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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..874e69b --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #64569 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64569) diff --git a/old/64569-0.txt b/old/64569-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 209cd78..0000000 --- a/old/64569-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4770 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, (Vol. III, -No. 1), January, 1909, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, (Vol. III, No. 1), January, 1909 - -Author: Various - Tom Dolan - Zarion E. Weigle - Frank E. Anderson - Walter Eden - -Release Date: February 16, 2021 [eBook #64569] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made - available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE, -(VOL. III, NO. 1), JANUARY, 1909 *** - - - - -Transcriber’s Notes: - - Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ - in the original text. - Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= - in the original text. - Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. - Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. - Antiquated spellings have been preserved. - Typographical errors have been silently corrected. - The Table of Contents was modified to make it agree with the page - numbers. - - - - - _WATSON BOOKS_ - - * * * * * - - _Story of France_, _2 volumes_, _$3.50_ - - In the Story of France you will find a history of Chivalry, - of the Crusades, of Joan of Arc, of the Ancien Regime, of the - French Revolution. - _Premium for 6 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_ - - * * * * * - - _Napoleon_ _1.75_ - _Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_ - - * * * * * - - _Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson_ _1.75_ - - In the Life of Jefferson you will learn what democratic - principles are, and you will learn much history, to the credit - of the South and West, which the New England writers left out. - _Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_ - - * * * * * - - _Bethany_, - _A Study of the Causes of the Civil War - and a love story of a Confederate Volunteer_. - _1.25_ - _Premium for 3 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_ - - - - - WATSON’S - JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE - - Vol. III JANUARY, 1909 No. 1 - - - - -CONTENTS - - - FRONTISPIECE Sidney Lanier 4 - - EDITORIALS 5 - An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln—Why Mr. Bryan - can Never be President—Foreign Missions—Treasure - Trove—The Passing of Lucy and Rollo. - - A SURVEY OF THE WORLD Tom Dolan 29 - THE BELLS—A Poem Zarion E. Weigle 44 - THE PIPE OF ZAIDEE Frank E. Anderson 45 - EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT 53 - MONEY IS KING Walter Eden 56 - A DWELLER WITH THE PAST—A Poem Ricardo Minor 61 - CLIPPINGS FROM EXCHANGES 62 - THE LAMB AND THE RAIN—A Poem Ada A. Mosher 67 - LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE 68 - BOOK REVIEWS 72 - - Published Monthly by - THOS. E. WATSON - - Temple Court Building, Atlanta, Ga. - $1.00 Per Year 10 Cents Per Copy - - WESTERN ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE: - CHICAGO SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE: - - Wm. E. Herman, 112 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. - The M. Raftery Co., 84 Washington St., Chicago, Ill. - - _Entered as second class matter December 21, - 1906, at the Post Office at Atlanta, Ga._ - -[Illustration: SYDNEY LANIER] - - - - - WATSON’S - JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE - - Vol. III JANUARY, 1909 No. 1 - - - - -EDITORIALS - - -An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln - -(_The Editor of a Northern magazine applied to me for an article on -Abraham Lincoln._ - -_After some hesitation, I decided to comply with the request. In -doing so, my rule of_ SAYING WHAT I THINK _was followed. Mr. -Lincoln was “sized up”, just as I would try to measure the proportions -of Cromwell, of Robert Bruce or of Gladstone, or any other historical -character._ - -_But the Northern editor was “afraid” my article would stir up -“sectional feeling.” He, therefore, returned it with the polite letter -which follows._ - -_Whosoever reads this rejected Lincoln article, which the Jeffersonian -Magazine now presents, will probably feel some surprise that so -liberal an estimate of Mr. Lincoln was ruled out, as contraband, by a -non-political Northern magazine._ - -_It is proper for me to say that so much of the article as follows the -paragraph in which the South’s feeling toward Mr. Lincoln is expressed, -was written after the MS came back. Even with these additions, I fear -that my Northern brother would have been afraid to publish my estimate -of Lincoln._ - - “_New York, November 21, 1908._ - -“_The Hon. Thomas E. Watson,_ - -“_Dear Sir: We have read your estimate of Abraham Lincoln. We tried -our best to figure out some way by which it could be shaped around in -a manner that would be suitable for our magazine. You see, first of -all, in dealing with Lincoln or any Civil War subject we cannot afford -in any way to stir up sectional feeling. I am afraid your article is -open to criticism in this respect. If you were only in New York, and we -could go over this thing personally, I have no doubt but what we might -frame up an article that would be mutually satisfactory. The time is -so limited that I suppose we will just have to give it up. Yours very -truly,_ - - _Editorial Department._”) - -When the editor of —— Magazine applied to me for an article on -Abraham Lincoln, my first inclination was to decline the commission. -Although it is high time that some one should strike a note of sanity -in the universal laudation of Mr. Lincoln, a Southern man is not, -perhaps, the proper person to do it. On further consideration, however, -it occurred to me that my position was radically different from that of -any other public man in the South. People on the other side of Mason -and Dixon’s line cannot be ignorant or oblivious of the fact that for -the last twenty years I have waged warfare upon the Bourbonism of my -own section and the narrowness of my own people. In every possible -way I have appealed to them to rise above sectional prejudice and -party bigotry. While I, myself, have suffered terribly during this -long series of years, some good has followed my work. Twenty years -ago, a white man in the South who openly professed himself a member -of the Republican party was socially ostracised. Every one realizes -how completely that state of things has been revolutionized,—we see -it in the heavy Republican vote cast in Southern States in the recent -election; we see it in the ovations given to Mr. Roosevelt and to Mr. -Taft in the Southern cities. - -My part in bringing about this change for the better is so well known -in the North that no well informed man or woman will attribute to -sectionalism anything in my estimate of Mr. Lincoln which may appear to -be harsh or unjust. - -Let us see to what extent the adulation of Mr. Lincoln has gone. - -In Harper’s Weekly for November 7th, 1908, a British gentleman of the -name of P. D. Ross offers to amend the high estimate which Colonel -Harvey had already placed upon Mr. Lincoln by classing our martyred -President as “The greatest man the world has produced.” Colonel Harvey -soberly accepts the amendment,—thus Miss Ida Tarbell is left far -behind, and Hay and Nicolay eclipsed. - -One of the more recent biographers of Mr. Lincoln hotly denounced as -untrue the statement that “He used to sit around and tell anecdotes -like a traveling man.” - -Do we not all remember how, as children, we were fascinated with the -story of “The Scottish Chiefs”, by Miss Jane Porter? Did not the Sir -William Wallace of that good lady’s romance appeal to us as a perfect -hero, an ideal knight, exemplifying in himself the loftiest type of -chivalry? Yet, when we grew to be older, we were not surprised to learn -that Sir Walter Scott—certainly a good judge of such matters, and -certainly a patriotic Scotchman—wrathfully and contemptuously found -fault with Miss Porter because she had made “a fine gentleman” out of a -great, rugged, national hero. Every well balanced American, North and -South, ought to feel the same way toward those authors who take Abraham -Lincoln into their hands, dress him up, tone him down, polish him and -change him until he is no longer the same man. - -The outpouring of Lincolnian eulogy which will greet the country in -February will probably be all of a sort—indiscriminate praise—each -orator and speaker straining and struggling to carry the high water -mark of laudation higher than it has ever yet gone. - -_Let us study Mr. Lincoln with an earnest desire to find out what he -was._ Let it be remembered that the biography of him written by his -law partner, Mr. Herndon, was that biography in which the best picture -of him might have been expected. His law partner was his friend, -personally and politically. It was that law partner who converted him -to abolitionism. To the task of writing the biography of the deceased -member of the firm, Mr. Herndon brought devotion to the memory of a man -whom he had respected and loved; yet, being honest, he told the truth -about Mr. Lincoln,—painting his portrait with the warts on. _The fact -that this record, written by a sorrowing friend, was destroyed_, and a -spurious, after-thought Herndon biography put in its place, must always -be a fact worthy of serious consideration. - -I can imagine one of the reasons for the suppression of Herndon’s -original manuscript when I note, with amusement, the vigor and -indignation with which a later biographer defends Mr. Lincoln from the -terrible accusation of “sitting around and telling anecdotes to amuse a -crowd.” - -Those who take the least pains to ascertain the facts as to Mr. -Lincoln’s story telling habits soon convince themselves that nothing -said upon the subject could well be an exaggeration. In his day, the -broadest, vulgarest anecdotes were current in the South and West, and -thousands of public men, who ought to have been ashamed of themselves -for doing so, made a practice of repeating these stories to juries -in the court house, to crowds on the hustings, and to groups in the -streets, stores and hotels. - -Upon one occasion, while I was in conversation with Thomas H. Tibbles, -a surviving personal acquaintance of John Brown and Abraham Lincoln, I -interrogated him eagerly as to both. Directing his attention to this -matter of Mr. Lincoln’s alleged fondness for the relation of smutty -stories, Mr. Tibbles very promptly replied that the very first time -he ever saw Mr. Lincoln he was directed to his room in the hotel by a -series of bursts of loud laughter. Mr. Tibbles’ curiosity was aroused -by the continuous hilarity which resounded from this particular room -and he went to it. There he found a great, long, raw-boned man seated -in a chair with his big feet up on the table, telling smutty yarns to a -circle of men who were exploding with laughter at the end of each story. - -Every man must be judged by the standards of his time. People of -elegance and refinement, according to the standards of the Elizabethan -age, listened to comedies which were considered in good taste then, but -which would not be tolerated in any decent community now. The manners -of the West and of the rural South in Mr. Lincoln’s day, were quite -different from what they are now. Even now, however, there are men who -call themselves gentlemen, and women who think they are ladies, that -make a specialty of cultivating a talent for the relation of doubtful -stories. The fact that Mr. Lincoln let his gift of entertainment and -his fondness for the humorous lead him down to the low plane of his -audience does not by any means indicate a defect of heart or mind. As a -lawyer and as a politician, it was a part of his business to cultivate -popularity. He made friends in just such circles as that into which -Mr. Tibbles walked. The men who laughed with Mr. Lincoln, enjoying the -inimitable way in which he related anecdotes, naturally warmed to him, -and they gave him verdicts and votes. - -Mr. P. D. Ross, Editor of the Ottawa (Canada) _National_, claims that -Mr. Lincoln was “The greatest man the world has produced”, and the -editor of _Harper’s Weekly_ soberly falls into line. - -Well, there should be some standard by which one is enabled to measure -a man’s greatness. Mr. Lincoln was a lawyer, a statesman, and a chief -magistrate of a republic. In each of these capacities let us see what -was his rank. - -Does any one claim that he was the greatest lawyer that ever lived? -Surely not. There is not the slightest doubt that Mr. Lincoln was a -famous verdict getter. He could do about as much with a jury as any -advocate in the West, but he certainly never won any court house -victories that were more famous than those of Dan Voorhees, Emory -Storrs, Bob Ingersoll, Matt Carpenter, Sargent Prentiss, Robert Toombs -and of scores of other lawyers who could easily be named. In knowledge -of the law, force of mental power of the judicial sort,—such as Chief -Justice John Marshall and Daniel Webster and Rufus Choate had,—does -anybody for a moment claim that Mr. Lincoln out-ranks all other -lawyers? Surely not. He is not to be named in the same class as Reverdy -Johnson, Jeremiah Black, or Senator Edmunds, Charles O’Connor,—to say -nothing of Jeremiah Mason, of Massachusetts, and Luther Martin, of -Maryland, William Pinckney, of the same State, and Edmund Randolph, of -Virginia. - -Mr. Lincoln served in Congress. Did he cut any figure there? None -whatever. He appeared to be out of his element. His Congressional -record is not to be compared to that of Thaddeus Stevens or Stephen -A. Douglas. We look into the lives of such men as Benjamin Franklin, -the elder Adams, of Thomas Jefferson, of Clay, Calhoun and Webster, -of Alexander Hamilton and George Washington, and there is no trouble -in finding _their_ foot-prints on the sands of time; but in the -achievements of statesmanship _where are the foot-prints of Mr. -Lincoln_? You will look into the statute-books in vain to find them. -We have a great financial policy, born of the creative, forceful -statesmanship of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Clay; we have a great -protective system, owing its origin to the same two statesmen; we have -a great homestead policy, which owes its birth to Andrew Johnson, of -Tennessee; we have a great national policy of internal improvements, -but Mr. Lincoln was not its father. _Consequently, there is not a -single national line of policy which owes its paternity to this -statesman whom Mr. Ross classes as “The greatest man the world has -produced.”_ - -In the State of Illinois, compare Mr. Lincoln’s work with Mr. -Jefferson’s work in the State of Virginia. Did Mr. Lincoln leave his -impress any where upon the established order in Illinois? I have never -heard of it. In Virginia, Jefferson found the church and state united, -both taxing the people and dividing the spoils. Mr. Jefferson divorced -the church from the state, confiscated the church’s ill-gotten wealth, -devoting it to charitable and educational purposes; and put an end to -legalized religious intolerance. In Virginia there was a land monopoly, -perpetuated by entails and primogenitures. Mr. Jefferson made war -upon it, broke it up, and thus overthrew the local aristocracy. He -formulated a school system and established in America its first modern -college. Can anything which Mr. Lincoln, the statesman, did in Illinois -compare with Mr. Jefferson’s work in Virginia? - -So far as national statesmanship is concerned, Mr. Lincoln is not to -be classed with either of “The Great Trio”, nor with Mr. Jefferson, -nor with Alexander Hamilton. Each of the five named were statesmen of -the first order, possessing original, creative ability in that field -of work. There is no evidence whatever that Mr. Lincoln possessed that -talent. - -It must be, then, as chief magistrate of the republic that he won the -title of “great.” That, in fact, is the case. He was a great chief -executive. As such, he deserves immortality. Because he sealed his -work with his life-blood, his memory will always be sacred. But, is -it absolutely certain that no other American would have succeeded in -piloting the vessel of state through the storm of the Civil War? Is -it quite certain that Stephen A. Douglas, himself, would not have -succeeded where Mr. Lincoln succeeded? Who knows and can dogmatically -say that Thaddeus Stevens or Oliver Morton, or Zach Chandler, or Ben -Wade could not have done it? What was it that Mr. Lincoln did during -the Civil War that was so much greater and grander than what might have -been expected from Andrew Jackson in the same crisis? Somehow I fail -to see it. He did not lose courage, but there were brave men before -Agamemnon, and the world has never been lacking in heroic types that -stand forth and meet emergencies. - -In studying Mr. Lincoln’s course during the Civil War we can discover -a great deal of patience, a great deal of tact, a great deal of -diplomacy, a great deal of determination to win, a great deal of -consecration to patriotic duty. He struck the right key-note when he -said that he was fighting not to free the negroes but to preserve the -Union. This insight into the situation which enabled him to take the -strongest possible position showed political genius of a high order. -This alone would entitle him to be classed as a great statesman, a -great chief magistrate, a great national leader. - -When we calmly reflect upon what he had to do, and the means which -were at his command for doing it, we see nothing in the result that -borders upon the miraculous. All the advantage was on his side. The -fire-eaters of the South played into his hands beautifully. They were -so very blind to what was necessary for their success that they even -surrendered possession of Washington City, when they might just as -well have held it and rushed their troops to it, thus making sure not -only of Baltimore, but of the whole State of Maryland—to say nothing -of the enormous moral advantage of holding possession of the capital -of the nation. It was a clever strategy which, while talking peace, -adopted those measures which compelled the Confederate authorities -to fire upon the flag at Fort Sumter. But that most effective bit of -strategy appears to have had its birth in the fertile brain of William -H. Seward. The diplomacy which kept dangling before the eyes of the -border states the promise to pay for the slaves until the necessity of -duping the waverers had passed, was clever in its way; but there is -no evidence that the fine Italian hand of Mr. Seward was not in this -policy also. - -After the battle of Bull Run, Congress passed a resolution declaring -that the war was being waged for the sole purpose of preserving the -Union, and that the Federal Government had no intention of interfering -with slavery. This was subtle politics and it had the desired effect -upon the doubtful Southern States; but there is no evidence that Mr. -Lincoln was the first to suggest the resolution. - -Was Mr. Lincoln sincere in making the beautiful and touching plea for -peace, in his first inaugural? Unquestionably. Yet he would make no -concessions, nor encourage any efforts at reconciliation. He opposed -the Crittenden Compromise, which demanded no sacrifice of principle -by the North and which surrendered much that had been claimed by the -South. Of the 1,200,000 square miles of public domain, the Southern -leaders offered to close 900,000 square miles to slavery, leaving it -to the people of the remaining 300,000 square miles to decide for or -against slavery when they came to frame their state constitutions. -Democrats, North and South, favored this Compromise. The Republicans -rejected it. Then, the last hope of peaceable settlement was gone. - -Mr. Lincoln threw his influence as President-elect against the Peace -Congress, and rejected the South’s offer to adjust the sectional -differences by a restoration and extension of the old Missouri -Compromise line. - -The proclamation in which Mr. Lincoln assured the seceding states that -slavery should not be disturbed provided the insurgents laid down -their arms by the 1st of January, 1863, proves that Mr. Lincoln is -not entitled to the very great credit that is given him for signing -the Emancipation Act. Mr. Lincoln was never a rabid abolitionist, and -was an eleventh hour man, at that; he bore none of the brunt of the -pioneers’ fight; he could show no such scars as Wendell Phillips and -Lloyd Garrison and Cassius M. Clay carried; he never ran the risk of -becoming a martyr, like Lovejoy; he stood aside, a good Whig, until -the abolition movement was sweeping his own section, and then he fell -into line with it like a practical, sensible, adjustable politician. He -himself joked about the manner in which Thaddeus Stevens, Benjamin Wade -and Charles Sumner nagged at him from week to week, and month to month, -because of his luke-warmness in the matter of emancipation. Of and -concerning those three more rabid abolitionists, Mr. Lincoln told his -somewhat celebrated anecdote of the little Sunday School boy and those -“same three damn fellows, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego.” - -Not until it became a military necessity to do it, did Mr. Lincoln -sign the Emancipation Act. Therefore, his hand having been forced -by military policy rather than by the dictates of philanthropy, it -does not seem just to class him with the crusaders of the abolition -government. - -If he meant what he said in his famous letter to Alexander H. Stephens, -if he meant what he said even in his last inaugural,—to say nothing -of the first,—it was never Lincoln’s intention to go farther than to -combat the South in her efforts to extend slavery into the free states -and territories. - -In guiding the non-seceding states through the perils of civil strife, -Mr. Lincoln’s position was never so difficult as was that of Mazarin, -nor that of Richelieu; not so difficult as that of Cromwell; not so -difficult as that of William the Silent, or William of Orange, and very -much less difficult than that of the younger Pitt,-“the pilot that -weathered the storm” of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. Mr. -Lincoln’s achievements as chief magistrate and as a statesman certainly -do not outrank those of George Washington, nor even those of Cavour, -to whom modern Italy owes her existence; nor of Bismarck, creator of -the German Empire. _Finally, it should be remembered that the South was -combating the Spirit of the Age and the Conscience of Mankind._ This -fact lightened Mr. Lincoln’s task, immensely. - -How do the people of the South feel toward Lincoln? Kindly. We -honor his memory. We think that he was broad-minded, free from -vindictiveness, free from sectionalism, free from class-hatred. We -think he was a strong man, a sagacious man, and a very determined man. -We have always regarded his assassination as the worst blow the South -got after Appomattox. We think that he, alone, could have stemmed the -torrent of sectional hatred, and could have worked out a simple plan of -restoring the seceding states to the Union which would have reunited -the family without that carnival of debauchery and crime known as the -“Reconstruction period.” - -We think that the man who made the appeal to the South which he made -in his first inaugural, and the man who at Gettysburg, soon after -the battle, praised the courage of the troops who made the effort to -storm such heights as those, and who on the night of Lee’s surrender -called upon the bands to play “Dixie,” was not a bitter partizan of the -Thaddeus Stevens stripe, who, after the guns had been stacked and the -flags furled, would have used all of the tremendous and irresistible -power of the Federal Government to humiliate, outrage, despoil and -drive to desperation a people who were already in the dust. - -It is not true that Mr. Lincoln offered generous terms to the South -at the Hampton Roads Conference. He did not say to the Confederate -Commissioners, “Write the word ‘_Union_’ first and you may write -whatever you please after that.” - -It is not true that he offered payment for the slaves. - -The official reports made to both Governments, as well as Mr. Stephens’ -story of the celebrated Conference, conclusively prove that Mr. -Lincoln demanded the unconditional surrender of the Confederacy as a -preliminary to any discussion of terms. - -In fact, at the close of the Conference of four hours, Mr. R. M. T. -Hunter, one of the Confederate Commissioners, feelingly complained of -the harshness and humiliation involved in the “unconditional surrender” -demanded of the seceding states. - -Mr. Lincoln declined to commit himself, _officially_, to the -proposition that the South, by laying down her arms and submitting to -the restoration of the national authority throughout her limits, could -resume her former relations to the Government. _Personally_, he thought -she could. He refused _officially_ to commit himself on the subject of -paying the slave-owners for their slaves. _Personally_, he was willing -to be taxed for that purpose, and he _believed_ that the Northern -people held the same views. He knew of some who favored a Congressional -appropriation of $400,000,000 for that purpose. But give any pledges? -Oh, no. The Confederacy must first abolish itself,—_then_ there would -be a discussion of terms! - -Fort Fisher, North Carolina, had recently fallen; the Confederacy was -reeling under the shock of repeated disaster, the thin battle lines of -the Gray were almost exhausted,—and Mr. Lincoln was now certain that -secession was doomed. - -In the “Recollections” of J. R. Gilmore, there is a curious account -of an informal mission undertaken by himself and Col. J. F. Jaquess -for the purpose of ending the war. According to Gilmore, he went to -Washington, had an interview with Mr. Lincoln, and drew from him a -statement of the terms which he was willing to offer the Confederate -Government. - -The gist of his several propositions was that the Confederacy should -dissolve, the armies disband, the seceding states acknowledge national -authority and come back into Congress with their representatives, that -slavery should be abolished and that $500,000,000 be paid the South for -the slaves. This was in June 1864. - -Gilmore and Colonel Jaquess were given passage through the lines, -went to Richmond and saw Mr. Davis. After listening to the unofficial -proposals of the self-appointed envoys, Mr. Davis declared that the -South was not struggling to maintain slavery, but to make good “_our -right to govern ourselves_.” - -As the terms offered took away this fundamental right from the South, -Mr. Davis declined to treat. - -How hopeless, at that time, must have seemed the cause for which -Jefferson Davis stood! How eternally assured that of Mr. Lincoln! -Yet, see how old Father Time works his miracles,—the Jefferson Davis -principle has risen from the ashes, a very Phoenix of life immortal. -The Lincoln position has been abandoned by the Party which made him -its first President. The cause of Home Rule is stronger throughout the -world than when the fugitive President of the broken Confederacy faced -his official family, at its last Cabinet meeting, in the village of -Washington, Georgia, and asked, despairingly, “_Is it all over?