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+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #67632 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67632)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Good hunting;, by Theodore  Roosevelt
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Good hunting;
-       in pursuit of big game in the West
-
-Author: Theodore  Roosevelt
-
-Release Date: March 15, 2022 [eBook #67632]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-             Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
-             images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOOD HUNTING; ***
-
-
-
-
-
-                              Good Hunting
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[Illustration: A WOUNDED BULL ELK]
-
-
-
-
-                              GOOD HUNTING
-                   In Pursuit of Big Game in the West
-
-
-                                   BY
-                           THEODORE ROOSEVELT
-
-                              Illustrated
-
-                       “Good hunting all
-                       That keep the Jungle law.”
-                                 RUDYARD KIPLING.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          New York and London
-                      Harper & Brothers Publishers
-                                  1907
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-           Copyright, 1896, 1897, 1907, by HARPER & BROTHERS.
-
-
-                         _All rights reserved._
-                       Published February, 1907.
-
-
-
-
-                            Publisher’s Note
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-This book offers to younger readers a series of pictures of out-door
-life and big-game hunting in the West. More than this, the author makes
-us feel not only the zest of sport and adventure, but also the interest
-attaching to the habits and peculiarities of the remarkable animals
-which he describes. It is a field-book, since it is written by a true
-sportsman out of his own experiences, and its general spirit tends to a
-better appreciation of the value of close observation of animal life.
-The elk, bear, goats, deer, and other animals which are described,
-represent the most remarkable large fauna of our country. These
-descriptions, by one whose acquaintance with them has been so intimate,
-have an added value in view of the diminution in their number.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-It is interesting, also, to remember that the influence of the author
-has been constantly exerted in favor of the preservation of big game and
-the maintenance of national parks and forest reserves, which, in
-addition to other advantages, include the protection of these noble
-forms of animal life.
-
-This series of articles upon big-game hunting was written for _Harper’s
-Round Table_, and published therein in 1897. The picture of ranch life
-which forms the closing chapter appeared in _Harper’s Round Table_ in
-1896. These articles are now presented together in book form for the
-first time after consultation with the author. For the title of the book
-and the proof-reading the publishers are responsible.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                Contents
-
-
-               CHAP.                                 PAGE
-                  I. THE WAPITI, OR ROUND-HORNED ELK   13
-
-                 II. A CATTLE-KILLING BEAR             27
-
-                III. A CHRISTMAS BUCK                  41
-
-                 IV. THE TIMBER-WOLF                   53
-
-                  V. SHOOTING THE PRONG-BUCK           67
-
-                 VI. A TAME WHITE GOAT                 81
-
-                VII. RANCHING                          95
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                             Illustrations
-
-
- A WOUNDED BULL ELK                                       _Frontispiece_
-
- SIX-POINT ELK-ANTLERS                                     _Facing
-                                                             p._      18
-
- FOLLOWING AN ELK-TRAIL IN WINTER                             „       20
-
- GREAT WAS THE BULL’S ASTONISHMENT                            „       22
-
- THE GRIZZLY AND A VICTIM                                     „       32
-
- “THE SHAGGY BEAST WAS FOUND LYING DEAD WITHIN A DOZEN        „
-   YARDS OF HIS LAST VICTIM”                                          36
-
- “‘I DROPPED ON ONE KNEE AND FIRED’”                          „       46
-
- CANADIAN WOLVES AT AN INDIAN GRAVE                           „       54
-
- DOGS IN PURSUIT OF AN OLD WOLF                               „       60
-
- STALKING BIG GAME                                            „       68
-
- “‘I LEAPED OFF, AND HELD WELL AHEAD OF THE REARMOST AND      „
-   LARGEST BUCK’”                                                     74
-
- A WOUNDED ANTELOPE                                           „       76
-
- FINALLY THE GOAT GOT USED TO THE MOTION OF THE CANOE         „       90
-
- COW-BOY AMUSEMENTS                                           „       96
-
- TAILING A BULL                                               „      100
-
- “THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF EXCITING GALLOPING”                „      102
-
-
-
-
-                              The Wapiti,
-                          or Round-horned Elk
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                   I
-                    THE WAPITI, OR ROUND-HORNED ELK
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-No country of the temperate zone can begin to compare with South Asia,
-and, above all, tropical and subtropical Africa, in the number and size
-of those great beasts of the chase which are known to hunters as big
-game; but after the Indian and African hunting-grounds, the best are
-still those of North America. Until a few years before 1897 there were
-large regions, even in the United States, where the teeming myriads of
-wild game, though of far fewer and less varied species, almost equalled
-the multitudes found in South Africa, and much surpassed those found
-anywhere else in point of numbers, though inferior in variety to those
-of India.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-This, however, is now a thing of the past. The bison, which was the most
-characteristic animal of the American fauna, has been practically
-exterminated. There remained in 1897, however, a fair abundance of all
-other kinds of game. Perhaps, on the whole, the one affording most sport
-from the stand-point of the hardy and skilful hunter is the big-horn,
-though in size and in magnificence of horn it is surpassed by some of
-the wild sheep of Asia.
-
-There is a spice of danger in the pursuit of the grizzly-bear—the
-largest of all the land bears—especially in Alaska, where it is even
-larger than its Kamtchatkan brother. The moose and the wapiti—ordinarily
-called the elk—are closely related to the Old-World representatives of
-their kind; but the moose is a little larger and the wapiti very much
-larger than any of their European or Asiatic kinsfolk. In particular,
-the elk, or wapiti, is the stateliest of all deer, and the most
-beautiful of American game beasts.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-It is a pity we cannot always call the wapiti by its right name, but the
-hunters and settlers never know him as anything but the elk, and I fear
-it would be pedantry to try to establish his rightful title. In former
-days the elk ranged to tide-water on the Atlantic coast. A few lingered
-in Pennsylvania until 1869, and throughout the middle of the century
-they were abundant on the great plains. In 1888 I shot one on the Little
-Missouri, however. In many parts of the Rocky Mountains and of the Coast
-Range the species is still as abundant as ever, and this is especially
-true of northwestern Wyoming, since that great animal-preserve the
-Yellowstone Park swarms with elk, and is their natural nursery and
-breeding-ground.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The elk is the lordliest of his kind throughout the world. The Scotch
-stag is a pygmy but a fourth his size. The stags of eastern Europe are
-larger than those of Scotland, and in Asia larger still, approaching in
-size a small wapiti. They are all substantially alike except in size.
-
-The wapiti is rather easier to kill than the deer, because his size
-makes it easier to see him; and he is slower in his movements, so that
-he is easier to hit. When pressed he can gallop very hard for a few
-hundred yards, but soon becomes tired. The trot is his natural gait, and
-this he can keep up for hours at a time, going at a pace which makes it
-necessary for a horse to gallop smartly to overtake him, and clearing
-great logs in his stride, while he dodges among the thick timber in a
-really marvellous way, when one comes to think of the difficulty he must
-have in handling his great antlers.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Late in September the rut begins, and then the elk gather in huge bands,
-while the great bulls fight vicious battles for leadership. Hunters call
-this the whistling-time, because throughout its continuance the bulls
-are very noisy, continually challenging one another. Their note is
-really not much like a whistle. It consists of two or three bars, rising
-and then falling, ending with a succession of grunts; the tone of voice
-varies greatly in different individuals; but when heard at a little
-distance in the heart of the great wooded wilderness the sound is very
-musical, and to me—and, I suppose, to most hunters—it is one of the most
-attractive sounds in all nature.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-At this season the big bulls are quite easy to approach by any man at
-all skilled in still-hunting, for their incessant challenging betrays
-their whereabouts, and they are so angry and excited as to be less
-watchful than usual. Some of my most pleasurable memories of hunting are
-connected with stalking some great bull elk in frosty weather, when the
-woods rang with his challenges.
-
-One evening in early October I was camped high among the mountains of
-western Montana. We were travelling with a pack-train, and had pitched
-our small tent among some firs by a brook, while the horses grazed in
-the little park or meadow close by. Elk were plentiful round about. We
-had seen their trails everywhere, and late in the afternoon we had
-caught a glimpse of a band of cows as they disappeared among the pines.
-
-[Illustration: SIX-POINT ELK-ANTLERS]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Towards morning I was awakened by hearing a bull challenge not very far
-from camp. The sound of the challenge kept coming nearer and nearer, and
-finally I heard one of the horses snort loudly in response; evidently
-the elk saw them, and, not making out exactly what they were, was coming
-down to join them. Sometimes horses will stampede when thus approached;
-but our ponies were veterans, and were very tired, and evidently had no
-intention of leaving their good pasture.
-
-Sitting up in my blankets, I could tell from the sound that they were
-still in the park, and then the challenge of the bull came pealing up
-not three hundred yards from the tent. This was more than I could stand,
-and I jumped up and put on my shoes and jacket. The moon was bright, but
-shooting by moonlight is very deceptive, and I doubt whether I would
-have hit him even had I got down to the park in time. However, he had
-moved on before I got down, and I heard his challenge in the woods
-beyond.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Looking at my watch, I saw that it was nearly dawn. I returned to the
-tent and laid down as I was under the blankets, and shivered and dozed
-for half an hour, then I came back to the meadow, where the pack-ponies
-stood motionless. In the brightening light the moon paled, and I was
-very soon able to pick out the bull’s trail on the frost-covered ground,
-where it was almost as plain as if he had been walking in snow. I saw
-that he had struck up a long valley, from which a pass led into a wooded
-basin. At the top of the pass I lost the trail entirely, and as it was
-almost impossible to see for any distance through the woods, I came to
-the conclusion that the best thing to do was to sit down and await
-events.
-
-[Illustration: FOLLOWING AN ELK-TRAIL IN WINTER]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-I did not have long to wait. In a couple of minutes the bugle of a bull
-came echoing across the basin through the frosty morning. Evidently my
-friend was still travelling, hunting for some possibly weaker rival.
-Almost immediately I heard far off another answering the challenge, and
-I stood up and meditated what to do. There was very little air, but such
-as there was blew to one side of the spot from which the last challenge
-seemed to come, and I immediately struck off at a trot through the woods
-to get below the wind.
-
-The answer to the challenge had evidently greatly excited the bull whose
-trail I had been following; he called every two or three minutes. The
-other answer was somewhat more irregular, and as I drew nearer I could
-tell from the volume of sound that the second challenge was from some
-big master-bull, who probably had his herd around him, and was roaring
-defiance at his would-be despoiler, for the single bull was doubtless on
-the lookout for some weaker one whom he could supplant as master of a
-herd.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-It was likely that the second bull, being a herd-master, would have the
-larger antlers, and I therefore preferred to get a shot at him. However,
-I was doomed to disappointment. As I groped towards the herd, and was
-within a couple of hundred yards, as I knew by the volume of sound, I
-almost stumbled upon a small spike-bull, who was evidently loitering
-about the outskirts of the herd, not daring to go too near the
-bad-tempered old chief. This little bull dashed away, giving the alarm,
-and a clash in the bushes soon told that the herd was following him.
-
-[Illustration: GREAT WAS THE BULL’S ASTONISHMENT]
-
-But luck favored me. The master-bull, being absorbed in thoughts of his
-rival, evidently suspected that the cows had some thought of fleeing
-from him, and, as they ran, tried to hold them together. I ran too,
-going at full speed, with the hope of cutting him off; in this I failed,
-but I came almost face to face with the very bull which I had been
-following from camp, and which had evidently followed the herd at full
-speed as soon as they ran.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Great was his astonishment when he saw me. He pulled up so suddenly to
-wheel round that he almost fell on his side; then off he went in a
-plunging gallop of terror; but he was near by, and stepping to one side
-I covered an opening between two trees, firing the minute he appeared. A
-convulsive leap showed that the bullet had struck, and after him I went
-at full speed. In a short time I saw him again, walking along with
-drooping head, and again I fired into his flank; he seemed to pay no
-attention to the shot, but walked forward a few steps, then halted,
-faltered, and fell on his side. In another second I had placed my rifle
-against a tree, and was admiring his shapely form and massive antlers.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                         A Cattle-killing Bear
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                   II
-                         A CATTLE-KILLING BEAR
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-There were, in 1897, a few grizzlies left here and there along the
-Little Missouri, usually in large bottoms covered with an almost
-impenetrable jungle of timber and thorny brush. In the old days they
-used to be very plentiful in this region, and ventured boldly out on the
-prairie. The Little Missouri region was a famous hunting-ground for both
-the white trappers and the Indian hunters in those old days when the far
-West was still a wilderness, and the men who trapped beaver would wander
-for years over the plains and mountains and see no white faces save
-those of their companions.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Indeed, at that time the Little Missouri was very dangerous country, as
-it was the debatable-ground between many powerful Indian tribes, and was
-only visited by formidable war-parties and hunting-parties. In
-consequence of nobody daring to live there, game swarmed—buffalo, elk,
-deer, antelope, mountain-sheep, and bear. The bears were then very bold,
-and the hunters had little difficulty in getting up to them, for they
-were quite as apt to attack as to run away.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-But when, in 1880, the Northern Pacific Railroad reached the
-neighborhood of the Little Missouri, all this changed forever. The game
-that for untold ages had trodden out their paths over the prairies and
-along the river-bottoms vanished, as the Indians that had hunted it also
-vanished. The bold white hunters also passed away with the bears they
-had chased and the red foes against whom they had warred. In their
-places the ranchman came in with great herds of cattle and horses and
-flocks of sheep, and built their log cabins and tilled their scanty
-garden-patches, and cut down the wild hay for winter fodder. Now bears
-are as shy as they are scarce. No grizzly in such a settled region would
-dream of attacking a man unprovoked, and they pass their days in the
-deepest thickets, so that it is almost impossible to get at them. I
-never killed a bear in the neighborhood of my former ranch, though I
-have shot quite a number some hundreds of miles to the west in the Rocky
-Mountains.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Usually the bears live almost exclusively on roots, berries, insects,
-and the like. In fact, there is always something grotesque and
-incongruous in comparing the bear’s vast size, and his formidable claws
-and teeth, with the uses to which those claws and teeth are normally
-put. At the end of the season the claws, which are very long in spring,
-sometimes become so much blunted as to be tender, because the bear has
-worked on hard ground digging roots and the like.
-
-Bears often graze on the fresh tender spring grass. Berries form their
-especial delight, and they eat them so greedily when in season as to
-become inordinately fat. Indeed, a bear in a berry-patch frequently
-grows so absorbed in his work as to lose his wariness, and as he makes a
-good deal of noise himself in breaking branches and gobbling down the
-fruit, he is exposed to much danger from the hunter.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Besides roots and berries, the bear will feed on any small living thing
-he encounters. If in plundering a squirrel’s _cache_ he comes upon some
-young squirrels, down they go in company with the hoarded nuts. He is
-continually knocking to pieces and overturning old dead logs for the
-sake of devouring the insects living beneath them. If, when such a log
-is overturned, mice, shrews, or chipmunks are found underneath, the bear
-promptly scoops them into his mouth while they are still dazed by the
-sudden inrush of light. All this seems rather ludicrous as the life work
-of an animal of such huge proportions and such vast strength.
-
-Sometimes, however, a bear will take to killing fresh meat for itself.
-Indeed, I think it is only its clumsiness that prevents it from becoming
-an habitual flesh-eater. Deer are so agile that bears can rarely get
-them; yet on occasions not only deer, but moose, buffalo, and elk fall
-victims to them. Wild game, however, are so shy, so agile, and so alert
-that it is only rarely they afford meals to old Ephraim—as the mountain
-hunters call the grizzly.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Domestic animals are slower, more timid, more clumsy, and with far
-duller sense. It is on these that the bear by preference preys when he
-needs fresh meat. I have never, myself, known one to kill horses; but I
-have been informed that the feat is sometimes performed, usually in
-spring; and the ranchman who told me insisted that when a bear made his
-rush he went with such astonishing speed that the horse was usually
-overtaken before it got well under way.
