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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb531dc --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66377 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66377) diff --git a/old/66377-0.txt b/old/66377-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index be0489d..0000000 --- a/old/66377-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,596 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Needed Change in the Age of Consent, by -Richard Arthur - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Needed Change in the Age of Consent - An Appeal For the Better Protection of Our Girls - -Author: Richard Arthur - -Release Date: September 25, 2021 [eBook #66377] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from scans of - public domain works at The National Library of Australia.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEEDED CHANGE IN THE AGE OF -CONSENT *** - -THE NEEDED CHANGE IN THE AGE OF CONSENT. - - -AN APPEAL For the Better Protection of Our Girls. - - -BY RICHARD ARTHUR, M.A., M.D. - - -SYDNEY: THE CHRISTIAN WORLD PRESS, 301 PITT STREET. 1896. - - - - -The Needed Change in the Age of Consent. - - -Good laws, as a great statesman has said, are for the purpose of making -it easy to do right and difficult to do wrong. Such laws protect the -weak and ignorant who are unable to take care of themselves, and deter -the cunning and unscrupulous from injuring their fellows. When the -strong prey upon the weak in any community, without the law in any way -attempting to prevent it, such apathy points to a low moral sensibility -in the community in which it exists. - -This moral indifference and tolerance of injustice, must be charged -against the people of New South Wales. Their representatives in -Parliament have so devoted themselves to the strife for office and the -incidence of taxation, that the question of protecting by law, the -chastity of young girls, has been ignored. And the people have been -content to have it so. In New South Wales, at the present time, any -girl of fourteen years and a day, may be outraged, and unless it can -be proved that actual violence was used, the law will do nothing to -the man who has ruined her. In other words, the law of New South Wales -gives its sanction to the seduction of every girl above fourteen, if -this can be done without the employment of brute force. And experience -shows that men are not slow to avail themselves of this license. In -Sydney, the Rescue Homes, the Lying-in Hospitals, and the lock wards -are filled with girls, some about to become mothers, others suffering -from loathsome diseases, all social outcasts, and with a future of woe -and tragedy before them. - -Is not this a foul blot on this colony? Are there no men with -chivalrous feeling and pity for the weak, whose blood boils when -they hear of these things, are there no women whose hearts go out to -these poor, fallen children to save them? And cannot all see that it -is infinitely better and easier to try and prevent this fall, than -to remedy it after it has happened? For the means of doing this is -at hand. It is to raise the age at which a girl can consent to her -own seduction. The “Age of Consent” so-called, at present stands at -fourteen years. Increase this age to at least eighteen, and thus -give the girl protection during the four years of her life in which -experience proves that danger threatens her most. - -After this age, the girl must be the guardian of her own virtue, and it -is most probable that increased knowledge and strength of will power -would preserve her from moral ruin. It is a significant fact that while -the law holds the child of fourteen capable of defending her honour, it -does not allow any girl who may possess property to manage or dispose -of it in any way till she is 21 years old, and anyone marrying her -without the consent of her legal guardians, even though she may be -willing herself, is liable to severe punishment. - -If the girl of fourteen is capable of being the guardian of her own -virtue then we must concede that physically she is fitted to become a -mother, that she realizes to the full, the consequences of immorality, -and that her self-control and power of moral resistance render her -proof against any bribes or threats by which it may be sought to -influence her. - -Now all medical authorities would utterly condemn the idea that a girl -of fourteen was fit for the stress and strain of motherhood. Not only -would she run great danger herself, but her offspring would in all -probability be sickly and unfit for the battle of life. - -Again, can a young girl comprehend in the least degree, the -consequences of consenting to her own ruin? - -The majority of girls are brought up in entire ignorance of all matters -connected with sex. It is the parent’s boast that they are perfectly -“innocent,” by which is meant that they know none of the facts of the -genesis of life, and are totally unwarned against the dangers which -may assail them at any moment. Nothing could be better fitted for the -purpose of the seducer, and the innocence which is supposed to throw a -halo of purity round the girl, is sometimes the instrument of her ruin. -But, granting that she has learnt in some imperfect and unsatisfactory -way, about these matters, can she adequately grasp the results