_” - -The hateful Amendments, which struck so foul and cruel a blow at “our -right to govern ourselves,” are now nothing more than monuments reared -by political partisans to their own vindictive passions. The better -element throughout the North would be glad to forget them. They have -been distorted by the Federal Judiciary and have proven to be a curse -to the whole country, in that they are the refuge of the corporations -which plunder the people. - -Republican leaders look on, acquiescent, while state after state that -seceded from the Union puts into practice the principle for which the -South fought in the Civil War,—the right to regulate our own domestic -concerns. - -A Republican President has made an Ex-Confederate soldier the official -head of the military establishment of the United States; a Republican -President has stood his ground against negro resentment upon the -proposition that the South may disfranchise the negroes if she likes; a -Republican President-elect manfully held the same position throughout a -heated campaign in which niggerites and Bryanites assaulted both Taft -and Roosevelt because of this pro-Southern attitude. - -“_We are fighting, not for slavery, but for the right to govern -ourselves._” So said our President; so said our Statesmen; so said our -soldiers; so said our civilians. And today we are vindicated. - -The insanest war in history, as one studies it, is seen to have been -fought for a principle which both sides now admit to have been right, -and which Mr. Lincoln repeatedly and most earnestly declared was right, -before a shot was fired. - -[Illustration] - - -Why Mr. Bryan Can Never Be President - -In 1896, it cost the Republicans six million dollars to defeat Bryan; -in 1900, it cost them four millions; in 1908, they “beat him to a -frazzle” with less than two millions. - -In 1896, every chance was in his favor; he was young, handsome, -magnetic, eloquent, without a stain on his record. In the general -enthusiasm aroused by his “crown-of-thorns, cross-of-gold” speech, -people did not give heed to the craftiness and selfishness of the -Bland delegate who used Bland’s name as a stalking horse to get the -nomination for himself. For twenty years Richard P. Bland had labored -for Bi-metallism. He had won the fight by sheer bulldog pluck. The -Bland-Allison act of 1878 was a Bland triumph. The Sherman law of 1890 -was a Bland victory, for Sherman himself said it must be passed to head -off a free-coinage act. When the Congress of 1892 convened, the Bland -forces had an overwhelming majority. Why then could we not make a law -restoring the white metal to its constitutional place as the equal -of gold? Because, in the contest for the Speakership, the Northern -Congressmen _got control of the Committees as an exchange for the -office of Speaker_. - -But the tide of public feeling in favor of “Constitutional money” kept -on rising, and there is no doubt whatever that a majority of our people -in 1896, favored Bi-metallism. But Bryan, cunning and ambitious, used -his opportunities as a Bland delegate to undermine Bland, and at the -psychological moment treated Bland to what Garfield had treated Sherman. - -What had Bryan done for Bi-metallism? Nothing. He did not even -understand the true meaning of it. As for Bland, he had fought the -battle of “Constitutional money” while Bryan was at school, and when, -in the hour of Silver’s triumph, the hero of its struggle was cast -aside by his ungrateful party, it broke the old man’s heart and he died. - -When I think of the long series of years during which Mr. Bland was the -unflinching, untiring leader of the forces of Bi-metallism, and when I -think of the very substantial fruits of his labors, the manner in which -Bryan and the Democratic party flung him aside—the old horse turned -out to graze till he should drop—seems to me to be one of the most -convincing illustrations of the fact that “_politics is hell_.” - -Having captured the Democratic nomination, Bryan turned his attention -to the Populists. They had proved that they could poll nearly two -million votes. Bryan wanted them. Through Allen of Nebraska and Jones -of Arkansas he laid his plans to get them. By as foul a trick as ever -was played in American politics, the Populist Convention was inveigled -into giving its Presidential nomination to Bryan. Having got what -he sought, he broke the contract, turned a deaf ear to all appeals, -underrated the measure of Mid-road Populist resentment, invaded “the -enemy’s country,” cherished the delusion that he could win New England, -hung on to the impossible Sewall, and so lost the Presidency. - -It is a fact that the Republicans had no hope of success, after the -action of the Populist Convention, until Bryan himself adopted the -insane policy of making the race with two Vice-Presidential candidates -swinging on to the ticket. - -In that campaign, the whole money question was dwarfed to the -discussion of “Free Silver.” The great issue of Constitutional, -scientific Bi-metallism was shunted on to the spur track of Free -Silver. In that campaign he lost the East and the North, irrevocably. -Instead of making a strong, broad, easily understood plea for a -restoration of the financial system of Jefferson, of Madison, of -Monroe, of Jackson, of Benton, of Calhoun, he selected that detail -of the money question which was of the least consequence, which was -the most difficult to explain to the ordinary voter, and which,—on -account of the selfish interests of the Silver Kings—lent itself most -favorably to Republican assault. - -This error was Bryan’s own folly, for the Greenbacker and the Populist -had already demonstrated the advantage of treating the question in the -broad, fundamental way. To this day, Mr. Bryan pays the penalty. To the -business world, of every section of the Union, he is known as the “Free -Silver” crank, and the business world is dead against him. - -In 1900, the Spanish war had temporarily engulfed economic questions. -Bryan was astute enough to feel this; consequently, he discovered a -new Paramount Issue. It was Imperialism. But Bryan was not the man to -derive any benefit from it, for the simple reason that he was as much -responsible for it as the Republicans themselves. Tired of camp life -at Tampa, Mr. Bryan hurried to Washington City, exerted his personal -influence with certain Democratic Senators, and prevailed upon Senator -Clay and others to vote with the Republicans to ratify the Treaty of -Paris. - -As our Imperialism grows out of this Treaty, Mr. Bryan’s political -dishonesty in raising such an issue against the Republicans was so -glaring that they had very much less trouble in defeating him in 1900 -than they had had in 1896. - -Then came the ugly affair of the Bennett will; of Bryan’s acceptance of -gifts of money aggregating $12,000; of his efforts to secure, secretly, -a legacy of $50,000; of his astonishing lack of delicacy in drawing -up, in his home, a will for a doting old man who was Bryan’s guest; of -his mercenary persistence in his struggle against Bennett’s widow; of -his claim for a large fee as Executor of a will which he had drawn and -which the courts had set aside. - -Then came the revelation that while appearing to the public as the -devoted, unselfish, patriotic champion of Free Silver, he had been in -the pay of the Silvre Kings all the time. _Then_ we could understand -why he had narrowed the money question to that pitiful detail. -Millionaire Silver Mine-owners, like Marcus Daly and William A. Clark, -didn’t care a rap about Constitutional money. What they wanted was the -personal profit to be gained by them in carrying fifty cents’ worth -of the white metal to the U. S. Mints and having it turned into a -dollar. Free Silver meant millions of dollars to these Silver Kings. -Therefore they paid Bryan big prices to make speeches for Free Silver. -And the Peerless orator stuck to his text. And when the Silver Kings -discontinued the pay, Mr. Bryan discontinued the speeches. - -Afterwards came the campaign against Parker’s nomination in 1904. -Pretty much everything that could be said to prove that such a -nomination would be a base betrayal of the Jeffersonian element of the -Democratic party, Bryan said. In Chicago, notably, he hired a hall, -collected the faithful around him, made an impassioned speech setting -forth the shame of such a Ryan-Belmont candidacy as that of Parker, and -said that a Democrat ought to be ready and willing to die rather than -submit to such a surrender of principle as would be involved in the -nomination of Parker. - -Similar heroic declarations Mr. Bryan made against the Clevelandites, -the Wall Street element of his party, the undemocratic advocates of the -British gold standard which had chained the world to London. In his -book, in his paper, in his speeches,—particularly at Birmingham,—he -vowed that he would never support a gold standard candidate and that he -would quit the Democrats if the party adopted a gold standard platform. - -“_Is thy servant a dog that he should do this thing?_” That was the -tone of Bryan’s indignant reply whenever he was asked whether he would -follow his party if it deserted its principles. - -Alas! The heroics sounded well—but where was the hero? - -We admit that Bryan made a great fight against the Ryan-Belmont -hirelings in the Democratic National Convention of 1904. His forensic -powers are of a high order, and they were magnificently displayed in -that debate. But he wasn’t true grit, wasn’t dead game,—did not prove -himself a thoroughbred. No, he is not the kind of bird that dies in the -cock-pit; he showed the “dominecker.” - -Had he met Parker’s gold telegram with a defiant, “I accept the -challenge! Let those who are true to Democratic principles follow me -out of this Convention!” he would have smashed the Ryan-Belmont slate, -forced Parker out of the lists, won the nomination for himself, and -_might_ have been President. - -But he sunk the popular hero into the party hack,—let them put the -harness on, hitch him up and drive him in a direction that his record, -his vows and his convictions made it a disgrace for him to travel. - -Then came the speeches in which he said as much in favor of Parker as -he had said against him,—and Parker had not changed a bit. The change -was _there_, and it was vast,—but it was in Bryan. - -Then came the swing backwards to radicalism again. Bryan spoke at -the Jefferson Day banquet in Chicago in 1906 and said that the time -had come for the Democratic party to declare itself in favor of the -Government Ownership of the railroads. He advanced the proposition that -the states should own the local lines while Uncle Sam ran the trunk -lines. This absurd plan was the burden of the Bryan talk and Bryan -editorials for more than a year,—long enough for the whole country to -realize what an impractical “statesman” he is. So ludicrous a “break” -queered him still further with the men of the business world, and told -heavily against him in the campaign of this year. - -Then, after his home-coming speech in Madison Square Garden, he made -his final declaration in favor of Government Ownership. Having toured -Europe and witnessed the advantages of State-owned public utilities, -his own convictions in favor of that system had been strengthened. - -But Democratic editors and politicians raised a Bourbon outcry against -Government Ownership, and Bryan, after shuffling about awhile, took to -the woods. - -Then he fell in love with the Initiative and Referendum. Mightily -in favor of giving Direct Legislation to the people was Bryan. But -again the Bourbons raised their hands in holy horror, and again Bryan -flunked. “Willing to teach the children that the earth is flat, or that -it is round, whichever a majority of the School Board prefer”;—that’s -the kind of pedagogue partisan politics has made out of W. J. B. - -Then we heard him endorse Roosevelt, and agree with the President -that Congress ought to pay the campaign expenses of the two old -twins,—Chang and Eng,—and that honest bankers should be punished -for crimes _they_ didn’t commit, and that the Government should not -establish Postal savings banks but should perpetuate the National banks! - -Then we saw him dictate the Denver platform which is more Hamiltonian -than the Parker platform of 1904, and less favorable to the masses -than the platform of Mr. Taft. We saw him choose a Standard Oil tool -for the Chairmanship of his Finance Committee; we saw the Tobacco -represented on the same Committee; we saw him courting David B. Hill, -Judge Parker, Charles Murphy, Pat McCarren and “Fingy” Conners; we -saw him yoke up with the liquor interests in Maine, Indiana and Ohio; -we saw him change his whole political creed until Ryan, Belmont, -Harriman and Rockefeller had nothing to fear from him, and we saw him -conduct a campaign in which he stood for no distinct vital _democratic -principle_, whatever. Then we saw him dodge when the President asked -him, through the newspapers, how he stood on the Pearre bill which -seeks to have Congress declare that a man’s business is not entitled to -the same protection as his property. Impaled on that point, Bryan could -do nothing but squirm. - -Then indeed, he lost out with level-headed men of all parties. - - -II. - -Burdened with the record of his own instability, Bryan this year lost, -practically, everything excepting the South. True, he got Nevada (two -electoral votes,) and Colorado (five votes,) and Nebraska, (eight -votes,) but this state he carried by making a piteous, tearful personal -appeal,—and even then he got only a plurality, not a majority, and ran -far behind the Democratic State ticket; but the West has repudiated -him, just as the South and East have done. - -It would not be worth while to dwell upon the humiliation of that -political serfdom which kept the South in the Bryan column. - -The South voted for Bryan, _and is glad he wasn’t elected_. Everybody, -who knows anything, knows _that_. The fact ought to be able to -penetrate the conceit of Bryan himself. - -But is the fact important? It _is_, for its first consequence will be -the elimination of Bryan, and its second will be the restoration of the -South to her historic position in the Republic. It is the beginning of -Southern self-assertion; the end of her political nullity. - -Never again can Mr. Bryan hope to secure the support of the South. -His record makes it impossible for her delegates to acquiesce in his -nomination. - -This being so, the Bryanites of other sections will recognize the folly -of nominating him—for without the Solid South no Democrat can hope to -win the Presidency. - -When Bryan adopted that policy of Africanizing the Democratic party, -he drove nails into his political coffin. The facts were not aired by -the Southern papers during the campaign, but Bryan will hear from them -when he bobs up serenely and goes after a fourth nomination. Ever since -the Civil War, the Democratic party in the South has claimed to be the -white man’s party. Because it was feared that a division of the whites -into two parties would result in giving to the negroes the balance of -power, the Southern people have allowed the Democracy of other sections -to legislate against our interests, to ignore our industrial existence, -to rob our producers under forms of law, to foist upon us candidates -not of our choosing, and platforms which we detested. - -The Democrats of other sections were permitted to treat us as though we -belonged to them, _because_ we feared to divide into two competitive -white parties,—feared Negro Domination. - -For thirty years the South has been struggling to establish White -Supremacy, and to diminish the political importance of the negro. - -Yet in this campaign of 1908 we heard Bryan’s lieutenant, Henry -Watterson, declare that _the time had come for the Negroes to divide -and thus increase their political importance_. The whole Bryanite -campaign was pitched to that key. “The time has come to increase the -political importance of the negro!” - -In other words, the Bryanites deserted the Democratic position on the -negro question, and went over to the Thad Stevens-Sumner position, at -the very time that the Republicans, led by Roosevelt and Taft, were -coming over to the Southern view. We saw Bryan flirting with the negro -leaders, and seeking to make a Democratic asset out of the resentment -which they felt because of Roosevelt’s pro-Southern position on the -matter of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. We likewise saw Mr. -Bryan witness with seeming approval, the parade of negro clubs on whose -banners were displayed extracts from Foraker’s speeches denouncing -the President for his dismissal from the army of the black brutes who -on their way to Brownsville insolently declared “When we get there -all the women will look alike to us, white, black and Mexican”; and -who put a climax to a series of outrages and threats by shooting up -the town—killing one man at his own gate, bringing down the Chief of -police with a shattered arm, riddling hotel and private houses with -bullets; and terrorizing men, women and children. - -Yes, we saw Bryan receiving negro delegations who came to confer with -him about the negro soldiers; we saw the colored delegations cordially -met and hospitably entertained; and we heard them say, that they were -perfectly satisfied with the assurances which Mr. Bryan had given -them. They circulated, by the hundred thousand, a letter, bearing -the names of the most prominent negroes of the land, in which the -statement occurs that _“We have been in communication with Mr. Bryan -for weeks and have received satisfactory assurances from him” as to_ -PATRONAGE, RECOGNITION, AND THE AMENDMENTS. - -Mr. Bryan must have been aware of the fact that this circular letter -was being used in his behalf. It is highly probable that his Campaign -Committee furnished the money which paid for the printing and the -mailing of it; and there is no doubt that the negro speakers who went -about asking for votes for Bryan, because of Brownsville and because of -the Southern Disfranchisement laws, were paid by the Bryanite Committee. - -It would have been a calamity to the country had the desperate tactics -of the Bryanites met with success. The impression would have been made -that the negro vote elected him, and there is no telling how far that -would have influenced Mr. Bryan in his official dealings with the negro -leaders. - -We must remember that he earnestly supported the candidacy of a negro -against a white man, in Nebraska. The negro got the office. It is said -that no such thing had occurred in Nebraska before. - -He educated his daughter and one of his sons at the Social Equality -“University of Nebraska,” and another of his sons is a student there -now. To this Social Equality College, Mr. Bryan annually donates two -hundred and fifty dollars. - -He has never uttered a word against the mixed schools of Nebraska -wherein the negro children are educated on terms of Social Equality -with the whites. He has never condemned the intermarriage of blacks and -whites. There is no law against it in Nebraska, and miscegenation is -common. - -Born and reared in Illinois, Mr. Bryan holds the anti-Southern view -of the race question. By birth, education and environment, he got the -belief that Social Equality is right, and he practices what he believes -when he sends his children to be educated along with the negroes. - -How can the South, knowing these things _as she now does_, ever support -Bryan again? To do so would be to reverse her position on that question -which to her is the most important of all. During the heat of the -campaign, Southern editors who knew of these things kept mum. It will -not be so when Bryan seeks the fourth nomination. - -In the next national convention of the Democratic party, the South will -not be run over as the Bryanites ran over her at Denver. - -If she demands the Vice-Presidency in 1912, it won’t go to the attorney -of the Brewers’ Combine of Indiana. If Lincoln’s name should again be -lugged into the Convention, it will again be honored, but when the -name of Robert E. Lee is mentioned it will not be hooted and hissed. -Democrats of the other sections may not be pleased by the attitude of -Southern delegations, but we venture the prediction that no Haskell -brass-bands will insult them by tauntingly playing, “_Marching thro’ -Georgia_.” - - -III. - -But it is not such a misfortune to Mr. Bryan that he will never be -President. Several millions of very respectable men share that lot with -him. He is rich,—the only man that ever got rich doing reform work. In -Bryan’s case, indeed, there has been no reform work,—just floods of -talk about it. - -He has friends everywhere, has no personal enemies, is of sanguine -temperament, is rounding out into a comfortable fatness, has no bad -habits, no gentlemanly vices, and is so unconsciously self-righteous in -all that he does that he fails to realize what bad taste he displays -when he introduces his wife’s name into a public speech and sets forth -at length her qualifications for the position of “First Lady in the -land.” - -Personally, we bear Mr. Bryan no ill will and wish him no harm, but -it is our deliberate opinion that his inordinate ambition for office -and his mistakes as a leader have done more immense injury to the -cause of reform. He destroyed the Populist party, he has wrecked the -Democratic party, he has driven thousands of Conservative men into the -Republican ranks, and thousands of radical Democrats and Populists to -the Socialists. - -His career has been rich in substantial rewards to Mr. Bryan himself, -but, on the whole, it has been the bane of Jeffersonian democracy. - - - - -Foreign Missions - - -The action of the South Georgia Conference of the Methodist Church in -voting $65,000 to Foreign Missions, last week, moves the _Jeffersonian_ -to say another word upon that subject. - -Some time ago, the New York _World_ published a statement to the effect -that, out of every ninety dollars contributed in this country to the -Foreign Mission fund, only one dollar reached the heathen. This is a -sweeping arraignment of the honesty and efficiency of the management of -the funds which we are not prepared to indorse. - -Our criticism follows a different line. The question raised by the -_Jeffersonian_ is this,—_What moral right have American Christians to -leave their own poor_,—UNFED, UNCLOTHED AND UNREDEEMED,—_and -to drain off into foreign lands millions upon millions of American -dollars to feed and clothe and redeem the poor of those foreign lands?