-
-[Illustration: THE GRIZZLY AND A VICTIM]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The favorite food of a bear, however, if he really wants fresh meat, is
-a hog or sheep—by preference the former. If a bear once gets into the
-habit of visiting a sheepfold or pigpen, it requires no slight skill and
-watchfulness to keep him out. As for swine, they dread bears more than
-anything else. A drove of half-wild swine will make head against a wolf
-or panther; but the bear scatters them in a panic. This feat is entirely
-justifiable, for a bear has a peculiar knack in knocking down a hog, and
-then literally eating him alive, in spite of his fearful squealing.
-
-Every now and then bears take to killing cattle regularly. Sometimes the
-criminal is a female with cubs; sometimes an old male in spring, when he
-is lean, and has the flesh hunger upon him. But on one occasion a very
-large and cunning bear, some twenty-five miles below my ranch, took to
-cattle-killing early in the summer, and continued it through the fall.
-He made his home in a very densely wooded bottom; but he wandered far
-and wide, and I have myself frequently seen his great, half-human
-footprints leading along some narrow divide, or across some great
-plateau, where there was no cover whatever, and where he must have gone
-at night. During the daytime, when on one of these expeditions, he would
-lie up in some timber _coulée_, and return to the river-bottoms after
-dark, so that no one ever saw him; but his tracks were seen very
-frequently.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-He began operations on the bottom where he had his den. He at first took
-to lying in wait for the cattle as they came down to drink, when he
-would seize some animal, usually a fat young steer or heifer, knocking
-it over by sheer force. In his furious rush he sometimes broke the back
-with a terrific blow from his fore-paw; at other times he threw the
-animal over and bit it to death. The rest of the herd never made any
-effort to retaliate, but fled in terror. Very soon the cattle would not
-go down on this bottom at all; then he began to wander over the
-adjoining bottoms, and finally to make excursions far off in the broken
-country. Evidently he would sometimes at night steal along a _coulée_
-until he found cattle lying down on the hill-side, and then approach
-cautiously and seize his prey.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Usually the animals he killed were cows or steers; and noticing this, a
-certain ranchman in the neighborhood used to boast that a favorite bull
-on his ranch, of which he was particularly proud, would surely account
-for the bear if the latter dared to attack him. The boast proved vain.
-One day a cow-boy riding down a lonely _coulée_ came upon the scene of
-what had evidently been a very hard conflict. There were deep marks of
-hoofs and claws in the soft soil, bushes were smashed down where the
-struggling combatants had pressed against and over them, and a little
-farther on lay the remains of the bull.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-He must have been seized by surprise; probably the great bear rushed at
-him from behind, or at one side, and fastened upon him so that he had no
-fair chance to use his horns. Nevertheless, he made a gallant struggle
-for his life, staggering to and fro trying to shake off his murderous
-antagonist, and endeavoring in vain to strike back over his shoulder;
-but all was useless. Even his strength could not avail against the might
-of his foe, and the cruel claws and teeth tore out his life. At last the
-gallant bull fell and breathed his last, and the bear feasted on the
-carcass.
-
-[Illustration: “THE SHAGGY BEAST WAS FOUND LYING DEAD WITHIN A DOZEN
-YARDS OF HIS LAST VICTIM”]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The angry ranchman swore vengeance, and set a trap for the bear, hoping
-it would return. The sly old beast, however, doubtless was aware that
-the body had been visited, for he never came back, but returned to the
-river-bottom, and again from time to time was heard of as slaying some
-animal. However, at last his fate overtook him. Early one morning a cow
-was discovered just killed and not yet eaten, the bear having probably
-been scared off. Immediately the ranchman put poison in the bait which
-the bear had thus himself left, and twenty-four hours later the shaggy
-beast was found lying dead within a dozen yards of his last victim.
-
-
-
-
-                            A Christmas Buck
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                  III
-                            A CHRISTMAS BUCK
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Throughout most of the ranch country there are two kinds of deer, the
-black-tail and the white-tail. The white-tail is the same as the deer of
-the East; it is a beautiful creature, a marvel of lightness and grace in
-all its movements, and it loves to dwell in thick timber, so that in the
-plains country it is almost confined to the heavily wooded river
-bottoms. The black-tail is somewhat larger, with a different and very
-peculiar gait, consisting of a succession of stiff-legged bounds, all
-four feet striking the earth at the same time. Its habits are likewise
-very different, as it is a bolder animal and much fonder of the open
-country. Among the Rockies it is found in the deep forests, but it
-prefers scantily wooded regions, and in the plains country it dwells by
-choice in the rough hills, spending the day in the patches of ash or
-cedar among the ravines. In 1882 the black-tail was very much more
-abundant than the white-tail almost everywhere in the West, but owing to
-the nature of its haunts it is more easily killed out, and in 1897,
-through both species has decreased in numbers, the white-tail was on the
-whole the more common.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-My ranch-house was situated on a heavily wooded bottom, one of the
-places where the white-tail were found. On one occasion I killed one
-from the ranch veranda, and two or three times I shot them within half a
-mile of the house. Nevertheless, they are so cunning and stealthy in
-their ways, and the cover is so dense, that usually, although one may
-know of their existence right in one’s neighborhood, there is more
-chance of getting game by going off eight or ten miles into the broken
-country of the black-tail.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-One Christmas I was to be at the ranch, and I made up my mind that I
-would try to get a good buck for our Christmas dinner; for I had not had
-much time to hunt that fall, and Christmas was almost upon us before we
-started to lay in our stock of winter meat. So I arranged with one of
-the cow-boys to make an all-day’s hunt through some rugged hills on the
-other side of the river, where we knew there were black-tail.
-
-We were up soon after three o’clock, when it was yet as dark as at
-midnight.
-
-We had a long day’s work before us, and so we ate a substantial
-breakfast, then put on our fur caps, coats, and mittens, and walked out
-into the cold night. The air was still, but it was biting weather, and
-we pulled our caps down over our ears as we walked towards the rough,
-low stable where the two hunting-ponies had been put overnight. In a few
-minutes we were jogging along on our journey.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-There was a powder of snow over the ground, and this and the brilliant
-starlight enabled us to see our way without difficulty. The river was
-frozen hard, and the hoofs of the horses rang on the ice as they
-crossed. For a while we followed the wagon road, and then struck off
-into a cattle trail which led up into a long _coulée_. After a while
-this faded out, and we began to work our way along the divide, not
-without caution, for in broken countries it is hard to take a horse
-during darkness. Indeed, we found we had left a little too early, for
-there was hardly a glimmer of dawn when we reached our proposed
-hunting-grounds. We left the horses in a sheltered nook where there was
-abundance of grass, and strode off on foot, numb after the ride.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The dawn brightened rapidly, and there was almost light enough for
-shooting when we reached a spur overlooking a large basin around whose
-edges there were several wooded _coulées_. Here we sat down to wait and
-watch. We did not have to wait long, for just as the sun was coming up
-on our right hand we caught a glimpse of something moving at the mouth
-of one of the little ravines some hundreds of yards distant. Another
-glance showed us that it was a deer feeding, while another behind it was
-walking leisurely in our direction.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-There was no time to be lost, and, sliding back over the crest, we
-trotted off around a spur until we were in line with the quarry, and
-then walked rapidly towards them. Our only fear was lest they should
-move into some position where they would see us; and this fear was
-justified. While still one hundred yards from the mouth of the _coulée_
-in which we had seen the feeding deer, the second one, which all the
-time had been walking slowly in our direction, came out on a ridge crest
-to one side of our course. It saw us at once and halted short; it was
-only a spike buck, but there was no time to lose, for we needed meat,
-and in another moment it would have gone off, giving the alarm to its
-companion. So I dropped on one knee, and fired just as it turned.
-
-[Illustration: “‘I DROPPED ON ONE KNEE AND FIRED’”]
-
-From the jump it gave I was sure it was hit, but it disappeared over the
-hill, and at the same time the big buck, its companion, dashed out of
-the _coulée_ in front, across the basin. It was broadside to me, and not
-more than one hundred yards distant; but a running deer is difficult to
-hit, and though I took two shots, both missed, and it disappeared behind
-another spur.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-This looked pretty bad, and I felt rather blue as I climbed up to look
-at the trail of the spike. I was cheered to find blood, and as there was
-a good deal of snow here and there it was easy to follow it; nor was it
-long before we saw the buck moving forward slowly, evidently very sick.
-We did not disturb him, but watched him until he turned down into a
-short ravine a quarter of a mile off; he did not come out, and we sat
-down and waited nearly an hour to give him time to get stiff. When we
-reached the valley, one went down each side so as to be sure to get him
-when he jumped up. Our caution was needless, however, for we failed to
-start him; and on hunting through some of the patches of brush we found
-him stretched out already dead.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-This was satisfactory; but still it was not the big buck, and we started
-out again after dressing and hanging up the deer. For many hours we saw
-nothing, and we had swung around within a couple of miles of the horses
-before we sat down behind a screen of stunted cedars for a last look.
-After attentively scanning every patch of brush in sight, we were about
-to go on when the attention of both of us was caught at the same moment
-by seeing a big buck deliberately get up, turn round, and then lie down
-again in a grove of small, leafless trees lying opposite to us on a
-hill-side with a southern exposure. He had evidently very nearly
-finished his day’s rest, but was not quite ready to go out to feed; and
-his restlessness cost him his life.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-As we now knew where he was, the work was easy. We marked a place on the
-hill-top a little above and to one side of him; and while the cow-boy
-remained to watch him, I drew back and walked leisurely round to where I
-could get a shot. When nearly up to the crest I crawled into view of the
-patch of brush, rested my elbows on the ground, and gently tapped two
-stones together. The buck rose nimbly to his feet, and at seventy yards
-afforded me a standing shot, which I could not fail to turn to good
-account.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-A winter day is short, and twilight had come before we had packed both
-bucks on the horses; but with our game behind our saddles we did not
-feel either fatigue, or hunger or cold, while the horses trotted
-steadily homeward. The moon was a few days old, and it gave us light
-until we reached the top of the bluffs by the river and saw across the
-frozen stream the gleam from the fire-lit windows of the ranch-house.
-
-
-
-
-                            The Timber-wolf
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                   IV
-                            THE TIMBER-WOLF
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-There are two kinds of wolves found in the United States. One is the
-little coyote or prairie-wolf, or barking-wolf, which never was found in
-the Eastern States, being an animal of the open country; the other is
-the big wolf, and sometimes the timber-wolf or gray wolf, which was
-formerly found everywhere from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In some
-districts it runs to color varieties of different kinds—red, black, or
-white.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The coyote is not at all a formidable beast, and holds its own quite
-persistently until civilization is well advanced in a country. Coyotes
-are not dangerous to either man or the larger domestic animals. Lambs,
-young pigs, hens, and cats often become their prey, and if very hungry
-several of them will combine to attack a young calf. In consequence,
-farmers and ranchers kill them whenever the chance offers; but they do
-not do damage which is even appreciable when compared with the ravages
-of their grim big brother, the gray wolf, which in many sections of the
-West is a veritable scourge of the stockmen.
-
-The big wolves shrink back before the growth of the thickly settled
-districts, and in the Eastern States they often tend to disappear even
-from districts that are uninhabited, save by a few wilderness hunters.
-They have thus disappeared almost entirely from Maine, the Adirondacks,
-and the Alleghanies, although here and there they are said to be
-returning to their old haunts.
-
-[Illustration: CANADIAN WOLVES AT AN INDIAN GRAVE]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Their disappearance is rather mysterious in some instances, for they are
-certainly not all killed off. The black bear is much more easily killed,
-yet the black bear holds its own in many parts of the land from which
-the wolf has vanished. No animal is quite so difficult to kill as is the
-wolf, whether by poison or rifle or hound. Yet, after a comparatively
-few have been slain, the entire species will perhaps vanish from certain
-localities.
-
-But with all wild animals it is a noticeable fact that a course of
-conduct with man continuing over many generations of animal life causes
-a species so to adapt itself to its new surroundings that it ceases to
-diminish in numbers. When white men take up a new country, the game, and
-especially the big game, being entirely unused to contend with the new
-foe, succumbs easily, and it is almost completely killed out. If any
-individuals survive at all, however, the succeeding generations are far
-more difficult to exterminate than were their ancestors, and they cling
-much more tenaciously to their old homes.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The game to be found in old and long-settled countries is much more wary
-and able to take care of itself than the game of an untrodden
-wilderness. It is a very difficult matter to kill a Swiss chamois; but
-it is a very easy matter to kill a white goat after a hunter has once
-penetrated among the almost unknown peaks of the mountains of British
-Columbia. When the ranchmen first drove their cattle to the Little
-Missouri they found the deer tame and easy to kill, but the deer of
-Maine and the Adirondacks test to the full the highest skill of the
-hunter.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-In consequence, after a time, game may even increase in certain
-districts where settlements are thin. This has been true of the wolves
-throughout the northern cattle country in Montana, Wyoming, and the
-western ends of the Dakotas. In the old days wolves were very plentiful
-throughout this region, closely following the huge herds of buffaloes.
-The white men who followed these herds as professional buffalo-hunters
-were often accompanied by other men, known as “wolfers,” who poisoned
-these wolves for the sake of their furs. With the disappearance of the
-buffalo the wolves seemed so to diminish in numbers that they also
-seemed to disappear. During the last ten years their numbers have
-steadily increased, and now they seem to be as numerous as they ever
-were in the region in question, and they are infinitely more wary and
-more difficult to kill.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Along the Little Missouri their ravages were so serious from 1893 to
-1897 as to cause heavy damage to the stockmen. Not only colts and
-calves, but young trail stock, and in midwinter even full-grown horses
-and steers, are continually slain; and in some seasons their losses have
-been so serious as to more than eat up all the profits of the ranchman.
-The county authorities put a bounty on wolf scalps of three dollars
-each, and in my own neighborhood the ranchmen of their own accord put on
-a further bounty of five dollars. This made eight dollars for every
-wolf, and as the skin is also worth something, the business of killing
-wolves was quite profitable.
-
-Wolves are very shy, and show extraordinary cunning both in hiding
-themselves and in slinking out of the way of the hunter. They are rarely
-killed with the rifle. I have never shot but one myself. They are
-occasionally trapped, but after a very few have been procured in this
-way the survivors become so wary that it is almost impossible even for a
-master of the art to do much with them, while an ordinary man can never
-get one into a trap except by accident.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-More can be done with poison, but even in this case the animal speedily
-learns caution by experience. When poison is first used in a district
-wolves are very easily killed, and perhaps almost all of them will be
-slain, but nowadays it is difficult to catch any but young ones in this
-way. Occasionally an old one will succumb, but there are always some who
-cannot be persuaded to touch a bait. The old she-wolves teach their
-cubs, as soon as they are able to walk, to avoid man’s trace in every
-way, and to look out for traps and poison.
-
-In consequence, though most cow-punchers carry poison with them, and are
-continually laying out baits, and though some men devote most of their
-time to poisoning for the sake of the bounty and the fur, the results
-are not very remunerative.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The most successful wolf-hunter on the Little Missouri in 1896 was a man
-who did not rely on poison at all, but on dogs. He was a hunter named
-Massingale, and he always had a pack of at least twenty hounds. The
-number varied, for a wolf at bay is a terrible fighter, with jaws like
-those of a steel trap and teeth that cut like knives, so that the dogs
-were continually disabled and sometimes killed, and the hunter had
-always to be on the watch to add animals to his pack.
