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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a04e732 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #68794 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68794) diff --git a/old/68794-0.txt b/old/68794-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index f188c20..0000000 --- a/old/68794-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1121 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mayflower Society house, by Walter -Merriam Pratt - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Mayflower Society house - Being the story of the Edward Winslow house, the Mayflower - Society, the Pilgrims - -Author: Walter Merriam Pratt - -Release Date: August 20, 2022 [eBook #68794] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY -HOUSE *** - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - The ‘Mayflower Compact’ was in the middle of a paragraph in the - original book (on pages 28 and 29). It has been moved to the end - of this ebook. - - All misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, - have been left unchanged. - - - - -[Illustration: (frontispiece)] - - “_Sand dunes beyond the blue salt bay, - Stars twinkling on the rippling sea, - Twin lights of Gurnet far away, - And here sweet peace for thee and me._” - —KATE GANNET WOODS - - -[Illustration: THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE] - - - - - The - Mayflower Society House - - _Being the Story of_ - - THE EDWARD WINSLOW HOUSE · THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY - · THE PILGRIMS · - - _By_ - - WALTER MERRIAM PRATT - - _Governor-General of the_ - GENERAL SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS - - - 1620 [Illustration] 1897 - - - SECOND EDITION - - _Privately Printed_ - - UNIVERSITY PRESS - - Cambridge, Massachusetts - - 1950 - - -[Illustration: NORTH STREET, PLYMOUTH] - - - - -[Illustration: (decorative banner)] - -THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE - - -A notable accomplishment of the General Society of Mayflower -Descendants was the purchase in 1941 of the Edward Winslow House in -Plymouth, Massachusetts, a house of great beauty and dignity, with -history and atmosphere, perfectly located on North Street, one of the -five streets laid out by the Pilgrims, overlooking Plymouth Rock and -Cole’s Hill, where lie the bones of many of the Pilgrims. - -North Street was laid out before 1633. It was first named New Street, -later Queen Street, and for some years was called Howland Street, -presumably because Joseph Howland, son of John Howland, the Pilgrim, -owned land on the north side. His son Thomas inherited it, and in -turn it descended to the latter’s son, Consider Howland, who sold -it to Edward Winslow, the great-grandson of Edward Winslow, third -Governor of the Colony. The younger Winslow attended Harvard College -and then settled in Plymouth. He became Clerk of the Court, Registrar -of Probate, and Collector of the Port. He married in 1741, the widow, -Hannah Howland Dyer, a sister of Consider Howland, and in 1754 built -the house. - -Winslow was a Royalist and an outspoken supporter of the King. -Although a popular man, the townspeople became infuriated at his -lack of patriotism, which eventually cost him his town offices -and revenue. His son joined the King’s forces, and he frequently -entertained the British officers at his home. After the evacuation of -Boston by the British, Winslow moved his family to New York, and was -granted a pension by Sir Henry Clinton. - -Later the family went to Halifax, as did thousands of other Tories, -where Winslow died the following year, at the age of seventy-two. He -was buried in St. Paul’s Churchyard, mourned by all the dignitaries -of the city. At this time Canada was actively hostile to the United -States. - -In order to support his family after losing his offices, Winslow -had pledged his house as security for loans of money made him by -Thomas Davis, William Thomas, Oakes Angier, and John Rowe. When he -left Plymouth the house was sold on an “execution” at a sacrifice to -satisfy the creditors, much to Winslow’s indignation. It is often -mistakenly stated that his property was confiscated. The house at -this time was half its present size and, as was customary in those -days, sat close to the ground, as well as to the street. The frame of -the house and some of the paneling are said to have been brought from -England, although American craftsmen could and did construct similar -houses and paneling. - -From Winslow’s creditors the house passed into the hands of Thomas -Jackson who occupied it as a residence until 1813, when he moved to -the so-called Cotton Farm. The house then passed by an execution from -Mr. Jackson to his cousin Charles Jackson, who died in it in 1818 -and whose son, Charles Thomas Jackson, born 21 June 1805, played an -interesting part in the civil history of this country. He had a keen -mind, was a student of electricity and magnetism, but medicine was -his main study. He graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1827, -finishing his studies abroad. He returned to America on the sailing -vessel with Samuel F. B. Morse, and their meeting may have helped -Morse perfect his telegraphic instrument. It is known that Jackson -made and displayed a model of a telegraphic instrument a year before -Morse patented the one that made him famous. - -[Illustration: CHARLES THOMAS JACKSON WILLIAM T. G. MORTON] - -Jackson was greatly interested in geology and was the State Geologist -of Maine in 1836, Rhode Island in 1839, and New Hampshire in -1840, but his greatest claim to fame is his share in discovering -etherization and his association with Dr. W. T. G. Morton, a -dental surgeon, fourteen years his junior, who studied medicine in -his office. Jackson is believed to have made his first personal -experiments with the inhalation of ether in the house at Plymouth, -and the chair in which he sat is displayed in Pilgrim Hall. Morton -patented the process of anesthesia by ether in 1846 and he sued -Jackson for claiming the discovery of the anesthetic effects of -inhalation of ether back in the winter of 1841-42. The French -Government investigated the matter and decreed Jackson a 2500 franc -prize as the discoverer, and a similar prize to Morton for being the -first to apply it to surgical operations. - -[Illustration: RALPH WALDO EMERSON IN THE EAST ROOM WHERE HE WAS -MARRIED] - -Jackson’s slightly older sister Lydia, sometimes called Lidian, -became the second wife of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American poet and -philosopher. Their marriage took place in 1835 in the east parlor, -later known as the music room. - -[Illustration: ROOM WHEREIN LYDIA JACKSON MARRIED RALPH WALDO EMERSON] - -The house was sold by the Charles Jackson heirs in 1872 to Lucia J. -Briggs, the wife of the Rev. George W. Briggs, who occupied it as -a summer residence until 1898, when it was purchased by Charles L. -Willoughby, of Chicago, for a summer home. Gardens were planned and -planted. Joseph Everett Chandler, authority on the restoration of -New England houses and author of books on the subject, was retained -to supervise the work, and it is he we have to thank that so much -was saved when it was converted into a gentleman’s estate. He it was -who saw to it that the new windows, inner shutters, paneling, and -many details, are in keeping with the original structure. He even -saw to it that the Tory chimney, with its coping painted black, was -saved and that the two lovely linden trees, said to have been planted -by Edward Winslow’s daughter Penelope, were protected during the -alteration. In tearing off the ell on the north side, a board was -uncovered on which was painted “Built by William Drew 1820,” which -indicates additions were made that year. The house was moved back -thirty feet, raised five, porches were built, side doors, new rooms, -and a cupola or, as some erroneously call it, a Widow’s Walk, were -added. - -[Illustration: FRONT HALL WITH CHARMING TWO-WAY STAIRCASE] - -To own an old house is a great privilege, but it is also a great -responsibility. No amount of money could have made the Winslow house -so interesting as its association with events of history and famous -people has made it. - -[Illustration: THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S BEDROOM WHICH HAS A GLORIOUS -VIEW SEAWARD] - -Improvements were continued after Mr. Willoughby’s death. Adjoining -houses were purchased and razed, improving the view of the Rock -and the ocean, and the land they were on was added to the already -extensive garden. - -[Illustration: ONE OF THE TWIN CORNER CUPBOARDS AND RECESSED WINDOWS -IN THE MAHOGANY DINING ROOM] - -A five-car garage was built to the far side of the garden, arranged -so that it would be possible to use it as a charity theatre, with -quarters overhead for the gardener and his family. As protection -against the elements and the public, a six foot red brick wall of -Colonial design was erected on the south and east sides of the estate. - -[Illustration: REAR GARDEN TEA HOUSE AND CONSERVATORY FROM THE -SOLARIUM] - -After Mrs. Willoughby’s death, her daughter offered the property for -sale. It is fortunate that it passed into the hands of the General -Society of Mayflower Descendants (31 December 1941). It might have -become a Tea Room, a Road House, or something worse. The Society -immediately took up the work of restoration and preservation where -Mr. Chandler had left off, but before work could even be started, -World War II broke out and the entire Winslow House was turned over -to the Plymouth Chapter of the American Red Cross for the duration -without charge of any kind. Due to confusion, especially of legal -nature, likely to arise, and which in fact had arisen, by the -existence of a Winslow House in nearby Marshfield, it was decided -at the Seventeenth Congress of the General Society held in Plymouth -September 1946, and so voted, to change the name of the Edward -Winslow House to the Mayflower Society House. - -[Illustration: THE PIAZZA WITH IMPOSING PILLARS. A BEAUTIFUL VIEW -ACROSS THE BAY] - -[Illustration: CANOPY OVER PLYMOUTH ROCK. A VISTA THROUGH THE TREES. -DEDICATED IN 1920] - -The house today is far different from the one Edward Winslow built -in 1754, but, as the headquarters of a large society, it is better -adapted. The interior is being brought back to something of its -original appearance with paint and replicas of old wall paper and by -gifts and purchases of furniture of the 18th Century period. Members -of the Mayflower Society and any interested in preserving the best of -the 18th century are asked to contribute