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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe715e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #68840 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68840) diff --git a/old/68840-0.txt b/old/68840-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index dede12e..0000000 --- a/old/68840-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,712 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Address of President Coolidge before -the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America, by Calvin Coolidge - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Address of President Coolidge before the National Council of the - Boy Scouts of America - Washington, D. C., May 1, 1926 - -Author: Calvin Coolidge - -Release Date: August 25, 2022 [eBook #68840] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from - images generously made available by The Internet - Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT COOLIDGE -BEFORE THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA *** - - - - - - ADDRESS - OF - PRESIDENT COOLIDGE - - BEFORE - - THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE - BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA - - - Washington, D. C. - May 1, 1926 - - - [Illustration] - - - WASHINGTON - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - 1926 - - - - - [Illustration] - - - - - ADDRESS - - -_Members of the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America_: - -The strength and hope of civilization lies in its power to adapt -itself to changing circumstances. Development and character are not -passive accomplishments. They can be secured only through action. The -strengthening of the physical body, the sharpening of the senses, the -quickening of the intellect, are all the result of that mighty effort -which we call the struggle for existence. Down through the ages it was -carried on for the most part in the open, out in the fields, along the -streams, and over the surface of the sea. It was there that mankind met -the great struggle which has been waged with the forces of nature. We -are what that struggle has made us. When the race ceases to be engaged -in that great strength-giving effort the race will not be what it is -now――it will change to something else. These age-old activities or -their equivalent are vital to a continuation of human development. They -are invaluable in the growth and training of youth. - -Towns and cities and industrial life are very recent and modern -acquirements. Such an environment did not contribute to the making of -the race, nor was it bred in the lap of present-day luxury. It was -born of adversity and nurtured by necessity. Though the environment -has greatly changed, human nature has not changed. If the same natural -life in the open requiring something of the same struggle, surrounded -by the same elements of adversity and necessity, is gradually passing -away in the experience of the great mass of the people; if the old -struggle with nature no longer goes on; if the usual environment has -been very largely changed, it becomes exceedingly necessary that an -artificial environment be created to supply the necessary process for a -continuation of the development and character of the race. The cinder -track must be substituted for the chase. - -Art therefore has been brought in to take the place of nature. One of -the great efforts in that direction is represented by the Boy Scout -movement. It was founded in the United States in 1910. In September -of that year the organization was given a great impetus by the visit -of the man whom we are delighted to honor this evening, Sir Robert -Baden-Powell. This distinguished British general is now known all over -the world as the originator of this idea. That it has been introduced -into almost every civilized country must be to him a constant source -of great gratification. The first annual meeting was held in the East -Room of the White House in February, 1911, when President Taft made -an address, and each of his successors has been pleased to serve as -the honorary president of the association. It has been dignified by a -Federal charter granted by the Congress to the Boy Scouts of America -in 1916, and thereby ranks in the popular mind with the only two other -organizations which have been similarly honored, the Red Cross and the -American Legion. - -The Boy Scouts have been fortunate in enlisting the interest of -prominent men of our country to serve as the active head of the -organization. For the current year that position was held by no less a -figure than the late James J. Storrow. His untimely taking off was a -sad experience to all of us who knew him. I cherished him personally -as a friend. I admired him for the broad public spirit that he always -exhibited. Amid all the varied and exacting activities as one of our -foremost business men, he yet found time to devote his thought and -energy and personal attention to the advancement of this movement. His -memory will constantly bring to us all that sentiment which he uttered -in the New Year message that he gave to the scouts, in expressing the -hope that it might bring “A more vivid realization that it is the -spirit and the spiritual sides of life that count.” - -The more I have studied this movement, its inception, purposes, -organization, and principles, the more I have been impressed. Not only -is it based on the fundamental rules of right thinking and acting but -it seems to embrace in its code almost every virtue needed in the -personal and social life of mankind. It is a wonderful instrument -for good. It is an inspiration