_ - -It is a most serious question, Brother. - -You tell us, as per formula, that we are commanded to carry the Gospel -to all the world. Granted. But where are we commanded to leave our own -poverty-stricken wretches to die like poisoned rats in their holes, -while we relieve the physical distress of the Chinese? - -What moral right have we to deny the beggar at our gate, and to heed -the plaint of the Chinese beggar? - -One of our private correspondents a little while ago, wrote us that a -certain preacher, whose attention he called to our statements on this -subject, declared that said statements “_were misleading_.” - -Wherein? They could not _mislead_. If what we have said about our -foreign missionaries furnishing food, clothing, medicine, fuel, etc., -to foreign “converts” is the truth, our people are entitled to know it. - -If our statements are false, _we_ want to know it. - -A very prominent and able Baptist minister,—who has long been a -laborer in the Foreign Missions field,—and a well-known Methodist -minister, who has been similarly engaged, _are responsible for the -statements made by the Jeffersonian_. - -One of these noble men said that the most discouraging thing about the -Foreign Missions work was, that _when the rations to the “converts” -were cut off, the convert lost interest in the Christian faith_. - -What words could we employ that would arraign the system more severely? - - * * * * * - -The idea of the _Jeffersonian_ is that each nation of the world should -take care of its own poor. We are not responsible for pauperism, vice -and crime in China. There is no more reason why we should be taxed for -_contributions to maintain a commissary_ in Pekin or Hong Kong than in -Paris, Berlin or London. We leave to the French the task of providing -for the Parisian poor; we don’t think of supplying food, raiment and -medicine to Berlin paupers; and we consider it the duty of the English -to provide for London outcasts. Why, then should we virtually coerce -our American Christians into sending money to heathen lands for the -purpose of relieving the physical distress of the heathen? - -While penning this editorial, it occurred to us to glance at a New York -exchange, for the purpose of noting _some contemporaneous instance of -starvation, or of suicide because of hunger and lack of employment_. -The newspapers of the North have been gruesomely full of many ghastly -incidents of that kind. - -Yes, _there it was_, page 3, of the N. Y. Evening Journal, of December -4th, 1908. - -A white woman, sick and starving, and with a babe at her breast, fell -exhausted on Fifth Avenue,—the home-street of the richest men the -world has ever known. All of them are Christians. When prosecuted for -their criminal methods of taking other people’s property away from -them, they blandly perjure themselves, escape the feeble clutches -of the law, turn up serenely at church, next Sunday, and contribute -handsomely to Foreign Missions. - -The woman who fell starving, on the street where these richest of men -live, was named Mrs. Mary Schrumm. She was young, thinly dressed, and -_had not tasted food for two days. The child was nearly famished, -almost frozen and had acute bronchitis._ Her husband was out of work; -an old woman with whom she had found shelter had been given notice to -vacate; and Mrs. Schrumm had gone into the streets to seek refuge in -some one of the charitable institutions. _She had been turned away from -each of these that she could reach. She had begged that her babe, at -least, might be taken in. No; the babe was sick, and_ THEY COULD -NOT TAKE IN A SICK CHILD! - -God! And we talk about _what the heathen need! The hardest-hearted -heathen that Jehovah ever made are some of the seared hypocrites who -call themselves Christians._ - -Denied everywhere, poor Mrs. Schrumm wandered about the streets, in the -bitterly cold wind, until she fell, completely tired out. - -_Then_, indeed, charity had to sit up and take notice. The starving -woman was put into an ambulance, and carried to a hospital. _She_ will -probably recover; her child will probably die. - -Then, _what moral right_ have you to let such unfortunates as these -_fall starving in_ YOUR _streets_, while you are sending -_hundreds of millions of dollars abroad to feed, clothe, physic and -make fires for the hungry, “thinly clad,” sick and shivering Chinese_? - -Doesn’t your own “mother wit” tell you that _Foreign Missions could -not consume such vast sums of money_, IF THE MISSIONARIES LIMITED -THEMSELVES TO PREACHING THE GOSPEL! - -Put on your think cap, son. - -In the New York _World_ of December 5, 1908, is reported the case of -George Schulze who shot himself to death, in spite of the pleadings of -his wife and children, because he was out of work, had tried in vain to -secure employment and was in despair. - -If these were not typical cases, we would not dwell upon them. But they -_are_ typical cases, _and you know it_. - - - - -Treasure Trove - - -The writer of the ballad which the Jeffersonian presents to its readers -this month was Clara V. Dargan. She was born near Winnsboro, S. C., the -daughter of Dr. K. S. Dargan, descendant of an old Virginia family of -the highest standing. Her mother was a native Charlestonian of Huguenot -blood, and from her the poetess inherited vivacity, social charm and a -love for romance. The Dargan family was wealthy, but lost everything by -the war. Miss Dargan published many poems and short prose stories in -the periodicals of the time. In 1863, she was the literary editor of -the “Edgefield Advertiser.” - -One of her stories, “Philip, My Son,” was considered by so good an -authority as Henry Timrod to be equal to any story published in -“Blackwood’s.” - -“Jean to Jamie” seems to us almost the perfection of a poem of that -class. The pathos of it is so genuine, so unobtrusive and so deep that -one feels, instinctively, that the lines of the poem ran from the heart -of one who had suffered. Henry Timrod said of it, “The verse flows with -the softness of a woman’s tears.” The poem, published in 1866, has long -since been lost to current literature. Believing it to be a treasure -that ought to be recovered, we reproduce it. - - -Jean to Jamie - - What do you think now, Jamie, - What do you think now? - ’Tis many a long year since we parted; - Do you still believe Jean honest-hearted— - Do you think so now? - - You did think so once, Jamie, - In the blithe spring-time; - “There’s never a star in the blue sky - That’s half sae true as my Jamie,” quo’ I— - Do you mind the time? - - We were happy then, Jamie, - Too happy, I fear; - Sae we kissed farewell at the cottage door— - I never hae seen you since at that door - This many a year. - - For they told you lies, Jamie; - You believed them a’! - You, who had promised to trust me true - Before the whole world—what did you do? - You believed them a’! - - When they called you fause, Jamie, - And argued it sair, - I flashed wi’ anger—I kindled wi’ scorn, - Less at you than at them; I was sae lorn, - I couldna do mair. - - After a bit while, Jamie,— - After a while, - I heard a’ the cruel words you had said— - The cruel, hard words; sae I bowed my head— - Na tear—na smile— - - And you took your letters, Jamie, - Gathered them a’, - And burnt them one by one in the fire, - And watched the bright blaze leaping higher— - Burnt ringlet and a’! - - Then back to the world, Jamie, - Laughing went I; - There ne’er was a merrier laugh than mine; - What foot could outdance me—what eye outshine? - “Puir fool!” laughed I. - - But I’m weary of mirth, Jamie, - ’Tis hollowness a’; - And in these long years sin’ we were parted, - I fear I’m growing aye colder-hearted - Than you thought ava! - - I hae many lovers, Jamie, - But I dinna care; - I canna abide a’ the nonsense they speak— - Yet I’d go on my knees o’er Arran’s gray peak - To see thee ance mair! - - I long for you back, Jamie, - But that canna be; - I sit all alone by the ingle at e’en, - And think o’ those sad words: “It might have been”— - Yet never can be! - - D’ye think o’ the past, Jamie? - D’ye think o’ it now? - ’Twad be a bit comfort to know that ye did— - Oh, sair, would I greet to know that ye did, - My dear, dear Jamie! - - - - -The Passing of Lucy and Rollo - - -Gentle reader, did you ever steep your mind in one of those Sunday -School hooks which were in circulation previous to our Civil War? If -not, ransack your grandmother’s garret until you find a specimen of -that Arcadian literature. - -The little boy in those blessed books never quarrelled, never had a -fight, never had dirty hands, and would have been inexpressibly shocked -had he made a conversational slip in grammar. He was an intolerable -angel in breeches—was this little boy of the Sunday school book. -_He_ couldn’t “talk back,” nor handle slang, nor throw rocks, nor -skin-the-cat, nor ride the billy-goat, nor tie things to a dog’s tail, -nor put a pin in a chair for somebody to sit on. If the Bad Boy hit him -in the stomach, he wept meekly, quoted a text, and went home to his -mamma. - -In common conversation, the language of this Good Boy was drawn from -wells of English undefiled. Erasmus never used choicer words; and -Chesterfield was not more perfect in manners, than was this detestable -Good Boy. - -Among youths of his own age, he was a miniature Socrates, washed and -otherwise purified. Wisdom oozed from him in hateful streams. The -sagacity of sages sat on him with uncanny ease. - -When a grown man spoke to this Good Boy, the G. B. never replied until -he had lifted his right hand and ejaculated “Oh, Sir!” After the salute -and the “Oh, Sir,” came the response, which always did infinite credit -to the manners, mind and heart of this outrageously Good Boy. - -Life was an easy-going affair to the G. B. All things came his way. -He was virtuous and he was happy. Nothing ever occurred to soil his -clothes or tangle his hair. His nose never bled, he never bit his -tongue, never struck his funny-bone, never mashed his thumb with the -hammer, never had his drink to go the wrong way. He was never drowned -while bathing in the pond, for the simple reason that he didn’t “go -in” on the Sabbath. The Bad Boy “went in washing” on Sunday and was -drowned, as a matter of course. - -Daniel in the lion’s den was not safer amid the perils than was the -Good Boy among the ills which are incident to boyhood. Past vicious -bulls and snappish curs he walked serene and unharmed. Neither his gun, -nor his pony ever kicked him; neither the wasp, nor the bee, nor the -yellow-jacket ventured to sting him; nettles avoided his bare feet; no -boil came to afflict his nose, nor stye to distort his eye. No limb -of a tree ever broke under _him_, and gave him a nasty fall. He never -tumbled into the creek, nor snagged his “pants,” nor sprained his -ankle, nor cut his finger, nor bumped his head, nor walked against the -edge of the door at night. - -Nothing could happen to this insufferable Good Boy—nothing bad, I -mean. _His_ shoes never blistered his heels, his hat never blew away, -he never lost his hand-kerchief, never had a stone-bruise, never missed -his lessons, never soiled his book, never played truant, and never ate -anything which caused him to clap both hands to a certain place in -front while he doubled up and howled. - -Oh, a pink of perfection was this odious boy of the ante-bellum Sunday -School books. - -And next to him in comprehensive unbearableness was the little girl who -was the counterpart of this little boy. - -Her name was Lucy. Or, perhaps, Marielle. Or, for the sake of variety, -Lucretia. - -And what a portentous proposition in pantalettes she was, to be sure! - -[Illustration: “Rollo, Lucy and Mariette went Together.”] - -She talked just as exquisitely as did the Good Boy. Her selection of -words was artistic, and her grammar immaculate. If William Pitt’s -natural style was that of the “State Paper,” the colloquial standard of -Lucy, Lucretia and Marielle was that of Madame de Stael. - -She walked with primness; if she ran at all, it was with dignity; she -did not giggle, did not romp, never made a mud pie, never pinched the -Good Boy, and was such a formidable little thing, generally, that -even the Bad Boy never snatched her bonnet. Such a thought as that of -stealing a kiss from her never entered the head of _any_ boy, good, bad -or indifferent. - -This unearthly girl always seemed an impossibility to me, after I -became a grown-up, until I chanced to read about the daughter of John -Adams, second President of these United States. Mr. Adams married a -stately woman whose name was Abigail. What else could you expect, if -not that a girl born to John Adams and his wife, Abigail, would be a -tremendous little girl from the very start? Her parents named _her_ -Abigail,—as an additional guarantee against chewing gum, coca-cola, -slang, and tomboyishness. - -[Illustration: ABIGAIL ADAMS] - -At the age of eighteen, we find Miss Abigail Adams writing about her -father as though he were some Sphinx or Pyramid that she had been -viewing. Please go slow, as you read what this young lady says of her -own papa: - -“I discover a thousand traits of softness, delicacy and sensibility -in this excellent man’s character. How amiable, how respectable, -how worthy of every token of my attention has this conduct rendered -a parent, a father, to whom we feel due even a resignation of our -opinions.” - -Did you ever? Just try to put yourself at the view-point of a girl who -could calmly sit down and analyze her father, as a naturalist would -disjoint a rare beetle. Think of a daughter referring to her father as -“_this excellent man_,” and classing him “_respectable_”! Think of a -daughter dutifully conceding, in writing, that her dad is “worthy of my -attention” and “even a resignation of our opinions.” - -And, after all, she jumped from the sublime to the ridiculous by -marrying a man named Smith! - -But she has restored my confidence in the girl of the Sunday school -book. Lucy _did_ appear on this planet in the flesh; and when she -talked and wrote her style was that of little Abigail Adams. Marielle -was not an impossibility, nor was Lucretia. Even that obnoxious Good -Boy was true to life—if John Adams’ description of his son John -Quincy is not too highly colored by paternal pride. After reading said -paternal description I can understand how it was that, while Henry -Clay made friends out of those whom he refused, John Quincy Adams made -enemies by his manner in granting favors. - - * * * * * - -But no matter how many Lucys and Rollos existed prior to our War -between the States, it would be mighty hard to find a Lucy or a Rollo -now. Times have changed, manners have changed, types have changed. -What is responsible for the bold-eyed girl—the girl of loose speech -and loud manners? What is responsible for the irreverent boy—the boy -of the cigarette and of _the look which undresses every handsome woman -that he meets_? These are the boys that greet girls with a “Hello!” -and a leer that should offend. These are the girls who shout “Hello!” -to the boys, and who lie prone by the side of young men during a -“straw-ride” at night. Are all such maidens the daughters of mothers -who drink and gamble? Are all such youths the sons of men who have no -morals? By no means. Our whole social and industrial situation has -changed, and the people have changed with it. - -Would that I could believe that our Public System is guiltless in -this matter. Use your eyes as you pass a crowded academy and note the -conditions which make against common decency—to say nothing of that -deference and respect with which every properly trained boy should -treat members of the other sex. - -But there are causes deeper, more universal than the promiscuous mix-up -in the Public Schools. The centripetal power of class legislation -is drawing capital inward to the small centre of the Privileged. To -the masses is left a constantly smaller proportion of the nation’s -annual production of wealth. In turn, this law-made and abnormal -condition of things over-crowds the cities. In fact, rural life has -become so unattractive that the trend of population is _from the farm -to the town_. Every village has its surplus—the men and boys, white -and black, who have no visible means of support and who can not be -persuaded to work. In every town is the girl who hardly knows why she’s -there,—but she’s there. - -[Illustration: “‘Oh! Look,’ cried Lucy.”] - -And the pace-that-kills in the Chicagos and New Yorks is faithfully -represented, on a small scale, in each of our towns. Don’t all of us -know it? We do. But what is the remedy? - -The temperance people believe that whiskey is at the bottom of the -trouble. The church people believe that irreligion is the source of the -evil. The school teacher believes that education will save the day. - -But can not the student of human affairs see that the demoralization -incident to four years of civil strife shook our entire social system -like an earthquake? Did not the Spanish war light up,—luridly, -vividly, horribly,—the almost universal corruption which had seized -upon the body politic? - -“Eat, drink and be merry—tomorrow we die.” When a nation rings with -that cry, it is close to the whirlpool. “Let us have a good time!” The -man drinks and makes much of his food; the woman drinks and thinks a -deal about her eating; the boy drinks and knows the good dishes; the -girl drinks and daintily scans the menu. “Hello!” shouts the dashing -boy; “Hello!” answers the dashing girl, and off they hurry to some -place where talk, songs, pictures and conduct are “up-to-date,”—_and -in many and many a case the Hello couple are reeling hellward by -midnight_. - -Don’t we _know_ that our statute-book is the Iliad of our woes? - -The few are wickedly rich while the many are helplessly poor, because -the laws have been made _for the purpose of bringing about that very -state of affairs_. There is a fierce struggle for existence which waxes -more desperate every year. _Men fight each other for a job, with a -ferocity like that of starving dogs fighting over a bone._ Girls are -forced into positions where delicacy of feeling is trampled out and -where it requires heroic courage to resist the tempters who are ever on -her trail to pull her down. - -Who does not know that the ten million dollars which one of our -religious denominations recently sent abroad for Foreign Missions would -be better employed if it were devoted to the breaking up of our hideous -marketing of white women to lewd houses? Who does not feel that the -hundreds of millions which our Government has spent in the Philippines -had better have been left in the pockets of the taxpayers here at home? -Who does not know that we ought to tremble for our future when we see -how our law-makers have been the willing tools of those who ruin the -millions of men and women, girls and boys, in order that a few hundreds -of ravenous rascals like Rockefeller and Carnegie and Havemeyer and -Ryan and Vanderbilt and Gould and Harriman shall each be richer than -any king ever was? - -Most of us _do_ know it. Some of us have long been trying to arouse the -patient, victimized millions to a sense of their own wrongs. But it is -an uphill work. Some despair, some scoff, some are callous, some won’t -listen, some are timid, some are interested in keeping things as they -are, some think it is God’s will that a favored few should reach the -Paradise of unlimited riches while the unfavored multitudes sink into a -hell of eternal wretchedness. - -The lotus-eater’s plaint of “_Let us alone_” is to me as fearful as -that reckless, creedless, madly selfish cry “_Let us eat, drink and be -merry: tomorrow we die._” - -Jay Gould contemptuously dismissed the suggestion that, some day, the -American people might rise in arms against its swinish plutocracy. Said -Jason, the cynical, - -“_I could hire one-half of the people to shoot the other half._” - -The man who said that was not more contemptuous of us than are the -plutocrats who rule and rob us now. But perhaps what he said is the -truth. They manage to keep us divided, about half and half, in the -bloodless battle of ballots; perhaps, if it came to shooting they could -divide us the same way. - -[Illustration: “He Certainly Was Good To Me.” - -New York _American_] - - - - -A Survey of the World - -By Tom Dolan - - -Congress Reassembles—The President’s Message - -The attention of the sixty-first Congress was naturally given first to -the President’s annual document, which this year lost none of its usual -length. In its entirety it is a plea for centralization of governmental -authority in “the administration,” alleging that the nation cannot be -“in peril from any man who derives authority from the people and who -is from time to time compelled to give an account of its exercise to -the people.” Mr. Roosevelt should know, and does know, however, that -under our present manner of electing executives “the people” are as a -mass too indifferent, or too ignorant, to demand such an accounting -and until election by popular vote is incorporated as a principle of -proceeding, he is virtually suggesting a monarchy, upheld by a special -caste consisting of the holders of Federal office and the recipients of -Administrative favor. - -For the control of the trusts, he offers nothing new—nothing that he -has not already woven into the fabric of “my policies.” He denounces -the Sherman law, and believes in regulation and control by strong -central authority. - -On the question of the currency, he was pathetically weak and eagerly -willing to leave it to his monetary commission to “propose a thoroughly -good system which will do away with the existing defects,” and very -guardedly admits that there was a “monetary disturbance in the fall of -1907 which immensely increased the difficulty of ordinary relief.” - -On the labor question—a matter upon which Hamiltonians may much more -safely grow expansive than those of finance—Mr. Roosevelt declared -against child labor, for diminution of work on the part of women, and -a general shortening of the hours of labor and for an inheritance tax -that would help to equalize the burden of taxation which now falls -so heavily upon those least able to bear it. He commended highly the -intelligence of the labor vote, which refused to be “swung” as a -unit for any candidate and took occasion to pay his respects to Mr. -Taft as an ideal Judge. On protection to workingmen, Mr. Roosevelt -displayed a sympathetic attitude which does him much credit. “When a -workman is injured, he needs not an expensive and dreadful lawsuit, -but the certainty of relief through immediate administrative action. -No academic theory about ‘freedom of contract’ should be permitted to -interfere with this movement.” He urged Congress to pass without delay -an Employers’ Liability Law, which should serve as a model, covering -the District of Columbia. - -Among the old issues to which Mr. Roosevelt adverted were -recommendations pertaining to the preservation of forests and the -encouragement of industrial education. The Philippine policy is to -continue and independence is promised so indefinitely that it is -apparent that no voluntary, relinquishment is ever intended. Both the -Parcels Post and Postal Savings Banks were favored, the former being -strongly urged. - -[Illustration: _Washington, D. C. Herald_] - -Results—not the sinking of money for no adequate return—was stressed -as to inland waterways. Considerations in reference to public health -came in for a word, and the Pure Food Law was lauded in superlative -terms. The President advocated increased appropriations for educational -departments and for increasing the “now totally inadequate pay of our -judges.” - -Mr. Roosevelt advises abandonment of the idea of combining New Mexico -and Arizona into one State, and suggests that they each be given -independent Statehood. - -He averred that the nation’s foreign policy is “based on the theory -that right must be done between nations as between individuals.” This -is a specimen of “speaking softly.” The “Big Stick” follows almost -immediately in the almost frantic state of mind he seems to be in -concerning the needs for a great army and navy. Even the small boys -ought to be trained in rifle practice! If he had added the hope that -small girls would be taught to mould bullets and scrape lint, he would -have been patriotically sublime! - -That portion of his message which demands that members of legislative -branch of the government be prosecuted as are those in the executive, -and his sneer at Congress as being afraid of the Secret Service has -created intense excitement in both houses and the language used in the -message may be totally expunged from the records. Both Democrats and -Republicans concur in the disposition to ignore matters of party and -act in this matter, casting a stigma upon them all, as a whole. - -Mr. Roosevelt’s bold assertion that the Panama Canal is a model for all -work of that kind will meet many challengers. Philippe Bunau-Varilla, -formerly Panama minister to the United States, has just issued a -statement declaring that the Canal will cost $280,000,000 and that the -plan now being carried out, owing to the dangers from the Gatun Dam, -(which has already shown itself unreliable) “will result almost surely -in the greatest disaster in the history of public undertakings.” - -The President’s message, altogether, is like the President himself: -commendable in some respects, partisan to a degree and strong in -language rather than logic. - - -Reforming the House of Lords - -Someone has said that every twentieth Englishman is a genius and the -balance dolts, or something of that tenor. The Special committee of the -House of Lords, in its report recommending a radical change in that -body, seems actuated by a desire to retain as many of the twentieth -type as possible and eliminate the rest. - -At present, this august body contains 618 members, consisting of the -royal princes, the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, two dozen -minor bishops, the English peers and those Scotch and Irish peers who -have been elected by their fellows to represent the nobility of these -respective countries. - -The committee each of the colonies send elective peers; that the -24 bishops elect one-third of their number to the Lords at each -Parliament. The Archbishops are to remain permanent features and about -130 hereditary peers are to be retained, including such as have held -the position of Cabinet minister, or of Governor-General of Canada, or -Viceroy of India or have enjoyed high positions in the army or navy; -and all who have served for twenty years in the House of Commons. Five -judges are to be added as “law lords” and of the remaining number 200 -are to be elected as representative peers. - -By this selective, as well as elective, method, the fittest in brains, -skill and ability would survive. It is equally probable, however, that, -so far as broad, progressive policies are concerned, a House of Lords -so made up would be even a greater handicap to the popular will than -as it stands today. The average Lord now accepts his seat therein with -that nonchalance which characterizes his attitude toward those other -favors of fortune which are his by birth. He feels no added pride and -seldom any real obligation to interest himself in measures that come -before the House. While he is an obstructionist, it is after a rather -passive fashion. To change this so as to make a seat in the galaxy of -Lords a prize to be contested for, while limiting the eligibles to -the race in the arbitrary manner proposed, would inevitably mean a -powerful governing body, supersaturated with class-consciousness and -hyper-sensitive to the faintest breath against its own aristocratic -dominance. The reactionaries would entrench themselves by electing the -most brilliant men of their own views. The lonely members from Canada, -Australia, New Zealand and South Africa would have slight influence in -shaping the destiny of the Empire as a whole and none as to England’s -domestic affairs. To public opinion, then, as