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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #68794 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68794)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mayflower Society house, by Walter
-Merriam Pratt
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: The Mayflower Society house
- Being the story of the Edward Winslow house, the Mayflower
- Society, the Pilgrims
-
-Author: Walter Merriam Pratt
-
-Release Date: August 20, 2022 [eBook #68794]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed
- Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY
-HOUSE ***
-
-
-
-
-
- TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
-
- Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
-
- The ‘Mayflower Compact’ was in the middle of a paragraph in the
- original book (on pages 28 and 29). It has been moved to the end
- of this ebook.
-
- All misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage,
- have been left unchanged.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: (frontispiece)]
-
- “_Sand dunes beyond the blue salt bay,
- Stars twinkling on the rippling sea,
- Twin lights of Gurnet far away,
- And here sweet peace for thee and me._”
- —KATE GANNET WOODS
-
-
-[Illustration: THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE]
-
-
-
-
- The
- Mayflower Society House
-
- _Being the Story of_
-
- THE EDWARD WINSLOW HOUSE · THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY
- · THE PILGRIMS ·
-
- _By_
-
- WALTER MERRIAM PRATT
-
- _Governor-General of the_
- GENERAL SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS
-
-
- 1620 [Illustration] 1897
-
-
- SECOND EDITION
-
- _Privately Printed_
-
- UNIVERSITY PRESS
-
- Cambridge, Massachusetts
-
- 1950
-
-
-[Illustration: NORTH STREET, PLYMOUTH]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: (decorative banner)]
-
-THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE
-
-
-A notable accomplishment of the General Society of Mayflower
-Descendants was the purchase in 1941 of the Edward Winslow House in
-Plymouth, Massachusetts, a house of great beauty and dignity, with
-history and atmosphere, perfectly located on North Street, one of the
-five streets laid out by the Pilgrims, overlooking Plymouth Rock and
-Cole’s Hill, where lie the bones of many of the Pilgrims.
-
-North Street was laid out before 1633. It was first named New Street,
-later Queen Street, and for some years was called Howland Street,
-presumably because Joseph Howland, son of John Howland, the Pilgrim,
-owned land on the north side. His son Thomas inherited it, and in
-turn it descended to the latter’s son, Consider Howland, who sold
-it to Edward Winslow, the great-grandson of Edward Winslow, third
-Governor of the Colony. The younger Winslow attended Harvard College
-and then settled in Plymouth. He became Clerk of the Court, Registrar
-of Probate, and Collector of the Port. He married in 1741, the widow,
-Hannah Howland Dyer, a sister of Consider Howland, and in 1754 built
-the house.
-
-Winslow was a Royalist and an outspoken supporter of the King.
-Although a popular man, the townspeople became infuriated at his
-lack of patriotism, which eventually cost him his town offices
-and revenue. His son joined the King’s forces, and he frequently
-entertained the British officers at his home. After the evacuation of
-Boston by the British, Winslow moved his family to New York, and was
-granted a pension by Sir Henry Clinton.
-
-Later the family went to Halifax, as did thousands of other Tories,
-where Winslow died the following year, at the age of seventy-two. He
-was buried in St. Paul’s Churchyard, mourned by all the dignitaries
-of the city. At this time Canada was actively hostile to the United
-States.
-
-In order to support his family after losing his offices, Winslow
-had pledged his house as security for loans of money made him by
-Thomas Davis, William Thomas, Oakes Angier, and John Rowe. When he
-left Plymouth the house was sold on an “execution” at a sacrifice to
-satisfy the creditors, much to Winslow’s indignation. It is often
-mistakenly stated that his property was confiscated. The house at
-this time was half its present size and, as was customary in those
-days, sat close to the ground, as well as to the street. The frame of
-the house and some of the paneling are said to have been brought from
-England, although American craftsmen could and did construct similar
-houses and paneling.
-
-From Winslow’s creditors the house passed into the hands of Thomas
-Jackson who occupied it as a residence until 1813, when he moved to
-the so-called Cotton Farm. The house then passed by an execution from
-Mr. Jackson to his cousin Charles Jackson, who died in it in 1818
-and whose son, Charles Thomas Jackson, born 21 June 1805, played an
-interesting part in the civil history of this country. He had a keen
-mind, was a student of electricity and magnetism, but medicine was
-his main study. He graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1827,
-finishing his studies abroad. He returned to America on the sailing
-vessel with Samuel F. B. Morse, and their meeting may have helped
-Morse perfect his telegraphic instrument. It is known that Jackson
-made and displayed a model of a telegraphic instrument a year before
-Morse patented the one that made him famous.
-
-[Illustration: CHARLES THOMAS JACKSON   WILLIAM T. G. MORTON]
-
-Jackson was greatly interested in geology and was the State Geologist
-of Maine in 1836, Rhode Island in 1839, and New Hampshire in
-1840, but his greatest claim to fame is his share in discovering
-etherization and his association with Dr. W. T. G. Morton, a
-dental surgeon, fourteen years his junior, who studied medicine in
-his office. Jackson is believed to have made his first personal
-experiments with the inhalation of ether in the house at Plymouth,
-and the chair in which he sat is displayed in Pilgrim Hall. Morton
-patented the process of anesthesia by ether in 1846 and he sued
-Jackson for claiming the discovery of the anesthetic effects of
-inhalation of ether back in the winter of 1841-42. The French
-Government investigated the matter and decreed Jackson a 2500 franc
-prize as the discoverer, and a similar prize to Morton for being the
-first to apply it to surgical operations.
-
-[Illustration: RALPH WALDO EMERSON IN THE EAST ROOM WHERE HE WAS
-MARRIED]
-
-Jackson’s slightly older sister Lydia, sometimes called Lidian,
-became the second wife of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American poet and
-philosopher. Their marriage took place in 1835 in the east parlor,
-later known as the music room.
-
-[Illustration: ROOM WHEREIN LYDIA JACKSON MARRIED RALPH WALDO EMERSON]
-
-The house was sold by the Charles Jackson heirs in 1872 to Lucia J.
-Briggs, the wife of the Rev. George W. Briggs, who occupied it as
-a summer residence until 1898, when it was purchased by Charles L.
-Willoughby, of Chicago, for a summer home. Gardens were planned and
-planted. Joseph Everett Chandler, authority on the restoration of
-New England houses and author of books on the subject, was retained
-to supervise the work, and it is he we have to thank that so much
-was saved when it was converted into a gentleman’s estate. He it was
-who saw to it that the new windows, inner shutters, paneling, and
-many details, are in keeping with the original structure. He even
-saw to it that the Tory chimney, with its coping painted black, was
-saved and that the two lovely linden trees, said to have been planted
-by Edward Winslow’s daughter Penelope, were protected during the
-alteration. In tearing off the ell on the north side, a board was
-uncovered on which was painted “Built by William Drew 1820,” which
-indicates additions were made that year. The house was moved back
-thirty feet, raised five, porches were built, side doors, new rooms,
-and a cupola or, as some erroneously call it, a Widow’s Walk, were
-added.
-
-[Illustration: FRONT HALL WITH CHARMING TWO-WAY STAIRCASE]
-
-To own an old house is a great privilege, but it is also a great
-responsibility. No amount of money could have made the Winslow house
-so interesting as its association with events of history and famous
-people has made it.
-
-[Illustration: THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S BEDROOM WHICH HAS A GLORIOUS
-VIEW SEAWARD]
-
-Improvements were continued after Mr. Willoughby’s death. Adjoining
-houses were purchased and razed, improving the view of the Rock
-and the ocean, and the land they were on was added to the already
-extensive garden.
-
-[Illustration: ONE OF THE TWIN CORNER CUPBOARDS AND RECESSED WINDOWS
-IN THE MAHOGANY DINING ROOM]
-
-A five-car garage was built to the far side of the garden, arranged
-so that it would be possible to use it as a charity theatre, with
-quarters overhead for the gardener and his family. As protection
-against the elements and the public, a six foot red brick wall of
-Colonial design was erected on the south and east sides of the estate.
-
-[Illustration: REAR GARDEN TEA HOUSE AND CONSERVATORY FROM THE
-SOLARIUM]
-
-After Mrs. Willoughby’s death, her daughter offered the property for
-sale. It is fortunate that it passed into the hands of the General
-Society of Mayflower Descendants (31 December 1941). It might have
-become a Tea Room, a Road House, or something worse. The Society
-immediately took up the work of restoration and preservation where
-Mr. Chandler had left off, but before work could even be started,
-World War II broke out and the entire Winslow House was turned over
-to the Plymouth Chapter of the American Red Cross for the duration
-without charge of any kind. Due to confusion, especially of legal
-nature, likely to arise, and which in fact had arisen, by the
-existence of a Winslow House in nearby Marshfield, it was decided
-at the Seventeenth Congress of the General Society held in Plymouth
-September 1946, and so voted, to change the name of the Edward
-Winslow House to the Mayflower Society House.
