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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77234ca --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #67367 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67367) diff --git a/old/67367-0.txt b/old/67367-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 963c2f8..0000000 --- a/old/67367-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,576 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Importance of Marking Historic -Spots, an Address, by Henry W. Shoemaker - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Importance of Marking Historic Spots, an Address - -Author: Henry W. Shoemaker - -Release Date: February 9, 2022 [eBook #67367] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The - Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKING -HISTORIC SPOTS, AN ADDRESS *** - - - - - - The Importance of - Marking Historic Spots - - An Address - By HENRY W. SHOEMAKER - - - [Illustration] - - - At Dedication of Marker - Nittany Furnace, Near State College, Pa. - October 30, 1922 - - - _Tribune Press_ [Illustration] _Altoona_ - - - - - The Importance of Marking Historic Spots - - An Address by Henry W. Shoemaker - - -DR. SPARKS, DEAN WATTS, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: - -Probably the first attempts at marking historic spots in Pennsylvania -were made by the Indians many centuries ago. We of today are merely -followers in their footsteps. Two of the most conspicuous examples -are the hieroglyphic rocks on the Allegheny River, near Franklin, -formerly called “Venango”, in Venango County, and the so-called -Picture Rocks on Muncy Creek, in Lycoming County. Both were said to -commemorate military victories, though the rocks on the Allegheny River -were chiselled at a much earlier period than the mural paintings of -Muncy Creek. The hieroglyphics are crude affairs, but the painting -on the “Picture Rocks” were said to be of rare beauty and marvelous -coloration. The rocks of the Allegheny River will defy time, but the -rapacious lumbermen who insisted on running logs off the mountain top -above the “Picture Rocks” at that particular spot destroyed forever -this master-work of the redman’s artistry. Unfortunately we do not -know the particular events which these early memorials were supposed -to commemorate. All is shrouded in mystery so that the mere event of -erecting and dedicating a marker does not insure its legend being -permanent. When the white men came on the scene the Indians renewed -their earlier custom of carefully marking historic spots in several -gruesome manners. After Major Grant’s defeat in 1757 in Western -Pennsylvania the victorious Indians (they were on that occasion -worthy of the appellation of savages) took particular pleasure in -beheading all dead Highlanders who had participated in that unpleasant -engagement, and impaling their heads, draped with caps and kilts, on -the stakes which marked their race ground, as they called the path -where they made their enemies run the gauntlet, near the stockade -of Fort Duquesne. This was their way of marking an historic spot, -and it was also a war memorial to the Highlanders who they looked -upon as their most dogged and unflinching foes. There was a kindly, -almost fraternal feeling born of the hardships of forest life among -Virginians, Royal Americans and Pennsylvania Riflemen recruited largely -among the borderers and the redmen, but the Highlanders looked upon the -Indians with an uncompromising hatred, and would give no quarter. When -General Forbes’ Scotch regiments approached the scene of this grisly -memorial several months later they were shocked at the sight which met -their eyes; there was too much realism displayed by the Indians in -their choice of materials to mark that particular historic spot. It was -the same as if the Allies had used German skulls instead of helmets to -celebrate their victories! The Indians also had a habit of marking the -spots near where they scalped white victims, their method being to sink -a tomahawk into the branches or trunk of a large tree for every white -man scalped. Peter Grove, the Ranger, tells of surprising an Indian -scalping party asleep under a giant oak on the banks of Sinnemahoning -Creek, in what is now Grove Township, Cameron County. On a branch -which overhung the stream nine tomahawks were imbedded. Another method -was to cut a nick or blaze in the tree, and the white men went them -one better by “nicking” their rifles and pistols. The venerable W. H. -Sanderson, who resides near Mill Hall, Clinton County, says that he -recalls that the rifle belonging to his grandfather, the noted scout -and scalp-hunter, Robert Couvenhoven, who died in 1846, had thirteen -nicks on the stock. It is generally supposed that Couvenhoven slew at -least twice that number of redskins, as the bounty on Indian scalps was -around $150 for an adult male and $50 for females and children, but -he may have changed rifles as time went on. As Indians became scarcer -and bounty funds non-available, the early white