now, the House of Lords -would be almost impervious. How, indeed, can any set of men taught to -regard themselves, from infancy, as superior beings, be affected by the -ideas of the plebeians? They have always assumed their class to be the -natural governor and guardian of the hoi polloi. If the H. P. doesn’t -thrive, it’s not the fault of the nobility. - -It is no wonder that the House of Lords itself should be shamed over -the survival of a caste system which permits even an idiot, born to the -purple, to share the honors and responsibilities of membership in the -highest assembly of their government, but even those apologists who -maintain that the Britisher of rank feels obligations to humanity as -does no other public man must take fright at the proposed concentration -of power the new plan would insure. Certes, after many years of -thwarted hopes for bettering of general conditions, the patient English -people could only rise, in holy wrath, and abolish the House of Lords -altogether. And, as a real and permanent reform measure, why don’t they -do it now? - - -The German Incident Closed - - “The toot of the Teuton is tootin’ no more, - All sober sits Berlin, beside the wild Spree;” - -The words of this classic were never more apropos. The ebullition of -German indignation over their Kaiser’s indiscreet interview, published -in the London Daily Telegraph recently, the salient features of which -were summarized in the December Jeffersonian, has subsided and the hard -words, as proverbial, have “broken no bones.” That something drastic -should be done to prevent such outbreaks in future, as well as to -reprimand the “Great War Lord” for the unfortunate garrulity, was the -generally held, resentful opinion; but _doing_ it, was another matter, -unless the mincing of words between the Emperor and his Imperial -Chancellor could so be construed. After their meeting for the purpose -of discussing the matter, Von Bulow announced to the Reichstag that -he was convinced the Kaiser would hereafter “observe that reserve, -even in private conversations, which is equally indispensable in the -interest of a uniform policy, and for the authority of the Crown.” -This assurance was further bolstered by an official publication that -Emperor William “approved this statement” and “gave Prince Bulow the -assurance of his continued confidence.” This pacification the Reichstag -was apparently glad to accept, in lieu of a constitutional guarantee -of a check upon the Kaiser. During the national hysteria, when all -were alike guilty of lese-majeste, it was safe to join the popular -clamor. In his official capacity, no member of the Reichstag seemed -bold enough to attempt to storm the fortress of “Divine Right.” It -would have required a now impossible unification of opposing forces -in that body, under leadership fearless of the consequences to self, -to have magnified the disturbance into a real revolution in the -German government. So, on all sides, there was a refluencing tide of -displeasure—but the water-mark will remain for many a day to show that -patience has its limits even in a people of almost unexampled docility. -And, after having enjoyed a very carnival of free speech, they will -never again submit to the gagging which has heretofore obtained. - -Whether the Kaiser feels the humiliation accredited to him or not, is -rather doubtful. At any rate, he viewed the storm with superb outward -indifference, causing it to be understood, while he was enjoying -himself on a hunting trip with the heir to the Austrian throne, that -he was “heedless of the exaggerations of public criticism which he -regarded as incorrect.” He is still The State—chance confidences with -interviewers notwithstanding. But his subjects may not be quite so -passive as before. - -[Illustration: Freight Rates Increase] - - -Events in China - -One of the strangest, strongest characters in history passed from the -stage when the Dowager Empress of China, best known to us as Tsi An, -yielded to Death—her only conqueror—some time in November last. -Born a slave, the story of how her wit, beauty, determination and -utter unscrupulousness placed an empire boasting at least 400,000,000 -subjects at her feet, is well known. For fifty years she reigned -an absolute despot, while other nations rose and fell, maps were -changed, the tide of Occidental civilization began to beat down the -ancient barriers of her realm. Knowing that the summons had come to -her, did she yet stretch out her still powerful hand and remove the -weakling Emperor, whose demise preceded her own by so short a time? -A physical wreck—a virtual prisoner and perhaps the victim of some -brain stupefying drug, there were still dangers to be feared to the -dynasty she so long upheld, and all her record shows she would not -have hesitated at any step necessary to preserve the reign of the -Manchus and repel the efforts which reformers might make, through -Tsai-ti’ien, to hasten forward a foreign type of government. Much -evil is said of the Dowager Empress—and much evil perhaps she did, -according to some standards; yet she selected her ministers with -some wisdom and can scarcely be censured for refusing to let herself -and the Chinese masses—both intensely conservative—be harried into -“reforms” for which they were unprepared. The national and racial pride -of such highly informed Chinese as had received not only the education -appropriate to their class at home, but who had enjoyed foreign -advantages, is in nowise typical—and it must be remembered that Tsi -An was dealing with “teeming millions” indeed. She was not stubbornly -unprogressive, as various Imperial edicts issued within the past decade -demonstrated. Indeed, it was not long since that one assurance was -given that a Constitution would be granted within nine years. - -Prince Chun—named recently as regent, will link the ideas and methods -of the ancient Pure Dynasty with those which must prevail long ere -little Pu Yi, his baby Emperor, who toddled into the Manchu succession -the other day, can take the reins of government for himself. The people -have accepted the tiny monarch designed to continue the present dynasty -with no ill will. Chinese discontent has been constant for lo! these -centuries, for the Manchus are a foreign Mongol race, but the almost -simultaneous deaths of the nominal ruler and his iron-willed aunt, and -the installation of a three-year-old as puppet king, made comparatively -slight impression. Indeed, it is not likely that all China knows even -yet that there has been any change, so slowly does news travel in some -parts thereof. Under such torpid conditions, there may be uprisings -against Viceroys in certain provinces, but anything like a general -revolution will not in many years threaten the peace of the empire. -The emancipation of China will come through enlightened rulers; or be -deferred by intrigue within the Court. Three uprisings have taken place -against the Manchu rule, but they were all before foreign interests -and influence had intervened to give the yellow race a common cause -against white aggression and patriotic Chinamen and Manchus will prefer -a government by all the people rather than a mere change in the throne. -Unless signs speedily fail, no real “crisis” is imminent. - -[Illustration: “THE DONKEY IS A PATIENT ANIMAL.”—_W. J. Bryan._ - -New York _World_] - - -The Japanese Alliance and Elihu Root - -“The people of the United States hold for Japan a peculiar feeling of -regard and friendship” wrote Theodore Roosevelt after the visit to -himself and Elihu Root of Baron Kogoro Takahira, Japanese Ambassador, -last September. After much that has seemed unnecessarily subterranean -in the negotiations between Takahira and the Secretary of State, -admissions have been wormed from official sources that these gentlemen -have consummated a pact that is variously regarded as a miracle of deft -diplomacy; a dangerous entangling alliance or as a farcical declaration -of non-binding intentions. - -Subjected to examination, the “agreement” covers the following main -points, stated in brief: - -A mutual wish to “encourage the free and peaceful development of their -commerce in the Pacific.” - -Since the imperialistic idea is that peace is best preserved by being -prepared for war, this “peaceful development” inevitably means to the -United States a vastly increased naval burden. No less if Japan be -honest than if she be insincere. - -The second article declares for the maintenance of the existing status -quo and the “defense of the principle of equal opportunity for commerce -and industry _in China_.” - -Has the Chinese boycott of Japanese goods anything to do with this? -Takahira or Marquis Katsura, Japanese premier, please answer. - -The third article obligates each nation to respect the territorial -possessions in the Pacific of the other. - -What territorial possessions has Uncle Sam save the Philippines, whose -loss would be a good riddance? - -The fourth article is nothing more than an elaboration of the second. - -The fifth article reveals the purpose, the strength and the danger, -of the understanding in that it pledges each government, should the -present regulations in the Pacific be disturbed in anywise, “or the -principle of equal opportunity, as above defined” be threatened, “to -communicate with each other for the purpose of arriving at a mutual -understanding with regard to the measures they may consider it useful -to take.” - -Realizing that no treaty outright could be made without Senatorial -indorsement and that this would mean a departure from all American -tradition and policy, Elihu Root has framed a skillful document which -creates a binding promise to consult Japan in any issue that may arise, -while it escapes the odium that would attach to an actual alliance now. -The real alliance would be precipitated whenever emergency, real or -seeming, made it easily and logically possible to invite the conference -“with regard to the measures they may consider it useful to take.” It -ties this American Republic to an Asiatic despotism in a manner both -unseemly and unnecessary. Nothing is gained that we did not have and -the sacrifice of our best traditions is saddening. - - * * * * * - -It is not so much the complications that are to be feared, even though -Russia also fronts the Pacific; even though England and China have -doubtless concluded an alliance of their own and even though other -world powers have interests in the Orient which they jealously guard. -Australia has long viewed Japan with doubt and aversion and the news -of the step taken by the United States will probably shatter a real -friendship, based upon white blood and mutual ideals, that could have -been cemented between that independent colony and our government. Even -though the agreement had no untoward consequence, it is a melancholy -fact that the American people have surrendered their constitutional -right to govern themselves or control their policies as to other -nations. Mr. Root has formed an alliance binding in fact,—and evading, -by subterfuge, any terms upon which the Senate could base an action. - -In this, Mr. Root has again shown his famous sleight-of-hand -performance, “Now you see it and now you don’t!” The intention to -exploit China, by peaceful means, if possible, but to exploit, is -clear; as is the understanding that Korea and the Philippines are to -be left to their respective masters. Yet, scan the treaty again and it -appears beautifully benevolent. It is indeed a piece of handiwork of -which a corporation henchman may be proud as it more than sustains his -reputation for ability to advise his clients how to make illegal moves -without breaking the law. In the more elegant language of William C. -Whitney, of New York, who was familiar with the promotion of divers -deals: “I have had many lawyers tell me what we could not do, and what -the law forbade. Elihu Root is the first Lawyer I ever had who could -always tell me how to do legally what we wanted to do.” - -[Illustration: The Treaty Making Power Lies With Congress - -Baltimore _Sun_] - -Such is the record of the man who is to succeed Thomas C. Platt, -as Senator from New York, Timothy L. Woodruff having been forced -gracefully to renounce his claims. It will be a relief to get rid -of the disgusting septuagenarian, Platt; but is a profound pity his -successor should not be a man in whom the people have confidence. Root -has always been a wily corporation lawyer; he has just completed an -alliance in contravention of the spirit of the Constitution and is -being elevated to the Senate through Federal patronage. - -He may serve his country well—but the leopard will have to change a -good many of his spots. - - -The Standard Oil Inquiry - -“It was a bad year for the trusts,” wrote Edward Sherwood Meade, -Professor of finance in the University of Pennsylvania, at the close of -1907. In support of his comment, Prof. Meade cited the $29,000,000 fine -levied against the Standard Oil, of Indiana, by Judge K. M. Landis, -and the proceedings instituted to dissolve the Oil and Tobacco trusts. -As is well known, Judge Grosscup, of the United States Circuit Court -of Appeals, reversed Judge Landis on technicalities and the Company -was saved from the imposition of the fine through what was universally -execrated as a gross miscarriage of justice. Attorney-General Bonaparte -at the time expressed himself freely in demanding of Congress the -enactment of “a more comprehensive law permitting appeals by the -Government in criminal cases,” instead of the present statutes which -“give to the wealthy defendants in such cases an unfair advantage.” -So 1907 was not such a bad year for the Standard Oil,—but a most -profitable one, as the favor extended it in the Indiana suit enabled -the stock of the Company to soar to nearly 700 forthwith. - -The proceedings in the latter part of 1908 by the Government to -dissolve the Standard Oil are the most important ever instituted -against this odious monopoly. It is almost incredible that, after 20 -years of immunity, John D. Rockefeller should be forced to “show cause” -why he should no longer be allowed to pursue his taciturn, undisputed -spoliations. Frank B. Kellog, champion “trust-buster” has charge of the -investigations which thus far have presented something the appearance -of opera bouffe. The figures juggled with are so enormous, and the -“forgetfulness” of Rockefeller, Archbold and other testifiers such -conspicuous examples of humorous insolence, that the public mind is -unprepared to hope for a satisfactory outcome to the investigation. -The present administration has but a couple of months more in which to -make its denunciations against the Standard Oil effective, after years -of apparently righteous wrath and no one is greatly to be blamed for -adopting a cynical attitude as to the expected result. - - * * * * * - -It _has_ been a bad year, this closing 1908, for the Tobacco folk. The -victory of the tobacco growers of the Burley district of Kentucky early -in December over the American Tobacco Company proves what a determined -stand may accomplish on the part of the producer, without entering the -Courts at all. It is safe to say that this Christmas will have been one -of the happiest ever spent by the farmers of Kentucky, among whom some -$20,000,000 will be circulating for tobacco grown and held over, some -of it, for nearly two years. It will make for a peace and good-will in -very truth, for the “night-riding” is considered at an end. - - * * * * * - -Capitulation to the tobacco growers of a limited section, however, -is the least of the American Tobacco Company’s troubles just now, -it having been declared, in suit brought by the government for its -dissolution, to be a “combination in restraint of trade” which is -amenable to the provisions of the Sherman Act of July 2, 1890. Appeal -from this decision is being taken to the Supreme Court and upon the -result of this “last resort” will hinge all that is vital in reference -to the ability of the government to control the various kinds of -industrial combinations engaged in inter-state traffic. - -Judge Lacombe, in voicing the majority opinion of his Court, -observes that: “By insensible degrees, under the operation of many -causes, business, manufacturing and trading alike, has more and more -developed a tendency towards larger aggregations of capital and more -extensive combinations of individual enterprise. It is contended -that, under existing conditions, in that way only can production be -increased and cheapened, stability in reasonable prices secured and -industrial progress assured. But every aggregation of individuals -or of corporations, formerly independent, immediately upon its -formation terminates an existing competition; whether or not some -other competition may subsequently arise. The Act, as above construed, -prohibits every contract or combination in restraint of competition. -What benefits have come from this combination, or from others -complained of, it is not material to inquire, nor need subsequent -business methods be considered, nor the effects on production or -prices.” - -[Illustration: Washington _Herald_] - -Judge Noyes, who agreed with Judge Lacombe, says, in addition: “It -is of much importance to many people at the present time whether the -defendants have entered into an unlawful combination. It is OF THE MOST -MOMENTOUS IMPORTANCE TO ALL THE PEOPLE FOR ALL THE TIME WHETHER THE -NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAS POWER TO REACH INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS DEALING -ACROSS STATE LINES.” - -In his dissenting opinion, Judge Ward took the position that the -purposes of the defendants “should not be made to depend upon -occasional illegal or oppressive acts, but must be collected on their -conduct as a whole.” That they strove “to increase their business and -that their great success is a natural growth resulting from industry, -intelligence and economy, doubtless largely helped by the volume of -business and the great capital at command.” - -What view will the Supreme Court take? That “restraint of trade” _is_ -“restraint of trade” or that that it is _not_ “restraint of trade” -if only a few laws are broken, only a few competitors hurt and if -defendants are not suffering for want of money? - - -Haytian Revolution - -Amid a fanfare of banjos, a rattling of “de bones” and the patting -of the Juba, General Simon entered the Presidential Palace at -Port-au-Prince, capitol and chief city of Hayti, early in December, -thus triumphantly concluding a decisive rebellion during which Nord -Alexis, recent dictator, was forced to flee for refuge to a French -vessel. Simon’s election to the Presidency by the National Assembly -will follow, as a matter of mere detail, providing neither General -Firman, General Fouchard nor other “General” of opposing armies which -contain no privates at all, pulls off another revolution before -breakfast. This is a fearsome possibility, though, inasmuch as the -countries to which these heroes may be induced to repair as ministers -are limited; and the aspirants for the dictatorship are unlimited; -besides, there may be a crop of the deposed ministers wending their way -homeward to hatch up more plots—and how may all be pacified? Moreover, -it had been six long, weary years since Hayti had any revolution to -speak of and the appetite of the Black Republic for such diversions is -not easily appeased. Serpent worship may pall and the charm of Voodoo -rites wax monotonous. A chance to burn and pillage now and then helps -amazingly to relieve the dulness of the island. - -Hayti continues an object lesson in the progress that civilization -makes when left to the care of the brother in black. It is a chunk -of “Darkest Africa” left festering on the seas. The conditions there -being so terrible, even in non-revolutionary periods, there are -almost no white residents whose presence, in larger numbers, would -force other governments to a summary clean-up of the nauseous spot. -U. S. cruiser Tacoma has been dispatched to St. Marc and Gonaives to -extend protection to those who may be in distress and to quell further -threatened rioting. - - -The Virginia Decision - -How far practice had departed from the equitable principle that all -remedy in the State Courts must be exhausted before complainants might -appeal their case to the United States Courts, is emphasized by the -impression amounting almost to a sensation, produced by the decision, -on November 30th last by the Supreme Court covering the Virginia -railway rate case, wherein an injunction had first been obtained by the -corporation from a lower Federal Court, preventing the enforcement of -the two-cent rate prescribed by the Railway Commission of the State. -This restraining order was passed May 14, 1907, and the effect thereof -was to prevent the exercise of the Railway Commission’s legitimate -control over the passenger traffic of their State until now. The -rebuke to Federal Judge Pritchard, who granted the injunction, in the -reversal of his findings in favor of the railroad comes from a source -which the American people have desired to esteem as their highest -source of justice, and will have admirable effect. Not only will it do -much to allay the irritation and the distrust which has been growing -for many years against this tribunal, but it will have most salutary -effect upon insolent Federal Judges and ruthless corporations. The -injunction has been their sword and buckler. Ignoring the State Courts, -they have rushed to obtain injunctions against the enforcement of any -measure they happened to dislike. Armed with the premature mandate of -a Federal officer, they have defied public opinion and the sovereign -authority which created and nurtured them. A firm check on the abuse of -the injunction, had become a crying necessity, if the public were to -respect wise injunctions and uphold the law. - -The decision has been hailed with what could honestly be called -“pleased surprise”—so many disappointments had led to the belief that -corporate interests were obliged to triumph. Wide-spread approval -has been accorded the ruling. In a few instances criticism has been -proffered, to the effect that the points over which the case originally -occurred are unsolved and that the question of railroad regulation is -as misty as before. These are matters, however, which do not touch the -principle of State’s redress first, which was universal before the -misconstruction of the 14th Amendment made possible such usurpation of -authority as the one for which Judge Pritchard has been called down. - - * * * * * - -Other interesting court decisions have taken place within a short -period. The New Jersey Court of Appeals, for instance, has considered -a knotty problem relative to its collateral inheritance law. Philo -Miles, a British subject, died in London, leaving a considerable amount -of stock in a New Jersey corporation and the lower courts held that -the tax could be levied upon same. The Appellate Court negatived this -conclusion on the ground that personal property which includes stocks -and bonds must follow the situs of the owner and be taxed “there and -there only.” They held that if every State could levy an inheritance -tax upon the full estate of the deceased, his personal property being -returned in the inventory of the executor or administrator, the estate -of the deceased could be taxed as often as there were States in which -he chanced to have personal property at the time of his death. This -would, of course, be inconceivable. - -It would be helpful to know just how England, which has a National -and effective inheritance tax, will manage with the property held in -New Jersey by the late Mr. Miles. Much of the wealth of her citizens -is represented by stocks in American corporations, mortgages upon -American property and like personal effects. Possibly the heirs are -more scrupulous in returning such property for taxation than are our -own rich men, who think no wrong of sending out of the State all -personalty for long enough to swear tax statements that are true in the -letter, but utterly false in fact. To evade municipal taxation, they -do not hesitate to take their securities outside the corporate limits -for a day or so. The owner of a home or farm may not escape bearing -the burdens of government, but those who derive annual fortunes from -dividends upon “personal property” go scatheless. - -A national inheritance tax, with stringent provisions to enforce it, -would go a long way toward evening things up. - -[Illustration: A SOCIAL CALL _New York World_] - - -“Holland Making Faces.” - -[Illustration: TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT - -The hand of the law will get old John D. himself yet. - -—Minneapolis Journal.] - -Dainty and attractive are the naval maneuvers indulged in by the little -Queen of Holland against the Venezuelan government these days. If not -to the entire satisfaction of The Hague, at least they will win her -high plaudits from the Red Cross Society. For where was ever such -consideration shown as has been displayed by this firm, feminine foe -to the blustering South American President? That he has been perfectly -horrid to her, all will admit. It is true that he has been entirely -within his rights in that trans-shipment decree, for the regulation -of the internal commerce of his own country is a prerogative which -the most modest executive might safely claim; but it is likewise -indisputable that it has seriously crippled the thrifty Dutch merchants -of Curacoa; and, anyhow, Castro need not have been so overbearing -about it, which was no way to handle a situation of that delicacy. He -should have admitted that he was wrong, begged forgiveness and then, -of course, _she_ could have been no less magnanimous than to have told -the sturdy burghers of Williamsted that they must cease to cry over the -milk that somebody else had a right to spill; she would have outdone -his courtesy by her sweetness and all would have been well. But some -men even when Presidents, fail to