-
-[Illustration: THE PIAZZA WITH IMPOSING PILLARS. A BEAUTIFUL VIEW
-ACROSS THE BAY]
-
-[Illustration: CANOPY OVER PLYMOUTH ROCK. A VISTA THROUGH THE TREES.
-DEDICATED IN 1920]
-
-The house today is far different from the one Edward Winslow built
-in 1754, but, as the headquarters of a large society, it is better
-adapted. The interior is being brought back to something of its
-original appearance with paint and replicas of old wall paper and by
-gifts and purchases of furniture of the 18th Century period. Members
-of the Mayflower Society and any interested in preserving the best of
-the 18th century are asked to contribute items of furniture, wearing
-apparel, books or other items of the period. All gifts and loans,
-before being accepted, are passed on by a competent committee. To
-have an item accepted and exhibited in the Mayflower Society House
-will some day be a distinction.
-
-[Illustration: SIMILAR VIEW TO THE FRONTISPIECE BUT SHOWING SOLARIUM]
-
-The Mayflower Society House is not only a show place of Plymouth,
-but of the entire country. This lovely and famous house is owned,
-free and clear of indebtedness, by the General Society of Mayflower
-Descendants. To insure its perpetual care through generations to
-come, an endowment is sought to which the public is asked to and
-should contribute.
-
-[Illustration: FROM THE FRONT GATE—LOOKING TO THE LANDING]
-
-[Illustration: This Canopy, built at a cost of $20,000.00, covered
-Plymouth Rock from 1866 until the Rock was returned to its original
-location in 1920. Behind the Canopy is Cole’s Hill, and just to the
-right of it is the Mayflower Society House]
-
-
-
-
-THE GENERAL SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS
-
-
-Not until 1894 did descendants of the passengers of the _Mayflower_
-organize to perpetuate the ideals and commemorate the memory of their
-ancestors. The first Society was formed 22 December 1894 in New York,
-followed by societies in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania
-within 18 months. These societies founded the General Society 12
-January 1897. The General Society now consists of 40 State Societies,
-with a membership of over 7600 men and women.
-
-19 February 1923 the General Society was incorporated under the laws
-of Massachusetts. Among those signing the petition to the Great and
-General Court were Major General Leonard Wood, William Howard Taft,
-and Henry Cabot Lodge. The Mayflower Society is not interested in the
-wealth of its members, or their social standing, or their politics,
-although two Presidents of the United States have been members. Two
-others were eligible but passed on before its organization. It is
-proud, however, of the notable achievements of many of its members.
-
-Some of the patriotic Societies were in early days largely social in
-character. Many joined solely of pride in their ancestry. Democracy
-was not then under attack and needed no defenders. The country’s
-growth since the turn of the century has brought to the United States
-a tremendous number of persons fleeing from Old World conditions. Our
-melting pot did well for a time; of recent years our freedom has been
-attacked. The Society now has a mission—that of spreading the wisdom
-and ideals of our ancestors to the masses who have come to our shores.
-
-The Society has accomplished much in its effort to discover and
-publish matter relating to the Pilgrims. It has aided in establishing
-memorials and has contributed over $100,000.00 toward the Bradford
-Memorial Tablet, the Provincetown Monument, the Monument to the
-Pilgrims at Southampton, England, the Sarcophagus on Cole’s Hill,
-Plymouth, the Aptuxet Trading Post, at Bourne, the Mayflower Index,
-and to lesser memorials throughout the country. One of the most
-important things accomplished is the purchase and restoration of the
-Mayflower Society House. This is more than a National Headquarters.
-It is propaganda for Americanism. It is a landmark that will inspire
-those who visit Plymouth to increase their knowledge of the Pilgrims
-and thus help make better citizens of them, and it is a contribution
-to patriotism. Plymouth welcomes another museum house, particularly
-an 18th century one, where visitors may learn more of Colonial life
-and customs. The important thing is that visitors to the Mayflower
-Society House, who number thousands each year, coming from every
-state in the Union, find there exists an organization to perpetuate
-the memory and carry forward the ideals of the Pilgrims.
-
-When the General Society of Mayflower Descendants was organized, it
-adopted a declaration of purpose, the most important part of which
-is to commemorate and honor the Pilgrims, to defend the principle of
-civil and religious liberty, as set forth in the Mayflower Compact,
-to discover and publish original matter pertaining to the Pilgrims,
-and to authenticate, preserve, and mark spots of Pilgrim association.
-
-These things the historian, orator, and poet have helped do. In our
-libraries are carefully prepared writings on the subject by Fiske,
-Dexter, John Quincy Adams and Daniel Webster, Choate, Everett and
-Sumner, and so on down to Henry Cabot Lodge, Calvin Coolidge, and the
-third Governor Bradford. So diligent have writers and speakers been,
-it is difficult to find and add new facts.
-
-There are those who say, “It’s not what my ancestors did, it’s what
-I’ve done. I live in the present, not the past.” One must make good,
-but statistics prove those most successful are the first to preserve
-the best of the past.
-
-It is fitting and proper that the descendants of the Pilgrims should
-gather in Plymouth from time to time and give expression to the
-respect, gratitude and admiration they feel for the Pilgrims. To
-express sympathy for them for the terrible months they spent crossing
-the stormy Atlantic, and the added months on shipboard while shelters
-were being erected on shore for the first winter in a foreign land,
-when nearly half the company died of scurvy and ship fever, in spite
-of which not one member gave up and returned to England when the
-_Mayflower_ sailed.
-
-The Pilgrims believed in the equality of all men before God; they,
-therefore, made all men equal before the Law. On the Sarcophagus,
-which contains the remains of some of the Pilgrims, is this
-inscription:
-
- “This monument marks the first burying-ground in Plymouth of the
- Passengers of the Mayflower. Here, under cover of darkness, the
- fast dwindling Company laid their dead; levelling the earth above
- them lest the Indians should learn how many were the graves.
- _READER_, History records no nobler venture for Faith and Freedom
- than that of this Pilgrim band. In weariness and painfulness, in
- watchings often, in hunger and cold they laid the foundations of
- a State wherein every man, through countless ages, should have
- liberty to worship God in his own way. May their example inspire
- thee to do thy part in perpetuating and spreading throughout the
- World the lofty Ideals of our Republic.”
-
-We must admire the Pilgrims for their courage and piety, for their
-attachment to civil rights and religious liberty in exile, under
-unhappy conditions.
-
-There was a famine the first year, but no actual starvation as there
-were wild fowl, shellfish, and berries in abundance, but there was
-cold and snow, and there were Indians and sickness to cope with.
-
-A great disaster befell the community the second year which seldom
-seems to be mentioned, but which would have discouraged less resolute
-souls. The ship _Fortune_ carrying their entire year’s yield of furs
-and products to England to be sold, was captured by the French as a
-prize.
-
-The gist of the preface of a book entitled “The Pilgrim Fathers,” by
-W. H. Bartlett, published in London, England, in 1853, is—
-
- “Of the many heroic emigrations from our island, which have covered
- the face of the earth, no one is more singular than the band of
- sectaries driven forth in the reign of James I. In an age when
- toleration was unknown, they were thrust forth from their native
- land, thus the harshness of the rulers became the instrument which
- planted on American shores a mighty republic, the proudest and most
- powerful offshoot of the mother country, whose institutions, as
- thus founded, are not without a powerful reaction upon her own.
-
- “The details of the story are unknown to the mass of English
- readers, while across the Atlantic they are known to almost
- every child, and numerous are the works published about them and
- many are the Americans who visit Boston, Scrooby and Leyden, but
- these publications and researchers are all unknown in England and
- therefore this continuous narrative.”
-
-
-
-
-THE PILGRIMS
-
-
-Who and what were the Pilgrims and in what way did they differ from
-the Puritans? They both were English and both lived in the same
-generation. The Pilgrims were a small band of staunch men, women
-and children who came to America for religious freedom. They were a
-part of a great movement. The Protestant Reformation, set on foot in
-England during the reign of Henry VIII, was finally accomplished in
-1588 by the defeat of the Spanish Armada. It did not secure freedom
-of action or worship, however. There was no country then where such
-liberty was allowed; in fact, such a thing had never been thought of.
-The Reformation made the Sovereign, instead of the Pope, the head
-of the church in England, and there were changes in doctrine and
-ceremonials, but everyone was required to attend church whether he
-wished to or not and was also taxed to support it. The Bible had just
-been translated from Latin into English, and for the first time it
-was being generally circulated (1557-60).
