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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75370 ***
+
+
+
+
+
+                        DAVID GOES TO GREENLAND
+
+
+                                   BY
+                          DAVID BINNEY PUTNAM
+                           With a Foreword by
+                           CAP’N BOB BARTLETT
+
+
+             ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS, WITH DECORATIONS
+              FROM DRAWINGS MADE ESPECIALLY BY THE ESKIMO,
+                   KAKUTIA, AT KARNAH ON WHALE SOUND
+
+
+                          G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
+                          NEW YORK AND LONDON
+                                  1926
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                   To
+                             My Best Friend
+                           WHO REALLY SHOULD
+                         HAVE GONE TO GREENLAND
+
+                                 MOTHER
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+David has asked me to write a foreword for his book, which I have seen
+him working at during these last three months as we sailed northward.
+Yesterday I read the manuscript which had just been typewritten from
+those painstaking penciled pages of the boy’s.
+
+As I read I thought more than ever how fortunate David is, first to go
+with “Uncle Will” (Dr. Beebe) as far south as the Galápagos Islands on
+the Equator last year, and now to North Greenland. For anyone, of
+thirteen or thirty-nine, that’s a pretty fine spread and a great
+experience.
+
+I must confess that it was with some misgivings I thought of the
+youngster going with us. While it was only a summer trip, almost
+anything is likely to happen in the Arctic and there’s always a chance
+of having a pretty rough time—hard, anyway, for a boy. But right here,
+as the expedition is drawing to a close (and some of it was fairly
+strenuous), I must say these misgivings did not materialize.
+
+David is a thoroughbred and has a real sane idea of getting along. No
+one who reads his bully story can fail to realize this. From start to
+finish I have watched him closely and he has measured up handsomely to
+all, and more, that any observer could require.
+
+And David is still a boy. He has learned much on the Beebe trip and on
+this one, things that will sink deep into his young soul. I believe in
+the years to come he will reap well of what he has sown, and what has
+been sown for him. School is fine and school must come first. But
+surely if opportunity offers to combine such experiences as these with
+“book learning,” it seems to me the grandest sort of education.
+
+I have heard it said that this youngster is having no real boy’s life.
+Anyone who feels that just doesn’t know David. They haven’t seen him
+with lads of his own age, as I have, on the football field with his
+friends at home or with young Eskimos on the Morrissey and ashore in
+Greenland.
+
+David is still a boy, but a boy who has happened to have a rather wide
+experience. He’s not a paragon. He’s just plain B-O-Y. And for many
+years to come he will remain young, with a young heart and the natural
+unspoiled freshness and happiness of youth. And to me, who have not had
+many boys around me as I’ve knocked about, it’s been a real pleasure to
+have him along.
+
+I wonder if many boys who read David’s simple story here, with its many
+interesting incidents, won’t become jealous. I’m sure I should, if I
+could turn the clock back more years than one likes to think about.
+What youngster wouldn’t want to go hunting three thousand miles from
+home, and see walrus and polar bear and narwhal and all the rest of it?
+
+That’s really what this book should do. Not really make less lucky boys
+jealous, you understand, but stir up their blood and make them realize
+that there’s lots in life over the hill and beyond the horizon. A
+stirring-up like that won’t hurt them. It’s good tonic for the
+youngsters who are lounging away their youth and getting bad starts
+fussing around dances and clubs and autos and all that sort of thing,
+when they ought to be out getting their hands dirty, their muscles hard
+and their minds cleaned out with the honest experiences of the sea and
+far places.
+
+I hope the boys who read their way to Greenland with David in this
+little book (and their Dads, too) will become imbued with David’s
+spirit and find for themselves worthwhile Ultima Thules.
+
+
+    Robert A. Bartlett.
+
+                                                On Board the Morrissey,
+                                                Baffin Bay,
+                                                September 5, 1926.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+    CHAPTER                                      PAGE
+       I.—Off to Greenland                          3
+      II.—Through the Straits of Belle Isle        16
+     III.—We Reach Greenland                       30
+      IV.—Along the Greenland Coast                38
+       V.—Upernivik and the Duck Islands           49
+      VI.—Across Melville Bay                      62
+     VII.—Shipwreck                                72
+    VIII.—The Morrissey Repaired                   88
+      IX.—Our First Narwhal                       100
+       X.—Our Eskimo Artist                       109
+      XI.—Walrus Hunting                          116
+     XII.—Across to Jones Sound                   125
+    XIII.—Nanook!                                 135
+     XIV.—At Pond’s Inlet                         143
+      XV.—More Bears                              156
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+                                                            FACING PAGE
+    Cap’n Bob Bartlett                                     Frontispiece
+    “They Set Me to Work with a Paint Brush”                          6
+    Will Bartlett, Mate; “Skipper Tom” Gushue, Bo’sun; Ralph
+      Spracklin; and Billy Pritchard, the Cook                        7
+    David and His Corona                                             12
+    The Skipper Tells David About Taking Observations                13
+    David Tries Carrying Art Young Through the Mud                   18
+    In the Cross Trees                                               19
+    The Morrissey in Jones Sound                                     26
+    A Baffin Bay Portrait of the Author                              27
+    We Get a Basking Shark at Holsteinsborg                          34
+    Carl Shows a South Greenland Youngster how to Use a Pathex
+      Motion Picture Camera                                          35
+    Looking Down Over a Bird Rookery                                 42
+    Nils, David and Matak, Son of Pooadloona                         43
+    Robert Peary Tries a Kayak                                       52
+    Art Young Tries an Eider Duck Egg from the Eskimo Cache on
+      the Duck Islands                                               53
+    The King Dog of Governor Otto’s Team, with His Queen             56
+    Feeding the Dogs at Upernivik                                    57
+    In a Fjord Back of Upernivik                                     64
+    Tupiks, the Eskimo Summer Houses Made of Skins, at Karnah        65
+    The Morrissey on the Reef Off Northumberland Island              74
+    View from Shore of the Wrecked Morrissey                         75
+    Where the Morrissey’s False Keel Ripped Off on the Rocks         80
+    When the Eskimos Came to Shipwreck Camp on Northumberland
+      Island                                                         81
+    Art Shoots Ducks Among the Icebergs from the Dory with the
+      Johnson Engine                                                 90
+    Dad Tries His Hand at Netting Dovekies                           91
+    Carl and Art Try Swimming at the Foot of the Glacier             96
+    Up on the Glacier, where the Great Ice Cap Comes Down to the
+      Sea                                                            97
+    Harry Raven, Zoölogist, Shows how to Clean a Narwhal Skull      106
+    Working on a Narwhal Skeleton                                   107
+    Kakutia of Karnah, the Eskimo Artist who Made the Sketches
+      Used in this Book, on the Morrissey in Whale Sound            112
+    Two Blond Eskimos! David and Nils                               113
+    Pooadloona Throws His Harpoon at a Walrus                       118
+    Walrus on Deck. All the Meat Went to the Eskimos, the
+      Skeletons and Hides to the Museum                             119
+    “Halitosis,” the Baby Walrus Roped By Carl                      122
+    Hoisting a Walrus on Board                                      123
+    Dressing a Walrus. Left to Right: Dan, Joe, Art, David and
+      Carl                                                          130
+    Art and a Dead Walrus on an Ice Pan in Jones Sound              131
+    Enough for Several Fine Duck Messes                             136
+    Enjoying Our Atwater Kent Radio                                 137
+    Kellerman “Shoots” Some Eskimos of Inglefield Gulf              140
+    Kudluktoo and Matak Show David the Right Way to Eat Narwhal
+      Hide, a Prized Eskimo Delicacy                                141
+    Dr. Rasmussen Shows David an Ancient Eskimo Harpoon Head        150
+    Two Arctic Hare from Pond’s Inlet                               151
+    The Polar Bears on the Iceberg                                  158
+    The Polar Bear and Her Two Cubs Swim Away from the Berg         159
+    Carl and One of the Polar Bear Cubs He Roped                    164
+    Art Young and the Bear He Killed with Bow and Arrow             165
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+DAVID GOES TO GREENLAND
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+OFF TO GREENLAND
+
+
+Last year I went on the Beebe trip to the Galápagos Islands on the
+steamer Arcturus which was all fixed up especially for the journey.
+This was a scientific expedition down to the Equator to get deep sea
+specimens, some of them caught at a depth of nearly three miles. The
+islands where we went are on the Equator six hundred miles west of
+Ecuador in South America, and going down we passed through the Panama
+Canal.
+
+“Uncle Will”—that’s Mr. Beebe—let me go on the Pacific part of this
+expedition as a sort of junior guest. We had many new experiences, some
+of them pretty exciting. There was diving in a helmet away below the
+surface of the water, and seeing volcanoes in eruption and lava streams
+flowing into the sea, and harpooning a big devil fish. Although I was
+the youngest member of the party—my twelfth birthday was down at Cocos
+Island south of Panama—I was able to have a part in almost everything.
+And of course it was great fun.
+
+Captain Bob Bartlett is a great friend of Dad’s. It was Cap’n Bob, you
+remember, who was with Admiral Peary when he first reached the North
+Pole in 1909. Well, he and Dad often talked of a Greenland expedition,
+which the Captain said could be about the finest kind of a trip, with
+lots to do and see.
+
+The American Museum of Natural History in New York wanted some things
+from the North for its new Hall of Ocean Life, as well as Arctic birds.
+So Dad said he would organize an expedition and get the specimens they
+wanted. Among these are Narwhal, Greenland Brown Shark, walrus, all
+kinds of seal and many birds. Of course we couldn’t get all we were
+looking for, but even a part of it would make the trip worth while.
+
+I was told that I could go on this trip to Greenland, and that as soon
+as school was over I was to go down to the shipyard on Staten Island
+where the Morrissey was being refitted, and that there would be plenty
+for me to do there.
+
+We are to go as far North as about seven hundred miles this side of the
+Pole. In all we shall cover more than seven thousand miles and will be
+back in October. Perhaps if we’re late Dad will send me down by train
+from Sydney, for school. And we’re taking a couple of school books too,
+which he says I’ll have to work at when there is time.
+
+It is certainly exciting to look forward to the adventures which I hope
+we will have. I’ve a Newton 2.56 rifle and a twenty-two rifle and I
+hope to get a chance to do some shooting, although I think the most fun
+will be helping in the scientific and taxidermy work, and in getting
+the motion pictures. And part of my job is to write a record as we go
+along, to make a little book later.
+
+Last year Mother took me below the Equator. And this year I’m going
+with Dad 780 miles north of the Arctic Circle—that is, if we have luck
+with the ice. Anyway, I’m certainly a lucky thirteen year old boy!
+
+School closed on Thursday afternoon. Friday I went to Dad’s office and
+looked over some equipment. He and I had been working over the
+equipment and making lists and generally getting ready, for weeks. In
+the afternoon we went by ferry to West New Brighton on Staten Island to
+McWilliams’ shipyard, where our boat, the Morrissey, was.
+
+The Morrissey is a two masted Newfoundland fishing schooner. She is one
+hundred feet long and has a twenty-two foot beam, and draws about
+fourteen feet when heavily loaded. With us now she draws probably about
+twelve. Her crew are all Newfoundlanders, wonderful sailors in fair
+weather or foul. Captain Bartlett owns her, and Dad and some friends
+refitted her, putting in an engine and making many changes to take care
+of our party.
+
+Jim is the tallest of the crew. He is over six feet and looks like a
+cow puncher with small hips and broad shoulders. He is a fine ship’s
+carpenter. Tom, the boatswain, is the oldest and most experienced. He
+can make most anything that belongs on a sailing vessel. He was with
+Peary on the Roosevelt on a couple of his trips to the North, including
+his one to the Pole. Joe is the biggest man of the crew, and Ralph the
+youngest.
+
+Billy Pritchard is about the most important man on board, to my way of
+thinking. He is the cook. Bill is pretty small, but he is a grand cook
+and has had lots of experience at sea. He has been in the far north and
+has been wrecked four times. When the Morrissey came down from
+Newfoundland to get us, when the ship jumped in a heavy sea Billy got
+thrown clean out of his bunk across the galley and on top of the stove.
+Billy’s helper is Don, who is always very nice to me.
+
+Our skipper is Robert A. Bartlett who was with Peary and has spent
+years of his life in the Arctic and is about the most experienced ice
+navigator living today. Cap’n Bob is most awfully nice to me and he and
+his brother Will Bartlett, who is the mate, say they will help me learn
+the names of the ropes and to box the compass and all that. You see,
+I’ve never made a trip on a sailing vessel before, and there is lots to
+learn.
+
+Well, when I got to the ship, a paint brush was stuck in my hand and I
+was told to start painting on the hull, as we were then in dry-dock
+having a hole bored in the stern for the shaft for the new propeller.
+That day I painted pretty near a quarter of the hull and all day
+Saturday there was other painting—bunks, lockers, hatch covers, etc. We
+had lots of fine Masury paint which had been given to the Expedition.
+And there was plenty of cleaning-up work to do.
+
+The Morrissey is divided into three different cabins. The fo’castle has
+six bunks where the crew sleep. It is used for the galley also. You
+know, on a ship the kitchen is called “galley.” Aft of that comes the
+main cabin where most of us sleep. There is a big table in the middle
+of the room which is used for eating, writing, working, etc. There are
+twelve bunks and the wireless outfit in this cabin, and a large
+skylight put in where the old cargo hatch used to be.
+
+The wireless is a short wave outfit, run by Ed Manley, who is an
+amateur who volunteered for the job and who just graduated from
+Marietta College in Ohio. The fine big radio equipment, with which we
+expect to be able to talk right to home even from north of the Arctic
+Circle, was given to the Expedition by Mr. Atwater Kent and the
+National Carbon Company who make the Eveready batteries.
+
+Then comes the engine room which was once the after hold where they
+stored fish and carried coal when the boat was used for freight. All
+around the engine are stores, crowded in tight so they can’t possibly
+shift when the boat rolls around in a storm. Some of them belong to
+Knud Rasmussen and some to Professor Hobbs whom we will pick up at
+Sydney. He is going to South Greenland to study the birth of storms on
+the Ice Cap there. We are picking up Rasmussen at Disko Island on
+Greenland and are taking these stores for him to his trading station at
+Thule, near Cape York. Rasmussen is a great Danish explorer and an
+expert on Eskimo.
+
+Astern of the engine room comes the after cabin where the Captain, Dad,
+Mr. Raven and Mr. Streeter sleep. There are six bunks, a table, a small
+stove and the only chair on board. Over the table is a shelf of books
+mostly about the Arctic and adventure. I have some special ones of my
+own to read, including Two Years Before the Mast, Doctor Luke of the
+Labrador, The Cruise of the Cachelot and Richard Carvel. And then Dad
+has waiting for me a couple of school books, Latin and an English
+grammar, which don’t sound quite so much fun.
+
+Most of our own stores are in a special store room next to the galley
+and stored in the run and lazarette away aft. On deck we have over
+fifty barrels of fuel oil for our Standard Diesel engine which you
+probably know burns oil and not gasoline.
+
+We started on Sunday, June twentieth, from the American Yacht Club on
+Long Island Sound. That’s at Rye, our home, and most of the men in our
+party visited at home with us before we started.
+
+It was a hot sunny day, and a great many people came out in launches
+and inspected the Morrissey. There was a big lunch party at the Club
+and Commodore Mallory gave Dad and Cap’n Bob the flag of the Club to
+take North with us. At about a quarter to five we got clear of the
+visitors and got the anchor up and started down the Sound. A great many
+yachts and small boats were all around us, blowing horns and whistles
+and giving us a grand send-off.
+
+Grandpa’s yacht, the Florindia, took all the mothers and sisters and
+wives of our crowd, with my Mother and my little brother June. They
+went along with us as far as Sound Beach, Connecticut. And then, when
+they had tooted their last salute, and we had answered on our fog horn,
+we were actually off for the North.
+
+Monday was a nice calm day which gave Art Young and myself a chance to
+stow our stuff. He bunks just below me so we have to go half and half
+on the lockers. Art is the bow and arrow expert who was in Africa
+shooting lions. In America he has killed grizzly bear, moose and Kodiak
+bear with his arrows. He hopes to try his luck with a polar bear and
+walrus.
+
+Monday morning, our first day out, we saw eighteen airplanes near Block
+Island, at the eastern end of Long Island Sound, all headed for New
+York. Perhaps they were going to welcome Commander Byrd, who was
+expected back in a couple of days, coming home from England after
+flying to the North Pole. Dad and Mr. Byrd are friends and he was at
+our house a little before he started on his trip in the Chantier.
+
+There was a fine wind and a pretty small sea running all day. It was
+nice and sunny, but very cold, so that we all put on lots of sweaters
+and coats. Everyone ate dinner and supper that day. As we were going up
+through Vineyard Sound in the afternoon a submarine and a lot of Coast
+Guard vessels passed us.
+
+Then it began to get rougher with a stiff southerly breeze which was
+fine for sailing. On the next afternoon we saw a lot of small whales,
+about 25 feet long. Two or three of them jumped most out of the water,
+and once about fifty yards ahead of our boat I saw one jump completely
+out. He looked like a huge bullet.
+
+That day almost all of our gang were sick, and even a couple of the
+crew. I spent most of the time on deck, listening to Mr. Raven and Van
+Heilner tell stories about spear traps and the way the Malay natives
+made and set traps for animals.
+
+We were rocking so hard and keeling over so much that often the water
+would come in through both port and starboard scuppers. I was looking
+through a scupper hole when we hit a big wave and all of a sudden the
+water came right in and hit me in the face as I turned around from
+watching Captain Bob slack the main sheet.
+
+Ralph, one of the crew, has showed me how to make chafing gear from
+rope. It is used to keep the sails from slapping and wearing out
+against the steel cables. And Jim has taught me the names of the sails
+and is starting on the ropes.
+
+The last two days of the trip to Sydney were not so good, with a lot of
+fog and some rain. Now and then we heard fog signals on the shore of
+Nova Scotia, and when the fog lifted saw the shore and lighthouses. It
+is great fun to go up in the crow’s nest.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+THROUGH THE STRAITS OF BELLE ISLE
+
+
+We arrived in Sydney on Thursday morning, a few minutes before two
+o’clock, and I stayed up to see what happened. By good luck there was
+no fog, which made things easier.
+
+The first thing in the morning we cleaned up our cabin, and afterward
+we all went ashore, to a little hotel where we had baths. Bathing on
+the Morrissey is a very rare thing, although probably later on we will
+use the big round washtub which was meant for clothes but which I
+suppose can take us too. When Dad refitted the vessel, at the shipyard
+down at Staten Island, they put on the deck a big steel water tank
+which holds about 750 gallons. Then there are the water barrels too so
+that we really are pretty well fixed.
+
+Up North, Captain Bob tells me, when we get out of water we just go
+alongside an iceberg and pump the water from pools on the berg over to
+our tank. For this we have a little pump affair with a piece of garden
+hose at each end. The melted water on the bergs is fresh, unless sea
+spray has blown up into the pools.
+
+That morning in Sydney I wrote some letters, to Mother and others. And
+then in the afternoon Robert Peary, Art Young, Ed Manley, Fred
+Linekiller and myself went over to the town of Sydney in our little
+motor launch. Sydney is about five miles away across a big bay, and is
+far larger than North Sydney where our ship lies.
+
+Over there we saw a very big old square rigger with gun ports all along
+her sides. She was once a frigate of the British Navy, I suppose about
+the time of Old Ironsides. We went aboard and looked around to see if
+we could find any loose belaying pins for my collection, but without
+luck.
+
+The next day Dad, Art Young, Carl, Mr. Kellerman and I went off to see
+if we could find any trout fishing in one of the brooks which came down
+to the bay a few miles from our anchorage. We left our boat on a sort
+of beach and walked up the stream to try our luck. There wasn’t any.
+After fishing for a while we went back to the boat, which we had
+anchored a little off shore. But the tide had gone out and we found her
+nearly high and dry in the mud.
+
+We pushed and we shoved and pulled in mud up to our knees for quite a
+time until finally we got her off. Art had no boots on so I tried to
+carry him out but he was too heavy. Then we brought the boat pretty
+close in and Dad tried to carry Art out. Dad had Art on his back—Art is
+a big man and weighs I suppose 190 pounds—and was starting to come out
+when the extra weight shoved his feet right down in the sticky mud over
+his boots and when he tried to pull up his legs one boot came off and
+they both lost their balance and fell into the mud and water. They took
+it as a joke and had to walk nearly a mile before we found a place
+where they could get aboard easily.
+
+Over at another beach we ate our lunch which we had brought with us.
+And near there Art and I got the first game of the expedition. After
+sneaking up on it we charged in. And what do you think we found?
+
+It was a big clam bed. Altogether we dug about a bushel and that night
+we had a fine clam chowder. Not quite as exciting as getting a walrus,
+but at least it was fun and we claimed the clams really were the first
+game brought back to the Morrissey.
+
+We saw Newfoundland for the first time on the twenty-eighth of June. It
+was a very pretty sight, the mountains with snow on their sides that
+had not melted away on account of the very late season. Dad says
+wherever one goes it always seems that there is an unusual season. On
+some of the hills the sun was shining and on others great shadows were
+floating around. In some ways they looked much like the hills in
+Montana, rolling and mostly bare.
+
+We saw three little fishing schooners off the Bay of Islands, which is
+a big bay on the western shore of Newfoundland. It took us from four
+o’clock until eight to cross the bay. We passed one of these boats
+about seven-thirty and heard someone playing the cornet, not very well.
+It sounded queer to hear a sound like that come floating across these
+far-away waters.
+
+There was a beautiful sunset, so red that it looked like blood dripping
+out of the sky. Ahead the weather looked fine, but astern was a big
+black cloud with lightning darting out of it every once in a while. And
+it sure did storm. It was so dark that we couldn’t see a thing. On deck
+I fell two or three times, as it’s pretty hard to get around in the
+dark on account of the deck cargo—barrels, dories, motor-boats and the
+Hobbs canoes, beside lots of lumber and rope.
+
+The wind was blowing like everything and the rain came down in
+torrents. Art and myself put on our oilskins and boots and went on deck
+to cover up the skylights that were leaking an awful lot. Skylights
+never seem to work quite right, anyway. We put canvas and tarpaulins
+over them. Water was breaking over our bows. But the Morrissey didn’t
+seem to care a bit, and I think Cap’n Bob and Will really seemed to
+sort of like it. Cap’n Bob is a wonder and is most awfully nice to me.
+He seems to like having me work on the ropes and get into things as
+much as I can about the vessel.
+
+The lightning struck pretty near us once or twice and often the whole
+sky was bright with forks of blinding lightning darting about wildly.
+
+We saw our first icebergs on the twenty-ninth, and from noon on passed
+about ten, four of them really big ones. One of them was about fifty
+feet high and a hundred feet long. An iceberg is about one eighth above
+water and seven eighths below. You can imagine how big the one I
+described must really be; and of course later we saw bergs much bigger.
+The smaller bergs and pieces of floating ice are called “growlers.”
+
+Just a week ago we had reports that the Straits of Belle Isle were
+frozen over from Labrador to Newfoundland, but the south wind of the
+last few days seemed to have pretty well cleaned them out, and we went
+through without any trouble. In the Straits we saw two steamers, which
+like ourselves were probably making the first passage of this season.
+
+After leaving the Straits we saw scattered bergs all day until about
+four o’clock when we ran into our first real ice. There were lots and
+lots of pieces in a huge bunch about three miles by one mile. There
+were bergs as big as a good-sized house floating around by the
+hundreds. I went aloft with Ed Manley and looked around on the
+beautiful sight. The ice was blue on the top and a very pretty light
+green underneath. When up in the crow’s nest you can see the bottom of
+the bergs a way down.
+
+In the morning it was pretty foggy and we came close to some big bergs.
+Once when I was on deck we saw a berg not a hundred yards away that
+looked like a small hotel, about a hundred and twenty feet high and
+three hundred feet long.
+
+For two days we were in the ice pretty nearly all the time. This was
+the Labrador Pack, Cap’n Bob said. One morning I woke up from a jolt
+when we hit a piece of ice. The bow of the boat goes out of the water
+and comes down with all its force and breaks up the ice; or else we
+sort of ride along on it a ways until it breaks loose. Anyway, it is
+nice to know that the Morrissey is built of good solid oak, and that
+there is that extra coating of greenheart sheathing around the outside
+to protect her somewhat from the ice.
+
+There was ice as far as we could see all day long, and some fog. Our
+course had been zigzagging in and out and around the ice, and it seems
+strange to come upon so much of it so suddenly when just the other day
+there wasn’t a bit. It is smooth water where there is a lot of ice, so
+we made pretty good time even with all our twisting about.
+
+One night we had quite a party, to make the time go well. With our
+little Pathex machine we had movies, and there was candy and our “foggy
+dew” orchestra played between the reels, and Art Young played solos on
+his funny cut-down violin which he has taken to Africa and all over on
+his hunting trips. “Nanook of the North” was the picture, and Bob
+Flaherty, who made it, is a great friend of ours and has told me lots
+about the life of the Eskimos up in the Hudson Bay country. By the way,
+Dad says that perhaps we will go up there next summer.
+
+It was quite sunny at times during the day and Dad and Mr. Kellerman
+took a great many pictures, both movies and stills. Mr. Kellerman would
+go out on the bowsprit and get down on the stays, taking movies of the
+prow cutting through the ice.
+
+It is very exciting to see how the crew take the boat through the ice.
+One man is in the crow’s nest, on the foremast. He calls out where to
+go and then the man at the wheel repeats his words so as not to make a
+mistake.
+
+You hear the man aloft yell, “Starbo-ard!”
+
+And then at the wheel the helmsman repeats, “Starbo-ard!”
+
+Then the boat swings over to port, because when the tiller is drawn by
+the wheel in one way the boat goes in the other.
+
+Altogether for me a pretty interesting and exciting First of July. The
+temperature was about 34, just a few degrees above freezing. And
+usually at this time of year I am swimming at home!
+
+One night Professor Hobbs of the University of Michigan gave us a
+lecture on the Greenland Ice Cap. He believes that many of the Atlantic
+storms start in Greenland. The country, as you probably know, is
+practically all ice. There is just a little strip of land around the
+shore, especially at the south, which is not covered with the Ice Cap.
+It is thought that this may be a mile or more thick, but nobody knows
+the exact measurement. The glaciers are tongues of the Ice Cap that
+kind of ooze out to the ocean and then break off into icebergs. There
+are about three hundred people in the part of Greenland where we are
+going, up North. The Greenland Ice Cap and the Antarctic regions are
+supposed to be the coldest places in the world, even colder than the
+North Pole region.
+
+When Peary crossed the northern part of Greenland he found that when he
+climbed a hill of ice the wind was in his face; and when he went down a
+slope the wind was on his back. In other words, that there always
+seemed to be a wind coming down from the ice. Professor Hobbs and his
+party, whom we are taking to Holsteinsborg, will study these winds, the
+movements of the ice and other things.
+
+One time about our second day in the ice when we were winding in and
+out of the leads we saw a black something in the water. I yelled out to
+the others to come and see the seal. It was the first northern one I
+had seen outside of a zoo or circus. I happened to see this one because
+I was out on the end of the bowsprit, with Robert Peary, our chief
+engineer, with whom I play around a lot. He is the son of Admiral Peary
+who discovered the North Pole. This is his first trip North. He and I
+are great friends.
+
+You probably have heard of Eric the Red. He was a Norwegian who
+equipped a ship from Norway in the year 983 and set sail for a land
+that had been discovered by one Gunbjorn to the west of Iceland. When
+he got to this land he wondered how he could best get people to go
+there to live, so he called it Greenland. That was the real beginning
+of the present Greenland. After that cattle were brought and raised in
+the southern parts.
+
+Greenland is about fifteen hundred miles long from South to North and
+about six hundred miles wide at the widest place.
+
+We will pick up Knud Rasmussen at Disko Island where, I have read, lots
+of fossils have been found. I hope to get some for my collection. At
+home I have a small room which we call my museum, in which I am
+gathering together quite a lot of really interesting things. Already I
+have a lot there brought back from the Arcturus expedition, and things
+given me by explorers and travellers who come to our house. One of my
+best treasures is a bunch of pieces of the shell of a dinosaur egg,
+given me by Roy Chapman Andrews, the man who first found these eggs in
+Asia. They are ten million years old.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+WE REACH GREENLAND
+
+
+Our first sight of Greenland was on Monday, July fifth. It was very
+pretty with the great lofty mountain peaks sticking up out of the fog
+with snow on their tops. All afternoon we followed along the shore
+northward, and pretty well out. We had come a long way over from the
+other shore at the Straits of Belle Isle, and what with fog and
+currents and the ice we had dodged through, it was hard to be sure
+exactly where we were.
+
+The next morning Captain Bartlett was worried because there was a
+strong breeze blowing and we did not know whether we had passed our
+port or not. We wanted to get in to Holsteinsborg. On account of the
+fog and mists he had not been able to take observations.
+
+We kept a constant lookout with the glasses and about nine o’clock saw
+something like a big white flag being waved near some small huts on
+shore. Probably it was a dried seal skin or something like that. Anyway
+the Greenlanders were signalling us, and we stopped because we were
+very anxious to get someone on board and find out exactly where we
+were.
+
+We put over a small boat, and Dad, Peary the engineer, the Mate and
+Carl went ashore and brought the first man back to the boat. Three
+kayaks came out to meet them. Carl spoke Norwegian to them and asked
+where Holsteinsborg was. He didn’t understand so we showed him a chart
+and named the place. He understood that and made motions that he would
+show us the way there.
+
+It was great fun to see him go up and down in the little kayak without
+tipping over. The kayak is the native Eskimo boat, a sort of little
+canoe made of seal skin stretched over a light frame of small wood. It
+is decked over all except for a hole, or sort of cockpit where the man
+gets in sticking his feet out forward out under the deck, where it is
+only about six inches deep. They have a kind of skin covering that fits
+over the opening of the cockpit and ties up around their waist tightly
+so as to keep the water out entirely. The paddle is all one piece of
+wood, with a blade on each end. They use it holding it in the middle
+and dipping first one side and then the other. In South Greenland the
+paddle usually has bone on the end and is smooth in the handle. The
+northern Eskimo usually has no bone on the paddle, and has a couple of
+notches cut for each hand hold.
+
+Harry Raven drew pictures of Arctic animals and the Eskimo gave us
+names for them in his language.
+
+We arrived in Holsteinsborg about four o’clock. It has a very good
+little harbor just inside the mouth of a fjord. A fjord is an
+indentation in the land, like a long narrow bay or sound, and usually
+the hills rise steeply on both sides. Dad says this Greenland scenery
+is very much like Norway.
+
+The houses are all different colors making a very gay sight. There was
+a little red church on top of the hill, and all around the bottom was
+the village, houses made mostly of wood with sods around them to keep
+the cold out. Some of the native sod houses had tunnels leading into
+them like the igloos of the North.
+
+The place where we landed was a little dock with a cannery on one side
+and a big sort of rack for kayaks belonging to the Eskimos on the
+other.
+
+I had great fun trading at Holsteinsborg. Three of the sailors, Jim,
+Joe and Ralph, and myself went on shore with some old shirts and one
+pair of old pants. We went into about ten or fifteen of the huts. There
+were only about twenty-five huts in the town. They were one-roomed
+houses with a raised sort of platform for a bed in the back of the
+room. The cooking and everything was done in the same room. The whole
+family sleep in one bed. The houses were very stuffy and smelt of skins
+and dogs. The dogs were all over the place, even lying in the tunnels
+so that you could hardly get through.
+
+At nine o’clock that night we left for a fjord called Ikortok, to drop
+Professor Hobbs and his party. We went inland about forty miles. We
+tied three dories together making a raft to move his stuff in from the
+boat. One trip the raft was a little too heavily laden and almost went
+down when one of the dories partly filled up with water.
+
+While the last part of the unloading was going on, Dad, Carl and I went
+off to try the fishing, without any luck. On shore we saw a bird’s nest
+that looked as if it might be a good specimen. We tried to get at it,
+climbing up a cliff, but couldn’t.
+
+When we went out from the land in our little boat we were in very
+shallow water. The propeller of our Johnson engine hit the bottom and
+the little engine jumped loose and fell overboard. Luckily we were able
+to get it again. We rowed all the way back to the Morrissey, as the
+engine was full of salt water and couldn’t be made to run. The tide was
+coming in the fjord with great force and it was a hard row, about four
+miles. When we came to a beach we pulled the boat up and worked on the
+engine. I took our gun to try and get some birds for eating or for
+specimens. By the time I was up at the other end of the beach they had
+given up hope of drying the engine and started to row, calling out that
+I was to walk back along the shore as that would make the rowing
+easier. I didn’t like the idea much but I either had to walk or stay
+there. I had on native skin boots called kamiks which made it pretty
+hard to walk on rocks. I was afraid of dogs, too, because we had found
+a litter of dog pups on shore not far from where the Morrissey was
+anchored. And a mother dog in the North is apt to be as fierce as a
+wolf when she has pups. I saw one a few hundred yards away so I sat
+down behind a rock and waited for him to move on.
+
+When I reached the shore near the boat they sent in a dory to take me
+off.
+
+The next day we stopped at some little villages along the fjord. The
+Eskimos came out in small boats and kayaks, to trade with us and to see
+the white men and their strange schooner. They brought out a porpoise
+because we asked for any fish they had, for specimens.
+
+That afternoon we arrived at a big bird rookery. It was a wonderful
+sight. The whole side of the cliff was covered with thousands of
+kittywakes nests. That is a sort of small gull which sometimes gets
+down to New York in the winter. The birds were making a terrible noise,
+chattering continuously.
+
+We went up beside the cliff in dories and shot a few birds for
+specimens and others for eating. We took movies of the birds flying
+around the cliff. At a distance the flying birds, great clouds of them,
+looked like a blizzard.
+
+Then we started for Holsteinsborg to drop two men we had picked up
+there. We arrived at three o’clock in the morning and instead of having
+the Morrissey go in, we sent them in in the launch, as we wanted to go
+on to Disko as fast as we could.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+ALONG THE GREENLAND COAST
+
+
+We hit bad weather going north to Disko and had to go in for shelter
+behind some small islands about forty miles from Holsteinsborg. There
+were no people there. We caught a few fish and shot some birds for
+specimens.
+
+On one island there were three deserted sod huts. They were all muddy
+and full of fish and seal bones.
+
+When we came back from the huts I went fishing with two of my friends,
+Jim and Ralph. We went away outside in the dory where it was quite
+rough—at least I thought so. We caught a few rock cod. Jim had a great
+big halibut right alongside but the fish gave a flip as he was trying
+to land him and got free from the hook just as he was hauling him over
+the gunwale.
+
+One night when some Eskimos came on board along the coast we showed
+them movies of Eskimos harpooning walrus to see how it would strike
+them. These movies were given in our little mid-ships cabin, where we
+eat and most of us sleep, with our Pathex projector thrown on a small
+screen Fred made from the table oilcloth.
+
+When the harpooned walrus pulled the Eskimo hunter, our guests shouted
+and grunted. It was very funny. They had heard of movies but had never
+seen any. After the northern pictures we showed some from the South Sea
+islands. The Eskimos had never seen people in swimming so they didn’t
+know quite what to make of it. When they were asked by a friend of ours
+who speaks Eskimo what they thought of it, they only said that they
+liked them all very much, especially a picture showing lions playing
+with an animal trainer. They had never seen any animal like a lion.
+There isn’t a cat, for instance, in all Greenland, we were told.
+
+It is great fun to see the boats come out and meet you and the Eskimos
+that are entirely different from us and can’t speak a word of English
+except for words like shirts or sugar or coffee that they have heard.
+For such things as these they want to trade boots and purses and skins.
+And in the south they make little kayaks and knives and pen holders and
+such things out of the ivory of walrus tusks.
+
+They have some very nice hats made of fur and eiderdown. One man
+brought two little toy kayaks up to me with all the equipment on them,
+even the little rack to hold the harpooning line, with a tiny model of
+a man sitting in the kayak. I got one of these for my little museum at
+home. For this one he wanted an old pair of pants, or some tobacco.
+Even the women want chewing tobacco. I got some very pretty purses made
+of seal flippers, with bone latches. It is hard to find trinkets for
+all of one’s friends at home.
+
+The Eskimos on the whole are very nice and honest. Most of them can
+play the accordion, and they seem to be very musical and they certainly
+love to dance.
+
+We have lots of things on board for gifts and trading, especially to
+give in return for help and labor. Money isn’t much good up here. Our
+stores include axes, knives, beads, needles, tobacco, pipes, candy,
+etc. Both men and women love gay colored cloths and small mirrors
+always go well.
+
+At one of the villages we saw a lot of dogs eating a decayed shark.
+After the shark has been dead for a few weeks ammonia seems to form in
+the meat. The dogs love it and after eating it they seem to get sort of
+tipsy and can hardly walk.
