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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
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+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #65033 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65033)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black, by
-Leonard Black
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black
-       A Fugitive from Slavery
-
-Author: Leonard Black
-
-Release Date: April 09, 2021 [eBook #65033]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-Produced by: Nick Wall, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed
-             Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was
-             produced from scanned images of public domain material from
-             the Google Books project.)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD
-BLACK ***
-
-THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD BLACK, A FUGITIVE FROM SLAVERY.
-
-WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.
-
-NEW BEDFORD: PRESS OF BENJAMIN LINDSEY. 1847.
-
-
-
-
-NOTICE.
-
-
-Doubts having been expressed upon sundry matters connected with the
-following little narrative, Mr. Black has requested me to say a few
-words concerning its authorship and claims to belief.
-
-The book was written substantially by Mr. Black himself, but, in
-consequence of his deficiency of education--growing out of the
-fact that his childhood and youth were spent in slavery--it needed
-considerable correction to fit it for the press. This work was
-kindly performed, gratuitously, by a friend of the author, who was,
-however, very careful to preserve the narrative as nearly unchanged
-as possible--confining himself mostly to punctuating, correcting the
-orthography, striking out unnecessary words and sentences, &c. &c.
-
-I am well acquainted with Mr. Black, and have the fullest confidence
-in the truth of his narrative, as has the friend who assisted him in
-preparing it for the press, and, indeed, every one who knows him.
-
-A. M. MACY.
-
-Nantucket, October 30th, 1847.
-
-
-
-
-INTRODUCTION.
-
-
-In putting this little volume before the public, it is well, perhaps,
-that I should speak of my motive.
-
-Born and reared in slavery, I was, of course, deprived of education;
-and believing that I can be of service to the public in the ministry,
-I have published this account of my life and sufferings, with the hope
-that I might realize a sufficient sum from its sale, to enable me to
-procure a greater degree of education, thereby increasing my usefulness
-as a preacher.
-
-With this simple statement I present myself to the humane, in the hope
-that I may not appeal in vain.
-
-LEONARD BLACK.
-
-April, 1847.
-
-
-
-
-LIFE AND SUFFERINGS
-
-OF
-
-LEONARD BLACK.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER I.
-
-
-It is my object to give to the reader a plain, simple narrative of the
-more interesting portion of my life, while in slavery.
-
-I was born in Annarundel County, State of Maryland, about sixty miles
-below Baltimore, and lived a slave more than twenty years. My old
-master was a physician, but I think it prudent to withhold his name.
-No one, who has always enjoyed the right of liberty, can realize the
-horrors of slavery. To be at the will of another, to be _owned_ like
-a cow or horse, and liable at any moment to be sold to the highest
-bidder, to be transported to a distant part of the country, leaving
-the dearest relatives behind; to be, in fine, ground down mentally and
-physically by the untold curses of slavery, may be a very pretty thing
-to the masters of the “peculiar institution,” but it is death to the
-slaves.
-
-After more than twenty years of bondage, God delivered me from it, with
-a strong hand and an outstretched arm, as he did Israel of old.
-
-As near as I can remember, my mother and sister were sold and taken
-to New Orleans, leaving four brothers and myself behind. We were all
-placed out. At six years of age I was placed with a Mr. Bradford,
-separated from my father, mother and family. But the eye of God was
-upon me, and blessed me. My master was a carpenter, and much from
-home--Mrs. Bradford beat me so much that her husband sent me to his
-father’s. Mrs. Bradford ordered me one day to take a bushel of corn
-up stairs; but I was unable to do it, upon which she knocked me
-down with the johnny-cake board, cutting my head so badly that it
-bled more than a quart. It was then that I thought of my mother. My
-little friends--who have your liberty, and the protecting hand of
-parents--these are some of the fruits of slavery; let your hearts warm
-with gratitude to the great Giver of all good, for the blessings you
-enjoy. Mrs. Bradford had a son about ten years old; she used to make
-him beat me and spit in my face. Here I was, a poor slave boy, without
-father or mother to take my part.
-
-At the end of two years, Mrs. Bradford beat me so much, that her
-husband, fearing she would kill me, placed me at his father’s, where I
-remained until the death of the old gentleman. But old Mr. Bradford was
-worse than Mrs. Bradford! He had been a professor of religion, a class
-leader in the Methodist Church, but at this time he was a backslider;
-yea, a wanderer from God, and as cold as though he had never been
-warmed by the vivifying power of the religion of Jesus Christ.
-
-I lived in this family seven and a half years, and when I left I was
-thirteen years old. During this time I had no hat, no pantaloons, but
-one pair of shoes, and wore a lindsey slip only. I was not allowed
-to sit down while I ate my meals. For my breakfast I had a pint of
-pot liquor, half a herring, and a little piece of bread. Whether this
-would stay the cravings of a young appetite or not, there was no more
-to be had. For my dinner I had a pint of pot liquor, and the skin off
-of the pork. I must say as the colored people say at the south, when
-singing to cheer their hearts while under the burning sun, and the
-crack of the whip, remembering what is placed before them every day for
-food--“My old master is a hard-hearted man; he eats the meat, and gives
-poor nigger bones.” At night I had a bit of bread for my supper, and
-a piece of carpet for my bed, spread down on the hearth, winter and
-summer. In the winter, when the fire got low, I used to burn my feet by
-getting them into the embers.
-
-My work, in the winter time, was to fetch wood from the swamp up to the
-house. Being without shoes or hat, and thinly clad, I used to go into
-the house to warm myself. When in the house for this purpose, at one
-time, old Mr. Bradford followed me in, and said: “If you want to be
-warmed, I’ll warm you.” He took the tongs, heated them in the fire, and
-branded my legs; and the scars are there to this day. I could not sit
-down in consequence of the wound. He whipped me also, and used to put
-my head under the fence.
-
-Christians! I beseech you, do not become backsliders; especially
-slave-holding Christians! for the terrible effects of backsliding,
-slave-holding Christianity are awfully developed in my history!
-
-Shortly after this, the death of this man delivered me from his hands.
-I rejoiced. God only knows whether he went to perdition. With all my
-heart I have forgiven him. I expect to meet him at the bar of God with
-the scars and the tongs. Farewell, Mr. Bradford! But this is not all.
-He left all his property to his daughter Elizabeth; and her brother
-Nathan, a tax-gatherer, was overseer of the farm for her. One year
-after her father’s death, Elizabeth got married to Wm. Gardener, a
-gentleman from Baltimore, a member of the Methodist Church. I then
-thought I should have a good master. But oh, my soul! it was worse and
-worse! All is not gold that shines, nor silver that glitters. He had
-not been married a great while before my heart beat and my feet burned.
-He was a collier, engaged in burning charcoal, and used to draw it to
-the village landing, and sometimes to Baltimore.
-
-One day he left me twenty-five bushels of coal to draw. By being
-broken of my rest the night previous, engaged in watching the coal pit,
-I was tired and sleepy. When I had drawn all the coal out, supposing
-I had put the fire out, I laid down to rest my weary limbs. The coal
-burned up. Mr. Gardner came into the woods where I lay asleep, hallooed
-and scared me up; he struck me with the shovel, and cut my head so that
-I knew nothing for two days. I was so weak from the loss of blood, that
-he was compelled to carry me home on his shoulders, covering himself
-with blood. His wife was very much alarmed. We were about a mile from
-home, and he told me not to speak of it.
-
-At another time, he cut my head with a hoe handle, so that altogether
-I was sick for a long time. Mr. Gardner had a very quick temper, and
-would strike me with anything he happened to have in his hand, reckless
-of consequences.
-
-One day, Eliza (a slave girl of his,) and myself, went into the
-water-melon patch, procured a melon and ate it. We were compelled to
-this by the promptings of hunger, for the living had not altered since
-the death of Mr. Bradford. Eliza was about eighteen years of age.
-For that offence, our cruel master stripped us and tied us both up
-together, and whipped us till the blood ran down on the ground in a
-puddle.
-
-When I was sick, he used to send me into the place where they smoked
-meat, for fear I should vomit on the floor. On Wednesdays, there were
-meetings in the meeting-house, and Mr. Gardner used to make me stay
-away from the house, for the minister would come home with him, and he
-was fearful I should tell him of his cruel treatment. He did not say as
-Hagar of old--“Thou, God, seest me.”
-
-One day he sent me to drive the horse from the peach tree. The horse
-kicked me in the head, and I was laid up six months. My head was
-sewed up; and I also received a great many knocks in the side, from
-the effects of which I have not yet recovered! On one occasion, he
-struck me in the mouth with an iron-toothed rake, which knocked out
-one of my front teeth. All this time, my more fortunate reader, I was
-a poor slave boy, with no one to pity me, with no parents to take my
-part. I had no father; no mother! But God pitied me. The eye of the
-all-merciful God, without whose notice not a sparrow falls to the
-ground, was upon me. He it was that bore my feeble spirit up, when my
-lacerated and quivering frame was writhing under the God-defying curse
-of slavery.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER II.
-
-
-In the midst of all this trouble and gloom, my heart was made glad by
-learning that my old master had come to take me home, at the expiration
-of thirteen years. Mr. Gardner and my old master had a long talk about
-me, for I was a miserable looking object with burnt feet. I bade Mr.
-Gardner good bye, and expect to meet him at the judgment seat, when
-slave and master appear before the great Judge of all, with equal
-rights.
-
-My old master took me to Baltimore, where we arrived in two days. He
-asked me if I wanted a hat. I had never had one, and received one which
-cost twenty-five cents as joyfully as though it had cost eight dollars.
-We were then twenty-two miles from home. The old man asked me if I ever
-drank brandy. I said no. He said it was a good thing, and when I saw
-him drunk, I might get so too. But I could not get spirit if I wanted
-it ever so much, though I saw him drink many glasses, and have known
-him to have a barrel of whiskey at one time.
-
-We left Baltimore, and arrived at our home. When I saw my four
-brothers, who had been so long separated from me, I felt as I think
-Joseph felt when he saw his brethren, though I knew nothing of the
-history of Joseph at that time. Surely I was glad to see my brothers,
-but yet I was a slave--being with them did not make mo a free man. I
-was yet bowed down and crushed by the cruel spirit of slavery.
-
-They were about to run away at the time of my arrival; but I knew
-nothing of it. Six months, or about that time after, I joined them.
-Three of my oldest brothers went away, leaving one of my brothers and
-myself behind. This brother is still a slave. I heard from him in
-1846. We were left behind because we were not able to travel. They
-left ten years before I did, but in relation to those ten years I will
-remain silent. I was the youngest of the five brothers. My old master
-had a very bad wife, and she made him much worse than he would have
-been without her. She made him beat me without cause, and when it
-answered no purpose. During those awful ten years we had not enough
-to eat, and were beaten shamefully. Most of the time we had bean soup
-for breakfast, dinner and supper--a pint at each meal. When we had
-potatoes, we were without bread. Such was our fare; and whether hungry
-or satisfied, we had no addition to it. We were poor slaves; and the
-great object in feeding slaves is doubtless the same as it is with
-cattle and horses, to keep them in good working order, or saleable
-condition. Of course, if the health of the slave is not permanently
-injured, the nearer to the starvation point the master can keep the
-slave, the more it is for his interest; and who, that casts his eye
-back through the dark, bloody track of slavery, does not perceive that
-the masters have acted up to their interest? We sometimes had cider;
-occasionally some meat and milk, as it might happen.
-
-We remembered what our brothers told us--when we were able to run
-away, to try it on some favorable Sunday. The old man would let us go
-to meeting on Sunday at the village, but if we were not at home by
-sundown, the cowhide paid the debt. We were slaves yet, and the old man
-grew poorer and poorer the older he grew, and withal cross, much to our
-discomfort. He had a wife like king Herod, and like Ahab, for we read
-that Beelzebub stirred up Ahab to work evil in the sight of the Lord.