understand that women are women, even -when queens, and so he was uncouth when the situation simply begged -for _noblesse oblige_. Nevertheless, when Castro fell ill, Wilhelmina -deferred her vengeance until he had gone to consult European surgeons. -No rattling of guns or clanking of sabres if the enemy had a headache; -no furore that might disturb the quiet of his citadel. - -Now her fleet sails nattily over the Caribbean, to the vast interest of -vice President Gomez, left in charge of Venezuela, and of the world at -large. To coarse, husky individuals, this seems a strange proceeding, -perhaps, but those cast in more delicate mold will realize that -Wilhelmina kept the navy tied to her ample apron strings till now, lest -the clatter of wooden sabots over the hard, white decks, might make -Castro nervous. - -Seriously, it seems that Holland is doing little more than making a -demonstration the purpose of which is uncertain. After simmering so -long, the trouble between the two countries could hardly cool off, -with dignity to Holland, without revocation or modification of the -shipping regulations, intervention by other powers or a goodly show -of resentment. If Holland is saving her face by the latter means, who -could be sorry? No one doubts the courage of her people, nor that -they would be met by no mean resistance in attempting to shell the -Venezuelan forts and brave blood should not be spilled in a cause that -seems so entirely within the scope of arbitration. - - -A Word About Sectarianism - -That England in the present Century should be undergoing a hard-fought -battle over the matter of religious control over her public schools -proves the tenacity of sectarian clutch when Church and State join -hands in bonds of government. The new educational bill which has passed -a second reading in the House of Commons is a compromise measure -which embraces a Nonconformist concession to the church of what is -known as “the right of entry” which permits parents or guardians to -request denominational instruction for their children during certain -hours—teachers being expected to volunteer for this service. On its -side, the church relinquishes control of the schools and the abolition -of all religious tests for the teachers. The British public is still -stolidly Episcopalian and that Church yields slowly any of its -prerogatives. The bill, if enacted into law, will therefore not make in -years any appreciable change in the practical status of the schools, -but will enable those objecting to enforced religious teachings to have -their sentiment respected. The use of public funds for denominational -instruction is without doubt one of the most vicious forms of -intellectual slavery to which any people may be forced to submit. - - * * * * * - -Yet this very slavery is openly advocated for America today by Cardinal -Gibbons, of the Roman Catholic Church, who desires the public schools -to be wholly denominational and supported by the government. Small -wonder, then, that Mr. Roosevelt’s characterization as “bigotry” the -refusal of anyone to vote for a Roman Catholic for the presidency has -met with profound disapproval. Nowhere did he strike a “popular note” -and protests have been dignified, but severe. In the selection of -his creed, the citizen has been given unhampered choice, but in the -restriction of those eligible to the high office of Chief Executive, -the people will continue to consider the preservation of their -institutions of paramount importance. To democracy everywhere, and -in all the ages, the Roman Church, as an organization, has been the -consistent foe. Centralization of authority in the hands of puppet -monarchs under its control is its undeviating aim. No man who can -submit himself to the domination of a priesthood, and all that it -means, could be a safe president of a free republic. - -In candidacy for any office, a man must expect the opposition to make -capital even out of his religious affiliations, and it is true a few -silly Protestant preachers tried to do this in the case of Mr. Taft, -a Unitarian, but that the general mass of people gave his faith any -adverse thought is ridiculous. The Protestant vote divides along -political lines just as do those voters of no creed at all. - - -The Postal Deficit and Express Company Surplus - -After a 200 per cent stock dividend declared by one express company -shortly ago and a surplus of some $30,000,000 in another, the -announcement of a 90 per cent increase in certain express rates will be -hailed with much joy. There seems to be a cheerful disposition on the -part of these corporations to treat the public to the Roosevelt-Straus -remedy for all monopolistic evil—publicity. At least, they are candid -and without blush over their unconscionable extortions so, obviously, -the admission that they have oppressed the public by unjust rates, and -intend still greater encroachments, ought to be sufficient to quell the -evil at once. Publicity, forsooth! So long as no actual infraction of -any law is involved, why may not a monopoly increase its schedules to -“all the traffic will bear?” - -The only good publicity in this instance may do is to stimulate a -dilatory and debilitated Congress to pass the Parcel Post enactment -recommended by Roosevelt and urged by Postmaster-General Meyer. Since -the express companies can annually “cut a melon” of enormous dividends; -and since the postal deficit for the fiscal year has reached the sum of -$16,910,000 it becomes probable that the long despised and antagonized -parcels post will loom up as perhaps the most practicable means of -helping the government out of the ditch. - -How very curious it is that all the “wild ideas” of the Pops come, one -by one, to be recognized as instances of wonderful foresight. If the -parcels post is going to be a good thing for the government, and an -invaluable thing for the common people in the future, it is pertinent -to ponder on how much ahead the department might be at the present -date, if the system had been adopted years ago. Instead of a deficit, -there might have been a neat balance, or a possible surplus, for Mr. -Meyer to offer as a result of the operations of the last fiscal year. -Of course, the franking privilege has been grossly misused for the -circulation of partisan literature favorable to the administration -which got the spoils of office; and the railroads clean up their pile -on the job of hauling the mails, but all these things but go to show -that the postal department, instead of being an argument against the -government taking over public utilities, is the strongest kind of an -argument in favor of so doing. If the government owned the railroads, -one avenue of dead loss would be closed; and likewise the elimination -of railroad rings from control of the administration would remove the -incentive to flood the mail with literature in the interests of such -corporations and other monopolies. - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE BELLS - - - THE OLD YEAR BELLS. - - Through the darkness, stealing, stealing, - Comes their cadence, soft and low, - While their music, pealing, pealing, - Falls in sadness on the snow; - Bid thee think of tasks neglected, - Tell thee of the work undone, - Of the hopes that have been shattered, - E’er the year its course had run. - Hear the bells! their voices saying:— - “Of thy hopes keep but the best - With the falling of our voices, - Sinks the Old Year to its rest.” - - THE NEW YEAR BELLS. - - Through the darkness ringing, ringing, - Come their voices bright and glad— - With their music bringing, bringing, - Thoughts that bid us ne’er be sad— - Bid us turn from thoughts of sadness, - For our dead hopes cease to sorrow; - Tell us of the dawn of gladness, - Hopes that brighten on the morrow. - Hear the bells! their voices saying:— - “Now the Old Year’s sunk to rest - With the pealing of our voices - Dawns the New Year,—that is best.” - Zarion E. Weigle. - -[Illustration] - - - - -The Pipe of Zaidee - - -BY FRANK E. ANDERSON - -“Mr. Lomax, seek your evening’s pleasure with me—” - -At this unexpected sentence in English, addressed to him by name in -Constantinople. Page Lomax wheeled sharply from the railing over which -he had been watching the shadows of silver minarets dissolve like -Cleopatra’s pearl in the Golden Horn, now amber as Rhine wine beneath -the dying sun. By his elbow stood a Turk, whose snowy turban capped -bold features from which only one eye glittered. A sabre scar, which -ran across the man’s cheek until it lost itself in his flowing beard, -accounted for the absence of the other. The fellow was of middle -stature, but powerfully made. A loose caftan hanging from his broad -shoulders framed within its folds of vermilion the white linen swathing -his chest and the orange sash—whence the arabesqued head of a stiletto -scolded at its neighbor, a Mussulman rosary of russet beads—and the -green trousers of zouave cut stretching to his saffron half-boots. He -extended a card, on which Page Lomax read: - - THE BRISTOL - Boulevard des Petit Champs, - PERA. - Hosein Aga, Chief Dragoman. - -“My hotel!” Mr. Lomax commented. “I reckon you’re all right.” - -So Mohammedan and Christian strode off together across the Sultana -Bridge, of which the uneven timbers were creaking with each undulation -of its ever-plashing pontoons. Except themselves, no living thing was -on it other than gaunt dogs, which flashed snarling tusks at them as -they groped through the gathering twilight. Near the shore Hosein -whistled. Forthwith his negro bond-servant, Nakir, met them and bore a -torch before them to the Theatre Osmaniyeh, where actresses from Paris -were already in their final pirouettes. An infinite sadness possessed -Page Lomax, as he beheld these daughters of Europe dancing before the -sons of Asia, but his dragoman muttered: - -“I brought you not hither to witness the antics of those painted -harlots. My slave, Zaidee, will follow them.” - -While Hosein was speaking, Nakir set on the stage a wicker basket, -whence a brown and yellow cobra de capello wriggled forth. Hissing with -wrath, it sat up on its tail and spread its hood, embroidered with -the spectacles of Buddha. On its slender girth each false scale was -gleaming, as the creature coiled and, opening its savage mouth, bared -those bent fangs of which a mere scratch bestows that rest where no -dreams lift the tent-flap. Then Zaidee appeared. Timing her pace to the -weird tune throbbing from the reed between her lips, she neared the -viper, which launched itself viciously at her. But an invisible force -halted the snake. Falling in with the rhythm of her flute, it wavered -to and fro—a flame flickering in the wind—until the damsel stilled -her strains, when it lay quiet, so tamed that she wound it as a girdle -round her waist. - -“Her term of hire expires tonight,” quoth Hosein, “And I am about -convoying her to my villa. Would you spend some time in the home of a -Turk? Nakir, saddle Al Borak for Mr. Lomax.” - -Enveloped in a cloak but with no veiling yashmak, Zaidee was on her -palfry when they joined her. As Hosein turned to his own stirrup, the -girl shook her raven tresses at the newcomer and pointed at the gate, -with a gesture, which said: “Leave us!” He might have done so, had he -not intercepted the look which Nakir was bending on the maiden, as, -with a devilish grin, which distorted his sooty visage, he tapped the -whip at his belt. That was enough for Page Lomax. With generous folly, -he bestrode his horse for the adventure. On their arrival at the house, -Zaidee disappeared behind that ebony door, through which no male other -than Hosein might pass even in his thoughts. Again the bold young man -was foolhardy, for he gazed after her as one in a dream, from which, -however, he was roused by Nakir, who was striding toward him with an -executioner’s bow-string in his hand. But here Hosein interposed. - -“Put up your cord,” said he. “Mr. Lomax meant no offense. He is -unfamiliar with our Eastern etiquette, that’s all. The Ethiop,” he -continued, this time speaking to his guest, “shall guide you to your -bed.” - -The young man had fallen into a fitful doze, when he heard the pipe -of Zaidee, followed by the rattle of small pebbles against his -casement. An instant later, Nakir growled out hoarse words, which the -listener could not understand. But the sound of heavy blows, under -which Zaidee’s voice leapt into shrieks, then fell to sobs, needed no -knowledge of a foreign tongue to be understood. Page Lomax rushed to -the window. Jerking it open, he leaned out, but he could discern no one -and the unbroken stillness seemed deathly to his overwrought nerves. - -To his great relief, Hosein’s maid floated in before them at breakfast -the next morning. She came to dance, while they ate, as the raiment -which she wore showed but too plainly to even the inexperienced eye -of the American. From beneath a veil of fleecy gauze, which floated -back freely instead of hiding her face (as is the custom with Moslem -women), her loose locks rolled their midnight over her shoulders. Her -bell-shaped sleeves had wrinkled back from bare uplifted arms, on which -silver chains were throbbing in unison with the rising and falling of -her white bust, caught in the snare of the ample V in her tight scarlet -jacket. Below that, a third of her supple figure’s living satin blushed -in full sight above the dark-green band, which clasped in place her -divided skirt of pearly transparent stuff shimmering down thence to -her naked round ankles. For a brief space the girl drooped her head -and Page Lomax saw red shame feeding on her white cheek, while up from -the dark depths of her mysterious eyes bitter tears were welling. But -now hidden music swelled into a loud insistent fugue. With a faint -sigh, almost a sob, Zaidee drifted forward as slowly and as softly as a -summer cloud thro’ picture after picture of that old, old pantomime of -the Orient, which illustrates the one text, true in every creed, “Male -and female created He them.” With all his heart uncovered in his gaze, -the young man hung on her every motion until, with a brusque finale, -she snapped in twain the thread of wedded harmony and movement with the -whirling gesture of one hand pointed toward the threshold. Her agonized -glance searched his very brain. Her writhing lips syllabled the word, -“Depart!” Then she vanished. - -To Hosein, this posturing to music was nothing new. With a strange and -baffling smile, he had been scrutinizing Page Lomax, instead of Zaidee. -Now he leaned toward him. - -“Were I to judge you by your looks,” quoth he, “I would swear that -my Persian hussy has cast a spell upon you. Well, you shall hear her -story. Seven years ago we had a Holy War. I chanced to be at Khorsabad, -while our Circassian troops were there, uprooting from the garden -of the faith those weeds, the Yezidees. As I was nearing a cabin, -out strode one of our men. He was a strapping fellow, with big black -whiskers, and so tall that he had knocked awry his bearskin shako as -he forgot to stoop in coming forth. One hand held his sword, smoking -with blood. The other gripped Zaidee. Flinging her in front of me, -he roared: ‘Will you buy? She’s yours for thirty liras. But I warn -you—she’s the serpent-tamer’s daughter.’ Before I could answer, she -was clinging to my knees, screaming: ‘Oh! save me, save me from that -dreadful butcher!’ Well—I brought her home; but she’s but an ingrate. -These seven seasons have I labored to convert her to God and His -Prophet Mohammed, but I can not wean her from the faith of Zoroaster. -So this week I shall sell her at public auction, if I am bid a thousand -mejedieh for her. She’s worth that, if she’s worth a piastre.” - -The last word had hardly left Hosein’s lip ere Page Lomax had whipped -forth from his pocket his fountain-pen and traveler’s circular -cheque-book and was writing rapidly. Through eyes narrowed to a -contemptuous slit, the Turk watched his companion in silence, until the -latter had laid the writing on his lap, when he said: “What’s this for?” - -“The girl,” replied Page Lomax. “That’s the price you named. The -Stamboul Branch of the Credit Lyonnaise will pay it to you in gold, -when you present this to it.” - -“Your swift Western way of trafficking is indeed bewildering to a slow -Turk,” rejoined Hosein, in honeyed tones, which barely hid a bitter -sneer. “_We_ would have smoked our narghiles and drank coffee and -chaffered for a week, while as for you—_you_ fire a cheque at one, -hair-trigger fashion. Nakir.” Here he turned to the sullen African, -“Get that cashed. The jade goes with the American hence. But, ere you -leave, Mr. Lomax. I must show you the most beautiful scene on earth, -so they say—Constantinople from a distance. And my own poor fields -have somewhat of charm, too, about them, I believe. Let me guide you -through them. You shall witness things, which—being strange—perchance -may thrill you as familiar sights can not. Nay, Nakir, there is no -haste about the cheque. Tomorrow will do. Get you now to the harem and -prepare Zaidee for her departure. Come, Mr. Lomax, we’ll fare forth.” - -At a pavilion, which was perched on the wrinkled lip of an abyss—a -sheer thousand feet in depth—the Turk paused and, with sweeping -gesture, brought to the notice of Page Lomax’s eye a range of lofty -mountains, which kissed the horizon at their left. - -“There!” he exclaimed. “Are not those sublime? But they are deadly, -too; for in them lurk huge spiders, as big as tigers and twice as -fierce. You smile, as if in doubt. I do not blame you. It _is_ hard to -believe. But they are there. I am no zoologist, so I can not explain -it, but I have been told that spiders came ages ahead of man on this -earth, as their fossils are found in rock of the primary epoch, while -we appear first with the quaternary. If this be so, perhaps these ogres -are survivals of gigantic prehistoric spider forebears. But I don’t -pretend to know anything about it, except that they are there. No -hunter has ever tamed them; but I have caught and caged one. You shall -see it, before you leave. Look now to the right.” - -Afar off, yet perfectly plain in every line, thanks to the limpid -clearness of the air, lying in the arms of emerald meadows with her -head pillowed on undulating hills crowned with cypresses as brunette -as the Queen of Sheba, lay Constantinople, many-colored yet shimmering -iridescently under the sapphire tent of heaven, while the Golden Horn -poured the waters of the East at her pearly feet. So noble was the -sight that Page Lomax’s gaze lingered long upon it ere, following -the sky-line, it rested at last on a frowning stronghold, whence a -road wound down to a wharf at which a skiff was moored. So grim and -threatening was this heap of stone that the young man asked Hosein: - -“What is that old keep?” - -“That,” replied his host, “I have named the Tower of Vengeance. During -the late Muscovite war, my brother, Selim, held it as an outpost. But -the boy’s soldiers were too few, our supporting column too far away. At -dawn one day, the Russians hurled a regiment against it, stormed it, -butchered its garrison, fired it. I was too late to save the boy, but -I headed the cavalry, which cut off retreat for his murderers. As I -charged in, their Colonel quenched this eye for me, but in ten minutes -he and all his followers were dead. Selim is buried there. Thither I -repair each afternoon to lament and feed his grave.” - -“To feed his grave?” echoed Page Lomax, inquiringly. - -“Yes. In each believer’s tomb is bored a hole, through which he can -hearken to the weeping of those who love him, and can receive food from -them. The hour for my observance of that rite is nigh. Can you respect -it? If so, you may accompany me thither.” - -As the two paused before the door of the keep, Page Lomax glanced -through the lattice across the vault to the wall on the other -side. Through this, a postern gate opened, close to which he saw a -prism-shaped mound, ending at head and foot in two marble posts on -which—each opposing the other—the angels, Nekir and Munkir, will -sit, as they debate whether the soul of Selim shall arise to heaven or -descend to hell. Roses decked the hillock. In an orifice at its head, -a yellow apple and a purple fig awaited the dead man’s appetite. But -why was this grave fenced in with stout steel bars, set close together; -and why was it screened overhead with them? Before the Christian had -time to consider this problem till he might solve it, Hosein threw back -the outside bar, which held the door to, and, whirling it round on its -well-oiled hinges, exclaimed: - -“To you, my guest, I yield first place. Enter!” - -But when Page Lomax was crossing the sill, he felt himself gripped in -a grasp of iron. His feet were knocked from under him with a swift and -dexterous trip, and he fell heavily to the floor. Ere he could stagger -up, dazed as he was, clang went the portal. He was a prisoner, with -Hosein glaring at him through the grating. - -“Pray to your Nazarene now and see if he can help you,” chuckled his -jailer. “Not even Mohammed himself could help you now. I vowed to -sacrifice a hecatomb of unbelievers to my brother. Ninety and nine have -already tapped at his tomb. You will make the hundredth victim.” - -The young man was a sinewy six-footer, robust and brave; but the boding -indefiniteness of this threat so overwhelmed him that his fair hair -bristled up and his blue eyes dilated to black, then faded to gray. He -circled the dungeon, frantically seeking an exit, which yet he knew -he would not find. Cursing himself for all sorts of a fool, because -he had not taken his pistol with him, when he left the hotel, he ran -to a corner, where something, which looked like a heaped-up pile of -slender white sticks, was faintly gleaming beneath the dim light coming -from above. But, when he saw that they were not sticks but bones, he -staggered back, almost screaming, and made for the door, which he -reached just in time to be knocked down by a body, which Hosein and -Nakir were pitching in. It was Zaidee. Springing up, she wailed forth: - -“Oh! why did you not heed my warnings? Did I not sign to you to depart -in the courtyard, and again under your window and still once more, as I -was dancing? Now we are lost, both of us. Look up there!” - -Far above, an octagon of lustrous woof and warp was oscillating slowly. -In it, something vast and dark was cradled. - -“My God! It’s Hosein’s spider!” gasped the young man. - -And now across her web the tigress of the air shot her curved and -toothed claws and buff-colored grappling-hooks and dull-red jaws and -six of her eight powerful black legs, covered with down and splotched -with stiff tufts. Up-rearing her round head and thorax and baring thus -the rich and flexible dark-green fur, as soft as velvet, which clothed -her abdomen, she bent at her wasp-like waist and, balancing on the -verge, fastened her eight eyes—great immovable trance-producing lenses -of terrible crystal—with a gloating stare, full on Hosein’s captives, -huddled together there below her. And now she swung out. Swaying just -beneath her hammock, she whetted one of her scythes against the other. -But, as with horror-stricken gaze, fixed on this monstrous thing, he -and she waited for that to come from which there was no escape, a -sudden inspiration possessed the damsel. - -“Steal along the wall,” she cried to Page Lomax, “And leap from behind -her upon her back at the same instant when I spring thither from in -front.” - -“But—” - -“No buts about it, Fool! Do you want to be eaten alive? Go!” - -As he obeyed, the maid plucked from her bodice the pipe of charm and -began breathing from it the melody with which she had quelled the -wrath of the cobra de capello. At its first tremulous notes, the grim -executioner of the ninety and nine hesitated—stopped reeling out her -cord—no longer was opening and closing her grappling-hooks—sheathed -her dull-red jaws. One awful minute she hovered near, wriggling her -eight great curving legs. Then, half asleep under the spell of those -drowsily sweet sounds, she lowered herself to earth and spread herself -out for slumber. Without ceasing to play, Zaidee inched forward. Close -enough now, she sprang upon the immense spider. That same instant, Page -Lomax was by her side. - -“Lie down!” she screamed, suiting her own action to her advice to him. -“Press your toes against the ridge of horn, back of her head! Seize -that other, yonder, stretching across, just this side her spinneret, -and hold on—do you hear?