-
-It was not a pack that would appeal, as far as looks go, to an old
-huntsman, but it was thoroughly fitted for its own work. Most of the
-dogs were greyhounds, either rough or smooth haired, but many of them
-were big mongrels, and part some other breed, such as bull-dog, mastiff,
-Newfoundland, blood-hound, or collie.
-
-[Illustration: DOGS IN PURSUIT OF AN OLD WOLF]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The only two necessary requisites were that the dogs should run fast and
-fight gamely; and in consequence they formed as wicked, hard-biting a
-crew as ever ran down and throttled a wolf. They were usually taken out
-ten at a time, and by their aid Massingale killed two hundred wolves in
-the course of the year.
-
-Of course there were no pretence of giving the game fair play. The
-wolves were killed as vermin, not for sport. The greatest havoc was in
-the spring-time, when the she-wolves were followed to their dens, which
-were sometimes holes in the earth and sometimes natural caves. There
-were from three to nine whelps in each litter. Some of the hounds were
-very fast, and they could usually overtake a young or weak wolf; but an
-old wolf-dog, with a good start, unless run into at once, would surely
-get away if he were in a running trim. Frequently, however, he was
-caught when he was not in running trim, for the hunter was apt to find
-him when he had killed a calf or taken part in dragging down a horse or
-steer. Under these circumstances he could not run long before the pack.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-If possible, as with all such packs, the hunter himself would get up in
-time to end the worry by a stab of his hunting-knife; but unless he was
-quick he would have nothing to do, for the pack was thoroughly competent
-to do its own killing. Grim fighter though a great wolf-dog is, he
-stands no show before the onslaught, who rush on their antagonist in a
-body. They possessed great power in their jaws, and unless Massingale
-was up within two or three minutes after the wolf was taken, the dogs
-literally tore him to pieces, though one or more of their number might
-be killed or crippled in the fight.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Other hunters were striving to get together packs thoroughly organized,
-and the wolves may be thinned out; they were certainly altogether too
-plentiful. During the fall of 1896 I saw a number myself, although I was
-not looking for them. I frequently came upon the remains of sheep and
-young stock which they had killed, and once, on the top of a small
-plateau, I found the body of a large steer, while the torn and trodden
-ground showed that he had fought hard for his life before succumbing.
-There were apparently two wolves engaged in the work, and the cunning
-beasts had evidently acted in concert. While one attracted the steer’s
-attention, the other, according to the invariable wolf habit, attacked
-him from behind, hamstringing him and tearing out his flanks. His body
-was still warm when I came up, but his murderers had slunk off, either
-seeing or smelling me. Their handiwork was unmistakable, however, for,
-unlike bears and cougars, wolves invariably attack their victim at the
-hind-quarters, and begin their feast on the hams or flanks if the animal
-is of any size.
-
-
-
-
-                        Shooting the Prong-buck
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                   V
-                        SHOOTING THE PRONG-BUCK
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-For a few years before 1897, when I visited my cattle range I spent most
-of my time out on the great plains, where almost the only game that can
-be found is the prong-horned antelope; and as on such trips the party
-depends for fresh meat upon the rifle, I have on each occasion done a
-certain amount of antelope-shooting.
-
-In the old days, when antelope were far more plentiful than they are
-now, they could often be procured by luring them with a red flag—for
-they are very inquisitive beasts—but now they have grown wary, and must
-usually be either stalked, which is very difficult, owing to their
-extreme keenness of vision and the absence of cover on the prairies, or
-else must be ridden into.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-With first-class greyhounds and good horses they can often be run down
-in fair chase; but ordinarily the rider can hope for nothing more than
-to get within fair shooting-range, and this only by taking advantage of
-their peculiarity of running straight ahead in the direction in which
-they are pointed when once they have settled to their pace. Usually
-antelope, as soon as they see a hunter, run straight away from him; but
-sometimes they make their flight at an angle, and as they do not like to
-change their course when once started, it is occasionally possible to
-cut them off from the point towards which they are headed, and get a
-reasonably close shot.
-
-[Illustration: STALKING BIG GAME]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-In the fall of 1896 I spent a fortnight on the range with the ranch
-wagon. I was using for the first time one of the then new small-caliber,
-smokeless-powder rifles, a 30–30–160 Winchester. I had a half-jacketed
-bullet, the butt being cased in hard-metal, while the nose was of pure
-lead.
-
-While travelling to and fro across the range we usually broke camp each
-day, not putting up the tent at all during the trip; but at one spot we
-spent three nights. It was in a creek bottom, bounded on either side by
-rows of grassy hills, beyond which stretched the rolling prairie. The
-creek bed, which at this season was of course dry in most places, wound
-in S-shaped curves, with here and there a pool and here and there a
-fringe of stunted, wind-beaten timber. We were camped near a little
-grove of ash, box-alder, and willow, which gave us shade at noonday; and
-there were two or three pools of good water in the creek bed—one so deep
-that I made it my swimming-bath.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The first day that I was able to make a hunt I rode out with my foreman,
-Sylvane Ferris. I was mounted on Muley. Twelve years before, when Muley
-was my favorite cutting-pony on the round-up, he never seemed to tire or
-to lose his dash, but Muley was now sixteen years old, and on ordinary
-occasions he liked to go as soberly as possible; yet the good old pony
-still had the fire latent in his blood, and at the sight of game—or,
-indeed, of cattle or horses—he seemed to regain for the time being all
-the headlong courage of his vigorous and supple youth.
-
-On the morning in question it was two or three hours before Sylvane and
-I saw any game. Our two ponies went steadily forward at a single foot or
-shack, as the cow-punchers term what Easterners call “a fox trot.” Most
-of the time we were passing over immense grassy flats, where the mats of
-short curled blades lay brown and parched under the bright sunlight.
-Occasionally we came to ranges of low, barren hills, which sent off
-gently rounding spurs into the plain.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-It was on one of these ranges that we first saw our game. As we were
-travelling along the divide we spied eight antelope far ahead of us.
-They saw us as soon as we saw them, and the chance of getting to them
-seemed small; but it was worth an effort, for by humoring them when they
-start to run, and galloping towards them at an oblique angle to their
-line of flight, there is always some little chance of getting a shot.
-Sylvane was on a light buckskin horse, and I left him on the ridge crest
-to occupy their time while I cantered off to one side.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The prong-horns became uneasy as I galloped off, and ran off the ridge
-crest in a line nearly parallel to mine. They did not go very fast, and
-I held Muley in, who was all on fire at the sight of the game. After
-crossing two or three spurs, the antelope going at half speed, they
-found I had come closer to them, and, turning, they ran up one of the
-valleys between two spurs.
-
-Now was my chance, and, wheeling at right angles to my former course, I
-galloped Muley as hard as I knew how up the valley nearest and parallel
-to where the antelope had gone. The good old fellow ran like a
-quarter-horse, and when we were almost at the main ridge crest I leaped
-off, and ran ahead with my rifle at the ready, crouching down as I came
-to the sky-line. Usually on such occasions I find that the antelope have
-gone on, and merely catch a glimpse of them half a mile distant, but on
-this occasion everything went right. The band had just reached the ridge
-crest about two hundred and twenty yards from me across the head of the
-valley, and I halted for a moment to look around. They were starting as
-I raised my rifle, but the trajectory is very flat with these small-bore
-smokeless-powder weapons, and taking a coarse front sight I fired at a
-young buck which stood broadside to me. There was no smoke, and as the
-band raced away I saw him sink backward, the ball having broken his hip.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-We packed him bodily behind Sylvane on the buckskin and continued our
-ride, as there was no fresh meat in camp, and we wished to bring in a
-couple of bucks if possible. For two or three hours we saw nothing. The
-unshod feet of the horses made hardly any noise on the stretches of
-sun-cured grass, but now and then we passed through patches of thin
-weeds, their dry stalks rattling curiously, making a sound like that of
-a rattlesnake. At last, coming over a gentle rise of ground, we spied
-two more antelopes, half a mile ahead of us and to our right.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Again there seemed small chance of bagging our quarry, but again fortune
-favored us. I at once cantered Muley ahead, not towards them, so as to
-pass them well on one side. After some hesitation they started, not
-straightaway, but at an angle to my own course. For some moments I kept
-at a hand-gallop, until they got thoroughly settled in their line of
-flight; then I touched Muley, and he went as hard as he knew how.
-
-[Illustration: “‘I LEAPED OFF, AND HELD WELL AHEAD OF THE REARMOST AND
-LARGEST BUCK’”]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Immediately the two panic-stricken and foolish beasts seemed to feel
-that I was cutting off their line of retreat, and raced forward at mad
-speed. They went much faster than I did, but I had the shorter course,
-and when they crossed me they were not fifty yards ahead—by which time I
-had come nearly a mile. Muley stopped short, like the trained cow-pony
-he was; I leaped off, and held well ahead of the rearmost and largest
-buck. At the crack of the little rifle down he went with his neck
-broken. In a minute or two he was packed behind me on Muley, and we bent
-our steps towards camp.
-
-During the remainder of my trip we were never out of fresh meat, for I
-shot three other bucks—one after a smart chase on horseback, and the
-other two after careful stalks.
-
-The game being both scarce and shy, I had to exercise much care, and
-after sighting a band I would sometimes have to wait and crawl round for
-two or three hours before they would get into a position where I had any
-chance of approaching. Even then they were more apt to see me and go off
-than I was to get near them.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Antelope are the only game that can be hunted as well at noonday as in
-the morning or evening, for their times for sleeping and feeding are
-irregular. They never seek shelter from the sun, and when they lie down
-for a noonday nap they are apt to choose a hollow, so as to be out of
-the wind; in consequence, if the band is seen at all at this time, it is
-easier to approach them than when they are up and feeding.
-
-They sometimes come down to water in the middle of the day, sometimes in
-the morning or evening. On this trip I came across bands feeding and
-resting at almost every time of the day. They seemed usually to feed for
-a couple of hours, then rest for a couple of hours, then begin feeding
-again.
-
-[Illustration: A WOUNDED ANTELOPE]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The last shot I got was when I was out with Joe Ferris, in whose company
-I had killed my first buffalo, just thirteen years before, and not very
-far from the spot I then was at. We had seen two or three bands that
-morning, and in each case, after a couple of hours of useless effort, I
-failed to get near enough. At last, towards mid-day, we got within range
-of a small band lying down in a little cup-shaped hollow in the middle
-of a great flat. I did not have a close shot, for they were running
-about one hundred and eighty yards off. The buck was rear-most, and at
-him I aimed; the bullet struck him in the flank, coming out of the
-opposite shoulder, and he fell in his next bound. As we stood over him,
-Joe shook his head, and said, “I guess that little 30–30 is the ace”;
-and I told him I guessed so too.
-
-
-
-
-                           A Tame White Goat
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                   VI
-                           A TAME WHITE GOAT
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-One of the queerest wild beasts in North America is the so-called white
-goat. It is found all along the highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains
-from Alaska into Montana, Idaho, and Washington. Really it is not a goat
-at all, but a kind of mountain-antelope, whose nearest kinsfolk are
-certain Asiatic antelopes found in the Himalayas. It is a squat,
-powerfully built, and rather clumsy-looking animal, about as heavy as a
-good-sized deer, but not as tall. It is pure white in color, except that
-its hoofs, horns, and muzzle are jet black. In winter its fleece is very
-long, and at that time it wears a long beard, which makes it look still
-more like a goat. It has a very distinct hump on the shoulders, and the
-head is usually carried low.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-White goats are quite as queer in their habits as in their looks. They
-delight in cold, and, except in the northernmost portion of their range,
-they keep to the very tops of the mountains; and at mid-day, if the sun
-is at all powerful, retire to caves to rest themselves. They have the
-very curious habit of sitting up on their haunches, in the attitude of a
-dog begging, when looking about for any foe whose presence they suspect.
-They are wonderful climbers, although they have no liveliness or agility
-of movement; their surefootedness and remarkable strength enable them to
-go up or down seemingly impossible places. Their great round hoofs, with
-sharp-cut edges, can grip the slightest projection in the rocks, and no
-precipice or ice-wall has any terror for them. At times they come quite
-low towards the foot-hills, usually to visit some mineral lick, but
-generally they are found only in the very high broken ground, among
-stupendous crags and precipices. They are self-confident, rather stupid
-beasts, and as they are accustomed to look for danger only from below,
-it is an easy matter to approach them if once the hunter is able to get
-above them; but they live in such inaccessible places that their pursuit
-entails great labor and hardship.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Their sharp black horns are eight or ten inches long, with points like
-needles, and their necks are thick and muscular, so that they are
-dangerous enemies for any foe to handle at close quarters; and they know
-their capacities very well, and are confident in their prowess, often
-preferring to stand and fight a dog or wolf rather than to try to run.
-Nevertheless, though they are such wicked and resolute fighters, they
-have not a few enemies. The young kids are frequently carried off by
-eagles, and mountain-lions, wolves, and occasionally even wolverenes
-prey on the grown animals whenever they venture down out of their
-inaccessible resting-places to prowl along the upper edges of the timber
-or on the open terraces of grass and shrubby mountain plants. If a goat
-is on its guard, and can get its back to a rock, both wolf and panther
-will fight shy of facing the thrust of the dagger-like horns; but the
-beasts of prey are so much more agile and stealthy that if they can get
-a goat in the open or take it by surprise, they can readily pull it
-down.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-I have several times shot white goats for the sake of the trophies
-afforded by the horns and skins, but I have never gone after them much,
-as the work is very severe, and the flesh usually affords poor eating,
-being musky, as there is a big musk-pod situated between the ear and the
-horn. Only a few of the old-time hunters knew anything about white
-goats; and even nowadays there are not very many men who go into their
-haunts as a steady thing; but the settlers who live high up in the
-mountains do come across them now and then, and they occasionally have
-odd stories to relate about them.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-One was told to me by an old fellow who had a cabin on one of the
-tributaries that ran into Flathead Lake. He had been off prospecting for
-gold in the mountains early one spring. The life of a prospector is very
-hard. He goes alone, and in these northern mountains he cannot take with
-him the donkey which towards the south is his almost invariable
-companion and beast of burden; the tangled forests of the northern
-ranges make it necessary for him to trust only to his own power as a
-pack-bearer, and he carries merely what he takes on his own shoulders.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The old fellow in question had been out for a month before the snow was
-all gone, and his dog, a large and rather vicious hound, to which he was
-greatly attached, accompanied him. When his food gave out he was working
-his way back towards Flathead Lake, and struck a stream, on which he
-found an old dugout canoe, deserted the previous fall by some other
-prospector or prospectors. Into this he got, with his traps and his dog,
-and started down-stream.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-On the morning of the second day, while rounding a point of land, he
-suddenly came upon two white goats, a female and a little kid, evidently
-but a few weeks old, standing right by the stream. As soon as they saw
-him they turned and galloped clumsily off towards the foot of the
-precipice. As he was in need of meat, he shoved ashore and ran after the
-fleeing animals with his rifle, while the dog galloped in front. Just
-before reaching the precipice the dog overtook the goats. When he was
-almost up, however, the mother goat turned suddenly around, while the
-kid stopped short behind her, and she threatened the dog with lowered
-head. After a second’s hesitation the dog once more resumed his gallop,
-and flung himself full on the quarry. It was a fatal move. As he gave
-his last leap, the goat, bending her head down sideways, struck
-viciously, so that one horn slipped right up to the root into the dog’s
-chest. The blow was mortal, and the dog barely had time to give one yelp
-before his life passed.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-It was, however, several seconds before the goat could disengage its
-head from its adversary, and by that time the enraged hunter was close
-at hand, and with a single bullet avenged the loss of his dog. When the
-goat fell, however, he began to feel a little ashamed, thinking of the
-gallant fight she had made for herself and kid, and he did not wish to
-harm the latter. So he walked forward, trying to scare it away; but the
-little thing stood obstinately near its dead mother, and butted angrily
-at him as he came up. It was far too young to hurt him in any way, and
-he was bound not to hurt it, so he sat down beside it and smoked a pipe.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-When he got up it seemed to have become used to his presence, and no
-longer showed any hostility. For some seconds he debated what to do,
-fearing lest it might die if left alone; then he came to the conclusion
-that it was probably old enough to do without its mother’s milk, and
-would have at least a chance for its life if left to itself.
