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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09bbb7a --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #67840 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67840) diff --git a/old/67840-0.txt b/old/67840-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3fe5121..0000000 --- a/old/67840-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1041 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Essay on the Literature of the Mexican -War, by W. T. Lawson - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Essay on the Literature of the Mexican War - -Author: W. T. Lawson - -Release Date: April 14, 2022 [eBook #67840] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from - images generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESSAY ON THE LITERATURE OF -THE MEXICAN WAR *** - - - - - - ESSAY - ON THE - LITERATURE - OF THE - MEXICAN WAR - - W. T. LAWSON, - - Class of ’82, Columbia College, New York. - - - - - ESSAY. - - -The annexation of Texas and the consequent war with Mexico resulted -in adding to the United States eight hundred and eighty-six thousand -four hundred and ninety square miles of territory, an area much greater -than all that is comprised in the States lying east of the Mississippi -River, and almost equal to that embraced in the Louisiana purchase of -President Jefferson from Napoleon the First in 1803. The events of the -war which added and confirmed to the Union this magnificent domain have -been obscured by the magnitude of the recent civil war, and they have -become almost as remote in the popular imagination as the romantic -incidents in the campaigns of Cortez in the sixteenth century. But as -the fires of civil strife are almost dead, and peaceful industries -are developing the wonderful resources of our Mexican acquisitions, -new interest is awakened in the circumstances of the conquest and the -brilliant military achievements that attended them. By the enterprise -of our own people millions of gold and silver have been added to the -world’s wealth from the mines and placers of California, Arizona, New -Mexico and Colorado, and the plains of Texas are teeming with countless -herds for the feeding of Europe. A new but peaceful invasion of Mexico -by American capital has been begun, which arouses fresh interest in its -history, its native wealth, and its destiny. A railway under American -management traverses the line of Scott’s march from Vera Cruz to the -capital city, another will soon pass over the fields made immortal by -Taylor and his handful of rough and ready soldiers; engineering skill -proposes to cross the Isthmus of Tehuantepec with an iron highway for -the transportation of ocean vessels from the Bay of Campeche to the -waters of the Pacific Ocean, and a line of railway following the track -of Doniphan’s march will soon reach Chihuahua in its progress to the -City of Mexico, being built with a rapidity almost equal to the speed -of his little army of victorious Missourians who first marked out this -pathway of improvement. - -The time has not yet come when the war with Mexico can be treated with -the philosophic dignity of which it is worthy, embellished with the -imagination of poetry, and its events appropriated by the historical -novelist. Certain it is, whether strange or not, that no hand has -been put forth to extract the philosophy of its history, to direct -our opinions of its events and its men, to trace the connections of -its causes and effects, and to draw from its occurrences and results -general lessons of political wisdom. Almost all the histories and -sketches of it were written soon after its close, and may be considered -almost contemporaneous with it, when the authors of the period could -not avail themselves of the mass of material which time has now made -accessible. The party passions of the hour, intensified by the slavery -struggle, so tinged all efforts at the philosophical discussion of -it that its great, enduring, and far-reaching consequences were not -foreseen, much less appreciated, and are only just now beginning to -be felt under the influence of the material development of the vast -regions that were added to the country at its termination. Numerous -books have been written about it, many of which will have some value -to him who shall in the future assume the task of illustrating this -brilliant period of American history, and there is appended to this -essay a list of those volumes which have been examined and seem -worthy of study. So little, however, is the history of this portion -of the nation’s life appreciated that President Porter, of Yale -College, in the list of historical studies in his work upon “Books -and Reading” omits all reference to works upon the Mexican War, and -gives but bare mention to that valuable authority upon the subject, -“Benton’s Thirty Years View,” a work of which William Cullen Bryant -has said: “Its literary execution, the simplicity of its style, and -the unexceptionable taste which tempers all its author’s allusions to -his contemporaries have been the subject of universal admiration.” For -a clear and dispassionate discussion of the causes of the war, for -just judgment of the motives of the actors in it, and the impartial -statements of the facts that are given, Col. Benton’s chapters on -the Mexican War cannot be commended too highly to the student or the -historian. It is worthy of mention that the chapter which contains his -address of welcome to Doniphan and the Missouri Volunteers at St. Louis -on their return from the war is a masterpiece of dignified and graphic -eloquence, worthy of a place as a classic model, and calls to mind the -days when Athens witnessed the most splendid exhibitions of oratory the -world has ever known. Since most of the histories of this war have been -written a valuable addition has been made to the stores of knowledge -on the subject in an admirable translation by Col. Albert E. Ramsey of -a Mexican history of the conflict, which has been published under the -title, “The Other Side.” - -For the limited purposes of this essay it will be sufficient to select -for rapid review those volumes which are esteemed the best types of all -that has been written, and present them for consideration. - - - THE WAR WITH MEXICO. By R. S. Ripley, Brevet-Major in the - United States Army, &c. New York. 1849. 2 vols., 8vo. - -This seems by all odds the best history of the Mexican War. As a -military history it is almost faultless, and will probably remain -an authority upon the military events of the war for all time. The -author, who was born in Ohio, graduated from the Military Academy in -1843. His regiment, the Second Artillery, was sent to the Rio Grande, -took part in the battles around Monterey in September, 1846, and was -then ordered to report to Gen. Scott. In the reorganization of the -forces he became First Lieutenant of the Second Artillery, March 3, -1847. He took part in the operations which ended in the capitulation -of Vera Cruz and the occupation of that port by the American Army, -(March 9 to 29, 1847,) and for gallant and meritorious conduct in the -battle of Cerro Gordo (April 17 and 18, 1847,) was breveted Captain. -When Gen. Scott began his final movement upon the City of Mexico (Aug. -6, 1847) Ripley was assigned to duty as aide to Gen. Pillow, and was -with that General in the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino -del Rey, and also in the storming of Chapultepec, and for his gallant -and meritorious conduct was breveted Major (Sept. 13, 1847). He was, -therefore, an actor in most of the scenes which he describes, and held -towards the superior officers of the Army relations which enabled him -to comprehend what was done. - -As an aide-de-camp and friend of Gen. Pillow, he naturally sympathized -with that officer in the unseemly dissensions which broke out between -Gen. Scott on the one hand and Gens. Worth and Pillow and other -distinguished officers on the other, and was more or less interested in -the protracted military investigations which followed the war. In this -way he made the military history of the war a careful study, and he -studied not only carefully but intelligently. His military education, -his actual service in the war, his taste for military studies, the -position which he held on Pillow’s staff, and his very decided ability -fitted him peculiarly to be the military historian of the war. In order -to write his history he obtained a protracted leave of absence, and -devoted himself faithfully to his work. That he was prejudiced against -both Gen. Scott and Gen. Taylor, and criticizes both of these eminent -soldiers too severely, and very unjustly, is true, but he tells the -story of