesiastical Titles Act; and to that evidence, showing
+all the luminous clearness and completeness which was so characteristic of
+him, but especially to an admirable _Statement_ on the whole case
+which he submitted to the committee [see _infra_, p. 208], there can,
+I think, be no doubt that the final adoption (in 1871) of the only
+satisfactory remedy--a total repeal of the Act--was mainly due.
+
+A letter of the London correspondent of a Dublin newspaper of the day,
+relating to Mr. Hope-Scott's examination before the Select Committee above
+mentioned, contains, in the lively manner of a journalist, some particulars
+worth preserving:--
+
+It used to be said of Mr. Hope-Scott in the great days of railway
+committees, ere the London, Chatham, and Dover had made its _scandalum
+magnatum_, that his briefs were worth 15,000_l_. a year; but that
+if he could forget some slight knowledge of the common law that he had
+acquired in his youth, there was no reason why they might not mount up to
+25,000_l_. The story is only worth relating as an instance of the
+professional lawyer's ingrained contempt for such a tribunal as a committee
+composed of five or more ordinary members of the House of Commons. But to-
+day [July 16, 1867] it so happened that when Mr. Hope-Scott for the first
+time in his life had to sit in a chair and be examined and cross-examined
+before such a committee, his Common Law stood him in good stead. There is
+something extremely impressive in the complete simplicity of this eminent
+lawyer's appearance. A great natural superiority of intellect, an apt and
+complete study of his subject, ample readiness and subtlety of statement,
+these you expect; but not a certain direct and cogent candour, which
+appears to be, and which indeed is, utterly unaffected. The success of Mr.
+Hope-Scott with Parliamentary committees is, I have always thought, due to
+the fact that he unites the qualities of a great lawyer with the qualities
+that make a man a great member of Parliament.... His evidence was limited
+to the substantiation and illustration of the legal positions laid down in
+the document drawn up by him [see page 208], and of the whole case he was
+evidently master to its most minute points. Mr. Walpole and Mr. Chatterton
+both essayed what we may call cross-examination--it cannot be said
+successfully.[Footnote: _Irish Times_, July 18, 1867.]
+
+The following letters on this subject appear to merit preservation; it will
+be seen that not all Catholic politicians of the day had so clear a view of
+the case as Mr. Hope-Scott:--
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to the Right Hon. Spencer H. Walpole, M.P._
+
+[Draft Copy.]                   Norfolk House, St. James's Square:
+_Confidential._                     June 15, '67.
+
+Dear Walpole,--I wrote to Mr. M'Evoy from Arundel to request that he would
+make an appointment with you on the subject of the Eccl. Titles Act, but,
+as I have received no reply, I presume that he is still out of town.
+
+My object, however, may be as well, perhaps better, attained if you will
+read the memorandum which I enclose, and in which I have endeavoured to
+state the case against the Act, in the manner in which it _must_ be
+stated to the Commons' committee, should the proposed inquiry take place.
+
+You will gather from the memorandum that R. Catholics owe a great deal to
+the forbearance of the Government and the judges, and I can assure you that
+they are far from desirous to requite such treatment by pointing out the
+infractions of the law by which it has been accompanied.
+
+Moreover, in the event of the Act not being repealed, it is evident that
+they would greatly endanger their present immunity by showing how easily it
+might be destroyed.
+
+Under these circumstances, if I had to choose between acquiescence in the
+retention of this Act, and a Parliamentary inquiry of certain inconvenience
+and of doubtful result, I should naturally prefer the former; but the
+question has apparently advanced too far to be now set aside, and I
+therefore venture to suggest to you, and through you to the Government,
+that the most just, and to all concerned the most convenient course, would
+be, that the Ministry should supersede further inquiry by an avowal that
+the action of the Public Departments is impeded by the Act, and should
+introduce a Government bill to repeal it.
+
+I have marked this letter and the memorandum 'Confidential' for reasons
+which you will understand; but I do not mean to limit the use of them in
+any case where you think they may assist the consideration of my
+suggestion.
+
+Believe me, &c. &c., J. R. H.-S.
+
+The Right Honorable Spencer H. Walpole, &c. &c. &c.
+
+_His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, E.M. to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C._
+
+House of Lords: July 28, 1870.
+
+My dear Mr. Hope,--Monsell, into whose hands I put the affair of the Ecc.
+Titles Bill, and to whom I gave your papers on the subject, says that both
+O'Hagan and Sherlock see no objection in the bill. He says that he will try
+and get some one to protest against the language of the preamble, but he
+does not feel sure that anybody will even do that. I believe O'Hagan now
+says that, though Papal instruments are declared void, in a court of law
+such instruments are not called for to prove such facts as divisions of
+dioceses, &c. What had we better do?
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+NORFOLK.
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to his Grace the Duke of Norfolk, E.M._
+
+Bedford Hotel, Brighton: March 6, '71.
+
+Dear Henry,--[After mentioning the enclosure of a rough draft of memorandum
+made in 1870, and of the clause he had proposed to Mr. Gladstone (Footnote:
+In 1870 Mr. Hope-Scott had proposed to Mr. Gladstone the following
+_clause_ with reference to the Ecclesiastical Titles Act:--
+
+'Before all courts, in all questions affecting the rights or property of
+any religious body not established by law, or of the members of the same as
+such, it shall be sufficient to prove the existence 'de facto' of any
+ecclesiastical arrangement material to the inquiry, and no evidence shall
+be required of the manner in which, or of the persons by whom, such
+arrangement may have been originally made.') with reference to the Eccl.
+Titles Bill:--]
+
+These I now send you, and, with them, a letter which you wrote to me last
+July showing how the matter then stood. In connection with this letter, I
+send you likewise a print of my statement made and circulated before the
+committee met in 1867, and given in evidence by me before that committee. A
+reference to it will show that the view which your letter attributes to
+Lord O'Hagan is certainly not correct as regards England, though there are
+some circumstances in Ireland which make it more applicable there. As the
+bill is now to go to a Select Committee of the Commons, there seems a fair
+chance of getting a favourable alteration, and it is certainly well worth
+the attempt. As I wrote to you last summer, the _clause_ I proposed
+would be of the greatest practical value, and might save some amount of
+feeling among Protestants by letting them fire away at the Papal authority;
+but if it cannot be got, the words 'and all assumption, &c., is wholly
+void' should either go out, or the whole of that recital be qualified so as
+to mean _legal and coercive_, not merely spiritual, jurisdiction, &c.
+
+I am sorry to add to the number of your labours for the Church, but at
+present I am not able to take the field myself; and as you are at any rate
+to be in London this week, you may take the opportunity of moving in the
+matter.
+
+Yrs affly,
+
+James R. Hope-Scott
+
+Remember J. V. Harting in case of need.
+
+His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, E.M.
+
+The whole subject has belonged to the domain of history since the Repeal
+passed under Mr. Gladstone's administration in 1871. Still, I am unwilling
+to dismiss it without quoting the wise and powerful words with which Mr.
+Hope-Scott concludes the 'Statement' of 1867, several times referred to:--
+
+No Act of Parliament can cause direct hardship to the subject while the
+Ministers of the Crown, the judges, the magistrates, and the public concur
+in disregarding it; but it is one thing to be secure by the law, and
+another to be secure only by a general contempt of the law. In the latter
+case a gust of popular excitement, such as occurred in 1850-1, or the
+interest or prejudice of an individual, or the scruples of a single
+official, or of a single judge, might at any time turn this dormant Act
+into a real instrument of oppression; and therefore the grievance of the
+Roman Catholics is this, and it is essentially a practical one, that,
+whatever their present immunity may be, they are not, and, as the law
+stands, they never can be, secure of its continuance. From this it follows,
+that in all matters to which the Act may be applied, Roman Catholics find
+it necessary to take the same precautions, and resort to the same
+expedients, as if its application were certain. In short, they are under
+the constant sense that a penal statute is at the door, and that it depends
+upon little more than accident whether it shall come in or not: and thus,
+if the apprehension of evil be, as it certainly is, an evil in itself, the
+mere existence of the Act is a practical hardship, and there can be no
+remedy short of its repeal. [Footnote: _Minutes of Evidence_ (J. R
+Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.O.), p. 26.]
+
+(5) It appears from Mr. Hope-Scott's papers that, in May 1869, he was
+giving his weight to the opposition against the _Scottish Education
+Bill_, as a measure, in its original form, based on the principle of
+Presbyterian ascendency, and was advocating a denominational system in the
+interests of Catholicity.
+
+(6) The Parliamentary committee on _Conventual and Monastic
+Institutions_ (originally designed by its mover, Mr. Newdegate, to
+inquire into the '_existence, characters, and increase_' of those
+institutions, but restricted, on a motion of Mr. Gladstone's, to inquire
+into '_the state of the law_' respecting them) held its sittings May
+17 to July 25, 1870, and Mr. Hope-Scott's attention seems to have been much
+occupied with the subject. During the earlier stages of the affair he was
+at Hyères, but his correspondence shows how carefully he was kept informed
+of what passed. A letter to him from the Duke of Norfolk (dated Norfolk
+House, April 21, 1870) gives an idea of the line Mr. Hope-Scott had taken:
+'I was very glad to receive your letter' (the Duke writes). 'It had great
+weight with our committee to-day, and we decided to ask Government for
+nothing, but to resist inquiry in any form.'
+
+(7) To services like these, in which he was the trusted counsellor of those
+who were acting for Catholicity in general, might be added illustrations of
+the many instances in which Mr. Hope-Scott's legal knowledge and experience
+were applied to the business affairs of priests on the missions, or of
+convents, if such cases were not, from their own nature, uninteresting
+except to those immediately concerned, and implying also the same
+confidence that belongs to other privileged communications. The words of a
+valuable letter, from which I have more than once quoted, are here in
+point: [Footnote: Lady Georgiana Fullerton to Lady H. K.] 'What I always
+admired in him was his patient charity--not so much the alms he gave,
+considerable as they were, but the manner in which, busy as he was, and
+often exhausted by his professional labours, he gave time and attention to
+all sorts of cases of distress and perplexity, or of importance to
+religion. "Consult Mr. Hope," was the advice given to numberless persons
+who had no claim whatever upon him but that of needing what no one else
+could so well give. One of the titles of our Blessed Lady, "Auxilium
+Christianorum," might in one sense have been applied to him.' Under this
+head of charity may well be included his undertaking, at the cost of time
+so precious to himself, the guardianships of bereaved families, of which a
+list has been given in a former chapter (p. 130).
+
+2. Of Mr. Hope-Scott's pecuniary charities in England (in the Catholic part
+of his life) I am not able to give a special account; but I may mention one
+characteristic trait, that he felt it his duty to do more for Westminster
+than other places, because it was there that he earned his money; following
+the excellent principle of helping, in the first instance, the locality in
+which Almighty God has placed one. Accordingly, at Westminster he gave
+ground for Catholic _Poor Schools_, with property endowment of
+50_l_. per annum; and gave great assistance to the _Filles de
+Marie_, a community of religious ladies so employed in the Horseferry
+Road, in the same district.
+
+A large proportion of his private benefactions seem to have been of a
+description especially in keeping with his tender and thoughtful mind, such
+as giving a mother the means of going to visit a daughter whom she had
+reluctantly allowed to enter a convent; enabling sick priests to go abroad
+for their health; setting up a poor schoolmistress with the means of
+purchasing a school; paying the expenses of a funeral; and so on.
+
+Like all men either wealthy or reputed to be so, he was continually
+importuned with petitions for pecuniary aid, sometimes asked for by way of
+gift, sometimes as loans. To particularise such in any recognisable manner
+would of course be impossible, for fear of wounding the feelings of persons
+who were the objects of his kindness; but, avoiding this as well as I can,
+I may say that there were instances in which Mr. Hope-Scott cleared people
+out of overwhelming difficulties by gifts of lavish generosity--hundreds of
+pounds, and in some cases as much as 1,000_l_. I could produce an
+example of the former in which the prompt liberality shown was only
+equalled by the delicacy and forbearance; for it may easily be supposed
+that the difficulties thus relieved were not always free from blame on the
+part of those involved in them. Seldom, perhaps, can it be otherwise; but
+what would happen if all charity were measured by the deserts of the
+recipient?
+
+What may have been the actual amount of Mr. Hope-Scott's charities during
+his life it would be very hard to conjecture; but this much I can state, on
+the testimony of one who knew the fact from his own personal knowledge,
+that in twelve or thirteen years (from 1859 or thereabouts) he gave away,
+in charity of some form or other, not less than 40,000_l_. It is right
+to observe that, quite towards the close, as he was retiring from his
+profession, there was a great diminution in his charitable expenditure;
+for, instead of the ample, though merely professional, income he had
+enjoyed for a great part of his life, he had become, relatively speaking, a
+person with very limited means. Believing it still to be his duty to
+provide for his 'son and heir,' and for his other children, of course he
+had no longer the power of doing all that he had done under circumstances
+altogether different.
+
+Missions on the Border; Galashiels, Kelso, &c.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's zeal for the support of Catholicity was naturally felt
+most by places near him in the Highlands or on the Border, where he built
+churches and schools, and aided struggling missions. Of those on the
+Border, the most important was the Church of Our Lady and St. Andrew at
+_Galashiels_, which, as a manufacturing town, has a large Catholic
+population. True to his organising genius, he intended it should be a
+centre for smaller out-missions around it, as _Selkirk, Jedburgh, Kelso,
+&c._ It was completed gradually, and the following extract from a letter
+of his to Father Newman (dated Abbotsford, December 30, 1857) shows, in a
+pleasing and simple manner, the heart which Mr. Hope-Scott threw into the
+work he was offering to Almighty God:--
+
+I hope that ten days or so will render [the church] fit for use in a rough
+way; and I hope it will be so used, and that I shall not be hurried in the
+decorative part, which I cannot afford to do handsomely at present, and
+which I think will be done better when we have become used to the interior,
+and have observed what is to be brought out and what concealed. The shell I
+am well pleased with. It is massive and lofty, no side aisles, but chapels
+between buttresses--and no altar-screen--more like a good college chapel
+than a parish church. The whole plan, however, has not been carried out, so
+the proportions cannot be fairly judged of. Some day perhaps I may finish
+it, or some one else instead; and to keep us in mind that more is to do, we
+have a rough temporary work at the west end (not really west), with square
+sash windows of a repulsive aspect.[Footnote: There are readers who will be
+glad of the preservation of the following dates connected with Galashiels
+Church. The plans were completed July 1, 1856; first payment, November
+1856; last account rendered, February 1858; the church was opened on
+Candlemas Day, February 2, 1858, by Bishop Gillis; finished finally in
+1872, and opened in August 1873.]
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott lived to finish it, and the work, I have heard, can hardly
+have cost him less than 10,000_l_. He also gave to the Jesuit Fathers
+at Galashiels a library of books, chiefly on civil and canon law, in value
+about 500_l_. The last cheque he signed with his failing hand was one
+for 900_l_. in discharge of the last debt on Galashiels Church. The
+mission at Galashiels was held at first by the Oblate Fathers, but from the
+end of July 1863 by the Jesuits.[Footnote: There is a letter of Father Jos.
+Johnson, Provincial S. J., to Mr, Hope-Scott, dated February 24, 1859, from
+which it appears that the Society, in consequence of the many demands upon
+them, were unable to accept the mission of Galashiels at that time.] The
+following letter (worthy of preservation also because of the writer) will
+show that Mr. Hope-Scott had wished, almost immediately on finding himself
+a Catholic, to have a Jesuit Father at _Abbotsford_:--_The Père de
+Ravignan, S.J. to J. R. Hope, Esq., Q.G._
+
+Voici, Monsieur, ce que le T. R. P. Général, m'écrit de sa maison de Rome
+le 10 Juin:
+
+'Je désire bien que M. Hope sache combien j'ai été consolé à la bonne
+nouvelle.--Jamais je ne l'avois oublié--il m'avoit inspiré tant d'intérét!'
+
+
+Pour ne point oublier non plus, je vous demande la permission de vous dire
+ici que le R. P. Provincial d'Angleterre a accueilli, avec le plus grand
+désir de vous satisfaire, la prière que vous avez bien voulu me
+communiquer, d'établir un de nos Pères chez vous en Écosse. Le P.
+Etheridge, provincial actuel, doit arriver demain à Londres.
+
+Ce matin nous étions tous heureux près de cet autel. Bénissons le Seigneur
+de tant de grâces.
+
+Veuillez agréer toutes mes tendres et profondes sympathies in Xto Jesu.
+
+X. DE RAVIGNAN, S.J.
+
+Londres: 16 Juin 1851.
+
+The chapel at _Selkirk_, dedicated to Our Lady and St. Joseph, was a
+purchase of Mr. Hope-Scott's.
+
+The mission of _Kelso_, where he built the Church of the Immaculate
+Conception, would furnish many instructive pages for a history of the re-
+settlement of the Catholic Church in those very desolate regions. A letter
+of the Rev. Patrick Taggart,[Footnote: Compare page 193 of this volume.] to
+Mr. Hope-Scott, dated Hawick, September 3, 1853, contains some details
+which, in connection with later events at Kelso, are full of interest. They
+show how deeply felt is the spiritual isolation of such localities, and how
+unexpectedly great is the number of Catholics often to be found in them,
+left to themselves. Father Taggart first speaks of the great kindness which
+he had received from Sir George and Lady Douglas, of Springwood Park, near
+Kelso, and then goes on to say:--
+
+Lady Douglas is a genuine Catholic, just as a daughter of old Catholic
+Spain should be. Her sister is staying with her just now.... I think they
+do not like the idea of attending Divine service in a public hall. I told
+them that Father Cooke would be delighted to afford them any assistance in
+his power under present circumstances. I also told them that I thought
+that, if possible, a small church would be built at Kelso in the meantime;
+and that the time was not far distant when perhaps the Bishop would be able
+to give to Kelso a resident priest. This news so delighted them that they
+could not find words to express their joy.... I do not know of any part of
+this district that is at present more destitute of the ministrations of a
+priest than Kelso and its environs. The mission extends twenty miles north-
+east of Kelso--that is, forty miles from Galashiels and from Hawick; and
+there is not a village in that, I might almost say, immense tract of
+country that does not contain its ten and twenty poor Irish Catholics. I
+attended Kelso, once in the month, for nearly five years, and I am the
+first priest who offered up the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass at Kelso since
+the days of the so-called Reformation. I therefore know its geography and
+its wants....