to you whose duty and privilege it is -to widen its horizon and extend its influence. If every boy in the -United States between the ages of 12 and 17 could be placed under the -wholesome influences of the scout program and should live up to the -scout oath and rules, we would hear fewer pessimistic words as to the -future of our Nation. - -The boy on becoming a scout binds himself on his honor to do his best, -as the oath reads: - - “1. To do my duty to God and my country, and to obey the scout - law. - - “2. To help other people at all times. - - “3. To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and - morally straight.” - -The 12 articles in these scout laws are not prohibitions, but -obligations; affirmative rules of conduct. Members must promise to -be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, -cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. How comprehensive this -list! What a formula for developing moral and spiritual character! -What an opportunity for splendid service in working to strengthen -their observance by all scouts and to extend their influence to all -boys eligible for membership! It would be a perfect world if everyone -exemplified these virtues in daily life. - -Acting under these principles, remarkable progress has been made. Since -1910, 3,000,000 boys in the United States have been scouts――one out -of every seven eligible. Who can estimate the physical, mental, and -spiritual force that would have been added to our national life during -this period if the other six also had been scouts? - -On January 1, 1926, there was an enrollment of nearly 600,000 boys, -directed by 165,000 volunteer leaders and divided among 23,000 troops. -Such is the field that has been cultivated. The great need now is for -more leaders, inspired for service and properly equipped to carry out -the program. It is estimated that 1,000,000 additional boys could be -enrolled immediately if adequate leadership could be provided. We can -not do too much honor to the 500,000 men who in the past 16 years have -given freely of their time and energy as scout masters and assistant -scout masters. Such service is service to God and to country. The -efforts to get more devoted volunteers and to find and train those -fitted and willing to make this their life work is worthy of the most -complete success. - -Because the principles of this movement are affirmative, I believe -they are sound. The boy may not be merely passive in his allegiance -to righteousness. He must be an active force in his home, his church, -and his community. Too few people have a clear realization of the real -purposes of the Boy Scouts. In the popular mind the program is arranged -for play, for recreation, is designed solely to utilize the spare time -of the boy in such a way that he may develop physically while engaged -in pleasurable pursuits. This is but a faint conception, one almost -wholly misleading. The program is a means to an end. Its fundamental -object is to use modern environment in character building and training -for citizenship. - -Character is what a person is; it represents the aggregate of -distinctive mental and moral qualities belonging to an individual or a -race. Good character means a mental and moral fiber of high order, one -which may be woven into the fabric of the community and State, going to -make a great nation――great in the broadest meaning of that word. - -The organization of the scouts is particularly suitable for a -representative democracy such as ours, where our institutions rest -on the theory of self-government and public functions are exercised -through delegated authority. The boys are taught to practice the basic -virtues and principles of right living and to act for themselves in -accordance with such virtues and principles. They learn self-direction -and self-control. - -The organization is not intended to take the place of the home or -religion, but to supplement and cooperate with those important -factors in our national life. We hear much talk of the decline in the -influence of religion, of the loosening of the home ties, of the lack -of discipline――all tending to break down reverence and respect for the -laws of God and of man. Such thought as I have been able to give to -the subject and such observations as have come within my experience -have convinced me that there is no substitute for the influences of -the home and of religion. These take hold of the innermost nature -of the individual and play a very dominant part in the formation of -personality and character. This most necessary and most valuable -service has to be performed by the parents, or it is not performed at -all. It is the root of the family life. Nothing else can ever take its -place. These duties can be performed by foster parents with partial -success, but any attempt on the part of the Government to function in -these directions breaks down almost entirely. The Boy Scout movement -can never be a success as a substitute but only as an ally of strict -parental control and family life under religious influences. Parents -can not shift their responsibility. If they fail to exercise proper -control, nobody else can do it for them. - -The last item in the scout “duodecalogue” is impressive. It declares -that a scout shall be reverent. “He is reverent toward God,” the -paragraph reads. “He is faithful in his religious duty――respects the -convictions of others in matters of custom and religion.” In the past -I have declared my conviction that our Government rests upon religion; -that religion is the source from which we derive our reverence for -truth and justice, for equality and liberty, and for the rights of -mankind. So