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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0215a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65033 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65033) diff --git a/old/65033-0.txt b/old/65033-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9d81d8d..0000000 --- a/old/65033-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1304 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black, by -Leonard Black - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black - A Fugitive from Slavery - -Author: Leonard Black - -Release Date: April 09, 2021 [eBook #65033] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Nick Wall, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was - produced from scanned images of public domain material from - the Google Books project.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD -BLACK *** - -THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD BLACK, A FUGITIVE FROM SLAVERY. - -WRITTEN BY HIMSELF. - -NEW BEDFORD: PRESS OF BENJAMIN LINDSEY. 1847. - - - - -NOTICE. - - -Doubts having been expressed upon sundry matters connected with the -following little narrative, Mr. Black has requested me to say a few -words concerning its authorship and claims to belief. - -The book was written substantially by Mr. Black himself, but, in -consequence of his deficiency of education--growing out of the -fact that his childhood and youth were spent in slavery--it needed -considerable correction to fit it for the press. This work was -kindly performed, gratuitously, by a friend of the author, who was, -however, very careful to preserve the narrative as nearly unchanged -as possible--confining himself mostly to punctuating, correcting the -orthography, striking out unnecessary words and sentences, &c. &c. - -I am well acquainted with Mr. Black, and have the fullest confidence -in the truth of his narrative, as has the friend who assisted him in -preparing it for the press, and, indeed, every one who knows him. - -A. M. MACY. - -Nantucket, October 30th, 1847. - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -In putting this little volume before the public, it is well, perhaps, -that I should speak of my motive. - -Born and reared in slavery, I was, of course, deprived of education; -and believing that I can be of service to the public in the ministry, -I have published this account of my life and sufferings, with the hope -that I might realize a sufficient sum from its sale, to enable me to -procure a greater degree of education, thereby increasing my usefulness -as a preacher. - -With this simple statement I present myself to the humane, in the hope -that I may not appeal in vain. - -LEONARD BLACK. - -April, 1847. - - - - -LIFE AND SUFFERINGS - -OF - -LEONARD BLACK. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - - -It is my object to give to the reader a plain, simple narrative of the -more interesting portion of my life, while in slavery. - -I was born in Annarundel County, State of Maryland, about sixty miles -below Baltimore, and lived a slave more than twenty years. My old -master was a physician, but I think it prudent to withhold his name. -No one, who has always enjoyed the right of liberty, can realize the -horrors of slavery. To be at the will of another, to be _owned_ like -a cow or horse, and liable at any moment to be sold to the highest -bidder, to be transported to a distant part of the country, leaving -the dearest relatives behind; to be, in fine, ground down mentally and -physically by the untold curses of slavery, may be a very pretty thing -to the masters of the “peculiar institution,” but it is death to the -slaves. - -After more than twenty years of bondage, God delivered me from it, with -a strong hand and an outstretched arm, as he did Israel of old. - -As near as I can remember, my mother and sister were sold and taken -to New Orleans, leaving four brothers and myself behind. We were all -placed out. At six years of age I was placed with a Mr. Bradford, -separated from my father, mother and family. But the eye of God was -upon me, and blessed me. My master was a carpenter, and much from -home--Mrs. Bradford beat me so much that her husband sent me to his -father’s. Mrs. Bradford ordered me one day to take a bushel of corn -up stairs; but I was unable to do it, upon which she knocked me -down with the johnny-cake board, cutting my head so badly that it -bled more than a quart. It was then that I thought of my mother. My -little friends--who have your liberty, and the protecting hand of -parents--these are some of the fruits of slavery; let your hearts warm -with gratitude to the great Giver of all good, for the blessings you -enjoy. Mrs. Bradford had a son about ten years old; she used to make -him beat me and spit in my face. Here I was, a poor slave boy, without -father or mother to take my part. - -At the end of two years, Mrs. Bradford beat me so much, that her -husband, fearing she would kill me, placed me at his father’s, where I -remained until the death of the old gentleman. But old Mr. Bradford was -worse than Mrs. Bradford! He had been a professor of religion, a class -leader in the Methodist Church, but at this time he was a backslider; -yea, a wanderer from God, and as cold as though he had never been -warmed by the vivifying power of the religion of Jesus Christ. - -I lived in this family seven and a half years, and when I left I was -thirteen years old. During this time I had no hat, no pantaloons, but -one pair of shoes, and wore a lindsey slip only. I was not allowed -to sit down while I ate my meals. For my breakfast I had a pint of -pot liquor, half a herring, and a little piece of bread. Whether this -would stay the cravings of a young appetite or not, there was no more -to be had. For my dinner I had a pint of pot liquor, and the skin off -of the pork. I must say as the colored people say at the south, when -singing to cheer their hearts while under the burning sun, and the -crack of the whip, remembering what is placed before them every day for -food--“My old master is a hard-hearted man; he eats the meat, and gives -poor nigger bones.” At night I had a bit of bread for my supper, and -a piece of carpet for my bed, spread down on the hearth, winter and -summer. In the winter, when the fire got low, I used to burn my feet by -getting them into the embers. - -My work, in the winter time, was to fetch wood from the swamp up to the -house. Being without shoes or hat, and thinly clad, I used to go into -the house to warm myself. When in the house for this purpose, at one -time, old Mr. Bradford followed me in, and said: “If you want to be -warmed, I’ll warm you.” He took the tongs, heated them in the fire, and -branded my legs; and the scars are there to this day. I could not sit -down in consequence of the wound. He whipped me also, and used to put -my head under the fence. - -Christians! I beseech you, do not become backsliders; especially -slave-holding Christians! for the terrible effects of backsliding, -slave-holding Christianity are awfully developed in my history! - -Shortly after this, the death of this man delivered me from his hands. -I rejoiced. God only knows whether he went to perdition. With all my -heart I have forgiven him. I expect to meet him at the bar of God with -the scars and the tongs. Farewell, Mr. Bradford! But this is not all. -He left all his property to his daughter Elizabeth; and her brother -Nathan, a tax-gatherer, was overseer of the farm for her. One year -after her father’s death, Elizabeth got married to Wm. Gardener, a -gentleman from Baltimore, a member of the Methodist Church. I then -thought I should have a good master. But oh, my soul! it was worse and -worse! All is not gold that shines, nor silver that glitters. He had -not been married a great while before my heart beat and my feet burned. -He was a collier, engaged in burning charcoal, and used to draw it to -the village landing, and sometimes to Baltimore. - -One day he left me twenty-five bushels of coal to draw. By being -broken of my rest the night previous, engaged in watching the coal pit, -I was tired and sleepy. When I had drawn all the coal out, supposing -I had put the fire out, I laid down to rest my weary limbs. The coal -burned up. Mr. Gardner came into the woods where I lay asleep, hallooed -and scared me up; he struck me with the shovel, and cut my head so that -I knew nothing for two days. I was so weak from the loss of blood, that -he was compelled to carry me home on his shoulders, covering himself -with blood. His wife was very much alarmed. We were about a mile from -home, and he told me not to speak of it. - -At another time, he cut my head with a hoe handle, so that altogether -I was sick for a long time. Mr. Gardner had a very quick temper, and -would strike me with anything he happened to have in his hand, reckless -of consequences. - -One day, Eliza (a slave girl of his,) and myself, went into the -water-melon patch, procured a melon and ate it. We were compelled to -this by the promptings of hunger, for the living had not altered since -the death of Mr. Bradford. Eliza was about eighteen years of age. -For that offence, our cruel master stripped us and tied us both up -together, and whipped us till the blood ran down on the ground in a -puddle. - -When I was sick, he used to send me into the place where they smoked -meat, for fear I should vomit on the floor. On Wednesdays, there were -meetings in the meeting-house, and Mr. Gardner used to make me stay -away from the house, for the minister would come home with him, and he -was fearful I should tell him of his cruel treatment. He did not say as -Hagar of old--“Thou, God, seest me.” - -One day he sent me to drive the horse from the peach tree. The horse -kicked me in the head, and I was laid up six months. My head was -sewed up; and I also received a great many knocks in the side, from -the effects of which I have not yet recovered! On one occasion, he -struck me in the mouth with an iron-toothed rake, which knocked out -one of my front teeth. All this time, my more fortunate reader, I was -a poor slave boy, with no one to pity me, with no parents to take my -part. I had no father; no mother! But God pitied me. The eye of the -all-merciful God, without whose notice not a sparrow falls to the -ground, was upon me. He it was that bore my feeble spirit up, when my -lacerated and quivering frame was writhing under the God-defying curse -of slavery. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - - -In the midst of all this trouble and gloom, my heart was made glad by -learning that my old master had come to take me home, at the expiration -of thirteen years. Mr. Gardner and my old master had a long talk about -me, for I was a miserable looking object with burnt feet. I bade Mr. -Gardner good bye, and expect to meet him at the judgment seat, when -slave and master appear before the great Judge of all, with equal -rights. - -My old master took me to Baltimore, where we arrived in two days. He -asked me if I wanted a hat. I had never had one, and received one which -cost twenty-five cents as joyfully as though it had cost eight dollars. -We were then twenty-two miles from home. The old man asked me if I ever -drank brandy. I said no. He said it was a good thing, and when I saw -him drunk, I might get so too. But I could not get spirit if I wanted -it ever so much, though I saw him drink many glasses, and have known -him to have a barrel of whiskey at one time. - -We left Baltimore, and arrived at our home. When I saw my four -brothers, who had been so long separated from me, I felt as I think -Joseph felt when he saw his brethren, though I knew nothing of the -history of Joseph at that time. Surely I was glad to see my brothers, -but yet I was a slave--being with them did not make mo a free man. I -was yet bowed down and crushed by the cruel spirit of slavery. - -They were about to run away at the time of my arrival; but I knew -nothing of it. Six months, or about that time after, I joined them. -Three of my oldest brothers went away, leaving one of my brothers and -myself behind. This brother is still a slave. I heard from him in -1846. We were left behind because we were not able to travel. They -left ten years before I did, but in relation to those ten years I will -remain silent. I was the youngest of the five brothers. My old master -had a very bad wife, and she made him much worse than he would have -been without her. She made him beat me without cause, and when it -answered no purpose. During those awful ten years we had not enough -to eat, and were beaten shamefully. Most of the time we had bean soup -for breakfast, dinner and supper--a pint at each meal. When we had -potatoes, we were without bread. Such was our fare; and whether hungry -or satisfied, we had no addition to it. We were poor slaves; and the -great object in feeding slaves is doubtless the same as it is with -cattle and horses, to keep them in good working order, or saleable -condition. Of course, if the health of the slave is not permanently -injured, the nearer to the starvation point the master can keep the -slave, the more it is for his interest; and who, that casts his eye -back through the dark, bloody track of slavery, does not perceive that -the masters have acted up to their interest? We sometimes had cider; -occasionally some meat and milk, as it might happen. - -We remembered what our brothers told us--when we were able to run -away, to try it on some favorable Sunday. The old man would let us go -to meeting on Sunday at the village, but if we were not at home by -sundown, the cowhide paid the debt. We were slaves yet, and the old man -grew poorer and poorer the older he grew, and withal cross, much to our -discomfort. He had a wife like king Herod, and like Ahab, for we read -that Beelzebub stirred up Ahab to work evil in the sight of the