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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/7219-0.txt b/7219-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a4967f --- /dev/null +++ b/7219-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1131 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Wei Liao Zi (Military Science of Wei Liao +Zi), by Wei Liao + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Wei Liao Zi (Military Science of Wei Liao Zi) + +Author: Wei Liao + +Posting Date: May 8, 2009 [EBook #7219] +Release Date: January, 2005 +First Posted: March 27, 2003 + +Language: Chinese + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEI LIAO ZI (MILITARY SCIENCE) *** + + + + +Produced by Wan Ting Gong + + + + + + + + +Wei Liao Zi (Military Science Of Wei Liao Zi) + +by Wei Liao + + + +The original Chinese: + +尉繚子 + + +尉繚 + + + +天官第一 + + +梁惠王問尉繚子曰:『黃帝刑德,可以百勝,有之乎?』尉繚子對曰:『 +刑以伐之,德以守之,非所謂天官時日陰陽向背也。黃帝者,人事而已矣 +。 + +『今有城,東西攻不能取;南北攻不能取;四方豈無順時乘之者耶?然不 +能取者,城高池深,兵器備具,財穀多積,豪士一謀者也。若城下池淺守 +弱,則取之矣。由此觀之,天官時日不若人事也。 + +『按天官曰:「背水陣為絕地,向阪陣為廢軍。」武王伐紂,背濟水向山 +阪而陣,以二萬二千五百人,擊紂之億萬而滅商,豈紂不得天官之陣哉! + +『楚將公子心與齊人戰,時有彗星出,柄在齊。柄所在勝,不可擊。公子 +心曰:「彗星何知?以彗鬥者固倒而勝焉。」明日與齊戰,大破之。 +『黃帝曰:「先神先鬼,先稽我智。」謂之天官人事而已。』 + + + +兵談第二 + + +量土地肥墝而立邑,建城稱地,以城稱人,以人稱粟。三相稱,則內可以 +固守,外可以戰勝。戰勝於外,備主於內,勝備相用,猶合符節,無異故 +也。 + +治兵者,若秘於地,若邃於天,生於無,故關之。大不窕,小不恢,明乎 +禁舍開塞,民流者親之。地不任者任之。夫土廣而任則國富,民眾而制則 +國治。富治者,民不發軔,甲不出暴,而威制天下。故曰:「兵勝於朝廷 +。」不暴甲而勝者,主勝也;陣而勝者,將勝也。 + +兵起,非可以忿也,見勝則興,不見勝則止。患在百里之內,不起一日之 +師;患在千里之內,不起一月之師;患在四海之內,不起一歲之師。 + +將者,上不制於天,下不制於地,中不制於人,寬不可激而怒,清不可事 +以財。夫心狂、目盲、耳聾,以三悖率人者難矣。 + +兵之所及,羊腸亦勝,鋸齒亦勝,緣山亦勝,入谷亦勝,方亦勝,員亦勝 +。重者如山、如林、如江、如河,輕者如炮、如燔、如垣壓之,如雲覆之 +,令人聚不得以散,散不得以聚,左不得以右,右不得以左。兵如總木, +弩如羊角,人人無不騰陵張膽,絕乎疑慮,堂堂決而去。 + + + +制談第三 + + +凡兵,制必先定,制先定則士不亂,士不亂則形乃明。金鼓所指,則百人 +盡鬥。陷行亂陣,則千人盡鬥。覆軍殺將,則萬人齊刃。天下莫能當其戰 +矣。 + +古者,士有什伍,車有偏列,鼓鳴旂麾,先登者未嘗非多力國士也,先死 +者亦未嘗非多力國士也。 + +損敵一人,而損我百人,此資敵而傷甚焉,世將不能禁。征役分軍而逃歸 +,或臨戰自北,則逃傷甚焉,世將不能禁。殺人於百步之外者弓矢也,殺 +人於五十步之內者矛戟也,將已鼓而士卒相囂,拗矢折矛抱戟,利後發, +戰,有此數者,內自敗也,世將不能禁。士失什伍,車失偏列,奇兵捐將 +而走,大眾亦走,世將不能禁。夫將能禁此四者,則高山陵之,深水絕之 +,堅陣犯之。不能禁此四者,猶亡舟楫,絕江河,不可得也。 + +民非樂死而惡生也,號令明,法制審,故能使之前。明賞於前,決罰於後 +,是以發能中利,動則有功。 + +令百人一卒,千人一司馬,萬人一將,以少誅眾,以弱誅強。試聽臣言, +其術足使三軍之眾,誅一人無失刑,父不敢舍子,子不敢舍父,況國人乎 +? + +一賊仗劍擊於市,萬人無不避之者,臣謂:「非一人之獨勇,萬人皆不肖 +也」。何則?「必死與必生,固不侔也。」聽臣之術,足使三軍之眾為一 +死賊,莫當其前,莫隨其後,而能獨出獨入焉。獨出獨入者,王伯之兵也 +。 + +有提九萬之眾,而天下莫能當者,誰?曰:「桓公也。」有提七萬之眾, +而天下莫敢當者,誰?曰:「吳起也。」有提三萬之眾,而天下莫敢當者 +,誰?曰:「武子也。」今天下諸國士所率無不及二十萬眾者,然不能濟 +功名者,不明乎禁舍開塞也。明其制,一人勝之,則十人亦以勝之也。十 +人勝之,則百千萬人亦以勝之也。故曰:「便吾器用,養吾武勇,發之如 +鳥擊,如赴千仞之谿。」 + +今國被患者,以重幣出聘,以愛子出質,以地界出割,得天下助,卒名為 +十萬,其實不過數萬爾。其兵來者,無不謂將者曰:「無為人下,先戰。 +」其實不可得而戰也。 + +量吾境內之民,無伍莫能正矣。經制十萬之眾,而王必能使之衣吾衣,食 +吾食。戰不勝,守不固者,非吾民之罪,內自致也。天下諸國助我戰,猶 +良驥騄耳之駃,彼駑馬鬐興角逐,何能紹吾後哉? + +吾用天下之用為用,吾制天下之制為制,修吾號令,明吾刑賞,使天下非 +農所得食,非戰無所得爵,使民揚臂爭出農、戰,而天下無敵矣。故曰: +「發號出令,信行國內。」 + +民言有可以勝敵者,毋許其空言,必試其能戰也。 + +視人之地而有之,分人之民而畜之,必能內有其賢者也。不能內有其賢, +而欲有天下,必覆軍殺將。如此,雖戰勝而國益弱,得地而國益貧,由國 +中之制弊矣。 + + + +戰威第四 + + +凡兵,有以道勝,有以威勝,有以力勝。講武料敵,使敵之氣失而師散, +雖形全而不為之用,此道勝也。審法制,明賞罰,便器用,使民有必戰之 +心,此威勝也。破軍殺將,乘闉發機,潰眾奪地,成功乃返,此力勝也。 +王侯如此,所以三勝者畢矣。 + +夫將之所以戰者民也,民之所以戰者氣也。氣實則鬥,氣奪則走。 + +刑未加,兵未接,而所以奪敵者五:一曰廟勝之論;二曰受命之論;三曰 +踰垠之論;四曰深溝高壘之論;五曰舉陣加刑之論。此五者,先料敵而後 +動,是以擊虛奪之也。 + +善用兵者,能奪人而不奪於人。奪者心之機也,令者一眾心也。眾不審則 +數變,數變則令雖出眾不信矣。 + +故令之之法,小過無更,小疑無申。故上無疑令,則眾不二聽,動無疑事 +,則眾不二志,未有不信其心而能得其力者也,未有不得其力而能致其死 +戰者也。 + +故國必有禮、信、親、愛之義,則可以飢易飽;國必有孝、慈、廉、恥之 +俗,則可以死易生。古者率民必先禮信而後爵祿,先廉恥而後刑罰, +先親愛而後律其身。 + +故戰者必本乎率身以勵眾士,如心之使四肢也。志不勵則士不死節,士不 +死節則眾不戰。 + +勵士之道,民之生不可不厚也。爵列之等,死喪之親,民之所營不可不顯 +也。必也因民所生而制之,因民所營而顯之,田祿之實,飲食之親,鄉里 +相勸,死喪相救,兵役相從,此民之所勵也。 + +使什伍如親戚,卒伯如朋友。止如堵牆,動如風雨,車不結轍,士不旋踵 +,此本戰之道也。 + +地所以養民也,城所以守地也,戰所以守城也,故務耕者民不飢,務守者 +地不危,務戰者城不圍。三者,先王之本務也,本務者兵最急。 + +故先王專務於兵,有五焉,委積不多則士不行;賞祿不厚則民不勸;武士 +不選則眾不強;器用不便則力不壯;刑罰不中則眾不畏。務此五者,靜能 +守其所固,動能成其所欲。 + +夫以居攻出,則居欲重,陣欲堅,發欲畢,鬥欲齊。 + +王國富民,伯國富士,謹存之國富大夫,亡國富食府,所謂上滿下漏,患 +無所救。 + +故曰:「舉賢任能,不時日而事利;明法審令,不卜筮而事吉;貴功養勞 +,不禱祠而得福。」又曰:「天時不如地利,地利不如人和。」聖人所貴 +,人事而已。 + +夫勤勞之師,將必先己,暑不張蓋,寒不重衣,險必下步,軍井成而後飲 +,軍食熟而後飯,軍壘成而後舍,勞佚必以身同之。如此,則師雖久,而 +不老不弊。 + + + +攻權第五 + + +兵以靜勝,國以專勝。 + +力分者弱,心疑者背。夫力弱故進退不豪,縱敵不擒,將吏士卒動靜一身 +。心既疑背,則計決而不動,動決而不禁,異口虛言。將無修容,卒無常 +試,發攻必衄,是謂疾陵之兵,無足與鬥。 + +將帥者心也,群下者支節也。其心動以誠,則支節必力;其心動以疑,則 +支節必背。夫將不心制,卒不節動,雖勝幸勝也,非攻權也。 + +夫民無兩畏也,畏我侮敵,畏敵侮我。見侮者敗,立威者勝。凡將能其道 +者,吏畏其將也;吏畏其將者,民畏其吏也;民畏其吏者,敵畏其民也。 +是故,知勝敗之道者,必先知畏侮之權。 + +夫不愛悅其心者,不我用也;不嚴畏其心者,不我舉也。愛在下順,威在 +上立,愛故不二,威故不犯。故善將者,愛與威而已。 + +戰不必勝,不可以言戰;攻不必拔,不可以言攻。不然雖刑賞不足信也。 +信在期前,事在未兆,故眾已聚不虛散,兵出不徒歸,求敵若求亡子,擊 +敵若救溺人。 + +分險者無戰心,挑戰者無全氣,鬥戰者無勝兵。凡挾義而戰者,貴從我起 +,爭私結怨,應不得已。怨結雖起,待之貴後,故爭必當待之,息必當備 +之。 + +兵有勝於朝廷,有勝於原野,有勝於市井,鬥則得,服則失,幸以不敗, +此不意彼驚懼而曲勝之也。曲勝,言非全也。非全勝者,無權名。故明主 +戰攻日,合鼓合角,節以兵刃,不求勝而勝也。 + +兵有去備徹威而勝者,以其有法故也。有器用之蚤定也,其應敵也周,其 +總率也極。故五人而伍,十人而什,百人而卒,千人而率,萬人而將,已 +周已極,其朝死則朝代,暮死則暮代,權敵審將,而後舉兵。 + +故凡集兵千里者旬日,百里者一日,必集敵境。卒聚將至,深入其地,錯 +絕其道,棲其大城大邑,使之登城逼危,男女數重,各逼地形,而攻要塞 +。據一城邑,而數道絕,從而攻之,敵將帥不能信,吏卒不能和,刑有所 +不從者,則我敗之矣。敵救未至,而一城已降。 + +津梁未發,要塞未修,城險未設,渠答未張,則雖有城無守矣。遠堡未入 +,戍客未歸,則雖有人無人矣。六畜未聚,五穀未收,財用未歛,則雖有 +資無資矣。夫城邑空虛而資盡者,我因其虛而攻之。法曰:「獨出獨入, +敵不接刃而致之。」此之謂矣。 + + + +守權第六 + + +凡守者,進不郭圉,退不亭障,以禦戰非善者也。豪傑雄俊,堅甲利兵, +勁弩強矢,盡在郭中,乃收窖廩,毀拆而入保,令客氣十百倍,而主之氣 +不半焉。敵攻者,傷之甚也,然而世將弗能知。 + +夫守者,不失險者也。守法,城一丈十人守之,工食不與焉。出者不守, +守者不出,一而當十,十而當百,百而當千,千而當萬,故為城郭者,非 +特費於民聚土壤也。誠為守也。 + +千丈之城則萬人守之,池深而廣,城堅而厚,士民備,薪食給,弩堅矢強 +,矛戟稱之,此守法也。 + +攻者不下十餘萬之眾,其有必救之軍者,則有必守之城;無必救之軍者, +無必守之城。 + +若彼城堅而救誠,則愚夫愚婦無不蔽城,盡資血城者。期年之城,守餘於 +攻者,救餘於守者。若彼城堅而救不誠,則愚夫愚婦無不守陴而泣下,此 +人之常情也,遂發其窖廩救撫,則亦不能止矣。必鼓其豪傑雄俊,堅甲利 +兵,勁弩強矢并於前,么麼毀瘠者并於後。 + +十萬之軍頓於城下,救必開之,守必出之。出據要塞,但救其後,無絕其 +糧道,中外相應。 + +此救而示之不誠,示之不誠,則倒敵而待之者也。後其壯,前其老,彼敵 +無前,守不得而止矣,此守權之謂也。 + + + +十二陵第七 + + +威在於不變;惠在於因時;機在於應事;戰在於治氣;攻在於意表;守在 +於外飾;無過在於度數;無困在於豫備;謹在於畏小;智在於治大;除害 +在於果斷;得眾在於下人。 + +悔在於任疑;孽在於屠戮;偏在於多私;不詳在於惡聞己過;不度在於竭 +民財;不明在於受間;不實在於輕發;固陋在於離質;禍在於好利;害在 +於親小人;亡在於無所守;危在於無號令。 + + + +武議第八 + + +凡兵不攻無過之城,不殺無罪之人。夫殺人之父兄,利人之財貨,臣妾人 +之子女,此皆盜也。故兵者所以誅亂禁不義也。兵之所加者,農不離其田 +業,賈不離其肆宅,士大夫不離其官府,由其武議在於一人,故兵不血刃 +,而天下親焉。 + +萬乘農戰,千乘救守,百乘事養。農戰不外索權,救守不外索助,事養不 +外索資。 + +夫出不足戰,入不足守者,治之以市。市者,所以給戰守也。萬乘無千乘 +之助,必有百乘之市。 + +凡誅者所以明武也,殺一人而三軍震者,殺之。殺一人而萬人喜者,殺之 +。殺之貴大,賞之貴小,當殺而雖貴重必殺之,是刑上究也。賞及牛童馬 +圉者,是賞下流也。夫能刑上究賞下流,此將之武也,故人主重將。 + +夫將提鼓揮枹,臨難決戰,接兵角刃,鼓之而當,則賞功立名,鼓之而不 +當,則身死國亡。是存亡安危在於枹端,奈何無重將也。 + +夫提鼓揮枹,接兵角刃,居以武事成功者,臣以為非難也。古人曰:「無 +蒙衝而攻,無渠答而守。是謂無善之軍。視無見,聽無聞,由國無市也。 +夫市也者,百貨之官也,市賤賣貴,以限士人。人食粟一斗,馬食菽三斗 +,人有飢色,馬有瘠形,何也?市有所出,而官無主也。夫提天下之節制 +,而無百貨之官,無謂其能戰也。 + +起兵,直使甲冑生蟣蝨,必為吾所效用也。鷙鳥逐雀,有襲人之懷,入人 +之室者,非出生也,後有憚也。 + +太公望年七十,屠牛朝歌,賣食盟津,過七十餘而主不聽,人人謂之狂夫 +也。及遇文王,則提三萬之眾,一戰而天下定,非武議安得此合也。故曰 +:「良馬有策,遠道可致;賢士有合,大道可明。」 + +武王伐紂,師渡盟津,右旄左鉞,死士三百,戰士三萬。紂之陳億萬,飛 +廉、惡來身先戟斧,陳開百里。武王不罷市民,兵不血刃,而克商誅紂, +無祥異也,人事修不修而然也。 + +今世將考孤虛,占咸池,合龜兆,視吉凶,觀星辰風雲之變,欲以成勝立 +功,臣以為難。夫將者,上不制於天,下不制於地,中不制於人。故兵者 +,凶器也。爭者,逆德也。將者,死官也。故不得已而用之。 + +無天於上,無地於下,無主於後,無敵於前。一人之兵,如狼如虎,如風 +如雨,如雷如霆,震震冥冥,天下皆驚。 + +勝兵似水,夫水至柔弱者也,然所以觸,丘陵必為之崩,無異也,性專而 +觸誠也。今以莫邪之利,犀兕之堅,三軍之眾,有所奇正,則天下莫當其 +戰矣。 + +吳起與秦戰,舍不平隴畝,樸嫩蓋之,以蔽霜露,如此何也?不自高人故 +也。乞人之死不索尊,竭人之力不責禮,故古者甲冑之士不拜,示人無已 +煩也。夫煩人而欲乞其死,竭其力,自古至今,未嘗聞矣。 + +將受命之日,忘其家,張軍宿野忘其親,援枹而鼓忘其身。吳起臨戰,左 +右進劍。起曰:「將專主旗鼓爾,臨難決疑,揮兵指刃,此將事也。一劍 +之任,非將事也。」 + +三軍成行,一舍而後成三舍,三舍之餘,如決川源。望敵在前,因其所長 +而用之。敵白者堊之,赤者赭之。 + +吳起與秦戰未合,一夫不勝其勇,前獲雙首而還。吳起立命斬之。軍吏諫 +曰:「此材士也,不可斬!」起曰:「材士則是也,非吾令也。」斬之。 + + + +將理第九 + + +凡將,理官也,萬物之主也,不私於一人。夫能無私於一人,故萬物至而 +制之,萬物至而命之。 + +君子不救囚於五步之外,雖鉤兵射之,弗追也。故善審囚之情,不待菙楚 +,而囚之情可畢矣。 + +笞人之背,灼人之脅,束人之指,而訊囚之情,雖國士有不勝其酷,而自 +誣矣。 + +今世諺云:「千金不死,百金不刑。」試聽臣之術,雖有堯、舜之智,不 +能關一言;雖有萬金,不能用一銖。 + +今夫決獄,小圄不下數十,中圄不下數百,大圄不下數千。十人聯百人之 +事,百人聯千人之事,千人聯萬人之事,所聯之者,親戚兄弟也,其次婚 +姻也,其次知識故人也。是農無不離田業,賈無不離肆宅,士大夫無不離 +官府。如此關聯良民,皆囚之情也。兵法曰:「十萬之師出,日費千金。 +」今良民十萬,而聯於囹圄,上不能省,臣以為危也。 + + + +原官第十 + + +官者,事之所主,為治之本也。制者,職分四民,治之分也。貴爵富祿必 +稱,尊卑之體也。 + +好善罰惡,正比法,會計民之具也。均井地,節賦斂,取予之度也。程工 +人,備器用,匠工之功也。分地塞要,殄怪禁淫之事也。 + +守法稽斷,臣下之節也。明法稽驗,主上之操也。明主守,等輕重,臣主 +之權也。