wisely and liberally is the Boy Scout movement designed -that the various religious denominations have found it a most helpful -agency in arousing and maintaining interest in the work of their -various societies. This has helped to emphasize in the minds of youth -the importance of teaching our boys to respect the religious opinions -and social customs of others. - -The scout theory takes the boy at an age when he is apt to get ensnared -in the complexities and false values of our latter-day life, and it -turns his attention toward the simple, the natural, the genuine. It -provides a program for the utilization of his spare time outside his -home and school and church duties. While ofttimes recreational, it is -in the best sense constructive. It aims to give a useful outlet for -the abundant energies of the boy, to have valuable knowledge follow -innate curiosity, to develop skill and self-reliance――the power to -bring things to pass――by teaching one how to use both the hand and -the head. In the city-bred boy is developed love for the country, a -realization of what nature means, of its power to heal the wounds -and to soothe the frayed nerves incident to modern civilization. He -learns that in the woods and on the hillside, on the plain, and by the -stream, he has a chance to think upon the eternal verities, to get a -clarity of vision――a chance which the confusion and speed of city life -too often renders difficult if not impossible of attainment. There -is a very real value in implanting this idea in our boys. When they -take up the burdens of manhood they may be led to return to the simple -life for periods of physical, mental, and spiritual refreshment and -reinvigoration. - -Scouting very definitely teaches that rewards come only after -achievement through personal effort and self-discipline. The boy enters -as a tenderfoot. As he develops he becomes a second-class scout and -then a first-class scout. Still there is before him the opportunity, in -accordance with ability and hard work, to advance and get merit badges -for proficiency in some 70 subjects pertaining to the arts, trades, and -sciences. It is interesting to learn that in the year 1925, 195,000 -merit badges were awarded as compared with 140,000 in 1924. Twenty-one -such awards make the boy an “eagle scout,” the highest rank. Not only -does one learn to do things, but in many instances he learns what he -can do best. He is guided to his life work. Vocational experts will -tell you in dollars and cents what this means to society where so often -much valuable time and effort is wasted by the young before they have -tested, proven, and trained their individual powers. - -The boy learns “to be prepared.” This is the motto of the scouts. They -are prepared to take their proper place in life, prepared to meet any -unusual situation arising in their personal or civic relations. The -scout is taught to be courageous and self-sacrificing. Individually -he must do one good deed each day. He is made to understand that he -is a part of organized society; that he owes an obligation to that -society. Among the many activities in which the scouts have rendered -public service are those for the protection of birds and wild life -generally, for the conservation of natural resources, reforestation, -for carrying out the “Safety first” idea. They have taken part in -campaigns for church cooperation, in drives against harmful literature, -and the promotion of an interest in wholesome, worth-while reading. -In many communities they have cooperated with the police and fire -departments. In some instances they have studied the machinery of -government by temporary and volunteer participation in the city and -State administration. During the war they helped in the Liberty-loan -campaigns, and more recently they have assisted in “Get out the vote” -movements. - -All of this is exceedingly practical. It provides a method both for -the training of youth and adapting him to modern life. The age-old -principle of education through action and character through effort -is well exemplified, but in addition the very valuable element has -been added of a training for community life. It has been necessary -for society to discard some of its old individualistic tendencies -and promote a larger liberty and a more abundant life by cooperative -effort. This theory has been developed under the principle of the -division of labor, but the division of labor fails completely if any -one of the divisions ceases to function. - -It is well that boys should learn that lesson at an early age. Very -soon they will be engaged in carrying on the work of the world. Some -will enter the field of transportation, some of banking, some of -industry, some of agriculture; some will be in the public service, -in the police department, in the fire department, in the Post Office -Department, in the health department. The public welfare, success, -and prosperity of the Nation will depend upon the proper coordination -of all these various efforts and upon each loyally performing the -service undertaken. It will no longer do for those who have assumed the -obligation to society of carrying on these different functions to say -that as a body they are absolutely free and independent and responsible -to no one but themselves. The public interest is greater than the -interest of any one of these groups, and it is absolutely necessary -that this interest be made supreme. But there is just as great a -necessity on the part of the public to see that each of these groups is -justly treated. Otherwise, government and society will be thrown into -chaos. On each one of us rests a moral obligation to do our share of -the world’s work. We have no right to refuse. - -The training of the Boy Scouts fits them to an early realization of -this great principle and adapts them in habits and thoughts and life -to its observances. We know too well what fortune overtakes those -who attempt to live in opposition to these standards. They become at -once rightfully and truly branded as outlaws. However much they may -boast of their freedom from all restraints and their disregard of all -conventionalities of society, they are immediately the recognized foes -of their brethren. Their short existence is lived under greater and -greater restrictions, in terror of the law, in flight from arrest, or -in imprisonment. Instead of gaining freedom, they become the slaves of -their own evil doing, realizing the scriptural assertion that they who -sin are the servants of sin and that the wages of sin is death. The Boy -Scout movement has been instituted in order that the youth, instead of -falling under the domination of habits and actions that lead only to -destruction, may come under the discipline of a training that leads to -eternal life. They learn that they secure freedom and prosperity by -observing the law. - -This is but one of the many organizations that are working for good in -our country. Some of them have a racial basis, some a denominational -basis. All of them in their essence are patriotic and religious. Their -steady growth and widening influence go very far to justify our faith -in the abiding fitness of things. We can not deny that there are evil -forces all about us, but a critical examination of what is going on in -the world can not fail to justify the belief that wherever these powers -of evil may be located, however great may be their apparent extent, -they are not realities, and somewhere there is developing an even -greater power of good by which they will be overcome. - -We need a greater faith in the strength of right living. We need a -greater faith in the power of righteousness. These are the realities -which do not pass away. On these everlasting principles rests the -movement of the Boy Scouts of America. It is one of the growing -institutions by which our country is working out the fulfillment of an -eternal promise. - - - [Illustration] - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT COOLIDGE -BEFORE THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Address of President Coolidge before the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>Washington, D. C., May 1, 1926</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Calvin Coolidge</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 25, 2022 [eBook #68840]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT COOLIDGE BEFORE THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA ***</div> - - -<div class="figcenter" id="cover"> - <img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover" title="cover" /> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h1 class="nobreak">ADDRESS<br /> -<span class="works">OF</span><br /> -PRESIDENT COOLIDGE</h1> - -<p class="noic">BEFORE</p> - -<p class="noi subtitle">THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE<br /> -BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA</p> - -<p class="p2 noic"><span class="smcap">Washington, D. C.</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">May 1, 1926</span></p> - -<div class="pad4"> -<div class="figcenter" id="i_tpdeco"> - <img class="illowe10" src="images/i_tpdeco.jpg" - alt="e pluribus unum" title="e pluribus unum" /> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noi works">WASHINGTON<br /> -GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE<br /> -1926</p> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter" id="logo"> - <img class="illowe10" src="images/logo.jpg" alt="logo" title="logo" /> -</div> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span></p> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="ADDRESS">ADDRESS</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="p2 noi"><i>Members of the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America</i>:</p> - -<p>The strength and hope of civilization lies in its power to adapt -itself to changing circumstances. Development and character are -not passive accomplishments. They can be secured only through -action. The strengthening of the physical body, the sharpening of -the senses, the quickening of the intellect, are all the result of that -mighty effort which we call the struggle for existence. Down -through the ages it was carried on for the most part in the open, -out in the fields, along the streams, and over the surface of the sea. -It was there that mankind met the great struggle which has been -waged with the forces of nature. We are what that struggle has -made us. When the race ceases to be engaged in that great strength-giving -effort the race will not be what it is now—it will change -to something else. These age-old activities or their equivalent are -vital to a continuation of human development. They are invaluable -in the growth and training of youth.</p> - -<p>Towns and cities and industrial life are very recent and modern -acquirements. Such an environment did not contribute to the making -of the race, nor was it bred in the lap of present-day luxury. -It was born of adversity and nurtured by necessity. Though the -environment has greatly changed, human nature has not changed. -If the same natural life in the open requiring something of the -same struggle, surrounded by the same elements of adversity and -necessity, is gradually passing away in the experience of the great -mass of the people; if the old struggle with nature no longer goes on; -if the usual environment has been very largely changed, it becomes -exceedingly necessary that an artificial environment be created to -supply the necessary process for a continuation of the development -and character of the race. The cinder track must be substituted -for the chase.