hunters adopted some -of their tactics by blazing trees where they had made a big general -killing of game or else some particularly large elk or bear. They -also nicked their rifles to mark the number of deer put to sleep. It -was these sanguinary forms of human achievement which seemed alone -worthy of commemoration in the bold life of the frontier. Little care -was taken to distinguish the graves of the dead, at first a heap of -stones to keep off wolves, later a stake, a shingle or a chunk of rough -mountain stone seemed enough to mark the last resting places of the -departed. In fact, there was an awful vacuum of nearly a century before -marking historic spots came back into vogue in Pennsylvania, when -there were no battles or butcheries, or big game slaughters worthy of -perpetuation. Even the Civil War did not kindle the spirit of statues, -markers and monuments to Pennsylvanians at once, not until other -States began erecting monuments at Gettysburg, and then Pennsylvania -lagged lamentably. However, when at length the historic spirit was -kindled the fervor of the people have exceeded all bounds. Pennsylvania -is fast becoming the State of Memorials, and most of them are well -worth while. Apart from the magnificent statues and other memorials -at Gettysburg, Civil War heroes are remembered in all the cities of -the State. Individual efforts, or local skirmishes are also fittingly -commemorated like the “high water mark” of General Pickett’s charge at -Gettysburg, and the “Furthest East” memorial at Wrightsville, formerly -Dagonoga, where the Pennsylvania Volunteers held back General Gordon’s -cavalry until the bridge across the Susquehanna was fired, and the -valuable stores in Lancaster County saved from the Confederate hordes. -Churches all over the State contain medallions, tablets and stained -glass windows in memory of devoted pastors, church workers and churchly -benefactors. Schools perpetuate the names of popular teachers, or great -men, by their names, or by tablets placed in the halls or corridors. -Hon. Gifford Pinchot wisely created the plan of naming groves of -ancient trees after historic characters, like Alan Seeger Park, Joyce -Kilmer Park and Dr. J. T. Rothrock Forest. But we are here today to -speak of the most permanent form of all historical commemorating, the -marking of historical spots. It is not battlegrounds alone that will -tell the history of our people in the years to come, but the landmarks -of domestic activity, commerce and manufactures. It is fitting that an -important stage in the industrial development of Pennsylvania, like -the charcoal iron furnaces should be marked. Every one of them, as far -as known, should be as adequately commemorated as is this one here -today. It is astonishing how little is known concerning the charcoal -iron industry, which is only now going out of existence. Centre County -had one or two of these old furnaces, notably the one at Curtin, in -operation until very recently. No general comprehensive history of -this industry has ever been published; it is kept alive by fragments -of history, fugitive literary pieces, tradition, that is about all. -Yet it was not only important commercially, but historically valuable -and picturesque from a social and literary viewpoint. These feudal -lords, the Ironmasters, were the big men of their day, the Schwabs, -Donners and Replogles of an earlier generation, yet how few of their -names remain. It was timely to mark this old furnace, to save it from -oblivion by reviewing its history and to inspire other communities to -do likewise. Some are of unknown locations, and their names only remain -on bits of old stove plates. There is a rich field of research for the -antiquarian and writer, just to confine himself to the history of this -charcoal iron industry. - -Perhaps the great American novel, the great Pennsylvania novel at any -rate, will be a story laid about one of the baronial estates of the old -Ironmasters. Was ever a more delightful, or perennially interesting -book written than Georges Ohnet’s novel, “Le Maitre des Forges”, -translated into English as “The Ironmaster”? It was even more popular -some years ago than today, for it was dramatized and played all over -the United States, rivaling “The Lights o’ London” as a melodramatic -success, and was also the name of a noted race horse. Surely this -great novel of Pennsylvania will take its plot from the lives of our -early Ironmasters, or in some sketch of Indian forays along the Blue -Mountains of Berks County during the French and Indian War. If marking -these old furnaces begets the great novel, then those devoted souls -concerned in marking this historic spot today have builded better than -they knew. It will serve as a landmark to link the earlier days of -this part of Centre County, with its busy, teeming present, the great -intense life of State College, and the industry of the olden times. -They have one point in common. Old Nittany Mountain looks down on -both, impartial in shedding her glories of sunlight and shade. Nittany -Mountain is feminine, for