items of furniture, wearing -apparel, books or other items of the period. All gifts and loans, -before being accepted, are passed on by a competent committee. To -have an item accepted and exhibited in the Mayflower Society House -will some day be a distinction. - -[Illustration: SIMILAR VIEW TO THE FRONTISPIECE BUT SHOWING SOLARIUM] - -The Mayflower Society House is not only a show place of Plymouth, -but of the entire country. This lovely and famous house is owned, -free and clear of indebtedness, by the General Society of Mayflower -Descendants. To insure its perpetual care through generations to -come, an endowment is sought to which the public is asked to and -should contribute. - -[Illustration: FROM THE FRONT GATE—LOOKING TO THE LANDING] - -[Illustration: This Canopy, built at a cost of $20,000.00, covered -Plymouth Rock from 1866 until the Rock was returned to its original -location in 1920. Behind the Canopy is Cole’s Hill, and just to the -right of it is the Mayflower Society House] - - - - -THE GENERAL SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS - - -Not until 1894 did descendants of the passengers of the _Mayflower_ -organize to perpetuate the ideals and commemorate the memory of their -ancestors. The first Society was formed 22 December 1894 in New York, -followed by societies in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania -within 18 months. These societies founded the General Society 12 -January 1897. The General Society now consists of 40 State Societies, -with a membership of over 7600 men and women. - -19 February 1923 the General Society was incorporated under the laws -of Massachusetts. Among those signing the petition to the Great and -General Court were Major General Leonard Wood, William Howard Taft, -and Henry Cabot Lodge. The Mayflower Society is not interested in the -wealth of its members, or their social standing, or their politics, -although two Presidents of the United States have been members. Two -others were eligible but passed on before its organization. It is -proud, however, of the notable achievements of many of its members. - -Some of the patriotic Societies were in early days largely social in -character. Many joined solely of pride in their ancestry. Democracy -was not then under attack and needed no defenders. The country’s -growth since the turn of the century has brought to the United States -a tremendous number of persons fleeing from Old World conditions. Our -melting pot did well for a time; of recent years our freedom has been -attacked. The Society now has a mission—that of spreading the wisdom -and ideals of our ancestors to the masses who have come to our shores. - -The Society has accomplished much in its effort to discover and -publish matter relating to the Pilgrims. It has aided in establishing -memorials and has contributed over $100,000.00 toward the Bradford -Memorial Tablet, the Provincetown Monument, the Monument to the -Pilgrims at Southampton, England, the Sarcophagus on Cole’s Hill, -Plymouth, the Aptuxet Trading Post, at Bourne, the Mayflower Index, -and to lesser memorials throughout the country. One of the most -important things accomplished is the purchase and restoration of the -Mayflower Society House. This is more than a National Headquarters. -It is propaganda for Americanism. It is a landmark that will inspire -those who visit Plymouth to increase their knowledge of the Pilgrims -and thus help make better citizens of them, and it is a contribution -to patriotism. Plymouth welcomes another museum house, particularly -an 18th century one, where visitors may learn more of Colonial life -and customs. The important thing is that visitors to the Mayflower -Society House, who number thousands each year, coming from every -state in the Union, find there exists an organization to perpetuate -the memory and carry forward the ideals of the Pilgrims. - -When the General Society of Mayflower Descendants was organized, it -adopted a declaration of purpose, the most important part of which -is to commemorate and honor the Pilgrims, to defend the principle of -civil and religious liberty, as set forth in the Mayflower Compact, -to discover and publish original matter pertaining to the Pilgrims, -and to authenticate, preserve, and mark spots of Pilgrim association. - -These things the historian, orator, and poet have helped do. In our -libraries are carefully prepared writings on the subject by Fiske, -Dexter, John Quincy Adams and Daniel Webster, Choate, Everett and -Sumner, and so on down to Henry Cabot Lodge, Calvin Coolidge, and the -third Governor Bradford. So diligent have writers and speakers been, -it is difficult to find and add new facts. - -There are those who say, “It’s not what my ancestors did, it’s what -I’ve done. I live in the present, not the past.” One must make good, -but statistics prove those most successful are the first to preserve -the best of the past. - -It is fitting and proper that the descendants of the Pilgrims should -gather in Plymouth from time to time and give expression to the -respect, gratitude and admiration they feel for the Pilgrims. To -express sympathy for them for the terrible months they spent crossing -the stormy Atlantic, and the added months on shipboard while shelters -were being erected on shore for the first winter in a foreign land, -when nearly half the company died of scurvy and ship fever, in spite -of which not one member gave up and returned to England when the -_Mayflower_ sailed. - -The Pilgrims believed in the equality of all men before God; they, -therefore, made all men equal before the Law. On the Sarcophagus, -which contains the remains of some of the Pilgrims, is this -inscription: - - “This monument marks the first burying-ground in Plymouth of the - Passengers of the Mayflower. Here, under cover of darkness, the - fast dwindling Company laid their dead; levelling the earth above - them lest the Indians should learn how many were the graves. - _READER_, History records no nobler venture for Faith and Freedom - than that of this Pilgrim band. In weariness and painfulness, in - watchings often, in hunger and cold they laid the foundations of - a State wherein every man, through countless ages, should have - liberty to worship God in his own way. May their example inspire - thee to do thy part in perpetuating and spreading throughout the - World the lofty Ideals of our Republic.” - -We must admire the Pilgrims for their courage and piety, for their -attachment to civil rights and religious liberty in exile, under -unhappy conditions. - -There was a famine the first year, but no actual starvation as there -were wild fowl, shellfish, and berries in abundance, but there was -cold and snow, and there were Indians and sickness to cope with. - -A great disaster befell the community the second year which seldom -seems to be mentioned, but which would have discouraged less resolute -souls. The ship _Fortune_ carrying their entire year’s yield of furs -and products to England to be sold, was captured by the French as a -prize. - -The gist of the preface of a book entitled “The Pilgrim Fathers,” by -W. H. Bartlett, published in London, England, in 1853, is— - - “Of the many heroic emigrations from our island, which have covered - the face of the earth, no one is more singular than the band of - sectaries driven forth in the reign of James I. In an age when - toleration was unknown, they were thrust forth from their native - land, thus the harshness of the rulers became the instrument which - planted on American shores a mighty republic, the proudest and most - powerful offshoot of the mother country, whose institutions, as - thus founded, are not without a powerful reaction upon her own. - - “The details of the story are unknown to the mass of English - readers, while across the Atlantic they are known to almost - every child, and numerous are the works published about them and - many are the Americans who visit Boston, Scrooby and Leyden, but - these publications and researchers are all unknown in England and - therefore this continuous narrative.” - - - - -THE PILGRIMS - - -Who and what were the Pilgrims and in what way did they differ from -the Puritans? They both were English and both lived in the same -generation. The Pilgrims were a small band of staunch men, women -and children who came to America for religious freedom. They were a -part of a great movement. The Protestant Reformation, set on foot in -England during the reign of Henry VIII, was finally accomplished in -1588 by the defeat of the Spanish Armada. It did not secure freedom -of action or worship, however. There was no country then where such -liberty was allowed; in fact, such a thing had never been thought of. -The Reformation made the Sovereign, instead of the Pope, the head -of the church in England, and there were changes in doctrine and -ceremonials, but everyone was required to attend church whether he -wished to or not and was also taxed to support it. The Bible had just -been translated from Latin into English, and for the first time it -was being generally circulated (1557-60). - -Among the Protestant reformers there were many who were not satisfied -with the doctrines and ritual of the English church. They wished -to simplify the government of the church and drop some of the -ceremonies. This they considered purifying the church, which gave -them the name of Puritans. Most of them had no thought or intention -of leaving the Established Church. They wished to stay and be a part -of it, but to change it according to their ideas. - -[Illustration: EDWARD WINSLOW, third Governor of Plymouth Colony. -Great-grandfather of Edward Winslow, builder of The Mayflower Society -House. Painted during a visit to England. Winslow is the only Pilgrim -of whom there exists an authentic picture] - -Early in 1567 a number of ministers, despairing of getting the -desired changes, made up their minds to separate from the church and -hold religious services of their own. Robert Brown was one of them -and went about the country advocating this policy of separation. -Those who adopted it became known as Separatists or Brownists. They -did not believe in having bishops rule over them. Some denied that -the queen was head of the church. This was called treason. These were -the people who became Pilgrims. The Puritans also questioned the -spiritual authority of the bishops and claimed the right to worship -as they saw fit, but they did nothing in particular about it. - -The Separatists, or better, Independents, which describes them -accurately, established a little church in the hamlet of Scrooby, -near Lincoln, where a congregation listened to the eloquent preaching -of John Robinson. English