-
-Among the Protestant reformers there were many who were not satisfied
-with the doctrines and ritual of the English church. They wished
-to simplify the government of the church and drop some of the
-ceremonies. This they considered purifying the church, which gave
-them the name of Puritans. Most of them had no thought or intention
-of leaving the Established Church. They wished to stay and be a part
-of it, but to change it according to their ideas.
-
-[Illustration: EDWARD WINSLOW, third Governor of Plymouth Colony.
-Great-grandfather of Edward Winslow, builder of The Mayflower Society
-House. Painted during a visit to England. Winslow is the only Pilgrim
-of whom there exists an authentic picture]
-
-Early in 1567 a number of ministers, despairing of getting the
-desired changes, made up their minds to separate from the church and
-hold religious services of their own. Robert Brown was one of them
-and went about the country advocating this policy of separation.
-Those who adopted it became known as Separatists or Brownists. They
-did not believe in having bishops rule over them. Some denied that
-the queen was head of the church. This was called treason. These were
-the people who became Pilgrims. The Puritans also questioned the
-spiritual authority of the bishops and claimed the right to worship
-as they saw fit, but they did nothing in particular about it.
-
-The Separatists, or better, Independents, which describes them
-accurately, established a little church in the hamlet of Scrooby,
-near Lincoln, where a congregation listened to the eloquent preaching
-of John Robinson. English laws provided imprisonment for those who
-refused to attend the Established Church, or were present at unlawful
-assemblies, with the further penalties, that the convicted must
-conform within three months or leave the country. If he refused, he
-should be deemed a felon and put to death without the benefit of
-clergy. The little church at Scrooby could not continue under these
-conditions. Some of the Separatists had given their lives, some were
-in prison, and others were in exile. Brown had fled the country, and
-so its members determined to cross to Holland. Under existing laws a
-family could not migrate without a license, and they were denied one.
-It was as dangerous to remain as it was to attempt to leave secretly.
-Meetings were held, and Separatists from Scrooby, Bristol, Exeter,
-Boston, and sundry other places planned to flee.
-
-In October 1607 they made their first attempt to leave from Boston in
-a chartered ship. They were seized, searched, and imprisoned. After a
-month all but seven of the principal men were released.
-
-The next year they arranged with a Dutch ship to meet them at a port
-near Grimsby at the mouth of the Humber, but the cautious skipper
-got scared and after taking a few of the women and children aboard,
-cast off, leaving the husbands and a majority to be seized by the
-sheriff and his men. Following this, there was no mass effort to
-cross to Holland, but, with much difficulty and by departing one or
-two at a time, all got over. After a short stay in Amsterdam they
-made their way to Leyden. Here they were joined by other refugees
-from England, until there were more than a thousand. The Pilgrims
-remained in Leyden for eleven years (1609 to 1620). Brewster became
-a printer, Robinson entered the University, and all found work in
-different occupations. They labored hard and continuously. They
-found in Holland peace and the religious freedom they had left
-their English homes for, but there were other factors which made
-them, after a decade, seriously consider leaving Holland. They
-wished the protection of the English flag; they were losing the
-English language, and their children were marrying among the Dutch.
-After careful consideration they decided that the Virginia Colony,
-extending from Florida to New York, offered the best opportunity.
-Because of their separation from the Established Church, the King
-would not guarantee them protection, but agreed not to molest them,
-and under this agreement they obtained a patent from the London
-Company to settle on the New Jersey Coast.
-
-It was necessary to secure financial aid, and this they obtained from
-a group of London merchants, known as the Adventurers. The contract
-was an oppressive one and became more so as the colonists built their
-houses; but it cannot be called unfair, considering the financial
-risk involved. It provided that for seven years the income of the
-colony should go into a common fund and from this the colonists
-would get their living. At the end of the period the investment and
-profits, real and personal, should be equally divided between the
-Adventurers and the Planters in accordance with the number of shares
-each held. Its effect was to establish a community life which, long
-before the seven years were up, resulted in embarrassment and open
-disaffection, and a compromise between the parties was effected by
-which the Adventurers were to be paid the sum of eighteen hundred
-pounds sterling 26 November 1626. Here was Communism pure and simple,
-and it was a monumental failure and was given up after three years.
-If Communism cannot succeed under these conditions, with the type
-of people the Pilgrims were, speaking the same language, governed
-by the same laws, with common history, tradition, and memories, how
-could Communism possibly prove a success under far less favorable
-circumstances today?
-
-The conditions upon which the Pilgrims secured their transportation
-to America indicate the exhausted state of their finances, and they
-probably never would have given their assent to the conditions
-imposed, if not absolutely forced to do so. The famous Captain
-John Smith wrote in 1624 that the Adventurers who raised the money
-to begin and supply the Plymouth plantation were about seventy in
-number, some merchants, some handicraftsmen, some risking great
-sums, some small, as their affection served. They dwelt mostly
-about London, knit together by a voluntary combination in a
-society, without constraint or penalty, aiming to do good and plant
-religion. The sad intelligence conveyed by the _Mayflower_ on her
-return to London of the sufferings, sickness, and death, produced a
-disheartening effect in the most zealous friends, and the necessary
-supplies required by the infant colony were refused, though they had
-been promised.
-
-After the Pilgrims had secured financial aid the little band (July
-1620) left Leyden and sailed from Delfts-haven in Holland in the
-_Speedwell_, which they had bought for the purpose, to Southampton
-where the _Mayflower_ was awaiting them with friends. Two weeks later
-the _Mayflower_ and the _Speedwell_ left Southampton for America. The
-_Mayflower_ of one hundred and eighty tons burden (the _Queen Mary_
-of today is over eighty-three thousand tons) had been chartered to
-transport a part of the Leyden congregation to America.
-
-Before they were out of the English Channel the _Speedwell_ began
-leaking badly and they ran into Dartmouth for repairs. 2 September
-they made a second start, but trouble developed and they returned
-this time to Plymouth. Here they reorganized the expedition. The
-_Speedwell_ was left behind, some of her passengers were taken on the
-_Mayflower_ and the others left in England. On 16 September 1620 the
-_Mayflower_ sailed again and ten weeks later, after a voyage filled
-with hardships and peril, having been driven far off her course,
-came to anchor in Cape Cod Harbor. When the Cape was sighted it was
-decided to sail south for a permanent home, but before the day was
-over they found themselves in dangerous shoals and roaring breakers
-and turned back to settle beyond the limits of their patent.
-
-Only about one half of the passengers on the _Mayflower_ were
-members of the Leyden congregation. Other motives, without thought
-of religious dissent or separation from the Established Church of
-England, had added many strangers to the company, and there arose
-mutterings of discontent among them.
-
-It became evident, therefore, that some means should be devised
-to maintain law and order as they were out of the jurisdiction of
-their patent. To accomplish this the members of the Pilgrim Company
-met in the cabin of the _Mayflower_ off the shores of Cape Cod on
-21 November 1620 and banded themselves together by the now famous
-document known as the Mayflower Compact.
-
-The Mayflower Compact is a great contribution to civil liberty and
-democracy; it ranks with the Declaration of Independence and the
-Constitution of the United States. Our democracy was based on it
-from the landing of the Pilgrims. The Pilgrims established what they
-planned. The Plymouth settlement was the start of religious freedom.
-We owe them a great debt of gratitude. They were unimportant people,
-and their departure attracted little or no attention. Some were
-educated, others were not; some had means, most little or nothing,
-but all had character and courage. We call them ordinary people,
-but their accomplishment made history. When they wrote and signed
-the Compact they gave the world a new political idea for government
-by the people, and when, under the Compact, they organized the
-government of Plymouth, they laid the foundation of political liberty
-for this nation.
-
-Students of governmental history the world over, as well as
-statesmen, now know of the Mayflower Compact and discuss it. It
-cannot receive too much publicity, and there is no better place to
-reprint it than here in this story of the “House of Edward Winslow”
-where it can be easily and frequently perused.
-
-In no part of the world up to then did there exist a government of
-just and equal laws. It is the first incident where a government was
-formed by the governed, by their consent in writing at one time.
-One hundred and fifty years later its principles really framed the
-Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United
-States, and our laws today are interwoven with the ideals of this
-band of Pilgrims.
-
-One month after the signing of the Compact, the exploring party
-of eighteen men in the ship’s shallop that had left the ship 16
-December, landed at Plymouth. Plymouth was not just what they wanted,
-but as Brewster said, it was the best they had seen. They returned to
-the ship and on 26 December 1620 the _Mayflower_ and her passengers
-reached Plymouth. It was 31 March that the last of them went ashore
-for good.
-
-On 15 April 1621 the _Mayflower_ sailed on her return trip, leaving
-every one of the survivors of the Pilgrim Company behind. It was a
-more striking picture than her departure from England. A situation
-more discouraging for the Pilgrims could hardly be conceived.