she is named not for an Indian chief, but -for two beautiful Indian maidens named Nita-nee, one a great war queen -of the very long ago, the other a humbler maiden who lived not far -from Penn’s Cave, and was loved and lost by Malachi Boyer, a Huguenot -pioneer from Lancaster County. And in closing let us say we hear a -lot about a so-called Nittany Lion. Do we not mean “Mountain Lion” or -panther, for in the old days the panther, or Pennsylvania lion, was -very much in evidence hereabouts, roaring terribly at night from the -mountain tops, answering one another from Tussey Knob, the Bald Top -and Mount Nittany. It is the noble supple animal, the Pennsylvania -king of beasts, and not the shaggy African man-eater, that should be -the patron of the courage, force and persistence of our State College -youth. If you are not sure of what it looked like, there is a finely -mounted specimen in old “College Hall”. Let us follow in history’s -paths, marking the worthy footsteps of our predecessors where they have -builded wisely, and always conforming to local color, local traditions, -local pride, so that we may in our turn re-enact the splendid chain -of destiny from redmen to pioneers, from farms, furnaces and mills, -down to the great day of this locality when State College shall have -realized the ideal of her founders, as the foremost inland school of -learning. And every step made in that direction should be marked, -as her leading friends and sons have done with the scene of this -old-time industrial plant and furnace. All these are mile-stones in -the greatness of Centre County and Penn State, in the creation of a -definite tradition and legend, which shall be her crown. - - [Illustration] - - - * * * * * - - - Transcriber’s Notes: - - ――Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). - - ――Obvious spelling inaccuracies were silently corrected. - - ――Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved. - - ――Punctuation and grammar were retained as in the original. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKING -HISTORIC SPOTS, AN ADDRESS *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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Shoemaker</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Importance of Marking Historic Spots, an Address</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Henry W. Shoemaker</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: February 9, 2022 [eBook #67367]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKING HISTORIC SPOTS, AN ADDRESS ***</div> - - -<div class="figcenter" id="cover"> - <img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover" title="cover" /> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h1 class="nobreak">The Importance of<br /> -Marking Historic Spots</h1> - -<p class="noi subtitle">An Address</p> - -<p class="noi author">By HENRY W. SHOEMAKER</p> - -<div class="pad4"> -<div class="figcenter" id="i_titlepg"> - <img class="illowe16" src="images/i_titlepg.jpg" - alt="marker site" title="marker site" /> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noic">At Dedication of Marker<br /> -Nittany Furnace, Near State College, Pa.<br /> -October 30, 1922</p> - -<p class="p2 noi works"><i>Tribune Press</i> - <img class="illowe3" src="images/logo.jpg" - alt="printer deco" title="printer deco" /> -<i>Altoona</i></p> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Marking">The Importance of Marking<br /> -Historic Spots</h2> -</div> - -<p class="noi author">An Address by Henry W. Shoemaker</p> - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<p class="p2 noi"><span class="smcap">Dr. Sparks, Dean Watts, Ladies and Gentlemen</span>:</p> - -<p>Probably the first attempts at marking historic spots in -Pennsylvania were made by the Indians many centuries ago. -We of today are merely followers in their footsteps. Two of the -most conspicuous examples are the hieroglyphic rocks on the -Allegheny River, near Franklin, formerly called “Venango”, in -Venango County, and the so-called Picture Rocks on Muncy -Creek, in Lycoming County. Both were said to commemorate -military victories, though the rocks on the Allegheny River were -chiselled at a much earlier period than the mural paintings of -Muncy Creek. The hieroglyphics are crude affairs, but the -painting on the “Picture Rocks” were said to be of rare beauty -and marvelous coloration. The rocks of the Allegheny River -will defy time, but the rapacious lumbermen who insisted on -running logs off the mountain top above the “Picture Rocks” at -that particular spot destroyed forever this master-work of the -redman’s artistry. Unfortunately we do not know the particular -events which these early memorials were supposed to commemorate. -All is shrouded in mystery so that the mere event of erecting -and dedicating a marker does not insure its legend being -permanent. When the white men came on the scene the Indians -renewed their earlier custom of carefully marking historic spots -in several gruesome manners. After Major Grant’s defeat in 1757 -in Western