laws provided imprisonment for those who -refused to attend the Established Church, or were present at unlawful -assemblies, with the further penalties, that the convicted must -conform within three months or leave the country. If he refused, he -should be deemed a felon and put to death without the benefit of -clergy. The little church at Scrooby could not continue under these -conditions. Some of the Separatists had given their lives, some were -in prison, and others were in exile. Brown had fled the country, and -so its members determined to cross to Holland. Under existing laws a -family could not migrate without a license, and they were denied one. -It was as dangerous to remain as it was to attempt to leave secretly. -Meetings were held, and Separatists from Scrooby, Bristol, Exeter, -Boston, and sundry other places planned to flee. - -In October 1607 they made their first attempt to leave from Boston in -a chartered ship. They were seized, searched, and imprisoned. After a -month all but seven of the principal men were released. - -The next year they arranged with a Dutch ship to meet them at a port -near Grimsby at the mouth of the Humber, but the cautious skipper -got scared and after taking a few of the women and children aboard, -cast off, leaving the husbands and a majority to be seized by the -sheriff and his men. Following this, there was no mass effort to -cross to Holland, but, with much difficulty and by departing one or -two at a time, all got over. After a short stay in Amsterdam they -made their way to Leyden. Here they were joined by other refugees -from England, until there were more than a thousand. The Pilgrims -remained in Leyden for eleven years (1609 to 1620). Brewster became -a printer, Robinson entered the University, and all found work in -different occupations. They labored hard and continuously. They -found in Holland peace and the religious freedom they had left -their English homes for, but there were other factors which made -them, after a decade, seriously consider leaving Holland. They -wished the protection of the English flag; they were losing the -English language, and their children were marrying among the Dutch. -After careful consideration they decided that the Virginia Colony, -extending from Florida to New York, offered the best opportunity. -Because of their separation from the Established Church, the King -would not guarantee them protection, but agreed not to molest them, -and under this agreement they obtained a patent from the London -Company to settle on the New Jersey Coast. - -It was necessary to secure financial aid, and this they obtained from -a group of London merchants, known as the Adventurers. The contract -was an oppressive one and became more so as the colonists built their -houses; but it cannot be called unfair, considering the financial -risk involved. It provided that for seven years the income of the -colony should go into a common fund and from this the colonists -would get their living. At the end of the period the investment and -profits, real and personal, should be equally divided between the -Adventurers and the Planters in accordance with the number of shares -each held. Its effect was to establish a community life which, long -before the seven years were up, resulted in embarrassment and open -disaffection, and a compromise between the parties was effected by -which the Adventurers were to be paid the sum of eighteen hundred -pounds sterling 26 November 1626. Here was Communism pure and simple, -and it was a monumental failure and was given up after three years. -If Communism cannot succeed under these conditions, with the type -of people the Pilgrims were, speaking the same language, governed -by the same laws, with common history, tradition, and memories, how -could Communism possibly prove a success under far less favorable -circumstances today? - -The conditions upon which the Pilgrims secured their transportation -to America indicate the exhausted state of their finances, and they -probably never would have given their assent to the conditions -imposed, if not absolutely forced to do so. The famous Captain -John Smith wrote in 1624 that the Adventurers who raised the money -to begin and supply the Plymouth plantation were about seventy in -number, some merchants, some handicraftsmen, some risking great -sums, some small, as their affection served. They dwelt mostly -about London, knit together by a voluntary combination in a -society, without constraint or penalty, aiming to do good and plant -religion. The sad intelligence conveyed by the _Mayflower_ on her -return to London of the sufferings, sickness, and death, produced a -disheartening effect in the most zealous friends, and the necessary -supplies required by the infant colony were refused, though they had -been promised. - -After the Pilgrims had secured financial aid the little band (July -1620) left Leyden and sailed from Delfts-haven in Holland in the -_Speedwell_, which they had bought for the purpose, to Southampton -where the _Mayflower_ was awaiting them with friends. Two weeks later -the _Mayflower_ and the _Speedwell_ left Southampton for America. The -_Mayflower_ of one hundred and eighty tons burden (the _Queen Mary_ -of today is over eighty-three thousand tons) had been chartered to -transport a part of the Leyden congregation to America. - -Before they were out of the English Channel the _Speedwell_ began -leaking badly and they ran into Dartmouth for repairs. 2 September -they made a second start, but trouble developed and they returned -this time to Plymouth. Here they reorganized the expedition. The -_Speedwell_ was left behind, some of her passengers were taken on the -_Mayflower_ and the others left in England. On 16 September 1620 the -_Mayflower_ sailed again and ten weeks later, after a voyage filled -with hardships and peril, having been driven far off her course, -came to anchor in Cape Cod Harbor. When the Cape was sighted it was -decided to sail south for a permanent home, but before the day was -over they found themselves in dangerous shoals and roaring breakers -and turned back to settle beyond the limits of their patent. - -Only about one half of the passengers on the _Mayflower_ were -members of the Leyden congregation. Other motives, without thought -of religious dissent or separation from the Established Church of -England, had added many strangers to the company, and there arose -mutterings of discontent among them. - -It became evident, therefore, that some means should be devised -to maintain law and order as they were out of the jurisdiction of -their patent. To accomplish this the members of the Pilgrim Company -met in the cabin of the _Mayflower_ off the shores of Cape Cod on -21 November 1620 and banded themselves together by the now famous -document known as the Mayflower Compact. - -The Mayflower Compact is a great contribution to civil liberty and -democracy; it ranks with the Declaration of Independence and the -Constitution of the United States. Our democracy was based on it -from the landing of the Pilgrims. The Pilgrims established what they -planned. The Plymouth settlement was the start of religious freedom. -We owe them a great debt of gratitude. They were unimportant people, -and their departure attracted little or no attention. Some were -educated, others were not; some had means, most little or nothing, -but all had character and courage. We call them ordinary people, -but their accomplishment made history. When they wrote and signed -the Compact they gave the world a new political idea for government -by the people, and when, under the Compact, they organized the -government of Plymouth, they laid the foundation of political liberty -for this nation. - -Students of governmental history the world over, as well as -statesmen, now know of the Mayflower Compact and discuss it. It -cannot receive too much publicity, and there is no better place to -reprint it than here in this story of the “House of Edward Winslow” -where it can be easily and frequently perused. - -In no part of the world up to then did there exist a government of -just and equal laws. It is the first incident where a government was -formed by the governed, by their consent in writing at one time. -One hundred and fifty years later its principles really framed the -Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United -States, and our laws today are interwoven with the ideals of this -band of Pilgrims. - -One month after the signing of the Compact, the exploring party -of eighteen men in the ship’s shallop that had left the ship 16 -December, landed at Plymouth. Plymouth was not just what they wanted, -but as Brewster said, it was the best they had seen. They returned to -the ship and on 26 December 1620 the _Mayflower_ and her passengers -reached Plymouth. It was 31 March that the last of them went ashore -for good. - -On 15 April 1621 the _Mayflower_ sailed on her return trip, leaving -every one of the survivors of the Pilgrim Company behind. It was a -more striking picture than her departure from England. A situation -more discouraging for the Pilgrims could hardly be conceived. - -Some interesting occurrences which happened on board the _Mayflower_ -during the trip, are taken from the manuscript of “Prince’s Annals,” -in his handwriting. Prince had drawn his pen diagonally across the -passages, and they do not appear in his published work. They were -first printed in the April number 1847 the _New England Historical -and Genealogical Register_. It reads: - - “In a mighty storme a lustie yonge man called John Howland came - upon some occasion above ye gratings, was with a seele of ye ship - throwne into ye sea; but it pleased God yt he caught hould of ye - top saile halliards, which hung overboard and rane out at length; - yet he held his hould (though he was sundrie fadomes under water) - till he was hald up by ye same rope to ye brink of ye water and - then with a boat hook and other means got into ye shipe again, - and his life saved, and though he was somewhat ill with it, yet - he lived many years after, and became a profitable member both of - church and comonwelth.” - -And the manuscript goes on to tell of a proud, very profane young -man, one of the seamen of husky and able body, which made him the -more haughty, who was always annoying the poor people in their -sickness by cursing them daily and telling them he hoped to help cast -half of them overboard before they came to their journey’s end and if -he ever, by any was gently reproved, he would curse and swear most -bitterly. But it pleased God to smite this young man with a grievous -disease, of which he died in a desperate manner and so was himself -the first to be thrown overboard. - -John Carver, who had been chosen Governor, died the first winter, -and William Bradford succeeded him. The Colony grew slowly. By 1630 -it had but 300 persons in it, but it had paid the London merchants. -There is little question that the contract was burdensome and -oppressive. But as proof that the Pilgrims harbored no resentment is -this laudable act: the Plymouth Colony General Court in 1660 ordered -that twenty pounds should be sent to a Mr. Ling, one of the Merchant -Adventurers, “who had fallen to decay and had felt great extremity -of poverty, the same twenty pounds being bestowed on him towards his -relief and if it was not given voluntarily that the amount that fell -short ‘bee’ made up out of the ‘Countrey stocke’ by the Treasurer.” - -The Colony made a treaty with Massasoit, Chief of the Wampanoag -Indians, which lasted until broken by his son in 1675. By 1640 the -population had increased to over 3000. - -As for the Puritans, they became powerful in England and comprised -many men of wealth and culture and social standing. Little bodies of -them, encouraged by the example of the Pilgrims, began to settle upon -the shores of Massachusetts. In 1628 John Endicott and a shipload -took command of the place the Indians called Naumkeag and gave it -the Bible name of Salem, or Peace. When they arrived they found -Roger Conant and his followers, who were, after several years of -struggling, happily settled. Endicott practically kicked them out. -Within a few years all of Conant’s followers had moved across the -river and established new homes in what became Beverly. - -In 1629 a number of leading Puritans in England bought of the -Plymouth Company a large tract of land, bounded by the Charles -and Merrimac Rivers and stretching inland indefinitely. They got -a charter from Charles I and incorporated as the Governor and -Company of Massachusetts Bay. Under John Winthrop, a wise and able -man, they came over to Salem, bringing 1000 persons, with horses -and cattle, and during that year Charlestown, Chelsea, and a small -hilly peninsular, called by the Indians Shawmut and by the English -Trimountain, or Tremont, and soon changed to Boston, from which the -leading settlers had come, were settled. By 1634 nearly 4000 settlers -had arrived from England, coming usually in congregations, led by -their minister and settled together in parishes or townships until -there were about twenty. - -In 1636 it was voted to establish a college three miles from Boston -at a place called New Town, now Cambridge. A young clergyman, John -Harvard, bequeathed his books and half his estate and the new college -was called by his name. - -The colonization of New England was a complicated affair. The -Massachusetts Bay Colony was the largest. South of it was the -Plymouth Colony, the oldest. Then there was Rhode Island and -Providence Plantation and the Connecticut Colony. In 1643 these -four Colonies formed a confederation for defense called the United -Colonies of New England. In 1692 King William arranged things to -his liking; he annexed the Plymouth Colony to the Massachusetts Bay -Colony, but let Connecticut and Rhode Island keep their beloved -charters, and so the Plymouth Colony forever after remained a part of -Massachusetts. - -The establishment of the New England Confederacy, the division of -the ancient church, the annexation to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, -the loss of wealth and population, marked the end of Plymouth as an -independent Colony, but not of the great influence which the Plymouth -Colony and the Pilgrims have exerted, and, we hope, will continue -to exert with increasing force, in perpetuating, as it originally -established, our democratic form of government. - -[Illustration: (decorative icon)] - - - - - [Illustration: The signing of the Mayflower Compact in the cabin - of the Mayflower] - - - THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT - - _Signed in the Cabin of the “Mayflower,” Nov. 11th, Old Style, - Nov. 21st, New Style, 1620_ - - “In the name of God, amen, we whose names are underwritten, the - loyall subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by the - grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc and Ireland king, defender - of the faith, &c., haveing undertaken, for the glorie of God, and - advancemente of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and - countrie, a voyage to plant the first colonie in the northerne - parts of Virginia, doe by these presents solemnly and mutualy in - the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine - ourselves together into a civill body politick, for our better - ordering and preservation and furtherence of the ends aforesaid; - and by vertue hereof to enacte, constitute and frame such just - and equall laws, ordenances, acts, constitutions and offices, - from time to time, as shall be thought most meete and convenient - for the general good of the colonie, unto which we promise - all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have - hereunto subscribed our names at Cap-Codd the 11 of November, - in the year of the raigne of our soveraigne lord, King James of - England, Franc and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the - fifty-fourth, ANo Dom 1620.” - - ‡ John Carver ‡†* Edward Fuller - ‡ * William Bradford ‡† John Turner - ‡ * Edward Winslow ‡ * Francis Eaton - ‡ * William Brewster ‡†* James Chilton - ‡ * Isaac Allerton ‡ John Crackston - ‡ * Myles Standish ‡ * John Billington - * John Alden † Moses Fletcher - * Samuel Fuller † John Goodman - ‡† Christopher Martin †* Degory Priest - ‡†* William Mullins † Thomas Williams - ‡†* William White Gilbert Winslow - * Richard Warren † Edmond Margeson - * John Howland * Peter Brown - ‡ * Stephen Hopkins † Richard Britteridge - ‡† Edward Tilly * George Soule - ‡†* John Tilly † Richard Clarke - * Francis Cooke Richard Gardiner - †* Thomas Rogers † John Allerton - ‡† Thomas Tinker † Thomas English - ‡† John Rigdale * Edward Doty - Edward Leister - - (Note: November 21st of our Calendar is the same as November 11th - of the Old Style Calendar.) - - * Has descendants now living. - - ‡ Brought wife. - - † Died first winter. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY -HOUSE *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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margin-right: 5%;} -.poetry {display: inline-block; font-size: 80%} -.poetry .verse {text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em;} -.poetry .indentq {text-indent: -3.5em;} - -/* large inline blocks don't split well on paged devices */ -.x-ebookmaker .poetry {display: block; margin-left: 4.5em;} - - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - -/* Poetry indents */ -.poetry .indent0 {text-indent: -3em;} -.poetry .indent10 {text-indent: 5em;} - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowe12_5 {width: 12.5em;} -.illowe50 {width: 50em;} -.illowe6_25 {width: 6.25em;} -.illowp100 {width: 100%;} -.illowp56 {width: 56%;} -.illowp61 {width: 61%;} -.illowp70 {width: 70%;} -.illowp90 {width: 90%;} -.illowp95 {width: 95%;} -.illowp96 {width: 96%;} - - - /* ]]> */ </style> -</head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mayflower Society house, by Walter Merriam Pratt</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Mayflower Society house</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>Being the story of the Edward Winslow house, the Mayflower Society, the Pilgrims</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Walter Merriam Pratt</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 20, 2022 [eBook #68794]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE ***</div> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>The <a href="#Page_28">‘Mayflower Compact’</a> was in the middle of a paragraph in the -original book (on pages 28 and 29). It has been moved to the end of -this ebook.</p> - -<p>All misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, -have been left unchanged.</p> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="cover" style="max-width: 30em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="original cover" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp90" id="i001" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i001.jpg" alt="(frontispiece)" /> -</div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indentq">“<em>Sand dunes beyond the blue salt bay,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Stars twinkling on the rippling sea,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Twin lights of Gurnet far away,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>And here sweet peace for thee and me.</em>”</div> - <div class="verse indent10 fs80">—KATE GANNET WOODS</div> -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp95" id="i002" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i002.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<h1>The<br /> -Mayflower Society House</h1> - -<p class="p2 pfs120"><em>Being the Story of</em></p> - -<p class="p1 pfs80">THE EDWARD WINSLOW HOUSE · THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY<br /> -<br /> -· THE PILGRIMS ·</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="p1 pfs90"><em>By</em></p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp">WALTER MERRIAM PRATT</p> - -<p class="pfs100"><em>Governor-General of the</em></p> - -<p class="pfs90">GENERAL SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="figcenter illowe12_5" id="i003"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i003.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="pfs60">SECOND EDITION</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs80"><em>Privately Printed</em></p> - -<p class="p1 pfs90 lsp">UNIVERSITY PRESS</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs90">Cambridge, Massachusetts</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100">1950</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[Pg 4]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe50" id="i004"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i004.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">NORTH STREET, PLYMOUTH</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i005" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i005.jpg" alt="(decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak">THE<br /> -MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE</h2> - - -<p class="drop-capy">A NOTABLE accomplishment of the General Society of -Mayflower Descendants was the purchase in 1941 of the -Edward Winslow House in Plymouth, Massachusetts, a -house of great beauty and dignity, with history and atmosphere, -perfectly located on North Street, one of the five streets laid out -by the Pilgrims, overlooking Plymouth Rock and Cole’s Hill, where -lie the bones of many of the Pilgrims.