+
+Fred Linekiller, the taxidermist, is showing me how to skin birds. It
+is very interesting to do it. The first thing to do when you shoot a
+bird is to put cotton in the wounds and in the mouth so the blood will
+not run out on the feathers. After that a needle is put through the
+nostrils and the beak is sewed together, so the cotton won’t come out.
+Then the feathers on the breast are parted and the skin cut from the
+breast bone down to the soft part of the stomach.
+
+Next cornmeal is poured in. It is used to keep the skin dry and to mop
+up the blood and moisture. After that is done instead of pulling the
+skin, it is pushed, so as not to stretch it. More cornmeal is added as
+the skin is pushed off. When the legs are reached they are cut at the
+knee joint so as to keep the bone to hold the foot in place. Just above
+where the tail feathers end is cut and the skin turned inside out and
+the skin pushed gently toward the head. It can be pushed as far up as a
+little beyond the eyes. Then the head is scraped and a knife is put
+between the jaw bone and the back of the head opening up the head so
+that you get the brains out. Then the skin, inside out, is treated with
+arsenic powder, and after that it is put right side out again and the
+feathers fluffed out. Then it is ready to be taken back to the Museum
+to be stuffed and mounted, or studied as it is.
+
+When I woke up one morning I found that we were in a little but very
+good harbor, Godhavn on Disko Island. Cap’n Bob has to be up most of
+the time, especially, of course, when we are moving about. This time,
+for instance, he was on deck all night, and Dad was with him. Disko is
+a hard place to get into unless you know it awfully well.
+
+There is a little coal mine near Godhavn. Getting the coal, and
+fishing, is about all they do, with some hunting especially in the
+winter. The women do most of the work and the men go fishing and
+hunting. When we went ashore we saw the women with big baskets of coal
+unloading a small boat and taking the coal to be weighed and stored
+away in a big storehouse.
+
+Carl, Mr. Streeter, Art Young and I went shark fishing with two Eskimos
+out in the mouth of the bay. We fished from about one until four
+o’clock but didn’t catch a thing. Later we traded some very nice little
+toy kayaks, all equipped, and also some little sledges with whips and
+rifles tied down with thongs.
+
+At Godhavn we went all around with the Governor, Carl acting as our
+interpreter. It is fine having him along as he speaks pretty good
+Danish. He is an American, but his people are both Norwegian and in his
+home out in Minnesota they talked Norwegian a lot, and it is pretty
+much the same as Danish.
+
+We went into the printing office where the only paper in Greenland is
+published. It is a monthly paper, and the printing house is a small red
+building with one little press. About three thousand papers in the
+Eskimo language go out free to practically all the people in Greenland.
+The Governor gave us a bound copy for our collection. Most of the stuff
+in the paper is written by Eskimos up and down the coast, who send it
+in.
+
+The next morning about six-thirty we heaved anchor and left Godhavn.
+When the anchor comes up all hands are called to the windlass which
+works with iron bars like pump handles. If there is a lot of chain out
+it takes a long time and is really hard work.
+
+In the afternoon Dad asked me to fill a little bag with trading stuff
+because we were going to stop at a village called Proven. We reached
+there about seven. It was a very small harbor so the Morrissey could
+not go in, and we used our launch and were greeted by the whole town at
+the little wharf.
+
+At the end of the dock were about eight sharks down in the water tied
+up with ropes and still alive. Later Harry Raven got one for a specimen
+that was ten feet long. Later he found the liver measured nearly six
+feet.
+
+While Dad and the others had tea with the Governor (all these little
+hamlets in the south have a Dane in charge whom we call a Governor,
+even though the average population may be only forty people) I went out
+to trade for some kamaks or skin boot. These are a sort of double high
+shoe or boot made of seal skin with the hair turned in and with a hairy
+inner boot beneath which is put in grass to make it soft and warmer.
+
+The Greenland hair seal is entirely different from the Alaskan fur
+seal. It has no fur but just coarse hair and has no value except for
+oil and its hide. I had a chance to get several pairs of kamaks but
+they were all only about half the size of my foot. The Eskimos are very
+small people and mostly the tallest only come up to about my shoulder.
+And naturally they have very small feet.
+
+At Proven I got two pairs of seal skin pants, one for a jacket and the
+other in exchange for a box of candy and a sweater. I also got a kind
+of necklace which is worn by the women for “dress up,” for a piece of
+soap, a bar of chocolate and an army mirror, which was a good bargain,
+because the necklaces are hard to make and hard to get.
+
+We were going to get a kayak but it would be mean to take one because
+the Eskimos are like children and would give away almost anything for
+candy or pretty materials. The kayak is their main way of getting food,
+and is to them dreadfully important. We always tried not to take
+anything which was very necessary to the Eskimo, and to give them
+something really helpful in exchange for important things. For
+instance, later when we got some kayaks, we gave in exchange lumber and
+materials from which they could make new ones. A very popular and
+useful thing we had for gifts was Tetley’s tea put up in half pound
+tins. This, often with a small bag or tin of sugar, was liked a lot
+everywhere, while we on board always drank it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+UPERNIVIK AND THE DUCK ISLANDS
+
+
+We left Proven about midnight, and as we started out from the little
+harbor past some bare rocky islands Dad and some others went ashore to
+try some shooting. When we came in we had seen a great many birds and
+ducks flying around there.
+
+They stayed ashore from one o’clock until five, while I was asleep.
+Later Dad told me it was very beautiful, the water all grey and calm
+like silver, with a sky sort of lead color with gay tints of orange and
+yellow and lemon where the sun was low. They brought back tern, eider
+ducks and some gulls, some to eat, others to be skinned for specimens.
+
+The next day it was very foggy so we went slowly, dodging icebergs
+which we could see only when we got very close to them. At about nine
+the following morning we reached Upernivik, which is the last town that
+amounts to anything in North Greenland and is I think the furthest
+north town in the world. There is a Danish Governor there and a few
+other Danes. His name is Governor Otto and he was awfully nice to us,
+then and later on when we came back.
+
+Upernivik is a nice little place built on an island. Where we landed
+there was only a little wharf and some store houses and supplies. From
+this harbor a little path or trail led over a steep hill to the real
+town, which was down on the other side on a slope to the south, with a
+grand view of Sanderson’s Hope, quite a big mountain a few miles away
+and overlooking an open fjord which was no use as a harbor. The village
+has a dozen wooden houses, including several that are very nice indeed,
+chiefly the Governor’s house and one for the doctor who lives there,
+which also is used for a hospital. And about the wooden houses are the
+sod huts of the natives, most of whom seem to stick to their own style
+of living. There is a fine new church on the hill just over the
+village.
+
+We had lunch with Governor Otto and his daughter Ruth, a girl about
+twelve years old, at his house, and afterward in the harbor we took
+some movies of an Eskimo turning over in his kayak. He didn’t seem to
+have a hard time at all. He just kind of fell over on one side, sitting
+right in his kayak or skin boat, and then came up on the other side
+with just a twist of his paddle. Doing this he wore a watertight suit
+of sealskin and a hood over his head, drawn tight about the neck. And
+around his waist, where he sat in the hole or cockpit of the kayak,
+there was a skin fastened tight about him so that no water could get
+in.
+
+Robert Peary thought he would try it so he changed into a sealskin
+shirt, got into the Eskimo’s kayak—it was hard for him to squeeze in he
+was so much larger than the Eskimo—and turned half way over. The kayak
+was upside down and then his head stuck up on the other side and went
+down again, sputtering. He just couldn’t manage to get up again, and
+hung head down in the water, the boat upside down right over him. I
+really thought he was drowning.
+
+Then he came up a second time and yelled for help. Of course we were
+close to him and right away Carl got there in a rowboat and he pretty
+nearly fell in himself helping to get Robert straightened up. And you
+should have seen the Eskimos laugh! They thought it was a great joke.
+But Robert seemed to feel he had swallowed about all the ice water of
+Baffin Bay that he wanted and he was so cold he went back to the ship
+and changed his clothes. But I’ll bet that next summer at home in Maine
+he learns the trick.
+
+We had sent some natives out to catch sharks for specimens and Doc,
+Ralph and myself went after them in the launch. They had caught four
+big ones and had lost another overboard. These Greenland basking shark,
+as they are called, are very slow and sluggish. They don’t fight at
+all. They move very slowly and don’t seem to be savage or a bit like
+the sharks I have seen caught in Florida.
+
+The next morning Governor Otto took us over to see his dogs, which
+during the summer he keeps on a bare rocky island about a mile away,
+where they are entirely to themselves. About every three days during
+the summer they are fed, mostly ducks which are taken out in a big
+basket. Most of them seem to have been kept a pretty long time and
+become pretty “ripe.” But the dogs certainly like them.
+
+We went over to the island in our launch with the Governor and a couple
+of Eskimos carrying the food. When they saw us coming the dogs, about a
+dozen in number, crowded down to the shore and followed along as we
+went by, yelping and barking crazily. They knew it was dinner time.
+
+We landed and decided to give them the birds up a bit from the water,
+where it was more level and Kellerman could get movies better. As the
+Eskimos carried up a big basket of the birds, one of them had to keep
+the dogs off the man with the basket. He used an oar and beat them. And
+at that they jumped up and tried to get at the basket of meat on the
+man’s shoulder whenever they got the slightest chance. I don’t doubt
+they would have knocked him down if he had been alone.
+
+Then the birds were thrown out to the dogs, a few at a time. In a
+second they were torn to pieces and gobbled up. A dog will rip one up
+in a flash and choke down everything but the feathers. There were many
+fights. And all the time there was a great racket, with the dogs
+howling and barking and yapping at each other.
+
+It was very interesting to see the King Dog. Each team up in this
+country has a head dog, the King, who is boss. He is usually the
+heaviest and best looking dog, and certainly is the best fighter. I
+believe he just fights his way up to the leadership. Certainly when he
+“says” anything to one of the others, they do what they are told pretty
+quickly. Or else they get a licking.
+
+The King has a queen, and it is fun to see the way he looks out for
+her. When the Queen got a duck or part of one, the King just sort of
+looked on and saw to it that no other dog interfered. If one of them
+got excited and started to move in on the Queen and her dinner, the
+King gave a growl—and that ended it. Or if another dog had a bit of
+duck, and the King came along, the other fellow just dropped what he
+had, perhaps running off or sort of turning over on his back and
+grovelling on the ground. There certainly was discipline on that
+island.
+
+When it was all over there was just a few feathers scattered around on
+the rocks and the dogs were mostly with bloody mouths and heads where
+they had torn up the meat. Anyway, they all seemed to have had a good
+meal and for the first time settled down quietly, to wait for the next
+dinner time three days later. In the winter they have their work, and
+lots of it, and of course they are awfully important in the life of the
+northern people. There are no horses and of course no automobiles or
+anything like that. So everything is drawn on sleds, and the sleds are
+moved by dogs.
+
+The dog skins are especially fine. The fur is heavy and soft and
+glossy. Dad bought some dog skins to have a coat made.
+
+That afternoon we left Upernivik to go north across Melville Bay.
+Everyone was on hand to see us off and the Governor fired the little
+cannon up on the hill where they had the Danish flag hoisted. They gave
+us a salute of three guns and we answered with three shots from a
+rifle.
+
+The Duck Islands are a few little rocky islands a dozen miles or so off
+the mainland of Greenland just at the south side of Melville Bay. About
+two o’clock the next afternoon we reached them, anchoring in a sort of
+harbor between the two largest islands. The bigger one is I suppose
+about two miles long and half a mile or so wide, very hilly and all
+rocks. About the shores, where there is a little level land, the rocks
+are covered with moss and there are stretches of bog and mud.
+
+We went around a good deal on both islands and saw a great many eider
+ducks which nest here in large quantities. In the old days when the
+whalers came into Baffin Bay this was a headquarters and then they used
+to gather duck eggs by the boat load.
+
+We saw many ducks nesting. The nest is just a little fluffy round mass
+of the soft feathers, right on the ground. They pull the feathers out
+of their breasts, so that when you get the female ones they look as if
+someone had plucked a handful of down from their undersides. This is
+what is called eider down, and is used in very fine mattresses and
+pillows. It is very warm and is also quite valuable. The Eskimos
+collect the eider down from the nests and from the birds, and it, with
+skins of foxes and seal, and a few other articles like walrus ivory and
+narwhal tusks, is one of the chief ways they have of trading with the
+outer world.
+
+The male and female eider ducks are very different. The female is all
+brown, while the male is brown only a little on his breast and belly,
+and with a lot of white on his back and neck, and feathers that are
+dark grey or nearly black. The female moves very slowly and is very
+tame and easy to get close to and to kill. We got a good many for
+eating, and they are kept hung in the rigging to be used as Billy the
+cook wants them. The male is much wilder and flies faster and is pretty
+hard to shoot. There were very few male at Duck Island. While the
+females are nesting the males seem to go off by themselves. Later we
+saw a good many up in the fjords back of Upernivik. Both are very big
+and heavy birds, and awfully good eating.
+
+Back in 1850 and on for thirty years or so there was much whaling in
+these waters. Many of the ships came from Scotland. On the hill or
+small mountain at Duck Island there is a whaler’s cairn, and also a
+walled-in place where they had their lookout. In that cairn, by the
+way, in 1888 Peary left a record. We could find nothing. Probably the
+Eskimos had cleaned out everything long ago.
+
+In one piece of lowland near the water, where there was a little dirt,
+we found the graves of some whalers. They were covered over with stones
+and only one head board with a name, was left. It said: “In memory of
+William Stewart, A.B., S. S. Triune of Dundee, June 11, 1886. Aged 24.”
+
+Art took me shooting with my sixteen-gauge shotgun, but I didn’t do so
+well. I haven’t tried shooting on the wing much and I’m pretty bad at
+it. Shooting with the twenty-two rifle seems easier. Art himself is a
+grand shot, with either rifle or shotgun.
+
+We found many eggs, and Dad and some of the others, on the other
+island, found great caches of eggs, hundreds of them evidently gathered
+by Eskimos who had visited the islands earlier in the season and left
+them there to get them later. They were put away in a sort of hole with
+rocks piled up around and over them so that they were perfectly
+protected, and with the chinks of the rock packed up with moss. They
+also found the skull of a polar bear.
+
+We found three eggs with little ducks just hatching out. These we
+brought back to the boat. I put one under a mother duck which I had
+found alive in an Eskimo trap and the other two behind the galley stove
+where it was nice and hot. Two of them lived quite a while and then
+they were killed, painlessly, and put away for specimens. We got some
+nests for the Museum and I got one for my own collection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+ACROSS MELVILLE BAY
+
+
+By the twentieth of July we were pretty nearly across Melville Bay.
+That was just exactly a month from the time we started from home which
+is most awfully good time. Of course we were very lucky for all the way
+we had practically no real trouble with ice.
+
+Melville Bay usually is about the most dangerous and hardest place in
+the north. Lots of years it may take weeks to make the passage, and
+sometimes there just isn’t any way to get by it. Later Dr. Rasmussen
+told me that he has been drifting, frozen in the pack ice, for six
+weeks solid while trying to get through to the north, and in mid-summer
+at that.
+
+After we left Duck Island I put in quite some time getting our things
+ready for trading and for presents. Of course we weren’t going to do
+any real trading, except for little personal things some of us wanted.
+Most of the stuff was to give natives who helped us in the hunting and
+collecting of specimens. One of my nice jobs was filling a lot of tin
+cans with screw tops with candy and sugar. And we also sorted out some
+gay sweaters and jerseys which Mr. Alex Taylor, who lives at Rye, had
+given the expedition. (All our crew, by the way, now have Alex Taylor
+sweaters and they certainly came in handy.)
+
+We arrived at Cape York on the night of July 20th. Cape York is a big
+cape which marks the northern end of Melville Bay and really is the
+beginning of far North Greenland. The people living there and in the
+few settlements further north are the Smith Sound tribe of Eskimos, who
+live nearer the North Pole than any other people. About at this
+latitude is further north than the most northerly points of the
+mainland of any of the continents, North America, Europe, or Asia. So
+we felt we really were beginning to get pretty far north.
+
+The Cape itself is a high mountain which sort of spills right down into
+the sea. The slopes, some of them, are quite red, and the snow is all
+colored crimson too, from a sort of dust which seems to cover it. This
+part is called the Crimson Cliffs, and they have been seen and
+described by about every Arctic expedition. In behind the cape is a
+great glacier which breaks off right into the water very conveniently.
+Cap’n Bob put the Morrissey right up alongside the ice wall and men
+jumped down on the glacier from the bowsprit and carried lines and
+fastened the ship so she lay right alongside, as if the ice were a
+wharf. Of course there was no wind and the water was quiet.
+
+Then they took a hose and ran it up a way and put one end in one of the
+many streams which were running down the top of the glacier, melted
+snow water. There was enough slope to carry the water into our big tank
+on deck. Also the sailors filled the barrels, using buckets. It was a
+great way to get a full load of real ice water.
+
+While we were working in the Eskimos came off in their kayaks. We
+bought a fine kayak for a rifle and some ammunition. The very next day,
+when we were ashore, we found that the owner of the traded kayak
+already had a new one well started. I suppose in a few days more he was
+all fixed up with a boat again. And with his really fine rifle he ought
+to do most awfully well hunting. I certainly hope so. A kayak to an
+Eskimo is about the most important thing in life. I imagine a rifle
+would come next. Compared to an automobile with us, our auto is only a
+luxury which we really could get along without.
+
+About a mile from the little settlement of Cape York there is a “bird
+mountain.” That’s what they call the places where they find the
+dovkies, or little auks. These are small birds which live on mountain
+sides where there are talus slopes—that is, big slides of loose rocks
+all piled up. They make their nests down in the holes and cracks and
+they are very hard to find.
+
+An Eskimo went with us in the launch around to this bird mountain. We
+climbed up the slope to a regular place they use where there was a sort
+of rough blind made out of the loose stones. He carried a net with a
+long handle. We sat down on the slope, partly hidden by the blind. Then
+the birds would fly past, always in the same direction. They seemed to
+be always on the move, getting up off the rocks and swinging around in
+a great circle out over the sea and back again. There were thousands of
+them.
+
+As a bird would fly past us, almost near enough to touch sometimes, the
+Eskimo would make a quick swoop with the net, and plop a dovkie would
+be in it. Then he would quickly pull in the net, take the bird out,
+kill it and be ready for another. This is chiefly the work for women
+who are awfully good at it and catch hundreds and I guess thousands.
+They are fine eating, and the skins are used for making bird feather
+clothing, as lining to wear next the skin.
+
+After our Eskimo friend Kaweah had showed us how to do it, I tried. It
+looked awfully easy. But it wasn’t. I made a lot of misses.
+
+Dad and Dan Streeter were looking on and taking pictures, and they
+laughed as I swiped at the birds and missed them.
+
+“Three strikes and out!” they’d call when I scored three misses.
+
+But after a while I did catch a few, and some I just hit with the net
+pole and knocked them down, sort of stunned, when we got them. Dad and
+Dan also tried, but they didn’t break any records. A fellow with a
+batting eye like Babe Ruth ought to do pretty well at this game.
+Anyway, it was great fun, and was of course the first time I ever
+caught birds with a net. Funnily, almost the next day I actually did
+catch some others with a loop on a string.
+
+Where the vessel lay that afternoon was right next a big lot of bay
+ice, pans of ice with some water between them. In the distance here and
+there we could see seal. They sit up in the sun, but almost always
+right near a hole in the ice. And the minute they get frightened they
+slide off and are gone. Even if you shoot them, unless death is very
+quick, they are likely to flop off into the water, where they sink.
+
+Dan and one of the Eskimos tried some stalking, crawling up on the seal
+or pooeesee as the Eskimos call them. And he had pretty good luck,
+hitting three, two of which they got. They also got pretty wet crawling
+over the ice and through pools of water melted by the sun. Anyway, it
+was our first game. The seal meat was fine, too.
+
+The next morning we had moved northward to Parker Snow Bay. We were
+anchored there when I woke up. It’s a beautiful place, a little bay
+right on the coast, with a bit of flat land with a glacier coming right
+down behind it and stretching up to the great ice cap. Two steep fine
+mountains are on either side of the glacier, and one of them we named
+Bartlett Peak. Along the shore one of these mountains has steep cliffs
+which fall right down into the water. And there is a great bird
+rookery, or loomery as the Newfoundland folks call it.
+
+On the shore we saw a blue fox. And then after breakfast we went to
+work at the rookery to get specimens. It was a beautiful calm sunny day
+and we really had a grand time. Some of us were at it until afternoon
+and sent back a dory to bring us some lunch.
+
+We climbed up a cliff, getting at it on the easier side of a steep
+little point. From there we could reach right down to some of the
+nests. We could even touch some of the birds, both auks and kittywakes.
+They were sitting on the nests, either with eggs or very young birds.
+(Three weeks later when we came back there were many more young ones.)
+
+It was here that I used a light line to catch several birds. I made a
+slip noose in the end and let it a few feet over the edge of the cliff
+so that it rested on a nest. Then when the bird came back, if she
+settled down right, I pulled the noose suddenly. It worked quite well.
+
+Bob Peary, who is very handy at getting around and climbing, put a rope
+around himself and we let him down over the cliff to get eggs and
+nests. Art Young and Carl were the “anchors” on the other end of the
+rope. Once on his way down in one place Bob stepped on a loose rock and
+knocked it out. When it fell it started a big bunch and they all went
+tumbling down into the water with a great splash and crash.
+
+The cliff was right straight up and down, with a sort of shelf sticking
+out perhaps twenty feet from the water. After a while Bob went down
+there, where he could stand and then Dad was let down with a small
+movie camera to get some pictures. Later the launch went around below
+them, and while the men at the very top held the line tight, the men in
+the launch held it tight at the bottom and first Dad and then Robert
+slid down it into the boat, after first letting down the bucket with
+eggs and a box of nests and some little ones they had gathered up.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+SHIPWRECK
+
+
+On Monday July twenty-sixth we struck a hidden rock off Northumberland
+Island which is at the mouth of Whale Sound away up at Latitude 77
+degrees and twenty minutes north, on the east side of Baffin Bay. We
+were cruising around the island trying to locate some Eskimo whom we
+wanted to get on board to help us hunt. We were just getting into the
+good game territory. The evening before we saw seventeen walrus from
+the deck.
+
+Captain Bob had been told back at Cape York that certain Eskimo were at
+places where they usually lived, but when we got in sight of them the
+tupiks were deserted. These people move about a lot following up where
+the hunting is best, and probably the fact that the ice had gone out of
+the fjords and bays unusually early had made them change about
+unexpectedly.
+
+Anyway, we were pretty close in shore, examining four sod houses on a
+point. A big wall of rock stuck out of the mountain behind, coming down
+toward the water. It is what geologists call a “dyke”—harder rock which
+stands up under the rain and snow, like a wall, with the softer stuff
+sloping down from it on either side, sort of washed away.
+
+Well, this “dyke” evidently stuck well out underneath the surface of
+the water. Afterward we found there was deep water on both sides of it,
+right close up. But we managed to hit the very outer knob of it, about
+ten feet or so below the surface.
+
+It was about twelve thirty in the morning when we hit, broad daylight
+of course, with the sun shining brightly and fortunately no wind or sea
+running. It was very, very exciting. I was almost thrown out of my bunk
+when we hit. There was a jar and a jolt and then everything stopped. We
+had often hit into light ice, which jarred the vessel a bit, but never
+anything like this.
+
+As quick as I could I put on my pants and was just getting on my
+stockings when Dad called down from the skylight for all hands to get
+on deck and never mind dressing. I woke up Bob Peary and Doc and we all
+rushed on deck.
+
+We moved oil casks for half an hour from the after part of the ship to
+the bow so as to take the strain off the stern where the vessel had
+struck and was sticking on the rocks. It was just high tide when we
+hit. We raised the foresail, jib and jumbo and had the engine going
+full speed, but she didn’t budge. Then, as the tide began to leave us,
+we took a lot of stores ashore in our dories and started in to do what
+we could for the next tide.
+
+The Morrissey was listing on her port side at an angle of forty-five
+degrees or worse, and everything was in a dreadful mess on board. You
+just couldn’t stand even on the dry deck and where it was slimy with
+oil, as most of it was, the only possible way to get around was to hang
+on to a rope. And at that, what with moving around the heavy oil drums
+there were plenty of bad spills. Cap’n Bob cut his hand badly and Doc
+bandaged it up right away. Down in the cabins everything was in a heap.
+It was funny to see the clothes hanging on hooks from the ceiling stand
+right out crazily at a wild angle from the walls, like drunken men.
+
+The tide went down leaving the vessel high and dry, except for the bow
+which was in the water, tipped down at a bad angle and the stern up on
+the rocks. Cap’n Bob lashed ten empty oil drums on either side close to
+the keel at the stern, to help raise her when the water came in.
+
+We just had to be ready for any emergency in case the Morrissey proved
+to be hurt so badly she couldn’t float, or especially if a storm came
+up which would have broken her to pieces quickly and made landing stuff
+very hard and perhaps impossible. And you must remember we were nearly
+one thousand miles from the nearest Danish settlement and more than
+2000 miles from Sidney, the nearest big place.
+
+One thing we put ashore at once and very carefully was the emergency
+low power radio set with which Ed Manley, our radio operator, could
+keep in touch with the world in case our big outfit on board was lost.
+That little set which might have been so awfully important was given us
+by the National Carbon Company who make the Eveready batteries.
+
+And then the noon tide came and we were dreadfully disappointed. For
+the water didn’t rise to within about three feet of the midnight tide
+when we struck, so we were left with no hope of getting off until the
+next tide. And that was pretty bad, because all that listing and
+pounding was dreadfully hard on a vessel, and would surely break one up
+less strong than the good old Morrissey, which is built of oak and is
+unusually sturdy.
+
+But the water did get high enough to wash in over the deck on the low
+port side, even if the vessel couldn’t raise. There was a bad leak
+strained in her side and she leaked so badly we all had to help bail
+with pails lowered with ropes through the skylight into the mid-ships
+cabin. We couldn’t use the pumps because she had such a bad list, and
+tip forward, that they didn’t get at the water.
+
+My bunk and two others filled up with water all mixed with oil, and my
+things, especially in the locker underneath, got pretty well spoiled.
+Luckily someone lifted out my bedclothes.
+
+The stove in the galley and in the after cabin had to be put out, as
+there was danger they would spill over and set the ship on fire. The
+big galley stove was braced up with seal hooks to keep it from sliding.
+Billy the cook moved in to shore and kept making coffee there so the
+men had something hot to help keep them going. Before it was all over
+most everyone had been working continuously more than forty hours. I
+was at it more than twenty-five, and was pretty dead tired.
+
+The Captain ordered all the food put ashore and there was a lot more to
+do, lashing more casks and trimming the cargo and moving gasoline to
+land, for the motor boat in case we got stuck, and kerosene for the
+primus stoves. Then, too, they put out the big heavy anchor, taking it
+in the dories quite a way from the ship and dropping it, so that we
+could haul on it with the windlass.
+
+While the tide was down there was a lot of work to do on the banged-up
+bottom of the vessel. The false keel, which is a big timber on the very
+bottom below the real keel, was pretty well ripped off aft of the
+mainmast, and a lot of oakum was loosened out of the garboard seam.
+Lying down on the wet rocks we filled in a lot of oakum, which is a
+sort of fibre like shredded bagging or say potato sacking, with
+caulking tools, which is a blunt kind of chisel and a mallet or hammer
+to pound the stuff into the seams or cracks.
+
+Then we got a lot of Billy’s dish washing soft soap and mashed it up
+with a hammer and worked it in our hands into a kind of pasty putty. We
+put this in on top of the oakum. We worked in the water until the tide
+got up around our boots, and then climbed the ladder up on deck. I was
+able to help quite a bit on this job, and afterward there was plenty to
+do bailing.
+
+On shore we put up one of our small tents and took in most of our
+things, like sleeping bags, blankets, guns and ammunition. Everybody as
+best they could threw their things together to land. It was exciting,
+and exactly as if we were abandoning the ship. And awfully sad, too, to
+see our fine Morrissey all soaked with water and oil, and everything
+thrown about so terribly.
+
+After the unloading work, and after the men had had a mug of coffee and
+hardtack and whatever Billy could dig out of the cans, it was pretty
+nearly high tide again, along about eleven o’clock at night. The sun,
+of course, was always about the same distance above the horizon, only
+at a different point, so it seemed always a sort of bright afternoon.
+We were terribly lucky not to have it stormy.
+
+All hands were called on board and while three men worked the pumps the
+others manned the windlass. We had the big anchor and a small one out,
+to pull on with the windlass.
+
+There was a good wind coming up so we had to get her off then or she
+would surely break up and leave us there. After working for an hour or
+so we were just about to give up when the wind freshened more. Cap’n
+Bob ordered all sails hoisted. Everyone got on the halyards and pulled
+as hard as they could. The wind flattened out the sails and the engine
+went full speed ahead. But for a good many minutes she held fast and we
+were most awfully discouraged.
+
+Then all at once there was an extra big wave and a puff of wind, and
+suddenly she gave a sort of groan and slid free of the rocks. After
+twenty-five hours we were off! We sure were glad.
+
+Dad, Carl and myself went ashore to get the stores in order in case it
+rained, while the Morrissey was taken around to leeward some place
+where they could care for her better and see how things were. She
+seemed to be leaking a lot, and the plan was, in case of the water
+getting away from the pumps, to beach her.
+
+We turned in right away, at about half-past two, I suppose. And when we
+woke up it was two in the afternoon! We were pretty tired, I reckon.
+And then, too, Carl had been quite sick and had had a pretty hard time
+to keep going at all.
+
+The Morrissey had disappeared. Of course we didn’t have any idea where
+she was, but there was nothing to do but wait and fix things up as best
+we could. The next day, in the fog Carl and Dad went out in the motor
+launch to try to locate the crowd, but they did not find the vessel.
+
+So we built a sort of house, the craziest house you ever thought of.
+Robinson Crusoe never saw a funnier one. It had three walls, all made
+of food, mostly, with a big sail pulled over for a roof and some tarps
+to help out. The strongest wall, where the wind blew from, was built of
+flour sacks laid up on boxes of tinned vegetables. There were bags of
+potatoes, crates of onions, barrels, dunnage bags, hams and bacons in
+those walls. Anyway, we felt we had plenty to eat for quite a time. We
+were especially glad to have a fine lot of specially made Armour
+pemmican, presented by Dad’s friend, Herman Nichols.
+
+We had two big bear skins and these we put on the damp ground with a
+tarp for a sort of floor. With a primus stove, which works with
+kerosene, we were quite comfortable even though the wind did blow the
+sails nearly off the roof. We weighted them down with big rocks, and
+tied heavy hams that Mr. Swift had given us by ropes at the sides.
+
+I got quite sick and had to keep in my sleeping bag about the whole
+time we were at “Shipwreck Camp.” It was pretty cold with no fire at
+all to give heat, but we got along first rate. Dad explained that by
+that time almost surely word would have gotten through from our
+wireless that the vessel was off the rocks. The trouble was that the
+water, at the time of the accident, put our wireless out of commission.
+It took Ed Manley a couple of days to get it going right again.
+
+The third day about noon, when Carl was cooking up some tea on the
+primus, he glanced out of the door of our hut and saw four Eskimos
+coming toward us a long way off on the side of the mountain. As they
+got nearer we could see they all were carrying big packs.
+
+When they got to the tent the man threw off a little baby he had been
+carrying in a sling on his back. The mother had a bag of empty cans in
+her sack, which we recognized as coming from the Morrissey. With the
+few words we could understand, and a lot of motions and grinning—they
+are always awfully good-natured and nice—our friends told us they had
+been aboard the vessel and had been helping pump. She was at anchor on
+the other side of the island. It seemed she was only a few miles away.
+
+So after we had given them a feed, mostly a big can of peas which they
+loved, Carl and Dad started to find the ship, leaving me to sleep. I
+forgot to say that we gave the Eskimo some ham, which looked good and
+they showed us they would like a taste. But they did not like it at
+all. It was too salty. They use no salt in their meat, and can’t
+understand us liking it. “Nagga piook” they said, making funny faces.
+Which means, “No good.”
+
+About midnight, eight hours or so later, I heard a yell and woke up to
+see the Morrissey out in the bay beyond where she had run aground. Dad
+and Carl were on board, and as the wind had gone down they had come
+around to get the stores.
+
+I was sent aboard and Doc told me to go right to bed and keep as warm
+as possible. As my bunk was still pretty damp where it had been drowned
+out, I turned in to Dad’s bunk in the aft cabin, where the fire was
+going.
+
+When I woke up we were under way and headed south. We planned to go
+back to Upernivik and beach the vessel there and make repairs. With so
+many on board it seemed better to Cap’n Bob and Dad not to risk trying
+to make any repairs on the north side of Melville Bay, which is apt to
+be a very dangerous place to cross.
+
+If the Morrissey had struck on a rising tide everything would have been
+all right. One often goes aground up here where hundreds of rocks and
+reefs aren’t shown on the charts and where all the information for
+sailors is terribly incomplete. But of course things like that always
+happen at the wrong time. It was just hard luck. When the wind came up
+it was either break up or get off.
+
+I have written this in the after cabin as we cross Melville Bay going
+down to Upernivik. The boat has been in a terrible mess, but is pretty
+well straightened out now. And everyone has about caught up on sleep.
+
+Around my bunk and Mr. Kellerman’s the boards are crushed in. That’s
+from the great strain put on the frame and beams when the boat laid on
+her side, so that when she moved or gave a little the light inner
+framework of the bunks snapped.
+
+Dad just asked me if I’d like to go again on another northern trip. And
+of course I said I would. Really my answer was “I’d like to go anywhere
+with Cap’n Bob.”
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+THE MORRISSEY REPAIRED
+
+
+On Tuesday the third of August we arrived in Upernivik again, with
+Melville Bay safely behind us. And we knew that our trip would have to
+end right there as we could not fix the leaks in the Morrissey. Coming
+down she had been leaking about ten gallons a minute. That in itself
+wasn’t so bad, but the danger was that at any minute it might get
+worse, especially if any strain came or we hit ice or anything else.
+
+It was my turn at the pumps when we came in. When the engine was not
+running we had to pump almost continually, for the engine itself used
+up water from the bilge in its cooling system with a rig Robert Peary
+fixed up, which helped the pumping a lot.
+
+At once we got some Eskimos on board to do the pumping. Cap’n Bob went
+ashore to see how deep the water was on the beach and what the slope
+was, to see if he could beach the Morrissey. Later in the afternoon the
+Governor and his assistants told us that there was a place about ten
+English miles (the Danish mile is about four of ours) up a fjord from
+Upernivik where the vessel could be beached easily. It was a place they
+used for their own vessels to get at their bottoms.
+
+We left right away and it took about two hours and a half to get there.
+On the way over we went through a kind of natural gate in the rocks
+that seemed about as wide as the length of the ship. It was very, very
+deep because there was a mountain on either side with sheer cliffs
+going straight down for probably a great many fathoms.
+
+They anchored the boat to wait for a big tide while Cap’n Bob got
+things ready to try and get her out so work could be done on the
+bottom. The trouble was that the damage was on the very bottom of the
+keel so that just to keel her over on her side did no good. From
+Upernivik Dad had arranged to take up with us a dozen Greenlanders to
+help with the heavy work, like shifting ballast. Also we borrowed from
+the Governor his blacksmith and some tools.
+
+The next day some of us took the Governor back to Upernivik in our
+launch. Doctor Heinbecker and I stayed there, visiting Dr. Rasmussen,
+the woman doctor who lives there and visits all around at the little
+settlements. She makes these trips in her own little power boat, with a
+couple of Eskimos to run it for her. She is a Dane, and most awfully
+nice. She is very big and strong, and they tell grand stories about how
+she drives her dog team in the winter and can tire out men who try to
+keep up to her. All the time we were at Upernivik she let us sleep in
+comfortable beds in her little hospital, and in every way treated us
+splendidly. While visiting there we had some interesting things to eat,
+like seal meat, auks, duck and ducks’ eggs.
+
+That afternoon Dr. Rasmussen got a message that someone was sick in a
+little village called Augpilagtok, only a few miles from where the
+Morrissey was. The others returned to the Morrissey and Doc and I went
+with the Lady Doctor to this village, asking that they send over there
+to get us. We went in her little boat which was built in Denmark. It is
+very sturdy and good in the ice, ploughing along just as if there was
+no ice at all.
+
+In Augpilagtok there was a tiny store in a little room joined to the
+house of the head man. His name was Imik and later he went with Dad on
+a three days trip, to the glaciers and the ice cap. In the store they
+sold lead for the bullets which they made in crude moulds, and also
+caps and powder. Their rifles shoot both shotgun shells and rifle
+bullets, and they make all the ammunition themselves. Here the Eskimos
+have money which they use in the store to buy biscuit, sugar, tobacco
+and other things. These are weighed out on funny little scales the
+weights of which were two old brass hinges.