—hold on with all your might? She’s going to -rise and she’ll toss us off, if she can!” - -Even now the great creature was hauling in her cable. Up she darted -violently. Whirling round and round, she threshed the air furiously -with her legs. Finding out that she could not thus throw off her -burden, she reared herself aloft into her web. With frenzied rage, -she gripped the edges of her house and shook it with all her immense -strength, until it shot back and forth with dizzying speed, at times -almost perpendicular to its axis. But, with the desperate power of -despair, her riders clung to her, until, tiring from her fruitless -efforts to dislodge them, the spider became quiet. Gradually the silken -orb slackened from its semi-vertical position to its normal horizontal. -Its whirring lapsed into silence, as it slowly became still. Except -for a horrible quivering, which was going on under the translucent -shell of horn on which the two were lying, the huge spinner was at last -crouching motionless. They sat up cautiously and looked around them. -No roof hemmed them in. But, in order to keep his monster from fleeing -to her native hills, Hosein had inserted one beam running from East to -West, with three others above it contrariwise from North to South. - -“Play again, Zaidee,” said the young man. “It’s my time now to work.” - -As the girl’s lulling music once more soothed the spider, he set about -digging out with his pocketknife that part of the nearest upper rafter, -which had rotted at the wall. Soon he could slide this end out. Tugging -the beam across the main girder, he heaved the extricated timber -athwart the coping of the tower, whence, plunging down, it smote Hosein -to the earth, at the same time striking Nakir, too, and felling him -also. A screech of anguish burst from the Turk. Unable to rise unaided, -he seized the honeysuckle, which was clambering aloft on the masonry, -and dragged himself up, only to drop again with a frightful groan, as -his back was broken. Two of the eunuch’s ribs had been fractured, too, -but, as his master groaned that awful groan, he hastened to him and, -lifting his head, wiped the bloody froth from Hosein’s lips. The Turk’s -eyes, of which nothing except the whites had been showing, now rolled -down and fixed their failing glance on the faithful slave. - -“Bury me by Selim’s side, Nakir,” he whispered, “And—and don’t let the -Giaour and his jade escape.” - -His eyes rolled back again—he shivered—there was a deep sigh—then -the jaw fell. - -“Something’s hurt down there,” cried Page Lomax exultingly. “I only -hope it’s Hosein or his nigger. As wishes cost nothing, I wish it were -both. Here goes for beam number two!” - -In a crevice in the wall, just over the end of the second rafter of the -upper three, the wind had lodged a seed one day and from it a sturdy -little pine had sprung up. Hunting for food, it had thrust down the -hungry fibres of its roots to feed upon the mortar. It had been nodding -good cheer to the young man, as the breezes played leap-frog with it, -and he hated to hurt it, but he had to. Grasping it, he wrenched it -from its lodging-house. Its roots could not bear to bid adieu to being. -They clung so closely to the rough ashlar round which they had twined -that the stone was twisted out with them and crashed to the tiles -below, leaving the second beam free at this end, so that Page Lomax -could send it after the first one. - -The third rafter of the upper three was fat with turpentine. Scratching -a match, the young man held it under the oiliest streak, until a feeble -blaze stole up. Waxing lustier, it parted with sparkling fingers its -blue veil of smoke that it might the better gnaw through the bar on -which it was at work. When the beam had nearly burned in two, Page -Lomax shoved it upward. It broke. In a twinkling, it had gone outside -to join the others. - -“Now, Zaidee,” he cried, as he cast himself face downward on the great -spider’s back, “Throw yourself here beside me. Rest your toes against -that same little ledge back of her head. Grip the other as you did -before. She’ll bounce over that wall, in the next ten seconds. When she -hits the ground and settles down on her hind-legs, jump, jump for your -life, and run for the boat with me.” - -Mad with the exhilaration of approaching liberty, the huge creature -dived out over her prison wall, alighting noiselessly and without a -jar. Giving no heed to Page Lomax and Zaidee, as they fled, she raced -like the wind along her shortest line of approach toward Nakir. He -was too far from Hosein’s home ever to reach it, with her in pursuit. -She was between him and the summer-house. The tower alone remained. -Rushing to it, he threw the bar, tore the door open and, plunging -headlong through it, whirled it to. It had no fastenings on the inner -side. As it swung outward, he must keep it closed in some way or be -devoured. Flinging himself down, he dug his nails between its stout oak -transverse and its upright panels and bore on with all his weight. The -spider tapped once or twice on the door. It still remaining closed, -she squatted down before it. After a few seconds, during which she -seemed to be studying, her terrible eyes dwelt at last on the crack -between the door and the doorstep. In a trice, she reached her claws -through and sank them into the door on the inner side. In spite of -Nakir’s frantic struggling, she fetched it round. With her fierce -grappling-hooks, she pounced upon him. Bellowing with mingled fear -and pain, he struck at her with his dagger, but she fell back on her -haunches, haling him to her. Her grappling-hooks raised him close to -her red jaws. A sudden flash of savage color—and the blades of those -jaws sprang apart—another—as they snapped together—a blood-curdling -scream—a sickening gush of blood—then silence. Hosein’s spider had -sacrificed her hundredth man. - -[Illustration] - - - - -[Illustration: EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT.] - - -Gail, Texas, July 15th, 1908. - -Dear Sir: - -Enclosed find $1.00 for which send to my address both publications -Weekly and Monthly for six months, after which I think I can send you -some subscribers. It was an oversight in not sending it in before now. -In a little discussion some time back some one spoke of there being no -private titles to land in England, and several asked me to write and -ask you in regard to the matter. - -I saw enough in your last Magazine to convince me, but would like to -have you write a piece on the subject. - - Yours respectfully, - THOMAS O. EDWARDS. - -(Answer.) - -The system of Land Ownership in this country was derived from England. -Excepting crown lands, all real estate in Great Britain is held by -private titles. Even entailed estates may be bought and sold but the -procedure is cumbersome and costly. Stating the case broadly, no poor -man can buy land in England, without the aid of the Government. - -In Ireland the huge estates of the nobles are being purchased by the -Government and parcelled out among the people, who buy the land from -the Government, on long time with low interest. - - * * * * * - -Loganville, Ga., Nov. 9, 1908. - -Hon. Thos. E. Watson, - -Thomson, Ga. - -Dear Sir: - -Please answer the following questions in the Jeffersonian or Magazine -or both: Has the Democratic party, at any one time since the Civil War, -been in full control of the National Government? If so please give -proof, not that I wouldn’t believe you in every particular, but I want -to prove it to some “hot headed democrats” who don’t want to believe -you; also please give the time in which they were in control. - -Hoping for an immediate reply, I am, - - Yours for the cause, - W. G. STANLEY. - -Answer:—In 1892, Cleveland was elected President as a Democrat, and -the Democrats had a majority both in the Senate and in the House during -Cleveland’s term of four years, 1892 to 1896. - -The official records prove this, and no truthful Democrat who is posted -will dispute the fact. Suppose you refer the skeptics to Senators A. O. -Bacon and A. S. Clay.—T. E. W. - - * * * * * - -=QUESTION:= Why is it that the whole world presents the same general -picture of unrest, hard times, business depression, and unemployed -labor? - -=Answer=: The Kings of High Finance have chained the whole world with -the gold standard, the effect of which is to contract the currency. A -contraction of the currency is invariably followed by the same results, -to wit—the ruin of the debtor class, the curtailment of business, the -suspension of work, and the creation of an army of the unemployed. - -For three thousand years prior to the discovery of gold in California -(1856) both gold and silver had been in use, over the world, as money -metals. Now, however, gold alone is the standard of value, and the -money of final payment. - - * * * * * - -=QUESTION:= Why were gold and silver selected as the money metals? - -=Answer: BECAUSE THEY ARE SCARCE=. By confining money to these two -precious metals, it was believed by the financiers that the volume of -real money would never get so large that they could not control it. -=The limitation of money to these two scarce metals was a practical -limitation to the supply.= - -So matters stood throughout the world until the discovery of such vast -quantities of gold in California frightened the financiers. They feared -that so much gold would be added to the currency of the world that -prices would go down, bonds would decrease in value, and that they, the -financiers, would be unable to control the supply of real money. - -Consequently, they hired able writers, like Chevalier and MacLarren, TO -WRITE AGAINST GOLD, in the same way that =THE MONEY KINGS HIRED DAVID A. -WELLS AND EDWARD ATKINSON TO WRITE AGAINST SILVER=, more than a century -later. - -Germany and Austria excluded gold from their mints (1857) and Belgium -and Holland adopted the single silver standard. - - * * * * * - -=QUESTION:= What checked the demonetization of gold? - -The discovery of the rich silver mines in Nevada, Colorado and other -Western States. The financiers saw that there would soon be more silver -than gold, and they went to work to have the scarcer metal made the -standard of value, and the money of final payment. - - * * * * * - -=QUESTION:= What nation led the others in the demonetization of silver? - -=Answer=: Great Britain. She is the nation to whom the people of all -other countries owe most. In other words, the whole world is in debt to -Great Britain. - -To make this debt harder to pay, Great Britain led the other nations in -the world-wide war against Bi-metallism, which means the use of both -gold and silver on equal terms. - - * * * * * - -=QUESTION:= What is meant by “making the debt harder to pay?” - -A debt, contracted when the volume of currency is expanded by the use -of both gold and silver as monetary metals on equal terms, becomes -harder to pay when the currency is contracted to the use of but one -of these metals. A bond, for instance, issued by the Government when -the currency is expanded by the use of gold, silver and Greenbacks, is -enormously more valuable after the Government has destroyed a thousand -million dollars of the Greenbacks and has demonetized silver. Having -to be paid =THEN= in gold, the bondholder gets money very much more -valuable than the money he invested in the bond. - -Now Great Britain wanted the nations of the earth to pay the debts they -owed her in money that was more valuable than the money she loaned. -Hence, her war upon Bi-metallism. - - * * * * * - -=QUESTION:= But why did other nations help Great Britain demonetize -silver and establish the single gold standard? - -=Answer=: Because these other nations were controlled by their High -Finance rascals, who wanted to enhance the value of the claims which -they held against their own Governments and peoples. - -In each of these other nations, were bondholders and money changers who -wanted to make money scarce, so that they could control it, and so that -the money paid them to satisfy their claims against the Government and -the people would be more valuable than that which they had loaned. - - * * * * * - -=QUESTION:= Is there any reason why the amount of metal in a dollar -should be worth a dollar? - -None. Money is a man-made product, like a cartwheel. Nature does not -produce dollars nor cartwheels. Nature supplies the raw materials, but -man is the manufacturer who turns these raw materials into dollars and -cartwheels. - -Dollars are made for the purpose of effecting the exchange of one -product for another. It is a tool of exchange. - -It enables Commerce to get along without the bartering of one commodity -for another. In old times, a man who did not have a horse but wanted -one, would get one in exchange for cows, of which he had more than he -needed. There was inconvenience about this, because the man who had a -horse that he was willing to swap for cows might not be easy to find. -To get away from the cumbersome, unsatisfactory system of Barter, -men agreed on something that should represent value in exchange. The -substance agreed on, no matter what it was, became money. - -Therefore, money was made by man for the special purpose of carrying on -Commerce, just as wheels are made to carry on carts, wagons, carriages -and railroad cars. - -There is no more sense in claiming that the dollar—which is the wheel -of Commerce—should be made out of a material of any particular value -than there would be in claiming that a car wheel shall bear a certain -proportion of value to the freight which is transported in the car. - -The dollar is a tool, in the same sense that a hoe is a tool. With -one hoe, you may cultivate cotton worth fifty dollars; but that is no -reason why the hoe should cost you fifty dollars. - -[Illustration: TWO HANDS - -One Controls the Wealth; The Other Produces It] - - - - -Money Is King - - -BY WALTER EDEN - -The mighty King is an exacting Tyrant. All things are dominated by -money. It shapes the destinies of Nations. It rules trade and gives -life or death to all enterprise, as it sees fit. In the hands of -unscrupulous men it is the greatest known power for evil. Properly -curbed and free from the manipulation of designing hands it may be made -the greatest known power for good. - -The American people seek by law to control the trusts. They legislate -to regulate Inter-state commerce and to punish rebating and unlawful -restraint of trade. They give us tariff laws and levy Internal revenue -taxes, to raise money with which to pay the expenses of government. Our -country is quadrennially thrown into a spasm of political excitement to -settle these and other great political questions. - -Standards of value are discussed, and any standard thus far proclaimed -is shown to be unstable, fluctuating, wrongful and hurtful. Much has -been made and lost in the past by reason of the fluctuation in the -value of the standard of money, be it a single gold standard or a -double standard. Government ownership is advocated by some as a panacea -for all of our political ills. Currency, it is said, should be more -elastic. - -Notwithstanding all the discussion and legislation of and concerning -all these, and kindred questions, for more than a century, our body -politic seems still to be sick, and like leprosy and the great white -plague, no known remedy has been discovered for or applied to the -patient. - -The wealth of the nation has been, and is now being, concentrated in -the hands of a few. Individuals have been, and are now, accumulating -such vast fortunes that our President has advocated a course that -amounts to confiscation, as the only remedy for the evil. - -The money market can be so manipulated by a few men, that they are -able, at pleasure, to make or unmake panics; to stagnate business; to -appreciate or depreciate the value of stocks and bonds, and to cause -untold suffering to the people. Innocent investors are carried from -their feet by the maelstrom of speculation in money. - -No great enterprise, be it for the public good or not, can be -accomplished without first obtaining the consent of a few men who -control the money market. A few millions of actual investment in -Railroad stock, it has been demonstrated, can be manipulated so as to -control stacks of railroads amounting to over a billion dollars; when -the maturing crop of the farmer is ready for the market, the volume of -currency in circulation is not great enough to move the crop to market, -and the men in power reap large profits out of the money furnished for -this purpose. A panic follows and the farmer is made to suffer and -either hold his grain or sell it on a declining market. - -The control of this greatest of all powers on earth should be taken -from the hands of the few and deposited where it belongs, viz., into -the hands of the Government. When this shall have been done all the -ills which flow from this source will be healed. - -It has been well said by the immortal Lincoln that this is a government -of the people, by the people and for the people; and yet, we find that -the place where there is the most need of governing the people for the -greatest benefit of the whole people has been neglected. - -Money is the controlling factor of all human agencies. Regulate it, and -a proper regulation of most great evils will naturally follow. - -Money is controlled by the banker, not because he owns all the money -which he controls; but because the masses of the people deposit their -money with him and thus he gains power over not only the little capital -which he invests in the stock of the bank, but over the very large -volume of deposits which his many customers leave with him. - -The great power of the banker is a power placed in his hands by the -people. The money which really gives him power is not his own, but -belongs to the depositor. - -If this great power were given by the people to our Government, it -would be more impartially exerted, because the Government is the -people. The people would thus be protected from loss of deposits -by failing banks, absconding bankers and rascally bank officials. -Combinations of the people’s money in the hands of a few men, to -benefit the few men at the expense of the people would cease. - -When a condition exists that is a menace to the people, a condition -that is being taken advantage of by certain individuals to the -detriment of the great mass of people, it is the right and the duty of -the Government to enact such laws as will eradicate the nuisance if it -can be done. - -A banking scheme can be devised that will accomplish this beneficent -purpose. Under it an elastic currency can be established, a -non-fluctuating standard can be provided for, the tax gatherer can -be made to disappear, panics cease, depositors will be protected and -unlawful combinations in restraint of trade be a thing of the past. - -Put the Government into the banking business and the thing will be -accomplished. - -It may be charged that the scheme is too radical. It may seem so, but -nothing is too radical that is right. It will be a very great change -from the present system, and will be opposed by all the force and power -of organized wealth. - -It may be charged that it is not authorized by the constitution. If it -is right, change the constitution. It won’t be the first time it has -been changed. At one time the negro was a slave with no more rights -under our constitution than an animal. Today, by reason of a change in -our constitution, he has all the rights of citizenship and stands on an -equality before the law with his white brother. - -Let the General Government, the State, the County and the municipality -get together and go into the banking business. Does it not look too -vast to be comprehended? Think about it a while, Mr. American Citizen. -Don’t brush aside the idea without consideration, but if you are not -interested in opposing the plan, and will give the matter a little -thought, you will see the advantages of the proposed system. - -Thomas W. Lawson was at one time opposing the present system; he laid -bare many of the fraudulent and unlawful outrages perpetrated by it, -which the system of Government bankers, if established, will be able -to prevent. Take the present system, which he has so ably shown to be -noxious, and transfer it from the hands of the individuals into the -hands of the Government, and this great power, now exercised by the -few, will be placed in the hands of the people, where it justly belongs. - -Give the General Government at Washington, under the supervision of -the Treasury department of the United States, banking powers. Let -it organize a central bank, with power to supervise and control all -the lesser banks proposed to be organized by States, Counties, and -municipalities. Provide by law for the opening of a bank in each state, -under the control of the State, but to be tributary to the Central bank -at Washington, each to be known as a United States Bank of Illinois, or -the state in which the same is located. - -Provide also for tributary banks in each County, to be known as a -United States Bank of the County in which the same is situated, with -general banking power; it being optional, however, with each state -to pass laws to avail itself of the banking privilege or not, as its -legislative body may see fit; this option also to extend to each County. - -Make a provision that the Central bank at Washington shall receive -deposits from County Banks and issue Government bonds for the amount -of the deposit; the County Bank then to be empowered to issue notes, -similar to the present National Bank Notes, to be used as a circulating -currency among the people, to the extent of its Government bonds, -depositing the bonds with the Central bank as a security. - -Give the County Bank general banking power, to receive deposits, draw -exchange and loan money on real estate, chattel and personal security, -under proper regulations. - -In Counties where the privilege of engaging in the banking business -shall have been availed of, branch banks of the County Bank may be -organized in such localities of the County as the County Bank may -determine is necessary or expedient, with the same banking powers as -the County Bank. - -Give to the County Banks and their branches, in addition to the -general banking powers, power to execute Trusts, act as Executor, -Administrator, Guardian and Conservator. - -Give to the County Bank, in addition to its regular issue of bank -notes, power to issue, at any time the exigencies of the times may -require, other bank notes, to an amount not exceeding a certain per -cent of the assessed valuation of all real and personal property of -the County, for the year such assessment was last made for taxation, -upon payment to the General Government of such per centum on said -circulating notes as will insure their prompt recall whenever the -emergency which called for their issue shall have passed. - -Let the funds deposited with the Central Bank at Washington, by the -various Counties, and for which Government Bonds shall issue, be -loaned out by such Central Bank, at a reasonable rate of interest, -sufficiently high to produce a profit, to enterprises of an inter-state -character, such as railroads and other large borrowers; and let the -same be invested in stocks and bonds of known stability in large -amounts; thus furnishing a fund to be used in large enterprises, -and relieving the promoters of such undertakings from being under -the control of a few individual money lenders, and at the same time -furnishing a source of profitable investment of the people’s money. - -The various state banks may be simply branches or departments of the -Central Bank at Washington. - -Such State Banks may receive deposits from the various County Banks of -any state as a medium of exchange, and the same may be loaned under -the direction of the Central Bank, the same as the proceeds of sale of -Government Bonds, but they shall be required to keep constantly on hand -a certain per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, to pay exchange. - -The profit of the Central Bank shall be paid into the Treasury of the -United States to defray the expenses of the Government so far as the -same will apply. - -The profit of the State Banks, if there be any, shall be paid into -the Treasury of the States respectively; and used to pay the current -expenses of the State, as far as the same will apply. - -The profit of the various County Banks shall, after paying a certain -per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, into the Treasury of the State in -which such County is situate, be paid to the Treasurer of such County, -to defray the expenses of the said County. And any sum so paid by any -County into the State Treasury, to be deducted from the taxes levied in -said County for State purposes. - -State Banks shall be only branches of the Central Bank and shall be a -part of the same. - -County Banks shall be subject to examination and supervision by the -Government of the United States. - -These observations may be crude, but certainly they are worthy of -consideration. Is the general idea not worthy of attention? - -Perhaps much that has been suggested should be eliminated entirely; -much probably should be changed; much more perhaps should be added. - -Time and trial of the system would bring to mind many good ideas. -Consider it and see if a little thought given to the matter won’t make -it look feasible and open up a much wider field for thought than merely -the idea of a people’s bank. - -What are the possibilities of some such system? Not only what are the -possibilities, but if you please, what are the probabilities as to the -results that would follow such a system? - -It will settle the Trust Question because, it will take the control -of money from the men who are interested in the Trusts, and thus -enable competition to the Trusts to borrow money with which to go into -business in opposition to them. - -It would hardly be possible, under present conditions, for a person -or syndicate to sell bonds to supply the money with which to go into -business in competition with the Standard Oil Company. The men who are -in control of the money market would not dare to incur the ill will -of such a powerful influence as that which is behind the Standard, by -buying bonds of a rival concern. The men who are interested in such -gigantic Trusts are the ones who control the money of the Country. So -it is with competing lines of railroads. The men who now are in control -of the through lines of railroad have too much influence over the money -market to permit competing lines to be built. - -Give to the Government banking power, with local County Banks, and the -currency question will settle itself. The much talked of standard of -value will become fixed. The currency will be made as elastic as the -exigencies of the times shall demand. - -We will have not only gold and silver for a basis but as well all of -the broad acres of fertile land, the mines, the grain, the horses, -cattle, hogs and sheep, in fact everything that goes upon the -assessor’s book will stand behind the dollar. For the County and the -Government will guarantee it. - -It will be elastic because each particular locality will have the -power to issue emergency currency to meet the immediate needs of the -community. The County with all its property will stand behind it, -and surely all of the land and property in the County will furnish a -sufficient security to make good a sufficient volume of currency to get -the product of farm, or mine or manufactory to the market. - -It will furnish a