the campaign with singular fidelity and in a masterly way. -He understood what was done and has told it in a style worthy of the -great deeds which he narrates. His obstinate temper, his prejudice, -and his contentious spirit are too often apparent, but we pardon them -in reading his luminous account of the many intricate movements of -the troops, and the wonderful battles which were fought in the Valley -of Mexico. However unjust his criticisms, they are always able and -dignified, and compel our respect. - -It is not strange that he did not appreciate the romantic performances -of Kearney and Doniphan and Fremont, for he viewed all things as one -fresh from the Military Academy, where are taught the duties of a -soldier, not those of a statesman, and he was still a youth of 26 when -he wrote his history. He could not understand the meaning of Kearney’s -long march across the desert, of Doniphan’s wonderful expedition, or of -Fremont’s daring exploits and strange adventures. He did not see that -statesmen had duties more important than those of the soldier, and that -Doniphan and Kearney and Fremont were adding an empire to the Union, -while Scott and Taylor were covering our armies with undying glory and -securing the possession of the conquests which our little armies were -making in New Mexico and California. - -A soldier of distinction, (Stevens,) in reviewing the book, says: -“The work is professedly critical, and much space is devoted to the -discussion of the political and military movements of both Mexico and -the United States. A very thorough exposition has been made of both -campaigns and of battles. The style is decidedly good. His view of the -origin of the war is eminently just and told in sufficient detail.” - -The freedom with which he, a mere subaltern, criticizes the conduct -of such veterans as Scott and Taylor, both of them his superior -officers, and one of them the President of the United States and -Commander-in-Chief of the Army, is remarkable. - -After commenting on Taylor’s mistakes at Palo Alto and criticizing -severely his movement upon Monterey, he denounces his generalship in -that battle and the armistice which followed. As to Buena Vista, he -evidently thinks that it was won in spite of Taylor, and he says that -the battle was saved once by the brilliant courage and hard fighting -of Davis’s Mississippi regiment, and again by the timely and splendid -execution of Bragg’s battery; that Davis suggested his own movement, -and that Bragg moved without orders in the direction of the plateau, -and both came in at the proper hour, and were both successful――giving -fresh proof of the “supremacy of fortune in war.” - -His criticisms of Scott are intensely bitter, and he says that the -first great cause of American success in the operations around the -City of Mexico lay in the bravery and courage of the army, and not in -the ability and skill of the General-in-Chief, who (in our author’s -opinion) gave more attention to politics and his own personal position -than to the operations of the war. - -Santa Anna is skillfully and ably portrayed, and appears as the most -remarkable figure on either side. Ripley charges that Scott was -successfully duped by the Mexican from the outset of his movement from -Puebla till the capture of the city. - -With all its faults, this book of Ripley’s is the very best history -of the war with Mexico that has been written, and it will probably -always remain the standard military history of the war, as Kinglake’s -is of the Crimean contest, and Napier’s of the Peninsular War――the -two military histories of surpassing excellence. Its author, who is -still alive and in the perfection of his powers, ought to revise it -by the light of subsequent events, and leave it to his country as an -imperishable record of the most glorious war which the Union has ever -fought. - - - THE MEXICAN WAR: A History of its Origin, with a detailed - Account of its Victories, which terminated in the Surrender - of the Capital, with Official Despatches of the Generals. By - Edward D. Mansfield, a graduate of the United States Military - Academy. Illustrated with Maps and Engravings. New York. 1848. - 12mo, 343 pages. - -This author was born in Connecticut in 1801. His father afterwards -became the first Professor of Natural Philosophy at West Point, and -there the son graduated in 1819. Declining a commission in the Corps -of Engineers, he resumed his studies at Princeton and graduated there -in 1822. He then practiced law in Connecticut, whence he removed to -Cincinnati, and practiced law there till 1836, when he abandoned law -for literature. - -The little volume before us gives a succinct but clear account of -the origin of the war, and of the campaigns under Taylor and Scott, -based chiefly upon the reports of those officers and other official -documents. It must be remembered, however, that this, and indeed, -every other history of the war, was published immediately after the -establishment of peace, and without that knowledge of thousands of -important facts which have since come to light and which is essential -to a correct understanding of the diplomatic, political, and military -history of that period. Therefore, this, like all other histories -of the war written about that time, is necessarily imperfect and -untrustworthy. - -The chief defects in Mansfield’s book spring from several facts. 1st. -He was vehemently opposed to the annexation of Texas, and to the -acquisition of territory. 2d. He was a warm partisan of Gen. Scott, -whose biographer he became. 3d. His style was intensely florid, as will -appear from the last paragraph of his book, which we quote. Speaking -of the United States and Mexico, he says: “Egypt and her millions, -with the famed Valley of the Nile, fade before the broad magnificence, -the mighty growth, of those American empires. Even the terrible and -far-seeing eagles of Rome grow dizzy and dim in their sight as they -look down from the summits of history upon these continental nations, -these colossal giants of the modern world. And now this Spaniard and -this Northman meet in battle panoply in this valley of volcanoes, -by the ancient groves of unknown nations, on the lava-covered soil -where nature once poured forth her awe-inspiring flames and the brave -Tlascalan once sung of glory and of greatness. Three centuries since, -these warrior nations had left their homes beyond the wide Atlantic; -two thousand miles from each other they had planted the seats of their -empire; and now, as if time, in the moral world, had completed another -of its grand revolutions, they have met in mortal conflict. Like the -eagle and the vulture, who long had pursued different circles in the -heavens, and long made prey of the weak tenants of the air, their -circles have been enlarged till they cross each other. They shriek! -They fight! The victorious eagle bears the vulture to the earth, and -screams forth through the clouds his triumphant song! Has the bold -bird received no wound? Has no blood tinged the feathers of his wing? -Is there no secret flow of life from the portals of his heart? Will he -continue to look with unblenched eye on the blazing glories of the sun?” - - - THE WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. Illustrated. - Embracing Pictorial Drawings of all the Principal Conflicts. By - Carl Nebel. With a Description of each Battle by George Wilkins - Kendall. D. Appleton & Co. New York. 1851. - -This is a large royal folio volume, with twelve full-page colored -lithographs, speaking of which the author and the artist say that “no -country can claim that its battles have been illustrated in a richer, -more faithful, or more costly style of lithography.” - -The author of this book was a native of Vermont, but moved to New -Orleans in 1835, and became widely known as the editor of the -_Picayune_. He was a man of adventurous disposition and decided -ability, and wrote prior to the war several books which acquired great -popularity. At the outbreak of the Mexican War he volunteered to serve -on the staff of Gen. Taylor. He was with that officer throughout his -campaigns, and afterwards accompanied Gen. Scott’s column on its march -to the City of Mexico. He was consequently an eye-witness of the scenes -which he describes. His descriptions are vivid and real, and place -him high in the ranks of war correspondents. His book, though hardly -deserving a place among histories, will always be a rich storehouse -from which historians will gather materials for their more pretentious -and more lasting works. He was a brilliant correspondent, and, strange -to say, a truthful story-teller. - -Mr. Nebel’s illustrations are valuable as truthful pictures of the -costumes of the contending armies, and of the scenes which they -illustrate, but, like all battle pictures, they are highly imaginative. - - - A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE MEXICAN WAR――ITS CAUSES, CONDUCT AND - CONSEQUENCES: Comprising an Account of the various Military and - Naval Operations, from its Commencement to the Treaty of Peace. - Illustrated and explained by Maps, Plans of Battles, Views and - Portraits. By Nathan C. Brooks, A. M., Member of the Maryland - Historical Society, etc. Philadelphia. 