+
+PATRICK TAGGART.
+
+Accordingly, a church was built for Kelso at the expense of Mr. Hope-Scott.
+It could hardly have been finished more than a year or two, when, on the
+night of August 6-7, 1856, it was attacked by a Protestant mob, set fire
+to, and burned to the ground, with the schoolhouse and dwelling-house
+adjoining, including books, vestments, and furniture, the property of Mr.
+Hope-Scott. Four of the ringleaders were put on their trial on November 10.
+In charging the jury, otherwise fairly enough, 'the Lord Justice-Clerk
+remarked that, as to whether it were necessary that Mr. Hope-Scott should
+build the Roman Catholic chapel at Kelso or not, the jury might have very
+considerable doubts, as it appeared that the priest did not live there, but
+some miles distant at Jedburgh; but that was a matter which the prisoners
+had nothing to do with, as every one was at liberty to build such a place
+of worship if he chose; neither did it matter whether the attack upon the
+chapel was made in consequence of any attempts to proselytise Protestants
+to the Catholic faith. In going over the evidence, his lordship said he
+could have wished that Mrs. Byrne, the schoolmistress, had given timely
+notice to the police of what she had heard as to the resolution to fire the
+chapel, as that would have been a better course than quitting the chapel.
+However, they could not blame the poor woman; and _perhaps, being a
+Catholic, she might not like to make an appeal to the police_.' (Quoted
+from the report in the 'Scottish Press,' November 11, 1856. [Footnote: I
+italicise the last sentence, which at first sight gives a curious idea of
+the practical equality of legal protection existing for Catholics at the
+time; though probably all that was intended to be conveyed is the strange
+impression that Catholics might entertain a scruple about appealing to the
+police.--R. O.])
+
+The jury's verdict would surprise any unprejudiced reader who studies the
+evidence. They found the charge of wilful fire-raising not proven against
+the prisoners, but found three of them guilty of mobbing and rioting, but,
+in respect of their previous good conduct, recommended them to mercy. The
+three got off with eighteen months' imprisonment and hard labour. I quote
+the following remarks on the affair generally, and on the Lord Justice-
+Clerk's charge, from an article in the 'Scotsman,' republished by the
+'Northern Times' of November 15, 1856: [Footnote: I have not met with any
+_letter_ of Mr. Hope-Scott's to the _Scotsman_, but this article
+is probably from his pen.--R. O.]--
+
+In the town of Kelso there is, it seems, a more or less considerable colony
+of Irish; and it needs scarcely be said that the mixture of that element
+with the border material does not work together for the promotion of
+harmony and good order. At St. James's Fair, held at Kelso on 5th August
+last, a Scotch butcher-boy quarrelled and fought with an Irish mugger.
+Scotch and Irish rallied round these champions of the two countries, and in
+the mêlée which ensued, a young Scotchman was unhappily and barbarously
+killed. The Kelso crowd, in very natural rage, burned the muggers' camp,
+threw their carts into the Tweed, and drove them from the neighbourhood of
+the town. But there remained the resident Irish of the town, and it seems
+to have been deemed fitting to hold them guilty as art and part. It is not
+clear that any of them were in the fight--at least, no person among them
+was charged with the murder; but there is a short cut through all these
+difficulties. Most Irishmen are Roman Catholics--Kelso has a Roman Catholic
+chapel--let it be burned. Accordingly, after considerable talk and
+preparation (which seems to have included getting drunk), a mob assembled
+the next evening, and did burn the chapel with perfect ease and effect....
+
+Some mystery may dwell in readers' minds as to how such an affair could be
+arranged and completed without any one but the rioters themselves having
+any voice thereanent. And the mystery is not quite cleared away by the
+evidence. The woman that lived under the chapel heard, on the day of the
+fair and the fight (i.e. the day before the incendiarism), that the chapel
+was to be burned, and slept out of her house, so as not to be in the way;
+coming back the next day she heard the same rumour, and left again at
+night--when it happened as she had been foretold. But though other
+witnesses, some of whom had witnessed the burning, testified that the
+design had been talked about all day, the chief magistrate mentions in his
+evidence that he 'had not had the slightest expectation of a disturbance;'
+the superintendent of police was in the same state of information, and the
+police constable 'had not taken any alarm.' All this, however, is of little
+consequence, seeing that when the alarm was taken, there was no result but
+that of disturbing two or three people who might as well have gone to bed.
+The guardianship of the town is confided to one county policeman, who must
+be a tumultuous sort of person himself, since he seems to require a
+'superintendent' to keep him in order. The said superintendent, when he did
+know what was going on, first tried a little moral suasion, with the result
+usual in such cases: 'I cautioned them against proceedings of that kind,
+and advised them to go to their homes--they disregarded me.' His disposable
+force, condensed in the person of the 'police constable,' took the same
+course. '_We_ warned them'--the answer was a volley of stones. 'We
+retired, and went to all the magistrates.' 'By the time we got back the
+chapel was completely destroyed.' It would be unreasonable to blame the
+superintendent and his 'force' for not successfully fighting several
+hundred men, although we do think they might have done more as to
+identifying the ringleaders: the real blame lies with the authorities, who
+appear to have failed to provide decently adequate means for preserving the
+public peace. The use of a local police force must be measured, not by what
+it detects and punishes, but by what it prevents, or may reasonably be
+supposed to prevent....
+
+So wide-spread is [the feeling that Roman Catholic chapels are somehow an
+intrusion and an offence] that it would almost appear as if the very bench
+were not placed above its influence. The Lord Justice-Clerk made some very
+sound and strong remarks on the nature of the outrage; but he added:
+'Whether it was necessary on the part of Mr. Hope-Scott to build this
+chapel--which it scarcely seemed to be, seeing the priest did not live
+there, but at Jedburgh--or whether it was a prudent proceeding to attempt,
+by the erection of this chapel, to win converts to the Roman Catholic
+faith--was of no importance here.' Since it was of no importance, the
+expressed doubt and the implied censure had, we very humbly think, have
+been better avoided.... Though there had not been a single Roman Catholic
+in or near Jedburgh, Mr. Hope-Scott had a perfect moral as well as legal
+right to spend his money in building a chapel, without either having it
+burned down by a mob, or himself pointed at from the bench. As a matter of
+fact, however, there does appear to have been a congregation as well as a
+chapel. The Lord Justice-Clerk was pleased to add that the Roman Catholic
+school attached to the chapel 'could not but have been of the utmost use;'
+and we could thence infer that, Roman Catholic children having parents,
+there must have been use also for the chapel. The fact relied on, of the
+priest 'living at Jedburgh,' is evidence, we should think, not of a want of
+hearers, but of a want of funds to pay two priests. But look where we
+should be landed, on this hand or on that, if others than those that choose
+to provide the money are to decide where church-building is 'necessary' or
+is 'prudent.' The extreme chapel-attendance of Episcopalians in the county
+of Roxburgh was shown by the census to be 454; and for the accommodation of
+that number the county contains five chapels. Four of them might be
+pronounced not 'necessary,' and all of them not 'prudent.' Or, to go from
+the country of the rioters to that of the rioted upon. In our humble
+opinion, seven-eighths of the churches belonging to the Establishment in
+Ireland are utterly unnecessary, and every one of them very imprudent.
+Such, too, is notoriously the opinion of all but a fraction of the
+population among whom, and out of whose funds, these churches are built and
+maintained. The late lamented Roman Catholic chapel at Kelso was
+immeasurably less unnecessary and offensive than these; for not only had it
+a congregation, but was paid for only by those that used it or approved of
+it. Of course, the Lord Justice-Clerk did not mean that his opinion or that
+of any other man as to the chapel being unnecessary was any justification
+of the outrage--his lordship said the contrary very impressively; but his
+remark, though not what is called a fortunate one, is useful as indicating,
+in however faint and refined shape and degree, the feeling which on such
+topics is apt to lead us all more or less astray.
+
+MISSIONS IN THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS: MOIDART.
+
+The purchase by Mr. Hope-Scott of the estate at Lochshiel, in the wilds of
+Moidart, his 'Highland Paraguay,' as Cardinal Manning calls it, in an old
+letter to him (January 28, 1856), was attended, as I have already hinted
+(p. 150), by some noteworthy circumstances. In the first place, the
+condition of the Catholic remnant in the Highlands is, perhaps, little
+known even to Catholic readers. An interesting letter to Mr. Hope-Scott,
+dated October 12, 1854, from the Rev. D. Macdonald, in charge of the
+mission of Fortwilliam, furnishes a statistical table, from which it
+appears that in 1851, in the Highlands and insular districts within the
+range of his knowledge, there was but one single school, where, to do
+justice, considering the scattered population, there ought to have been
+twenty-six. The people were so miserably poor, that out of thirteen
+missions, only one could afford their priest 50_l_. per annum; one,
+35_l_.; three, 30_l_.; and the rest, ranging from 25_l_.
+down to as low as 12_l_. per annum. Of course the priests could not
+subsist on these incomes without some other aid, and this was obtained by
+taking small farms, from which they endeavoured to eke out a living.
+
+'In Moidart' (I here copy from another well-informed correspondent) 'a
+severe crisis had just passed over the people. The cruel treatment which
+has depopulated the greater portion of the Highlands, and converted large
+tracts of country into sheep-farms and deer-forests, had overtaken them.
+Dozens of unfortunate families occupying the more fertile portions of the
+estate were ruthlessly torn from their homes, and shipped away to Australia
+and America. Their good old priest, the Rev. Ranald Rankin, broken-hearted
+at the desolation which had come over his flock, accompanied the larger
+portion of these wanderers to the shores of Australia. His impression at
+the time was, that the whole of the country, sooner or later, would share
+the same unhappy fate; for in bidding farewell to his Bishop, the late Dr.
+Murdoch, Vicar-Apostolic of the Western District, he assured his lordship,
+who felt at a loss how to supply his place, that it was a matter of little
+or no consequence, as the mission was practically ruined already. The
+Bishop's reply was characteristic: "Moidart has always been a Catholic
+district; and so long as there remains one Catholic family in it, for the
+sake of its old steadfastness, I shall not leave it unprovided."'
+
+In the meantime, Mr. Hope-Scott, having already become a landed proprietor
+in Ireland, in the county Mayo, much wished to possess also a Highland
+property. Lochshiel was offered to him; but, after consideration, he
+decided against taking it. In 1855 the estate was again in the market, but
+Mr. Hope-Scott had not heard of it. The owner, Macdonald of Lochshiel, was
+a Catholic, and, it may be presumed, a devout one, since he had the Blessed
+Sacrament and a priest in his house. He had been obliged to sell, and the
+property had been bought by a brother-in-law of his, named Macdonell, who
+added to the house. He, too, found himself obliged to sell, and this time
+the estate was on the point of passing into the hands of people from London
+who would have rooted out the Catholic population from the land. Hearing
+that it had been actually sold to Protestants, two old ladies of the same
+family, living at Portobello, went to the lawyer, and asked him, if
+possible, to postpone the signature of the deeds for nine or ten days, to
+give another purchaser a chance. He agreed to do so. They then commenced a
+novena that a Catholic might buy it. (I ought perhaps to explain, for the
+benefit of some of my readers, that Catholics have great faith in the
+efficacy of prayer persevered in for nine days when there is some important
+object to be gained.) The ninth day came, and Mr. Hope-Scott purchased the
+property, for the sum of 24,000_l_., without even having seen it. His
+attention had been drawn to it by the late Mrs. Colonel Hutchison, of
+Edinburgh, a lady well known among Scotch Catholics for her shrewd good
+sense and innumerable good works. He certainly was induced to purchase by
+the fact that Lochshiel had never been out of Catholic hands, and that all
+the population were Catholic, with the personal motive, however, of
+providing his wife with a quiet and pleasant change of residence.
+
+'On his arrival, the character of the people, and the wild and glorious
+scenery of the place, made a favourable and lasting impression on his mind;
+[Footnote: How deeply the Highland scenery impressed his imagination may be
+seen from the beautiful verses, 'Low Tide at Sunset on the Highland Coast,
+which will be found in Appendix IV.] but the state of the country might
+have appeared to him as little more advanced than under the earlier
+Clanranald chiefs three or four centuries ago. The peasants generally were
+in a state of great poverty. Their cottages were miserable turf cabins,
+black and smoky; agriculture was imperfectly understood among them, and the
+small patches of moorland upon which they tried to raise crops of oats and
+potatoes were inadequate to the maintenance of themselves and their
+families. There was no demand or employment of labour. There was no school
+upon the estate. The principal building assigned to religious worship, and
+which served as the central chapel for Moidart, was a miserable thatched
+edifice, destitute of everything befitting the service of religion. The
+want of good roads was severely felt. It was difficult to get into "the
+_Rough Bounds_" as this part of the Highlands was aptly styled by the
+more favoured districts, and, once in, it was more difficult still to get
+out.
+
+'Mr. Hope-Scott lost no time in trying to improve matters. It was a
+fundamental maxim with him that, in a neglected estate like this, no
+improvement was more sensible, or paid better, than the construction of
+good roads. These occupied his attention for several years, and gave most
+beneficial employment to the tenants. The cost in some instances was very
+great; for, in constructing the present beautiful carriage drive from Sheil
+Brude to Dorlin House, hundreds of yards of solid rock had to be blasted;
+part of the river Sheil had to be embanked; huge boulders between the
+cliffs and the sea-shore had to be cleared away, while a considerable line
+of breastwork had to be erected as a protection against the waves of the
+Atlantic, which, in a southwest gale, beat with great fury against the
+coast. The other roads were carried to those parts of the estate where the
+tenants were principally clustered, and were a great boon.
+
+[These road-making operations in the Highlands were evidently in Mr. Hope-
+Scott's mind in one of his last letters to his dear friend Dr. Newman. The
+great Oratorian, then busy with the 'Grammar of Assent,' writes to him on
+January 2, 1870: 'My dear Hope-Scott,--A happy new year to you and all
+yours--and to Bellasis and all his.... I am engaged, as Bellasis knows, in
+cutting across the Isthmus of Suez; and though I have got so far as to let
+the water into the canal, there is an awkward rock in mid-channel near the
+mouth which takes a great deal of picking and blasting, and no man-of-war
+will be able to pass through till I get rid of it. Thus I can't name a day
+for the opening. Ever yours affectionately,--JOHN H. NEWMAN.'
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's reply is--'Hôtel d'Orient, Hyères (Var), France, January
+12, 1870.--Dear F. Newman,--(After giving an account of Serjeant Bellasis's
+health, then seriously ill, and anxiously asking for masses and prayers for
+him,) That rocky point in your enterprise is a nuisance--more especially as
+rocks lie in beds, and this may be but the "crop" of some large stratum. As
+a road-maker, I know what it is to have to come back upon my work, and to
+strike a new level to get rid of some seemingly small but hard obstacle....
+Yours ever affectionately,--JAMES E. HOPE-SCOTT.']
+
+'The improvement of the tenants' own condition was a subject of anxious
+consideration. It was impossible to build new houses for every one; but
+great facilities were offered by the proprietor to such as were willing to
+build for themselves. Wood and lime were placed at their disposal free of
+charge, and a sum of 10_l_. or 12_l_. was added to help in
+defraying the expenses of the mason-work. A few cottages of a superior kind
+were built at the entire expense of the proprietor; but the cost was out of
+all proportion with the rental of the estate, and this attempt had to be
+abandoned for a time. Mr. Hope-Scott's kindness towards the smaller tenants
+was very marked. Besides helping them to better houses, he frequently
+assisted them with considerable sums of money towards increasing their
+stock of cattle, or towards repairing losses from accidents and disease. In
+some cases his generosity extended to the poorer tenants on neighbouring
+estates, when, for instance, they felt themselves at a loss for means to
+purchase a new boat or to provide themselves with fishing-nets. [Footnote:
+Mr. Hope-Scott had formed schemes for the employment of the people in
+working the salmon fisheries, and, when the salmon was out of season, the
+deep-sea fishing, and enabling them to dispose of their fish.] To encourage
+a spirit of independence among them, he used to grant sums of money on
+_loan_; but when, at the end of a successful season, the borrowers
+came back with the money, he invariably refused to accept it, or he would
+give instructions to have it passed to some other poor person in
+difficulties.' His efforts to induce them to extend cultivation have been
+elsewhere noticed. 'He never left the country towards the end of autumn
+without leaving a few pounds for distribution among the poorer classes. The
+clergyman of the district had always strict injunctions to report any case
+of hardship, or illness, or distress, and to draw upon his purse for what
+was required. The habits of the people soon showed signs of real
+improvement. A more orderly or respectable class of tenants are not to be
+found in any other part of the Highlands. From the day of his coming among
+them until now the rents have remained the same, greatly to the prosperity
+of the tenants. With the rest of the proprietors residing in and near
+Moidart he was very popular. His relations with them were invariably
+pleasant and happy.
+
+'In 1859, Mr. Hope-Scott commenced the erection of a school at Mingarry,
+with ample accommodation for scholars and teacher. It was completed in
+1860. This was an improvement very acceptable to the tenants. Hitherto the
+Catholic children had to cross over to a neighbouring estate, where the
+Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge had established a
+school-house and teacher, or they had to frequent another school, often
+very irregularly, in Ardnamurchan. The secular teaching in both of these
+schools was excellent of its kind. But, although the most cordial relations
+have, for generations past, existed between the Catholics on the north and
+the Presbyterians on the south side of the river Sheil, it was always a
+subject of regret among the former that they had no means of educating
+their children nearer home, and under Catholic teachers. After the school
+was successfully opened, Mr. Hope-Scott supplied funds to defray the
+teacher's salary.
