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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4863899 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66103 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66103) diff --git a/old/66103-0.txt b/old/66103-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index cfc4aeb..0000000 --- a/old/66103-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3545 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Lambkin's Remains, by Hilaire Belloc - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Lambkin's Remains - -Author: Hilaire Belloc - -Release Date: August 21, 2021 [eBook #66103] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Tim Lindell, Benjamin Fluehr and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The - Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAMBKIN'S REMAINS *** - - - - - LAMBKIN’S REMAINS - - BY H. B. - - _Author of “The Bad Child’s Book of Beasts,” etc_ - - - PUBLISHED BY - THE PROPRIETORS OF THE _J.C.R._ AT - J. VINCENT’S - 96, HIGH STREET OXFORD - - 1900 - - -_Lambkin on “Sleep” appeared in “The Isis.” It is reprinted here by -kind permission of the Proprietors. The majority of the remaining -pieces were first published in “The J. C. R.”_ - -[_All rights reserved._] - - - - - DEDICATION - - - TO - - THE REPUBLICAN CLUB - - I AM DETERMINED - TO - DEDICATE - THIS BOOK - AND NOTHING SHALL TURN ME FROM - MY PURPOSE. - - - - -DEDICATORY ODE. - - - I mean to write with all my strength - (It lately has been sadly waning), - A ballad of enormous length-- - Some parts of which will need explaining.[1] - - Because (unlike the bulk of men, - Who write for fame and public ends), - I turn a lax and fluent pen - To talking of my private friends.[2] - - For no one, in our long decline, - So dusty, spiteful and divided, - Had quite such pleasant friends as mine, - Or loved them half as much as I did. - - * * * * * - - The Freshman ambles down the High, - In love with everything he sees, - He notes the clear October sky, - He sniffs a vigorous western breeze. - - “Can this be Oxford? This the place” - (He cries), “of which my father said - The tutoring was a damned disgrace, - The creed a mummery, stuffed and dead? - - “Can it be here that Uncle Paul - Was driven by excessive gloom, - To drink and debt, and, last of all, - To smoking opium in his room? - - “Is it from here the people come, - Who talk so loud, and roll their eyes, - And stammer? How extremely rum! - How curious! What a great surprise. - - “Some influence of a nobler day - Than theirs (I mean than Uncle Paul’s), - Has roused the sleep of their decay, - And decked with light their ancient walls. - - “O! dear undaunted boys of old, - Would that your names were carven here, - For all the world in stamps of gold, - That I might read them and revere. - - “Who wrought and handed down for me - This Oxford of the larger air, - Laughing, and full of faith, and free, - With youth resplendent everywhere.” - - Then learn: thou ill-instructed, blind, - Young, callow, and untutored man, - Their private names were----[3] - Their club was called REPUBLICAN. - - * * * * * - - Where on their banks of light they lie, - The happy hills of Heaven between, - The Gods that rule the morning sky - Are not more young, nor more serene - - Than were the intrepid Four that stand, - The first who dared to live their dream, - And on this uncongenial land - To found the Abbey of Theleme. - - We kept the Rabelaisian plan:[4] - We dignified the dainty cloisters - With Natural Law, the Rights of Man, - Song, Stoicism, Wine and Oysters. - - The library was most inviting: - The books upon the crowded shelves - Were mainly of our private writing: - We kept a school and taught ourselves. - - We taught the art of writing things - On men we still should like to throttle: - And where to get the blood of kings - At only half-a-crown a bottle. - - * * * * * - - Eheu Fugaces! Postume! - (An old quotation out of mode); - My coat of dreams is stolen away, - My youth is passing down the road. - - * * * * * - - The wealth of youth, we spent it well - And decently, as very few can. - And is it lost? I cannot tell; - And what is more, I doubt if you can. - - The question’s very much too wide, - And much too deep, and much too hollow, - And learned men on either side - Use arguments I cannot follow. - - They say that in the unchanging place, - Where all we loved is always dear, - We meet our morning face to face, - And find at last our twentieth year.... - - They say, (and I am glad they say), - It is so; and it may be so: - It may be just the other way, - I cannot tell. But this I know: - - From quiet homes and first beginning, - Out to the undiscovered ends, - There’s nothing worth the wear of winning, - But laughter and the love of friends. - - * * * * * - - But something dwindles, oh! my peers, - And something cheats the heart and passes, - And Tom that meant to shake the years - Has come to merely rattling glasses. - - And He, the Father of the Flock, - Is keeping Burmesans in order, - An exile on a lonely rock - That overlooks the Chinese border. - - And One (myself I mean--no less), - Ah!--will Posterity believe it-- - Not only don’t deserve success, - But hasn’t managed to achieve it. - - Not even this peculiar town - Has ever fixed a friendship firmer, - But--one is married, one’s gone down, - And one’s a Don, and one’s in Burmah. - - * * * * * - - And oh! the days, the days, the days, - When all the four were off together: - The infinite deep of summer haze, - The roaring boast of autumn weather! - - * * * * * - - I will not try the reach again, - I will not set my sail alone, - To moor a boat bereft of men - At Yarnton’s tiny docks of stone. - - But I will sit beside the fire, - And put my hand before my eyes, - And trace, to fill my heart’s desire, - The last of all our Odysseys. - - The quiet evening kept her tryst: - Beneath an open sky we rode, - And mingled with a wandering mist - Along the perfect Evenlode. - - The tender Evenlode that makes - Her meadows hush to hear the sound - Of waters mingling in the brakes, - And binds my heart to English ground. - - A lovely river, all alone, - She lingers in the hills and holds - A hundred little towns of stone, - Forgotten in the western wolds. - - * * * * * - - I dare to think (though meaner powers - Possess our thrones, and lesser wits - Are drinking worser wine than ours, - In what’s no longer Austerlitz) - - That surely a tremendous ghost, - The brazen-lunged, the bumper-filler, - Still sings to an immortal toast, - The Misadventures of the Miller. - - The vasty seas are hardly bar - To men with such a prepossession; - We were? Why then, by God, we _are_-- - Order! I call the club to session! - - You do retain the song we set, - And how it rises, trips and scans? - You keep the sacred memory yet, - Republicans? Republicans? - - You know the way the words were hurled, - To break the worst of fortune’s rub? - I give the toast across the world, - And drink it, “Gentlemen: the Club.” - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - PAGE - - DEDICATORY ODE v - - PREFACE xv - - I. INTRODUCTORY 1 - - II. LAMBKIN’S NEWDIGATE 14 - - III. SOME REMARKS ON LAMBKIN’S PROSE STYLE 22 - - IV. LAMBKIN’S ESSAY ON “SUCCESS” 28 - - V. LAMBKIN ON “SLEEP” 37 - - VI. LAMBKIN’S ADVICE TO FRESHMEN 42 - - VII. LAMBKIN’S LECTURE ON “RIGHT” 51 - - VIII. LAMBKIN’S SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE 58 - - IX. LAMBKIN’S ADDRESS TO THE LEAGUE OF PROGRESS 72 - - X. LAMBKIN’S LEADER 83 - - XI. LAMBKIN’S REMARKS ON THE END OF TERM 88 - - XII. LAMBKIN’S ARTICLE ON THE NORTH-WEST CORNER - OF THE MOSAIC PAVEMENT OF THE ROMAN VILLA - AT BIGNOR 95 - - XIII. LAMBKIN’S SERMON 104 - - XIV. LAMBKIN’S OPEN LETTER TO CHURCHMEN 114 - - XV. LAMBKIN’S LETTER TO A FRENCH FRIEND 123 - - XVI. INTERVIEW WITH MR. LAMBKIN 132 - - - - -PREFACE - - -The preparation of the ensuing pages has been a labour of love, and -has cost me many an anxious hour. “Of the writing of books,” says the -learned Psalmist (or more probably a Syro-Chaldæic scribe of the third -century) “there is no end”; and truly it is a very solemn thought -that so many writers, furnishing the livelihood of so many publishers, -these in their turn supporting so many journals, reviews and magazines, -and these last giving bread to such a vast army of editors, reviewers, -and what not--I say it is a very solemn thought that this great mass -of people should be engaged upon labour of this nature; labour which, -rightly applied, might be of immeasurable service to humanity, but -which is, alas! so often diverted into useless or even positively -harmful channels: channels upon which I could write at some length, -were it not necessary for me, however, to bring this reflection to a -close. - -A fine old Arabic poem--probably the oldest complete literary work in -the world--(I mean the Comedy which we are accustomed to call the Book -of Job)[5] contains hidden away among its many treasures the phrase, -“Oh! that mine enemy had written a book!” This craving for literature, -which is so explicable in a primitive people, and the half-savage -desire that the labour of writing should fall upon a foeman captured in -battle, have given place in the long process of historical development -to a very different spirit. There is now, if anything, a superabundance -of literature, and an apology is needed for the appearance of such a -work as this, nor, indeed, would it have been brought out had it not -been imagined that Lambkin’s many friends would give it a ready sale. - -Animaxander, King of the Milesians, upon being asked by the Emissary -of Atarxessus what was, in his opinion, the most wearying thing in the -world, replied by cutting off the head of the messenger, thus outraging -the religious sense of a time to which guests and heralds were sacred, -as being under the special protection of Ζεύς (pronounced “Tsephs”). - -Warned by the awful fate of the sacrilegious monarch, I will put a term -to these opening remarks. My book must be its own preface, I would that -the work could be also its own publisher, its own bookseller, and its -own reviewer. - -It remains to me only to thank the many gentlemen who have aided me -in my task with the loan of letters, scraps of MSS., portraits, and -pieces of clothing--in fine, with all that could be of interest in -illustrating Lambkin’s career. My gratitude is especially due to Mr. -Binder, who helped in part of the writing; to Mr. Cook, who was kind -enough to look over the proofs; and to Mr. Wallingford, Q.C., who very -kindly consented to receive an advance copy. I must also thank the -Bishop of Bury for his courteous sympathy and ever-ready suggestion; I -must not omit from this list M. Hertz, who has helped me with French, -and whose industry and gentlemanly manners are particularly pleasing. - -I cannot close without tendering my thanks in general to the printers -who have set up this book, to the agencies which have distributed it, -and to the booksellers, who have put it upon their shelves; I feel a -deep debt of gratitude to a very large number of people, and that is a -pleasant sensation for a man who, in the course of a fairly successful -career, has had to give (and receive) more than one shrewd knock. - - THE CHAPLAINCY, - BURFORD COLLEGE, - OXFORD. - -P.S.--I have consulted, in the course of this work, Liddell and -Scott’s _Larger Greek Lexicon_, Smith’s _Dictionary of Antiquities_, -Skeats’ _Etymological Dictionary_, _Le Dictionnaire Franco-Anglais, -et Anglo-Français_, of Boileau, Curtis’ _English Synonyms_, Buffle on -_Punctuation_, and many other authorities which will be acknowledged in -the text. - - - - -Lambkin’s Remains - -_Being the unpublished works of J. A. Lambkin, M.A. sometime Fellow of -Burford College_ - - - - -I. - -INTRODUCTORY - - -It is without a trace of compunction or regret that I prepare to edit -the few unpublished essays, sermons and speeches of my late dear -friend, Mr. Lambkin. On the contrary, I am filled with a sense that -my labour is one to which the clearest interests of the whole English -people call me, and I have found myself, as the work grew under my -hands, fulfilling, if I may say so with due modesty, a high and noble -duty. I remember Lambkin himself, in one of the last conversations I -had with him, saying with the acuteness that characterised him, “The -world knows nothing of its greatest men.” This pregnant commentary upon -human affairs was, I admit, produced by an accident in the _Oxford -Herald_ which concerned myself. In a description of a Public Function -my name had been mis-spelt, and though I was deeply wounded and -offended, I was careful (from a feeling which I hope is common to all -of us) to make no more than the slightest reference to this insult. - -The acute eye of friendship and sympathy, coupled with the instincts of -a scholar and a gentleman, perceived my irritation, and in the evening -Lambkin uttered the memorable words that I have quoted. I thanked him -warmly, but, if long acquaintance had taught him my character, so had -it taught me his. I knew the reticence and modesty of my colleague, -the almost morbid fear that vanity (a vice which he detested) might be -imputed to him on account of the exceptional gifts which he could not -entirely ignore or hide; and I was certain that the phrase which he -constructed to heal my wound was not without some reference to his own -unmerited obscurity. - -The world knows nothing of its greatest men! Josiah Lambkin! from -whatever Cypress groves of the underworld which environs us when on -dark winter evenings in the silence of our own souls which nothing can -dissolve though all attunes to that which nature herself perpetually -calls us, always, if we choose but to remember, your name shall be -known wherever the English language and its various dialects are -spoken. The great All-mother has made me the humble instrument, and I -shall perform my task as you would have desired it in a style which -loses half its evil by losing all its rhetoric; I shall pursue my way -and turn neither to the right nor to the left, but go straight on in -the fearless old English fashion till it is completed. - -Josiah Abraham Lambkin was born of well-to-do and gentlemanly parents -in Bayswater[6] on January 19th, 1843. His father, at the time of his -birth, entertained objections to the great Public Schools, largely -founded upon his religious leanings, which were at that time opposed -to the ritual of those institutions. In spite therefore of the -vehement protestations of his mother (who was distantly connected on -the maternal side with the Cromptons of Cheshire) the boy passed his -earlier years under the able tutorship of a Nonconformist divine, and -later passed into the academy of Dr. Whortlebury at Highgate.[7] - -Of his school-days he always spoke with some bitterness. He appears -to have suffered considerably from bullying, and the Headmaster, -though a humane, was a blunt man, little fitted to comprehend the -delicate nature with which he had to deal. On one occasion the nervous -susceptible lad found it necessary to lay before him a description of -the treatment to which he had been subjected by a younger and smaller, -but much stronger boy; the pedagogue’s only reply was to flog Lambkin -heartily with a light cane, “inflicting,” as he himself once told me, -“such exquisite agony as would ever linger in his memory.” Doubtless -this teacher of the old school thought he was (to use a phrase then -common) “making a man of him,” but the object was not easily to be -attained by brutal means. Let us be thankful that these punishments -have nearly disappeared from our modern seminaries. - -When Josiah was fifteen years of age, his father, having prospered -in business, removed to Eaton Square and bought an estate in Surrey. -The merchant’s mind, which, though rough, was strong and acute, -had meanwhile passed through a considerable change in the matter -of religion; and as the result of long but silent self-examination -he became the ardent supporter of a system which he had formerly -abhorred. It was therefore determined to send the lad to one of the -two great Universities, and though Mrs. Lambkin’s second cousins, the -Crumptons, had all been to Cambridge, Oxford was finally decided upon -as presenting the greater social opportunities at the time.[8] - -Here, then, is young Lambkin, in his nineteenth year, richly but -soberly dressed, and eager for the new life that opens before him. He -was entered at Burford College on October the 15th, 1861; a date which -is, by a curious coincidence, exactly thirty-six years, four months, -and two days from the time in which I pen these lines. - -Of his undergraduate career there is little to be told. Called by his -enemies “The Burford Bounder,” or “dirty Lambkin,” he yet acquired the -respect of a small but choice circle who called him by his own name. He -was third _proxime accessit_ for the Johnson prize in Biblical studies, -and would undoubtedly have obtained (or been mentioned for) the -Newdigate, had he not been pitted against two men of quite exceptional -poetic gifts--the present editor of “The Investor’s Sure Prophet,” and -Mr. Hound, the well-known writer on “Food Statistics.” - -He took a good Second-class in Greats in the summer of 1864, and was -immediately elected to a fellowship at Burford. It was not known at the -time that his father had become a bankrupt through lending large sums -at a high rate of interest to a young heir without security, trusting -to the necessity under which his name and honour would put him to pay. -In the shipwreck of the family fortunes, the small endowment was a -veritable godsend to Josiah, who but for this recognition of his merits -would have been compelled to work for his living. - -As it was, his peculiar powers were set free to plan his great -monograph on “Being,” a work which, to the day of his death, he -designed not only to write but to publish. - -There was not, of course, any incident of note in the thirty years -during which he held his fellowship. He did his duty plainly as it lay -before him, occasionally taking pupils, and after the Royal Commission, -even giving lectures in the College hall. He was made Junior Dean in -October, 1872, Junior Bursar in 1876, and Bursar in 1880, an office -which he held during the rest of his life. - -In this capacity no breath of calumny ever touched him. His character -was spotless. He never offered or took compensations of any kind, and -no one has hinted that his accounts were not accurately and strictly -kept. - -He never allowed himself to be openly a candidate for the Wardenship of -the College, but it is remarkable that he received one vote at each of -the three elections held in the twenty years of his residence. - -He passed peacefully away just after Hall on the Gaudy Night of last -year. When his death was reported, an old scout, ninety-two years of -age, who had grown deaf in the service of the College, burst into tears -and begged that the name might be more clearly repeated to him, as he -had failed to catch it. On hearing it he dried his eyes, and said he -had never known a better master. - -His character will, I think, be sufficiently evident in the writings -which I shall publish. He was one of nature’s gentlemen; reticent, -just, and full of self-respect. He hated a scene, and was careful to -avoid giving rise even to an argument. On the other hand, he was most -tenacious of his just rights, though charitable to the deserving poor, -and left a fortune of thirty-five thousand pounds. - -In the difficult questions which arise from the superior rank of -inferiors he displayed a constant tact and judgment. It is not always -easy for a tutor to control and guide the younger members of the -aristocracy without being accused of pitiless severity on the one -hand or of gross obsequiousness on the other. Lambkin, to his honour, -contrived to direct with energy and guide without offence the men upon -whom England’s greatness depends. - -He was by no means a snob--snobbishness was not in him. On the -other hand, he was equally removed from what is almost worse than -snobbishness--the morbid terror of subservience which possesses some -ill-balanced minds. - -His attitude was this: that we are compelled to admit the aristocratic -quality of the English polity and should, while decently veiling -its cruder aspects, enjoy to the full the benefits which such a -constitution confers upon society and upon our individual selves. - -By a genial observance of such canons he became one of the most -respected among those whom the chances of an academic career presented -to him as pupils or parents. He was the guest and honoured friend of -the Duke of Cumberland, the Duke of Pembroke, the Duke of Limerick -(“Mad Harry”), and the Duke of Lincoln; he had also the honour of -holding a long conversation with the Duke of Berkshire, whom he met -upon the top of an omnibus in Piccadilly and instantly recognised. He -possessed letters, receipts or communications from no less than four -Marquises, one Marquess, ten Barons, sixteen Baronets and one hundred -and twenty County Gentlemen. I must not omit Lord Grumbletooth, who had -had commercial dealings with his father, and who remained to the end of -his life a cordial and devoted friend.[9] - -His tact in casual conversation was no less remarkable than his general -_savoir faire_ in the continuous business of life. Thus upon one -occasion a royal personage happened to be dining in Hall. It was some -days after the death of Mr. Hooligan, the well-known Home Rule leader. -The distinguished guest, with perhaps a trifle of licence, turned to -Lambkin and said “Well, Mr. Bursar, what do you think of Hooligan?” We -observed a respectful silence and wondered what reply Lambkin would -give in these difficult circumstances. The answer was like a bolt from -the blue, “De mortuis nil nisi bonum,” said the Classical Scholar, and -a murmur of applause went round the table. - -Indeed his political views were perhaps the most remarkable feature -in a remarkable character. He died a convinced and staunch Liberal -Unionist, and this was the more striking as he was believed by all his -friends to be a Conservative until the introduction of Mr. Gladstone’s -famous Bill in 1885. - -In the delicate matter of religious controversy his own writings must -describe him, nor will I touch here upon a question which did not rise -to any considerable public importance until after his death. Perhaps -I may be permitted to say this much; he was a sincere Christian in -the true sense of the word, attached to no narrow formularies, but -following as closely as he could the system of Seneca, stiffened (as it -were) with the meditations of Marcus Aurelius, though he was never so -violent as to attempt a practice of what that extreme stoic laid down -in theory. - -Neither a ritualist nor a low-churchman, he expressed his attitude -by a profound and suggestive silence. These words only escaped him -upon one single occasion. Let us meditate upon them well in the stormy -discussions of to-day: “Medio tutissimus ibis.” - -His learning and scholarship, so profound in the dead languages, was -exercised with singular skill and taste in the choice he made of modern -authors. - -He was ignorant of Italian, but thoroughly conversant with the -French classics, which he read in the admirable translations of the -‘Half-crown Series.’ His principal reading here was in the works of -Voltaire, wherein, however, he confessed, “He could find no style, -and little more than blasphemous ribaldry.” Indeed, of the European -languages he would read German with the greatest pleasure, confining -himself chiefly to the writings of Lessing, Kant, and Schiller. His -mind acquired by this habit a singular breadth and fecundity, his style -a kind of rich confusion, and his speech (for he was able to converse -a little in that idiom) was strengthened by expressions of the deepest -philosophic import; a habit which gave him a peculiar and individual -power over his pupils, who mistook the Teutonic gutturals for violent -objurgations. - -Such was the man, such the gentleman, the true ‘Hglaford,’ the modern -‘Godgebidden Eorldemanthingancanning,’ whose inner thoughts shall unroll -themselves in the pages that follow. - - - - -II. - -Lambkin’s Newdigate - -POEM WRITTEN FOR “NEWDIGATE PRIZE” IN ENGLISH VERSE - -BY J. A. LAMBKIN, ESQ., OF BURFORD COLLEGE - -_N.B._--[_The competitors are confined to the use of Rhymed Heroic -Iambic Pentameters, but the introduction of_ LYRICS _is permitted_] - -Subject: “THE BENEFITS CONFERRED BY SCIENCE, ESPECIALLY IN CONNECTION -WITH THE ELECTRIC LIGHT” - -_For the benefit of those who do not care to read through the Poem but -desire to know its contents, I append the following headings_: - - -INVOCATION TO THE MUSE - - Hail! Happy Muse, and touch the tuneful string! - The benefits conferred by Science[10] I sing. - - -HIS THEME: THE ELECTRIC LIGHT AND ITS BENEFITS - - Under the kind Examiners’[11] direction - I only write about them in connection - With benefits which the Electric Light - Confers on us; especially at night. - These are my theme, of these my song shall rise. - My lofty head shall swell to strike the skies,[12] - And tears of hopeless love bedew the maiden’s eyes. - - -SECOND INVOCATION TO THE MUSE - - Descend, O Muse, from thy divine abode, - - -OSNEY - - To Osney, on the Seven Bridges Road; - For under Osney’s solitary shade - The bulk of the Electric Light is made. - Here are the works, from hence the current flows - Which (so the Company’s prospectus goes) - - -POWER OF WORKS THERE - - Can furnish to Subscribers hour by hour - No less than sixteen thousand candle power,[13] - All at a thousand volts. (It is essential - To keep the current at this high potential - In spite of the considerable expense.) - - -STATISTICS CONCERNING THEM - - The Energy developed represents, - Expressed in foot-tons, the united forces - Of fifteen elephants and forty horses. - But shall my scientific detail thus - Clip the dear wings of Buoyant Pegasus? - - -POETICAL OR RHETORICAL QUESTIONS - - Shall pure statistics jar upon the ear - That pants for Lyric accents loud and clear? - Shall I describe the complex Dynamo - Or write about its commutator? No! - - -THE THEME CHANGES - - To happier fields I lead my wanton pen, - The proper study of mankind is men. - - -THIRD INVOCATION TO THE MUSE - - Awake, my Muse! Portray the pleasing sight - That meets us where they make Electric Light. - - -A PICTURE OF THE ELECTRICIAN - - Behold the Electrician where he stands: - Soot, oil, and verdigris are on his hands; - Large spots of grease defile his dirty clothes, - The while his conversation drips with oaths. - Shall such a being perish in its youth? - Alas! it is indeed the fatal truth. - In that dull brain, beneath that hair unkempt, - Familiarity has bred contempt. - We warn him of the gesture all too late; - Oh, Heartless Jove! Oh, Adamantine Fate! - - -HIS AWFUL FATE - - Some random Touch--a hand’s imprudent slip-- - The Terminals--a flash--a sound like “Zip!” - A smell of Burning fills the startled Air-- - The Electrician is no longer there! - - * * * * * - - -HE CHANGES HIS THEME - - But let us turn with true Artistic scorn - From facts funereal and from views forlorn - Of Erebus and Blackest midnight born.[14] - - -FOURTH INVOCATION TO THE MUSE - - Arouse thee, Muse! and chaunt in accents rich - The interesting processes by which - The Electricity is passed along: - These are my theme, to these I bend my song. - - -DESCRIPTION OF METHOD BY WHICH THE CURRENT IS USED - - It runs encased in wood or porous brick - Through copper wires two millimetres thick, - And insulated on their dangerous mission - By indiarubber, silk, or composition, - Here you may put with critical felicity - The following question: “What is Electricity?” - - -DIFFICULTY OF DETERMINING NATURE OF ELECTRICITY - - “Molecular Activity,” say some, - Others when asked say nothing, and are dumb. - Whatever be its nature: this is clear, - The rapid current checked in its career, - Baulked in its race and halted in its course[15] - Transforms to heat and light its latent force: - - -CONSERVATION OF ENERGY. PROOFS OF THIS: NO EXPERIMENT NEEDED - - It needs no pedant in the lecturer’s chair - To prove that light and heat are present there. - The pear-shaped vacuum globe, I understand, - Is far too hot to fondle with the hand. - While, as is patent to the meanest sight, - The carbon filament is very bright. - - -DOUBTS ON THE MUNICIPAL SYSTEM, BUT-- - - As for the lights they hang about the town, - Some praise them highly, others run them down. - This system (technically called the arc) - Makes some passages too light, others too dark. - - -NONE ON THE DOMESTIC - - But in the house the soft and constant rays - Have always met with universal praise. - - -ITS ADVANTAGES - - For instance: if you want to read in bed - No candle burns beside your curtains’ head, - Far from some distant corner of the room - The incandescent lamp dispels the gloom, - - -ADVANTAGES OF LARGE PRINT - - And with the largest print need hardly try - The powers of any young and vigorous eye. - - -FIFTH INVOCATION TO THE MUSE - - Aroint thee, Muse! inspired the poet sings! - I cannot help observing future things! - - -THE ONLY HOPE OF HUMANITY IS IN SCIENCE - - Life is a vale, its paths are dark and rough - Only because we do not know enough. - When Science has discovered something more - We shall be happier than we were before. - - -PERORATION IN THE SPIRIT OF THE REST OF THE POEM - - Hail! Britain, mistress of the Azure Main, - Ten Thousand Fleets sweep over thee in vain! - Hail! mighty mother of the brave and free, - That beat Napoleon, and gave birth to me! - Thou that canst wrap in thine emblazoned robe - One quarter of the habitable globe. - Thy mountains, wafted by a favouring breeze, - Like mighty hills withstand the stormy seas. - - -WARNING TO BRITAIN - - Thou art a Christian Commonwealth. And yet - Be thou not all unthankful--nor forget - As thou exultest in Imperial might - The benefits of the Electric Light. - - - - -III. - -Some Remarks on Lambkin’s Prose Style - - -No achievement of my dear friend’s produced a greater effect than the -English Essay which he presented at his examination. That so young -a man, and a man trained in such an environment as his, should have -written an essay at all was sufficiently remarkable, but that his -work should have shown such mastery in the handling, such delicate -balance of idea, and so much know-ledge (in the truest sense of the -word), coupled with such an astounding insight into human character -and contemporary psychology, was enough to warrant the remark of the -then Warden of Burford: “If these things” (said the aged but eminent -divine), “if these things” (it was said in all reverence and with a -full sense of the responsibility of his position), “If these things are -done in the green wood, what will be done in the dry?” - -Truly it may be said that the Green Wood of Lambkin’s early years as an -Undergraduate was worthily followed by the Dry Wood of his later life -as a fellow and even tutor, nay, as a Bursar of his college. - -It is not my purpose to add much to the reader’s own impressions of -this _tour de force_, or to insist too strongly upon the skill and -breadth of treatment which will at once make their mark upon any -intelligent man, and even upon the great mass of the public. But I may -be forgiven if I give some slight personal memories in interpretation -of a work which is necessarily presented in the cold medium of type. - -Lambkin’s hand-writing was flowing and determined, but was often -difficult to read, a quality which led in the later years of his life -to the famous retort made by the Rural Dean of Henchthorp to the -Chaplain of Bower’s Hall.[16] His manuscript was, like Lord Byron’s -(and unlike the famous Codex V in the Vatican), remarkable for its -erasures, of which as many as three may be seen in some places -super-imposed, ladderwise, _en échelle_, the one above the other, -perpendicularly to the line of writing. - -This excessive fastidiousness in the use of words was the cause of his -comparatively small production of written work; and thus the essay -printed below was the labour of nearly three hours. His ideas in this -matter were best represented by his little epigram on the appearance -of Liddell and Scott’s larger Greek Lexicon. “Quality not quantity” -was the witty phrase which he was heard to mutter when he received his -first copy of that work. - -The nervous strain of so much anxiety about his literary work wearied -both mind and body, but he had his reward. The scholarly aptitude of -every particle in the phrase, and the curious symmetry apparent in -the great whole of the essay are due to a quality which he pushed -indeed to excess, but never beyond the boundary that separates Right -and Wrong; we admire in the product what we might criticise in the -method, and when we judge as critics we are compelled as Englishmen and -connoisseurs to congratulate and to applaud. - -He agreed with Aristotle in regarding lucidity as the main virtue -of style. And if he sometimes failed to attain his ideal in this -matter, the obscurity was due to none of those mannerisms which are so -deplorable in a Meredith or a Browning, but rather to the fact that he -found great difficulty in ending a sentence as he had begun it. His -mind outran his pen; and the sentence from his University sermon, -“England must do her duty, or what will the harvest be?” stirring and -patriotic as it is, certainly suffers from some such fault, though I -cannot quite see where. - -The Oxymoron, the Aposiopesis, the Nominativus Pendens, the Anacoluthon -and the Zeugma he looked upon with abhorrence and even with dread. -He was a friend to all virile enthusiasm in writing but a foe to -rhetoric, which (he would say) “Is cloying even in a demagogue, and -actually nauseating in the literary man.” He drew a distinction between -_eloquence_ and rhetoric, often praising the one and denouncing the -other with the most abandoned fervour: indeed, it was his favourite -diversion in critical conversation accurately to determine the meaning -of words. In early youth he would often split an infinitive or end -a sentence with a preposition. But, ever humble and ready to learn, -he determined, after reading Mrs. Griffin’s well-known essays in the -_Daily American_, to eschew such conduct for the future; and it was a -most touching sight to watch him, even in extreme old age, his reverend -white locks sweeping the paper before him and his weak eyes peering -close at the MSS. as he carefully went over his phrases with a pen, -scratching out and amending, at the end of his day’s work, the errors -of this nature. - -He commonly used a gilt “J” nib, mounted upon a holder of imitation -ivory, but he was not cramped by any petty limitations in such details -and would, if necessity arose, make use of a quill, or even of a -fountain pen, insisting, however, if he was to use the latter, that it -should be of the best. - -The paper upon which he wrote the work that remains to us was the -ordinary ruled foolscap of commerce; but this again he regarded as -quite unimportant. It was the matter of what he wrote that concerned -him, not (as is so often the case with lesser men) the mere accidents -of pen or paper. - -I remember little else of moment with regard to his way of writing, but -I make no doubt that these details will not be without their interest; -for the personal habits of a great man have a charm of their own. I -read once that the sum of fifty pounds was paid for the pen of Charles -Dickens. I wonder what would be offered for a similar sacred relic, of -a man more obscure, but indirectly of far greater influence; a relic -which I keep by me with the greatest reverence, which I do not use -myself, however much at a loss I may be for pen or pencil, and with -which I never, upon any account, allow the children to play. - -But I must draw to a close, or I should merit the reproach of lapsing -into a sentimental peroration, and be told that I am myself indulging -in that rhetoric which Lambkin so severely condemned. - - - - -IV. - -Lambkin’s Essay on “Success” - - -ON “SUCCESS:” ITS CAUSES AND RESULTS - -[Sidenote: Difficulty of Subject] - -In approaching a problem of this nature, with all its anomalies and -analogues, we are at once struck by the difficulty of conditioning any -accurate estimate of the factors of the solution of the difficulty -which is latent in the very terms of the above question. We shall do -well perhaps, however, to clearly differentiate from its fellows the -proposition we have to deal with, and similarly as an inception of -our analysis to permanently fix the definitions and terms we shall be -talking of, with, and by. - -[Sidenote: Definition of Success] - -Success may be defined as the _Successful Consummation of an Attempt_ -or more shortly as the _Realisation of an imagined Good_, and as it -implies Desire or the Wish for a thing, and at the same time action -or the attempt to get at a thing,[17] we might look at Success from -yet another point of view and say that _Success is the realisation -of Desire through action_. Indeed this last definition seems on the -whole to be the best; but it is evident that in this, as in all -other matters, it is impossible to arrive at perfection, and our -safest definition will be that which is found to be on the whole most -approximately the average mean[18] of many hundreds that might be -virtually constructed to more or less accurately express the idea we -have undertaken to do. - -So far then it is evident that while we may have a fairly definite -subjective visual concept of what Success is, we shall never be able to -convey to others in so many words exactly what our idea may be. - - “What am I? - , . . . . - An infant crying for the light - That has no language but a cry” - -[Sidenote: Method of dealing with Problem] - -It is, however, of more practical importance nevertheless, to arrive -at some method or other by which we can in the long run attack the -very serious problem presented to us. Our best chance of arriving at -any solution will lie in attempting to give objective form to what it -is we have to do with. For this purpose we will first of all divide -all actions into (א) Successful and (ב) Non-successful[19] actions. -These two categories are at once mutually exclusive and collectively -universal. Nothing of which Success can be truly predicated, can at -the same time be called with any approach to accuracy Unsuccessful; -and similarly if an action finally result in Non-success, it is quite -evident that to speak of its “Success” would be to trifle with words -and to throw dust into our own eyes, which is a fatal error in any -case. We have then these two primary catēgories what is true of one -will, with certain reservations, be untrue of the other, in most cases -(we will come to that later) and _vice-versâ_. - - (1) Success. - (2) Non-success. - -[Sidenote: First great Difficulty] - -But here we are met at the outset of our examination by a difficulty of -enormous dimensions. There is not one success; there are many. There -is the success of the Philosopher, of the Scientist, of the Politician, -of the Argument, of the Commanding Officer, of the Divine, of the -mere unthinking Animal appetite, and of others more numerous still. -It is evident that with such a vast number of different subsidiary -catēgories within our main catēgory it would be impossible to arrive at -any absolute conclusions, or to lay down any firm general principle. -For the moment we had erected some such fundamental foundation the -fair structure would be blown to a thousand atoms by the consideration -of some fresh form, aspect or realisation, of Success which might -have escaped our vision, so that where should we be then? It is -therefore most eminently a problem in which we should beware of undue -generalisations and hasty dogmatism. We must abandon here as everywhere -the immoral and exploded cant of mediæval deductive methods invented by -priests and mummers to enslave the human mind, and confine ourselves to -what we absolutely _know_. Shall we towards the end of this essay truly -_know_ anything with regard to Success? Who can tell! But at least let -us not cheat ourselves with the axioms, affirmations and dogmas which -are, in a certain sense, the ruin of so many; let us, if I may use a -metaphor, “abandon the _à priori_ for the _chiaro-oscuro_.” - -[Sidenote: Second much greater Difficulty] - -But if the problem is complex from the great variety of the various -kinds of Success, what shall we say of the disturbance introduced -by a new aspect of the matter, which we are now about to allude to! -Aye! What indeed! An aspect so widespread in its consequences, so -momentous and so fraught with menace to all philosophy, so big with -portent, and of such threatening aspect to humanity itself, that we -hesitate even to bring it forward![20] _Success is not always Success: -Non-success (or Failure) is an aspect of Success, and vice-versâ._ This -apparent paradox will be seen to be true on a little consideration. -For “Success” in any one case involves the “Failure” or “Non-success” -of its opposite or correlative. Thus, if we bet ten pounds with one of -our friends our “Success” would be his “Non-success,” and _vice-versâ_, -collaterally. Again, if we desire to fail in a matter (_e.g._, any man -would hope to fail in being hanged[21]), then to succeed is to fail, -and to fail is to succeed, and our successful failure would fail were -we to happen upon a disastrous success! And note that the _very same -act_, not this, that, or another, but THE VERY SAME, is (according -to the way we look at it) a “successful” or an “unsuccessful” act. -Success therefore not only _may_ be, but _must_ be Failure, and the two -catēgories upon which we had built such high hopes have disappeared for -ever! - -[Sidenote: Solemn considerations consequent upon this] - -Terrible thought! A thing can be at once itself and not itself--nay -its own opposite! The mind reels, and the frail human vision peering -over the immense gulf of metaphysical infinity is lost in a cry for -mercy and trembles on the threshold of the unseen! What visions of -horror and madness may not be reserved for the too daring soul which -has presumed to knock at the Doors of Silence! Let us learn from the -incomprehensible how small and weak a thing is man! - -[Sidenote: A more cheerful view] - -But it would ill-befit the philosopher to abandon his effort because -of a kind of a check or two at the start. The great hand of Time -shouts ever “onward”; and even if we cannot discover the Absolute in -the limits of this essay, we may rise from the ashes of our tears to -better and happier things. - -[Sidenote: The beginning of a Solution] - -A light seems to dawn on us. We shall not arrive at the full day -but we shall see “in a glass darkly” what, in the final end of our -development, may perhaps be more clearly revealed to us. It is evident -that we have been dealing with a relative. _How_ things so apparently -absolute as hanging or betting can be in any true sense relative we -cannot tell, because we cannot conceive the majestic whole of which -Success and Failure, plus and minus, up and down, yes and no, truth -and lies, are but as the glittering facets of a diamond borne upon the -finger of some titled and wealthy person. - -Our error came from foolish self-sufficiency and pride. We thought -(forsooth) that our mere human conceptions of contradiction were real. -It has been granted to us (though we are but human still), to discover -our error--there is no hot or cold, no light or dark, and no good or -evil, all are, in a certain sense, and with certain limitations (if I -may so express myself) the Aspects---- - -_At this point the bell rang and the papers had to be delivered up. -Lambkin could not let his work go, however, without adding a few words -to show what he might have done had time allowed. He wrote:--_ - -“No Time. Had intended examples--Success, Academic, Acrobatic, -Agricultural, Aristocratic, Bacillic ... Yaroslavic, Zenobidic, -etc. Historical cases examined, Biggar’s view, H. Unity, Univ. -Consciousness, Amphodunissa,[22] Setxm [Illustration].” - - - - -V. - -Lambkin on Sleep - - -[_This little gem was written for the great Monograph on “Being,” which -Lambkin never lived to complete. It was included, however, in his -little volume of essays entitled “Rictus Almae Matris.” The careful -footnotes, the fund of information, and the scholarly accuracy of -the whole sketch are an example--(alas! the only one)--of what his -full work would have been had he brought it to a conclusion. It is an -admirable example of his manner in maturer years._] - -In sleep our faculties lie dormant.