-Accordingly, he walked towards the boat; but he soon found it was
-following him. He tried to frighten it back, but it belonged to much too
-stout-hearted a race to yield to pretence, and on it came after him.
-When he reached the boat, after some hesitation he put the little thing
-in and started down-stream. At first the motion of the boat startled it,
-and it jumped right out into the water. When he got it back, it again
-jumped out, on to a bowlder. On being replaced the second time, it made
-no further effort to escape; but it puzzled him now and then by suddenly
-standing up with its fore-feet on the very rim of the ticklish dugout,
-so that he had to be very careful how he balanced. Finally, however, it
-got used to the motion of the canoe, and it was then a very contented
-and amusing passenger.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The last part of the journey, after its owner abandoned the canoe, was
-performed with the kid slung on his back. Of course it again at first
-objected strenuously to this new mode of progress, but in time it became
-quite reconciled, and accepted the situation philosophically. When the
-prospector reached his cabin his difficulties were at an end. The little
-goat had fallen off very much in flesh; for though it would browse of
-its own accord around the camp at night, it was evidently too young to
-take to the change kindly.
-
-[Illustration: FINALLY THE GOAT GOT USED TO THE MOTION OF THE CANOE]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Before reaching the cabin, however, it began to pick up again, and it
-soon became thoroughly at home amid its new surroundings. It was very
-familiar, not only with the prospector, but with strangers, and
-evidently regarded the cabin as a kind of safety spot. Though it would
-stray off into the surrounding woods, it never ventured farther than two
-or three hundred yards, and after an absence of half an hour or so at
-the longest, it would grow alarmed, and come back at full speed,
-bounding along like a wild buck through the woods, until it reached what
-it evidently deemed its haven of refuge.
-
-Its favorite abode was the roof of the cabin, at one corner of which,
-where the projecting ends of the logs were uneven, it speedily found a
-kind of ladder, up which it would climb until the roof was reached.
-Sometimes it would promenade along the ridge, and at other times mount
-the chimney, which it would hastily abandon, however, when a fire was
-lit. The presence of a dog always resulted in immediate flight, first to
-the roof, and then to the chimney; and when it came inside the cabin it
-was fond of jumping on a big wooden shelf above the fireplace, which
-served as a mantel-piece.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-If teased it was decidedly truculent; but its tameness and confidence,
-and the quickness with which it recognized any friend, made it a great
-favorite, not only with the prospector, but with his few neighbors.
-However, the little thing did not live very long. Whether it was the
-change of climate or something wrong with its food, when the hot weather
-came on it pined gradually away, and one morning it was found dead,
-lying on its beloved roof-tree. The prospector had grown so fond of it
-that, as he told me, he gave it a burial “just as if it were a
-Christian.”
-
-
-
-
-                                Ranching
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                  VII
-                                RANCHING
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-There are in every community young men to whom life at the desk or
-behind the counter is unutterably dreary and unattractive, and who long
-for some out-of-door occupation which shall, if possible, contain a
-spice of excitement. These young men can be divided into two
-classes—first, those who, if they get a chance to try the life for which
-they long, will speedily betray their utter inability to lead it; and,
-secondly, those who possess the physical capacity and the peculiar
-mental make-up necessary for success in an employment far out of the
-usual paths of civilized occupations. A great many of these young men
-think of ranching as a business which they might possibly take up, and
-what I am about to say[1] is meant as much for a warning to one class as
-for advice to the other.
-
-Footnote 1:
-
-  Written in 1896.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Ranching is a rather indefinite term. In a good many parts of the West a
-ranch simply means a farm; but I shall not use it in this sense, since
-the advantages and disadvantages of a farmer’s life, whether it be led
-in New Jersey or Iowa, have often been dwelt upon by men infinitely more
-competent than I am to pass judgment. Accordingly, when I speak of
-ranching I shall mean some form of stock-raising or sheep-farming as
-practised now in the wilder parts of the United States, where there is
-still plenty of land which, because of the lack of rainfall, is not very
-productive for agricultural purposes.
-
-[Illustration: COW-BOY AMUSEMENTS]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The first thing to be remembered by any boy or young man who wishes to
-go West and start life on a cattle ranch, horse ranch, or sheep ranch is
-that he must know the business thoroughly before he can earn any salary
-to speak of, still less start out on his own accord. A great many young
-fellows apparently think that a cow-boy is born and not made, and that
-in order to become one all they have to do is to wish very hard to be
-one. Now, as a matter of fact, a young fellow trained as a book-keeper
-would take quite as long to learn the trade of a cow-boy as the average
-cow-boy would take to learn the trade of book-keeper. The first thing
-that the beginner anywhere in the wilder parts of the West has to learn
-is the capacity to stand monotony, fatigue, and hardship; the next thing
-is to learn the nature of the country.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-A young fellow from the East who has been brought up on a farm, or who
-has done hard manual labor as a machinist, need not go through a
-novitiate of manual labor in order to get accustomed to the roughness
-that such labor implies; but a boy just out of a high-school, or a young
-clerk, will have to go through just such a novitiate before he will be
-able to command a dollar’s pay. Both alike will have to learn the nature
-of the country, and this can only be learned by actual experience on the
-ground.
-
-Again, the beginner must remember that though there is occasional
-excitement and danger in a ranchman’s life, it is only occasional, while
-the monotony of hard and regular toil is not often broken. Except in the
-matter of fresh air and freedom from crowding, a small ranchman often
-leads a life of as grinding hardness as the average dweller in a New
-York tenement-house. His shelter is a small log hut, or possibly a
-dugout in the side of a bank, or in summer a shabby tent. For food he
-will have to depend mainly on the bread of his own baking, on fried fat
-pork, and on coffee or tea with sugar and no milk. Of course he will
-occasionally have some canned stuff or potatoes. The furniture of the
-hut is of the roughest description—a roll of blankets for bedding, a
-bucket, a tin wash-basin, and a tin mug, with perhaps a cracked
-looking-glass four inches square.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-He will not have much society of any kind, and the society he does have
-is not apt to be over-refined. If he is a lad of a delicate, shrinking
-nature and fastidious habits, he will find much that is uncomfortable,
-and will need to show no small amount of pluck and fortitude if he is to
-hold his own. The work, too, is often hard and often wearisome from mere
-sameness. It is generally done on horseback even on a sheep ranch, and
-always on a cow ranch. The beginner must learn to ride with indifference
-all kinds of rough and dangerous horses before he will be worth his
-keep.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-With all this before him, the beginner will speedily find out that life
-on a Western ranch is very far from being a mere holiday. A young man
-who desires to start in the life ought, if possible, to have with him a
-little money—just enough to keep body and soul together—until he can
-gain a foothold somewhere.
-
-No specific directions can be given him as to where to start. Wyoming,
-most of Montana, the western edge of the Dakotas, western Texas, and
-some portions of the Rocky Mountain States still offer chances for a man
-to go into the ranch business. In different seasons in the different
-localities business may be good or bad, and it would be impossible to
-tell where was the best place to start.
-
-[Illustration: TAILING A BULL]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Wherever the beginner goes, he ought to make up his mind at the outset
-to start by doing any kind of work he can. Let him chop wood, hoe, do
-any chore that will bring him in twenty-five cents. If he is once able
-to start by showing that he is willing to work hard and do something, he
-can probably get employment of some kind, although this employment will
-almost certainly be very ill paid and not attractive. Perhaps it will be
-to dig in a garden, or to help one of the men drive oxen, or to do the
-heavy work around camp for some party of cow-punchers or lumberers.
-Whatever it is, let the boy go at it with all his might, and at the same
-time take every opportunity to get acquainted with the kind of life
-which he intends ultimately to lead. If he wishes to try to ride a
-horse, he will have every chance, if for no other reason than that he
-will continually meet men whose ideas of fun are met by the spectacle of
-a tenderfoot on a bucking bronco.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-By degrees he will learn a good deal of the ways of the life and of the
-country. Then he must snatch the first chance that offers itself to take
-a position in connection with the regular work of a ranch. He may be
-employed as a regular hand to help cook on the ranch wagon, or taken by
-a shepherd to do the hard and dirty work which the shepherd would like
-to put off on somebody else. When he has once got as far as this his
-rise is certain, if he is not afraid of labor, and keeps a lookout for
-the opportunities that offer. After a while he will have a horse
-himself, and he will be employed as a second-rate man to do the ordinary
-ranch work.
-
-[Illustration: “THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF EXCITING GALLOPING”]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Work on a sheep ranch is less attractive, but more profitable than on
-any other. A good deal of skill must be shown by the shepherd in
-managing his flock and in handling the sheep dogs; but ordinarily it is
-appallingly dreary to sit all day long in the sun, or loll about in the
-saddle, watching the flocks of fleecy idiots. In time of storm he must
-work like a demon and know exactly what to do, or his whole flock will
-die before his eyes, sheep being as tender as horses and cattle are
-tough.
-
-With the work of a cow ranch or horse ranch there comes more excitement.
-Every man on such a ranch has a string of eight or ten horses for his
-own riding, and there is a great deal of exciting galloping and hot
-riding across the plains; and the work in a stampede at night, or in
-line-riding during the winter, or in breaking the fierce little horses
-to the saddle, is as exciting as it is hard and dangerous.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The wilder phases of the life, however, are steadily passing away.
-Almost everywhere great wire fences are being put up, and no small part
-of the cow-boy’s duty nowadays is to ride along the line of a fence and
-repair it wherever broken. Moreover, at present [1896] the business of
-cattle or horse raising on the plains does not pay well, and, except in
-peculiar cases, can hardly be recommended to a boy ambitious for his
-future.
-
-So much for the unattractive reality of ranch life. It would be unfair
-not to point out that it has a very attractive side also. If the boy is
-fond of open-air exercise, and willing to risk tumbles that may break an
-occasional bone, and to endure at need heat and cold, hunger and thirst,
-he will find much that is pleasant in the early mornings on the great
-plains, particularly on the rare days when he is able to take a few
-hours’ holiday to go with his shot-gun after prairie-chickens or ducks,
-or, perchance, to ride out with a Winchester rifle to a locality where
-on one of his working days he has seen a small band of antelope standing
-in the open, or caught a glimpse of a deer bounding through the brush.
-There is little temptation to spend money, unless he is addicted to the
-coarsest kind of dissipation, and after a few years the young fellow
-ought to have some hundreds of dollars laid aside. By this time he
-should know all about the business and the locality, and should be able
-to gauge just what he can accomplish.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-For a year or two perhaps he can try to run a little outfit of his own
-in connection with his work on a big ranch. Then he will abandon the
-latter and start out entirely on his own account. Disaster may overtake
-him, as it may overtake any business man; but if he wins success, even
-though of a moderate kind, he has a pleasant life before him, riding
-about over the prairie among his own horses or cattle or sheep,
-occasionally taking a day off to go after game, and, while working hard,
-not having to face the mere drudgery which he had to encounter as a
-tyro.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The chances are very small that he will ever gain great wealth; and when
-he marries and has children of his own there are many uncomfortable
-problems to face, the chief being that of schools; but for a young man
-in good health and of adventurous temper the life is certainly
-pleasanter than that of one cooped up in the counting-room, and while it
-is not one to be sought save by the very few who have natural liking for
-it, and a natural capacity to enjoy it and profit by it, still for these
-few people it remains one of the most attractive forms of existence in
-America.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-                                THE END
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-                          TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
-
-
- 1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in
-      spelling.
- 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
- 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
-
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Good hunting;, by Theodore  Roosevelt</p>
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Good hunting;</p>
-<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>in pursuit of big game in the West</p>
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Theodore  Roosevelt</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: March 15, 2022 [eBook #67632]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOOD HUNTING; ***</div>
-
-<div class='tnotes covernote'>
-
-<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber’s Note:</strong></p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter ph1'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>Good Hunting</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_half_title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div id='Frontispiece'  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/i_frontispiece.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>A WOUNDED BULL ELK</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/i_title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<div class='titlepage double'>
-
-<div>
-  <h1 class='c002'>GOOD HUNTING<br /> <span class='xlarge'>In Pursuit of Big Game in the West</span></h1>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
-    <div>BY</div>
-    <div><span class='large'>THEODORE ROOSEVELT</span></div>
-    <div class='c004'>Illustrated</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c005'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“Good hunting all</div>
-      <div class='line'>That keep the Jungle law.”</div>
-      <div class='line in10'><span class='sc'>Rudyard Kipling.</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_title_a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>New York and London</div>
-    <div>Harper &amp; Brothers Publishers</div>
-    <div>1907</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c004' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='border section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div><span class='small'>Copyright, 1896, 1897, 1907, by <span class='sc'>Harper &amp; Brothers</span>.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='small'><i>All rights reserved.</i></span></div>
-    <div><span class='small'>Published February, 1907.</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_v'>v</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Publisher’s Note</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_v.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>This book offers to younger readers a
-series of pictures of out-door life and big-game
-hunting in the West. More than
-this, the author makes us feel not only
-the zest of sport and adventure, but also
-the interest attaching to the habits and
-peculiarities of the remarkable animals
-which he describes. It is a field-book,
-since it is written by a true sportsman out
-of his own experiences, and its general
-spirit tends to a better appreciation of the
-value of close observation of animal life.
-The elk, bear, goats, deer, and other
-animals which are described, represent
-the most remarkable large fauna of our
-country. These descriptions, by one
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_vi'>vi</span>whose acquaintance with them has been
-so intimate, have an added value in view
-of the diminution in their number.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_vi.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>It is interesting, also, to remember that
-the influence of the author has been constantly
-exerted in favor of the preservation
-of big game and the maintenance of
-national parks and forest reserves, which,
-in addition to other advantages, include
-the protection of these noble forms of
-animal life.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This series of articles upon big-game
-hunting was written for <cite>Harper’s Round
-Table</cite>, and published therein in 1897.