Lord. - -Finally the old lady teased her husband to put my brother Nick out; and -he let him out for ten dollars a month. I was at home with two women -and a boy to carry on the farm, and we saw hard times. The old man had -a son, a preacher. At times he came home, but he could not help our -case. I was anxious to learn to read. My master had two sons who went -to school, and four unmarried daughters. One Sunday a gentleman came to -our house; I held his horse, and he gave me a sixpenny bit, with which -I bought a book, and tried to learn to read. I had it but a week, when -the old man saw it in my bosom, and made inquiry as to what it was. He -said, “You son of a b--h, if I ever know you to have a book again, I -will whip you half to death.” He took the book from me, and burnt it! -What could I do? I was a slave; and the mind which God had given me, -in common with my brethren with white skins to be enlightened, must -be kept darkened, and remain in ignorance, to suit the policy of the -“peculiar institution.” - -I omitted to mention that Mr. Buk came to see Miss Jane, one of the -unmarried daughters, at the time he gave me the piece of money. The -same attraction drew him there again, and he then gave me eleven pence, -with which I purchased a larger book, thirsting for that knowledge -which was denied me; but I had not had this book over a week before my -master found it out; and he then made me sick of books by beating me -like a dog. He whipped me so very severely that he overcame my thirst -for knowledge, and I relinquished its pursuit until after I absconded. -He took my book from me, and gave it to his son--so it seems the white -man’s son must have the means of education, even if stolen from the -slave. I could do nothing; but the all-merciful Father, who regards -MAN as MAN, whatever may be the injustice and oppression to which he -is subjected, watched over and guided me with his parental eye through -all the soul-sickening, heart-rending trials of a gloomy bondage. I can -prove by the scriptures that slave-holders are worse than the devil, -for it is written in St. James, “Resist the devil, and he will flee -from you;” but if you undertake to resist the slave-holder, he will -hold you the tighter. - -I knew a man who thought it too cruel to whip his slaves, but he -stripped them naked, tied them to a board, (one end of which was on the -fence, the other on the ground,) and then drew a cat by her tail down -their backs. Of course the claws of the cat sunk deeply into the flesh, -for at such a time a cat will resist this retrograde movement to the -extent of her strength. Then he would ask the poor slave if it hurt. -The reply was, “Oh! pray, master, oh! pray, master, don’t.” - -When in slavery I experienced a hope in Christ, from the 8th verse of -the 23d chapter of Matthew,[A] “Give us of your oil, for our lamps have -gone out.” It was one year before I had evidence that my heart was -changed. This was in the year 1836. I was awakened by the Holy Spirit -of God, by its divine influence operating on my mind, and the words, -“Give me of your oil,” rang in my ears continually; but I strove hard -against the spirit, to shake off these feelings, yet at the end of -this year I was brought to submit to the will of God. I beheld myself -a justly condemned sinner before God. I felt bound to give myself up -to Him; and obtained a pardon for my sins--and to-day I am struggling -to make my peace, my calling and election sure. The word of that poor -unreleased slave has proved unto me the power and wisdom of God, and -to-day I am trying to preach Christ to the inhabitants of Nantucket. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[A] I experienced a hope under a slave man. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - - -My brother Nicholas said, that our brothers recommended to him and -myself to run away when we were old enough. We used to talk this over. -When God had opened my eyes, I grew very uneasy reflecting upon the -condition of my brothers, who were enjoying their liberty in a land of -freedom. I wanted also to be free. I resolved to be free. I made up my -mind to run away in the year 1837. When I ran away, my brother Nicholas -was not at home; but I was determined to go. I was so intimate with a -man named Henry, one of my acquaintances, that I told him I was about -to run away. He said he would run with me--but he proved a Judas, and -betrayed me. We were to start on Monday night. At this time we lived -at the village. The pasture in which our horses were kept was half a -mile from the village. Henry told me he would meet me there at half -past seven. I tied up all my clothes in a bundle, expecting to start. -I waited till after eight o’clock for Henry, but he did not come. I -started to go back after him, when, behold! I saw my old master, his -two sons, and many other people looking for me. The moon shone very -bright--the old man was bare-headed; his head was very white; his -spectacles were put back upon his head, and I could see them glisten -by the light of the moon. The only reason the old man did not see me -was because he was near-sighted, and forgot to pull his spectacles down -over his eyes. His two sons were standing in the road where I was to -run, and five or six other persons on the watch for me; and my heart -was in my mouth. Said I, “Oh! Lord, what shall I do!” I dropped down -on my hands and feet, and ran half a mile through the grass. I left my -bundle of clothing and three dollars in money which I had been working -for, for some time. All the money I had with me was 75 cents; that a -Quaker gentleman gave me that afternoon. I had told this gentleman that -I was going to run away that night, and he told me which way to start -to get clear. I started for Boston. I travelled all that night. The -next morning I came out in a road opposite a tavern, where two roads -crossed, and I knew not which to take. I took the east. I was 35 miles -from home. The tavern keeper was standing at the door. It was about -sunrise. He told me I had the wrong road. I came back to him, supposing -I had met with a friend. Said he, “Do you want some breakfast?” “Yes, -sir, if you please,” I replied. “Come in, and sit down, and you shall -have some,” he continued. “No, sir,” said I, “I thank you; I will sit -upon the steps.” “No,” said the Georgia man, “come in; we will have -breakfast pretty soon, and we will all sit down together.” “No, sir, -I thank you, I would as soon sit here;” for I thought he was most too -kind to be honest; the Quaker man having told me to avoid Georgia men. -When he found I would not come in, he took hold of my collar, but I -threw him down, for I was resolved to whip the devil out of the way, -if possible. After he was down, I ran for my life. There was a colored -man bringing a pail of water. He cried out to him to stop me; but I -told the colored man if he attempted to trouble me I would knock him -down. I jumped over a fence, and the Georgia man after me; but I saw -no more of the colored man. The white man struck me in the side with a -stone, and run me about a mile. I recovered from the blow of the stone, -so that I could run a little faster. God gave me strength to fight for -my life. The white man fought me, and I fought him with any thing that -came handy, with fists and with stones. I told him he might kill me or -I would kill him. Finally, I whipped him. There was a Dutchman and his -two sons sawing plank in a grist mill. He said, “Glory in your spunk, -my man;” and when I had whipped the man he started back after dogs -and hounds. Said the Dutchman, “Run for your life, for there are two -Georgia men in my house.” I knew them well; they were acquaintances of -my master’s. Their names were Joshua and Nathan Retlidge, traders. - -When I heard the dogs and hounds coming after me, I said, “My God! what -shall I do!” for I knew they would put them on my track. I was about -to give up, and wished I had never started. However, I climbed up a -tree, and in the providence of God, the hounds scared up a rabbit. At -the howling of the dogs, I trembled like a leaf, and knew not what -to do. The hounds drew nearer and nearer; the rabbit came under the -tree where I was, and, through the will of an over-ruling Providence, -they all passed by, and I was safely delivered out of their hands. It -was about eight o’clock in the morning when I climbed the tree. I was -hungry and wet with dew. I staid in the tree till about five o’clock -in the afternoon. They hunted the woods pretty well, but they did not -find me. My words are inadequate to express my joyful feelings at my -deliverance. God alone could know my feelings. - -I then started for Boston. Then, as now, God alone was my only hope. -I travelled a number of days without eating any thing, under great -anxiety to see Boston. One morning I met a colored man named George. He -was running away, and had got lost. He was from Richmond, Virginia. He -asked my name. I told him; and we travelled a number of days together. -We called into a shop where we thought no one would harm us, and got -something to eat. Thus, under the guidance of Providence, we proceeded -along. We came to a farmer’s house, and we let ourselves out each to -a farmer for $13 a month, our object being to get money to defray our -expenses. - -George grew uneasy. He staid only two weeks--was fearful his master -would overtake him. He started for New York, but reached only as far as -Brunswick, 16 miles from where he started, and, as I heard, was taken -up, put in jail, and carried back. - -I began to grow uneasy. One morning I asked the farmer for whom I -worked for $4. He gave me that sum. We went to breakfast. I ate -quickly, and cleared. I have not seen him since. I crossed the fields, -missed the bridge, and came to a creek, over which I had to swim. I -came out into the road. A man in a gig overtook me and inquired who I -was, and where I was going. I told him to New Brunswick. He inquired -who I knew. I named the individual I had lived with. He went to his -house, and I took to the woods, and did not come out again until I -reached New Brunswick. I got there about dusk--saw a colored man with a -pail, and inquired of him the way to New York. “Stand here,” said he, -“until I come back.” But it is a hard thing to catch a weasel asleep. -So when he was out of sight, I vanished also. I went to the car bridge; -the man would not let me go across. I went under the bridge and staid -there till the cars arrived; and when the gate opened I passed, and -bade New Brunswick good bye. - -I then proceeded on to New York. I travelled until one o’clock in the -morning, though it was cold and frosty. While lying asleep, there -came a drove of hogs. In hunting for acorns, they turned me over. I -was alarmed, supposing my pursuers had overtaken me. I jumped up and -started again, chilled with cold, travelled two hours, and lay down by -the side of a hay-stack. - -I arose about day-break. The next place I reached was Elizabethtown. -In going through this town, a man accosted me, saying, “I think I -know your countenance.” “No,” said I, “I know nothing about you.” He -inquired whence I came, and whither I was going; and I told him I was -from home and for New York. I left him, and made my way for Newark. -When I got there I was very hungry, for I had eaten nothing since I -left the farm-house. I went into a bake-shop, and bought eleven pence -worth of bread. The loaf was a pretty large one, and I commenced -eating, but soon felt sick, laid down in the swamp, rested, and started -again. - -I met some Irishmen who were working on the rail road, and I thought -every moment I should be killed. One of them asked me where I was -going, for what purpose, and when I should return. I told him I was -going to New York to buy some things, and should return the same -afternoon or next morning. He inquired whether I should return by -the same route, and I replied “Yes.” He said “Very well,” to which I -responded. I looked so bad I suppose he thought strange, for I had on -the same clothes I started with. I proceeded on, came to the ferry, -and crossed over to New York. Near the ferry there was a stable, and a -man sitting by it. We bade each other good morning, and I inquired the -road to Canada. He told me I must go to New York in order to get to -Canada. “Why do you wish to go to Canada?” said he. I told him I had -relations there. I did not then know whether my brother who ran away -before me was in Boston or Canada. Discovering he had a disposition -to question me, I said, “I guessed I would go to New York, get some -clothes, and go back home.” He wished me to come into the stable, and -sit down while he went to the house to get a coat, which he offered to -sell me. I declined his offer, and told him I would as soon stand. He -started off, whether in pursuit of the coat or somebody to detain me, I -do not know, for I left immediately. I paid the ferryman a five-penny -bit, and crossed to New York. No questions were put to me on board the -ferry-boat. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - - -When I landed, I inquired of a boy whether there was any boat that -run to the State of Boston. I was so ignorant I knew not whether -Boston was a State or city. In fact, I scarcely knew there was such a -place. Slavery is as ill adapted for obtaining this kind of knowledge -as all other kinds. He informed me the boat went to Providence, and -showed me the way to the boat. I purchased a bosom and dickey, went on -board of the boat, and stowed myself away among the bales of cotton, -where I remained until we were a considerable distance from New York. -I then felt like a FREE MAN, and walked the deck with the rest of -the passengers. I had but little money, and wanted to save it; so I -inquired of the engineer if I could work my passage to Providence. He -said “Yes,” and set me to work. I worked out the first watch of the -night, and he then told me I might go to sleep. I laid down on the -cotton. The man came round and demanded my ticket. I told him I had -none, that I had been working half of the night. Said he, “That I know -nothing about. You must go to the office and settle your fare.” He said -the fare was $3, and he could give me no ticket. I thought hard of it, -but it was of no use to have any further conversation. - -I got to Providence on Sunday morning. My money was all gone. There I -was, without friends, victuals or money. I inquired of a man if there -was such a place as Boston, and how far it was. He said 40 miles. I -started, and took the rail road. I walked all day Sunday, and about -nine o’clock came to a farmer’s house. I knocked at the door; a lady -came, and inquired what I wanted. I asked her if she would please give -me something to eat, for I was very hungry. She invited me in; she -went to the pump, got a cup of water, and gave me a crust of brown -bread, from which the inside had been taken. As she gave it to me in -the name of a disciple, she shall receive a disciple’s reward. By this -time, the old gentleman came in. “How do you do, my man?” said he. -“How do you do, sir?” said I. He inquired of me where I was from, when -I left, and where I was going; and I gave him the information. After -sitting awhile, he inquired if I would like to lie down. I told him I -was very tired, and he took me to the barn and gave me liberty to rest -there for the night. I said nothing, but went in. I was afraid of him; -for he had on a blue frock, and, never having seen any one with such a -frock on, I supposed he was a Turk. About 3 o’clock next morning I got -up and started for Boston, being afraid to stay there any longer. - -I reached Boston at noon on Monday, and inquired for my brothers; but -nobody knew anything about them. Finally, I met with a colored lady -by the name of Sarah Taylor, the wife of John R. Taylor. I asked her -if she knew any thing about my brothers. She said a George Black had -passed through Boston, and lived in Portland. She said, “Come home with -me, for I perceive you have been a slave.” I went and boarded with her -for $3 a week. I got a gentleman to write to Portland to Mr. George -Black, the man I thought was my brother. He supposed I was one of his -brothers, he having three brothers in the West Indies. He invited me -to come to Portland, and offered to pay my fare. I was very ragged and -dirty. Mrs. Taylor wrapped me up in Mr. Taylor’s cloak, and sent me to -Portland. Mr. Black sent down his man to the steamboat to get my trunk; -but instead of having a trunk, I had scarcely any clothes to my back. -When I saw Mr. Black, and found he was not my brother, I was very sad; -and he was disappointed. He said he knew nothing of my brothers--had -never seen them. He talked with me much about slavery, and I unfolded -to him my history, and that of others. Mr. Black was very kind to me, -indeed, and did all in his power to render me happy. Mrs. Black, his -wife, was more than a mother to me, and the whole family were very -kind to me. I married Mr. Black’s daughter. I could not go to church -the first Sunday after my arrival, for I was ragged and dirty. The -following week, Mrs. Black and her daughter made me some clothes. I -had been there but a short time when Mr. Black sent me to school. I -went to school that winter, and learned very fast. Mr. Black charged me -nothing for my board that winter. When near spring, Mr. Black sent me -up to Bridgetown, 34 miles from Portland, to live with Major Purley, a -farmer. Mr. Purley gave me $10 a month, and was anxious for me to go -to school; but I told him no. I owed Mr. Black, and wanted to get some -clothes, and could not spare the time. - -At length George Ropes wrote me from Portland, to come and live with -him. I went there, and boarded with Mr. Black. I was engineer for Mr. -Ropes in the steam factory, and lived with him one season; and when the -Rev. Mr. Black removed to Boston to be settled over the Belknap-street -Church, I accompanied him. The reason why I removed to Boston with Mr. -Black, was because I had fallen in love with his daughter. I trust -this reason will be deemed ample by all those who have experienced -the tender workings of this mysterious passion. Only a few months -after my return to Boston, I married Mr. Black’s daughter, though -young and poor; and I am still poor. I had four children, one of whom -is deceased. I lived at service in Boston. Sometimes I worked on the -wharves. But I was in an unsettled state, being under the impression -that I should preach the Gospel. I firstly derived these impressions -in Boston, and they have not left me. I was baptized before I left -Portland, by the Rev. Mr. Burroughs, who is now in his grave. I joined -the Belknap street Church while Mr. Black was pastor. I lived there -five years: then I found Boston was not the place for me, for its -vanities and maxims were not suited to my disposition. I prepared to -live in the country, for I had a desire to be diligent in business, -fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. I began to think of perishing -souls, and the cause of God laid near my heart. I felt that God had a -claim upon me, that I was not my own master; but I struggled against -these impressions, for I was inadequate, unlearned and unprepared. I -could say as said Jeremiah, “Behold, I cannot speak, for I am a child; -but the Lord said unto me, Say not thou art a child, for thou shalt go -to all to whom I shall send thee, and whatever I command thee, thou -shalt do;” Jer. i:6-7. And I said as Moses did, “I am slow of speech -and of a slow tongue;” Exod. iv:10. My call was now unto the sons of -men. The time had arrived for me to leave Boston. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - - -I left my family in Boston, and went to Providence, R. I., to live with -President Wayland. While living with Dr. Wayland, I tried to improve -my mind, and it gives me pleasure to state, that that gentleman did -all in his power to assist me. I connected myself with the Rev. Mr. -Ashur’s Church in Providence, and had a bible class, being as active -as possible in the Sabbath School. After being connected with Brother -Ashur’s Church a short time, he invited me to officiate for him one -Sunday morning, as he knew I was accustomed to exhort when in Boston. - -I left Dr. Wayland and went to work with Mr. Andrew, a stone mason, -and continued to work for him while he had employment for me. In this -time, I had moved my family from Boston to Providence. Finally, I told -the brethren and pastor of the church that God had called me to the -work of the ministry. They agreed to give me a hearing. They did so, -and appointed a committee to see me; and the result was, the brethren -thought I was not called to preach--“that Brother Black had better wait -awhile longer.” Dr. Wayland thought I had not learning enough to preach. - -I know that I am of a slow tongue, and unlearned; but what says the -prophet Zachariah? “Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith -the Lord of hosts. Who art thou, O great mountain? before Zerubbabel -thou shalt become a plain; and he shall bring forth the head stone -thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it;” iv:6, 7. - -At length I got discouraged, let myself out to Mr. Foster in -Providence, and run in his canal boat from Providence to Woonsocket. -The few books I had I carried to auction, and almost gave up in -despair; for some of the brethren were looking upon me with a frown -and dark looks. I knew I was a poor unlearned fugitive. I had given -up the idea of preaching, nor did I wish to hear about it, and was -sorry I mentioned it to the brethren or any one else. So I went to the -canal boat, working for $12 a month, having a family to support. But -oh! Lord! my trouble had not come. Mr. Foster was a kind man. I had -worked on the canal about three weeks, when I met with a sad accident. -We arrived at Woonsocket one night with a load of coal; it began to -rain, and rained all the next day. The captain said we must get up at -2 o’clock the next morning, and carry the boat up through the lock, -for the current ran so hard when the factory started, it was difficult -getting up. The coal was going to Waterford, one mile from Woonsocket. -When I mounted the horse to return, it being very dark, and raining -very hard, the horse started before I was fairly upon his back; his -hind legs gave way, he fell backwards on me, and broke my leg. While -I was struggling with the horse upon me, words came unto me like -these--“This is for your disobedience.” My companions were a little way -behind, and they heard me haloo. The horse in struggling to get clear, -cut my face with his foot. I was hurt so badly that my wife had to feed -me with a tea-spoon. The men came up and got the horse off of me, and -I was not aware my leg was broken until I started to run. It was about -four o’clock in the morning. They laid me on the horse, and carried me -back to the tavern; but oh! the pain, the misery I was in. It rained -hard, and they were all asleep at the tavern; so that I remained -exposed to the rain some time. They sent for the doctor immediately, -but he did not arrive until nine o’clock, and then set my leg. The -owner of the tavern sent me home in a carriage, a distance of nineteen -miles, where we arrived at sundown. - -My folks thought I was dead. The moment the carriage drew up to the -door, they took me out, carried me into the house, and laid me on a bed. - -My distress of body was very great, and the anguish of my mind was -extreme--for I had but little victuals in the house, was without -money, and there was about to be an increase in my family. My wife was -unwell, and I was laid prostrate on the bed. Then the saying of the -apostle Paul came fresh to my mind--“In every thing give thanks, for -this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you;” Thes. v:18. -At first, I could see no place where I could give thanks. The streams -of livelihood were dried up, and the hand of Providence was closed, it -seemed to me. I had no income save my daily labor. I was a stranger in -that community, but in reflecting on Him whose kindness tempers the -wind to the shorn lamb, I had reason to be thankful; first, that both -legs were not broken; second, that my arms were whole; and last and -greatest, that God had spared my life to see my family once more. - -Not many days after, the hand of Providence was directed to my house. -Unexpected stores were opened to my relief. President Wayland and other -benevolent individuals, ladies and gentlemen, remembered me in their -kindness. While I was confined to my couch, the scenes of by-gone -ages passed in review. I remembered the vow I had made to God. My -eyes gushed out with tears. I could say then as did David of old--“I -found trouble and sorrow; then called I upon the name of the Lord.” I -found the Lord my refuge and strength, a present help in trouble. I -said it was better to have a broken leg in a land of freedom, than to -have sound limbs under the curse of slavery. While I was musing one -night, and meditating upon God and his providence, I closed my eyes, -and whether asleep or awake I know not, but I viewed a rod at the foot -of my bed, about four feet high. It was wrapped in black and red, and -a smaller rod was lying in the bed with me. The large rod reflected -on the small rod, and the words of John (iii:14,) came to me--“And as -Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, the son of man must be -lifted up.” Then I remembered the words of the Lord, and promised Him -at that hour if he would raise me up again, I would obey His call. In -the course of a few months God raised me up, and I was willing to obey -Him, took my life in my hand, and went out into the wide world as a -lamb in the midst of the wilderness. I trusted that God would be with -me; His rod and His staff would encompass me. - -When I started, I left a wife and two children. I left them in the -care of God. I went a little ways down east, and was gone seven weeks. -Wherever I went, the brethren received me gladly. I returned, but -remained at home but little while, and as I had never seen New Bedford, -I left what little means I had with my family, and started for that -town. When I got there I knew not where to go, for I was a stranger. -I inquired for the Rev. Mr. Allen, the Baptist minister, and also for -the Rev. Mr. Jackson. I stayed at New Bedford a few days; and as I had -heard much said of Nantucket, I wanted to go there. I told Mr. Jackson -I wanted to go to Nantucket, but had no money. He said, “You should -not have left home without money.” “No, sir,” said I, “but I had none -to fetch.” But two wrongs will not make one right. Mr. Jackson gave me -half a dollar, and I obtained some more money among the brethren and -sisters, and took the steamboat for Nantucket. I had yet no license to -preach. I had a letter of recommendation from the pastor of the church -to which I belonged, not only as a brother, but as a beloved brother. - -When I arrived at Nantucket, I inquired for Deacon Berry, of the York -street, Baptist Church, and handed him my letter of recommendation. -They had no preacher. When I went to the church on Sabbath morning, -the house was open for preaching. The fame went abroad that a strange -minister from Providence had arrived. I preached for them that Sabbath -to the best of my ability. I was but a child in the Gospel. - -It was my intention to leave for Providence on the following Tuesday; -but the brethren prevailed on me to stay longer, and I remained several -weeks. The brethren gave me a call, and being young, I accepted it. I -went out to beg money to repair their house of worship, and afterwards -left for Providence. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - - -I will now say something of slavery. I shall say nothing but what I -know to be true. Slavery is a cruel system. The effects of it are -scattered abroad throughout the land. It is the reigning evil of the -country; yea, the mother of all evil. Why is it the mother of all evil? -I answer in the language of Holy Writ, which saith, “Do unto all men -as you would have them do unto you.” It is not done. Again: “Love thy -neighbor as thyself. This is the law and the prophets.” It is not done. -Reader,--where is the slaveholder who would wish his slaves to do to -him as he does to them? There are none. Hence, then, the enormity of -the evil. - -Dear reader: understand one thing. The slaves are taught ignorance -as we teach our children knowledge. They are kept in darkness, and -are borne down under a cruel, cruel oppression! All human rights are -denied them as citizens! They are not recognized as men! My old master -frequently said, “he did not believe a d----d nigger had any soul!” -They are made to undergo everything as a beast. Having a full, perfect, -undeniable right to stand out before God as MEN, the cruel, God-defying -white man, without semblance of right, with no pretence but might, has -prostituted them to the base purpose of his cupidity, and his baser -beastly passions, reducing them to mere things, mere chattels, to be -bought and sold like hogs and sheep! Born, like the white man, to an -individual responsibility to the Father of mercies, the treatment of -the white man to the poor African, unmixed with mercy, has curtained -his mind to all knowledge, aye, even to the knowledge of the God of -heaven and earth, and thus removed from him the accountability! -But, where does this terrible accountability rest? Let the hardened -slave-tyrant, when he stands quivering before the Almighty bar of -retribution, answer this question! Well might Thomas Jefferson remark, -when his deep, penetrating mind was reflecting upon the stupendous -wrongs of slavery, “I tremble for my country, when I remember that God -is just, and that his justice cannot slumber forever?” I appeal, then, -to every rational, intelligent mind, if slavery be not an abomination -in the sight of the Lord. - -It has been said that slaves have no intellect. I deny it. God has -given them minds capable of cultivation. Uncultivated ground will not -bring forth fruit. All the slave requires is cultivation, for he is -possessed of all the qualities of the white man. - -Reader: we have heard of the wisdom of King Solomon, son of David, the -grandson of ancient Jesse. The Queen of Basheba has declared that half -had never been told her. History informs us that Solomon was as black -as black satin, with handsome features and smooth skin. - -I could refer to many of the colored race whose mental endowments are -superior to many of those arrogant white men who abhor a colored man -and pretend to be his superior in knowledge. - -The language of Jesus Christ to his apostles should teach us not to -despise the workmanship of God. “He that despiseth you, despiseth me.” -Do men, I ask, realize the awful evil of slavery? Are they aware of -its terrible calamities? Has it not become so familiar, from its long -existence, as almost to reconcile the tender conscience to its infamous -enormities? It must be so. There is no other mode of accounting for the -fact, that men, good christians in other respects, quietly hold slaves -at the south, while their equally guilty brethren of the north assent -to it, and participate in its profits. - -Should we not remember them that are in bondage as bound with them? Say -not only slaves be obedient to your masters according to the flesh, but -also say, masters, render unto your servants that which is right; and -if that principle were carried out, slavery would be abolished. - -How do the masters teach the slaves ignorance? Having been a slave, -I answer the question. When the master asks the slave, Tom, Harry, -Dick or Bill, “Do you love your master?” he answers, “Yes, massa, I -lub you.” “Come here and get a dram; drink us a treat, you son of a -b...h.” Why does the slave say “Yes, sir?” Because he is afraid to say -any thing else. He is crushed under the iron heel of the slave-tyrant! - -The time is coming when the wrongs of the slave will be redressed. -Yes, the time is coming when their blood will cry unto the Lord for -deliverance. - -It is very customary to magnify the evils of emancipation. It is said -by very many persons that the slaves, if liberated, would become an -idle, vagabond set. This remark, doubtless, is sometimes made in -sincerity; but no doubt it is frequently used as a sort of salve to -quiet the conscience for inaction. It is most unquestionably true that -here and there a case would exist of improvidence, just as they exist -among the white population; but such cases would form the exception, -not the rule. Persons who indulge in such remarks seem entirely -unacquainted with the views and feelings of slaves, and to suppose that -they are utterly incapable of appreciating, even to a small extent, -the blessings and enjoyments of freedom. But this is a mistake, and -operates powerfully on some minds to prevent wholesome action in favor -of the liberation of the slave. It is to be hoped that all true men -and women who are held back from engaging in the cause of the slave -by this consideration, will take pains to examine the subject with -care, ere they yield to this pernicious opinion. As to those who have -better knowledge, and make use of this assumed fact as a scape-goat for -their lethargy, not having independence enough to confess the truth, -I commend them, together with their meanness, to such particles of -conscience as are yet left unscathed by the searing iron of hypocrisy. - -It is further averred, both honestly and for selfish purposes, as in -the case just stated, that the slaves, if liberated, would rush for -the north, overwhelming the workingmen in this region with misery and -despair. This I know to be untrue, both from observation and my own -experience. The climate of the balmy south is much better adapted to -the nature of the colored man, than the more rigorous one of greater -northern latitude. It is not the _south_ we abhor. It is _slavery_ we -abhor. God has made the south and blessed it. Man, in his selfishness, -has cursed it. Remove slavery, and we join hearts and hands with the -south. Give us equal rights. Give us justice. Make us MEN. Give us pay -for our toil, and we will work at the south. - -It is a matter of astonishment that slavery has so long existed, -and yet that its enormities have taken so little hold on a people -professing to be Christians. In a country whose inhabitants dipped -their hands in blood to establish FREEDOM, there are over _two and a -half millions_ of human beings, entitled to all the rights of white -men, held in absolute bondage. Are the people of this nation aware of -this fact? Thousands of times has this awful truth been reiterated in -the ears of American Christians, and yet from the profound indifference -which yet generally exists on the subject, we are led to ask, Do the -people of this nation realize the fact? More than any other nation -on earth we boast of our liberty, our refinement, our advancement -in the arts and sciences, our railroads, our various facilities for -intercommunication, and all the outward appliances to render life -comfortable. We have seized upon the very lightning of Heaven, and -commanded it to bear our messages from one distant point to another -without the intervention of time, literally annihilating all space: -and we not only boast of these things, but we aver in the face of the -abhorrent fact of slavery, that we are the most virtuous nation on -earth! To the enormity of slavery we are, indeed, spiritually dead. -Were slavery about to commence, were we to summon the voters of this -nation to the polls to decide whether two and a half millions of human -beings should be subjected to this bondage, what think you, reader, -would be the result? Can there be a man found who would vote for the -measure, unless indeed the love of money had so blunted all humanity as -to render his better feelings entirely inactive? - -It is in vain for apologists of slavery to defend it by such arguments -as this: They will tell you that the slaves of the south are better -fed and clothed than the colored people of the north. The fact is not -admitted. But, suppose it were a fact. Is man to be considered as a -mere ox, to be bowed up and stall fed? Is he a mere victuals grinder -and clothes horse? Or, has he a higher nature? Has he not a mind -capable of rising higher and higher in all that is expansive, pure and -holy? Has he not within him a spark of pure Divinity, which, when he is -surrounded with high and ennobling influences, is fanned into a light -so bright as to lead us to respond to the glorious truth, Man is indeed -made in the image of his God? - -Do you talk of _selling a man_? You might as well talk of selling -immortality or sunshine! You might as well talk of your right to -monopolise the atmosphere, to determine how much air a man should -breathe, and to retail it out to him by the jaw-full! - -Again, it is said the slave has a maintenance guaranteed to him in old -age, and is thus rendered free from those corroding cares in reference -to his support which wear upon the poor free man. Is this provision of -so high a consequence that men voluntarily submit to slavery? Are the -masters willing to exchange the advantages derived from the unrequited -labor of the slave for a freedom from this guarantee? The slave-holders -of the south cannot make us believe they are so verdant as thus to -have mistaken their interest. Away, then, with the argument that a -God-created MAN should be made a man-created thing! - -American fathers, let me ask _you_, are the _advantages_ of slavery -sufficient to induce _you_ to submit to the terrible wrong of being -separated from _your_ wives and children, and sold to a distant owner? -American mothers, do _you_ desire that _your_ husbands should be torn -from the hearth-stone, and sold from your presence forever? Do you wish -your children snatched from your cradles, knocked off at auction to -the highest bidder, to go away from you forever? If not, then let your -apologies for slavery cease. - -Reader, I take my leave of you, with the fond hope, that the -recuperative moral energies both of the north and the south will soon -herald the dawn of that glorious day when the sweat and blood of the -unfortunate African shall no longer be struck into coin for the use of -the cruel, unrelenting white man. - - -ERRATA.--On page 13, second line from the bottom, for “writing” read -writhing. - - - - -THE TRAVELLING PILGRIM. - - I have no friends, no helper nigh, - But He who heard the raven’s cry; - My father’s house I’ve bid adieu, - And on my journey I pursue. - - My sister wonders where I am, - But I shall not return again; - My sisters, brothers, think it strange - That I should leave my nearest friends. - - But my kind friends I now must leave, - And on my journey I proceed, - To attend an appointment I have made, - To find a place to lay my head. - - And if poor sinners did but know - How much for them I undergo, - They would not treat me with contempt, - Nor curse me when I say “repent.” - - But O! the trials of my heart, - Through rain, through snow, I have to go, - And when I’m called to leave this flesh, - I trust with Jesus Christ to rest. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD -BLACK *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<table style='min-width:0; padding:0; margin-left:0; border-collapse:collapse'> - <tr><td>Title:</td><td>The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black</td></tr> - <tr><td></td><td>A Fugitive from Slavery</td></tr> -</table> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Leonard Black</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: April 09, 2021 [eBook #65033]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Nick Wall, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Books project.)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD BLACK ***</div> - -<div class="center"><img src="images/front.jpg" alt="title page" /></div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE <br />LIFE AND SUFFERINGS <br />OF <br />LEONARD BLACK, <br />A FUGITIVE FROM SLAVERY.</h1> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p class="bold">WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.</p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p class="bold">NEW BEDFORD: <br />PRESS OF BENJAMIN LINDSEY. <br />1847.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p> - -<h2>NOTICE.</h2> - -<p>Doubts having been expressed upon sundry matters connected with the -following little narrative, Mr. Black has requested me to say a few -words concerning its authorship and claims to belief.</p> - -<p>The book was written substantially by Mr. Black himself, but, in -consequence of his deficiency of education—growing out of the -fact that his childhood and youth were spent in slavery—it needed -considerable correction to fit it for the press. This work was -kindly performed, gratuitously, by a friend of the author, who was, -however, very careful to preserve the narrative as nearly unchanged -as possible—confining himself mostly to punctuating, correcting the -orthography, striking out unnecessary words and sentences, &c. &c.</p> - -<p>I am well acquainted with Mr. Black, and have the fullest confidence -in the truth of his narrative, as has the friend who assisted him in -preparing it for the press, and, indeed, every one who knows him.</p> - -<p class="right">A. M. MACY.</p> - -<p>Nantucket, October 30th, 1847.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> - -<h2>INTRODUCTION.</h2> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p>In putting this little volume before the public, it is well, perhaps, -that I should speak of my motive.