[23] We perceive nothing or almost -nothing of our surroundings; and the deeper our slumber the more -absolute is the barrier between ourselves and the outer world. The -causes of this “Cessation of Consciousness” (as it has been admirably -called by Professor M‘Obvy)[24] lie hidden from our most profound -physiologists. It was once my privilege to meet the master of physical -science who has rendered famous the University of Kreigenswald,[25] and -I asked him what in his opinion was the cause of sleep. He answered, -with that reverence which is the glory of the Teutonic mind, “It is in -the dear secret of the All-wise Nature-mother preserved.” I have never -forgotten those wise and weighty words.[26] - -Perhaps the nearest guess as to the nature of Sleep is to be -discovered in the lectures of a brilliant but sometimes over-daring -young scholar whom we all applaud in the chair of Psychology. “Sleep” -(he says) “is the direct product of Brain Somnolence, which in its -turn is the result of the need for Repose that every organism must -experience after any specialised exertion.” I was present when this -sentence was delivered, and I am not ashamed to add that I was one of -those who heartily cheered the young speaker.[27] - -We may assert, then, that Science has nearly conquered this last -stronghold of ignorance and superstition.[28] - -As to the Muses, we know well that Sleep has been their favourite -theme for ages. With the exception of Catullus (whose verses have been -greatly over-rated, and who is always talking of people lying awake -at night), all the ancients have mentioned and praised this innocent -pastime. Everyone who has done Greats will remember the beautiful -passage in Lucretius,[29] but perhaps that in Sidonius Apollinaris, the -highly polished Bishop of Gaul, is less well known.[30] To turn to our -own literature, the sonnet beginning “To die, to sleep,” etc.,[31] must -be noted, and above all, the glorious lines in which Wordsworth reaches -his noblest level, beginning-- - - “It is a pleasant thing to go to sleep!” - -lines which, for my part, I can never read without catching some of -their magical drowsy influence.[32] - -All great men have slept. George III. frequently slept,[33] and that -great and good man Wycliffe was in the habit of reading his Scriptural -translations and his own sermons nightly to produce the desired -effect.[34] The Duke of Wellington (whom my father used to call “The -Iron Duke”) slept on a little bedstead no larger than a common man’s. - -As for the various positions in which one may sleep, I treat of them -in my little book of Latin Prose for Schools, which is coming out next -year.[35] - - - - -VI. - -Lambkin’s Advice to Freshmen - - -Mr. Lambkin possessed among other great and gracious qualities the -habit of writing to his nephew, Thomas Ezekiel Lambkin,[36] who -entered the college as an undergraduate when his uncle was some four -years a Fellow. Of many such communications he valued especially -this which I print below, on account of the curious and pathetic -circumstances which surrounded it. Some months after Thomas had been -given his two groups and had left the University, Mr. Lambkin was -looking over some books in a second-hand book shop--not with the -intention of purchasing so much as to improve the mind. It was a -favourite habit of his, and as he was deeply engaged in a powerful -romance written under the pseudonym of “Marie Corelli”[37] there -dropped from its pages the letter which he had sent so many years -before. It lay in its original envelope unopened, and on turning to -the flyleaf he saw the name of his nephew written. It had once been -his! The boy had so treasured the little missive as to place it in his -favourite book! - -Lambkin was so justly touched by the incident as to purchase the -volume, asking that the price might be entered to his account, which -was not then of any long standing. The letter he docketed “to be -published after my death.” And I obey the wishes of my revered friend: - - “MY DEAR THOMAS, - -“Here you are at last in Oxford, and at Burford, ‘a Burford Man.’ How -proud your mother must be and even your father, whom I well remember -saying that ‘if he were not an accountant, he would rather be a Fellow -of Burford than anything else on earth.’ But it was not to be. - -“The life you are entering is very different from that which you -have left behind. When you were at school you were under a strict -discipline, you were compelled to study the classics and to play -at various games. Cleanliness and truthfulness were enforced by -punishment, while the most instinctive habits of decency and good -manners could only be acquired at the expense of continual application. -In a word, ‘you were a child and thought as a child.’ - -“Now all that is changed, you are free (within limits) to follow your -own devices, to make or mar yourself. But if you use Oxford aright she -will make you as she has made so many of your kind--a perfect gentleman. - -“But enough of these generalities. It is time to turn to one or two -definite bits of advice which I hope you will receive in the right -spirit. My dear boy, I want you to lay your hand in mine while I speak -to you, not as an uncle, but rather as an elder brother. Promise me -three things. First never to gamble in any form; secondly, never to -drink a single glass of wine after dinner; thirdly, never to purchase -anything without paying for it in cash. If you will make such strict -rules for yourself and keep them religiously you will find after years -of constant effort a certain result developing (as it were), you will -discover with delight that your character is formed; that you have -neither won nor lost money at hazards, that you have never got drunk -of an evening, and that you have no debts. Of the first two I can only -say that they are questions of morality on which we all may, and all -_do_, differ. But the third is of a vital and practical importance. -Occasional drunkenness is a matter for private judgment, its rightness -or wrongness depends upon our ethical system; but debt is fatal to any -hope of public success. - -“I hesitate a little to mention one further point; but--may I say -it?--will you do your best to avoid drinking neat spirits in the early -morning--especially Brandy? Of course a Governor and Tutor, whatever -his abilities, gets removed in his sympathies from the younger men.[38] -The habit may have died out, and if so I will say no more, but in my -time it was the ruin of many a fair young life. - -“Now as to your day and its order. First, rise briskly when you are -called, and into your cold bath, you young dog![39] No shilly-shally; -into it. Don’t splash the water about in a miserable attempt to deceive -your scout, but take an Honest British Cold Bath like a man. Soap -should never be used save on the hands and neck. As to hot baths, -never ask for them in College, it would give great trouble, and it is -much better to take one in the Town for a shilling; nothing is more -refreshing than a good hot bath in the Winter Term. - -“Next you go out and ‘keep’ a Mosque, Synagogue, or Meeting of the -Brethren, though if you can agree with the system it is far better to -go to your College Chapel; it puts a man right with his superiors and -you obey the Apostolic injunction.[40] - -“Then comes your breakfast. Eat as much as you can; it is the -foundation of a good day’s work in the Vineyard. But what is this?--a -note from your Tutor. Off you go at the appointed time, and as you -may be somewhat nervous and diffident I will give you a little -Paradigm,[41] as it were, of a Freshman meeting his Tutor for the first -time. - -“[_The Student enters, and as he is half way through the door says:--_] - -“_St._--Good morning! Have you noticed what the papers say -about--[_Here mention some prominent subject of the day._] - -“[_The Tutor does not answer but goes on writing in a little book; at -last he looks up and says:--_] - -“_Tut._--Pray, what is your name? - -“_St._--M. or N. - -“_Tut._--What have you read before coming up, Mr. ----? - -“_St._--The existing Latin authors from Ennius to Sidonius -Apollinaris, with their fragments. The Greek from Sappho to Origen -including Bacchylides. - -[_The Tutor makes a note of this and resumes...._] - -“_Tut._--Have you read the Gospels? - -“_St._--No, Sir. - -“_Tut._--You must read two of them as soon as possible in the Greek, as -it is necessary to the passing of Divinity, unless indeed you prefer -the beautiful work of Plato. Come at ten to-morrow. Good morning. - -“_St._--I am not accustomed to being spoken to in that fashion. - -[_The Tutor will turn to some other Student, and the first Student will -leave the room._] - -“I have little more to say. You will soon learn the customs of the -place, and no words of mine can efficiently warn you as experience -will. Put on a black coat before Hall, and prepare for that meal -with neatness, but with no extravagant display. Do not wear your cap -and gown in the afternoon, do not show an exaggerated respect to the -younger fellows (except the Chaplain), on the one hand, nor a silly -contempt for the older Dons upon the other. The first line of conduct -is that of a timid and uncertain mind; it is of no profit for future -advancement, and draws down upon one the contempt of all. The second -is calculated to annoy as fine a body of men as any in England, and -seriously to affect your reputation in Society. - -“You will find in every college some club which contains the wealthier -undergraduates and those of prominent position. Join it if possible -at once before you are known. At its weekly meetings speak soberly, -but not pompously. Enliven your remarks with occasional flashes of -humour, but do not trench upon the ribald nor pass the boundary of -right-reason. Such excesses may provoke a momentary laugh, but they -ultimately destroy all respect for one’s character. Remember Lot’s wife! - -“You will row, of course, and as you rush down to the river after a -hurried lunch and dash up to do a short bit of reading before Hall, -your face will glow with satisfaction at the thought that every day of -your life will be so occupied for four years. - -“Of the grosser and lower evils I need not warn you: you will not give -money to beggars in the street, nor lend it to your friends. You will -not continually expose your private thoughts, nor open your heart to -every comer in the vulgar enthusiasm of some whom you may meet. No, my -dear Ezekiel, it would be unworthy of your name, and I know you too -well, to fear such things of you. You are a Gentleman, and that you -may, like a gentleman, be always at your ease, courteous on occasion, -but familiar never, is the earnest prayer of-- - - “JOSIAH LAMBKIN.” - - - - -VII. - -Lambkin’s Lecture on “Right” - - -Of the effects of Mr. Lambkin’s lectures, the greatest and (I venture -to think) the most permanent are those that followed from his course -on _Ethics_. The late Dean of Heaving-on-the-Marsh (the Honourable -Albert Nathan-Merivale, the first name adopted from his property in -Rutland) told me upon one occasion that he owed the direction of his -mind to those lectures (under Providence) more than to any other -lectures he could remember. - -Very much the same idea was conveyed to me, more or less, by the -Bishop of Humbury, who turned to me in hall, only a year ago, with a -peculiar look in his eyes, and (as I had mentioned Lambkin’s name) said -suddenly, like a man who struggles with an emotion:[42] “Lambkin(!)[43] -... did not he give lectures in your hall ... on Ethics?” “Some,” -I replied, “were given in the Hall, others in Lecture Room No. 2 -over the glory-hole.” His lordship said nothing, but there was a -world of thought and reminiscence in his eyes. May we not--knowing -his lordship’s difficulties in matters of belief, and his final -victory--ascribe something of this progressive and salutary influence -to my dear friend? - - -ON “RIGHT” - - [_Being Lecture V. in a course of Eight, delivered, in the Autumn - Term of 1878._] - -We have now proceeded for a considerable distance in our journey -towards the Solution. Of eight lectures, of which I had proposed to -make so many milestones on the road, the fifth is reached, and now we -are in measurable distance of the Great Answer; the Understanding of -the Relations of the Particular to the Universal. - -It is an easy, though a profitable task to wander in what the late Sir -Reginald Hawke once called in a fine phrase “the flowery meads and -bosky dells of Positive Knowledge.” It is in the essence of any modern -method of inquiry that we should be first sure of our facts, and it -is on this account that all philosophical research worthy of the name -must begin with the physical sciences. For the last few weeks I have -illustrated my lectures with chemical experiments and occasionally -with large coloured diagrams, which, especially to young people like -yourselves have done not a little to enliven what might at first appear -a very dull subject. It is therefore with happy, hopeful hearts, -with sparkling eyes and eager appetite that we leave the physical -entry-hall of knowledge to approach the delicious feast of metaphysics. - -But here a difficulty confronts us. So far we have followed an -historical development. We have studied the actions of savages and the -gestures of young children; we have enquired concerning the habits -of sleepwalkers, and have drawn our conclusions from the attitudes -adopted in special manias. So far, then, we have been on safe ground. -We have proceeded from the known to the unknown, and we have correlated -Psychology, Sociology, Anatomy, Morphology, Physiology, Geography, -and Theology (_here Mr. Darkin of Vast, who had been ailing a long -time, was carried out in a faint; Mr. Lambkin, being short-sighted, -did not fully seize what had happened, and thinking that certain of -his audience were leaving the Hall without permission, he became as -nearly angry as was possible to such a man. He made a short speech on -the decay of manners, and fell into several bitter epigrams. It is only -just to say that, on learning the occasion of the interruption, he -regretted the expression “strong meat for babes” which had escaped him -at the time._) - -So far so good. But there is something more. No one can proceed -indefinitely in the study of Ethics without coming, sooner or later, -upon the Conventional conception of _Right_. I do not mean that this -conception has any philosophic value. I should be the last to lay down -for it those futile, empirical and dogmatic foundations which may -satisfy narrow, deductive minds. But there it is, and as practical men -with it we must deal. What is _Right_? Whence proceeds this curious -conglomeration of idealism, mysticism, empiricism, and fanaticism to -which the name has been given? - -It is impossible to say. It is the duty of the lecturer to set -forth the scheme of truth: to make (as it were) a map or plan of -Epistemology. He is not concerned to demonstrate a point; he is not -bound to dispute the attitude of opponents. Let them fall of their own -weight (_Ruant mole suâ_). It is mine to show that things _may_ be thus -or thus, and I will most steadily refuse to be drawn into sterile -argument and profitless discussion with mere affirmations. - -“The involute of progression is the subconscious evolution of the -particular function.” No close reasoner will deny this. It is the -final summing up of all that is meant by Development. It is the root -formula of the nineteenth century that is now, alas! drawing to a close -under our very eyes. Now to such a fundamental proposition I add a -second. “The sentiment of right is the inversion of the subconscious -function in its relation to the indeterminate ego.” This also I take -to be admitted by all European philosophers in Germany. Now I will not -go so far as to say that a major premiss when it is absolutely sound, -followed by a minor equally sound, leads to a sure conclusion. God -fulfils himself in many ways, and there are more things in heaven and -earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. But I take this -tentatively: that if these two propositions are true (and we have the -word of Herr Waldteufel,[44] who lives in the Woodstock Road, that -it is true) then it follows conclusively that no certainty can be -arrived at in these matters. I would especially recommend you on this -point (_here Mr. Lambkin changed his lecturing voice for a species of -conversational, interested and familiar tone_) to read the essay by -the late Dr. Barton in _Shots at the Probable_: you will also find the -third chapter of Mr. Mendellsohn’s _History of the Soul_ very useful. -Remember also, by the way, to consult the footnote on p. 343, of -Renan’s _Anti-Christ_. The Master of St. Dives’ _Little Journeys in the -Obvious_ is light and amusing, but instructive in its way. - -There is a kind of attitude (_this was Lambkin’s peroration, and he was -justly proud of it_) which destroys nothing but creates much: which -transforms without metamorphosis, and which says “look at this, I have -found truth!” but which dares not say “look away from that--it is -untrue.” - -Such is our aim. Let us make without unmaking and in this difficult -question of the origin of _Right_, the grand old Anglo-Saxon sense -of “Ought,” let us humbly adopt as logicians, but grimly pursue as -practical men some such maxim as what follows: - -“Right came from nothing, it means nothing, it leads to nothing; with -it we are nothing, but without it we are worse than nothing.”[45] - -Next Thursday I shall deal with morality in international relations. - - - - -VIII. - -Lambkin’s Special Correspondence - - -Lambkin was almost the first of that great band of Oxford Fellows who -go as special correspondents for Newspapers to places of difficulty -and even of danger. On the advantages of this system he would often -dilate, and he was glad to see, as he grew to be an older, a wealthier, -and a wiser man, that others were treading in his footsteps. “The -younger men,” he would say, “have noticed what perhaps I was the first -to see, that the Press is a Power, and that men who are paid to educate -should not be ashamed to be paid for any form of education.” He was, -however, astonished to see how rapidly the letters of a correspondent -could now be issued as a book, and on finding that such publications -were arranged for separately with the publishers, and were not the -property of the Newspapers, he expressed himself with a just warmth in -condemnation of such a trick. - -“Sir” (said he to the Chaplain), “in my young days we should have -scorned to have faked up work, well done for a particular object, in -a new suit for the sake of wealth”; and I owe it to Lambkin’s memory -to say that he did not make a penny by his “Diary on the Deep,”[46] -in which he collected towards the end of his life his various letters -written to the Newspapers, and mostly composed at sea. - -The occasion which produced the following letter was the abominable -suppression by Italian troops of the Catholic Riots at Rome in 1873. -Englishmen of all parties had been stirred to a great indignation at -the news of the atrocities. “As a nation” (to quote my dear friend) “we -are slow to anger, but our anger is terrible.” And such was indeed the -case. - -A great meeting was held at Hampstead, in which Mr. Ram made his famous -speech. “This is not a question of religion or of nationality but of -manhood (he had said), and if we do not give our sympathy freely, if we -do not send out correspondents to inform us of the truth, if we do not -meet in public and protest, if we do not write and speak and read till -our strength be exhausted, then is England no longer the England of -Cromwell and of Peel.” - -Such public emotion could not fail to reach Lambkin. I remember his -coming to me one night into my rooms and saying “George (for my name -is George), I had to-day a letter from Mr. Solomon’s paper--_The Sunday -Englishman_. They want me to go and report on this infamous matter, and -I will go. Do not attempt to dissuade me. I shall return--if God spares -my life--before the end of the vacation. The offer is most advantageous -in every way: I mean to England, to the cause of justice, and to that -freedom of thought without which there is no true religion. For, -understand me, that though these poor wretches are Roman Catholics, I -hold that every man should have justice, and my blood boils within me.” - -He left me with a parting grip of the hand, promising to bring me back -photographs from the Museum at Naples. - -If the letter that follows appears to be lacking in any full account of -the Italian army and its infamies, if it is observed to be meagre and -jejune on the whole subject of the Riots, that is to be explained by -the simple facts that follow. - -When Lambkin sailed, the British Fleet had already occupied a deep and -commodious harbour on the coast of Apulia, and public irritation was -at its height; but by the time he landed the Quirinal had been forced -to an apology, the Vatican had received monetary compensation, and the -Piedmontese troops had been compelled to evacuate Rome. - -He therefore found upon landing at Leghorn[47] a telegram from the -newspaper, saying that his services were not required, but that the -monetary engagements entered into by the proprietors would be strictly -adhered to. - -Partly pleased, partly disappointed, Lambkin returned to Oxford, -taking sketches on the way from various artists whom he found willing -to sell their productions. These he later hung round his room, not on -nails (which as he very properly said, defaced the wall), but from a -rail;--their colours are bright and pleasing. He also brought me the -photographs I asked him for, and they now hang in my bedroom. - -This summary must account for the paucity of the notes that follow, and -the fact that they were never published. - -[There was some little doubt as to whether certain strictures on -the First Mate in Mr. Lambkin’s letters did not affect one of our -best families. Until I could make certain whether the Estate should -be credited with a receipt on this account or debited with a loss I -hesitated to publish. Mr. Lambkin left no heirs, but he would have been -the first to regret (were he alive) any diminution of his small fortune. - -I am glad to say that it has been satisfactorily settled, and that -while all parties have gained none have lost by the settlement.] - - - * * * * * - - -THE LETTERS - - _s.s. Borgia, Gravesend, - Sunday, Sept. 27th, 1873_ - -Whatever scruples I might have had in sending off my first letter -before I had left the Thames, and upon such a day, are dissipated -by the emotions to which the scenes I have just passed through give -rise.[48] - -What can be more marvellous than this historic river! All is dark, save -where the electric light on shore, the river-boats’ lanterns on the -water, the gas-lamps and the great glare of the town[49] dispel the -gloom. And over the river itself, the old Tamesis, a profound silence -reigns, broken only by the whistling of the tugs, the hoarse cries of -the bargemen and the merry banjo-party under the awning of our ship. -All is still, noiseless and soundless: a profound silence broods over -the mighty waters. It is night. - -It is night and silent! Silence and night! The two primeval things! -I wonder whether it has ever occurred to the readers of the _Sunday -Englishman_ to travel over the great waters, or to observe in their -quiet homes the marvellous silence of the night? Would they know of -what my thoughts were full? They were full of those poor Romans, -insulted, questioned and disturbed by a brutal soldiery, and I thought -of this: that we who go out on a peculiarly pacific mission, who have -only to write while others wield the sword, we also do our part. Pray -heaven the time may soon come when an English Protectorate shall be -declared over Rome and the hateful rule of the Lombard foreigners shall -cease.[50] - -There is for anyone of the old viking blood a kind of fascination in -the sea. The screw is modern, but its vibration is the very movement -of the wild white oars that brought the Northmen[51] to the field of -Senlac.[52] Now I know how we have dared and done all. I could conquer -Sicily to-night. - -As I paced the deck, an officer passed and slapped me heartily on -the shoulder. It was the First Mate. A rough diamond but a diamond -none the less. He asked me where I was bound to. I said Leghorn. He -then asked me if I had all I needed for the voyage. It seems that I -had strayed on to the part of the deck reserved for the second-class -passengers. I informed him of his error. He laughed heartily and said -we shouldn’t quarrel about that. I said his ship seemed to be a Saucy -Lass. He answered “That’s all right,” asked me if I played “Turn-up -Jack,” and left me. It is upon men like this that the greatness of -England is founded. - -Well, I will “turn in” and “go below” for my watch; “you gentlemen of -England” who read the _Sunday Englishman_, you little know what life is -like on the high seas; but we are one, I think, when it comes to the -love of blue water. - - _Posted at Dover, Monday, Sept. 28, 1873._ - -We have dropped the pilot. I have nothing in particular to write. -There is a kind of monotony about a sea voyage which is very depressing -to the spirits. The sea was smooth last night, and yet I awoke this -morning with a feeling of un-quiet to which I have long been a -stranger, and which should not be present in a healthy man. I fancy -the very slight oscillation of the boat has something to do with it, -though the lady sitting next to me tells me that one only feels it in -steamboats. She said her dear husband had told her it was “the smell of -the oil”--I hinted that at breakfast one can talk of other things. - -The First Mate sits at the head of our table. I do not know how it is, -but there is a lack of _social reaction_ on board a ship. A man is a -seaman or a passenger, and there is an end of it. One has no fixed -rank, and the wholesome discipline of social pressure seems entirely -lost. Thus this morning the First Mate called me “The Parson,” and I -had no way to resent his familiarity. But he meant no harm; he is a -sterling fellow. - -After breakfast my mind kept running to this question of the Roman -Persecution, and (I know not how) certain phrases kept repeating -themselves literally “_ad nauseam_” in my imagination. They kept pace -with the throb of the steamer, an altogether new sensation, and my -mind seemed (as my old tutor, Mr. Blurt, would put it) to “work in a -circle.” The pilot will take this. He is coming over the side. He is -not in the least like a sailor, but small and white. He wears a bowler -hat, and looks more like a city clerk than anything else. When I asked -the First Mate why this was, he answered “It’s the Brains that tell.” A -very remarkable statement, and one full of menace and warning for our -mercantile marine. - - * * * * * - - _Thursday, Oct. 1, 1873._ - -I cannot properly describe the freshness and beauty of the sea after a -gale. I have not the style of the great masters of English prose, and -I lack the faculty of expression which so often accompanies the poetic -soul. - -The white curling tips (white horses) come at one if one looks to -windward, or if one looks to leeward seem to flee. There is a kind of -balminess in the air born of the warm south; and there is jollity in -the whole ship’s company, as Mrs. Burton and her daughters remarked to -me this morning. I feel capable of anything. When the First Mate came -up to me this morning and tried to bait me with his vulgar chaff I -answered roundly, “Now, sir, listen to me. I am not seasick, I am not a -landlubber, I am on my sea legs again, and I would have you know that I -have not a little power to make those who attack me feel the weight of -my arm.” - -He turned from me thoroughly ashamed, and told a man to swab the decks. -The passengers appeared absorbed in their various occupations, but I -felt I had “scored a point” and I retired to my cabin. - -My steward told me of a group of rocks off the Spanish coast which we -are approaching. He said they were called “The Graveyard.” If a man can -turn his mind to the Universal Consciousness and to a Final Purpose all -foolish fears will fall into a secondary plane. I will not do myself -the injustice of saying that I was affected by the accident, but a lady -or child might have been, and surely the ship’s servants should be -warned not to talk nonsense to passengers who need all their strength -for the sea. - - _Friday, Oct. 2, 1873._ - -To-day I met the Captain. I went up on the bridge to speak to him. -I find his name is Arnssen. He has risen from the ranks, his father -having been a large haberdasher in Copenhagen and a town councillor. I -wish I could say the same of the First Mate, who is the scapegrace son -of a great English family, though he seems to feel no shame. Arnssen -and I would soon become fast friends were it not that his time is -occupied in managing the ship. He is just such an one as makes the -strength of our British Mercantile marine. He will often come and walk -with me on the deck, on which occasions I give him a cigar, or even -sometimes ask him to drink wine with me. He tells me it is against the -rules for the Captain to offer similar courtesies to his guests, but -that if ever I am in Ernskjöldj, near Copenhagen, and if he is not -absent on one of his many voyages, he will gratefully remember and -repay my kindness. - -I said to the Captain to-day, putting my hand upon his shoulder, “Sir, -may one speak from one’s heart?” “Yes,” said he, “certainly, and God -bless you for your kind thought.” “Sir,” said I, “you are a strong, -silent, God-fearing man and my heart goes out to you--no more.” He was -silent, and went up on the bridge, but when I attempted to follow him, -he assured me it was not allowed. - -Later in the day I asked him what he thought of the Roman trouble. He -answered, “Oh! knock their heads together and have done with it.” It -was a bluff seaman’s answer, but is it not what England would have said -in her greatest days? Is it not the very feeling of a Chatham? - -I no longer speak to the First Mate. But in a few days I shall be able -to dismiss the fellow entirely from my memory, so I will not dwell on -his insolence. - - _Leghorn, Oct. 5, 1873._ - -Here is the end of it. I have nothing more to say. I find that the -public has no need of my services, and that England has suffered a -disastrous rebuff. The fleet has retreated from Apulia. England--let -posterity note this--has not an inch of ground in all the Italian -Peninsula. Well, we are worsted, and we must bide our time; but this I -will say: if that insolent young fool the First Mate thinks that his -family shall protect him he is mistaken. The press is a great power and -never greater than where (as in England) a professor of a university or -the upper classes write for the papers, and where a rule of anonymity -gives talent and position its full weight.[53] - - - - -IX. - -Lambkin’s Address to the League of Progress - - -Everybody will remember the famous meeting of the Higher Spinsters -in 1868; a body hitherto purely voluntary in its organisation, it -had undertaken to add to the houses of the poor and wretched the -element which reigns in the residential suburbs of our great towns. If -Whitechapel is more degraded now than it was thirty years ago we must -not altogether disregard the earlier efforts of the Higher Spinsters, -they laboured well each in her own sphere and in death they were not -divided. - -The moment however which gave their embryonic conceptions an organic -form did not sound till this year of 1868. It was in the Conference -held at Burford during that summer that, to quote their eloquent -circular, “the ideas were mooted and the feeling was voiced which -made us what we are.” In other words the Higher Spinsters were merged -in the new and greater society of the League of Progress. How much -the League of Progress has done, its final recognition by the County -Council, the sums paid to its organisers and servants I need not here -describe; suffice it to say that, like all our great movements, it -was a spontaneous effort of the upper middle class, that it concerned -itself chiefly with the artisans, whom it desired to raise to its own -level, and that it has so far succeeded as to now possess forty-three -Cloisters in our great towns, each with its Grand Master, Chatelaine, -Corporation of the Burghers of Progress and Lay Brothers, the whole -supported upon salaries suitable to their social rank and proceeding -entirely from voluntary contributions with the exception of that part -of the revenue which is drawn from public funds. - -The subject of the Conference, out of which so much was destined to -grow, was “The Tertiary Symptoms of Secondary Education among the Poor.” - -Views upon this matter were heard from every possible standpoint; men -of varying religious persuasions from the Scientific Agnostic to the -distant Parsee lent breadth and elasticity to the fascinating subject. -Its chemical aspect was admirably described (with experiments) by Sir -Julius Wobble, the Astronomer Royal, and its theological results by the -Reader in Burmesan. - -Lambkin was best known for the simple eloquence in which he could -clothe the most difficult and confused conceptions. It was on this -account that he was asked to give the Closing Address with which the -Proceedings terminated. - -Before reciting it I must detain the reader with one fine anecdote -concerning this occasion, a passage worthy of the event and of the man. -Lambkin (as I need hardly say) was full of his subject, enthusiastic -and absorbed. No thought of gain entered his head, nor was he the -kind of man to have applied for payment unless he believed money to -be owing to him. Nevertheless it would have been impossible to leave -unremunerated such work as that which follows. It was decided by the -authorities to pay him a sum drawn from the fees which the visitors had -paid to visit the College Fish-Ponds, whose mediæval use in monkish -times was explained in a popular style by one who shall be nameless, -but who gave his services gratuitously. - -After their departure Mr. Large entered Lambkin’s room with an -envelope, wishing to add a personal courtesy to a pleasant duty, and -said: - -“I have great pleasure, my dear Lambkin, in presenting you with this -Bank Note as a small acknowledgment of your services at the Conference.” - -Lambkin answered at once with: - -“My dear Large, I shall be really displeased if you estimate that -slight performance of a pleasurable task at so high a rate as ten -pounds.” - -Nor indeed was this the case. For when Lambkin opened the enclosure -(having waited with delicate courtesy for his visitor to leave -the room) he discovered but five pounds therein. But note what -follows--Lambkin neither mentioned the matter to a soul, nor passed -the least stricture upon Large’s future actions, save in those matters -where he found his colleague justly to blame: and in the course of the -several years during which they continually met, the restraint and -self-respect of his character saved him from the use of ignoble weapons -whether of pen or tongue. It was a lesson in gentlemanly irony to see -my friend take his place above Large at high table in the uneasy days -that followed. - - - THE ADDRESS - - MY DEAR FRIENDS, - -I shall attempt to put before you in a few simple, but I hope -well-chosen words, the views of a plain man upon the great subject -before us to-day. I shall attempt with the greatest care to avoid -any personal offence, but I shall not hesitate to use the knife with -an unsparing hand, as is indeed the duty of the Pastor whosoever he -may be. I remember a late dear friend of mine [who would not wish me -to make his name public but whom you will perhaps recognise in the -founder and builder of the new Cathedral at Isaacsville in Canada[54]]. -I remember his saying to me with a merry twinkle of the eye that -looms only from the free manhood of the west: “Lambkin,” said he, -“would you know how I made my large fortune in the space of but three -months, and how I have attained to such dignity and honour? It was by -following this simple maxim which my dear mother[55] taught me in the -rough log-cabin[56] of my birth: ‘Be courteous to all strangers, but -familiar with none.’”[57] - -My friends, you are not strangers, nay, on the present solemn occasion -I think I may call you friends--even brethren!--dear brothers and -sisters! But a little bird has told me.... (_Here a genial smile passed -over his face and he drank a draught of pure cold water from a tumbler -at his side._) A little bird has told me, I say, that some of you -feared a trifle of just harshness, a reprimand perhaps, or a warning -note of danger, at the best a doubtful and academic temper as to the -future. Fear nothing. I shall pursue a far different course, and -however courteous I may be I shall indulge in no familiarities. - -“The Tertiary symptoms of Secondary Education among the Poor” is -a noble phrase and expresses a noble idea. Why the very words are -drawn from our Anglo-Saxon mother-tongue deftly mingled with a few -expressions borrowed from the old dead language of long-past Greece and -Rome. - -What is Education? The derivation of the word answers this question. It -is from “e” that is “out of,” “duc-o” “I lead,” from the root Duc--to -lead, to govern (whence we get so many of our most important words such -as “Duke”; “Duck” = a drake; etc.) and finally the termination “-tio” -which corresponds to the English “-ishness.” We may then put the whole -phrase in simple language thus, “The threefold Showings of twofold -Led-out-of-ishness among the Needy.” - -The Needy! The Poor! Terrible words! It has been truly said that -we have them always with us. It is one of our peculiar glories in -nineteenth century England, that we of the upper classes have fully -recognised our heavy responsibility towards our weaker fellow-citizens. -Not by Revolution, which is dangerous and vain, not by heroic -legislation or hair-brained schemes of universal panaceas, not by -frothy Utopias. No!--by solid hard work, by quiet and persistent -effort, with the slow invisible tenacity that won the day at Badajoz, -we have won this great social victory. And if any one should ask me for -the result I should answer him--go to Bolton, go to Manchester, go to -Liverpool; go to Hull or Halifax--the answer is there. - -There are many ways in which this good work is proceeding. Life is a -gem of many facets. Some of my friends take refuge in Prayer, others -have joined the Charity Organisation Society, others again have -laboured in a less brilliant but fully as useful a fashion by writing -books upon social statistics which command an enormous circulation. You -have turned to education, and you have done well. Show me a miner or -a stevedore who attends his lectures upon Rossetti, and I will show -you a man. Show me his wife or daughter at a cookery school or engaged -in fretwork, and I will shew you a woman. A man and a woman--solemn -thought! - -A noble subject indeed and one to occupy the whole life of a man! This -“Education,” this “Leading-out-of,” is the matter of all our lives here -in Oxford except in the vacation.[58] And what an effect it has! Let me -prove it in a short example. - -At a poor lodging-house in Lafayette, Pa., U.S.A., three well-educated -men from New England who had fallen upon evil times were seated at a -table surrounded by a couple of ignorant and superstitious Irishmen; -these poor untaught creatures, presuming upon their numbers, did not -hesitate to call the silent and gentlemanly unfortunates “Dommed -High-faluthing Fules”; but mark the sequel. A fire broke out in the -night. The house was full of these Irishmen and of yet more repulsive -Italians. Some were consumed by the devouring element, others -perished in the flames, others again saved their lives by a cowardly -flight.