-
-Finally the old lady teased her husband to put my brother Nick out; and
-he let him out for ten dollars a month. I was at home with two women
-and a boy to carry on the farm, and we saw hard times. The old man had
-a son, a preacher. At times he came home, but he could not help our
-case. I was anxious to learn to read. My master had two sons who went
-to school, and four unmarried daughters. One Sunday a gentleman came to
-our house; I held his horse, and he gave me a sixpenny bit, with which
-I bought a book, and tried to learn to read. I had it but a week, when
-the old man saw it in my bosom, and made inquiry as to what it was. He
-said, “You son of a b--h, if I ever know you to have a book again, I
-will whip you half to death.” He took the book from me, and burnt it!
-What could I do? I was a slave; and the mind which God had given me,
-in common with my brethren with white skins to be enlightened, must
-be kept darkened, and remain in ignorance, to suit the policy of the
-“peculiar institution.”
-
-I omitted to mention that Mr. Buk came to see Miss Jane, one of the
-unmarried daughters, at the time he gave me the piece of money. The
-same attraction drew him there again, and he then gave me eleven pence,
-with which I purchased a larger book, thirsting for that knowledge
-which was denied me; but I had not had this book over a week before my
-master found it out; and he then made me sick of books by beating me
-like a dog. He whipped me so very severely that he overcame my thirst
-for knowledge, and I relinquished its pursuit until after I absconded.
-He took my book from me, and gave it to his son--so it seems the white
-man’s son must have the means of education, even if stolen from the
-slave. I could do nothing; but the all-merciful Father, who regards
-MAN as MAN, whatever may be the injustice and oppression to which he
-is subjected, watched over and guided me with his parental eye through
-all the soul-sickening, heart-rending trials of a gloomy bondage. I can
-prove by the scriptures that slave-holders are worse than the devil,
-for it is written in St. James, “Resist the devil, and he will flee
-from you;” but if you undertake to resist the slave-holder, he will
-hold you the tighter.
-
-I knew a man who thought it too cruel to whip his slaves, but he
-stripped them naked, tied them to a board, (one end of which was on the
-fence, the other on the ground,) and then drew a cat by her tail down
-their backs. Of course the claws of the cat sunk deeply into the flesh,
-for at such a time a cat will resist this retrograde movement to the
-extent of her strength. Then he would ask the poor slave if it hurt.
-The reply was, “Oh! pray, master, oh! pray, master, don’t.”
-
-When in slavery I experienced a hope in Christ, from the 8th verse of
-the 23d chapter of Matthew,[A] “Give us of your oil, for our lamps have
-gone out.” It was one year before I had evidence that my heart was
-changed. This was in the year 1836. I was awakened by the Holy Spirit
-of God, by its divine influence operating on my mind, and the words,
-“Give me of your oil,” rang in my ears continually; but I strove hard
-against the spirit, to shake off these feelings, yet at the end of
-this year I was brought to submit to the will of God. I beheld myself
-a justly condemned sinner before God. I felt bound to give myself up
-to Him; and obtained a pardon for my sins--and to-day I am struggling
-to make my peace, my calling and election sure. The word of that poor
-unreleased slave has proved unto me the power and wisdom of God, and
-to-day I am trying to preach Christ to the inhabitants of Nantucket.
-
-FOOTNOTE:
-
-[A] I experienced a hope under a slave man.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER III.
-
-
-My brother Nicholas said, that our brothers recommended to him and
-myself to run away when we were old enough. We used to talk this over.
-When God had opened my eyes, I grew very uneasy reflecting upon the
-condition of my brothers, who were enjoying their liberty in a land of
-freedom. I wanted also to be free. I resolved to be free. I made up my
-mind to run away in the year 1837. When I ran away, my brother Nicholas
-was not at home; but I was determined to go. I was so intimate with a
-man named Henry, one of my acquaintances, that I told him I was about
-to run away. He said he would run with me--but he proved a Judas, and
-betrayed me. We were to start on Monday night. At this time we lived
-at the village. The pasture in which our horses were kept was half a
-mile from the village. Henry told me he would meet me there at half
-past seven. I tied up all my clothes in a bundle, expecting to start.
-I waited till after eight o’clock for Henry, but he did not come. I
-started to go back after him, when, behold! I saw my old master, his
-two sons, and many other people looking for me. The moon shone very
-bright--the old man was bare-headed; his head was very white; his
-spectacles were put back upon his head, and I could see them glisten
-by the light of the moon. The only reason the old man did not see me
-was because he was near-sighted, and forgot to pull his spectacles down
-over his eyes. His two sons were standing in the road where I was to
-run, and five or six other persons on the watch for me; and my heart
-was in my mouth. Said I, “Oh! Lord, what shall I do!” I dropped down
-on my hands and feet, and ran half a mile through the grass. I left my
-bundle of clothing and three dollars in money which I had been working
-for, for some time. All the money I had with me was 75 cents; that a
-Quaker gentleman gave me that afternoon. I had told this gentleman that
-I was going to run away that night, and he told me which way to start
-to get clear. I started for Boston. I travelled all that night. The
-next morning I came out in a road opposite a tavern, where two roads
-crossed, and I knew not which to take. I took the east. I was 35 miles
-from home. The tavern keeper was standing at the door. It was about
-sunrise. He told me I had the wrong road. I came back to him, supposing
-I had met with a friend. Said he, “Do you want some breakfast?” “Yes,
-sir, if you please,” I replied. “Come in, and sit down, and you shall
-have some,” he continued. “No, sir,” said I, “I thank you; I will sit
-upon the steps.” “No,” said the Georgia man, “come in; we will have
-breakfast pretty soon, and we will all sit down together.” “No, sir,
-I thank you, I would as soon sit here;” for I thought he was most too
-kind to be honest; the Quaker man having told me to avoid Georgia men.
-When he found I would not come in, he took hold of my collar, but I
-threw him down, for I was resolved to whip the devil out of the way,
-if possible. After he was down, I ran for my life. There was a colored
-man bringing a pail of water. He cried out to him to stop me; but I
-told the colored man if he attempted to trouble me I would knock him
-down. I jumped over a fence, and the Georgia man after me; but I saw
-no more of the colored man. The white man struck me in the side with a
-stone, and run me about a mile. I recovered from the blow of the stone,
-so that I could run a little faster. God gave me strength to fight for
-my life. The white man fought me, and I fought him with any thing that
-came handy, with fists and with stones. I told him he might kill me or
-I would kill him. Finally, I whipped him. There was a Dutchman and his
-two sons sawing plank in a grist mill. He said, “Glory in your spunk,
-my man;” and when I had whipped the man he started back after dogs
-and hounds. Said the Dutchman, “Run for your life, for there are two
-Georgia men in my house.” I knew them well; they were acquaintances of
-my master’s. Their names were Joshua and Nathan Retlidge, traders.
-
-When I heard the dogs and hounds coming after me, I said, “My God! what
-shall I do!” for I knew they would put them on my track. I was about
-to give up, and wished I had never started. However, I climbed up a
-tree, and in the providence of God, the hounds scared up a rabbit. At
-the howling of the dogs, I trembled like a leaf, and knew not what
-to do. The hounds drew nearer and nearer; the rabbit came under the
-tree where I was, and, through the will of an over-ruling Providence,
-they all passed by, and I was safely delivered out of their hands. It
-was about eight o’clock in the morning when I climbed the tree. I was
-hungry and wet with dew. I staid in the tree till about five o’clock
-in the afternoon. They hunted the woods pretty well, but they did not
-find me. My words are inadequate to express my joyful feelings at my
-deliverance. God alone could know my feelings.
-
-I then started for Boston. Then, as now, God alone was my only hope.
-I travelled a number of days without eating any thing, under great
-anxiety to see Boston. One morning I met a colored man named George. He
-was running away, and had got lost. He was from Richmond, Virginia. He
-asked my name. I told him; and we travelled a number of days together.
-We called into a shop where we thought no one would harm us, and got
-something to eat. Thus, under the guidance of Providence, we proceeded
-along. We came to a farmer’s house, and we let ourselves out each to
-a farmer for $13 a month, our object being to get money to defray our
-expenses.
-
-George grew uneasy. He staid only two weeks--was fearful his master
-would overtake him. He started for New York, but reached only as far as
-Brunswick, 16 miles from where he started, and, as I heard, was taken
-up, put in jail, and carried back.
-
-I began to grow uneasy. One morning I asked the farmer for whom I
-worked for $4. He gave me that sum. We went to breakfast. I ate
-quickly, and cleared. I have not seen him since. I crossed the fields,
-missed the bridge, and came to a creek, over which I had to swim. I
-came out into the road. A man in a gig overtook me and inquired who I
-was, and where I was going. I told him to New Brunswick. He inquired
-who I knew. I named the individual I had lived with. He went to his
-house, and I took to the woods, and did not come out again until I
-reached New Brunswick. I got there about dusk--saw a colored man with a
-pail, and inquired of him the way to New York. “Stand here,” said he,
-“until I come back.” But it is a hard thing to catch a weasel asleep.
-So when he was out of sight, I vanished also. I went to the car bridge;
-the man would not let me go across. I went under the bridge and staid
-there till the cars arrived; and when the gate opened I passed, and
-bade New Brunswick good bye.
-
-I then proceeded on to New York. I travelled until one o’clock in the
-morning, though it was cold and frosty. While lying asleep, there
-came a drove of hogs. In hunting for acorns, they turned me over. I
-was alarmed, supposing my pursuers had overtaken me. I jumped up and
-started again, chilled with cold, travelled two hours, and lay down by
-the side of a hay-stack.
-
-I arose about day-break. The next place I reached was Elizabethtown.
-In going through this town, a man accosted me, saying, “I think I
-know your countenance.” “No,” said I, “I know nothing about you.” He
-inquired whence I came, and whither I was going; and I told him I was
-from home and for New York. I left him, and made my way for Newark.
-When I got there I was very hungry, for I had eaten nothing since I
-left the farm-house. I went into a bake-shop, and bought eleven pence
-worth of bread. The loaf was a pretty large one, and I commenced
-eating, but soon felt sick, laid down in the swamp, rested, and started
-again.
-
-I met some Irishmen who were working on the rail road, and I thought
-every moment I should be killed. One of them asked me where I was
-going, for what purpose, and when I should return. I told him I was
-going to New York to buy some things, and should return the same
-afternoon or next morning. He inquired whether I should return by
-the same route, and I replied “Yes.” He said “Very well,” to which I
-responded. I looked so bad I suppose he thought strange, for I had on
-the same clothes I started with. I proceeded on, came to the ferry,
-and crossed over to New York. Near the ferry there was a stable, and a
-man sitting by it. We bade each other good morning, and I inquired the
-road to Canada. He told me I must go to New York in order to get to
-Canada. “Why do you wish to go to Canada?” said he. I told him I had
-relations there. I did not then know whether my brother who ran away
-before me was in Boston or Canada. Discovering he had a disposition
-to question me, I said, “I guessed I would go to New York, get some
-clothes, and go back home.” He wished me to come into the stable, and
-sit down while he went to the house to get a coat, which he offered to
-sell me. I declined his offer, and told him I would as soon stand. He
-started off, whether in pursuit of the coat or somebody to detain me, I
-do not know, for I left immediately. I paid the ferryman a five-penny
-bit, and crossed to New York. No questions were put to me on board the
-ferry-boat.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER IV.
-
-
-When I landed, I inquired of a boy whether there was any boat that
-run to the State of Boston. I was so ignorant I knew not whether
-Boston was a State or city. In fact, I scarcely knew there was such a
-place. Slavery is as ill adapted for obtaining this kind of knowledge
-as all other kinds. He informed me the boat went to Providence, and
-showed me the way to the boat. I purchased a bosom and dickey, went on
-board of the boat, and stowed myself away among the bales of cotton,
-where I remained until we were a considerable distance from New York.