Pennsylvania the victorious Indians (they were on -that occasion worthy of the appellation of savages) took particular -pleasure in beheading all dead Highlanders who had participated -in that unpleasant engagement, and impaling their heads, -draped with caps and kilts, on the stakes which marked their -race ground, as they called the path where they made their -enemies run the gauntlet, near the stockade of Fort Duquesne. -This was their way of marking an historic spot, and it was also a -war memorial to the Highlanders who they looked upon as their<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span> -most dogged and unflinching foes. There was a kindly, almost -fraternal feeling born of the hardships of forest life among -Virginians, Royal Americans and Pennsylvania Riflemen recruited -largely among the borderers and the redmen, but the Highlanders -looked upon the Indians with an uncompromising hatred, -and would give no quarter. When General Forbes’ Scotch regiments -approached the scene of this grisly memorial several months -later they were shocked at the sight which met their eyes; there -was too much realism displayed by the Indians in their choice -of materials to mark that particular historic spot. It was -the same as if the Allies had used German skulls instead of -helmets to celebrate their victories! The Indians also had a -habit of marking the spots near where they scalped white victims, -their method being to sink a tomahawk into the branches -or trunk of a large tree for every white man scalped. Peter -Grove, the Ranger, tells of surprising an Indian scalping party -asleep under a giant oak on the banks of Sinnemahoning Creek, -in what is now Grove Township, Cameron County. On a branch -which overhung the stream nine tomahawks were imbedded. -Another method was to cut a nick or blaze in the tree, and the -white men went them one better by “nicking” their rifles and -pistols. The venerable W. H. Sanderson, who resides near -Mill Hall, Clinton County, says that he recalls that the rifle -belonging to his grandfather, the noted scout and scalp-hunter, -Robert Couvenhoven, who died in 1846, had thirteen nicks on -the stock. It is generally supposed that Couvenhoven slew at -least twice that number of redskins, as the bounty on Indian -scalps was around $150 for an adult male and $50 for females -and children, but he may have changed rifles as time went on. -As Indians became scarcer and bounty funds non-available, the -early white hunters adopted some of their tactics by blazing trees -where they had made a big general killing of game or else some particularly -large elk or bear. They also nicked their rifles to mark -the number of deer put to sleep. It was these sanguinary forms -of human achievement which seemed alone worthy of commemoration -in the bold life of the frontier. Little care was taken to -distinguish the graves of the dead, at first a heap of stones to -keep off wolves, later a stake, a shingle or a chunk of rough -mountain stone seemed enough to mark the last resting places -of the departed. In fact, there was an awful vacuum of nearly -a century before marking historic spots came back into vogue in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -Pennsylvania, when there were no battles or butcheries, or big -game slaughters worthy of perpetuation. Even the Civil War -did not kindle the spirit of statues, markers and monuments to -Pennsylvanians at once, not until other States began erecting -monuments at Gettysburg, and then Pennsylvania lagged lamentably. -However, when at length the historic spirit was kindled -the fervor of the people have exceeded all bounds. Pennsylvania -is fast becoming the State of Memorials, and most of them -are well worth while. Apart from the magnificent statues and -other memorials at Gettysburg, Civil War heroes are remembered -in all the cities of the State. Individual efforts, or local skirmishes -are also fittingly commemorated like the “high water mark” -of General Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg, and the “Furthest -East” memorial at Wrightsville, formerly Dagonoga, where the -Pennsylvania Volunteers held back General Gordon’s cavalry -until the bridge across the Susquehanna was fired, and the valuable -stores in Lancaster County saved from the Confederate -hordes. Churches all over the State contain medallions, tablets -and stained glass windows in memory of devoted pastors, church -workers and churchly benefactors. Schools perpetuate the names -of popular teachers, or great men, by their names, or by tablets -placed in the halls or corridors. Hon. Gifford Pinchot wisely -created the plan of naming groves of ancient trees after historic -characters, like Alan Seeger Park, Joyce Kilmer Park and Dr. -J. T. Rothrock Forest. But we are here today to speak of the -most permanent form of all historical commemorating, the marking -of historical spots. It is not battlegrounds alone that will tell -the history of our people in the years to come, but the landmarks -of domestic activity, commerce and manufactures. It is fitting -that