</p> - -<p>Art therefore has been brought in to take the place of nature. -One of the great efforts in that direction is represented by the Boy -Scout movement. It was founded in the United States in 1910. In -September of that year the organization was given a great impetus -by the visit of the man whom we are delighted to honor this evening, -Sir Robert Baden-Powell. This distinguished British general is now -known all over the world as the originator of this idea. That it has -been introduced into almost every civilized country must be to him a -constant source of great gratification. The first annual meeting was -held in the East Room of the White House in February, 1911, when -President Taft made an address, and each of his successors has -been pleased to serve as the honorary president of the association. -It has been dignified by a Federal charter granted by the Congress<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span> -to the Boy Scouts of America in 1916, and thereby ranks in the -popular mind with the only two other organizations which have -been similarly honored, the Red Cross and the American Legion.</p> - -<p>The Boy Scouts have been fortunate in enlisting the interest of -prominent men of our country to serve as the active head of the -organization. For the current year that position was held by no -less a figure than the late James J. Storrow. His untimely taking -off was a sad experience to all of us who knew him. I cherished -him personally as a friend. I admired him for the broad public -spirit that he always exhibited. Amid all the varied and exacting -activities as one of our foremost business men, he yet found time -to devote his thought and energy and personal attention to the -advancement of this movement. His memory will constantly bring -to us all that sentiment which he uttered in the New Year message -that he gave to the scouts, in expressing the hope that it might bring -“A more vivid realization that it is the spirit and the spiritual -sides of life that count.”</p> - -<p>The more I have studied this movement, its inception, purposes, -organization, and principles, the more I have been impressed. Not -only is it based on the fundamental rules of right thinking and acting -but it seems to embrace in its code almost every virtue needed -in the personal and social life of mankind. It is a wonderful instrument -for good. It is an inspiration to you whose duty and privilege -it is to widen its horizon and extend its influence. If every boy in -the United States between the ages of 12 and 17 could be placed -under the wholesome influences of the scout program and should -live up to the scout oath and rules, we would hear fewer pessimistic -words as to the future of our Nation.</p> - -<p>The boy on becoming a scout binds himself on his honor to do his -best, as the oath reads:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p>“1. To do my duty to God and my country, and to obey the scout -law.</p> - -<p>“2. To help other people at all times.</p> - -<p>“3. To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally -straight.”</p> -</div> - -<p>The 12 articles in these scout laws are not prohibitions, but obligations; -affirmative rules of conduct. Members must promise to be -trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, -thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. How comprehensive this list! -What a formula for developing moral and spiritual character! -What an opportunity for splendid service in working to strengthen -their observance by all scouts and to extend their influence to all boys -eligible for membership! It would be a perfect world if everyone -exemplified these virtues in daily life.</p> - -<p>Acting under these principles, remarkable progress has been made. -Since 1910, 3,000,000 boys in the United States have been scouts—one -out of every seven eligible. Who can estimate the physical, -mental, and spiritual force that would have been added to our -national life during this period if the other six also had been -scouts?</p> - -<p>On January 1, 1926, there was an enrollment of nearly 600,000 -boys, directed by 165,000 volunteer leaders and divided among 23,000 -troops. Such is the field that has been cultivated. The great need<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span> -now is for more leaders, inspired for service and properly equipped -to carry out the program. It is estimated that 1,000,000 additional -boys could be enrolled immediately if adequate leadership could be -provided. We can not do too much honor to the 500,000 men who -in the past 16 years have given freely of their time and energy as -scout masters and assistant scout masters. Such service is service -to God and to country. The efforts to get more devoted volunteers -and to find and train those fitted and willing to make this their life -work is worthy of the most complete success.</p> - -<p>Because the principles of this movement are affirmative, I believe -they are sound. The boy may not be merely passive in his allegiance -to righteousness. He must be an active force in his home, his church, -and his community. Too few people have a clear realization of the -real purposes of the Boy Scouts. In the popular mind the program -is arranged for play, for recreation, is designed solely to utilize the -spare time of the boy in such a way that he may develop physically -while engaged in pleasurable pursuits. This is but a faint conception, -one almost wholly misleading. The program is a means to an -end. Its fundamental object is to use modern environment in character -building and training for citizenship.