+
+After a while our launch came with Dad and some of the others and we
+all went back to the Morrissey, through lots of ice. Most of the way
+the Lady Doctor’s boat, the Mitik, which is very broad in the beam,
+ploughed through the ice in front, with our launch trailing along
+behind.
+
+When we arrived at the Morrissey the Captain wanted to get rid of some
+of us, to make things easier for Billy, the cook, who had the big bunch
+of Eskimos on his hands. Also, they were moving ballast and getting
+ready to put the vessel over on her side which would mean putting out
+the fires and having everyone camp on shore. The Lady Doctor invited
+our Doc, Harry Raven and myself to go to town with her, which we did.
+
+We went back to Upernivik in the Lady Doctor’s boat, reaching there
+about four o’clock in the morning—broad daylight, of course, and with
+the sun shining brightly, for all this time we were very lucky to have
+fine weather and really quite warm. I suppose the temperature was about
+sixty at the warmest and never got below forty.
+
+During lunch, at two o’clock that afternoon we heard another great
+yelling from the natives.
+
+“Umiaksoah!” they yelled. That is the word for ship. (I have spelled it
+the way it sounds to me.)
+
+To our great surprise we saw a battleship coming into the harbor. It
+proved to be the Islands Falk, meaning the Iceland Falcon, the Danish
+patrol ship. It had heard by radio of our trouble while it was away
+down in south Greenland and at once had started north to rescue us. The
+first report, relayed to them by radio from an American vessel in the
+north, said we had entirely lost the Morrissey and were all on shore.
+Just why such a report was sent we could not imagine, as of course we
+had sent out no word of that kind.
+
+Anyway, later on Captain West of the Falcon got another word from the
+Canadian ship Boethic which was over on the Canadian side. The Boethic
+had had wireless word with us, and told Captain West the real facts,
+which were that we were working south to Upernivik to make repairs. So
+the Falcon came to Upernivik to help us.
+
+I got a small boat and rowed out to the battleship and went aboard. To
+my great surprise I was greeted by Dr. Knud Rasmussen who had come up
+on the Falcon from Disko where we had been supposed to meet him. But
+his ship from Denmark had been very late and he failed to connect with
+us there. I told him about what had happened to us.
+
+Then Captain West, Commander Riis-Carstensen, Dr. Rasmussen and others
+went up to the Morrissey to offer help. In the end they sent a fine lot
+of men up there with a diver and boats and everything. The diver worked
+for about six days, while the Danish officers and sailors lived aboard
+and camped ashore. It proved that with the diver it was possible to get
+the leaks just about stopped. But I think that without him we would
+have had pretty serious trouble. The hard part was to get at the
+damaged place, which was on the very bottom of the vessel. And at the
+beaching place where they sent us it turned out there was not enough
+tide to get the bottom clear out of water.
+
+We certainly were very grateful to the Danish officials for all they
+did for us. No one could possibly have been nicer or more generous. And
+I never saw a finer lot of men. It was great fun for me to be with them
+on the ship and around town. Most of the sixty men aboard were from all
+over Denmark, fine younger men who were doing their one year of
+compulsory naval service. In Denmark every man has to serve in the army
+or navy for about a year of training. And I think they all love to get
+on this Greenland trip, it is so different.
+
+While they were working on the boat we moved into Upernivik, Doc, Harry
+and I. Dad took three men up to the glacier, where they got pictures
+and collected some bird specimens.
+
+It was a very gay time for Upernivik, probably about the most exciting
+they ever had. For not only was the Morrissey there but also the Falcon
+with a crew of sixty, most of whom were ashore much of the time. There
+was a dance in a big warehouse near the wharf every night, which always
+lasted until morning. In fact, there just wasn’t any night. In the
+summer when a boat comes to those far away towns, they forget all about
+sleeping. Everyone stays up all the time. For the people in the boats
+it really is pretty hard, for the people ashore at least can go to
+sleep when the boat leaves, while it is just then that the work starts
+for the travellers.
+
+At Upernivik is the farthest north church in the world, they told me. A
+new building had just been completed, and on the Sunday we were there
+it was opened. There was a great crowd, and the Governor wore his high
+hat and everything. Of course we all went, and to the native wedding
+that afternoon. The hymns were sung in Eskimo, and there was a long
+Eskimo sermon. The first church in Upernivik was built away back in
+1780.
+
+On the evening of August tenth the Morrissey came back to the harbor.
+The diver had fixed her up finely. Captain West gave Captain Bartlett a
+letter saying she was quite seaworthy. So we were very happy, as it
+meant we could keep on with our trip, which had come so near to ending
+in disaster. And we decided to go north again, taking Knud Rasmussen to
+Thule.
+
+The night before we left they gave us a grand party at Governor Otto’s.
+All the shutters were closed so the house would be dark. Then, to make
+it pretty, they lit many candles. Eighteen people crowded into the
+little dining-room, and there were speeches and quite a fine
+celebration. I went to bed pretty early but the older people, I think,
+did not turn in until seven in the morning.
+
+On the Iceland Falcon, the last night, there was another farewell
+party, Cap’n Bob and Dad dining with Captain West. They loaded on the
+Morrissey the stores of Dr. Rasmussen and his baggage. He was going
+back with us all the way to New York, so he had a good deal of clothes
+and the like.
+
+As we up-anchored and got under way we dipped our flag and fired our
+biggest rifle three times in salute. Then the Falcon answered with
+three shots from one of her big guns, and the people on shore fired
+another salute with their small cannon. Altogether it was a very gay
+send-off. The Governor was out in his big rowboat, waving good-bye to
+us. Certainly Upernivik could have treated us no better, and we all
+appreciated it.
+
+And then we headed north again, with Dr. Rasmussen. And we felt mighty
+lucky to be on our way again, instead of retreating south. Before us
+lay our third crossing of Melville Bay, which is quite a record for one
+season.
+
+Dr. Rasmussen, for instance, has crossed it about forty times. Probably
+he has travelled up here more than any other living man. He told me
+that once it took six weeks to get just across Melville Bay, his boat
+being frozen in solid in the pack ice, and just drifting. How lucky we
+have been to get across three times with practically no ice at all.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+OUR FIRST NARWHAL
+
+
+After crossing Melville Bay again for the third time, and without
+stopping at Cape York, we arrived in Thule. Coming up, on the other
+side of Melville Bay, I got entirely cheated out of one stop. It was
+very early morning and I was sound asleep and they didn’t wake me.
+
+As the boats came out to meet the Morrissey the men waved their hats in
+greeting. But when they came near and saw that Rasmussen was aboard
+they started shouting and cheering. The man running the engine in the
+little power boat was so excited that he forgot to stop the motor and
+ran the boat full speed and head on into the side of the vessel so hard
+that most of the people in his craft fell down.
+
+We brought Rasmussen to this trading station of his where he had not
+been for five years and Dad had agreed to take away for him to New York
+the fox skins they had traded from the Eskimos during the winter. Also
+Mr. Rasmussen’s manager, who is also his cousin, had been promised that
+he could go back to Denmark this year. He had been at Thule
+continuously for six years. The first time we were there an apple Dad
+gave him was the first he had eaten in all that time.
+
+We also took from Thule a native girl called Nette, who has been
+studying to be a nurse and is going back to Denmark to complete her
+education, living with Mrs. Rasmussen there. We will take them to
+Holsteinsborg where they will get a steamer for Denmark.
+
+Hans Nielsen is Rasmussen’s manager and he of course is very pleased at
+the chance to get away. He brought his own kayak on the Morrissey so
+that he can help us in hunting.
+
+While in Thule, early in the morning, Dad, Dan, Bob Peary and I went
+out in the motor boat with two Eskimos to look for seal. We went up the
+fjord about five miles inland to the foot of a glacier and saw about
+six, but couldn’t get near enough to shoot them. We took several long
+shots, without success.
+
+We had to go back then, for as soon as Nielsen and Nette were ready we
+were leaving for Whale Sound. During that morning while they were
+packing up we had quite a dance outside in front of Mr. Nielsen’s
+house. Kel took movies of the party. We had a pail of candy and when it
+was passed around the Eskimos would dig in with both hands. But really
+they are most awfully polite and these nice people in the North never
+take anything without being asked first. And I think they never steal.
+It’s interesting to know what Mr. Rasmussen tells me, that in the
+Eskimo language there are no swear words. They just don’t use bad
+language. The worst thing to call a man is to say he is lazy or a bad
+hunter.
+
+From Thule we took a bunch of Eskimos, including one older man who had
+been with Peary and was very sick. He said to Cap’n Bob: “I wish for
+the good days of Pearyarkshua when we had plenty to eat and to wear.”
+
+Of course the Captain knew him well and told me that he used to be
+about the strongest Eskimo of the whole lot they had and one of the
+very best hunters. His name is Ahngmalokto. Doctor Heinbecker gave him
+some medicine, and the skipper gave him tea and bread and jam, but he
+wasn’t able even to eat that. It was very sad.
+
+Thule itself is at the head of North Star Bay, on a rocky beach that
+sweeps around like a crescent. Out at the sea end, on one side, is a
+huge hill with a flat table-like top with steep walls at the top then
+sloping down evenly in great rock slides which are called talus slopes.
+It’s a lot like a mesa or tableland in our own west. The name of this
+queer mountain is Oomunui. There are four frame buildings, the trading
+station, the furthest north in the world. And about a mile away, across
+the rock peninsula, is the native settlement, a scattered lot of
+tupiks, the summer skin houses of the Eskimos, with the stone winter
+houses nearby along the shore. I suppose there are about forty people.
+
+Since 1910 Rasmussen has run this trading station. It is to help these
+northern Eskimos, called the Smith Sound tribe. They are the furthest
+north people in the world. Before, they never had any regular chance to
+get things, or to trade their skins, except to whalers once in a while,
+or explorers. Before Peary commenced coming about thirty years ago they
+had no guns or steel or anything else except what they made and found
+themselves. They used to make arrow heads out of meteorite chips, and
+made fire from flint they found. And about all their weapons and knives
+were made from ivory. The walrus tusk is very fine for this sort of
+thing.
+
+Even today they have very little, compared with the poorest people of
+the world we know. But they are healthy and happy and very good natured
+and kind. And of course they are great hunters. They have to be, to
+live.
+
+At Thule Rasmussen, and the Danish committee which works with him in
+running the thing, have a regular kingdom. Dad calls it a benevolent
+dictatorship, which means that Rasmussen is just about a king, but runs
+everything for the good of the people. They have money of their own,
+round pieces with holes in the middle, of three different values. The
+Station pays with these for the furs, and then the Eskimos use them in
+getting supplies from the store. Goods are sold at very low figures and
+the idea is, Mr. Rasmussen says, to make the Station just pay its own
+way. As I have said in another chapter, we brought up a lot of stores
+from New York. And now we are taking back the fox skins of the winter’s
+catch.
+
+Early that afternoon, August 15th, we left Thule.
+
+The next morning when I came on deck we were just off Northumberland
+Island and I saw the very place where we had been wrecked and so nearly
+spent quite a time at.
+
+I was on the crosstrees on the lookout for walrus and saw some seals
+and two that might have been walrus. When I got cold Bob Peary took my
+place. Soon afterward we stopped running on account of fog, and most
+everyone turned in to sleep, for with the all-the-time sunlight we
+never seem to find time to get enough sleep.
+
+I was down in the main cabin when Mr. Nielsen came down and said to
+Carl, who speaks Danish, that there was a dead white whale near. I got
+Dad and told him about it. In a few minutes they had a boat over and
+went out to get him. When they reached the floating animal they called
+back that it was a female narwhal, and not a white whale after all.
+
+They towed it in and we put two or three tackles on it and started to
+get it aboard. It was about fifteen feet long and weighed I suppose
+over a ton. It had been dead quite a time and smelt pretty bad, so we
+decided to open it as it hung beside the boat and get the intestines
+out and some of the blubber off. The inner meat proved to be sound and
+all right.
+
+We fixed a rowboat alongside and Harry Raven and Fred got in it and did
+the cutting up, with their oilskins on, for it was pretty messy. With
+the narwhal Harry found a little one. And he wasn’t so little either.
+He measured five feet seven inches. This was carefully embalmed. That
+is, Harry pumped into its veins a fluid which preserves the flesh. It
+is to be taken back to the Museum just exactly as it is. I think a baby
+narwhal is a very rare specimen, and we all hope this one gets back in
+good condition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+OUR ESKIMO ARTIST
+
+
+Karnah is an Eskimo settlement on Whale Sound north of Thule and just
+inside Northumberland Island where we were wrecked. The last time we
+were not able to get in on account of ice. We headed for there now, to
+get hunters, the Whale Sound territory being fine for walrus and
+narwhal. Also some white whales are caught just to the north.
+
+When we were about three miles from Karnah a kayak came alongside. A
+man climbed out who grinned from ear to ear when he saw Rasmussen. He
+proved to be the missionary at Karnah, named Olsen, an old friend of
+Rasmussen’s. Seeing the masts he had come out to meet us. We were, of
+course, the only vessel of the year. He showed us the way in to Karnah,
+where there was plenty of good water for the vessel.
+
+By the time the anchor was down there were a dozen or more men on
+board. Soon Rasmussen and Dad went ashore and arranged for hunters to
+go out after narwhal. Very soon after we got there great processions of
+the narwhal began to move up and down the sound in front of the
+village. Several times we saw a kayaker practically on top of one,
+ready to throw the harpoon, but something happened and he didn’t get
+it. Another man came in, who had got a harpoon into a narwhal, and told
+us his line had broken.
+
+A narwhal seems to jump just about the same as a porpoise, only he runs
+larger. He is very pretty, with a mottled skin like castile soap with
+blotches of white and lead color. The male has a big tusk sticking out
+of his head, on the left side and straight out in front. It is ivory,
+with a twisting spiral surface. The biggest tusk I’ve seen is about ten
+feet long. They have been called “Unicorns of the Sea.” The biggest
+narwhal we got was fifteen feet long, and I expect they run up to
+twenty feet.
+
+We spent most of the night at Karnah, visiting and getting narwhal
+skulls, while the hunters were out. It was decided that Rasmussen would
+take Bob Peary and the big dory with the Johnson engine and go up the
+fjord to try and get a couple of narwhal.
+
+Later I learned that just after Dad had turned in at three-thirty two
+hunters got their narwhal near by. In the morning when I came on deck
+there was a fine big narwhal with a tusk. He was fifteen feet long, not
+counting the tusk, which was about seven or eight feet long. Later a
+small female was brought in, about nine feet long.
+
+All day Fred and Harry worked on these narwhal. Because the narwhal
+were so heavy, to get them on board we had to use the two throat
+halyards. Fred took plaster casts of the heads and tails and fins.
+Photos were taken from all angles, and measurements and strips of skin
+were taken, so that a whole narwhal model can be constructed at the
+Museum. After this work was done we started in to clean the meat off
+the bones. Most of us wore rubber boots so as not to mind walking in
+the blood, but the Eskimos didn’t mind at all. They, of course, get the
+meat for themselves. While we would flounder around and have to cut two
+or three times the Eskimos would go ahead very quickly and skillfully,
+as they have done this sort of thing so many times. The skeletons were
+completely stripped in a few hours.
+
+From Karnah we took with us six hunters with their kayaks to help us
+get walrus. Four of them used to be with Peary and their names are
+Etukashuk, Pooadloona, Kudluktoo and Kesingwah. The last named was one
+of the Eskimos who came back with Captain Bob from 87 degrees 47
+minutes north, only a few miles from the North Pole when he was with
+Peary in 1909, who went on to the Pole itself.
+
+They are all fine looking men and although they speak very little
+English they catch on to things very quickly and are awfully nice
+people to be with.
+
+There are two fine boys. One is Pooadloona’s son, Matak. The other is
+Nils, who is sixteen. He has very light hair, about the color of mine,
+and blue eyes. He comes from South Greenland, and his father, I guess,
+is a Dane. He is awfully good in a kayak and built solid all around.
+While three years older than I am he doesn’t come quite to my shoulder.
+Of course all these people are very small. Very few of the men, I
+think, are over five feet five inches, but they are built like oxes
+usually with short legs and thick bodies and a little fat although
+hard. This boy Nils has killed seal and narwhal all by himself.
+
+Also we took on board a nice Eskimo called Kakutia, which means
+something like “He of the Quiet Voice.” He is a fine artist and loves
+to make drawings of the weapons they use, of the animals and things
+like that.
+
+We gave him paper and pencils and during two days he worked along and
+made a fine lot of drawings. Some of them will be used as decorations
+in the book that will be made from this. It’s great fun to think that
+my little book about Greenland is to be illustrated, partly, by a real
+Eskimo, and that the pictures themselves actually were made in the
+cabin of the Morrissey, here with me and Dad, right in Whale Sound in
+latitude seventy-eight north.
+
+Later on I found out that Kakutia is the son of Panikpah, whom Captain
+Bob knows very well. He was one of the Peary men and was an artist too.
+A number of his sketches are used in different Peary books. It’s
+interesting to see this being able to draw inherited by the son from
+the father.
+
+We are giving Kakutia a big roll of paper, some pads, pencils and a
+fine lot of lovely crayons, most of them Crayola given me by Grandpa
+Bub. He is delighted with all this and I expect will have a lot of fun
+this winter drawing and coloring pictures. And of course we gave him
+also useful things, for he has been fine to me. I hope later, by
+Rasmussen or in some way, to send him copies of the book, for Dad says
+his name is to appear on the title-page as the one who made the
+decorations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+WALRUS HUNTING
+
+
+At about six-thirty in the evening of August 16th a little way off
+Northumberland Island we saw a herd of walrus. They were moving along
+in the water quite fast, diving now and then and rising up a lot like
+porpoises. They get their food from the bottom mostly, eating clams and
+things like that.
+
+By the way, Captain Bob does a lot of dredging—that is, we drag a sort
+of net along the bottom to bring up the sea life there—and here in
+Whale Sound his hauls are the richest yet. There are clams and great
+numbers of shrimp. Which of course is why the walrus like it here.
+
+In a few minutes the Eskimos were in their kayaks and out after them.
+It was very interesting to watch. One Eskimo would go ahead of the herd
+and make a lot of noise to attract their attention. Then the other
+hunter would come in behind very slowly and quietly and try to get
+within perhaps a dozen feet and then throw his harpoon with all his
+force into the walrus. There would be a very loud puff, like steam
+escaping, as he took breath and then a flip of his tail and he would
+disappear. The man in the kayak would back off quickly so the walrus
+wouldn’t come up under him. Then they would watch the float, which is
+an inflated sealskin, attached to the end of the harpoon line to see
+which way the harpooned walrus would go.
+
+As the float moved off, or was drawn under water by the diving animal,
+they would follow. It was all very dangerous, and many Eskimos are hurt
+and killed when angry walrus turn on their frail little boats which one
+toss of a walrus’ tusks would smash to bits. In attacking the walrus
+lifts his head and comes down on the thing he is attacking with the end
+of his sharp tusks, ripping things terribly. I saw them attack several
+floats that way.
+
+When the walrus came up, and the men could get close, the same sort of
+performance was gone through with again. Only this time they would try
+to get close with their lance, to stick it into the animal to kill him.
+The other animals in the herd often would stay close to the wounded
+one, barking and roaring something like a cow mooing, and puffing and
+blowing water. It is very noisy and very exciting. When the others come
+close, the Eskimos would bang their paddles on the paddle rest in front
+of them and yell, to scare off the other walrus who otherwise might
+attack them. Sometimes when scaring the walrus away they get within
+three or four feet of them.
+
+In a short time there were four walrus harpooned, three of them lanced
+and dead and ready to be picked up by the Morrissey. We had the launch
+fast to one of them that was only wounded. We did not want to shoot
+him, as he had a fine head and the bullet is apt to break the bone
+structure and hurt it for use as a specimen.
+
+Art, Dad and Captain Bob went out in the launch to get him. The Captain
+wanted to lance him, himself. He told Art to do the shooting with his
+bow and arrows. Art shot at him seven times, all striking in the neck.
+He was bleeding badly and getting pretty mad. He would have died from
+the arrows, but they wanted to finish him as quickly as possible.
+
+He pulled so hard that he turned the Morrissey around. He was fast to
+the ship by a native line made of the hide of the bearded seal, or
+ugsug. Its wonderful strength is shown by its power to pull the vessel
+about.
+
+At last he gave up trying to get away and made a rush right at the
+launch. He sort of got on his back and put a flipper on each side of
+the bow of the little boat and tore furiously with his tusks at the
+bottom. We were watching from the deck of the Morrissey, only thirty
+feet or so away, and we could see the splinters fly. He put two holes
+right through the boat.
+
+The Eskimos were in their kayaks and they and Captain Bob succeeded in
+lancing the big bull, who once came right up under a kayak which really
+almost slid right off his back as the kayaker paddled desperately away.
+
+After he was dead we hooked the two throat halyards on him and hoisted
+him on board, which was quite a job. Then we went around to get the
+other walrus which the hunters had killed. In all there were seven and
+a little one I will tell about in a minute.
+
+A nice thing about this kind of hunting is that not a pound of meat is
+wasted. As a matter of fact it is a blessing for the Eskimos. Every bit
+of it is taken by them and used for their own food and for dog food.
+Our coming just helped them get their supplies. I suppose in all they
+got four or five tons of meat, what with the walrus and the narwhal.
+
+After that Dad, Dan and myself went out in the little rowboat and
+followed along after two hunters in kayaks. They went right into a herd
+of about forty and harpooned one and motioned for us to come up and
+shoot it. There was a good-sized herd within fifty yards of us,
+puffing, grunting and barking. Now and then stray animals would come up
+right close to the boat. They look awfully funny with their whiskered
+faces popping up on the surface and glaring at you like cross old men.
+Then they give a grunt and a spray of steam and down they go.
+
+When they were excited like this they formed sort of a circle with the
+tusks of all the old bulls facing out toward the hunters. I can’t
+imagine a more exciting sport. I wish that some day I could learn to
+use a kayak really well and try getting a walrus myself.
+
+When we were pretty close Dad fired five bullets, four of which, I
+think, hit him in the head and neck. But the rifle is only a 256, not a
+very big bore, and it didn’t do the work. Then Dan fired a shot with
+his big high-powered rifle and hit him in the back of the neck and he
+dropped instantly. This one floated. Many of them sink the minute they
+are dead.
+
+We went back to one that Doc and Kellerman had shot after we picked up
+the others. Two hunters in kayaks were waiting there. This was a big
+cow walrus. But most interesting was that beside her in the water were
+two young walrus. The older was a bull calf, a yearling I suppose.
+
+We wanted to get these young ones alive so Carl went for his lasso. Dad
+rowed Carl out in the little boat. Carl stood up swinging his lasso all
+ready to throw when he got the chance. They went right up alongside the
+old cow, who was floating partly out of water.
+
+When the tusked calf came up Carl threw the rope, but the first throw
+slipped off. Then it was evident that the smaller calf, which had no
+tusks, was easier to get, seeming to be less wild. So Carl went after
+him and about the third throw got the rope around him, which was quite
+a job because his head was small and slippery and he dove quickly.
+
+There was a great splashing and goings on. The little walrus wasn’t so
+very little. He weighed about 150 pounds and was as strong as a young
+bull. Carl hauled the rope in over the stern and finally got more of it
+around the walrus and sort of hogtied him. Finally they dragged him
+over to the Morrissey and he was hauled up on deck with a burton, which
+is a tackle used to raise and lower the dories. In the meantime the
+other young walrus had disappeared.
+
+I suppose that perhaps this is the first time that a walrus ever has
+been captured with a rope. Anyway, it’s certainly the first time this
+particular cowboy has roped one. I know that polar bears have been
+roped before.
+
+We kept the little walrus on board for two days. Dad called him
+Halitosis. He didn’t smell so sweet. We tried feeding him milk, and he
+seemed to take a little, through a hose. He would bark fiercely at
+everyone. But the really sad thing was to see him when he first came
+aboard. The bodies of the other walrus were in a great heap on deck. At
+once he smelled around and found his mother and the poor little fellow
+got right over to her and sort of snuggled up close to her, quiet as
+could be.
+
+Later Harry killed him painlessly with chloroform and he was embalmed
+to be taken back just as he was to the American Museum of Natural
+History.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+ACROSS TO JONES SOUND
+
+
+We dropped all our hunters at Karnah after a day there, during which we
+visited around and settled up what we owed the Eskimos for the work
+they had done for us. Of course all the walrus meat went to them, and
+also the meat from two more narwhal which had been captured while we
+were away, thanks to Dr. Rasmussen, who saw to it that everyone did all
+they could to get the specimens we wanted.
+
+There really were three more narwhal, but one of them was a little one
+which Harry Raven preserved whole, embalming it. The skeletons and
+skulls of the others were taken. Also Kellerman made some interesting
+movies showing the work of landing the dead narwhal on the beach and
+cutting them up. This was at night, when it was cloudy and not bright
+enough for pictures. So some of the men lit bright flares which
+Kellerman had, which lit up the beach with a queer bright light that
+was almost blinding.
+
+When the narwhal were landed Kudluktoo and the others cut off great
+strips of the skin which they all love. These were handed around and
+all hands gobbled up the stuff in great shape. The way they eat this
+sort of thing is to put a big sliver in their mouth until it is stuffed
+full, and then cut off the end outside their lips with a knife. Why
+they don’t sometimes cut their noses or lips I don’t know. Anyway, it
+looked awfully funny and ought to be good in the picture.
+
+I tried narwhal skin myself and don’t like it much. It’s sort of tough
+and seems to be swallowed without chewing. I think an auto tire inner
+tube would be about the same, only it would smell better.
+
+Pooadloona and another hunter we took over to Northumberland Island.
+That afternoon we got some more walrus but while we were fooling around
+taking some movies we lost two of the animals. I think this discouraged
+the Eskimos who couldn’t understand why the foolish white men would let
+good meat get away when they really had it killed, instead of trying
+crazy stunts for a man who looked into a machine and turned a crank.
+Anyway, there was one big walrus whose meat we took to Keate, the
+little town where we left these hunters. It was only a little way from
+the place where we had been wrecked.
+
+In the evening we started across Baffin Bay to go to Jones Sound on the
+Canadian side. We had intended to go further north to Etah, which was
+only about sixty miles away. But it was getting pretty late in the
+season and the Morrissey was giving Cap’n Bob a good deal of worry.
+While she was well patched up, she still leaked a bit and lots of
+places were sprung. For instance, the forward deck leaked so badly that
+when the walrus meat was piled on deck the blood dripped right down
+into our cabin and got on the table and especially into Bob Peary’s
+bunk. It just wasn’t possible to fix the deck, which had to be
+recaulked all over, until the vessel got to a shipyard.
+
+Anyway, it seemed better not to go much further north. Also, we had to
+go back to Holsteinsborg on the Greenland side to get the Hobbs party.
+If it wasn’t for that Captain Bob would have gone to Etah.
+
+After a day of fine going with some hours of a pretty stiff wind and
+rather rough sea, we arrived at the mouth of Jones Sound where we were
+greeted with a thick fog that put ice on all the rigging. After going
+quite a way up Jones Sound, hoping to get to the lower land where there
+might be musk-oxen, we were stopped by thick pan ice. Also new ice was
+forming in the night. Evidently winter was just around the corner.
+
+We turned around and went out again toward the mouth and then waited
+for the fog to clear up. There was lots of pan ice all around us and of
+course it wasn’t safe to risk getting caught by the ice too far in. A
+sudden change in the wind, for instance, might jam it all around us and
+keep us from getting out at all.
+
+In the early afternoon the fog disappeared and we went in to Craig
+Harbor, on the north shore of the sound on Ellesmere Land. Dad,
+Rasmussen, Doc and Joe the sailor went ashore and reported that the
+station was closed. This is the most northerly police post in the
+world, occupied most of the time by the famous Northwest Mounted
+Police.
+
+Much to our disappointment there was nobody at the station. We learned
+later they had moved to a new station further north on Ellesmere Land.
+We left a note saying that we had been there. There were two main
+buildings, a barracks and a store house, with oil barrels and sacks of
+coal piled up around. It all looked very neat. The buildings themselves
+were locked.
+
+When we left Craig Harbor we saw two big bearded seal on the ice quite
+a distance away. When the Morrissey got quite close to one Art Young
+shot him dead with a rifle with a beautiful shot right through the
+neck, and then he turned around and shot at the other. He hit him all
+right but he wriggled off the ice pan and most likely sank.
+
+When they were getting the first seal Jim, the sailor, who is used to
+killing seal on the spring Newfoundland seal hunts, jumped on the pan
+and cracked the seal over the head with a heavy seal hook. This broke
+the skull and injured the specimen for scientific use. So I was told to
+keep a watch out for more as we very much wanted to get a perfect
+specimen.
+
+We were not sure that there were any walrus in Jones Sound. But soon
+Doc and I saw what we supposed were three big seals on pans of ice
+about a mile ahead of us. We were in the lookout with glasses. And our
+seal turned out to be walrus, and big ones, too.
+
+We headed right for them and Carl and Doc and Cal and Dad got in the
+bow with their guns. When they were pretty near they shot and hit the
+walrus, but they didn’t kill him. It is pretty hard to kill one, and if
+they have any life left they slide off the ice into the water. The poor
+big walrus lifted himself on his flippers and looked around to see
+where the noise came from and what it was all about.
+
+In the water they seem pretty fierce and getting at them is quite a
+job. But on the ice they seem very stupid and sort of pitiful and
+lumbering, like a huge big sleepy cow. Only of course those tusks are
+mighty dangerous, and I believe there isn’t an animal that can fight
+with a walrus, even a polar bear. But they certainly can’t hear or see
+very well. And when they are asleep on the ice in the sun, if the water
+is quiet so the ice doesn’t rock and disturb them, it’s very easy
+indeed to get awfully close to them.
+
+This big walrus, although hit three times, started to get off the ice.
+Then Carl finished him with Dan’s heavy rifle. So we left him dead on
+that pan and moved over to the other pan where two more were asleep.
+Both of them were hit with the first shots, but both managed to get
+into the water. Carl drove my harpoon, from the ship, into one of them,
+but the other sank, although Nielsen, Rasmussen’s man with us on this
+part of the trip almost got his harpoon into that one. It was a shame
+to lose him.
+
+We all hate to kill anything and have it wasted. As a matter of fact I
+thought I was going to be awfully excited about killing things, but
+while it’s exciting all right I don’t think I care an awful lot about
+it. Getting animals for food or for museums is all right. But I don’t
+believe I want any trophies just to look at. It seems fairer to get the
+fun of seeing them alive and to let them keep on up here. From what Dad
+says, and Cap’n Bob and the others, there must have been a great deal
+more game up here some years ago than there is now, and certainly other
+expeditions killed an awful lot. Also of course the Eskimos, now that
+they have rifles, kill a lot. And after a while, I suppose, the game
+will be all gone just as it is in most of our own west.
+
+We saw another walrus not far off. The Morrissey got very close to him
+and Art put two arrows in his neck, shooting from the bowsprit so that
+a picture could be taken. The arrows might have killed him, for they
+certainly got in a long way and caused a lot of bleeding. But that
+would have taken some time, so the walrus was shot.
+
+None of these animals was wasted. Harry Raven took the brains for the
+Museum and the heads were kept by members of the expedition. While our
+crowd, I think, have had a pretty good time and certainly plenty of
+excitement, they have not had much real hunting. I know that Dad had
+hoped that the men who volunteered and came and have done lots of work
+would be able to get more fun out of it. So he is glad when there is a
+chance for them to get something to take back with them. The meat was
+saved for the Eskimos at Pond’s Inlet, where we were going.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+NANOOK!
+
+
+That night in Jones Sound, after getting the walrus, was very
+beautiful. There was a great big full moon and a very pink and golden
+sunset. The sun really went down that night, although of course it
+stayed quite light. And it was the first time we had seen the moon for
+a long time. Both the sunset and the moon, one in the west, the other
+in the east, lasted all the night, reflected over a very thin coat of
+silvery new ice.
+
+Dad and I stayed up all night. Dad shot a bearded seal on a pan, a
+pretty good shot getting him right through the head. Then Ralph got out
+on the pan and put a strap around the seal and we hoisted him on board
+with a burton and were off again. A little while later we saw another
+big one on a pan and Dad tried a long shot and missed, shooting high.
+On the second shot he hit him, but the seal wriggled off and came to
+the surface in a few minutes. Dan and Dad went out in the skiff and
+tried to get him but they would go close to the place where he was and
+he would go down and come up at another place. There was no use
+shooting him unless they got close enough to put a seal hook in him,
+for he would just sink.
+
+After a while they gave up and started back. Then three seal came right
+up near them, popping out of the water to see what it was all about.
+But they dodged back too quick for a shot.
+
+The new ice was forming quickly and the barometer was dropping. So we
+began to move out to the mouth of the Sound, as Cap’n Bob wanted to get
+out of there before we might have trouble with the ice in case of a
+storm. Of course if it had been earlier in the season we would have
+liked to stay in Jones Sound, where there certainly was good hunting.
+
+We watched and watched, but saw nothing more. We were working easterly
+following along the edge of big fields of floe ice, that is, floating
+pans, some of them just little pieces a few yards square, and others
+perhaps a hundred feet or more, or a number of pans floating about
+together, partly joined by new ice. You could almost see this new ice
+forming. The thermometer I suppose was about 25 degrees, or perhaps
+colder. Little crystals gathered together in the quiet water and then
+there was a thin sheet of rubbery ice. As the boat moved through it the
+surface held with a lot of strength. It would wave as the ripples from
+the bow worked out under it, and took a lot of pressure before it
+actually broke.
+
+It was just about four o’clock in the morning and I was going to turn
+in. I was cold. But it had been fun staying up and I don’t think I ever
+saw anything so beautiful as that light on the ice and the calm grey
+water, with the snowy mountains and dark cliffs and white glaciers on
+both sides of the sound.
+
+Dan was still working, cleaning up his walrus head. Dad was at the bow.
+Ralph was at the wheel, and Jim on lookout.
+
+“Bear! Bear!”
+
+Suddenly Ralph called that out, in a low voice.
+
+Jim rang for the engine to stop and at once the Captain, who was below
+getting a nap after being up about twenty-four hours, came on deck.
+
+From where we were all that could be seen of the bear was a small
+yellow spot away over on the other side of a big pan. I was told to go
+aloft and keep my eyes on him and to yell if he went into the water. If
+a bear gets into the water it is pretty easy to get him, for he doesn’t
+swim too fast to catch. But if he gets to land he is likely to get
+away. Cap’n Bob was afraid he might start across the big pan one way,
+as we went round the other.
+
+Anyway, the Morrissey went around the pan and nosed up, very quietly,
+to within about thirty yards of him. The bear held his nose high in the
+air and then came toward the ship making a very pretty jump across some
+young ice. He seemed not a bit afraid, only very interested in this
+strange new huge animal that had come to bother him.
+
+Cap’n Bob wanted to be sure for us to get this first bear, so several
+took a shot together. The rifles of Dad and Dan and Doc all blazed out
+together and later we found that each shot hit and that any one of them
+apparently would have been fatal.
+
+Jim and Ralph jumped out on the ice from the bowsprit and made a line
+fast to the dead bear and he was hoisted aboard and laid up forward,
+the rest of the deck being pretty full of walrus meat and skins and
+heads. About that time we looked pretty messy and like a butcher shop,
+but right away, as the barometer was falling and it felt like snow, all
+hands went to work and kept at it until breakfast, by which time things
+were pretty shipshape.
+
+After that, by the way, we had a wonderful assortment of meat. There
+was walrus heart and meat, and bear meat hanging in the rigging and a
+big bunch of auks and murres hanging in the shrouds, and also some fine
+seal meat. Some of this seal we ate at dinner that next day, boiled not
+very much, and it certainly was fine. So for some time we had a pretty
+fine meat diet.
+
+Right away, too, Billy boiled out a couple of bottles of bear oil for
+Dad and Rasmussen. This is great stuff for shoes and leather.
+
+And speaking of bear, I now have two complete outfits of Eskimo
+clothing. The northern kind has nanookies, or bear pants. Nette made
+these on board from a part of a skin Dr. Rasmussen gave Dad, and at
+Karnah when we stopped the Eskimo women there chewed it up in their
+teeth so that the hide became very soft and easy to work. Then there
+are sealskin boots with rabbit fur inside and a sealskin netcha or
+jacket with a hood to go over the head. It is a wonderfully warm and
+comfortable rig, this northern outfit.
+
+This bear of ours, they said, was a four-year-old. He measured seven
+feet and four inches long and they guessed he weighed close to six
+hundred pounds. Later on Fred fixed up the skin and the head to be
+taken back and made into a rug. I worked on the skull, which takes
+quite a lot of work to clean all the flesh off.
+
+So that made a pretty exciting finish to a really wonderful day. We
+were sorry for just one thing. There wasn’t enough light at that time
+of the morning or late night to get any pictures of the bear. Anyway,
+in about eight hours we had got walrus and bearded seal and then the
+pride of it all, Nanook the bear.