1849. 8vo, 558 pages. - -This handsome volume is the best general history of the Mexican War, -far better than any of them with the exception of Ripley’s, which is -in some particulars, and especially as a military history, very much -better than Brooks’s and all other histories of this war. Mr. Brooks, -brought to the work qualifications and experience which fitted him -particularly to write charmingly the story of a romantic war. He was -in the prime of a life which had been passed among books; had been a -teacher and journalist; had edited gracefully and learnedly a series -of Greek and Latin classics; was a student, historian, and poet. His -judgment was impartial and his taste refined and highly cultivated. He -was a believer in the manifest destiny of his country, and sympathized -earnestly with those who sought to benefit mankind by enlarging “the -area of freedom.” His heart was with the armies which had marched -towards the “Halls of the Montezumas,” and he studied the reports of -their campaigns, not only eagerly, but faithfully and intelligently――by -the light of a student’s knowledge and the inspiration of a highly -poetic fancy. - -Written at a time when but a tithe of the material which now awaits the -historian’s plastic hand was before him; when the great mass of state -papers, memoirs and reminiscences which disclose the truth as to the -negotiations which preceded the annexation of Texas and the initiation -of the war, as well as the events of the conflict itself, were still -unpublished and inaccessible; when absolutely nothing was known to -us of the negotiations of the Mexican Government except through its -correspondence with ours, and when nothing had been ascertained of its -military operations except as disclosed upon the battlefield――it is -not to be wondered that Mr. Brooks’s history is characterized as being -more interesting and attractive than accurate and instructive, since -he neither fully understood the great events which he was narrating -nor foresaw the great consequences which were to flow from them; nor, -moreover, had he learned the lessons which they taught, by which this -generation will profit. - -The fault which we find with his book is one common to all histories, -not strictly military, which treat of wars that have just happened; -we refer to its extremely prolix descriptions of battles. The reader, -however, can pass over such parts of these as do not interest him, and -will lose little save the noise and fury of the fights and the lurid -phrases which describe them. - -The most felicitous chapters of the book are those which tell the -story of the conquest of New Mexico and California, and of Doniphan’s -romantic expedition. To tell these stories well and truly the historian -needed all his poetic fancy, and all that rich and exuberant diction -with which nature and study had so bountifully endowed him. These -chapters recall the pictured pages of Prescott, and are not unworthy of -the historian of the Conquest. - - - PICTORIAL HISTORY OF MEXICO AND THE MEXICAN WAR: Comprising an - Account of the Ancient Aztec Empire, the Conquest by Cortez, - Mexico under the Spaniards, the Mexican Revolution, the - Republic, the Texan War, and the recent War with the United - States. By John Frost, L.L.D., author of the Pictorial History - of the World, etc. Embellished with 500 Engravings of W. Croome - and other distinguished Artists. 8vo. Philadelphia. 1856. - -Nearly five hundred pages of this volume are devoted to the Mexican -War. The author, who was born in Maine in 1800, studied at Bowdoin, and -then at Harvard, where he graduated in 1822. He then taught school, -first at Boston and afterwards at Philadelphia, till 1845. After that -time he gave himself up exclusively to the compilation of his many -pictorial histories, all of which achieved great popularity, and -deserved it. - -His intention seemed always to be to write readable and saleable books. -To do this he was well fitted by his predilection for historical -composition, and his great experience as a teacher. His style was -natural and simple and perspicuous. The arrangement of his subject was -orderly, and there was in his grouping of facts a picturesqueness which -was somewhat fascinating and always pleasing. He was not a philosopher, -or an erudite historian, nor did he pretend to be either――hence we are -not to look in his works for any profound thoughts, or for any facts -which are not the common property of every one. - -He had no prejudices, no enthusiasms, no theories to maintain, no -heroes to exalt and magnify. He wrote to please and to sell――to please -that he might sell. Taking the official reports of battle and the -state papers at Washington, he drew from them an intelligible statement -of the main facts which he intended to narrate, and then, with good -taste and consummate skill, made the dry details interesting and indeed -captivating by weaving among them stories of American prowess, and such -heroic deeds and patriotic daring as were easily found in the letters -of war correspondents and hero-worshipers. He also availed himself -of the multitude of memoirs and books of adventure which flooded the -country immediately after the war, and thus made his book partake of -that patriotic fervor which the splendid achievements of our troops in -Mexico had kindled in the heart of every American. He has thrown into -it the charm that lingers in the wonderful stories of Herodotus. Had he -not done this, his book would have remained unsold on the shelves of -his publishers, and would not have taken its place in every household -by the side of Parson Weem’s veracious chronicles and “The Tales of a -Grandfather.” - -It follows from what has been said that Frost’s work on the Mexican -War is not a book for the students of either military or diplomatic -history, nor for those who wish to learn the true history of the war, -or the real truth as to the deeds which were then done, or, as to the -men who did them, what manner of men they were, and what their motives, -nor, lastly, as to the mighty results of the contest. Nevertheless, it -is a good book and well worth a reading by those who want merely an -intelligible and interesting account of the events which it narrates. - -It would hardly be fair to dismiss the book without referring to the -500 engravings wherewith it is “embellished from designs of W. Croome -and other distinguished artists” whose invaluable services Mr. Frost -gratefully acknowledges. They are simply wonderful. We open, by hazard, -at page 458. Before us is a picture of Fremont in his famous ride -from Los Angeles “to Monterey and back; a journey of more than 800 -miles, performed in eight days, including two days’ detention and all -stoppages.” This is more than 130 miles in a day. Look at the splendid -charger whose flowing mane and mud-tossed tail and flying form brings -to mind the magic horses of the “Arabian Nights”! See how he skims -over the plains, disdaining to touch the earth with his hoofs! And see -how erect the rider sits upon his flying steed, riding night and day -through the trackless plains, _en grande tenue_, not a speck of dirt on -his gold-embroidered, epauletted coat of blue; not a trace of the soil -upon his immaculate trousers; not a sign of fatigue upon the earnest -face which the three-cornered hat protects from sun and storm; nor any -weariness in the stalwart arm, whose gloved hand carries a naked sword, -holding it in strict conformity to Army regulations! Look and wonder! -Certainly, this is further beyond our criticism than are the glowing -canvases whereon Horace Vernet has immortalized the fields of French -glory. - -The literature of the war, as has been before remarked, is devoid of -any novels of distinguished merit, and has not been rich in poetic -inspiration. But during the period of hostilities, and amidst the -political excitement that followed, James Russell Lowell began in a -leading Boston paper a series of political satires on the war, in the -Yankee dialect, purporting to be written by Hosea Biglow. These satires -were afterwards collected in a volume with Lowell’s works, and are -known as the “Biglow Papers.” Their wit and vigor are admirable. The -character of Parson Wilbur, to whom is attributed