-
-Some interesting occurrences which happened on board the _Mayflower_
-during the trip, are taken from the manuscript of “Prince’s Annals,”
-in his handwriting. Prince had drawn his pen diagonally across the
-passages, and they do not appear in his published work. They were
-first printed in the April number 1847 the _New England Historical
-and Genealogical Register_. It reads:
-
- “In a mighty storme a lustie yonge man called John Howland came
- upon some occasion above ye gratings, was with a seele of ye ship
- throwne into ye sea; but it pleased God yt he caught hould of ye
- top saile halliards, which hung overboard and rane out at length;
- yet he held his hould (though he was sundrie fadomes under water)
- till he was hald up by ye same rope to ye brink of ye water and
- then with a boat hook and other means got into ye shipe again,
- and his life saved, and though he was somewhat ill with it, yet
- he lived many years after, and became a profitable member both of
- church and comonwelth.”
-
-And the manuscript goes on to tell of a proud, very profane young
-man, one of the seamen of husky and able body, which made him the
-more haughty, who was always annoying the poor people in their
-sickness by cursing them daily and telling them he hoped to help cast
-half of them overboard before they came to their journey’s end and if
-he ever, by any was gently reproved, he would curse and swear most
-bitterly. But it pleased God to smite this young man with a grievous
-disease, of which he died in a desperate manner and so was himself
-the first to be thrown overboard.
-
-John Carver, who had been chosen Governor, died the first winter,
-and William Bradford succeeded him. The Colony grew slowly. By 1630
-it had but 300 persons in it, but it had paid the London merchants.
-There is little question that the contract was burdensome and
-oppressive. But as proof that the Pilgrims harbored no resentment is
-this laudable act: the Plymouth Colony General Court in 1660 ordered
-that twenty pounds should be sent to a Mr. Ling, one of the Merchant
-Adventurers, “who had fallen to decay and had felt great extremity
-of poverty, the same twenty pounds being bestowed on him towards his
-relief and if it was not given voluntarily that the amount that fell
-short ‘bee’ made up out of the ‘Countrey stocke’ by the Treasurer.”
-
-The Colony made a treaty with Massasoit, Chief of the Wampanoag
-Indians, which lasted until broken by his son in 1675. By 1640 the
-population had increased to over 3000.
-
-As for the Puritans, they became powerful in England and comprised
-many men of wealth and culture and social standing. Little bodies of
-them, encouraged by the example of the Pilgrims, began to settle upon
-the shores of Massachusetts. In 1628 John Endicott and a shipload
-took command of the place the Indians called Naumkeag and gave it
-the Bible name of Salem, or Peace. When they arrived they found
-Roger Conant and his followers, who were, after several years of
-struggling, happily settled. Endicott practically kicked them out.
-Within a few years all of Conant’s followers had moved across the
-river and established new homes in what became Beverly.
-
-In 1629 a number of leading Puritans in England bought of the
-Plymouth Company a large tract of land, bounded by the Charles
-and Merrimac Rivers and stretching inland indefinitely. They got
-a charter from Charles I and incorporated as the Governor and
-Company of Massachusetts Bay. Under John Winthrop, a wise and able
-man, they came over to Salem, bringing 1000 persons, with horses
-and cattle, and during that year Charlestown, Chelsea, and a small
-hilly peninsular, called by the Indians Shawmut and by the English
-Trimountain, or Tremont, and soon changed to Boston, from which the
-leading settlers had come, were settled. By 1634 nearly 4000 settlers
-had arrived from England, coming usually in congregations, led by
-their minister and settled together in parishes or townships until
-there were about twenty.
-
-In 1636 it was voted to establish a college three miles from Boston
-at a place called New Town, now Cambridge. A young clergyman, John
-Harvard, bequeathed his books and half his estate and the new college
-was called by his name.
-
-The colonization of New England was a complicated affair. The
-Massachusetts Bay Colony was the largest. South of it was the
-Plymouth Colony, the oldest. Then there was Rhode Island and
-Providence Plantation and the Connecticut Colony. In 1643 these
-four Colonies formed a confederation for defense called the United
-Colonies of New England. In 1692 King William arranged things to
-his liking; he annexed the Plymouth Colony to the Massachusetts Bay
-Colony, but let Connecticut and Rhode Island keep their beloved
-charters, and so the Plymouth Colony forever after remained a part of
-Massachusetts.
-
-The establishment of the New England Confederacy, the division of
-the ancient church, the annexation to the Massachusetts Bay Colony,
-the loss of wealth and population, marked the end of Plymouth as an
-independent Colony, but not of the great influence which the Plymouth
-Colony and the Pilgrims have exerted, and, we hope, will continue
-to exert with increasing force, in perpetuating, as it originally
-established, our democratic form of government.
-
-[Illustration: (decorative icon)]
-
-
-
-
- [Illustration: The signing of the Mayflower Compact in the cabin
- of the Mayflower]
-
-
- THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT
-
- _Signed in the Cabin of the “Mayflower,” Nov. 11th, Old Style,
- Nov. 21st, New Style, 1620_
-
- “In the name of God, amen, we whose names are underwritten, the
- loyall subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by the
- grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc and Ireland king, defender
- of the faith, &c., haveing undertaken, for the glorie of God, and
- advancemente of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and
- countrie, a voyage to plant the first colonie in the northerne
- parts of Virginia, doe by these presents solemnly and mutualy in
- the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine
- ourselves together into a civill body politick, for our better
- ordering and preservation and furtherence of the ends aforesaid;
- and by vertue hereof to enacte, constitute and frame such just
- and equall laws, ordenances, acts, constitutions and offices,
- from time to time, as shall be thought most meete and convenient
- for the general good of the colonie, unto which we promise
- all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have
- hereunto subscribed our names at Cap-Codd the 11 of November,
- in the year of the raigne of our soveraigne lord, King James of
- England, Franc and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the
- fifty-fourth, ANo Dom 1620.”
-
- ‡ John Carver ‡†* Edward Fuller
- ‡ * William Bradford ‡† John Turner
- ‡ * Edward Winslow ‡ * Francis Eaton
- ‡ * William Brewster ‡†* James Chilton
- ‡ * Isaac Allerton ‡ John Crackston
- ‡ * Myles Standish ‡ * John Billington
- * John Alden † Moses Fletcher
- * Samuel Fuller † John Goodman
- ‡† Christopher Martin †* Degory Priest
- ‡†* William Mullins † Thomas Williams
- ‡†* William White Gilbert Winslow
- * Richard Warren † Edmond Margeson
- * John Howland * Peter Brown
- ‡ * Stephen Hopkins † Richard Britteridge
- ‡† Edward Tilly * George Soule
- ‡†* John Tilly † Richard Clarke
- * Francis Cooke Richard Gardiner
- †* Thomas Rogers † John Allerton
- ‡† Thomas Tinker † Thomas English
- ‡† John Rigdale * Edward Doty
- Edward Leister
-
- (Note: November 21st of our Calendar is the same as November 11th
- of the Old Style Calendar.)
-
- * Has descendants now living.
-
- ‡ Brought wife.
-
- † Died first winter.