+
+And a funny part of it is that just the night before, Dad had sent a
+radio to Mother saying that pretty soon he hoped to find a bear on one
+of the ice pans, and that his skin was mortgaged to make a rug for my
+little brother June to play on in front of the fire this winter.
+
+Then so soon after that we got the bear and the rug for Junie!
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+AT POND’S INLET
+
+
+On August twenty-eighth after a long time in very thick fog we at last
+saw land only a little way off. For a couple of days we had been
+working down the coast of Devon Island and Bylot Island, wanting to get
+to Pond’s Inlet where there is a station of the Northwest Mounted
+Police and also a post of the Hudson Bay Company.
+
+Cap’n Bob had not been able to see land or to take any observations but
+we knew pretty well from dead reckoning that we had reached the south
+shore of Pond’s Inlet. “Dead reckoning,” you know, means finding out
+where you are by the record of the number of miles the log shows the
+ship has travelled. The log itself is a little instrument like a small
+propeller which is let out on a long rope at the stern; it turns around
+fast or slow according to the speed at which the boat travels, and the
+revolutions it makes are recorded showing the number of knots, or sea
+miles, covered.
+
+While we were drifting around in the fog, barely in sight of the high
+land which now and then showed through the fog, Dad and Dr. Rasmussen
+paddled about a bit in a small boat shooting murres and dovekies. In
+quite a short time Dad shot fifty-one, which made several meals for the
+crowd.
+
+Then later we put the dory over with the Johnson engine in it. It made
+a good little boat to go ahead and see how deep the water was. One of
+the sailors was in her using the lead and calling back to the Morrissey
+the depths of water he found.
+
+After a few miles of groping along that way we stopped near shore where
+a little stream came down right beside a glacier. We only had a few
+gallons of water left on board in the big tank, and nearly all the
+casks were empty. While the crew took the casks ashore and filled them,
+Bob Peary, Ed Manley and I went out rowing in the fog looking for seal.
+We’d seen quite a few during the day. Of course we didn’t get out of
+sight of land, but kept going down along the shore, so we could find
+our way back. You really could see only about a hundred yards.
+
+We shot at a couple of seal but missed them. They are pretty hard to
+hit in the water. They come up just for a minute or even a few seconds
+and take a look at you if you are close and then dive. We were just
+going after another which seemed to be keeping pretty well on the
+surface when we heard the fog horn on the Morrissey. That was a signal
+that we should come back.
+
+A little later we went ashore and on a rocky hillside found a whaler’s
+grave. He was a harpooner on a famous whaler, the Diana, of Dundee,
+Scotland, and was buried there in 1903. Some other whalers’ graves not
+far away were a hundred years old, for there were many of them up here
+as early as that. During some seasons, I was told, as many as a couple
+of thousand men would be in these waters and some vessels wintered in
+little harbors along the coast. Now the whales are about all gone and
+the whalers are out of business.
+
+The fog cleared up later in the day and we made our way to Albert
+Harbor which was one of the old whaler’s headquarters. There are high
+cliffs on all sides so it is wonderfully well protected and the water
+is very deep. In the old days they used to bring the vessels right up
+to the rock slides at the foot of the cliffs and put ballast on.
+
+Then we went on further up the Inlet, which really is a broad sound
+mostly a dozen miles wide to the place where the Hudson Bay Company’s
+post is. Right next to the Post is the detachment of the Royal Canadian
+Mounted Police. The Police have a barracks and a store house, and the
+H. B. C. about the same, with a store too. Then down along the beach
+are a dozen little shacks and some sod houses, the homes of the natives
+who live there. But most of the Eskimos in that part of the country
+live far away from the post, in villages out where the hunting is
+better.
+
+There were six white men, three of the Police and three H. B. C.
+Maurice Timbury was the constable in charge for the Police and George
+Dunn is the factor at the H. B. C. Everyone was most awfully nice to us
+and they gave us a grand time. We had dinner with the Police and then a
+dance at the H. B. C. house, which was very lively and lots of fun. The
+music was a Victrola and the Eskimos came in and danced. Also Nette,
+the Greenland girl whom we are taking around to Holsteinsborg, was
+quite the belle of the ball. She dances well and Dr. Rasmussen is a
+great dancer.
+
+The Eskimos here in Baffin Land seem to be much different from those in
+Greenland. The women tattoo their faces and wear different sorts of
+clothes. Just there at the Post, where they get lots of white men’s
+things, the native clothing isn’t seen much and I don’t believe that so
+much “store” food is so very good for them. Anyway, the crowd I saw
+seemed sort of puny and soft compared with the fine husky fellows we
+had been seeing on the other side of Baffin Bay. The kayaks over here
+seemed bigger and wider than those of the Greenland Eskimos.
+
+The meat from the walrus we had killed up on Jones Sound we brought to
+Pond’s Inlet and gave it to the natives there. They seemed very
+pleased, for it is fine dog food and they do not get walrus in those
+waters any more. In return for our gifts some women came on board and
+finished fleshing off the walrus and seal skins which we had not done
+yet. Then they were salted some more and put in barrels and headed up
+to go back to the Museum. It was a terrible job to get the grease off
+the decks and for a few days after they were as slippery as a skating
+rink.
+
+We went down to some old Eskimo winter houses, or stone igloos a mile
+or so from the Station. They were very old and were used by a people so
+many years ago that the present Eskimos don’t know anything about them
+and believe that they were quite a different race. Dr. Rasmussen says
+that from the things found in this old village, compared with others
+that have been studied, the people lived there probably about a
+thousand years ago and in some places even earlier and about the time
+the Norsemen first came to Greenland in the year one thousand and
+later.
+
+These old Eskimo stone igloos are built in a circle, mostly about
+fifteen feet or a little more across. There is a small outer room which
+is the entrance hall, chiefly to keep the inner place warmer. It is so
+low that they must have had to creep in on their hands and knees. After
+creeping in there seems to be a kind of step up into the inner room.
+The main room, I guess, was about five feet high, with a raised
+platform all around it a couple of feet above the central floor which
+is just a sort of small square in the middle.
+
+In one corner of the raised part, usually near the door, the cooking
+was done. The platform at the back was used for sleeping, and it is all
+built up very neatly with flat stones, the walls made of stone and turf
+and whale bone. The roof was flat rock and bone. In some places whale
+ribs seem to have been used as rafters to support the walls and perhaps
+the ceiling. They certainly must have been very warm and strong houses.
+I forgot to say that they really are partly under ground, for the floor
+level is usually a couple of feet lower than the level of the outer
+ground.
+
+We did some digging around these houses and at some of the old graves.
+And the next day Dad and I and Dan went with Mr. Gall and his
+assistant, Abraham Ford of Labrador, in their motor boat twelve miles
+along the Inlet to some other old houses.
+
+We found a few very nice things like spear heads and snow knives made
+of bone and ivory, harpoon handles and a little cup or dish carved out
+of bone. Later on Dad got from some of the white men the things they
+had collected so that altogether we got together quite a fine lot of
+very interesting things. And many of them really came from the “stone
+age” of these people, when they made everything they had from stone,
+like flint arrowheads, or from bone or ivory.
+
+It is quite wonderful to know that with these very primitive weapons
+which they made themselves they were able to kill the huge sperm
+whales. Yet of course they did, for their houses are surrounded with
+the bones. And in the old times these waters surely were just full of
+whale, walrus, seal and narwhal.
+
+Timbury and the two other constables, Murray and Dunn, went with us in
+the afternoon hunting for Arctic hare. We saw one but couldn’t get near
+enough because one of the dogs had followed and would chase it every
+time we got in sight. Ed shot one duck and I shot two on a little lake
+about two miles from the settlement. We didn’t know how to get them so
+Ed took off his clothes and waded out in the icy water up to his
+armpits and got them.
+
+Here at Pond’s Inlet, by the way, is the most northerly radio station
+in the world. Both the Police and H. B. C. have a short wave receiving
+set, and the Police also have a low power sending set, which I guess
+doesn’t work very well. In Mr. Gall’s house we were interested to see
+our old friends the Eveready Batteries which he uses entirely. Dad
+arranged with them to have a special program, for a few minutes anyway,
+on the Eveready hour later in November, if it could be fixed up. That
+is, he wanted to have part of a program of broadcasting in New York
+arranged so that it would be directed right at Pond’s Inlet and they up
+there could hear Dad in New York talking to them.
+
+When we left the settlement it was so windy and rough that we stopped
+at Albert Harbor again. Art and Ed and I went ashore on the steep rocky
+island to look for hares. We climbed the first hill and saw a lot of
+sign but no hares.
+
+“There’s one!” All of a sudden Art called out. “Over there by the big
+rock. Dave, you sneak over behind that pile of rocks and Ed and I will
+stay here and attract his attention.”
+
+I crept slowly toward the side of the hill and when I was out of sight
+of the hare I ran for all I was worth and then slowed down and looked
+carefully over the top. There he was, about sixty yards away, looking
+at Art and Ed.
+
+I aimed in a hurry and shot and he tumbled right over in his tracks.
+The twenty-two bullet went right through his shoulders and into his
+heart and out the other side. We saw that his back was a light greyish
+color and that he was a lot bigger than the largest American rabbits.
+In winter, I’m told, they get pure white.
+
+We chased another all over the place and almost lost him. Just by luck
+I had gone around the other way from the others and saw his ears
+sticking up a long way off. I whistled to make him stand up, but when
+he did I missed and he started running. I shot at him on the run and
+with a lot of luck got him right through the hips and backbone. He was
+larger than the first one, and pure white.
+
+We tried some others but with no luck. It was about ten o’clock when we
+got back to the boat, and almost dark. Beginning here at Pond’s Inlet
+we have had our first real nights. The sun sets and for some hours it
+gets dark.
+
+Anyway, I asked Dad to send a radio message to Mother telling her that
+I am fixing up a couple of nice Arctic hare skins for her, to make a
+collar or something out of. And Fred is showing me how to make powder
+puffs out of the tails.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+MORE BEARS
+
+
+September second we were working down the eastern coast of Baffin
+Island, intending to cross over Baffin Bay toward Holsteinsborg to get
+the Hobbs party. There was no ice to speak of, only a few scattered
+bergs, and the weather continued to be pretty nice, sunny and quite
+warm, which was very unusual for this time of year.
+
+Just at seven o’clock in the morning Dad woke me up and said that there
+were three bears on a small berg near us. Ralph and Jim, the same watch
+that discovered the first bear, had seen them. All hands turned out so
+we would not miss the fun.
+
+Carl was getting his rope ready while Art got out his bow and arrows
+for the hunt. No guns were to be used. Dad wanted to have this entirely
+a stunt for the bow and the roping, and for motion pictures. Kellerman
+had his two big motion picture cameras on deck, and a good many of the
+crowd were using their still cameras. Also Bob Peary had a small movie
+camera but he was on watch in the engine room so I ran it for him the
+best I could!
+
+The Morrissey went right up close to the berg and we got a lot of
+pictures. There was a big mother bear and two cubs which had been born
+about February, they told me. They were pretty big and husky and
+weighed probably more than 150 pounds each. It was queer to see the
+bear away out here in the water, nearly twenty miles from land. But
+later Mr. Rasmussen told us often they travel hundreds of miles almost
+all the way in the water. Swimming seems to be about as easy for them
+as walking. Cap’n Bob has found them swimming away down off the
+Labrador.
+
+As we got close the old bear walked right down to the water’s edge with
+the two cubs following. We headed away from the berg and swung around
+to leeward to let them calm down. That seemed to satisfy them. Perhaps
+they thought the ship was just a big dirty piece of ice.
+
+Anyway, they went back up on the ice and settled down. The two cubs lay
+down close to the mother, and Harry, looking through the glasses, said
+he could see that they were getting their breakfast.
+
+When we came close again for Art to get a bow and arrow shot the old
+bear got really worried and made for the water. They swam off in a row
+that looked like three butter balls, the old one first and the two
+little ones trailing. They are not really quite white, but seem to be
+sort of yellowish, almost butter color, especially when just their
+heads show in the water. Their black noses show out more than anything
+and their eyes.
+
+We came within thirty feet of them in the Morrissey two or three times,
+taking pictures. The mother bear would turn around and growl at us, and
+sort of grunt to the children to hustle along and get away from this
+strange creature that was following them.
+
+We wanted to get them back on the berg, if possible, so we put a dory
+over with Carl in it and rowed by Ralph and Joe, to try to herd them
+toward the ice again. Several times after a lot of trouble they got
+them headed back near the ice but they wouldn’t go up on it again. It
+was a queer game of tag.
+
+In the meantime Jim on board was working on a rough cage for the cubs
+because Dad had decided to get them alive if it were possible to take
+them home to the Bronx Zoo at New York. At first they were going to let
+me shoot one as I did want to get a bear quite by myself. But I agreed
+that it would be a lot better to get them alive if possible. It happens
+that in 1910 Cap’n Bob up right near here captured the huge polar bear
+that has been at the Zoo ever since, “Silver King.” He died last year.
+
+Art got out on the bowsprit with his bow and arrows and a file with
+which he gave the big two-inch steel blades of the arrows a last
+sharpening.
+
+Kellerman, at his camera, asked Art if he was ready. Art said he was
+all ready. So Cap’n Bob took the vessel right up close to them again.
+The first time Art couldn’t shoot because one of the cubs was swimming
+almost on top of the big bear. So we made another circle and came up on
+them again. It was a lot of trouble, because there was quite a rough
+swell and for the camera fixed up at the bow on the starboard side you
+had to get the vessel into position pretty exactly.
+
+Art fired his big bow. By the way, it’s got about a ninety-five pound
+pull which means it’s all a very strong man can do to even get the
+string back and the bow bent, far less aim it and all that. I can’t
+even bend the bow half way. I’ve seen Art put the arrows through
+two-inch planks of soft wood.
+
+The first two arrows hit the big bear in the back. It was a hard mark,
+just the neck and a bit of body showing in the water, and Art standing
+in a mean place on the bowsprit, and the boat rolling a good deal.
+
+The bear turned around and roared and sort of cuffed at one of the cubs
+who was close. On the next circle Art used two more arrows and I guess
+one went into her pretty deep. She bled a lot and her head went under
+the water. Then she came up and kind of rubbed noses with the cubs and
+then her head dropped again. She was dead. And I guess it was the first
+time a polar bear ever has been killed with a bow and arrow, certainly
+since the days when the Eskimos used primitive weapons.
+
+The cubs stayed around the body until Carl in the dory came up close.
+Then they swam off, barking like a whole kennel of dogs. We hoisted the
+big bear on board and covered her with a tarp. Then we started after
+the cubs, and it was about the most exciting thing I think I have ever
+seen, and an awful lot of fun.
+
+Carl sort of wedged himself up in the bow of the dory, which was
+bobbing around a lot in the swell, and the men rowed him towards the
+cubs as the Morrissey worked in close where Kel could get the pictures.
+
+The very first shot Carl got his bear. He swung his rope about his head
+in the air and let it go. The noose fell as fine as could be right
+around the cub’s head. It was a great show. The folks back in
+Pendleton, Oregon, who sent us that rope for Carl would have been
+tickled to death. And right there Dad said we would call one of the
+cubs “Cowboy.” The first one was to be named “Cap’n Bob.”
+
+The little bear didn’t know what had happened until they began pulling
+him in. Then he commenced growling and snarling and barking. When Carl
+got him alongside the dory he chewed at the rope and scratched and tore
+at the boat and at Carl and tried to climb aboard. He certainly was
+full of fight. One clean swipe from his claw would be enough to rip an
+arm off, I suppose. Carl wore heavy gloves and leather wristlets.
+
+When the bear tried to climb in Carl would bat him in the face with his
+hand or pry his paws off the gunwale. He bit at Carl and was real
+snooty. It was a great party. After a while, when he had towed the dory
+about a bit, Carl managed to get a rope sling down around his body
+behind his shoulders, and with this he was hoisted aboard with a
+tackle.
+
+Coming up and on deck he bit everything he could get at and tried to
+tear the sails he reached, and generally raised Ned. We hoisted him up
+in the air and with a smaller rope sort of led and dragged him forward
+to the cage which was on the port side of the ship by the bow. We had
+to lift him over the jumbo and lower him on the other side into the
+entrance of his cage.
+
+On the way he knocked down the galley stove pipe. Then we put a line
+around one of his front paws and then put the line under the bottom of
+the cage and pulled down on it for all we were worth. We got his head
+down in that way and then we all had to push his hind quarters. After
+about half an hour we had him in the cage.
+
+Then Carl went out and roped the other cub, who had swam away about a
+quarter of a mile. This one we got over on top of the cage all right
+but then when Will was standing up leaning on the jumbo boom the bear
+jumped right up at him and Will just got away in time. The bear landed
+just where he had been. It was very close. We got him in the cage the
+same as the other one.
+
+We gave them a duck and to our surprise they ate it all up in a minute.
+It is very unusual for an animal to eat so soon after he is in
+captivity. They must have been pretty hungry on that berg. We thought
+we would see how they liked the dog food we had on board, in cans. It’s
+called Ken-l-Rations and is pretty good stuff even for men. The Eskimos
+North liked it a lot. Well, our bears just loved it. They actually will
+bite chunks of it off a big spoon which Carl holds through the side of
+the cage. Dad has asked him to look after “Cap’n Bob” and “Cowboy.”
+
+
+
+And that really ended the expedition. Of course there was plenty more,
+and it was a month before we got home.
+
+After getting the bear cubs we went across Baffin Bay to Holsteinsborg
+and picked up the Hobbs party. Then we started home. And the first day
+out we dropped our tail shaft and propeller, a third of the way across
+Davis Strait. That meant we had to go the rest of the distance to
+Sydney without any engine. We made those 1400 miles with sails alone,
+and we had a couple of grand gales and a real hard time getting through
+Belle Isle Straits and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, what with fogs and
+head winds. It took 15 days of sailing. But it was sort of a fine way
+to finish up a trip on a vessel which was really meant for sails alone
+before we put in the engine.
+
+And this, now that I’m back from Greenland, I’m writing on the
+Morrissey as we’re in sight of Cape Breton Island. And it all will be
+sent down by railroad from Sydney and perhaps the little book will be
+about ready by the time we’re back home—which is a pretty good place to
+be!
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75370 ***
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+<body>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75370 ***</div>
+<div class="front">
+<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="figure cover-imagewidth"><img src="images/frontcover.jpg" alt="Original Front Cover." width="508" height="720"></div><p>
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 frenchtitle"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first center large">BY DAVID BINNEY PUTNAM
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="sc"><a class="pglink xd33e48" title="Link to Project Gutenberg ebook" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74551">David Goes Voyaging</a></span><br>
+<span class="sc">David Goes to Greenland</span>
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e117width"><img src="images/frenchtitle.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="552" height="46"></div><p>
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="figure frontispiecewidth" id="frontispiece"><img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" alt="Cap’n Bob Bartlett." width="507" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Cap’n Bob Bartlett.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 titlepage"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="figure titlepage-imagewidth"><img src="images/titlepage.png" alt="Original Title Page." width="485" height="720"></div><p>
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="titlePage">
+<div class="docTitle">
+<h1 class="mainTitle">DAVID GOES TO GREENLAND</h1>
+</div>
+<div class="byline">BY<br>
+<span class="docAuthor">DAVID BINNEY PUTNAM</span><br>
+<span class="sc">With a Foreword by</span><br>
+<span class="docAuthor">CAP’N BOB BARTLETT</span></div>
+<div class="docImprint">
+<div class="figure xd33e149width"><img src="images/tp-image.png" alt="Sketch of sledge." width="297" height="128"></div>
+<br>
+ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS, WITH DECORATIONS<br>
+FROM DRAWINGS MADE ESPECIALLY BY THE ESKIMO,<br>
+KAKUTIA, AT KARNAH ON WHALE SOUND
+<br><br><br>
+G.&nbsp;P. PUTNAM’S SONS<br>
+NEW YORK AND LONDON<br>
+<span class="docDate">1926</span></div>
+</div>
+<p></p>
+<div class="div1 copyright"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first center">Copyright, 1926<br>
+by<br>
+Perry Mason Company<br>
+(<i>The Youth’s Companion</i>)
+</p>
+<p class="center">Copyright, 1926<br>
+by<br>
+G.&nbsp;P. Putnam’s Sons
+</p>
+<p class="center"><i>First Impression, October, 1926</i><br>
+<i>Second Impression, October, 1926</i><br>
+<i>Third Impression, October, 1926</i><br>
+<i>Fourth Impression, November, 1926</i>
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e199width"><img src="images/knickerbocker.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="106" height="183"></div><p>
+</p>
+<p class="center">Made in the United States of America
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 dedication"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first center">To
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="sc">My Best Friend</span>
+</p>
+<p class="center">WHO REALLY SHOULD<br>
+HAVE GONE TO GREENLAND
+</p>
+<p class="center">MOTHER
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e220width xd33e220"><img src="images/p-iv.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="269" height="161"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb.v">[<a href="#pb.v">v</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 foreword"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p-v.png" alt="FOREWORD" width="611" height="92"></div>
+<h2 class="main">FOREWORD</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">David has asked me to write a foreword for his book, which I have seen him working
+at during these last three months as we sailed northward. Yesterday I read the manuscript
+which had just been typewritten from those painstaking penciled pages of the boy’s.
+</p>
+<p>As I read I thought more than ever how fortunate David is, first to go with “Uncle
+Will” (Dr. Beebe) as far south as the Galápagos Islands on the Equator last year,
+and now to North Greenland. For anyone, of thirteen or thirty-nine, that’s a pretty
+fine spread and a great experience.
+</p>
+<p>I must confess that it was with some misgivings I thought of the youngster going with
+us. While it was only a summer trip, almost anything is likely to happen in the Arctic
+and there’s always a chance of having a pretty <span class="pageNum" id="pb.vi">[<a href="#pb.vi">vi</a>]</span>rough time—hard, anyway, for a boy. But right here, as the expedition is drawing to
+a close (and some of it <i>was</i> fairly strenuous), I must say these misgivings did not materialize.
+</p>
+<p>David is a thoroughbred and has a real sane idea of getting along. No one who reads
+his bully story can fail to realize this. From start to finish I have watched him
+closely and he has measured up handsomely to all, and more, that any observer could
+require.
+</p>
+<p>And David is still a boy. He has learned much on the Beebe trip and on this one, things
+that will sink deep into his young soul. I believe in the years to come he will reap
+well of what he has sown, and what has been sown for him. School is fine and school
+must come first. But surely if opportunity offers to combine such experiences as these
+with “book learning,” it seems to me the grandest sort of education.
+</p>
+<p>I have heard it said that this youngster is having no real boy’s life. Anyone who
+feels <span class="pageNum" id="pb.vii">[<a href="#pb.vii">vii</a>]</span>that just doesn’t know David. They haven’t seen him with lads of his own age, as I
+have, on the football field with his friends at home or with young Eskimos on the
+<i>Morrissey</i> and ashore in Greenland.
+</p>
+<p>David is still a boy, but a boy who has happened to have a rather wide experience.
+He’s not a paragon. He’s just plain B-O-Y. And for many years to come he will remain
+young, with a young heart and the natural unspoiled freshness and happiness of youth.
+And to me, who have not had many boys around me as I’ve knocked about, it’s been a
+real pleasure to have him along.
+</p>
+<p>I wonder if many boys who read David’s simple story here, with its many interesting
+incidents, won’t become jealous. I’m sure I should, if I could turn the clock back
+more years than one likes to think about. What youngster wouldn’t want to go hunting
+three thousand miles from home, and see walrus and polar bear and narwhal and all
+the rest of it?
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb.viii">[<a href="#pb.viii">viii</a>]</span></p>
+<p>That’s really what this book should do. Not really make less lucky boys jealous, you
+understand, but stir up their blood and make them realize that there’s lots in life
+over the hill and beyond the horizon. A stirring-up like that won’t hurt them. It’s
+good tonic for the youngsters who are lounging away their youth and getting bad starts
+fussing around dances and clubs and autos and all that sort of thing, when they ought
+to be out getting their hands dirty, their muscles hard and their minds cleaned out
+with the honest experiences of the sea and far places.
+</p>
+<p>I hope the boys who read their way to Greenland with David in this little book (and
+their Dads, too) will become imbued with David’s spirit and find for themselves worthwhile
+Ultima Thules.
+</p>
+<p class="signed"><span class="sc">Robert A. Bartlett.</span>
+</p>
+<p class="dateline">On Board the <i>Morrissey</i>,<br>
+<span class="sc">Baffin Bay</span>,<br>
+September 5, 1926.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb.ix">[<a href="#pb.ix">ix</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="toc" class="div1 contents"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p-ix.png" alt="CONTENTS" width="233" height="136"></div>
+<h2 class="main">CONTENTS</h2>
+<table class="tocList">
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum xs">CHAPTER</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle">
+</td>
+<td class="tocPageNum xs">PAGE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">I.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch1" id="xd33e280">Off to Greenland</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">II.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch2" id="xd33e289">Through the Straits of Belle Isle</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">16</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">III.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch3" id="xd33e298">We Reach Greenland</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">30</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">IV.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch4" id="xd33e307">Along the Greenland Coast</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">38</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">V.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch5" id="xd33e316">Upernivik and the Duck Islands</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">49</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">VI.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch6" id="xd33e325">Across Melville Bay</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">62</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">VII.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch7" id="xd33e334">Shipwreck</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">72</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">VIII.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#ch8" id="xd33e342"><span class="sc">The</span> <i>Morrissey</i> <span class="sc">Repaired</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">88</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">IX.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch9" id="xd33e357">Our First Narwhal</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">100</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">X.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch10" id="xd33e366">Our Eskimo Artist</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">109</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">XI.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch11" id="xd33e376">Walrus Hunting</a></span> <span class="pageNum" id="pb.x">[<a href="#pb.x">x</a>]</span></td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">116</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">XII.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch12" id="xd33e386">Across to Jones Sound</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">125</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">XIII.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch13" id="xd33e395">Nanook!</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">135</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">XIV.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch14" id="xd33e404">At Pond’s Inlet</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">143</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum">XV.—</td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><span class="sc"><a href="#ch15" id="xd33e413">More Bears</a></span> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">156</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e419width xd33e419"><img src="images/p-x.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="125" height="117"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb.xi">[<a href="#pb.xi">xi</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 last-child contents"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p-xi.png" alt="ILLUSTRATIONS" width="233" height="170"></div>
+<h2 class="main">ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+<table class="tocList">
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle">
+</td>
+<td class="tocPageNum xs">FACING PAGE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#frontispiece"><span class="sc">Cap’n Bob Bartlett</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum"><i>Frontispiece</i></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p006">“<span class="sc">They Set Me to Work with a Paint Brush</span>”</a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p007"><span class="sc">Will Bartlett, Mate; “Skipper Tom” Gushue, Bo’sun; Ralph Spracklin; and Billy Pritchard,
+the Cook</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">7</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p012"><span class="sc">David and His Corona</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">12</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p013"><span class="sc">The Skipper Tells David About Taking Observations</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">13</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p018"><span class="sc">David Tries Carrying Art Young Through the Mud</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">18</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p019"><span class="sc">In the Cross Trees</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">19</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p026"><span class="sc">The</span> <i>Morrissey</i> <span class="sc">in Jones Sound</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">26</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p027"><span class="sc">A Baffin Bay Portrait of the Author</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">27</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p034"><span class="sc">We Get a Basking Shark at Holsteinsborg</span></a> <span class="pageNum" id="pb.xii">[<a href="#pb.xii">xii</a>]</span></td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">34</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p035"><span class="sc">Carl Shows a South Greenland Youngster how to Use a Pathex Motion Picture Camera</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">35</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p042"><span class="sc">Looking Down Over a Bird Rookery</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">42</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p043"><span class="sc">Nils, David and Matak, Son of Pooadloona</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">43</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p052"><span class="sc">Robert Peary Tries a Kayak</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">52</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p053"><span class="sc">Art Young Tries an Eider Duck Egg from the Eskimo Cache on the Duck Islands</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">53</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p056"><span class="sc">The King Dog of Governor Otto’s Team, with His Queen</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p057"><span class="sc">Feeding the Dogs at Upernivik</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">57</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p064"><span class="sc">In a Fjord Back of Upernivik</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">64</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p065"><span class="sc">Tupiks, the Eskimo Summer Houses Made of Skins, at Karnah</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">65</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p074"><span class="sc">The</span> <i>Morrissey</i> <span class="sc">on the Reef Off Northumberland Island</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">74</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p075"><span class="sc">View from Shore of the Wrecked</span> <i>Morrissey</i></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">75</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p080"><span class="sc">Where the</span> <i>Morrissey’s</i> <span class="sc">False Keel Ripped Off on the Rocks</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">80</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p081"><span class="sc">When the Eskimos Came to Shipwreck Camp on Northumberland Island</span></a> <span class="pageNum" id="pb.xiii">[<a href="#pb.xiii">xiii</a>]</span></td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">81</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p090"><span class="sc">Art Shoots Ducks Among the Icebergs from the Dory with the Johnson Engine</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">90</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p091"><span class="sc">Dad Tries His Hand at Netting Dovekies</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">91</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p096"><span class="sc">Carl and Art Try Swimming at the Foot of the Glacier</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">96</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p097"><span class="sc">Up on the Glacier, where the Great Ice Cap Comes Down to the Sea</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">97</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p106"><span class="sc">Harry Raven, Zoölogist, Shows how to Clean a Narwhal Skull</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">106</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p107"><span class="sc">Working on a Narwhal Skeleton</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">107</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p112"><span class="sc">Kakutia of Karnah, the Eskimo Artist who Made the Sketches Used in this Book, on the</span> <i>Morrissey</i> <span class="sc">in Whale Sound</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">112</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p113"><span class="sc">Two Blond Eskimos! David and Nils</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">113</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p118"><span class="sc">Pooadloona Throws His Harpoon at a Walrus</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">118</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p119"><span class="sc">Walrus on Deck. All the Meat Went to the Eskimos, the Skeletons and Hides to the Museum</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">119</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p122"><span class="sc">“Halitosis,” the Baby Walrus Roped By Carl</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">122</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p123"><span class="sc">Hoisting a Walrus on Board</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">123</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p130"><span class="sc">Dressing a Walrus. Left to Right: Dan, Joe, Art, David and Carl</span></a> <span class="pageNum" id="pb.xiv">[<a href="#pb.xiv">xiv</a>]</span></td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">130</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p131"><span class="sc">Art and a Dead Walrus on an Ice Pan in Jones Sound</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">131</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p136"><span class="sc">Enough for Several Fine Duck Messes</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">136</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p137"><span class="sc">Enjoying Our Atwater Kent Radio</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">137</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p140"><span class="sc">Kellerman “Shoots” Some Eskimos of Inglefield Gulf</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">140</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p141"><span class="sc">Kudluktoo and Matak Show David the Right Way to Eat Narwhal Hide, a Prized Eskimo
+Delicacy</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">141</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p150"><span class="sc">Dr. Rasmussen Shows David an Ancient Eskimo Harpoon Head</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">150</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p151"><span class="sc">Two Arctic Hare from Pond’s Inlet</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">151</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p158"><span class="sc">The Polar Bears on the Iceberg</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">158</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p159"><span class="sc">The Polar Bear and Her Two Cubs Swim Away from the Berg</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">159</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p164"><span class="sc">Carl and One of the Polar Bear Cubs He Roped</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">164</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tocDivNum"></td>
+<td class="tocDivTitle"><a href="#p165"><span class="sc">Art Young and the Bear He Killed with Bow and Arrow</span></a> </td>
+<td class="tocPageNum">165</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e793width xd33e793"><img src="images/p-xiv.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="241" height="99"></div><p>
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e796width xd33e796"><img src="images/p000.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="304" height="126"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb1">[<a href="#pb1">1</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="body">
+<div class="div1 frenchtitle"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="super">DAVID GOES TO GREENLAND</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e804width xd33e804"><img src="images/p001.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="574" height="191"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb2">[<a href="#pb2">2</a>]</span>
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e809width xd33e809"><img src="images/p002.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="469" height="340"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb3">[<a href="#pb3">3</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch1" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e280">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p003.png" alt="CHAPTER I" width="503" height="136"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER I</h2>
+<h2 class="main">OFF TO GREENLAND</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Last year I went on the Beebe trip to the Galápagos Islands on the steamer <i>Arcturus</i> which was all fixed up especially for the journey. This was a scientific expedition
+down to the Equator to get deep sea specimens, some of them caught at a depth of nearly
+three miles. The islands where we went are on the Equator six hundred miles west of
+Ecuador in South America, and going down we passed through the Panama Canal.
+</p>
+<p>“Uncle Will”—that’s Mr. Beebe—let me go on the Pacific part of this expedition as
+a sort of junior guest. We had many new experiences, some of them pretty exciting.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb4">[<a href="#pb4">4</a>]</span>There was diving in a helmet away below the surface of the water, and seeing volcanoes
+in eruption and lava streams flowing into the sea, and harpooning a big devil fish.
+Although I was the youngest member of the party—my twelfth birthday was down at Cocos
+Island south of Panama—I was able to have a part in almost everything. And of course
+it was great fun.
+</p>
+<p>Captain Bob Bartlett is a great friend of Dad’s. It was Cap’n Bob, you remember, who
+was with Admiral Peary when he first reached the North Pole in 1909. Well, he and
+Dad often talked of a Greenland expedition, which the Captain said could be about
+the finest kind of a trip, with lots to do and see.
+</p>
+<p>The American Museum of Natural History in New York wanted some things from the North
+for its new Hall of Ocean Life, as well as Arctic birds. So Dad said he would organize
+an expedition and get the specimens <span class="pageNum" id="pb5">[<a href="#pb5">5</a>]</span>they wanted. Among these are Narwhal, Greenland Brown Shark, walrus, all kinds of
+seal and many birds. Of course we couldn’t get all we were looking for, but even a
+part of it would make the trip worth while.
+</p>
+<p>I was told that I could go on this trip to Greenland, and that as soon as school was
+over I was to go down to the shipyard on Staten Island where the <i>Morrissey</i> was being refitted, and that there would be plenty for me to do there.
+</p>
+<p>We are to go as far North as about seven hundred miles this side of the Pole. In all
+we shall cover more than seven thousand miles and will be back in October. Perhaps
+if we’re late Dad will send me down by train from Sydney, for school. And we’re taking
+a couple of school books too, which he says I’ll have to work at when there is time.
+</p>
+<p>It is certainly exciting to look forward to the adventures which I hope we will have.
+I’ve a Newton 2.56 rifle and a twenty-two <span class="pageNum" id="pb6">[<a href="#pb6">6</a>]</span>rifle and I hope to get a chance to do some shooting, although I think the most fun
+will be helping in the scientific and taxidermy work, and in getting the motion pictures.
+And part of my job is to write a record as we go along, to make a little book later.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p006width" id="p006"><img src="images/p006.jpg" alt="“They Set Me to Work with a Paint Brush.”" width="502" height="720"><p class="figureHead">“They Set Me to Work with a Paint Brush.”</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>Last year Mother took me below the Equator. And this year I’m going with Dad 780 miles
+north of the Arctic Circle—that is, if we have luck with the ice. Anyway, I’m certainly
+a lucky thirteen year old boy!
+</p>
+<p>School closed on Thursday afternoon. Friday I went to Dad’s office and looked over
+some equipment. He and I had been working over the equipment and making lists and
+generally getting ready, for weeks. In the afternoon we went by ferry to West New
+Brighton on Staten Island to McWilliams’ shipyard, where our boat, the <i>Morrissey</i>, was.
+</p>
+<p>The <i>Morrissey</i> is a two masted Newfoundland fishing schooner. She is one hundred feet long and has
+a twenty-two foot beam, <span class="pageNum" id="pb7">[<a href="#pb7">7</a>]</span>and draws about fourteen feet when heavily loaded. With us now she draws probably
+about twelve. Her crew are all Newfoundlanders, wonderful sailors in fair weather
+or foul. Captain Bartlett owns her, and Dad and some friends refitted her, putting
+in an engine and making many changes to take care of our party.
+</p>
+<div class="table" id="p007">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure p007-1width"><img src="images/p007-1.jpg" alt="Will Bartlett, Mate." width="373" height="475"></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure p007-2width"><img src="images/p007-2.jpg" alt="“Skipper Tom” Gushue." width="373" height="478"></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">
+<div class="figure p007-3width"><img src="images/p007-3.jpg" alt="Bo’sun; Ralph Spracklin." width="372" height="517"></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight">
+<div class="figure p007-4width"><img src="images/p007-4.jpg" alt="Billy Pritchard, the Cook." width="376" height="516"></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="colspan cellLeft cellRight cellBottom">
+<p class="first figureHead">Will Bartlett, Mate; “Skipper Tom” Gushue, Bo’sun; Ralph Spracklin; and Billy Pritchard,
+the Cook.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>Jim is the tallest of the crew. He is over six feet and looks like a cow puncher with
+small hips and broad shoulders. He is a fine ship’s carpenter. Tom, the boatswain,
+is the oldest and most experienced. He can make most anything that belongs on a sailing
+vessel. He was with Peary on the <i>Roosevelt</i> on a couple of his trips to the North, including his one to the Pole. Joe is the
+biggest man of the crew, and Ralph the youngest.