-I then felt like a FREE MAN, and walked the deck with the rest of
-the passengers. I had but little money, and wanted to save it; so I
-inquired of the engineer if I could work my passage to Providence. He
-said “Yes,” and set me to work. I worked out the first watch of the
-night, and he then told me I might go to sleep. I laid down on the
-cotton. The man came round and demanded my ticket. I told him I had
-none, that I had been working half of the night. Said he, “That I know
-nothing about. You must go to the office and settle your fare.” He said
-the fare was $3, and he could give me no ticket. I thought hard of it,
-but it was of no use to have any further conversation.
-
-I got to Providence on Sunday morning. My money was all gone. There I
-was, without friends, victuals or money. I inquired of a man if there
-was such a place as Boston, and how far it was. He said 40 miles. I
-started, and took the rail road. I walked all day Sunday, and about
-nine o’clock came to a farmer’s house. I knocked at the door; a lady
-came, and inquired what I wanted. I asked her if she would please give
-me something to eat, for I was very hungry. She invited me in; she
-went to the pump, got a cup of water, and gave me a crust of brown
-bread, from which the inside had been taken. As she gave it to me in
-the name of a disciple, she shall receive a disciple’s reward. By this
-time, the old gentleman came in. “How do you do, my man?” said he.
-“How do you do, sir?” said I. He inquired of me where I was from, when
-I left, and where I was going; and I gave him the information. After
-sitting awhile, he inquired if I would like to lie down. I told him I
-was very tired, and he took me to the barn and gave me liberty to rest
-there for the night. I said nothing, but went in. I was afraid of him;
-for he had on a blue frock, and, never having seen any one with such a
-frock on, I supposed he was a Turk. About 3 o’clock next morning I got
-up and started for Boston, being afraid to stay there any longer.
-
-I reached Boston at noon on Monday, and inquired for my brothers; but
-nobody knew anything about them. Finally, I met with a colored lady
-by the name of Sarah Taylor, the wife of John R. Taylor. I asked her
-if she knew any thing about my brothers. She said a George Black had
-passed through Boston, and lived in Portland. She said, “Come home with
-me, for I perceive you have been a slave.” I went and boarded with her
-for $3 a week. I got a gentleman to write to Portland to Mr. George
-Black, the man I thought was my brother. He supposed I was one of his
-brothers, he having three brothers in the West Indies. He invited me
-to come to Portland, and offered to pay my fare. I was very ragged and
-dirty. Mrs. Taylor wrapped me up in Mr. Taylor’s cloak, and sent me to
-Portland. Mr. Black sent down his man to the steamboat to get my trunk;
-but instead of having a trunk, I had scarcely any clothes to my back.
-When I saw Mr. Black, and found he was not my brother, I was very sad;
-and he was disappointed. He said he knew nothing of my brothers--had
-never seen them. He talked with me much about slavery, and I unfolded
-to him my history, and that of others. Mr. Black was very kind to me,
-indeed, and did all in his power to render me happy. Mrs. Black, his
-wife, was more than a mother to me, and the whole family were very
-kind to me. I married Mr. Black’s daughter. I could not go to church
-the first Sunday after my arrival, for I was ragged and dirty. The
-following week, Mrs. Black and her daughter made me some clothes. I
-had been there but a short time when Mr. Black sent me to school. I
-went to school that winter, and learned very fast. Mr. Black charged me
-nothing for my board that winter. When near spring, Mr. Black sent me
-up to Bridgetown, 34 miles from Portland, to live with Major Purley, a
-farmer. Mr. Purley gave me $10 a month, and was anxious for me to go
-to school; but I told him no. I owed Mr. Black, and wanted to get some
-clothes, and could not spare the time.
-
-At length George Ropes wrote me from Portland, to come and live with
-him. I went there, and boarded with Mr. Black. I was engineer for Mr.
-Ropes in the steam factory, and lived with him one season; and when the
-Rev. Mr. Black removed to Boston to be settled over the Belknap-street
-Church, I accompanied him. The reason why I removed to Boston with Mr.
-Black, was because I had fallen in love with his daughter. I trust
-this reason will be deemed ample by all those who have experienced
-the tender workings of this mysterious passion. Only a few months
-after my return to Boston, I married Mr. Black’s daughter, though
-young and poor; and I am still poor. I had four children, one of whom
-is deceased. I lived at service in Boston. Sometimes I worked on the
-wharves. But I was in an unsettled state, being under the impression
-that I should preach the Gospel. I firstly derived these impressions
-in Boston, and they have not left me. I was baptized before I left
-Portland, by the Rev. Mr. Burroughs, who is now in his grave. I joined
-the Belknap street Church while Mr. Black was pastor. I lived there
-five years: then I found Boston was not the place for me, for its
-vanities and maxims were not suited to my disposition. I prepared to
-live in the country, for I had a desire to be diligent in business,
-fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. I began to think of perishing
-souls, and the cause of God laid near my heart. I felt that God had a
-claim upon me, that I was not my own master; but I struggled against
-these impressions, for I was inadequate, unlearned and unprepared. I
-could say as said Jeremiah, “Behold, I cannot speak, for I am a child;
-but the Lord said unto me, Say not thou art a child, for thou shalt go
-to all to whom I shall send thee, and whatever I command thee, thou
-shalt do;” Jer. i:6-7. And I said as Moses did, “I am slow of speech
-and of a slow tongue;” Exod. iv:10. My call was now unto the sons of
-men. The time had arrived for me to leave Boston.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER V.
-
-
-I left my family in Boston, and went to Providence, R. I., to live with
-President Wayland. While living with Dr. Wayland, I tried to improve
-my mind, and it gives me pleasure to state, that that gentleman did
-all in his power to assist me. I connected myself with the Rev. Mr.
-Ashur’s Church in Providence, and had a bible class, being as active
-as possible in the Sabbath School. After being connected with Brother
-Ashur’s Church a short time, he invited me to officiate for him one
-Sunday morning, as he knew I was accustomed to exhort when in Boston.
-
-I left Dr. Wayland and went to work with Mr. Andrew, a stone mason,
-and continued to work for him while he had employment for me. In this
-time, I had moved my family from Boston to Providence. Finally, I told
-the brethren and pastor of the church that God had called me to the
-work of the ministry. They agreed to give me a hearing. They did so,
-and appointed a committee to see me; and the result was, the brethren
-thought I was not called to preach--“that Brother Black had better wait
-awhile longer.” Dr. Wayland thought I had not learning enough to preach.
-
-I know that I am of a slow tongue, and unlearned; but what says the
-prophet Zachariah? “Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith
-the Lord of hosts. Who art thou, O great mountain? before Zerubbabel
-thou shalt become a plain; and he shall bring forth the head stone
-thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it;” iv:6, 7.
-
-At length I got discouraged, let myself out to Mr. Foster in
-Providence, and run in his canal boat from Providence to Woonsocket.
-The few books I had I carried to auction, and almost gave up in
-despair; for some of the brethren were looking upon me with a frown
-and dark looks. I knew I was a poor unlearned fugitive. I had given
-up the idea of preaching, nor did I wish to hear about it, and was
-sorry I mentioned it to the brethren or any one else. So I went to the
-canal boat, working for $12 a month, having a family to support. But
-oh! Lord! my trouble had not come. Mr. Foster was a kind man. I had
-worked on the canal about three weeks, when I met with a sad accident.
-We arrived at Woonsocket one night with a load of coal; it began to
-rain, and rained all the next day. The captain said we must get up at
-2 o’clock the next morning, and carry the boat up through the lock,
-for the current ran so hard when the factory started, it was difficult
-getting up. The coal was going to Waterford, one mile from Woonsocket.
-When I mounted the horse to return, it being very dark, and raining
-very hard, the horse started before I was fairly upon his back; his
-hind legs gave way, he fell backwards on me, and broke my leg. While
-I was struggling with the horse upon me, words came unto me like
-these--“This is for your disobedience.” My companions were a little way
-behind, and they heard me haloo. The horse in struggling to get clear,
-cut my face with his foot. I was hurt so badly that my wife had to feed
-me with a tea-spoon. The men came up and got the horse off of me, and
-I was not aware my leg was broken until I started to run. It was about
-four o’clock in the morning. They laid me on the horse, and carried me
-back to the tavern; but oh! the pain, the misery I was in. It rained
-hard, and they were all asleep at the tavern; so that I remained
-exposed to the rain some time. They sent for the doctor immediately,
-but he did not arrive until nine o’clock, and then set my leg. The
-owner of the tavern sent me home in a carriage, a distance of nineteen
-miles, where we arrived at sundown.
-
-My folks thought I was dead. The moment the carriage drew up to the
-door, they took me out, carried me into the house, and laid me on a bed.
-
-My distress of body was very great, and the anguish of my mind was
-extreme--for I had but little victuals in the house, was without
-money, and there was about to be an increase in my family. My wife was
-unwell, and I was laid prostrate on the bed. Then the saying of the
-apostle Paul came fresh to my mind--“In every thing give thanks, for
-this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you;” Thes. v:18.
-At first, I could see no place where I could give thanks. The streams
-of livelihood were dried up, and the hand of Providence was closed, it
-seemed to me. I had no income save my daily labor. I was a stranger in
-that community, but in reflecting on Him whose kindness tempers the
-wind to the shorn lamb, I had reason to be thankful; first, that both
-legs were not broken; second, that my arms were whole; and last and
-greatest, that God had spared my life to see my family once more.
-
-Not many days after, the hand of Providence was directed to my house.
-Unexpected stores were opened to my relief. President Wayland and other
-benevolent individuals, ladies and gentlemen, remembered me in their
-kindness. While I was confined to my couch, the scenes of by-gone
-ages passed in review. I remembered the vow I had made to God. My
-eyes gushed out with tears. I could say then as did David of old--“I
-found trouble and sorrow; then called I upon the name of the Lord.” I
-found the Lord my refuge and strength, a present help in trouble. I
-said it was better to have a broken leg in a land of freedom, than to
-have sound limbs under the curse of slavery. While I was musing one
-night, and meditating upon God and his providence, I closed my eyes,
-and whether asleep or awake I know not, but I viewed a rod at the foot
-of my bed, about four feet high. It was wrapped in black and red, and
-a smaller rod was lying in the bed with me. The large rod reflected
-on the small rod, and the words of John (iii:14,) came to me--“And as
-Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, the son of man must be
-lifted up.” Then I remembered the words of the Lord, and promised Him
-at that hour if he would raise me up again, I would obey His call. In
-the course of a few months God raised me up, and I was willing to obey
-Him, took my life in my hand, and went out into the wide world as a
-lamb in the midst of the wilderness. I trusted that God would be with
-me; His rod and His staff would encompass me.
-
-When I started, I left a wife and two children. I left them in the
-care of God. I went a little ways down east, and was gone seven weeks.
-Wherever I went, the brethren received me gladly. I returned, but
-remained at home but little while, and as I had never seen New Bedford,
-I left what little means I had with my family, and started for that
-town. When I got there I knew not where to go, for I was a stranger.
-I inquired for the Rev. Mr. Allen, the Baptist minister, and also for
-the Rev. Mr. Jackson. I stayed at New Bedford a few days; and as I had
-heard much said of Nantucket, I wanted to go there. I told Mr. Jackson
-I wanted to go to Nantucket, but had no money. He said, “You should
-not have left home without money.” “No, sir,” said I, “but I had none
-to fetch.” But two wrongs will not make one right. Mr. Jackson gave me
-half a dollar, and I obtained some more money among the brethren and
-sisters, and took the steamboat for Nantucket. I had yet no license to
-preach. I had a letter of recommendation from the pastor of the church
-to which I belonged, not only as a brother, but as a beloved brother.
-
-When I arrived at Nantucket, I inquired for Deacon Berry, of the York
-street, Baptist Church, and handed him my letter of recommendation.
-They had no preacher. When I went to the church on Sabbath morning,
-the house was open for preaching. The fame went abroad that a strange
-minister from Providence had arrived. I preached for them that Sabbath
-to the best of my ability. I was but a child in the Gospel.
-
-It was my intention to leave for Providence on the following Tuesday;
-but the brethren prevailed on me to stay longer, and I remained several
-weeks. The brethren gave me a call, and being young, I accepted it. I
-went out to beg money to repair their house of worship, and afterwards
-left for Providence.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER VI.