security to the depositor and thus keep the money -which should be in circulation from being hoarded; for the man who -has a little money will have no fear of depositing it. A banking law -recently enacted in Oklahoma has been much praised because the state -guarantees the deposits. How much better would be a law which provides -that in return for the guarantee of the deposits the State shall take -down the profits of the business. Is it right that the State should -take all the risk of losses and not share in the profits? - -It will settle the much disputed Tariff Question, because the profits -arising from the banking business will probably pay all the running -expenses of the Government, and leave a balance besides. - -If this should prove to be true the Custom house can be abolished and -there will be no necessity of levying tribute on imports. - -It will settle the question of Internal Revenue taxes, for the -Government will need no longer to shock the tender sensibility of the -Prohibitionist by levying tribute on the vile Demon to support itself. - -It may, eventually, lead to the Government ownership in such a gradual -manner that it will not unsettle the business interests of the Country, -for as the revenues produced from the profits of the banking business -increase in excess of the expenses of Government, the same can be -invested in bonds and stocks of the Public Utilities from time to time, -until after a number of years they would naturally be absorbed by the -Government. - -The local tax collector can be discharged and our direct tax on lands -and chattels will cease, as the profit to each County will more than -pay the expenses of the County, including State taxes. - -Examine the published and sworn statement of all the local banks in -your County, and figure a reasonable rate of interest on the deposits -alone, not including capital stock and other sources of revenue, and -you will find a profit per annum of more than sufficient to defray the -expenses of your County, including maintenance of schools and roads and -bridges. - -This scheme may seem visionary at first, and not feasible, but think it -over. Don’t dismiss the idea without a thought. Surely it is worth some -consideration. Perhaps you may get some good idea from it. - -Bankers will dismiss the idea, of course, as not being worthy of -consideration. Money lenders will oppose it. Large capitalists will -treat it lightly. To the man, however, who is interested in Government -of the people, by the people, for the people, free from any personal -advantage, it will surely merit your consideration. - -Governments are formed to regulate society and to protect the weak -against the strong. That was the prime object of Government. That which -vitally affects the public is proper subject of legislation. If a wrong -is being perpetrated it should be righted by law. The people have -the right to expect this to be done. They have it in their power to -regulate this greatest of all necessities, money. - -One hears a great deal said about the necessaries of life. We talk of -raiment to clothe us, houses to shelter us, food to satisfy our hunger -and fuel to keep us warm, as the necessaries of life, but none of these -things can be counted as any more necessary than money, for before we -can procure these things we must first have money. It is the first -necessity of life. Is it not proper that it should be put under the -control of our Government and its control taken out of the hands of the -few? - -Let all the people control, by means of a proper Government, this first -great necessity. - -People’s banks will protect the depositor and make his deposit secure. - -People’s banks will relieve the borrower from the money shark and -usurer, as a fixed legal rate of interest only will be charged. - -Let us have people’s banks, and the power of money, which is now given -by the millions of depositors in this Country to a few men, will be -taken out of the hands of the few and returned to the people through -their Government. Wall Street will be transferred to Washington. - -Let us have people’s banks and the investor will not be crushed to the -wall by a panic, as they will be a thing of the past. Investments will -be more stable and more secure. - -The standard of value will be fixed for all time, tariff laws will need -no amending and changing from time to time, and cause restlessness and -uneasiness in the public mind, and every man will have an even chance -with every other man in his race for a livelihood. - - - - -_A DWELLER WITH THE PAST._ - - - From cabin crude on lonely height— - Eyes piercing keen the solitude— - She gazes at the scarce-worn pass, - Where shadows ceaseless bend and brood. - - A soft caress, a word or two,— - The pleasuring thing danced on its way; - But to her, guileless child, it seemed - That blossoms bright fell from the day. - - She sighs, the sputtering wick burns low, - The night wind bends the long hill grass, - And the soul of that fleeting bygone day - Glides noiseless o’er the rock-ribbed pass. - Ricardo Minor. - - - - -Clippings from Exchanges - - -OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN. - -An old Yankee fisherman up in Maine said to his son who was starting -out to seek his fortune, “Sonnie, mind what I tell ye, in this here -world you’ve either got to cut bait or fish.” Oscar Hammerstein, -humorist, father of six children, plunger, man of business, cigar -machine inventor, real estate speculator, vaudeville manager, composer, -theater builder and impresario, is one of the men who fishes. - -[Illustration: OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN] - -He fishes where he pleases, when he pleases, and how he pleases. “He -wants what he wants when he wants it,” and what’s more he gets it. When -he wants to do a thing he asks Oscar Hammerstein’s advice. If Oscar -Hammerstein says go ahead he goes ahead. - -This man has the faculty of disembodying himself. He looks upon himself -objectively. He has implicit confidence in Oscar Hammerstein—in his -judgment, in his courage, in his indomitable perseverance, in his star. -The psychologists talk about the subliminal self. It is some such self -which is Oscar Hammerstein’s guide, philosopher, friend, and mentor. - -I asked Mr. Hammerstein if he had a Board of Directors. He replied, -“Certainly; see that long table there with all those chairs round it? -Those chairs are my directors. I sit at the head of that table and vote -myself a salary of $150,000 and my Directors pass it unanimously. I -suggest; they approve.” - -One day about forty-three years ago a rich father Hammerstein in -Berlin cruelly beat a young Hammerstein with a skate strap. That young -Hammerstein was Oscar, and he decided he had had enough of that sort of -thing. Taking his father’s violin he escaped from the music room where -he was imprisoned. Selling the violin for thirty dollars he bought a -steerage passage on a sailing ship bound for America. He says of this -incident: - -“I landed on these shores covered with vermin and without a cent. After -a time I came to a sign which read, ‘Cigar Makers Wanted. Paid While -You Learn.’ So I went in and applied for a job—not because I had -any passion for making cigars, but because I didn’t want to starve.” -Within a short time this two-dollar-a-week cigar maker’s apprentice had -invented a machine for binding cigar fillers which he sold for $6,000. - -His many inventions have revolutionized the entire cigar making -industry. He has now a music room and a machine shop. After three in -the afternoon he divides his time between composing and inventing. Mr. -Hammerstein is a man who makes and loses fortunes. The last time he -went under was about ten years ago, when his great three part Olympia -Theater failed utterly. He said, “That cleaned me out—lost one million -and a half. I realized that after the things were sold at auction I -wouldn’t have a dollar. Even to pay the rent for my modest apartment -was a problem.” - -“What did you do?” - -“Do! I lit a cigar and took a long walk.” - -“How did you feel—discouraged?” - -“Felt fine! Discouraged, not a bit! I’ve never in my life felt -discouraged or despondent. I’m something of a victim of melancholy, but -that has nothing whatever to do with external events. It comes over -me when my affairs are prospering most. But I’ve never been afraid of -anybody or anything. - -“What I did is too long a story. But mark this! If you have an honest -conviction as to the right thing to do you can do it! If you have -absolute faith in yourself, other people are bound to have faith in -you. No question about it.” - -Later one of Mr. Hammerstein’s assistants told me one thing he did -in this emergency. He sold his grand piano and with the proceeds as -his capital started the great Victoria vaudeville theater on Long -Acre Square. Its out of the way site alone irrevocably condemned it -to failure in the opinion of all the theatrical experts except its -builder. One of his sons is now running it with immense success. - -“I have only one partner,” continued Mr. Hammerstein—“my knowledge of -human nature. I have the greatest conductor in the world—Campanini. -I went to Europe and saw him conduct and decided I must have him. I -met him and made him believe in me and he came. He had never heard of -Oscar Hammerstein. I didn’t show him my bank book. It wouldn’t have -impressed him if I had. It was the same way with Madame Melba and with -all the others. They liked me, they believed in me, and they came with -me. They won’t sing for a man they don’t believe in, no matter how many -thousands he may offer them. - -“When I started this opera house over here my friends were on the -point of engaging a cell for me at Matteawan. Now my opera is a great -success. With the exception of Caruso the Metropolitan singers can’t -compare with mine. Of course, there’s not much money in this business. -If money was what I wanted I should sell suspenders or shoe strings. - -“No, I never asked or took anybody’s advice about anything in my life. -Why should I? I know my own affairs better than anybody else can. I -have no secretary. I have no bookkeeper. Of course I have a treasurer -to handle the funds. I haven’t even a stenographer.” - -“Why should I sit here and waste my time dictating letters about -matters that don’t concern me to people that don’t interest me. When a -letter really requires an answer I write a few lines in pencil on the -letter itself and send it back to the writer. Here’s my letter file,” -pointing to a capacious waste-basket, “and a very good one it makes. -I never could understand why people should feel obliged to answer -letters. All sorts of people write me about their affairs—not mine! -Why should I spend my time writing people about their own affairs? Of -course, helping people who deserve it is quite another matter. - -“One quality that has always helped me immensely is my -faculty—absolutely—to wipe the past from my mind. I look only to the -future. I work only for the future. I drag no dead weights after me. -But, no man knows why he does things. He can’t help expressing what -is in him. The genius or talent or aptitude or whatever you call it, -that is born in him is bound to come out no matter what his outward -circumstances. The people who never discover their bent have none -to discover. If you are a reporter and you don’t like the way your -fountain pen works you make it work better. You invent another pen; and -then, before you know it, you find yourself a pen manufacturer.” - -With twinkling eyes and one of his contagious, boyish laughs Mr. -Hammerstein got up from his desk and said, “Now I must excuse -myself to attend one of those Directors’ meetings I was telling you -about.”—Lyman Beecher Stowe. - - - - -A MAGIC MOMENT. - - -(By Lilian Whiting.) - - I love you, love you! only this - I have to say; - All other visions, hopes and dreams - Must go their way. - - Your lightest word outweighs for me - The universe beside; - My thought responds to all your own - As ocean’s tide - - Unfailingly leaps up to meet - The moon’s sure call; - Or as the stars in evening skies - Must shine for all. - - Life is no longer drift and dream, - But vivified; - And all its radiance, all its faiths, - Are multiplied. - - Music and magic lay their spell - Upon the days - That dawn in rose and wane in gold - And purple haze. - - O wondrous spirit-call that came - From out the air - To make all life forevermore - Divinely fair. - —Harper’s Bazaar. - - - - -KEEP POPULIST CHICKS AT HOME. - - -The editor of the Lawton Weekly Democrat, in commenting on the election -said, “Some time ago we borrowed a Rooster from the News-Republican, -to use in celebrating the Democratic victory we just knew was going -to take place November 3rd. However, about 9 o’clock Tuesday night -our Rooster began to feel unwell and we called in medical assistance, -sat up with him all night; but shortly before noon on Wednesday he -turned over on his back and uttered a feeble good bye. Like many other -democrats we realize now the mistake we made in borrowing too much -from the Republican party. We are now searching for an egg from which -to hatch one of those stout healthy roosters of the pure Jeffersonian -Breed.” - -Such an egg cannot be found in any hen house save the Populist and -such a chicken if turned loose in the Democratic flock, like Bryan who -was hatched in the Populist hen house, will soon be killed.—Peoples’ -Voice, Norman, Okla. - - * * * * * - - -HARRIMAN BLOCKED. - -For once E. H. Harriman has found himself blocked. The laws of Texas -protect investors by prohibiting mergers with large systems, and Texas -laws further require that all railroads within her borders shall be -owned and operated by local corporations. Every State in the Union -could have protected its citizens by such laws and prevented gigantic -mergers of Harriman, Hill et al. - -The anti-corporation wave that is sweeping over the Lone Star State -will not quickly subside and if Harriman thinks that he can re-arrange -the laws of Texas to suit his convenience he fails to realize that he -must reckon with a people who are not owned by monopoly. - -The Espee does not select the Governor of Texas at a dinner in New York -a year in advance of the election, neither does it control the Railroad -Commission, the Legislature or the Courts of that State. It is one -of the chief beneficiaries of the system of centralism that has been -fastened upon some of the States, notably California and Nevada. - -It is gratifying to know that there is one State strong enough to check -the octopus and prevent a combine of the railroad lines within its -borders to the injury of the many and the benefit of the few.—The San -Bernardina (Cal.) Free Press. - - * * * * * - - -THE HUNTING SEASON. - -Today ushers in the season of the sportsman’s delight. From now on -for the next few weeks the popping of guns will be heard throughout -the land, and the wild life of field and wood will spend its days in -bewildered trepidation. - -Thus man returns to the primal instinct that drove him forth to forage -for his daily provender in the era before agriculture and stock yards -began to supply his needs in a scientific manner. - -It must seem strange to the birds and beasts, this sudden explosion of -humanity. Could they reason, what would be their judgment of beings who -find pleasure in inflicting pain and death on inoffensive creatures? -In their own struggle for existence they have their tragedies, but -these are based upon the necessities of nature. Man’s invasion of their -haunts with snare and gun is too often wanton. - -As civilization progresses the hunting passion will disappear. Already -we are learning to value the birds for their usefulness as destroyers -of harmful insects, and coming to appreciate the beauty and wonder of -the life that belongs to the little wild animals in our woods. The -camera is superseding the shotgun; intelligent study and understanding -are taking the place of senseless destruction. The invention of gun -powder was an epoch-making event, but the world will be happier when we -have outgrown its use.—Louisville Herald. - - * * * * * - - -WALL STREET PICKS THE GOAT. - -Charles W. Morse, found guilty of misapplying the funds of the National -Bank of North America and of falsifying the books of the bank, has been -sentenced to serve fifteen years in the federal prison at Atlanta. As -has been said, this is one way of guaranteeing bank deposits. - -But what about those other bankers in New York who have been guilty of -precisely the same kind of offenses for which Morse is to be punished? -Why is it that the other high financiers whose criminal banking methods -were largely responsible for the recent panic that left a trail of ruin -throughout the country are permitted to go unpunished? - -Is it because the big Wall Street interests wanted to make Morse the -goat, just as they have made a special crusade against Heinze? - -Can it be that criminal bankers are not to be punished unless they have -the ill luck to be particularly offensive to the New York banking and -stock gambling trust?—Buffalo (N. Y.) Republic. - - - - -ONWARD! - - -By Park Benjamin. - - Press on! there’s no such word as fail; - Press nobly on! the goal is near— - Ascend the mountain! breast the gale! - Look upward, onward—never fear! - Why shouldst thou faint? Heaven rules above. - Though storm and vapor intervene - The sun shines on, whose name is love, - Serenely o’er life’s shadowed scene. - - Press on! If Fortune plays thee false - Today, tomorrow she’ll be true; - Whom now she sinks she now exalts, - Taking old gifts and granting new. - The wisdom of the present hour - Makes up for follies past and gone; - To weakness strength succeeds, and power - From frailty springs—press on! press on! - —The Carpenter. - - - - -A PIPE DREAM. - - -The Atlanta Georgian in its Tuesday edition contains an editorial -headed “A Misleading Epigram,” anent Tom Watson’s splendid speech to -the Farmers’ Union convention in New Orleans. - -During the course of Mr. Watson’s speech he had occasion to coin the -following epigram: “If the farmers are the backbone of the country, we -have a complicated case of spinal trouble.” - -The Georgian goes on to say that the farmer of today is in better shape -than ever before. If this statement had been made two, or even one, -year ago, it could have been overlooked. - -To say that the farmer is in good shape now, or words to that effect, -is a great deal more misleading than the above epigram. The writer -lives in one of the very best and most progressive farming sections -of the state. He comes in daily contact with the farmer. Taking the -conditions that exist here as an example, we find the farmers as -a whole in worse shape than they have been in several years. As a -consequence of this those who depend on the farmer, as most everybody -does in the small towns, are in worse shape than the farmer. The -Georgian gives as a reason for the good condition in which the farmer -finds himself, that they are diversifying their crops. Our observation -that his failure to diversify is the main cause of his helpless -condition now. Too much cotton has broken, in a sense, the backbone -of the country, and, as Mr. Watson remarks, it is afflicted with a -complicated case of spinal trouble. - -The Georgian merely has a pipe dream of what should be, and what would -be if the farmer would diversify, and arrives at the conclusion that it -already exists.—Royston Record. - - - - -THE CURSE OF THE NATION. - - -The banker organizes a national bank having $100,000 capital, with -which he buys $100,000 of United States bonds, “on which he draws -interest in advance and pays no tax.” The government engraves, prints, -and sends him notes to be used as money, to the face value of the -bonds. Nominally these notes cost him $5.00 a thousand. He lends them -out at from six to ten per cent on the thousand, or from sixty to one -hundred dollars on the thousand. Then by a system of bank credits, -which would be incredible if it were not so capable of proof, he -multiplies his loans until he draws interest on NINE times more money -than he ever put into his business. - -To cap the climax, he gets the Government to surrender its revenue -to his keeping, lends out these millions also, ... DRAWING ANOTHER -INTEREST FROM THE TAX PAYERS WHOSE OWN MONEY HE IS LENDING BACK TO THEM. - -What a mockery of equal and exact justice! What do you think of your -old party representatives’ business ability, who issue United States -bonds at 2, 3, or 4 per cent and turn around and loan it to the -bankers at one-half of one per cent? With their twenty-five per cent -reserves loaned to other banks and loaned to the gamblers of Wall -street, as well as to the ones operating a gambling hell of the like -kind in every large city, sending call money to eighty and more per -cent. “And at last the chickens come home to roost, ... when the bogus -dollars come to the doors of the bank clamoring for recognition and -redemption, these silk hat thieves get together, refuse to honor their -own notes, refuse to pay depositors, decline to cash checks; issue a -nasty Clearing House Certificate, compel the business world to accept -it as money, and thus MAKE ANOTHER PROFIT OUT OF THE WRITTEN EVIDENCE -OF THEIR OWN DISHONESTY.” The United States bonds are a first liability -of the Government. The National Bank notes are a second liability, and -these pawnbrokers of a nation’s energy and productiveness propose a -third liability based on your deposits and their capital, called for -euphony, asset currency (asses’ money). This is the way they want to -get the elastic currency (rubber money) whereby the exceeding hard -work of the banker is to sign his name to thousand dollar bills and -get in exchange your hard labor, inventive ability, and its products. -They tell you to “work hard, save your money, and put it in the bank.” -Why should your government tax you for their benefit, when you can do -it directly without them? “Is it ‘equal and exact justice’ to allow -six thousand national bankers to turn your credit into a mint for -themselves, at your expense? Is there any defense of a system which -turns Government credit and cash over to a favored few?” “They say -their issue of money is good,” but your Government issuing money to you -direct is “repudiation and national dishonor.” “Money is the life-blood -of trade.” Will you leave in the hands of these pawnbrokers the power -to cut your business in half, curtail enterprise, reduce the workers’ -wages, and diminish thereby the markets of the country? - -The Peoples’ Party position on the money question is based on the -United States Supreme Court’s decision, in The Legal Tender cases of -1862 and 1863, as well as the Supreme Courts of nineteen Northern -States.—Ohio Liberty Bell. - - - - -The Lamb In the Rain - - - How sweet a tune it was to cuddle down to - Under the big star quilt that grandma made, - The rain upon the roof! enough to drown you— - And we made out, you know, we were afraid. - - And then you wondered—and the thought would wake you - Wide awake a moment with its pain, - If there could be—and how your heart would ache you— - A little lamb somewhere out in the rain. - - And so, when mother came—how mothers love you! - To kiss her good-night kiss, you’d question low - And when she told you—bending there above you— - “All little lambs are in,” you knew ’twas so. - - How in your very heart of hearts you’d thank her! - For all your little throat just ached to weep; - Then, with a few deep breaths that dragged their anchor, - Your tender heart and you were fast asleep. - - Again the rain upon the roof is beating; - O Heart, dear Heart, I hear you where I am; - And all your mother-soul’s incessant bleating - For yours—your own unsheltered little lamb! - - But look, dear Heart, dear Heart, one bends above you - With more than mother-tenderness to kiss - Your soul into assurance; mother love you?