[59] But what of those three from Massachusetts whom better -principles had guided in youth and with whom philosophy had replaced -the bitter craft of the Priest? They were found--my dear friends--they -were found still seated calmly at the table; they had not moved; no -passion had blinded them, no panic disturbed: in their charred and -blackened features no trace of terror was apparent. Such is the effect, -such the glory of what my late master and guide, the Professor of -Tautology, used to call the “Principle of the Survival of the Fittest.” - -(_Applause, which was only checked by a consideration for the respect -due to the Sacred edifice._) - -Go forth then! Again I say go forth! Go forth! Go forth! The time is -coming when England will see that your claims to reverence, recognition -and emolument are as great as our own. I repeat it, go forth, and when -you have brought the great bulk of families to change their mental -standpoint, then indeed you will have transformed the world! For -without the mind the human intellect is nothing. - - - - -X. - -Lambkin’s Leader - - -Mr. Solomon was ever determined to keep the _Sunday Englishman_ at a -high level. “We owe it” (he would say) “first to the public who are -thereby sacrificed--I mean satisfied--and to ourselves, who secure -thereby a large and increasing circulation.” [“Ourselves” alluded to -the shareholders, for the _Sunday Englishman_ was a limited Company, in -which the shares (of which Mr. Solomon held the greater number) were -distributed in the family; the tiniest toddler of two years old was -remembered, and had been presented with a share by his laughing and -generous parent.] - -In this laudable effort to keep “abreast of the times” (as he phrased -it), the Editor and part Proprietor determined to have leaders written -by University men, who from their position of vantage enjoy a unique -experience in practical matters. He had formed a very high opinion -of Lambkin’s journalistic capacity from his unpublished letters as a -special correspondent. Indeed, he was often heard to say that “a man -like him was lost at Oxford, and was born for Fleet Street.” He wrote, -therefore, to Mr. Lambkin and gave him “Carte Blanche,” as one French -scholar to another, sending him only the general directions that his -leader must be “smart, up-to-date, and with plenty of push,” it was to -be “neither too long nor too short,” and while it should be written in -an easy familiar tone, there should be little or no seriously offensive -matter included. - -Mr. Lambkin was delighted, and when at his request the article had been -paid for, he sent in the following: - - * * * * * - -THE LEADER. - -“The English-Speaking Race has--if we except the Dutch, Negro, and -Irish elements--a marvellous talent for self-government. From the -earliest origins of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers to the latest Parish -Council, guided but not controlled by the modern ‘Mass Thegen’ or local -‘Gesithcund man,’ this talent, or rather genius, is apparent. We cannot -tell why, in the inscrutable designs of Providence, our chosen race -should have been so specially gifted, but certain it is that wherever -plain ordinary men _such as I who write this and you who read it_,[60] -may be planted, there they cause the desert to blossom, and the waters -to gush from the living rock. Who has not known, whether among his -personal acquaintance or from having read of him in books, the type -of man who forms the strength of this mighty national organism? And -who has not felt that he is himself something of that kidney? We stand -aghast at our own extraordinary power, and it has been finely said that -Nelson was greater than he knew. From one end of the earth to the other -the British language is spoken and understood. The very words that I am -writing will be read to-morrow in London, the day after in Oxford--and -from this it is but a step to the uttermost parts of the earth. - -“Under these conditions of power, splendour, and domination it is -intolerable that the vast metropolis of this gigantic empire should -be pestered with crawling cabs. There are indeed many things which in -the Divine plan have it in their nature to crawl. We of all the races -of men are the readiest to admit the reign of universal law. Meaner -races know not the law, but we are the children of the law, and where -crawling is part of the Cosmos we submit and quit ourselves like -men, being armed with the armour of righteousness. Thus no Englishman -(whatever foreigners may feel) is offended at a crawling insect or -worm. A wounded hare will crawl, and we Read that ‘the serpent was -cursed and crawled upon his belly’; again, Aristotle in his Ethics -talks of those whose nature (φύσις) it is ‘ἕρπειν,’ which is usually -translated ‘to crawl,’ and Kipling speaks of fifes ‘crawling.’ With -all this we have no quarrel, but the crawling cab is a shocking and -abominable thing; and if the titled owners of hansoms do not heed -the warning in time they will find that the spirit of Cromwell is -not yet dead, and mayhap the quiet determined people of this realm -will rise and sweep them and their gaudy gew-gaws and their finnicky -high-stepping horses, and their perched-up minions, from the fair face -of England.” - - - - -XI. - -Lambkin’s Remarks on the End of Term - - _Delivered in Hall on Saturday, Dec. 6th, 1887, the morning upon - which the College went down._ - - - MY DEAR FRIENDS; MY DEAR UNDERGRADUATE MEMBERS OF THIS COLLEGE, - -The end of Term is approaching--nay, is here. A little more, and we -shall meet each other no longer for six weeks. It is a solemn and -a sacred thought. It is not the sadness, and even the regret, that -takes us at the beginning of the Long Vacation. This is no definitive -close. We lose (I hope) no friends; none leave us for ever, unless I -may allude to the young man whom few of you knew, but through whose -criminal folly the head of this foundation has lost the use of one eye. - -This is not a time of exaltation, so should it not be a time for too -absolute a mourning. This is not the end of the Easter Term, nor of -the Summer Term. It is the end of Michaelmas Term. That is the fact, -and facts must be looked in the face. What are we to do with the -approaching vacation? What have we done with the past term? - -In the past term (I think I can answer for some of you) a much deeper -meaning has entered into your lives. Especially you, the young freshmen -(happily I have had the control of many, the teaching of some), I know -that life has become fuller for you. That half-hour a week to which you -pay so little heed will mean much in later years. You have come to me -in batches for half-an-hour a week, and each of you has thus enjoyed -collectively the beginning of that private control and moulding of -the character which is the object of all our efforts here in Oxford. -And can you not, as you look back, see what a great change has passed -over you in the short few months? I do not mean the corporeal change -involved by our climate or our prandial habits; neither do I allude to -the change in your dress and outward appearance. I refer to the mental -transformation. - -You arrived sure of a number of things which you had learnt at school -or at your mother’s knee. Of what are you certain now? Of nothing! It -is necessary in the mysterious scheme of education that this blind -faith or certitude should be laid as a foundation in early youth. -But it is imperative that a man--if he is to be a man and not a -monster--should lose it at the outset of his career. My young friends, -I have given you the pearl of great price. You have begun to doubt. - -Half-an-hour a week--four hours in all the term ... could any positive, -empirical, or dogmatic teaching have been conveyed in that time, or -with so much fullness as the great scheme of negation can be? I trow -not. - -So much for knowledge and tutorship. What of morals? It is a delicate -subject, but I will treat of it boldly. You all remember how, shortly -after the month of October, the College celebrated Guy Fawkes’ day: -the elders, by a dinner in honour of their founder, the juniors by -lighting a bonfire in the quadrangle. You all know what followed. I do -not wish to refer again--certainly not with bitterness--to the excesses -of that evening; but the loss of eyesight is a serious thing, and one -that the victim may forgive, but hardly can forget. I hope the lesson -will suffice, and that in future no fellow of this College will have to -regret so serious a disfigurement at the hands of a student. - -To pass to lighter things. The Smoking Concert on All Souls’ Day -was a great success. I had hoped to organise some similar jollity -on Good Friday, but I find that it falls in the Easter vacation. It -is, however, an excellent precedent, and we will not fail to have -one on some other festal occasion. To the action of one of our least -responsible members I will not refer. But surely there is neither good -breeding nor decency in dressing up as an old lady, in assuming the -name of one of our Greatest Families, and in so taking advantage of the -chivalry, and perhaps the devotion, of one’s superiors. The offence is -one that can not lightly be passed over, and the culprit will surely be -discovered. - -Of the success of the College at hockey and in the inter-University -draughts competition, I am as proud as yourselves. [_Loud cheers, -lasting for several minutes._] They were games of which in my youth I -was myself proud. On the river I see no reason to be ashamed; next term -we have the Torpids, and after that the Eights. We have no cause to -despair. It is my experience (an experience based on ten years of close -observation), that no college can permanently remain at the bottom of -the river. There is a tide in the affairs of men, which taken at the -flood leads on to fortune, let us therefore taking heart of grace and -screw our courage to the sticking point. We have the lightest cox. in -the ’Varsity and an excellent coach. Much may be done with these things. - -As to the religious state of the college it is, as you all know, -excellent--I wish I could say the same for the Inorganic Chemistry. -This province falls under the guidance of Mr. Large, but the deficiency -in our standing is entirely the fault of his pupils. There are not -twenty men in the University better fitted to teach Inorganic Chemistry -than my colleague. At any rate it is a very grave matter and one by -which a college ultimately stands or falls. - -We have had no deaths to deplore during this term, and in my opinion -the attack of mumps that affected the college during November can -hardly be called an epidemic. The drains will be thoroughly overhauled -during the vacation, and the expense of this, spread as it will be -among all undergraduate members whether in residence or not, will form -a very trifling addition to Battells. I doubt if its effect will be -felt. - -There is one last thing that I shall touch upon. We have been -constantly annoyed by the way in which undergraduates tread down the -lawn. The Oxford turf is one of the best signs of our antiquity as -a university. There is no turf like it in the world. The habit of -continually walking upon it is fatal to its appearance. Such an action -would certainly never be permitted in a gentleman’s seat, and there -is some talk of building a wall round the quadrangle to prevent the -practice in question. I need hardly tell you what a disfigurement such -a step would involve, but if there is one thing in the management of -the college that I am more determined upon than another it is that no -one be he scholar or be he commoner shall walk upon the grass! - -I wish you a very Merry Christmas at the various country houses you may -be visiting, and hope and pray that you may find united there all the -members of your own family. - -Mr. Gurge will remain behind and speak to me for a few moments. - - - - -XII. - -Lambkin’s Article on the North-west Corner of the Mosaic Pavement of -the Roman Villa at Bignor - - -Of Mr. Lambkin’s historical research little mention has been made, -because this was but the recreation of a mind whose serious work -was much more justly calculated to impress posterity. It is none -the less true that he had in the inner _coterie_ of Antiquarians, a -very pronounced reputation, and that on more than one occasion his -discoveries had led to animated dispute and even to friction. He is -referred to as “Herr Professor Lambkin” in Winsk’s “Roman Sandals,”[61] -and Mr. Bigchurch in the Preface of his exhaustive work on “The -Drainage of the Grecian Sea Port” (which includes much information -on the Ionian colonies and Magna Graecia) acknowledges Mr. Lambkin’s -“valuable sympathy and continuous friendly aid which have helped him -through many a dark hour.” Lambkin was also frequently sent books on -Greek and Roman Antiquities to review; and it must be presumed that the -editor of _Culture_,[62] who was himself an Oxford man and had taken -a House degree in 1862, would hardly have had such work done by an -ignorant man. - -If further proof were needed of Mr. Lambkin’s deep and minute -scholarship in this matter it would be discovered in the many -reproductions of antiquities which used to hang round his room -in college. They were photographs of a reddish-brown colour and -represented many objects dear to the Scholar, such as the Parthenon, -the Temples of Paestum, the Apollo Belvedere, and the Bronze head at -the Vatican; called in its original dedication an Ariadne, but more -properly described by M. Crémieux-Nathanson, in the light of modern -research, as a Silenus. - -Any doubts as to Lambkin’s full claim to detailed-knowledge in those -matters, will, however, be set at rest by the one thing he has left -us of the kind--his article in the _Revue Intellectuelle_, which was -translated for him by a Belgian friend, but of which I have preserved -the original MSS.[63] It is as follows: - - -THE ARTICLE. - -I cannot conceive how M. Bischoff[64] and Herr Crapiloni[65] can have -fallen into their grotesque error with regard to the Head in the Mosaic -at Bignor. The Head, as all the world knows, is to be found in the -extreme north-west corner of the floor of the Mosaic at Bignor, in -Sussex. Its exact dimensions from the highest point of the crown to -the point or cusp of the chin, and from the furthest back edge of the -cerebellum to the outer tip of the nose are one foot five inches and -one foot three inches, respectively. The Head is thus of the Heroic or -exaggerated size, and _not_ (as Wainwright says in his _Antiquities_), -“of life size.” It represents the head and face of an old man, and is -composed of fragments, in which are used the colours black, brown, -blue, yellow, pink, green, purple and bright orange. There can be no -doubt that the floor must have presented a very beautiful and even -brilliant appearance when it was new, but at the present day it is much -dulled from having lain buried for fifteen hundred years. - -My contention is that M. Bischoff and Herr Crapiloni have made a -very ridiculous mistake (I will not call it by a harsher name) in -representing this head to be a figure of Winter. In one case (that of -M. Bischoff) I have no doubt that patriotic notions were too strong -for a well-balanced judgment;[66] but in the other, I am at a loss to -find a sufficient basis for a statement which is not only false, but -calculated to do a grave hurt to history and even to public morals. -M. Bischoff admits that he visited England in company with Herr -Crapiloni--I have no doubt that the latter influenced the former, and -that the blame and shame of this matter must fall on the ultra-montane -German and not on the philosophical but enthusiastic Gaul. - -For my opponents’ abuse of myself in the columns of such rags as -the _Bulletin de la Société Historique de Bourges_, or the _Revue -d’Histoire Romaine_, I have only contempt and pity; but _we_ in -_England_ are taught that a lie on any matter is equally serious, and I -will be no party to the calling of the Mosaic a figure of “Winter” when -I am convinced it is nothing of the kind. - -As far as I can make out from their somewhat turgid rhetoric, my -opponents rely upon the inscription “Hiems” put in with white stones -beneath the mosaic, and they argue that, as the other four corners are -admitted to be “Spring,” “Summer,” and “Autumn,” each with their title -beneath, _therefore_ this fourth corner must be Winter! - -It is just such an argument from analogy as I should have expected -from men brought up in the corrupt morality and the base religious -conceptions of the Continent! When one is taught that authority is -everything and cannot use one’s judgment,[67] one is almost certain to -jump at conclusions in this haphazard fashion in dealing with definite -facts. - -For my part I am convinced that the head is the portrait of the Roman -proprietor of the villa, and I am equally convinced that the title -“Hiems” has been added below at a later date, so as to furnish a trap -for all self-sufficient and gullible historians. Are my continental -critics aware that _no single copy_ of the mosaic is to be found in -the whole of the Roman Remains of Britain? Are they aware the villa at -Bignor has changed hands three times in this century? I do not wish -to make any insinuations of bad faith, but I would hint that the word -“Hiems” has a fresh new look about it which puzzles me. - -To turn to another matter, though it is one connected with our subject. -The pupil of the eye has disappeared. We know that the loss is of -ancient date, as Wright mentions its absence in his catalogue. A very -interesting discussion has arisen as to the material of which the pupil -was composed. The matter occupied the Society at Dresden (of which I -am a corresponding member) in a debate of some days, I have therefore -tried to fathom it but with only partial success. I have indeed found -a triangular blue fragment which is much the same shape as the missing -cavity; it is however, somewhat larger in all its dimensions, and is -convex instead of flat, and I am assured it is but a piece of blue -china of recent manufacture, of which many such odds and ends are to -be found in the fields and dustbins. If (as I strongly suspect) these -suggestions are only a ruse, and if (as I hope will be the case) my -fragment, after some filing and chipping, can be made to fit the -cavity, the discovery will be of immense value; for it will show that -the owner of the villa was a Teuton and will go far to prove the theory -of Roman continuity, which is at present based on such slight evidence. -I will let you know the result. - -The coins recently dug up in the neighbourhood, and on which so many -hopes were based, prove nothing as to the date of the mosaic. They -cannot be of Roman origin, for they bear for the most part the head and -inscription of William III., while the rest are pence and shillings of -the Georges. One coin was a guinea, and will, I fear, be sold as gold -to the bank. I was very disappointed to find so poor a result: ever -since my enquiry labourers have kept coming to me with coins obviously -modern--especially bronze coins of Napoleon III.--which they have -buried to turn them green, and subsequently hammered shapeless in the -hopes of my purchasing them. I have had the misfortune to purchase, -for no less a sum than a sovereign, what turned out to be the circular -brass label on a dog’s collar. It contained the name of “Ponto,” -inscribed in a classic wreath which deceived me. - -Nothing else of real importance has occurred since my last -communication. - - - - -XIII. - -Lambkin’s Sermon. - - -A man not over-given to mere words, Lambkin was always also somewhat -diffident of his pulpit eloquence and his sermons were therefore rare. -It must not be imagined that he was one of those who rebel vainly -against established usage. There was nothing in him of the blatant and -destructive demagogue; no character could have been more removed from -the demons who drenched the fair soil of France with such torrents of -blood during the awful reign of terror. - -But just as he was in politics a liberal in the truest sense (not in -the narrow party definition of the word), so in the religious sphere -he descried the necessity of gentle but persistent reform. “The -present,” he would often say, “is inseparable from the past,” but he -would add “continual modification to suit the necessities of a changing -environment is a cardinal condition of vitality.” - -It was, therefore, his aim to keep the form of all existing -institutions and merely to change their matter. - -Thus, he was in favour of the retention of the Regius Professorship -of Greek, and even voted for a heavy increase in the salary of its -occupant; but he urged and finally carried the amendment by which -that dignitary is at present compelled to lecture mainly on current -politics. Mathematics again was a subject whose interest he discerned, -however much he doubted its value as a mental discipline; he was, -therefore, a supporter of the prize fellowships occasionally offered on -the subject, but, in the determination of the successful candidate he -would give due weight to the minutiae of dress and good manners. - -It will be seen from all this that if Lambkin was essentially a modern, -yet he was as essentially a wise and moderate man; cautious in action -and preferring judgment to violence he would often say, “_trans_former -please, not _re_former,” when his friends twitted him over the port -with his innovations.[68] - -Religion, then, which must be a matter of grave import to all, was not -neglected by such a mind. - -He saw that all was not lost when dogma failed, but that the great -ethical side of the system could be developed in the room left by the -decay of its formal character. Just as a man who has lost his fingers -will sometimes grow thumbs in their place, so Lambkin foresaw that in -the place of what was an atrophied function, vigorous examples of an -older type might shoot up, and the organism would gain in breadth what -it lost in definition. “I look forward to the time” (he would cry) -“when the devotional hand of man shall be all thumbs.” - -The philosophy which he thus applied to formal teaching and dogma took -practical effect in the no less important matter of the sermon. He -retained that form or shell, but he raised it as on stepping-stones -from its dead self to higher things; the success of many a man in this -life has been due to the influence exerted by his simple words. - -The particular allocution which I have chosen as the best illustration -of his method was not preached in the College Chapel, but was on the -contrary a University Sermon given during eight weeks. It ran as -follows: - - -SERMON - -I take for my text a beautiful but little-known passage from the -Talmud: - - “_I will arise and gird up my lions--I mean loins--and go; yea, I - will get me out of the land of my fathers which is in Ben-ramon, even - unto Edom and the Valley of Kush and the cities about Laban to the - uttermost ends of the earth._” - -There is something about foreign travel, my dear Brethren, which seems, -as it were, a positive physical necessity to our eager and high-wrought -generation. At specified times of the year we hunt, or debate; we -attend to our affairs in the city, or we occupy our minds with the -guidance of State. The ball-room, the drawing-room, the club, each have -their proper season. In our games football gives place to cricket, and -the deep bay of the faithful hound yields with the advancing season to -the sharp crack of the Winchester, as the grouse, the partridge, or the -very kapper-capercailzie itself falls before the superior intelligence -of man. One fashion also will succeed another, and in the mysterious -development of the years--a development not entirely under the guidance -of our human wills--the decent croquet-ball returns to lawns that had -for so long been strangers to aught but the fierce agility of tennis. - -So in the great procession of the times and the seasons, there comes -upon us the time for travel. It is not (my dear Brethren), it is -not in the winter when all is covered with a white veil of snow--or -possibly transformed with the marvellous effects of thaw; it is not -in the spring when the buds begin to appear in the hedges, and when -the crocus studs the spacious sward in artful disorder and calculated -negligence--no it is not then--the old time of Pilgrimage,[69] that our -positive and enlightened era chooses for its migration.[70] - -It is in the burning summer season, when the glare of the sun is almost -painful to the jaded eye of the dancer, when the night is shortest and -the day longest, that we fly from these inhospitable shores and green -fields of England. - -And whither do we fly? Is it to the cool and delicious north, to the -glaciers of Greenland, or to the noble cliffs and sterling characters -of Orkney? Is it to Norway? Can it be to Lapland? Some perhaps, a very -few, are to be found journeying to these places in the commodious -and well-appointed green boats of Mr. Wilson, of Tranby Croft. But, -alas! the greater number leave the hot summer of England for the yet -more torrid climes of Italy, Spain, the Levant and the Barbary coast. -Negligent of the health that is our chiefest treasure, we waste our -energies in the malaria of Rome, or in Paris poison our minds with the -contempt aroused by the sight of hideous foreigners. - -Let me turn from this painful aspect of a question which certainly -presents nobler and more useful issues. It is most to our purpose, -perhaps, in a certain fashion; it is doubtless more to our purpose in -many ways to consider on an occasion such as this the moral aspects of -foreign travel, and chief among these I reckon those little points of -mere every day practice, which are of so much greater importance than -the rare and exaggerated acts to which our rude ancestors gave the name -of Sins. - -Consider the over-charges in hotels. The economist may explain, -the utilitarian may condone such action, but if we are to make for -Righteousness, we cannot pass without censure a practice which we would -hardly go so far as to condemn. If there be in the sacred edifice any -one of those who keep houses of entertainment upon the Continent, -especially if there sit among you any representative of that class in -Switzerland, I would beg him to consider deeply a matter which the -fanatical clergy of his land may pardon, but which it is the duty of -ours to publicly deplore. - -Consider again the many examples of social and moral degradation which -we meet with in our journeyings! We pass from the coarse German, to the -inconstant Gaul. We fly the indifference and ribald scoffing of Milan -only to fall into the sink of idolatory and superstition which men -call Naples; we observe in our rapid flight the indolent Spaniard, the -disgusting Slav, the uncouth Frisian and the frightful Hun. Our travels -will not be without profit if they teach us to thank Heaven that our -fathers preserved us from such a lot as theirs. - -Again, we may consider the great advantages that we may gather as -individuals from travel. We can exercise our financial ingenuity (and -this is no light part of mental training) in arranging our expenses -for the day. We can find in the corners of foreign cities those relics -of the Past which the callous and degraded people of the place ignore, -and which are reserved for the appreciation of a more vigorous race. In -the galleries we learn the beauties of a San Mirtānoja, and the vulgar -insufficiency and ostentation of a Sanzio.[71] In a thousand ways the -experience of the Continent is a consolation and a support. - -Fourthly, my dear brethren, we contrast our sturdy and honest crowd of -tourists with the ridiculous castes and social pettiness of the ruck -of foreign nations. There the peasant, the bourgeois, the noble, the -priest, the politician, the soldier, seems each to live in his own -world. In our happier England there are but two classes, the owners of -machinery and the owners of land; and these are so subtly and happily -mixed, there is present at the same time so hearty an independence -and so sensible a recognition of rank, that the whole vast mass of -squires and merchants mingle in an exquisite harmony, and pour like a -life-giving flood over the decaying cities of Europe. - -But I have said enough. I must draw to a close. The love of fame, which -has been beautifully called the last infirmity of noble-minds, alone -would tempt me to proceed. But I must end. I hope that those of you who -go to Spain will visit the unique and interesting old town of Saragossa. - -(_Here Mr. Lambkin abruptly left the Pulpit._) - - - - -XIV. - -Lambkin’s Open Letter to Churchmen - - -The noise made by Mr. Lambkin’s famous advice to Archdeacon Burfle -will be remembered by all my readers. He did not, however, publish -the letter (as is erroneously presumed in _Great Dead Men of the -Period_),[72] without due discussion and reflection. I did not -personally urge him to make it public--I thought it unwise. But -Mr. Large may almost be said to have insisted upon it in the long -Conversation which he and Josiah had upon the matter. When Lambkin -had left Large’s room I took the liberty of going up to see him -again, but the fatal missive had been posted, and appeared next day -in _The Times_, the _Echo_, and other journals, not to mention the -_Englishman’s Anchor_. I do not wish to accuse Mr. Large of any -malicious purpose or deliberately misleading intention, but I fear that -(as he was not an impulsive man) his advice can only have proceeded -from a woeful and calculated lack of judgment. - -There is no doubt that (from Lambkin’s own point of view), the -publication of this letter was a very serious error. It bitterly -offended Arthur Bundleton, and alienated all the “Pimlico” group (as -they were then called). At the same time it did not satisfy the small -but eager and cultured body who followed Tamworthy. It gave a moderate -pleasure to the poorer clergy in the country parishes, but I doubt -very much whether these are the men from whom social advantage or -ecclesiastical preferment is to be expected. I often told Lambkin that -the complexity of our English Polity was a dangerous thing to meddle -with. “A man,” I would say to him, “who expresses an opinion is like -one who plunges a knife into some sensitive part of the human frame. -The former may offend unwittingly by the mere impact of his creed or -prejudice, much as the latter may give pain by happening upon some -hidden nerve.” - -Now Lambkin was essentially a wise man. He felt the obligation--the -duty (to give it a nobler name)--which is imposed on all of us of -studying our fellows. He did not, perhaps, say where his mind lay -in any matter more than half a dozen times in his life, for fear of -opposing by such an expression the wider experience or keener emotion -of the society around him. He felt himself a part of a great stream, -which it was the business of a just man to follow, and if he spoke -strongly (as he often did) it was in some matter upon which the vast -bulk of his countrymen were agreed; indeed he rightly gave to public -opinion, and to the governing classes of the nation, an overwhelming -weight in his system of morals; and even at twenty-one he had a -wholesome contempt for the doctrinaire enthusiast who neglects his -newspaper and hatches an ethical system out of mere blind tradition or -(what is worse) his inner conscience. - -It is remarkable, therefore, that such a man should have been guilty of -one such error. “It was not a crime,” he said cleverly, in speaking of -the matter to me, “it was worse; it was a blunder.” And that is what we -all felt. The matter can be explained, however, by a reference to the -peculiar conditions of the moment in which it appeared. The Deanery of -Bury had just fallen vacant by death of Henry Carver, the elder.[73] A -Liberal Unionist Government was in power, and Lambkin perhaps imagined -that controversy still led--as it had done but a few years before--to -the public notice which it merits. He erred, but it was a noble error. - -One thing at least we can rejoice in, the letter may have hurt Lambkin -in this poor mortal life; but it was of incalculable advantage to the -generation immediately succeeding his own. I cannot but believe that -from that little source springs all the mighty river of reform which -has left so profound a mark upon the hosiery of this our day. - -The letter is as follows:-- - - -AN OPEN LETTER - - BURFORD. _St. John’s Eve, 1876._ - - MY DEAR BURFLE, - - You have asked my advice on a matter of deep import, a matter upon - which every self-respecting Englishman is asking himself the question - “Am I a _sheep_ or a _goat_?” My dear Burfle, I will answer you - straight out, and I know you will not be angry with me if I answer - also in the agora, “before the people,” as Paul would have done. Are - you a _sheep_ or a _goat_? Let us think. - - You say rightly that the question upon which all this turns is the - question of boots. It is but a symbol, but it is a symbol upon which - all England is divided. On the one hand we have men strenuous, - determined, eager--men (if I may say so) of true Apostolic quality, - to whom the buttoned boot is sacred to a degree some of us may find - it difficult to understand. They are few, are these devout pioneers, - but they are in certain ways, and from some points of view, among the - _élite_ of the Nation, so to speak. - - On the other hand we have the great mass of sensible men, earnest, - devout, practical--what Beeker calls in a fine phrase “Thys corpse - and verie bodie of England[74]”--determined to maintain what their - fathers had before them, and insisting on the laced boot as the - proper foot-gear of the Church. - - No one is more sensible than myself (my dear Burfle), I say no one is - more sensible than I am, of the gravity of this schism--for schism - it threatens to be. And no one appreciates more than I do how much - there is to be said on both sides. The one party will urge (with - perfect justice), that the buttoned boot is a development. They - maintain (and there is much to be said in their favour), that the - common practice of wearing buttoned boots, their ornate appearance, - and the indication of well-being which they afford, fit them most - especially for the Service of the Temple. They are seen upon the feet - of Parisians, of Romans, of Viennese; they are associated with our - modern occasions of Full Dress, and when we wear them we feel that we - are one with all that is of ours in Christendom. In a word, they are - Catholic, in the best and truest sense of the word. - - Now, my dear Burfle, consider the other side of the argument. The - laced boot, modern though it be in form and black and solid, is - yet most undoubtedly the Primitive Boot in its essential. That the - early Christians wore sandals is now beyond the reach of doubt or the - power of the wicked. There is indeed the famous forgery of Gelasius, - which may have imposed upon the superstition of the dark ages,[75] - there is the doubtful evidence also of the mosaic at Ravenna. But - the only solid ground ever brought forward was the passage in the - Pseudo-Johannes, which no modern scholar will admit to refer to - buttons. ξύγον means among other things a lace, an absolute lace, - and I defy our enemies (who are many and unscrupulous), to deny. The - Sandal has been finally given its place as a Primitive Christian - ornament; and we can crush the machinations of foreign missions, I - think, with the plain sentence of that great scholar, Dr. Junker, - “The sandal,” he says, “is the parent of the laced boot.” - - So far then, so good. You see (my dear Burfle), how honestly the two - sides may differ, and how, with such a backing upon either side, the - battle might rage indefinitely, to the final extinction, perhaps, of - our beloved country and its most cherished institutions. - - Is there no way by which such a catastrophe may be avoided? - - Why most certainly _yes_. There is a road on which both may travel, - a place in which all may meet. I mean the boot (preferably the - cloth boot) with elastic sides. Already it is worn by many of our - clergy.[76] It offends neither party, it satisfies, or should - satisfy, both; and for my part, I see in it one of those compromises - upon which our greatness is founded. Let us then determine to be in - this matter neither _sheep_ nor _goats_. It is better, far better, to - admit some sheepishness into our goatishness, or (if our extremists - _will_ have it so), some goatishness into our sheepishness--it is - better, I say, to enter one fold and be at peace together, than to - imperil our most cherished and beloved tenets in a mere wrangle upon - non-essentials. For, after all what is essential to us? Not boots, I - think, but righteousness. Righteousness may express itself in boots, - it is just and good that it should do so, but to see righteousness in - the boot itself is to fall into the gross materialism of the middle - ages, and to forget our birthright and the mess of pottage. - - Yours (my dear Burfle) in all charity, - - JOSIAH LAMBKIN. - - - - -XV. - -Lambkin’s Letter to a French Friend - - -Lambkin’s concern for the Continent was deep and lasting. He knew the -Western part of this Division of the Globe from a constant habit of -travel which would take him by the Calais-Bâle, passing through the -St. Gothard by night, and so into the storied plains of Italy.[77] It -was at Milan that he wrote his _Shorter Anglo-Saxon Grammar_, and in -Assisi that he corrected the proofs of his article on the value of -oats as human food. Everyone will remember the abominable outrage at -Naples, where he was stabbed by a coachman in revenge for his noble and -disinterested protection of a poor cab-horse; in a word, Italy is full -of his vacations, and no name is more familiar to the members of the -Club at the Villa Marinoni. - -It may seem strange that under such circumstances our unhappy -neighbours across the Channel should so especially have taken up his -public action. He was no deep student of the French tongue, and he -had but a trifling acquaintance with the habits of the common people -of that country; but he has said himself with great fervour, in his -“Thoughts on Political Obligations,” that no man could be a good -citizen of England who did not understand her international position. -“What” (he would frequently exclaim) “what can they know of England, -who only England know?”[78] He did not pretend to a familiarity with -the minute details of foreign policy, nor was he such a pedant as to -be offended at the good-humoured chaff directed against his accent in -the pronunciation of foreign names. Nevertheless he thought it--and -rightly thought it--part of his duty to bring into any discussion of -the affairs of the Republic those chance phrases which lend colour and -body to a conversation. He found this duty as it lay in his path and -accomplished it, without bombast, but with full determination, and -with a vast firmness of purpose. Thus he would often let drop such -expressions as “état majeur,” “la cléricalisme c’est l’ennemi,” “l’état -c’est moi,”[79] and such was his painful and exact research that he -first in the University arrived at the meaning of the word “bordereau,” -which, until his discovery, all had imagined to be a secret material of -peculiar complexity. - -Mr. Lambkin had but one close friend in France, a man who had from -cosmopolitan experience acquired a breadth and humour which the -Frenchman so conspicuously lacks; he united, therefore, the charm -of the French character to that general experience which Lambkin -invariably demanded of his friends, and the fact that he belonged to -a small political minority and had so long associated with foreigners -had winnowed from that fine soul the grossness and one-sidedness, the -mingled vanity and ferocity, which seems so fatal a part of the Gallic -temper. In some ways this friend reminded one of the great Huguenots -whom France to her eternal loss banished by the revocation of the Edict -of Nantes, and of whom a bare twenty thousand are now to be found in -the town of Nîmes. In other ways this gifted mind recalled--and this -would be in his moments of just indignation--the manner and appearance -of a Major Prophet. - -Jules de la Vaguère dè Bissac was the first of his family to bear that -ancient name, but not the least worthy. Born on a Transatlantic in the -port of Hamburg, his first experience of life had been given him in the -busy competition of New York. It was there that he acquired the rapid -glance, the grasp, the hard business head which carried him from Buenos -Ayres to Amsterdam, and finally to a fortune. His wealth he spent in -the entertainment of his numerous friends, in the furtherance of just -aims in politics (to which alas! the rich in France do not subscribe -as they should), to the publication of sound views in the press, and -occasionally (for old habit is second nature[80]), in the promotion -of some industrial concern destined to benefit his country and the -world.[81] With transactions, however sound and honest, that savoured -of mere speculation De Bissac would have nothing to do, and when his -uncle and brother fled the country in 1887, he helped, indeed, with his -purse but he was never heard to excuse or even to mention the poor, -fallen men. - -His hotel in the Rue des Fortifications (a modest but coquettish -little gem, whose doors were bronze copies of the famous gates of the -Baptistery at Florence), had often received Mr. Lambkin and a happy -circle of friends. Judge then of the horror and indignation with which -Oxford heard that two of its beautiful windows had been intentionally -broken on the night of June 15th, 1896. The famous figure of “Mercy,” -taken from the stained glass at Rheims, was destroyed and one of the -stones had fallen on the floor within an inch of a priceless Sèvres -vase that had once belonged to Law and had been bought from M. Panama. -It was on the occasion of this abominable outrage that Mr. Lambkin sent -the following letter, which, as it was published in the _Horreur_, I -make no scruple of reprinting. But, for the sake of the historical -interest it possesses, I give it in its original form:-- - - “CHER AMI ET MONSIEUR, - - Je n’ai pas de doute que vous aurez souvenu votre visite à Oxford, - car je suis bien sur que je souviens ma visite à Paris, quand je fus - recu avec tant de bienveillance par vous et votre aimable famille. - - Vous aurez donc immediatement après l’accident pensé à nous car vous - aurez su que nous étions, moi et Bilkin, vos amis sincerès surtout - dans la politique. Nous avons expecté quelque chose pareille et nous - comprenons bien pourquoi c’est le mauvais Durand qui a jété les - pierres. Vous avez été trop bon pour cet homme là. Souvenez-vous en - future que c’est exactement ceux à qui nous pretons de l’argent et - devraient être dévoués à nous, qui deviennent des ennemis. Voilà - ce qui empêche si souvent de faire du bien excepté à ceux qui nous - seront fideles et doux. - - (_All this, being of a private nature, was not printed in M. de - Bissac’s paper. The public portion follows._) - - Il est bien evident d’où viennent des abominables et choquants choses - pareilles. C’est que la France se meurent. Un pays où il n’y a - personne[82] qui peut empecher des fanatiques de briser les verres - est un pays en décadence, voilà ce que l’Irlande aurait été si nous - étions pas là pour l’empecher. On briserait des verres très surement - et beaucoup. J’espère que je ne blesse pas votre cœur de Français en - disant tout celà, mais il est bien mieux de connaître ce que l’on a, - même si c’est mortel comme en France. - - Vous l’avez bien dit c’est les militarisme et cléricalisme qui font - ces outrages. Examinez bien l’homme qui a fait ça et vous verrez - qu’il a été baptisé et très probablement il a fait son service - militaire. Oh! Mon cher ami que Dieu[83] vous a merveilleusement - préservé de l’influence du Sabe et du Goupillon! Vous n’avez pas - fait votre service et si vous êtes sage ne faites le jamais car il - corrompt le caractère. Je nous ne l’avons pas. - - J’ai lu avec grand plaisir votre article “Le Prêtre au Bagne,” oui! - c’est au Bagne que’l on devrait envoyer les Prêtres seulement dans - un pays ou tant de personne sont Catholiques, je crains que les jurys - sentimentales de votre pays aquitterait honteusement ces hommes - néfastes. - - J’espère que je ne blesse pas votre Cœur de Catholique en disant - cela.