the introduction, -notes and index, is a comic creation full of delight. The whole is -a rare repository of fun, and Hosea is the embodiment of the native -humor and homely mother wit of the Yankee race. It is one of the most -ingenious and well sustained _jeux d’esprit_ in existence. It is -perhaps not too much to say that it is the best burlesque poem that -has appeared since Samuel Butler, in the first part of “Hudibras,” -ridiculed the austerities of the Puritan leaders of the seventeenth -century with his shining and merciless wit. - -By far the most brilliant poetic production of the period is the -elegiac ode, by Theodore O’Hara, a poet, soldier and editor, of -Kentucky. It is entitled the “Bivouac of the Dead,” and had its origin -in the occasion of the interment, at Frankfort, in 1847, of the gallant -soldiers who fell in battle. It is noted for its rare beauty of style, -its genuine pathos, its descriptive ideality, its heroic vigor, and its -patriotic fervor. Genuine appreciation and candid criticism will place -it with Wolfe’s “Burial of Sir John Moore” and Collins’s “How Sleep the -Brave,” among the classic lyric gems of the language. Its lines are -used for inscriptions upon the tombs of heroes all over the land, and -one of its immortal stanzas adorns the National Cemetery at Arlington -Heights. It goes to the heart of every true soldier, and is likely -to remain enshrined there forever. Mention must also be made of the -admiration which lingers about the pensive beauty, the pathetic grace, -and the vivid picture of Whittier’s “Angels of Buena Vista.” - -The excitement in the public mind occasioned by the war caused many -remarkable discussions, and the pulpit of New England, with its usual -disposition to intermeddle in political affairs, was not tardy in -presenting its opinions. The most distinguished preacher of the time, -Theodore Parker, in words of burning eloquence denounced all wars, and -the injustice of this one, and with elaborate figures estimated its -cost and expenses at two hundred millions of dollars, and, weighing -this sum against the value of our acquisition, pronounced the war -profitless, and asked, contemptuously, “What have we got to show for -all this money?” - -In the light of the present hour, the mere beginning that has been -made in the development of the acquired regions will afford a partial -answer to illustrate the lack of historic prescience that blinded -the perceptions of the time. The growth of these new countries seems -to point to a period, not far distant, when they shall contain a -population as great as that which inhabits the Cis-Mississippi States. - -The new apportionment bill which has just been enacted gives to the -States already erected in this region almost as many Representatives in -Congress as all New England, and another decade will show that it has -passed far in advance in wealth and population. California, Arizona, -New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah from their mines alone have added more -than two thousand millions of dollars to the world’s wealth, and are -now yielding more than one-third of the annual product of gold and -silver in the entire world. Two Pacific railways, the greatest feats -of modern engineering, traversing the regions that were said to be -“occupied with broken mountains and dreary wilds,” and “fit only for -the restless hunter and wandering trapper,” have revolutionized the -commerce of the world. England seeks Australia and New Zealand through -the Golden Gate, and the productions of China and Japan flow to our -magnificent harbors of the Pacific and cross the American continent on -their way to supply the demands of Europe. - -The archæological discoveries in these regions disclose a prehistoric -occupancy by a race that founded great cities and built palaces and -temples, and who shall say, that, under the dominion of the Anglo -Saxon, the glories of their antiquity may not be surpassed? Who shall -say what mighty results shall flow from the contest which began when -Gen. Taylor crossed the Nueces in the march to the Rio Grande? - - - - - LIST OF BOOKS ON THE MEXICAN WAR. - - -BRACKETT, A. G. - - “Gen. Lane’s Brigade in Central Mexico.” 1 vol., 12mo. Cincinnati. - 1854. - - -BROOKS, N. C. - - “History of the Mexican War.” 8vo. Baltimore. 1849. - - -CARLETON, J. H. - - “Battle of Buena Vista.” 16mo. New York. 1848. - - -CUTTS, J. M. - - “Conquest of California and New Mexico.” 12mo. Philadelphia. 1847. - - -EDWARDS, F. S. - - “Campaign in New Mexico.” 12mo. Philadelphia. 1847. - - -FROST, J. - - “Pictorial History of Mexico and the Mexican War.” 8vo. Philadelphia. - 1856. - - -GIDDINGS, Major. - - “Campaign of Northern Mexico.” 12mo. New York. 1853. - - -HENRY, W. S. - - “Campaign Sketches of War with Mexico.” 12mo. New York. 1847. - - -HUGHES, J. T. - - “Doniphan’s Expedition.” 12mo. Cincinnati. 1848. - - -JAY, W. - - “Causes and Consequences of the Mexican War.” 12mo. Boston. 1849. - - -KENDALL, G. W. - - “Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition.” 2 vols., 12mo. New - York. 1847. - - -KENDALL, G. W. - - “The War between the United States and Mexico.” Royal folio. - - -LIVERMORE, N. - - “War with Mexico Reviewed.” 12mo. Boston. 1850. New York. 1851. - - -MANSFIELD, E. D. - - “Life and Services of Gen. Winfield Scott.” 12mo. New York. 1852. - - -MEYER, BRANTZ. - - “Mexico.” 2 vols., 8mo. Hartford. 1853. - - -RAMSEY, A. C. - - “The Other Side.” 12mo. New York. 1852. - - -REYNOLDS, J. G. - - “Marine Corps in Mexico.” 8vo. New York. 1853. - - -RICHARDSON, W. H. - - “Journal of a Soldier in Mexico.” 12mo. Baltimore. 1848. - - -RICHARDSON, W. H. - - “Journal with Col. Doniphan.” 12mo. Baltimore. 1848. - - -RIPLEY, R. S. - - “War with Mexico.” 2 vols. 8vo. New York. 1849. - - -SCRIBNER, B. F. - - “A Campaign in Mexico.” 8vo. Philadelphia. 1850. - - -SEMMES, R. - - “Service During the War.” 8vo. Cincinnati. 1851. - - -SEMMES, R. - - “Campaign in Mexico.” 12mo. Cincinnati. 1852. - - -STEVENS, J. J. - - “Campaigns on the Rio Grande and in Mexico.” 8vo. New York. 1851. - - -SIMPSON, JAS. H. - - “Journal of a Military Reconnoissance.” 8vo. Philadelphia. 1852. - - -THORPE, T. B. - - “Our Army on the Rio Grande.” 12mo. Philadelphia. 1846. - - -THORPE, T. B. - - “Our Army at Monterey.” 12mo. Philadelphia. 1848. - - -WILLARD, E. - - “Last Leaves of American History.” 12mo. New York. 1849. - - -WOODWARD, ASHBEL. - - “Life of General N. Lyon.” Hartford. 1862. - - - * * * * * - - - Transcriber’s Notes: - - ――Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). - - ――Printer’s, punctuation and spelling inaccuracies were silently - corrected. - - ――Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved. - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESSAY ON THE LITERATURE OF THE -MEXICAN WAR *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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T. Lawson</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Essay on the Literature of the Mexican War</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: W. T. Lawson</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: April 14, 2022 [eBook #67840]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESSAY ON THE LITERATURE OF THE MEXICAN WAR ***</div> - - -<div class="figcenter" id="cover"> - <img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover" title="cover" /> - <div class="caption"> - <p class="noic">Transcriber’s Note: The cover image was created from the title - page by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - </div> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h1 class="nobreak">ESSAY<br /> -ON THE<br /> -LITERATURE<br /> -OF THE<br /> -MEXICAN WAR</h1> - -<p class="p2 noi author">W. T. LAWSON,</p> - -<p class="noic"><span class="smcap">Class of ’82, Columbia College, New York.</span></p> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="ESSAY">ESSAY.