-
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mayflower Society house, by Walter Merriam Pratt</p>
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Mayflower Society house</p>
-<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>Being the story of the Edward Winslow house, the Mayflower Society, the Pilgrims</p>
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Walter Merriam Pratt</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 20, 2022 [eBook #68794]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
- <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE ***</div>
-
-
-<div class="transnote">
-<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#Page_28">‘Mayflower Compact’</a> was in the middle of a paragraph in the
-original book (on pages 28 and 29). It has been moved to the end of
-this ebook.</p>
-
-<p>All misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage,
-have been left unchanged.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="cover" style="max-width: 30em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="original cover" />
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter"></div>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp90" id="i001" style="max-width: 37.5em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i001.jpg" alt="(frontispiece)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
- <div class="verse indentq">“<em>Sand dunes beyond the blue salt bay,</em></div>
- <div class="verse indent0"><em>Stars twinkling on the rippling sea,</em></div>
- <div class="verse indent0"><em>Twin lights of Gurnet far away,</em></div>
- <div class="verse indent0"><em>And here sweet peace for thee and me.</em>”</div>
- <div class="verse indent10 fs80">—KATE GANNET WOODS</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter"></div>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp95" id="i002" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i002.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter"></div>
-
-<h1>The<br />
-Mayflower Society House</h1>
-
-<p class="p2 pfs120"><em>Being the Story of</em></p>
-
-<p class="p1 pfs80">THE EDWARD WINSLOW HOUSE · THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY<br />
-<br />
-· THE PILGRIMS ·</p>
-
-<hr class="full" />
-
-<p class="p1 pfs90"><em>By</em></p>
-
-<p class="pfs100 lsp">WALTER MERRIAM PRATT</p>
-
-<p class="pfs100"><em>Governor-General of the</em></p>
-
-<p class="pfs90">GENERAL SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS</p>
-
-<hr class="full" />
-
-<div class="figcenter illowe12_5" id="i003">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i003.jpg" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full" />
-
-<p class="pfs60">SECOND EDITION</p>
-
-<p class="p1 pfs80"><em>Privately Printed</em></p>
-
-<p class="p1 pfs90 lsp">UNIVERSITY PRESS</p>
-
-<p class="p1 pfs90">Cambridge, Massachusetts</p>
-
-<p class="p1 pfs100">1950</p>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter"></div>
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[Pg 4]</span><br /></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowe50" id="i004">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i004.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">NORTH STREET, PLYMOUTH</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter"></div>
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span><br /></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i005" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i005.jpg" alt="(decorative banner)" />
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak">THE<br />
-MAYFLOWER SOCIETY HOUSE</h2>
-
-
-<p class="drop-capy">A NOTABLE accomplishment of the General Society of
-Mayflower Descendants was the purchase in 1941 of the
-Edward Winslow House in Plymouth, Massachusetts, a
-house of great beauty and dignity, with history and atmosphere,
-perfectly located on North Street, one of the five streets laid out
-by the Pilgrims, overlooking Plymouth Rock and Cole’s Hill, where
-lie the bones of many of the Pilgrims.</p>
-
-<p>North Street was laid out before 1633. It was first named New
-Street, later Queen Street, and for some years was called Howland
-Street, presumably because Joseph Howland, son of John Howland,
-the Pilgrim, owned land on the north side. His son Thomas inherited
-it, and in turn it descended to the latter’s son, Consider Howland,
-who sold it to Edward Winslow, the great-grandson of Edward
-Winslow, third Governor of the Colony. The younger Winslow
-attended Harvard College and then settled in Plymouth. He became
-Clerk of the Court, Registrar of Probate, and Collector of the
-Port. He married in 1741, the widow, Hannah Howland Dyer, a
-sister of Consider Howland, and in 1754 built the house.</p>
-
-<p>Winslow was a Royalist and an outspoken supporter of the King.
-Although a popular man, the townspeople became infuriated at his
-lack of patriotism, which eventually cost him his town offices and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span>
-revenue. His son joined the King’s forces, and he frequently entertained
-the British officers at his home. After the evacuation of
-Boston by the British, Winslow moved his family to New York, and
-was granted a pension by Sir Henry Clinton.</p>
-
-<p>Later the family went to Halifax, as did thousands of other Tories,
-where Winslow died the following year, at the age of seventy-two.
-He was buried in St. Paul’s Churchyard, mourned by all the dignitaries
-of the city. At this time Canada was actively hostile to
-the United States.</p>
-
-<p>In order to support his family after losing his offices, Winslow
-had pledged his house as security for loans of money made him by
-Thomas Davis, William Thomas, Oakes Angier, and John Rowe.
-When he left Plymouth the house was sold on an “execution” at a
-sacrifice to satisfy the creditors, much to Winslow’s indignation.
-It is often mistakenly stated that his property was confiscated.
-The house at this time was half its present size and, as was customary
-in those days, sat close to the ground, as well as to the street.
-The frame of the house and some of the paneling are said to have
-been brought from England, although American craftsmen could
-and did construct similar houses and paneling.</p>
-
-<p>From Winslow’s creditors the house passed into the hands of
-Thomas Jackson who occupied it as a residence until 1813, when
-he moved to the so-called Cotton Farm. The house then passed
-by an execution from Mr. Jackson to his cousin Charles Jackson,
-who died in it in 1818 and whose son, Charles Thomas Jackson,
-born 21 June 1805, played an interesting part in the civil history
-of this country. He had a keen mind, was a student of electricity
-and magnetism, but medicine was his main study. He graduated
-from Harvard Medical School in 1827, finishing his studies abroad.
-He returned to America on the sailing vessel with Samuel F. B.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span>
-Morse, and their meeting may have helped Morse perfect his telegraphic
-instrument. It is known that Jackson made and displayed
-a model of a telegraphic instrument a year before Morse patented
-the one that made him famous.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i007" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i007.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">CHARLES THOMAS JACKSON &#160; &#160; &#160; WILLIAM T. G. MORTON &#160; &#160; &#160;</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>Jackson was greatly interested in geology and was the State
-Geologist of Maine in 1836, Rhode Island in 1839, and New Hampshire
-in 1840, but his greatest claim to fame is his share in discovering
-etherization and his association with Dr. W. T. G. Morton, a
-dental surgeon, fourteen years his junior, who studied medicine in
-his office. Jackson is believed to have made his first personal experiments
-with the inhalation of ether in the house at Plymouth,
-and the chair in which he sat is displayed in Pilgrim Hall. Morton
-patented the process of anesthesia by ether in 1846 and he sued
-Jackson for claiming the discovery of the anesthetic effects of inhalation
-of ether back in the winter of 1841-42. The French Government
-investigated the matter and decreed Jackson a 2500 franc
-prize as the discoverer, and a similar prize to Morton for being the
-first to apply it to surgical operations.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp56" id="i008" style="max-width: 35em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i008.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">RALPH WALDO EMERSON IN THE EAST ROOM WHERE HE WAS MARRIED</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>Jackson’s slightly older sister Lydia, sometimes called Lidian,
-became the second wife of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American
-poet and philosopher. Their marriage took place in 1835 in the
-east parlor, later known as the music room.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp96" id="i009" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i009.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">ROOM WHEREIN LYDIA JACKSON MARRIED RALPH WALDO EMERSON</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>The house was sold by the Charles Jackson heirs in 1872 to Lucia J.
-Briggs, the wife of the Rev. George W. Briggs, who occupied it as a
-summer residence until 1898, when it was purchased by Charles L.
-Willoughby, of Chicago, for a summer home. Gardens were planned
-and planted. Joseph Everett Chandler, authority on the restoration
-of New England houses and author of books on the subject,
-was retained to supervise the work, and it is he we have to thank
-that so much was saved when it was converted into a gentleman’s
-estate. He it was who saw to it that the new windows, inner shutters,
-paneling, and many details, are in keeping with the original structure.
-He even saw to it that the Tory chimney, with its coping
-painted black, was saved and that the two lovely linden trees, said
-to have been planted by Edward Winslow’s daughter Penelope, were
-protected during the alteration. In tearing off the ell on the north
-side, a board was uncovered on which was painted “Built by William
-Drew 1820,” which indicates additions were made that year. The
-house was moved back thirty feet, raised five, porches were built,
-side doors, new rooms, and a cupola or, as some erroneously call it,
-a Widow’s Walk, were added.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp61" id="i010" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i010.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">FRONT HALL WITH CHARMING TWO-WAY STAIRCASE</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>To own an old house is a great privilege, but it is also a great
-responsibility. No amount of money could have made the Winslow
-house so interesting as its association with events of history and
-famous people has made it.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i011" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i011.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S BEDROOM WHICH HAS A GLORIOUS VIEW SEAWARD</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>Improvements were continued after Mr. Willoughby’s death.
-Adjoining houses were purchased and razed, improving the view of
-the Rock and the ocean, and the land they were on was added to
-the already extensive garden.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp56" id="i012" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i012.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">ONE OF THE TWIN CORNER CUPBOARDS AND RECESSED WINDOWS IN THE MAHOGANY DINING ROOM</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>A five-car garage was built to the far side of the garden, arranged
-so that it would be possible to use it as a charity theatre, with quarters
-overhead for the gardener and his family. As protection against
-the elements and the public, a six foot red brick wall of Colonial
-design was erected on the south and east sides of the estate.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i013" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i013.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption"><p>REAR GARDEN TEA HOUSE AND CONSERVATORY FROM THE SOLARIUM</p></div>
-</div>
-
-<p>After Mrs. Willoughby’s death, her daughter offered the property
-for sale. It is fortunate that it passed into the hands of the General
-Society of Mayflower Descendants (31 December 1941). It might
-have become a Tea Room, a Road House, or something worse.