明賞賚,嚴誅責,止姦之術也。審開塞,守一道,為政之要也。 + +下達上通,至聰之聽也。知國有無之數,用其仂也。知彼弱者,強之體也 +。知彼動者,靜之決也。 + +官分文武,惟王之二術也。俎豆同制,天子之會也。遊說間諜無自入,正 +議之術也。 + +諸侯有謹天子之禮,君臣繼世,承王之命也。更造易常,違王明德,故禮 +得以伐之。官無事治,上無慶賞,民無獄訟,國無商賈,何王之至?明舉 +上達,在王垂聽也。 + + + +治本第十一 + + +凡治人者何?曰:「非五穀無以充腹,非絲麻無以蓋形。」故充腹有粒, +蓋形有縷,夫在芸耨,妻在機杼,民無二事,則有儲蓄,夫無雕文刻鏤之 +事,女無繡飾纂組之作。 + +木器液,金器腥,聖人飲於土,食於土,故埏埴以為器,天下無費。今也 +,金木之性不寒,而衣繡飾;馬牛之性食草飲水,而給菽粟。是治失其本 +,而宜設之制也。 + +春夏夫出於南畝,秋冬女練於布帛,則民不困。今短褐不蔽形,糟糠不充 +腹,失其治也。 + +古者土無肥瘠,人無勤惰,古人何得,今人何失耶?耕者不終畝,織者日 +斷機,而奈何飢寒。蓋古治之行,今治之止也。 + +夫謂治者,使民無私也。民無私,則天下為一家,無私耕私織,共寒其寒 +,共飢其飢。故如有子十人,不加一飯;有子一人,不損一飯,焉有喧呼 +酖酒以敗善類乎? + +民相輕佻,則欲心與爭奪之患起矣。橫生於一夫,則民私飯有儲食,私用 +有儲財,民一犯禁,而拘以刑治,烏有以為人上也。善政執其制,使民無 +私,則為下不敢私,則無為非者矣。 + +反本緣理,出乎一道,則欲心去,爭奪止,囹圄空,野充粟多,安民懷遠 +,外無天下之難,內無暴亂之事,治之至也。 + +蒼蒼之天,莫知其極,帝王之君,誰為法則?往世不可及,來世不可待, +求己者也。 + +所謂天子者四焉:一曰神明;二曰垂光;三曰洪敘;四曰無敵。此天子之 +事也。 + +野物不為犧牲,雜學不為通儒。今說者曰:「百里之海,不能飲一夫;三 +尺之泉,足止三軍渴。」臣謂:「欲生於無度,邪生於無禁。」 + +太上神化,其次因物,其下在於無奪民時,無損民財。夫禁必以武而成, +賞必以文而成。 + + + +戰權第十二 + + +兵法曰:「千人而成權,萬人而成武。權先加人者,敵不力交;武先加人 +者,敵無威接。」故兵貴先勝於此,則勝彼矣;弗勝於此,則弗勝彼矣。 +凡我往則彼來,彼來則我往,相為勝敗,此戰之理然也。 + +夫精誠在乎神明,戰權在乎道所極。有者無之,無者有之,安所信之。 + +先王之所傳聞者,任正去詐,存其慈順,決無留刑。故知道者,必先圖不 +知止之敗,惡在乎必往有功。輕進而求戰者,敵復圖止,我往而敵制勝矣 +。故兵法曰:「求而從之,見而加之,主人不敢當而陵之,必喪其權。」 + +凡奪者無氣,恐者不可守;敗者無人,兵無道也。意往而不疑則從之,奪 +敵者無前則加之,明視而高居則威之,兵道極矣。 + +其言無謹偷矣,其陵犯無節破矣,水潰雷擊三軍亂矣。必安其危,去其患 +,以智決之。 + +高之以廊廟之論,重之以受命之論,銳之以踰垠之論,則敵國可不戰而服 +。 + + + +重刑令第十三 + + +夫將自千人以上,有戰而北,守而降,離地逃眾,命曰「國賊」。身戮家 +殘,去其籍,發其墳墓,暴其骨於市,男女公於官。自百人以上,有戰而 +北,守而降,離地逃眾,命曰「軍賊」。身死家殘,男女公於官。使民內 +畏重刑,則外輕敵。 + +故先王明制度於前,重威刑於後。刑重則內畏,內畏則外輕矣。 + + + +伍制令第十四 + + +軍中之制,五人為伍,伍相保也。十人為什,什相保也。五十為屬,屬相 +保也。百人為閭,閭相保也。 + +伍有干令犯禁者,揭之免於罪,知而弗揭,全伍有誅。什有干令犯禁者, +揭之免於罪,知而弗揭,全什有誅。屬有干令犯禁者,揭之免於罪,知而 +弗揭,全屬有誅。閭有干令犯禁者,揭之免於罪,知而弗揭,全閭有誅。 + +吏自什長以上,至左右將,上下皆相保也。有干令犯禁者,揭之免於罪, +知而弗揭之,皆與同罪。 + +夫什伍相結,上下相聯,無有不得之姦,無有不揭之罪,父不得以私其子 +,兄不得以私其弟,而況國人聚舍同食,烏能以干令相私者哉。 + + + +分塞令第十五 + + +中軍、左、右、前、後軍,皆有分地,方之以行垣,而無通其交往。將有 +分地,帥有分地,伯有分地,皆營其溝域,而明其塞令,使非百人無得通 +。