</p> - -<p>North Street was laid out before 1633. It was first named New -Street, later Queen Street, and for some years was called Howland -Street, presumably because Joseph Howland, son of John Howland, -the Pilgrim, owned land on the north side. His son Thomas inherited -it, and in turn it descended to the latter’s son, Consider Howland, -who sold it to Edward Winslow, the great-grandson of Edward -Winslow, third Governor of the Colony. The younger Winslow -attended Harvard College and then settled in Plymouth. He became -Clerk of the Court, Registrar of Probate, and Collector of the -Port. He married in 1741, the widow, Hannah Howland Dyer, a -sister of Consider Howland, and in 1754 built the house.</p> - -<p>Winslow was a Royalist and an outspoken supporter of the King. -Although a popular man, the townspeople became infuriated at his -lack of patriotism, which eventually cost him his town offices and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -revenue. His son joined the King’s forces, and he frequently entertained -the British officers at his home. After the evacuation of -Boston by the British, Winslow moved his family to New York, and -was granted a pension by Sir Henry Clinton.</p> - -<p>Later the family went to Halifax, as did thousands of other Tories, -where Winslow died the following year, at the age of seventy-two. -He was buried in St. Paul’s Churchyard, mourned by all the dignitaries -of the city. At this time Canada was actively hostile to -the United States.</p> - -<p>In order to support his family after losing his offices, Winslow -had pledged his house as security for loans of money made him by -Thomas Davis, William Thomas, Oakes Angier, and John Rowe. -When he left Plymouth the house was sold on an “execution” at a -sacrifice to satisfy the creditors, much to Winslow’s indignation. -It is often mistakenly stated that his property was confiscated. -The house at this time was half its present size and, as was customary -in those days, sat close to the ground, as well as to the street. -The frame of the house and some of the paneling are said to have -been brought from England, although American craftsmen could -and did construct similar houses and paneling.</p> - -<p>From Winslow’s creditors the house passed into the hands of -Thomas Jackson who occupied it as a residence until 1813, when -he moved to the so-called Cotton Farm. The house then passed -by an execution from Mr. Jackson to his cousin Charles Jackson, -who died in it in 1818 and whose son, Charles Thomas Jackson, -born 21 June 1805, played an interesting part in the civil history -of this country. He had a keen mind, was a student of electricity -and magnetism, but medicine was his main study. He graduated -from Harvard Medical School in 1827, finishing his studies abroad. -He returned to America on the sailing vessel with Samuel F. B.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -Morse, and their meeting may have helped Morse perfect his telegraphic -instrument. It is known that Jackson made and displayed -a model of a telegraphic instrument a year before Morse patented -the one that made him famous.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i007" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i007.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">CHARLES THOMAS JACKSON       WILLIAM T. G. MORTON      </div> -</div> - -<p>Jackson was greatly interested in geology and was the State -Geologist of Maine in 1836, Rhode Island in 1839, and New Hampshire -in 1840, but his greatest claim to fame is his share in discovering -etherization and his association with Dr. W. T. G. Morton, a -dental surgeon, fourteen years his junior, who studied medicine in -his office. Jackson is believed to have made his first personal experiments -with the inhalation of ether in the house at Plymouth, -and the chair in which he sat is displayed in Pilgrim Hall. Morton -patented the process of anesthesia by ether in 1846 and he sued -Jackson for claiming the discovery of the anesthetic effects of inhalation -of ether back in the winter of 1841-42. The French Government -investigated the matter and decreed Jackson a 2500 franc -prize as the discoverer, and a similar prize to Morton for being the -first to apply it to surgical operations.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp56" id="i008" style="max-width: 35em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i008.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">RALPH WALDO EMERSON IN THE EAST ROOM WHERE HE WAS MARRIED</div> -</div> - -<p>Jackson’s slightly older sister Lydia, sometimes called Lidian, -became the second wife of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American -poet and philosopher. Their marriage took place in 1835 in the -east parlor, later known as the music room.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp96" id="i009" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i009.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">ROOM WHEREIN LYDIA JACKSON MARRIED RALPH WALDO EMERSON</div> -</div> - -<p>The house was sold by the Charles Jackson heirs in 1872 to Lucia J. -Briggs, the wife of the Rev. George W. Briggs, who occupied it as a -summer residence until 1898, when it was purchased by Charles L. -Willoughby, of Chicago, for a summer home. Gardens were planned -and planted. Joseph Everett Chandler, authority on the restoration -of New England houses and author of books on the subject, -was retained to supervise the work, and it is he we have to thank -that so much was saved when it was converted into a gentleman’s -estate. He it was who saw to it that the new windows, inner shutters, -paneling, and many details, are in keeping with the original structure. -He even saw to it that the Tory chimney, with its coping -painted black, was saved and that the two lovely linden trees, said -to have been planted by Edward Winslow’s daughter Penelope, were -protected during the alteration. In tearing off the ell on the north -side, a board was uncovered on which was painted “Built by William -Drew 1820,” which indicates additions were made that year. The -house was moved back thirty feet, raised five, porches were built, -side doors, new rooms, and a cupola or, as some erroneously call it, -a Widow’s Walk, were added.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp61" id="i010" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i010.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">FRONT HALL WITH CHARMING TWO-WAY STAIRCASE</div> -</div> - -<p>To own an old house is a great privilege, but it is also a great -responsibility. No amount of money could have made the Winslow -house so interesting as its association with events of history and -famous people has made it.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i011" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i011.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S BEDROOM WHICH HAS A GLORIOUS VIEW SEAWARD</div> -</div> - -<p>Improvements were continued after Mr. Willoughby’s death. -Adjoining houses were purchased and razed, improving the view of -the Rock and the ocean, and the land they were on was added to -the already extensive garden.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp56" id="i012" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i012.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">ONE OF THE TWIN CORNER CUPBOARDS AND RECESSED WINDOWS IN THE MAHOGANY DINING ROOM</div> -</div> - -<p>A five-car garage was built to the far side of the garden, arranged -so that it would be possible to use it as a charity theatre, with quarters -overhead for the gardener and his family. As protection against -the elements and the public, a six foot red brick wall of Colonial -design was erected on the south and east sides of the estate.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i013" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i013.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p>REAR GARDEN TEA HOUSE AND CONSERVATORY FROM THE SOLARIUM</p></div> -</div> - -<p>After Mrs. Willoughby’s death, her daughter offered the property -for sale. It is fortunate that it passed into the hands of the General -Society of Mayflower Descendants (31 December 1941). It might -have become a Tea Room, a Road House, or something worse. -The Society immediately took up the work of restoration and preservation -where Mr. Chandler had left off, but before work could even be -started, World War II broke out and the entire Winslow House was -turned over to the Plymouth Chapter of the American Red Cross for -the duration without charge of any kind. Due to confusion, especially -of legal nature, likely to arise, and which in fact had arisen, by the -existence of a Winslow House in nearby Marshfield, it was decided -at the Seventeenth Congress of the General Society held in Plymouth -September 1946, and so voted, to change the name of the Edward -Winslow House to the Mayflower Society House.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i014_1" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i014_1.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">THE PIAZZA WITH IMPOSING PILLARS. A BEAUTIFUL VIEW ACROSS THE BAY</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i014_2" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i014_2.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">CANOPY OVER PLYMOUTH ROCK. A VISTA THROUGH THE TREES. DEDICATED IN 1920</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p> - -<p>The house today is far different from the one Edward Winslow -built in 1754, but, as the headquarters of a large society, it is better -adapted. The interior is being brought back to something of its -original appearance with paint and replicas of old wall paper and -by gifts and purchases of furniture of the 18th Century period. -Members of the Mayflower Society and any interested in preserving -the best of the 18th century are asked to contribute items of furniture, -wearing apparel, books or other items of the period. All gifts -and loans, before being accepted, are passed on by a competent -committee. To have an item accepted and exhibited in the Mayflower -Society House will some day be a distinction.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i015" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i015.