-The Society immediately took up the work of restoration and preservation
-where Mr. Chandler had left off, but before work could even be
-started, World War II broke out and the entire Winslow House was
-turned over to the Plymouth Chapter of the American Red Cross for
-the duration without charge of any kind. Due to confusion, especially
-of legal nature, likely to arise, and which in fact had arisen, by the
-existence of a Winslow House in nearby Marshfield, it was decided
-at the Seventeenth Congress of the General Society held in Plymouth
-September 1946, and so voted, to change the name of the Edward
-Winslow House to the Mayflower Society House.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i014_1" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i014_1.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">THE PIAZZA WITH IMPOSING PILLARS. A BEAUTIFUL VIEW ACROSS THE BAY</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i014_2" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i014_2.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">CANOPY OVER PLYMOUTH ROCK. A VISTA THROUGH THE TREES. DEDICATED IN 1920</div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p>
-
-<p>The house today is far different from the one Edward Winslow
-built in 1754, but, as the headquarters of a large society, it is better
-adapted. The interior is being brought back to something of its
-original appearance with paint and replicas of old wall paper and
-by gifts and purchases of furniture of the 18th Century period.
-Members of the Mayflower Society and any interested in preserving
-the best of the 18th century are asked to contribute items of furniture,
-wearing apparel, books or other items of the period. All gifts
-and loans, before being accepted, are passed on by a competent
-committee. To have an item accepted and exhibited in the Mayflower
-Society House will some day be a distinction.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i015" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i015.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption"><p>SIMILAR VIEW TO THE FRONTISPIECE BUT SHOWING SOLARIUM</p></div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p>
-
-<p>The Mayflower Society House is not only a show place of Plymouth,
-but of the entire country. This lovely and famous house is
-owned, free and clear of indebtedness, by the General Society of
-Mayflower Descendants. To insure its perpetual care through
-generations to come, an endowment is sought to which the public
-is asked to and should contribute.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i016" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i016.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">FROM THE FRONT GATE—LOOKING TO THE LANDING</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter"></div>
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span><br /></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i017" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i017.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">This Canopy, built at a cost of $20,000.00, covered Plymouth Rock from 1866 until the Rock was returned
-to its original location in 1920. Behind the Canopy is Cole’s Hill, and just to the right of it is
-the Mayflower Society House</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_GENERAL_SOCIETY_OF">THE GENERAL SOCIETY OF
-MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS</h2>
-
-<p class="drop-capy">NOT until 1894 did descendants of the passengers of the
-<i>Mayflower</i> organize to perpetuate the ideals and commemorate
-the memory of their ancestors. The first Society
-was formed 22 December 1894 in New York, followed by
-societies in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania within
-18 months. These societies founded the General Society 12 January
-1897. The General Society now consists of 40 State Societies, with
-a membership of over 7600 men and women.</p>
-
-<p>19 February 1923 the General Society was incorporated under
-the laws of Massachusetts. Among those signing the petition to the
-Great and General Court were Major General Leonard Wood,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span>
-William Howard Taft, and Henry Cabot Lodge. The Mayflower
-Society is not interested in the wealth of its members, or their social
-standing, or their politics, although two Presidents of the United
-States have been members. Two others were eligible but passed on
-before its organization. It is proud, however, of the notable achievements
-of many of its members.</p>
-
-<p>Some of the patriotic Societies were in early days largely social in
-character. Many joined solely of pride in their ancestry. Democracy
-was not then under attack and needed no defenders. The country’s
-growth since the turn of the century has brought to the United
-States a tremendous number of persons fleeing from Old World
-conditions. Our melting pot did well for a time; of recent years our
-freedom has been attacked. The Society now has a mission—that
-of spreading the wisdom and ideals of our ancestors to the masses
-who have come to our shores.</p>
-
-<p>The Society has accomplished much in its effort to discover and
-publish matter relating to the Pilgrims. It has aided in establishing
-memorials and has contributed over $100,000.00 toward the Bradford
-Memorial Tablet, the Provincetown Monument, the Monument
-to the Pilgrims at Southampton, England, the Sarcophagus on
-Cole’s Hill, Plymouth, the Aptuxet Trading Post, at Bourne, the
-Mayflower Index, and to lesser memorials throughout the country.
-One of the most important things accomplished is the purchase and
-restoration of the Mayflower Society House. This is more than a
-National Headquarters. It is propaganda for Americanism. It is
-a landmark that will inspire those who visit Plymouth to increase
-their knowledge of the Pilgrims and thus help make better citizens
-of them, and it is a contribution to patriotism. Plymouth welcomes
-another museum house, particularly an 18th century one, where
-visitors may learn more of Colonial life and customs. The important<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span>
-thing is that visitors to the Mayflower Society House, who number
-thousands each year, coming from every state in the Union, find
-there exists an organization to perpetuate the memory and carry
-forward the ideals of the Pilgrims.</p>
-
-<p>When the General Society of Mayflower Descendants was organized,
-it adopted a declaration of purpose, the most important part
-of which is to commemorate and honor the Pilgrims, to defend
-the principle of civil and religious liberty, as set forth in the <a href="#Page_28">Mayflower
-Compact</a>, to discover and publish original matter pertaining
-to the Pilgrims, and to authenticate, preserve, and mark spots of
-Pilgrim association.</p>
-
-<p>These things the historian, orator, and poet have helped do. In
-our libraries are carefully prepared writings on the subject by Fiske,
-Dexter, John Quincy Adams and Daniel Webster, Choate, Everett
-and Sumner, and so on down to Henry Cabot Lodge, Calvin Coolidge,
-and the third Governor Bradford. So diligent have writers and
-speakers been, it is difficult to find and add new facts.</p>
-
-<p>There are those who say, “It’s not what my ancestors did, it’s
-what I’ve done. I live in the present, not the past.” One must
-make good, but statistics prove those most successful are the first
-to preserve the best of the past.</p>
-
-<p>It is fitting and proper that the descendants of the Pilgrims should
-gather in Plymouth from time to time and give expression to the
-respect, gratitude and admiration they feel for the Pilgrims. To
-express sympathy for them for the terrible months they spent crossing
-the stormy Atlantic, and the added months on shipboard while
-shelters were being erected on shore for the first winter in a foreign
-land, when nearly half the company died of scurvy and ship fever,
-in spite of which not one member gave up and returned to England
-when the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span></p>
-
-<p>The Pilgrims believed in the equality of all men before God; they,
-therefore, made all men equal before the Law. On the Sarcophagus,
-which contains the remains of some of the Pilgrims, is this inscription:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>“This monument marks the first burying-ground in Plymouth of the Passengers
-of the Mayflower. Here, under cover of darkness, the fast dwindling
-Company laid their dead; levelling the earth above them lest the
-Indians should learn how many were the graves. <em>READER</em>, History
-records no nobler venture for Faith and Freedom than that of this Pilgrim
-band. In weariness and painfulness, in watchings often, in hunger and
-cold they laid the foundations of a State wherein every man, through
-countless ages, should have liberty to worship God in his own way. May
-their example inspire thee to do thy part in perpetuating and spreading
-throughout the World the lofty Ideals of our Republic.”</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>We must admire the Pilgrims for their courage and piety, for their
-attachment to civil rights and religious liberty in exile, under unhappy
-conditions.</p>
-
-<p>There was a famine the first year, but no actual starvation as there
-were wild fowl, shellfish, and berries in abundance, but there was
-cold and snow, and there were Indians and sickness to cope with.</p>
-
-<p>A great disaster befell the community the second year which
-seldom seems to be mentioned, but which would have discouraged
-less resolute souls. The ship <i>Fortune</i> carrying their entire year’s
-yield of furs and products to England to be sold, was captured by
-the French as a prize.</p>
-
-<p>The gist of the preface of a book entitled “The Pilgrim Fathers,”
-by W. H. Bartlett, published in London, England, in 1853, is—</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>“Of the many heroic emigrations from our island, which have covered the
-face of the earth, no one is more singular than the band of sectaries driven
-forth in the reign of James I. In an age when toleration was unknown,
-they were thrust forth from their native land, thus the harshness of the
-rulers became the instrument which planted on American shores a mighty
-republic, the proudest and most powerful offshoot of the mother country,
-whose institutions, as thus founded, are not without a powerful reaction
-upon her own.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span></p>
-
-<p>“The details of the story are unknown to the mass of English readers,
-while across the Atlantic they are known to almost every child, and numerous
-are the works published about them and many are the Americans who
-visit Boston, Scrooby and Leyden, but these publications and researchers
-are all unknown in England and therefore this continuous narrative.”</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_PILGRIMS">THE PILGRIMS</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="drop-capy">WHO and what were the Pilgrims and in what way did they
-differ from the Puritans? They both were English and
-both lived in the same generation. The Pilgrims were a
-small band of staunch men, women and children who came to America
-for religious freedom. They were a part of a great movement. The
-Protestant Reformation, set on foot in England during the reign of
-Henry VIII, was finally accomplished in 1588 by the defeat of the
-Spanish Armada. It did not secure freedom of action or worship,
-however. There was no country then where such liberty was allowed;
-in fact, such a thing had never been thought of. The Reformation
-made the Sovereign, instead of the Pope, the head of the church
-in England, and there were changes in doctrine and ceremonials, but
-everyone was required to attend church whether he wished to or not
-and was also taxed to support it. The Bible had just been translated
-from Latin into English, and for the first time it was being
-generally circulated (1557-60).</p>
-
-<p>Among the Protestant reformers there were many who were not
-satisfied with the doctrines and ritual of the English church. They
-wished to simplify the government of the church and drop some of
-the ceremonies. This they considered purifying the church, which
-gave them the name of Puritans. Most of them had no thought or
-intention of leaving the Established Church. They wished to stay
-and be a part of it, but to change it according to their ideas.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="i022" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i022.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">EDWARD WINSLOW, third Governor of Plymouth Colony. Great-grandfather of Edward Winslow,
-builder of The Mayflower Society House. Painted during a visit to England. Winslow is the only
-Pilgrim of whom there exists an authentic picture</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>Early in 1567 a number of ministers, despairing of getting the
-desired changes, made up their minds to separate from the church
-and hold religious services of their own. Robert Brown was one of
-them and went about the country advocating this policy of separation.