+
+'In 1862, he erected, at a cost of about 2,600_l_., the present church
+and presbytery at Mingarry, within a few hundred yards of the school; but,
+to his grief, this was the least satisfactory of all his undertakings from
+one cause or another, neither church nor presbytery coming up to his
+expectations; and the former was for years a continual source of trouble
+and expenditure.' He built also another, at Glenuig, mentioned already.
+
+To complete the history of Dorlin, so far as it is connected with Mr. Hope-
+Scott: when, towards the close of his life, he had completely given up
+practice, he made up his mind to part with it, great as he acknowledged the
+wrench was--but to a Catholic purchaser--and sold it to Lord Howard of
+Glossop, the present proprietor, who worthily carries out the admirable
+example bequeathed him by his predecessor. [Footnote: Lord Howard of
+Glossop died as these sheets were passing through the press, December 1,
+1883. R. I. P.]
+
+The missions of _Oban_, and, on the other side of Scotland, _St.
+Andrews_, [Footnote: He had been otherwise interested in St. Andrews,
+during the years 1846-51, when associated with Sir John Gladstone (father
+of the Premier) in a scheme for developing that town as a bathing-place,
+building houses, &c. This, however, was a speculation on which it would he
+needless to enlarge, even if I had the details. In a letter to Miss Hope-
+Scott (May 25, 1867) he observes, 'St. Andrews is the best sea quarter in
+Scotland, I believe (and you know I have property there, which proves
+it).'] must also be named as either created or largely assisted by Mr.
+Hope-Scott; and, among Scottish religious houses, lastly, but not least,
+St. Margaret's convent at _Edinburgh_ (the Ursulines of Jesus), as a
+cherished object of his benefactions, and kind counsel and help.
+
+MR. HOPE-SCOTT'S IRISH TENANTRY.
+
+Of Mr. Hope-Scott's dealings, as a Catholic proprietor, with his Irish
+estates (co. Mayo), what has appeared in a former chapter gives a pleasing
+idea, quite borne out by other letters that have come before me. The Rev.
+James Browne, writing to him on June 12, 1856, to acknowledge a donation
+for the chapel and school of _Killavalla_, says of his tenantry there:
+'They all look upon it as a blessing from God that they have got a Catholic
+landlord, who has the same religious sympathies that they have themselves.'
+Thirteen years later (May 9, 1869) the same priest writes: 'I have been
+holding stations of confession among your people at Balliburke, Gortbane,
+and Killadier. I was glad to find them happy and contented, the houses
+neat, and the people most comfortable.'
+
+CHARITIES AT HYÈRES.
+
+At Hyères I can say from my own knowledge that Mr. Hope-Scott's support of
+a chaplain is to be numbered among his charitable and fruitful deeds. The
+arrangement was made with all his usual thoughtfulness; it enabled a most
+excellent priest, who was in a slow decline, but could still hear
+confessions and do much good, to spend a few winters in a warm climate. The
+Rev. Edward Dunne acted also as confessor to the little English colony at
+Hyères, as well as to the family of Mr. Hope-Scott. It often happens that,
+in such a watering-place, strangers whose case is hopeless come for a last
+chance of life. Sometimes they are Catholics, or needing instruction, and
+willing to receive it; sometimes they are in distressed circumstances.
+Father Dunne's great prudence and charity well fitted him for these
+ministrations, and he was equally beloved by Catholics and Protestants. The
+good which such a priest does is shared by the benefactor who places him in
+the position where he has the means of doing it. The following passage from
+a letter of Father Dunne's to Mr. Hope-Scott (May 26, 1869), which must
+have been one of his last, will interest the reader as an example:--
+
+You will be glad to know that my being at Hyères was a great blessing to a
+poor young man who died there towards the end of April. He had been at sea,
+and was for years without receiving the sacraments. His poor mother, a very
+pious woman, was in the greatest anxiety about him. He could not speak
+French, and it would have been impossible for him to make his confession if
+I, or some other English-speaking priest, was not there. I mention this, as
+I know it will be a consolation to you to know that your charity and
+benevolence were, under God, the means of saving a poor soul, and will
+secure for you the prayers of a bereaved mother, and three holy nuns, aunts
+of the poor young man.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1868-1873.
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's Speech on Termination of Guardianship to the Duke of
+Norfolk--Failure in Mr. Hope-Scott's Health--Exhaustion after a Day's
+Pleading--His Neglect of Exercise--Death of Mr. Badeley--Letter of Dr.
+Newman--Last Correspondence of Mr. Hope and the Bishop of Salisbury
+(Hamilton)--Dr. Newman's Friendship for Mr. Hope-Scott and Serjeant
+Bellasis--Mr. Hope-Scott proposes to retire--Birth of James Fitzalan Hope--
+Death of Lady Victoria Hope-Scott--Mr. Hope-Scott retires from his
+Profession--Edits Abridgment of Lockhart, which he dedicates to Mr.
+Gladstone--Dr. Newman on Sir Walter Scott--Visit of Dr. Newman to
+Abbotsford in 1872--Mr. Hope-Scott's Last Illness--His Faith and
+Resignation--His Death--Benediction of the Holy Father--Requiem Mass for
+Mr. Hope-Scott at the Jesuit Church, Farm Street--Funeral Ceremonies at St.
+Margaret's, Edinburgh--Cardinal Newman and Mr, Gladstone on Mr. Hope-Scott.
+
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott's duties as trustee and guardian of the Duke of Norfolk had
+lasted altogether eight years, when they terminated of course on the Duke's
+attaining his majority, on December 27, 1868. The speech made by Mr. Hope-
+Scott, at the banquet given by the Duke in the Baron's Hall at Arundel
+Castle, to the Mayor and Corporation of Arundel, on the following day, was
+a striking and beautiful one. I copy a few lines of it from the summary
+given in the 'Tablet' of January 16, 1869:--
+
+Mr. Hope-Scott paid a well-merited tribute to the virtues of the Duchess
+when he said that if they observed in the Duke earnestness and yet
+gentleness, strict justice and yet most liberal and charitable feelings,
+neglect of himself and attention to the wants of all around him, let them
+remember that his mother brought him up. The guardianship being now over,
+the ward must go forward on the battle-field of life, depending not upon
+his rank or property, but upon his own prudence, his own courage, but above
+all, his fidelity to God. It was true that his path was strewn with the
+broken weapons and defaced armour of many who had gone forth amidst
+acclamations as loud and promises as bright, but the groundworks of hope in
+his case were the nobility of his father's character, the prayers of his
+mother, the strong domestic affections which belong to pure and single-
+minded youths, great powers of observation, great vigour of will, and the
+daily and habitual influence under which he knew that he lived, of well-
+reasoned and well-regulated religion.
+
+The celebrations at Arundel were, I believe, the last occasion, unconnected
+with his profession, at which Mr. Hope-Scott ever spoke in public. He had
+already, for some years, showed signs of failing health. It used to be
+supposed, as has been previously mentioned, from the facility of his manner
+in pleading, that he got through his work with little trouble. People
+little knew what commonly happened when he reached home, after the day's
+pleading was over. Such was his state of lassitude, that he would drop,
+like a load, upon the first chair he found, and instantly fall into a
+profound sleep: sometimes he was half carried, thus unconscious, to bed, or
+sometimes placed at table, and made to swallow a little food. Even when the
+prostration was not so overpowering, the chances were that he would fall
+fast asleep, at dinner or at dessert, in the middle of a sentence. All this
+resembles very closely what Thiers related of himself to Mr. Senior. The
+French statesman, after a day of Parliamentary battle, had often to be
+carried to his bed by his servants, as motionless and helpless as a corpse.
+This strange torpor, after extreme intellectual exertion, seems to have
+been observed in Mr. Hope-Scott from a very early stage in his career,
+during the great railway excitement of 1845. It was probably connected with
+the shock given to his constitution, in his infancy, by the fever at
+Florence. There was always a kind of struggle going on in his system.
+Unfortunately, throughout his professional life he never took proper
+exercise. It was, however, in vain to advise him on this point. He said he
+could not _both_ work hard and take exercise also, or would playfully
+insist that he had sufficient exercise in pleading. 'Why don't you go out?'
+asked a friend. 'Don't you think,' replied Mr. Hope-Scott, 'that the work
+in committee gives a man sufficient exercise? Cicero considered making a
+speech was exercise.' This great mistake was the more to be wondered at in
+Mr. Hope-Scott, as he had had the advantage of an early initiation into
+field sports.
+
+He never, indeed, seems to have liked riding. He used to say he had
+_once_ been out on a steeplechase at Arundel, and sometimes he went
+out shooting there, but these were exceptional occasions. His chief active
+amusements, gardening and architecture, were insufficient to compensate the
+depression caused by the tremendous strain of half the year at Westminster.
+
+
+In the year 1856 he was exceedingly unwell, and the failure in his health
+became very appreciable, his physician telling him that he had 'the heart
+of an overworked brain.' Within two years after this, the violence of his
+grief at Mrs. Hope-Scott's death further disordered him. He had an illness
+in 1865, and again a serious one in 1867, which, however, he got over, and
+went on as usual, but became more unwieldy, and suffered much from impeded
+circulation.
+
+It happened also, soon after this, that the breaking up of some very dear
+associations, or sure signs of it, began to give warning that the end of
+all things was at hand. On March 29, 1868, rather suddenly, died Mr.
+Badeley, the most affectionate and faithful friend of so many years. On
+hearing of his illness Mr. Hope-Scott had hastened home from Hyères to
+assist him, and was with him each day till the last. Dr. Newman wrote the
+following letter on this occasion:--
+
+_The Very Rev. Dr. Newman to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C._
+
+Rednall: March 31, 1868.
+
+My dear Hope-Scott,--What a heavy, sudden, unexpected blow! I shall not
+see him now till I cross the stream which he has crossed. How dense is
+our ignorance of the future! a darkness which can be felt, and the keenest
+consequence and token of the Fall. Till we remind ourselves of what we
+are--in a state of punishment--such surprises make us impatient, and
+almost angry, alas!
+
+But my blow is nothing to yours, though you had the great consolation of
+sitting by his side and being with him to the last. What a fulness of
+affection he poured out on you and yours! and how he must have rejoiced to
+have your faithful presence with him while he was going! This is your joy
+and your pain.
+
+Now he has the recompense for that steady, well-ordered, perpetual course
+of devotion and obedience which I ever admired in him, and felt to be so
+much above anything that I could reach. All or most of us have said mass
+for him, I am sure, this morning; certainly we two have who are here.
+
+I did not write to you during the past fortnight, thinking it would only
+bother you, and knowing I should hear if there was anything to tell. But
+you have been as much surprised as any one at his sudden summons. I knew it
+was the beginning of the end, but thought it was only the beginning. How
+was it his medical men did not know better?
+
+I suppose the funeral is on Saturday. God bless and keep and sustain you.
+
+Ever yours most affectionately,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN.
+
+The year had not yet come round when the last correspondence passed between
+Mr. Hope-Scott and another dear friend, Dr. Hamilton, Bishop of Salisbury,
+his brother-Fellow at Merton so many years before.
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to the Eight Rev. Dr. Hamilton (Bishop of
+Salisbury)_.
+
+Hyères: March 10, 1869.
+
+My dear Friend,--I have watched the papers with anxiety, and learnt all I
+could from home about your health, but have been unwilling to trouble you
+with a letter. However, Manning has just been here, and we naturally spoke
+with our old affection of you, and joined in hopes for your welfare; and I
+thought you might like to know that two of your oldest friends have been so
+engaged. Hence these few lines. May GOD keep you!
+
+Yours ever affectionately,
+
+JAMES E. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+_The Right Rev. Dr. Hamilton (Bishop of Salisbury) to J. R. Hope-Scott,
+Esq., Q.C._
+
+33 Grosvenor Street: March 13, 1869.
+
+My dearly loved Friend,--I have received your note, _non sine multis
+lachrymis_, and though I am too weak to write or answer myself, I must
+dictate a few words of thankfulness to it. Few trials of my life I have
+felt with such keenness as my separation from two such friends, from whom I
+have learnt so much, and whom I have loved and love so dearly as Manning
+and yourself. Perhaps this feeling for you both has helped to prevent my
+doing that which it has been my daily aim not to do, namely, to hinder
+either by word or deed that object which I venture to say is as dear to me
+as to you--the reunion of Christendom. May GOD forgive me anything which
+has led me to lose sight of this in all my ministrations! Nothing, however,
+would tend more to forward this than a just and charitable estimate of the
+claims of the Church of England on the part of the authorities of your
+communion. I have dictated these few words, and my chaplain, Liddon, has
+written them exactly as I have dictated them, and I beg you to receive them
+as a legacy of affection and deep respect from your old brother-Fellow.
+
+W. K. SARUM.
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q. C. to the Rev. Canon Liddon_.
+
+Villa Favart, Hyères: March 17, 1869.
+
+My dear Sir,--Accept my grateful thanks for the letter which you added to
+that of my very dear friend the Bishop. To him I do not write, for it is
+plain that he should make no exertion that can be avoided; but I trust to
+your kindness to assure him that I was indeed deeply moved--more than I can
+well say--both by his love for me and by his sufferings, and that my
+prayers, and those of others far more worthy than myself, are offered to
+GOD for him.
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+And another twelvemonth had not been completed before Mr. Hope-Scott's
+attached friend and familiar neighbour of many years (both in London and at
+Hyères), Serjeant Bellasis, was visibly nearing his departure. [Footnote:
+He lingered till January 24, 1873.] The following letters witness, in a
+most touching manner, to their mutual affection, and to that of Dr. Newman
+for them both:--
+
+_The Very Rev, Dr. Newman to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C._
+
+The Oratory: March 3, '70.
+
+My dear Hope-Scott,--After writing a conversational letter to Bellasis
+yesterday, I heard at night so sad an account, which I had not anticipated,
+of his pain and his weakness and want of sleep, that I not only was
+distressed that it had gone, and felt that it would harass him to receive a
+second letter so soon, and, as he would anticipate, as unseasonable as the
+former. Therefore I enclose with this a few lines to him, which you can let
+him have when you think right.
+
+I do not undervalue the seriousness of your first letter about him, and
+have had him constantly in my mind; but I did not contemplate his pain, or
+his sudden decline. I thought it would be a long business, but now I find
+that the complaint is making its way.
+
+What a severe blow it must be to you! but to me, in my own way, it is very
+great too, though in a different way; for, though I am not in his constant
+society as you are, he has long been _pars magna_ of this place, and
+he has, by his various acts of friendship through a succession of years,
+created for himself a presence in my thoughts, so that the thought of being
+without him carries with it the sense of a void, to which it is difficult
+to assign a limit. Three æquales I shall have lost--Badeley, H. Bowden, and
+Bellasis; and such losses seem to say that I have no business here myself.
+It is the penalty of living to lose the great props of life. What a
+melancholy prospect for his poor boys! When you have an opportunity, say
+everything kind from me to Mrs. Bellasis. I shall, I trust, say two masses
+a week for him. He is on our prayer lists. What a vanity is life! how it
+crumbles under one's touch!
+
+I hope you are getting strong, and that this does not weigh too heavily on
+you....
+
+Ever yours affectionately,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN.
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to the Very Rev. Dr. Newman_.
+
+Hotel d'Orient, Hyères, Var, France:
+
+March 6, '70.
+
+Dear F. Newman,--I received yours yesterday evening, but withhold the
+enclosure for Bellasis, as I think it might do him harm. [After giving a
+somewhat better account of his friend's health:]
+
+Masses and prayers I am sure he has many, and I know how grateful he is for
+your deep interest in him.... Should he be able to get out, I hope for more
+progress: but, with slight exceptions, he has now been confined to the
+house for weeks. However, his patience helps his greatly, and when, as
+lately he has often been, free from pain, his cheerfulness revives, and
+with it his interest in the works he has undertaken, and the subjects which
+have long interested him.
+
+I am sure that the dedication of your new work [the 'Grammar of Assent'] to
+him affects him, as that of your poems did Badeley, in a very soothing way.
+Few have such extensive means of testifying to their friendships as you
+have.
+
+Yours affectionately,
+
+JAMES E. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+Repeated griefs of this kind would not be without their effect on Mr. Hope-
+Scott's own already failing health. By 1870 the physicians pronounced that
+there was functional, though not organic, disease of the heart, the valve
+losing its power to close. He spoke of this himself to a near relative at
+the time, adding that he had immediately asked whether he might expect the
+end to come suddenly; but had been told that in all probability it would
+not, and that he would have warning of its approach. He now began to talk
+of retiring, and did take the first step, by giving up a certain number of
+causes. But he said to a professional friend: 'I own I dread giving up; it
+is almost like the excitement of racing, and the reaction would be so
+strong, life so flat, when such an interest is lost, and the stimulus
+over.' Before this happened, meeting another friend in the street, who had
+wisely retreated in time, Mr. Hope-Scott asked him how he got on? 'Oh, very
+well; I fall back on my old classics--don't you do the same?' 'Oh no,'
+replied Mr. Hope-Scott; 'when I go to the country, I find it indispensable
+to allow my mind to lie entirely fallow. I live in the open air, go on
+planting, and do no mental work whatever.'
+
+This was the state of things when he had suddenly to meet a new sorrow, and
+the last. A son, indeed (James Fitzalan), was born to him on December 18,
+1870, thus replacing the long wished-for blessing which had been given and
+withdrawn; but Lady Victoria's health had for years been enfeebled, a fever
+came on, and, after lingering for a time between life and death, she
+expired at Norfolk House on December 20, aged only thirty, leaving three
+little girls, besides the newly born babe. It happened on this occasion, as
+so often in Mr. Hope-Scott's life, that he had persuaded himself that
+things would be as he wished they should. He never believed that Lady
+Victoria was dying, though she was in her agony, and had been senseless for
+ten days; nay, he could hardly be made to think it, even at the last
+moment; and this time he never recovered the shock. The morning after the
+funeral [Footnote: Lady Victoria Hope-Scott was laid beside her father and
+her two infant children in the vault at Arundel Castle.] he said that he
+considered he had had a warning that night--the disease had made a stride.