-The picture of ranch life which forms the
-closing chapter appeared in <cite>Harper’s
-Round Table</cite> in 1896. These articles are
-now presented together in book form for
-the first time after consultation with the
-author. For the title of the book and
-the proof-reading the publishers are responsible.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_vii'>vii</span>
-<img src='images/i_vii.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Contents</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0'>
-<colgroup>
-<col class='colwidth12' />
-<col class='colwidth77' />
-<col class='colwidth10' />
-</colgroup>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'><span class='small'>CHAP.</span></td>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c011'><span class='small'>PAGE</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>I.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>The Wapiti, or Round-horned Elk</span></td>
-    <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_13'>13</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c011'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>II.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>A Cattle-killing Bear</span></td>
-    <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_27'>27</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c011'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>III.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>A Christmas Buck</span></td>
-    <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c011'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>IV.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>The Timber-wolf</span></td>
-    <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_53'>53</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c011'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>V.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>Shooting the Prong-buck</span></td>
-    <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_67'>67</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c011'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>VI.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>A Tame White Goat</span></td>
-    <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_81'>81</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c011'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>VII.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>Ranching</span></td>
-    <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_95'>95</a></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_ix'>ix</span>
-<img src='images/i_x.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Illustrations</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0'>
-<colgroup>
-<col class='colwidth81' />
-<col class='colwidth14' />
-<col class='colwidth4' />
-</colgroup>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>A WOUNDED BULL ELK</td>
-    <td class='c012' colspan='2'><i><a href='#Frontispiece'>Frontispiece</a></i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>SIX-POINT ELK-ANTLERS</td>
-    <td class='c013'><i>Facing p.</i></td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_018'>18</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>FOLLOWING AN ELK-TRAIL IN WINTER</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_020'>20</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>GREAT WAS THE BULL’S ASTONISHMENT</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_022'>22</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>THE GRIZZLY AND A VICTIM</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_032'>32</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>“THE SHAGGY BEAST WAS FOUND LYING DEAD WITHIN A DOZEN YARDS OF HIS LAST VICTIM”</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_036'>36</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>“‘I DROPPED ON ONE KNEE AND FIRED’”</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_046'>46</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>CANADIAN WOLVES AT AN INDIAN GRAVE</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_054'>54</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>DOGS IN PURSUIT OF AN OLD WOLF</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_060'>60</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>STALKING BIG GAME</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_068'>68</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>“‘I LEAPED OFF, AND HELD WELL AHEAD OF THE REARMOST AND LARGEST BUCK’”</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_074'>74</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>A WOUNDED ANTELOPE</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_076'>76</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>FINALLY THE GOAT GOT USED TO THE MOTION OF THE CANOE</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_090'>90</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>COW-BOY AMUSEMENTS</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_096'>96</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>TAILING A BULL</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_100'>100</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c010'>“THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF EXCITING GALLOPING”</td>
-    <td class='c013'>„</td>
-    <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_102'>102</a></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>The Wapiti,</div>
-    <div>or Round-horned Elk</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_011.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>I<br /> <span class='large'>THE WAPITI, OR ROUND-HORNED ELK</span></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_013.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_013.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-No country of the temperate
-zone can begin to compare
-with South Asia, and, above
-all, tropical and subtropical
-Africa, in the number and
-size of those great beasts of the chase
-which are known to hunters as big
-game; but after the Indian and African
-hunting-grounds, the best are still
-those of North America. Until a few
-years before 1897 there were large regions,
-even in the United States, where
-the teeming myriads of wild game,
-though of far fewer and less varied
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>species, almost equalled the multitudes
-found in South Africa, and much surpassed
-those found anywhere else in
-point of numbers, though inferior in
-variety to those of India.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_014.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>This, however, is now a thing of the
-past. The bison, which was the most
-characteristic animal of the American
-fauna, has been practically exterminated.
-There remained in 1897, however, a fair
-abundance of all other kinds of game.
-Perhaps, on the whole, the one affording
-most sport from the stand-point of the
-hardy and skilful hunter is the big-horn,
-though in size and in magnificence of
-horn it is surpassed by some of the wild
-sheep of Asia.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>There is a spice of danger in the pursuit
-of the grizzly-bear—the largest of all the
-land bears—especially in Alaska, where
-it is even larger than its Kamtchatkan
-brother. The moose and the wapiti—ordinarily
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>called the elk—are closely related
-to the Old-World representatives of
-their kind; but the moose is a little larger
-and the wapiti very much larger than
-any of their European or Asiatic kinsfolk.
-In particular, the elk, or wapiti,
-is the stateliest of all deer, and the most
-beautiful of American game beasts.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_015.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>It is a pity we cannot always call the
-wapiti by its right name, but the hunters
-and settlers never know him as anything
-but the elk, and I fear it would be
-pedantry to try to establish his rightful
-title. In former days the elk ranged to
-tide-water on the Atlantic coast. A few
-lingered in Pennsylvania until 1869, and
-throughout the middle of the century
-they were abundant on the great plains.
-In 1888 I shot one on the Little Missouri,
-however. In many parts of the Rocky
-Mountains and of the Coast Range the
-species is still as abundant as ever, and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>this is especially true of northwestern
-Wyoming, since that great animal-preserve
-the Yellowstone Park swarms with
-elk, and is their natural nursery and
-breeding-ground.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_016.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The elk is the lordliest of his kind
-throughout the world. The Scotch stag
-is a pygmy but a fourth his size. The
-stags of eastern Europe are larger than
-those of Scotland, and in Asia larger still,
-approaching in size a small wapiti. They
-are all substantially alike except in size.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The wapiti is rather easier to kill than
-the deer, because his size makes it easier
-to see him; and he is slower in his movements,
-so that he is easier to hit. When
-pressed he can gallop very hard for a few
-hundred yards, but soon becomes tired.
-The trot is his natural gait, and this he
-can keep up for hours at a time, going at
-a pace which makes it necessary for a
-horse to gallop smartly to overtake him,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>and clearing great logs in his stride, while
-he dodges among the thick timber in a
-really marvellous way, when one comes
-to think of the difficulty he must have
-in handling his great antlers.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_017.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Late in September the rut begins, and
-then the elk gather in huge bands, while
-the great bulls fight vicious battles for
-leadership. Hunters call this the whistling-time,
-because throughout its continuance
-the bulls are very noisy, continually
-challenging one another. Their
-note is really not much like a whistle.
-It consists of two or three bars, rising and
-then falling, ending with a succession of
-grunts; the tone of voice varies greatly
-in different individuals; but when heard
-at a little distance in the heart of the
-great wooded wilderness the sound is very
-musical, and to me—and, I suppose, to
-most hunters—it is one of the most attractive
-sounds in all nature.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>
-<img src='images/i_018.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>At this season the big bulls are quite
-easy to approach by any man at all
-skilled in still-hunting, for their incessant
-challenging betrays their whereabouts,
-and they are so angry and excited as to be
-less watchful than usual. Some of my
-most pleasurable memories of hunting
-are connected with stalking some great
-bull elk in frosty weather, when the woods
-rang with his challenges.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>One evening in early October I was
-camped high among the mountains of
-western Montana. We were travelling
-with a pack-train, and had pitched our
-small tent among some firs by a brook,
-while the horses grazed in the little park
-or meadow close by. Elk were plentiful
-round about. We had seen their trails
-everywhere, and late in the afternoon
-we had caught a glimpse of a band of
-cows as they disappeared among the
-pines.</p>
-<div id='fp_018'  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/fp_018.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>SIX-POINT ELK-ANTLERS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>
-<img src='images/i_019.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Towards morning I was awakened by
-hearing a bull challenge not very far
-from camp. The sound of the challenge
-kept coming nearer and nearer, and
-finally I heard one of the horses snort
-loudly in response; evidently the elk saw
-them, and, not making out exactly what
-they were, was coming down to join them.
-Sometimes horses will stampede when
-thus approached; but our ponies were
-veterans, and were very tired, and evidently
-had no intention of leaving their
-good pasture.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Sitting up in my blankets, I could tell
-from the sound that they were still in the
-park, and then the challenge of the bull
-came pealing up not three hundred yards
-from the tent. This was more than I
-could stand, and I jumped up and put on
-my shoes and jacket. The moon was
-bright, but shooting by moonlight is very
-deceptive, and I doubt whether I would
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>have hit him even had I got down to the
-park in time. However, he had moved
-on before I got down, and I heard his challenge
-in the woods beyond.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_020.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Looking at my watch, I saw that it was
-nearly dawn. I returned to the tent and
-laid down as I was under the blankets, and
-shivered and dozed for half an hour, then
-I came back to the meadow, where the
-pack-ponies stood motionless. In the
-brightening light the moon paled, and
-I was very soon able to pick out the bull’s
-trail on the frost-covered ground, where
-it was almost as plain as if he had been
-walking in snow. I saw that he had
-struck up a long valley, from which a
-pass led into a wooded basin. At the
-top of the pass I lost the trail entirely,
-and as it was almost impossible to see for
-any distance through the woods, I came
-to the conclusion that the best thing to do
-was to sit down and await events.</p>
-<div id='fp_020'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_020.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>FOLLOWING AN ELK-TRAIL IN WINTER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>
-<img src='images/i_021.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>I did not have long to wait. In a
-couple of minutes the bugle of a bull came
-echoing across the basin through the
-frosty morning. Evidently my friend
-was still travelling, hunting for some
-possibly weaker rival. Almost immediately
-I heard far off another answering
-the challenge, and I stood up and meditated
-what to do. There was very little
-air, but such as there was blew to one
-side of the spot from which the last challenge
-seemed to come, and I immediately
-struck off at a trot through the woods to
-get below the wind.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The answer to the challenge had evidently
-greatly excited the bull whose
-trail I had been following; he called every
-two or three minutes. The other answer
-was somewhat more irregular, and as I
-drew nearer I could tell from the volume
-of sound that the second challenge was
-from some big master-bull, who probably
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>had his herd around him, and was roaring
-defiance at his would-be despoiler, for
-the single bull was doubtless on the lookout
-for some weaker one whom he could
-supplant as master of a herd.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_022.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>It was likely that the second bull, being
-a herd-master, would have the larger
-antlers, and I therefore preferred to get
-a shot at him. However, I was doomed
-to disappointment. As I groped towards
-the herd, and was within a couple of hundred
-yards, as I knew by the volume of
-sound, I almost stumbled upon a small
-spike-bull, who was evidently loitering
-about the outskirts of the herd, not daring
-to go too near the bad-tempered old
-chief. This little bull dashed away, giving
-the alarm, and a clash in the bushes soon
-told that the herd was following him.</p>
-<div id='fp_022'  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/fp_022.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>GREAT WAS THE BULL’S ASTONISHMENT</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>But luck favored me. The master-bull,
-being absorbed in thoughts of his
-rival, evidently suspected that the cows
-had some thought of fleeing from him,
-and, as they ran, tried to hold them together.
-I ran too, going at full speed,
-with the hope of cutting him off; in this
-I failed, but I came almost face to face
-with the very bull which I had been
-following from camp, and which had
-evidently followed the herd at full speed
-as soon as they ran.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_023.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Great was his astonishment when he
-saw me. He pulled up so suddenly to
-wheel round that he almost fell on his
-side; then off he went in a plunging gallop
-of terror; but he was near by, and stepping
-to one side I covered an opening between
-two trees, firing the minute he
-appeared. A convulsive leap showed that
-the bullet had struck, and after him I
-went at full speed. In a short time I saw
-him again, walking along with drooping
-head, and again I fired into his flank; he
-seemed to pay no attention to the shot,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>but walked forward a few steps, then
-halted, faltered, and fell on his side. In
-another second I had placed my rifle
-against a tree, and was admiring his
-shapely form and massive antlers.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_024.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span></div>
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>A Cattle-killing Bear</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_025.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>II<br /> <span class='large'>A CATTLE-KILLING BEAR</span></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_027.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_027.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-There were, in 1897, a few
-grizzlies left here and there
-along the Little Missouri,
-usually in large bottoms
-covered with an almost
-impenetrable jungle of timber and thorny
-brush. In the old days they used to be
-very plentiful in this region, and ventured
-boldly out on the prairie. The
-Little Missouri region was a famous hunting-ground
-for both the white trappers
-and the Indian hunters in those old days
-when the far West was still a wilderness,
-and the men who trapped beaver would
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>wander for years over the plains and
-mountains and see no white faces save
-those of their companions.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_028.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Indeed, at that time the Little Missouri
-was very dangerous country, as it was the
-debatable-ground between many powerful
-Indian tribes, and was only visited
-by formidable war-parties and hunting-parties.
-In consequence of nobody daring
-to live there, game swarmed—buffalo,
-elk, deer, antelope, mountain-sheep, and
-bear. The bears were then very bold,
-and the hunters had little difficulty in
-getting up to them, for they were quite
-as apt to attack as to run away.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_029.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>But when, in 1880, the Northern Pacific
-Railroad reached the neighborhood of the
-Little Missouri, all this changed forever.
-The game that for untold ages had trodden
-out their paths over the prairies and
-along the river-bottoms vanished, as the
-Indians that had hunted it also vanished.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>The bold white hunters also passed away
-with the bears they had chased and the
-red foes against whom they had warred.
-In their places the ranchman came in with
-great herds of cattle and horses and
-flocks of sheep, and built their log cabins
-and tilled their scanty garden-patches,
-and cut down the wild hay for winter
-fodder. Now bears are as shy as they
-are scarce. No grizzly in such a settled
-region would dream of attacking a man
-unprovoked, and they pass their days in
-the deepest thickets, so that it is almost
-impossible to get at them. I never
-killed a bear in the neighborhood of my
-former ranch, though I have shot quite a
-number some hundreds of miles to the
-west in the Rocky Mountains.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_030.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Usually the bears live almost exclusively
-on roots, berries, insects, and
-the like. In fact, there is always something
-grotesque and incongruous in comparing
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>the bear’s vast size, and his
-formidable claws and teeth, with the
-uses to which those claws and teeth are
-normally put. At the end of the season
-the claws, which are very long in spring,
-sometimes become so much blunted as
-to be tender, because the bear has worked
-on hard ground digging roots and the
-like.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Bears often graze on the fresh tender
-spring grass. Berries form their especial
-delight, and they eat them so greedily
-when in season as to become inordinately
-fat. Indeed, a bear in a berry-patch
-frequently grows so absorbed in his work
-as to lose his wariness, and as he makes
-a good deal of noise himself in breaking
-branches and gobbling down the fruit,
-he is exposed to much danger from the
-hunter.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_031.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Besides roots and berries, the bear will
-feed on any small living thing he encounters.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>If in plundering a squirrel’s
-<i>cache</i> he comes upon some young squirrels,
-down they go in company with the hoarded
-nuts. He is continually knocking to
-pieces and overturning old dead logs for
-the sake of devouring the insects living
-beneath them. If, when such a log is
-overturned, mice, shrews, or chipmunks
-are found underneath, the bear promptly
-scoops them into his mouth while they
-are still dazed by the sudden inrush of
-light. All this seems rather ludicrous
-as the life work of an animal of such huge
-proportions and such vast strength.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Sometimes, however, a bear will take
-to killing fresh meat for itself. Indeed,
-I think it is only its clumsiness that
-prevents it from becoming an habitual
-flesh-eater. Deer are so agile that bears
-can rarely get them; yet on occasions
-not only deer, but moose, buffalo, and
-elk fall victims to them. Wild game,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>however, are so shy, so agile, and so
-alert that it is only rarely they afford
-meals to old Ephraim—as the mountain
-hunters call the grizzly.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_032.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Domestic animals are slower, more
-timid, more clumsy, and with far duller
-sense. It is on these that the bear by
-preference preys when he needs fresh
-meat. I have never, myself, known one
-to kill horses; but I have been informed
-that the feat is sometimes performed,
-usually in spring; and the ranchman who
-told me insisted that when a bear made
-his rush he went with such astonishing
-speed that the horse was usually overtaken
-before it got well under way.</p>
-<div id='fp_032'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_032.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>THE GRIZZLY AND A VICTIM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>
-<img src='images/i_033.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The favorite food of a bear, however,
-if he really wants fresh meat, is a hog or
-sheep—by preference the former. If a
-bear once gets into the habit of visiting
-a sheepfold or pigpen, it requires no
-slight skill and watchfulness to keep
-him out. As for swine, they dread bears
-more than anything else. A drove of
-half-wild swine will make head against a
-wolf or panther; but the bear scatters
-them in a panic. This feat is entirely
-justifiable, for a bear has a peculiar
-knack in knocking down a hog, and then
-literally eating him alive, in spite of his
-fearful squealing.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Every now and then bears take to killing
-cattle regularly. Sometimes the criminal
-is a female with cubs; sometimes an
-old male in spring, when he is lean, and has
-the flesh hunger upon him. But on one
-occasion a very large and cunning bear,
-some twenty-five miles below my ranch,
-took to cattle-killing early in the summer,
-and continued it through the fall.