-Those who adopted it became known as Separatists or
-Brownists. They did not believe in having bishops rule over them.
-Some denied that the queen was head of the church. This was called
-treason. These were the people who became Pilgrims. The Puritans<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span>
-also questioned the spiritual authority of the bishops and claimed
-the right to worship as they saw fit, but they did nothing in particular
-about it.</p>
-
-<p>The Separatists, or better, Independents, which describes them
-accurately, established a little church in the hamlet of Scrooby,
-near Lincoln, where a congregation listened to the eloquent preaching
-of John Robinson. English laws provided imprisonment for
-those who refused to attend the Established Church, or were present
-at unlawful assemblies, with the further penalties, that the convicted
-must conform within three months or leave the country. If
-he refused, he should be deemed a felon and put to death without
-the benefit of clergy. The little church at Scrooby could not continue
-under these conditions. Some of the Separatists had given
-their lives, some were in prison, and others were in exile. Brown
-had fled the country, and so its members determined to cross to
-Holland. Under existing laws a family could not migrate without
-a license, and they were denied one. It was as dangerous to remain
-as it was to attempt to leave secretly. Meetings were held, and
-Separatists from Scrooby, Bristol, Exeter, Boston, and sundry other
-places planned to flee.</p>
-
-<p>In October 1607 they made their first attempt to leave from
-Boston in a chartered ship. They were seized, searched, and imprisoned.
-After a month all but seven of the principal men were
-released.</p>
-
-<p>The next year they arranged with a Dutch ship to meet them at
-a port near Grimsby at the mouth of the Humber, but the cautious
-skipper got scared and after taking a few of the women and children
-aboard, cast off, leaving the husbands and a majority to be seized
-by the sheriff and his men. Following this, there was no mass effort
-to cross to Holland, but, with much difficulty and by departing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span>
-one or two at a time, all got over. After a short stay in Amsterdam
-they made their way to Leyden. Here they were joined by other
-refugees from England, until there were more than a thousand.
-The Pilgrims remained in Leyden for eleven years (1609 to 1620).
-Brewster became a printer, Robinson entered the University, and
-all found work in different occupations. They labored hard and
-continuously. They found in Holland peace and the religious
-freedom they had left their English homes for, but there were other
-factors which made them, after a decade, seriously consider leaving
-Holland. They wished the protection of the English flag; they
-were losing the English language, and their children were marrying
-among the Dutch. After careful consideration they decided that
-the Virginia Colony, extending from Florida to New York, offered
-the best opportunity. Because of their separation from the Established
-Church, the King would not guarantee them protection,
-but agreed not to molest them, and under this agreement they
-obtained a patent from the London Company to settle on the New
-Jersey Coast.</p>
-
-<p>It was necessary to secure financial aid, and this they obtained
-from a group of London merchants, known as the Adventurers.
-The contract was an oppressive one and became more so as the
-colonists built their houses; but it cannot be called unfair, considering
-the financial risk involved. It provided that for seven
-years the income of the colony should go into a common fund and
-from this the colonists would get their living. At the end of the period
-the investment and profits, real and personal, should be equally
-divided between the Adventurers and the Planters in accordance
-with the number of shares each held. Its effect was to establish a
-community life which, long before the seven years were up, resulted
-in embarrassment and open disaffection, and a compromise between<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span>
-the parties was effected by which the Adventurers were to be paid
-the sum of eighteen hundred pounds sterling 26 November 1626.
-Here was Communism pure and simple, and it was a monumental
-failure and was given up after three years. If Communism cannot
-succeed under these conditions, with the type of people the Pilgrims
-were, speaking the same language, governed by the same laws, with
-common history, tradition, and memories, how could Communism
-possibly prove a success under far less favorable circumstances
-today?</p>
-
-<p>The conditions upon which the Pilgrims secured their transportation
-to America indicate the exhausted state of their finances, and
-they probably never would have given their assent to the conditions
-imposed, if not absolutely forced to do so. The famous Captain John
-Smith wrote in 1624 that the Adventurers who raised the money
-to begin and supply the Plymouth plantation were about seventy
-in number, some merchants, some handicraftsmen, some risking
-great sums, some small, as their affection served. They dwelt mostly
-about London, knit together by a voluntary combination in a society,
-without constraint or penalty, aiming to do good and plant religion.
-The sad intelligence conveyed by the <i>Mayflower</i> on her return to
-London of the sufferings, sickness, and death, produced a disheartening
-effect in the most zealous friends, and the necessary supplies
-required by the infant colony were refused, though they had been
-promised.</p>
-
-<p>After the Pilgrims had secured financial aid the little band (July
-1620) left Leyden and sailed from Delfts-haven in Holland in the
-<i>Speedwell</i>, which they had bought for the purpose, to Southampton
-where the <i>Mayflower</i> was awaiting them with friends. Two weeks
-later the <i>Mayflower</i> and the <i>Speedwell</i> left Southampton for America.
-The <i>Mayflower</i> of one hundred and eighty tons burden (the <i>Queen<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span>
-Mary</i> of today is over eighty-three thousand tons) had been chartered
-to transport a part of the Leyden congregation to America.</p>
-
-<p>Before they were out of the English Channel the <i>Speedwell</i> began
-leaking badly and they ran into Dartmouth for repairs. 2 September
-they made a second start, but trouble developed and they returned
-this time to Plymouth. Here they reorganized the expedition.
-The <i>Speedwell</i> was left behind, some of her passengers were taken on
-the <i>Mayflower</i> and the others left in England. On 16 September
-1620 the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed again and ten weeks later, after a voyage
-filled with hardships and peril, having been driven far off her course,
-came to anchor in Cape Cod Harbor. When the Cape was sighted
-it was decided to sail south for a permanent home, but before the
-day was over they found themselves in dangerous shoals and roaring
-breakers and turned back to settle beyond the limits of their patent.</p>
-
-<p>Only about one half of the passengers on the <i>Mayflower</i> were
-members of the Leyden congregation. Other motives, without
-thought of religious dissent or separation from the Established Church
-of England, had added many strangers to the company, and there
-arose mutterings of discontent among them.</p>
-
-<p>It became evident, therefore, that some means should be devised
-to maintain law and order as they were out of the jurisdiction of
-their patent. To accomplish this the members of the Pilgrim Company
-met in the cabin of the <i>Mayflower</i> off the shores of Cape Cod
-on 21 November 1620 and banded themselves together by the now
-famous document known as the Mayflower Compact.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#Page_28">Mayflower Compact</a> is a great contribution to civil liberty
-and democracy; it ranks with the Declaration of Independence and
-the Constitution of the United States. Our democracy was based
-on it from the landing of the Pilgrims. The Pilgrims established
-what they planned. The Plymouth settlement was the start of religious<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span>
-freedom. We owe them a great debt of gratitude. They were
-unimportant people, and their departure attracted little or no attention.
-Some were educated, others were not; some had means,
-most little or nothing, but all had character and courage. We call
-them ordinary people, but their accomplishment made history.