-
-
-I will now say something of slavery. I shall say nothing but what I
-know to be true. Slavery is a cruel system. The effects of it are
-scattered abroad throughout the land. It is the reigning evil of the
-country; yea, the mother of all evil. Why is it the mother of all evil?
-I answer in the language of Holy Writ, which saith, “Do unto all men
-as you would have them do unto you.” It is not done. Again: “Love thy
-neighbor as thyself. This is the law and the prophets.” It is not done.
-Reader,--where is the slaveholder who would wish his slaves to do to
-him as he does to them? There are none. Hence, then, the enormity of
-the evil.
-
-Dear reader: understand one thing. The slaves are taught ignorance
-as we teach our children knowledge. They are kept in darkness, and
-are borne down under a cruel, cruel oppression! All human rights are
-denied them as citizens! They are not recognized as men! My old master
-frequently said, “he did not believe a d----d nigger had any soul!”
-They are made to undergo everything as a beast. Having a full, perfect,
-undeniable right to stand out before God as MEN, the cruel, God-defying
-white man, without semblance of right, with no pretence but might, has
-prostituted them to the base purpose of his cupidity, and his baser
-beastly passions, reducing them to mere things, mere chattels, to be
-bought and sold like hogs and sheep! Born, like the white man, to an
-individual responsibility to the Father of mercies, the treatment of
-the white man to the poor African, unmixed with mercy, has curtained
-his mind to all knowledge, aye, even to the knowledge of the God of
-heaven and earth, and thus removed from him the accountability!
-But, where does this terrible accountability rest? Let the hardened
-slave-tyrant, when he stands quivering before the Almighty bar of
-retribution, answer this question! Well might Thomas Jefferson remark,
-when his deep, penetrating mind was reflecting upon the stupendous
-wrongs of slavery, “I tremble for my country, when I remember that God
-is just, and that his justice cannot slumber forever?” I appeal, then,
-to every rational, intelligent mind, if slavery be not an abomination
-in the sight of the Lord.
-
-It has been said that slaves have no intellect. I deny it. God has
-given them minds capable of cultivation. Uncultivated ground will not
-bring forth fruit. All the slave requires is cultivation, for he is
-possessed of all the qualities of the white man.
-
-Reader: we have heard of the wisdom of King Solomon, son of David, the
-grandson of ancient Jesse. The Queen of Basheba has declared that half
-had never been told her. History informs us that Solomon was as black
-as black satin, with handsome features and smooth skin.
-
-I could refer to many of the colored race whose mental endowments are
-superior to many of those arrogant white men who abhor a colored man
-and pretend to be his superior in knowledge.
-
-The language of Jesus Christ to his apostles should teach us not to
-despise the workmanship of God. “He that despiseth you, despiseth me.”
-Do men, I ask, realize the awful evil of slavery? Are they aware of
-its terrible calamities? Has it not become so familiar, from its long
-existence, as almost to reconcile the tender conscience to its infamous
-enormities? It must be so. There is no other mode of accounting for the
-fact, that men, good christians in other respects, quietly hold slaves
-at the south, while their equally guilty brethren of the north assent
-to it, and participate in its profits.
-
-Should we not remember them that are in bondage as bound with them? Say
-not only slaves be obedient to your masters according to the flesh, but
-also say, masters, render unto your servants that which is right; and
-if that principle were carried out, slavery would be abolished.
-
-How do the masters teach the slaves ignorance? Having been a slave,
-I answer the question. When the master asks the slave, Tom, Harry,
-Dick or Bill, “Do you love your master?” he answers, “Yes, massa, I
-lub you.” “Come here and get a dram; drink us a treat, you son of a
-b...h.” Why does the slave say “Yes, sir?” Because he is afraid to say
-any thing else. He is crushed under the iron heel of the slave-tyrant!
-
-The time is coming when the wrongs of the slave will be redressed.
-Yes, the time is coming when their blood will cry unto the Lord for
-deliverance.
-
-It is very customary to magnify the evils of emancipation. It is said
-by very many persons that the slaves, if liberated, would become an
-idle, vagabond set. This remark, doubtless, is sometimes made in
-sincerity; but no doubt it is frequently used as a sort of salve to
-quiet the conscience for inaction. It is most unquestionably true that
-here and there a case would exist of improvidence, just as they exist
-among the white population; but such cases would form the exception,
-not the rule. Persons who indulge in such remarks seem entirely
-unacquainted with the views and feelings of slaves, and to suppose that
-they are utterly incapable of appreciating, even to a small extent,
-the blessings and enjoyments of freedom. But this is a mistake, and
-operates powerfully on some minds to prevent wholesome action in favor
-of the liberation of the slave. It is to be hoped that all true men
-and women who are held back from engaging in the cause of the slave
-by this consideration, will take pains to examine the subject with
-care, ere they yield to this pernicious opinion. As to those who have
-better knowledge, and make use of this assumed fact as a scape-goat for
-their lethargy, not having independence enough to confess the truth,
-I commend them, together with their meanness, to such particles of
-conscience as are yet left unscathed by the searing iron of hypocrisy.
-
-It is further averred, both honestly and for selfish purposes, as in
-the case just stated, that the slaves, if liberated, would rush for
-the north, overwhelming the workingmen in this region with misery and
-despair. This I know to be untrue, both from observation and my own
-experience. The climate of the balmy south is much better adapted to
-the nature of the colored man, than the more rigorous one of greater
-northern latitude. It is not the _south_ we abhor. It is _slavery_ we
-abhor. God has made the south and blessed it. Man, in his selfishness,
-has cursed it. Remove slavery, and we join hearts and hands with the
-south. Give us equal rights. Give us justice. Make us MEN. Give us pay
-for our toil, and we will work at the south.
-
-It is a matter of astonishment that slavery has so long existed,
-and yet that its enormities have taken so little hold on a people
-professing to be Christians. In a country whose inhabitants dipped
-their hands in blood to establish FREEDOM, there are over _two and a
-half millions_ of human beings, entitled to all the rights of white
-men, held in absolute bondage. Are the people of this nation aware of
-this fact? Thousands of times has this awful truth been reiterated in
-the ears of American Christians, and yet from the profound indifference
-which yet generally exists on the subject, we are led to ask, Do the
-people of this nation realize the fact? More than any other nation
-on earth we boast of our liberty, our refinement, our advancement
-in the arts and sciences, our railroads, our various facilities for
-intercommunication, and all the outward appliances to render life
-comfortable. We have seized upon the very lightning of Heaven, and
-commanded it to bear our messages from one distant point to another
-without the intervention of time, literally annihilating all space:
-and we not only boast of these things, but we aver in the face of the
-abhorrent fact of slavery, that we are the most virtuous nation on
-earth! To the enormity of slavery we are, indeed, spiritually dead.
-Were slavery about to commence, were we to summon the voters of this
-nation to the polls to decide whether two and a half millions of human
-beings should be subjected to this bondage, what think you, reader,
-would be the result? Can there be a man found who would vote for the
-measure, unless indeed the love of money had so blunted all humanity as
-to render his better feelings entirely inactive?
-
-It is in vain for apologists of slavery to defend it by such arguments
-as this: They will tell you that the slaves of the south are better
-fed and clothed than the colored people of the north. The fact is not
-admitted. But, suppose it were a fact. Is man to be considered as a
-mere ox, to be bowed up and stall fed? Is he a mere victuals grinder
-and clothes horse? Or, has he a higher nature? Has he not a mind
-capable of rising higher and higher in all that is expansive, pure and
-holy? Has he not within him a spark of pure Divinity, which, when he is
-surrounded with high and ennobling influences, is fanned into a light
-so bright as to lead us to respond to the glorious truth, Man is indeed
-made in the image of his God?
-
-Do you talk of _selling a man_? You might as well talk of selling
-immortality or sunshine! You might as well talk of your right to
-monopolise the atmosphere, to determine how much air a man should
-breathe, and to retail it out to him by the jaw-full!
-
-Again, it is said the slave has a maintenance guaranteed to him in old
-age, and is thus rendered free from those corroding cares in reference
-to his support which wear upon the poor free man. Is this provision of
-so high a consequence that men voluntarily submit to slavery? Are the
-masters willing to exchange the advantages derived from the unrequited
-labor of the slave for a freedom from this guarantee? The slave-holders
-of the south cannot make us believe they are so verdant as thus to
-have mistaken their interest. Away, then, with the argument that a
-God-created MAN should be made a man-created thing!
-
-American fathers, let me ask _you_, are the _advantages_ of slavery
-sufficient to induce _you_ to submit to the terrible wrong of being
-separated from _your_ wives and children, and sold to a distant owner?
-American mothers, do _you_ desire that _your_ husbands should be torn
-from the hearth-stone, and sold from your presence forever? Do you wish
-your children snatched from your cradles, knocked off at auction to
-the highest bidder, to go away from you forever? If not, then let your
-apologies for slavery cease.
-
-Reader, I take my leave of you, with the fond hope, that the
-recuperative moral energies both of the north and the south will soon
-herald the dawn of that glorious day when the sweat and blood of the
-unfortunate African shall no longer be struck into coin for the use of
-the cruel, unrelenting white man.
-
-
-ERRATA.--On page 13, second line from the bottom, for “writing” read
-writhing.
-
-
-
-
-THE TRAVELLING PILGRIM.
-
-     I have no friends, no helper nigh,
-     But He who heard the raven’s cry;
-     My father’s house I’ve bid adieu,
-     And on my journey I pursue.
-
-     My sister wonders where I am,
-     But I shall not return again;
-     My sisters, brothers, think it strange
-     That I should leave my nearest friends.
-
-     But my kind friends I now must leave,
-     And on my journey I proceed,
-     To attend an appointment I have made,
-     To find a place to lay my head.
-
-     And if poor sinners did but know
-     How much for them I undergo,
-     They would not treat me with contempt,
-     Nor curse me when I say “repent.”
-
-     But O! the trials of my heart,
-     Through rain, through snow, I have to go,
-     And when I’m called to leave this flesh,
-     I trust with Jesus Christ to rest.
-
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-      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black, by Leonard Black.
-    </title>
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-
-<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black, by Leonard Black</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<table style='min-width:0; padding:0; margin-left:0; border-collapse:collapse'>
-  <tr><td>Title:</td><td>The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black</td></tr>
-  <tr><td></td><td>A Fugitive from Slavery</td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Leonard Black</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: April 09, 2021 [eBook #65033]</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Nick Wall, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Books project.)</div>
-
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF LEONARD BLACK ***</div>
-
-<div class="center"><img src="images/front.jpg" alt="title page" /></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
-
-<h1>THE <br />LIFE AND SUFFERINGS <br />OF <br />LEONARD BLACK, <br />A FUGITIVE FROM SLAVERY.</h1>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<p class="bold">WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.</p>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<p class="bold">NEW BEDFORD: <br />PRESS OF BENJAMIN LINDSEY. <br />1847.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>NOTICE.</h2>
-
-<p>Doubts having been expressed upon sundry matters connected with the
-following little narrative, Mr. Black has requested me to say a few
-words concerning its authorship and claims to belief.</p>
-
-<p>The book was written substantially by Mr. Black himself, but, in
-consequence of his deficiency of education&mdash;growing out of the
-fact that his childhood and youth were spent in slavery&mdash;it needed
-considerable correction to fit it for the press. This work was
-kindly performed, gratuitously, by a friend of the author, who was,
-however, very careful to preserve the narrative as nearly unchanged
-as possible&mdash;confining himself mostly to punctuating, correcting the
-orthography, striking out unnecessary words and sentences, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
-
-<p>I am well acquainted with Mr. Black, and have the fullest confidence
-in the truth of his narrative, as has the friend who assisted him in
-preparing it for the press, and, indeed, every one who knows him.</p>
-
-<p class="right">A. M. MACY.</p>
-
-<p>Nantucket, October 30th, 1847.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>INTRODUCTION.</h2>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<p>In putting this little volume before the public, it is well, perhaps,
-that I should speak of my motive.</p>
-
-<p>Born and reared in slavery, I was, of course, deprived of education;
-and believing that I can be of service to the public in the ministry,
-I have published this account of my life and sufferings, with the hope
-that I might realize a sufficient sum from its sale, to enable me to
-procure a greater degree of education, thereby increasing my usefulness
-as a preacher.</p>
-
-<p>With this simple statement I present myself to the humane, in the hope
-that I may not appeal in vain.</p>
-
-<p class="right">LEONARD BLACK.</p>
-
-<p>April, 1847. </p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="bold2">LIFE AND SUFFERINGS</p>
-
-<p class="bold">OF</p>
-
-<p class="bold2">LEONARD BLACK.</p>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<h2>CHAPTER I.</h2>
-
-<p>It is my object to give to the reader a plain, simple narrative of the
-more interesting portion of my life, while in slavery.</p>
-
-<p>I was born in Annarundel County, State of Maryland, about sixty miles
-below Baltimore, and lived a slave more than twenty years. My old
-master was a physician, but I think it prudent to withhold his name.