[84] Nos Catholiques ici ne sont pas si mauvais que nos - Catholiques là-bas. Beaucoup des notres sont de très bonnes familles, - mais en Irlande l’ignorance et terrible, et on veut le faire plus - grand avec une Université! - - En éspérant que la France redeviendra son vrai même[85] ce que je - crains être impossible, je reste, mon cher ami (et Monsieur) votre - ami sincère, agriez mes vœux pressés, tout-à-toi. - - JOSUE LAMBKIN. - - - - -XVI. - -Interview with Mr. Lambkin. - - -A representative of _The J. C. R._ had, but a short while before -his death, the privilege of an interview with Mr. Lambkin on those -numerous questions of the day which the enterprise of the Press puts -before its readers. The meeting has a most pathetic interest! Here -was the old man full and portly, much alive to current questions, and -to the last a true representative of his class. Within a week the -fatal Gaudy had passed and he was no more! Though the words here given -are reported by another, they bear the full, fresh impress of his -personality and I treasure them as the last authentic expression of -that great mind. - -“Ringing the bell” (writes our representative) “at a neat villa in -the Banbury Road, the door was answered by a trim serving-maid in a -chintz gown and with a white cap on her head. The whole aspect of Mr. -Lambkin’s household without and within breathes repose and decent -merriment. I was ushered into a well-ordered study, and noticed upon -the walls a few handsome prints, chosen in perfect taste and solidly -mounted in fine frames, ‘The meeting of Wellington and Blucher at -Waterloo,’ ‘John Knox preaching before Mary Queen of Scots,’ ‘The trial -of Lord William Russell,’ and two charming pictures of a child and a -dog: ‘Can ’oo talk?’ and ‘Me too!’ completed the little gallery. I -noticed also a fine photograph of the Marquis of Llanidloes, whose -legal attainments and philological studies had formed a close bond -between him and Mr. Lambkin. A faded daguerreotype of Mr. Lambkin’s -mother and a pencil sketch of his father’s country seat possessed a -pathetic interest. - -“Mr. Lambkin came cheerily into the room, and I plunged at once ‘in -medias res.’ - -“‘Pray Mr. Lambkin what do you think of the present position of -parties?’” - -“‘Why, if you ask me,’ he replied, with an intelligent look, ‘I think -the great party system needs an opposition to maintain it in order, and -I regret the absence of any man of weight or talent--I had almost said -of common decency--on the Liberal side. The late Lord Llanidloes--who -was the old type of Liberal--such a noble heart!--said to me in this -very room, ‘Mark my words, Lambkin’ (said he) ‘_the Opposition is -doomed_.’ This was in Mr. Gladstone’s 1885 Parliament; it has always -seemed to me a wonderful prophecy. But Llanidloes was a wonderful man, -and the place of second Under-Secretary for Agriculture was all too -little a reward for such services as his to the State. ‘Do you know -those lines,’ here Mr. Lambkin grew visibly affected, ‘Then all were -for the party and none were for the State, the rich man paid the poor -man, and the weak man loved the great’? ‘I fear those times will never -come again.’ - -“A profound silence followed. ‘However,’ continued he with quiet -emphasis, ‘Home Rule is dead, and there is no immediate danger of any -tampering with the judicial system of Great Britain after the fashion -that obtains in France.’ - -“‘Yes,’ he continued, with the smile that makes him so familiar, ‘these -are my books: trifles,--but my own. Here’ (taking down a volume), ‘is -_What would Cromwell have done?_--a proposal for reforming Oxford. Then -here, in a binding with purple flowers, is my _Time and Purpose_,--a -devotional book which has sold largely. The rest of the shelf is what -I call my ‘casual’ work. It was mainly done for that great modern -publisher,--Matthew Straight, who knows so well how to combine the -old Spirit with Modern exigencies. You know his beautiful sign of the -Boiling Pot in Plummer’s Court? It was painted for him by one of his -young artists. You have doubtless seen his name in the lists of guests -at country houses; I often meet him when I go to visit my friends, and -we plan a book together. - -“‘Thus my _Boys of Great Britain_--an historical work, was conceived -over the excellent port of Baron Gusmann at Westburton Abbey. Then -there is the expansion of this book, _English Boyhood_, in three -volumes, of which only two have appeared--_Anglo-Saxon Boyhood_ and -_Mediæval Boyhood in England_. It is very laborious. - -“‘No,’ he resumed, with nervous rapidity, ‘I have not confined myself -to these. There is “_What is Will?_” “_Mehitopel the Jewess of Prague_” -(a social novel); “_The Upper House of Convocation before History_;” -“_Elements of the Leibnitzian Monodology for Schools_” (which is the -third volume in the High School Series); “_Physiology of the Elephant_” -and its little abbreviated form for the use of children, “_How Jumbo -is made Inside_,” dedicated, by the way, to that dear little fairy, -Lady Constantia de la Pole: such a charming child, and destined, I am -sure, to be a good and beautiful woman. She is three years old, and -shooting up like a graceful young lily.’ - -“‘I fear I am detaining you,’ I said, as the good man, whose eyes -had filled with tears during the last remark (he is a great lover of -children) pulled out a gold watch and consulted its tell-tale dial. -‘Not at all!,’ he replied with finished courtesy, ‘but I always make a -point of going in to High Tea and seeing my wife and family well under -weigh before I go off to Hall. Surely that must be the gong, and there -(as the pleasant sound of children’s high voices filled the house) come -what I call my young barbarians.’ - -“He accompanied me to the door with true old-world politeness and -shook me beautifully by the hand. ‘Good-bye,’ he said, ‘Good-bye and -God-speed. You may make what use you like of this, that I believe the -task of the journalist to be among the noblest in our broad land. The -Press has a great mission, a great mission.’ - -“With these words still ringing in my ears I gathered up my skirts to -cross the muddy roadway and stepped into the tram.” - - -Women’s Printing Society, Ltd., 66, Whitcomb St. W.C. - - - - -FOOTNOTES. - - -[1] - - But do not think I shall explain - To any great extent. Believe me, - I partly write to give you pain, - And if you do not like me, leave me. - - -[2] - - And least of all can you complain, - Reviewers, whose unholy trade is, - To puff with all your might and main - Biographies of single ladies. - - -[3] Never mind. - -[4] - - The plan forgot (I know not how, - Perhaps the Refectory filled it), - To put a chapel in: and now - We’re mortgaging the rest to build it. - - -[5] There can be no doubt that the work is a true example of the early -Semitic Comedy. It was probably sung in Parts at the Spring-feast, and -would be acted by shepherds wearing masks and throwing goatskins at one -another, as they appear on the Bas-relief at Ik-shmûl. See the article -in _Righteousness_, by a gentleman whom the Bible Society sent out to -Assyria at their own expense; and the note to Appendix A of Benson’s -_Og: King of Bashan_. - -[6] The house is now occupied by Mr. Heavy, the well-known financier. - -[7] The old school house has been pulled down to make room for a set -of villas called “Whortlebury Gardens.” I believe No. 35 to be the -exact spot, but was unable to determine it accurately on account of the -uncourteous action of the present proprietor. - -[8] I am speaking of 1861. - -[9] Mr. Lambkin has assured me that his lordship had maintained these -relations to the day of his death. - -[10] To be pronounced as a monosyllable in the American fashion. - -[11] Mr. Punt, Mr. Howl, and Mr. Grewcock--(now, alas! deceased). - -[12] A neat rendering of “Sublimi feriam sidera vertice.” - -[13] _To the Examiners._--These facts (of which I guarantee the -accuracy) were given me by a Director. - -[14] A reminiscence of Milton: “Fas est et ab hoste doceri.” - -[15] Lambkin told me he regretted this line, which was for the sake of -Rhyme. He would willingly have replaced it, but to his last day could -construct no substitute. - -[16] The anecdote will be found in my _Fifty Years of Chance -Acquaintances_. (Isaacs & Co., 44s. nett.) - -[17] Lambkin resolutely refused to define Happiness when pressed to do -so by a pupil in June, 1881: in fact, his hatred of definitions was so -well-known as to earn him the good-humoured nick-name of “the Sloucher” -among the wilder young scholars. - -[18] τὸ μεσόν - -[19] This was the first historical example of Lambkin’s acquaintance -with Hebrew--a knowledge which he later turned to such great account in -his attack on the pseudo-Johannes. - -[20] It is the passage that follows which made so startling an -impression on the examiners. At that time young Lambkin was almost -alone in holding the views which have since, through the Fellows of -Colleges who may be newspaper men or colonial governors, influenced the -whole world. - -[21] Jocular. - -[22] The MS. is here almost illegible - -[23] The very word “dormant” comes from the Latin for “sleeping.” - -[24] I knew Professor M‘O. in the sixties. He was a charming and -cultured Scotchman, with a thorough mastery of the English tongue. - -[25] Dr. von Lieber-Augustin. I knew him well. He was a charming and -cultured German. - -[26] How different from the cynical ribaldry of Voltaire. - -[27] Mr. Buffin. I know him well. His uncle is Lord Glenaltamont, one -of the most charming and cultured of our new peers. - -[28] See especially “Hypnotism,” being the researches of the Research -Society (xiv. vols., London, 1893), and “Superstitions of the Past, -especially the belief in the Influence of Sleep upon Spells,” by Dr. -Beradini. Translated by Mrs. Blue. (London: Tooby & Co., 1895.) - -[29] Bk. I. or Bk. IV. - -[30] “Amo dormire. Sed nunquam dormio post nonas horas nam episcopus -sum et volo dare bonum exemplum fidelibus.” App. Sid. Epistol., Bk. -III., Epist. 26. (Libermach’s edition. Berlin, 1875.) It has the true -ring of the fifth century. - -[31] So Herrick, in his famous epigram on Buggins. A learned prelate of -my acquaintance would frequently quote this. - -[32] The same lines occur in several other poets. Notably _Tupper_ and -_Montgomery_. - -[33] See “Private Memoirs of the Court of Geo. III. and the Regent,” by -Mrs. Fitz-H----t. - -[34] See further, _The Morning Star of England_, in “Stirrers of the -Nations Series,” by the Rev. H. Turmsey, M.A. Also _Foes and Friends of -John of Gaunt_, by Miss Matchkin. - -[35] “Latin Proses,” 3_s._ 6_d._ net. Jason and Co., Piccadilly. - -[36] Now doing his duty to the Empire nobly as a cattle-man in -Minnesota. - -[37] Everyone will remember the striking article on this author in _The -Christian Home_ for July, 1886. It was from Lambkin’s pen. - -[38] Lambkin was, when he wrote this letter, fully twenty-six years of -age. - -[39] Only a playful term of course. - -[40] A considerable discussion has arisen as to the meaning of this. - -[41] A jocular allusion. - -[42] “Sicut ut homo qui”--my readers will fill in the rest. - -[43] The note of exclamation is my own. - -[44] Author of _Prussian Morals_. - -[45] These are almost the exact words that appeared in the subsequent -and over-rated book of Théophile Gauthier: “Rien ne mène à rien -cependant tout arrive.” - -[46] It was by my suggestion (_quorum pars parva fui_) that was added -the motto “They that go down to the sea in ships, they see the wonders -of the Lord.” - -[47] _Livorno_ in Italian. - -[48] Or “have given rise.” Myself and my colleagues attempted (or had -attempted) to determine this point. But there can be little doubt that -the version we arrived at is right both in grammar and in fact. The MS. -is confused. - -[49] Though posted in Gravesend this letter appears to have been -written between London and the Estuary. Some say in Dead Man’s Reach. - -[50] This passage was set for the Latin Prose in the Burford -Scholarship of 1875. It was won by Mr. Hurt, now Chaplain of the -Wainmakers’ Guild. - -[51] Normans. - -[52] Hastings. - -[53] These letters were never printed till now. - -[54] The late Hon. John Tupton, the amiable colonial who purchased -Marlborough House and made so great a stir in London some years ago. - -[55] Mrs. Tupton, senior, a woman whose heroic struggles in the face of -extreme poverty were a continual commentary on the awful results of our -so-called perfected Penal System. - -[56] There is great doubt upon the exactitude of this. In his lifetime -Tupton often spoke of “the poor tenement house in New York where I was -born,” and in a letter he alludes to “my birth at sea in the steerage -of a Liner.” - -[57] This was perhaps the origin of a phrase which may be found -scattered with profusion throughout Lambkin’s works. - -[58] Mr. Lambkin did not give the derivation of this word. - -[59] “Alii igni infamiae vitam alii fugâ dederunt.”--_Tacitus, In Omnes -Caesares_, I. viii. 7. - -[60] The italicised words were omitted in the article. - -[61] The full title of the translation is “The Roman Sandal: Its -growth, development and decay. Its influence on society and its -position in the liturgy of the Western Church.” - -[62] Nephew of Mr. Child, the former editor; grandson of Mr. Pilgrim, -the founder; and father of the present editor of _Culture_. - -[63] Mr. Cook criticises this sentence. It is a point upon which -friends may “_agréer à différer_.” - -[64] Author of _Psychologie de l’Absurde_. - -[65] Professor of Micro-graphy at Bonn. - -[66] This was rather severe, as M. Bischoff had spent some years in a -Maison de Santé. - -[67] An example of these occasional difficulties in style, due to the -eagerness of which I have spoken. - -[68] The meaning of this sentence is made clear thus: They (subject) -twitted (predicate), with-his-qualifications (adverbially “how”), -over--the--port (adverbially “where and when”), him (object). - -[69] Mr. Lambkin loved to pass a quiet hour over the MSS. in the -Bodleian, and would quote familiarly the rare lines of Chaucer, -especially, among the mediæval poets. - -[70] This sentence is an admirable example of Lambkin’s later manner. - -[71] Raphael. - -[72] P. 347, “The impetuosity of the action ill-suits with what is -known of Lambkin.” It is all very well for the editor of _Great Dead -Men_ to say that this apologises for the misfortune; that apology does -not excuse the imputation of impetuosity (forsooth!) to a man whose -every gesture was restrained. - -[73] Better known perhaps as an author than as a cleric. He met his -end in a shocking manner in a railway accident. His life was, however, -insured, and he had upon him a copy of _Golden Deeds_. - -[74] Beeker’s _A Torch for the Chapell; or the Nonconformists -out-done_. Folio, 1663, p. 71. - -[75] Referring to the edict on Buttoned Boots of Romulus Augustulus: a -very shameless injustice. - -[76] Lambkin lived to see its almost universal adoption: a result in -which he was no mean agent. - -[77] “On fair Italia’s storied plains,” Biggin, xii., _l._ 32. - -[78] I am assured by Mr. Venial that this well-known line originally -took shape on Mr. Lambkin’s lips. - -[79] This phrase he noticed early in his studies to be a rhyming -catchword, and pronounced it so to the day of his death. - -[80] Hobbes. - -[81] Thus M. dè Bissac was the President of the Société Anonyme des -Voitures-fixes. - -[82] “Accuracy in the use of negatives,” Mr. Lambkin would say, “is the -test of a scholar.” - -[83] Changed to “le Destin” in the newspaper. - -[84] M. de Bissac was a Catholic, but one of the most liberal temper. -He respected the Pope, but said that he was led astray by his advisers. -He voted every year for the suppression of public worship in France and -the turning of the churches into local museums. He was in every way -remarkably unprejudiced for a man of that persuasion. His indefatigable -attacks upon the clergy of his country have earned him the admiration -of part of the whole civilised world. - -[85] The phrase is “return to her true self.” It was a favourite one of -Lambkin’s, but is I fear untranslatable. The French have no such subtle -ideas. The whole sentence was left out in the _Horreur_, and the final -paragraph began with “Je reste.” - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE. - - -This eBook makes the following corrections to the printed text: - - Pg v footnote - single ladies - single ladies. - Table of Contents - End of Term - End of Term 88 - Table of Contents - Mr. Lambkin - Mr. Lambkin 132 - Pg 5 - the Crumpton’s - the Crumptons - Pg 13 - teutonic gutturals - Teutonic gutturals - Pg 14 - WITH THE ELECTRIC LIGHT - WITH THE ELECTRIC LIGHT” - Pg 28 - our analusis - our analysis - Pg 47 - from Ennius to Sidonius Appollinaris - from Ennius to Sidonius Apollinaris - Pg 57 - transforms without metamorphysis - transforms without metamorphosis - Pg 63 footnote - London and the Estuary - London and the Estuary. - Pg 71 footnote - never printed till now - never printed till now. - Pg 98 footnote - o me years in a Maison - some years in a Maison - Pg 121 - In there no way - Is there no way - Pg 129 - si nous etions pas pour l’empecher - si nous étions pas pour l’empecher. - Pg 129 - les militarisme et clericalisme - les militarisme et cléricalisme - Pg 133 - position of parties?” - position of parties?’” - Pg 136 - “Physiology of the Elephant - “Physiology of the Elephant” - Pg 136 - ‘Not at al!,’ - ‘Not at all!,’ - Pg 137 - Whitcomb St. W.C - Whitcomb St. W.C. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAMBKIN'S REMAINS *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Lambkin's Remains, by Hilaire Belloc</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Lambkin's Remains</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Hilaire Belloc</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 21, 2021 [eBook #66103]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Tim Lindell, Benjamin Fluehr and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAMBKIN'S REMAINS ***</div> -<h1>LAMBKIN’S REMAINS</h1> - -<p class="center p4"><span class="tbig"><span class="smcap">By</span> H. B.</span></p> - -<p class="center p2"><i>Author of “The Bad Child’s Book of Beasts,” etc</i></p> - - -<p class="center p4"><span class="smcap">Published by<br /> -The Proprietors of the <i>J.C.R.</i> at<br /> -J. Vincent’s<br /> -96, High Street Oxford</span></p> - -<p class="center p2">1900</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p><i>Lambkin on “Sleep” appeared in “The -Isis.” It is reprinted here by kind permission of -the Proprietors. The majority of the remaining -pieces were first published in “The J. C. R.”</i></p> - -<p class="center p4">[<i>All rights reserved.</i>]</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="DEDICATION">DEDICATION</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="center">TO</p> - -<p class="center">THE REPUBLICAN CLUB</p> - -<p class="center p2"><span class="smcap">I am determined<br /> -to<br /> -dedicate<br /> -this Book<br /> -and nothing shall turn me from<br /> -my Purpose.</span> -</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="DEDICATORY_ODE">DEDICATORY ODE.</h2> -</div> - - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">I mean to write with all my strength</div> - <div class="verse indent2">(It lately has been sadly waning),</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A ballad of enormous length—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Some parts of which will need explaining.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Because (unlike the bulk of men,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Who write for fame and public ends),</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I turn a lax and fluent pen</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To talking of my private friends.<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">For no one, in our long decline,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">So dusty, spiteful and divided,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Had quite such pleasant friends as mine,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Or loved them half as much as I did.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The Freshman ambles down the High,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">In love with everything he sees,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He notes the clear October sky,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">He sniffs a vigorous western breeze.</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</span> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Can this be Oxford? This the place”</div> - <div class="verse indent2">(He cries), “of which my father said</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The tutoring was a damned disgrace,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The creed a mummery, stuffed and dead?</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Can it be here that Uncle Paul</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Was driven by excessive gloom,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To drink and debt, and, last of all,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To smoking opium in his room?</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Is it from here the people come,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Who talk so loud, and roll their eyes,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And stammer? How extremely rum!</div> - <div class="verse indent2">How curious! What a great surprise.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Some influence of a nobler day</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Than theirs (I mean than Uncle Paul’s),</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Has roused the sleep of their decay,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And decked with light their ancient walls.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“O! dear undaunted boys of old,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Would that your names were carven here,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">For all the world in stamps of gold,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That I might read them and revere.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Who wrought and handed down for me</div> - <div class="verse indent2">This Oxford of the larger air,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Laughing, and full of faith, and free,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">With youth resplendent everywhere.”</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</span> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Then learn: thou ill-instructed, blind,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Young, callow, and untutored man,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Their private names were⸺<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></div> - <div class="verse indent2">Their club was called <span class="smcap">Republican</span>.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Where on their banks of light they lie,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The happy hills of Heaven between,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The Gods that rule the morning sky</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Are not more young, nor more serene</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Than were the intrepid Four that stand,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The first who dared to live their dream,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And on this uncongenial land</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To found the Abbey of Theleme.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">We kept the Rabelaisian plan:<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></div> - <div class="verse indent2">We dignified the dainty cloisters</div> - <div class="verse indent0">With Natural Law, the Rights of Man,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Song, Stoicism, Wine and Oysters.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The library was most inviting:</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The books upon the crowded shelves</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Were mainly of our private writing:</div> - <div class="verse indent2">We kept a school and taught ourselves.</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</span> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">We taught the art of writing things</div> - <div class="verse indent2">On men we still should like to throttle:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And where to get the blood of kings</div> - <div class="verse indent2">At only half-a-crown a bottle.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Eheu Fugaces! Postume!</div> - <div class="verse indent2">(An old quotation out of mode);</div> - <div class="verse indent0">My coat of dreams is stolen away,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">My youth is passing down the road.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The wealth of youth, we spent it well</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And decently, as very few can.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And is it lost? I cannot tell;</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And what is more, I doubt if you can.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The question’s very much too wide,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And much too deep, and much too hollow,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And learned men on either side</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Use arguments I cannot follow.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">They say that in the unchanging place,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Where all we loved is always dear,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">We meet our morning face to face,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And find at last our twentieth year....</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">They say, (and I am glad they say),</div> - <div class="verse indent2">It is so; and it may be so:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">It may be just the other way,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">I cannot tell. But this I know:</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</span> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">From quiet homes and first beginning,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Out to the undiscovered ends,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">There’s nothing worth the wear of winning,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">But laughter and the love of friends.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">But something dwindles, oh! my peers,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And something cheats the heart and passes,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And Tom that meant to shake the years</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Has come to merely rattling glasses.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">And He, the Father of the Flock,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Is keeping Burmesans in order,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">An exile on a lonely rock</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That overlooks the Chinese border.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">And One (myself I mean—no less),</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Ah!—will Posterity believe it—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Not only don’t deserve success,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">But hasn’t managed to achieve it.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Not even this peculiar town</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Has ever fixed a friendship firmer,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But—one is married, one’s gone down,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And one’s a Don, and one’s in Burmah.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">And oh! the days, the days, the days,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">When all the four were off together:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The infinite deep of summer haze,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The roaring boast of autumn weather!</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</span> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">I will not try the reach again,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">I will not set my sail alone,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To moor a boat bereft of men</div> - <div class="verse indent2">At Yarnton’s tiny docks of stone.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">But I will sit beside the fire,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And put my hand before my eyes,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And trace, to fill my heart’s desire,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The last of all our Odysseys.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The quiet evening kept her tryst:</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Beneath an open sky we rode,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And mingled with a wandering mist</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Along the perfect Evenlode.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The tender Evenlode that makes</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Her meadows hush to hear the sound</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Of waters mingling in the brakes,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And binds my heart to English ground.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">A lovely river, all alone,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">She lingers in the hills and holds</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A hundred little towns of stone,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Forgotten in the western wolds.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"> - -<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">I dare to think (though meaner powers</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Possess our thrones, and lesser wits</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Are drinking worser wine than ours,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">In what’s no longer Austerlitz)</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</span> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">That surely a tremendous ghost,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The brazen-lunged, the bumper-filler,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Still sings to an immortal toast,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The Misadventures of the Miller.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The vasty seas are hardly bar</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To men with such a prepossession;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">We were? Why then, by God, we <i>are</i>—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Order! I call the club to session!</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">You do retain the song we set,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And how it rises, trips and scans?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">You keep the sacred memory yet,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Republicans? Republicans?</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">You know the way the words were hurled,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To break the worst of fortune’s rub?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I give the toast across the world,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And drink it, “Gentlemen: the Club.”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<table class="autotable" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdr" colspan="3"><span class="tsmall" style="margin-left: 3.5em;">PAGE</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#DEDICATORY_ODE">Dedicatory Ode</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">v</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PREFACE">Preface</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">xv</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">I.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#I">Introductory</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">1</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">II.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#II">Lambkin’s Newdigate</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">14</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">III.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#III">Some Remarks on Lambkin’s Prose Style</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">22</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">IV.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#IV">Lambkin’s Essay on “Success”</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">28</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">V.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#V">Lambkin on “Sleep”</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">37</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">VI.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#VI">Lambkin’s Advice to Freshmen</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">42</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">VII.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#VII">Lambkin’s Lecture on “Right”</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">51</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">VIII.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#VIII">Lambkin’s Special Correspondence</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">58</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">IX.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#IX">Lambkin’s Address to the League of Progress</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">72</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">X.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#X">Lambkin’s Leader</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">83</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">XI.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#XI">Lambkin’s Remarks on the End of Term</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">88</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">XII.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#XII">Lambkin’s Article on the North-West Corner of the Mosaic Pavement of the Roman Villa at Bignor</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">95</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">XIII.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#XIII">Lambkin’s Sermon</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">104</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">XIV.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#XIV">Lambkin’s Open Letter to Churchmen</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">114</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">XV.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#XV">Lambkin’s Letter to a French Friend</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">123</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">XVI.</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#XVI">Interview with Mr. Lambkin</a></span></td> -<td class="tdp">132</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE">PREFACE</h2> -</div> - - -<p>The preparation of the ensuing pages -has been a labour of love, and has cost me -many an anxious hour. “Of the writing of -books,” says the learned Psalmist (or more -probably a Syro-Chaldæic scribe of the third -century) “there is no end”; and truly it is a -very solemn thought that so many writers, -furnishing the livelihood of so many publishers, -these in their turn supporting so -many journals, reviews and magazines, and -these last giving bread to such a vast army of -editors, reviewers, and what not—I say it is -a very solemn thought that this great mass -of people should be engaged upon labour of -this nature; labour which, rightly applied, -might be of immeasurable service to humanity, -but which is, alas! so often diverted -into useless or even positively harmful -channels: channels upon which I could -write at some length, were it not necessary -for me, however, to bring this reflection to -a close.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xvi">[Pg xvi]</span></p> - -<p>A fine old Arabic poem—probably the -oldest complete literary work in the world—(I -mean the Comedy which we are accustomed -to call the Book of Job)<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> contains -hidden away among its many treasures the -phrase, “Oh! that mine enemy had written -a book!” This craving for literature, which -is so explicable in a primitive people, and -the half-savage desire that the labour of -writing should fall upon a foeman captured -in battle, have given place in the long process -of historical development to a very -different spirit. There is now, if anything, -a superabundance of literature, and an -apology is needed for the appearance of -such a work as this, nor, indeed, would it -have been brought out had it not been imagined -that Lambkin’s many friends would -give it a ready sale.</p> - -<p>Animaxander, King of the Milesians,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_xvii">[Pg xvii]</span> -upon being asked by the Emissary of -Atarxessus what was, in his opinion, the -most wearying thing in the world, replied -by cutting off the head of the messenger, -thus outraging the religious sense of a time -to which guests and heralds were sacred, -as being under the special protection of -Ζεύς (pronounced “Tsephs”).</p> - -<p>Warned by the awful fate of the sacrilegious -monarch, I will put a term to these -opening remarks. My book must be its -own preface, I would that the work could -be also its own publisher, its own bookseller, -and its own reviewer.</p> - -<p>It remains to me only to thank the many -gentlemen who have aided me in my task -with the loan of letters, scraps of MSS., -portraits, and pieces of clothing—in fine, -with all that could be of interest in illustrating -Lambkin’s career. My gratitude is -especially due to Mr. Binder, who helped in -part of the writing; to Mr. Cook, who was -kind enough to look over the proofs; and to -Mr. Wallingford, Q.C., who very kindly -consented to receive an advance copy. I -must also thank the Bishop of Bury for his<span class="pagenum" id="Page_xviii">[Pg xviii]</span> -courteous sympathy and ever-ready suggestion; -I must not omit from this list M. -Hertz, who has helped me with French, -and whose industry and gentlemanly manners -are particularly pleasing.</p> - -<p>I cannot close without tendering my -thanks in general to the printers who have -set up this book, to the agencies which -have distributed it, and to the booksellers, -who have put it upon their shelves; I feel -a deep debt of gratitude to a very large -number of people, and that is a pleasant -sensation for a man who, in the course of a -fairly successful career, has had to give -(and receive) more than one shrewd knock.</p> - -<p> -<span class="smcap"> -<span class="i1">The Chaplaincy,</span><br /> -<span class="i2">Burford College,</span><br /> -<span class="i3">Oxford.</span> -</span> -</p> - -<p>P.S.—I have consulted, in the course of -this work, Liddell and Scott’s <i>Larger Greek -Lexicon</i>, Smith’s <i>Dictionary of Antiquities</i>, -Skeats’ <i>Etymological Dictionary</i>, <i>Le Dictionnaire -Franco-Anglais, et Anglo-Français</i>, of -Boileau, Curtis’ <i>English Synonyms</i>, Buffle -on <i>Punctuation</i>, and many other authorities -which will be acknowledged in the text.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Lambkins_Remains">Lambkin’s Remains</h2> -</div> - -<p class="center"><i>Being the unpublished works of -J. A. Lambkin, M.A. -sometime Fellow of Burford College</i></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="I">I.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">INTRODUCTORY</p> - - -<p>It is without a trace of compunction or -regret that I prepare to edit the few unpublished -essays, sermons and speeches of my -late dear friend, Mr. Lambkin. On the -contrary, I am filled with a sense that my -labour is one to which the clearest interests -of the whole English people call me, and I -have found myself, as the work grew under -my hands, fulfilling, if I may say so with -due modesty, a high and noble duty. I remember -Lambkin himself, in one of the last -conversations I had with him, saying with -the acuteness that characterised him, “The -world knows nothing of its greatest men.”