+He had never contemplated surviving his wife, and had made all arrangements
+on the supposition that he was to die before her. On the very night that
+followed he altered his will. He sent for his confidential clerk, destroyed
+quantities of papers, and, in short, evidently considered himself a dying
+man. He now definitively retired from his profession, and, though he
+survived for more than two years, what remains to be told is little more
+than the story of a last illness.
+
+The years 1871 and 1872, indeed, passed tranquilly enough, as if there was
+a lull and a silence after the storm. Mr. Hope-Scott resided chiefly at
+Abbotsford, and devoted part of his leisure in the first year to preparing
+an edition (the Centenary) of the Abridgment of Lockhart's 'Life of Scott.'
+[Footnote: _The Life of Sir Walter Scott, Earl., abridged from the larger
+work_, by J. C. Lockhart, with a Prefatory Letter by James R. Hope-
+Scott, Esq., Q.C. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black, 1871.] He also thought
+that it was time for the larger 'Life' to be revised, and the extracts from
+letters to be compared with the originals, &c., and actually began the task
+after the republication of the Abridgment, but, I believe, very soon gave
+it up. He dedicated the Abridgment to Mr. Gladstone, whose letter in reply
+to his proposal to do so is subjoined:--
+
+_The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P. to J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C._
+
+11 Carlton House Terrace, S.W.
+
+March 25, '71.
+
+My dear Hope-Scott,--...I learn with pleasure that you now find yourself
+able to make the effort necessary for applying yourself to what I trust you
+will find a healthful and genial employment.
+
+You offer me a double temptation, to which I yield with but too much
+readiness. I am glad of anything which associates my name with yours; and I
+feel it a great honour to be marked out in the public view by your
+selection of me as a loyal admirer of Scott, towards whom, both as writer
+and as man, I cannot help entertaining feelings, perhaps (though this is
+saying much) even bordering upon excess.
+
+Honesty binds me to wish you would do better for your purpose, but if you
+do not think any other plan desirable, I accept your proposal with thanks.
+Believe me
+
+Affectionately yours,
+
+W. E. GLADSTONE.
+
+J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C.
+
+From the letter of dedication, which I should have been glad, if space had
+permitted, to give as a whole, I subjoin the opening and closing
+paragraphs, with notices (inclusive of some critical remarks) of the deeply
+interesting pages which intervene:--
+
+_J. R. Hope-Scott, Esq., Q.C. to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P._
+
+
+Arundel Castle: April 10, 1871.
+
+My dear Gladstone,--Although our friendship has endured for many years, and
+has survived great changes, it is not on account of my affection for you
+that I have desired to connect these pages with your name. It is because
+from you, more than from any one else who is now alive, I have received
+assurances of that strong and deep admiration of Walter Scott, both as an
+author and as a man, which I have long felt myself, and which I heartily
+agree with you in wishing to extend and perpetuate. On my part, such a
+desire might on other grounds be natural; on yours it can only spring from
+the conviction, which I know you to entertain, that both the writings and
+the personal history of that extraordinary man, while affording
+entertainment of the purest kind, and supplying stores of information which
+can nowhere else be so pleasantly acquired, have in them a great deal which
+no student of human nature ought to neglect, and much also which those who
+engage in the struggle of life with high purposes--men who are prepared to
+work earnestly and endure nobly--cannot pass without loss.
+
+[After quoting passages from Mr. Gladstone's letters to himself, showing
+the hold which Walter Scott had over his friend's mind, Mr. Hope-Scott
+states his reasons for abandoning his original idea of having a new Life
+written, and for preferring to publish an Abridgment of it, and the
+Abridgment by Lockhart himself:--]
+
+A work of art in writing is subject to the same rules as one in painting or
+in architecture. Those who seek to represent it in a reduced form must,
+above all things, study its proportions, and make their reduction equal
+over all its parts. But, in the case of written compositions, there are no
+mechanical appliances as there are in painting and architecture, for
+varying the scale; and there is, moreover, a greater difficulty in catching
+the leading principle of the design, and thus establishing the starting-
+point for the process which is to follow. Hence, an abridgment by the
+author himself must necessarily be the best--indeed, the only true
+abridgment of what he has intended in his larger work; and I deem it very
+fortunate that Cadell's influence overcame Lockhart's repugnance to the
+task....
+
+There is [however] an abiding reason why Scott's personal history should
+not be too freely generalised, and an abstract notion be substituted for
+the real man.... In Scott, if in any man, what was remarkable was the
+sustained and continuous power of his character. It is to be traced in the
+smallest things as well as in the greatest; in his daily habits as much as
+in his public actions; in his fancies and follies as well as in his best
+and wisest doings. Everywhere we find the same power of imagination, and
+the same energy of will; and, though it has been said that no man is a hero
+to his _valet-de-chambre_, I am satisfied that Scott's most familiar
+attendants never doubted his greatness, or looked upon him with less
+respect than those who judged him as he stood forth amidst the homage of
+the world. In dealing with such a character, it is hardly necessary to say
+that the omission of details becomes, after a certain point, a serious
+injury to the truth of the whole portrait; and if any man should object
+that this volume is not short enough, I should be tempted to answer, that
+if he reads by foot-rule, he had better not think of studying, in any
+shape, the life of Walter Scott.
+
+[In what follows, Mr. Hope-Scott speaks of 'the depth and tenderness of
+feeling which Lockhart, in daily life, so often hid under an almost fierce
+reserve,' and regards it as matter of thankfulness that he was spared the
+suffering he would have felt in the death of his only daughter, 'whose
+singular likeness to her mother must have continually recalled to him both
+the features and the character of her of whom he wrote' those touching
+words in the original Life which Mr. Hope-Scott quotes, with evident
+application to his own bereavement, to which he makes a short and sad
+reference. He concludes:--]
+
+And now, my dear Gladstone, _vive valeque_. You have already earned a
+noble place in the history of your country, and though there is one great
+subject on which we differ, I am able heartily to desire that your future
+career may be as distinguished as your past. But since it is only too
+certain that the highest honours of statesmanship can neither be won nor
+held without exertions which are full of danger to those who make them, I
+will add the further wish, that you may long retain, as safeguards to your
+health, your happiness, and your usefulness, that fresh and versatile
+spirit, and that strong sense of the true and beautiful, which have caused
+you to be addressed on this occasion by Your affectionate friend,
+
+JAMES R. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone.
+
+Dr. Newman's letter, on receiving from Mr. Hope-Scott a copy of the
+Abridgment, is full of interest:--
+
+_The Very Rev. Dr. Newman to J. R. Hope-Scott., Esq., Q.C._
+
+The Oratory: May 14, 1871.
+
+My dear Hope-Scott,--Thank you for your book. In one sense I deserve it; I
+have ever had such a devotion, I may call it, to Walter Scott. As a boy, in
+the early summer mornings I read 'Waverley' and 'Guy Mannering' in bed,
+when they first came out, before it was time to get up; and long before
+that, I think, when I was eight years old, I listened eagerly to the 'Lay
+of the Last Minstrel,' which my mother and aunt were reading aloud. When he
+was dying I was continually thinking of him, with Keble's words--'If ever
+floating from faint earthly lyre,' &c. (Sixth after Trin.). [Footnote:
+Compare a letter of Dr. Newman's to J. R. Hope in 1852. See _ante_, p.
+143.]
+
+It has been a trouble to me that his works seemed to be so forgotten now.
+Our boys know very little about them. I think F. Ambrose had to give a
+prize for getting up 'Kenilworth.' Your letter to Gladstone sadly confirms
+it. I wonder whether there will ever be a crisis and correction of the
+evil? It arises from the facilities of publication. Every season bears its
+own crop of books, and every fresh season ousts the foregoing. Books are
+all annuals; and, to revive Scott, you must annihilate the existing
+generation of writers, which is legion. If it so fares with Scott, still
+more does it so fare with Johnson, Addison, Pope, and Shakespeare. Perhaps
+the competitive examinations may come to the aid. You should get Gladstone
+to bring about a list of classics, and force them upon candidates. I do not
+see any other way of mending matters. I wish I heard a better account of
+you.
+
+Ever yours affectionately,
+
+JOHN H. NEWMAN.
+
+During all this time Mr. Hope-Scott's health continued steadily to fail;
+yet he suffered rather from malaise than from any acute symptoms. Now and
+then there were gleams in which he seemed better for a space, but they were
+but as the flickerings of the flame in the socket. In March 1872
+Bournemouth was tried. In the summer of that year he was in Scotland, and
+in July had the great happiness of receiving a visit of about a fortnight
+from Dr. Newman at Abbotsford, which revived the memories of twenty years--
+for so long was the interval since his former visit. This, I suppose, was
+the last occasion of Mr. Hope-Scott's entertaining guests. He was able to
+move about quietly; old times were gently talked over, and there was
+nothing to show that the great separation was very imminent. It was even
+possible, the doctors had told him when the disease was first apparent, to
+linger under it for twenty years. Thus the last days at Abbotsford looked
+as if lit up by the setting sun. He fell off, however, a day or two after
+Dr. Newman left; went first to Luffness, and in October, whilst staying in
+Edinburgh, the heart affection becoming worse, he seemed, for a time, in
+immediate danger; yet rallied, and removed to London by easy stages,
+halting first at Newcastle and then at Peterborough. Owing to the
+thoughtful kindness of Mr. H. Hope, of Luffness, he was accompanied by Dr.
+Howden, the family physician at Luffness. It was, however, a most anxious
+journey, and it often seemed doubtful whether he would reach his
+destination alive. Soon after his arrival in London he had a dangerous
+attack, and received the last sacraments, with the Holy Father's blessing.
+This was at No. 7 Hyde Park Place, a house which he had taken conjointly
+with his widowed sister-in-law, the Hon. Mrs. G. W. Hope; and here, under
+her affectionate care, and that of his daughter, Mary Monica, Mr. Hope-
+Scott spent the few months that remained to him.
+
+Miss Hope-Scott (now the Hon. Mrs. Maxwell Scott), during those months,
+kept a diary, commencing March 13, 1873, of all that passed, which she has
+kindly placed in my hands. At first the entries were usually of 'a good
+night,' and 'tired,' or 'very tired,' during the day, though he is
+occasionally able to go into the library, to talk a little with his infant
+children in their turns, and to see near relatives from time to time. Soon
+the nights get less good, the days more languid, and he is seldom able to
+leave his room. For about a fortnight (April 4-17) there seemed a slight
+improvement, but this did not last, and on April 28 there was a great
+change for the worse. Sir W. Jenner, Sir W. Gull, and Mr. Sims held a
+consultation, and pronounced very unfavourably. Father Clare, S. J.,
+brought the Blessed Sacrament, and spent the night in the house. The
+following morning, Tuesday, April 29, he heard his confession, and gave him
+Holy Communion. It was the morning on which he usually received. The two
+physicians hesitated about Extreme Unction being administered, for fear of
+causing excitement. But, on the priest's asking him what he wished, the
+reply at once was, 'Dear Father, give me all you can, and all the helps
+which Holy Church can bestow.' During the administration of the sacrament
+he answered all the prayers himself; and the physicians, on leaving the
+room, said there had not been the least excitement. I take these
+particulars from a letter of Father Clare's to the Hon. Mrs. Maxwell Scott,
+in which he also says: 'During the whole of his illness I never knew him to
+show the slightest impatience, I never heard one murmur; but in all our
+conversation there was _invariably_ a cheerful resignation to the holy
+will of our good God. His lively faith and wonderful fervour in receiving
+Holy Communion, which was at least twice a week, I have never seen
+surpassed.'
+
+The Duke of Norfolk was telegraphed for from Arundel. He arrived about 2
+P.M. Mr. Hope-Scott was able to see him, spoke of the blessing which his
+church would bring on him (the splendid church of St. Philip's, Arundel,
+just completed by the Duke), and promised to pray for him the next day,
+when it was to be opened. Sir William Gull now left hardly any hope. The
+ceremony of the opening of the church was deferred, and all the Arundel
+party arrived that night. The following is the last paragraph in the
+diary:--
+
+'In the afternoon, dear papa, after taking something, said out loud his
+favourite prayer, "_Fiat, laudetur_." [Footnote: This prayer is as
+follows: _Fiat, laudetur, atque in æternum superexultetur, justissima,
+altissima, et amabilissima voluntas Dei in omnibus. Amen._] Then,
+looking at me, he said, "God's will be done," and asked me to say some
+prayers. I said the _Angelus_, in which he joined, and the "Offering."
+Father Clare comes about five, and goes out, to return about seven, meaning
+to spend the night again. A little before seven I was in the library with
+Aunt Lucy and Uncle Henry. Aunt Car. suddenly called me, and we all went
+in. I gave dearest papa the crucifix to kiss, and Uncle Henry read the
+prayers. Edward [Footnote: The persons mentioned by their Christian names
+in this paragraph of the diary are--Lady Henry Kerr, Lord Henry Kerr, the
+Hon. Mrs. G. W. Hope, and her son, Mr. Edward Stanley Hope, nephew to Mr.
+Hope-Scott, and now (1883) one of the Charity Commissioners for England and
+Wales.] was there too, Mr. Dunn, &c.
+
+'He died very peacefully and calmly, about seven.'
+
+To this is only to be added that there was conveyed to Mr. Hope-Scott on
+his death-bed the special blessing of his Holiness Pope Pius IX.
+
+Shortly after death, the body having been laid out, according to Catholic
+custom, with lights round the bed and flowers upon it, a sudden change was
+observed to have come over the face of the deceased, which assumed a
+totally different expression. All signs of sickness or pain seemed to
+vanish, and in one minute he had become like what he used to be in very
+early years. Readers who may perhaps have witnessed a change of the kind,
+which is not unfrequent, will understand the striking remark made by a
+friend on this occasion: 'It is sometimes given to the dead to reveal their
+blessedness to the living.'
+
+The following particulars of the Requiem Mass for Mr. Hope-Scott, and of
+the funeral, are taken, with alterations and omissions, from newspapers of
+the day (the 'Tablet' of May 10; 'Scotsman,' May 6 and 8; and 'Edinburgh
+Courant,' May 8, 1873).
+
+The Requiem Mass for the repose of the soul of the late Mr. Hope-Scott,
+Q.C., took place at the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street,
+on Monday, May 5, at eleven o'clock. The coffin was removed, on the
+previous evening, from Hyde Park Place, and laid on a splendid catafalque
+in the church. The mass was celebrated by the Very Rev. Fr. Whitty,
+Provincial of the Jesuits, _coram Archiepiscopo_; and the sermon was
+preached by the Very Rev. Father (now his Eminence Cardinal) Newman (by
+whose kind permission it is placed in the Appendix to this volume).
+Cherubini's Second Requiem in D minor, for male voices only, was used. Weak
+with old age and sorrow, Father Newman had almost to be led to the pulpit,
+but the simple vigour of language and the lucidity of style so peculiarly
+his own remained what they had ever been. When, towards the conclusion of
+his discourse, he came to speak of the last hours of the deceased, Father
+Newman almost broke down, and for a moment it seemed that his feelings
+would prevent him from finishing. The solemnity of the occasion--the church
+draped in black, the old man come so far purposely to pay the last offices
+to his friend--produced such an impression on those who witnessed it as
+they are not likely to forget.
+
+Among the clergy and laity present were--Mgr. Weld, the Hon. and Rev. Dr.
+Talbot, Revs. E. G. Macmullen, C. B. Garside, Father Fitzsimon, S. J.,
+Father Clare, and the Fathers, S. J., of Mount Street; Father Coleridge, S.
+J., Father Amherst, S. J., Father Christie, S. J., Father Dalgairns, of the
+Oratory, the Duke of Norfolk, the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, the
+Marquis and Marchioness of Lothian, Cecil, Marchioness Dowager of Lothian,
+the Marchioness of Bute, Lord and Lady Howard of Glossop, Lord Henry Kerr,
+Mr. Hope of Luffness, Mr. Edward S. Hope, Mr. Herbert Hope, Field-marshal
+Sir William Gomm and Lady Gomm, Lord Edmund Howard, the Earl of Denbigh,
+Lady Herbert of Lea, Lady Georgiana Fullerton, Mr. Allies, Mr. Langdale,
+&c.
+
+The Dowager Duchess of Norfolk and the Ladies Howard, Mr. Hope-Scott's
+daughters, the Hon. Mrs. George W. Hope and Misses Hope, and Lady Henry
+Kerr, occupied a separate tribune.
+
+On Wednesday, May 7, the remains of Mr. Hope-Scott, Q.C., were interred in
+the vaults of St. Margaret's Convent, Bruntsfield, Edinburgh. The coffin
+had been conveyed from London on Tuesday, and was placed on a catafalque
+within the choir of the chapel, where several sisters of the community
+(Ursulines of Jesus) watched until the morning. The catafalque was draped
+in black, surrounded by massive silver candlesticks hung with crape, and
+lit up with numerous wax candles. The altar, sanctuary, organ, and choir
+gallery were hung with black cloth. The east aisle of the chapel was
+occupied by the relatives and friends of the deceased; the west aisle by
+the young ladies of the convent school, about fifty in number, dressed in
+white, and with white veils, and the household servants from Abbotsford;
+whilst at the south were persons who had received special invitations. In
+the stalls of the choir were the clergy, and the sisters of the convent in
+their accustomed places.
+
+The ceremonies commenced at eleven o'clock, when a procession, consisting
+of the cross-bearer and acolytes, the clergy in attendance, and the Right
+Rev. Dr. Strain, Bishop of Abila, V.A. of the Eastern District of Scotland,
+entered the chapel at the great south door, and marched slowly up the
+centre of the choir to the sanctuary, the organ sounding whilst the bell
+was heard tolling in the distance. The Bishop was attended by the Rev.