+</p>
+<p>Billy Pritchard is about the most important man on board, to my way of thinking. He
+is the cook. Bill is pretty small, but he is a grand cook and has had lots of experience
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb8">[<a href="#pb8">8</a>]</span>at sea. He has been in the far north and has been wrecked four times. When the <i>Morrissey</i> came down from Newfoundland to get us, when the ship jumped in a heavy sea Billy
+got thrown clean out of his bunk across the galley and on top of the stove. Billy’s
+helper is Don, who is always very nice to me.
+</p>
+<p>Our skipper is Robert A. Bartlett who was with Peary and has spent years of his life
+in the Arctic and is about the most experienced ice navigator living today. Cap’n
+Bob is most awfully nice to me and he and his brother Will Bartlett, who is the mate,
+say they will help me learn the names of the ropes and to box the compass and all
+that. You see, I’ve never made a trip on a sailing vessel before, and there is lots
+to learn.
+</p>
+<p>Well, when I got to the ship, a paint brush was stuck in my hand and I was told to
+start painting on the hull, as we were then in dry-dock having a hole bored in the
+stern for the shaft for the new propeller. That day I <span class="pageNum" id="pb9">[<a href="#pb9">9</a>]</span>painted pretty near a quarter of the hull and all day Saturday there was other painting—bunks,
+lockers, hatch covers, etc. We had lots of fine Masury paint which had been given
+to the Expedition. And there was plenty of cleaning-up work to do.
+</p>
+<p>The <i>Morrissey</i> is divided into three different cabins. The fo’castle has six bunks where the crew
+sleep. It is used for the galley also. You know, on a ship the kitchen is called “galley.”
+Aft of that comes the main cabin where most of us sleep. There is a big table in the
+middle of the room which is used for eating, writing, working, etc. There are twelve
+bunks and the wireless outfit in this cabin, and a large skylight put in where the
+old cargo hatch used to be.
+</p>
+<p>The wireless is a short wave outfit, run by Ed Manley, who is an amateur who volunteered
+for the job and who just graduated from Marietta College in Ohio. The fine big radio
+equipment, with which we expect to <span class="pageNum" id="pb10">[<a href="#pb10">10</a>]</span>be able to talk right to home even from north of the Arctic Circle, was given to the
+Expedition by Mr. Atwater Kent and the National Carbon Company who make the Eveready
+batteries.
+</p>
+<p>Then comes the engine room which was once the after hold where they stored fish and
+carried coal when the boat was used for freight. All around the engine are stores,
+crowded in tight so they can’t possibly shift when the boat rolls around in a storm.
+Some of them belong to Knud Rasmussen and some to Professor Hobbs whom we will pick
+up at Sydney. He is going to South Greenland to study the birth of storms on the Ice
+Cap there. We are picking up Rasmussen at Disko Island on Greenland and are taking
+these stores for him to his trading station at Thule, near Cape York. Rasmussen is
+a great Danish explorer and an expert on Eskimo.
+</p>
+<p>Astern of the engine room comes the after cabin where the Captain, Dad, Mr. Raven
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb11">[<a href="#pb11">11</a>]</span>and Mr. Streeter sleep. There are six bunks, a table, a small stove and the only chair
+on board. Over the table is a shelf of books mostly about the Arctic and adventure.
+I have some special ones of my own to read, including <i>Two Years Before the Mast</i>, <i>Doctor Luke of the Labrador</i>, <i>The Cruise of the Cachelot</i> and <i>Richard Carvel</i>. And then Dad has waiting for me a couple of school books, Latin and an English grammar,
+which don’t sound quite so much fun.
+</p>
+<p>Most of our own stores are in a special store room next to the galley and stored in
+the run and lazarette away aft. On deck we have over fifty barrels of fuel oil for
+our Standard Diesel engine which you probably know burns oil and not gasoline.
+</p>
+<p>We started on Sunday, June twentieth, from the American Yacht Club on Long Island
+Sound. That’s at Rye, our home, and most of the men in our party visited at home with
+us before we started.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb12">[<a href="#pb12">12</a>]</span></p>
+<p>It was a hot sunny day, and a great many people came out in launches and inspected
+the <i>Morrissey</i>. There was a big lunch party at the Club and Commodore Mallory gave Dad and Cap’n
+Bob the flag of the Club to take North with us. At about a quarter to five we got
+clear of the visitors and got the anchor up and started down the Sound. A great many
+yachts and small boats were all around us, blowing horns and whistles and giving us
+a grand send-off.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p012width" id="p012"><img src="images/p012.jpg" alt="David and His Corona." width="720" height="503"><p class="figureHead">David and His Corona.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>Grandpa’s yacht, the <i>Florindia</i>, took all the mothers and sisters and wives of our crowd, with my Mother and my little
+brother June. They went along with us as far as Sound Beach, Connecticut. And then,
+when they had tooted their last salute, and we had answered on our fog horn, we were
+actually off for the North.
+</p>
+<p>Monday was a nice calm day which gave Art Young and myself a chance to stow our stuff.
+He bunks just below me so we have <span class="pageNum" id="pb13">[<a href="#pb13">13</a>]</span>to go half and half on the lockers. Art is the bow and arrow expert who was in Africa
+shooting lions. In America he has killed grizzly bear, moose and <span class="corr" id="xd33e933" title="Source: Kadiak">Kodiak</span> bear with his arrows. He hopes to try his luck with a polar bear and walrus.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p013width" id="p013"><img src="images/p013.jpg" alt="The Skipper Tells David About Taking Observations." width="720" height="538"><p class="figureHead">The Skipper Tells David About Taking Observations.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>Monday morning, our first day out, we saw eighteen airplanes near Block Island, at
+the eastern end of Long Island Sound, all headed for New York. Perhaps they were going
+to welcome Commander Byrd, who was expected back in a couple of days, coming home
+from England after flying to the North Pole. Dad and Mr. Byrd are friends and he was
+at our house a little before he started on his trip in the Chantier.
+</p>
+<p>There was a fine wind and a pretty small sea running all day. It was nice and sunny,
+but very cold, so that we all put on lots of sweaters and coats. Everyone ate dinner
+and supper that day. As we were going up through Vineyard Sound in the afternoon a
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb14">[<a href="#pb14">14</a>]</span>submarine and a lot of Coast Guard vessels passed us.
+</p>
+<p>Then it began to get rougher with a stiff southerly breeze which was fine for sailing.
+On the next afternoon we saw a lot of small whales, about 25 feet long. Two or three
+of them jumped most out of the water, and once about fifty yards ahead of our boat
+I saw one jump completely out. He looked like a huge bullet.
+</p>
+<p>That day almost all of our gang were sick, and even a couple of the crew. I spent
+most of the time on deck, listening to Mr. Raven and Van Heilner tell stories about
+spear traps and the way the Malay natives made and set traps for animals.
+</p>
+<p>We were rocking so hard and keeling over so much that often the water would come in
+through both port and starboard scuppers. I was looking through a scupper hole when
+we hit a big wave and all of a sudden the water came right in and hit me in the face
+as I <span class="pageNum" id="pb15">[<a href="#pb15">15</a>]</span>turned around from watching Captain Bob slack the main sheet.
+</p>
+<p>Ralph, one of the crew, has showed me how to make chafing gear from rope. It is used
+to keep the sails from slapping and wearing out against the steel cables. And Jim
+has taught me the names of the sails and is starting on the ropes.
+</p>
+<p>The last two days of the trip to Sydney were not so good, with a lot of fog and some
+rain. Now and then we heard fog signals on the shore of Nova Scotia, and when the
+fog lifted saw the shore and lighthouses. It is great fun to go up in the crow’s nest.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e955width xd33e955"><img src="images/p015.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="603" height="173"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb16">[<a href="#pb16">16</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch2" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e289">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p016.png" alt="CHAPTER II" width="546" height="123"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER II</h2>
+<h2 class="main">THROUGH THE STRAITS OF BELLE ISLE</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">We arrived in Sydney on Thursday morning, a few minutes before two o’clock, and I
+stayed up to see what happened. By good luck there was no fog, which made things easier.
+</p>
+<p>The first thing in the morning we cleaned up our cabin, and afterward we all went
+ashore, to a little hotel where we had baths. Bathing on the <i>Morrissey</i> is a very rare thing, although probably later on we will use the big round washtub
+which was meant for clothes but which I suppose can take us too. When Dad refitted
+the vessel, at the shipyard down at Staten Island, they put on the deck a big steel
+water tank which holds about 750 <span class="pageNum" id="pb17">[<a href="#pb17">17</a>]</span>gallons. Then there are the water barrels too so that we really are pretty well fixed.
+</p>
+<p>Up North, Captain Bob tells me, when we get out of water we just go alongside an iceberg
+and pump the water from pools on the berg over to our tank. For this we have a little
+pump affair with a piece of garden hose at each end. The melted water on the bergs
+is fresh, unless sea spray has blown up into the pools.
+</p>
+<p>That morning in Sydney I wrote some letters, to Mother and others. And then in the
+afternoon Robert Peary, Art Young, Ed Manley, Fred Linekiller and myself went over
+to the town of Sydney in our little motor launch. Sydney is about five miles away
+across a big bay, and is far larger than North Sydney where our ship lies.
+</p>
+<p>Over there we saw a very big old square rigger with gun ports all along her sides.
+She was once a frigate of the British Navy, I suppose about the time of Old Ironsides.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb18">[<a href="#pb18">18</a>]</span>We went aboard and looked around to see if we could find any loose belaying pins for
+my collection, but without luck.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p018width" id="p018"><img src="images/p018.jpg" alt="David Tries Carrying Art Young Through the Mud." width="720" height="511"><p class="figureHead">David Tries Carrying Art Young Through the Mud.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>The next day Dad, Art Young, Carl, Mr. Kellerman and I went off to see if we could
+find any trout fishing in one of the brooks which came down to the bay a few miles
+from our anchorage. We left our boat on a sort of beach and walked up the stream to
+try our luck. There wasn’t any. After fishing for a while we went back to the boat,
+which we had anchored a little off shore. But the tide had gone out and we found her
+nearly high and dry in the mud.
+</p>
+<p>We pushed and we shoved and pulled in mud up to our knees for quite a time until finally
+we got her off. Art had no boots on so I tried to carry him out but he was too heavy.
+Then we brought the boat pretty close in and Dad tried to carry Art out. Dad had Art
+on his back—Art is a big man and weighs I suppose 190 pounds—and was <span class="pageNum" id="pb19">[<a href="#pb19">19</a>]</span>starting to come out when the extra weight shoved his feet right down in the sticky
+mud over his boots and when he tried to pull up his legs one boot came off and they
+both lost their balance and fell into the mud and water. They took it as a joke and
+had to walk nearly a mile before we found a place where they could get aboard easily.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p019width" id="p019"><img src="images/p019.jpg" alt="In the Cross Trees." width="607" height="720"><p class="figureHead">In the Cross Trees.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>Over at another beach we ate our lunch which we had brought with us. And near there
+Art and I got the first game of the expedition. After sneaking up on it we charged
+in. And what do you think we found?
+</p>
+<p>It was a big clam bed. Altogether we dug about a bushel and that night we had a fine
+clam chowder. Not quite as exciting as getting a walrus, but at least it was fun and
+we claimed the clams really were the first game brought back to the <i>Morrissey</i>.
+</p>
+<p>We saw Newfoundland for the first time on the twenty-eighth of June. It was a very
+pretty sight, the mountains with snow on their sides <span class="pageNum" id="pb20">[<a href="#pb20">20</a>]</span>that had not melted away on account of the very late season. Dad says wherever one
+goes it always seems that there is an unusual season. On some of the hills the sun
+was shining and on others great shadows were floating around. In some ways they looked
+much like the hills in Montana, rolling and mostly bare.
+</p>
+<p>We saw three little fishing schooners off the Bay of Islands, which is a big bay on
+the western shore of Newfoundland. It took us from four o’clock until eight to cross
+the bay. We passed one of these boats about seven-thirty and heard someone playing
+the cornet, not very well. It sounded queer to hear a sound like that come floating
+across these far-away waters.
+</p>
+<p>There was a beautiful sunset, so red that it looked like blood dripping out of the
+sky. Ahead the weather looked fine, but astern was a big black cloud with lightning
+darting out of it every once in a while. And it sure <span class="pageNum" id="pb21">[<a href="#pb21">21</a>]</span>did storm. It was so dark that we couldn’t see a thing. On deck I fell two or three
+times, as it’s pretty hard to get around in the dark on account of the deck cargo—barrels,
+dories, motor-boats and the Hobbs canoes, beside lots of lumber and rope.
+</p>
+<p>The wind was blowing like everything and the rain came down in torrents. Art and myself
+put on our oilskins and boots and went on deck to cover up the skylights that were
+leaking an awful lot. Skylights never seem to work quite right, anyway. We put canvas
+and tarpaulins over them. Water was breaking over our bows. But the <i>Morrissey</i> didn’t seem to care a bit, and I think Cap’n Bob and Will really seemed to sort of
+like it. Cap’n Bob is a wonder and is most awfully nice to me. He seems to like having
+me work on the ropes and get into things as much as I can about the vessel.
+</p>
+<p>The lightning struck pretty near us once or twice and often the whole sky was bright
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb22">[<a href="#pb22">22</a>]</span>with forks of blinding lightning darting about wildly.
+</p>
+<p>We saw our first icebergs on the twenty-ninth, and from noon on passed about ten,
+four of them really big ones. One of them was about fifty feet high and a hundred
+feet long. An iceberg is about one eighth above water and seven eighths below. You
+can imagine how big the one I described must really be; and of course later we saw
+bergs much bigger. The smaller bergs and pieces of floating ice are called “growlers.”
+</p>
+<p>Just a week ago we had reports that the Straits of Belle Isle were frozen over from
+Labrador to Newfoundland, but the south wind of the last few days seemed to have pretty
+well cleaned them out, and we went through without any trouble. In the Straits we
+saw two steamers, which like ourselves were probably making the first passage of this
+season.
+</p>
+<p>After leaving the Straits we saw scattered <span class="pageNum" id="pb23">[<a href="#pb23">23</a>]</span>bergs all day until about four o’clock when we ran into our first real ice. There
+were lots and lots of pieces in a huge bunch about three miles by one mile. There
+were bergs as big as a good-sized house floating around by the hundreds. I went aloft
+with Ed Manley and looked around on the beautiful sight. The ice was blue on the top
+and a very pretty light green underneath. When up in the crow’s nest you can see the
+bottom of the bergs a way down.
+</p>
+<p>In the morning it was pretty foggy and we came close to some big bergs. Once when
+I was on deck we saw a berg not a hundred yards away that looked like a small hotel,
+about a hundred and twenty feet high and three hundred feet long.
+</p>
+<p>For two days we were in the ice pretty nearly all the time. This was the Labrador
+Pack, Cap’n Bob said. One morning I woke up from a jolt when we hit a piece of ice.
+The bow of the boat goes out of the water and <span class="pageNum" id="pb24">[<a href="#pb24">24</a>]</span>comes down with all its force and breaks up the ice; or else we sort of ride along
+on it a ways until it breaks loose. Anyway, it is nice to know that the <i>Morrissey</i> is built of good solid oak, and that there is that extra coating of greenheart sheathing
+around the outside to protect her somewhat from the ice.
+</p>
+<p>There was ice as far as we could see all day long, and some fog. Our course had been
+zigzagging in and out and around the ice, and it seems strange to come upon so much
+of it so suddenly when just the other day there wasn’t a bit. It is smooth water where
+there is a lot of ice, so we made pretty good time even with all our twisting about.
+</p>
+<p>One night we had quite a party, to make the time go well. With our little Pathex machine
+we had movies, and there was candy and our “foggy dew” orchestra played between the
+reels, and Art Young played solos on his funny cut-down violin which he has <span class="pageNum" id="pb25">[<a href="#pb25">25</a>]</span>taken to Africa and all over on his hunting trips. “Nanook of the North” was the picture,
+and Bob Flaherty, who made it, is a great friend of ours and has told me lots about
+the life of the Eskimos up in the Hudson Bay country. By the way, Dad says that perhaps
+we will go up there next summer.
+</p>
+<p>It was quite sunny at times during the day and Dad and Mr. Kellerman took a great
+many pictures, both movies and stills. Mr. Kellerman would go out on the bowsprit
+and get down on the stays, taking movies of the prow cutting through the ice.
+</p>
+<p>It is very exciting to see how the crew take the boat through the ice. One man is
+in the crow’s nest, on the foremast. He calls out where to go and then the man at
+the wheel repeats his words so as not to make a mistake.
+</p>
+<p>You hear the man aloft yell, “Starbo-ard!”
+</p>
+<p>And then at the wheel the helmsman repeats, “Starbo-ard!”
+</p>
+<p>Then the boat swings over to port, because <span class="pageNum" id="pb26">[<a href="#pb26">26</a>]</span>when the tiller is drawn by the wheel in one way the boat goes in the other.
+</p>
+<p>Altogether for me a pretty interesting and exciting First of July. The temperature
+was about 34, just a few degrees above freezing. And usually at this time of year
+I am swimming at home!
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p026width" id="p026"><img src="images/p026.jpg" alt="The Morrissey in Jones Sound." width="569" height="720"><p class="figureHead">The <i>Morrissey</i> in Jones Sound.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>One night Professor Hobbs of the University of Michigan gave us a lecture on the Greenland
+Ice Cap. He believes that many of the Atlantic storms start in Greenland. The country,
+as you probably know, is practically all ice. There is just a little strip of land
+around the shore, especially at the south, which is not covered with the Ice Cap.
+It is thought that this may be a mile or more thick, but nobody knows the exact measurement.
+The glaciers are tongues of the Ice Cap that kind of ooze out to the ocean and then
+break off into icebergs. There are about three hundred people in the part of Greenland
+where we are going, up North. The Greenland <span class="pageNum" id="pb27">[<a href="#pb27">27</a>]</span>Ice Cap and the Antarctic regions are supposed to be the coldest places in the world,
+even colder than the North Pole region.
+</p>
+<p>When Peary crossed the northern part of Greenland he found that when he climbed a
+hill of ice the wind was in his face; and when he went down a slope the wind was on
+his back. In other words, that there always seemed to be a wind coming down from the
+ice. Professor Hobbs and his party, whom we are taking to Holsteinsborg, will study
+these winds, the movements of the ice and other things.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p027width" id="p027"><img src="images/p027.jpg" alt="A Baffin Bay Portrait of the Author." width="534" height="720"><p class="figureHead">A Baffin Bay Portrait of the Author.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>One time about our second day in the ice when we were winding in and out of the leads
+we saw a black something in the water. I yelled out to the others to come and see
+the seal. It was the first northern one I had seen outside of a zoo or circus. I happened
+to see this one because I was out on the end of the bowsprit, with Robert Peary, our
+chief engineer, with whom I play around a lot. <span class="pageNum" id="pb28">[<a href="#pb28">28</a>]</span>He is the son of Admiral Peary who discovered the North Pole. This is his first trip
+North. He and I are great friends.
+</p>
+<p>You probably have heard of Eric the Red. He was a Norwegian who equipped a ship from
+Norway in the year 983 and set sail for a land that had been discovered by one Gunbjorn
+to the west of Iceland. When he got to this land he wondered how he could best get
+people to go there to live, so he called it Greenland. That was the real beginning
+of the present Greenland. After that cattle were brought and raised in the southern
+parts.
+</p>
+<p>Greenland is about fifteen hundred miles long from South to North and about six hundred
+miles wide at the widest place.
+</p>
+<p>We will pick up Knud Rasmussen at Disko Island where, I have read, lots of fossils
+have been found. I hope to get some for my collection. At home I have a small room
+which we call my museum, in which I am gathering together quite a lot of really interesting
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb29">[<a href="#pb29">29</a>]</span>things. Already I have a lot there brought back from the Arcturus expedition, and
+things given me by explorers and travellers who come to our house. One of my best
+treasures is a bunch of pieces of the shell of a dinosaur egg, given me by Roy Chapman
+Andrews, the man who first found these eggs in Asia. They are ten million years old.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1067width xd33e1067"><img src="images/p029.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="609" height="327"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb30">[<a href="#pb30">30</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch3" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e298">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p030.png" alt="CHAPTER III" width="513" height="181"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER III</h2>
+<h2 class="main">WE REACH GREENLAND</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Our first sight of Greenland was on Monday, July fifth. It was very pretty with the
+great lofty mountain peaks sticking up out of the fog with snow on their tops. All
+afternoon we followed along the shore northward, and pretty well out. We had come
+a long way over from the other shore at the Straits of Belle Isle, and what with fog
+and currents and the ice we had dodged through, it was hard to be sure exactly where
+we were.
+</p>
+<p>The next morning Captain Bartlett was worried because there was a strong breeze blowing
+and we did not know whether we had passed our port or not. We wanted to get in to
+Holsteinsborg. On account of the fog <span class="pageNum" id="pb31">[<a href="#pb31">31</a>]</span>and mists he had not been able to take observations.
+</p>
+<p>We kept a constant lookout with the glasses and about nine o’clock saw something like
+a big white flag being waved near some small huts on shore. Probably it was a dried
+seal skin or something like that. Anyway the Greenlanders were signalling us, and
+we stopped because we were very anxious to get someone on board and find out exactly
+where we were.
+</p>
+<p>We put over a small boat, and Dad, Peary the engineer, the Mate and Carl went ashore
+and brought the first man back to the boat. Three kayaks came out to meet them. Carl
+spoke Norwegian to them and asked where Holsteinsborg was. He didn’t understand so
+we showed him a chart and named the place. He understood that and made motions that
+he would show us the way there.
+</p>
+<p>It was great fun to see him go up and down in the little kayak without tipping over.
+The <span class="pageNum" id="pb32">[<a href="#pb32">32</a>]</span>kayak is the native Eskimo boat, a sort of little canoe made of seal skin stretched
+over a light frame of small wood. It is decked over all except for a hole, or sort
+of cockpit where the man gets in sticking his feet out forward out under the deck,
+where it is only about six inches deep. They have a kind of skin covering that fits
+over the opening of the cockpit and ties up around their waist tightly so as to keep
+the water out entirely. The paddle is all one piece of wood, with a blade on each
+end. They use it holding it in the middle and dipping first one side and then the
+other. In South Greenland the paddle usually has bone on the end and is smooth in
+the handle. The northern Eskimo usually has no bone on the paddle, and has a couple
+of notches cut for each hand hold.
+</p>
+<p>Harry Raven drew pictures of Arctic animals and the Eskimo gave us names for them
+in his language.
+</p>
+<p>We arrived in Holsteinsborg about four <span class="pageNum" id="pb33">[<a href="#pb33">33</a>]</span>o’clock. It has a very good little harbor just inside the mouth of a fjord. A fjord
+is an indentation in the land, like a long narrow bay or sound, and usually the hills
+rise steeply on both sides. Dad says this Greenland scenery is very much like Norway.
+</p>
+<p>The houses are all different colors making a very gay sight. There was a little red
+church on top of the hill, and all around the bottom was the village, houses made
+mostly of wood with sods around them to keep the cold out. Some of the native sod
+houses had tunnels leading into them like the igloos of the North.
+</p>
+<p>The place where we landed was a little dock with a cannery on one side and a big sort
+of rack for kayaks belonging to the Eskimos on the other.
+</p>
+<p>I had great fun trading at Holsteinsborg. Three of the sailors, Jim, Joe and Ralph,
+and myself went on shore with some old shirts and one pair of old pants. We went into
+about <span class="pageNum" id="pb34">[<a href="#pb34">34</a>]</span>ten or fifteen of the huts. There were only about twenty-five huts in the town. They
+were one-roomed houses with a raised sort of platform for a bed in the back of the
+room. The cooking and everything was done in the same room. The whole family sleep
+in one bed. The houses were very stuffy and smelt of skins and dogs. The dogs were
+all over the place, even lying in the tunnels so that you could hardly get through.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p034width" id="p034"><img src="images/p034.jpg" alt="We Get a Basking Shark at Holsteinsborg." width="720" height="534"><p class="figureHead">We Get a Basking Shark at Holsteinsborg.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>At nine o’clock that night we left for a fjord called Ikortok, to drop Professor Hobbs
+and his party. We went inland about forty miles. We tied three dories together making
+a raft to move his stuff in from the boat. One trip the raft was a little too heavily
+laden and almost went down when one of the dories partly filled up with water.
+</p>
+<p>While the last part of the unloading was going on, Dad, Carl and I went off to try
+the fishing, without any luck. On shore we saw a bird’s nest that looked as if it
+might be <span class="pageNum" id="pb35">[<a href="#pb35">35</a>]</span>a good specimen. We tried to get at it, climbing up a cliff, but couldn’t.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p035width" id="p035"><img src="images/p035.jpg" alt="Carl Shows a South Greenland Youngster How to Use a Pathex Motion Picture Camera." width="720" height="504"><p class="figureHead">Carl Shows a South Greenland Youngster How to Use a Pathex Motion Picture Camera.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>When we went out from the land in our little boat we were in very shallow water. The
+propeller of our Johnson engine hit the bottom and the little engine jumped loose
+and fell overboard. Luckily we were able to get it again. We rowed all the way back
+to the <i>Morrissey</i>, as the engine was full of salt water and couldn’t be made to run. The tide was coming
+in the fjord with great force and it was a hard row, about four miles. When we came
+to a beach we pulled the boat up and worked on the engine. I took our gun to try and
+get some birds for eating or for specimens. By the time I was up at the other end
+of the beach they had given up hope of drying the engine and started to row, calling
+out that I was to walk back along the shore as that would make the rowing easier.
+I didn’t like the idea much but I either had to walk or stay there. I had on native
+skin <span class="pageNum" id="pb36">[<a href="#pb36">36</a>]</span>boots called kamiks which made it pretty hard to walk on rocks. I was afraid of dogs,
+too, because we had found a litter of dog pups on shore not far from where the <i>Morrissey</i> was anchored. And a mother dog in the North is apt to be as fierce as a wolf when
+she has pups. I saw one a few hundred yards away so I sat down behind a rock and waited
+for him to move on.
+</p>
+<p>When I reached the shore near the boat they sent in a dory to take me off.
+</p>
+<p>The next day we stopped at some little villages along the fjord. The Eskimos came
+out in small boats and kayaks, to trade with us and to see the white men and their
+strange schooner. They brought out a porpoise because we asked for any fish they had,
+for specimens.
+</p>
+<p>That afternoon we arrived at a big bird rookery. It was a wonderful sight. The whole
+side of the cliff was covered with thousands of kittywakes nests. That is a sort of
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb37">[<a href="#pb37">37</a>]</span>small gull which sometimes gets down to New York in the winter. The birds were making
+a terrible noise, chattering continuously.
+</p>
+<p>We went up beside the cliff in dories and shot a few birds for specimens and others
+for eating. We took movies of the birds flying around the cliff. At a distance the
+flying birds, great clouds of them, looked like a blizzard.
+</p>
+<p>Then we started for Holsteinsborg to drop two men we had picked up there. We arrived
+at three o’clock in the morning and instead of having the <i>Morrissey</i> go in, we sent them in in the launch, as we wanted to go on to Disko as fast as we
+could.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1131width xd33e1131"><img src="images/p037.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="293" height="153"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb38">[<a href="#pb38">38</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch4" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e307">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p038.png" alt="CHAPTER IV" width="550" height="131"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER IV</h2>
+<h2 class="main">ALONG THE GREENLAND COAST</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">We hit bad weather going north to Disko and had to go in for shelter behind some small
+islands about forty miles from Holsteinsborg. There were no people there. We caught
+a few fish and shot some birds for specimens.
+</p>
+<p>On one island there were three deserted sod huts. They were all muddy and full of
+fish and seal bones.
+</p>
+<p>When we came back from the huts I went fishing with two of my friends, Jim and Ralph.
+We went away outside in the dory where it was quite rough—at least I thought so. We
+caught a few rock cod. Jim had a great big halibut right alongside but the fish gave
+a <span class="pageNum" id="pb39">[<a href="#pb39">39</a>]</span>flip as he was trying to land him and got free from the hook just as he was hauling
+him over the gunwale.
+</p>
+<p>One night when some Eskimos came on board along the coast we showed them movies of
+Eskimos harpooning walrus to see how it would strike them. These movies were given
+in our little mid-ships cabin, where we eat and most of us sleep, with our Pathex
+projector thrown on a small screen Fred made from the table oilcloth.
+</p>
+<p>When the harpooned walrus pulled the Eskimo hunter, our guests shouted and grunted.
+It was very funny. They had heard of movies but had never seen any. After the northern
+pictures we showed some from the South Sea islands. The Eskimos had never seen people
+in swimming so they didn’t know quite what to make of it. When they were asked by
+a friend of ours who speaks Eskimo what they thought of it, they only said that they
+liked them all very much, <span class="pageNum" id="pb40">[<a href="#pb40">40</a>]</span>especially a picture showing lions playing with an animal trainer. They had never
+seen any animal like a lion. There isn’t a cat, for instance, in all Greenland, we
+were told.
+</p>
+<p>It is great fun to see the boats come out and meet you and the Eskimos that are entirely
+different from us and can’t speak a word of English except for words like shirts or
+sugar or coffee that they have heard. For such things as these they want to trade
+boots and purses and skins. And in the south they make little kayaks and knives and
+pen holders and such things out of the ivory of walrus tusks.
+</p>
+<p>They have some very nice hats made of fur and eiderdown. One man brought two little
+toy kayaks up to me with all the equipment on them, even the little rack to hold the
+harpooning line, with a tiny model of a man sitting in the kayak. I got one of these
+for my little museum at home. For this one he wanted an old pair of pants, or some
+tobacco. <span class="pageNum" id="pb41">[<a href="#pb41">41</a>]</span>Even the women want chewing tobacco. I got some very pretty purses made of seal flippers,
+with bone latches. It is hard to find trinkets for all of one’s friends at home.
+</p>
+<p>The Eskimos on the whole are very nice and honest. Most of them can play the accordion,
+and they seem to be very musical and they certainly love to dance.
+</p>
+<p>We have lots of things on board for gifts and trading, especially to give in return
+for help and labor. Money isn’t much good up here. Our stores include axes, knives,
+beads, needles, tobacco, pipes, candy, etc. Both men and women love gay colored cloths
+and small mirrors always go well.
+</p>
+<p>At one of the villages we saw a lot of dogs eating a decayed shark. After the shark
+has been dead for a few weeks ammonia seems to form in the meat. The dogs love it
+and after eating it they seem to get sort of tipsy and can hardly walk.
+</p>
+<p>Fred Linekiller, the taxidermist, is showing <span class="pageNum" id="pb42">[<a href="#pb42">42</a>]</span>me how to skin birds. It is very interesting to do it. The first thing to do when
+you shoot a bird is to put cotton in the wounds and in the mouth so the blood will
+not run out on the feathers. After that a needle is put through the nostrils and the
+beak is sewed together, so the cotton won’t come out. Then the feathers on the breast
+are parted and the skin cut from the breast bone down to the soft part of the stomach.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p042width" id="p042"><img src="images/p042.jpg" alt="Looking Down Over a Bird Rookery." width="596" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Looking Down Over a Bird Rookery.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>Next cornmeal is poured in. It is used to keep the skin dry and to mop up the blood
+and moisture. After that is done instead of pulling the skin, it is pushed, so as
+not to stretch it. More cornmeal is added as the skin is pushed off. When the legs
+are reached they are cut at the knee joint so as to keep the bone to hold the foot
+in place. Just above where the tail feathers end is cut and the skin turned inside
+out and the skin pushed gently toward the head. It can be pushed as far up as a little
+beyond the eyes. Then <span class="pageNum" id="pb43">[<a href="#pb43">43</a>]</span>the head is scraped and a knife is put between the jaw bone and the back of the head
+opening up the head so that you get the brains out. Then the skin, inside out, is
+treated with arsenic powder, and after that it is put right side out again and the
+feathers fluffed out. Then it is ready to be taken back to the Museum to be stuffed
+and mounted, or studied as it is.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p043width" id="p043"><img src="images/p043.jpg" alt="Nils, David and Matak, Son of Pooadloona." width="720" height="523"><p class="figureHead">Nils, David and Matak, Son of Pooadloona.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>When I woke up one morning I found that we were in a little but very good harbor,
+Godhavn on Disko Island. Cap’n Bob has to be up most of the time, especially, of course,
+when we are moving about. This time, for instance, he was on deck all night, and Dad
+was with him. Disko is a hard place to get into unless you know it awfully well.
+</p>
+<p>There is a little coal mine near Godhavn. Getting the coal, and fishing, is about
+all they do, with some hunting especially in the winter. The women do most of the
+work and the men go fishing and hunting. When we went <span class="pageNum" id="pb44">[<a href="#pb44">44</a>]</span>ashore we saw the women with big baskets of coal unloading a small boat and taking
+the coal to be weighed and stored away in a big storehouse.
+</p>
+<p>Carl, Mr. Streeter, Art Young and I went shark fishing with two Eskimos out in the
+mouth of the bay. We fished from about one until four o’clock but didn’t catch a thing.
+Later we traded some very nice little toy kayaks, all equipped, and also some little
+sledges with whips and rifles tied down with thongs.
+</p>
+<p>At Godhavn we went all around with the Governor, Carl acting as our interpreter. It
+is fine having him along as he speaks pretty good Danish. He is an American, but his
+people are both Norwegian and in his home out in Minnesota they talked Norwegian a
+lot, and it is pretty much the same as Danish.
+</p>
+<p>We went into the printing office where the only paper in Greenland is published. It
+is a monthly paper, and the printing house is a <span class="pageNum" id="pb45">[<a href="#pb45">45</a>]</span>small red building with one little press. About three thousand papers in the Eskimo
+language go out free to practically all the people in Greenland. The Governor gave
+us a bound copy for our collection. Most of the stuff in the paper is written by Eskimos
+up and down the coast, who send it in.
+</p>
+<p>The next morning about six-thirty we heaved anchor and left Godhavn. When the anchor
+comes up all hands are called to the windlass which works with iron bars like pump
+handles. If there is a lot of chain out it takes a long time and is really hard work.
+</p>
+<p>In the afternoon Dad asked me to fill a little bag with trading stuff because we were
+going to stop at a village called Proven. We reached there about seven. It was a very
+small harbor so the <i>Morrissey</i> could not go in, and we used our launch and were greeted by the whole town at the
+little wharf.
+</p>
+<p>At the end of the dock were about eight sharks down in the water tied up with ropes
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb46">[<a href="#pb46">46</a>]</span>and still alive. Later Harry Raven got one for a specimen that was ten feet long.
+Later he found the liver measured nearly six feet.
+</p>
+<p>While Dad and the others had tea with the Governor (all these little hamlets in the
+south have a Dane in charge whom we call a Governor, even though the average population
+may be only forty people) I went out to trade for some kamaks or skin boot. These
+are a sort of double high shoe or boot made of seal skin with the hair turned in and
+with a hairy inner boot beneath which is put in grass to make it soft and warmer.
+</p>
+<p>The Greenland hair seal is entirely different from the Alaskan fur seal. It has no
+fur but just coarse hair and has no value except for oil and its hide. I had a chance
+to get several pairs of kamaks but they were all only about half the size of my foot.
+The Eskimos are very small people and mostly the tallest only come up to about my
+shoulder. And naturally they have very small feet.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb47">[<a href="#pb47">47</a>]</span></p>
+<p>At Proven I got two pairs of seal skin pants, one for a jacket and the other in exchange
+for a box of candy and a sweater. I also got a kind of necklace which is worn by the
+women for “dress up,” for a piece of soap, a bar of chocolate and an army mirror,
+which was a good bargain, because the necklaces are hard to make and hard to get.
+</p>
+<p>We were going to get a kayak but it would be mean to take one because the Eskimos
+are like children and would give away almost anything for candy or pretty materials.
+The kayak is their main way of getting food, and is to them dreadfully important.
+We always tried not to take anything which was very necessary to the Eskimo, and to
+give them something really helpful in exchange for important things. For instance,
+later when we got some kayaks, we gave in exchange lumber and materials from which
+they could make new ones. A very popular and useful thing <span class="pageNum" id="pb48">[<a href="#pb48">48</a>]</span>we had for gifts was Tetley’s tea put up in half pound tins. This, often with a small
+bag or tin of sugar, was liked a lot everywhere, while we on board always drank it.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1205width xd33e1205"><img src="images/p048.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="321" height="480"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb49">[<a href="#pb49">49</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch5" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e316">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p049.png" alt="CHAPTER V" width="322" height="60"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER V</h2>
+<h2 class="main">UPERNIVIK AND THE DUCK ISLANDS</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">We left Proven about midnight, and as we started out from the little harbor past some
+bare rocky islands Dad and some others went ashore to try some shooting. When we came
+in we had seen a great many birds and ducks flying around there.