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p>SIMILAR VIEW TO THE FRONTISPIECE BUT SHOWING SOLARIUM</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p> - -<p>The Mayflower Society House is not only a show place of Plymouth, -but of the entire country. This lovely and famous house is -owned, free and clear of indebtedness, by the General Society of -Mayflower Descendants. To insure its perpetual care through -generations to come, an endowment is sought to which the public -is asked to and should contribute.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i016" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i016.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">FROM THE FRONT GATE—LOOKING TO THE LANDING</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i017" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i017.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">This Canopy, built at a cost of $20,000.00, covered Plymouth Rock from 1866 until the Rock was returned -to its original location in 1920. Behind the Canopy is Cole’s Hill, and just to the right of it is -the Mayflower Society House</div> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_GENERAL_SOCIETY_OF">THE GENERAL SOCIETY OF -MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS</h2> - -<p class="drop-capy">NOT until 1894 did descendants of the passengers of the -<i>Mayflower</i> organize to perpetuate the ideals and commemorate -the memory of their ancestors. The first Society -was formed 22 December 1894 in New York, followed by -societies in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania within -18 months. These societies founded the General Society 12 January -1897. The General Society now consists of 40 State Societies, with -a membership of over 7600 men and women.</p> - -<p>19 February 1923 the General Society was incorporated under -the laws of Massachusetts. Among those signing the petition to the -Great and General Court were Major General Leonard Wood,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -William Howard Taft, and Henry Cabot Lodge. The Mayflower -Society is not interested in the wealth of its members, or their social -standing, or their politics, although two Presidents of the United -States have been members. Two others were eligible but passed on -before its organization. It is proud, however, of the notable achievements -of many of its members.</p> - -<p>Some of the patriotic Societies were in early days largely social in -character. Many joined solely of pride in their ancestry. Democracy -was not then under attack and needed no defenders. The country’s -growth since the turn of the century has brought to the United -States a tremendous number of persons fleeing from Old World -conditions. Our melting pot did well for a time; of recent years our -freedom has been attacked. The Society now has a mission—that -of spreading the wisdom and ideals of our ancestors to the masses -who have come to our shores.</p> - -<p>The Society has accomplished much in its effort to discover and -publish matter relating to the Pilgrims. It has aided in establishing -memorials and has contributed over $100,000.00 toward the Bradford -Memorial Tablet, the Provincetown Monument, the Monument -to the Pilgrims at Southampton, England, the Sarcophagus on -Cole’s Hill, Plymouth, the Aptuxet Trading Post, at Bourne, the -Mayflower Index, and to lesser memorials throughout the country. -One of the most important things accomplished is the purchase and -restoration of the Mayflower Society House. This is more than a -National Headquarters. It is propaganda for Americanism. It is -a landmark that will inspire those who visit Plymouth to increase -their knowledge of the Pilgrims and thus help make better citizens -of them, and it is a contribution to patriotism. Plymouth welcomes -another museum house, particularly an 18th century one, where -visitors may learn more of Colonial life and customs. The important<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -thing is that visitors to the Mayflower Society House, who number -thousands each year, coming from every state in the Union, find -there exists an organization to perpetuate the memory and carry -forward the ideals of the Pilgrims.</p> - -<p>When the General Society of Mayflower Descendants was organized, -it adopted a declaration of purpose, the most important part -of which is to commemorate and honor the Pilgrims, to defend -the principle of civil and religious liberty, as set forth in the <a href="#Page_28">Mayflower -Compact</a>, to discover and publish original matter pertaining -to the Pilgrims, and to authenticate, preserve, and mark spots of -Pilgrim association.</p> - -<p>These things the historian, orator, and poet have helped do. In -our libraries are carefully prepared writings on the subject by Fiske, -Dexter, John Quincy Adams and Daniel Webster, Choate, Everett -and Sumner, and so on down to Henry Cabot Lodge, Calvin Coolidge, -and the third Governor Bradford. So diligent have writers and -speakers been, it is difficult to find and add new facts.</p> - -<p>There are those who say, “It’s not what my ancestors did, it’s -what I’ve done. I live in the present, not the past.” One must -make good, but statistics prove those most successful are the first -to preserve the best of the past.</p> - -<p>It is fitting and proper that the descendants of the Pilgrims should -gather in Plymouth from time to time and give expression to the -respect, gratitude and admiration they feel for the Pilgrims. To -express sympathy for them for the terrible months they spent crossing -the stormy Atlantic, and the added months on shipboard while -shelters were being erected on shore for the first winter in a foreign -land, when nearly half the company died of scurvy and ship fever, -in spite of which not one member gave up and returned to England -when the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span></p> - -<p>The Pilgrims believed in the equality of all men before God; they, -therefore, made all men equal before the Law. On the Sarcophagus, -which contains the remains of some of the Pilgrims, is this inscription:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“This monument marks the first burying-ground in Plymouth of the Passengers -of the Mayflower. Here, under cover of darkness, the fast dwindling -Company laid their dead; levelling the earth above them lest the -Indians should learn how many were the graves. <em>READER</em>, History -records no nobler venture for Faith and Freedom than that of this Pilgrim -band. In weariness and painfulness, in watchings often, in hunger and -cold they laid the foundations of a State wherein every man, through -countless ages, should have liberty to worship God in his own way. May -their example inspire thee to do thy part in perpetuating and spreading -throughout the World the lofty Ideals of our Republic.”</p> -</div> - -<p>We must admire the Pilgrims for their courage and piety, for their -attachment to civil rights and religious liberty in exile, under unhappy -conditions.</p> - -<p>There was a famine the first year, but no actual starvation as there -were wild fowl, shellfish, and berries in abundance, but there was -cold and snow, and there were Indians and sickness to cope with.</p> - -<p>A great disaster befell the community the second year which -seldom seems to be mentioned, but which would have discouraged -less resolute souls. The ship <i>Fortune</i> carrying their entire year’s -yield of furs and products to England to be sold, was captured by -the French as a prize.</p> - -<p>The gist of the preface of a book entitled “The Pilgrim Fathers,” -by W. H. Bartlett, published in London, England, in 1853, is—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Of the many heroic emigrations from our island, which have covered the -face of the earth, no one is more singular than the band of sectaries driven -forth in the reign of James I. In an age when toleration was unknown, -they were thrust forth from their native land, thus the harshness of the -rulers became the instrument which planted on American shores a mighty -republic, the proudest and most powerful offshoot of the mother country, -whose institutions, as thus founded, are not without a powerful reaction -upon her own.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span></p> - -<p>“The details of the story are unknown to the mass of English readers, -while across the Atlantic they are known to almost every child, and numerous -are the works published about them and many are the Americans who -visit Boston, Scrooby and Leyden, but these publications and researchers -are all unknown in England and therefore this continuous narrative.”</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_PILGRIMS">THE PILGRIMS</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="drop-capy">WHO and what were the Pilgrims and in what way did they -differ from the Puritans? They both were English and -both lived in the same generation. The Pilgrims were a -small band of staunch men, women and children who came to America -for religious freedom. They were a part of a great movement. The -Protestant Reformation, set on foot in England during the reign of -Henry VIII, was finally accomplished in 1588 by the defeat of the -Spanish Armada. It did not secure freedom of action or worship, -however. There was no country then where such liberty was allowed; -in fact, such a thing had never been thought of. The Reformation -made the Sovereign, instead of the Pope, the head of the church -in England, and there were changes in doctrine and ceremonials, but -everyone was required to attend church whether he wished to or not -and was also taxed to support it. The Bible had just been translated -from Latin into English, and for the first time it was being -generally circulated (1557-60).</p> - -<p>Among the Protestant reformers there were many who were not -satisfied with the doctrines and ritual of the English church. They -wished to simplify the government of the church and drop some of -the ceremonies. This they considered purifying the church, which -gave them the name of Puritans. Most of them had no thought or -intention of leaving the Established Church. They wished to stay -and be a part of it, but to change it according to their ideas.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="i022" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i022.