</p> - -<p>Born and reared in slavery, I was, of course, deprived of education; -and believing that I can be of service to the public in the ministry, -I have published this account of my life and sufferings, with the hope -that I might realize a sufficient sum from its sale, to enable me to -procure a greater degree of education, thereby increasing my usefulness -as a preacher.</p> - -<p>With this simple statement I present myself to the humane, in the hope -that I may not appeal in vain.</p> - -<p class="right">LEONARD BLACK.</p> - -<p>April, 1847. </p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> - -<p class="bold2">LIFE AND SUFFERINGS</p> - -<p class="bold">OF</p> - -<p class="bold2">LEONARD BLACK.</p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<h2>CHAPTER I.</h2> - -<p>It is my object to give to the reader a plain, simple narrative of the -more interesting portion of my life, while in slavery.</p> - -<p>I was born in Annarundel County, State of Maryland, about sixty miles -below Baltimore, and lived a slave more than twenty years. My old -master was a physician, but I think it prudent to withhold his name. -No one, who has always enjoyed the right of liberty, can realize the -horrors of slavery. To be at the will of another, to be <i>owned</i> like -a cow or horse, and liable at any moment to be sold to the highest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> -bidder, to be transported to a distant part of the country, leaving -the dearest relatives behind; to be, in fine, ground down mentally and -physically by the untold curses of slavery, may be a very pretty thing -to the masters of the “peculiar institution,” but it is death to the -slaves.</p> - -<p>After more than twenty years of bondage, God delivered me from it, with -a strong hand and an outstretched arm, as he did Israel of old.</p> - -<p>As near as I can remember, my mother and sister were sold and taken -to New Orleans, leaving four brothers and myself behind. We were all -placed out. At six years of age I was placed with a Mr. Bradford, -separated from my father, mother and family. But the eye of God was -upon me, and blessed me. My master was a carpenter, and much from -home—Mrs. Bradford beat me so much that her husband sent me to his -father’s. Mrs. Bradford ordered me one day to take a bushel of corn -up stairs; but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> I was unable to do it, upon which she knocked me -down with the johnny-cake board, cutting my head so badly that it -bled more than a quart. It was then that I thought of my mother. My -little friends—who have your liberty, and the protecting hand of -parents—these are some of the fruits of slavery; let your hearts warm -with gratitude to the great Giver of all good, for the blessings you -enjoy. Mrs. Bradford had a son about ten years old; she used to make -him beat me and spit in my face. Here I was, a poor slave boy, without -father or mother to take my part.</p> - -<p>At the end of two years, Mrs. Bradford beat me so much, that her -husband, fearing she would kill me, placed me at his father’s, where I -remained until the death of the old gentleman. But old Mr. Bradford was -worse than Mrs. Bradford! He had been a professor of religion, a class -leader in the Methodist Church, but at this time he was a backslider; -yea, a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> wanderer from God, and as cold as though he had never been -warmed by the vivifying power of the religion of Jesus Christ.</p> - -<p>I lived in this family seven and a half years, and when I left I was -thirteen years old. During this time I had no hat, no pantaloons, but -one pair of shoes, and wore a lindsey slip only. I was not allowed -to sit down while I ate my meals. For my breakfast I had a pint of -pot liquor, half a herring, and a little piece of bread. Whether this -would stay the cravings of a young appetite or not, there was no more -to be had. For my dinner I had a pint of pot liquor, and the skin off -of the pork. I must say as the colored people say at the south, when -singing to cheer their hearts while under the burning sun, and the -crack of the whip, remembering what is placed before them every day for -food—“My old master is a hard-hearted man; he eats the meat, and gives -poor nigger bones.” At night I had a bit of bread for my supper, and -a piece<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> of carpet for my bed, spread down on the hearth, winter and -summer. In the winter, when the fire got low, I used to burn my feet by -getting them into the embers.</p> - -<p>My work, in the winter time, was to fetch wood from the swamp up to the -house. Being without shoes or hat, and thinly clad, I used to go into -the house to warm myself. When in the house for this purpose, at one -time, old Mr. Bradford followed me in, and said: “If you want to be -warmed, I’ll warm you.” He took the tongs, heated them in the fire, and -branded my legs; and the scars are there to this day. I could not sit -down in consequence of the wound. He whipped me also, and used to put -my head under the fence.</p> - -<p>Christians! I beseech you, do not become backsliders; especially -slave-holding Christians! for the terrible effects of backsliding, -slave-holding Christianity are awfully developed in my history! </p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> - -<p>Shortly after this, the death of this man delivered me from his hands. -I rejoiced. God only knows whether he went to perdition. With all my -heart I have forgiven him. I expect to meet him at the bar of God with -the scars and the tongs. Farewell, Mr. Bradford! But this is not all. -He left all his property to his daughter Elizabeth; and her brother -Nathan, a tax-gatherer, was overseer of the farm for her. One year -after her father’s death, Elizabeth got married to Wm. Gardener, a -gentleman from Baltimore, a member of the Methodist Church. I then -thought I should have a good master. But oh, my soul! it was worse and -worse! All is not gold that shines, nor silver that glitters. He had -not been married a great while before my heart beat and my feet burned. -He was a collier, engaged in burning charcoal, and used to draw it to -the village landing, and sometimes to Baltimore.</p> - -<p>One day he left me twenty-five bushels of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> coal to draw. By being -broken of my rest the night previous, engaged in watching the coal pit, -I was tired and sleepy. When I had drawn all the coal out, supposing -I had put the fire out, I laid down to rest my weary limbs. The coal -burned up. Mr. Gardner came into the woods where I lay asleep, hallooed -and scared me up; he struck me with the shovel, and cut my head so that -I knew nothing for two days. I was so weak from the loss of blood, that -he was compelled to carry me home on his shoulders, covering himself -with blood. His wife was very much alarmed. We were about a mile from -home, and he told me not to speak of it.</p> - -<p>At another time, he cut my head with a hoe handle, so that altogether -I was sick for a long time. Mr. Gardner had a very quick temper, and -would strike me with anything he happened to have in his hand, reckless -of consequences.</p> - -<p>One day, Eliza (a slave girl of his,) and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>myself, went into the -water-melon patch, procured a melon and ate it. We were compelled to -this by the promptings of hunger, for the living had not altered since -the death of Mr. Bradford. Eliza was about eighteen years of age. -For that offence, our cruel master stripped us and tied us both up -together, and whipped us till the blood ran down on the ground in a -puddle.</p> - -<p>When I was sick, he used to send me into the place where they smoked -meat, for fear I should vomit on the floor. On Wednesdays, there were -meetings in the meeting-house, and Mr. Gardner used to make me stay -away from the house, for the minister would come home with him, and he -was fearful I should tell him of his cruel treatment. He did not say as -Hagar of old—“Thou, God, seest me.”</p> - -<p>One day he sent me to drive the horse from the peach tree. The horse -kicked me in the head, and I was laid up six months. My head was -sewed up; and I also received a great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> many knocks in the side, from -the effects of which I have not yet recovered! On one occasion, he -struck me in the mouth with an iron-toothed rake, which knocked out -one of my front teeth. All this time, my more fortunate reader, I was -a poor slave boy, with no one to pity me, with no parents to take my -part. I had no father; no mother! But God pitied me. The eye of the -all-merciful God, without whose notice not a sparrow falls to the -ground, was upon me. He it was that bore my feeble spirit up, when my -lacerated and quivering frame was writhing under the God-defying curse -of slavery.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p> - -<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2> - -<p>In the midst of all this trouble and gloom, my heart was made glad by -learning that my old master had come to take me home, at the expiration -of thirteen years. Mr. Gardner and my old master had a long talk about -me, for I was a miserable looking object with burnt feet. I bade Mr. -Gardner good bye, and expect to meet him at the judgment seat, when -slave and master appear before the great Judge of all, with equal -rights.</p> - -<p>My old master took me to Baltimore, where we arrived in two days. He -asked me if I wanted a hat. I had never had one, and received one which -cost twenty-five cents as joyfully as though it had cost eight dollars. -We were then twenty-two miles from home. The old man asked me if I ever -drank brandy. I said no. He said it was a good thing, and when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> I saw -him drunk, I might get so too. But I could not get spirit if I wanted -it ever so much, though I saw him drink many glasses, and have known -him to have a barrel of whiskey at one time.</p> - -<p>We left Baltimore, and arrived at our home. When I saw my four -brothers, who had been so long separated from me, I felt as I think -Joseph felt when he saw his brethren, though I knew nothing of the -history of Joseph at that time. Surely I was glad to see my brothers, -but yet I was a slave—being with them did not make mo a free man. I -was yet bowed down and crushed by the cruel spirit of slavery.</p> - -<p>They were about to run away at the time of my arrival; but I knew -nothing of it. Six months, or about that time after, I joined them. -Three of my oldest brothers went away, leaving one of my brothers and -myself behind. This brother is still a slave. I heard from him in -1846. We were left behind because we were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> not able to travel. They -left ten years before I did, but in relation to those ten years I will -remain silent. I was the youngest of the five brothers. My old master -had a very bad wife, and she made him much worse than he would have -been without her. She made him beat me without cause, and when it -answered no purpose. During those awful ten years we had not enough -to eat, and were beaten shamefully. Most of the time we had bean soup -for breakfast, dinner and supper—a pint at each meal. When we had -potatoes, we were without bread. Such was our fare; and whether hungry -or satisfied, we had no addition to it. We were poor slaves; and the -great object in feeding slaves is doubtless the same as it is with -cattle and horses, to keep them in good working order, or saleable -condition. Of course, if the health of the slave is not permanently -injured, the nearer to the starvation point the master can keep the -slave, the more it is for his <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>interest; and who, that casts his eye -back through the dark, bloody track of slavery, does not perceive that -the masters have acted up to their interest? We sometimes had cider; -occasionally some meat and milk, as it might happen.</p> - -<p>We remembered what our brothers told us—when we were able to run -away, to try it on some favorable Sunday. The old man would let us go -to meeting on Sunday at the village, but if we were not at home by -sundown, the cowhide paid the debt. We were slaves yet, and the old man -grew poorer and poorer the older he grew, and withal cross, much to our -discomfort. He had a wife like king Herod, and like Ahab, for we read -that Beelzebub stirred up Ahab to work evil in the sight of the Lord.</p> - -<p>Finally the old lady teased her husband to put my brother Nick out; and -he let him out for ten dollars a month. I was at home with two women -and a boy to carry on the farm,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> and we saw hard times. The old man had -a son, a preacher. At times he came home, but he could not help our -case. I was anxious to learn to read. My master had two sons who went -to school, and four unmarried daughters. One Sunday a gentleman came to -our house; I held his horse, and he gave me a sixpenny bit, with which -I bought a book, and tried to learn to read. I had it but a week, when -the old man saw it in my bosom, and made inquiry as to what it was. He -said, “You son of a b—h, if I ever know you to have a book again, I -will whip you half to death.” He took the book from me, and burnt it! -What could I do? I was a slave; and the mind which God had given me, -in common with my brethren with white skins to be enlightened, must -be kept darkened, and remain in ignorance, to suit the policy of the -“peculiar institution.”