+</p>
+<p>They stayed ashore from one o’clock until five, while I was asleep. Later Dad told
+me it was very beautiful, the water all grey and calm like silver, with a sky sort
+of lead color with gay tints of orange and yellow and lemon where the sun was low.
+They brought back tern, eider ducks and some gulls, some to eat, others to be skinned
+for specimens.
+</p>
+<p>The next day it was very foggy so we went <span class="pageNum" id="pb50">[<a href="#pb50">50</a>]</span>slowly, dodging icebergs which we could see only when we got very close to them. At
+about nine the following morning we reached Upernivik, which is the last town that
+amounts to anything in North Greenland and is I think the furthest north town in the
+world. There is a Danish Governor there and a few other Danes. His name is Governor
+Otto and he was awfully nice to us, then and later on when we came back.
+</p>
+<p>Upernivik is a nice little place built on an island. Where we landed there was only
+a little wharf and some store houses and supplies. From this harbor a little path
+or trail led over a steep hill to the real town, which was down on the other side
+on a slope to the south, with a grand view of Sanderson’s Hope, quite a big mountain
+a few miles away and overlooking an open fjord which was no use as a harbor. The village
+has a dozen wooden houses, including several that are very nice indeed, chiefly the
+Governor’s house and one <span class="pageNum" id="pb51">[<a href="#pb51">51</a>]</span>for the doctor who lives there, which also is used for a hospital. And about the wooden
+houses are the sod huts of the natives, most of whom seem to stick to their own style
+of living. There is a fine new church on the hill just over the village.
+</p>
+<p>We had lunch with Governor Otto and his daughter Ruth, a girl about twelve years old,
+at his house, and afterward in the harbor we took some movies of an Eskimo turning
+over in his kayak. He didn’t seem to have a hard time at all. He just kind of fell
+over on one side, sitting right in his kayak or skin boat, and then came up on the
+other side with just a twist of his paddle. Doing this he wore a watertight suit of
+sealskin and a hood over his head, drawn tight about the neck. And around his waist,
+where he sat in the hole or cockpit of the kayak, there was a skin fastened tight
+about him so that no water could get in.
+</p>
+<p>Robert Peary thought he would try it so <span class="pageNum" id="pb52">[<a href="#pb52">52</a>]</span>he changed into a sealskin shirt, got into the Eskimo’s kayak—it was hard for him
+to squeeze in he was so much larger than the Eskimo—and turned half way over. The
+kayak was upside down and then his head stuck up on the other side and went down again,
+sputtering. He just couldn’t manage to get up again, and hung head down in the water,
+the boat upside down right over him. I really thought he was drowning.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p052width" id="p052"><img src="images/p052.jpg" alt="Robert Peary Tries a Kayak." width="720" height="460"><p class="figureHead">Robert Peary Tries a Kayak.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>Then he came up a second time and yelled for help. Of course we were close to him
+and right away Carl got there in a rowboat and he pretty nearly fell in himself helping
+to get Robert straightened up. And you should have seen the Eskimos laugh! They thought
+it was a great joke. But Robert seemed to feel he had swallowed about all the ice
+water of Baffin Bay that he wanted and he was so cold he went back to the ship and
+changed his clothes. But I’ll bet that next summer at home in Maine he learns the
+trick.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb53">[<a href="#pb53">53</a>]</span></p>
+<p>We had sent some natives out to catch sharks for specimens and Doc, Ralph and myself
+went after them in the launch. They had caught four big ones and had lost another
+overboard. These Greenland basking shark, as they are called, are very slow and sluggish.
+They don’t fight at all. They move very slowly and don’t seem to be savage or a bit
+like the sharks I have seen caught in Florida.
+</p>
+<p>The next morning Governor Otto took us over to see his dogs, which during the summer
+he keeps on a bare rocky island about a mile away, where they are entirely to themselves.
+About every three days during the summer they are fed, mostly ducks which are taken
+out in a big basket. Most of them seem to have been kept a pretty long time and become
+pretty “ripe.” But the dogs certainly like them.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p053width" id="p053"><img src="images/p053.jpg" alt="Art Young Tries an Eider Duck Egg from the Eskimo Cache on the Duck Islands." width="720" height="517"><p class="figureHead">Art Young Tries an Eider Duck Egg from the Eskimo Cache on the Duck Islands.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>We went over to the island in our launch with the Governor and a couple of Eskimos
+carrying the food. When they saw us coming <span class="pageNum" id="pb54">[<a href="#pb54">54</a>]</span>the dogs, about a dozen in number, crowded down to the shore and followed along as
+we went by, yelping and barking crazily. They knew it was dinner time.
+</p>
+<p>We landed and decided to give them the birds up a bit from the water, where it was
+more level and Kellerman could get movies better. As the Eskimos carried up a big
+basket of the birds, one of them had to keep the dogs off the man with the basket.
+He used an oar and beat them. And at that they jumped up and tried to get at the basket
+of meat on the man’s shoulder whenever they got the slightest chance. I don’t doubt
+they would have knocked him down if he had been alone.
+</p>
+<p>Then the birds were thrown out to the dogs, a few at a time. In a second they were
+torn to pieces and gobbled up. A dog will rip one up in a flash and choke down everything
+but the feathers. There were many fights. And all the time there was a great racket,
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb55">[<a href="#pb55">55</a>]</span>with the dogs howling and barking and yapping at each other.
+</p>
+<p>It was very interesting to see the King Dog. Each team up in this country has a head
+dog, the King, who is boss. He is usually the heaviest and best looking dog, and certainly
+is the best fighter. I believe he just fights his way up to the leadership. Certainly
+when he “says” anything to one of the others, they do what they are told pretty quickly.
+Or else they get a licking.
+</p>
+<p>The King has a queen, and it is fun to see the way he looks out for her. When the
+Queen got a duck or part of one, the King just sort of looked on and saw to it that
+no other dog interfered. If one of them got excited and started to move in on the
+Queen and her dinner, the King gave a growl—and that ended it. Or if another dog had
+a bit of duck, and the King came along, the other fellow just dropped what he had,
+perhaps running off or sort of turning over on his back <span class="pageNum" id="pb56">[<a href="#pb56">56</a>]</span>and grovelling on the ground. There certainly was discipline on that island.
+</p>
+<p>When it was all over there was just a few feathers scattered around on the rocks and
+the dogs were mostly with bloody mouths and heads where they had torn up the meat.
+Anyway, they all seemed to have had a good meal and for the first time settled down
+quietly, to wait for the next dinner time three days later. In the winter they have
+their work, and lots of it, and of course they are awfully important in the life of
+the northern people. There are no horses and of course no automobiles or anything
+like that. So everything is drawn on sleds, and the sleds are moved by dogs.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p056width" id="p056"><img src="images/p056.jpg" alt="The King Dog of Governor Otto’s Team, with His Queen." width="646" height="669"><p class="figureHead">The King Dog of Governor Otto’s Team, with His Queen.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>The dog skins are especially fine. The fur is heavy and soft and glossy. Dad bought
+some dog skins to have a coat made.
+</p>
+<p>That afternoon we left Upernivik to go north across Melville Bay. Everyone was on
+hand to see us off and the Governor fired <span class="pageNum" id="pb57">[<a href="#pb57">57</a>]</span>the little cannon up on the hill where they had the Danish flag hoisted. They gave
+us a salute of three guns and we answered with three shots from a rifle.
+</p>
+<p>The Duck Islands are a few little rocky islands a dozen miles or so off the mainland
+of Greenland just at the south side of Melville Bay. About two o’clock the next afternoon
+we reached them, anchoring in a sort of harbor between the two largest islands. The
+bigger one is I suppose about two miles long and half a mile or so wide, very hilly
+and all rocks. About the shores, where there is a little level land, the rocks are
+covered with moss and there are stretches of bog and mud.
+</p>
+<p>We went around a good deal on both islands and saw a great many eider ducks which
+nest here in large quantities. In the old days when the whalers came into Baffin Bay
+this was a headquarters and then they used to gather duck eggs by the boat load.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p057width" id="p057"><img src="images/p057.jpg" alt="Feeding the Dogs at Upernivik." width="720" height="550"><p class="figureHead">Feeding the Dogs at Upernivik.</p>
+</div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb58">[<a href="#pb58">58</a>]</span></p>
+<p>We saw many ducks nesting. The nest is just a little fluffy round mass of the soft
+feathers, right on the ground. They pull the feathers out of their breasts, so that
+when you get the female ones they look as if someone had plucked a handful of down
+from their undersides. This is what is called eider down, and is used in very fine
+mattresses and pillows. It is very warm and is also quite valuable. The Eskimos collect
+the eider down from the nests and from the birds, and it, with skins of foxes and
+seal, and a few other articles like walrus ivory and narwhal tusks, is one of the
+chief ways they have of trading with the outer world.
+</p>
+<p>The male and female eider ducks are very different. The female is all brown, while
+the male is brown only a little on his breast and belly, and with a lot of white on
+his back and neck, and feathers that are dark grey or nearly black. The female moves
+very slowly and is very tame and easy to get close to and to kill. <span class="pageNum" id="pb59">[<a href="#pb59">59</a>]</span>We got a good many for eating, and they are kept hung in the rigging to be used as
+Billy the cook wants them. The male is much wilder and flies faster and is pretty
+hard to shoot. There were very few male at Duck Island. While the females are nesting
+the males seem to go off by themselves. Later we saw a good many up in the fjords
+back of Upernivik. Both are very big and heavy birds, and awfully good eating.
+</p>
+<p>Back in 1850 and on for thirty years or so there was much whaling in these waters.
+Many of the ships came from Scotland. On the hill or small mountain at Duck Island
+there is a whaler’s cairn, and also a walled-in place where they had their lookout.
+In that cairn, by the way, in 1888 Peary left a record. We could find nothing. Probably
+the Eskimos had cleaned out everything long ago.
+</p>
+<p>In one piece of lowland near the water, where there was a little dirt, we found the
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb60">[<a href="#pb60">60</a>]</span>graves of some whalers. They were covered over with stones and only one head board
+with a name, was left. It said: “In memory of William Stewart, A.B., <i>S.&nbsp;S. Triune</i> of Dundee, June 11, 1886. Aged 24.”
+</p>
+<p>Art took me shooting with my sixteen-gauge shotgun, but I didn’t do so well. I haven’t
+tried shooting on the wing much and I’m pretty bad at it. Shooting with the twenty-two
+rifle seems easier. Art himself is a grand shot, with either rifle or shotgun.
+</p>
+<p>We found many eggs, and Dad and some of the others, on the other island, found great
+caches of eggs, hundreds of them evidently gathered by Eskimos who had visited the
+islands earlier in the season and left them there to get them later. They were put
+away in a sort of hole with rocks piled up around and over them so that they were
+perfectly protected, and with the chinks of the rock packed up with moss. They also
+found the skull of a polar bear.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb61">[<a href="#pb61">61</a>]</span></p>
+<p>We found three eggs with little ducks just hatching out. These we brought back to
+the boat. I put one under a mother duck which I had found alive in an Eskimo trap
+and the other two behind the galley stove where it was nice and hot. Two of them lived
+quite a while and then they were killed, painlessly, and put away for specimens. We
+got some nests for the Museum and I got one for my own collection.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1291width xd33e1291"><img src="images/p061.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="602" height="325"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb62">[<a href="#pb62">62</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch6" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e325">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p062.png" alt="CHAPTER VI" width="517" height="122"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER VI</h2>
+<h2 class="main">ACROSS MELVILLE BAY</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">By the twentieth of July we were pretty nearly across Melville Bay. That was just
+exactly a month from the time we started from home which is most awfully good time.
+Of course we were very lucky for all the way we had practically no real trouble with
+ice.
+</p>
+<p>Melville Bay usually is about the most dangerous and hardest place in the north. Lots
+of years it may take weeks to make the passage, and sometimes there just isn’t any
+way to get by it. Later Dr. Rasmussen told me that he has been drifting, frozen in
+the pack ice, for six weeks solid while trying to get through to the north, and in
+mid-summer at that.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb63">[<a href="#pb63">63</a>]</span></p>
+<p>After we left Duck Island I put in quite some time getting our things ready for trading
+and for presents. Of course we weren’t going to do any real trading, except for little
+personal things some of us wanted. Most of the stuff was to give natives who helped
+us in the hunting and collecting of specimens. One of my nice jobs was filling a lot
+of tin cans with screw tops with candy and sugar. And we also sorted out some gay
+sweaters and jerseys which Mr. Alex Taylor, who lives at Rye, had given the expedition.
+(All our crew, by the way, now have Alex Taylor sweaters and they certainly came in
+handy.)
+</p>
+<p>We arrived at Cape York on the night of July 20th. Cape York is a big cape which marks
+the northern end of Melville Bay and really is the beginning of far North Greenland.
+The people living there and in the few settlements further north are the Smith Sound
+tribe of Eskimos, who live nearer the North Pole than any other people. About at this
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb64">[<a href="#pb64">64</a>]</span>latitude is further north than the most northerly points of the mainland of any of
+the continents, North America, Europe, or Asia. So we felt we really were beginning
+to get pretty far north.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p064width" id="p064"><img src="images/p064.jpg" alt="In a Fjord Back of Upernivik." width="720" height="528"><p class="figureHead">In a Fjord Back of Upernivik.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>The Cape itself is a high mountain which sort of spills right down into the sea. The
+slopes, some of them, are quite red, and the snow is all colored crimson too, from
+a sort of dust which seems to cover it. This part is called the Crimson Cliffs, and
+they have been seen and described by about every Arctic expedition. In behind the
+cape is a great glacier which breaks off right into the water very conveniently. Cap’n
+Bob put the <i>Morrissey</i> right up alongside the ice wall and men jumped down on the glacier from the bowsprit
+and carried lines and fastened the ship so she lay right alongside, as if the ice
+were a wharf. Of course there was no wind and the water was quiet.
+</p>
+<p>Then they took a hose and ran it up a way <span class="pageNum" id="pb65">[<a href="#pb65">65</a>]</span>and put one end in one of the many streams which were running down the top of the
+glacier, melted snow water. There was enough slope to carry the water into our big
+tank on deck. Also the sailors filled the barrels, using buckets. It was a great way
+to get a full load of real ice water.
+</p>
+<p>While we were working in the Eskimos came off in their kayaks. We bought a fine kayak
+for a rifle and some ammunition. The very next day, when we were ashore, we found
+that the owner of the traded kayak already had a new one well started. I suppose in
+a few days more he was all fixed up with a boat again. And with his really fine rifle
+he ought to do most awfully well hunting. I certainly hope so. A kayak to an Eskimo
+is about the most important thing in life. I imagine a rifle would come next. Compared
+to an automobile with us, our auto is only a luxury which we really could get along
+without.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p065width" id="p065"><img src="images/p065.jpg" alt="Tupiks, the Eskimo Summer Houses Made of Skins, at Karnah." width="720" height="533"><p class="figureHead">Tupiks, the Eskimo Summer Houses Made of Skins, at Karnah.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>About a mile from the little settlement of <span class="pageNum" id="pb66">[<a href="#pb66">66</a>]</span>Cape York there is a “bird mountain.” That’s what they call the places where they
+find the dovkies, or little auks. These are small birds which live on mountain sides
+where there are talus slopes—that is, big slides of loose rocks all piled up. They
+make their nests down in the holes and cracks and they are very hard to find.
+</p>
+<p>An Eskimo went with us in the launch around to this bird mountain. We climbed up the
+slope to a regular place they use where there was a sort of rough blind made out of
+the loose stones. He carried a net with a long handle. We sat down on the slope, partly
+hidden by the blind. Then the birds would fly past, always in the same direction.
+They seemed to be always on the move, getting up off the rocks and swinging around
+in a great circle out over the sea and back again. There were thousands of them.
+</p>
+<p>As a bird would fly past us, almost near enough to touch sometimes, the Eskimo <span class="pageNum" id="pb67">[<a href="#pb67">67</a>]</span>would make a quick swoop with the net, and <i>plop</i> a dovkie would be in it. Then he would quickly pull in the net, take the bird out,
+kill it and be ready for another. This is chiefly the work for women who are awfully
+good at it and catch hundreds and I guess thousands. They are fine eating, and the
+skins are used for making bird feather clothing, as lining to wear next the skin.
+</p>
+<p>After our Eskimo friend Kaweah had showed us how to do it, I tried. It looked awfully
+easy. But it wasn’t. I made a lot of misses.
+</p>
+<p>Dad and Dan Streeter were looking on and taking pictures, and they laughed as I swiped
+at the birds and missed them.
+</p>
+<p>“Three strikes and out!” they’d call when I scored three misses.
+</p>
+<p>But after a while I did catch a few, and some I just hit with the net pole and knocked
+them down, sort of stunned, when we got them. Dad and Dan also tried, but they <span class="pageNum" id="pb68">[<a href="#pb68">68</a>]</span>didn’t break any records. A fellow with a batting eye like Babe Ruth ought to do pretty
+well at this game. Anyway, it was great fun, and was of course the first time I ever
+caught birds with a net. Funnily, almost the next day I actually did catch some others
+with a loop on a string.
+</p>
+<p>Where the vessel lay that afternoon was right next a big lot of bay ice, pans of ice
+with some water between them. In the distance here and there we could see seal. They
+sit up in the sun, but almost always right near a hole in the ice. And the minute
+they get frightened they slide off and are gone. Even if you shoot them, unless death
+is very quick, they are likely to flop off into the water, where they sink.
+</p>
+<p>Dan and one of the Eskimos tried some stalking, crawling up on the seal or <i>pooeesee</i> as the Eskimos call them. And he had pretty good luck, hitting three, two of which
+they got. They also got pretty wet crawling over <span class="pageNum" id="pb69">[<a href="#pb69">69</a>]</span>the ice and through pools of water melted by the sun. Anyway, it was our first game.
+The seal meat was fine, too.
+</p>
+<p>The next morning we had moved northward to Parker Snow Bay. We were anchored there
+when I woke up. It’s a beautiful place, a little bay right on the coast, with a bit
+of flat land with a glacier coming right down behind it and stretching up to the great
+ice cap. Two steep fine mountains are on either side of the glacier, and one of them
+we named Bartlett Peak. Along the shore one of these mountains has steep cliffs which
+fall right down into the water. And there is a great bird rookery, or loomery as the
+Newfoundland folks call it.
+</p>
+<p>On the shore we saw a blue fox. And then after breakfast we went to work at the rookery
+to get specimens. It was a beautiful calm sunny day and we really had a grand time.
+Some of us were at it until afternoon and sent back a dory to bring us some lunch.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb70">[<a href="#pb70">70</a>]</span></p>
+<p>We climbed up a cliff, getting at it on the easier side of a steep little point. From
+there we could reach right down to some of the nests. We could even touch some of
+the birds, both auks and kittywakes. They were sitting on the nests, either with eggs
+or very young birds. (Three weeks later when we came back there were many more young
+ones.)
+</p>
+<p>It was here that I used a light line to catch several birds. I made a slip noose in
+the end and let it a few feet over the edge of the cliff so that it rested on a nest.
+Then when the bird came back, if she settled down right, I pulled the noose suddenly.
+It worked quite well.
+</p>
+<p>Bob Peary, who is very handy at getting around and climbing, put a rope around himself
+and we let him down over the cliff to get eggs and nests. Art Young and Carl were
+the “anchors” on the other end of the rope. Once on his way down in one place Bob
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb71">[<a href="#pb71">71</a>]</span>stepped on a loose rock and knocked it out. When it fell it started a big bunch and
+they all went tumbling down into the water with a great splash and crash.
+</p>
+<p>The cliff was right straight up and down, with a sort of shelf sticking out perhaps
+twenty feet from the water. After a while Bob went down there, where he could stand
+and then Dad was let down with a small movie camera to get some pictures. Later the
+launch went around below them, and while the men at the very top held the line tight,
+the men in the launch held it tight at the bottom and first Dad and then Robert slid
+down it into the boat, after first letting down the bucket with eggs and a box of
+nests and some little ones they had gathered up.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1363width xd33e1363"><img src="images/p071.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="611" height="133"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb72">[<a href="#pb72">72</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch7" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e334">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p072.png" alt="CHAPTER VII" width="515" height="106"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER VII</h2>
+<h2 class="main">SHIPWRECK</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">On Monday July twenty-sixth we struck a hidden rock off Northumberland Island which
+is at the mouth of Whale Sound away up at Latitude 77 degrees and twenty minutes north,
+on the east side of Baffin Bay. We were cruising around the island trying to locate
+some Eskimo whom we wanted to get on board to help us hunt. We were just getting into
+the good game territory. The evening before we saw seventeen walrus from the deck.
+</p>
+<p>Captain Bob had been told back at Cape York that certain Eskimo were at places where
+they usually lived, but when we got in sight of them the tupiks were deserted. These
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb73">[<a href="#pb73">73</a>]</span>people move about a lot following up where the hunting is best, and probably the fact
+that the ice had gone out of the fjords and bays unusually early had made them change
+about unexpectedly.
+</p>
+<p>Anyway, we were pretty close in shore, examining four sod houses on a point. A big
+wall of rock stuck out of the mountain behind, coming down toward the water. It is
+what geologists call a “dyke”—harder rock which stands up under the rain and snow,
+like a wall, with the softer stuff sloping down from it on either side, sort of washed
+away.
+</p>
+<p>Well, this “dyke” evidently stuck well out underneath the surface of the water. Afterward
+we found there was deep water on both sides of it, right close up. But we managed
+to hit the very outer knob of it, about ten feet or so below the surface.
+</p>
+<p>It was about twelve thirty in the morning when we hit, broad daylight of course, with
+the sun shining brightly and fortunately no <span class="pageNum" id="pb74">[<a href="#pb74">74</a>]</span>wind or sea running. It was very, very exciting. I was almost thrown out of my bunk
+when we hit. There was a jar and a jolt and then everything stopped. We had often
+hit into light ice, which jarred the vessel a bit, but never anything like this.
+</p>
+<p>As quick as I could I put on my pants and was just getting on my stockings when Dad
+called down from the skylight for all hands to get on deck and never mind dressing.
+I woke up Bob Peary and Doc and we all rushed on deck.
+</p>
+<p>We moved oil casks for half an hour from the after part of the ship to the bow so
+as to take the strain off the stern where the vessel had struck and was sticking on
+the rocks. It was just high tide when we hit. We raised the foresail, jib and jumbo
+and had the engine going full speed, but she didn’t budge. Then, as the tide began
+to leave us, we took a lot of stores ashore in our dories and started in to do what
+we could for the next tide.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p074width" id="p074"><img src="images/p074.jpg" alt="The Morrissey on the Reef Off Northumberland Island." width="720" height="536"><p class="figureHead">The <i>Morrissey</i> on the Reef Off Northumberland Island.</p>
+</div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb75">[<a href="#pb75">75</a>]</span></p>
+<p>The <i>Morrissey</i> was listing on her port side at an angle of forty-five degrees or worse, and everything
+was in a dreadful mess on board. You just couldn’t stand even on the dry deck and
+where it was slimy with oil, as most of it was, the only possible way to get around
+was to hang on to a rope. And at that, what with moving around the heavy oil drums
+there were plenty of bad spills. Cap’n Bob cut his hand badly and Doc bandaged it
+up right away. Down in the cabins everything was in a heap. It was funny to see the
+clothes hanging on hooks from the ceiling stand right out crazily at a wild angle
+from the walls, like drunken men.
+</p>
+<p>The tide went down leaving the vessel high and dry, except for the bow which was in
+the water, tipped down at a bad angle and the stern up on the rocks. Cap’n Bob lashed
+ten empty oil drums on either side close to the keel at the stern, to help raise her
+when the water came in.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p075width" id="p075"><img src="images/p075.jpg" alt="View from Shore of the Wrecked Morrissey." width="720" height="460"><p class="figureHead">View from Shore of the Wrecked <i>Morrissey</i>.</p>
+</div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb76">[<a href="#pb76">76</a>]</span></p>
+<p>We just had to be ready for any emergency in case the <i>Morrissey</i> proved to be hurt so badly she couldn’t float, or especially if a storm came up which
+would have broken her to pieces quickly and made landing stuff very hard and perhaps
+impossible. And you must remember we were nearly one thousand miles from the nearest
+Danish settlement and more than 2000 miles from Sidney, the nearest big place.
+</p>
+<p>One thing we put ashore at once and very carefully was the emergency low power radio
+set with which Ed Manley, our radio operator, could keep in touch with the world in
+case our big outfit on board was lost. That little set which might have been so awfully
+important was given us by the National Carbon Company who make the Eveready batteries.
+</p>
+<p>And then the noon tide came and we were dreadfully disappointed. For the water didn’t
+rise to within about three feet of the midnight tide when we struck, so we were left
+with no <span class="pageNum" id="pb77">[<a href="#pb77">77</a>]</span>hope of getting off until the next tide. And that was pretty bad, because all that
+listing and pounding was dreadfully hard on a vessel, and would surely break one up
+less strong than the good old <i>Morrissey</i>, which is built of oak and is unusually sturdy.
+</p>
+<p>But the water did get high enough to wash in over the deck on the low port side, even
+if the vessel couldn’t raise. There was a bad leak strained in her side and she leaked
+so badly we all had to help bail with pails lowered with ropes through the skylight
+into the mid-ships cabin. We couldn’t use the pumps because she had such a bad list,
+and tip forward, that they didn’t get at the water.
+</p>
+<p>My bunk and two others filled up with water all mixed with oil, and my things, especially
+in the locker underneath, got pretty well spoiled. Luckily someone lifted out my bedclothes.
+</p>
+<p>The stove in the galley and in the after cabin had to be put out, as there was danger
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb78">[<a href="#pb78">78</a>]</span>they would spill over and set the ship on fire. The big galley stove was braced up
+with seal hooks to keep it from sliding. Billy the cook moved in to shore and kept
+making coffee there so the men had something hot to help keep them going. Before it
+was all over most everyone had been working continuously more than forty hours. I
+was at it more than twenty-five, and was pretty dead tired.
+</p>
+<p>The Captain ordered all the food put ashore and there was a lot more to do, lashing
+more casks and trimming the cargo and moving <span class="corr" id="xd33e1424" title="Source: gasolene">gasoline</span> to land, for the motor boat in case we got stuck, and kerosene for the primus stoves.
+Then, too, they put out the big heavy anchor, taking it in the dories quite a way
+from the ship and dropping it, so that we could haul on it with the windlass.
+</p>
+<p>While the tide was down there was a lot of work to do on the banged-up bottom of the
+vessel. The false keel, which is a big timber on the very bottom below the real keel,
+was <span class="pageNum" id="pb79">[<a href="#pb79">79</a>]</span>pretty well ripped off aft of the mainmast, and a lot of oakum was loosened out of
+the garboard seam. Lying down on the wet rocks we filled in a lot of oakum, which
+is a sort of fibre like shredded bagging or say potato sacking, with caulking tools,
+which is a blunt kind of chisel and a mallet or hammer to pound the stuff into the
+seams or cracks.
+</p>
+<p>Then we got a lot of Billy’s dish washing soft soap and mashed it up with a hammer
+and worked it in our hands into a kind of pasty putty. We put this in on top of the
+oakum. We worked in the water until the tide got up around our boots, and then climbed
+the ladder up on deck. I was able to help quite a bit on this job, and afterward there
+was plenty to do bailing.
+</p>
+<p>On shore we put up one of our small tents and took in most of our things, like sleeping
+bags, blankets, guns and ammunition. Everybody as best they could threw their things
+together to land. It was exciting, and exactly <span class="pageNum" id="pb80">[<a href="#pb80">80</a>]</span>as if we were abandoning the ship. And awfully sad, too, to see our fine <i>Morrissey</i> all soaked with water and oil, and everything thrown about so terribly.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p080width" id="p080"><img src="images/p080.jpg" alt="Where the Morrissey’s False Keel Ripped Off on the Rocks." width="720" height="555"><p class="figureHead">Where the <i>Morrissey’s</i> False Keel Ripped Off on the Rocks.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>After the unloading work, and after the men had had a mug of coffee and hardtack and
+whatever Billy could dig out of the cans, it was pretty nearly high tide again, along
+about eleven o’clock at night. The sun, of course, was always about the same distance
+above the horizon, only at a different point, so it seemed always a sort of bright
+afternoon. We were terribly lucky not to have it stormy.
+</p>
+<p>All hands were called on board and while three men worked the pumps the others manned
+the windlass. We had the big anchor and a small one out, to pull on with the windlass.
+</p>
+<p>There was a good wind coming up so we had to get her off then or she would surely
+break up and leave us there. After working for an hour or so we were just about to
+give up when <span class="pageNum" id="pb81">[<a href="#pb81">81</a>]</span>the wind freshened more. Cap’n Bob ordered all sails hoisted. Everyone got on the
+halyards and pulled as hard as they could. The wind flattened out the sails and the
+engine went full speed ahead. But for a good many minutes she held fast and we were
+most awfully discouraged.
+</p>
+<p>Then all at once there was an extra big wave and a puff of wind, and suddenly she
+gave a sort of groan and slid free of the rocks. After twenty-five hours we were off!
+We sure were glad.
+</p>
+<p>Dad, Carl and myself went ashore to get the stores in order in case it rained, while
+the <i>Morrissey</i> was taken around to leeward some place where they could care for her better and see
+how things were. She seemed to be leaking a lot, and the plan was, in case of the
+water getting away from the pumps, to beach her.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p081width" id="p081"><img src="images/p081.jpg" alt="When the Eskimos Came to Shipwreck Camp on Northumberland Island." width="720" height="521"><p class="figureHead">When the Eskimos Came to Shipwreck Camp on Northumberland Island.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>We turned in right away, at about half-past two, I suppose. And when we woke up <span class="pageNum" id="pb82">[<a href="#pb82">82</a>]</span>it was two in the afternoon! We were pretty tired, I reckon. And then, too, Carl had
+been quite sick and had had a pretty hard time to keep going at all.
+</p>
+<p>The <i>Morrissey</i> had disappeared. Of course we didn’t have any idea where she was, but there was nothing
+to do but wait and fix things up as best we could. The next day, in the fog Carl and
+Dad went out in the motor launch to try to locate the crowd, but they did not find
+the vessel.
+</p>
+<p>So we built a sort of house, the craziest house you ever thought of. Robinson Crusoe
+never saw a funnier one. It had three walls, all made of food, mostly, with a big
+sail pulled over for a roof and some tarps to help out. The strongest wall, where
+the wind blew from, was built of flour sacks laid up on boxes of tinned vegetables.
+There were bags of potatoes, crates of onions, barrels, dunnage bags, hams and bacons
+in those walls. Anyway, we felt we had plenty to eat for quite a time. <span class="pageNum" id="pb83">[<a href="#pb83">83</a>]</span>We were especially glad to have a fine lot of specially made Armour pemmican, presented
+by Dad’s friend, Herman Nichols.
+</p>
+<p>We had two big bear skins and these we put on the damp ground with a tarp for a sort
+of floor. With a primus stove, which works with kerosene, we were quite comfortable
+even though the wind did blow the sails nearly off the roof. We weighted them down
+with big rocks, and tied heavy hams that Mr. Swift had given us by ropes at the sides.
+</p>
+<p>I got quite sick and had to keep in my sleeping bag about the whole time we were at
+“Shipwreck Camp.” It was pretty cold with no fire at all to give heat, but we got
+along first rate. Dad explained that by that time almost surely word would have gotten
+through from our wireless that the vessel was off the rocks. The trouble was that
+the water, at the time of the accident, put our wireless out of commission. It took
+Ed Manley a couple of days to get it going right again.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb84">[<a href="#pb84">84</a>]</span></p>
+<p>The third day about noon, when Carl was cooking up some tea on the primus, he glanced
+out of the door of our hut and saw four Eskimos coming toward us a long way off on
+the side of the mountain. As they got nearer we could see they all were carrying big
+packs.
+</p>
+<p>When they got to the tent the man threw off a little baby he had been carrying in
+a sling on his back. The mother had a bag of empty cans in her sack, which we recognized
+as coming from the <i>Morrissey</i>. With the few words we could understand, and a lot of motions and grinning—they are
+always awfully good-natured and nice—our friends told us they had been aboard the
+vessel and had been helping pump. She was at anchor on the other side of the island.
+It seemed she was only a few miles away.
+</p>
+<p>So after we had given them a feed, mostly a big can of peas which they loved, Carl
+and Dad started to find the ship, leaving me to sleep. I forgot to say that we gave
+the Eskimo <span class="pageNum" id="pb85">[<a href="#pb85">85</a>]</span>some ham, which looked good and they showed us they would like a taste. But they did
+not like it at all. It was too salty. They use no salt in their meat, and can’t understand
+us liking it. “<i>Nagga piook</i>” they said, making funny faces. Which means, “No good.”
+</p>
+<p>About midnight, eight hours or so later, I heard a yell and woke up to see the <i>Morrissey</i> out in the bay beyond where she had run aground. Dad and Carl were on board, and
+as the wind had gone down they had come around to get the stores.
+</p>
+<p>I was sent aboard and Doc told me to go right to bed and keep as warm as possible.
+As my bunk was still pretty damp where it had been drowned out, I turned in to Dad’s
+bunk in the aft cabin, where the fire was going.
+</p>
+<p>When I woke up we were under way and headed south. We planned to go back to Upernivik
+and beach the vessel there and make repairs. With so many on board it <span class="pageNum" id="pb86">[<a href="#pb86">86</a>]</span>seemed better to Cap’n Bob and Dad not to risk trying to make any repairs on the north
+side of Melville Bay, which is apt to be a very dangerous place to cross.
+</p>
+<p>If the <i>Morrissey</i> had struck on a rising tide everything would have been all right. One often goes
+aground up here where hundreds of rocks and reefs aren’t shown on the charts and where
+all the information for sailors is terribly incomplete. But of course things like
+that always happen at the wrong time. It was just hard luck. When the wind came up
+it was either break up or get off.
+</p>
+<p>I have written this in the after cabin as we cross Melville Bay going down to Upernivik.
+The boat has been in a terrible mess, but is pretty well straightened out now. And
+everyone has about caught up on sleep.
+</p>
+<p>Around my bunk and Mr. Kellerman’s the boards are crushed in. That’s from the great
+strain put on the frame and beams when the boat laid on her side, so that when she
+moved <span class="pageNum" id="pb87">[<a href="#pb87">87</a>]</span>or gave a little the light inner framework of the bunks snapped.
+</p>
+<p>Dad just asked me if I’d like to go again on another northern trip. And of course
+I said I would. Really my answer was “I’d like to go anywhere with Cap’n Bob.”
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1510width xd33e1510"><img src="images/p087.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="614" height="226"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb88">[<a href="#pb88">88</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch8" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e342">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p088.png" alt="CHAPTER VIII" width="613" height="158"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER VIII</h2>
+<h2 class="main">THE <i>MORRISSEY</i> REPAIRED</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">On Tuesday the third of August we arrived in Upernivik again, with Melville Bay safely
+behind us. And we knew that our trip would have to end right there as we could not
+fix the leaks in the <i>Morrissey</i>. Coming down she had been leaking about ten gallons a minute. That in itself wasn’t
+so bad, but the danger was that at any minute it might get worse, especially if any
+strain came or we hit ice or anything else.
+</p>
+<p>It was my turn at the pumps when we came in. When the engine was not running we had
+to pump almost continually, for the engine itself used up water from the bilge in
+its cooling system with a rig Robert Peary fixed up, which helped the pumping a lot.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb89">[<a href="#pb89">89</a>]</span></p>
+<p>At once we got some Eskimos on board to do the pumping. Cap’n Bob went ashore to see
+how deep the water was on the beach and what the slope was, to see if he could beach
+the <i>Morrissey</i>. Later in the afternoon the Governor and his assistants told us that there was a
+place about ten English miles (the Danish mile is about four of ours) up a fjord from
+Upernivik where the vessel could be beached easily. It was a place they used for their
+own vessels to get at their bottoms.
+</p>
+<p>We left right away and it took about two hours and a half to get there. On the way
+over we went through a kind of natural gate in the rocks that seemed about as wide
+as the length of the ship. It was very, very deep because there was a mountain on
+either side with sheer cliffs going straight down for probably a great many fathoms.
+</p>
+<p>They anchored the boat to wait for a big tide while Cap’n Bob got things ready to
+try and get her out so work could be done on the <span class="pageNum" id="pb90">[<a href="#pb90">90</a>]</span>bottom. The trouble was that the damage was on the very bottom of the keel so that
+just to keel her over on her side did no good. From Upernivik Dad had arranged to
+take up with us a dozen Greenlanders to help with the heavy work, like shifting ballast.