<span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</span> -This pregnant commentary upon human -affairs was, I admit, produced by an accident -in the <i>Oxford Herald</i> which concerned myself. -In a description of a Public Function -my name had been mis-spelt, and though I -was deeply wounded and offended, I was -careful (from a feeling which I hope is common -to all of us) to make no more than the -slightest reference to this insult.</p> - -<p>The acute eye of friendship and sympathy, -coupled with the instincts of a scholar and -a gentleman, perceived my irritation, and in -the evening Lambkin uttered the memorable -words that I have quoted. I thanked -him warmly, but, if long acquaintance had -taught him my character, so had it taught -me his. I knew the reticence and modesty -of my colleague, the almost morbid fear that -vanity (a vice which he detested) might be -imputed to him on account of the exceptional -gifts which he could not entirely -ignore or hide; and I was certain that the -phrase which he constructed to heal my -wound was not without some reference to -his own unmerited obscurity.</p> - -<p>The world knows nothing of its greatest<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</span> -men! Josiah Lambkin! from whatever -Cypress groves of the underworld which -environs us when on dark winter evenings -in the silence of our own souls which nothing -can dissolve though all attunes to that -which nature herself perpetually calls us, -always, if we choose but to remember, your -name shall be known wherever the English -language and its various dialects are spoken. -The great All-mother has made me the -humble instrument, and I shall perform my -task as you would have desired it in a style -which loses half its evil by losing all its -rhetoric; I shall pursue my way and turn -neither to the right nor to the left, but go -straight on in the fearless old English -fashion till it is completed.</p> - -<p>Josiah Abraham Lambkin was born of -well-to-do and gentlemanly parents in Bayswater<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> -on January 19th, 1843. His father, -at the time of his birth, entertained objections -to the great Public Schools, largely -founded upon his religious leanings, which -were at that time opposed to the ritual of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</span> -those institutions. In spite therefore of the -vehement protestations of his mother (who -was distantly connected on the maternal -side with the Cromptons of Cheshire) the -boy passed his earlier years under the able -tutorship of a Nonconformist divine, and -later passed into the academy of Dr. -Whortlebury at Highgate.<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></p> - -<p>Of his school-days he always spoke with -some bitterness. He appears to have -suffered considerably from bullying, and -the Headmaster, though a humane, was a -blunt man, little fitted to comprehend the -delicate nature with which he had to deal. -On one occasion the nervous susceptible lad -found it necessary to lay before him a -description of the treatment to which he -had been subjected by a younger and -smaller, but much stronger boy; the pedagogue’s -only reply was to flog Lambkin -heartily with a light cane, “inflicting,” as -he himself once told me, “such exquisite<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</span> -agony as would ever linger in his memory.” -Doubtless this teacher of the old school -thought he was (to use a phrase then common) -“making a man of him,” but the -object was not easily to be attained by -brutal means. Let us be thankful that -these punishments have nearly disappeared -from our modern seminaries.</p> - -<p>When Josiah was fifteen years of age, his -father, having prospered in business, removed -to Eaton Square and bought an -estate in Surrey. The merchant’s mind, -which, though rough, was strong and acute, -had meanwhile passed through a considerable -change in the matter of religion; and -as the result of long but silent self-examination -he became the ardent supporter of a -system which he had formerly abhorred. -It was therefore determined to send the lad -to one of the two great Universities, and -though Mrs. Lambkin’s second cousins, the -Crumptons, had all been to Cambridge, -Oxford was finally decided upon as presenting -the greater social opportunities at the -time.<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</span></p> - -<p>Here, then, is young Lambkin, in his -nineteenth year, richly but soberly dressed, -and eager for the new life that opens before -him. He was entered at Burford College -on October the 15th, 1861; a date which is, -by a curious coincidence, exactly thirty-six -years, four months, and two days from the -time in which I pen these lines.</p> - -<p>Of his undergraduate career there is little -to be told. Called by his enemies “The -Burford Bounder,” or “dirty Lambkin,” he -yet acquired the respect of a small but -choice circle who called him by his own -name. He was third <i>proxime accessit</i> for -the Johnson prize in Biblical studies, and -would undoubtedly have obtained (or been -mentioned for) the Newdigate, had he not -been pitted against two men of quite exceptional -poetic gifts—the present editor -of “The Investor’s Sure Prophet,” and Mr. -Hound, the well-known writer on “Food -Statistics.”</p> - -<p>He took a good Second-class in Greats in -the summer of 1864, and was immediately -elected to a fellowship at Burford. It was -not known at the time that his father had<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</span> -become a bankrupt through lending large -sums at a high rate of interest to a young -heir without security, trusting to the -necessity under which his name and honour -would put him to pay. In the shipwreck -of the family fortunes, the small endowment -was a veritable godsend to Josiah, -who but for this recognition of his merits -would have been compelled to work for his -living.</p> - -<p>As it was, his peculiar powers were set -free to plan his great monograph on “Being,” -a work which, to the day of his death, he -designed not only to write but to publish.</p> - -<p>There was not, of course, any incident of -note in the thirty years during which he -held his fellowship. He did his duty -plainly as it lay before him, occasionally -taking pupils, and after the Royal Commission, -even giving lectures in the College -hall. He was made Junior Dean in October, -1872, Junior Bursar in 1876, and Bursar in -1880, an office which he held during the -rest of his life.</p> - -<p>In this capacity no breath of calumny -ever touched him. His character was spotless.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</span> -He never offered or took compensations -of any kind, and no one has hinted -that his accounts were not accurately and -strictly kept.</p> - -<p>He never allowed himself to be openly a -candidate for the Wardenship of the College, -but it is remarkable that he received one -vote at each of the three elections held in -the twenty years of his residence.</p> - -<p>He passed peacefully away just after Hall -on the Gaudy Night of last year. When -his death was reported, an old scout, ninety-two -years of age, who had grown deaf in -the service of the College, burst into tears -and begged that the name might be more -clearly repeated to him, as he had failed to -catch it. On hearing it he dried his eyes, and -said he had never known a better master.</p> - -<p>His character will, I think, be sufficiently -evident in the writings which I shall publish. -He was one of nature’s gentlemen; -reticent, just, and full of self-respect. He -hated a scene, and was careful to avoid -giving rise even to an argument. On the -other hand, he was most tenacious of his -just rights, though charitable to the deserving<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</span> -poor, and left a fortune of thirty-five -thousand pounds.</p> - -<p>In the difficult questions which arise from -the superior rank of inferiors he displayed -a constant tact and judgment. It is not -always easy for a tutor to control and guide -the younger members of the aristocracy -without being accused of pitiless severity -on the one hand or of gross obsequiousness -on the other. Lambkin, to his honour, contrived -to direct with energy and guide -without offence the men upon whom England’s -greatness depends.</p> - -<p>He was by no means a snob—snobbishness -was not in him. On the other hand, he -was equally removed from what is almost -worse than snobbishness—the morbid terror -of subservience which possesses some ill-balanced -minds.</p> - -<p>His attitude was this: that we are compelled -to admit the aristocratic quality of -the English polity and should, while -decently veiling its cruder aspects, enjoy -to the full the benefits which such a constitution -confers upon society and upon our -individual selves.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</span></p> - -<p>By a genial observance of such canons he -became one of the most respected among -those whom the chances of an academic -career presented to him as pupils or parents. -He was the guest and honoured friend of -the Duke of Cumberland, the Duke of -Pembroke, the Duke of Limerick (“Mad -Harry”), and the Duke of Lincoln; he -had also the honour of holding a long conversation -with the Duke of Berkshire, whom -he met upon the top of an omnibus in Piccadilly -and instantly recognised. He possessed -letters, receipts or communications -from no less than four Marquises, one Marquess, -ten Barons, sixteen Baronets and one -hundred and twenty County Gentlemen. I -must not omit Lord Grumbletooth, who -had had commercial dealings with his -father, and who remained to the end of -his life a cordial and devoted friend.<a id="FNanchor_9" href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p> - -<p>His tact in casual conversation was no -less remarkable than his general <i>savoir faire</i> -in the continuous business of life. Thus -upon one occasion a royal personage happened<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</span> -to be dining in Hall. It was some -days after the death of Mr. Hooligan, the -well-known Home Rule leader. The distinguished -guest, with perhaps a trifle of -licence, turned to Lambkin and said “Well, -Mr. Bursar, what do you think of Hooligan?” -We observed a respectful silence and wondered -what reply Lambkin would give in -these difficult circumstances. The answer -was like a bolt from the blue, “De mortuis -nil nisi bonum,” said the Classical Scholar, -and a murmur of applause went round the -table.</p> - -<p>Indeed his political views were perhaps -the most remarkable feature in a remarkable -character. He died a convinced and -staunch Liberal Unionist, and this was the -more striking as he was believed by all his -friends to be a Conservative until the introduction -of Mr. Gladstone’s famous Bill in -1885.</p> - -<p>In the delicate matter of religious controversy -his own writings must describe him, -nor will I touch here upon a question which -did not rise to any considerable public importance -until after his death. Perhaps I may<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</span> -be permitted to say this much; he was a -sincere Christian in the true sense of the -word, attached to no narrow formularies, but -following as closely as he could the system -of Seneca, stiffened (as it were) with the -meditations of Marcus Aurelius, though he -was never so violent as to attempt a practice -of what that extreme stoic laid down in -theory.</p> - -<p>Neither a ritualist nor a low-churchman, -he expressed his attitude by a profound and -suggestive silence. These words only escaped -him upon one single occasion. Let -us meditate upon them well in the stormy -discussions of to-day: “Medio tutissimus -ibis.”</p> - -<p>His learning and scholarship, so profound -in the dead languages, was exercised with -singular skill and taste in the choice he -made of modern authors.</p> - -<p>He was ignorant of Italian, but thoroughly -conversant with the French classics, which -he read in the admirable translations of the -‘Half-crown Series.’ His principal reading -here was in the works of Voltaire, -wherein, however, he confessed, “He could<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</span> -find no style, and little more than blasphemous -ribaldry.” Indeed, of the European -languages he would read German with the -greatest pleasure, confining himself chiefly -to the writings of Lessing, Kant, and Schiller. -His mind acquired by this habit a singular -breadth and fecundity, his style a kind of -rich confusion, and his speech (for he was -able to converse a little in that idiom) was -strengthened by expressions of the deepest -philosophic import; a habit which gave him -a peculiar and individual power over his -pupils, who mistook the Teutonic gutturals -for violent objurgations.</p> - -<p>Such was the man, such the gentleman, -the true ‘Hglaford,’ the modern ‘Godgebidden -Eorldemanthingancanning,’ whose -inner thoughts shall unroll themselves in -the pages that follow.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="II">II.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Newdigate</p> - -<p class="center">POEM WRITTEN FOR “NEWDIGATE -PRIZE” IN ENGLISH VERSE</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By J. A. Lambkin, Esq., of Burford -College</span></p> - -<p class="center"><i>N.B.</i>—[<i>The competitors are confined to the use of -Rhymed Heroic Iambic Pentameters, but the -introduction of</i> <span class="smcap">Lyrics</span> <i>is permitted</i>]</p> - -<p class="center">Subject: “THE BENEFITS CONFERRED BY -SCIENCE, ESPECIALLY IN CONNECTION -WITH THE ELECTRIC LIGHT”</p> - -<p class="center"><i>For the benefit of those who do not care to read through -the Poem but desire to know its contents, I append -the following headings</i>:</p> - -<div id="prize"> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Invocation to the Muse</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Hail! Happy Muse, and touch the tuneful string!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The benefits conferred by Science<a id="FNanchor_10" href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> I sing.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">His theme: the Electric Light and its -benefits</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Under the kind Examiners’<a id="FNanchor_11" href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> direction</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I only write about them in connection</div> - <div class="verse indent0">With benefits which the Electric Light</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Confers on us; especially at night.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">These are my theme, of these my song shall rise.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">My lofty head shall swell to strike the skies,<a id="FNanchor_12" href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></div> - <div class="verse indent0">And tears of hopeless love bedew the maiden’s eyes.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Second Invocation to the Muse</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Descend, O Muse, from thy divine abode,</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Osney</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">To Osney, on the Seven Bridges Road;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">For under Osney’s solitary shade</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The bulk of the Electric Light is made.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Here are the works, from hence the current flows</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Which (so the Company’s prospectus goes)</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Power of Works there</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Can furnish to Subscribers hour by hour</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</span> - <div class="verse indent0">No less than sixteen thousand candle power,<a id="FNanchor_13" href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></div> - <div class="verse indent0">All at a thousand volts. (It is essential</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To keep the current at this high potential</div> - <div class="verse indent0">In spite of the considerable expense.)</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Statistics concerning them</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The Energy developed represents,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Expressed in foot-tons, the united forces</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Of fifteen elephants and forty horses.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But shall my scientific detail thus</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Clip the dear wings of Buoyant Pegasus?</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Poetical or Rhetorical questions</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Shall pure statistics jar upon the ear</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That pants for Lyric accents loud and clear?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Shall I describe the complex Dynamo</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Or write about its commutator? No!</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The Theme changes</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">To happier fields I lead my wanton pen,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The proper study of mankind is men.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Third Invocation to the Muse</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Awake, my Muse! Portray the pleasing sight</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That meets us where they make Electric Light.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">A picture of the Electrician</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Behold the Electrician where he stands:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Soot, oil, and verdigris are on his hands;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Large spots of grease defile his dirty clothes,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The while his conversation drips with oaths.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Shall such a being perish in its youth?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Alas! it is indeed the fatal truth.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">In that dull brain, beneath that hair unkempt,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Familiarity has bred contempt.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">We warn him of the gesture all too late;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Oh, Heartless Jove! Oh, Adamantine Fate!</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">His awful fate</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Some random Touch—a hand’s imprudent slip—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The Terminals—a flash—a sound like “Zip!”</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A smell of Burning fills the startled Air—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The Electrician is no longer there!<hr class="tb" /></div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">He changes his Theme</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">But let us turn with true Artistic scorn</div> - <div class="verse indent0">From facts funereal and from views forlorn</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</span> - <div class="verse indent0">Of Erebus and Blackest midnight born.<a id="FNanchor_14" href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Fourth Invocation to the Muse</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Arouse thee, Muse! and chaunt in accents rich</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The interesting processes by which</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The Electricity is passed along:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">These are my theme, to these I bend my song.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Description of method by which the Current -is used</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">It runs encased in wood or porous brick</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Through copper wires two millimetres thick,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And insulated on their dangerous mission</div> - <div class="verse indent0">By indiarubber, silk, or composition,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Here you may put with critical felicity</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The following question: “What is Electricity?”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Difficulty of determining nature of -Electricity</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Molecular Activity,” say some,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Others when asked say nothing, and are dumb.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Whatever be its nature: this is clear,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The rapid current checked in its career,</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</span> - <div class="verse indent0">Baulked in its race and halted in its course<a id="FNanchor_15" href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></div> - <div class="verse indent0">Transforms to heat and light its latent force:</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Conservation of Energy. Proofs of this: -no experiment needed</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">It needs no pedant in the lecturer’s chair</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To prove that light and heat are present there.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The pear-shaped vacuum globe, I understand,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Is far too hot to fondle with the hand.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">While, as is patent to the meanest sight,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The carbon filament is very bright.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Doubts on the Municipal system, but—</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">As for the lights they hang about the town,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Some praise them highly, others run them down.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">This system (technically called the arc)</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Makes some passages too light, others too dark.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">None on the Domestic</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">But in the house the soft and constant rays</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Have always met with universal praise.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Its advantages</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">For instance: if you want to read in bed</div> - <div class="verse indent0">No candle burns beside your curtains’ head,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Far from some distant corner of the room</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The incandescent lamp dispels the gloom,</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Advantages of large Print</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">And with the largest print need hardly try</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The powers of any young and vigorous eye.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Fifth Invocation to the Muse</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Aroint thee, Muse! inspired the poet sings!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I cannot help observing future things!</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The only hope of Humanity is in Science</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Life is a vale, its paths are dark and rough</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Only because we do not know enough.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">When Science has discovered something more</div> - <div class="verse indent0">We shall be happier than we were before.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Peroration in the spirit of the rest of the -Poem</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Hail! Britain, mistress of the Azure Main,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Ten Thousand Fleets sweep over thee in vain!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Hail! mighty mother of the brave and free,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That beat Napoleon, and gave birth to me!</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</span> - <div class="verse indent0">Thou that canst wrap in thine emblazoned robe</div> - <div class="verse indent0">One quarter of the habitable globe.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Thy mountains, wafted by a favouring breeze,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Like mighty hills withstand the stormy seas.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Warning to Britain</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Thou art a Christian Commonwealth. And yet</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Be thou not all unthankful—nor forget</div> - <div class="verse indent0">As thou exultest in Imperial might</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The benefits of the Electric Light.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</span></p> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="III">III.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Some Remarks on Lambkin’s Prose -Style</p> - - -<p>No achievement of my dear friend’s produced -a greater effect than the English -Essay which he presented at his examination. -That so young a man, and a man -trained in such an environment as his, -should have written an essay at all was -sufficiently remarkable, but that his work -should have shown such mastery in the -handling, such delicate balance of idea, and -so much know-ledge (in the truest sense of -the word), coupled with such an astounding -insight into human character and contemporary -psychology, was enough to warrant -the remark of the then Warden of Burford: -“If these things” (said the aged but eminent -divine), “if these things” (it was said -in all reverence and with a full sense of the -responsibility of his position), “If these<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</span> -things are done in the green wood, what -will be done in the dry?”</p> - -<p>Truly it may be said that the Green -Wood of Lambkin’s early years as an Undergraduate -was worthily followed by the -Dry Wood of his later life as a fellow and -even tutor, nay, as a Bursar of his college.</p> - -<p>It is not my purpose to add much to the -reader’s own impressions of this <i>tour de -force</i>, or to insist too strongly upon the skill -and breadth of treatment which will at -once make their mark upon any intelligent -man, and even upon the great mass of -the public. But I may be forgiven if I give -some slight personal memories in interpretation -of a work which is necessarily presented -in the cold medium of type.</p> - -<p>Lambkin’s hand-writing was flowing and -determined, but was often difficult to read, -a quality which led in the later years -of his life to the famous retort made by the -Rural Dean of Henchthorp to the Chaplain -of Bower’s Hall.<a id="FNanchor_16" href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> His manuscript was, -like Lord Byron’s (and unlike the famous<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</span> -Codex V in the Vatican), remarkable for its -erasures, of which as many as three may be -seen in some places super-imposed, ladderwise, -<i>en échelle</i>, the one above the other, -perpendicularly to the line of writing.</p> - -<p>This excessive fastidiousness in the use -of words was the cause of his comparatively -small production of written work; and thus -the essay printed below was the labour of -nearly three hours. His ideas in this -matter were best represented by his little -epigram on the appearance of Liddell and -Scott’s larger Greek Lexicon. “Quality -not quantity” was the witty phrase which he -was heard to mutter when he received his -first copy of that work.</p> - -<p>The nervous strain of so much anxiety -about his literary work wearied both mind -and body, but he had his reward. The -scholarly aptitude of every particle in the -phrase, and the curious symmetry apparent -in the great whole of the essay are due to a -quality which he pushed indeed to excess, but -never beyond the boundary that separates -Right and Wrong; we admire in the product -what we might criticise in the method,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</span> -and when we judge as critics we are compelled -as Englishmen and connoisseurs to -congratulate and to applaud.</p> - -<p>He agreed with Aristotle in regarding -lucidity as the main virtue of style. And -if he sometimes failed to attain his ideal in -this matter, the obscurity was due to none -of those mannerisms which are so deplorable -in a Meredith or a Browning, but rather -to the fact that he found great difficulty in -ending a sentence as he had begun it. His -mind outran his pen; and the sentence -from his University sermon, “England -must do her duty, or what will the harvest -be?” stirring and patriotic as it is, certainly -suffers from some such fault, though I cannot -quite see where.</p> - -<p>The Oxymoron, the Aposiopesis, the -Nominativus Pendens, the Anacoluthon and -the Zeugma he looked upon with abhorrence -and even with dread. He was a friend to all -virile enthusiasm in writing but a foe to -rhetoric, which (he would say) “Is cloying -even in a demagogue, and actually nauseating -in the literary man.” He drew a distinction -between <i>eloquence</i> and rhetoric, often<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</span> -praising the one and denouncing the other -with the most abandoned fervour: indeed, it -was his favourite diversion in critical conversation -accurately to determine the meaning -of words. In early youth he would -often split an infinitive or end a sentence -with a preposition. But, ever humble and -ready to learn, he determined, after reading -Mrs. Griffin’s well-known essays in the -<i>Daily American</i>, to eschew such conduct for -the future; and it was a most touching sight -to watch him, even in extreme old age, his -reverend white locks sweeping the paper -before him and his weak eyes peering close -at the MSS. as he carefully went over his -phrases with a pen, scratching out and -amending, at the end of his day’s work, the -errors of this nature.</p> - -<p>He commonly used a gilt “J” nib, -mounted upon a holder of imitation ivory, -but he was not cramped by any petty limitations -in such details and would, if necessity -arose, make use of a quill, or even of a -fountain pen, insisting, however, if he was -to use the latter, that it should be of the best.</p> - -<p>The paper upon which he wrote the work<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</span> -that remains to us was the ordinary ruled -foolscap of commerce; but this again he regarded -as quite unimportant. It was the -matter of what he wrote that concerned -him, not (as is so often the case with lesser -men) the mere accidents of pen or paper.</p> - -<p>I remember little else of moment with regard -to his way of writing, but I make no -doubt that these details will not be without -their interest; for the personal habits of a -great man have a charm of their own. I -read once that the sum of fifty pounds was -paid for the pen of Charles Dickens. I wonder -what would be offered for a similar -sacred relic, of a man more obscure, but indirectly -of far greater influence; a relic -which I keep by me with the greatest reverence, -which I do not use myself, however -much at a loss I may be for pen or pencil, -and with which I never, upon any account, -allow the children to play.</p> - -<p>But I must draw to a close, or I should -merit the reproach of lapsing into a sentimental -peroration, and be told that I am -myself indulging in that rhetoric which -Lambkin so severely condemned.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="IV">IV.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Essay on “Success”</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">On “Success:” its causes and results</span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">Difficulty of -Subject</div> - -<p>In approaching a problem of -this nature, with all its anomalies -and analogues, we are at once struck by -the difficulty of conditioning any accurate -estimate of the factors of the solution of the -difficulty which is latent in the very terms -of the above question. We shall do well -perhaps, however, to clearly differentiate -from its fellows the proposition we have to -deal with, and similarly as an inception of -our analysis to permanently fix the definitions -and terms we shall be talking of, with, -and by.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">Definition of -Success</div> - -<p>Success may be defined as the -<i>Successful Consummation of an -Attempt</i> or more shortly as the <i>Realisation -of an imagined Good</i>, and as it implies -Desire or the Wish for a thing, and at the -same time action or the attempt to get at a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</span> -thing,<a id="FNanchor_17" href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> we might look at Success from yet -another point of view and say that <i>Success -is the realisation of Desire through -action</i>. Indeed this last definition seems -on the whole to be the best; but it is evident -that in this, as in all other matters, it -is impossible to arrive at perfection, and -our safest definition will be that which is -found to be on the whole most approximately -the average mean<a id="FNanchor_18" href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> of many hundreds -that might be virtually constructed -to more or less accurately express the idea -we have undertaken to do.</p> - -<p>So far then it is evident that while we -may have a fairly definite subjective visual -concept of what Success is, we shall never -be able to convey to others in so many -words exactly what our idea may be.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent12">“What am I?</div> - <div class="verse indent2"> - , - . - . - . - . - </div> - <div class="verse indent0">An infant crying for the light</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That has no language but a cry”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</span></p> -<div class="sidenote">Method of -dealing with -Problem</div> - -<p>It is, however, of more practical -importance nevertheless, to arrive -at some method or other by which -we can in the long run attack the very -serious problem presented to us. Our best -chance of arriving at any solution will lie -in attempting to give objective form to -what it is we have to do with. For this purpose -we will first of all divide all actions into -(א) Successful and (ב) Non-successful<a id="FNanchor_19" href="#Footnote_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> actions. -These two categories are at once mutually -exclusive and collectively universal. Nothing -of which Success can be truly predicated, -can at the same time be called with -any approach to accuracy Unsuccessful; -and similarly if an action finally result in -Non-success, it is quite evident that to -speak of its “Success” would be to trifle -with words and to throw dust into our own -eyes, which is a fatal error in any case. We -have then these two primary catēgories -what is true of one will, with certain reservations, -be untrue of the other, in most<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</span> -cases (we will come to that later) and <i>vice-versâ</i>.</p> - -<p> -(1) Success.<br /> -(2) Non-success. -</p> - -<div class="sidenote">First great -Difficulty</div> - -<p>But here we are met at the outset -of our examination by a difficulty -of enormous dimensions. There is -not one success; there are many. There -is the success of the Philosopher, of the -Scientist, of the Politician, of the Argument, -of the Commanding Officer, of the -Divine, of the mere unthinking Animal -appetite, and of others more numerous -still. It is evident that with such a -vast number of different subsidiary catēgories -within our main catēgory it would be -impossible to arrive at any absolute conclusions, -or to lay down any firm general -principle. For the moment we had erected -some such fundamental foundation the fair -structure would be blown to a thousand -atoms by the consideration of some fresh -form, aspect or realisation, of Success which -might have escaped our vision, so that -where should we be then? It is therefore<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</span> -most eminently a problem in which we -should beware of undue generalisations and -hasty dogmatism. We must abandon here as -everywhere the immoral and exploded cant -of mediæval deductive methods invented by -priests and mummers to enslave the human -mind, and confine ourselves to what we absolutely -<i>know</i>. Shall we towards the end of -this essay truly <i>know</i> anything with regard -to Success? Who can tell! But at least -let us not cheat ourselves with the axioms, -affirmations and dogmas which are, in a -certain sense, the ruin of so many; let us, -if I may use a metaphor, “abandon the <i>à -priori</i> for the <i>chiaro-oscuro</i>.”</p> - -<div class="sidenote">Second much -greater Difficulty</div> - -<p>But if the problem is complex -from the great variety of the -various kinds of Success, what -shall we say of the disturbance introduced -by a new aspect of the matter, which we -are now about to allude to! Aye! What -indeed! An aspect so widespread in its -consequences, so momentous and so fraught -with menace to all philosophy, so big with -portent, and of such threatening aspect to -humanity itself, that we hesitate even to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</span> -bring it forward!<a id="FNanchor_20" href="#Footnote_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> <i>Success is not always -Success: Non-success (or Failure) is an aspect -of Success, and vice-versâ.</i> This apparent -paradox will be seen to be true on a little -consideration. For “Success” in any one -case involves the “Failure” or “Non-success” -of its opposite or correlative. -Thus, if we bet ten pounds with one of our -friends our “Success” would be his “Non-success,” -and <i>vice-versâ</i>, collaterally. Again, -if we desire to fail in a matter (<i>e.g.</i>, any -man would hope to fail in being hanged<a id="FNanchor_21" href="#Footnote_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>), -then to succeed is to fail, and to fail -is to succeed, and our successful failure -would fail were we to happen upon a disastrous -success! And note that the <i>very -same act</i>, not this, that, or another, but -<span class="allsmcap">THE VERY SAME</span>, is (according to the -way we look at it) a “successful” or an -“unsuccessful” act. Success therefore not -only <i>may</i> be, but <i>must</i> be Failure, and the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</span> -two catēgories upon which we had built -such high hopes have disappeared for ever!</p> - -<div class="sidenote">Solemn considerations -consequent -upon this</div> - -<p>Terrible thought! A thing -can be at once itself and not itself—nay -its own opposite! The -mind reels, and the frail human vision -peering over the immense gulf of metaphysical -infinity is lost in a cry for mercy -and trembles on the threshold of the unseen! -What visions of horror and madness may -not be reserved for the too daring soul which -has presumed to knock at the Doors of -Silence! Let us learn from the incomprehensible -how small and weak a thing is man! -</p> - -<div class="sidenote">A more cheerful -view</div> -<p> -But it would ill-befit the philosopher -to abandon his effort because -of a kind of a check or two at the start. -The great hand of Time shouts ever “onward”; -and even if we cannot discover the -Absolute in the limits of this essay, we may -rise from the ashes of our tears to better -and happier things.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">The beginning -of a Solution</div> - -<p>A light seems to dawn on us. -We shall not arrive at the full -day but we shall see “in a glass darkly” -what, in the final end of our development,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</span> -may perhaps be more clearly revealed to us. -It is evident that we have been dealing -with a relative. <i>How</i> things so apparently -absolute as hanging or betting can be in -any true sense relative we cannot tell, because -we cannot conceive the majestic whole -of which Success and Failure, plus and -minus, up and down, yes and no, truth and -lies, are but as the glittering facets of a -diamond borne upon the finger of some -titled and wealthy person.</p> - -<p>Our error came from foolish self-sufficiency -and pride. We thought (forsooth) -that our mere human conceptions of contradiction -were real. It has been granted -to us (though we are but human still), to -discover our error—there is no hot or cold, -no light or dark, and no good or evil, all -are, in a certain sense, and with certain -limitations (if I may so express myself) the -Aspects⸺</p> - -<p><i>At this point the bell rang and the papers -had to be delivered up. Lambkin could not -let his work go, however, without adding a -few words to show what he might have done -had time allowed. He wrote:—</i></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</span></p> - -<p>“No Time. Had intended examples—Success, -Academic, Acrobatic, Agricultural, -Aristocratic, Bacillic ... Yaroslavic, -Zenobidic, etc. Historical cases examined, -Biggar’s view, H. Unity, Univ. Consciousness, -Amphodunissa,<a id="FNanchor_22" href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> Setxm <img src="images/i36.png" alt="Illustration" style="height: .5em" />.”