-He made his home in a very densely
-wooded bottom; but he wandered far
-and wide, and I have myself frequently
-seen his great, half-human footprints
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>leading along some narrow divide, or
-across some great plateau, where there
-was no cover whatever, and where he
-must have gone at night. During the
-daytime, when on one of these expeditions,
-he would lie up in some timber
-<i>coulée</i>, and return to the river-bottoms
-after dark, so that no one ever saw
-him; but his tracks were seen very frequently.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_034.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>He began operations on the bottom
-where he had his den. He at first took
-to lying in wait for the cattle as they
-came down to drink, when he would seize
-some animal, usually a fat young steer or
-heifer, knocking it over by sheer force.
-In his furious rush he sometimes broke
-the back with a terrific blow from his
-fore-paw; at other times he threw the
-animal over and bit it to death. The
-rest of the herd never made any effort to
-retaliate, but fled in terror. Very soon
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>the cattle would not go down on this
-bottom at all; then he began to wander
-over the adjoining bottoms, and finally
-to make excursions far off in the broken
-country. Evidently he would sometimes
-at night steal along a <i>coulée</i> until
-he found cattle lying down on the hill-side,
-and then approach cautiously and
-seize his prey.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_035.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Usually the animals he killed were cows
-or steers; and noticing this, a certain
-ranchman in the neighborhood used to
-boast that a favorite bull on his ranch, of
-which he was particularly proud, would
-surely account for the bear if the latter
-dared to attack him. The boast proved
-vain. One day a cow-boy riding down
-a lonely <i>coulée</i> came upon the scene of
-what had evidently been a very hard conflict.
-There were deep marks of hoofs
-and claws in the soft soil, bushes were
-smashed down where the struggling
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>combatants had pressed against and over
-them, and a little farther on lay the remains
-of the bull.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_036.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>He must have been seized by surprise;
-probably the great bear rushed at him
-from behind, or at one side, and fastened
-upon him so that he had no fair chance to
-use his horns. Nevertheless, he made a
-gallant struggle for his life, staggering to
-and fro trying to shake off his murderous
-antagonist, and endeavoring in vain to
-strike back over his shoulder; but all was
-useless. Even his strength could not
-avail against the might of his foe, and
-the cruel claws and teeth tore out his
-life. At last the gallant bull fell and
-breathed his last, and the bear feasted
-on the carcass.</p>
-<div id='fp_036'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_036.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>“THE SHAGGY BEAST WAS FOUND LYING DEAD WITHIN A DOZEN YARDS OF HIS LAST VICTIM”</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>
-<img src='images/i_037.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The angry ranchman swore vengeance,
-and set a trap for the bear, hoping it would
-return. The sly old beast, however,
-doubtless was aware that the body had
-been visited, for he never came back, but
-returned to the river-bottom, and again
-from time to time was heard of as slaying
-some animal. However, at last his
-fate overtook him. Early one morning
-a cow was discovered just killed and not
-yet eaten, the bear having probably
-been scared off. Immediately the ranchman
-put poison in the bait which the bear
-had thus himself left, and twenty-four
-hours later the shaggy beast was found
-lying dead within a dozen yards of his
-last victim.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span></div>
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>A Christmas Buck</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_039.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>III<br /> <span class='large'>A CHRISTMAS BUCK</span></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_041.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_041.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-Throughout most of the
-ranch country there are
-two kinds of deer, the
-black-tail and the white-tail.
-The white-tail is the
-same as the deer of the East; it is a
-beautiful creature, a marvel of lightness
-and grace in all its movements, and it
-loves to dwell in thick timber, so that in
-the plains country it is almost confined
-to the heavily wooded river bottoms.
-The black-tail is somewhat larger, with
-a different and very peculiar gait, consisting
-of a succession of stiff-legged
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>bounds, all four feet striking the earth
-at the same time. Its habits are likewise
-very different, as it is a bolder animal
-and much fonder of the open country.
-Among the Rockies it is found in
-the deep forests, but it prefers scantily
-wooded regions, and in the plains country
-it dwells by choice in the rough hills,
-spending the day in the patches of ash or
-cedar among the ravines. In 1882 the
-black-tail was very much more abundant
-than the white-tail almost everywhere
-in the West, but owing to the nature
-of its haunts it is more easily killed
-out, and in 1897, through both species
-has decreased in numbers, the white-tail
-was on the whole the more common.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_042.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>My ranch-house was situated on a
-heavily wooded bottom, one of the places
-where the white-tail were found. On
-one occasion I killed one from the ranch
-veranda, and two or three times I shot
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>them within half a mile of the house.
-Nevertheless, they are so cunning and
-stealthy in their ways, and the cover is
-so dense, that usually, although one may
-know of their existence right in one’s
-neighborhood, there is more chance of
-getting game by going off eight or ten
-miles into the broken country of the
-black-tail.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_043.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>One Christmas I was to be at the
-ranch, and I made up my mind that I
-would try to get a good buck for our
-Christmas dinner; for I had not had
-much time to hunt that fall, and Christmas
-was almost upon us before we started
-to lay in our stock of winter meat. So
-I arranged with one of the cow-boys to
-make an all-day’s hunt through some
-rugged hills on the other side of the river,
-where we knew there were black-tail.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>We were up soon after three o’clock,
-when it was yet as dark as at midnight.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>We had a long day’s work before us,
-and so we ate a substantial breakfast,
-then put on our fur caps, coats, and
-mittens, and walked out into the cold
-night. The air was still, but it was biting
-weather, and we pulled our caps down
-over our ears as we walked towards the
-rough, low stable where the two hunting-ponies
-had been put overnight. In a few
-minutes we were jogging along on our
-journey.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_044.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>There was a powder of snow over the
-ground, and this and the brilliant starlight
-enabled us to see our way without
-difficulty. The river was frozen hard,
-and the hoofs of the horses rang on the ice
-as they crossed. For a while we followed
-the wagon road, and then struck off into
-a cattle trail which led up into a long
-<i>coulée</i>. After a while this faded out,
-and we began to work our way along the
-divide, not without caution, for in broken
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>countries it is hard to take a horse during
-darkness. Indeed, we found we had left
-a little too early, for there was hardly a
-glimmer of dawn when we reached our
-proposed hunting-grounds. We left the
-horses in a sheltered nook where there
-was abundance of grass, and strode off on
-foot, numb after the ride.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_045.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The dawn brightened rapidly, and there
-was almost light enough for shooting when
-we reached a spur overlooking a large
-basin around whose edges there were several
-wooded <i>coulées</i>. Here we sat down
-to wait and watch. We did not have to
-wait long, for just as the sun was coming
-up on our right hand we caught a glimpse
-of something moving at the mouth of one
-of the little ravines some hundreds of
-yards distant. Another glance showed
-us that it was a deer feeding, while another
-behind it was walking leisurely in
-our direction.</p>
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>
-<img src='images/i_046.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>There was no time to be lost, and, sliding
-back over the crest, we trotted off
-around a spur until we were in line with
-the quarry, and then walked rapidly
-towards them. Our only fear was lest
-they should move into some position where
-they would see us; and this fear was
-justified. While still one hundred yards
-from the mouth of the <i>coulée</i> in which we
-had seen the feeding deer, the second one,
-which all the time had been walking slowly
-in our direction, came out on a ridge
-crest to one side of our course. It saw
-us at once and halted short; it was only a
-spike buck, but there was no time to lose,
-for we needed meat, and in another moment
-it would have gone off, giving the
-alarm to its companion. So I dropped
-on one knee, and fired just as it turned.</p>
-<div id='fp_046'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_046.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>“‘I DROPPED ON ONE KNEE AND FIRED’”</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>From the jump it gave I was sure it was
-hit, but it disappeared over the hill,
-and at the same time the big buck, its
-companion, dashed out of the <i>coulée</i> in
-front, across the basin. It was broadside
-to me, and not more than one hundred
-yards distant; but a running deer
-is difficult to hit, and though I took two
-shots, both missed, and it disappeared
-behind another spur.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_047.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>This looked pretty bad, and I felt
-rather blue as I climbed up to look at the
-trail of the spike. I was cheered to find
-blood, and as there was a good deal of
-snow here and there it was easy to follow
-it; nor was it long before we saw the buck
-moving forward slowly, evidently very
-sick. We did not disturb him, but
-watched him until he turned down into
-a short ravine a quarter of a mile off;
-he did not come out, and we sat down and
-waited nearly an hour to give him time to
-get stiff. When we reached the valley,
-one went down each side so as to be sure
-to get him when he jumped up. Our
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>caution was needless, however, for we
-failed to start him; and on hunting
-through some of the patches of brush
-we found him stretched out already
-dead.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_048.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>This was satisfactory; but still it was
-not the big buck, and we started out again
-after dressing and hanging up the deer.
-For many hours we saw nothing, and we
-had swung around within a couple of
-miles of the horses before we sat down behind
-a screen of stunted cedars for a last
-look. After attentively scanning every
-patch of brush in sight, we were about to
-go on when the attention of both of us
-was caught at the same moment by seeing
-a big buck deliberately get up, turn round,
-and then lie down again in a grove of
-small, leafless trees lying opposite to us on
-a hill-side with a southern exposure. He
-had evidently very nearly finished his
-day’s rest, but was not quite ready to go
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>out to feed; and his restlessness cost
-him his life.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_049.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>As we now knew where he was, the
-work was easy. We marked a place on
-the hill-top a little above and to one side
-of him; and while the cow-boy remained
-to watch him, I drew back and walked
-leisurely round to where I could get a
-shot. When nearly up to the crest I
-crawled into view of the patch of brush,
-rested my elbows on the ground, and
-gently tapped two stones together. The
-buck rose nimbly to his feet, and at
-seventy yards afforded me a standing
-shot, which I could not fail to turn to
-good account.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_050.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>A winter day is short, and twilight had
-come before we had packed both bucks
-on the horses; but with our game behind
-our saddles we did not feel either fatigue,
-or hunger or cold, while the horses trotted
-steadily homeward. The moon was a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>few days old, and it gave us light until we
-reached the top of the bluffs by the river
-and saw across the frozen stream the
-gleam from the fire-lit windows of the
-ranch-house.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span></div>
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>The Timber-wolf</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_051.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>IV<br /> <span class='large'>THE TIMBER-WOLF</span></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_053.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_053.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-There are two kinds of
-wolves found in the United
-States. One is the little
-coyote or prairie-wolf, or
-barking-wolf, which never
-was found in the Eastern States, being an
-animal of the open country; the other is
-the big wolf, and sometimes the timber-wolf or
-gray wolf, which was formerly found
-everywhere from the Atlantic to the
-Pacific. In some districts it runs to color
-varieties of different kinds—red, black,
-or white.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>
-<img src='images/i_054.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The coyote is not at all a formidable
-beast, and holds its own quite persistently
-until civilization is well advanced in a
-country. Coyotes are not dangerous to
-either man or the larger domestic animals.
-Lambs, young pigs, hens, and cats often
-become their prey, and if very hungry
-several of them will combine to attack a
-young calf. In consequence, farmers and
-ranchers kill them whenever the chance
-offers; but they do not do damage which
-is even appreciable when compared with
-the ravages of their grim big brother, the
-gray wolf, which in many sections of the
-West is a veritable scourge of the stockmen.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The big wolves shrink back before the
-growth of the thickly settled districts,
-and in the Eastern States they often tend
-to disappear even from districts that are
-uninhabited, save by a few wilderness
-hunters. They have thus disappeared
-almost entirely from Maine, the Adirondacks,
-and the Alleghanies, although here
-and there they are said to be returning to
-their old haunts.</p>
-<div id='fp_054'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_054.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>CANADIAN WOLVES AT AN INDIAN GRAVE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>
-<img src='images/i_055.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Their disappearance is rather mysterious
-in some instances, for they are certainly
-not all killed off. The black bear
-is much more easily killed, yet the black
-bear holds its own in many parts of the
-land from which the wolf has vanished.
-No animal is quite so difficult to kill as is
-the wolf, whether by poison or rifle or
-hound. Yet, after a comparatively few
-have been slain, the entire species will
-perhaps vanish from certain localities.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>But with all wild animals it is a noticeable
-fact that a course of conduct with
-man continuing over many generations of
-animal life causes a species so to adapt itself
-to its new surroundings that it ceases
-to diminish in numbers. When white
-men take up a new country, the game, and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>especially the big game, being entirely
-unused to contend with the new foe, succumbs
-easily, and it is almost completely
-killed out. If any individuals survive
-at all, however, the succeeding generations
-are far more difficult to exterminate
-than were their ancestors, and they cling
-much more tenaciously to their old homes.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_056.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The game to be found in old and long-settled
-countries is much more wary and
-able to take care of itself than the game
-of an untrodden wilderness. It is a very
-difficult matter to kill a Swiss chamois;
-but it is a very easy matter to kill a white
-goat after a hunter has once penetrated
-among the almost unknown peaks of the
-mountains of British Columbia. When the
-ranchmen first drove their cattle to
-the Little Missouri they found the deer
-tame and easy to kill, but the deer of
-Maine and the Adirondacks test to the full
-the highest skill of the hunter.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>
-<img src='images/i_057.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>In consequence, after a time, game may
-even increase in certain districts where
-settlements are thin. This has been true
-of the wolves throughout the northern
-cattle country in Montana, Wyoming,
-and the western ends of the Dakotas.
-In the old days wolves were very plentiful
-throughout this region, closely following
-the huge herds of buffaloes. The
-white men who followed these herds as
-professional buffalo-hunters were often
-accompanied by other men, known as
-“wolfers,” who poisoned these wolves for
-the sake of their furs. With the disappearance
-of the buffalo the wolves
-seemed so to diminish in numbers that
-they also seemed to disappear. During
-the last ten years their numbers have
-steadily increased, and now they seem to
-be as numerous as they ever were in the
-region in question, and they are infinitely
-more wary and more difficult to kill.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>
-<img src='images/i_058.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Along the Little Missouri their ravages
-were so serious from 1893 to 1897 as to
-cause heavy damage to the stockmen.
-Not only colts and calves, but young trail
-stock, and in midwinter even full-grown
-horses and steers, are continually slain;
-and in some seasons their losses have been
-so serious as to more than eat up all the
-profits of the ranchman. The county
-authorities put a bounty on wolf scalps of
-three dollars each, and in my own neighborhood
-the ranchmen of their own accord
-put on a further bounty of five
-dollars. This made eight dollars for
-every wolf, and as the skin is also worth
-something, the business of killing wolves
-was quite profitable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Wolves are very shy, and show extraordinary
-cunning both in hiding themselves
-and in slinking out of the way
-of the hunter. They are rarely killed
-with the rifle. I have never shot but one
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>myself. They are occasionally trapped,
-but after a very few have been procured
-in this way the survivors become so wary
-that it is almost impossible even for a
-master of the art to do much with them,
-while an ordinary man can never get one
-into a trap except by accident.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_059.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>More can be done with poison, but even
-in this case the animal speedily learns caution
-by experience. When poison is first
-used in a district wolves are very easily
-killed, and perhaps almost all of them will
-be slain, but nowadays it is difficult to
-catch any but young ones in this way.
-Occasionally an old one will succumb, but
-there are always some who cannot be
-persuaded to touch a bait. The old she-wolves
-teach their cubs, as soon as they
-are able to walk, to avoid man’s trace in
-every way, and to look out for traps and
-poison.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In consequence, though most cow-punchers
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>carry poison with them, and are
-continually laying out baits, and though
-some men devote most of their time to
-poisoning for the sake of the bounty and
-the fur, the results are not very remunerative.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_060.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The most successful wolf-hunter on the
-Little Missouri in 1896 was a man who
-did not rely on poison at all, but on dogs.