-No one, who has always enjoyed the right of liberty, can realize the
-horrors of slavery. To be at the will of another, to be <i>owned</i> like
-a cow or horse, and liable at any moment to be sold to the highest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
-bidder, to be transported to a distant part of the country, leaving
-the dearest relatives behind; to be, in fine, ground down mentally and
-physically by the untold curses of slavery, may be a very pretty thing
-to the masters of the &#8220;peculiar institution,&#8221; but it is death to the
-slaves.</p>
-
-<p>After more than twenty years of bondage, God delivered me from it, with
-a strong hand and an outstretched arm, as he did Israel of old.</p>
-
-<p>As near as I can remember, my mother and sister were sold and taken
-to New Orleans, leaving four brothers and myself behind. We were all
-placed out. At six years of age I was placed with a Mr. Bradford,
-separated from my father, mother and family. But the eye of God was
-upon me, and blessed me. My master was a carpenter, and much from
-home&mdash;Mrs. Bradford beat me so much that her husband sent me to his
-father&#8217;s. Mrs. Bradford ordered me one day to take a bushel of corn
-up stairs; but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> I was unable to do it, upon which she knocked me
-down with the johnny-cake board, cutting my head so badly that it
-bled more than a quart. It was then that I thought of my mother. My
-little friends&mdash;who have your liberty, and the protecting hand of
-parents&mdash;these are some of the fruits of slavery; let your hearts warm
-with gratitude to the great Giver of all good, for the blessings you
-enjoy. Mrs. Bradford had a son about ten years old; she used to make
-him beat me and spit in my face. Here I was, a poor slave boy, without
-father or mother to take my part.</p>
-
-<p>At the end of two years, Mrs. Bradford beat me so much, that her
-husband, fearing she would kill me, placed me at his father&#8217;s, where I
-remained until the death of the old gentleman. But old Mr. Bradford was
-worse than Mrs. Bradford! He had been a professor of religion, a class
-leader in the Methodist Church, but at this time he was a backslider;
-yea, a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> wanderer from God, and as cold as though he had never been
-warmed by the vivifying power of the religion of Jesus Christ.</p>
-
-<p>I lived in this family seven and a half years, and when I left I was
-thirteen years old. During this time I had no hat, no pantaloons, but
-one pair of shoes, and wore a lindsey slip only. I was not allowed
-to sit down while I ate my meals. For my breakfast I had a pint of
-pot liquor, half a herring, and a little piece of bread. Whether this
-would stay the cravings of a young appetite or not, there was no more
-to be had. For my dinner I had a pint of pot liquor, and the skin off
-of the pork. I must say as the colored people say at the south, when
-singing to cheer their hearts while under the burning sun, and the
-crack of the whip, remembering what is placed before them every day for
-food&mdash;&#8220;My old master is a hard-hearted man; he eats the meat, and gives
-poor nigger bones.&#8221; At night I had a bit of bread for my supper, and
-a piece<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> of carpet for my bed, spread down on the hearth, winter and
-summer. In the winter, when the fire got low, I used to burn my feet by
-getting them into the embers.</p>
-
-<p>My work, in the winter time, was to fetch wood from the swamp up to the
-house. Being without shoes or hat, and thinly clad, I used to go into
-the house to warm myself. When in the house for this purpose, at one
-time, old Mr. Bradford followed me in, and said: &#8220;If you want to be
-warmed, I&#8217;ll warm you.&#8221; He took the tongs, heated them in the fire, and
-branded my legs; and the scars are there to this day. I could not sit
-down in consequence of the wound. He whipped me also, and used to put
-my head under the fence.</p>
-
-<p>Christians! I beseech you, do not become backsliders; especially
-slave-holding Christians! for the terrible effects of backsliding,
-slave-holding Christianity are awfully developed in my history! </p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Shortly after this, the death of this man delivered me from his hands.
-I rejoiced. God only knows whether he went to perdition. With all my
-heart I have forgiven him. I expect to meet him at the bar of God with
-the scars and the tongs. Farewell, Mr. Bradford! But this is not all.
-He left all his property to his daughter Elizabeth; and her brother
-Nathan, a tax-gatherer, was overseer of the farm for her. One year
-after her father&#8217;s death, Elizabeth got married to Wm. Gardener, a
-gentleman from Baltimore, a member of the Methodist Church. I then
-thought I should have a good master. But oh, my soul! it was worse and
-worse! All is not gold that shines, nor silver that glitters. He had
-not been married a great while before my heart beat and my feet burned.
-He was a collier, engaged in burning charcoal, and used to draw it to
-the village landing, and sometimes to Baltimore.</p>
-
-<p>One day he left me twenty-five bushels of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> coal to draw. By being
-broken of my rest the night previous, engaged in watching the coal pit,
-I was tired and sleepy. When I had drawn all the coal out, supposing
-I had put the fire out, I laid down to rest my weary limbs. The coal
-burned up. Mr. Gardner came into the woods where I lay asleep, hallooed
-and scared me up; he struck me with the shovel, and cut my head so that
-I knew nothing for two days. I was so weak from the loss of blood, that
-he was compelled to carry me home on his shoulders, covering himself
-with blood. His wife was very much alarmed. We were about a mile from
-home, and he told me not to speak of it.</p>
-
-<p>At another time, he cut my head with a hoe handle, so that altogether
-I was sick for a long time. Mr. Gardner had a very quick temper, and
-would strike me with anything he happened to have in his hand, reckless
-of consequences.</p>
-
-<p>One day, Eliza (a slave girl of his,) and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>myself, went into the
-water-melon patch, procured a melon and ate it. We were compelled to
-this by the promptings of hunger, for the living had not altered since
-the death of Mr. Bradford. Eliza was about eighteen years of age.
-For that offence, our cruel master stripped us and tied us both up
-together, and whipped us till the blood ran down on the ground in a
-puddle.</p>
-
-<p>When I was sick, he used to send me into the place where they smoked
-meat, for fear I should vomit on the floor. On Wednesdays, there were
-meetings in the meeting-house, and Mr. Gardner used to make me stay
-away from the house, for the minister would come home with him, and he
-was fearful I should tell him of his cruel treatment. He did not say as
-Hagar of old&mdash;&#8220;Thou, God, seest me.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>One day he sent me to drive the horse from the peach tree. The horse
-kicked me in the head, and I was laid up six months. My head was
-sewed up; and I also received a great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> many knocks in the side, from
-the effects of which I have not yet recovered! On one occasion, he
-struck me in the mouth with an iron-toothed rake, which knocked out
-one of my front teeth. All this time, my more fortunate reader, I was
-a poor slave boy, with no one to pity me, with no parents to take my
-part. I had no father; no mother! But God pitied me. The eye of the
-all-merciful God, without whose notice not a sparrow falls to the
-ground, was upon me. He it was that bore my feeble spirit up, when my
-lacerated and quivering frame was writhing under the God-defying curse
-of slavery.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2>
-
-<p>In the midst of all this trouble and gloom, my heart was made glad by
-learning that my old master had come to take me home, at the expiration
-of thirteen years. Mr. Gardner and my old master had a long talk about
-me, for I was a miserable looking object with burnt feet. I bade Mr.
-Gardner good bye, and expect to meet him at the judgment seat, when
-slave and master appear before the great Judge of all, with equal
-rights.</p>
-
-<p>My old master took me to Baltimore, where we arrived in two days. He
-asked me if I wanted a hat. I had never had one, and received one which
-cost twenty-five cents as joyfully as though it had cost eight dollars.
-We were then twenty-two miles from home. The old man asked me if I ever
-drank brandy. I said no. He said it was a good thing, and when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> I saw
-him drunk, I might get so too. But I could not get spirit if I wanted
-it ever so much, though I saw him drink many glasses, and have known
-him to have a barrel of whiskey at one time.</p>
-
-<p>We left Baltimore, and arrived at our home. When I saw my four
-brothers, who had been so long separated from me, I felt as I think
-Joseph felt when he saw his brethren, though I knew nothing of the
-history of Joseph at that time. Surely I was glad to see my brothers,
-but yet I was a slave&mdash;being with them did not make mo a free man. I
-was yet bowed down and crushed by the cruel spirit of slavery.</p>
-
-<p>They were about to run away at the time of my arrival; but I knew
-nothing of it. Six months, or about that time after, I joined them.
-Three of my oldest brothers went away, leaving one of my brothers and
-myself behind. This brother is still a slave. I heard from him in
-1846. We were left behind because we were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> not able to travel. They
-left ten years before I did, but in relation to those ten years I will
-remain silent. I was the youngest of the five brothers. My old master
-had a very bad wife, and she made him much worse than he would have
-been without her. She made him beat me without cause, and when it
-answered no purpose. During those awful ten years we had not enough
-to eat, and were beaten shamefully. Most of the time we had bean soup
-for breakfast, dinner and supper&mdash;a pint at each meal. When we had
-potatoes, we were without bread. Such was our fare; and whether hungry
-or satisfied, we had no addition to it. We were poor slaves; and the
-great object in feeding slaves is doubtless the same as it is with
-cattle and horses, to keep them in good working order, or saleable
-condition. Of course, if the health of the slave is not permanently
-injured, the nearer to the starvation point the master can keep the
-slave, the more it is for his <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>interest; and who, that casts his eye
-back through the dark, bloody track of slavery, does not perceive that
-the masters have acted up to their interest? We sometimes had cider;
-occasionally some meat and milk, as it might happen.</p>
-
-<p>We remembered what our brothers told us&mdash;when we were able to run
-away, to try it on some favorable Sunday. The old man would let us go
-to meeting on Sunday at the village, but if we were not at home by
-sundown, the cowhide paid the debt. We were slaves yet, and the old man
-grew poorer and poorer the older he grew, and withal cross, much to our
-discomfort. He had a wife like king Herod, and like Ahab, for we read
-that Beelzebub stirred up Ahab to work evil in the sight of the Lord.</p>
-
-<p>Finally the old lady teased her husband to put my brother Nick out; and
-he let him out for ten dollars a month. I was at home with two women
-and a boy to carry on the farm,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> and we saw hard times. The old man had
-a son, a preacher. At times he came home, but he could not help our
-case. I was anxious to learn to read. My master had two sons who went
-to school, and four unmarried daughters. One Sunday a gentleman came to
-our house; I held his horse, and he gave me a sixpenny bit, with which
-I bought a book, and tried to learn to read. I had it but a week, when
-the old man saw it in my bosom, and made inquiry as to what it was. He
-said, &#8220;You son of a b&mdash;h, if I ever know you to have a book again, I
-will whip you half to death.&#8221; He took the book from me, and burnt it!