+George Rigg, St. Mary's, and the Rev. Mr. Clapperton. The Rev. W. Turner
+acted as master of the ceremonies; the Rev. Father Foxwell, S. J., said the
+Mass, which, by the express desire of the deceased, was a Low Mass,
+although accompanied by music (Father Foxwell, stationed at Galashiels,
+frequently said Mass at Abbotsford). During the Mass, among other exquisite
+music sung by the choir, was the _Dies Irae_. The Rev. W. J. Amherst,
+S. J., Norwich, a great personal friend of Mr. Hope-Scott's, preached the
+sermon (which, by his kind permission, is placed in the Appendix to this
+volume).
+
+Bishop Strain then read the Burial Service in front of the bier, and
+concluded by giving the absolution. The procession was then formed, and
+during the singing of the _Dies Irae_ emerged from the church, and
+walked to the vault, in the following order:--cross-bearer and acolytes,
+the young ladies of the convent school, the _religieuses_ of the
+community of St. Margaret's, the clergy and Bishop, then the coffin, borne
+shoulder-high, and attended by the pall-bearers, the Duke of Norfolk, Lord
+Henry Kerr, Mr. H. W. Hope of Luffness, and Dr. Lockhart of Milton
+Lockhart. The ladies who followed the coffin were Miss Hope-Scott, the Hon.
+Mrs. G. W. Hope, Lady Henry Kerr, and Mrs. Francis Kerr. Then followed the
+relatives and friends, servants, and tenant-farmers of Abbotsford.
+
+The procession marched slowly from the quadrangle in front of the chapel
+northwards to the entrance to the vaults, the sisters of the community
+chanting the psalm _Miserere_. It opened up at the mortuary door, and
+the coffin was borne into the vault, and placed in the recess assigned to
+it beside the coffin of his first wife, and under those of his two
+children. A short service here took place, the _Benedictus_ was sung,
+and the funeral service terminated.
+
+The outer coffin, which was of richly polished oak, bound with brass
+ornaments, had a beautiful crucifix on the lid, and beneath, a shield,
+bearing the following inscription:--
+
+'JAMES EGBERT HOPE-SCOTT, THIRD SON OF GENERAL
+SIR ALEXANDER HOPE, OF LUFFNESS AND RANKEILLOUR. BORN JULY 15, 1812. DIED
+APRIL 29, 1873. MAY HE REST IN PEACE.'
+
+I have now placed before the reader the materials from which he will be
+enabled in some measure to judge what Mr. Hope-Scott was, and how he
+appeared to those around him. But to all beauty of character there belongs
+a lustre, outside of and beyond it, which genius alone can portray. This
+task has fortunately been performed by two of his most intimate friends, of
+whose genius it is needless to say a word--Cardinal Newman and Mr.
+Gladstone--by whose kind permission their respective papers on his life
+will be appended to this volume. With reference to certain expressions on
+religious subjects in Mr. Gladstone's Letter, it will be remembered that it
+here appears as a biographical and historical document, and therefore
+without omissions--a remark which I feel assured that the illustrious
+writer will not misinterpret, and that both will accept the gratitude and
+admiration due from all surviving friends of Mr. Hope-Scott, for the
+splendid tribute which each of them has given to a memory so dear.
+
+APPENDIX I.
+
+_Funeral Sermon by his Eminence Cardinal Newman, preached at the Requiem
+Mass for Mr. Hope-Scott, at the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm
+Street, May_ 5, 1873.
+
+I have been asked by those whose wish at such a moment is a command, to say
+a few words on the subject of the sorrowful, the joyful solemnity which has
+this morning brought us together. A few words are all that is necessary,
+all that is possible; just so many as are sufficient to unite the separate
+thoughts, the separate memories, the separate stirrings of affection, which
+are awakened in us by the presence in our midst of what remains on earth of
+the dear friend, of the great soul, whom we have lost,--sufficient to open
+a communication and create a sympathy between mind and mind, and to be a
+sort of testimony of one to another in behalf of feelings which each of us
+has in common with all.
+
+Yet how am I the fit person even for as much as this? I can do no more than
+touch upon some of those many points which the thought of him suggests to
+me; and, whatever I may know of him and say of him, how can this be taken
+as the measure of one whose mind had so many aspects, and who must, in
+consequence, have made such distinct impressions, and exercised such
+various claims, on the hearts of those who came near him?
+
+It is plain, without my saying it, that there are those who knew him far
+better than I could know him. How can I be the interpreter of their
+knowledge or their feelings? How can I hope by any words of mine to do a
+service to those who knew so well the depths of his rare excellence by a
+continuous daily intercourse with him, and by the recurring special
+opportunities given to them of its manifestation?
+
+I only know what he was to me. I only know what his loss is to me. I only
+know that he is one of those whose departure hence has made the heavens
+dark to me. But I have never lived with him, or travelled with him; I have
+seen him from time to time; I have visited him; I have corresponded with
+him; I have had mutual confidences with him. Our lines of duty have lain in
+very different directions. I have known him as a friend knows friend in the
+tumult and the hurry of life. I have known him well enough to know how much
+more there was to know in him; and to look forward, alas! in vain, to a
+time when, in the evening and towards the close of life, I might know him
+more. I have known him enough to love him very much, and to sorrow very
+much that here I shall not see him again. But then I reflect, if I, who did
+not know him as he might be known, suffer as I do, what must be their
+suffering who knew him so well?
+
+1. I knew him first, I suppose, in 1837 or 1838, thirty-five or six years
+ago, a few years after he had become Fellow of Merton College. He expressed
+a wish to know me. How our friendship grew I cannot tell; I must soon have
+been intimate with him, from the recollection I have of letters which
+passed between us; and by 1841 I had recourse to him, as a sort of natural
+adviser, when I was in difficulty. From that time I ever had recourse to
+him, when I needed advice, down to his last illness. On my first intimacy
+with him he had not reached the age of thirty. I was many years older; yet
+he had that about him, even when a young man, which invited and inspired
+confidence. It was difficult to resist his very presence. True, indeed, I
+can fancy those who saw him but once and at a distance, surprised and
+perplexed by that lofty fastidiousness and keen wit which were natural to
+him; but such a misapprehension of him would vanish forthwith when they
+drew near to him, and had actual trial of him; especially, as I have said,
+when they had to consult him, and had experience of the simplicity,
+seriousness, and (I can use no other word) the sweetness of his manner, as
+he threw himself at once into their ideas and feelings, listened patiently
+to them, and spoke out the clear judgment which he formed of the matters
+which they had put before him.
+
+This is the first and the broad view I am led to take of him. He was,
+emphatically, a friend in need. And this same considerateness and sympathy
+with which he met those who asked the benefit of his opinion in matters of
+importance was, I believe, his characteristic in many other ways in his
+intercourse with those towards whom he stood in various relations. He was
+always prompt, clear, decided, and disinterested. He entered into their
+pursuits, though dissimilar to his own; he took an interest in their
+objects; he adapted himself to their dispositions and tastes; he brought a
+strong and calm good sense to bear upon their present or their future; he
+aided and furthered them in their doings by his co-operation. Thus he drew
+men around him; and when some grave question or undertaking was in
+agitation, and there was, as is wont, a gathering of those interested in
+it, then, on his making his appearance among them, all present were seen to
+give to him the foremost place, as if he had a claim to it by right; and
+he, on his part, was seen gracefully, and without effort, to accept what
+was conceded to him, and to take up the subject under consideration;
+throwing light upon it, and, as it were, locating it, pointing out what was
+of primary importance in it, what was to be aimed at, and what steps were
+to be taken in it. I am told that, in like manner, when residing on his
+property in France, he was there too made a centre for advice and direction
+on the part of his neighbours, who leant upon him and trusted him in their
+own concerns, as if he had been one of themselves. It was his
+unselfishness, as well as his practical good sense, which won upon them.
+
+Such a man, when, young and ardent, with his advantages of birth and
+position, he entered upon the public world, as it displays itself upon its
+noblest and most splendid stage at Westminster, might be expected to act a
+great part, and to rise to eminence in the profession which he had chosen.
+Not for certain; for the refinement of mind, which was one of his most
+observable traits, is in some cases fatal to a man's success in public
+life. There are those who cannot mix freely with their fellows, especially
+not with those who are below their own level in mental cultivation. They
+are too sensitive for a struggle with rivals, and shrink from the chances
+which it involves. Or they have a shyness, or reserve, or pride, or self-
+consciousness, which restrains them from lavishing their powers on a mixed
+company, and is a hindrance to their doing their best if they try. Thus
+their public exhibition falls short of their private promise. Now, if there
+was a man who was the light and the delight of his own intimates, it was he
+of whom I am speaking; and he loved as tenderly as he was beloved, so that
+he seemed made for domestic life.
+
+Again, there are various departments in his profession, in which the
+particular talents which I have been assigning to him might have had full
+play, and have led to authority and influence, without any need or any
+opportunity for those more brilliant endowments by which popular admiration
+and high distinction are attained. It was by the display of talents of an
+order distinct from clearness of mind, acuteness, and judgment, that he was
+carried forward at once, as an advocate, to that general recognition of his
+powers, which was the response that greeted his first great speech,
+delivered in a serious cause before an august assembly. I think I am right
+in saying that it was in behalf of the Anglican Chapters, threatened by the
+reforming spirit of the day, that he then addressed the House of Lords; and
+the occasion called for the exercise, not only of the talents which I have
+already dwelt upon, but for those which are more directly oratorical. And
+these were not wanting. I never heard him speak; but I believe he had, in
+addition to that readiness and fluency of language, or eloquence, without
+which oratory cannot be, those higher gifts which give to oratory its power
+and its persuasiveness. I can well understand, from what I knew of him in
+private, what these were in his instance. His mien, his manner, the
+expression of his countenance, his youthfulness--I do not mean his youth
+merely, but his youthfulness of mind, which he never lost to the last,--his
+joyous energy, his reasonings so masterly, yet so prompt, his tact in
+disposing of them for his purpose, the light he threw upon obscure, and the
+interest with which he invested dull subjects, his humour, his ready
+resource of mind in emergencies; gifts such as these, so rare, yet so
+popular, were necessary for his success, and he had them at command. On
+that occasion of his handselling them to which I have referred, it was the
+common talk of Oxford, how the most distinguished lawyer of the day, a
+literary man and a critic, on hearing the speech in question, pronounced
+his prompt verdict upon him in the words, 'That young man's fortune is
+made.' And, indeed, it was plain, to those who were in a position to
+forecast the future, that there was no prize, as it is called, of public
+life, to which that young man might not have aspired, if only he had had
+the will.
+
+2. This, then, is what occurs to me to say in the first place, concerning
+the dear friend of whom we are now taking leave. Such as I have described
+were the prospects which opened upon him on his start in life. But now,
+secondly, by way of contrast, what came of them? He might, as time went on,
+almost have put out his hand and taken what he would of the honours and
+rewards of the world. Whether in Parliament, or in the Law, or in the
+branches of the Executive, he had a right to consider no station, no power,
+absolutely beyond his reach. His contemporaries and friends, who fill, or
+have filled, the highest offices in the State, are, in the splendour of
+their several careers, the illustration of his capabilities and his
+promise. But, strange as it may appear at first sight, his indifference to
+the prizes of life was as marked as his qualifications for carrying them
+off. He was singularly void of ambition. To succeed in life is almost a
+universal passion. If it does not often show itself in the high form of
+ambition, this is because few men have an encouragement in themselves or in
+their circumstances to indulge in dreams of greatness. But that a young man
+of bold, large, enterprising mind, of popular talents, of conscious power,
+with initial successes, with great opportunities, one who carried with him
+the good-will and expectation of bystanders, and was cheered on by them to
+a great future, that he should be dead to his own manifest interests, that
+he should be unequal to the occasion, that he should be so false to his
+destiny, that his ethical nature should be so little in keeping with his
+gifts of mind, may easily be represented, not only as strange, but as a
+positive defect, or even a fault. Why are talents given at all, it may be
+asked, but for use? What are great gifts but the correlatives of great
+work? We are not born for ourselves, but for our kind, for our neighbours,
+for our country: it is but selfishness, indolence, a perverse
+fastidiousness, an unmanliness, and no virtue or praise, to bury our talent
+in a napkin, and to return it to the Almighty Giver just as we received it.
+
+
+This is what may be said, and it is scarcely more than a truism to say it;
+for, undoubtedly, who will deny it? Certainly we owe very much to those who
+devote themselves to public life, whether in the direct service of the
+State or in the prosecution of great national or social undertakings. They
+live laborious days, of which we individually reap the benefit;
+nevertheless, admitting this fully, surely there are other ways of being
+useful to our generation still. It must be recollected, that in public life
+a man of elevated mind does not make his own self tell upon others simply
+and entirely. He is obliged to move in a groove. He must act with other
+men; he cannot select his objects, or pursue them by means unadulterated by
+the methods and practices of minds less elevated than his own. He can only
+do what he feels to be second-best. He proceeds on the condition of
+compromise; and he labours at a venture, prosecuting measures so large or
+so complicated that their ultimate issue is uncertain.
+
+Nor of course can I omit here the religious aspect of this question. As
+Christians, we cannot forget how Scripture speaks of the world, and all
+that appertains to it. Human society, indeed, is an ordinance of God, to
+which He gives His sanction and His authority; but from the first an enemy
+has been busy in its depravation. Hence it is that, while in its substance
+it is divine, in its circumstances, tendencies, and results it has much of
+evil. Never do men come together in considerable numbers, but the passion,
+self-will, pride, and unbelief, which may be more or less dormant in them
+one and one, bursts into a flame, and becomes a constituent of their union.
+Even when faith exists in the whole people, even when religious men combine
+for religious purposes, still, when they form into a body, they evidence in
+no long time the innate debility of human nature, and in their spirit and
+conduct, in their avowals and proceedings, they are in grave contrast to
+Christian simplicity and straightforwardness. This is what the sacred
+writers mean by 'the world,' and why they warn us against it; and their
+description of it applies in its degree to all collections and parties of
+men, high and low, national and professional, lay and ecclesiastical.
+
+It would be hard, then, if men of great talent and of special opportunities
+were bound to devote themselves to an ambitious life, whether they would or
+not, at the hazard of being accused of loving their own ease, when their
+reluctance to do so may possibly arise from a refinement and unworldliness
+of moral character. Surely they may prefer more direct ways of serving God
+and man; they may aim at doing good of a nature more distinctly religious,
+at works, safely and surely and beyond all mistake meritorious; at offices
+of kindness, benevolence, and considerateness, personal and particular; at
+labours of love and self-denying exertions, in which their right hand knows
+nothing that is done by their left. As to our dear friend, I have already
+spoken of the influence which he exercised on all around him, on friends or
+strangers with whom he was connected in any way. Here was a large field for
+his active goodness, on which he did not neglect to exert himself. He gave
+others without grudging his thoughts, time, and trouble. He was their
+support and stay. When wealth came to him, he was free in his use of it. He
+was one of those rare men who do not merely give a tithe of their increase
+to their God; he was a fount of generosity ever flowing; it poured out on
+every side; in religious offerings, in presents, in donations, in works
+upon his estates, in care of his people, in almsdeeds. I have been told of
+his extraordinary care of families left in distress, of his aid in
+educating them and putting them out in the world, of his acts of kindness
+to poor converts, to single women, and to sick priests; and I can well
+understand the solicitous and persevering tenderness with which he followed
+up such benevolences towards them from what I have seen in him myself. He
+had a very retentive memory for their troubles and their needs. It was his
+largeness of mind which made him thus open-hearted. As all his plans were
+on a large scale, so were his private charities. And when an object was
+public and required the support of many, then he led the way by a
+munificent contribution himself. He built one church on his property at
+Lochshiel; and another at Galashiels, which he had intended to be the
+centre of a group of smaller ones round about; and he succeeded in actually
+planting one of these at Selkirk. Nor did he confine himself to money
+gifts: it is often more difficult to surrender what we have made our own
+personally, than what has never come actually into our tangible possession.
+He bought books freely, theological, historical, and of general literature;
+but his love of giving was greater than his love of collecting. He could
+not keep them; he gave them away again; he may be said to have given away
+whole libraries. Little means has any one of determining the limits of his
+generosity. I have heard of his giving or offering for great objects sums
+so surprising, that I am afraid to name them. He alone knows the full
+measure of his bounties, who inspired, and will reward it. I do not think
+he knew it himself. I am led to think he did not keep a strict account of
+what he gave away. Certainly I know one case in which he had given to a
+friend many hundreds, and yet seemed to have forgotten it, and was obliged
+to ask him when it was that he had done so.
+
+I should trust that, in what I am saying, I have not given any one the
+impression that he was inconsiderate and indiscriminate in giving. To have
+done this would have been to contradict my experience of him and my
+intention. As far as my opportunities of observing him extended, large as
+were his bounties and charities, as remarkable was the conscientious care
+with which he inquired into the nature and circumstances of the cases for
+which his aid was solicited. He felt he was but the steward of Him who had
+given him what he gave away.
+
+He gave away as the steward of One to whom he must give account. There are
+at this time many philanthropic and benevolent men who think of man only,
+not of God, in their acts of liberality. I have already said enough to show
+that he was not one of these. I have implied the presence in him of that
+sense of religion, or religiousness, which was in fact his intimate and
+true life. And, indeed, liberality such as his, so incessant and minute, so
+well ordered, and directed too towards religious objects, almost of itself
+evidences its supernatural origin. But I insist on it, not only for its own
+sake, but also because it has a bearing upon that absence of ambition
+which, in a man so energetic, so influential, is a very remarkable point of
+character. Viewed in itself, it might be, even though not an Epicurean
+selfishness, still a natural temper, the temper of a magnanimous mind, such
+as might be found in ancient Greece or Rome, as well as in modern times.