+Also we borrowed from the Governor his blacksmith and some tools.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p090width" id="p090"><img src="images/p090.jpg" alt="Art Shoots Ducks Among the Icebergs from the Dory with the Johnson Engine." width="720" height="521"><p class="figureHead">Art Shoots Ducks Among the Icebergs from the Dory with the Johnson Engine.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>The next day some of us took the Governor back to Upernivik in our launch. Doctor
+Heinbecker and I stayed there, visiting Dr. Rasmussen, the woman doctor who lives
+there and visits all around at the little settlements. She makes these trips in her
+own little power boat, with a couple of Eskimos to run it for her. She is a Dane,
+and most awfully nice. She is very big and strong, and they tell grand stories about
+how she drives her dog team in the winter and can tire out men who try to keep up
+to her. All the time we were at Upernivik she let us sleep in comfortable beds in
+her little hospital, and in every way treated <span class="pageNum" id="pb91">[<a href="#pb91">91</a>]</span>us splendidly. While visiting there we had some interesting things to eat, like seal
+meat, auks, duck and ducks’ eggs.
+</p>
+<p>That afternoon Dr. Rasmussen got a message that someone was sick in a little village
+called <span class="corr" id="xd33e1546" title="Source: Aupilagtok">Augpilagtok</span>, only a few miles from where the <i>Morrissey</i> was. The others returned to the <i>Morrissey</i> and Doc and I went with the Lady Doctor to this village, asking that they send over
+there to get us. We went in her little boat which was built in Denmark. It is very
+sturdy and good in the ice, ploughing along just as if there was no ice at all.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p091width" id="p091"><img src="images/p091.jpg" alt="Dad Tries His Hand at Netting Dovekies." width="720" height="561"><p class="figureHead">Dad Tries His Hand at Netting Dovekies.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>In Augpilagtok there was a tiny store in a little room joined to the house of the
+head man. His name was Imik and later he went with Dad on a three days trip, to the
+glaciers and the ice cap. In the store they sold lead for the bullets which they made
+in crude moulds, and also caps and powder. Their rifles shoot both shotgun shells
+and rifle bullets, and they make all the ammunition themselves. <span class="pageNum" id="pb92">[<a href="#pb92">92</a>]</span>Here the Eskimos have money which they use in the store to buy biscuit, sugar, tobacco
+and other things. These are weighed out on funny little scales the weights of which
+were two old brass hinges.
+</p>
+<p>After a while our launch came with Dad and some of the others and we all went back
+to the <i>Morrissey</i>, through lots of ice. Most of the way the Lady Doctor’s boat, the <i>Mitik</i>, which is very broad in the beam, ploughed through the ice in front, with our launch
+trailing along behind.
+</p>
+<p>When we arrived at the <i>Morrissey</i> the Captain wanted to get rid of some of us, to make things easier for Billy, the
+cook, who had the big bunch of Eskimos on his hands. Also, they were moving ballast
+and getting ready to put the vessel over on her side which would mean putting out
+the fires and having everyone camp on shore. The Lady Doctor invited our Doc, Harry
+Raven and myself to go to town with her, which we did.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb93">[<a href="#pb93">93</a>]</span></p>
+<p>We went back to Upernivik in the Lady Doctor’s boat, reaching there about four o’clock
+in the morning—broad daylight, of course, and with the sun shining brightly, for all
+this time we were very lucky to have fine weather and really quite warm. I suppose
+the temperature was about sixty at the warmest and never got below forty.
+</p>
+<p>During lunch, at two o’clock that afternoon we heard another great yelling from the
+natives.
+</p>
+<p>“<i>Umiaksoah!</i>” they yelled. That is the word for ship. (I have spelled it the way it sounds to
+me.)
+</p>
+<p>To our great surprise we saw a battleship coming into the harbor. It proved to be
+the <i>Islands Falk</i>, meaning the <i>Iceland Falcon</i>, the Danish patrol ship. It had heard by radio of our trouble while it was away down
+in south Greenland and at once had started north to rescue us. The first report, relayed
+to them by radio from an American vessel in <span class="pageNum" id="pb94">[<a href="#pb94">94</a>]</span>the north, said we had entirely lost the <i>Morrissey</i> and were all on shore. Just why such a report was sent we could not imagine, as of
+course we had sent out no word of that kind.
+</p>
+<p>Anyway, later on Captain West of the <i>Falcon</i> got another word from the Canadian ship <i>Boethic</i> which was over on the Canadian side. The <i>Boethic</i> had had wireless word with us, and told Captain West the real facts, which were that
+we were working south to Upernivik to make repairs. So the <i>Falcon</i> came to Upernivik to help us.
+</p>
+<p>I got a small boat and rowed out to the battleship and went aboard. To my great surprise
+I was greeted by Dr. Knud Rasmussen who had come up on the <i>Falcon</i> from Disko where we had been supposed to meet him. But his ship from Denmark had
+been very late and he failed to connect with us there. I told him about what had happened
+to us.
+</p>
+<p>Then Captain West, Commander Riis-Carstensen, Dr. Rasmussen and others went <span class="pageNum" id="pb95">[<a href="#pb95">95</a>]</span>up to the <i>Morrissey</i> to offer help. In the end they sent a fine lot of men up there with a diver and boats
+and everything. The diver worked for about six days, while the Danish officers and
+sailors lived aboard and camped ashore. It proved that with the diver it was possible
+to get the leaks just about stopped. But I think that without him we would have had
+pretty serious trouble. The hard part was to get at the damaged place, which was on
+the very bottom of the vessel. And at the beaching place where they sent us it turned
+out there was not enough tide to get the bottom clear out of water.
+</p>
+<p>We certainly were very grateful to the Danish officials for all they did for us. No
+one could possibly have been nicer or more generous. And I never saw a finer lot of
+men. It was great fun for me to be with them on the ship and around town. Most of
+the sixty men aboard were from all over Denmark, fine younger men who were doing their
+one year <span class="pageNum" id="pb96">[<a href="#pb96">96</a>]</span>of compulsory naval service. In Denmark every man has to serve in the army or navy
+<span class="corr" id="xd33e1613" title="Source: or">for</span> about a year of training. And I think they all love to get on this Greenland trip,
+it is so different.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p096width" id="p096"><img src="images/p096.jpg" alt="Carl and Art Try Swimming at the Foot of the Glacier." width="720" height="527"><p class="figureHead">Carl and Art Try Swimming at the Foot of the Glacier.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>While they were working on the boat we moved into Upernivik, Doc, Harry and I. Dad
+took three men up to the glacier, where they got pictures and collected some bird
+specimens.
+</p>
+<p>It was a very gay time for Upernivik, probably about the most exciting they ever had.
+For not only was the <i>Morrissey</i> there but also the <i>Falcon</i> with a crew of sixty, most of whom were ashore much of the time. There was a dance
+in a big warehouse near the wharf every night, which always lasted until morning.
+In fact, there just wasn’t any night. In the summer when a boat comes to those far
+away towns, they forget all about sleeping. Everyone stays up all the time. For the
+people in the boats it really is pretty hard, for <span class="pageNum" id="pb97">[<a href="#pb97">97</a>]</span>the people ashore at least can go to sleep when the boat leaves, while it is just
+then that the work starts for the travellers.
+</p>
+<p>At Upernivik is the farthest north church in the world, they told me. A new building
+had just been completed, and on the Sunday we were there it was opened. There was
+a great crowd, and the Governor wore his high hat and everything. Of course we all
+went, and to the native wedding that afternoon. The hymns were sung in Eskimo, and
+there was a long Eskimo sermon. The first church in Upernivik was built away back
+in 1780.
+</p>
+<p>On the evening of August tenth the <i>Morrissey</i> came back to the harbor. The diver had fixed her up finely. Captain West gave Captain
+Bartlett a letter saying she was quite seaworthy. So we were very happy, as it meant
+we could keep on with our trip, which had come so near to ending in disaster. And
+we decided to go north again, taking Knud Rasmussen to Thule.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p097width" id="p097"><img src="images/p097.jpg" alt="Up on the Glacier, where the Great Ice Cap Comes Down to the Sea." width="720" height="516"><p class="figureHead">Up on the Glacier, where the Great Ice Cap Comes Down to the Sea.</p>
+</div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb98">[<a href="#pb98">98</a>]</span></p>
+<p>The night before we left they gave us a grand party at Governor Otto’s. All the shutters
+were closed so the house would be dark. Then, to make it pretty, they lit many candles.
+Eighteen people crowded into the little dining-room, and there were speeches and quite
+a fine celebration. I went to bed pretty early but the older people, I think, did
+not turn in until seven in the morning.
+</p>
+<p>On the <i>Iceland Falcon</i>, the last night, there was another farewell party, Cap’n Bob and Dad dining with
+Captain West. They loaded on the <i>Morrissey</i> the stores of Dr. Rasmussen and his baggage. He was going back with us all the way
+to New York, so he had a good deal of clothes and the like.
+</p>
+<p>As we up-anchored and got under way we dipped our flag and fired our biggest rifle
+three times in salute. Then the <i>Falcon</i> answered with three shots from one of her big guns, and the people on shore fired
+another salute with their small cannon. Altogether <span class="pageNum" id="pb99">[<a href="#pb99">99</a>]</span>it was a very gay send-off. The Governor was out in his big rowboat, waving good-bye
+to us. Certainly Upernivik could have treated us no better, and we all appreciated
+it.
+</p>
+<p>And then we headed north again, with Dr. Rasmussen. And we felt mighty lucky to be
+on our way again, instead of retreating south. Before us lay our third crossing of
+Melville Bay, which is quite a record for one season.
+</p>
+<p>Dr. Rasmussen, for instance, has crossed it about forty times. Probably he has travelled
+up here more than any other living man. He told me that once it took six weeks to
+get just across Melville Bay, his boat being frozen in solid in the pack ice, and
+just drifting. How lucky we have been to get across three times with practically no
+ice at all.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1657width xd33e1657"><img src="images/p099.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="607" height="69"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb100">[<a href="#pb100">100</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch9" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e357">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p100.png" alt="CHAPTER IX" width="469" height="82"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER IX</h2>
+<h2 class="main">OUR FIRST NARWHAL</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">After crossing Melville Bay again for the third time, and without stopping at Cape
+York, we arrived in Thule. Coming up, on the other side of Melville Bay, I got entirely
+cheated out of one stop. It was very early morning and I was sound asleep and they
+didn’t wake me.
+</p>
+<p>As the boats came out to meet the <i>Morrissey</i> the men waved their hats in greeting. But when they came near and saw that Rasmussen
+was aboard they started shouting and cheering. The man running the engine in the little
+power boat was so excited that he forgot to stop the motor and ran the boat full speed
+and head on into the side of the vessel <span class="pageNum" id="pb101">[<a href="#pb101">101</a>]</span>so hard that most of the people in his craft fell down.
+</p>
+<p>We brought Rasmussen to this trading station of his where he had not been for five
+years and Dad had agreed to take away for him to New York the fox skins they had traded
+from the Eskimos during the winter. Also Mr. Rasmussen’s manager, who is also his
+cousin, had been promised that he could go back to Denmark this year. He had been
+at Thule continuously for six years. The first time we were there an apple Dad gave
+him was the first he had eaten in all that time.
+</p>
+<p>We also took from Thule a native girl called Nette, who has been studying to be a
+nurse and is going back to Denmark to complete her education, living with Mrs. Rasmussen
+there. We will take them to Holsteinsborg where they will get a steamer for Denmark.
+</p>
+<p>Hans Nielsen is Rasmussen’s manager and he of course is very pleased at the chance
+to get away. He brought his own kayak on <span class="pageNum" id="pb102">[<a href="#pb102">102</a>]</span>the <i>Morrissey</i> so that he can help us in hunting.
+</p>
+<p>While in Thule, early in the morning, Dad, Dan, Bob Peary and I went out in the motor
+boat with two Eskimos to look for seal. We went up the fjord about five miles inland
+to the foot of a glacier and saw about six, but couldn’t get near enough to shoot
+them. We took several long shots, without success.
+</p>
+<p>We had to go back then, for as soon as Nielsen and Nette were ready we were leaving
+for Whale Sound. During that morning while they were packing up we had quite a dance
+outside in front of Mr. Nielsen’s house. Kel took movies of the party. We had a pail
+of candy and when it was passed around the Eskimos would dig in with both hands. But
+really they are most awfully polite and these nice people in the North never take
+anything without being asked first. And I think they never steal. It’s interesting
+to know what Mr. Rasmussen tells me, <span class="pageNum" id="pb103">[<a href="#pb103">103</a>]</span>that in the Eskimo language there are no swear words. They just don’t use bad language.
+The worst thing to call a man is to say he is lazy or a bad hunter.
+</p>
+<p>From Thule we took a bunch of Eskimos, including one older man who had been with Peary
+and was very sick. He said to Cap’n Bob: “I wish for the good days of Pearyarkshua
+when we had plenty to eat and to wear.”
+</p>
+<p>Of course the Captain knew him well and told me that he used to be about the strongest
+Eskimo of the whole lot they had and one of the very best hunters. His name is Ahngmalokto.
+Doctor Heinbecker gave him some medicine, and the skipper gave him tea and bread and
+jam, but he wasn’t able even to eat that. It was very sad.
+</p>
+<p>Thule itself is at the head of North Star Bay, on a rocky beach that sweeps around
+like a crescent. Out at the sea end, on one side, is a huge hill with a flat table-like
+top with steep walls at the top then sloping <span class="pageNum" id="pb104">[<a href="#pb104">104</a>]</span>down evenly in great rock slides which are called talus slopes. It’s a lot like a
+mesa or tableland in our own west. The name of this queer mountain is Oomunui. There
+are four frame buildings, the trading station, the furthest north in the world. And
+about a mile away, across the rock peninsula, is the native settlement, a scattered
+lot of tupiks, the summer skin houses of the Eskimos, with the stone winter houses
+nearby along the shore. I suppose there are about forty people.
+</p>
+<p>Since 1910 Rasmussen has run this trading station. It is to help these northern Eskimos,
+called the Smith Sound tribe. They are the furthest north people in the world. Before,
+they never had any regular chance to get things, or to trade their skins, except to
+whalers once in a while, or explorers. Before Peary commenced coming about thirty
+years ago they had no guns or steel or anything else except what they made and found
+themselves. They used to make arrow heads <span class="pageNum" id="pb105">[<a href="#pb105">105</a>]</span>out of meteorite chips, and made fire from flint they found. And about all their weapons
+and knives were made from ivory. The walrus tusk is very fine for this sort of thing.
+</p>
+<p>Even today they have very little, compared with the poorest people of the world we
+know. But they are healthy and happy and very good natured and kind. And of course
+they are great hunters. They have to be, to live.
+</p>
+<p>At Thule Rasmussen, and the Danish committee which works with him in running the thing,
+have a regular kingdom. Dad calls it a benevolent dictatorship, which means that Rasmussen
+is just about a king, but runs everything for the good of the people. They have money
+of their own, round pieces with holes in the middle, of three different values. The
+Station pays with these for the furs, and then the Eskimos use them in getting supplies
+from the store. Goods are sold at very low figures and the idea is, Mr. Rasmussen
+says, to make the <span class="pageNum" id="pb106">[<a href="#pb106">106</a>]</span>Station just pay its own way. As I have said in another chapter, we brought up a lot
+of stores from New York. And now we are taking back the fox skins of the winter’s
+catch.
+</p>
+<p>Early that afternoon, August 15th, we left Thule.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p106width" id="p106"><img src="images/p106.jpg" alt="Harry Raven, Zoölogist, Shows how to Clean a Narwhal Skull." width="720" height="498"><p class="figureHead">Harry Raven, Zoölogist, Shows how to Clean a Narwhal Skull.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>The next morning when I came on deck we were just off Northumberland Island and I
+saw the very place where we had been wrecked and so nearly spent quite a time at.
+</p>
+<p>I was on the crosstrees on the lookout for walrus and saw some seals and two that
+might have been walrus. When I got cold Bob Peary took my place. Soon afterward we
+stopped running on account of fog, and most everyone turned in to sleep, for with
+the all-the-time sunlight we never seem to find time to get enough sleep.
+</p>
+<p>I was down in the main cabin when Mr. Nielsen came down and said to Carl, who speaks
+Danish, that there was a dead white <span class="pageNum" id="pb107">[<a href="#pb107">107</a>]</span>whale near. I got Dad and told him about it. In a few minutes they had a boat over
+and went out to get him. When they reached the floating animal they called back that
+it was a female narwhal, and not a white whale after all.
+</p>
+<p>They towed it in and we put two or three tackles on it and started to get it aboard.
+It was about fifteen feet long and weighed I suppose over a ton. It had been dead
+quite a time and smelt pretty bad, so we decided to open it as it hung beside the
+boat and get the intestines out and some of the blubber off. The inner meat proved
+to be sound and all right.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p107width" id="p107"><img src="images/p107.jpg" alt="Working on a Narwhal Skeleton." width="516" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Working on a Narwhal Skeleton.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>We fixed a rowboat alongside and Harry Raven and Fred got in it and did the cutting
+up, with their oilskins on, for it was pretty messy. With the narwhal Harry found
+a little one. And he wasn’t so little either. He measured five feet seven inches.
+This was carefully embalmed. That is, Harry <span class="pageNum" id="pb108">[<a href="#pb108">108</a>]</span>pumped into its veins a fluid which preserves the flesh. It is to be taken back to
+the Museum just exactly as it is. I think a baby narwhal is a very rare specimen,
+and we all hope this one gets back in good condition.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1722width xd33e1722"><img src="images/p108.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="601" height="134"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb109">[<a href="#pb109">109</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch10" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e366">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p109.png" alt="CHAPTER X" width="397" height="89"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER X</h2>
+<h2 class="main">OUR ESKIMO ARTIST</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">Karnah is an Eskimo settlement on Whale Sound north of Thule and just inside Northumberland
+Island where we were wrecked. The last time we were not able to get in on account
+of ice. We headed for there now, to get hunters, the Whale Sound territory being fine
+for walrus and narwhal. Also some white whales are caught just to the north.
+</p>
+<p>When we were about three miles from Karnah a kayak came alongside. A man climbed out
+who grinned from ear to ear when he saw Rasmussen. He proved to be the missionary
+at Karnah, named Olsen, an old friend of Rasmussen’s. Seeing the masts he had come
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb110">[<a href="#pb110">110</a>]</span>out to meet us. We were, of course, the only vessel of the year. He showed us the
+way in to Karnah, where there was plenty of good water for the vessel.
+</p>
+<p>By the time the anchor was down there were a dozen or more men on board. Soon Rasmussen
+and Dad went ashore and arranged for hunters to go out after narwhal. Very soon after
+we got there great processions of the narwhal began to move up and down the sound
+in front of the village. Several times we saw a kayaker practically on top of one,
+ready to throw the harpoon, but something happened and he didn’t get it. Another man
+came in, who had got a harpoon into a narwhal, and told us his line had broken.
+</p>
+<p>A narwhal seems to jump just about the same as a porpoise, only he runs larger. He
+is very pretty, with a mottled skin like castile soap with blotches of white and lead
+color. The male has a big tusk sticking out of his <span class="pageNum" id="pb111">[<a href="#pb111">111</a>]</span>head, on the left side and straight out in front. It is ivory, with a twisting spiral
+surface. The biggest tusk I’ve seen is about ten feet long. They have been called
+“Unicorns of the Sea.” The biggest narwhal we got was fifteen feet long, and I expect
+they run up to twenty feet.
+</p>
+<p>We spent most of the night at Karnah, visiting and getting narwhal skulls, while the
+hunters were out. It was decided that Rasmussen would take Bob Peary and the big dory
+with the Johnson engine and go up the fjord to try and get a couple of narwhal.
+</p>
+<p>Later I learned that just after Dad had turned in at three-thirty two hunters got
+their narwhal near by. In the morning when I came on deck there was a fine big narwhal
+with a tusk. He was fifteen feet long, not counting the tusk, which was about seven
+or eight feet long. Later a small female was brought in, about nine feet long.
+</p>
+<p>All day Fred and Harry worked on these <span class="pageNum" id="pb112">[<a href="#pb112">112</a>]</span>narwhal. Because the narwhal were so heavy, to get them on board we had to use the
+two throat halyards. Fred took plaster casts of the heads and tails and fins. Photos
+were taken from all angles, and measurements and strips of skin were taken, so that
+a whole narwhal model can be constructed at the Museum. After this work was done we
+started in to clean the meat off the bones. Most of us wore rubber boots so as not
+to mind walking in the blood, but the Eskimos didn’t mind at all. They, of course,
+get the meat for themselves. While we would flounder around and have to cut two or
+three times the Eskimos would go ahead very quickly and skillfully, as they have done
+this sort of thing so many times. The skeletons were completely stripped in a few
+hours.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p112width" id="p112"><img src="images/p112.jpg" alt="Kakutia of Karnah, the Eskimo Artist who Made the Sketches Used in this Book while on the Morrissey in Whale Sound" width="720" height="551"><p class="figureHead">Kakutia of Karnah, the Eskimo Artist who Made the Sketches Used in this Book while
+on the <i>Morrissey</i> in Whale Sound</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>From Karnah we took with us six hunters with their kayaks to help us get walrus. Four
+of them used to be with Peary and their names are Etukashuk, Pooadloona, Kudluktoo
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb113">[<a href="#pb113">113</a>]</span>and Kesingwah. The last named was one of the Eskimos who came back with Captain Bob
+from 87 degrees 47 minutes north, only a few miles from the North Pole when he was
+with Peary in 1909, who went on to the Pole itself.
+</p>
+<p>They are all fine looking men and although they speak very little English they catch
+on to things very quickly and are awfully nice people to be with.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p113width" id="p113"><img src="images/p113.jpg" alt="Two Blond Eskimos! David and Nils." width="516" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Two Blond Eskimos! David and Nils.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>There are two fine boys. One is Pooadloona’s son, Matak. The other is Nils, who is
+sixteen. He has very light hair, about the color of mine, and blue eyes. He comes
+from South Greenland, and his father, I guess, is a Dane. He is awfully good in a
+kayak and built solid all around. While three years older than I am he doesn’t come
+quite to my shoulder. Of course all these people are very small. Very few of the men,
+I think, are over five feet five inches, but they are built like oxes usually with
+short legs and <span class="pageNum" id="pb114">[<a href="#pb114">114</a>]</span>thick bodies and a little fat although hard. This boy Nils has killed seal and narwhal
+all by himself.
+</p>
+<p>Also we took on board a nice Eskimo called Kakutia, which means something like “He
+of the Quiet Voice.” He is a fine artist and loves to make drawings of the weapons
+they use, of the animals and things like that.
+</p>
+<p>We gave him paper and pencils and during two days he worked along and made a fine
+lot of drawings. Some of them will be used as decorations in the book that will be
+made from this. It’s great fun to think that my little book about Greenland is to
+be illustrated, partly, by a real Eskimo, and that the pictures themselves actually
+were made in the cabin of the <i>Morrissey</i>, here with me and Dad, right in Whale Sound in latitude seventy-eight north.
+</p>
+<p>Later on I found out that Kakutia is the son of Panikpah, whom Captain Bob knows very
+well. He was one of the Peary men and <span class="pageNum" id="pb115">[<a href="#pb115">115</a>]</span>was an artist too. A number of his sketches are used in different Peary books. It’s
+interesting to see this being able to draw inherited by the son from the father.
+</p>
+<p>We are giving Kakutia a big roll of paper, some pads, pencils and a fine lot of lovely
+crayons, most of them Crayola given me by Grandpa Bub. He is delighted with all this
+and I expect will have a lot of fun this winter drawing and coloring pictures. And
+of course we gave him also useful things, for he has been fine to me. I hope later,
+by Rasmussen or in some way, to send him copies of the book, for Dad says his name
+is to appear on the title-page as the one who made the decorations.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1777width xd33e1777"><img src="images/p115.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="555" height="123"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb116">[<a href="#pb116">116</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch11" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e376">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p116.png" alt="CHAPTER XI" width="372" height="182"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER XI</h2>
+<h2 class="main">WALRUS HUNTING</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">At about six-thirty in the evening of August 16th a little way off Northumberland
+Island we saw a herd of walrus. They were moving along in the water quite fast, diving
+now and then and rising up a lot like porpoises. They get their food from the bottom
+mostly, eating clams and things like that.
+</p>
+<p>By the way, Captain Bob does a lot of dredging—that is, we drag a sort of net along
+the bottom to bring up the sea life there—and here in Whale Sound his hauls are the
+richest yet. There are clams and great numbers of shrimp. Which of course is why the
+walrus like it here.
+</p>
+<p>In a few minutes the Eskimos were in <span class="pageNum" id="pb117">[<a href="#pb117">117</a>]</span>their kayaks and out after them. It was very interesting to watch. One Eskimo would
+go ahead of the herd and make a lot of noise to attract their attention. Then the
+other hunter would come in behind very slowly and quietly and try to get within perhaps
+a dozen feet and then throw his harpoon with all his force into the walrus. There
+would be a very loud puff, like steam escaping, as he took breath and then a flip
+of his tail and he would disappear. The man in the kayak would back off quickly so
+the walrus wouldn’t come up under him. Then they would watch the float, which is an
+inflated sealskin, attached to the end of the harpoon line to see which way the harpooned
+walrus would go.
+</p>
+<p>As the float moved off, or was drawn under water by the diving animal, they would
+follow. It was all very dangerous, and many Eskimos are hurt and killed when angry
+walrus turn on their frail little boats which one toss of a walrus’ tusks would smash
+to bits. <span class="pageNum" id="pb118">[<a href="#pb118">118</a>]</span>In attacking the walrus lifts his head and comes down on the thing he is attacking
+with the end of his sharp tusks, ripping things terribly. I saw them attack several
+floats that way.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p118width" id="p118"><img src="images/p118.jpg" alt="Pooadloona Throws His Harpoon at a Walrus." width="564" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Pooadloona Throws His Harpoon at a Walrus.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>When the walrus came up, and the men could get close, the same sort of performance
+was gone through with again. Only this time they would try to get close with their
+lance, to stick it into the animal to kill him. The other animals in the herd often
+would stay close to the wounded one, barking and roaring something like a cow mooing,
+and puffing and blowing water. It is very noisy and very exciting. When the others
+come close, the Eskimos would bang their paddles on the paddle rest in front of them
+and yell, to scare off the other walrus who otherwise might attack them. Sometimes
+when scaring the walrus away they get within three or four feet of them.
+</p>
+<p>In a short time there were four walrus <span class="pageNum" id="pb119">[<a href="#pb119">119</a>]</span>harpooned, three of them lanced and dead and ready to be picked up by the <i>Morrissey</i>. We had the launch fast to one of them that was only wounded. We did not want to
+shoot him, as he had a fine head and the bullet is apt to break the bone structure
+and hurt it for use as a specimen.
+</p>
+<p>Art, Dad and Captain Bob went out in the launch to get him. The Captain wanted to
+lance him, himself. He told Art to do the shooting with his bow and arrows. Art shot
+at him seven times, all striking in the neck. He was bleeding badly and getting pretty
+mad. He would have died from the arrows, but they wanted to finish him as quickly
+as possible.
+</p>
+<p>He pulled so hard that he turned the <i>Morrissey</i> around. He was fast to the ship by a native line made of the hide of the bearded
+seal, or ugsug. Its wonderful strength is shown by its power to pull the vessel about.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p119width" id="p119"><img src="images/p119.jpg" alt="Walrus on Deck. All the Meat Went to the Eskimos, the Skeletons and Hides to the Museum." width="720" height="529"><p class="figureHead">Walrus on Deck. All the Meat Went to the Eskimos, the Skeletons and Hides to the Museum.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>At last he gave up trying to get away and <span class="pageNum" id="pb120">[<a href="#pb120">120</a>]</span>made a rush right at the launch. He sort of got on his back and put a flipper on each
+side of the bow of the little boat and tore furiously with his tusks at the bottom.
+We were watching from the deck of the <i>Morrissey</i>, only thirty feet or so away, and we could see the splinters fly. He put two holes
+right through the boat.
+</p>
+<p>The Eskimos were in their kayaks and they and Captain Bob succeeded in lancing the
+big bull, who once came right up under a kayak which really almost slid right off
+his back as the kayaker paddled desperately away.
+</p>
+<p>After he was dead we hooked the two throat halyards on him and hoisted him on board,
+which was quite a job. Then we went around to get the other walrus which the hunters
+had killed. In all there were seven and a little one I will tell about in a minute.
+</p>
+<p>A nice thing about this kind of hunting is that not a pound of meat is wasted. As
+a matter of fact it is a blessing for the Eskimos. <span class="pageNum" id="pb121">[<a href="#pb121">121</a>]</span>Every bit of it is taken by them and used for their own food and for dog food. Our
+coming just helped them get their supplies. I suppose in all they got four or five
+tons of meat, what with the walrus and the narwhal.
+</p>
+<p>After that Dad, Dan and myself went out in the little rowboat and followed along after
+two hunters in kayaks. They went right into a herd of about forty and harpooned one
+and motioned for us to come up and shoot it. There was a good-sized herd within fifty
+yards of us, puffing, grunting and barking. Now and then stray animals would come
+up right close to the boat. They look awfully funny with their whiskered faces popping
+up on the surface and glaring at you like cross old men. Then they give a grunt and
+a spray of steam and down they go.
+</p>
+<p>When they were excited like this they formed sort of a circle with the tusks of all
+the old bulls facing out toward the hunters. I can’t imagine a more exciting sport.
+I wish <span class="pageNum" id="pb122">[<a href="#pb122">122</a>]</span>that some day I could learn to use a kayak really well and try getting a walrus myself.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p122width" id="p122"><img src="images/p122.jpg" alt="“Halitosis,” the Baby Walrus Roped by Carl." width="720" height="538"><p class="figureHead">“Halitosis,” the Baby Walrus Roped by Carl.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>When we were pretty close Dad fired five bullets, four of which, I think, hit him
+in the head and neck. But the rifle is only a 256, not a very big bore, and it didn’t
+do the work. Then Dan fired a shot with his big high-powered rifle and hit him in
+the back of the neck and he dropped instantly. This one floated. Many of them sink
+the minute they are dead.
+</p>
+<p>We went back to one that Doc and Kellerman had shot after we picked up the others.
+Two hunters in kayaks were waiting there. This was a big cow walrus. But most interesting
+was that beside her in the water were two young walrus. The older was a bull calf,
+a yearling I suppose.
+</p>
+<p>We wanted to get these young ones alive so Carl went for his lasso. Dad rowed Carl
+out in the little boat. Carl stood up swinging his lasso all ready to throw when he
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb123">[<a href="#pb123">123</a>]</span>got the chance. They went right up alongside the old cow, who was floating partly
+out of water.
+</p>
+<p>When the tusked calf came up Carl threw the rope, but the first throw slipped off.
+Then it was evident that the smaller calf, which had no tusks, was easier to get,
+seeming to be less wild. So Carl went after him and about the third throw got the
+rope around him, which was quite a job because his head was small and slippery and
+he dove quickly.
+</p>
+<p>There was a great splashing and goings on. The little walrus wasn’t so very little.
+He weighed about 150 pounds and was as strong as a young bull. Carl hauled the rope
+in over the stern and finally got more of it around the walrus and sort of hogtied
+him. Finally they dragged him over to the <i>Morrissey</i> and he was hauled up on deck with a burton, which is a tackle used to raise and lower
+the dories. In the meantime the other young walrus had disappeared.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p123width" id="p123"><img src="images/p123.jpg" alt="Hoisting a Walrus on Board." width="542" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Hoisting a Walrus on Board.</p>
+</div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb124">[<a href="#pb124">124</a>]</span></p>
+<p>I suppose that perhaps this is the first time that a walrus ever has been captured
+with a rope. Anyway, it’s certainly the first time this particular cowboy has roped
+one. I know that polar bears have been roped before.
+</p>
+<p>We kept the little walrus on board for two days. Dad called him Halitosis. He didn’t
+smell so sweet. We tried feeding him milk, and he seemed to take a little, through
+a hose. He would bark fiercely at everyone. But the really sad thing was to see him
+when he first came aboard. The bodies of the other walrus were in a great heap on
+deck. At once he smelled around and found his mother and the poor little fellow got
+right over to her and sort of snuggled up close to her, quiet as could be.
+</p>
+<p>Later Harry killed him painlessly with chloroform and he was embalmed to be taken
+back just as he was to the American Museum of Natural History.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb125">[<a href="#pb125">125</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch12" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e386">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p125.png" alt="CHAPTER XII" width="548" height="99"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER XII</h2>
+<h2 class="main">ACROSS TO JONES SOUND</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">We dropped all our hunters at Karnah after a day there, during which we visited around
+and settled up what we owed the Eskimos for the work they had done for us. Of course
+all the walrus meat went to them, and also the meat from two more narwhal which had
+been captured while we were away, thanks to Dr. Rasmussen, who saw to it that everyone
+did all they could to get the specimens we wanted.
+</p>
+<p>There really were three more narwhal, but one of them was a little one which Harry
+Raven preserved whole, embalming it. The skeletons and skulls of the others were taken.
+Also Kellerman made some interesting movies showing the work of landing the dead <span class="pageNum" id="pb126">[<a href="#pb126">126</a>]</span>narwhal on the beach and cutting them up. This was at night, when it was cloudy and
+not bright enough for pictures. So some of the men lit bright flares which Kellerman
+had, which lit up the beach with a queer bright light that was almost blinding.
+</p>
+<p>When the narwhal were landed Kudluktoo and the others cut off great strips of the
+skin which they all love. These were handed around and all hands gobbled up the stuff
+in great shape. The way they eat this sort of thing is to put a big sliver in their
+mouth until it is stuffed full, and then cut off the end outside their lips with a
+knife. Why they don’t sometimes cut their noses or lips I don’t know. Anyway, it looked
+awfully funny and ought to be good in the picture.
+</p>
+<p>I tried narwhal skin myself and don’t like it much. It’s sort of tough and seems to
+be swallowed without chewing. I think an auto tire inner tube would be about the same,
+only it would smell better.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb127">[<a href="#pb127">127</a>]</span></p>
+<p>Pooadloona and another hunter we took over to Northumberland Island. That afternoon
+we got some more walrus but while we were fooling around taking some movies we lost
+two of the animals. I think this discouraged the Eskimos who couldn’t understand why
+the foolish white men would let good meat get away when they really had it killed,
+instead of trying crazy stunts for a man who looked into a machine and turned a crank.
+Anyway, there was one big walrus whose meat we took to Keate, the little town where
+we left these hunters. It was only a little way from the place where we had been wrecked.
+</p>
+<p>In the evening we started across Baffin Bay to go to Jones Sound on the Canadian side.
+We had intended to go further north to Etah, which was only about sixty miles away.
+But it was getting pretty late in the season and the <i>Morrissey</i> was giving Cap’n Bob a good deal of worry. While she was <span class="pageNum" id="pb128">[<a href="#pb128">128</a>]</span>well patched up, she still leaked a bit and lots of places were sprung. For instance,
+the forward deck leaked so badly that when the walrus meat was piled on deck the blood
+dripped right down into our cabin and got on the table and especially into Bob Peary’s
+bunk. It just wasn’t possible to fix the deck, which had to be recaulked all over,
+until the vessel got to a shipyard.
+</p>
+<p>Anyway, it seemed better not to go much further north. Also, we had to go back to
+Holsteinsborg on the Greenland side to get the Hobbs party. If it wasn’t for that
+Captain Bob would have gone to Etah.
+</p>
+<p>After a day of fine going with some hours of a pretty stiff wind and rather rough
+sea, we arrived at the mouth of Jones Sound where we were greeted with a thick fog
+that put ice on all the rigging. After going quite a way up Jones Sound, hoping to
+get to the lower land where there might be musk-oxen, we were stopped by thick pan
+ice. Also new ice <span class="pageNum" id="pb129">[<a href="#pb129">129</a>]</span>was forming in the night. Evidently winter was just around the corner.
+</p>
+<p>We turned around and went out again toward the mouth and then waited for the fog to
+clear up. There was lots of pan ice all around us and of course it wasn’t safe to
+risk getting caught by the ice too far in. A sudden change in the wind, for instance,
+might jam it all around us and keep us from getting out at all.
+</p>
+<p>In the early afternoon the fog disappeared and we went in to Craig Harbor, on the
+north shore of the sound on Ellesmere Land. Dad, Rasmussen, Doc and Joe the sailor
+went ashore and reported that the station was closed. This is the most northerly police
+post in the world, occupied most of the time by the famous Northwest Mounted Police.
+</p>
+<p>Much to our disappointment there was nobody at the station. We learned later they
+had moved to a new station further north on Ellesmere Land. We left a note <span class="pageNum" id="pb130">[<a href="#pb130">130</a>]</span>saying that we had been there. There were two main buildings, a barracks and a store
+house, with oil barrels and sacks of coal piled up around. It all looked very neat.