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>The annexation of Texas and the consequent war with Mexico -resulted in adding to the United States eight hundred and -eighty-six thousand four hundred and ninety square miles of -territory, an area much greater than all that is comprised in -the States lying east of the Mississippi River, and almost equal -to that embraced in the Louisiana purchase of President Jefferson -from Napoleon the First in 1803. The events of the war -which added and confirmed to the Union this magnificent -domain have been obscured by the magnitude of the recent -civil war, and they have become almost as remote in the -popular imagination as the romantic incidents in the campaigns -of Cortez in the sixteenth century. But as the fires -of civil strife are almost dead, and peaceful industries are developing -the wonderful resources of our Mexican acquisitions, -new interest is awakened in the circumstances of the conquest -and the brilliant military achievements that attended them. -By the enterprise of our own people millions of gold and silver -have been added to the world’s wealth from the mines and -placers of California, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado, and -the plains of Texas are teeming with countless herds for the -feeding of Europe. A new but peaceful invasion of Mexico -by American capital has been begun, which arouses fresh -interest in its history, its native wealth, and its destiny. A -railway under American management traverses the line of -Scott’s march from Vera Cruz to the capital city, another will -soon pass over the fields made immortal by Taylor and his<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span> -handful of rough and ready soldiers; engineering skill proposes -to cross the Isthmus of Tehuantepec with an iron highway -for the transportation of ocean vessels from the Bay of -Campeche to the waters of the Pacific Ocean, and a line of -railway following the track of Doniphan’s march will soon -reach Chihuahua in its progress to the City of Mexico, being -built with a rapidity almost equal to the speed of his little -army of victorious Missourians who first marked out this pathway -of improvement.</p> - -<p>The time has not yet come when the war with Mexico can -be treated with the philosophic dignity of which it is worthy, -embellished with the imagination of poetry, and its events -appropriated by the historical novelist. Certain it is, whether -strange or not, that no hand has been put forth to extract the -philosophy of its history, to direct our opinions of its events -and its men, to trace the connections of its causes and effects, -and to draw from its occurrences and results general lessons of -political wisdom. Almost all the histories and sketches of it -were written soon after its close, and may be considered almost -contemporaneous with it, when the authors of the period could -not avail themselves of the mass of material which time has -now made accessible. The party passions of the hour, intensified -by the slavery struggle, so tinged all efforts at the philosophical -discussion of it that its great, enduring, and far-reaching -consequences were not foreseen, much less appreciated, and -are only just now beginning to be felt under the influence of -the material development of the vast regions that were added -to the country at its termination. Numerous books have been -written about it, many of which will have some value to him -who shall in the future assume the task of illustrating this -brilliant period of American history, and there is appended to -this essay a list of those volumes which have been examined -and seem worthy of study. So little, however, is the history -of this portion of the nation’s life appreciated that President -Porter, of Yale College, in the list of historical studies in his<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -work upon “Books and Reading” omits all reference to works -upon the Mexican War, and gives but bare mention to that -valuable authority upon the subject, “Benton’s Thirty Years -View,” a work of which William Cullen Bryant has said: “Its -literary execution, the simplicity of its style, and the unexceptionable -taste which tempers all its author’s allusions to -his contemporaries have been the subject of universal admiration.” -For a clear and dispassionate discussion of the -causes of the war, for just judgment of the motives of the -actors in it, and the impartial statements of the facts that are -given, Col. Benton’s chapters on the Mexican War cannot -be commended too highly to the student or the historian. It -is worthy of mention that the chapter which contains his -address of welcome to Doniphan and the Missouri Volunteers -at St. Louis on their return from the war is a masterpiece of -dignified and graphic eloquence, worthy of a place as a classic -model, and calls to mind the days when Athens witnessed the -most splendid exhibitions of oratory the world has ever known. -Since most of the histories of this war have been written a -valuable addition has been made to the stores of knowledge on -the subject in an admirable translation by Col. Albert E. -Ramsey of a Mexican history of the conflict, which has been -published under the title, “The Other Side.”</p> - -<p>For the limited purposes of this essay it will be sufficient to -select for rapid review those volumes which are esteemed the -best types of all that has been written, and present them for -consideration.</p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="p2 hang">THE WAR WITH MEXICO. By R. S. Ripley, Brevet-Major in the United States -Army, &c. New York. 1849. 2 vols., 8vo.</p> -</div> - -<p>This seems by all odds the best history of the Mexican War. -As a military history it is almost faultless, and will probably -remain an authority upon the military events of the war for all<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -time. The author, who was born in Ohio, graduated from the -Military Academy in 1843. His regiment, the Second Artillery, -was sent to the Rio Grande, took part in the battles around -Monterey in September, 1846, and was then ordered to report -to Gen. Scott. In the reorganization of the forces he became -First Lieutenant of the Second Artillery, March 3, 1847. -He took part in the operations which ended in the capitulation -of Vera Cruz and the occupation of that port by the American -Army, (March 9 to 29, 1847,) and for gallant and meritorious -conduct in the battle of Cerro Gordo (April 17 and 18, -1847,) was breveted Captain. When Gen. Scott began his -final movement upon the City of Mexico (Aug. 6, 1847) -Ripley was assigned to duty as aide to Gen. Pillow, and -was with that General in the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, -and Molino del Rey, and also in the storming of Chapultepec, -and for his gallant and meritorious conduct was breveted -Major (Sept. 13, 1847). He was, therefore, an actor in most of -the scenes which he describes, and held towards the superior -officers of the Army relations which enabled him to comprehend -what was done.</p> - -<p>As an aide-de-camp and friend of Gen. Pillow, he naturally -sympathized with that officer in the unseemly dissensions -which broke out between Gen. Scott on the one hand and -Gens. Worth and Pillow and other distinguished officers on the -other, and was more or less interested in the protracted -military investigations which followed the war. In this way -he made the military history of the war a careful study, and he -studied not only carefully but intelligently. His military -education, his actual service in the war, his taste for military -studies, the position which he held on Pillow’s staff, -and his very decided ability fitted him peculiarly to be the -military historian of the war. In order to write his history he -obtained a protracted leave of absence, and devoted himself -faithfully to his work. That he was prejudiced against both -Gen. Scott and Gen. Taylor, and criticizes both of these<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -eminent soldiers too severely, and very unjustly, is true, -but he tells the story of the campaign with singular fidelity -and in a masterly way. He understood what was done and -has told it in a style worthy of the great deeds which he -narrates. His obstinate temper, his prejudice, and his contentious -spirit are too often apparent, but we pardon them -in reading his luminous account of the many intricate movements -of the troops, and the wonderful battles which were -fought in the Valley of Mexico. However unjust his criticisms, -they are always able and dignified, and compel our -respect.</p> - -<p>It is not strange that he did not appreciate the romantic performances -of Kearney and Doniphan and Fremont, for he -viewed all things as one fresh from the Military Academy, -where are taught the duties of a soldier, not those of a -statesman, and he was still a youth of 26 when he wrote his -history. He could not understand the meaning of Kearney’s -long march across the desert, of Doniphan’s wonderful expedition, -or of Fremont’s daring exploits and strange adventures. -He did not see that statesmen had duties more important than -those of the soldier, and that Doniphan and Kearney and -Fremont were adding an empire to the Union, while Scott -and Taylor were covering our armies with undying glory and -securing the possession of the conquests which our little armies -were making in New Mexico and California.