-What could I do? I was a slave; and the mind which God had given me,
-in common with my brethren with white skins to be enlightened, must
-be kept darkened, and remain in ignorance, to suit the policy of the
-&#8220;peculiar institution.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>I omitted to mention that Mr. Buk came to see Miss Jane, one of the
-unmarried daughters,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> at the time he gave me the piece of money. The
-same attraction drew him there again, and he then gave me eleven pence,
-with which I purchased a larger book, thirsting for that knowledge
-which was denied me; but I had not had this book over a week before
-my master found it out; and he then made me sick of books by beating
-me like a dog. He whipped me so very severely that he overcame my
-thirst for knowledge, and I relinquished its pursuit until after I
-absconded. He took my book from me, and gave it to his son&mdash;so it seems
-the white man&#8217;s son must have the means of education, even if stolen
-from the slave. I could do nothing; but the all-merciful Father, who
-regards <span class="smaller">MAN</span> as <span class="smaller">MAN</span>, whatever may be the injustice and
-oppression to which he is subjected, watched over and guided me with
-his parental eye through all the soul-sickening, heart-rending trials
-of a gloomy bondage. I can prove by the scriptures that slave-holders
-are worse<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> than the devil, for it is written in St. James, &#8220;Resist the
-devil, and he will flee from you;&#8221; but if you undertake to resist the
-slave-holder, he will hold you the tighter.</p>
-
-<p>I knew a man who thought it too cruel to whip his slaves, but he
-stripped them naked, tied them to a board, (one end of which was on the
-fence, the other on the ground,) and then drew a cat by her tail down
-their backs. Of course the claws of the cat sunk deeply into the flesh,
-for at such a time a cat will resist this retrograde movement to the
-extent of her strength. Then he would ask the poor slave if it hurt.
-The reply was, &#8220;Oh! pray, master, oh! pray, master, don&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>When in slavery I experienced a hope in Christ, from the 8th verse of
-the 23d chapter of Matthew,<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" >[A]</a> &#8220;Give us of your oil, for our lamps have
-gone out.&#8221; It was one year before I had evidence that my heart was
-changed.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> This was in the year 1836. I was awakened by the Holy Spirit
-of God, by its divine influence operating on my mind, and the words,
-&#8220;Give me of your oil,&#8221; rang in my ears continually; but I strove hard
-against the spirit, to shake off these feelings, yet at the end of
-this year I was brought to submit to the will of God. I beheld myself
-a justly condemned sinner before God. I felt bound to give myself up
-to Him; and obtained a pardon for my sins&mdash;and to-day I am struggling
-to make my peace, my calling and election sure. The word of that poor
-unreleased slave has proved unto me the power and wisdom of God, and
-to-day I am trying to preach Christ to the inhabitants of Nantucket.</p>
-
-<h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1">[A]</a> I experienced a hope under a slave man.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2>
-
-<p>My brother Nicholas said, that our brothers recommended to him and
-myself to run away when we were old enough. We used to talk this over.
-When God had opened my eyes, I grew very uneasy reflecting upon the
-condition of my brothers, who were enjoying their liberty in a land of
-freedom. I wanted also to be free. I resolved to be free. I made up my
-mind to run away in the year 1837. When I ran away, my brother Nicholas
-was not at home; but I was determined to go. I was so intimate with a
-man named Henry, one of my acquaintances, that I told him I was about
-to run away. He said he would run with me&mdash;but he proved a Judas, and
-betrayed me. We were to start on Monday night. At this time we lived
-at the village. The pasture in which our horses were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> kept was half a
-mile from the village. Henry told me he would meet me there at half
-past seven. I tied up all my clothes in a bundle, expecting to start.
-I waited till after eight o&#8217;clock for Henry, but he did not come. I
-started to go back after him, when, behold! I saw my old master, his
-two sons, and many other people looking for me. The moon shone very
-bright&mdash;the old man was bare-headed; his head was very white; his
-spectacles were put back upon his head, and I could see them glisten
-by the light of the moon. The only reason the old man did not see me
-was because he was near-sighted, and forgot to pull his spectacles down
-over his eyes. His two sons were standing in the road where I was to
-run, and five or six other persons on the watch for me; and my heart
-was in my mouth. Said I, &#8220;Oh! Lord, what shall I do!&#8221; I dropped down
-on my hands and feet, and ran half a mile through the grass. I left my
-bundle of clothing and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> three dollars in money which I had been working
-for, for some time. All the money I had with me was 75 cents; that a
-Quaker gentleman gave me that afternoon. I had told this gentleman that
-I was going to run away that night, and he told me which way to start
-to get clear. I started for Boston. I travelled all that night. The
-next morning I came out in a road opposite a tavern, where two roads
-crossed, and I knew not which to take. I took the east. I was 35 miles
-from home. The tavern keeper was standing at the door. It was about
-sunrise. He told me I had the wrong road. I came back to him, supposing
-I had met with a friend. Said he, &#8220;Do you want some breakfast?&#8221; &#8220;Yes,
-sir, if you please,&#8221; I replied. &#8220;Come in, and sit down, and you shall
-have some,&#8221; he continued. &#8220;No, sir,&#8221; said I, &#8220;I thank you; I will sit
-upon the steps.&#8221; &#8220;No,&#8221; said the Georgia man, &#8220;come in; we will have
-breakfast pretty soon, and we will all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> sit down together.&#8221; &#8220;No, sir,
-I thank you, I would as soon sit here;&#8221; for I thought he was most too
-kind to be honest; the Quaker man having told me to avoid Georgia men.
-When he found I would not come in, he took hold of my collar, but I
-threw him down, for I was resolved to whip the devil out of the way,
-if possible. After he was down, I ran for my life. There was a colored
-man bringing a pail of water. He cried out to him to stop me; but I
-told the colored man if he attempted to trouble me I would knock him
-down. I jumped over a fence, and the Georgia man after me; but I saw
-no more of the colored man. The white man struck me in the side with a
-stone, and run me about a mile. I recovered from the blow of the stone,
-so that I could run a little faster. God gave me strength to fight for
-my life. The white man fought me, and I fought him with any thing that
-came handy, with fists and with stones. I told him he might kill me or
-I would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> kill him. Finally, I whipped him. There was a Dutchman and his
-two sons sawing plank in a grist mill. He said, &#8220;Glory in your spunk,
-my man;&#8221; and when I had whipped the man he started back after dogs
-and hounds. Said the Dutchman, &#8220;Run for your life, for there are two
-Georgia men in my house.&#8221; I knew them well; they were acquaintances of
-my master&#8217;s. Their names were Joshua and Nathan Retlidge, traders.</p>
-
-<p>When I heard the dogs and hounds coming after me, I said, &#8220;My God! what
-shall I do!&#8221; for I knew they would put them on my track. I was about
-to give up, and wished I had never started. However, I climbed up a
-tree, and in the providence of God, the hounds scared up a rabbit. At
-the howling of the dogs, I trembled like a leaf, and knew not what
-to do. The hounds drew nearer and nearer; the rabbit came under the
-tree where I was, and, through the will of an over-ruling Providence,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
-they all passed by, and I was safely delivered out of their hands. It
-was about eight o&#8217;clock in the morning when I climbed the tree. I was
-hungry and wet with dew. I staid in the tree till about five o&#8217;clock
-in the afternoon. They hunted the woods pretty well, but they did not
-find me. My words are inadequate to express my joyful feelings at my
-deliverance. God alone could know my feelings.</p>
-
-<p>I then started for Boston. Then, as now, God alone was my only hope.
-I travelled a number of days without eating any thing, under great
-anxiety to see Boston. One morning I met a colored man named George. He
-was running away, and had got lost. He was from Richmond, Virginia. He
-asked my name. I told him; and we travelled a number of days together.
-We called into a shop where we thought no one would harm us, and got
-something to eat. Thus, under the guidance of Providence, we proceeded
-along. We came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> to a farmer&#8217;s house, and we let ourselves out each to
-a farmer for $13 a month, our object being to get money to defray our
-expenses.</p>
-
-<p>George grew uneasy. He staid only two weeks&mdash;was fearful his master
-would overtake him. He started for New York, but reached only as far as
-Brunswick, 16 miles from where he started, and, as I heard, was taken
-up, put in jail, and carried back.</p>
-
-<p>I began to grow uneasy. One morning I asked the farmer for whom I
-worked for $4. He gave me that sum. We went to breakfast. I ate
-quickly, and cleared. I have not seen him since. I crossed the fields,
-missed the bridge, and came to a creek, over which I had to swim. I
-came out into the road. A man in a gig overtook me and inquired who I
-was, and where I was going. I told him to New Brunswick. He inquired
-who I knew. I named the individual I had lived with. He went to his
-house, and I took to the woods, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> did not come out again until I
-reached New Brunswick. I got there about dusk&mdash;saw a colored man with a
-pail, and inquired of him the way to New York. &#8220;Stand here,&#8221; said he,
-&#8220;until I come back.&#8221; But it is a hard thing to catch a weasel asleep.
-So when he was out of sight, I vanished also. I went to the car bridge;
-the man would not let me go across. I went under the bridge and staid
-there till the cars arrived; and when the gate opened I passed, and
-bade New Brunswick good bye.</p>
-
-<p>I then proceeded on to New York. I travelled until one o&#8217;clock in the
-morning, though it was cold and frosty. While lying asleep, there
-came a drove of hogs. In hunting for acorns, they turned me over. I
-was alarmed, supposing my pursuers had overtaken me. I jumped up and
-started again, chilled with cold, travelled two hours, and lay down by
-the side of a hay-stack.</p>
-
-<p>I arose about day-break. The next place I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> reached was Elizabethtown.
-In going through this town, a man accosted me, saying, &#8220;I think I
-know your countenance.&#8221; &#8220;No,&#8221; said I, &#8220;I know nothing about you.&#8221; He
-inquired whence I came, and whither I was going; and I told him I was
-from home and for New York. I left him, and made my way for Newark.
-When I got there I was very hungry, for I had eaten nothing since I
-left the farm-house. I went into a bake-shop, and bought eleven pence
-worth of bread. The loaf was a pretty large one, and I commenced
-eating, but soon felt sick, laid down in the swamp, rested, and started
-again.</p>
-
-<p>I met some Irishmen who were working on the rail road, and I thought
-every moment I should be killed. One of them asked me where I was
-going, for what purpose, and when I should return. I told him I was
-going to New York to buy some things, and should return the same
-afternoon or next morning. He<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> inquired whether I should return by
-the same route, and I replied &#8220;Yes.&#8221; He said &#8220;Very well,&#8221; to which I
-responded. I looked so bad I suppose he thought strange, for I had on
-the same clothes I started with. I proceeded on, came to the ferry,
-and crossed over to New York. Near the ferry there was a stable, and a
-man sitting by it. We bade each other good morning, and I inquired the
-road to Canada. He told me I must go to New York in order to get to
-Canada. &#8220;Why do you wish to go to Canada?&#8221; said he. I told him I had
-relations there. I did not then know whether my brother who ran away
-before me was in Boston or Canada. Discovering he had a disposition
-to question me, I said, &#8220;I guessed I would go to New York, get some
-clothes, and go back home.&#8221; He wished me to come into the stable, and
-sit down while he went to the house to get a coat, which he offered to
-sell me. I declined his offer, and told him I would as soon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> stand. He
-started off, whether in pursuit of the coat or somebody to detain me, I
-do not know, for I left immediately. I paid the ferryman a five-penny
-bit, and crossed to New York. No questions were put to me on board the
-ferry-boat.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2>
-
-<p>When I landed, I inquired of a boy whether there was any boat that run
-to the State of Boston. I was so ignorant I knew not whether Boston
-was a State or city. In fact, I scarcely knew there was such a place.