+But, in truth, in him it was much more than a gift of nature; it was a
+fruit and token of that religious sensitiveness which had been bestowed on
+him from above. If it really was the fact that his mind and heart were
+fixed upon divine objects, this at once accounts for what was so strange,
+so paradoxical in him in the world's judgment, his distaste for the honours
+and the pageants of earth; and fixed, assuredly they were, upon the
+invisible and eternal. It was a lesson to all who witnessed it, in contrast
+with the appearance of the outward man, so keen and self-possessed amid the
+heat and dust of the world, to see his real inner secret self from time to
+time gleam forth from beneath the working-day dress in which his secular
+occupations enveloped him.
+
+I cannot do justice by my words to the impression which in this respect he
+made on me. He had a tender conscience, but I mean something more than
+that--I mean the emotion of a heart always alive and awake at the thought
+of God. When a religious question came up suddenly in conversation, he had
+no longer the manner and the voice of a man of the world. There was a
+simplicity, earnestness, gravity in his look and in his words, which one
+could not forget. It seemed to me to speak of a loving desire to please
+God, a single-minded preference for His service over every service of man,
+a resolve to approach Him by the ways which He had appointed. It was no
+taking for granted that to follow one's own best opinion was all one with
+obeying His will; no easy persuasion that a vague, obscure sincerity in our
+conclusions about Him and our worship of Him was all that was required of
+us, whether those conclusions belonged to this school of doctrine or that.
+That is, he had deep within him that gift which St. Paul and St. John speak
+of, when they enlarge upon the characteristics of faith. It was the gift of
+faith, of a living, loving faith, such as 'overcomes the world' by seeking
+'a better country, that is, a heavenly.' This it was that kept him so
+'unspotted from the world' in the midst of worldly engagements and
+pursuits.
+
+No wonder, then, that a man thus minded should gradually have been led on
+into the Catholic Church. Judging as we do from the event, we thankfully
+recognise in him an elect soul, for whom, in the decrees of Omnipotent
+Love, a seat in heaven has been prepared from all eternity--whose name is
+engraven on the palms of those Hands which were graciously pierced for his
+salvation. Such eager, reverential thoughts of God as his, prior to his
+recognising the Mother of Saints, are surely but the first tokens of a
+predestination which terminates in heaven. That straightforward, clear,
+good sense which he showed in secular matters did not fail him in religious
+inquiry. There are those who are practical and sensible in all things save
+in religion; but he was consistent; he instinctively turned from bye-ways
+and cross-paths, into which the inquiry might be diverted, and took a
+broad, intelligible view of its issues. And, after he had been brought
+within the Fold, I do not think I can exaggerate the solicitude which he
+all along showed, the reasonable and prudent solicitude, to conform himself
+in all things to the enunciations and the decisions of Holy Church; nor,
+again, the undoubted conviction he has had of her superhuman authority, the
+comfort he has found in her sacraments, and the satisfaction and trust with
+which he betook himself to the intercession of the Blessed Virgin, to the
+glorious St. Michael, to St. Margaret, and all saints.
+
+3. I will make one remark more. I have spoken, first, of his high natural
+gifts, of his various advantages for starting in life, and of his secular
+prospects. Next, in contrast with this first view of him, I have insisted
+on his singular freedom from ambition, and have traced it to that
+religiousness of mind which was so specially his; to his intimate sense of
+the vanity of all secular distinction, and his supreme devotion to Him who
+alone is 'Faithful and True.' And now, when I am brought to the third
+special feature of his life, as it presents itself to me, I find myself
+close to a sacred subject, which I cannot even touch upon without great
+reverence and something of fear.
+
+We might have been led to think that a man already severed in spirit,
+resolve, and acts from the world in which he lived, would have been granted
+by his Lord and Saviour to go forward in his course freely, without any
+unusual trials, such as are necessary in the case of common men for their
+perseverance in the narrow way of life. But those, for whom God has a love
+more than ordinary, He watches over with no ordinary jealousy; and if the
+world smiles on them, He sends them crosses and penances so much the more.
+He is not content that they should be by any common title His; and, because
+they are so dear and near to Him, He provides for them afflictions to bring
+them nearer still. I hope it is not presumptuous thus to speak of the
+inscrutable providences of God. I know that He has His own wise and special
+dealings with every one of us, and that what He determines for one is no
+rule for another. I am contemplating, and, if so be, interpreting, His
+loving ways and purposes only towards the very man before us.
+
+Now, so it was, there was just one aspect of this lower world which he
+might innocently love; just one in which life had charms for a heart as
+affectionate as it was religious. I mean that assemblage of objects which
+are included under the dear name of Home. If there was rest and solace to
+be found on earth, he found it there. Is it not remarkable, then, that in
+this, his sole earthly sanctuary, He who loved him with so infinite a love
+met him, visited him, not once or twice, but again and again, with a stern
+rod of chastisement? Stroke after stroke, blow after blow, stab after stab,
+was dealt against his very heart. 'Great and wonderful are Thy works, O
+Lord God Almighty; just and true are Thy ways, O King of ages. Who shall
+not fear Thee, O Lord, and magnify Thy name? for Thou only art holy.' I may
+speak with more vivid knowledge of him here than in other respects, for I
+was one of the confidants of his extreme suffering under the succession of
+terrible inflictions which left wounds never to be healed. They ended only
+with his life; for the complaint, which eventually mastered him, was
+brought into activity by his final bereavement. Nay, I must not consider
+even that great bereavement his final one; his call to go hence was itself
+the final agony of that tender, loving heart. He who had in time past been
+left desolate by others, was now to leave others desolate. He was to be
+torn away, as if before his time, from those who, to speak humanly, needed
+him so exceedingly. He was called upon to surrender them in faith to Him
+who had given them. It was about two hours before his death, with this
+great sacrifice, as we may suppose, this solemn summons of his Supreme Lord
+confronting him, that he said, with a loud voice, 'Thy will be done;'
+adding his favourite prayer, so well known to us all: 'Fiat, laudetur,
+atque in æternum superexaltetur, sanctissima, altissima, amabilissima
+voluntas Dei in omnibus.' They were almost his last words.
+
+We too must say, after him, 'Thy will be done.' Let us be sure that those
+whom God loves He takes away, each of them, one by one, at the very time
+best for their eternal interests. What can we, in sober earnest, wish, save
+that very will of God? Is He not wiser and more loving than we are? Could
+we wish him back whom we have lost? Who is there of us who loves him most
+but would feel the cruelty of recalling to this tumultuous life, with its
+spiritual perils and its dark future, a soul who is already rejoicing in
+the end and issue of his trial, in salvation secured, and heaven begun in
+him? Rather, who would not wish to have lived his life, and to have died
+his death? How well for him that he lived, not for man only, but for God!
+What are all the interests, pleasures, successes, glories of this world,
+when we come to die? What can irreligious virtue, what can innocent family
+affection do for us, when we are going before the Judge, whom to know and
+love is life eternal, whom not to know and not to love is eternal death?
+
+O happy soul, who hast loved neither the world nor the things of the world
+apart from God! Happy soul, who, amid the world's toil, hast chosen the one
+thing needful, that better part which can never be taken away! Happy soul,
+who, being the counsellor and guide, the stay, the light and joy, the
+benefactor of so many, yet hast ever depended simply, as a little child, on
+the grace of God and the merits and strength of thy Redeemer! Happy soul,
+who hast so thrown thyself into the views and interests of other men, so
+prosecuted their ends, and associated thyself in their labours, as never to
+forget, there is one Holy Catholic Roman Church, one Fold of Christ and Ark
+of salvation, and never to neglect her ordinances or to trifle with her
+word! Happy soul, who, as we believe, by thy continual almsdeeds,
+offerings, and bounties, hast blotted out such remains of daily recurring
+sin and infirmity as the sacraments have not reached! Happy soul, who by
+thy assiduous preparation for death, and the long penance of sickness,
+weariness, and delay, hast, as we trust, discharged the debt that lay
+against thee, and art already passing from penal purification to the light
+and liberty of heaven above!
+
+And so farewell, but not farewell for ever, dear James Robert Hope-Scott!
+He is gone from us, but only gone before us. We then must look forward, not
+backward. We shall meet him again, if we are worthy, in 'Mount Sion, and
+the heavenly Jerusalem,' in 'the company of many thousands of angels, the
+Church of the firstborn who are written in the heavens,' with 'God, the
+Judge of all, and the spirits of the just made perfect, and Jesus, the
+Mediator of the New Testament, and the blood which speaketh better things
+than that of Abel.'
+
+J. H. N.
+
+APPENDIX II.
+
+_Words spoken in the Chapel of the Ursulines of Jesus, St. Margaret's
+Convent, Edinburgh, on the 7th day of May, 1873, at the Funeral of James
+Robert Hope-Scott, Q.C. By the Rev. William J. Amherst, S.J._
+
+My Dear Brethren,--In complying with the request which has been made to me,
+to say a few words on this solemn occasion about one who was so
+immeasurably my superior in everything, I feel as a child would when
+suddenly asked to give an opinion on some abstruse question which it could
+not comprehend. But when asked to address you, however sensible I might
+have been of my own inferiority, I could not, even in thought, entertain a
+reluctance; I could not show the slightest hesitation to speak the praises
+of one whom I admired so much, to ask your prayers for one whom I so much
+loved.
+
+Scotland is blessed in giving a resting-place to one of her noblest sons;
+and this religious community is doubly blessed in providing the holy spot
+where his body shall repose. I need not enter into all the particulars of
+his life. Those which I should naturally think of to-day are sufficiently
+known to you all. But if I do not enter into any details, it is not that
+they are without a very strong interest. They might well be recorded as the
+history of a great and noble character, as an example to the young men of
+our own day, and as possessing, from his family connections, more than
+ordinary value for every one. But I must speak of his character in general,
+and single out those points which I consider deserving of especial praise.
+We must praise the dear deceased. It is our duty to do so. What are our
+desires now? What is our great wish?
+
+That God may have mercy on his soul. God will hear us when we appeal to Him
+by the good works which His servant has done. We should all praise him,
+that we may be so many witnesses before God of the things which we know
+must entitle him to mercy from his Father who is in heaven.
+
+When I first heard that he was dead--especially when I was asked to speak
+about him--I began to think of his character in a more careful manner than
+I had ever done before. Besides my own thoughts about him, I have heard
+what they say of him who were most closely allied to him. I have listened
+to those who, though not related to him, were his most intimate friends and
+acquaintance. I know what is thought of him by those who knew him well. I
+have seen letters written since his death from many different persons; from
+those who knew him in early days, those who knew him in middle life, and
+again, those who knew him in later days. I have read letters from some who
+knew him during the whole of his and their lives. There is a unanimity in
+the thoughts of all about him which is most striking. The thoughts and
+words of every one seem to form one beautiful melody, one harmonious song.
+They all testify to the same great intellectual qualities, the same
+goodness of heart, the same excellence of demeanour. They speak of him as
+being one who was more fit for the foremost places in the State than some
+who have actually attained them. They speak of him in such terms as these,
+'the loveable,' 'the amiable, 'the beautiful.' Besides having talents of
+the highest order, the dear deceased possessed a nature peculiarly
+susceptible of good impressions. And he seems to have opened his whole
+heart to receive the dew of heaven; and the grace of God produced a
+hundredfold in his soul. To have known a man such as he was, who possessed
+such power of mind combined with such high attainments, such soundness of
+principle with such rectitude in practice, such independence of thought,
+and such submission to conscience and lawful authority; to have known him--
+to have been, I may say, on terms of friendship and intimacy with him--will
+be amongst the most pleasing and the saddest recollections of my life. I
+have said his submission to conscience. It seems almost like presumption in
+me, standing as I do in the midst of those who knew him so much better than
+myself, to single out any one distinguishing characteristic; but it always
+struck me that a great conscientiousness was that which showed itself the
+most, and shone most brilliantly to those who had the happiness of knowing
+him. The voice of conscience seemed to have a magic effect upon him. The
+call was no sooner heard than it was obeyed, and without any apparent
+hesitation of the will. It was this delicacy of conscience, and his good-
+will to act upon it, combined with his most perfect demeanour, which gave
+him that authority over others which was so beautifully spoken of by his
+venerable friend on Monday last, when I and many of you, my dear brethren,
+had the happiness of being present. For it was this conscientiousness which
+purified, consolidated, and gave direction to all the great qualities of
+his soul. To this influence which he had over others I am myself a willing
+witness. I felt the force of it myself. And in saying this, my dear
+brethren, I speak most sincerely what I believe to be true. I should deem
+it an irreverence on an occasion like this to say a word which I did not
+believe. Though by no means a young man myself when I first had the
+happiness of making acquaintance with the dear deceased, during the few
+years that I knew him he exercised an influence over me, for the effects of
+which I now thank God, and hope that I shall thank Him for all eternity.
+
+It was, my dear brethren, to this great gift of conscientiousness, aided by
+the grace of God, that he who has left us owed the greatest blessing of his
+life--his submission to the one holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. The
+obstacles which stood in the way of his entering the Church must have been
+great. The old French saying does not stand good when one who is not a
+Catholic is thinking of entering the Church. It is not the first step
+towards the Church which, in this country at least, costs the sacrifice.
+The first step costs little; it most frequently costs nothing. It is
+generally a pleasant step to take. Many have taken that step; but few have
+persevered in their onward march. The step which costs the sacrifice is
+that which crosses the threshold when the door has been arrived at. For on
+one side stands that powerful tempter, human respect, whose baneful
+influence has sent back hundreds, perhaps thousands, into the dreary waste.
+On the other side stands ambition, with noble and captivating mien. I need
+not speculate here as to what ambition may say to others; but I will
+imagine what ambition may have said to our departed friend. It may have
+addressed him in some such words as these: 'You are conscious, innocently
+conscious, of possessing great talents. You cannot have associated as you
+have done with men of great intellect, with the first men of the day,
+without having in some degree measured yourself with them, without knowing
+something of your own great power. You are, perhaps, desirous yourself of
+advancing in the highest paths. You may have a praiseworthy ambition of
+using the gifts you have received for the good of others, and to make a
+return to God for all that He has bestowed upon you. You cannot but know
+that, from your family connections, and the position you hold in society,
+you have as fine an opening as was ever presented to a young man. Enter the
+Catholic Church, and all such knowledge will be useless; all such thoughts
+may be cast aside.' There is no use, my dear brethren, in blinding
+ourselves to the truth in this matter. We know it, and it is well that we
+should recognise it. In this country, which boasts so much of its religious
+liberty, the influence--the persecution I must call it--of public opinion
+is such, that when a man enters the Church, he deprives himself of all
+chance of progress in the high walks of life. It may be said that in the
+line in which he had hitherto walked, he succeeded as well after he entered
+the Church as he had done before. It is true that he reached the highest
+point of eminence as an advocate, and his religion was no obstacle in the
+way; but if it was so, it was because it was the interest of suitors to
+make use of his power. But if he ever entertained any idea of attaining to
+the highest offices in the State--and he may well have done so--the fact of
+his having entered the Catholic Church would, in all probability, have
+proved a bar to his advance. He resisted the tempters; he despised human
+respect, and he thrust aside ambition. Having walked up to the open door of
+the Church, he did what conscience told him he ought to do, and passing the
+threshold, he went in. My dear brethren, there can be no doubt that the
+life which he led before this time had prepared him for the step which he
+took. He had a great devotion to the will of God. His favourite prayer was
+those well-known words: 'May the most just, the most high, and the most
+amiable will of God be done, praised, and eternally exalted in all things!'
+And though before he became a Catholic his thoughts may not have been put
+into that particular formula, yet no doubt the substance of those words had
+been his prayer through life. As the will of God had been his guiding star,
+so, and as a consequence, he always had a great love for Jesus Christ our
+Redeemer. I cannot, indeed, state this as a positive fact on my own
+personal knowledge, but it could not have been otherwise; and you, my dear
+brethren, who knew him so much better than I did, will, I think, agree with
+me in this respect. When he became a Catholic, Jesus Christ was the object
+of his continually increasing love. By the means which God provided for him
+in the Church, his faith in his Redeemer, his hope in his Redeemer, and his
+love for his Redeemer, grew stronger, and went on increasing to his dying
+day. [Footnote: The last words which he heard on earth whilst the crucifix
+was pressed to his lips, and they were spoken by those lips which here he
+loved the most, were these: 'You know that you have loved Jesus all your
+life.'] As he loved Jesus all his life, pray, my dear brethren, that his
+merciful Lord may show mercy to him now.
+
+Some amongst you, my dear brethren, have already heard from the lips of one
+as much my superior as the subject of my discourse was, that a
+distinguishing feature of the departed was the intensity of his domestic
+affection. And the venerable preacher observed that the great trial of him
+who has left us was to receive a succession of terrible wounds in the
+tenderest part of his noble nature. You will remember his words. He said
+that God had repeatedly struck him; that He had stabbed him. It was so,
+indeed; and yet, my dear brethren, at the same time that a merciful God so
+severely tried His servant, it was through those same domestic affections
+that He gave to him the greatest comfort, next to a good conscience, that a
+man can have on his death-bed. For to him who had always been so kind and
+gentle with others, and anticipated all their wants, was given during the
+many long months of his illness all that help and comfort which the most
+tender, filial, and sisterly love could give. As God blessed him in making
+him the object of such strong and persevering affection, so He has blessed
+those also who were the willing instruments of His mercy.