which -may come upon her? Is she aware that she may become a mother, with all -the dangers attending maternity, can she estimate the social ostracism, -the life-long shame that will be her lot if her fall is discovered; -does she know that this first downward step taken through ignorance or -thoughtlessness, is the first on the path which leads by the streets of -the city to the harlot’s grave? - -And further, is the period between 14 and 18, one in which -self-control is firmly established, and the actions governed by -prudence and reason? We know it is not. Girls at this age have little -resisting power. Their vanity is easily appealed to, their ignorance -of life leads them into situations which older women would avoid, -often their affections are easily engaged, and under the caresses and -blandishments of the man--generally much older than themselves, they -are but as clay in the potter’s hands. And it would be difficult to say -how many of these case are actually, if not legally, cases of rape, for -often a considerable amount of resistance has to be overcome before the -crime is effected. - -In fact, if we considered this subject calmly and without prejudice, we -will see that it is monstrous that in our colony, a young girl may be -robbed of her most precious possession, dearer to her than any material -wealth, or even than life itself, and our law tacitly connives at it. -_The girl consented to her moral ruin, and so there is nothing more to -be done._ - -This law, or rather want of law, is altogether in the interests of -immoral men. Here, adequate protection is not given, because if it -were, men would have to desist from debauching young girls, or run the -risk of severe penalties. - -The only argument ever brought forward by those opposed to giving girls -adequate protection, is that if this were done, false charges would -constantly be brought against men for the purpose of blackmailing. -Now, we may admit that this argument has a certain relevancy, but very -much less than those who use it, claim for it. It is true that some -additional cases of false charges might arise, but in all probability -they would be very few. And for this reason, that in, the majority of -these cases of attempted blackmailing, the charges are brought either -by very young children, at the instigation of older people, or by adult -women who have the knowledge and cunning necessary for the planning out -of such a charge. The period from 14 to 18 during which it is suggested -to give the protection already accorded to those below 14, is one where -there is the least likelihood of false charges being brought. - -But the most important counterargument is this. Any girl or any woman -can bring a charge of indecent assault against a man, and the same -evidence as is required in a case of seduction, would be needed here. -Thus any man in this colony, whatever his position, is liable to the -danger of false accusation, and the age of the woman bringing the -charge, makes no difference. Especially are medical men exposed to this -danger, and yet they have never clamoured for additional protection -from the law, but have so regulated their actions as to minimise the -possibility of such false charges. - -It can thus be seen that if a girl wishes to attempt blackmailing, by -far the easiest course open to her is to bring a charge of indecent -assault, and this is really more difficult of disproof than a charge of -seduction. When this can be so readily done, the theory of a greatly -increased number of false charges from raising the age of consent, can -practically be ignored. - -Again, it is urged that girls will tempt young men and then extort -money from them. But all who have given attention to the subject agree -that it is almost an unheard of thing for a previously chaste girl -to invite a man to immorality. If a girl does this, it points to the -fact that she has already been seduced, and the change in the law is -asked for that this very thing may be prevented. If men are kept from -violating young girls, there will be no unchaste girls to tempt men in -their turn. - -It may be that in a few cases, injustice may be done and men wrongly -punished, but this may be urged against every law. And can this -possibility outweigh the hundreds of cases of girls who, every year -in this colony, meet with physical and moral disaster, which a juster -state of law might have prevented? Have we no pity for these children, -who on the threshold of what might have been a bright and prosperous -life, meet with woeful shipwreck, and instead of becoming the happy -wives and mothers of the future, join the unspeakably sad ranks of the -prostitute? - -Men who have any chivalrous feeling in their nature will gladly accept -whatever increased risk there may be, in order that this further -protection, till an age when knowledge and prudence are greater, may be -given, and immoral men will have to learn that, if they do not wish to -incur this danger, they must not place themselves in positions in which -they will be liable to false charges. - -What then must be done? It must first be recognised that unless the -public voice unmistakably demands this reform those who can give effect -to it will not move in the matter. This was shown in England, where for -some years the proposal to raise the age of consent was contemptuously -rejected by the House of Commons, until