-He was a hunter named Massingale, and
-he always had a pack of at least twenty
-hounds. The number varied, for a wolf
-at bay is a terrible fighter, with jaws like
-those of a steel trap and teeth that cut
-like knives, so that the dogs were continually
- disabled and sometimes killed,
-and the hunter had always to be on the
-watch to add animals to his pack.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>It was not a pack that would appeal, as
-far as looks go, to an old huntsman, but
-it was thoroughly fitted for its own work.
-Most of the dogs were greyhounds, either
-rough or smooth haired, but many of
-them were big mongrels, and part some
-other breed, such as bull-dog, mastiff,
-Newfoundland, blood-hound, or collie.</p>
-<div id='fp_060'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_060.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>DOGS IN PURSUIT OF AN OLD WOLF</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>
-<img src='images/i_061.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The only two necessary requisites were
-that the dogs should run fast and fight
-gamely; and in consequence they formed
-as wicked, hard-biting a crew as ever ran
-down and throttled a wolf. They were
-usually taken out ten at a time, and by
-their aid Massingale killed two hundred
-wolves in the course of the year.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Of course there were no pretence of
-giving the game fair play. The wolves
-were killed as vermin, not for sport. The
-greatest havoc was in the spring-time,
-when the she-wolves were followed to
-their dens, which were sometimes holes
-in the earth and sometimes natural caves.
-There were from three to nine whelps in
-each litter. Some of the hounds were
-very fast, and they could usually overtake
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>a young or weak wolf; but an old
-wolf-dog, with a good start, unless run
-into at once, would surely get away if he
-were in a running trim. Frequently, however,
- he was caught when he was not in
-running trim, for the hunter was apt to
-find him when he had killed a calf or
-taken part in dragging down a horse or
-steer. Under these circumstances he
-could not run long before the pack.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_062.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>If possible, as with all such packs, the
-hunter himself would get up in time to
-end the worry by a stab of his hunting-knife;
- but unless he was quick he would
-have nothing to do, for the pack was
-thoroughly competent to do its own killing.
- Grim fighter though a great wolf-dog
- is, he stands no show before the
-onslaught, who rush on their antagonist
-in a body. They possessed great power
-in their jaws, and unless Massingale was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>up within two or three minutes after the
-wolf was taken, the dogs literally tore
-him to pieces, though one or more of
-their number might be killed or crippled
-in the fight.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_063.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_064.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Other hunters were striving to get together
-packs thoroughly organized, and
-the wolves may be thinned out; they
-were certainly altogether too plentiful.
-During the fall of 1896 I saw a number
-myself, although I was not looking for
-them.  I frequently came upon the remains
- of sheep and young stock which
-they had killed, and once, on the top of a
-small plateau, I found the body of a large
-steer, while the torn and trodden ground
-showed that he had fought hard for his
-life before succumbing. There were apparently
- two wolves engaged in the work,
-and the cunning beasts had evidently
-acted in concert. While one attracted
-the steer’s attention, the other, according
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>to the invariable wolf habit, attacked
-him from behind, hamstringing him and
-tearing out his flanks. His body was
-still warm when I came up, but his murderers
-had slunk off, either seeing or
-smelling me. Their handiwork was unmistakable,
-however, for, unlike bears
-and cougars, wolves invariably attack
-their victim at the hind-quarters, and begin
-their feast on the hams or flanks if
-the animal is of any size.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span></div>
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>Shooting the Prong-buck</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_065.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>V<br /> <span class='large'>SHOOTING THE PRONG-BUCK</span></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_067.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_067.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-For a few years before 1897,
-when I visited my cattle
-range I spent most of my
-time out on the great
-plains, where almost the
-only game that can be found is the
-prong-horned antelope; and as on such
-trips the party depends for fresh meat
-upon the rifle, I have on each occasion
-done a certain amount of antelope-shooting.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the old days, when antelope were far
-more plentiful than they are now, they
-could often be procured by luring them
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>with a red flag—for they are very inquisitive
-beasts—but now they have
-grown wary, and must usually be either
-stalked, which is very difficult, owing to
-their extreme keenness of vision and the
-absence of cover on the prairies, or else
-must be ridden into.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_068.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>With first-class greyhounds and good
-horses they can often be run down in fair
-chase; but ordinarily the rider can hope
-for nothing more than to get within fair
-shooting-range, and this only by taking
-advantage of their peculiarity of running
-straight ahead in the direction in which
-they are pointed when once they have
-settled to their pace. Usually antelope,
-as soon as they see a hunter, run straight
-away from him; but sometimes they make
-their flight at an angle, and as they do
-not like to change their course when once
-started, it is occasionally possible to cut
-them off from the point towards which
-they are headed, and get a reasonably
-close shot.</p>
-<div id='fp_068'  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/fp_068.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>STALKING BIG GAME</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span>
-<img src='images/i_069.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the fall of 1896 I spent a fortnight
-on the range with the ranch wagon. I
-was using for the first time one of the
-then new small-caliber, smokeless-powder
-rifles, a 30–30–160 Winchester. I had a
-half-jacketed bullet, the butt being cased
-in hard-metal, while the nose was of pure
-lead.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>While travelling to and fro across the
-range we usually broke camp each day,
-not putting up the tent at all during the
-trip; but at one spot we spent three nights.
-It was in a creek bottom, bounded on
-either side by rows of grassy hills, beyond
-which stretched the rolling prairie. The
-creek bed, which at this season was of
-course dry in most places, wound in
-S-shaped curves, with here and there a
-pool and here and there a fringe of stunted,
-wind-beaten timber. We were camped
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>near a little grove of ash, box-alder, and
-willow, which gave us shade at noonday;
-and there were two or three pools of good
-water in the creek bed—one so deep that
-I made it my swimming-bath.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_070.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The first day that I was able to make
-a hunt I rode out with my foreman,
-Sylvane Ferris. I was mounted on
-Muley. Twelve years before, when Muley
-was my favorite cutting-pony on the
-round-up, he never seemed to tire or to
-lose his dash, but Muley was now sixteen
-years old, and on ordinary occasions he
-liked to go as soberly as possible; yet the
-good old pony still had the fire latent in
-his blood, and at the sight of game—or,
-indeed, of cattle or horses—he seemed to
-regain for the time being all the headlong
-courage of his vigorous and supple
-youth.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>On the morning in question it was two
-or three hours before Sylvane and I saw
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>any game. Our two ponies went steadily
-forward at a single foot or shack, as the
-cow-punchers term what Easterners call
-“a fox trot.” Most of the time we were
-passing over immense grassy flats, where
-the mats of short curled blades lay brown
-and parched under the bright sunlight.
-Occasionally we came to ranges of low,
-barren hills, which sent off gently rounding
-spurs into the plain.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_071.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>It was on one of these ranges that we
-first saw our game. As we were travelling
-along the divide we spied eight antelope
-far ahead of us. They saw us as soon as
-we saw them, and the chance of getting
-to them seemed small; but it was worth
-an effort, for by humoring them when
-they start to run, and galloping towards
-them at an oblique angle to their line
-of flight, there is always some little chance
-of getting a shot. Sylvane was on a light
-buckskin horse, and I left him on the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>ridge crest to occupy their time while I
-cantered off to one side.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_072.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The prong-horns became uneasy as I
-galloped off, and ran off the ridge crest in
-a line nearly parallel to mine. They did
-not go very fast, and I held Muley in, who
-was all on fire at the sight of the game.
-After crossing two or three spurs, the
-antelope going at half speed, they found
-I had come closer to them, and, turning,
-they ran up one of the valleys between
-two spurs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Now was my chance, and, wheeling at
-right angles to my former course, I
-galloped Muley as hard as I knew how up
-the valley nearest and parallel to where
-the antelope had gone. The good old
-fellow ran like a quarter-horse, and when
-we were almost at the main ridge crest
-I leaped off, and ran ahead with my rifle
-at the ready, crouching down as I came
-to the sky-line.  Usually on such occasions
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>I find that the antelope have gone
-on, and merely catch a glimpse of them
-half a mile distant, but on this occasion
-everything went right. The band had
-just reached the ridge crest about two
-hundred and twenty yards from me across
-the head of the valley, and I halted for a
-moment to look around. They were starting
-as I raised my rifle, but the trajectory
-is very flat with these small-bore smokeless-powder
-weapons, and taking a coarse
-front sight I fired at a young buck which
-stood broadside to me. There was no
-smoke, and as the band raced away I
-saw him sink backward, the ball having
-broken his hip.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_073.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>We packed him bodily behind Sylvane
-on the buckskin and continued our ride,
-as there was no fresh meat in camp, and
-we wished to bring in a couple of bucks if
-possible. For two or three hours we saw
-nothing. The unshod feet of the horses
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>made hardly any noise on the stretches of
-sun-cured grass, but now and then we
-passed through patches of thin weeds,
-their dry stalks rattling curiously, making
-a sound like that of a rattlesnake. At
-last, coming over a gentle rise of ground,
-we spied two more antelopes, half a mile
-ahead of us and to our right.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_074.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Again there seemed small chance of
-bagging our quarry, but again fortune
-favored us. I at once cantered Muley
-ahead, not towards them, so as to pass
-them well on one side. After some hesitation
-they started, not straightaway,
-but at an angle to my own course. For
-some moments I kept at a hand-gallop,
-until they got thoroughly settled in their
-line of flight; then I touched Muley, and
-he went as hard as he knew how.</p>
-<div id='fp_074'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_074.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>“‘I LEAPED OFF, AND HELD WELL AHEAD OF THE REARMOST AND LARGEST BUCK’”</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>
-<img src='images/i_075.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Immediately the two panic-stricken
-and foolish beasts seemed to feel that I
-was cutting off their line of retreat, and
-raced forward at mad speed. They went
-much faster than I did, but I had the
-shorter course, and when they crossed
-me they were not fifty yards ahead—by
-which time I had come nearly a mile.
-Muley stopped short, like the trained cow-pony
-he was; I leaped off, and held well
-ahead of the rearmost and largest buck.
-At the crack of the little rifle down he
-went with his neck broken. In a minute
-or two he was packed behind me on
-Muley, and we bent our steps towards
-camp.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>During the remainder of my trip we
-were never out of fresh meat, for I shot
-three other bucks—one after a smart
-chase on horseback, and the other two
-after careful stalks.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The game being both scarce and shy,
-I had to exercise much care, and after
-sighting a band I would sometimes have
-to wait and crawl round for two or three
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>hours before they would get into a position
-where I had any chance of approaching.
-Even then they were more
-apt to see me and go off than I was to
-get near them.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_076.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Antelope are the only game that can
-be hunted as well at noonday as in the
-morning or evening, for their times for
-sleeping and feeding are irregular. They
-never seek shelter from the sun, and when
-they lie down for a noonday nap they are
-apt to choose a hollow, so as to be out of
-the wind; in consequence, if the band is
-seen at all at this time, it is easier to
-approach them than when they are up
-and feeding.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>They sometimes come down to water
-in the middle of the day, sometimes in the
-morning or evening. On this trip I came
-across bands feeding and resting at almost
-every time of the day. They seemed
-usually to feed for a couple of hours, then
-rest for a couple of hours, then begin
-feeding again.</p>
-<div id='fp_076'  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/fp_076.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>A WOUNDED ANTELOPE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>
-<img src='images/i_077.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The last shot I got was when I was out
-with Joe Ferris, in whose company I had
-killed my first buffalo, just thirteen years
-before, and not very far from the spot I
-then was at. We had seen two or three
-bands that morning, and in each case,
-after a couple of hours of useless effort,
-I failed to get near enough. At last,
-towards mid-day, we got within range of
-a small band lying down in a little cup-shaped
-hollow in the middle of a great flat.
-I did not have a close shot, for they were
-running about one hundred and eighty
-yards off. The buck was rear-most, and
-at him I aimed; the bullet struck him in
-the flank, coming out of the opposite
-shoulder, and he fell in his next bound.
-As we stood over him, Joe shook his head,
-and said, “I guess that little 30–30 is the
-ace”; and I told him I guessed so too.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span></div>
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>A Tame White Goat</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_079.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>VI<br /> <span class='large'>A TAME WHITE GOAT</span></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_081.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_081.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-One of the queerest wild
-beasts in North America
-is the so-called white goat.
-It is found all along the
-highest peaks of the Rocky
-Mountains from Alaska into Montana,
-Idaho, and Washington. Really it is not
-a goat at all, but a kind of mountain-antelope,
-whose nearest kinsfolk are certain
-Asiatic antelopes found in the Himalayas.
-It is a squat, powerfully built,
-and rather clumsy-looking animal, about
-as heavy as a good-sized deer, but not as
-tall. It is pure white in color, except
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>that its hoofs, horns, and muzzle are jet
-black. In winter its fleece is very long,
-and at that time it wears a long beard,
-which makes it look still more like a goat.
-It has a very distinct hump on the
-shoulders, and the head is usually carried
-low.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_082.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>White goats are quite as queer in their
-habits as in their looks. They delight in
-cold, and, except in the northernmost
-portion of their range, they keep to the
-very tops of the mountains; and at mid-day,
-if the sun is at all powerful, retire to
-caves to rest themselves. They have the
-very curious habit of sitting up on their
-haunches, in the attitude of a dog begging,
-when looking about for any foe whose
-presence they suspect. They are wonderful
-climbers, although they have no
-liveliness or agility of movement; their
-surefootedness and remarkable strength
-enable them to go up or down seemingly
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>impossible places. Their great round
-hoofs, with sharp-cut edges, can grip the
-slightest projection in the rocks, and no
-precipice or ice-wall has any terror for
-them. At times they come quite low towards
-the foot-hills, usually to visit some
-mineral lick, but generally they are found
-only in the very high broken ground,
-among stupendous crags and precipices.
-They are self-confident, rather stupid
-beasts, and as they are accustomed to
-look for danger only from below, it is an
-easy matter to approach them if once the
-hunter is able to get above them; but they
-live in such inaccessible places that their
-pursuit entails great labor and hardship.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_083.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Their sharp black horns are eight or ten
-inches long, with points like needles, and
-their necks are thick and muscular, so
-that they are dangerous enemies for any
-foe to handle at close quarters; and they
-know their capacities very well, and are
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>confident in their prowess, often preferring
-to stand and fight a dog or wolf
-rather than to try to run. Nevertheless,
-though they are such wicked and resolute
-fighters, they have not a few enemies.
-The young kids are frequently carried off
-by eagles, and mountain-lions, wolves,
-and occasionally even wolverenes prey on
-the grown animals whenever they venture
-down out of their inaccessible resting-places
-to prowl along the upper edges of
-the timber or on the open terraces of grass
-and shrubby mountain plants. If a goat
-is on its guard, and can get its back to a
-rock, both wolf and panther will fight
-shy of facing the thrust of the dagger-like
-horns; but the beasts of prey are so much
-more agile and stealthy that if they can
-get a goat in the open or take it by surprise,
-they can readily pull it down.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_084.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>I have several times shot white goats
-for the sake of the trophies afforded by
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span>the horns and skins, but I have never
-gone after them much, as the work is
-very severe, and the flesh usually affords
-poor eating, being musky, as there is a
-big musk-pod situated between the ear
-and the horn. Only a few of the old-time
-hunters knew anything about white
-goats; and even nowadays there are not
-very many men who go into their haunts
-as a steady thing; but the settlers who
-live high up in the mountains do come
-across them now and then, and they
-occasionally have odd stories to relate
-about them.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_085.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>One was told to me by an old fellow
-who had a cabin on one of the tributaries
-that ran into Flathead Lake. He had
-been off prospecting for gold in the mountains
-early one spring. The life of a
-prospector is very hard. He goes alone,
-and in these northern mountains he
-cannot take with him the donkey which
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>towards the south is his almost invariable
-companion and beast of burden; the
-tangled forests of the northern ranges
-make it necessary for him to trust only
-to his own power as a pack-bearer, and
-he carries merely what he takes on his
-own shoulders.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_086.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The old fellow in question had been
-out for a month before the snow was all
-gone, and his dog, a large and rather
-vicious hound, to which he was greatly
-attached, accompanied him. When his
-food gave out he was working his way
-back towards Flathead Lake, and struck
-a stream, on which he found an old
-dugout canoe, deserted the previous
-fall by some other prospector or prospectors.