</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="V">V.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin on Sleep</p> - - -<p>[<i>This little gem was written for the great -Monograph on “Being,” which Lambkin never -lived to complete. It was included, however, -in his little volume of essays entitled “Rictus -Almae Matris.” The careful footnotes, the -fund of information, and the scholarly accuracy -of the whole sketch are an example—(alas! the -only one)—of what his full work would have -been had he brought it to a conclusion. It is an -admirable example of his manner in maturer -years.</i>]</p> - -<p>In sleep our faculties lie dormant.<a id="FNanchor_23" href="#Footnote_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> We -perceive nothing or almost nothing of our -surroundings; and the deeper our slumber -the more absolute is the barrier between -ourselves and the outer world. The causes -of this “Cessation of Consciousness” (as it -has been admirably called by Professor<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</span> -M‘Obvy)<a id="FNanchor_24" href="#Footnote_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> lie hidden from our most profound -physiologists. It was once my -privilege to meet the master of physical -science who has rendered famous the University -of Kreigenswald,<a id="FNanchor_25" href="#Footnote_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> and I asked him -what in his opinion was the cause of sleep. -He answered, with that reverence which is -the glory of the Teutonic mind, “It is in -the dear secret of the All-wise Nature-mother -preserved.” I have never forgotten -those wise and weighty words.<a id="FNanchor_26" href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a></p> - -<p>Perhaps the nearest guess as to the nature -of Sleep is to be discovered in the lectures -of a brilliant but sometimes over-daring -young scholar whom we all applaud in the -chair of Psychology. “Sleep” (he says) -“is the direct product of Brain Somnolence, -which in its turn is the result of the need -for Repose that every organism must experience -after any specialised exertion.” I<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</span> -was present when this sentence was delivered, -and I am not ashamed to add that -I was one of those who heartily cheered the -young speaker.<a id="FNanchor_27" href="#Footnote_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></p> - -<p>We may assert, then, that Science has -nearly conquered this last stronghold of -ignorance and superstition.<a id="FNanchor_28" href="#Footnote_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></p> - -<p>As to the Muses, we know well that Sleep -has been their favourite theme for ages. -With the exception of Catullus (whose -verses have been greatly over-rated, and -who is always talking of people lying -awake at night), all the ancients have -mentioned and praised this innocent pastime. -Everyone who has done Greats -will remember the beautiful passage in -Lucretius,<a id="FNanchor_29" href="#Footnote_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> but perhaps that in Sidonius -Apollinaris, the highly polished Bishop of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</span> -Gaul, is less well known.<a id="FNanchor_30" href="#Footnote_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> To turn to our -own literature, the sonnet beginning “To -die, to sleep,” etc.,<a id="FNanchor_31" href="#Footnote_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> must be noted, and -above all, the glorious lines in which -Wordsworth reaches his noblest level, beginning—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“It is a pleasant thing to go to sleep!”</p> -</div> - -<p>lines which, for my part, I can never read -without catching some of their magical -drowsy influence.<a id="FNanchor_32" href="#Footnote_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a></p> - -<p>All great men have slept. George III. -frequently slept,<a id="FNanchor_33" href="#Footnote_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> and that great and good -man Wycliffe was in the habit of reading -his Scriptural translations and his own -sermons nightly to produce the desired -effect.<a id="FNanchor_34" href="#Footnote_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> The Duke of Wellington (whom<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</span> -my father used to call “The Iron Duke”) -slept on a little bedstead no larger than a -common man’s.</p> - -<p>As for the various positions in which one -may sleep, I treat of them in my little book -of Latin Prose for Schools, which is coming -out next year.<a id="FNanchor_35" href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a></p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VI">VI.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Advice to Freshmen</p> - - -<p>Mr. Lambkin possessed among other -great and gracious qualities the habit of -writing to his nephew, Thomas Ezekiel -Lambkin,<a id="FNanchor_36" href="#Footnote_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> who entered the college as an -undergraduate when his uncle was some -four years a Fellow. Of many such communications -he valued especially this which -I print below, on account of the curious and -pathetic circumstances which surrounded it. -Some months after Thomas had been given -his two groups and had left the University, -Mr. Lambkin was looking over some books -in a second-hand book shop—not with the -intention of purchasing so much as to improve -the mind. It was a favourite habit of -his, and as he was deeply engaged in a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</span> -powerful romance written under the pseudonym -of “Marie Corelli”<a id="FNanchor_37" href="#Footnote_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> there dropped -from its pages the letter which he had sent -so many years before. It lay in its original -envelope unopened, and on turning to the -flyleaf he saw the name of his nephew -written. It had once been his! The boy -had so treasured the little missive as to -place it in his favourite book!</p> - -<p>Lambkin was so justly touched by the -incident as to purchase the volume, asking -that the price might be entered to his account, -which was not then of any long standing. -The letter he docketed “to be published -after my death.” And I obey the -wishes of my revered friend:</p> - -<p class="i1"> -“<span class="smcap">My Dear Thomas</span>,<br /> -</p> - -<p><span class="i2">“Here you are at last in Oxford, and -at Burford, ‘a Burford Man.’ How proud -your mother must be and even your father, -whom I well remember saying that ‘if he -were not an accountant, he would rather be<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</span> -a Fellow of Burford than anything else on -earth.’ But it was not to be.</span></p> - -<p>“The life you are entering is very different -from that which you have left behind. When -you were at school you were under a strict -discipline, you were compelled to study the -classics and to play at various games. -Cleanliness and truthfulness were enforced -by punishment, while the most instinctive -habits of decency and good manners could -only be acquired at the expense of continual -application. In a word, ‘you were a child -and thought as a child.’</p> - -<p>“Now all that is changed, you are free -(within limits) to follow your own devices, -to make or mar yourself. But if you use -Oxford aright she will make you as she -has made so many of your kind—a perfect -gentleman.</p> - -<p>“But enough of these generalities. It is -time to turn to one or two definite bits of -advice which I hope you will receive in the -right spirit. My dear boy, I want you to -lay your hand in mine while I speak to you, -not as an uncle, but rather as an elder -brother. Promise me three things. First<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</span> -never to gamble in any form; secondly, -never to drink a single glass of wine after -dinner; thirdly, never to purchase anything -without paying for it in cash. If you will -make such strict rules for yourself and keep -them religiously you will find after years of -constant effort a certain result developing -(as it were), you will discover with delight -that your character is formed; that you have -neither won nor lost money at hazards, that -you have never got drunk of an evening, -and that you have no debts. Of the first -two I can only say that they are questions -of morality on which we all may, and all <i>do</i>, -differ. But the third is of a vital and practical -importance. Occasional drunkenness -is a matter for private judgment, its rightness -or wrongness depends upon our ethical -system; but debt is fatal to any hope of -public success.</p> - -<p>“I hesitate a little to mention one further -point; but—may I say it?—will you do -your best to avoid drinking neat spirits in -the early morning—especially Brandy? Of -course a Governor and Tutor, whatever his -abilities, gets removed in his sympathies<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</span> -from the younger men.<a id="FNanchor_38" href="#Footnote_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> The habit may -have died out, and if so I will say no more, -but in my time it was the ruin of many a -fair young life.</p> - -<p>“Now as to your day and its order. -First, rise briskly when you are called, and -into your cold bath, you young dog!<a id="FNanchor_39" href="#Footnote_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a> No -shilly-shally; into it. Don’t splash the -water about in a miserable attempt to deceive -your scout, but take an Honest British -Cold Bath like a man. Soap should never -be used save on the hands and neck. As to -hot baths, never ask for them in College, it -would give great trouble, and it is much -better to take one in the Town for a shilling; -nothing is more refreshing than a good hot -bath in the Winter Term.</p> - -<p>“Next you go out and ‘keep’ a Mosque, -Synagogue, or Meeting of the Brethren, -though if you can agree with the system it -is far better to go to your College Chapel; -it puts a man right with his superiors and -you obey the Apostolic injunction.<a id="FNanchor_40" href="#Footnote_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</span></p> - -<p>“Then comes your breakfast. Eat as -much as you can; it is the foundation of a -good day’s work in the Vineyard. But -what is this?—a note from your Tutor. -Off you go at the appointed time, and as -you may be somewhat nervous and diffident -I will give you a little Paradigm,<a id="FNanchor_41" href="#Footnote_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> as it -were, of a Freshman meeting his Tutor for -the first time.</p> - -<p>“[<i>The Student enters, and as he is half -way through the door says:—</i>]</p> - -<p>“<i>St.</i>—Good morning! Have you noticed -what the papers say about—[<i>Here mention -some prominent subject of the day.</i>]</p> - -<p>“[<i>The Tutor does not answer but goes on -writing in a little book; at last he looks up -and says:—</i>]</p> - -<p>“<i>Tut.</i>—Pray, what is your name?</p> - -<p>“<i>St.</i>—M. or N.</p> - -<p>“<i>Tut.</i>—What have you read before coming -up, Mr. ⸺?</p> - -<p>“<i>St.</i>—The existing Latin authors from -Ennius to Sidonius Apollinaris, with their -fragments. The Greek from Sappho to -Origen including Bacchylides.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</span></p> - -<p>[<i>The Tutor makes a note of this and resumes....</i>]</p> - -<p>“<i>Tut.</i>—Have you read the Gospels?</p> - -<p>“<i>St.</i>—No, Sir.</p> - -<p>“<i>Tut.</i>—You must read two of them as soon -as possible in the Greek, as it is necessary to -the passing of Divinity, unless indeed you -prefer the beautiful work of Plato. Come -at ten to-morrow. Good morning.</p> - -<p>“<i>St.</i>—I am not accustomed to being -spoken to in that fashion.</p> - -<p>[<i>The Tutor will turn to some other Student, -and the first Student will leave the room.</i>]</p> - -<p>“I have little more to say. You will soon -learn the customs of the place, and no words -of mine can efficiently warn you as experience -will. Put on a black coat before Hall, -and prepare for that meal with neatness, but -with no extravagant display. Do not wear -your cap and gown in the afternoon, do not -show an exaggerated respect to the younger -fellows (except the Chaplain), on the one -hand, nor a silly contempt for the older Dons -upon the other. The first line of conduct is -that of a timid and uncertain mind; it is of -no profit for future advancement, and draws<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</span> -down upon one the contempt of all. The -second is calculated to annoy as fine a body -of men as any in England, and seriously to -affect your reputation in Society.</p> - -<p>“You will find in every college some club -which contains the wealthier undergraduates -and those of prominent position. Join it if -possible at once before you are known. At -its weekly meetings speak soberly, but not -pompously. Enliven your remarks with -occasional flashes of humour, but do not -trench upon the ribald nor pass the boundary -of right-reason. Such excesses may -provoke a momentary laugh, but they ultimately -destroy all respect for one’s character. -Remember Lot’s wife!</p> - -<p>“You will row, of course, and as you -rush down to the river after a hurried lunch -and dash up to do a short bit of reading before -Hall, your face will glow with satisfaction -at the thought that every day of your -life will be so occupied for four years.</p> - -<p>“Of the grosser and lower evils I need -not warn you: you will not give money to -beggars in the street, nor lend it to your -friends. You will not continually expose<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</span> -your private thoughts, nor open your heart -to every comer in the vulgar enthusiasm of -some whom you may meet. No, my dear -Ezekiel, it would be unworthy of your name, -and I know you too well, to fear such things -of you. You are a Gentleman, and that you -may, like a gentleman, be always at your ease, -courteous on occasion, but familiar never, is -the earnest prayer of—</p> - -<p class="sig"> -“<span class="smcap">Josiah Lambkin.</span>”<br /> -</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VII">VII.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Lecture on “Right”</p> - - -<p>Of the effects of Mr. Lambkin’s lectures, -the greatest and (I venture to think) the -most permanent are those that followed -from his course on <i>Ethics</i>. The late Dean -of Heaving-on-the-Marsh (the Honourable -Albert Nathan-Merivale, the first name -adopted from his property in Rutland) told -me upon one occasion that he owed the -direction of his mind to those lectures (under -Providence) more than to any other -lectures he could remember.</p> - -<p>Very much the same idea was conveyed -to me, more or less, by the Bishop of Humbury, -who turned to me in hall, only a year -ago, with a peculiar look in his eyes, and -(as I had mentioned Lambkin’s name) said -suddenly, like a man who struggles with an -emotion:<a id="FNanchor_42" href="#Footnote_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> “Lambkin(!)<a id="FNanchor_43" href="#Footnote_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> ... did not<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</span> -he give lectures in your hall ... on -Ethics?” “Some,” I replied, “were given -in the Hall, others in Lecture Room No. 2 -over the glory-hole.” His lordship said -nothing, but there was a world of thought -and reminiscence in his eyes. May we not—knowing -his lordship’s difficulties in -matters of belief, and his final victory—ascribe -something of this progressive and -salutary influence to my dear friend?</p> - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">On “Right”</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="center">[<i>Being Lecture V. in a course of Eight, delivered, in the -Autumn Term of 1878.</i>]</p> -</div> - -<p>We have now proceeded for a considerable -distance in our journey towards the -Solution. Of eight lectures, of which I had -proposed to make so many milestones on -the road, the fifth is reached, and now we -are in measurable distance of the Great -Answer; the Understanding of the Relations -of the Particular to the Universal.</p> - -<p>It is an easy, though a profitable task to -wander in what the late Sir Reginald -Hawke once called in a fine phrase “the -flowery meads and bosky dells of Positive<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</span> -Knowledge.” It is in the essence of any -modern method of inquiry that we should -be first sure of our facts, and it is on this -account that all philosophical research -worthy of the name must begin with the -physical sciences. For the last few weeks -I have illustrated my lectures with chemical -experiments and occasionally with large -coloured diagrams, which, especially to -young people like yourselves have done not -a little to enliven what might at first appear -a very dull subject. It is therefore with -happy, hopeful hearts, with sparkling eyes -and eager appetite that we leave the physical -entry-hall of knowledge to approach the -delicious feast of metaphysics.</p> - -<p>But here a difficulty confronts us. So far -we have followed an historical development. -We have studied the actions of savages and -the gestures of young children; we have -enquired concerning the habits of sleepwalkers, -and have drawn our conclusions -from the attitudes adopted in special manias. -So far, then, we have been on safe ground. -We have proceeded from the known to the unknown, -and we have correlated Psychology,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</span> -Sociology, Anatomy, Morphology, Physiology, -Geography, and Theology (<i>here Mr. -Darkin of Vast, who had been ailing a long -time, was carried out in a faint; Mr. Lambkin, -being short-sighted, did not fully seize -what had happened, and thinking that certain -of his audience were leaving the Hall without -permission, he became as nearly angry as -was possible to such a man. He made a short -speech on the decay of manners, and fell into -several bitter epigrams. It is only just to say -that, on learning the occasion of the interruption, -he regretted the expression “strong meat -for babes” which had escaped him at the -time.</i>)</p> - -<p>So far so good. But there is something -more. No one can proceed indefinitely in -the study of Ethics without coming, sooner -or later, upon the Conventional conception -of <i>Right</i>. I do not mean that this conception -has any philosophic value. I should -be the last to lay down for it those futile, -empirical and dogmatic foundations which -may satisfy narrow, deductive minds. But -there it is, and as practical men with it we -must deal. What is <i>Right</i>? Whence proceeds<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</span> -this curious conglomeration of idealism, -mysticism, empiricism, and fanaticism -to which the name has been given?</p> - -<p>It is impossible to say. It is the duty of -the lecturer to set forth the scheme of truth: -to make (as it were) a map or plan of Epistemology. -He is not concerned to demonstrate -a point; he is not bound to -dispute the attitude of opponents. Let -them fall of their own weight (<i>Ruant mole -suâ</i>). It is mine to show that things <i>may</i> -be thus or thus, and I will most steadily refuse -to be drawn into sterile argument and -profitless discussion with mere affirmations.</p> - -<p>“The involute of progression is the -subconscious evolution of the particular -function.” No close reasoner will deny -this. It is the final summing up of all that -is meant by Development. It is the root -formula of the nineteenth century that is -now, alas! drawing to a close under our very -eyes. Now to such a fundamental proposition -I add a second. “The sentiment of -right is the inversion of the subconscious -function in its relation to the indeterminate -ego.” This also I take to be admitted by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</span> -all European philosophers in Germany. -Now I will not go so far as to say that -a major premiss when it is absolutely -sound, followed by a minor equally sound, -leads to a sure conclusion. God fulfils -himself in many ways, and there are more -things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than -are dreamt of in your philosophy. But -I take this tentatively: that if these two -propositions are true (and we have the -word of Herr Waldteufel,<a id="FNanchor_44" href="#Footnote_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> who lives in the -Woodstock Road, that it is true) then it -follows conclusively that no certainty can -be arrived at in these matters. I would -especially recommend you on this point -(<i>here Mr. Lambkin changed his lecturing -voice for a species of conversational, interested -and familiar tone</i>) to read the essay by the -late Dr. Barton in <i>Shots at the Probable</i>: -you will also find the third chapter of Mr. -Mendellsohn’s <i>History of the Soul</i> very -useful. Remember also, by the way, to -consult the footnote on p. 343, of Renan’s -<i>Anti-Christ</i>. The Master of St. Dives’<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</span> -<i>Little Journeys in the Obvious</i> is light and -amusing, but instructive in its way.</p> - -<p>There is a kind of attitude (<i>this was -Lambkin’s peroration, and he was justly proud -of it</i>) which destroys nothing but creates -much: which transforms without metamorphosis, -and which says “look at this, I -have found truth!” but which dares not -say “look away from that—it is untrue.”</p> - -<p>Such is our aim. Let us make without -unmaking and in this difficult question of -the origin of <i>Right</i>, the grand old Anglo-Saxon -sense of “Ought,” let us humbly -adopt as logicians, but grimly pursue as -practical men some such maxim as what -follows:</p> - -<p>“Right came from nothing, it means -nothing, it leads to nothing; with it we -are nothing, but without it we are worse -than nothing.”<a id="FNanchor_45" href="#Footnote_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a></p> - -<p>Next Thursday I shall deal with morality -in international relations.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VIII">VIII.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Special Correspondence</p> - - -<p>Lambkin was almost the first of that -great band of Oxford Fellows who go as -special correspondents for Newspapers to -places of difficulty and even of danger. On -the advantages of this system he would -often dilate, and he was glad to see, as he -grew to be an older, a wealthier, and a -wiser man, that others were treading in his -footsteps. “The younger men,” he would -say, “have noticed what perhaps I was the -first to see, that the Press is a Power, and -that men who are paid to educate should -not be ashamed to be paid for any form of -education.” He was, however, astonished -to see how rapidly the letters of a correspondent -could now be issued as a book, and -on finding that such publications were arranged -for separately with the publishers,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</span> -and were not the property of the Newspapers, -he expressed himself with a just -warmth in condemnation of such a trick.</p> - -<p>“Sir” (said he to the Chaplain), “in -my young days we should have scorned to -have faked up work, well done for a particular -object, in a new suit for the sake -of wealth”; and I owe it to Lambkin’s -memory to say that he did not make a -penny by his “Diary on the Deep,”<a id="FNanchor_46" href="#Footnote_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> in -which he collected towards the end of his -life his various letters written to the Newspapers, -and mostly composed at sea.</p> - -<p>The occasion which produced the following -letter was the abominable suppression -by Italian troops of the Catholic Riots at -Rome in 1873. Englishmen of all parties -had been stirred to a great indignation at -the news of the atrocities. “As a nation” -(to quote my dear friend) “we are slow to -anger, but our anger is terrible.” And such -was indeed the case.</p> - -<p>A great meeting was held at Hampstead,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</span> -in which Mr. Ram made his famous speech. -“This is not a question of religion or of -nationality but of manhood (he had said), -and if we do not give our sympathy freely, if -we do not send out correspondents to inform -us of the truth, if we do not meet in public -and protest, if we do not write and speak -and read till our strength be exhausted, then -is England no longer the England of Cromwell -and of Peel.”</p> - -<p>Such public emotion could not fail to -reach Lambkin. I remember his coming to -me one night into my rooms and saying -“George (for my name is George), I had to-day -a letter from Mr. Solomon’s paper—<i>The -Sunday Englishman</i>. They want me -to go and report on this infamous matter, -and I will go. Do not attempt to dissuade -me. I shall return—if God spares my life—before -the end of the vacation. The offer -is most advantageous in every way: I mean -to England, to the cause of justice, and to -that freedom of thought without which there -is no true religion. For, understand me, -that though these poor wretches are Roman -Catholics, I hold that every man should<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</span> -have justice, and my blood boils within -me.”</p> - -<p>He left me with a parting grip of the -hand, promising to bring me back photographs -from the Museum at Naples.</p> - -<p>If the letter that follows appears to be -lacking in any full account of the Italian -army and its infamies, if it is observed to -be meagre and jejune on the whole subject -of the Riots, that is to be explained by the -simple facts that follow.</p> - -<p>When Lambkin sailed, the British Fleet -had already occupied a deep and commodious -harbour on the coast of Apulia, and -public irritation was at its height; but by -the time he landed the Quirinal had been -forced to an apology, the Vatican had received -monetary compensation, and the -Piedmontese troops had been compelled to -evacuate Rome.</p> - -<p>He therefore found upon landing at Leghorn<a id="FNanchor_47" href="#Footnote_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> -a telegram from the newspaper, saying -that his services were not required, but -that the monetary engagements entered into<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</span> -by the proprietors would be strictly adhered -to.</p> - -<p>Partly pleased, partly disappointed, -Lambkin returned to Oxford, taking -sketches on the way from various artists -whom he found willing to sell their productions. -These he later hung round his -room, not on nails (which as he very properly -said, defaced the wall), but from a -rail;—their colours are bright and pleasing. -He also brought me the photographs I -asked him for, and they now hang in my -bedroom.</p> - -<p>This summary must account for the -paucity of the notes that follow, and the -fact that they were never published.</p> - -<p>[There was some little doubt as to whether -certain strictures on the First Mate in Mr. -Lambkin’s letters did not affect one of our -best families. Until I could make certain -whether the Estate should be credited -with a receipt on this account or debited -with a loss I hesitated to publish. Mr. -Lambkin left no heirs, but he would have -been the first to regret (were he alive) any -diminution of his small fortune.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</span></p> - -<p>I am glad to say that it has been satisfactorily -settled, and that while all parties -have gained none have lost by the settlement.]</p> - - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p> -<span class="smcap i1">The Letters</span><br /> -<span class="i2"><i>s.s. Borgia, Gravesend,</i></span><br /> -<span class="i3"><i>Sunday, Sept. 27th, 1873</i></span><br /> -</p> - -<p>Whatever scruples I might have had in -sending off my first letter before I had left -the Thames, and upon such a day, are -dissipated by the emotions to which the -scenes I have just passed through give -rise.<a id="FNanchor_48" href="#Footnote_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a></p> - -<p>What can be more marvellous than this -historic river! All is dark, save where the -electric light on shore, the river-boats’ -lanterns on the water, the gas-lamps and -the great glare of the town<a id="FNanchor_49" href="#Footnote_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> dispel the -gloom. And over the river itself, the old<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</span> -Tamesis, a profound silence reigns, broken -only by the whistling of the tugs, the hoarse -cries of the bargemen and the merry banjo-party -under the awning of our ship. All is -still, noiseless and soundless: a profound -silence broods over the mighty waters. It -is night.</p> - -<p>It is night and silent! Silence and -night! The two primeval things! I -wonder whether it has ever occurred to the -readers of the <i>Sunday Englishman</i> to travel -over the great waters, or to observe in their -quiet homes the marvellous silence of the -night? Would they know of what my -thoughts were full? They were full of -those poor Romans, insulted, questioned -and disturbed by a brutal soldiery, and I -thought of this: that we who go out on a -peculiarly pacific mission, who have only to -write while others wield the sword, we also -do our part. Pray heaven the time may -soon come when an English Protectorate -shall be declared over Rome and the hateful -rule of the Lombard foreigners shall cease.<a id="FNanchor_50" href="#Footnote_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</span></p> - -<p>There is for anyone of the old viking -blood a kind of fascination in the sea. The -screw is modern, but its vibration is the -very movement of the wild white oars that -brought the Northmen<a id="FNanchor_51" href="#Footnote_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> to the field of -Senlac.<a id="FNanchor_52" href="#Footnote_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> Now I know how we have dared -and done all. I could conquer Sicily -to-night.</p> - -<p>As I paced the deck, an officer passed and -slapped me heartily on the shoulder. It -was the First Mate. A rough diamond but -a diamond none the less. He asked me -where I was bound to. I said Leghorn. -He then asked me if I had all I needed for -the voyage. It seems that I had strayed on -to the part of the deck reserved for the -second-class passengers. I informed him -of his error. He laughed heartily and said -we shouldn’t quarrel about that. I said his -ship seemed to be a Saucy Lass. He answered -“That’s all right,” asked me if I -played “Turn-up Jack,” and left me. It is -upon men like this that the greatness of -England is founded.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</span></p> - -<p>Well, I will “turn in” and “go below” -for my watch; “you gentlemen of England” -who read the <i>Sunday Englishman</i>, you little -know what life is like on the high seas; -but we are one, I think, when it comes to the -love of blue water.</p> - -<p> -<i>Posted at Dover, Monday, Sept. 28, 1873.</i><br /> -</p> - -<p>We have dropped the pilot. I have nothing -in particular to write. There is a kind -of monotony about a sea voyage which is -very depressing to the spirits. The sea was -smooth last night, and yet I awoke this -morning with a feeling of un-quiet to which -I have long been a stranger, and which -should not be present in a healthy man. I -fancy the very slight oscillation of the boat -has something to do with it, though the lady -sitting next to me tells me that one only -feels it in steamboats. She said her dear -husband had told her it was “the smell of -the oil”—I hinted that at breakfast one can -talk of other things.</p> - -<p>The First Mate sits at the head of our -table. I do not know how it is, but there -is a lack of <i>social reaction</i> on board a ship. -A man is a seaman or a passenger, and there<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</span> -is an end of it. One has no fixed rank, and -the wholesome discipline of social pressure -seems entirely lost. Thus this morning -the First Mate called me “The Parson,” -and I had no way to resent his familiarity. -But he meant no harm; he is a sterling -fellow.</p> - -<p>After breakfast my mind kept running to -this question of the Roman Persecution, -and (I know not how) certain phrases kept -repeating themselves literally “<i>ad nauseam</i>” -in my imagination. They kept pace with -the throb of the steamer, an altogether new -sensation, and my mind seemed (as my old -tutor, Mr. Blurt, would put it) to “work in -a circle.” The pilot will take this. He -is coming over the side. He is not in the -least like a sailor, but small and white. He -wears a bowler hat, and looks more like a -city clerk than anything else. When I -asked the First Mate why this was, he answered -“It’s the Brains that tell.” A very -remarkable statement, and one full of menace -and warning for our mercantile marine.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="i3"> -<i>Thursday, Oct. 1, 1873.</i><br /> -</p> - -<p>I cannot properly describe the freshness -and beauty of the sea after a gale. I have -not the style of the great masters of English -prose, and I lack the faculty of expression -which so often accompanies the poetic soul.</p> - -<p>The white curling tips (white horses) -come at one if one looks to windward, or if -one looks to leeward seem to flee. There is -a kind of balminess in the air born of the -warm south; and there is jollity in the -whole ship’s company, as Mrs. Burton -and her daughters remarked to me this -morning. I feel capable of anything. When -the First Mate came up to me this morning -and tried to bait me with his vulgar chaff I -answered roundly, “Now, sir, listen to me. -I am not seasick, I am not a landlubber, I -am on my sea legs again, and I would have -you know that I have not a little power to -make those who attack me feel the weight -of my arm.”</p> - -<p>He turned from me thoroughly ashamed, -and told a man to swab the decks. The -passengers appeared absorbed in their<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</span> -various occupations, but I felt I had -“scored a point” and I retired to my cabin.</p> - -<p>My steward told me of a group of rocks -off the Spanish coast which we are approaching. -He said they were called “The -Graveyard.” If a man can turn his mind -to the Universal Consciousness and to a -Final Purpose all foolish fears will fall into -a secondary plane. I will not do myself -the injustice of saying that I was affected -by the accident, but a lady or child might -have been, and surely the ship’s servants -should be warned not to talk nonsense to -passengers who need all their strength for -the sea.</p> - -<p class="i3"> -<i>Friday, Oct. 2, 1873.</i><br /> -</p> - -<p>To-day I met the Captain. I went up on -the bridge to speak to him. I find his -name is Arnssen. He has risen from the -ranks, his father having been a large haberdasher -in Copenhagen and a town councillor. -I wish I could say the same of the First -Mate, who is the scapegrace son of a great -English family, though he seems to feel no -shame. Arnssen and I would soon become -fast friends were it not that his time is<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</span> -occupied in managing the ship. He is just -such an one as makes the strength of our -British Mercantile marine. He will often -come and walk with me on the deck, on -which occasions I give him a cigar, or even -sometimes ask him to drink wine with me. -He tells me it is against the rules for the -Captain to offer similar courtesies to his -guests, but that if ever I am in Ernskjöldj, -near Copenhagen, and if he is not absent on -one of his many voyages, he will gratefully -remember and repay my kindness.</p> - -<p>I said to the Captain to-day, putting my -hand upon his shoulder, “Sir, may one -speak from one’s heart?” “Yes,” said he, -“certainly, and God bless you for your kind -thought.” “Sir,” said I, “you are a strong, -silent, God-fearing man and my heart goes -out to you—no more.” He was silent, and -went up on the bridge, but when I attempted -to follow him, he assured me it was -not allowed.</p> - -<p>Later in the day I asked him what he -thought of the Roman trouble. He answered, -“Oh! knock their heads together -and have done with it.” It was a bluff<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</span> -seaman’s answer, but is it not what England -would have said in her greatest days? Is -it not the very feeling of a Chatham?</p> - -<p>I no longer speak to the First Mate. -But in a few days I shall be able to dismiss -the fellow entirely from my memory, so I -will not dwell on his insolence.</p> - -<p class="i3"> -<i>Leghorn, Oct. 5, 1873.</i><br /> -</p> - -<p>Here is the end of it. I have nothing -more to say. I find that the public has no -need of my services, and that England has -suffered a disastrous rebuff. The fleet has -retreated from Apulia. England—let posterity -note this—has not an inch of ground -in all the Italian Peninsula. Well, we are -worsted, and we must bide our time; but -this I will say: if that insolent young fool -the First Mate thinks that his family shall -protect him he is mistaken. The press is a -great power and never greater than where -(as in England) a professor of a university -or the upper classes write for the papers, -and where a rule of anonymity gives talent -and position its full weight.<a id="FNanchor_53" href="#Footnote_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a></p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="IX">IX.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Address to the League of -Progress</p> - - -<p>Everybody will remember the famous -meeting of the Higher Spinsters in 1868; -a body hitherto purely voluntary in its -organisation, it had undertaken to add -to the houses of the poor and wretched -the element which reigns in the residential -suburbs of our great towns. If Whitechapel -is more degraded now than it was -thirty years ago we must not altogether disregard -the earlier efforts of the Higher -Spinsters, they laboured well each in her -own sphere and in death they were not -divided.</p> - -<p>The moment however which gave their -embryonic conceptions an organic form did -not sound till this year of 1868. It was in -the Conference held at Burford during that<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</span> -summer that, to quote their eloquent circular, -“the ideas were mooted and the feeling -was voiced which made us what we are.” -In other words the Higher Spinsters were -merged in the new and greater society of -the League of Progress. How much the -League of Progress has done, its final recognition -by the County Council, the sums -paid to its organisers and servants I need -not here describe; suffice it to say that, like -all our great movements, it was a spontaneous -effort of the upper middle class, that it -concerned itself chiefly with the artisans, -whom it desired to raise to its own level, -and that it has so far succeeded as to now -possess forty-three Cloisters in our great -towns, each with its Grand Master, Chatelaine, -Corporation of the Burghers of Progress -and Lay Brothers, the whole supported -upon salaries suitable to their social -rank and proceeding entirely from voluntary -contributions with the exception of -that part of the revenue which is drawn -from public funds.</p> - -<p>The subject of the Conference, out of -which so much was destined to grow, was<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</span> -“The Tertiary Symptoms of Secondary -Education among the Poor.”</p> - -<p>Views upon this matter were heard from -every possible standpoint; men of varying -religious persuasions from the Scientific -Agnostic to the distant Parsee lent breadth -and elasticity to the fascinating subject. -Its chemical aspect was admirably described -(with experiments) by Sir Julius Wobble, -the Astronomer Royal, and its theological -results by the Reader in Burmesan.</p> - -<p>Lambkin was best known for the simple -eloquence in which he could clothe the -most difficult and confused conceptions. It -was on this account that he was asked to -give the Closing Address with which the -Proceedings terminated.</p> - -<p>Before reciting it I must detain the reader -with one fine anecdote concerning this occasion, -a passage worthy of the event and -of the man. Lambkin (as I need hardly -say) was full of his subject, enthusiastic and -absorbed. No thought of gain entered his -head, nor was he the kind of man to have -applied for payment unless he believed -money to be owing to him. Nevertheless<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</span> -it would have been impossible to leave unremunerated -such work as that which follows. -It was decided by the authorities to -pay him a sum drawn from the fees which -the visitors had paid to visit the College -Fish-Ponds, whose mediæval use in monkish -times was explained in a popular style -by one who shall be nameless, but who -gave his services gratuitously.</p> - -<p>After their departure Mr. Large entered -Lambkin’s room with an envelope, wishing -to add a personal courtesy to a pleasant -duty, and said:</p> - -<p>“I have great pleasure, my dear Lambkin, -in presenting you with this Bank Note -as a small acknowledgment of your services -at the Conference.”</p> - -<p>Lambkin answered at once with:</p> - -<p>“My dear Large, I shall be really displeased -if you estimate that slight performance -of a pleasurable task at so high a rate -as ten pounds.”</p> - -<p>Nor indeed was this the case. For when -Lambkin opened the enclosure (having -waited with delicate courtesy for his visitor -to leave the room) he discovered but five<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</span> -pounds therein. But note what follows—Lambkin -neither mentioned the matter to -a soul, nor passed the least stricture upon -Large’s future actions, save in those matters -where he found his colleague justly to blame: -and in the course of the several years during -which they continually met, the restraint -and self-respect of his character -saved him from the use of ignoble weapons -whether of pen or tongue. It was a lesson -in gentlemanly irony to see my friend take -his place above Large at high table in the -uneasy days that followed.