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">EDWARD WINSLOW, third Governor of Plymouth Colony. Great-grandfather of Edward Winslow, -builder of The Mayflower Society House. Painted during a visit to England. Winslow is the only -Pilgrim of whom there exists an authentic picture</div> -</div> - -<p>Early in 1567 a number of ministers, despairing of getting the -desired changes, made up their minds to separate from the church -and hold religious services of their own. Robert Brown was one of -them and went about the country advocating this policy of separation. -Those who adopted it became known as Separatists or -Brownists. They did not believe in having bishops rule over them. -Some denied that the queen was head of the church. This was called -treason. These were the people who became Pilgrims. The Puritans<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -also questioned the spiritual authority of the bishops and claimed -the right to worship as they saw fit, but they did nothing in particular -about it.</p> - -<p>The Separatists, or better, Independents, which describes them -accurately, established a little church in the hamlet of Scrooby, -near Lincoln, where a congregation listened to the eloquent preaching -of John Robinson. English laws provided imprisonment for -those who refused to attend the Established Church, or were present -at unlawful assemblies, with the further penalties, that the convicted -must conform within three months or leave the country. If -he refused, he should be deemed a felon and put to death without -the benefit of clergy. The little church at Scrooby could not continue -under these conditions. Some of the Separatists had given -their lives, some were in prison, and others were in exile. Brown -had fled the country, and so its members determined to cross to -Holland. Under existing laws a family could not migrate without -a license, and they were denied one. It was as dangerous to remain -as it was to attempt to leave secretly. Meetings were held, and -Separatists from Scrooby, Bristol, Exeter, Boston, and sundry other -places planned to flee.</p> - -<p>In October 1607 they made their first attempt to leave from -Boston in a chartered ship. They were seized, searched, and imprisoned. -After a month all but seven of the principal men were -released.</p> - -<p>The next year they arranged with a Dutch ship to meet them at -a port near Grimsby at the mouth of the Humber, but the cautious -skipper got scared and after taking a few of the women and children -aboard, cast off, leaving the husbands and a majority to be seized -by the sheriff and his men. Following this, there was no mass effort -to cross to Holland, but, with much difficulty and by departing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span> -one or two at a time, all got over. After a short stay in Amsterdam -they made their way to Leyden. Here they were joined by other -refugees from England, until there were more than a thousand. -The Pilgrims remained in Leyden for eleven years (1609 to 1620). -Brewster became a printer, Robinson entered the University, and -all found work in different occupations. They labored hard and -continuously. They found in Holland peace and the religious -freedom they had left their English homes for, but there were other -factors which made them, after a decade, seriously consider leaving -Holland. They wished the protection of the English flag; they -were losing the English language, and their children were marrying -among the Dutch. After careful consideration they decided that -the Virginia Colony, extending from Florida to New York, offered -the best opportunity. Because of their separation from the Established -Church, the King would not guarantee them protection, -but agreed not to molest them, and under this agreement they -obtained a patent from the London Company to settle on the New -Jersey Coast.</p> - -<p>It was necessary to secure financial aid, and this they obtained -from a group of London merchants, known as the Adventurers. -The contract was an oppressive one and became more so as the -colonists built their houses; but it cannot be called unfair, considering -the financial risk involved. It provided that for seven -years the income of the colony should go into a common fund and -from this the colonists would get their living. At the end of the period -the investment and profits, real and personal, should be equally -divided between the Adventurers and the Planters in accordance -with the number of shares each held. Its effect was to establish a -community life which, long before the seven years were up, resulted -in embarrassment and open disaffection, and a compromise between<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -the parties was effected by which the Adventurers were to be paid -the sum of eighteen hundred pounds sterling 26 November 1626. -Here was Communism pure and simple, and it was a monumental -failure and was given up after three years. If Communism cannot -succeed under these conditions, with the type of people the Pilgrims -were, speaking the same language, governed by the same laws, with -common history, tradition, and memories, how could Communism -possibly prove a success under far less favorable circumstances -today?</p> - -<p>The conditions upon which the Pilgrims secured their transportation -to America indicate the exhausted state of their finances, and -they probably never would have given their assent to the conditions -imposed, if not absolutely forced to do so. The famous Captain John -Smith wrote in 1624 that the Adventurers who raised the money -to begin and supply the Plymouth plantation were about seventy -in number, some merchants, some handicraftsmen, some risking -great sums, some small, as their affection served. They dwelt mostly -about London, knit together by a voluntary combination in a society, -without constraint or penalty, aiming to do good and plant religion. -The sad intelligence conveyed by the <i>Mayflower</i> on her return to -London of the sufferings, sickness, and death, produced a disheartening -effect in the most zealous friends, and the necessary supplies -required by the infant colony were refused, though they had been -promised.</p> - -<p>After the Pilgrims had secured financial aid the little band (July -1620) left Leyden and sailed from Delfts-haven in Holland in the -<i>Speedwell</i>, which they had bought for the purpose, to Southampton -where the <i>Mayflower</i> was awaiting them with friends. Two weeks -later the <i>Mayflower</i> and the <i>Speedwell</i> left Southampton for America. -The <i>Mayflower</i> of one hundred and eighty tons burden (the <i>Queen<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -Mary</i> of today is over eighty-three thousand tons) had been chartered -to transport a part of the Leyden congregation to America.</p> - -<p>Before they were out of the English Channel the <i>Speedwell</i> began -leaking badly and they ran into Dartmouth for repairs. 2 September -they made a second start, but trouble developed and they returned -this time to Plymouth. Here they reorganized the expedition. -The <i>Speedwell</i> was left behind, some of her passengers were taken on -the <i>Mayflower</i> and the others left in England. On 16 September -1620 the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed again and ten weeks later, after a voyage -filled with hardships and peril, having been driven far off her course, -came to anchor in Cape Cod Harbor. When the Cape was sighted -it was decided to sail south for a permanent home, but before the -day was over they found themselves in dangerous shoals and roaring -breakers and turned back to settle beyond the limits of their patent.</p> - -<p>Only about one half of the passengers on the <i>Mayflower</i> were -members of the Leyden congregation. Other motives, without -thought of religious dissent or separation from the Established Church -of England, had added many strangers to the company, and there -arose mutterings of discontent among them.</p> - -<p>It became evident, therefore, that some means should be devised -to maintain law and order as they were out of the jurisdiction of -their patent. To accomplish this the members of the Pilgrim Company -met in the cabin of the <i>Mayflower</i> off the shores of Cape Cod -on 21 November 1620 and banded themselves together by the now -famous document known as the Mayflower Compact.</p> - -<p>The <a href="#Page_28">Mayflower Compact</a> is a great contribution to civil liberty -and democracy; it ranks with the Declaration of Independence and -the Constitution of the United States. Our democracy was based -on it from the landing of the Pilgrims. The Pilgrims established -what they planned. The Plymouth settlement was the start of religious<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -freedom. We owe them a great debt of gratitude. They were -unimportant people, and their departure attracted little or no attention. -Some were educated, others were not; some had means, -most little or nothing, but all had character and courage. We call -them ordinary people, but their accomplishment made history. -When they wrote and signed the Compact they gave the world a -new political idea for government by the people, and when, under -the Compact, they organized the government of Plymouth, they -laid the foundation of political liberty for this nation.</p> - -<p>Students of governmental history the world over, as well as statesmen, -now know of the Mayflower Compact and discuss it. It cannot -receive too much publicity, and there is no better place to reprint -it than here in this story of the “House of Edward Winslow” where -it can be easily and frequently perused.</p> - -<p>In no part of the world up to then did there exist a government -of just and equal laws. It is the first incident where a government -was formed by the governed, by their consent in writing at one -time. One hundred and fifty years later its principles really framed -the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United -States, and our laws today are interwoven with the ideals of this -band of Pilgrims.</p> - -<p>One month after the signing of the Compact, the exploring party -of eighteen men in the ship’s shallop that had left the ship 16 December, -landed at Plymouth. Plymouth was not just what they wanted, -but as Brewster said, it was the best they had seen. They returned -to the ship and on 26 December 1620 the <i>Mayflower</i> and her passengers -reached Plymouth. It was 31 March that the last of them -went ashore for good.</p> - -<p>On 15 April 1621 the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed on her return trip, leaving -every one of the survivors of the Pilgrim Company behind. It was a -more striking picture than her departure from England. A situation<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -more discouraging for the Pilgrims could hardly be conceived.