+
+Pray, my dear brethren, that he may rest in peace. We all owe a great deal
+to him, more than we can ever repay during life. Generosity was a
+remarkable feature in the dear deceased. His generosity was of a noble
+kind. It was not confined to generosity with his worldly means. He was
+generous in his sympathies. He sympathised with all who had any relations
+with him. No one was ever with him who did not feel this. He was generous
+with his worldly means; he was generous with his counsel and advice. He was
+ready and willing to help any one in any way he could. I feel that I owe
+him much myself. I have already alluded to the obligations which I am under
+to him. And who is there amongst you, my dear brethren, who does not, in
+some respect, owe him much? As he was generous to others, let us be
+generous to him. Let us pray, and continually pray, to God for him. If any
+of you may be inclined to relax in your prayers for his soul, because you
+think that his good works were such that we have reason to hope that he is
+even now enjoying the sight of God, I do not quarrel with you for so
+thinking--I may think so myself; but still I urge you to pray. Pray as if
+you thought it were not so. Do not let your hope lessen the effect of your
+love. Pray for him as you would wish him and others to pray for you if you
+were dead.
+
+And here, my dear brethren, I might finish my discourse. But who is there
+who knew the dear departed, who does not feel an irresistible impulse to
+turn from the dead to the living? This influence may have been felt on
+other occasions by others. For my part, I have never so deeply felt how
+impossible it is to separate the one who has gone from those whom he has
+left behind. Pray for the father; and pray also for the children. Pray for
+those whose future must be a matter of interest to you all. And you may
+pray with a firm hope of being heard. For it would seem that there is a
+special providence over them, for already those children have found a home
+--homes, I may say--which a guardian angel might have chosen for them. Pray
+that God would ratify and confirm all those blessings which that fond
+parent had bestowed upon his own, especially those blessings which, with
+increased earnestness, he must have desired when he saw that, at a critical
+moment in life, the hand which had guided was to make sign no more. Pray,
+my dear brethren, that those two honoured names which he bore, and which
+for so many years have been allied to all that is best and of sterling
+worth, to all that is great and noble, may long continue the ornament and
+the pride of Scotland. Once more, let me turn from the living to the dead;
+and I will conclude with the prayer of the Church--'Eternal rest give to
+him, O Lord; and may a perpetual light shine upon him! May he rest in
+peace!'
+
+APPENDIX III.
+
+_The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P., to Miss Hope-Scott [now the Hon.
+Mrs. Maxwell Scott_].
+
+Hawarden: Sept. 13, 1873.
+
+My Dear Miss Hope-Scott,--I found awaiting me, through your kindness, on my
+return from Scotland, Dr. Newman's Address on your much-loved father's
+death. I need not say that one of my first acts was to read it. It does not
+discourage me from attempting to put on paper my recollections of him, as
+my free intervals of time may permit. It is well that a character of such
+extraordinary grace as his should have been portrayed by one who could
+scarcely, I think, even if he tried, compose a sentence that would not be
+'a thing of beauty.' His means and materials for undertaking that labour of
+love were as superior to mine as his power of performing it. I will only
+say that I countersign, with full assent, to the best of my knowledge, the
+several traits which Dr. Newman has given. He must have much more to say. I
+shall at once lay before you all my little store of knowledge, in addition
+to that worthier tribute of your father's own letters, to which you are not
+less welcome. Lights upon his mental history my memory may, I hope, serve
+here and there to throw; but those will be principally for the period
+antecedent to what he himself described as 'the great change of his life.'
+
+Few men, perhaps, have had a wider contact with their generation, or a more
+varied experience of personal friendships, than myself. Among the large
+numbers of estimable and remarkable people whom I have known, and who have
+now passed away, there is in my memory an inner circle, and within it are
+the forms of those who were marked off from the comparative crowd even of
+the estimable and the remarkable by the peculiarity and privilege of their
+type. Of these very few, some four or five I think only, your father was
+one: and with regard to them it always seemed to me as if the type in each
+case was that of the individual exclusively, and as if there could be but
+one such person in our world at a time. After the early death of Arthur
+Hallam, I used to regard your father distinctly as at the head of all his
+contemporaries in the brightness and beauty of his gifts.
+
+We were at Eton at the same time, but he was considerably my junior, so
+that we were not in the way of being drawn together. At Christ Church we
+were again contemporaries, but acquaintances only, scarcely friends. I find
+he did not belong to the 'Oxford Essay Club,' in which I took an active
+part, and which included not only several of his friends, but one with
+whom, unless my memory deceives me, he was most intimate--I mean Mr.
+Leader. And yet I have to record our partnership on two occasions in a
+proceeding which in Oxford was at that time, and perhaps would have been at
+any time, singular enough. At the hazard of severe notice, and perhaps
+punishment, we went together to the Baptist chapel of the place, once to
+hear Dr. Chalmers, and the other time to hear Mr. Rowland Hill. I had
+myself been brought up in what may be termed an atmosphere of Low Church;
+and, though I cannot positively say why, I believe this to have been the
+case with him; and questions of communion or conformity at that date
+presented themselves to us not unnaturally as questions of academic
+discipline, so that we did not, I imagine, enter upon any inquiry whether
+we in any degree compromised our religious position by the act, or by any
+intention with which it was done.
+
+After Oxford (which I quitted in December 1831) the next occasion on which
+I remember to have seen him was in his sitting-room at Chelsea Hospital.
+There must, however, have been some shortly preceding contact, or I should
+not have gone there to visit him. I found him among folios and books of
+grave appearance. It must have been about the year 1836. He opened a
+conversation on the controversies which were then agitated in the Church of
+England, and which had Oxford for their centre. I do not think I had paid
+them much attention; but I was an ardent student of Dante, and likewise of
+Saint Augustine; both of them had acted powerfully upon my mind; and this
+was in truth the best preparation I had for anything like mental communion
+with a person of his elevation. He then told me that he had been seriously
+studying the controversy, and that in his opinion the Oxford authors were
+right. He spoke not only with seriousness, but with solemnity, as if this
+was for him a great epoch; not merely the adoption of a speculative
+opinion, but the reception of a profound and powerful religious impulse.
+Very strongly do I feel the force of Dr. Newman's statements as to the
+religious character of his mind. It is difficult in retrospect to conceive
+of this, except as growing up with him from infancy. But it appeared to me
+as if at this period, in some very special manner, his attention had been
+seized, his intellect exercised and enlarged in a new field; and as if the
+idea of the Church of Christ had then once for all dawned upon him as the
+power which, under whatever form, was from thenceforward to be the central
+object of his affections, in subordination only to Christ Himself, and as
+His continuing representative.
+
+From that time I only knew of his career as one of unwearied religious
+activity, pursued with an entire abnegation of self, with a deep
+enthusiasm, under a calm exterior, and with a grace and gentleness of
+manner, which, joined to the force of his inward motives, made him, I
+think, without doubt the most winning person of his day. It was for about
+fifteen years, from that time onwards, that he and I lived in close, though
+latterly rarer intercourse. Yet this was due, on my side, not to any
+faculty of attraction, but to the circumstance that my seat in Parliament,
+and my rather close attention to business, put me in the way of dealing
+with many questions relating to the Church and the universities and
+colleges, on which he desired freely to expand his energies and his time.
+
+I will here insert two notices which illustrate the opposite sides of his
+character. It was in or about 1837 that I came to know well his sister-in-
+law, Lady F. Hope, then already a widow. I remember very clearly her
+speaking to me about the manner in which he had ministered to her sorrow.
+It was not merely kindness, or merely assiduity, or any particular act of
+which she spoke. She seemed to speak of him as endowed with some special
+gift, as if he had, like one of old, been 'surnamed Barnabas, which is,
+being interpreted, the Son of Consolation.'
+
+I now pass to the other pole of his mind, his relish for all fun, humour,
+and originality of character. In one of his tranquil years he told me with
+immense amusement an anecdote he had brought from Oxford. He was in company
+with two men, Mr. Palmer, commonly called Deacon Palmer, and Arthur
+Kinnaird, of whom the one was not more certain to supply the material of
+paradox, than the other to draw it out. The deacon had been enlarging in
+lofty strain on the power and position of the clergy. 'Then I suppose,'
+said Kinnaird, 'you would hold that the most depraved and irreligious
+priest has a much higher standing in the sight of God than any layman?' 'Of
+course,' was the immediate reply. [Footnote: Of course, Mr. Palmer, who was
+clear-headed, knew what he was saying, and meant that, in comparing an
+irreligious priest with a religious layman, the priest, _as such_,
+belongs to a higher spiritual order than the layman _as such_, just as
+it is a mere truism to say that a fallen angel, as regards his degree in
+the order of creation, is superior to a saint.--ED.]
+
+His correspondence with me, beginning in February 1837, truly exhibits the
+character of our friendship, as one founded in common interests, of a kind
+that gradually commanded more and more of the public attention, but that
+with him were absolutely paramount. The moving power was principally on his
+side. The main subjects on which it turned, and which also formed the basis
+of our general intercourse, were as follows: First, a missionary
+organisation for the province of Upper Canada. Then the question of the
+Relations of Church and State, forced into prominence at that time by a
+variety of causes, and among them not least by a series of lectures, which
+Dr. Chalmers delivered in the Hanover Square Rooms, to distinguished
+audiences, with a profuse eloquence, and with a noble and almost
+irresistible fervour. Those lectures drove me upon the hazardous enterprise
+of handling the same subject upon what I thought a sounder basis. Your
+father warmly entered into this design; and bestowed upon a careful and
+prolonged examination of this work in MS., and upon a searching yet most
+tender criticism of its details, an amount of thought and labour which it
+would, I am persuaded, have been intolerable to any man to supply, except
+for one for whom each and every day as it arose was a new and an entire
+sacrifice to duty. As in the year 1838, when the manuscript was ready, I
+had to go abroad on account mainly of some overstrain upon the eyes, he
+undertook the whole labour of carrying the work through the press; and he
+even commended me, as you will see from the letters, because I did not show
+an ungovernable impatience of his aid. [Footnote: J. R. Hope to Mr.
+Gladstone, August 29, 1838, in ch. ix. vol. i. p. 164.]
+
+The general frame of his mind at this time, in October 1838, will be pretty
+clearly gathered from a letter of that month, No. 24 in the series, written
+when he had completed that portion of his labours. [Footnote: Ibid.,
+October 11, 1838, ch. ix. vol. i. p. 165.] He had full, unbroken faith in
+the Church of England, as a true portion of the Catholic Church; to her he
+had vowed the service of his life; all his desire was to uphold the
+framework of her institutions, and to renovate their vitality. He pushed
+her claims, you may find from the letters, further than I did; but the
+difference of opinion between us was not such as to prevent our cordial co-
+operation then and for years afterwards; though in using such a term I seem
+to myself guilty of conceit and irreverence to the dead, for I well know
+that he served her from an immeasurably higher level.
+
+If I have not yet referred to his main occupation, it is because I desire
+to speak specially of what I know specially. It was, however, without
+doubt, in his Fellowship at Merton that he found at this period the
+peculiar work of his life. A wonderful combination of fertility with
+solidity always struck me as one of his most marked mental characteristics.
+Only by that facility could he have accumulated and digested the learning
+which he acquired in relation to Church, and especially to College History
+and College Law. In mastering these systems how deeply he had drunk of the
+essential spirit of the times which built them up, may be seen from a very
+striking letter (No. 9) respecting Walter de Merton. [Footnote: J. R. Hope
+to Mr. Gladstone, dated 'Rochester: Sunday, July 29, 1838,' in ch. viii.
+vol. i. p. 147.] He gave the world some idea of the extent and fruitfulness
+of these labours in connection with the next subject on which we had much
+communication together, the subject of what was termed in 1840 Cathedral
+Reform. My part was superficial, and was performed in the House of Commons.
+His was of a very different character.
+
+As a hearer, and a rapt hearer, I can say that Dr. Newman (p. 10) has not
+exaggerated the description of the speech which he delivered, as counsel
+for the Chapters (I think) before the House of Lords in 1840.[Footnote: See
+ch. xi. vol. i. p. 198.] I need not say that, during the last forty years,
+I have heard many speeches, and many, too, in which I had reason to take
+interest, and yet never one which, by its solid as well as by its winning
+qualities, more powerfully impressed me. At this period he had (I think
+never or) rarely spoken in public, and he had not touched thirty years of
+age.
+
+I cannot now say who was the prime mover in the next matter of interest
+which we pursued in common. It was the foundation of Trinity College,
+Glenalmond. We drew into our partnership the deceased Dean Ramsay, one of
+the very few men known to me who might, perhaps, compete even with your
+father in attracting affection, though very different in powers of mind.
+The Dean worked with us usefully and loyally, although, as was to a certain
+extent his nature, sometimes in fear and trembling.
+
+The early prosecution of this enterprise was left for a time mainly to me,
+while your father paid his visit to Italy in 1840, in company with Mr,
+Rogers, now Lord Blachford, from whom I hope you may obtain memorials of it
+far better worth your having than any which I could supply, even had I been
+his companion. I remember that I wrote for him in bad Italian a letter of
+introduction to Manzoni, of whom, and of whose religious standing-ground,
+he gives (No. 32 [Footnote: See ch. xiii. vol. i. p. 244, Mr. Hope to Mr.
+Gladstone (Milan: November 18,1840).]) a remarkable account. I wish I could
+recover now that letter, on account of the person for whom, and the person
+to whom, it was written.
+
+I think it was shortly before or shortly after this tour, that your father
+one day spoke to me--I well remember the spot where he stood--about his
+state and course of life. He had taken a resolution, with a view to the
+increase of his means, to apply some part of his time to the ordinary
+duties of his profession; whether he then said that it would be at the
+Parliamentary Bar or not, I am not able to say. He, on this occasion, told
+me that he did not intend to marry; that, giving a part of his time in the
+direction I have just mentioned, he meant to reserve all the rest for the
+Church and its institutions; and of these two several employments he said,
+'I regard the first as my kitchen-garden, but the second as my flower-
+garden.' [Footnote: Compare letter of J. R. Hope to Mr. Gladstone, quoted
+in ch. xxii vol. ii. p. 94.] And so it was that, almost without a rival in
+social attractions, and in the springtide of his youth and promise, he laid
+with a cheerful heart the offering of his life upon the altar of his God.
+
+It was, I think, the undertaking to found Trinity College which gave rise
+to another friendship, that it gave me the greatest pleasure to witness--
+between him and my father. In 1840 my father was moving on towards
+fourscore years, but 'his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated;'
+he was full of bodily and mental vigour; 'whatsoever his hand found to do,
+he did it with his might;' he could not understand or tolerate those who,
+perceiving an object to be good, did not at once and actively pursue it;
+and with all this energy he joined a corresponding warmth and, so to speak,
+eagerness of affection, a keen appreciation of humour, in which he found a
+rest, and an indescribable frankness and simplicity of character, which,
+crowning his other qualities, made him, I think (and I strive to think
+impartially), nearly or quite the most interesting old man I have ever
+known. Nearly half a century of years separated the two; but your father, I
+think, appreciated mine more than I could have supposed possible, and
+always appeared to be lifted to a higher level of life and spirits by the
+contact. On one occasion we three set out on a posting expedition, to
+examine several sites in the midland counties of Scotland, which had been
+proposed for the new college. As we rolled along, wedged into one of the
+post-chaises of those days, through various kinds of country, and
+especially through the mountains between Dunkeld and Crieff, it was a
+perpetual play, I might almost say roar, of fun and laughter. The result of
+this tour, after the consideration of various sites near Perth, Dunkeld,
+and Dunblane, was the selection of the spot on which the college now
+stands. I am ashamed to recollect that we were, I do not say assisted in
+reaching this conclusion, but cheered up in fastening on it, by a luncheon,
+which Mr. Patton, the proprietor, gave us, of grouse newly killed, roasted
+by an apparatus for the purpose on the moment, and bedewed with what I
+think is called partridge-eye champagne.
+
+Your father's influence operated materially in procuring a preference for
+this beautiful but somewhat isolated site on the banks of the Almond. The
+general plan of the buildings was, I think, conceived by Mr. Dyce--another
+rare specimen of the human being--a master of Art and Thought in every
+form, and one whose mind was stocked to repletion with images of Beauty. I
+need not tell you what was your father's estimate of him. As to the site,
+the introduction of railways, which did not then exist for Scotland, has
+essentially altered the scale for relative advantage for all situations, in
+proportion as they are near to or removed from these channels of
+communication, and has caused us, in estimating remoteness from centres, to
+think of a mile as much as we should formerly have thought of ten. But I
+ought to record that, in all questions relating to the college, your
+father's mind instinctively leaned to what may be called the ecclesiastical
+side; and though the idea of a great school was incorporated in the plan,
+his desire was that even this should not be too near any considerable town.
+I remember also his saying to me, with reference to Glenalmond, and the
+opportunities which the college chapel would afford, 'You know it will
+plant the Church in a new district.'
+
+He laboured much for the college; and had, if my memory serves, a great
+hand in framing the Constitution, with respect to which his academic
+learning gave him a just authority. He laboured for it at first in love and
+enthusiasm, afterwards in duty, at last perhaps in honour: but after a few
+years it necessarily vanished from his thoughts, and he became unable to
+share in facing the difficulties through which it had to pass. Events were
+now impending which profoundly agitated, not only what is termed the
+religious world, but the general mind of the country. I need not here refer
+to the unwise proceedings of great and ardent Churchmen, which darkened the
+skies over their heads, and brought their cause from calm and peaceful
+progress to storm, and in some senses to shipwreck. I do not think that,
+with his solid judgment, he was a party to any of those proceedings. They
+seem to have gradually brought about an opinion on the part of the ruling
+authorities of the English Church that some effort should be made to
+counteract the excesses of the party, and to confront the tendencies, or
+supposed tendencies, now first disclosed, towards the Church of Rome, by
+presenting to the public mind a telling idea of Catholicity under some
+other form. I am now construing events, not relating them; but they are
+events which it will be a prime duty of the future historian to study, for
+they have (I think) sensibly affected in its religious aspects the history
+of this country, nay, even the history of Western Christendom.