-Slavery is as ill adapted for obtaining this kind of knowledge as all
-other kinds. He informed me the boat went to Providence, and showed me
-the way to the boat. I purchased a bosom and dickey, went on board of
-the boat, and stowed myself away among the bales of cotton, where I
-remained until we were a considerable distance from New York. I then
-felt like a <span class="smcap">Free Man</span>, and walked the deck with the rest of
-the passengers. I had but little money, and wanted to save it; so I
-inquired of the engineer if I could work my passage to Providence. He
-said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> &#8220;Yes,&#8221; and set me to work. I worked out the first watch of the
-night, and he then told me I might go to sleep. I laid down on the
-cotton. The man came round and demanded my ticket. I told him I had
-none, that I had been working half of the night. Said he, &#8220;That I know
-nothing about. You must go to the office and settle your fare.&#8221; He said
-the fare was $3, and he could give me no ticket. I thought hard of it,
-but it was of no use to have any further conversation.</p>
-
-<p>I got to Providence on Sunday morning. My money was all gone. There I
-was, without friends, victuals or money. I inquired of a man if there
-was such a place as Boston, and how far it was. He said 40 miles. I
-started, and took the rail road. I walked all day Sunday, and about
-nine o&#8217;clock came to a farmer&#8217;s house. I knocked at the door; a lady
-came, and inquired what I wanted. I asked her if she would please give
-me something to eat, for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> I was very hungry. She invited me in; she
-went to the pump, got a cup of water, and gave me a crust of brown
-bread, from which the inside had been taken. As she gave it to me in
-the name of a disciple, she shall receive a disciple&#8217;s reward. By this
-time, the old gentleman came in. &#8220;How do you do, my man?&#8221; said he.
-&#8220;How do you do, sir?&#8221; said I. He inquired of me where I was from, when
-I left, and where I was going; and I gave him the information. After
-sitting awhile, he inquired if I would like to lie down. I told him I
-was very tired, and he took me to the barn and gave me liberty to rest
-there for the night. I said nothing, but went in. I was afraid of him;
-for he had on a blue frock, and, never having seen any one with such a
-frock on, I supposed he was a Turk. About 3 o&#8217;clock next morning I got
-up and started for Boston, being afraid to stay there any longer.</p>
-
-<p>I reached Boston at noon on Monday, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>inquired for my brothers; but
-nobody knew anything about them. Finally, I met with a colored lady
-by the name of Sarah Taylor, the wife of John R. Taylor. I asked her
-if she knew any thing about my brothers. She said a George Black had
-passed through Boston, and lived in Portland. She said, &#8220;Come home with
-me, for I perceive you have been a slave.&#8221; I went and boarded with her
-for $3 a week. I got a gentleman to write to Portland to Mr. George
-Black, the man I thought was my brother. He supposed I was one of his
-brothers, he having three brothers in the West Indies. He invited me
-to come to Portland, and offered to pay my fare. I was very ragged and
-dirty. Mrs. Taylor wrapped me up in Mr. Taylor&#8217;s cloak, and sent me to
-Portland. Mr. Black sent down his man to the steamboat to get my trunk;
-but instead of having a trunk, I had scarcely any clothes to my back.
-When I saw Mr. Black, and found he was not my brother, I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> was very sad;
-and he was disappointed. He said he knew nothing of my brothers&mdash;had
-never seen them. He talked with me much about slavery, and I unfolded
-to him my history, and that of others. Mr. Black was very kind to me,
-indeed, and did all in his power to render me happy. Mrs. Black, his
-wife, was more than a mother to me, and the whole family were very
-kind to me. I married Mr. Black&#8217;s daughter. I could not go to church
-the first Sunday after my arrival, for I was ragged and dirty. The
-following week, Mrs. Black and her daughter made me some clothes. I
-had been there but a short time when Mr. Black sent me to school. I
-went to school that winter, and learned very fast. Mr. Black charged me
-nothing for my board that winter. When near spring, Mr. Black sent me
-up to Bridgetown, 34 miles from Portland, to live with Major Purley, a
-farmer. Mr. Purley gave me $10 a month, and was anxious for me to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> go
-to school; but I told him no. I owed Mr. Black, and wanted to get some
-clothes, and could not spare the time.</p>
-
-<p>At length George Ropes wrote me from Portland, to come and live with
-him. I went there, and boarded with Mr. Black. I was engineer for Mr.
-Ropes in the steam factory, and lived with him one season; and when the
-Rev. Mr. Black removed to Boston to be settled over the Belknap-street
-Church, I accompanied him. The reason why I removed to Boston with Mr.
-Black, was because I had fallen in love with his daughter. I trust
-this reason will be deemed ample by all those who have experienced
-the tender workings of this mysterious passion. Only a few months
-after my return to Boston, I married Mr. Black&#8217;s daughter, though
-young and poor; and I am still poor. I had four children, one of whom
-is deceased. I lived at service in Boston. Sometimes I worked on the
-wharves. But I was in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> an unsettled state, being under the impression
-that I should preach the Gospel. I firstly derived these impressions
-in Boston, and they have not left me. I was baptized before I left
-Portland, by the Rev. Mr. Burroughs, who is now in his grave. I joined
-the Belknap street Church while Mr. Black was pastor. I lived there
-five years: then I found Boston was not the place for me, for its
-vanities and maxims were not suited to my disposition. I prepared to
-live in the country, for I had a desire to be diligent in business,
-fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. I began to think of perishing
-souls, and the cause of God laid near my heart. I felt that God had a
-claim upon me, that I was not my own master; but I struggled against
-these impressions, for I was inadequate, unlearned and unprepared. I
-could say as said Jeremiah, &#8220;Behold, I cannot speak, for I am a child;
-but the Lord said unto me, Say not thou art a child, for thou shalt go
-to all to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> whom I shall send thee, and whatever I command thee, thou
-shalt do;&#8221; Jer. i:6-7. And I said as Moses did, &#8220;I am slow of speech
-and of a slow tongue;&#8221; Exod. iv:10. My call was now unto the sons of
-men. The time had arrived for me to leave Boston.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>CHAPTER V.</h2>
-
-<p>I left my family in Boston, and went to Providence, R. I., to live with
-President Wayland. While living with Dr. Wayland, I tried to improve
-my mind, and it gives me pleasure to state, that that gentleman did
-all in his power to assist me. I connected myself with the Rev. Mr.
-Ashur&#8217;s Church in Providence, and had a bible class, being as active
-as possible in the Sabbath School. After being connected with Brother
-Ashur&#8217;s Church a short time, he invited me to officiate for him one
-Sunday morning, as he knew I was accustomed to exhort when in Boston.</p>
-
-<p>I left Dr. Wayland and went to work with Mr. Andrew, a stone mason,
-and continued to work for him while he had employment for me. In this
-time, I had moved my family from <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>Boston to Providence. Finally, I told
-the brethren and pastor of the church that God had called me to the
-work of the ministry. They agreed to give me a hearing. They did so,
-and appointed a committee to see me; and the result was, the brethren
-thought I was not called to preach&mdash;&#8220;that Brother Black had better wait
-awhile longer.&#8221; Dr. Wayland thought I had not learning enough to preach.</p>
-
-<p>I know that I am of a slow tongue, and unlearned; but what says the
-prophet Zachariah? &#8220;Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith
-the Lord of hosts. Who art thou, O great mountain? before Zerubbabel
-thou shalt become a plain; and he shall bring forth the head stone
-thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it;&#8221; iv:6, 7.</p>
-
-<p>At length I got discouraged, let myself out to Mr. Foster in
-Providence, and run in his canal boat from Providence to Woonsocket.
-The few books I had I carried to auction, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> almost gave up in
-despair; for some of the brethren were looking upon me with a frown
-and dark looks. I knew I was a poor unlearned fugitive. I had given
-up the idea of preaching, nor did I wish to hear about it, and was
-sorry I mentioned it to the brethren or any one else. So I went to the
-canal boat, working for $12 a month, having a family to support. But
-oh! Lord! my trouble had not come. Mr. Foster was a kind man. I had
-worked on the canal about three weeks, when I met with a sad accident.
-We arrived at Woonsocket one night with a load of coal; it began to
-rain, and rained all the next day. The captain said we must get up at
-2 o&#8217;clock the next morning, and carry the boat up through the lock,
-for the current ran so hard when the factory started, it was difficult
-getting up. The coal was going to Waterford, one mile from Woonsocket.
-When I mounted the horse to return, it being very dark, and raining<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
-very hard, the horse started before I was fairly upon his back; his
-hind legs gave way, he fell backwards on me, and broke my leg. While
-I was struggling with the horse upon me, words came unto me like
-these&mdash;&#8220;This is for your disobedience.&#8221; My companions were a little way
-behind, and they heard me haloo. The horse in struggling to get clear,
-cut my face with his foot. I was hurt so badly that my wife had to feed
-me with a tea-spoon. The men came up and got the horse off of me, and
-I was not aware my leg was broken until I started to run. It was about
-four o&#8217;clock in the morning. They laid me on the horse, and carried me
-back to the tavern; but oh! the pain, the misery I was in. It rained
-hard, and they were all asleep at the tavern; so that I remained
-exposed to the rain some time. They sent for the doctor immediately,
-but he did not arrive until nine o&#8217;clock, and then set my leg. The
-owner of the tavern sent me home in a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> carriage, a distance of nineteen
-miles, where we arrived at sundown.</p>
-
-<p>My folks thought I was dead. The moment the carriage drew up to the
-door, they took me out, carried me into the house, and laid me on a bed.</p>
-
-<p>My distress of body was very great, and the anguish of my mind was
-extreme&mdash;for I had but little victuals in the house, was without
-money, and there was about to be an increase in my family. My wife was
-unwell, and I was laid prostrate on the bed. Then the saying of the
-apostle Paul came fresh to my mind&mdash;&#8220;In every thing give thanks, for
-this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you;&#8221; Thes. v:18.
-At first, I could see no place where I could give thanks. The streams
-of livelihood were dried up, and the hand of Providence was closed, it
-seemed to me. I had no income save my daily labor. I was a stranger in
-that community, but in reflecting on Him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> whose kindness tempers the
-wind to the shorn lamb, I had reason to be thankful; first, that both
-legs were not broken; second, that my arms were whole; and last and
-greatest, that God had spared my life to see my family once more.</p>
-
-<p>Not many days after, the hand of Providence was directed to my house.
-Unexpected stores were opened to my relief. President Wayland and other
-benevolent individuals, ladies and gentlemen, remembered me in their
-kindness. While I was confined to my couch, the scenes of by-gone
-ages passed in review. I remembered the vow I had made to God. My
-eyes gushed out with tears. I could say then as did David of old&mdash;&#8220;I
-found trouble and sorrow; then called I upon the name of the Lord.&#8221; I
-found the Lord my refuge and strength, a present help in trouble. I
-said it was better to have a broken leg in a land of freedom, than to
-have sound limbs under the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> curse of slavery. While I was musing one
-night, and meditating upon God and his providence, I closed my eyes,
-and whether asleep or awake I know not, but I viewed a rod at the foot
-of my bed, about four feet high. It was wrapped in black and red, and
-a smaller rod was lying in the bed with me. The large rod reflected
-on the small rod, and the words of John (iii:14,) came to me&mdash;&#8220;And as
-Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, the son of man must be
-lifted up.&#8221; Then I remembered the words of the Lord, and promised Him
-at that hour if he would raise me up again, I would obey His call. In
-the course of a few months God raised me up, and I was willing to obey
-Him, took my life in my hand, and went out into the wide world as a
-lamb in the midst of the wilderness. I trusted that God would be with
-me; His rod and His staff would encompass me.</p>
-
-<p>When I started, I left a wife and two <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>children. I left them in the
-care of God. I went a little ways down east, and was gone seven weeks.
-Wherever I went, the brethren received me gladly. I returned, but
-remained at home but little while, and as I had never seen New Bedford,
-I left what little means I had with my family, and started for that
-town. When I got there I knew not where to go, for I was a stranger.
-I inquired for the Rev. Mr. Allen, the Baptist minister, and also for
-the Rev. Mr. Jackson. I stayed at New Bedford a few days; and as I had
-heard much said of Nantucket, I wanted to go there. I told Mr. Jackson
-I wanted to go to Nantucket, but had no money. He said, &#8220;You should
-not have left home without money.&#8221; &#8220;No, sir,&#8221; said I, &#8220;but I had none
-to fetch.&#8221; But two wrongs will not make one right. Mr. Jackson gave me
-half a dollar, and I obtained some more money among the brethren and
-sisters, and took the steamboat for Nantucket. I had yet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> no license to
-preach. I had a letter of recommendation from the pastor of the church
-to which I belonged, not only as a brother, but as a beloved brother.</p>
-
-<p>When I arrived at Nantucket, I inquired for Deacon Berry, of the York
-street, Baptist Church, and handed him my letter of recommendation.