非其百人而入者伯誅之,伯不誅與之同罪。 + +軍中縱橫之道,百有二十步而立一府柱。量人與地,柱道相望,禁行清道 +,非將吏之符節,不得通行。采薪芻牧者皆成伍,不成伍者不得通行。吏 +屬無節,士無伍者,橫門誅之。踰分干地者,誅之。故內無干令犯禁,則 +外無不獲之姦。 + + + +束伍令第十六 + + +束伍之令曰:五人為伍,共一符,收於將吏之所,亡伍而得伍當之。得伍 +而不亡有賞,亡伍不得伍,身死家殘。亡長得長當之,得長不亡有賞,亡 +長不得長,身死家殘,復戰得首長,除之。亡將得將當之,得將不亡有賞 +,亡將不得將,坐離地遁逃之法。 + +戰誅之法曰:什長得誅十人,伯長得誅什長,千人之將得誅百人之長,萬 +人之將得誅千人之將,左右將軍得誅萬人之將,大將軍無不得誅。 + + + +經卒令第十七 + + +經卒者,以經令分之為三分焉:左軍蒼旂,卒戴蒼羽;右軍白旂,卒戴白 +羽;中軍黃旂,卒戴黃羽。卒有五章:前一行蒼章,次二行赤章,次三行 +黃章,次四行白章,次五行黑章。 + +次以經卒,亡章者有誅,前一五行,置章於首;次二五行,置章於項;次 +三五行,置章於胸;次四五行,置章於腹;次五五行,置章於腰。如此, +卒無非其吏,吏無非其卒,見非而不詰,見亂而不禁,其罪如之。 + +鼓行交鬥,則前行進為犯難,後行進為辱眾。踰五行而前進者有賞,踰五 +行而後者有誅,所以知進退先後,吏卒之功也。故曰:「鼓之前如霆,動 +如風雨,莫敢當其前,莫敢躡其後。」言有經也。 + + + +勒卒令第十八 + + +金、鼓、鈴、旂四者各有法。鼓之則進,重鼓則擊。金之則止,重金則退 +。鈴,傳令也。旂麾之左則左,麾之右則右,奇兵則反是。 + +一鼓一擊而左,一鼓一擊而右。一步一鼓,步鼓也。十步一鼓,趨鼓也, +音不絕,鶩鼓也。商,將鼓也。角,帥鼓也,小鼓,伯鼓也。三鼓同,則 +將、帥、伯其心一也。奇兵則反是。 + +鼓失次者有誅,喧嘩者有誅,不聽金、鼓、鈴、旂者有誅。 + +百人而教戰,教成,合之千人。千人教成,合之萬人。萬人教成,合之三 +軍。三軍之眾,有分有合,為大戰之法,教成,試之以閱。 + +方亦勝,圓亦勝,錯斜亦勝,臨險亦勝。敵在山緣而從之,敵在淵沒而從 +之,求敵如求亡子,從之無疑,故能敗敵而制其命。 + +夫蚤決先敵,若計不先定,慮不蚤決,則進退不定,疑生必敗。故正兵貴 +先,奇兵貴後,或先或後,制敵者也。世將不知法者,專命而行,先擊而 +勇,無不敗者也。 + +其舉有疑而不疑,其往有信而不信,其致有遲疾而不遲疾,是三者戰之累 +也。 + + + +將令第十九 + + +將軍受命,君必先謀於廟,行令於廷,君身以斧鉞授將曰:「左、右、中 +軍皆有分職,若踰分而上請者死,軍無二令,二令者誅。留令者誅。失令 +者誅。」 + +將軍告曰:「出國門之外,期日中設營,表置轅門,期之,如過時則坐法 +。」 + +將軍入營,即閉門清道,有敢行者誅,有敢高言者誅,有敢不從令者誅。 + + + +踵軍令第二十 + + +所謂踵軍者,去大軍百里,期於會地,為三日熟食,前軍而行,為戰合之 +表。合表,乃起踵軍,饗士,使為之戰勢,是謂趨戰者也。 + +興軍者,前踵軍而行,合表乃起,去大軍一倍其道,去踵軍百里,期於會 +地,為六日熟食,使為戰備,分卒據要害。戰利則追北,按兵而趨之。踵 +軍遇有還者誅之。所謂諸將之兵,在四奇之內者勝也。 + +兵有什伍,有分有合,豫為之職,守要塞關梁而分居之。戰合表起,即皆 +會也。大軍為計日之食起,戰具無不及也,令行而起,不如令者有誅。 + +凡稱分塞者,四境之內,當興軍踵軍既行,則四境之民,無得行者。奉王 +之軍命,授持符節,名為順職之吏,非順職之吏而行者誅之。戰合表起, +順職之吏,乃行用以相參,故欲戰先安內也。 + + + +兵教上第二十一 + + +兵之教,令分營居陳,有非令而進退者,加犯教之罪。前行者前行教之, +後行者後行教之,左行者左行教之,右行者右行教之,教舉五人,其甲首 +有賞。弗教如犯教之罪。羅地者,自揭其伍,伍內互揭之,免其罪。 + +凡伍臨陳,若一人有不進死於敵,則教者如犯法之罪。凡什保什,若亡一 +人,而九人不盡死於敵,則教者如犯教之罪。自什己上,至於裨將,有不 +若法者,則教者如犯法者之罪。 + +凡明刑罰,正勸賞,必在乎兵教之法。 + +將異其旂,卒異其章,左軍章左肩,右軍章右肩,中軍章胸前。書其章曰 +:某甲、某士。前後軍各五行,尊章置首上,其次差降之。 + +伍長教其四人,以板為鼓,以瓦為金,以竿為旂。擊鼓而進,低旂則趨, +擊金而退。麾而左之,麾而右之,金鼓俱擊而坐。 + +伍長教成,合之什長。什長教成,合之卒長。卒長教成,合之伯長。伯長 +教成,合之兵尉。兵尉教成,合之裨將。裨將教成,合之大將。大將教之 +,陳於中野,置大表三百步而一。既陣去表,百步而決。百步而趨,百步 +而鶩,習戰以成其節,乃為之賞罰。 + +自尉吏而下,盡有旂。戰勝得旂者,各視所得之爵,以明賞勸之心。 + +戰勝在乎立威,立威在乎戮力,戮力在乎正罰,正罰者所以明賞也。 + +令民背國門之限,決生死之分,教之死而不疑者,有以也。令守者必固, +戰者必鬥,姦謀不作,姦民不語,令行無變,兵行無猜,輕者若霆,奮敵 +若驚。舉功別德,明如白黑,令民從上令,如四肢應心也。 + +前軍絕行亂陳,破堅如潰者,有以也。此謂之兵教。所以開封疆,守社稷 +,除患害,成武德也。 + + + +兵教下第二十二 + + +臣聞人君有必勝之道,故能并兼廣大,以一其制度,則威加天下有十二焉 +: + +一曰連刑,謂同罪保伍也;二曰地禁,謂禁止行道,以網外姦也;三曰全 +軍,謂甲首相附,三五相同,以結其聯也;四曰開塞,謂分地以限,各死 +其職而堅守也;五曰分限,謂左右相禁,前後相待,垣車為固,以逆以止 +也;六曰號別,謂前列務進以別,其後者不得爭先登不次也;七曰五章, +謂彰明行列,始卒不亂也;八曰全曲,謂曲折相從,皆有分部也;九曰金 +鼓,謂興有功,致有德也;十曰陳車,謂接連前矛,馬冒其目也;十一曰 +死士,謂眾軍之中有材智者,乘於戰車,前後縱橫,出奇制敵也;十二曰 +力卒,謂經旂全曲,不麾不動也。 + +此十二者教成,犯令不舍。兵弱能強之,主卑能尊之,令弊能起之,民流 +能親之,人眾能治之,地大能守之。國車不出於閫,組甲不出於橐,而威 +服天下矣。 + +兵有五致:為將忘家,踰垠忘親,指敵忘身,必死則生,急勝為下。 + +百人被刃,陷行亂陳,千人被刃,擒敵殺將,萬人被刃,橫行天下。 + +武王問太公望曰:「吾欲少間而極用人之要?」望對曰:「賞如山,罰如 +谿。太上無過,其次補過,使人無得私語。諸罰而請不罰者死,諸賞而請 +不賞者死。伐國必因其變,示之以財,以觀其窮,示之以弊,以觀其病, +上乖下離,若此之類是伐之因也。」 + +凡興師,必審內外之權,以計其去。兵有備闕,糧食有餘不足,校所出入 +之路,然後興師伐亂,必能入之。 + +地大而城小者,必先收其地。城大而窄者,必先攻其城。地廣而人寡者, +則絕其阨。地狹而人眾者,則築大堙以臨之。無喪其利,無奮其時,寬其 +政,夷其業;救其弊,則足施天下。 + +今戰國相攻,大伐有德。自伍而兩,自兩而師,不一其令。率俾民心不定 +,徒尚驕侈,謀患辨訟,吏究其事,累且敗也。日暮路遠,還有挫氣。師 +老將貪,爭掠易敗。 + +凡將輕,壘卑,眾動,可攻也。將重,壘高,眾懼,可圍也。凡圍必開其 +小利,使漸夷弱,則節各有不食者矣。眾夜擊者驚也,眾避事者離也。待 +人之救,期戰而蹙,皆心失而傷氣也。傷氣敗軍,曲謀敗國。 + + + +兵令上第二十三 + + +兵者,凶器也。爭者,逆德也。事必有本,故王者伐暴亂,本仁義焉。戰 +國則以立威,抗敵,相圖,不能廢兵也。 + +兵者以武為植,以文為種。武為表,文為堙C能審此二者,知勝敗矣。文 +所以視利害,辨安危;武所以犯強敵,力攻守也。 + +專一則勝,離散則敗。陳以密則固,鋒以疏則達。卒畏將甚於敵者勝,卒 +畏敵甚於將者敗。所以知勝敗者,稱將於敵也,敵與將猶權衡焉。安靜則 +治,暴疾則亂。 + +出卒陳兵有常令,行伍疏數有常法,先後之次有適宜。常令者,非追北襲 +邑攸用也。前後不次則失也。亂先後斬之。 + +常陳皆向敵,有內向,有外向,有立陳,有坐陳。夫內向所以顧中也,外 +向所以備外也,立陳所以進也,坐陳所以止也,立坐之陳,相參進止,將 +在其中。坐之兵劍斧,立之兵戟弩,將亦居中。 + +善禦敵者,正兵先合,而後振之,此必勝之術也。陳之斧鉞,飾之旂章, +有功必賞,犯令必死,存亡死生,在枹之端,雖天下有善兵者,莫能禦此 +矣。 + +矢射未交,長刃未接,前譟者謂之虛,後譟者謂之實,不譟者謂之秘,虛 +實者兵之體也。 + + + +兵令下第二十四 + + +諸去大軍為前禦之備者,邊縣列候各相去三、五里。聞大軍為前禦之備戰 +,則皆禁行,所以安內也。 + +內卒出戍,令將吏授旂鼓戈甲。發日,後將吏及出縣封界者,以坐後戍法 +。兵戍邊一歲,遂亡不候代者,法比亡軍。父母妻子知之,與同罪。弗知 +,赦之。 + +卒後將吏而至大將所一日,父母妻子盡同罪。卒逃歸至家一日,父母妻子 +弗捕執及不言,亦同罪。 + +諸戰而亡其將吏者,及將吏棄卒獨北者,盡斬之。前吏棄其卒而北,後吏 +能斬之而奪其卒者,賞。軍無功者,戍三歲。 + +三軍大戰,若大將死,而從吏五百人以上不能死敵者,斬。大將左右近卒 +在陳中者,皆斬。餘士卒,有軍功者,奪一級。無軍功者,戍三歲。 + +戰亡伍人,及伍人戰死不得其死,同伍盡奪其功。得其屍,罪皆赦。 + +軍之利害,在國之名實。今名在官,而實在家,官不得其實,家不得其名 +。聚卒為軍,有空名而無實,外不足以禦敵,內不足以守國,此軍之所以 +不給,將之所以奪威也。 + +臣以謂卒逃歸者,同舍伍人及吏,罰入糧為饒。名為軍實,是有一軍之名 +,而有二實之出,國內空虛,自竭民歲,曷以免奔北之禍乎? + +今以法止逃歸,禁亡軍,是兵之一勝也。什伍相聯,及戰鬥則卒吏相救, +是兵之二勝也。將能立威,卒能節制,號令明信,攻守皆得,是兵之三勝 +也。 + +臣聞古之善用兵者,能殺士卒之半,其次殺其十三,其下殺其十一。能殺 +其半者,威加海內;殺十三者,力加諸侯;殺十一者,令行士卒。故曰: +百萬之眾不用命,不如萬人之鬥也。萬人之鬥,不如百人之奮也。 + +『賞如日月,信如四時,令如斧鉞,制如干將,士卒不用命者,未之聞也 +。』 + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Wei Liao Zi (Military Science of Wei +Liao Zi), by Wei Liao + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEI LIAO ZI (MILITARY SCIENCE) *** + +***** This file should be named 7219-0.txt or 7219-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/7/2/1/7219/ + +Produced by Wan Ting Gong + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print 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+b̡A¥[FQT̡AO[ѫJFQ@̡AOhCGG +ʸUΩRApUH]CUHApʤHĤ]C + +ypAHp|ɡAOpൡApzNAhΩR̡AD] +Cz + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Wei Liao Zi (Military Science Of +Wei Liao Zi), by Wei Liao + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEI LIAO ZI *** + +This file should be named wlizi10.txt or wlizi10.zip +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, wlizi11.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, wlizi10a.txt + +This eBook was produced by WanTing Gong <a9110601@st2.fju.edu.tw> + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. 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