</p> - -<p>A soldier of distinction, (Stevens,) in reviewing the book, -says: “The work is professedly critical, and much space is -devoted to the discussion of the political and military movements -of both Mexico and the United States. A very thorough -exposition has been made of both campaigns and of battles. -The style is decidedly good. His view of the origin of the war -is eminently just and told in sufficient detail.”</p> - -<p>The freedom with which he, a mere subaltern, criticizes -the conduct of such veterans as Scott and Taylor, both of -them his superior officers, and one of them the President<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -of the United States and Commander-in-Chief of the Army, -is remarkable.</p> - -<p>After commenting on Taylor’s mistakes at Palo Alto and -criticizing severely his movement upon Monterey, he denounces -his generalship in that battle and the armistice which followed. -As to Buena Vista, he evidently thinks that it was won in spite -of Taylor, and he says that the battle was saved once by the -brilliant courage and hard fighting of Davis’s Mississippi regiment, -and again by the timely and splendid execution of -Bragg’s battery; that Davis suggested his own movement, -and that Bragg moved without orders in the direction of the -plateau, and both came in at the proper hour, and were both -successful—giving fresh proof of the “supremacy of fortune in -war.”</p> - -<p>His criticisms of Scott are intensely bitter, and he says that -the first great cause of American success in the operations -around the City of Mexico lay in the bravery and courage of -the army, and not in the ability and skill of the General-in-Chief, -who (in our author’s opinion) gave more attention to -politics and his own personal position than to the operations -of the war.</p> - -<p>Santa Anna is skillfully and ably portrayed, and appears as -the most remarkable figure on either side. Ripley charges that -Scott was successfully duped by the Mexican from the outset -of his movement from Puebla till the capture of the city.</p> - -<p>With all its faults, this book of Ripley’s is the very best -history of the war with Mexico that has been written, and it -will probably always remain the standard military history of -the war, as Kinglake’s is of the Crimean contest, and Napier’s -of the Peninsular War—the two military histories of surpassing -excellence. Its author, who is still alive and in the -perfection of his powers, ought to revise it by the light of subsequent -events, and leave it to his country as an imperishable -record of the most glorious war which the Union has ever -fought.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="p2 hang">THE MEXICAN WAR: A History of its Origin, with a detailed Account of its -Victories, which terminated in the Surrender of the Capital, with Official -Despatches of the Generals. By Edward D. Mansfield, a graduate of the -United States Military Academy. Illustrated with Maps and Engravings. -New York. 1848. 12mo, 343 pages.</p> -</div> - -<p>This author was born in Connecticut in 1801. His father -afterwards became the first Professor of Natural Philosophy at -West Point, and there the son graduated in 1819. Declining -a commission in the Corps of Engineers, he resumed his studies -at Princeton and graduated there in 1822. He then practiced -law in Connecticut, whence he removed to Cincinnati, and -practiced law there till 1836, when he abandoned law for -literature.</p> - -<p>The little volume before us gives a succinct but clear account -of the origin of the war, and of the campaigns under Taylor -and Scott, based chiefly upon the reports of those officers and -other official documents. It must be remembered, however, -that this, and indeed, every other history of the war, was published -immediately after the establishment of peace, and without -that knowledge of thousands of important facts which have -since come to light and which is essential to a correct understanding -of the diplomatic, political, and military history of -that period. Therefore, this, like all other histories of the -war written about that time, is necessarily imperfect and untrustworthy.</p> - -<p>The chief defects in Mansfield’s book spring from several -facts. 1st. He was vehemently opposed to the annexation of -Texas, and to the acquisition of territory. 2d. He was a warm -partisan of Gen. Scott, whose biographer he became. 3d. His -style was intensely florid, as will appear from the last paragraph -of his book, which we quote. Speaking of the United -States and Mexico, he says: “Egypt and her millions, with -the famed Valley of the Nile, fade before the broad magnificence, -the mighty growth, of those American empires. Even -the terrible and far-seeing eagles of Rome grow dizzy and dim<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -in their sight as they look down from the summits of history -upon these continental nations, these colossal giants of the -modern world. And now this Spaniard and this Northman -meet in battle panoply in this valley of volcanoes, by the ancient -groves of unknown nations, on the lava-covered soil -where nature once poured forth her awe-inspiring flames and -the brave Tlascalan once sung of glory and of greatness. -Three centuries since, these warrior nations had left their -homes beyond the wide Atlantic; two thousand miles from -each other they had planted the seats of their empire; and -now, as if time, in the moral world, had completed another -of its grand revolutions, they have met in mortal conflict. -Like the eagle and the vulture, who long had pursued different -circles in the heavens, and long made prey of the weak -tenants of the air, their circles have been enlarged till -they cross each other. They shriek! They fight! The victorious -eagle bears the vulture to the earth, and screams forth -through the clouds his triumphant song! Has the bold bird -received no wound? Has no blood tinged the feathers of -his wing? Is there no secret flow of life from the portals of -his heart? Will he continue to look with unblenched eye on -the blazing glories of the sun?”</p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="p2 hang">THE WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. Illustrated. -Embracing Pictorial Drawings of all the Principal Conflicts. By Carl Nebel. -With a Description of each Battle by George Wilkins Kendall. D. Appleton -& Co. New York. 1851.</p> -</div> - -<p>This is a large royal folio volume, with twelve full-page -colored lithographs, speaking of which the author and the artist -say that “no country can claim that its battles have been illustrated -in a richer, more faithful, or more costly style of lithography.”</p> - -<p>The author of this book was a native of Vermont, but -moved to New Orleans in 1835, and became widely known as<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -the editor of the <cite>Picayune</cite>. He was a man of adventurous disposition -and decided ability, and wrote prior to the war several -books which acquired great popularity. At the outbreak of the -Mexican War he volunteered to serve on the staff of Gen. Taylor. -He was with that officer throughout his campaigns, and -afterwards accompanied Gen. Scott’s column on its march to -the City of Mexico. He was consequently an eye-witness of -the scenes which he describes. His descriptions are vivid and -real, and place him high in the ranks of war correspondents. -His book, though hardly deserving a place among histories, -will always be a rich storehouse from which historians will -gather materials for their more pretentious and more lasting -works. He was a brilliant correspondent, and, strange to say, -a truthful story-teller.</p> - -<p>Mr. Nebel’s illustrations are valuable as truthful pictures of -the costumes of the contending armies, and of the scenes -which they illustrate, but, like all battle pictures, they are -highly imaginative.</p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="p2 hang">A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE MEXICAN WAR—ITS CAUSES, CONDUCT -AND CONSEQUENCES: Comprising an Account of the various Military and -Naval Operations, from its Commencement to the Treaty of Peace. Illustrated -and explained by Maps, Plans of Battles, Views and Portraits. By Nathan C. -Brooks, A. M., Member of the Maryland Historical Society, etc. Philadelphia. -1849. 8vo, 558 pages.