Mr. Stead’s memorable articles -in the _Pall Mall Gazette_ raised public feeling to white heat, and the -desired legislation was rushed through with almost no opposition in a -few days. In the United States, too, during the last eighteen months -a well-organised agitation, in which the Women’s Christian Temperance -Union has taken a leading part, has succeeded in obtaining the age of -eighteen in eight States, and the agitation is still being continued to -raise it to this in other States where the age is lower. - -The W.T.C.U. of New South Wales has determined to follow the example -of the American unions, and undertake this momentous work on behalf of -its sex. If it can succeed in enlisting the sympathy and co-operation -of the Churches and philanthropic societies, and all work together -cordially for this great object, public opinion will soon be roused, -and from one end of the colony to the other will come the demand that -this scandalous state of affairs be instantly remedied. If this be -so, the government will hasten to carry out the wishes of the people, -and we will take rank with those who cherish and defend at all costs -the honour of their daughters. All can help in this work. There -are petitions to be signed, public meetings organised, members of -Parliament to be interviewed, and many other means by which success -may be ensured. - -It is to be hoped that none will hold back from assisting on account -of prudery, or false delicacy. The purest can and should aid in this -crusade, and if they decline to do so from any selfish motive, and this -reform is not carried, the blood of those who perished because this has -not been done will be upon their heads. But we believe better things of -the men and women of New South Wales, and are convinced that, with the -help of God, 1896 will not pass till this most needed of all laws has -been placed on our Statute Book. - -[Illustration: Decoration] - - -_After reading, kindly give this to a friend, and sign, if possible, a -petition in favour of this object._ - - -“Christian World” Press, 301 Pitt-st., Sydney. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEEDED CHANGE IN THE AGE OF -CONSENT *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Needed Change in the Age of Consent</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>An Appeal For the Better Protection of Our Girls</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Richard Arthur</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 25, 2021 [eBook #66377]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from scans of public domain works at The National Library of Australia.)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEEDED CHANGE IN THE AGE OF CONSENT ***</div> - -<div class="center"><img src="images/title.jpg" alt="title page" /></div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE NEEDED CHANGE<br /> IN THE<br /> AGE OF CONSENT.</h1> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p class="bold">AN APPEAL<br /><br />For the Better Protection<br /><br />of Our Girls.</p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p class="bold">BY</p> - -<p class="bold2">RICHARD ARTHUR, M.A., M.D.</p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p class="bold"><span class="smcap">Sydney</span>:<br /><span class="smcap">The Christian World Press, -301 Pitt Street.</span><br />——<br />1896.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> - -<div class="center"><img src="images/heading.jpg" alt="heading" /></div> - -<p>Good laws, as a great statesman has said, are for the purpose of making -it easy to do right and difficult to do wrong. Such laws protect the -weak and ignorant who are unable to take care of themselves, and deter -the cunning and unscrupulous from injuring their fellows. When the -strong prey upon the weak in any community, without the law in any way -attempting to prevent it, such apathy points to a low moral sensibility -in the community in which it exists.</p> - -<p>This moral indifference and tolerance of injustice, must be charged -against the people of New South Wales. Their representatives in -Parliament have so devoted themselves to the strife for office and the -incidence of taxation, that the question of protecting by law, the -chastity of young girls, has been ignored. And the people have been -content to have it so. In New South Wales, at the present time, any -girl of fourteen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> years and a day, may be outraged, and unless it can -be proved that actual violence was used, the law will do nothing to -the man who has ruined her. In other words, the law of New South Wales -gives its sanction to the seduction of every girl above fourteen, if -this can be done without the employment of brute force. And experience -shows that men are not slow to avail themselves of this license. In -Sydney, the Rescue Homes, the Lying-in Hospitals, and the lock wards -are filled with girls, some about to become mothers, others suffering -from loathsome diseases, all social outcasts, and with a future of woe -and tragedy before them.