</p> - -<p>I omitted to mention that Mr. Buk came to see Miss Jane, one of the -unmarried daughters,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> at the time he gave me the piece of money. The -same attraction drew him there again, and he then gave me eleven pence, -with which I purchased a larger book, thirsting for that knowledge -which was denied me; but I had not had this book over a week before -my master found it out; and he then made me sick of books by beating -me like a dog. He whipped me so very severely that he overcame my -thirst for knowledge, and I relinquished its pursuit until after I -absconded. He took my book from me, and gave it to his son—so it seems -the white man’s son must have the means of education, even if stolen -from the slave. I could do nothing; but the all-merciful Father, who -regards <span class="smaller">MAN</span> as <span class="smaller">MAN</span>, whatever may be the injustice and -oppression to which he is subjected, watched over and guided me with -his parental eye through all the soul-sickening, heart-rending trials -of a gloomy bondage. I can prove by the scriptures that slave-holders -are worse<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> than the devil, for it is written in St. James, “Resist the -devil, and he will flee from you;” but if you undertake to resist the -slave-holder, he will hold you the tighter.</p> - -<p>I knew a man who thought it too cruel to whip his slaves, but he -stripped them naked, tied them to a board, (one end of which was on the -fence, the other on the ground,) and then drew a cat by her tail down -their backs. Of course the claws of the cat sunk deeply into the flesh, -for at such a time a cat will resist this retrograde movement to the -extent of her strength. Then he would ask the poor slave if it hurt. -The reply was, “Oh! pray, master, oh! pray, master, don’t.”</p> - -<p>When in slavery I experienced a hope in Christ, from the 8th verse of -the 23d chapter of Matthew,<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" >[A]</a> “Give us of your oil, for our lamps have -gone out.” It was one year before I had evidence that my heart was -changed.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> This was in the year 1836. I was awakened by the Holy Spirit -of God, by its divine influence operating on my mind, and the words, -“Give me of your oil,” rang in my ears continually; but I strove hard -against the spirit, to shake off these feelings, yet at the end of -this year I was brought to submit to the will of God. I beheld myself -a justly condemned sinner before God. I felt bound to give myself up -to Him; and obtained a pardon for my sins—and to-day I am struggling -to make my peace, my calling and election sure. The word of that poor -unreleased slave has proved unto me the power and wisdom of God, and -to-day I am trying to preach Christ to the inhabitants of Nantucket.</p> - -<h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3> - -<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1">[A]</a> I experienced a hope under a slave man.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p> - -<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2> - -<p>My brother Nicholas said, that our brothers recommended to him and -myself to run away when we were old enough. We used to talk this over. -When God had opened my eyes, I grew very uneasy reflecting upon the -condition of my brothers, who were enjoying their liberty in a land of -freedom. I wanted also to be free. I resolved to be free. I made up my -mind to run away in the year 1837. When I ran away, my brother Nicholas -was not at home; but I was determined to go. I was so intimate with a -man named Henry, one of my acquaintances, that I told him I was about -to run away. He said he would run with me—but he proved a Judas, and -betrayed me. We were to start on Monday night. At this time we lived -at the village. The pasture in which our horses were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> kept was half a -mile from the village. Henry told me he would meet me there at half -past seven. I tied up all my clothes in a bundle, expecting to start. -I waited till after eight o’clock for Henry, but he did not come. I -started to go back after him, when, behold! I saw my old master, his -two sons, and many other people looking for me. The moon shone very -bright—the old man was bare-headed; his head was very white; his -spectacles were put back upon his head, and I could see them glisten -by the light of the moon. The only reason the old man did not see me -was because he was near-sighted, and forgot to pull his spectacles down -over his eyes. His two sons were standing in the road where I was to -run, and five or six other persons on the watch for me; and my heart -was in my mouth. Said I, “Oh! Lord, what shall I do!” I dropped down -on my hands and feet, and ran half a mile through the grass. I left my -bundle of clothing and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> three dollars in money which I had been working -for, for some time. All the money I had with me was 75 cents; that a -Quaker gentleman gave me that afternoon. I had told this gentleman that -I was going to run away that night, and he told me which way to start -to get clear. I started for Boston. I travelled all that night. The -next morning I came out in a road opposite a tavern, where two roads -crossed, and I knew not which to take. I took the east. I was 35 miles -from home. The tavern keeper was standing at the door. It was about -sunrise. He told me I had the wrong road. I came back to him, supposing -I had met with a friend. Said he, “Do you want some breakfast?” “Yes, -sir, if you please,” I replied. “Come in, and sit down, and you shall -have some,” he continued. “No, sir,” said I, “I thank you; I will sit -upon the steps.” “No,” said the Georgia man, “come in; we will have -breakfast pretty soon, and we will all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> sit down together.” “No, sir, -I thank you, I would as soon sit here;” for I thought he was most too -kind to be honest; the Quaker man having told me to avoid Georgia men. -When he found I would not come in, he took hold of my collar, but I -threw him down, for I was resolved to whip the devil out of the way, -if possible. After he was down, I ran for my life. There was a colored -man bringing a pail of water. He cried out to him to stop me; but I -told the colored man if he attempted to trouble me I would knock him -down. I jumped over a fence, and the Georgia man after me; but I saw -no more of the colored man. The white man struck me in the side with a -stone, and run me about a mile. I recovered from the blow of the stone, -so that I could run a little faster. God gave me strength to fight for -my life. The white man fought me, and I fought him with any thing that -came handy, with fists and with stones. I told him he might kill me or -I would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> kill him. Finally, I whipped him. There was a Dutchman and his -two sons sawing plank in a grist mill. He said, “Glory in your spunk, -my man;” and when I had whipped the man he started back after dogs -and hounds. Said the Dutchman, “Run for your life, for there are two -Georgia men in my house.” I knew them well; they were acquaintances of -my master’s. Their names were Joshua and Nathan Retlidge, traders.</p> - -<p>When I heard the dogs and hounds coming after me, I said, “My God! what -shall I do!” for I knew they would put them on my track. I was about -to give up, and wished I had never started. However, I climbed up a -tree, and in the providence of God, the hounds scared up a rabbit. At -the howling of the dogs, I trembled like a leaf, and knew not what -to do. The hounds drew nearer and nearer; the rabbit came under the -tree where I was, and, through the will of an over-ruling Providence,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> -they all passed by, and I was safely delivered out of their hands. It -was about eight o’clock in the morning when I climbed the tree. I was -hungry and wet with dew. I staid in the tree till about five o’clock -in the afternoon. They hunted the woods pretty well, but they did not -find me. My words are inadequate to express my joyful feelings at my -deliverance. God alone could know my feelings.</p> - -<p>I then started for Boston. Then, as now, God alone was my only hope. -I travelled a number of days without eating any thing, under great -anxiety to see Boston. One morning I met a colored man named George. He -was running away, and had got lost. He was from Richmond, Virginia. He -asked my name. I told him; and we travelled a number of days together. -We called into a shop where we thought no one would harm us, and got -something to eat. Thus, under the guidance of Providence, we proceeded -along. We came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> to a farmer’s house, and we let ourselves out each to -a farmer for $13 a month, our object being to get money to defray our -expenses.</p> - -<p>George grew uneasy. He staid only two weeks—was fearful his master -would overtake him. He started for New York, but reached only as far as -Brunswick, 16 miles from where he started, and, as I heard, was taken -up, put in jail, and carried back.</p> - -<p>I began to grow uneasy. One morning I asked the farmer for whom I -worked for $4. He gave me that sum. We went to breakfast. I ate -quickly, and cleared. I have not seen him since. I crossed the fields, -missed the bridge, and came to a creek, over which I had to swim. I -came out into the road. A man in a gig overtook me and inquired who I -was, and where I was going. I told him to New Brunswick. He inquired -who I knew. I named the individual I had lived with. He went to his -house, and I took to the woods, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> did not come out again until I -reached New Brunswick. I got there about dusk—saw a colored man with a -pail, and inquired of him the way to New York. “Stand here,” said he, -“until I come back.” But it is a hard thing to catch a weasel asleep. -So when he was out of sight, I vanished also. I went to the car bridge; -the man would not let me go across. I went under the bridge and staid -there till the cars arrived; and when the gate opened I passed, and -bade New Brunswick good bye.</p> - -<p>I then proceeded on to New York. I travelled until one o’clock in the -morning, though it was cold and frosty. While lying asleep, there -came a drove of hogs. In hunting for acorns, they turned me over. I -was alarmed, supposing my pursuers had overtaken me. I jumped up and -started again, chilled with cold, travelled two hours, and lay down by -the side of a hay-stack.</p> - -<p>I arose about day-break. The next place I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> reached was Elizabethtown. -In going through this town, a man accosted me, saying, “I think I -know your countenance.” “No,” said I, “I know nothing about you.” He -inquired whence I came, and whither I was going; and I told him I was -from home and for New York. I left him, and made my way for Newark. -When I got there I was very hungry, for I had eaten nothing since I -left the farm-house. I went into a bake-shop, and bought eleven pence -worth of bread. The loaf was a pretty large one, and I commenced -eating, but soon felt sick, laid down in the swamp, rested, and started -again.</p> - -<p>I met some Irishmen who were working on the rail road, and I thought -every moment I should be killed. One of them asked me where I was -going, for what purpose, and when I should return. I told him I was -going to New York to buy some things, and should return the same -afternoon or next morning. He<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> inquired whether I should return by -the same route, and I replied “Yes.” He said “Very well,” to which I -responded. I looked so bad I suppose he thought strange, for I had on -the same clothes I started with. I proceeded on, came to the ferry, -and crossed over to New York. Near the ferry there was a stable, and a -man sitting by it. We bade each other good morning, and I inquired the -road to Canada. He told me I must go to New York in order to get to -Canada. “Why do you wish to go to Canada?” said he. I told him I had -relations there. I did not then know whether my brother who ran away -before me was in Boston or Canada. Discovering he had a disposition -to question me, I said, “I guessed I would go to New York, get some -clothes, and go back home.” He wished me to come into the stable, and -sit down while he went to the house to get a coat, which he offered to -sell me. I declined his offer, and told him I would as soon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> stand. He -started off, whether in pursuit of the coat or somebody to detain me, I -do not know, for I left immediately. I paid the ferryman a five-penny -bit, and crossed to New York. No questions were put to me on board the -ferry-boat.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p> - -<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2> - -<p>When I landed, I inquired of a boy whether there was any boat that run -to the State of Boston. I was so ignorant I knew not whether Boston -was a State or city. In fact, I scarcely knew there was such a place. -Slavery is as ill adapted for obtaining this kind of knowledge as all -other kinds. He informed me the boat went to Providence, and showed me -the way to the boat. I purchased a bosom and dickey, went on board of -the boat, and stowed myself away among the bales of cotton, where I -remained until we were a considerable distance from New York. I then -felt like a <span class="smcap">Free Man</span>, and walked the deck with the rest of -the passengers. I had but little money, and wanted to save it; so I -inquired of the engineer if I could work my passage to Providence. He -said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> “Yes,” and set me to work. I worked out the first watch of the -night, and he then told me I might go to sleep. I laid down on the -cotton. The man came round and demanded my ticket. I told him I had -none, that I had been working half of the night. Said he, “That I know -nothing about. You must go to the office and settle your fare.” He said -the fare was $3, and he could give me no ticket. I thought hard of it, -but it was of no use to have any further conversation.