</p> -</div> - -<p>This handsome volume is the best general history of the -Mexican War, far better than any of them with the exception -of Ripley’s, which is in some particulars, and especially as a -military history, very much better than Brooks’s and all other -histories of this war. Mr. Brooks, brought to the work qualifications -and experience which fitted him particularly to write -charmingly the story of a romantic war. He was in the prime -of a life which had been passed among books; had been a -teacher and journalist; had edited gracefully and learnedly a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -series of Greek and Latin classics; was a student, historian, -and poet. His judgment was impartial and his taste refined -and highly cultivated. He was a believer in the manifest destiny -of his country, and sympathized earnestly with those who -sought to benefit mankind by enlarging “the area of freedom.” -His heart was with the armies which had marched towards the -“Halls of the Montezumas,” and he studied the reports of their -campaigns, not only eagerly, but faithfully and intelligently—by -the light of a student’s knowledge and the inspiration of -a highly poetic fancy.</p> - -<p>Written at a time when but a tithe of the material which -now awaits the historian’s plastic hand was before him; when -the great mass of state papers, memoirs and reminiscences -which disclose the truth as to the negotiations which preceded -the annexation of Texas and the initiation of the war, as well -as the events of the conflict itself, were still unpublished and -inaccessible; when absolutely nothing was known to us of the -negotiations of the Mexican Government except through its -correspondence with ours, and when nothing had been ascertained -of its military operations except as disclosed upon the -battlefield—it is not to be wondered that Mr. Brooks’s history -is characterized as being more interesting and attractive than -accurate and instructive, since he neither fully understood the -great events which he was narrating nor foresaw the great consequences -which were to flow from them; nor, moreover, had -he learned the lessons which they taught, by which this generation -will profit.</p> - -<p>The fault which we find with his book is one common to all -histories, not strictly military, which treat of wars that have -just happened; we refer to its extremely prolix descriptions -of battles. The reader, however, can pass over such parts of -these as do not interest him, and will lose little save the -noise and fury of the fights and the lurid phrases which describe -them.</p> - -<p>The most felicitous chapters of the book are those which tell<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -the story of the conquest of New Mexico and California, and -of Doniphan’s romantic expedition. To tell these stories well -and truly the historian needed all his poetic fancy, and all that -rich and exuberant diction with which nature and study had -so bountifully endowed him. These chapters recall the pictured -pages of Prescott, and are not unworthy of the historian -of the Conquest.</p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="p2 hang">PICTORIAL HISTORY OF MEXICO AND THE MEXICAN WAR: Comprising -an Account of the Ancient Aztec Empire, the Conquest by Cortez, Mexico under -the Spaniards, the Mexican Revolution, the Republic, the Texan War, and the -recent War with the United States. By John Frost, L.L.D., author of the -Pictorial History of the World, etc. Embellished with 500 Engravings of W. -Croome and other distinguished Artists. 8vo. Philadelphia. 1856.</p> -</div> - -<p>Nearly five hundred pages of this volume are devoted to -the Mexican War. The author, who was born in Maine in -1800, studied at Bowdoin, and then at Harvard, where he -graduated in 1822. He then taught school, first at Boston -and afterwards at Philadelphia, till 1845. After that time he -gave himself up exclusively to the compilation of his many -pictorial histories, all of which achieved great popularity, and -deserved it.</p> - -<p>His intention seemed always to be to write readable and -saleable books. To do this he was well fitted by his predilection -for historical composition, and his great experience as a -teacher. His style was natural and simple and perspicuous. -The arrangement of his subject was orderly, and there was in -his grouping of facts a picturesqueness which was somewhat -fascinating and always pleasing. He was not a philosopher, -or an erudite historian, nor did he pretend to be either—hence -we are not to look in his works for any profound thoughts, or -for any facts which are not the common property of every one.</p> - -<p>He had no prejudices, no enthusiasms, no theories to maintain, -no heroes to exalt and magnify. He wrote to please and -to sell—to please that he might sell. Taking the official<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -reports of battle and the state papers at Washington, he drew -from them an intelligible statement of the main facts which -he intended to narrate, and then, with good taste and consummate -skill, made the dry details interesting and indeed -captivating by weaving among them stories of American -prowess, and such heroic deeds and patriotic daring as were -easily found in the letters of war correspondents and hero-worshipers. -He also availed himself of the multitude of -memoirs and books of adventure which flooded the country -immediately after the war, and thus made his book partake of -that patriotic fervor which the splendid achievements of our -troops in Mexico had kindled in the heart of every American. -He has thrown into it the charm that lingers in the wonderful -stories of Herodotus. Had he not done this, his book would -have remained unsold on the shelves of his publishers, and -would not have taken its place in every household by the side -of Parson Weem’s veracious chronicles and “The Tales of a -Grandfather.”</p> - -<p>It follows from what has been said that Frost’s work on the -Mexican War is not a book for the students of either military -or diplomatic history, nor for those who wish to learn the true -history of the war, or the real truth as to the deeds which were -then done, or, as to the men who did them, what manner -of men they were, and what their motives, nor, lastly, as to the -mighty results of the contest. Nevertheless, it is a good book -and well worth a reading by those who want merely an intelligible -and interesting account of the events which it narrates.</p> - -<p>It would hardly be fair to dismiss the book without referring -to the 500 engravings wherewith it is “embellished from -designs of W. Croome and other distinguished artists” whose -invaluable services Mr. Frost gratefully acknowledges. They -are simply wonderful. We open, by hazard, at page 458. -Before us is a picture of Fremont in his famous ride from Los -Angeles “to Monterey and back; a journey of more than 800 -miles, performed in eight days, including two days’ detention<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -and all stoppages.” This is more than 130 miles in a day. -Look at the splendid charger whose flowing mane and mud-tossed -tail and flying form brings to mind the magic horses of -the “Arabian Nights”! See how he skims over the plains, disdaining -to touch the earth with his hoofs! And see how erect -the rider sits upon his flying steed, riding night and day -through the trackless plains, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en grande tenue</i>, not a speck -of dirt on his gold-embroidered, epauletted coat of blue; not a -trace of the soil upon his immaculate trousers; not a sign of -fatigue upon the earnest face which the three-cornered hat protects -from sun and storm; nor any weariness in the stalwart -arm, whose gloved hand carries a naked sword, holding it -in strict conformity to Army regulations! Look and wonder! -Certainly, this is further beyond our criticism than are the -glowing canvases whereon Horace Vernet has immortalized the -fields of French glory.</p> - -<p>The literature of the war, as has been before remarked, -is devoid of any novels of distinguished merit, and has not -been rich in poetic inspiration. But during the period of hostilities, -and amidst the political excitement that followed, James -Russell Lowell began in a leading Boston paper a series of political -satires on the war, in the Yankee dialect, purporting to be -written by Hosea Biglow. These satires were afterwards collected -in a volume with Lowell’s works, and are known as the -“Biglow Papers.” Their wit and vigor are admirable. The -character of Parson Wilbur, to whom is attributed the introduction, -notes and index, is a comic creation full of delight. -The whole is a rare repository of fun, and Hosea is the embodiment -of the native humor and homely mother wit of the -Yankee race. It is one of the most ingenious and well sustained -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">jeux d’esprit</i> in existence. It is perhaps not too much -to say that it is the best burlesque poem that has appeared -since Samuel Butler, in the first part of “Hudibras,” ridiculed -the austerities of the Puritan leaders of the seventeenth century -with his shining and merciless wit.