</p> - -<p>Is not this a foul blot on this colony? Are there no men with -chivalrous feeling and pity for the weak, whose blood boils when -they hear of these things, are there no women whose hearts go out to -these poor, fallen children to save them? And cannot all see that it -is infinitely better and easier to try and prevent this fall, than -to remedy it after it has happened? For the means of doing this is -at hand. It is to raise the age at which a girl can consent to her -own seduction. The “Age of Consent” so-called, at present stands at -fourteen years. Increase this age to at least eighteen, and thus -give the girl <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>protection during the four years of her life in which -experience proves that danger threatens her most.</p> - -<p>After this age, the girl must be the guardian of her own virtue, and it -is most probable that increased knowledge and strength of will power -would preserve her from moral ruin. It is a significant fact that while -the law holds the child of fourteen capable of defending her honour, it -does not allow any girl who may possess property to manage or dispose -of it in any way till she is 21 years old, and anyone marrying her -without the consent of her legal guardians, even though she may be -willing herself, is liable to severe punishment.</p> - -<p>If the girl of fourteen is capable of being the guardian of her own -virtue then we must concede that physically she is fitted to become a -mother, that she realizes to the full, the consequences of immorality, -and that her self-control and power of moral resistance render her -proof against any bribes or threats by which it may be sought to -influence her.</p> - -<p>Now all medical authorities would utterly condemn the idea that a girl -of fourteen was fit for the stress and strain of motherhood. Not only -would she run great danger herself, but her <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>offspring would in all -probability be sickly and unfit for the battle of life.</p> - -<p>Again, can a young girl comprehend in the least degree, the -consequences of consenting to her own ruin?</p> - -<p>The majority of girls are brought up in entire ignorance of all matters -connected with sex. It is the parent’s boast that they are perfectly -“innocent,” by which is meant that they know none of the facts of the -genesis of life, and are totally unwarned against the dangers which -may assail them at any moment. Nothing could be better fitted for the -purpose of the seducer, and the innocence which is supposed to throw a -halo of purity round the girl, is sometimes the instrument of her ruin. -But, granting that she has learnt in some imperfect and unsatisfactory -way, about these matters, can she adequately grasp the results which -may come upon her? Is she aware that she may become a mother, with all -the dangers attending maternity, can she estimate the social ostracism, -the life-long shame that will be her lot if her fall is discovered; -does she know that this first downward step taken through ignorance or -thoughtlessness, is the first on the path which leads by the streets of -the city to the harlot’s grave?</p> - -<p>And further, is the period between 14<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> and 18, one in which -self-control is firmly established, and the actions governed by -prudence and reason? We know it is not. Girls at this age have little -resisting power. Their vanity is easily appealed to, their ignorance -of life leads them into situations which older women would avoid, -often their affections are easily engaged, and under the caresses and -blandishments of the man—generally much older than themselves, they -are but as clay in the potter’s hands. And it would be difficult to say -how many of these case are actually, if not legally, cases of rape, for -often a considerable amount of resistance has to be overcome before the -crime is effected.</p> - -<p>In fact, if we considered this subject calmly and without prejudice, we -will see that it is monstrous that in our colony, a young girl may be -robbed of her most precious possession, dearer to her than any material -wealth, or even than life itself, and our law tacitly connives at it. -<i>The girl consented to her moral ruin, and so there is nothing more to -be done.</i></p> - -<p>This law, or rather want of law, is altogether in the interests of -immoral men. Here, adequate protection is not given, because if it -were, men would have to desist from debauching young girls, or run the -risk of severe penalties. </p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p> - -<p>The only argument ever brought forward by those opposed to giving girls -adequate protection, is that if this were done, false charges would -constantly be brought against men for the purpose of blackmailing. -Now, we may admit that this argument has a certain relevancy, but very -much less than those who use it, claim for it. It is true that some -additional cases of false charges might arise, but in all probability -they would be very few. And for this reason, that in, the majority of -these cases of attempted blackmailing, the charges are brought either -by very young children, at the instigation of older people, or by adult -women who have the knowledge and cunning necessary for the planning out -of such a charge. The period from 14 to 18 during which it is suggested -to give the protection already accorded to those below 14, is one where -there is the least likelihood of false charges being brought.