an important stage in the industrial development of Pennsylvania, -like the charcoal iron furnaces should be marked. Every -one of them, as far as known, should be as adequately commemorated -as is this one here today. It is astonishing how little is -known concerning the charcoal iron industry, which is only -now going out of existence. Centre County had one or two of -these old furnaces, notably the one at Curtin, in operation until -very recently. No general comprehensive history of this industry -has ever been published; it is kept alive by fragments of history, -fugitive literary pieces, tradition, that is about all. Yet it was not -only important commercially, but historically valuable and picturesque -from a social and literary viewpoint. These feudal<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -lords, the Ironmasters, were the big men of their day, the Schwabs, -Donners and Replogles of an earlier generation, yet how few of -their names remain. It was timely to mark this old furnace, to -save it from oblivion by reviewing its history and to inspire other -communities to do likewise. Some are of unknown locations, and -their names only remain on bits of old stove plates. There is a -rich field of research for the antiquarian and writer, just to confine -himself to the history of this charcoal iron industry.</p> - -<p>Perhaps the great American novel, the great Pennsylvania -novel at any rate, will be a story laid about one of the baronial -estates of the old Ironmasters. Was ever a more delightful, or -perennially interesting book written than Georges Ohnet’s novel, -“Le Maitre des Forges”, translated into English as “The Ironmaster”? -It was even more popular some years ago than today, -for it was dramatized and played all over the United States, rivaling -“The Lights o’ London” as a melodramatic success, and was -also the name of a noted race horse. Surely this great novel of -Pennsylvania will take its plot from the lives of our early Ironmasters, -or in some sketch of Indian forays along the Blue Mountains -of Berks County during the French and Indian War. If -marking these old furnaces begets the great novel, then those -devoted souls concerned in marking this historic spot today have -builded better than they knew. It will serve as a landmark to link -the earlier days of this part of Centre County, with its busy, teeming -present, the great intense life of State College, and the -industry of the olden times. They have one point in common. -Old Nittany Mountain looks down on both, impartial in shedding -her glories of sunlight and shade. Nittany Mountain is feminine, -for she is named not for an Indian chief, but for two beautiful -Indian maidens named Nita-nee, one a great war queen of the -very long ago, the other a humbler maiden who lived not far -from Penn’s Cave, and was loved and lost by Malachi Boyer, a -Huguenot pioneer from Lancaster County. And in closing let us -say we hear a lot about a so-called Nittany Lion. Do we not -mean “Mountain Lion” or panther, for in the old days the panther, -or Pennsylvania lion, was very much in evidence hereabouts, -roaring terribly at night from the mountain tops, answering one -another from Tussey Knob, the Bald Top and Mount Nittany. -It is the noble supple animal, the Pennsylvania king of beasts, -and not the shaggy African man-eater, that should be the patron<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -of the courage, force and persistence of our State College youth. -If you are not sure of what it looked like, there is a finely mounted -specimen in old “College Hall”. Let us follow in history’s -paths, marking the worthy footsteps of our predecessors where -they have builded wisely, and always conforming to local color, -local traditions, local pride, so that we may in our turn re-enact the -splendid chain of destiny from redmen to pioneers, from farms, -furnaces and mills, down to the great day of this locality when -State College shall have realized the ideal of her founders, as the -foremost inland school of learning. And every step made in that -direction should be marked, as her leading friends and sons have -done with the scene of this old-time industrial plant and furnace. -All these are mile-stones in the greatness of Centre County and -Penn State, in the creation of a definite tradition and legend, -which shall be her crown.</p> - -<div class="pad4"> -<div class="figcenter" id="i_p007"> - <img src="images/i_p007.jpg" width="964" height="650" - alt="Nittany lion" title="Nittany lion" /> -</div> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="tnote"> -<p class="noi tntitle">Transcriber’s Notes:</p> - -<p class="smfont">Obvious spelling inaccuracies were silently corrected.</p> - -<p class="smfont">Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved.</p> - -<p class="smfont">Punctuation and grammar were retained as in the original.</p> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKING HISTORIC SPOTS, AN ADDRESS ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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