</p> - -<p>I got to Providence on Sunday morning. My money was all gone. There I -was, without friends, victuals or money. I inquired of a man if there -was such a place as Boston, and how far it was. He said 40 miles. I -started, and took the rail road. I walked all day Sunday, and about -nine o’clock came to a farmer’s house. I knocked at the door; a lady -came, and inquired what I wanted. I asked her if she would please give -me something to eat, for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> I was very hungry. She invited me in; she -went to the pump, got a cup of water, and gave me a crust of brown -bread, from which the inside had been taken. As she gave it to me in -the name of a disciple, she shall receive a disciple’s reward. By this -time, the old gentleman came in. “How do you do, my man?” said he. -“How do you do, sir?” said I. He inquired of me where I was from, when -I left, and where I was going; and I gave him the information. After -sitting awhile, he inquired if I would like to lie down. I told him I -was very tired, and he took me to the barn and gave me liberty to rest -there for the night. I said nothing, but went in. I was afraid of him; -for he had on a blue frock, and, never having seen any one with such a -frock on, I supposed he was a Turk. About 3 o’clock next morning I got -up and started for Boston, being afraid to stay there any longer.</p> - -<p>I reached Boston at noon on Monday, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>inquired for my brothers; but -nobody knew anything about them. Finally, I met with a colored lady -by the name of Sarah Taylor, the wife of John R. Taylor. I asked her -if she knew any thing about my brothers. She said a George Black had -passed through Boston, and lived in Portland. She said, “Come home with -me, for I perceive you have been a slave.” I went and boarded with her -for $3 a week. I got a gentleman to write to Portland to Mr. George -Black, the man I thought was my brother. He supposed I was one of his -brothers, he having three brothers in the West Indies. He invited me -to come to Portland, and offered to pay my fare. I was very ragged and -dirty. Mrs. Taylor wrapped me up in Mr. Taylor’s cloak, and sent me to -Portland. Mr. Black sent down his man to the steamboat to get my trunk; -but instead of having a trunk, I had scarcely any clothes to my back. -When I saw Mr. Black, and found he was not my brother, I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> was very sad; -and he was disappointed. He said he knew nothing of my brothers—had -never seen them. He talked with me much about slavery, and I unfolded -to him my history, and that of others. Mr. Black was very kind to me, -indeed, and did all in his power to render me happy. Mrs. Black, his -wife, was more than a mother to me, and the whole family were very -kind to me. I married Mr. Black’s daughter. I could not go to church -the first Sunday after my arrival, for I was ragged and dirty. The -following week, Mrs. Black and her daughter made me some clothes. I -had been there but a short time when Mr. Black sent me to school. I -went to school that winter, and learned very fast. Mr. Black charged me -nothing for my board that winter. When near spring, Mr. Black sent me -up to Bridgetown, 34 miles from Portland, to live with Major Purley, a -farmer. Mr. Purley gave me $10 a month, and was anxious for me to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> go -to school; but I told him no. I owed Mr. Black, and wanted to get some -clothes, and could not spare the time.</p> - -<p>At length George Ropes wrote me from Portland, to come and live with -him. I went there, and boarded with Mr. Black. I was engineer for Mr. -Ropes in the steam factory, and lived with him one season; and when the -Rev. Mr. Black removed to Boston to be settled over the Belknap-street -Church, I accompanied him. The reason why I removed to Boston with Mr. -Black, was because I had fallen in love with his daughter. I trust -this reason will be deemed ample by all those who have experienced -the tender workings of this mysterious passion. Only a few months -after my return to Boston, I married Mr. Black’s daughter, though -young and poor; and I am still poor. I had four children, one of whom -is deceased. I lived at service in Boston. Sometimes I worked on the -wharves. But I was in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> an unsettled state, being under the impression -that I should preach the Gospel. I firstly derived these impressions -in Boston, and they have not left me. I was baptized before I left -Portland, by the Rev. Mr. Burroughs, who is now in his grave. I joined -the Belknap street Church while Mr. Black was pastor. I lived there -five years: then I found Boston was not the place for me, for its -vanities and maxims were not suited to my disposition. I prepared to -live in the country, for I had a desire to be diligent in business, -fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. I began to think of perishing -souls, and the cause of God laid near my heart. I felt that God had a -claim upon me, that I was not my own master; but I struggled against -these impressions, for I was inadequate, unlearned and unprepared. I -could say as said Jeremiah, “Behold, I cannot speak, for I am a child; -but the Lord said unto me, Say not thou art a child, for thou shalt go -to all to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> whom I shall send thee, and whatever I command thee, thou -shalt do;” Jer. i:6-7. And I said as Moses did, “I am slow of speech -and of a slow tongue;” Exod. iv:10. My call was now unto the sons of -men. The time had arrived for me to leave Boston.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p> - -<h2>CHAPTER V.</h2> - -<p>I left my family in Boston, and went to Providence, R. I., to live with -President Wayland. While living with Dr. Wayland, I tried to improve -my mind, and it gives me pleasure to state, that that gentleman did -all in his power to assist me. I connected myself with the Rev. Mr. -Ashur’s Church in Providence, and had a bible class, being as active -as possible in the Sabbath School. After being connected with Brother -Ashur’s Church a short time, he invited me to officiate for him one -Sunday morning, as he knew I was accustomed to exhort when in Boston.</p> - -<p>I left Dr. Wayland and went to work with Mr. Andrew, a stone mason, -and continued to work for him while he had employment for me. In this -time, I had moved my family from <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>Boston to Providence. Finally, I told -the brethren and pastor of the church that God had called me to the -work of the ministry. They agreed to give me a hearing. They did so, -and appointed a committee to see me; and the result was, the brethren -thought I was not called to preach—“that Brother Black had better wait -awhile longer.” Dr. Wayland thought I had not learning enough to preach.</p> - -<p>I know that I am of a slow tongue, and unlearned; but what says the -prophet Zachariah? “Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith -the Lord of hosts. Who art thou, O great mountain? before Zerubbabel -thou shalt become a plain; and he shall bring forth the head stone -thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it;” iv:6, 7.</p> - -<p>At length I got discouraged, let myself out to Mr. Foster in -Providence, and run in his canal boat from Providence to Woonsocket. -The few books I had I carried to auction, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> almost gave up in -despair; for some of the brethren were looking upon me with a frown -and dark looks. I knew I was a poor unlearned fugitive. I had given -up the idea of preaching, nor did I wish to hear about it, and was -sorry I mentioned it to the brethren or any one else. So I went to the -canal boat, working for $12 a month, having a family to support. But -oh! Lord! my trouble had not come. Mr. Foster was a kind man. I had -worked on the canal about three weeks, when I met with a sad accident. -We arrived at Woonsocket one night with a load of coal; it began to -rain, and rained all the next day. The captain said we must get up at -2 o’clock the next morning, and carry the boat up through the lock, -for the current ran so hard when the factory started, it was difficult -getting up. The coal was going to Waterford, one mile from Woonsocket. -When I mounted the horse to return, it being very dark, and raining<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> -very hard, the horse started before I was fairly upon his back; his -hind legs gave way, he fell backwards on me, and broke my leg. While -I was struggling with the horse upon me, words came unto me like -these—“This is for your disobedience.” My companions were a little way -behind, and they heard me haloo. The horse in struggling to get clear, -cut my face with his foot. I was hurt so badly that my wife had to feed -me with a tea-spoon. The men came up and got the horse off of me, and -I was not aware my leg was broken until I started to run. It was about -four o’clock in the morning. They laid me on the horse, and carried me -back to the tavern; but oh! the pain, the misery I was in. It rained -hard, and they were all asleep at the tavern; so that I remained -exposed to the rain some time. They sent for the doctor immediately, -but he did not arrive until nine o’clock, and then set my leg. The -owner of the tavern sent me home in a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> carriage, a distance of nineteen -miles, where we arrived at sundown.</p> - -<p>My folks thought I was dead. The moment the carriage drew up to the -door, they took me out, carried me into the house, and laid me on a bed.</p> - -<p>My distress of body was very great, and the anguish of my mind was -extreme—for I had but little victuals in the house, was without -money, and there was about to be an increase in my family. My wife was -unwell, and I was laid prostrate on the bed. Then the saying of the -apostle Paul came fresh to my mind—“In every thing give thanks, for -this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you;” Thes. v:18. -At first, I could see no place where I could give thanks. The streams -of livelihood were dried up, and the hand of Providence was closed, it -seemed to me. I had no income save my daily labor. I was a stranger in -that community, but in reflecting on Him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> whose kindness tempers the -wind to the shorn lamb, I had reason to be thankful; first, that both -legs were not broken; second, that my arms were whole; and last and -greatest, that God had spared my life to see my family once more.</p> - -<p>Not many days after, the hand of Providence was directed to my house. -Unexpected stores were opened to my relief. President Wayland and other -benevolent individuals, ladies and gentlemen, remembered me in their -kindness. While I was confined to my couch, the scenes of by-gone -ages passed in review. I remembered the vow I had made to God. My -eyes gushed out with tears. I could say then as did David of old—“I -found trouble and sorrow; then called I upon the name of the Lord.” I -found the Lord my refuge and strength, a present help in trouble. I -said it was better to have a broken leg in a land of freedom, than to -have sound limbs under the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> curse of slavery. While I was musing one -night, and meditating upon God and his providence, I closed my eyes, -and whether asleep or awake I know not, but I viewed a rod at the foot -of my bed, about four feet high. It was wrapped in black and red, and -a smaller rod was lying in the bed with me. The large rod reflected -on the small rod, and the words of John (iii:14,) came to me—“And as -Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, the son of man must be -lifted up.” Then I remembered the words of the Lord, and promised Him -at that hour if he would raise me up again, I would obey His call. In -the course of a few months God raised me up, and I was willing to obey -Him, took my life in my hand, and went out into the wide world as a -lamb in the midst of the wilderness. I trusted that God would be with -me; His rod and His staff would encompass me.</p> - -<p>When I started, I left a wife and two <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>children. I left them in the -care of God. I went a little ways down east, and was gone seven weeks. -Wherever I went, the brethren received me gladly. I returned, but -remained at home but little while, and as I had never seen New Bedford, -I left what little means I had with my family, and started for that -town. When I got there I knew not where to go, for I was a stranger. -I inquired for the Rev. Mr. Allen, the Baptist minister, and also for -the Rev. Mr. Jackson. I stayed at New Bedford a few days; and as I had -heard much said of Nantucket, I wanted to go there. I told Mr. Jackson -I wanted to go to Nantucket, but had no money. He said, “You should -not have left home without money.” “No, sir,” said I, “but I had none -to fetch.” But two wrongs will not make one right. Mr. Jackson gave me -half a dollar, and I obtained some more money among the brethren and -sisters, and took the steamboat for Nantucket. I had yet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> no license to -preach. I had a letter of recommendation from the pastor of the church -to which I belonged, not only as a brother, but as a beloved brother.