</p> - -<p>Character is what a person is; it represents the aggregate of distinctive -mental and moral qualities belonging to an individual or a -race. Good character means a mental and moral fiber of high order, -one which may be woven into the fabric of the community and State, -going to make a great nation—great in the broadest meaning of that -word.</p> - -<p>The organization of the scouts is particularly suitable for a representative -democracy such as ours, where our institutions rest on the -theory of self-government and public functions are exercised through -delegated authority. The boys are taught to practice the basic virtues -and principles of right living and to act for themselves in accordance -with such virtues and principles. They learn self-direction -and self-control.</p> - -<p>The organization is not intended to take the place of the home or -religion, but to supplement and cooperate with those important -factors in our national life. We hear much talk of the decline in -the influence of religion, of the loosening of the home ties, of the -lack of discipline—all tending to break down reverence and respect -for the laws of God and of man. Such thought as I have been able -to give to the subject and such observations as have come within my -experience have convinced me that there is no substitute for the -influences of the home and of religion. These take hold of the innermost -nature of the individual and play a very dominant part in the -formation of personality and character. This most necessary and -most valuable service has to be performed by the parents, or it is not -performed at all. It is the root of the family life. Nothing else -can ever take its place. These duties can be performed by foster parents -with partial success, but any attempt on the part of the Government -to function in these directions breaks down almost entirely. The -Boy Scout movement can never be a success as a substitute but only -as an ally of strict parental control and family life under religious -influences. Parents can not shift their responsibility. If they fail -to exercise proper control, nobody else can do it for them.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span></p> - -<p>The last item in the scout “duodecalogue” is impressive. It -declares that a scout shall be reverent. “He is reverent toward -God,” the paragraph reads. “He is faithful in his religious duty—respects -the convictions of others in matters of custom and religion.” -In the past I have declared my conviction that our Government rests -upon religion; that religion is the source from which we derive our -reverence for truth and justice, for equality and liberty, and for the -rights of mankind. So wisely and liberally is the Boy Scout movement -designed that the various religious denominations have found -it a most helpful agency in arousing and maintaining interest in the -work of their various societies. This has helped to emphasize in -the minds of youth the importance of teaching our boys to respect -the religious opinions and social customs of others.</p> - -<p>The scout theory takes the boy at an age when he is apt to get -ensnared in the complexities and false values of our latter-day life, -and it turns his attention toward the simple, the natural, the genuine. -It provides a program for the utilization of his spare time outside -his home and school and church duties. While ofttimes recreational, -it is in the best sense constructive. It aims to give a useful outlet -for the abundant energies of the boy, to have valuable knowledge -follow innate curiosity, to develop skill and self-reliance—the power -to bring things to pass—by teaching one how to use both the hand -and the head. In the city-bred boy is developed love for the country, -a realization of what nature means, of its power to heal the wounds -and to soothe the frayed nerves incident to modern civilization. He -learns that in the woods and on the hillside, on the plain, and by the -stream, he has a chance to think upon the eternal verities, to get a -clarity of vision—a chance which the confusion and speed of city -life too often renders difficult if not impossible of attainment. There -is a very real value in implanting this idea in our boys. When they -take up the burdens of manhood they may be led to return to the -simple life for periods of physical, mental, and spiritual refreshment -and reinvigoration.</p> - -<p>Scouting very definitely teaches that rewards come only after -achievement through personal effort and self-discipline. The boy -enters as a tenderfoot. As he develops he becomes a second-class -scout and then a first-class scout. Still there is before him the -opportunity, in accordance with ability and hard work, to advance -and get merit badges for proficiency in some 70 subjects pertaining -to the arts, trades, and sciences. It is interesting to learn that in -the year 1925, 195,000 merit badges were awarded as compared with -140,000 in 1924. Twenty-one such awards make the boy an “eagle -scout,” the highest rank. Not only does one learn to do things, but -in many instances he learns what he can do best. He is guided -to his life work. Vocational experts will tell you in dollars and -cents what this means to society where so often much valuable time -and effort is wasted by the young before they have tested, proven, -and trained their individual powers.