</p> - -<p>Some interesting occurrences which happened on board the <i>Mayflower</i> -during the trip, are taken from the manuscript of “Prince’s -Annals,” in his handwriting. Prince had drawn his pen diagonally -across the passages, and they do not appear in his published work. -They were first printed in the April number 1847 the <cite>New England -Historical and Genealogical Register</cite>. It reads:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“In a mighty storme a lustie yonge man called John Howland came upon -some occasion above ye gratings, was with a seele of ye ship throwne into -ye sea; but it pleased God yt he caught hould of ye top saile halliards, -which hung overboard and rane out at length; yet he held his hould (though -he was sundrie fadomes under water) till he was hald up by ye same rope -to ye brink of ye water and then with a boat hook and other means got -into ye shipe again, and his life saved, and though he was somewhat ill -with it, yet he lived many years after, and became a profitable member -both of church and comonwelth.”</p> -</div> - -<p>And the manuscript goes on to tell of a proud, very profane young -man, one of the seamen of husky and able body, which made him the -more haughty, who was always annoying the poor people in their -sickness by cursing them daily and telling them he hoped to help -cast half of them overboard before they came to their journey’s end -and if he ever, by any was gently reproved, he would curse and -swear most bitterly. But it pleased God to smite this young man -with a grievous disease, of which he died in a desperate manner and -so was himself the first to be thrown overboard.</p> - -<p>John Carver, who had been chosen Governor, died the first winter, -and William Bradford succeeded him. The Colony grew slowly. -By 1630 it had but 300 persons in it, but it had paid the London -merchants. There is little question that the contract was burdensome -and oppressive. But as proof that the Pilgrims harbored no<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -resentment is this laudable act: the Plymouth Colony General Court -in 1660 ordered that twenty pounds should be sent to a Mr. Ling, one -of the Merchant Adventurers, “who had fallen to decay and had felt -great extremity of poverty, the same twenty pounds being bestowed -on him towards his relief and if it was not given voluntarily that -the amount that fell short ‘bee’ made up out of the ‘Countrey -stocke’ by the Treasurer.”</p> - -<p>The Colony made a treaty with Massasoit, Chief of the Wampanoag -Indians, which lasted until broken by his son in 1675. By -1640 the population had increased to over 3000.</p> - -<p>As for the Puritans, they became powerful in England and comprised -many men of wealth and culture and social standing. Little -bodies of them, encouraged by the example of the Pilgrims, began -to settle upon the shores of Massachusetts. In 1628 John Endicott -and a shipload took command of the place the Indians called Naumkeag -and gave it the Bible name of Salem, or Peace. When they arrived -they found Roger Conant and his followers, who were, after -several years of struggling, happily settled. Endicott practically -kicked them out. Within a few years all of Conant’s followers had -moved across the river and established new homes in what became -Beverly.</p> - -<p>In 1629 a number of leading Puritans in England bought of the -Plymouth Company a large tract of land, bounded by the Charles -and Merrimac Rivers and stretching inland indefinitely. They got a -charter from Charles I and incorporated as the Governor and Company -of Massachusetts Bay. Under John Winthrop, a wise and -able man, they came over to Salem, bringing 1000 persons, with -horses and cattle, and during that year Charlestown, Chelsea, and a -small hilly peninsular, called by the Indians Shawmut and by the -English Trimountain, or Tremont, and soon changed to Boston, from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span> -which the leading settlers had come, were settled. By 1634 nearly -4000 settlers had arrived from England, coming usually in congregations, -led by their minister and settled together in parishes or -townships until there were about twenty.</p> - -<p>In 1636 it was voted to establish a college three miles from Boston -at a place called New Town, now Cambridge. A young clergyman, -John Harvard, bequeathed his books and half his estate and the -new college was called by his name.</p> - -<p>The colonization of New England was a complicated affair. The -Massachusetts Bay Colony was the largest. South of it was the -Plymouth Colony, the oldest. Then there was Rhode Island and -Providence Plantation and the Connecticut Colony. In 1643 these -four Colonies formed a confederation for defense called the United -Colonies of New England. In 1692 King William arranged things -to his liking; he annexed the Plymouth Colony to the Massachusetts -Bay Colony, but let Connecticut and Rhode Island keep their -beloved charters, and so the Plymouth Colony forever after remained -a part of Massachusetts.</p> - -<p>The establishment of the New England Confederacy, the division -of the ancient church, the annexation to the Massachusetts -Bay Colony, the loss of wealth and population, marked the end of -Plymouth as an independent Colony, but not of the great influence -which the Plymouth Colony and the Pilgrims have exerted, and, we -hope, will continue to exert with increasing force, in perpetuating, -as it originally established, our democratic form of government.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe6_25" id="i032"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i032.jpg" alt="(decorative icon)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i028" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i028.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">The signing of the Mayflower Compact in the cabin of the Mayflower</div> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="COMPACT">THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT</h2> - - <div class="compact"> -<p class="noindent"><em>Signed in the Cabin of the “Mayflower,” Nov. 11th, Old Style, Nov. -21st, New Style, 1620</em></p> - -<p>“In the name of God, amen, we whose names are underwritten, -the loyall subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord, -King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc -and Ireland king, defender of the faith, &c., haveing undertaken, -for the glorie of God, and advancemente of the -Christian faith, and honor of our king and countrie, a voyage -to plant the first colonie in the northerne parts of Virginia, -doe by these presents solemnly and mutualy in the presence -of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves -together into a civill body politick, for our better ordering -and preservation and furtherence of the ends aforesaid; -and by vertue hereof to enacte, constitute and frame such -just and equall laws, ordenances, acts, constitutions and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meete -and convenient for the general good of the colonie, unto -which we promise all due submission and obedience. In -witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at -Cap-Codd the 11 of November, in the year of the raigne of -our soveraigne lord, King James of England, Franc and -Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, -ANo Dom 1620.”</p> - -<table class="autotable"> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡</td> -<td class="tdl">John Carver</td> -<td class="tdr">‡†*</td> -<td class="tdl">Edward Fuller</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">William Bradford</td> -<td class="tdr">‡†</td> -<td class="tdl">John Turner</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">Edward Winslow</td> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">Francis Eaton</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">William Brewster</td> -<td class="tdr">‡†*</td> -<td class="tdl">James Chilton</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">Isaac Allerton</td> -<td class="tdr">‡</td> -<td class="tdl">John Crackston</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">Myles Standish</td> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">John Billington</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">John Alden</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">Moses Fletcher</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">Samuel Fuller</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">John Goodman</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡†</td> -<td class="tdl">Christopher Martin          </td> -<td class="tdr">†*</td> -<td class="tdl">Degory Priest</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡†*</td> -<td class="tdl">William Mullins</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">Thomas Williams</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡†*</td> -<td class="tdl">William White</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdl">Gilbert Winslow</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">Richard Warren</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">Edmond Margeson</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">John Howland</td> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">Peter Brown</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡*</td> -<td class="tdl">Stephen Hopkins</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">Richard Britteridge</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡†</td> -<td class="tdl">Edward Tilly</td> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">George Soule</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡†*</td> -<td class="tdl">John Tilly</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">Richard Clarke</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">Francis Cooke</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdl">Richard Gardiner</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">†*</td> -<td class="tdl">Thomas Rogers</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">John Allerton</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡†</td> -<td class="tdl">Thomas Tinker</td> -<td class="tdr">†</td> -<td class="tdl">Thomas English</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">‡†</td> -<td class="tdl">John Rigdale</td> -<td class="tdr">*</td> -<td class="tdl">Edward Doty</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="4">Edward Leister</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="noindent">(Note: November 21st of our Calendar is the same as November 11th<br /> -of the Old Style Calendar.)</p> - -<p>* Has descendants now living.</p> - -<p>‡ Brought wife.</p> - -<p>† Died first winter.</p> - - </div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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