-When they wrote and signed the Compact they gave the world a
-new political idea for government by the people, and when, under
-the Compact, they organized the government of Plymouth, they
-laid the foundation of political liberty for this nation.</p>
-
-<p>Students of governmental history the world over, as well as statesmen,
-now know of the Mayflower Compact and discuss it. It cannot
-receive too much publicity, and there is no better place to reprint
-it than here in this story of the “House of Edward Winslow” where
-it can be easily and frequently perused.</p>
-
-<p>In no part of the world up to then did there exist a government
-of just and equal laws. It is the first incident where a government
-was formed by the governed, by their consent in writing at one
-time. One hundred and fifty years later its principles really framed
-the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United
-States, and our laws today are interwoven with the ideals of this
-band of Pilgrims.</p>
-
-<p>One month after the signing of the Compact, the exploring party
-of eighteen men in the ship’s shallop that had left the ship 16 December,
-landed at Plymouth. Plymouth was not just what they wanted,
-but as Brewster said, it was the best they had seen. They returned
-to the ship and on 26 December 1620 the <i>Mayflower</i> and her passengers
-reached Plymouth. It was 31 March that the last of them
-went ashore for good.</p>
-
-<p>On 15 April 1621 the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed on her return trip, leaving
-every one of the survivors of the Pilgrim Company behind. It was a
-more striking picture than her departure from England. A situation<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span>
-more discouraging for the Pilgrims could hardly be conceived.</p>
-
-<p>Some interesting occurrences which happened on board the <i>Mayflower</i>
-during the trip, are taken from the manuscript of “Prince’s
-Annals,” in his handwriting. Prince had drawn his pen diagonally
-across the passages, and they do not appear in his published work.
-They were first printed in the April number 1847 the <cite>New England
-Historical and Genealogical Register</cite>. It reads:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>“In a mighty storme a lustie yonge man called John Howland came upon
-some occasion above ye gratings, was with a seele of ye ship throwne into
-ye sea; but it pleased God yt he caught hould of ye top saile halliards,
-which hung overboard and rane out at length; yet he held his hould (though
-he was sundrie fadomes under water) till he was hald up by ye same rope
-to ye brink of ye water and then with a boat hook and other means got
-into ye shipe again, and his life saved, and though he was somewhat ill
-with it, yet he lived many years after, and became a profitable member
-both of church and comonwelth.”</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>And the manuscript goes on to tell of a proud, very profane young
-man, one of the seamen of husky and able body, which made him the
-more haughty, who was always annoying the poor people in their
-sickness by cursing them daily and telling them he hoped to help
-cast half of them overboard before they came to their journey’s end
-and if he ever, by any was gently reproved, he would curse and
-swear most bitterly. But it pleased God to smite this young man
-with a grievous disease, of which he died in a desperate manner and
-so was himself the first to be thrown overboard.</p>
-
-<p>John Carver, who had been chosen Governor, died the first winter,
-and William Bradford succeeded him. The Colony grew slowly.
-By 1630 it had but 300 persons in it, but it had paid the London
-merchants. There is little question that the contract was burdensome
-and oppressive. But as proof that the Pilgrims harbored no<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span>
-resentment is this laudable act: the Plymouth Colony General Court
-in 1660 ordered that twenty pounds should be sent to a Mr. Ling, one
-of the Merchant Adventurers, “who had fallen to decay and had felt
-great extremity of poverty, the same twenty pounds being bestowed
-on him towards his relief and if it was not given voluntarily that
-the amount that fell short ‘bee’ made up out of the ‘Countrey
-stocke’ by the Treasurer.”</p>
-
-<p>The Colony made a treaty with Massasoit, Chief of the Wampanoag
-Indians, which lasted until broken by his son in 1675. By
-1640 the population had increased to over 3000.</p>
-
-<p>As for the Puritans, they became powerful in England and comprised
-many men of wealth and culture and social standing. Little
-bodies of them, encouraged by the example of the Pilgrims, began
-to settle upon the shores of Massachusetts. In 1628 John Endicott
-and a shipload took command of the place the Indians called Naumkeag
-and gave it the Bible name of Salem, or Peace. When they arrived
-they found Roger Conant and his followers, who were, after
-several years of struggling, happily settled. Endicott practically
-kicked them out. Within a few years all of Conant’s followers had
-moved across the river and established new homes in what became
-Beverly.</p>
-
-<p>In 1629 a number of leading Puritans in England bought of the
-Plymouth Company a large tract of land, bounded by the Charles
-and Merrimac Rivers and stretching inland indefinitely. They got a
-charter from Charles I and incorporated as the Governor and Company
-of Massachusetts Bay. Under John Winthrop, a wise and
-able man, they came over to Salem, bringing 1000 persons, with
-horses and cattle, and during that year Charlestown, Chelsea, and a
-small hilly peninsular, called by the Indians Shawmut and by the
-English Trimountain, or Tremont, and soon changed to Boston, from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span>
-which the leading settlers had come, were settled. By 1634 nearly
-4000 settlers had arrived from England, coming usually in congregations,
-led by their minister and settled together in parishes or
-townships until there were about twenty.</p>
-
-<p>In 1636 it was voted to establish a college three miles from Boston
-at a place called New Town, now Cambridge. A young clergyman,
-John Harvard, bequeathed his books and half his estate and the
-new college was called by his name.</p>
-
-<p>The colonization of New England was a complicated affair. The
-Massachusetts Bay Colony was the largest. South of it was the
-Plymouth Colony, the oldest. Then there was Rhode Island and
-Providence Plantation and the Connecticut Colony. In 1643 these
-four Colonies formed a confederation for defense called the United
-Colonies of New England. In 1692 King William arranged things
-to his liking; he annexed the Plymouth Colony to the Massachusetts
-Bay Colony, but let Connecticut and Rhode Island keep their
-beloved charters, and so the Plymouth Colony forever after remained
-a part of Massachusetts.</p>
-
-<p>The establishment of the New England Confederacy, the division
-of the ancient church, the annexation to the Massachusetts
-Bay Colony, the loss of wealth and population, marked the end of
-Plymouth as an independent Colony, but not of the great influence
-which the Plymouth Colony and the Pilgrims have exerted, and, we
-hope, will continue to exert with increasing force, in perpetuating,
-as it originally established, our democratic form of government.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowe6_25" id="i032">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i032.jpg" alt="(decorative icon)" />
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter"></div>
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span><br /></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i028" style="max-width: 50em;">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i028.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">The signing of the Mayflower Compact in the cabin of the Mayflower</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="COMPACT">THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT</h2>
-
- <div class="compact">
-<p class="noindent"><em>Signed in the Cabin of the “Mayflower,” Nov. 11th, Old Style, Nov.
-21st, New Style, 1620</em></p>
-
-<p>“In the name of God, amen, we whose names are underwritten,
-the loyall subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord,
-King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc
-and Ireland king, defender of the faith, &amp;c., haveing undertaken,
-for the glorie of God, and advancemente of the
-Christian faith, and honor of our king and countrie, a voyage
-to plant the first colonie in the northerne parts of Virginia,
-doe by these presents solemnly and mutualy in the presence
-of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves
-together into a civill body politick, for our better ordering
-and preservation and furtherence of the ends aforesaid;
-and by vertue hereof to enacte, constitute and frame such
-just and equall laws, ordenances, acts, constitutions and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span>
-offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meete
-and convenient for the general good of the colonie, unto
-which we promise all due submission and obedience. In
-witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at
-Cap-Codd the 11 of November, in the year of the raigne of
-our soveraigne lord, King James of England, Franc and
-Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth,
-ANo Dom 1620.”</p>
-
-<table class="autotable">
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Carver</td>
-<td class="tdr">‡†*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Edward Fuller</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">William Bradford</td>
-<td class="tdr">‡†</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Turner</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Edward Winslow</td>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Francis Eaton</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">William Brewster</td>
-<td class="tdr">‡†*</td>
-<td class="tdl">James Chilton</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Isaac Allerton</td>
-<td class="tdr">‡</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Crackston</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Myles Standish</td>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Billington</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Alden</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Moses Fletcher</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Samuel Fuller</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Goodman</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Christopher Martin &#160; &#160; &#160; &#160; &#160;</td>
-<td class="tdr">†*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Degory Priest</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡†*</td>
-<td class="tdl">William Mullins</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Thomas Williams</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡†*</td>
-<td class="tdl">William White</td>
-<td class="tdr"></td>
-<td class="tdl">Gilbert Winslow</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Richard Warren</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Edmond Margeson</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Howland</td>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Peter Brown</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Stephen Hopkins</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Richard Britteridge</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Edward Tilly</td>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">George Soule</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡†*</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Tilly</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Richard Clarke</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Francis Cooke</td>
-<td class="tdr"></td>
-<td class="tdl">Richard Gardiner</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">†*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Thomas Rogers</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Allerton</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Thomas Tinker</td>
-<td class="tdr">†</td>
-<td class="tdl">Thomas English</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdr">‡†</td>
-<td class="tdl">John Rigdale</td>
-<td class="tdr">*</td>
-<td class="tdl">Edward Doty</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdc" colspan="4">Edward Leister</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-
-<p class="noindent">(Note: November 21st of our Calendar is the same as November 11th<br />
-of the Old Style Calendar.)</p>
-
-<p>* Has descendants now living.</p>
-
-<p>‡ Brought wife.</p>
-
-<p>† Died first winter.</p>
-
- </div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
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