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p> - -<p>By far the most brilliant poetic production of the period is the -elegiac ode, by Theodore O’Hara, a poet, soldier and editor, of -Kentucky. It is entitled the “Bivouac of the Dead,” and had -its origin in the occasion of the interment, at Frankfort, in -1847, of the gallant soldiers who fell in battle. It is noted for -its rare beauty of style, its genuine pathos, its descriptive -ideality, its heroic vigor, and its patriotic fervor. Genuine -appreciation and candid criticism will place it with Wolfe’s -“Burial of Sir John Moore” and Collins’s “How Sleep the -Brave,” among the classic lyric gems of the language. Its lines -are used for inscriptions upon the tombs of heroes all over the -land, and one of its immortal stanzas adorns the National -Cemetery at Arlington Heights. It goes to the heart of every -true soldier, and is likely to remain enshrined there forever. -Mention must also be made of the admiration which lingers -about the pensive beauty, the pathetic grace, and the vivid -picture of Whittier’s “Angels of Buena Vista.”</p> - -<p>The excitement in the public mind occasioned by the war -caused many remarkable discussions, and the pulpit of New -England, with its usual disposition to intermeddle in political -affairs, was not tardy in presenting its opinions. The most -distinguished preacher of the time, Theodore Parker, in -words of burning eloquence denounced all wars, and the -injustice of this one, and with elaborate figures estimated its -cost and expenses at two hundred millions of dollars, and, -weighing this sum against the value of our acquisition, pronounced -the war profitless, and asked, contemptuously, “What -have we got to show for all this money?”</p> - -<p>In the light of the present hour, the mere beginning that -has been made in the development of the acquired regions -will afford a partial answer to illustrate the lack of historic -prescience that blinded the perceptions of the time. The -growth of these new countries seems to point to a period, -not far distant, when they shall contain a population as -great as that which inhabits the Cis-Mississippi States.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span></p> - -<p>The new apportionment bill which has just been enacted -gives to the States already erected in this region almost as -many Representatives in Congress as all New England, and -another decade will show that it has passed far in advance in -wealth and population. California, Arizona, New Mexico, -Colorado, and Utah from their mines alone have added -more than two thousand millions of dollars to the world’s -wealth, and are now yielding more than one-third of the -annual product of gold and silver in the entire world. -Two Pacific railways, the greatest feats of modern engineering, -traversing the regions that were said to be “occupied with -broken mountains and dreary wilds,” and “fit only for the -restless hunter and wandering trapper,” have revolutionized -the commerce of the world. England seeks Australia and -New Zealand through the Golden Gate, and the productions of -China and Japan flow to our magnificent harbors of the -Pacific and cross the American continent on their way to -supply the demands of Europe.</p> - -<p>The archæological discoveries in these regions disclose a prehistoric -occupancy by a race that founded great cities and built -palaces and temples, and who shall say, that, under the -dominion of the Anglo Saxon, the glories of their antiquity -may not be surpassed? Who shall say what mighty results -shall flow from the contest which began when Gen. Taylor -crossed the Nueces in the march to the Rio Grande?</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span></p> - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LIST_OF_BOOKS_ON_THE_MEXICAN_WAR">LIST OF BOOKS ON THE MEXICAN WAR.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>BRACKETT, A. G.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Gen. Lane’s Brigade in Central Mexico.” 1 vol., 12mo. -Cincinnati. 1854.</p> -</div> - -<p>BROOKS, N. C.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“History of the Mexican War.” 8vo. Baltimore. 1849.</p> -</div> - -<p>CARLETON, J. H.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Battle of Buena Vista.” 16mo. New York. 1848.</p> -</div> - -<p>CUTTS, J. M.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Conquest of California and New Mexico.” 12mo. Philadelphia. -1847.</p> -</div> - -<p>EDWARDS, F. S.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Campaign in New Mexico.” 12mo. Philadelphia. 1847.</p> -</div> - -<p>FROST, J.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Pictorial History of Mexico and the Mexican War.” 8vo. -Philadelphia. 1856.</p> -</div> - -<p>GIDDINGS, Major.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Campaign of Northern Mexico.” 12mo. New York. 1853.</p> -</div> - -<p>HENRY, W. S.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Campaign Sketches of War with Mexico.” 12mo. New York. -1847.</p> -</div> - -<p>HUGHES, J. T.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Doniphan’s Expedition.” 12mo. Cincinnati. 1848.</p> -</div> - -<p>JAY, W.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Causes and Consequences of the Mexican War.” 12mo. Boston. -1849.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span></p> - -<p>KENDALL, G. W.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition.” 2 vols., 12mo. -New York. 1847.</p> -</div> - -<p>KENDALL, G. W.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“The War between the United States and Mexico.” Royal folio.</p> -</div> - -<p>LIVERMORE, N.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“War with Mexico Reviewed.” 12mo. Boston. 1850. -New York. 1851.</p> -</div> - -<p>MANSFIELD, E. D.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Life and Services of Gen. Winfield Scott.” 12mo. New York. -1852.</p> -</div> - -<p>MEYER, BRANTZ.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Mexico.” 2 vols., 8mo. Hartford. 1853.</p> -</div> - -<p>RAMSEY, A. C.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“The Other Side.” 12mo. New York. 1852.</p> -</div> - -<p>REYNOLDS, J. G.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Marine Corps in Mexico.” 8vo. New York. 1853.</p> -</div> - -<p>RICHARDSON, W. H.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Journal of a Soldier in Mexico.” 12mo. Baltimore. 1848.</p> -</div> - -<p>RICHARDSON, W. H.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Journal with Col. Doniphan.” 12mo. Baltimore. 1848.</p> -</div> - -<p>RIPLEY, R. S.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“War with Mexico.” 2 vols. 8vo. New York. 1849.</p> -</div> - -<p>SCRIBNER, B. F.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“A Campaign in Mexico.” 8vo. Philadelphia. 1850.</p> -</div> - -<p>SEMMES, R.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Service During the War.” 8vo. Cincinnati. 1851.</p> -</div> - -<p>SEMMES, R.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Campaign in Mexico.” 12mo. Cincinnati. 1852.</p> -</div> - -<p>STEVENS, J. J.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Campaigns on the Rio Grande and in Mexico.” 8vo. New -York. 1851.</p> -</div> - -<p>SIMPSON, JAS. H.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Journal of a Military Reconnoissance.” 8vo. Philadelphia. -1852.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span></p> - -<p>THORPE, T. B.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Our Army on the Rio Grande.” 12mo. Philadelphia. 1846.</p> -</div> - -<p>THORPE, T. B.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Our Army at Monterey.” 12mo. Philadelphia. 1848.</p> -</div> - -<p>WILLARD, E.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Last Leaves of American History.” 12mo. New York. 1849.</p> -</div> - -<p>WOODWARD, ASHBEL.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="hang">“Life of General N. Lyon.” Hartford. 1862.</p> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter" id="backcover"> - <img src="images/backcover.jpg" alt="" title=""/> - <div class="caption"> - <p class="noic">Columbia College, New York.<br />SENIOR CLASS ESSAY, 1882.</p> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="tnote"> -<p class="noi tntitle">Transcriber’s Notes:</p> - -<p class="smfont">Printer’s, punctuation and spelling inaccuracies were silently -corrected.</p> - -<p class="smfont">Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved.</p> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESSAY ON THE LITERATURE OF THE MEXICAN WAR ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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