</p> - -<p>When I arrived at Nantucket, I inquired for Deacon Berry, of the York -street, Baptist Church, and handed him my letter of recommendation. -They had no preacher. When I went to the church on Sabbath morning, -the house was open for preaching. The fame went abroad that a strange -minister from Providence had arrived. I preached for them that Sabbath -to the best of my ability. I was but a child in the Gospel.</p> - -<p>It was my intention to leave for Providence on the following Tuesday; -but the brethren prevailed on me to stay longer, and I remained several -weeks. The brethren gave me a call, and being young, I accepted it. I -went out to beg money to repair their house of worship, and afterwards -left for Providence.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p> - -<h2>CHAPTER VI.</h2> - -<p>I will now say something of slavery. I shall say nothing but what I -know to be true. Slavery is a cruel system. The effects of it are -scattered abroad throughout the land. It is the reigning evil of the -country; yea, the mother of all evil. Why is it the mother of all evil? -I answer in the language of Holy Writ, which saith, “Do unto all men -as you would have them do unto you.” It is not done. Again: “Love thy -neighbor as thyself. This is the law and the prophets.” It is not done. -Reader,—where is the slaveholder who would wish his slaves to do to -him as he does to them? There are none. Hence, then, the enormity of -the evil.</p> - -<p>Dear reader: understand one thing. The slaves are taught ignorance -as we teach our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> children knowledge. They are kept in darkness, and -are borne down under a cruel, cruel oppression! All human rights -are denied them as citizens! They are not recognized as men! My old -master frequently said, “he did not believe a d——d nigger had any -soul!” They are made to undergo everything as a beast. Having a full, -perfect, undeniable right to stand out before God as <span class="smaller">MEN</span>, -the cruel, God-defying white man, without semblance of right, with -no pretence but might, has prostituted them to the base purpose of -his cupidity, and his baser beastly passions, reducing them to mere -things, mere chattels, to be bought and sold like hogs and sheep! Born, -like the white man, to an individual responsibility to the Father of -mercies, the treatment of the white man to the poor African, unmixed -with mercy, has curtained his mind to all knowledge, aye, even to the -knowledge of the God of heaven and earth, and thus removed from him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> -the accountability! But, where does this terrible accountability rest? -Let the hardened slave-tyrant, when he stands quivering before the -Almighty bar of retribution, answer this question! Well might Thomas -Jefferson remark, when his deep, penetrating mind was reflecting upon -the stupendous wrongs of slavery, “I tremble for my country, when -I remember that God is just, and that his justice cannot slumber -forever?” I appeal, then, to every rational, intelligent mind, if -slavery be not an abomination in the sight of the Lord.</p> - -<p>It has been said that slaves have no intellect. I deny it. God has -given them minds capable of cultivation. Uncultivated ground will not -bring forth fruit. All the slave requires is cultivation, for he is -possessed of all the qualities of the white man.</p> - -<p>Reader: we have heard of the wisdom of King Solomon, son of David, the -grandson of ancient Jesse. The Queen of Basheba has <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span>declared that half -had never been told her. History informs us that Solomon was as black -as black satin, with handsome features and smooth skin.</p> - -<p>I could refer to many of the colored race whose mental endowments are -superior to many of those arrogant white men who abhor a colored man -and pretend to be his superior in knowledge.</p> - -<p>The language of Jesus Christ to his apostles should teach us not to -despise the workmanship of God. “He that despiseth you, despiseth me.” -Do men, I ask, realize the awful evil of slavery? Are they aware of -its terrible calamities? Has it not become so familiar, from its long -existence, as almost to reconcile the tender conscience to its infamous -enormities? It must be so. There is no other mode of accounting for the -fact, that men, good christians in other respects, quietly hold slaves -at the south, while their equally guilty brethren of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> north assent -to it, and participate in its profits.</p> - -<p>Should we not remember them that are in bondage as bound with them? Say -not only slaves be obedient to your masters according to the flesh, but -also say, masters, render unto your servants that which is right; and -if that principle were carried out, slavery would be abolished.</p> - -<p>How do the masters teach the slaves ignorance? Having been a slave, -I answer the question. When the master asks the slave, Tom, Harry, -Dick or Bill, “Do you love your master?” he answers, “Yes, massa, I -lub you.” “Come here and get a dram; drink us a treat, you son of a b -...h.” Why does the slave say “Yes, sir?” Because he is afraid to say -any thing else. He is crushed under the iron heel of the slave-tyrant!</p> - -<p>The time is coming when the wrongs of the slave will be redressed. -Yes, the time is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> coming when their blood will cry unto the Lord for -deliverance.</p> - -<p>It is very customary to magnify the evils of emancipation. It is said -by very many persons that the slaves, if liberated, would become an -idle, vagabond set. This remark, doubtless, is sometimes made in -sincerity; but no doubt it is frequently used as a sort of salve to -quiet the conscience for inaction. It is most unquestionably true that -here and there a case would exist of improvidence, just as they exist -among the white population; but such cases would form the exception, -not the rule. Persons who indulge in such remarks seem entirely -unacquainted with the views and feelings of slaves, and to suppose that -they are utterly incapable of appreciating, even to a small extent, -the blessings and enjoyments of freedom. But this is a mistake, and -operates powerfully on some minds to prevent wholesome action in favor -of the liberation of the slave. It is to be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> hoped that all true men -and women who are held back from engaging in the cause of the slave -by this consideration, will take pains to examine the subject with -care, ere they yield to this pernicious opinion. As to those who have -better knowledge, and make use of this assumed fact as a scape-goat for -their lethargy, not having independence enough to confess the truth, -I commend them, together with their meanness, to such particles of -conscience as are yet left unscathed by the searing iron of hypocrisy.</p> - -<p>It is further averred, both honestly and for selfish purposes, as in -the case just stated, that the slaves, if liberated, would rush for -the north, overwhelming the workingmen in this region with misery and -despair. This I know to be untrue, both from observation and my own -experience. The climate of the balmy south is much better adapted to -the nature of the colored man, than the more rigorous one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> of greater -northern latitude. It is not the <i>south</i> we abhor. It is <i>slavery</i> we -abhor. God has made the south and blessed it. Man, in his selfishness, -has cursed it. Remove slavery, and we join hearts and hands with the -south. Give us equal rights. Give us justice. Make us <span class="smaller">MEN</span>. -Give us pay for our toil, and we will work at the south.</p> - -<p>It is a matter of astonishment that slavery has so long existed, -and yet that its enormities have taken so little hold on a people -professing to be Christians. In a country whose inhabitants dipped -their hands in blood to establish <span class="smcap">Freedom</span>, there are over -<i>two and a half millions</i> of human beings, entitled to all the rights -of white men, held in absolute bondage. Are the people of this -nation aware of this fact? Thousands of times has this awful truth -been reiterated in the ears of American Christians, and yet from the -profound indifference which yet generally exists on the subject, we -are led to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> ask, Do the people of this nation realize the fact? More -than any other nation on earth we boast of our liberty, our refinement, -our advancement in the arts and sciences, our railroads, our various -facilities for intercommunication, and all the outward appliances to -render life comfortable. We have seized upon the very lightning of -Heaven, and commanded it to bear our messages from one distant point to -another without the intervention of time, literally annihilating all -space: and we not only boast of these things, but we aver in the face -of the abhorrent fact of slavery, that we are the most virtuous nation -on earth! To the enormity of slavery we are, indeed, spiritually dead. -Were slavery about to commence, were we to summon the voters of this -nation to the polls to decide whether two and a half millions of human -beings should be subjected to this bondage, what think you, reader, -would be the result? Can there be a man found who would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> vote for the -measure, unless indeed the love of money had so blunted all humanity as -to render his better feelings entirely inactive?</p> - -<p>It is in vain for apologists of slavery to defend it by such arguments -as this: They will tell you that the slaves of the south are better -fed and clothed than the colored people of the north. The fact is not -admitted. But, suppose it were a fact. Is man to be considered as a -mere ox, to be bowed up and stall fed? Is he a mere victuals grinder -and clothes horse? Or, has he a higher nature? Has he not a mind -capable of rising higher and higher in all that is expansive, pure and -holy? Has he not within him a spark of pure Divinity, which, when he is -surrounded with high and ennobling influences, is fanned into a light -so bright as to lead us to respond to the glorious truth, Man is indeed -made in the image of his God?</p> - -<p>Do you talk of <i>selling a man</i>? You might as well talk of selling -immortality or sunshine!<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> You might as well talk of your right to -monopolise the atmosphere, to determine how much air a man should -breathe, and to retail it out to him by the jaw-full!</p> - -<p>Again, it is said the slave has a maintenance guaranteed to him in old -age, and is thus rendered free from those corroding cares in reference -to his support which wear upon the poor free man. Is this provision of -so high a consequence that men voluntarily submit to slavery? Are the -masters willing to exchange the advantages derived from the unrequited -labor of the slave for a freedom from this guarantee? The slave-holders -of the south cannot make us believe they are so verdant as thus to -have mistaken their interest. Away, then, with the argument that a -God-created <span class="smaller">MAN</span> should be made a man-created thing!</p> - -<p>American fathers, let me ask <i>you</i>, are the <i>advantages</i> of slavery -sufficient to induce <i>you</i> to submit to the terrible wrong of being -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>separated from <i>your</i> wives and children, and sold to a distant owner? -American mothers, do <i>you</i> desire that <i>your</i> husbands should be torn -from the hearth-stone, and sold from your presence forever? Do you wish -your children snatched from your cradles, knocked off at auction to -the highest bidder, to go away from you forever? If not, then let your -apologies for slavery cease.</p> - -<p>Reader, I take my leave of you, with the fond hope, that the -recuperative moral energies both of the north and the south will soon -herald the dawn of that glorious day when the sweat and blood of the -unfortunate African shall no longer be struck into coin for the use of -the cruel, unrelenting white man.</p> - -<p class="space-above"><span class="smcap">Errata.</span>—On page 13, second line from the bottom, for -“writing” read writhing. </p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p> - -<h2>THE TRAVELLING PILGRIM.</h2> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<div>I have no friends, no helper nigh,</div> -<div>But He who heard the raven’s cry;</div> -<div>My father’s house I’ve bid adieu,</div> -<div>And on my journey I pursue.</div> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<div>My sister wonders where I am,</div> -<div>But I shall not return again;</div> -<div>My sisters, brothers, think it strange</div> -<div>That I should leave my nearest friends.</div> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<div>But my kind friends I now must leave,</div> -<div>And on my journey I proceed,</div> -<div>To attend an appointment I have made,</div> -<div>To find a place to lay my head.</div> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<div>And if poor sinners did but know</div> -<div>How much for them I undergo,</div> -<div>They would not treat me with contempt,</div> -<div>Nor curse me when I say “repent.”</div> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<div>But O! the trials of my heart,</div> -<div>Through rain, through snow, I have to go,</div> -<div>And when I’m called to leave this flesh,</div> -<div>I trust with Jesus Christ to rest.</div> -</div></div></div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD BLACK ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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