</p> - -<p>The boy learns “to be prepared.” This is the motto of the -scouts. They are prepared to take their proper place in life, prepared -to meet any unusual situation arising in their personal or -civic relations. The scout is taught to be courageous and self-sacrificing. -Individually he must do one good deed each day. He<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -is made to understand that he is a part of organized society; -that he owes an obligation to that society. Among the many -activities in which the scouts have rendered public service are -those for the protection of birds and wild life generally, for -the conservation of natural resources, reforestation, for carrying out -the “Safety first” idea. They have taken part in campaigns for -church cooperation, in drives against harmful literature, and the -promotion of an interest in wholesome, worth-while reading. In -many communities they have cooperated with the police and fire -departments. In some instances they have studied the machinery -of government by temporary and volunteer participation in the -city and State administration. During the war they helped in the -Liberty-loan campaigns, and more recently they have assisted in -“Get out the vote” movements.</p> - -<p>All of this is exceedingly practical. It provides a method both -for the training of youth and adapting him to modern life. The -age-old principle of education through action and character through -effort is well exemplified, but in addition the very valuable element -has been added of a training for community life. It has been necessary -for society to discard some of its old individualistic tendencies -and promote a larger liberty and a more abundant life by cooperative -effort. This theory has been developed under the principle of -the division of labor, but the division of labor fails completely if -any one of the divisions ceases to function.</p> - -<p>It is well that boys should learn that lesson at an early age. Very -soon they will be engaged in carrying on the work of the world. -Some will enter the field of transportation, some of banking, some -of industry, some of agriculture; some will be in the public service, -in the police department, in the fire department, in the Post Office -Department, in the health department. The public welfare, success, -and prosperity of the Nation will depend upon the proper coordination -of all these various efforts and upon each loyally performing the -service undertaken. It will no longer do for those who have assumed -the obligation to society of carrying on these different functions to -say that as a body they are absolutely free and independent and -responsible to no one but themselves. The public interest is greater -than the interest of any one of these groups, and it is absolutely -necessary that this interest be made supreme. But there is just as -great a necessity on the part of the public to see that each of these -groups is justly treated. Otherwise, government and society will -be thrown into chaos. On each one of us rests a moral obligation -to do our share of the world’s work. We have no right to refuse.</p> - -<p>The training of the Boy Scouts fits them to an early realization -of this great principle and adapts them in habits and thoughts and -life to its observances. We know too well what fortune overtakes -those who attempt to live in opposition to these standards. They -become at once rightfully and truly branded as outlaws. However -much they may boast of their freedom from all restraints and their -disregard of all conventionalities of society, they are immediately the -recognized foes of their brethren. Their short existence is lived -under greater and greater restrictions, in terror of the law, in flight -from arrest, or in imprisonment. Instead of gaining freedom, they -become the slaves of their own evil doing, realizing the scriptural<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -assertion that they who sin are the servants of sin and that the -wages of sin is death. The Boy Scout movement has been instituted -in order that the youth, instead of falling under the domination of -habits and actions that lead only to destruction, may come under -the discipline of a training that leads to eternal life. They learn -that they secure freedom and prosperity by observing the law.</p> - -<p>This is but one of the many organizations that are working for -good in our country. Some of them have a racial basis, some a -denominational basis. All of them in their essence are patriotic and -religious. Their steady growth and widening influence go very far -to justify our faith in the abiding fitness of things. We can not -deny that there are evil forces all about us, but a critical examination -of what is going on in the world can not fail to justify the belief -that wherever these powers of evil may be located, however great -may be their apparent extent, they are not realities, and somewhere -there is developing an even greater power of good by which they will -be overcome.</p> - -<p>We need a greater faith in the strength of right living. We need -a greater faith in the power of righteousness. These are the realities -which do not pass away. On these everlasting principles rests the -movement of the Boy Scouts of America. It is one of the growing -institutions by which our country is working out the fulfillment of -an eternal promise.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter" id="i_enddeco"> - <img class="p2 illowe2" src="images/i_enddeco.jpg" - alt="end decoration" title="end decoration" /> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT COOLIDGE BEFORE THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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