</p> - - -<p class="center">THE ADDRESS</p> - -<p> -<span class="smcap i1">My dear Friends</span>,<br /> -</p> - -<p><span class="i2">I shall attempt to put before you in a -few simple, but I hope well-chosen words, -the views of a plain man upon the great -subject before us to-day. I shall attempt -with the greatest care to avoid any personal -offence, but I shall not hesitate to use the -knife with an unsparing hand, as is indeed -the duty of the Pastor whosoever he may -be. I remember a late dear friend of mine<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</span> -[who would not wish me to make his name -public but whom you will perhaps recognise -in the founder and builder of the new -Cathedral at Isaacsville in Canada<a id="FNanchor_54" href="#Footnote_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a>]. I remember -his saying to me with a merry -twinkle of the eye that looms only from the -free manhood of the west: “Lambkin,” -said he, “would you know how I made my -large fortune in the space of but three -months, and how I have attained to such -dignity and honour? It was by following -this simple maxim which my dear mother<a id="FNanchor_55" href="#Footnote_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> -taught me in the rough log-cabin<a id="FNanchor_56" href="#Footnote_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> of my -birth: ‘Be courteous to all strangers, but -familiar with none.’”<a id="FNanchor_57" href="#Footnote_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</span></p> - -<p>My friends, you are not strangers, nay, on -the present solemn occasion I think I may -call you friends—even brethren!—dear -brothers and sisters! But a little bird has -told me.... (<i>Here a genial smile passed -over his face and he drank a draught of pure -cold water from a tumbler at his side.</i>) A little -bird has told me, I say, that some of you -feared a trifle of just harshness, a reprimand -perhaps, or a warning note of danger, -at the best a doubtful and academic -temper as to the future. Fear nothing. I -shall pursue a far different course, and however -courteous I may be I shall indulge in -no familiarities.</p> - -<p>“The Tertiary symptoms of Secondary -Education among the Poor” is a noble -phrase and expresses a noble idea. Why -the very words are drawn from our Anglo-Saxon -mother-tongue deftly mingled with -a few expressions borrowed from the old -dead language of long-past Greece and Rome.</p> - -<p>What is Education? The derivation of -the word answers this question. It is from -“e” that is “out of,” “duc-o” “I lead,” -from the root Duc—to lead, to govern<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</span> -(whence we get so many of our most important -words such as “Duke”; “Duck” = -a drake; etc.) and finally the termination -“-tio” which corresponds to the English -“-ishness.” We may then put the whole -phrase in simple language thus, “The -threefold Showings of twofold Led-out-of-ishness -among the Needy.”</p> - -<p>The Needy! The Poor! Terrible words! -It has been truly said that we have them -always with us. It is one of our peculiar -glories in nineteenth century England, that -we of the upper classes have fully recognised -our heavy responsibility towards our -weaker fellow-citizens. Not by Revolution, -which is dangerous and vain, not by heroic -legislation or hair-brained schemes of universal -panaceas, not by frothy Utopias. No!—by -solid hard work, by quiet and persistent -effort, with the slow invisible tenacity -that won the day at Badajoz, we have -won this great social victory. And if any -one should ask me for the result I should -answer him—go to Bolton, go to Manchester, -go to Liverpool; go to Hull or Halifax—the -answer is there.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</span></p> - -<p>There are many ways in which this good -work is proceeding. Life is a gem of many -facets. Some of my friends take refuge in -Prayer, others have joined the Charity -Organisation Society, others again have -laboured in a less brilliant but fully as -useful a fashion by writing books upon -social statistics which command an enormous -circulation. You have turned to education, -and you have done well. Show me -a miner or a stevedore who attends his -lectures upon Rossetti, and I will show you -a man. Show me his wife or daughter at -a cookery school or engaged in fretwork, -and I will shew you a woman. A man and -a woman—solemn thought!</p> - -<p>A noble subject indeed and one to occupy -the whole life of a man! This “Education,” -this “Leading-out-of,” is the matter -of all our lives here in Oxford except in the -vacation.<a id="FNanchor_58" href="#Footnote_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> And what an effect it has! Let -me prove it in a short example.</p> - -<p>At a poor lodging-house in Lafayette, -Pa., U.S.A., three well-educated men from<span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</span> -New England who had fallen upon evil -times were seated at a table surrounded by -a couple of ignorant and superstitious -Irishmen; these poor untaught creatures, -presuming upon their numbers, did not -hesitate to call the silent and gentlemanly -unfortunates “Dommed High-faluthing -Fules”; but mark the sequel. A fire broke -out in the night. The house was full of -these Irishmen and of yet more repulsive -Italians. Some were consumed by the devouring -element, others perished in the -flames, others again saved their lives by a -cowardly flight.<a id="FNanchor_59" href="#Footnote_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> But what of those three -from Massachusetts whom better principles -had guided in youth and with whom philosophy -had replaced the bitter craft of the -Priest? They were found—my dear friends—they -were found still seated calmly at the -table; they had not moved; no passion had -blinded them, no panic disturbed: in their -charred and blackened features no trace of -terror was apparent. Such is the effect, -such the glory of what my late master and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</span> -guide, the Professor of Tautology, used to -call the “Principle of the Survival of the -Fittest.”</p> - -<p>(<i>Applause, which was only checked by a consideration -for the respect due to the Sacred -edifice.</i>)</p> - -<p>Go forth then! Again I say go forth! -Go forth! Go forth! The time is coming -when England will see that your claims to -reverence, recognition and emolument are as -great as our own. I repeat it, go forth, and -when you have brought the great bulk of -families to change their mental standpoint, -then indeed you will have transformed the -world! For without the mind the human -intellect is nothing.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="X">X.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Leader</p> - - -<p>Mr. Solomon was ever determined to -keep the <i>Sunday Englishman</i> at a high level. -“We owe it” (he would say) “first to the -public who are thereby sacrificed—I mean -satisfied—and to ourselves, who secure -thereby a large and increasing circulation.” -[“Ourselves” alluded to the shareholders, -for the <i>Sunday Englishman</i> was a limited -Company, in which the shares (of which -Mr. Solomon held the greater number) were -distributed in the family; the tiniest toddler -of two years old was remembered, and had -been presented with a share by his laughing -and generous parent.]</p> - -<p>In this laudable effort to keep “abreast -of the times” (as he phrased it), the Editor -and part Proprietor determined to have -leaders written by University men, who -from their position of vantage enjoy a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</span> -unique experience in practical matters. He -had formed a very high opinion of Lambkin’s -journalistic capacity from his unpublished -letters as a special correspondent. -Indeed, he was often heard to say that “a -man like him was lost at Oxford, and was -born for Fleet Street.” He wrote, therefore, -to Mr. Lambkin and gave him “Carte -Blanche,” as one French scholar to another, -sending him only the general directions that -his leader must be “smart, up-to-date, and -with plenty of push,” it was to be “neither -too long nor too short,” and while it should -be written in an easy familiar tone, there -should be little or no seriously offensive -matter included.</p> - -<p>Mr. Lambkin was delighted, and when -at his request the article had been paid for, -he sent in the following:</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The Leader.</span></p> - -<p>“The English-Speaking Race has—if we -except the Dutch, Negro, and Irish elements—a -marvellous talent for self-government. -From the earliest origins of our Anglo-Saxon<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</span> -forefathers to the latest Parish Council, -guided but not controlled by the modern -‘Mass Thegen’ or local ‘Gesithcund man,’ -this talent, or rather genius, is apparent. -We cannot tell why, in the inscrutable designs -of Providence, our chosen race should -have been so specially gifted, but certain it -is that wherever plain ordinary men <i>such as -I who write this and you who read it</i>,<a id="FNanchor_60" href="#Footnote_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> may be -planted, there they cause the desert to blossom, -and the waters to gush from the living -rock. Who has not known, whether among -his personal acquaintance or from having -read of him in books, the type of man who -forms the strength of this mighty national -organism? And who has not felt that he is -himself something of that kidney? We -stand aghast at our own extraordinary -power, and it has been finely said that -Nelson was greater than he knew. From -one end of the earth to the other the British -language is spoken and understood. The -very words that I am writing will be read -to-morrow in London, the day after in Oxford—and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</span> -from this it is but a step to the -uttermost parts of the earth.</p> - -<p>“Under these conditions of power, -splendour, and domination it is intolerable -that the vast metropolis of this gigantic -empire should be pestered with crawling -cabs. There are indeed many things which -in the Divine plan have it in their nature to -crawl. We of all the races of men are the -readiest to admit the reign of universal law. -Meaner races know not the law, but we are -the children of the law, and where crawling -is part of the Cosmos we submit and quit -ourselves like men, being armed with the -armour of righteousness. Thus no Englishman -(whatever foreigners may feel) is -offended at a crawling insect or worm. A -wounded hare will crawl, and we Read that -‘the serpent was cursed and crawled upon -his belly’; again, Aristotle in his Ethics -talks of those whose nature (φύσις) it is -‘ἕρπειν,’ which is usually translated ‘to -crawl,’ and Kipling speaks of fifes ‘crawling.’ -With all this we have no quarrel, -but the crawling cab is a shocking and -abominable thing; and if the titled owners<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</span> -of hansoms do not heed the warning in time -they will find that the spirit of Cromwell -is not yet dead, and mayhap the quiet -determined people of this realm will rise -and sweep them and their gaudy gew-gaws -and their finnicky high-stepping horses, -and their perched-up minions, from the fair -face of England.”</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XI">XI.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Remarks on the End of Term</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><i>Delivered in Hall on Saturday, Dec. 6th, -1887, the morning upon which the College -went down.</i></p> -</div> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><span class="smcap">My dear Friends; my dear Undergraduate -members of this College</span>,</p> -</div> - -<p>The end of Term is approaching—nay, -is here. A little more, and we shall -meet each other no longer for six weeks. -It is a solemn and a sacred thought. It is -not the sadness, and even the regret, that -takes us at the beginning of the Long -Vacation. This is no definitive close. We -lose (I hope) no friends; none leave us for -ever, unless I may allude to the young man -whom few of you knew, but through whose -criminal folly the head of this foundation -has lost the use of one eye.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</span></p> - -<p>This is not a time of exaltation, so should -it not be a time for too absolute a mourning. -This is not the end of the Easter -Term, nor of the Summer Term. It is the -end of Michaelmas Term. That is the fact, -and facts must be looked in the face. -What are we to do with the approaching -vacation? What have we done with the -past term?</p> - -<p>In the past term (I think I can answer -for some of you) a much deeper meaning -has entered into your lives. Especially you, -the young freshmen (happily I have had -the control of many, the teaching of some), -I know that life has become fuller for you. -That half-hour a week to which you pay so -little heed will mean much in later years. -You have come to me in batches for half-an-hour -a week, and each of you has thus -enjoyed collectively the beginning of that -private control and moulding of the character -which is the object of all our efforts here -in Oxford. And can you not, as you look -back, see what a great change has passed -over you in the short few months? I do -not mean the corporeal change involved<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</span> -by our climate or our prandial habits; -neither do I allude to the change in your -dress and outward appearance. I refer to -the mental transformation.</p> - -<p>You arrived sure of a number of things -which you had learnt at school or at your -mother’s knee. Of what are you certain now? -Of nothing! It is necessary in the mysterious -scheme of education that this blind faith or -certitude should be laid as a foundation in -early youth. But it is imperative that a -man—if he is to be a man and not a monster—should -lose it at the outset of his -career. My young friends, I have given -you the pearl of great price. You have -begun to doubt.</p> - -<p>Half-an-hour a week—four hours in all -the term ... could any positive, empirical, -or dogmatic teaching have been conveyed -in that time, or with so much fullness -as the great scheme of negation can -be? I trow not.</p> - -<p>So much for knowledge and tutorship. -What of morals? It is a delicate subject, -but I will treat of it boldly. You all remember -how, shortly after the month of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</span> -October, the College celebrated Guy -Fawkes’ day: the elders, by a dinner in -honour of their founder, the juniors by -lighting a bonfire in the quadrangle. You -all know what followed. I do not wish to -refer again—certainly not with bitterness—to -the excesses of that evening; but the loss -of eyesight is a serious thing, and one that -the victim may forgive, but hardly can forget. -I hope the lesson will suffice, and -that in future no fellow of this College will -have to regret so serious a disfigurement at -the hands of a student.</p> - -<p>To pass to lighter things. The Smoking -Concert on All Souls’ Day was a great -success. I had hoped to organise some -similar jollity on Good Friday, but I find -that it falls in the Easter vacation. It is, -however, an excellent precedent, and we -will not fail to have one on some other festal -occasion. To the action of one of our least -responsible members I will not refer. But -surely there is neither good breeding nor -decency in dressing up as an old lady, in -assuming the name of one of our Greatest -Families, and in so taking advantage of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</span> -chivalry, and perhaps the devotion, of one’s -superiors. The offence is one that can not -lightly be passed over, and the culprit will -surely be discovered.</p> - -<p>Of the success of the College at hockey -and in the inter-University draughts competition, -I am as proud as yourselves. -[<i>Loud cheers, lasting for several minutes.</i>] -They were games of which in my youth I was -myself proud. On the river I see no reason -to be ashamed; next term we have the -Torpids, and after that the Eights. We -have no cause to despair. It is my experience -(an experience based on ten years -of close observation), that no college can -permanently remain at the bottom of the -river. There is a tide in the affairs of men, -which taken at the flood leads on to fortune, -let us therefore taking heart of grace and -screw our courage to the sticking point. -We have the lightest cox. in the ’Varsity -and an excellent coach. Much may be done -with these things.</p> - -<p>As to the religious state of the college it -is, as you all know, excellent—I wish I -could say the same for the Inorganic<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</span> -Chemistry. This province falls under the -guidance of Mr. Large, but the deficiency -in our standing is entirely the fault of his -pupils. There are not twenty men in the -University better fitted to teach Inorganic -Chemistry than my colleague. At any rate -it is a very grave matter and one by which -a college ultimately stands or falls.</p> - -<p>We have had no deaths to deplore during -this term, and in my opinion the attack of -mumps that affected the college during -November can hardly be called an epidemic. -The drains will be thoroughly overhauled -during the vacation, and the expense of -this, spread as it will be among all undergraduate -members whether in residence or -not, will form a very trifling addition to -Battells. I doubt if its effect will be felt.</p> - -<p>There is one last thing that I shall touch -upon. We have been constantly annoyed -by the way in which undergraduates tread -down the lawn. The Oxford turf is one of -the best signs of our antiquity as a university. -There is no turf like it in the world. -The habit of continually walking upon it is -fatal to its appearance. Such an action<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</span> -would certainly never be permitted in a -gentleman’s seat, and there is some talk of -building a wall round the quadrangle to -prevent the practice in question. I need -hardly tell you what a disfigurement such a -step would involve, but if there is one -thing in the management of the college -that I am more determined upon than -another it is that no one be he scholar or be -he commoner shall walk upon the grass!</p> - -<p>I wish you a very Merry Christmas at the -various country houses you may be visiting, -and hope and pray that you may find united -there all the members of your own family.</p> - -<p>Mr. Gurge will remain behind and speak -to me for a few moments.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XII">XII.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Article on the North-west -Corner of the Mosaic Pavement of the -Roman Villa at Bignor</p> - - -<p>Of Mr. Lambkin’s historical research -little mention has been made, because this -was but the recreation of a mind whose -serious work was much more justly calculated -to impress posterity. It is none the -less true that he had in the inner <i>coterie</i> of -Antiquarians, a very pronounced reputation, -and that on more than one occasion his -discoveries had led to animated dispute -and even to friction. He is referred to as -“Herr Professor Lambkin” in Winsk’s -“Roman Sandals,”<a id="FNanchor_61" href="#Footnote_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> and Mr. Bigchurch in -the Preface of his exhaustive work on<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</span> -“The Drainage of the Grecian Sea Port” -(which includes much information on the -Ionian colonies and Magna Graecia) acknowledges -Mr. Lambkin’s “valuable sympathy -and continuous friendly aid which -have helped him through many a dark -hour.” Lambkin was also frequently sent -books on Greek and Roman Antiquities -to review; and it must be presumed that -the editor of <i>Culture</i>,<a id="FNanchor_62" href="#Footnote_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> who was himself -an Oxford man and had taken a House -degree in 1862, would hardly have had such -work done by an ignorant man.</p> - -<p>If further proof were needed of Mr. -Lambkin’s deep and minute scholarship in -this matter it would be discovered in the -many reproductions of antiquities which -used to hang round his room in college. -They were photographs of a reddish-brown -colour and represented many objects dear to -the Scholar, such as the Parthenon, the -Temples of Paestum, the Apollo Belvedere, -and the Bronze head at the Vatican; called<span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</span> -in its original dedication an Ariadne, but -more properly described by M. Crémieux-Nathanson, -in the light of modern research, -as a Silenus.</p> - -<p>Any doubts as to Lambkin’s full claim to -detailed-knowledge in those matters, will, -however, be set at rest by the one thing he -has left us of the kind—his article in the -<i>Revue Intellectuelle</i>, which was translated for -him by a Belgian friend, but of which I -have preserved the original MSS.<a id="FNanchor_63" href="#Footnote_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> It is as -follows:</p> - - -<p class="center">THE ARTICLE.</p> - -<p>I cannot conceive how M. Bischoff<a id="FNanchor_64" href="#Footnote_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a> and -Herr Crapiloni<a id="FNanchor_65" href="#Footnote_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a> can have fallen into their -grotesque error with regard to the Head in -the Mosaic at Bignor. The Head, as all the -world knows, is to be found in the extreme -north-west corner of the floor of the Mosaic -at Bignor, in Sussex. Its exact dimensions<span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</span> -from the highest point of the crown to the -point or cusp of the chin, and from the -furthest back edge of the cerebellum to the -outer tip of the nose are one foot five inches -and one foot three inches, respectively. The -Head is thus of the Heroic or exaggerated -size, and <i>not</i> (as Wainwright says in his -<i>Antiquities</i>), “of life size.” It represents the -head and face of an old man, and is composed -of fragments, in which are used the -colours black, brown, blue, yellow, pink, -green, purple and bright orange. There -can be no doubt that the floor must have -presented a very beautiful and even brilliant -appearance when it was new, but at the -present day it is much dulled from having -lain buried for fifteen hundred years.</p> - -<p>My contention is that M. Bischoff and -Herr Crapiloni have made a very ridiculous -mistake (I will not call it by a harsher name) -in representing this head to be a figure of -Winter. In one case (that of M. Bischoff) -I have no doubt that patriotic notions were -too strong for a well-balanced judgment;<a id="FNanchor_66" href="#Footnote_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</span> -but in the other, I am at a loss to find a -sufficient basis for a statement which is not -only false, but calculated to do a grave hurt -to history and even to public morals. M. -Bischoff admits that he visited England in -company with Herr Crapiloni—I have no -doubt that the latter influenced the former, -and that the blame and shame of this matter -must fall on the ultra-montane German and -not on the philosophical but enthusiastic -Gaul.</p> - -<p>For my opponents’ abuse of myself in the -columns of such rags as the <i>Bulletin de la -Société Historique de Bourges</i>, or the <i>Revue -d’Histoire Romaine</i>, I have only contempt -and pity; but <i>we</i> in <i>England</i> are taught that -a lie on any matter is equally serious, and I -will be no party to the calling of the Mosaic -a figure of “Winter” when I am convinced it -is nothing of the kind.</p> - -<p>As far as I can make out from their somewhat -turgid rhetoric, my opponents rely -upon the inscription “Hiems” put in with -white stones beneath the mosaic, and they -argue that, as the other four corners are admitted -to be “Spring,” “Summer,” and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</span> -“Autumn,” each with their title beneath, -<i>therefore</i> this fourth corner must be Winter!</p> - -<p>It is just such an argument from analogy -as I should have expected from men brought -up in the corrupt morality and the base religious -conceptions of the Continent! When -one is taught that authority is everything -and cannot use one’s judgment,<a id="FNanchor_67" href="#Footnote_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> one is almost -certain to jump at conclusions in this -haphazard fashion in dealing with definite -facts.</p> - -<p>For my part I am convinced that the -head is the portrait of the Roman proprietor -of the villa, and I am equally convinced -that the title “Hiems” has been added -below at a later date, so as to furnish a trap -for all self-sufficient and gullible historians. -Are my continental critics aware that <i>no -single copy</i> of the mosaic is to be found in -the whole of the Roman Remains of -Britain? Are they aware the villa at Bignor -has changed hands three times in -this century? I do not wish to make any -insinuations of bad faith, but I would hint<span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</span> -that the word “Hiems” has a fresh new -look about it which puzzles me.</p> - -<p>To turn to another matter, though it is -one connected with our subject. The -pupil of the eye has disappeared. We know -that the loss is of ancient date, as Wright -mentions its absence in his catalogue. A -very interesting discussion has arisen as to -the material of which the pupil was composed. -The matter occupied the Society at -Dresden (of which I am a corresponding -member) in a debate of some days, I have -therefore tried to fathom it but with only -partial success. I have indeed found a -triangular blue fragment which is much the -same shape as the missing cavity; it is -however, somewhat larger in all its -dimensions, and is convex instead of flat, -and I am assured it is but a piece of blue -china of recent manufacture, of which many -such odds and ends are to be found in the -fields and dustbins. If (as I strongly -suspect) these suggestions are only a ruse, -and if (as I hope will be the case) my fragment, -after some filing and chipping, can -be made to fit the cavity, the discovery will<span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</span> -be of immense value; for it will show that -the owner of the villa was a Teuton and will -go far to prove the theory of Roman continuity, -which is at present based on such -slight evidence. I will let you know the -result.</p> - -<p>The coins recently dug up in the neighbourhood, -and on which so many hopes were -based, prove nothing as to the date of the -mosaic. They cannot be of Roman origin, -for they bear for the most part the head -and inscription of William III., while the -rest are pence and shillings of the Georges. -One coin was a guinea, and will, I fear, be -sold as gold to the bank. I was very disappointed -to find so poor a result: ever -since my enquiry labourers have kept coming -to me with coins obviously modern—especially -bronze coins of Napoleon III.—which -they have buried to turn them -green, and subsequently hammered shapeless -in the hopes of my purchasing them. -I have had the misfortune to purchase, for -no less a sum than a sovereign, what turned -out to be the circular brass label on a dog’s -collar. It contained the name of “Ponto,”<span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</span> -inscribed in a classic wreath which deceived -me.</p> - -<p>Nothing else of real importance has -occurred since my last communication.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XIII">XIII.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Sermon.</p> - - -<p>A man not over-given to mere words, -Lambkin was always also somewhat diffident -of his pulpit eloquence and his sermons -were therefore rare. It must not be -imagined that he was one of those who -rebel vainly against established usage. -There was nothing in him of the blatant -and destructive demagogue; no character -could have been more removed from the -demons who drenched the fair soil of -France with such torrents of blood during -the awful reign of terror.</p> - -<p>But just as he was in politics a liberal in -the truest sense (not in the narrow party -definition of the word), so in the religious -sphere he descried the necessity of gentle -but persistent reform. “The present,” he -would often say, “is inseparable from the -past,” but he would add “continual modification<span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</span> -to suit the necessities of a changing -environment is a cardinal condition of -vitality.”</p> - -<p>It was, therefore, his aim to keep the form -of all existing institutions and merely to -change their matter.</p> - -<p>Thus, he was in favour of the retention of -the Regius Professorship of Greek, and -even voted for a heavy increase in the salary -of its occupant; but he urged and finally -carried the amendment by which that -dignitary is at present compelled to lecture -mainly on current politics. Mathematics -again was a subject whose interest he -discerned, however much he doubted its -value as a mental discipline; he was, therefore, -a supporter of the prize fellowships -occasionally offered on the subject, but, in -the determination of the successful candidate -he would give due weight to the -minutiae of dress and good manners.</p> - -<p>It will be seen from all this that if -Lambkin was essentially a modern, yet he -was as essentially a wise and moderate man; -cautious in action and preferring judgment -to violence he would often say, “<i>trans</i>former<span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</span> -please, not <i>re</i>former,” when his -friends twitted him over the port with his -innovations.<a id="FNanchor_68" href="#Footnote_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a></p> - -<p>Religion, then, which must be a matter -of grave import to all, was not neglected by -such a mind.</p> - -<p>He saw that all was not lost when dogma -failed, but that the great ethical side of the -system could be developed in the room left -by the decay of its formal character. Just -as a man who has lost his fingers will -sometimes grow thumbs in their place, so -Lambkin foresaw that in the place of what -was an atrophied function, vigorous examples -of an older type might shoot up, and -the organism would gain in breadth what -it lost in definition. “I look forward to -the time” (he would cry) “when the devotional -hand of man shall be all thumbs.”</p> - -<p>The philosophy which he thus applied to -formal teaching and dogma took practical -effect in the no less important matter of the -sermon. He retained that form or shell, but<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</span> -he raised it as on stepping-stones from its -dead self to higher things; the success of -many a man in this life has been due to the -influence exerted by his simple words.</p> - -<p>The particular allocution which I have -chosen as the best illustration of his method -was not preached in the College Chapel, -but was on the contrary a University -Sermon given during eight weeks. It ran -as follows:</p> - - -<p class="center">SERMON</p> - -<p>I take for my text a beautiful but little-known -passage from the Talmud:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p>“<i>I will arise and gird up my lions—I mean -loins—and go; yea, I will get me out of the land -of my fathers which is in Ben-ramon, even unto -Edom and the Valley of Kush and the cities -about Laban to the uttermost ends of the earth.</i>”</p> -</div> - -<p>There is something about foreign travel, -my dear Brethren, which seems, as it were, -a positive physical necessity to our eager -and high-wrought generation. At specified -times of the year we hunt, or debate; we -attend to our affairs in the city, or we<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</span> -occupy our minds with the guidance of -State. The ball-room, the drawing-room, -the club, each have their proper season. In -our games football gives place to cricket, -and the deep bay of the faithful hound -yields with the advancing season to the -sharp crack of the Winchester, as the -grouse, the partridge, or the very kapper-capercailzie -itself falls before the superior -intelligence of man. One fashion also will -succeed another, and in the mysterious development -of the years—a development not -entirely under the guidance of our human -wills—the decent croquet-ball returns to -lawns that had for so long been strangers to -aught but the fierce agility of tennis.</p> - -<p>So in the great procession of the times -and the seasons, there comes upon us the -time for travel. It is not (my dear Brethren), -it is not in the winter when all is covered -with a white veil of snow—or possibly -transformed with the marvellous effects of -thaw; it is not in the spring when the buds -begin to appear in the hedges, and when -the crocus studs the spacious sward in -artful disorder and calculated negligence—no<span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</span> -it is not then—the old time of Pilgrimage,<a id="FNanchor_69" href="#Footnote_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> -that our positive and enlightened era -chooses for its migration.<a id="FNanchor_70" href="#Footnote_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a></p> - -<p>It is in the burning summer season, when -the glare of the sun is almost painful to the -jaded eye of the dancer, when the night is -shortest and the day longest, that we fly -from these inhospitable shores and green -fields of England.</p> - -<p>And whither do we fly? Is it to the cool -and delicious north, to the glaciers of -Greenland, or to the noble cliffs and -sterling characters of Orkney? Is it to -Norway? Can it be to Lapland? Some -perhaps, a very few, are to be found -journeying to these places in the commodious -and well-appointed green boats of Mr. -Wilson, of Tranby Croft. But, alas! the -greater number leave the hot summer of -England for the yet more torrid climes of -Italy, Spain, the Levant and the Barbary<span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</span> -coast. Negligent of the health that is our -chiefest treasure, we waste our energies in -the malaria of Rome, or in Paris poison our -minds with the contempt aroused by the -sight of hideous foreigners.</p> - -<p>Let me turn from this painful aspect of a -question which certainly presents nobler -and more useful issues. It is most to our -purpose, perhaps, in a certain fashion; it is -doubtless more to our purpose in many ways -to consider on an occasion such as this the -moral aspects of foreign travel, and chief -among these I reckon those little points of -mere every day practice, which are of so -much greater importance than the rare and -exaggerated acts to which our rude ancestors -gave the name of Sins.</p> - -<p>Consider the over-charges in hotels. The -economist may explain, the utilitarian may -condone such action, but if we are to make -for Righteousness, we cannot pass without -censure a practice which we would hardly -go so far as to condemn. If there be in the -sacred edifice any one of those who keep -houses of entertainment upon the Continent, -especially if there sit among you any<span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</span> -representative of that class in Switzerland, -I would beg him to consider deeply a matter -which the fanatical clergy of his land may -pardon, but which it is the duty of ours to -publicly deplore.</p> - -<p>Consider again the many examples of -social and moral degradation which we -meet with in our journeyings! We pass -from the coarse German, to the inconstant -Gaul. We fly the indifference and ribald -scoffing of Milan only to fall into the sink -of idolatory and superstition which men -call Naples; we observe in our rapid flight -the indolent Spaniard, the disgusting Slav, -the uncouth Frisian and the frightful Hun. -Our travels will not be without profit if -they teach us to thank Heaven that our -fathers preserved us from such a lot as -theirs.</p> - -<p>Again, we may consider the great advantages -that we may gather as individuals -from travel. We can exercise our financial -ingenuity (and this is no light part of -mental training) in arranging our expenses -for the day. We can find in the corners of -foreign cities those relics of the Past which<span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</span> -the callous and degraded people of the -place ignore, and which are reserved for -the appreciation of a more vigorous race. -In the galleries we learn the beauties of a -San Mirtānoja, and the vulgar insufficiency -and ostentation of a Sanzio.<a id="FNanchor_71" href="#Footnote_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> In a thousand -ways the experience of the Continent -is a consolation and a support.</p> - -<p>Fourthly, my dear brethren, we contrast -our sturdy and honest crowd of tourists with -the ridiculous castes and social pettiness of -the ruck of foreign nations. There the peasant, -the bourgeois, the noble, the priest, the -politician, the soldier, seems each to live in his -own world. In our happier England there -are but two classes, the owners of machinery -and the owners of land; and these are so -subtly and happily mixed, there is present -at the same time so hearty an independence -and so sensible a recognition of rank, that -the whole vast mass of squires and merchants -mingle in an exquisite harmony, and pour -like a life-giving flood over the decaying -cities of Europe.</p> - -<p>But I have said enough. I must draw to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</span> -a close. The love of fame, which has been -beautifully called the last infirmity of noble-minds, -alone would tempt me to proceed. -But I must end. I hope that those of you -who go to Spain will visit the unique and -interesting old town of Saragossa.</p> - -<p>(<i>Here Mr. Lambkin abruptly left the Pulpit.</i>)</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XIV">XIV.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Open Letter to Churchmen</p> - - -<p>The noise made by Mr. Lambkin’s -famous advice to Archdeacon Burfle will -be remembered by all my readers. He did -not, however, publish the letter (as is erroneously -presumed in <i>Great Dead Men of the -Period</i>),<a id="FNanchor_72" href="#Footnote_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> without due discussion and reflection. -I did not personally urge him to -make it public—I thought it unwise. But -Mr. Large may almost be said to have -insisted upon it in the long Conversation -which he and Josiah had upon the matter. -When Lambkin had left Large’s room I took -the liberty of going up to see him again, but -the fatal missive had been posted, and -appeared next day in <i>The Times</i>, the <i>Echo</i>,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</span> -and other journals, not to mention the -<i>Englishman’s Anchor</i>. I do not wish to -accuse Mr. Large of any malicious purpose -or deliberately misleading intention, but I -fear that (as he was not an impulsive man) -his advice can only have proceeded from a -woeful and calculated lack of judgment.</p> - -<p>There is no doubt that (from Lambkin’s -own point of view), the publication of this -letter was a very serious error. It bitterly -offended Arthur Bundleton, and alienated -all the “Pimlico” group (as they were then -called). At the same time it did not satisfy -the small but eager and cultured body who -followed Tamworthy. It gave a moderate -pleasure to the poorer clergy in the country -parishes, but I doubt very much whether -these are the men from whom social advantage -or ecclesiastical preferment is to be -expected. I often told Lambkin that the -complexity of our English Polity was a -dangerous thing to meddle with. “A -man,” I would say to him, “who expresses -an opinion is like one who plunges a knife -into some sensitive part of the human -frame. The former may offend unwittingly<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</span> -by the mere impact of his creed or prejudice, -much as the latter may give pain by happening -upon some hidden nerve.”</p> - -<p>Now Lambkin was essentially a wise -man. He felt the obligation—the duty (to -give it a nobler name)—which is imposed -on all of us of studying our fellows. He -did not, perhaps, say where his mind lay in -any matter more than half a dozen times in -his life, for fear of opposing by such an -expression the wider experience or keener -emotion of the society around him. He -felt himself a part of a great stream, which -it was the business of a just man to follow, -and if he spoke strongly (as he often did) it -was in some matter upon which the vast -bulk of his countrymen were agreed; -indeed he rightly gave to public opinion, -and to the governing classes of the nation, -an overwhelming weight in his system of -morals; and even at twenty-one he had a -wholesome contempt for the doctrinaire -enthusiast who neglects his newspaper and -hatches an ethical system out of mere -blind tradition or (what is worse) his inner -conscience.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</span></p> - -<p>It is remarkable, therefore, that such a -man should have been guilty of one -such error. “It was not a crime,” he -said cleverly, in speaking of the matter -to me, “it was worse; it was a -blunder.” And that is what we all felt. -The matter can be explained, however, -by a reference to the peculiar conditions -of the moment in which it appeared. The -Deanery of Bury had just fallen vacant by -death of Henry Carver, the elder.<a id="FNanchor_73" href="#Footnote_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> A -Liberal Unionist Government was in power, -and Lambkin perhaps imagined that controversy -still led—as it had done but a few -years before—to the public notice which it -merits. He erred, but it was a noble error.</p> - -<p>One thing at least we can rejoice in, the -letter may have hurt Lambkin in this poor -mortal life; but it was of incalculable advantage -to the generation immediately succeeding -his own. I cannot but believe that from -that little source springs all the mighty<span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</span> -river of reform which has left so profound -a mark upon the hosiery of this our day.</p> - -<p>The letter is as follows:—</p> - - -<p class="center">AN OPEN LETTER</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap">Burford.