</p> - -<p>But the most important counterargument is this. Any girl or any woman -can bring a charge of indecent assault against a man, and the same -evidence as is required in a case of seduction, would be needed here. -Thus any man in this colony, whatever his position, is liable to the -danger of false<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> accusation, and the age of the woman bringing the -charge, makes no difference. Especially are medical men exposed to this -danger, and yet they have never clamoured for additional protection -from the law, but have so regulated their actions as to minimise the -possibility of such false charges.</p> - -<p>It can thus be seen that if a girl wishes to attempt blackmailing, by -far the easiest course open to her is to bring a charge of indecent -assault, and this is really more difficult of disproof than a charge of -seduction. When this can be so readily done, the theory of a greatly -increased number of false charges from raising the age of consent, can -practically be ignored.</p> - -<p>Again, it is urged that girls will tempt young men and then extort -money from them. But all who have given attention to the subject agree -that it is almost an unheard of thing for a previously chaste girl -to invite a man to immorality. If a girl does this, it points to the -fact that she has already been seduced, and the change in the law is -asked for that this very thing may be prevented. If men are kept from -violating young girls, there will be no unchaste girls to tempt men in -their turn.</p> - -<p>It may be that in a few cases, injustice may be done and men wrongly -punished,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> but this may be urged against every law. And can this -possibility outweigh the hundreds of cases of girls who, every year -in this colony, meet with physical and moral disaster, which a juster -state of law might have prevented? Have we no pity for these children, -who on the threshold of what might have been a bright and prosperous -life, meet with woeful shipwreck, and instead of becoming the happy -wives and mothers of the future, join the unspeakably sad ranks of the -prostitute?</p> - -<p>Men who have any chivalrous feeling in their nature will gladly accept -whatever increased risk there may be, in order that this further -protection, till an age when knowledge and prudence are greater, may be -given, and immoral men will have to learn that, if they do not wish to -incur this danger, they must not place themselves in positions in which -they will be liable to false charges.</p> - -<p>What then must be done? It must first be recognised that unless the -public voice unmistakably demands this reform those who can give effect -to it will not move in the matter. This was shown in England, where for -some years the proposal to raise the age of consent was contemptuously -rejected by the House of Commons, until Mr. Stead’s <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>memorable articles -in the <i>Pall Mall Gazette</i> raised public feeling to white heat, and the -desired legislation was rushed through with almost no opposition in a -few days. In the United States, too, during the last eighteen months -a well-organised agitation, in which the Women’s Christian Temperance -Union has taken a leading part, has succeeded in obtaining the age of -eighteen in eight States, and the agitation is still being continued to -raise it to this in other States where the age is lower.</p> - -<p>The W.T.C.U. of New South Wales has determined to follow the example -of the American unions, and undertake this momentous work on behalf of -its sex. If it can succeed in enlisting the sympathy and co-operation -of the Churches and philanthropic societies, and all work together -cordially for this great object, public opinion will soon be roused, -and from one end of the colony to the other will come the demand that -this scandalous state of affairs be instantly remedied. If this be -so, the government will hasten to carry out the wishes of the people, -and we will take rank with those who cherish and defend at all costs -the honour of their daughters. All can help in this work. There -are petitions to be signed, public meetings organised, members of -Parliament to be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> interviewed, and many other means by which success -may be ensured.</p> - -<p>It is to be hoped that none will hold back from assisting on account -of prudery, or false delicacy. The purest can and should aid in this -crusade, and if they decline to do so from any selfish motive, and this -reform is not carried, the blood of those who perished because this has -not been done will be upon their heads. But we believe better things of -the men and women of New South Wales, and are convinced that, with the -help of God, 1896 will not pass till this most needed of all laws has -been placed on our Statute Book.</p> - -<div class="center space-above"><img src="images/i012.jpg" alt="Decoration" /></div> - -<p class="center space-above"><i>After reading, kindly give this to a friend, and sign, if possible, a -petition in favour of this object.</i></p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p class="center">“Christian World” Press, 301 Pitt-st., Sydney.</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEEDED CHANGE IN THE AGE OF CONSENT ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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