+The buildings themselves were locked.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p130width" id="p130"><img src="images/p130.jpg" alt="Dressing a Walrus. Left to Right: Dan, Joe, Art, David and Carl." width="720" height="503"><p class="figureHead">Dressing a Walrus. Left to Right: Dan, Joe, Art, David and Carl.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>When we left Craig Harbor we saw two big bearded seal on the ice quite a distance
+away. When the <i>Morrissey</i> got quite close to one Art Young shot him dead with a rifle with a beautiful shot
+right through the neck, and then he turned around and shot at the other. He hit him
+all right but he wriggled off the ice pan and most likely sank.
+</p>
+<p>When they were getting the first seal Jim, the sailor, who is used to killing seal
+on the spring Newfoundland seal hunts, jumped on the pan and cracked the seal over
+the head with a heavy seal hook. This broke the skull and injured the specimen for
+scientific use. So I was told to keep a watch out for more as we very much wanted
+to get a perfect specimen.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb131">[<a href="#pb131">131</a>]</span></p>
+<p>We were not sure that there were any walrus in Jones Sound. But soon Doc and I saw
+what we supposed were three big seals on pans of ice about a mile ahead of us. We
+were in the lookout with glasses. And our seal turned out to be walrus, and big ones,
+too.
+</p>
+<p>We headed right for them and Carl and Doc and Cal and Dad got in the bow with their
+guns. When they were pretty near they shot and hit the walrus, but they didn’t kill
+him. It is pretty hard to kill one, and if they have any life left they slide off
+the ice into the water. The poor big walrus lifted himself on his flippers and looked
+around to see where the noise came from and what it was all about.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p131width" id="p131"><img src="images/p131.jpg" alt="Art and a Dead Walrus on an Ice Pan in Jones Sound." width="720" height="520"><p class="figureHead">Art and a Dead Walrus on an Ice Pan in Jones Sound.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>In the water they seem pretty fierce and getting at them is quite a job. But on the
+ice they seem very stupid and sort of pitiful and lumbering, like a huge big sleepy
+cow. Only of course those tusks are mighty dangerous, and I believe there isn’t an
+animal that <span class="pageNum" id="pb132">[<a href="#pb132">132</a>]</span>can fight with a walrus, even a polar bear. But they certainly can’t hear or see very
+well. And when they are asleep on the ice in the sun, if the water is quiet so the
+ice doesn’t rock and disturb them, it’s very easy indeed to get awfully close to them.
+</p>
+<p>This big walrus, although hit three times, started to get off the ice. Then Carl finished
+him with Dan’s heavy rifle. So we left him dead on that pan and moved over to the
+other pan where two more were asleep. Both of them were hit with the first shots,
+but both managed to get into the water. Carl drove my harpoon, from the ship, into
+one of them, but the other sank, although Nielsen, Rasmussen’s man with us on this
+part of the trip almost got his harpoon into that one. It was a shame to lose him.
+</p>
+<p>We all hate to kill anything and have it wasted. As a matter of fact I thought I was
+going to be awfully excited about killing things, but while it’s exciting all right
+I don’t <span class="pageNum" id="pb133">[<a href="#pb133">133</a>]</span>think I care an awful lot about it. Getting animals for food or for museums is all
+right. But I don’t believe I want any trophies just to look at. It seems fairer to
+get the fun of seeing them alive and to let them keep on up here. From what Dad says,
+and Cap’n Bob and the others, there must have been a great deal more game up here
+some years ago than there is now, and certainly other expeditions killed an awful
+lot. Also of course the Eskimos, now that they have rifles, kill a lot. And after
+a while, I suppose, the game will be all gone just as it is in most of our own west.
+</p>
+<p>We saw another walrus not far off. The <i>Morrissey</i> got very close to him and Art put two arrows in his neck, shooting from the bowsprit
+so that a picture could be taken. The arrows might have killed him, for they certainly
+got in a long way and caused a lot of bleeding. But that would have taken some time,
+so the walrus was shot.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb134">[<a href="#pb134">134</a>]</span></p>
+<p>None of these animals was wasted. Harry Raven took the brains for the Museum and the
+heads were kept by members of the expedition. While our crowd, I think, have had a
+pretty good time and certainly plenty of excitement, they have not had much real hunting.
+I know that Dad had hoped that the men who volunteered and came and have done lots
+of work would be able to get more fun out of it. So he is glad when there is a chance
+for them to get something to take back with them. The meat was saved for the Eskimos
+at Pond’s Inlet, where we were going.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1925width xd33e1925"><img src="images/p134.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="568" height="165"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb135">[<a href="#pb135">135</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch13" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e395">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p135.png" alt="CHAPTER XIII" width="461" height="185"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER XIII</h2>
+<h2 class="main">NANOOK!</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">That night in Jones Sound, after getting the walrus, was very beautiful. There was
+a great big full moon and a very pink and golden sunset. The sun really went down
+that night, although of course it stayed quite light. And it was the first time we
+had seen the moon for a long time. Both the sunset and the moon, one in the west,
+the other in the east, lasted all the night, reflected over a very thin coat of silvery
+new ice.
+</p>
+<p>Dad and I stayed up all night. Dad shot a bearded seal on a pan, a pretty good shot
+getting him right through the head. Then Ralph got out on the pan and put a strap
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb136">[<a href="#pb136">136</a>]</span>around the seal and we hoisted him on board with a burton and were off again. A little
+while later we saw another big one on a pan and Dad tried a long shot and missed,
+shooting high. On the second shot he hit him, but the seal wriggled off and came to
+the surface in a few minutes. Dan and Dad went out in the skiff and tried to get him
+but they would go close to the place where he was and he would go down and come up
+at another place. There was no use shooting him unless they got close enough to put
+a seal hook in him, for he would just sink.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p136width" id="p136"><img src="images/p136.jpg" alt="Enough for Several Fine Duck Messes." width="496" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Enough for Several Fine Duck Messes.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>After a while they gave up and started back. Then three seal came right up near them,
+popping out of the water to see what it was all about. But they dodged back too quick
+for a shot.
+</p>
+<p>The new ice was forming quickly and the barometer was dropping. So we began to move
+out to the mouth of the Sound, as Cap’n Bob wanted to get out of there before <span class="pageNum" id="pb137">[<a href="#pb137">137</a>]</span>we might have trouble with the ice in case of a storm. Of course if it had been earlier
+in the season we would have liked to stay in Jones Sound, where there certainly was
+good hunting.
+</p>
+<p>We watched and watched, but saw nothing more. We were working easterly following along
+the edge of big fields of floe ice, that is, floating pans, some of them just little
+pieces a few yards square, and others perhaps a hundred feet or more, or a number
+of pans floating about together, partly joined by new ice. You could almost see this
+new ice forming. The thermometer I suppose was about 25 degrees, or perhaps colder.
+Little crystals gathered together in the quiet water and then there was a thin sheet
+of rubbery ice. As the boat moved through it the surface held with a lot of strength.
+It would wave as the ripples from the bow worked out under it, and took a lot of pressure
+before it actually broke.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p137width" id="p137"><img src="images/p137.jpg" alt="Enjoying Our Atwater Kent Radio." width="720" height="531"><p class="figureHead">Enjoying Our Atwater Kent Radio.</p>
+</div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb138">[<a href="#pb138">138</a>]</span></p>
+<p>It was just about four o’clock in the morning and I was going to turn in. I was cold.
+But it had been fun staying up and I don’t think I ever saw anything so beautiful
+as that light on the ice and the calm grey water, with the snowy mountains and dark
+cliffs and white glaciers on both sides of the sound.
+</p>
+<p>Dan was still working, cleaning up his walrus head. Dad was at the bow. Ralph was
+at the wheel, and Jim on lookout.
+</p>
+<p>“Bear! Bear!”
+</p>
+<p>Suddenly Ralph called that out, in a low voice.
+</p>
+<p>Jim rang for the engine to stop and at once the Captain, who was below getting a nap
+after being up about twenty-four hours, came on deck.
+</p>
+<p>From where we were all that could be seen of the bear was a small yellow spot away
+over on the other side of a big pan. I was told to go aloft and keep my eyes on him
+and to yell if he went into the water. If a bear <span class="pageNum" id="pb139">[<a href="#pb139">139</a>]</span>gets into the water it is pretty easy to get him, for he doesn’t swim too fast to
+catch. But if he gets to land he is likely to get away. Cap’n Bob was afraid he might
+start across the big pan one way, as we went round the other.
+</p>
+<p>Anyway, the <i>Morrissey</i> went around the pan and nosed up, very quietly, to within about thirty yards of him.
+The bear held his nose high in the air and then came toward the ship making a very
+pretty jump across some young ice. He seemed not a bit afraid, only very interested
+in this strange new huge animal that had come to bother him.
+</p>
+<p>Cap’n Bob wanted to be sure for us to get this first bear, so several took a shot
+together. The rifles of Dad and Dan and Doc all blazed out together and later we found
+that each shot hit and that any one of them apparently would have been fatal.
+</p>
+<p>Jim and Ralph jumped out on the ice from the bowsprit and made a line fast to the
+dead <span class="pageNum" id="pb140">[<a href="#pb140">140</a>]</span>bear and he was hoisted aboard and laid up forward, the rest of the deck being pretty
+full of walrus meat and skins and heads. About that time we looked pretty messy and
+like a butcher shop, but right away, as the barometer was falling and it felt like
+snow, all hands went to work and kept at it until breakfast, by which time things
+were pretty shipshape.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p140width" id="p140"><img src="images/p140.jpg" alt="Kellerman “Shoots” Some Eskimos of Inglefield Gulf." width="720" height="524"><p class="figureHead">Kellerman “Shoots” Some Eskimos of Inglefield Gulf.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>After that, by the way, we had a wonderful assortment of meat. There was walrus heart
+and meat, and bear meat hanging in the rigging and a big bunch of auks and murres
+hanging in the shrouds, and also some fine seal meat. Some of this seal we ate at
+dinner that next day, boiled not very much, and it certainly was fine. So for some
+time we had a pretty fine meat diet.
+</p>
+<p>Right away, too, Billy boiled out a couple of bottles of bear oil for Dad and Rasmussen.
+This is great stuff for shoes and leather.
+</p>
+<p>And speaking of bear, I now have two complete <span class="pageNum" id="pb141">[<a href="#pb141">141</a>]</span>outfits of Eskimo clothing. The northern kind has nanookies, or bear pants. Nette
+made these on board from a part of a skin Dr. Rasmussen gave Dad, and at Karnah when
+we stopped the Eskimo women there chewed it up in their teeth so that the hide became
+very soft and easy to work. Then there are sealskin boots with rabbit fur inside and
+a sealskin netcha or jacket with a hood to go over the head. It is a wonderfully warm
+and comfortable rig, this northern outfit.
+</p>
+<p>This bear of ours, they said, was a four-year-old. He measured seven feet and four
+inches long and they guessed he weighed close to six hundred pounds. Later on Fred
+fixed up the skin and the head to be taken back and made into a rug. I worked on the
+skull, which takes quite a lot of work to clean all the flesh off.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p141width" id="p141"><img src="images/p141.jpg" alt="Kudluktoo and Matak Show David the Right Way to Eat Narwhal Hide, a Prized Eskimo Delicacy." width="720" height="531"><p class="figureHead">Kudluktoo and Matak Show David the Right Way to Eat Narwhal Hide, a Prized Eskimo
+Delicacy.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>So that made a pretty exciting finish to a really wonderful day. We were sorry for
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb142">[<a href="#pb142">142</a>]</span>just one thing. There wasn’t enough light at that time of the morning or late night
+to get any pictures of the bear. Anyway, in about eight hours we had got walrus and
+bearded seal and then the pride of it all, Nanook the bear.
+</p>
+<p>And a funny part of it is that just the night before, Dad had sent a radio to Mother
+saying that pretty soon he hoped to find a bear on one of the ice pans, and that his
+skin was mortgaged to make a rug for my little brother June to play on in front of
+the fire this winter.
+</p>
+<p>Then so soon after that we got the bear and the rug for Junie!
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e1994width xd33e1994"><img src="images/p142.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="534" height="165"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb143">[<a href="#pb143">143</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch14" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e404">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p143.png" alt="CHAPTER XIV" width="497" height="130"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER XIV</h2>
+<h2 class="main">AT POND’S INLET</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">On August twenty-eighth after a long time in very thick fog we at last saw land only
+a little way off. For a couple of days we had been working down the coast of Devon
+Island and Bylot Island, wanting to get to Pond’s Inlet where there is a station of
+the Northwest Mounted Police and also a post of the Hudson Bay Company.
+</p>
+<p>Cap’n Bob had not been able to see land or to take any observations but we knew pretty
+well from dead reckoning that we had reached the south shore of Pond’s Inlet. “Dead
+reckoning,” you know, means finding out where you are by the record of the number
+of miles the log shows the ship has <span class="pageNum" id="pb144">[<a href="#pb144">144</a>]</span>travelled. The log itself is a little instrument like a small propeller which is let
+out on a long rope at the stern; it turns around fast or slow according to the speed
+at which the boat travels, and the revolutions it makes are recorded showing the number
+of knots, or sea miles, covered.
+</p>
+<p>While we were drifting around in the fog, barely in sight of the high land which now
+and then showed through the fog, Dad and Dr. Rasmussen paddled about a bit in a small
+boat shooting murres and dovekies. In quite a short time Dad shot fifty-one, which
+made several meals for the crowd.
+</p>
+<p>Then later we put the dory over with the Johnson engine in it. It made a good little
+boat to go ahead and see how deep the water was. One of the sailors was in her using
+the lead and calling back to the <i>Morrissey</i> the depths of water he found.
+</p>
+<p>After a few miles of groping along that way we stopped near shore where a little stream
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb145">[<a href="#pb145">145</a>]</span>came down right beside a glacier. We only had a few gallons of water left on board
+in the big tank, and nearly all the casks were empty. While the crew took the casks
+ashore and filled them, Bob Peary, Ed Manley and I went out rowing in the fog looking
+for seal. We’d seen quite a few during the day. Of course we didn’t get out of sight
+of land, but kept going down along the shore, so we could find our way back. You really
+could see only about a hundred yards.
+</p>
+<p>We shot at a couple of seal but missed them. They are pretty hard to hit in the water.
+They come up just for a minute or even a few seconds and take a look at you if you
+are close and then dive. We were just going after another which seemed to be keeping
+pretty well on the surface when we heard the fog horn on the <i>Morrissey</i>. That was a signal that we should come back.
+</p>
+<p>A little later we went ashore and on a rocky hillside found a whaler’s grave. He <span class="pageNum" id="pb146">[<a href="#pb146">146</a>]</span>was a harpooner on a famous whaler, the <i>Diana</i>, of Dundee, Scotland, and was buried there in 1903. Some other whalers’ graves not
+far away were a hundred years old, for there were many of them up here as early as
+that. During some seasons, I was told, as many as a couple of thousand men would be
+in these waters and some vessels wintered in little harbors along the coast. Now the
+whales are about all gone and the whalers are out of business.
+</p>
+<p>The fog cleared up later in the day and we made our way to Albert Harbor which was
+one of the old whaler’s headquarters. There are high cliffs on all sides so it is
+wonderfully well protected and the water is very deep. In the old days they used to
+bring the vessels right up to the rock slides at the foot of the cliffs and put ballast
+on.
+</p>
+<p>Then we went on further up the Inlet, which really is a broad sound mostly a dozen
+miles wide to the place where the Hudson <span class="pageNum" id="pb147">[<a href="#pb147">147</a>]</span>Bay Company’s post is. Right next to the Post is the detachment of the Royal Canadian
+Mounted Police. The Police have a barracks and a store house, and the H.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;C. about
+the same, with a store too. Then down along the beach are a dozen little shacks and
+some sod houses, the homes of the natives who live there. But most of the Eskimos
+in that part of the country live far away from the post, in villages out where the
+hunting is better.
+</p>
+<p>There were six white men, three of the Police and three H.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;C. Maurice Timbury was
+the constable in charge for the Police and George Dunn is the factor at the H.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;C.
+Everyone was most awfully nice to us and they gave us a grand time. We had dinner
+with the Police and then a dance at the H.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;C. house, which was very lively and
+lots of fun. The music was a Victrola and the Eskimos came in and danced. Also Nette,
+the Greenland girl whom we are taking <span class="pageNum" id="pb148">[<a href="#pb148">148</a>]</span>around to Holsteinsborg, was quite the belle of the ball. She dances well and Dr.
+Rasmussen is a great dancer.
+</p>
+<p>The Eskimos here in Baffin Land seem to be much different from those in Greenland.
+The women tattoo their faces and wear different sorts of clothes. Just there at the
+Post, where they get lots of white men’s things, the native clothing isn’t seen much
+and I don’t believe that so much “store” food is so very good for them. Anyway, the
+crowd I saw seemed sort of puny and soft compared with the fine husky fellows we had
+been seeing on the other side of Baffin Bay. The kayaks over here seemed bigger and
+wider than those of the Greenland Eskimos.
+</p>
+<p>The meat from the walrus we had killed up on Jones Sound we brought to Pond’s Inlet
+and gave it to the natives there. They seemed very pleased, for it is fine dog food
+and they do not get walrus in those waters any more. In return for our gifts some
+women <span class="pageNum" id="pb149">[<a href="#pb149">149</a>]</span>came on board and finished fleshing off the walrus and seal skins which we had not
+done yet. Then they were salted some more and put in barrels and headed up to go back
+to the Museum. It was a terrible job to get the grease off the decks and for a few
+days after they were as slippery as a skating rink.
+</p>
+<p>We went down to some old Eskimo winter houses, or stone igloos a mile or so from the
+Station. They were very old and were used by a people so many years ago that the present
+Eskimos don’t know anything about them and believe that they were quite a different
+race. Dr. Rasmussen says that from the things found in this old village, compared
+with others that have been studied, the people lived there probably about a thousand
+years ago and in some places even earlier and about the time the Norsemen first came
+to Greenland in the year one thousand and later.
+</p>
+<p>These old Eskimo stone igloos are built in <span class="pageNum" id="pb150">[<a href="#pb150">150</a>]</span>a circle, mostly about fifteen feet or a little more across. There is a small outer
+room which is the entrance hall, chiefly to keep the inner place warmer. It is so
+low that they must have had to creep in on their hands and knees. After creeping in
+there seems to be a kind of step up into the inner room. The main room, I guess, was
+about five feet high, with a raised platform all around it a couple of feet above
+the central floor which is just a sort of small square in the middle.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p150width" id="p150"><img src="images/p150.jpg" alt="Dr. Rasmussen Shows David an Ancient Eskimo Harpoon Head." width="720" height="552"><p class="figureHead">Dr. Rasmussen Shows David an Ancient Eskimo Harpoon Head.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>In one corner of the raised part, usually near the door, the cooking was done. The
+platform at the back was used for sleeping, and it is all built up very neatly with
+flat stones, the walls made of stone and turf and whale bone. The roof was flat rock
+and bone. In some places whale ribs seem to have been used as rafters to support the
+walls and perhaps the ceiling. They certainly must have been very warm and strong
+houses. I forgot to say that they really are partly <span class="pageNum" id="pb151">[<a href="#pb151">151</a>]</span>under ground, for the floor level is usually a couple of feet lower than the level
+of the outer ground.
+</p>
+<p>We did some digging around these houses and at some of the old graves. And the next
+day Dad and I and Dan went with Mr. Gall and his assistant, Abraham Ford of Labrador,
+in their motor boat twelve miles along the Inlet to some other old houses.
+</p>
+<p>We found a few very nice things like spear heads and snow knives made of bone and
+ivory, harpoon handles and a little cup or dish carved out of bone. Later on Dad got
+from some of the white men the things they had collected so that altogether we got
+together quite a fine lot of very interesting things. And many of them really came
+from the “stone age” of these people, when they made everything they had from stone,
+like flint arrowheads, or from bone or ivory.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p151width" id="p151"><img src="images/p151.jpg" alt="Two Arctic Hare from Pond’s Inlet." width="608" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Two Arctic Hare from Pond’s Inlet.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>It is quite wonderful to know that with these very primitive weapons which they <span class="pageNum" id="pb152">[<a href="#pb152">152</a>]</span>made themselves they were able to kill the huge sperm whales. Yet of course they did,
+for their houses are surrounded with the bones. And in the old times these waters
+surely were just full of whale, walrus, seal and narwhal.
+</p>
+<p>Timbury and the two other constables, Murray and Dunn, went with us in the afternoon
+hunting for Arctic hare. We saw one but couldn’t get near enough because one of the
+dogs had followed and would chase it every time we got in sight. Ed shot one duck
+and I shot two on a little lake about two miles from the settlement. We didn’t know
+how to get them so Ed took off his clothes and waded out in the icy water up to his
+armpits and got them.
+</p>
+<p>Here at Pond’s Inlet, by the way, is the most northerly radio station in the world.
+Both the Police and H.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;C. have a short wave receiving set, and the Police also
+have a low power sending set, which I guess doesn’t <span class="pageNum" id="pb153">[<a href="#pb153">153</a>]</span>work very well. In Mr. Gall’s house we were interested to see our old friends the
+Eveready Batteries which he uses entirely. Dad arranged with them to have a special
+program, for a few minutes anyway, on the Eveready hour later in November, if it could
+be fixed up. That is, he wanted to have part of a program of broadcasting in New York
+arranged so that it would be directed right at Pond’s Inlet and they up there could
+hear Dad in New York talking to them.
+</p>
+<p>When we left the settlement it was so windy and rough that we stopped at Albert Harbor
+again. Art and Ed and I went ashore on the steep rocky island to look for hares. We
+climbed the first hill and saw a lot of sign but no hares.
+</p>
+<p>“There’s one!” All of a sudden Art called out. “Over there by the big rock. Dave,
+you sneak over behind that pile of rocks and Ed and I will stay here and attract his
+attention.”
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb154">[<a href="#pb154">154</a>]</span></p>
+<p>I crept slowly toward the side of the hill and when I was out of sight of the hare
+I ran for all I was worth and then slowed down and looked carefully over the top.
+There he was, about sixty yards away, looking at Art and Ed.
+</p>
+<p>I aimed in a hurry and shot and he tumbled right over in his tracks. The twenty-two
+bullet went right through his shoulders and into his heart and out the other side.
+We saw that his back was a light greyish color and that he was a lot bigger than the
+largest American rabbits. In winter, I’m told, they get pure white.
+</p>
+<p>We chased another all over the place and almost lost him. Just by luck I had gone
+around the other way from the others and saw his ears sticking up a long way off.
+I whistled to make him stand up, but when he did I missed and he started running.
+I shot at him on the run and with a lot of luck got him right through the hips and
+backbone. He <span class="pageNum" id="pb155">[<a href="#pb155">155</a>]</span>was larger than the first one, and pure white.
+</p>
+<p>We tried some others but with no luck. It was about ten o’clock when we got back to
+the boat, and almost dark. Beginning here at Pond’s Inlet we have had our first real
+nights. The sun sets and for some hours it gets dark.
+</p>
+<p>Anyway, I asked Dad to send a radio message to Mother telling her that I am fixing
+up a couple of nice Arctic hare skins for her, to make a collar or something out of.
+And Fred is showing me how to make powder puffs out of the tails.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e2082width xd33e2082"><img src="images/p155.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="402" height="260"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb156">[<a href="#pb156">156</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="ch15" class="div1 last-child chapter"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#xd33e413">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divHead">
+<div class="figure"><img src="images/p156.png" alt="CHAPTER XV" width="469" height="149"></div>
+<h2 class="label">CHAPTER XV</h2>
+<h2 class="main">MORE BEARS</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="first">September second we were working down the eastern coast of Baffin Island, intending
+to cross over Baffin Bay toward Holsteinsborg to get the Hobbs party. There was no
+ice to speak of, only a few scattered bergs, and the weather continued to be pretty
+nice, sunny and quite warm, which was very unusual for this time of year.
+</p>
+<p>Just at seven o’clock in the morning Dad woke me up and said that there were three
+bears on a small berg near us. Ralph and Jim, the same watch that discovered the first
+bear, had seen them. All hands turned out so we would not miss the fun.
+</p>
+<p>Carl was getting his rope ready while Art <span class="pageNum" id="pb157">[<a href="#pb157">157</a>]</span>got out his bow and arrows for the hunt. No guns were to be used. Dad wanted to have
+this entirely a stunt for the bow and the roping, and for motion pictures. Kellerman
+had his two big motion picture cameras on deck, and a good many of the crowd were
+using their still cameras. Also Bob Peary had a small movie camera but he was on watch
+in the engine room so I ran it for him the best I could!
+</p>
+<p>The <i>Morrissey</i> went right up close to the berg and we got a lot of pictures. There was a big mother
+bear and two cubs which had been born about February, they told me. They were pretty
+big and husky and weighed probably more than 150 pounds each. It was queer to see
+the bear away out here in the water, nearly twenty miles from land. But later Mr.
+Rasmussen told us often they travel hundreds of miles almost all the way in the water.
+Swimming seems to be about as easy for them as walking. Cap’n Bob <span class="pageNum" id="pb158">[<a href="#pb158">158</a>]</span>has found them swimming away down off the Labrador.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p158width" id="p158"><img src="images/p158.jpg" alt="The Polar Bears on the Iceberg." width="720" height="517"><p class="figureHead">The Polar Bears on the Iceberg.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>As we got close the old bear walked right down to the water’s edge with the two cubs
+following. We headed away from the berg and swung around to leeward to let them calm
+down. That seemed to satisfy them. Perhaps they thought the ship was just a big dirty
+piece of ice.
+</p>
+<p>Anyway, they went back up on the ice and settled down. The two cubs lay down close
+to the mother, and Harry, looking through the glasses, said he could see that they
+were getting their breakfast.
+</p>
+<p>When we came close again for Art to get a bow and arrow shot the old bear got really
+worried and made for the water. They swam off in a row that looked like three butter
+balls, the old one first and the two little ones trailing. They are not really quite
+white, but seem to be sort of yellowish, almost butter color, especially when just
+their heads <span class="pageNum" id="pb159">[<a href="#pb159">159</a>]</span>show in the water. Their black noses show out more than anything and their eyes.
+</p>
+<p>We came within thirty feet of them in the <i>Morrissey</i> two or three times, taking pictures. The mother bear would turn around and growl
+at us, and sort of grunt to the children to hustle along and get away from this strange
+creature that was following them.
+</p>
+<p>We wanted to get them back on the berg, if possible, so we put a dory over with Carl
+in it and rowed by Ralph and Joe, to try to herd them toward the ice again. Several
+times after a lot of trouble they got them headed back near the ice but they wouldn’t
+go up on it again. It was a queer game of tag.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p159width" id="p159"><img src="images/p159.jpg" alt="The Polar Bear and Her Two Cubs Swim Away from the Berg." width="639" height="717"><p class="figureHead">The Polar Bear and Her Two Cubs Swim Away from the Berg.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>In the meantime Jim on board was working on a rough cage for the cubs because Dad
+had decided to get them alive if it were possible to take them home to the Bronx Zoo
+at New York. At first they were going to let me shoot one as I did want to get a bear
+quite <span class="pageNum" id="pb160">[<a href="#pb160">160</a>]</span>by myself. But I agreed that it would be a lot better to get them alive if possible.
+It happens that in 1910 Cap’n Bob up right near here captured the huge polar bear
+that has been at the Zoo ever since, “Silver King.” He died last year.
+</p>
+<p>Art got out on the bowsprit with his bow and arrows and a file with which he gave
+the big two-inch steel blades of the arrows a last sharpening.
+</p>
+<p>Kellerman, at his camera, asked Art if he was ready. Art said he was all ready. So
+Cap’n Bob took the vessel right up close to them again. The first time Art couldn’t
+shoot because one of the cubs was swimming almost on top of the big bear. So we made
+another circle and came up on them again. It was a lot of trouble, because there was
+quite a rough swell and for the camera fixed up at the bow on the starboard side you
+had to get the vessel into position pretty exactly.
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb161">[<a href="#pb161">161</a>]</span></p>
+<p>Art fired his big bow. By the way, it’s got about a ninety-five pound pull which means
+it’s all a very strong man can do to even get the string back and the bow bent, far
+less aim it and all that. I can’t even bend the bow half way. I’ve seen Art put the
+arrows through two-inch planks of soft wood.
+</p>
+<p>The first two arrows hit the big bear in the back. It was a hard mark, just the neck
+and a bit of body showing in the water, and Art standing in a mean place on the bowsprit,
+and the boat rolling a good deal.
+</p>
+<p>The bear turned around and roared and sort of cuffed at one of the cubs who was close.
+On the next circle Art used two more arrows and I guess one went into her pretty deep.
+She bled a lot and her head went under the water. Then she came up and kind of rubbed
+noses with the cubs and then her head dropped again. She was dead. And I guess it
+was the first time a polar bear ever has been killed with a bow and arrow, certainly
+since <span class="pageNum" id="pb162">[<a href="#pb162">162</a>]</span>the days when the Eskimos used primitive weapons.
+</p>
+<p>The cubs stayed around the body until Carl in the dory came up close. Then they swam
+off, barking like a whole kennel of dogs. We hoisted the big bear on board and covered
+her with a tarp. Then we started after the cubs, and it was about the most exciting
+thing I think I have ever seen, and an awful lot of fun.
+</p>
+<p>Carl sort of wedged himself up in the bow of the dory, which was bobbing around a
+lot in the swell, and the men rowed him towards the cubs as the <i>Morrissey</i> worked in close where Kel could get the pictures.
+</p>
+<p>The very first shot Carl got his bear. He swung his rope about his head in the air
+and let it go. The noose fell as fine as could be right around the cub’s head. It
+was a great show. The folks back in Pendleton, Oregon, who sent us that rope for Carl
+would have been tickled to death. And right there <span class="pageNum" id="pb163">[<a href="#pb163">163</a>]</span>Dad said we would call one of the cubs “Cowboy.” The first one was to be named “Cap’n
+Bob.”
+</p>
+<p>The little bear didn’t know what had happened until they began pulling him in. Then
+he commenced growling and snarling and barking. When Carl got him alongside the dory
+he chewed at the rope and scratched and tore at the boat and at Carl and tried to
+climb aboard. He certainly was full of fight. One clean swipe from his claw would
+be enough to rip an arm off, I suppose. Carl wore heavy gloves and leather wristlets.
+</p>
+<p>When the bear tried to climb in Carl would bat him in the face with his hand or pry
+his paws off the gunwale. He bit at Carl and was real snooty. It was a great party.
+After a while, when he had towed the dory about a bit, Carl managed to get a rope
+sling down around his body behind his shoulders, and with this he was hoisted aboard
+with a tackle.
+</p>
+<p>Coming up and on deck he bit everything <span class="pageNum" id="pb164">[<a href="#pb164">164</a>]</span>he could get at and tried to tear the sails he reached, and generally raised Ned.
+We hoisted him up in the air and with a smaller rope sort of led and dragged him forward
+to the cage which was on the port side of the ship by the bow. We had to lift him
+over the jumbo and lower him on the other side into the entrance of his cage.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p164width" id="p164"><img src="images/p164.jpg" alt="Carl and One of the Polar Bear Cubs He Roped." width="720" height="526"><p class="figureHead">Carl and One of the Polar Bear Cubs He Roped.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>On the way he knocked down the galley stove pipe. Then we put a line around one of
+his front paws and then put the line under the bottom of the cage and pulled down
+on it for all we were worth. We got his head down in that way and then we all had
+to push his hind quarters. After about half an hour we had him in the cage.
+</p>
+<p>Then Carl went out and roped the other cub, who had swam away about a quarter of a
+mile. This one we got over on top of the cage all right but then when Will was standing
+up leaning on the jumbo boom the bear jumped right up at him and Will just got away
+in time. <span class="pageNum" id="pb165">[<a href="#pb165">165</a>]</span>The bear landed just where he had been. It was very close. We got him in the cage
+the same as the other one.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure p165width" id="p165"><img src="images/p165.jpg" alt="Art Young and the Bear He Killed with Bow and Arrow." width="507" height="720"><p class="figureHead">Art Young and the Bear He Killed with Bow and Arrow.</p>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+<p>We gave them a duck and to our surprise they ate it all up in a minute. It is very
+unusual for an animal to eat so soon after he is in captivity. They must have been
+pretty hungry on that berg. We thought we would see how they liked the dog food we
+had on board, in cans. It’s called Ken-l-Rations and is pretty good stuff even for
+men. The Eskimos North liked it a lot. Well, our bears just loved it. They actually
+will bite chunks of it off a big spoon which Carl holds through the side of the cage.
+Dad has asked him to look after “Cap’n Bob” and “Cowboy.”
+</p>
+<hr class="tb"><p>
+</p>
+<p>And that really ended the expedition. Of course there was plenty more, and it was
+a month before we got home.
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e2170width"><img src="images/p166.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="449" height="353"></div><p>
+</p>
+<p>After getting the bear cubs we went across Baffin Bay to Holsteinsborg and picked
+up the <span class="pageNum" id="pb166">[<a href="#pb166">166</a>]</span>Hobbs party. Then we started home. And the first day out we dropped our tail shaft
+and propeller, a third of the way across Davis Strait. That meant we had to go the
+rest of the distance to Sydney without any engine. We made those 1400 miles with sails
+alone, and we had a couple of grand gales and a real hard time getting through Belle
+Isle Straits and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, what with fogs and head winds. It took
+15 days of sailing. But it was sort of a fine way to finish up a trip <span class="pageNum" id="pb167">[<a href="#pb167">167</a>]</span>on a vessel which was really meant for sails alone before we put in the engine.
+</p>
+<p>And this, now that I’m back from Greenland, I’m writing on the <i>Morrissey</i> as we’re in sight of Cape Breton Island. And it all will be sent down by railroad
+from Sydney and perhaps the little book will be about ready by the time we’re back
+home—which is a pretty good place to be!
+</p>
+<p></p>
+<div class="figure xd33e2184width xd33e2184"><img src="images/p167.png" alt="" data-role="presentation" width="261" height="198"></div><p>
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb169">[<a href="#pb169">169</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="back">
+<div class="div1 advertisement"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first center"><i>Any boy or girl or grown-up who has enjoyed this book will want to read</i>
+</p>
+<p class="center xxl"><a class="pglink xd33e48" title="Link to Project Gutenberg ebook" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74551">David<br>
+Goes Voyaging</a>
+</p>
+<p>That’s the story of David’s journey with the <i>Arcturus</i> Expedition to the Galapagos Islands on the Equator—volcanoes, sea-lions, pirates,
+lost treasure, sharks, harpooning n’everything! Really a bully book written by David
+when he was 12 years old.
+</p>
+<p>“David Goes Voyaging” is a book just like this one. The price is $1.75. Get it at
+your bookstore or send to the publishers (10 cents extra for postage).
+</p>
+<p>
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="large">G.&nbsp;P. Putnam’s Sons</span><br>
+2 West 45th Street<br>
+New York City
+<span class="pageNum" id="pb170">[<a href="#pb170">170</a>]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="center"><i>Another bully book for boys and girls, written by a boy!</i>
+</p>
+<p class="center xxl">Deric in Mesa Verde
+</p>
+<p>is a boy’s record of his life in Mesa Verde National Park, out in the cliff-dwellers’
+country of Southern Colorado.
+</p>
+<p>Deric himself is just thirteen years old. His father, the superintendent of the Park,
+is an archaeologist, and his mother a student and lover of the fascinating country
+in which they live. So Deric from the beginning has had rare opportunity to soak up
+understandingly the unusual interests of his environment.
+</p>
+<p>Here is his own story in his own words. It’s full of the lore of yesterday and the
+lure of today—exploring and treasure-hunting finds and adventures, Indians, wild animals,
+folk-lore, bird-nesting. A book to delight boys and girls and grown-ups. With many
+photographs and sketches. Price $1.75—Postage 10 cents.
+</p>
+<p>
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="large">G.&nbsp;P. Putnam’s Sons</span><br>
+2 West 45th Street<br>
+New York City
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 endsheet"><span class="pageNum">[<a title="Go to the table of contents" href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span><div class="divBody">
+<p class="first"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop cellBottom">
+<div class="figure endsheet1width"><img src="images/endsheet1.png" alt="The left-hand side of a map of Northern Canada, Greenland, and the North Atlantic." width="487" height="720"></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop cellBottom">
+<div class="figure endsheet2width endsheet2"><img src="images/endsheet2.png" alt="the right-hand side of a map of Northern Canada, Greenland, and the North Atlantic." width="465" height="720"></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div><p>
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="transcriberNote">
+<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2>
+<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>2025-01-31 Started.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3>
+<p>The following 4 corrections have been applied to the text:</p>
+<table class="correctionTable">
+<tr>
+<th>Page</th>
+<th>Source</th>
+<th>Correction</th>
+<th>Edit distance</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd33e933">13</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">Kadiak</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">Kodiak</td>
+<td class="bottom">1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd33e1424">78</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">gasolene</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">gasoline</td>
+<td class="bottom">1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd33e1546">91</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">Aupilagtok</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">Augpilagtok</td>
+<td class="bottom">1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd33e1613">96</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">or</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom" lang="en">for</td>
+<td class="bottom">1</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75370 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #75370 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/75370)