-They had no preacher. When I went to the church on Sabbath morning,
-the house was open for preaching. The fame went abroad that a strange
-minister from Providence had arrived. I preached for them that Sabbath
-to the best of my ability. I was but a child in the Gospel.</p>
-
-<p>It was my intention to leave for Providence on the following Tuesday;
-but the brethren prevailed on me to stay longer, and I remained several
-weeks. The brethren gave me a call, and being young, I accepted it. I
-went out to beg money to repair their house of worship, and afterwards
-left for Providence.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>CHAPTER VI.</h2>
-
-<p>I will now say something of slavery. I shall say nothing but what I
-know to be true. Slavery is a cruel system. The effects of it are
-scattered abroad throughout the land. It is the reigning evil of the
-country; yea, the mother of all evil. Why is it the mother of all evil?
-I answer in the language of Holy Writ, which saith, &#8220;Do unto all men
-as you would have them do unto you.&#8221; It is not done. Again: &#8220;Love thy
-neighbor as thyself. This is the law and the prophets.&#8221; It is not done.
-Reader,&mdash;where is the slaveholder who would wish his slaves to do to
-him as he does to them? There are none. Hence, then, the enormity of
-the evil.</p>
-
-<p>Dear reader: understand one thing. The slaves are taught ignorance
-as we teach our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> children knowledge. They are kept in darkness, and
-are borne down under a cruel, cruel oppression! All human rights
-are denied them as citizens! They are not recognized as men! My old
-master frequently said, &#8220;he did not believe a d&mdash;&mdash;d nigger had any
-soul!&#8221; They are made to undergo everything as a beast. Having a full,
-perfect, undeniable right to stand out before God as <span class="smaller">MEN</span>,
-the cruel, God-defying white man, without semblance of right, with
-no pretence but might, has prostituted them to the base purpose of
-his cupidity, and his baser beastly passions, reducing them to mere
-things, mere chattels, to be bought and sold like hogs and sheep! Born,
-like the white man, to an individual responsibility to the Father of
-mercies, the treatment of the white man to the poor African, unmixed
-with mercy, has curtained his mind to all knowledge, aye, even to the
-knowledge of the God of heaven and earth, and thus removed from him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>
-the accountability! But, where does this terrible accountability rest?
-Let the hardened slave-tyrant, when he stands quivering before the
-Almighty bar of retribution, answer this question! Well might Thomas
-Jefferson remark, when his deep, penetrating mind was reflecting upon
-the stupendous wrongs of slavery, &#8220;I tremble for my country, when
-I remember that God is just, and that his justice cannot slumber
-forever?&#8221; I appeal, then, to every rational, intelligent mind, if
-slavery be not an abomination in the sight of the Lord.</p>
-
-<p>It has been said that slaves have no intellect. I deny it. God has
-given them minds capable of cultivation. Uncultivated ground will not
-bring forth fruit. All the slave requires is cultivation, for he is
-possessed of all the qualities of the white man.</p>
-
-<p>Reader: we have heard of the wisdom of King Solomon, son of David, the
-grandson of ancient Jesse. The Queen of Basheba has <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span>declared that half
-had never been told her. History informs us that Solomon was as black
-as black satin, with handsome features and smooth skin.</p>
-
-<p>I could refer to many of the colored race whose mental endowments are
-superior to many of those arrogant white men who abhor a colored man
-and pretend to be his superior in knowledge.</p>
-
-<p>The language of Jesus Christ to his apostles should teach us not to
-despise the workmanship of God. &#8220;He that despiseth you, despiseth me.&#8221;
-Do men, I ask, realize the awful evil of slavery? Are they aware of
-its terrible calamities? Has it not become so familiar, from its long
-existence, as almost to reconcile the tender conscience to its infamous
-enormities? It must be so. There is no other mode of accounting for the
-fact, that men, good christians in other respects, quietly hold slaves
-at the south, while their equally guilty brethren of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> north assent
-to it, and participate in its profits.</p>
-
-<p>Should we not remember them that are in bondage as bound with them? Say
-not only slaves be obedient to your masters according to the flesh, but
-also say, masters, render unto your servants that which is right; and
-if that principle were carried out, slavery would be abolished.</p>
-
-<p>How do the masters teach the slaves ignorance? Having been a slave,
-I answer the question. When the master asks the slave, Tom, Harry,
-Dick or Bill, &#8220;Do you love your master?&#8221; he answers, &#8220;Yes, massa, I
-lub you.&#8221; &#8220;Come here and get a dram; drink us a treat, you son of a b
-...h.&#8221; Why does the slave say &#8220;Yes, sir?&#8221; Because he is afraid to say
-any thing else. He is crushed under the iron heel of the slave-tyrant!</p>
-
-<p>The time is coming when the wrongs of the slave will be redressed.
-Yes, the time is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> coming when their blood will cry unto the Lord for
-deliverance.</p>
-
-<p>It is very customary to magnify the evils of emancipation. It is said
-by very many persons that the slaves, if liberated, would become an
-idle, vagabond set. This remark, doubtless, is sometimes made in
-sincerity; but no doubt it is frequently used as a sort of salve to
-quiet the conscience for inaction. It is most unquestionably true that
-here and there a case would exist of improvidence, just as they exist
-among the white population; but such cases would form the exception,
-not the rule. Persons who indulge in such remarks seem entirely
-unacquainted with the views and feelings of slaves, and to suppose that
-they are utterly incapable of appreciating, even to a small extent,
-the blessings and enjoyments of freedom. But this is a mistake, and
-operates powerfully on some minds to prevent wholesome action in favor
-of the liberation of the slave. It is to be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> hoped that all true men
-and women who are held back from engaging in the cause of the slave
-by this consideration, will take pains to examine the subject with
-care, ere they yield to this pernicious opinion. As to those who have
-better knowledge, and make use of this assumed fact as a scape-goat for
-their lethargy, not having independence enough to confess the truth,
-I commend them, together with their meanness, to such particles of
-conscience as are yet left unscathed by the searing iron of hypocrisy.</p>
-
-<p>It is further averred, both honestly and for selfish purposes, as in
-the case just stated, that the slaves, if liberated, would rush for
-the north, overwhelming the workingmen in this region with misery and
-despair. This I know to be untrue, both from observation and my own
-experience. The climate of the balmy south is much better adapted to
-the nature of the colored man, than the more rigorous one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> of greater
-northern latitude. It is not the <i>south</i> we abhor. It is <i>slavery</i> we
-abhor. God has made the south and blessed it. Man, in his selfishness,
-has cursed it. Remove slavery, and we join hearts and hands with the
-south. Give us equal rights. Give us justice. Make us <span class="smaller">MEN</span>.
-Give us pay for our toil, and we will work at the south.</p>
-
-<p>It is a matter of astonishment that slavery has so long existed,
-and yet that its enormities have taken so little hold on a people
-professing to be Christians. In a country whose inhabitants dipped
-their hands in blood to establish <span class="smcap">Freedom</span>, there are over
-<i>two and a half millions</i> of human beings, entitled to all the rights
-of white men, held in absolute bondage. Are the people of this
-nation aware of this fact? Thousands of times has this awful truth
-been reiterated in the ears of American Christians, and yet from the
-profound indifference which yet generally exists on the subject, we
-are led to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> ask, Do the people of this nation realize the fact? More
-than any other nation on earth we boast of our liberty, our refinement,
-our advancement in the arts and sciences, our railroads, our various
-facilities for intercommunication, and all the outward appliances to
-render life comfortable. We have seized upon the very lightning of
-Heaven, and commanded it to bear our messages from one distant point to
-another without the intervention of time, literally annihilating all
-space: and we not only boast of these things, but we aver in the face
-of the abhorrent fact of slavery, that we are the most virtuous nation
-on earth! To the enormity of slavery we are, indeed, spiritually dead.
-Were slavery about to commence, were we to summon the voters of this
-nation to the polls to decide whether two and a half millions of human
-beings should be subjected to this bondage, what think you, reader,
-would be the result? Can there be a man found who would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> vote for the
-measure, unless indeed the love of money had so blunted all humanity as
-to render his better feelings entirely inactive?</p>
-
-<p>It is in vain for apologists of slavery to defend it by such arguments
-as this: They will tell you that the slaves of the south are better
-fed and clothed than the colored people of the north. The fact is not
-admitted. But, suppose it were a fact. Is man to be considered as a
-mere ox, to be bowed up and stall fed? Is he a mere victuals grinder
-and clothes horse? Or, has he a higher nature? Has he not a mind
-capable of rising higher and higher in all that is expansive, pure and
-holy? Has he not within him a spark of pure Divinity, which, when he is
-surrounded with high and ennobling influences, is fanned into a light
-so bright as to lead us to respond to the glorious truth, Man is indeed
-made in the image of his God?</p>
-
-<p>Do you talk of <i>selling a man</i>? You might as well talk of selling
-immortality or sunshine!<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> You might as well talk of your right to
-monopolise the atmosphere, to determine how much air a man should
-breathe, and to retail it out to him by the jaw-full!</p>
-
-<p>Again, it is said the slave has a maintenance guaranteed to him in old
-age, and is thus rendered free from those corroding cares in reference
-to his support which wear upon the poor free man. Is this provision of
-so high a consequence that men voluntarily submit to slavery? Are the
-masters willing to exchange the advantages derived from the unrequited
-labor of the slave for a freedom from this guarantee? The slave-holders
-of the south cannot make us believe they are so verdant as thus to
-have mistaken their interest. Away, then, with the argument that a
-God-created <span class="smaller">MAN</span> should be made a man-created thing!</p>
-
-<p>American fathers, let me ask <i>you</i>, are the <i>advantages</i> of slavery
-sufficient to induce <i>you</i> to submit to the terrible wrong of being
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>separated from <i>your</i> wives and children, and sold to a distant owner?
-American mothers, do <i>you</i> desire that <i>your</i> husbands should be torn
-from the hearth-stone, and sold from your presence forever? Do you wish
-your children snatched from your cradles, knocked off at auction to
-the highest bidder, to go away from you forever? If not, then let your
-apologies for slavery cease.</p>
-
-<p>Reader, I take my leave of you, with the fond hope, that the
-recuperative moral energies both of the north and the south will soon
-herald the dawn of that glorious day when the sweat and blood of the
-unfortunate African shall no longer be struck into coin for the use of
-the cruel, unrelenting white man.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above"><span class="smcap">Errata.</span>&mdash;On page 13, second line from the bottom, for
-&#8220;writing&#8221; read writhing. </p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>THE TRAVELLING PILGRIM.</h2>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<div>I have no friends, no helper nigh,</div>
-<div>But He who heard the raven&#8217;s cry;</div>
-<div>My father&#8217;s house I&#8217;ve bid adieu,</div>
-<div>And on my journey I pursue.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>My sister wonders where I am,</div>
-<div>But I shall not return again;</div>
-<div>My sisters, brothers, think it strange</div>
-<div>That I should leave my nearest friends.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>But my kind friends I now must leave,</div>
-<div>And on my journey I proceed,</div>
-<div>To attend an appointment I have made,</div>
-<div>To find a place to lay my head.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>And if poor sinners did but know</div>
-<div>How much for them I undergo,</div>
-<div>They would not treat me with contempt,</div>
-<div>Nor curse me when I say &#8220;repent.&#8221;</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>But O! the trials of my heart,</div>
-<div>Through rain, through snow, I have to go,</div>
-<div>And when I&#8217;m called to leave this flesh,</div>
-<div>I trust with Jesus Christ to rest.</div>
-</div></div></div>
-
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