</span> <i>St. John’s Eve, 1876.</i> -</p> -<p class="i1"> -<span class="smcap">My Dear Burfle</span>, -</p> - -<p><span class="i2">You have asked my advice on a -matter of deep import, a matter upon which -every self-respecting Englishman is asking -himself the question “Am I a <i>sheep</i> or a -<i>goat</i>?” My dear Burfle, I will answer you -straight out, and I know you will not be -angry with me if I answer also in the -agora, “before the people,” as Paul would -have done. Are you a <i>sheep</i> or a <i>goat</i>? -Let us think.</span></p> - -<p>You say rightly that the question upon -which all this turns is the question of -boots. It is but a symbol, but it is a -symbol upon which all England is divided. -On the one hand we have men strenuous, -determined, eager—men (if I may say so) of -true Apostolic quality, to whom the -buttoned boot is sacred to a degree some of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</span> -us may find it difficult to understand. They -are few, are these devout pioneers, but they -are in certain ways, and from some points -of view, among the <i>élite</i> of the Nation, so to -speak.</p> - -<p>On the other hand we have the great -mass of sensible men, earnest, devout, -practical—what Beeker calls in a fine -phrase “Thys corpse and verie bodie of -England<a id="FNanchor_74" href="#Footnote_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a>”—determined to maintain what -their fathers had before them, and insisting -on the laced boot as the proper foot-gear of -the Church.</p> - -<p>No one is more sensible than myself (my -dear Burfle), I say no one is more sensible -than I am, of the gravity of this schism—for -schism it threatens to be. And no one -appreciates more than I do how much there -is to be said on both sides. The one party -will urge (with perfect justice), that the -buttoned boot is a development. They maintain -(and there is much to be said in their -favour), that the common practice of wearing -buttoned boots, their ornate appearance,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</span> -and the indication of well-being which they -afford, fit them most especially for the -Service of the Temple. They are seen upon -the feet of Parisians, of Romans, of Viennese; -they are associated with our modern -occasions of Full Dress, and when we wear -them we feel that we are one with all that -is of ours in Christendom. In a word, they -are Catholic, in the best and truest sense of -the word.</p> - -<p>Now, my dear Burfle, consider the other -side of the argument. The laced boot, -modern though it be in form and black and -solid, is yet most undoubtedly the Primitive -Boot in its essential. That the early Christians -wore sandals is now beyond the reach -of doubt or the power of the wicked. -There is indeed the famous forgery of -Gelasius, which may have imposed upon -the superstition of the dark ages,<a id="FNanchor_75" href="#Footnote_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> there is -the doubtful evidence also of the mosaic at -Ravenna. But the only solid ground ever -brought forward was the passage in the -Pseudo-Johannes, which no modern scholar<span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</span> -will admit to refer to buttons. ξύγον means -among other things a lace, an absolute lace, -and I defy our enemies (who are many and -unscrupulous), to deny. The Sandal has -been finally given its place as a Primitive -Christian ornament; and we can crush the -machinations of foreign missions, I think, -with the plain sentence of that great -scholar, Dr. Junker, “The sandal,” he -says, “is the parent of the laced boot.”</p> - -<p>So far then, so good. You see (my dear -Burfle), how honestly the two sides may -differ, and how, with such a backing upon -either side, the battle might rage indefinitely, -to the final extinction, perhaps, of our -beloved country and its most cherished -institutions.</p> - -<p>Is there no way by which such a catastrophe -may be avoided?</p> - -<p>Why most certainly <i>yes</i>. There is a road -on which both may travel, a place in which -all may meet. I mean the boot (preferably -the cloth boot) with elastic sides. Already -it is worn by many of our clergy.<a id="FNanchor_76" href="#Footnote_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> It<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</span> -offends neither party, it satisfies, or should -satisfy, both; and for my part, I see in it -one of those compromises upon which our -greatness is founded. Let us then determine -to be in this matter neither <i>sheep</i> nor -<i>goats</i>. It is better, far better, to admit -some sheepishness into our goatishness, or -(if our extremists <i>will</i> have it so), some -goatishness into our sheepishness—it is -better, I say, to enter one fold and be at -peace together, than to imperil our most -cherished and beloved tenets in a mere -wrangle upon non-essentials. For, after all -what is essential to us? Not boots, I think, -but righteousness. Righteousness may express -itself in boots, it is just and good -that it should do so, but to see righteousness -in the boot itself is to fall into the -gross materialism of the middle ages, and -to forget our birthright and the mess of -pottage.</p> - -<p>Yours (my dear Burfle) in all charity,</p> - -<p class="sig"> -<span class="smcap">Josiah Lambkin</span>.<br /> -</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XV">XV.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Lambkin’s Letter to a French Friend</p> - - -<p>Lambkin’s concern for the Continent -was deep and lasting. He knew the -Western part of this Division of the Globe -from a constant habit of travel which would -take him by the Calais-Bâle, passing through -the St. Gothard by night, and so into the -storied plains of Italy.<a id="FNanchor_77" href="#Footnote_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> It was at Milan -that he wrote his <i>Shorter Anglo-Saxon -Grammar</i>, and in Assisi that he corrected -the proofs of his article on the value of -oats as human food. Everyone will remember -the abominable outrage at Naples, -where he was stabbed by a coachman in revenge -for his noble and disinterested protection -of a poor cab-horse; in a word, -Italy is full of his vacations, and no name -is more familiar to the members of the -Club at the Villa Marinoni.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</span></p> - -<p>It may seem strange that under such -circumstances our unhappy neighbours -across the Channel should so especially -have taken up his public action. He was -no deep student of the French tongue, and -he had but a trifling acquaintance with the -habits of the common people of that country; -but he has said himself with great -fervour, in his “Thoughts on Political -Obligations,” that no man could be a good -citizen of England who did not understand -her international position. “What” (he -would frequently exclaim) “what can they -know of England, who only England -know?”<a id="FNanchor_78" href="#Footnote_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> He did not pretend to a familiarity -with the minute details of foreign -policy, nor was he such a pedant as to be -offended at the good-humoured chaff directed -against his accent in the pronunciation -of foreign names. Nevertheless he -thought it—and rightly thought it—part of -his duty to bring into any discussion of the -affairs of the Republic those chance phrases -which lend colour and body to a conversation.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</span> -He found this duty as it lay in his -path and accomplished it, without bombast, -but with full determination, and with a -vast firmness of purpose. Thus he would -often let drop such expressions as “état -majeur,” “la cléricalisme c’est l’ennemi,” -“l’état c’est moi,”<a id="FNanchor_79" href="#Footnote_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> and such was his painful -and exact research that he first in the University -arrived at the meaning of the word -“bordereau,” which, until his discovery, all -had imagined to be a secret material of -peculiar complexity.</p> - -<p>Mr. Lambkin had but one close friend in -France, a man who had from cosmopolitan -experience acquired a breadth and humour -which the Frenchman so conspicuously -lacks; he united, therefore, the charm of -the French character to that general experience -which Lambkin invariably demanded -of his friends, and the fact that he belonged -to a small political minority and had so -long associated with foreigners had winnowed -from that fine soul the grossness -and one-sidedness, the mingled vanity and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</span> -ferocity, which seems so fatal a part of the -Gallic temper. In some ways this friend -reminded one of the great Huguenots -whom France to her eternal loss banished -by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and -of whom a bare twenty thousand are now -to be found in the town of Nîmes. In -other ways this gifted mind recalled—and -this would be in his moments of just indignation—the -manner and appearance of a -Major Prophet.</p> - -<p>Jules de la Vaguère dè Bissac was the -first of his family to bear that ancient -name, but not the least worthy. Born on a -Transatlantic in the port of Hamburg, his -first experience of life had been given him -in the busy competition of New York. It -was there that he acquired the rapid -glance, the grasp, the hard business head -which carried him from Buenos Ayres to -Amsterdam, and finally to a fortune. His -wealth he spent in the entertainment of his -numerous friends, in the furtherance of just -aims in politics (to which alas! the rich in -France do not subscribe as they should), to -the publication of sound views in the press,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</span> -and occasionally (for old habit is second -nature<a id="FNanchor_80" href="#Footnote_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a>), in the promotion of some industrial -concern destined to benefit his country -and the world.<a id="FNanchor_81" href="#Footnote_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> With transactions, however -sound and honest, that savoured of -mere speculation De Bissac would have -nothing to do, and when his uncle and -brother fled the country in 1887, he helped, -indeed, with his purse but he was never -heard to excuse or even to mention the -poor, fallen men.</p> - -<p>His hotel in the Rue des Fortifications -(a modest but coquettish little gem, whose -doors were bronze copies of the famous -gates of the Baptistery at Florence), had -often received Mr. Lambkin and a happy -circle of friends. Judge then of the horror -and indignation with which Oxford heard -that two of its beautiful windows had been -intentionally broken on the night of June -15th, 1896. The famous figure of “Mercy,” -taken from the stained glass at Rheims, -was destroyed and one of the stones had<span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</span> -fallen on the floor within an inch of a -priceless Sèvres vase that had once belonged -to Law and had been bought -from M. Panama. It was on the occasion -of this abominable outrage that Mr. Lambkin -sent the following letter, which, as it -was published in the <i>Horreur</i>, I make no -scruple of reprinting. But, for the sake of -the historical interest it possesses, I give it -in its original form:—</p> - -<p class="i1"> -“<span class="smcap">Cher Ami et Monsieur</span>, -</p> - -<p><span class="i2">Je n’ai pas de doute que vous aurez -souvenu votre visite à Oxford, car je -suis bien sur que je souviens ma visite à -Paris, quand je fus recu avec tant de -bienveillance par vous et votre aimable -famille.</span></p> - -<p>Vous aurez donc immediatement après -l’accident pensé à nous car vous aurez su -que nous étions, moi et Bilkin, vos amis -sincerès surtout dans la politique. Nous -avons expecté quelque chose pareille et -nous comprenons bien pourquoi c’est le -mauvais Durand qui a jété les pierres. -Vous avez été trop bon pour cet homme là.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</span> -Souvenez-vous en future que c’est exactement -ceux à qui nous pretons de l’argent -et devraient être dévoués à nous, qui deviennent -des ennemis. Voilà ce qui empêche -si souvent de faire du bien excepté à -ceux qui nous seront fideles et doux.</p> - -<p>(<i>All this, being of a private nature, was not -printed in M. de Bissac’s paper. The public -portion follows.</i>)</p> - -<p>Il est bien evident d’où viennent des -abominables et choquants choses pareilles. -C’est que la France se meurent. Un pays -où il n’y a personne<a id="FNanchor_82" href="#Footnote_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> qui peut empecher des -fanatiques de briser les verres est un pays -en décadence, voilà ce que l’Irlande aurait -été si nous étions pas là pour l’empecher. -On briserait des verres très surement et -beaucoup. J’espère que je ne blesse pas -votre cœur de Français en disant tout celà, -mais il est bien mieux de connaître ce que -l’on a, même si c’est mortel comme en -France.</p> - -<p>Vous l’avez bien dit c’est les militarisme -et cléricalisme qui font ces outrages. Examinez<span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</span> -bien l’homme qui a fait ça et vous -verrez qu’il a été baptisé et très probablement -il a fait son service militaire. Oh! -Mon cher ami que Dieu<a id="FNanchor_83" href="#Footnote_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> vous a merveilleusement -préservé de l’influence du Sabe et du -Goupillon! Vous n’avez pas fait votre -service et si vous êtes sage ne faites le -jamais car il corrompt le caractère. Je nous -ne l’avons pas.</p> - -<p>J’ai lu avec grand plaisir votre article -“Le Prêtre au Bagne,” oui! c’est au -Bagne que’l on devrait envoyer les Prêtres -seulement dans un pays ou tant de personne -sont Catholiques, je crains que les jurys -sentimentales de votre pays aquitterait honteusement -ces hommes néfastes.</p> - -<p>J’espère que je ne blesse pas votre Cœur -de Catholique en disant cela.<a id="FNanchor_84" href="#Footnote_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> Nos Catholiques -ici ne sont pas si mauvais que nos<span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</span> -Catholiques là-bas. Beaucoup des notres -sont de très bonnes familles, mais en -Irlande l’ignorance et terrible, et on veut -le faire plus grand avec une Université!</p> - -<p>En éspérant que la France redeviendra -son vrai même<a id="FNanchor_85" href="#Footnote_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> ce que je crains être impossible, -je reste, mon cher ami (et Monsieur) -votre ami sincère, agriez mes vœux -pressés, tout-à-toi.</p> - -<p class="sig"> -<span class="smcap">Josue Lambkin.</span><br /> -</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XVI">XVI.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="cd">Interview with Mr. Lambkin.</p> - - -<p>A representative of <i>The J. C. R.</i> had, -but a short while before his death, the -privilege of an interview with Mr. Lambkin -on those numerous questions of the day -which the enterprise of the Press puts before -its readers. The meeting has a most pathetic -interest! Here was the old man full -and portly, much alive to current questions, -and to the last a true representative of his -class. Within a week the fatal Gaudy had -passed and he was no more! Though the -words here given are reported by another, -they bear the full, fresh impress of his -personality and I treasure them as the last -authentic expression of that great mind.</p> - -<p>“Ringing the bell” (writes our representative) -“at a neat villa in the Banbury Road, -the door was answered by a trim serving-maid<span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</span> -in a chintz gown and with a white -cap on her head. The whole aspect of Mr. -Lambkin’s household without and within -breathes repose and decent merriment. I -was ushered into a well-ordered study, and -noticed upon the walls a few handsome -prints, chosen in perfect taste and solidly -mounted in fine frames, ‘The meeting of -Wellington and Blucher at Waterloo,’ ‘John -Knox preaching before Mary Queen of -Scots,’ ‘The trial of Lord William Russell,’ -and two charming pictures of a child and a -dog: ‘Can ’oo talk?’ and ‘Me too!’ completed -the little gallery. I noticed also a fine -photograph of the Marquis of Llanidloes, -whose legal attainments and philological -studies had formed a close bond between -him and Mr. Lambkin. A faded daguerreotype -of Mr. Lambkin’s mother and a -pencil sketch of his father’s country seat -possessed a pathetic interest.</p> - -<p>“Mr. Lambkin came cheerily into the -room, and I plunged at once ‘in medias -res.’</p> - -<p>“‘Pray Mr. Lambkin what do you think -of the present position of parties?’”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</span></p> - -<p>“‘Why, if you ask me,’ he replied, with an -intelligent look, ‘I think the great party -system needs an opposition to maintain it -in order, and I regret the absence of any -man of weight or talent—I had almost -said of common decency—on the Liberal -side. The late Lord Llanidloes—who was -the old type of Liberal—such a noble heart!—said -to me in this very room, ‘Mark my -words, Lambkin’ (said he) ‘<i>the Opposition -is doomed</i>.’ This was in Mr. Gladstone’s -1885 Parliament; it has always seemed to -me a wonderful prophecy. But Llanidloes -was a wonderful man, and the place of -second Under-Secretary for Agriculture was -all too little a reward for such services as his -to the State. ‘Do you know those lines,’ -here Mr. Lambkin grew visibly affected, -‘Then all were for the party and none were -for the State, the rich man paid the poor -man, and the weak man loved the great’? -‘I fear those times will never come again.’</p> - -<p>“A profound silence followed. ‘However,’ -continued he with quiet emphasis, -‘Home Rule is dead, and there is no -immediate danger of any tampering with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</span> -the judicial system of Great Britain after -the fashion that obtains in France.’</p> - -<p>“‘Yes,’ he continued, with the smile that -makes him so familiar, ‘these are my books: -trifles,—but my own. Here’ (taking down -a volume), ‘is <i>What would Cromwell have -done?</i>—a proposal for reforming Oxford. -Then here, in a binding with purple flowers, -is my <i>Time and Purpose</i>,—a devotional book -which has sold largely. The rest of the -shelf is what I call my ‘casual’ work. It -was mainly done for that great modern -publisher,—Matthew Straight, who knows -so well how to combine the old Spirit with -Modern exigencies. You know his beautiful -sign of the Boiling Pot in Plummer’s Court? -It was painted for him by one of his young -artists. You have doubtless seen his name -in the lists of guests at country houses; I -often meet him when I go to visit my -friends, and we plan a book together.</p> - -<p>“‘Thus my <i>Boys of Great Britain</i>—an -historical work, was conceived over the excellent -port of Baron Gusmann at Westburton -Abbey. Then there is the expansion -of this book, <i>English Boyhood</i>, in three<span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</span> -volumes, of which only two have appeared—<i>Anglo-Saxon -Boyhood</i> and <i>Mediæval Boyhood -in England</i>. It is very laborious.</p> - -<p>“‘No,’ he resumed, with nervous rapidity, -‘I have not confined myself to these. There -is “<i>What is Will?</i>” “<i>Mehitopel the Jewess -of Prague</i>” (a social novel); “<i>The Upper -House of Convocation before History</i>;” “<i>Elements -of the Leibnitzian Monodology for -Schools</i>” (which is the third volume in the -High School Series); “<i>Physiology of the -Elephant</i>” and its little abbreviated form for -the use of children, “<i>How Jumbo is made -Inside</i>,” dedicated, by the way, to that dear -little fairy, Lady Constantia de la Pole: -such a charming child, and destined, I am -sure, to be a good and beautiful woman. -She is three years old, and shooting up -like a graceful young lily.’</p> - -<p>“‘I fear I am detaining you,’ I said, as -the good man, whose eyes had filled with -tears during the last remark (he is a great -lover of children) pulled out a gold watch -and consulted its tell-tale dial. ‘Not at -all!,’ he replied with finished courtesy, ‘but -I always make a point of going in to High<span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</span> -Tea and seeing my wife and family well -under weigh before I go off to Hall. Surely -that must be the gong, and there (as the -pleasant sound of children’s high voices -filled the house) come what I call my young -barbarians.’</p> - -<p>“He accompanied me to the door with -true old-world politeness and shook me -beautifully by the hand. ‘Good-bye,’ he -said, ‘Good-bye and God-speed. You may -make what use you like of this, that I -believe the task of the journalist to be -among the noblest in our broad land. The -Press has a great mission, a great mission.’</p> - -<p>“With these words still ringing in my -ears I gathered up my skirts to cross the -muddy roadway and stepped into the tram.”</p> - - -<p class="printing">Women’s Printing Society, Ltd., 66, Whitcomb St. W.C.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter footnotes"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="FOOTNOTES">FOOTNOTES.</h2> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">But do not think I shall explain</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To any great extent. Believe me,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I partly write to give you pain,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And if you do not like me, leave me.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">And least of all can you complain,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Reviewers, whose unholy trade is,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To puff with all your might and main</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Biographies of single ladies.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[3]</a> Never mind.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[4]</a></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The plan forgot (I know not how,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Perhaps the Refectory filled it),</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To put a chapel in: and now</div> - <div class="verse indent2">We’re mortgaging the rest to build it.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">[5]</a> There can be no doubt that the work is a true example -of the early Semitic Comedy. It was probably -sung in Parts at the Spring-feast, and would be acted -by shepherds wearing masks and throwing goatskins -at one another, as they appear on the Bas-relief -at Ik-shmûl. See the article in <i>Righteousness</i>, -by a gentleman whom the Bible Society sent out to -Assyria at their own expense; and the note to Appendix -A of Benson’s <i>Og: King of Bashan</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">[6]</a> The house is now occupied by Mr. Heavy, the -well-known financier.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">[7]</a> The old school house has been pulled down to -make room for a set of villas called “Whortlebury -Gardens.” I believe No. 35 to be the exact spot, but -was unable to determine it accurately on account of -the uncourteous action of the present proprietor.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="label">[8]</a> I am speaking of 1861.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9" class="label">[9]</a> Mr. Lambkin has assured me that his lordship had -maintained these relations to the day of his death.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_10" href="#FNanchor_10" class="label">[10]</a> To be pronounced as a monosyllable in the American -fashion.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11" class="label">[11]</a> Mr. Punt, Mr. Howl, and Mr. Grewcock—(now, -alas! deceased).</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12" class="label">[12]</a> A neat rendering of “Sublimi feriam sidera -vertice.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_13" href="#FNanchor_13" class="label">[13]</a> <i>To the Examiners.</i>—These facts (of which I guarantee -the accuracy) were given me by a Director.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_14" href="#FNanchor_14" class="label">[14]</a> A reminiscence of Milton: “Fas est et ab hoste -doceri.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15" class="label">[15]</a> Lambkin told me he regretted this line, which -was for the sake of Rhyme. He would willingly have -replaced it, but to his last day could construct no -substitute.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_16" href="#FNanchor_16" class="label">[16]</a> The anecdote will be found in my <i>Fifty Years of -Chance Acquaintances</i>. (Isaacs & Co., 44s. nett.)</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_17" href="#FNanchor_17" class="label">[17]</a> Lambkin resolutely refused to define Happiness -when pressed to do so by a pupil in June, 1881: in fact, -his hatred of definitions was so well-known as to earn -him the good-humoured nick-name of “the Sloucher” -among the wilder young scholars.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_18" href="#FNanchor_18" class="label">[18]</a> τὸ μεσόν</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_19" href="#FNanchor_19" class="label">[19]</a> This was the first historical example of Lambkin’s -acquaintance with Hebrew—a knowledge which -he later turned to such great account in his attack -on the pseudo-Johannes.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_20" href="#FNanchor_20" class="label">[20]</a> It is the passage that follows which made so -startling an impression on the examiners. At that -time young Lambkin was almost alone in holding -the views which have since, through the Fellows of -Colleges who may be newspaper men or colonial -governors, influenced the whole world.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_21" href="#FNanchor_21" class="label">[21]</a> Jocular.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_22" href="#FNanchor_22" class="label">[22]</a> The MS. is here almost illegible</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_23" href="#FNanchor_23" class="label">[23]</a> The very word “dormant” comes from the Latin -for “sleeping.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_24" href="#FNanchor_24" class="label">[24]</a> I knew Professor M‘O. in the sixties. He was a -charming and cultured Scotchman, with a thorough -mastery of the English tongue.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_25" href="#FNanchor_25" class="label">[25]</a> Dr. von Lieber-Augustin. I knew him well. He -was a charming and cultured German.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_26" href="#FNanchor_26" class="label">[26]</a> How different from the cynical ribaldry of -Voltaire.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_27" href="#FNanchor_27" class="label">[27]</a> Mr. Buffin. I know him well. His uncle is Lord -Glenaltamont, one of the most charming and cultured -of our new peers.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_28" href="#FNanchor_28" class="label">[28]</a> See especially “Hypnotism,” being the researches -of the Research Society (xiv. vols., London, 1893), -and “Superstitions of the Past, especially the belief -in the Influence of Sleep upon Spells,” by Dr. Beradini. -Translated by Mrs. Blue. (London: Tooby & -Co., 1895.)</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_29" href="#FNanchor_29" class="label">[29]</a> Bk. I. or Bk. IV.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_30" href="#FNanchor_30" class="label">[30]</a> “Amo dormire. Sed nunquam dormio post -nonas horas nam episcopus sum et volo dare bonum -exemplum fidelibus.” App. Sid. Epistol., Bk. III., -Epist. 26. (Libermach’s edition. Berlin, 1875.) It -has the true ring of the fifth century.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_31" href="#FNanchor_31" class="label">[31]</a> So Herrick, in his famous epigram on Buggins. -A learned prelate of my acquaintance would frequently -quote this.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_32" href="#FNanchor_32" class="label">[32]</a> The same lines occur in several other poets. -Notably <i>Tupper</i> and <i>Montgomery</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_33" href="#FNanchor_33" class="label">[33]</a> See “Private Memoirs of the Court of Geo. III. -and the Regent,” by Mrs. Fitz-H⸺t.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_34" href="#FNanchor_34" class="label">[34]</a> See further, <i>The Morning Star of England</i>, in -“Stirrers of the Nations Series,” by the Rev. H. -Turmsey, M.A. Also <i>Foes and Friends of John of -Gaunt</i>, by Miss Matchkin.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_35" href="#FNanchor_35" class="label">[35]</a> “Latin Proses,” 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> net. Jason and Co., -Piccadilly.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_36" href="#FNanchor_36" class="label">[36]</a> Now doing his duty to the Empire nobly as a -cattle-man in Minnesota.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_37" href="#FNanchor_37" class="label">[37]</a> Everyone will remember the striking article on -this author in <i>The Christian Home</i> for July, 1886. It -was from Lambkin’s pen.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_38" href="#FNanchor_38" class="label">[38]</a> Lambkin was, when he wrote this letter, fully -twenty-six years of age.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_39" href="#FNanchor_39" class="label">[39]</a> Only a playful term of course.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_40" href="#FNanchor_40" class="label">[40]</a> A considerable discussion has arisen as to the -meaning of this.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_41" href="#FNanchor_41" class="label">[41]</a> A jocular allusion.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_42" href="#FNanchor_42" class="label">[42]</a> “Sicut ut homo qui”—my readers will fill in -the rest.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_43" href="#FNanchor_43" class="label">[43]</a> The note of exclamation is my own.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_44" href="#FNanchor_44" class="label">[44]</a> Author of <i>Prussian Morals</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_45" href="#FNanchor_45" class="label">[45]</a> These are almost the exact words that appeared -in the subsequent and over-rated book of Théophile -Gauthier: “Rien ne mène à rien cependant tout -arrive.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_46" href="#FNanchor_46" class="label">[46]</a> It was by my suggestion (<i>quorum pars parva fui</i>) -that was added the motto “They that go down to the -sea in ships, they see the wonders of the Lord.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_47" href="#FNanchor_47" class="label">[47]</a> <i>Livorno</i> in Italian.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_48" href="#FNanchor_48" class="label">[48]</a> Or “have given rise.” Myself and my colleagues -attempted (or had attempted) to determine -this point. But there can be little doubt that the -version we arrived at is right both in grammar and -in fact. The MS. is confused.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_49" href="#FNanchor_49" class="label">[49]</a> Though posted in Gravesend this letter appears -to have been written between London and the Estuary. -Some say in Dead Man’s Reach.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_50" href="#FNanchor_50" class="label">[50]</a> This passage was set for the Latin Prose in the -Burford Scholarship of 1875. It was won by Mr. -Hurt, now Chaplain of the Wainmakers’ Guild.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_51" href="#FNanchor_51" class="label">[51]</a> Normans.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_52" href="#FNanchor_52" class="label">[52]</a> Hastings.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_53" href="#FNanchor_53" class="label">[53]</a> These letters were never printed till now.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_54" href="#FNanchor_54" class="label">[54]</a> The late Hon. John Tupton, the amiable colonial -who purchased Marlborough House and made so -great a stir in London some years ago.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_55" href="#FNanchor_55" class="label">[55]</a> Mrs. Tupton, senior, a woman whose heroic -struggles in the face of extreme poverty were a continual -commentary on the awful results of our so-called -perfected Penal System.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_56" href="#FNanchor_56" class="label">[56]</a> There is great doubt upon the exactitude of this. -In his lifetime Tupton often spoke of “the poor tenement -house in New York where I was born,” and in a -letter he alludes to “my birth at sea in the steerage -of a Liner.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_57" href="#FNanchor_57" class="label">[57]</a> This was perhaps the origin of a phrase which -may be found scattered with profusion throughout -Lambkin’s works.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_58" href="#FNanchor_58" class="label">[58]</a> Mr. Lambkin did not give the derivation of this -word.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_59" href="#FNanchor_59" class="label">[59]</a> “Alii igni infamiae vitam alii fugâ dederunt.”—<i>Tacitus, -In Omnes Caesares</i>, I. viii. 7.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_60" href="#FNanchor_60" class="label">[60]</a> The italicised words were omitted in the article.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_61" href="#FNanchor_61" class="label">[61]</a> The full title of the translation is “The Roman -Sandal: Its growth, development and decay. Its -influence on society and its position in the liturgy of -the Western Church.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_62" href="#FNanchor_62" class="label">[62]</a> Nephew of Mr. Child, the former editor; grandson -of Mr. Pilgrim, the founder; and father of the -present editor of <i>Culture</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_63" href="#FNanchor_63" class="label">[63]</a> Mr. Cook criticises this sentence. It is a point -upon which friends may “<i>agréer à différer</i>.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_64" href="#FNanchor_64" class="label">[64]</a> Author of <i>Psychologie de l’Absurde</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_65" href="#FNanchor_65" class="label">[65]</a> Professor of Micro-graphy at Bonn.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_66" href="#FNanchor_66" class="label">[66]</a> This was rather severe, as M. Bischoff had spent -some years in a Maison de Santé.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_67" href="#FNanchor_67" class="label">[67]</a> An example of these occasional difficulties in -style, due to the eagerness of which I have spoken.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_68" href="#FNanchor_68" class="label">[68]</a> The meaning of this sentence is made clear thus: -They (subject) twitted (predicate), with-his-qualifications -(adverbially “how”), over—the—port (adverbially -“where and when”), him (object).</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_69" href="#FNanchor_69" class="label">[69]</a> Mr. Lambkin loved to pass a quiet hour over the -MSS. in the Bodleian, and would quote familiarly the -rare lines of Chaucer, especially, among the mediæval -poets.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_70" href="#FNanchor_70" class="label">[70]</a> This sentence is an admirable example of Lambkin’s -later manner.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_71" href="#FNanchor_71" class="label">[71]</a> Raphael.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_72" href="#FNanchor_72" class="label">[72]</a> P. 347, “The impetuosity of the action ill-suits -with what is known of Lambkin.” It is all very well -for the editor of <i>Great Dead Men</i> to say that this -apologises for the misfortune; that apology does not -excuse the imputation of impetuosity (forsooth!) to a -man whose every gesture was restrained.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_73" href="#FNanchor_73" class="label">[73]</a> Better known perhaps as an author than as a -cleric. He met his end in a shocking manner in a -railway accident. His life was, however, insured, -and he had upon him a copy of <i>Golden Deeds</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_74" href="#FNanchor_74" class="label">[74]</a> Beeker’s <i>A Torch for the Chapell; or the Nonconformists -out-done</i>. Folio, 1663, p. 71.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_75" href="#FNanchor_75" class="label">[75]</a> Referring to the edict on Buttoned Boots of -Romulus Augustulus: a very shameless injustice.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_76" href="#FNanchor_76" class="label">[76]</a> Lambkin lived to see its almost universal adoption: -a result in which he was no mean agent.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_77" href="#FNanchor_77" class="label">[77]</a> “On fair Italia’s storied plains,” Biggin, xii., <i>l.</i> 32.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_78" href="#FNanchor_78" class="label">[78]</a> I am assured by Mr. Venial that this well-known -line originally took shape on Mr. Lambkin’s lips.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_79" href="#FNanchor_79" class="label">[79]</a> This phrase he noticed early in his studies to be -a rhyming catchword, and pronounced it so to the -day of his death.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_80" href="#FNanchor_80" class="label">[80]</a> Hobbes.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_81" href="#FNanchor_81" class="label">[81]</a> Thus M. dè Bissac was the President of the Société -Anonyme des Voitures-fixes.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_82" href="#FNanchor_82" class="label">[82]</a> “Accuracy in the use of negatives,” Mr. Lambkin -would say, “is the test of a scholar.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_83" href="#FNanchor_83" class="label">[83]</a> Changed to “le Destin” in the newspaper.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_84" href="#FNanchor_84" class="label">[84]</a> M. de Bissac was a Catholic, but one of the most -liberal temper. He respected the Pope, but said that -he was led astray by his advisers. He voted every -year for the suppression of public worship in France -and the turning of the churches into local museums. -He was in every way remarkably unprejudiced for a -man of that persuasion. His indefatigable attacks -upon the clergy of his country have earned him the -admiration of part of the whole civilised world.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_85" href="#FNanchor_85" class="label">[85]</a> The phrase is “return to her true self.” It was a -favourite one of Lambkin’s, but is I fear untranslatable. -The French have no such subtle ideas. The -whole sentence was left out in the <i>Horreur</i>, and the -final paragraph began with “Je reste.”</p> - -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter transnote"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="TRANSCRIBERS_NOTE">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE.</h2> - -<p class="left">This eBook makes the following corrections to the printed text:</p> -<ul> -<li>Pg v footnote - <ul> - <li>single ladies</li> - <li>single ladies<span class="u">.</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Table of Contents - <ul> - <li>End of Term</li> - <li>End of Term <span class="u">88</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Table of Contents - <ul> - <li>Mr. Lambkin</li> - <li>Mr. Lambkin <span class="u">132</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 5 - <ul> - <li>the Crumpton’s</li> - <li>the <span class="u">Crumptons</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 13 - <ul> - <li>teutonic gutturals</li> - <li><span class="u">Teutonic</span> gutturals</li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 14 - <ul> - <li>WITH THE ELECTRIC LIGHT</li> - <li>WITH THE ELECTRIC LIGHT<span class="u">”</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 28 - <ul> - <li>our analusis</li> - <li>our <span class="u">analysis</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 47 - <ul> - <li>from Ennius to Sidonius Appollinaris</li> - <li>from Ennius to Sidonius <span class="u">Apollinaris</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 57 - <ul> - <li>transforms without metamorphysis</li> - <li>transforms without <span class="u">metamorphosis</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 63 footnote - <ul> - <li>London and the Estuary</li> - <li>London and the Estuary<span class="u">.</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 71 footnote - <ul> - <li>never printed till now</li> - <li>never printed till now<span class="u">.</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 98 footnote - <ul> - <li>o me years in a Maison</li> - <li><span class="u">some</span> years in a Maison</li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 121 - <ul> - <li>In there no way</li> - <li><span class="u">Is</span> there no way</li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 129 - <ul> - <li>si nous etions pas pour l’empecher</li> - <li>si nous <span class="u">étions</span> pas pour l’empecher<span class="u">.</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 129 - <ul> - <li>les militarisme et clericalisme</li> - <li>les militarisme et <span class="u">cléricalisme</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 133 - <ul> - <li>position of parties?”</li> - <li>position of parties?<span class="u">’</span>”</li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 136 - <ul> - <li>“Physiology of the Elephant</li> - <li>“Physiology of the Elephant<span class="u">”</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 136 - <ul> - <li>‘Not at al!,’</li> - <li>‘Not at al<span class="u">l</span>!,’</li> - </ul> -</li> -<li>Pg 137 - <ul> - <li>Whitcomb St. W.C</li> - <li>Whitcomb St. W.C<span class="u">.</span></li> - </ul> -</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAMBKIN'S REMAINS ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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