-Into this he got, with his
-traps and his dog, and started down-stream.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>
-<img src='images/i_087.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>On the morning of the second day,
-while rounding a point of land, he suddenly came upon two white goats, a female
-and a little kid, evidently but a few
-weeks old, standing right by the stream.
-As soon as they saw him they turned and
-galloped clumsily off towards the foot of
-the precipice. As he was in need of meat,
-he shoved ashore and ran after the fleeing
-animals with his rifle, while the dog galloped
-in front. Just before reaching the
-precipice the dog overtook the goats.
-When he was almost up, however, the
-mother goat turned suddenly around,
-while the kid stopped short behind her,
-and she threatened the dog with lowered
-head. After a second’s hesitation the
-dog once more resumed his gallop, and
-flung himself full on the quarry. It was
-a fatal move. As he gave his last leap,
-the goat, bending her head down sideways,
-struck viciously, so that one horn
-slipped right up to the root into the dog’s
-chest. The blow was mortal, and the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>dog barely had time to give one yelp before
-his life passed.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_088.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>It was, however, several seconds before
-the goat could disengage its head from
-its adversary, and by that time the enraged
-hunter was close at hand, and with
-a single bullet avenged the loss of his dog.
-When the goat fell, however, he began to
-feel a little ashamed, thinking of the
-gallant fight she had made for herself
-and kid, and he did not wish to harm the
-latter. So he walked forward, trying to
-scare it away; but the little thing stood
-obstinately near its dead mother, and
-butted angrily at him as he came up.
-It was far too young to hurt him in any
-way, and he was bound not to hurt it,
-so he sat down beside it and smoked a
-pipe.</p>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>
-<img src='images/i_089.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>When he got up it seemed to have
-become used to his presence, and no
-longer showed any hostility. For some
-seconds he debated what to do, fearing
-lest it might die if left alone; then he came
-to the conclusion that it was probably
-old enough to do without its mother’s
-milk, and would have at least a chance
-for its life if left to itself. Accordingly, he
-walked towards the boat; but he soon
-found it was following him. He tried
-to frighten it back, but it belonged to
-much too stout-hearted a race to yield
-to pretence, and on it came after him.
-When he reached the boat, after some
-hesitation he put the little thing in and
-started down-stream. At first the motion
-of the boat startled it, and it jumped
-right out into the water. When he got
-it back, it again jumped out, on to a
-bowlder. On being replaced the second
-time, it made no further effort to escape;
-but it puzzled him now and then by suddenly
-standing up with its fore-feet on
-the very rim of the ticklish dugout, so
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>that he had to be very careful how he
-balanced. Finally, however, it got used
-to the motion of the canoe, and it was
-then a very contented and amusing
-passenger.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_090.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The last part of the journey, after its
-owner abandoned the canoe, was performed
-with the kid slung on his back.
-Of course it again at first objected strenuously
-to this new mode of progress,
-but in time it became quite reconciled,
-and accepted the situation philosophically.
-When the prospector reached his
-cabin his difficulties were at an end. The
-little goat had fallen off very much in
-flesh; for though it would browse of its
-own accord around the camp at night, it
-was evidently too young to take to the
-change kindly.</p>
-<div id='fp_090'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_090.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>FINALLY THE GOAT GOT USED TO THE MOTION OF THE CANOE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>
-<img src='images/i_091.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Before reaching the cabin, however,
-it began to pick up again, and it soon
-became thoroughly at home amid its
-new surroundings. It was very familiar,
-not only with the prospector, but with
-strangers, and evidently regarded the
-cabin as a kind of safety spot. Though
-it would stray off into the surrounding
-woods, it never ventured farther than
-two or three hundred yards, and after an
-absence of half an hour or so at the
-longest, it would grow alarmed, and come
-back at full speed, bounding along like
-a wild buck through the woods, until it
-reached what it evidently deemed its
-haven of refuge.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Its favorite abode was the roof of the
-cabin, at one corner of which, where the
-projecting ends of the logs were uneven,
-it speedily found a kind of ladder, up
-which it would climb until the roof was
-reached. Sometimes it would promenade
-along the ridge, and at other times mount
-the chimney, which it would hastily
-abandon, however, when a fire was lit.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>The presence of a dog always resulted in
-immediate flight, first to the roof, and
-then to the chimney; and when it came
-inside the cabin it was fond of jumping on
-a big wooden shelf above the fireplace,
-which served as a mantel-piece.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_092.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>If teased it was decidedly truculent;
-but its tameness and confidence, and the
-quickness with which it recognized any
-friend, made it a great favorite, not only
-with the prospector, but with his few
-neighbors. However, the little thing did
-not live very long. Whether it was the
-change of climate or something wrong
-with its food, when the hot weather came
-on it pined gradually away, and one
-morning it was found dead, lying on its
-beloved roof-tree. The prospector had
-grown so fond of it that, as he told me,
-he gave it a burial “just as if it were a
-Christian.”</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span></div>
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>Ranching</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_093.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>VII<br /> <span class='large'>RANCHING</span></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_095.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_095.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-There are in every community
-young men to
-whom life at the desk or
-behind the counter is unutterably
-dreary and unattractive,
-and who long for some out-of-door
-occupation which shall, if possible,
-contain a spice of excitement. These
-young men can be divided into two
-classes—first, those who, if they get a
-chance to try the life for which they long,
-will speedily betray their utter inability
-to lead it; and, secondly, those who
-possess the physical capacity and the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>peculiar mental make-up necessary for
-success in an employment far out of the
-usual paths of civilized occupations. A
-great many of these young men think of
-ranching as a business which they might
-possibly take up, and what I am about
-to say<a id='r1'></a><a href='#f1' class='c015'><sup>[1]</sup></a> is meant as much for a warning
-to one class as for advice to the other.</p>
-
-<div class='footnote' id='f1'>
-<p class='c008'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. Written in 1896.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_096.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Ranching is a rather indefinite term.
-In a good many parts of the West a ranch
-simply means a farm; but I shall not use
-it in this sense, since the advantages and
-disadvantages of a farmer’s life, whether
-it be led in New Jersey or Iowa, have
-often been dwelt upon by men infinitely
-more competent than I am to pass judgment.
-Accordingly, when I speak of
-ranching I shall mean some form of stock-raising
-or sheep-farming as practised now
-in the wilder parts of the United States,
-where there is still plenty of land which,
-because of the lack of rainfall, is not very
-productive for agricultural purposes.</p>
-<div id='fp_096'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_096.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>COW-BOY AMUSEMENTS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>
-<img src='images/i_097.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The first thing to be remembered by
-any boy or young man who wishes to go
-West and start life on a cattle ranch,
-horse ranch, or sheep ranch is that he
-must know the business thoroughly before
-he can earn any salary to speak of, still
-less start out on his own accord. A
-great many young fellows apparently
-think that a cow-boy is born and not made,
-and that in order to become one all they
-have to do is to wish very hard to be one.
-Now, as a matter of fact, a young fellow
-trained as a book-keeper would take quite
-as long to learn the trade of a cow-boy
-as the average cow-boy would take to
-learn the trade of book-keeper. The first
-thing that the beginner anywhere in the
-wilder parts of the West has to learn is
-the capacity to stand monotony, fatigue,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>and hardship; the next thing is to learn
-the nature of the country.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_098.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>A young fellow from the East who has
-been brought up on a farm, or who has
-done hard manual labor as a machinist,
-need not go through a novitiate of manual
-labor in order to get accustomed to the
-roughness that such labor implies; but
-a boy just out of a high-school, or a
-young clerk, will have to go through just
-such a novitiate before he will be able to
-command a dollar’s pay. Both alike will
-have to learn the nature of the country,
-and this can only be learned by actual
-experience on the ground.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Again, the beginner must remember
-that though there is occasional excitement
-and danger in a ranchman’s life,
-it is only occasional, while the monotony
-of hard and regular toil is not often
-broken. Except in the matter of fresh
-air and freedom from crowding, a small
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>ranchman often leads a life of as grinding
-hardness as the average dweller in a New
-York tenement-house. His shelter is a
-small log hut, or possibly a dugout in the
-side of a bank, or in summer a shabby
-tent. For food he will have to depend
-mainly on the bread of his own baking,
-on fried fat pork, and on coffee or tea
-with sugar and no milk. Of course he
-will occasionally have some canned stuff
-or potatoes. The furniture of the hut is
-of the roughest description—a roll of
-blankets for bedding, a bucket, a tin
-wash-basin, and a tin mug, with perhaps
-a cracked looking-glass four inches square.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_099.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>He will not have much society of any
-kind, and the society he does have is not
-apt to be over-refined. If he is a lad of a
-delicate, shrinking nature and fastidious
-habits, he will find much that is uncomfortable,
-and will need to show no small
-amount of pluck and fortitude if he is to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>hold his own. The work, too, is often
-hard and often wearisome from mere
-sameness. It is generally done on horseback
-even on a sheep ranch, and always
-on a cow ranch. The beginner must
-learn to ride with indifference all kinds of
-rough and dangerous horses before he
-will be worth his keep.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_100.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>With all this before him, the beginner
-will speedily find out that life on a
-Western ranch is very far from being a
-mere holiday. A young man who desires
-to start in the life ought, if possible, to
-have with him a little money—just
-enough to keep body and soul together—until
-he can gain a foothold somewhere.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>No specific directions can be given him
-as to where to start. Wyoming, most
-of Montana, the western edge of the
-Dakotas, western Texas, and some portions
-of the Rocky Mountain States still
-offer chances for a man to go into the
-ranch business. In different seasons in
-the different localities business may be
-good or bad, and it would be impossible
-to tell where was the best place to start.</p>
-<div id='fp_100'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_100.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>TAILING A BULL</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>
-<img src='images/i_101.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Wherever the beginner goes, he ought
-to make up his mind at the outset to
-start by doing any kind of work he can.
-Let him chop wood, hoe, do any chore
-that will bring him in twenty-five cents.
-If he is once able to start by showing that
-he is willing to work hard and do something,
-he can probably get employment of
-some kind, although this employment will
-almost certainly be very ill paid and not
-attractive. Perhaps it will be to dig in
-a garden, or to help one of the men drive
-oxen, or to do the heavy work around
-camp for some party of cow-punchers or
-lumberers. Whatever it is, let the boy
-go at it with all his might, and at the
-same time take every opportunity to get
-acquainted with the kind of life which he
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>intends ultimately to lead. If he wishes
-to try to ride a horse, he will have
-every chance, if for no other reason than
-that he will continually meet men whose
-ideas of fun are met by the spectacle of a
-tenderfoot on a bucking bronco.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_102.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>By degrees he will learn a good deal of
-the ways of the life and of the country.
-Then he must snatch the first chance that
-offers itself to take a position in connection
-with the regular work of a ranch.
-He may be employed as a regular hand to
-help cook on the ranch wagon, or taken
-by a shepherd to do the hard and dirty
-work which the shepherd would like to
-put off on somebody else. When he has
-once got as far as this his rise is certain,
-if he is not afraid of labor, and keeps a
-lookout for the opportunities that offer.
-After a while he will have a horse himself,
-and he will be employed as a second-rate
-man to do the ordinary ranch work.</p>
-<div id='fp_102'  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/fp_102.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic002'>
-<p>“THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF EXCITING GALLOPING”</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>
-<img src='images/i_103.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Work on a sheep ranch is less attractive,
-but more profitable than on any
-other. A good deal of skill must be
-shown by the shepherd in managing his
-flock and in handling the sheep dogs;
-but ordinarily it is appallingly dreary
-to sit all day long in the sun, or loll about
-in the saddle, watching the flocks of
-fleecy idiots. In time of storm he must
-work like a demon and know exactly
-what to do, or his whole flock will die
-before his eyes, sheep being as tender as
-horses and cattle are tough.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>With the work of a cow ranch or horse
-ranch there comes more excitement.
-Every man on such a ranch has a string
-of eight or ten horses for his own riding,
-and there is a great deal of exciting
-galloping and hot riding across the plains;
-and the work in a stampede at night, or
-in line-riding during the winter, or in
-breaking the fierce little horses to the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>saddle, is as exciting as it is hard and
-dangerous.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_104.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The wilder phases of the life, however,
-are steadily passing away. Almost everywhere
-great wire fences are being put up,
-and no small part of the cow-boy’s duty
-nowadays is to ride along the line of a
-fence and repair it wherever broken.
-Moreover, at present [1896] the business
-of cattle or horse raising on the plains
-does not pay well, and, except in peculiar
-cases, can hardly be recommended
-to a boy ambitious for his future.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>So much for the unattractive reality
-of ranch life. It would be unfair not to
-point out that it has a very attractive
-side also. If the boy is fond of open-air
-exercise, and willing to risk tumbles that
-may break an occasional bone, and to
-endure at need heat and cold, hunger and
-thirst, he will find much that is pleasant
-in the early mornings on the great plains,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>particularly on the rare days when he
-is able to take a few hours’ holiday to
-go with his shot-gun after prairie-chickens
-or ducks, or, perchance, to ride out with
-a Winchester rifle to a locality where on
-one of his working days he has seen a
-small band of antelope standing in the
-open, or caught a glimpse of a deer
-bounding through the brush. There is
-little temptation to spend money, unless
-he is addicted to the coarsest kind of
-dissipation, and after a few years the
-young fellow ought to have some hundreds
-of dollars laid aside. By this
-time he should know all about the
-business and the locality, and should
-be able to gauge just what he can accomplish.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_105.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>For a year or two perhaps he can try to
-run a little outfit of his own in connection
-with his work on a big ranch. Then he
-will abandon the latter and start out entirely
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>on his own account. Disaster may
-overtake him, as it may overtake any
-business man; but if he wins success, even
-though of a moderate kind, he has a
-pleasant life before him, riding about over
-the prairie among his own horses or cattle
-or sheep, occasionally taking a day
-off to go after game, and, while working
-hard, not having to face the mere drudgery
-which he had to encounter as a
-tyro.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id001'>
-<img src='images/i_106.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The chances are very small that he will
-ever gain great wealth; and when he
-marries and has children of his own there
-are many uncomfortable problems to face,
-the chief being that of schools; but for a
-young man in good health and of adventurous
-temper the life is certainly pleasanter
-than that of one cooped up in the
-counting-room, and while it is not one to
-be sought save by the very few who have
-natural liking for it, and a natural
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>capacity to enjoy it and profit by it, still
-for these few people it remains one of
-the most attractive forms of existence
-in America.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id001'>
-<img src='images/i_107.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
-    <div>THE END</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c004' />
-</div>
-<div class='tnotes x-ebookmaker chapter'>
-
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
- <ol class='ol_1 c003'>
-    <li>Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.
-
-    </li>
-    <li>Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
-    </li>
-  </ol>
-
-</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOOD HUNTING; ***</div>
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