+
+About this time Baron Bunsen became the representative of Prussia at the
+British Court. I remember that your father used to strike me by his
+suspicions and apprehensions of particular persons; and Bunsen, if I
+recollect right, was among them. That distinguished person felt an intense
+interest in England; he was of a pious and an enthusiastic mind, a mind of
+almost preternatural activity, vivacity, and rapidity, a bright
+imagination, and a wide rather than a deep range of knowledge. He was in
+the strongest sympathy, both personal and ecclesiastical, with the then
+reigning King of Prussia, who visited England in the autumn, I think, of
+1841. Sir Robert Peel, however loyal to the _entente_ with France, had
+a strong desire for close relations of friendship with Germany; and the
+marriage of the Queen, then recent, told in the same sense. All these
+circumstances opened the way for the singular project of the Anglican
+Bishopric of Jerusalem, which I believe to have been the child of Bunsen's
+fertile and energetic brain, and which received at that particular juncture
+a welcome due, I think, to special circumstances such as those which I have
+enumerated.
+
+Wide as was the range of Bunsen's subsequent changes, he at this time
+represented the opinions of the Evangelical German Church, with the strong
+leaning of an _amateur_ towards the Episcopate as a form of
+Government, not as the vehicle of the continuous, corporate, and visible
+life of the Christian Church. He had, beyond all men I ever knew, the
+faculty of persuading himself that he had reconciled opposites; and this
+persuasion he entertained with such fervour that it became contagious. From
+some of these letters (in accordance with my recollections) it would appear
+that in the early stages of this really fantastic plan (see No. 48)
+[Footnote: See ch. xvi. (vol. i. p. 313), J. R. Hope to Mr. Gladstone,
+November 19, 1841.] your father's aid had been enlisted. I must not conceal
+that my own was somewhat longer continued. The accompanying correspondence
+amply shows his speedy and strong dissatisfaction and even disgust. I do
+not know whether the one personal influence, which alone, I think, ever
+seriously affected his career, was brought to bear upon him at this time.
+But the movement of his mind, from this juncture onwards, was traceably
+parallel to, though at a certain distance from, that of Dr. Newman. My
+opinion is (I put it no higher) that the Jerusalem Bishopric snapped the
+link which bound Dr. Newman to the English Church. I have a conviction that
+it cut away the ground on which your father had hitherto most firmly and
+undoubtingly stood. Assuredly, from 1841 or 1842 onwards, his most fond,
+most faithful, most ideal love progressively decayed, and doubt nestled and
+gnawed in his soul. He was, however, of a nature in which levity could find
+no place. Without question, he estimated highly, as it deserves to be
+estimated, the tremendous nature of a change of religious profession, as
+between the Church of England and the Church of Rome; a change dividing
+asunder bone and marrow. Nearly ten years passed, I think, from 1841,
+during which he never wrote or spoke to me a positive word indicating the
+possibility of this great transition. Long he harboured his misgivings in
+silence, and ruminated upon them. They even, it seemed to me, weighed
+heavily upon his bodily health. I remember that in 1843 I wrote an article
+in a review (mentioned in the correspondence) which referred to the
+remarkable words of Archbishop Laud respecting the Church of Rome as it
+was; and applied to the case those other remarkable words of Lord Chatham
+respecting America, 'Never, never, never.' He said to me, half playfully
+(for the article took some hold upon his sympathies), 'What, Gladstone,
+never, never, never?'
+
+It must have been about this time that I had another conversation with him
+about religion, of which, again, I exactly recollect the spot. Regarding
+(forgive me) the adoption of the Roman religion by members of the Church of
+England as nearly the greatest calamity that could befall Christian faith
+in this country, I rapidly became alarmed when these changes began; and
+very long before the great luminary, Dr. Newman, drew after him, it may
+well be said, 'the third part of the stars of heaven.' This alarm I
+naturally and freely expressed to the man upon whom I most relied, your
+father. On the occasion to which I refer he replied to me with some
+admission that they were calamitous; 'but,' he said, 'pray remember an
+important compensation, in the influence which the English mind will bring
+to bear upon the Church of Rome itself. Should there be in this country any
+considerable amount of secession to that Church, it cannot fail to operate
+sensibly in mitigating whatever gives most offence in its practices or
+temper.' I do not pretend to give the exact words, but their spirit and
+effect I never can forget. I then thought there was great force in them.
+
+When I learned that he was to be married, my opinion was that he had only
+allowed his thoughts to turn in the direction of the bright and pure
+attachment he had formed, because the object to which they had first been
+pledged had vanished or been hidden from his view. I think that his
+feelings underwent a rally, rather, perhaps, than his understanding, when I
+was first put forward as a candidate for the University of Oxford in 1847.
+At least, I recollect his speaking with a real zest and interest at that
+time of my wife, as a skilful canvasser, hard to resist.
+
+I have just spoken of your father as the man on whom I most relied; and so
+it was. I relied on one other, also a remarkable man, who took the same
+course, at nearly the same time; but on him most, from my opinion of his
+sagacity. From the correspondence of 1838 you might suppose that he relied
+upon me, that he had almost given himself to me. But whatever expressions
+his warm feelings combined with his humility may have prompted, it really
+was not so; nor ought it to have been so, for I always felt and knew my own
+position beside him to be one of mental as well as moral inferiority. I
+cannot remember any occasion on which I exercised an influence over him. I
+remember many on which I tried; and especially when I saw his mind shaken,
+and, so to speak, on the slide. But these attempts (of which you may
+possibly have some written record) completely failed, and drove him into
+reserve. Never, on any one occasion, would he enter freely into the
+question with me. I think the fault lay much on my side. My touch was not
+fine enough for his delicate spirit. But I do not conceal from you that I
+think there was a certain amount of fault on his side also. Notwithstanding
+what I have said of his humility, notwithstanding what Dr. Newman has most
+truly said of his self-renouncing turn, and total freedom from ambition,
+there was in him, I think, a subtle form of self-will, which led him, where
+he had a foregone conclusion or a latent tendency, to indulge it, and to
+refuse to throw his mind into free partnership with others upon questions
+of doubt and difficulty. Yet I must after all admit his right to be silent,
+unless where he thought he was to receive real aid; and of this he alone
+could be the judge.
+
+Indeed, his own intellectual calibre was too large to allow him to be other
+than fastidious in his judgment of the capacities of other men. He had a
+great opinion of the solidity and tact of Denison, Bishop of Salisbury. He
+thought also very highly of Lord Blachford. When Archbishop (then
+Archdeacon) Manning produced his work on the 'Unity of the Church,' he
+must, I think, have seen it before the world saw it; for I remember his
+saying to me, 'That is going to be a great book,' or what would have been
+not less emphatic, 'That is going to be a book.' Again, he was struck with
+Mr. W. Palmer's work on the Church, to which also testimony has been borne
+by Dr. Newman in his 'Apologia.' But I do not recollect that he had an
+unreserved admiration at once of character and intellect in any case except
+one--that of Dr. Newman himself.
+
+Whatever may have been the precise causes of the reticence to which I have
+referred (and it is possible that physical weakness was among them), the
+character of our friendship had during these later years completely
+changed. It was originally formed in common and very absorbing interests.
+He was not of those shallow souls which think, or persuade themselves they
+think, that such a relation can continue in vigour and in fruitfulness when
+its daily bread has been taken away. The feeling of it indeed remained on
+both sides, as you will see. On my side, I may say that it became more
+intense; but only according to that perversity, or infirmity, of human
+nature, according to which we seem to love truly only when we lose. My
+affection for him, during those later years before his change, was, I may
+almost say, intense; and there was hardly anything, I think, which he could
+have asked me to do, and which I would not have done. But as I saw more and
+more through the dim light what was to happen, it became more and more like
+the affection which is felt for one departed.
+
+As far as narrative is concerned, I am now at the close. In 1850 came the
+discussions and alarms connected with the Gorham judgment; and came also
+the last flickering of the flame of his attachment to the Church of
+England. Thereafter I never found myself able to turn to account as an
+opening any word he spoke or wrote to me. The year had been, for my wife
+and me, one of sorrow and anxiety, and I was obliged to spend the winter in
+Italy. In the spring of 1851 I dined at his brother's and met him. He spoke
+a few words indicative of his state of mind, but fell back immediately into
+silence. I was engaged at the time in opposing with great zeal the
+Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, but not even this circumstance led him to give
+me his confidence. The crisis had come. I am bound to say that relief soon
+became visible in its effect upon his bodily health. His road and mine were
+now definitively parted. After the change had taken place, it happened to
+me to be once, and once only, brought into contact with him in the course
+of his ordinary professional employment. I had been giving evidence in a
+committee-room on behalf of a railway. He was the opposing counsel, and had
+to put some questions to me in cross-examination. His manner in performing
+this usually harsh office was as engaging as in ordinary social
+intercourse; and though I have no doubt he did his duty by his clients, I
+thought he seemed to handle me with a peculiar tenderness.
+
+On June 18, 1851, he wrote to me the beautiful letter, No. 95. [Footnote:
+See ch. xxi. (vol. ii. p. 87), where this letter is given.] It was the
+epitaph of our friendship, which continued to live, but only, or almost
+only, as it lives between those who inhabit separate worlds. On no day
+since that date, I think, was he absent, however, from my thoughts; and now
+I can scarcely tear myself from the fascination of writing about him.
+
+And so, too, you will feel the fascination of reading about him; and it
+will serve to relieve the weariness with which otherwise you would have
+toiled through so long a letter. I hope it is really about him, and that
+egotism has not slily crept into the space which was meant to be devoted to
+him. It notices slighter as well as graver matters; for the slight touches
+make their contribution to the exhibition of every finely shaded character.
+If anything which it contains has hurt you, recollect the chasm which
+separates our points of view; recollect that what came to him as light and
+blessing and emancipation, had never offered itself to me otherwise than as
+a temptation and a sin; recollect that when he found what he held his
+'pearl of great price,' his discovery was to me beyond what I could
+describe, not only a shock and a grief, but a danger too. I having given
+you my engagement, you having accepted it, I have felt that I must above
+all things be true, and that I could only be true by telling you
+everything. If I have traversed some of the ground in sadness, I now turn
+to the brighter thought of his present light and peace and progress; may
+they be his more and more abundantly, in that world where the shadows that
+our sins and follies cast no longer darken the aspect and glory of the
+truth; and may God ever bless you, the daughter of my friend!
+
+Believe me always and warmly yours,
+
+W. E. GLADSTONE.
+
+Miss Hope-Scott.
+
+APPENDIX IV.
+
+VERSES BY J. R. HOPE-SCOTT.
+
+FEAST OF THE CIRCUMCISION, 1859 (THE BIRTHDAY OF C. H. S.).
+
+New Year's Day returns again,
+Does it bring us joy or pain?
+Does it teach us to rely
+On the world, or pass it by?
+Will it be like seasons gone,
+Or undo what they have done?
+Shall we trust the future more
+Than the time we've spent before?
+Is it hope, or is it fear
+That attends our new-born year?
+
+Childhood, busy with its toys,
+Answers, it expects new joys;
+Youth, untaught by pleasures past,
+Thinks to find some that will last;
+Manhood counts its honours o'er,
+And resolves to gather more;
+While old age sits idly by,
+Only hoping not to die.
+
+Thus the world--now, Christian, say
+What for me means New Year's Day.
+
+New Year's Day is but a name,
+While our hearts remain the same;
+All our years are old and few,
+Christ alone can make them new.
+Around Him our seasons move,
+Each made fruitful by His love.
+Summer's heat and winter's snow
+May unheeded come and go;
+What He suffered, what He taught,
+Makes the year of Christian thought.
+
+Then to know thy gain or loss,
+From the cradle towards the Cross
+Follow Him, and on the way
+Thou wilt find His New Year's Day.
+Advent, summoning thy heart
+In His coming to take part,
+Warned thee of its double kind,
+Mercy first, but wrath behind;
+Bade thee hope the Incarnate Word,
+Bade thee fear the avenging Lord.
+
+Christmas next, with cheerful voice,
+Called upon thee to rejoice;
+But, while yet the Blessed Child
+Sweetly on thy homage smiled,
+Lo! beside His peaceful bed
+Stephen laid a martyr's head.
+
+Next a day of joy was won
+For thee by our dear Saint John;
+But its sun had scarcely set
+When the earth with blood was wet:
+Rachel, weeping for her slain,
+Would not raise her heart again;
+And St. Thomas, bowing down,
+Grasped in death his jewelled crown.
+
+Thus the old year taught thee: say,
+Thinkest thou that New Year's Day
+Will these lessons sweep away?
+Foolish thought! the opening year
+Claims a sacrifice more dear
+Than the martyrdom of saints,
+Or the blood of innocents.
+
+Christ Himself doth now begin,
+Sinless, to atone for sin;
+Welcomes suffering for our good,
+Takes His Saviour's name in blood,
+And by Circumcision's pain
+Makes the old year new again.
+
+Then, with Him to keep the Feast,
+Bring thy dearest and thy best;
+Common gifts will not suffice
+To attend His sacrifice.
+Jesus chose His mother's part,
+And she brought a pierced heart.
+But what Christ for many chose,
+Doth His utmost love disclose;
+Bid her not unkind to be,
+But to share that choice with thee.
+Ask her sufferings, ask yet more,
+Ask for those thy Saviour bore;
+Upon earth hath never been
+Sorrow like His sorrow seen;
+He exhausted man's distress,
+Pain, and shame, and loneliness.
+Ask to feel His thorny crown,
+Ask to make His wounds thine own;
+With His mother claim to be
+Partner in His agony.
+This obtain, and thou wilt care
+Little what thy New Years are;
+There can thee no grief befall
+Which the Cross did not forestall;
+Joy in this world there is none
+Like that which the Cross hath won.
+Grasp it, and the year begin
+With no fear, except of sin;
+Love it, and, in turning o'er
+All the gifts in hope's bright store,
+Choose but one--to love it more.
+
+LOW TIDE AT SUNSET ON THE HIGHLAND COAST.
+
+  Ye dark wild sands, o'er which th' impatient eye
+  Travels in haste to watch the evening sky,
+  When last I gazed, how nobly heaved your breast,
+  In purple waves and scattered sunbeams drest!
+  Then o'er you shouted many a gallant crew,
+  And in gay bands the sea-fowl circling flew;
+  In your embrace you held the restless tide,
+  And shared awhile great Ocean's power and pride.
+    But now how sad, how dreary is the scene
+  In which so much of life hath lately been!
+  Your barren wastes untraversed by a sail,
+  Your only voice the curlew's distant wail;
+  With rocky limbs and furrowed brow you lie
+  Like some lone corpse by living things passed by;
+  Till Night in mercy spreads her clouded pall,
+  And rising winds mourn at your funeral.
+    Yes, you are changed, but not more changed than he
+  Who lately stood beside that smiling sea;
+  For whom each bark which hastened to the shore
+  Some welcome freight of love or honour bore;
+  Who saw reflected in the peaceful flood
+  His home made happy by the bright and good.
+  Gladly he looked upon you; now, apart,
+  He veils his brow and hides his desolate heart;
+  From him life's joys have quickly ebbed away,
+  Leaving the rocks, the sands, and the declining day.
+    To-morrow's tide again the shore will lave,
+  To-morrow's sun will gild the crested wave;
+  New ships will launch and speed across the main,
+  And the wild sea-fowl ply their sport again;
+  But for the broken-hearted there is none
+  To gather back the spoils which Death hath won.
+    None, did I say? O foolish, impious thought,
+  In one whom God hath made, and Christ hath bought!
+  Thou who dost hold the ocean in Thy hand,
+  And the sun's courses guide by Thy command,
+  Hast Thou no morrow for the darkened soul,
+  No tide returning o'er its sands to roll?
+  Must its deep bays, once emptied of their sea,
+  For ever waste, for ever silent be?
+    Not such Thy counsels--not for this the Cross
+  Stretched its wide arms, and saved a world from loss!
+  When life's great waters are by sorrow dried,
+  Then gush new fountains from Christ's wounded side;
+  The Ark is there to gather in our love,
+  The Spirit, dove-like, o'er the stream to move.
+    Then look again, and mirrored in thy breast
+  Behold the home in which thy dear ones rest;
+  See forms which lately vanished from thy sight,
+  Shine back with crowns, and palms, and robes of light!
+  See richer freights than ever ocean bore
+  Guided by angel pilots to the shore!
+  In faith, in penitence, in hope shall be
+  Thy traffic on that bright and changeless sea.
+
+ON RESUMING HIS PROFESSION.
+
+Mourner, arise! this busy fretful life
+Calls thee again to share its toils and strife;
+The pause conceded to thy grief is o'er,
+And the world's march can stay for thee no more.
+Then dry thy tears, and with a steadfast mien
+Resume thy station in the troubled scene;
+Sad, but resolved, thy wonted vigour prove,
+Nor let men deem thee weak from sorrowing love.
+The wakeful bed, the sudden sharp distress,
+The still recurring void of loneliness;
+The urgent prayer, the hope, the humble fear,
+Which seek beyond the grave that soul so dear,--
+These yet are thine, but thine to tell no more.
+Hide, then, from careless hearts thy sad but precious store,
+And if life's struggle should thy thoughts beguile,
+Quicken the pulse, and tempt the cheerful smile,
+Should worldly shadows cross that form unseen,
+And duty claim a place where grief hath been,
+Spurn not the balm by toil o'er suffering shed,
+Nor fear to be disloyal to the dead.
+
+'Twas nature bade thee grieve, and for thy grief
+The Lord of nature now ordains relief.
+Like iron molten by the founder's art,
+To fierce affliction yields the stubborn heart.
+The fiery blast its ancient form destroys,
+And bids it flow released from base alloys;
+But the kind God, who doth the flames control,
+Wills to re-cast, not to consume, the soul:
+Hence tempering breezes, hence the lessened pain,
+That the vexed heart may rest and form again.
+Then be it so--but, ere that heart grows cold,
+See that its later be its nobler mould.
+See that, by pain made new, and purged from dross,
+It bear, in sharp relief, the image of the Cross.
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, MEMOIRS OF JAMES ROBERT HOPE-SCOTT, VOLUME 2 ***
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