— - Ah, gentler than her gentlest love is this! - - Look, to His Heart your little one lies closer - Than even to your own heart hath it been! - Confide it, little mater dolorosa, - And rest; for know “All little lambs are in.” - - White Springs, Fla. - - - - -[Illustration: LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE. - -THOS. E. WATSON, AUTHOR OF RURAL FREE DELIVERY.] - - -POPULISM WILL SWEEP THE COUNTRY. - -Greenville, Pa., Nov. 19, 1908. - -Hon. Tom Watson, - -Thomson, Ga. - -Dear Sir: - -Allow me to congratulate you on the grand fight that you made in -Georgia. Would to God that such a fight could be made in every state -in the Union. It would, and I believe that it will anyhow, sweep the -country within a shorter time than most of us dream of. Down at heart -the great mass of the people are Populists and what a people are at -heart is bound to reach the head in time. - -The sophistry of Mr. Bryan having now been exploded, Populism will -again get its old time consideration. Millions of voters were, by -Mr. Bryan’s boyhood days’ stand, led to believe that he was really a -Populist, which now stands so plainly refuted that no man ought longer -be fooled unless he wants to be. - -The suggestion on your part to call a conference would, I believe, -prove a good move. As a meeting place, the farther South and West, the -better. It would bring you closer to the great mass of voters who know -more what Populism means than we do of the East and North. - -What little I can do for the cause, I shall most gladly do. Always at -your command, allowed my name to be used here in the last election as a -candidate for Assembly. Got 138 votes in the county; more than enough -that our party will hereafter have a place on the ticket without having -to get out a petition. - -With best wishes and a God speed you in the noble work engaged, I am, - - Very truly yours, - WILLIAM LOOSER. - - - - -GOVERNMENT SHOULD ISSUE ALL MONEY. - - -Military Home, Dayton, O. - -Oct. 20, 1908. - -Thomas E. Watson, - -Thomsan, Ga. - -Sir: - -You know as well as I do that were it not for England’s paper money, -Napoleon would not have lost the battle of Waterloo. Would it not be -wise, and acceptable to all, to, in your speeches, advocate the issue -of Greenbacks exclusively by the Federal Government? Answer, Yes or No. - - Respectfully, - CAPT. A. R. TITUS. - -(Yes.) - - - - -ONLY QUESTION WORTH WHILE. - - -Denver, Col., Oct. 13, 1908. - -Hon. Thomas E. Watson, - -Thomson, Ga. - -Friend Watson: - -I want to compliment you on the splendid work you are doing in your -publications. I am glad you give space to the money question, for it -is really the only question worth while. With an insufficient money -supply no economic system, however good, will succeed. No matter how -high an ethical standard we may have or how industrious the people -may be, poverty will stalk through the land if we do not have a money -volume equal to our money needs. Our money shortage begets interest -and the consumer pays all interest in commercial transactions. What is -our money shortage? I place it at not less than fifteen billion. We -could use thirteen billion for the one purpose of conserving wealth, -and we could certainly use two billion in active circulation. Our bank -deposits were more than thirteen billion, and we had less than three -billion in circulation. The fact that we can and do use credit to help -out the money shortage, does not alter the fact that we should have -tangible money to use instead of being forced to use credit, which -always carries with it the =interest= charge. - -But enough of this. No answer expected, though I do appreciate a letter -from you. I know your time is too precious. A man that writes for -millions now and millions yet to come can not afford to write to one -lone person, and I think you are =writing for the ages=. - - Yours with best wishes, - RICHARD WOLFE. - - - - -WE ALSO WISH IT. - - -Luzerne, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1908. - -Hon. Thomas E. Watson, - -Thomson, Ga. - -Dear Sir: - -I wish it were possible for you to make sufficient inroads in the -South to help build up a great new party which would have some honest -convictions as to the people’s right to rule themselves, a democracy of -vital grip. - - Success to you, - GEO. THOMAS. - - - - -A FINE LETTER FROM MRS. MARION TODD. - - -Springport, Mich., Dec. 16, 1908. - -My Dear Mr. Watson: - -Anything that appears to have your endorsement is worthy of -consideration, and, as the language of Dr. S. Leland, in your last -Magazine, in his speech refers to woman in an offensive manner, I -inflict this article upon you and consider it only fair that it be -placed before the same readers. Dr. Leland refers to woman in the -following language: - -“They will be anything for love, and if they can’t get that * * * some -will rush into the lecture field—join the Salvation Army—form Women’s -Rights Societies, and do deeds that make the angels weep.” - -It’s not surprising that women join the Salvation Army, since it’s an -Army that has done more good than all the churches on earth have ever -done; but what really puzzles me is how Dr. Leland happened to know -that the angels weep because women rush into the lecture field—form -Women’s Rights Societies, etc. Was he so close to the angels that he -could hear the rustle of their wings? There is no known record of -angels weeping over woman suffrage societies, etc. The only thing -that approaches a record of weeping angels is, that Lucifer, in his -tilt with heavenly comrades, =might= have wept, not because of woman -suffrage societies, evidently, but probably because he happened to be -kicked over the battlements of Glory. We hope Dr. Leland, who is now -dead, found better favor in the beyond than did Lucifer, since he was -no doubt as good a man would like to find a place could be. - -Dr. Leland informs us that “true women are not public -brawlers”—otherwise lecturers. The poor, dear man! Did he think a -public lecturer had to be a brawler? The sainted Mary E. Willard was a -public lecturer, imagine her a public brawler! She did more good than -and left an Influence superior to that of any man in the nation. Her -name is found upon the scroll of honor, where many a man would like to -find a place. Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth is a =public speaker=. Let all -men uncover their heads at the mention of her name. - -Dr. Leland says: “Administrative faculties are not hers.” - -Without a trial how could he know she was so deficient? Man has -demonstrated his ability in that line; God forbid that woman develops -the same kind if the opportunity ever occurs. - -Public plunder and panics, the murder of babies in workshop and -factory, a Congress, so corrupt that trusts and corporations rule the -land—such is the administration of man. Dr. Leland says the forum is -no place for her silver voice, but the rotten reign of man makes it -the most appropriate place, for the cesspool will not cleanse itself. -We are informed further that “woman discusses =not= the course of the -planets.” What the discussion of the planets has to do with the right -of suffrage is not exactly clear, as I believe there are a few voters -who are unqualified to discuss the course of the planets. In case -it has a bearing, I would announce that it was a woman who drew the -world’s prize in competition with the wisest in this line but a short -time ago. The Doctor said: - -“She guides =no= vessels through the night and tempest across the -trackless sea.” But she does greater things. She possesses the heart -and heroism to jeopardize her life in rescuing the shipwrecked. We have -many a Grace Darling, we have many a Florence Nightingale, who have -manifested greater bravery and brain than required to guide a vessel. -But this latter charge will not hold today. - -Finally, as a clincher, the Doctor stated that “the strength of -Milton’s poetic vision is far beyond her delicate perception, she would -have been affrighted at that fiery sea upon whose flaming billows— - - ‘Satan, with head above the waves - And eyes that sparkling blazed.’” - -We =again= find the Doctor an =incompetent= judge of woman. A wife who -has to encounter a drunken husband time after time, and who lives in -terror of her life, is used to blazing eyes and bleared eyes, and all -kinds. She would prefer to meet Satan, any time, for there is no record -of his being a “drunk.” - -Woman asks for the ballot that she may vote this worst of hells out of -her life. Yet we find men who respect her so much they would withhold -this privilege of defense. - -Such chivalry is sick and needs medicine. - - (Mrs.) Marion Todd. - - * * * * * - - -A VICTIM OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE. - -Dear Mr. Watson: - -I am requested to write out the details of the execution of a -Confederate soldier at Morton, Mississippi, in July, 1863. I will -endeavor to do so to the best of my recollection; and I think that what -I shall write will be substantially correct, because the incident is -frescoed upon my memory. - -During the siege of Vicksburg, General Joseph E. Johnson was placed in -command of the Army in Mississippi which was being organized outside -to relieve General Pemberton. General W. H. T. Walker commanded a -division in said Army. His command consisted of the brigares of Guist, -Wilson, McNair, Ector and Gregg. I was on the staff of General Gregg. -We were for some time at Yazoo City preparing to move on the rear of -General Grant, who was then closely besieging Vicksburg. When we got -ready and our large supply train prepared (which we expected to take -into Vicksburg), we marched from Yazoo City towards the Big Black Creek -and encamped some days at a little hamlet called Vernon, a few miles -West of Canton. While in camp there, one day a regiment of cavalry -passed along the road, by the side of which the 46th Georgia Regiment -was encamped. This regiment was commanded by Colonel Peyton Colquitt, -who was afterwards killed at Chickamauga. Some one recognized a man in -the cavalry who formerly belonged to the 46th Georgia. The soldier had -deserted from the latter regiment whilst it was on the Georgia coast, -and joined this regiment of cavalry. He was arrested—charges preferred -against him for desertion. He was tried by a court martial which was -sitting at Vernon. - -The man was convicted, but no publication was then made of the results -of the trial, but the findings were regularly forwarded to General -Johnson’s headquarters, and then we broke camp and moved down to the -Big Black for the purpose of crossing to attack General Grant. Indeed, -we reached the point to cross on the night of July 3rd, and the -engineer corps was preparing to throw the pontoons across, when news -came that Vicksburg had surrendered. Then we commenced our retrograde -movement towards Jackson—passing through Clinton, Mississippi, en -route. Sherman was sent in pursuit and we reached Jackson one day ahead -of him and went into the works which had been prepared for the defense -of Jackson. - -Sherman immediately extended his besieging lines with both flanks -resting on Pearl River, forming a semi-circle, leaving the Eastern -side of the city open for our retreat. I think we remained there one -week before retreating. General Johnson found it impossible to keep -Sherman from crossing the river and getting in his rear and, therefore, -evacuated the works and took up his line of march one night towards -Meridian. After we were some distance on the road beyond Brandon, a -terrific rain-storm came on, with heavy thunder and lightning. The -rain was so heavy and the night so dark the troops scarcely march, -encountering here and there wagons and artillery stuck in the mud. - -We reached Morton about daylight and went into camp. The sun rose in -all its brightness and intensity of July heat. The troops were drying -off and preparing their camp for cooking, etc., when this convicted -soldier struggled up to the provost guard and said to the Major in -command: “Well, Major, I got lost last night but am up as soon as I -could find you.” The officer turned over to the guard and said: “I am -sorry you came up for orders have been issued that you must be shot -today at one o’clock p. m.” - -When General Walker learned of this incident, his sympathies were -aroused and he and Major Cumming mounted their horses and rode to -General Johnson’s headquarters. General Walker dismounted, recited -the facts to his superior officer and interceded for the poor fellow. -The only reply was: “General Walker, my orders must be obeyed.” The -latter saluted and replied, “General, they shall be,” and mounted his -horse. With tears in his eyes he instructed Major Cumming to have Major -Schauff (I do not know that I spell this name correctly) make a detail -for the execution and carry it out at 1 o’clock promptly. - -He then ordered the division out to witness the execution. The brigade -formed three sides of a square in a large old field flanked by second -growth of pines; the grave had been dug in the center of it, his coffin -resting on the further side from the firing squad. The condemned man -asked not to be blindfolded; his hands were tied behind his back, -he knelt on his coffin, and in the presence of the whole division, -including his old 46th Georgia Regiment and his comrades therein, and -was shot to death, placed in his box, or coffin, and was buried right -there in that old field. - -The saddest part of it was that the testimony showed he had been so -good and gallant soldier in his adopted regiment, and he stated the -only reason he left the 46th Georgia was that he got tired of inaction -down on the coast and wanted to be where he could do some fighting. He -also stated that he had a wife and child at home in Georgia. - -I wish I knew his name and Company, but I do not. Major Cumming may. - -I think these facts are substantially correct, and hope they will be of -some service to you. - - M. P. CARROLL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -[Illustration: BOOK REVIEWS] - - - =Poem Outlines.= By Sidney Lanier. Charles - Scribner’s Sons, Publishers, New York. - -D’Israeli’s “Calamities and Quarrels of Authors” may be ransacked in -vain for an example of misfortune, suffering and heroic combat with -adversity, more pathetic and more admirable than that of Sidney Lanier. - -The literary history of our own country presents many an instance of -the neglected genius, struggling with poverty, but none of them appeals -to us quite so powerfully as does that of the Georgia poet who wrote -the “Hymn to Sunrise”—wrote it when his hand was too weak to lift food -to his mouth and when his fever temperature was 104. - -Born in Macon, Ga., in 1842, he had hardly graduated, with the first -honor, at Oglethorpe College, before the Civil War drew him, a youth of -eighteen, into the Macon Volunteers, the first Georgia troops that went -to the front. - -At the end of the war,—in which he had been in several battles and had -spent months in prison—he returned on foot to Georgia. - -After a long and desperate illness, he went to Alabama, where he -clerked in a store in Montgomery, and then became a school teacher. - -He married in 1868 and soon afterwards had the first hemorrhage from -the lungs. - -Returning to Macon, he studied law and began its practice, with his -father. - -The lung trouble was a fixture, however, and he went to New York for -treatment. The remainder of his life presents the distressing spectacle -of pursuer and pursued—the Disease in chase of the victim. We find -him now in Texas, then in Florida, now in Pennsylvania, then in North -Carolina,—with his remorseless enemy on his trail, always. - -In the occasional improvements in his health, in the temporary respites -from the implacable foe, was done the literary work which gives Sidney -Lanier his place in the hall of fame. A born musician, he played organ, -piano, flute, violin, banjo and guitar, but his preference was the -violin and his specialty the flute. - -It was his exquisite music on the flute which secured and held for him -the leadership of the Peabody Symphony Concerts, in Baltimore. To this -city he went to live in 1873, and Baltimore was his home during the few -years that were left to him. - -There is no record of a braver struggle with poverty and disease than -that made by the Georgia poet during these last tragical years. - -Fugitive writings for the magazines, lecture courses to private -classes, books in prose and books in verse, first-flute in an -orchestra, public lectures at the Peabody Institute, and then the final -scene in North Carolina where the long, hideous battle comes to its -pitiful close. (Aug. 1881.) - -It is not probable that Sidney Lanier ever got much money out of his -books. - -“Tiger Lilies,” his novel, made no hit; “The Science of English Verse” -could not possibly appeal to many; and even his volumes of verse had -no considerable recognition during the poet’s life-time. Indeed, it -is doubtful whether Lanier will ever be one of the favorites of all -classes, like Burns and Byron, Longfellow and Bret Harte. - -It appears to be the literal fact that the Georgia poet was =always= -hard up. Poverty and Consumption were =always= dogging his steps. To -keep himself and family from want, he =had= to be first-flute in the -Concert, =had= to deliver those lectures. No matter how weak he was, no -matter how ill and depressed, he =had= to go,—and he =did= go and go -and go, until he was so far spent that it may be said that his last -lectures were the death-rattle of a dying man. It is said that his -hearers, to whom his condition was but too evident, listened to these -final discourses “in a kind of fascinated terror.” - -Read this extract from one of his letters to his wife: - -“So many great ideas for Art are born to me each day, =I am swept away -into the land of All-Delight by their strenuous sweet whirlwind=; and -I find within myself such entire, yet humble, confidence of possessing -every single element of power to carry them all out, =save the little -paltry sum of money that would suffice to keep us clothed and fed in -the meantime=. - -“=I do not understand this=.” - -(The black type is ours.) - -It reminds one of that letter of Edgar Poe, written to Childers of -Georgia, requesting a small loan and saying simply, abjectly, “I am so -miserably poor and friendless.” - -His poverty cowed Poe, and caused him to do unmanly things. Poverty -did not cow Sidney Lanier, and never in his life did he do an unmanly -thing. Much of the time he was not able to have his family with him. -Therefore, the battle that was fought by this unfearing soul was a sick -man, a lonely man, a care-worn man, a sensitive man, a very poor man -against odds that he knew he could not long resist. - -In 1905, Charles Scribner’s Sons brought out a complete collection of -the “Poems of Sidney Lanier, edited by his wife.” Of those poems we -have not space to write. - -The present volume is unique and to those who value the brief -suggestion which fires a train of thought, it is valuable,—exceedingly -so. - -Not all of these “Outlines” are properly so called. Many of them are as -complete in themselves as are the Cameos of Walter Savage Landor. - -Like other Georgia bards—A. R. Watson, Dr. Frank Tickner, Joel -Chandler Harris, Frank L. Stanton and Don Marquis,—Sidney Lanier could -put so much thought and beauty into four lines as to give one a sense -of perfection. - -For example, - - “And then - A gentle violin =mated= with the flute, - =And both flew off into a wood of harmony, - Two doves of tone=.” - -=That= is not the “=Outline=” of a poem; it is =a poem=, perfect in its -way and complete in itself. =There was nothing more to be said.= - -Again, - - “=Tolerance, like a Harbor=, lay - Smooth and shining and secure, - =Where ships carrying every flag - Of faith were anchored in peace=.” - -This also, - - “Who doubts but Eve had a rose in her hair - Ere fig leaves fettered her limbs? - So Life wore poetry’s perfect rose - Before ’twas clothed with economic prose.” - -And, - - “How did’st thou win her, Death? - Thou art the only rival that ever made her cold to me.” - -And, - - “Wan Silence lying, lip on ground. - =An outcast Angel from the heaven of sound=, - Prone and desolate - By the shut Gate.” - -One more selection, and we leave off: - - “Look out Death, I am coming, - =Art thou not glad?= What talks we’ll have, - What mem’ries of old battles. - Come, bring the bowl, Death; I am thirsty.” - -This is no “Outline”; it is a complete poem, =a terribly complete -poem=. Like the flash in a night of storm, it lights up a world of -raging elements and universal gloom. - - * * * * * - - =“Pokahuntas, Maid of Jamestown.”= - By Anne Sanford Green. The Exponent Press, Culpeper, Va. - -In the Introduction, the author says, - -“We have expended great pains, and much time and thought, to -demonstrate that the whole story of Pokahuntas and John Smith was -mainly true, and not mythological, and unfit to be told, as some -Virginia historians have been at pains to prove. - -“But really, that it was true that Captain John Smith loved the Indian -maiden, and that he was the one love of her life.” - -The author cites the county records of Virginia to substantiate the -facts upon which her story rests, and uses extensively the work of -Annas Todkill, “My Lady Pokahuntas,” published in the seventeenth -century. - -Out of these materials has been evolved a narrative which is deeply -interesting. How the Indian girl saved Captain Smith’s life, how she -came to love him, how she saved the colony from starvation, how the -enemies of Captain Smith finally made his position unbearable and how -he sailed away, after a tender leave-taking of Pokahuntas, how the -ungrateful colonists captured the girl and held her as hostage, how the -report of Captain Smith’s death came to Jamestown and was believed by -all, how the Indian maiden was wooed and won by Rolfe, how she went to -England and was the honored guest of royalty, how she saw Captain Smith -at Shakespeare’s theatre, how her love for him revived and filled her -with despair, how she sickened and died,—such is the outline of this -fascinating story. The author tells it, without the waste of a word, -and with simplicity, directness and force. - - * * * * * - - =Disastrous Financial Panics=: Cause and Remedy. - By Jesse Gillmore, San Diego, Cal. Price 25 cents. - -“Indeed, a most love of a book,” wrote some one rapturously of a volume -which had pleased him immensely. One is tempted to repeat the phrase -in reference to Mr. Gillmore’s little work, because he has swept -out the ambiguous, the obscure and tiresome, condensed statistical -tables into a few lines and made his subject vitally interesting. The -difficulty of enlightening a majority of people on the evils of our -financial system consists in the refusal of the reader to be bored by -dreary compilations of figures and tedious elaborations. Mr. Gillmore’s -book is history and logic in so entertaining a form that the reader -is delighted; and even a school boy would find in it nothing dull or -confusing. The true test of a popular work on an instructive subject -really is whether or not it is laid down by the reader with a definite: -“Why, I understand that. It was never made so plain to me before.” - -The small price and the ease with which the pamphlet may be handled -and read should make “Disastrous Financial Panics” a very valuable -contribution to the cause of reform. - - * * * * * - - =The Cure of Consumption, Coughs and Colds.= By - Fred. K. Kaessman. Price 10 cents. Health-Wealth - Publishing House, Lawrence, Mass. - -A neat booklet containing encouraging words and advice that will -prove exceedingly beneficial wherever practicable to follow. And even -where the suggestions cannot be carried out completely, the sufferer -from lung trouble should approximate the ideal conditions for cure -as closely as possible. The work emphasizes the value of fresh air, -exercise and wholesome food and the worthlessness of patent nostrums. - - * * * * * - - =Usury.= By Calvin Elliott. Price $1. Published by - the Anti-Usury League, Albany, Oregon. - -It is safe to say that more sincere Christians have been gulled into -submission to injustice and oppression by the Scriptural phrase, -“Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s,” than by anything else. -Therefore, Mr. Calvin’s careful analysis of the economical situation -created by the custom of exacting usury is enormously strengthened by -his clear conception of the true meaning of Bible sayings. He traces -the history of interest through both Old and New Testaments down to -the present time and shows beyond cavil the inquiry of a system which -insures the perpetual enslavement of a debt-paying class for the -benefit of a moneyed aristocracy. - -There can be no freedom so long as usury endures. We may sometimes sigh -for the power of a king—but what European monarch does not servilely -bow to the will of the house of Rothschild? Until we have corrected -the ability to extort taxes from generations yet unborn, we may expect -neither liberty, nor justice nor equality. - -[Illustration] - - - - -EVOLUTION - - -By LANGDON SMITH - - When you were a tadpole and I was a fish, - In the Paleozoic time, - And side by side on the ebbing tide, - We sprawled through the ooze and slime, - Or skittered with many a caudal flip, - Through the depths of the Cambrian fen, - My heart was rife with the joy of life, - For I loved you even then. - - Mindless we lived and mindless we loved, - And mindless at last we died; - And deep in a rift of the Caradoc drift - We slumbered side by side. - The world turned on in the lathe of time, - The hot lands heaved amain, - Till we caught our breath from the womb of death, - And crept into light again. - - We were amphibians, scaled and tailed, - And drab as a dead man’s hand; - We coiled at ease ’neath the dripping trees, - Or trailed through the mud and sand, - Croaking and blind, with our three-clawed feet - Writing a language dumb, - With never a spark in the empty dark - To hint at a life to come. - - Yet happy we lived, and happy we loved, - And happy we died once more; - Our forms were rolled in the clinging mold - Of a Neocomian shore. - The eons came, and the eons fled, - And the sleep that wrapped us fast - Was riven away in a newer day, - And the night of death was past. - - Then light and swift through the jungle trees - We swung in our airy flights, - Or breathed in the balms of the fronded palms, - In the hush of the moonless nights. - And oh! what beautiful years were these, - When our hearts clung each to each; - When life was filled, and our senses thrilled - In the first faint dawn of speech. - - Thus life by life, and love by love, - We passed through the cycles strange, - And breath by breath, and death by death, - We followed the chain of change. - Till there came a time in the law of life - When over the nursing sod - The shadows broke, and the soul awoke - In a strange, dim dream of God. - - I was thewed like an Auroch bull, - And tusked like the great Cave Bear; - And you, my sweet, from head to feet, - Were gowned in your glorious hair. - Deep in the gloom of a fireless cave, - When the night fell o’er the plain, - And the moon hung red o’er the river bed, - We mumbled the bones of the slain. - - I flaked a flint to a cutting edge, - And shaped it with brutish craft; - I broke a shank from the woodland dank. - And fitted it, head and haft, - Then I hid me close to the reedy tarn, - Where the Mammoth came to drink— - Through brawn and bone I drove the stone, - And slew him upon the brink. - - Loud I howled through the moonlit wastes, - Loud answered our kith and kin; - From west and east to the crimson feast, - The clan came trooping in. - O’er joint and gristle and padded hoof, - We fought, and clawed and tore, - And cheek by jowl, with many a growl, - We talked the marvel o’er. - - I carved the fight on a reindeer bone, - With rude and hairy hand, - I pictured his fall on the cavern wall - That men might understand. - For we lived by blood, and the right of might, - Ere human laws were drawn, - And the age of sin did not begin - Till our brutal tusks were gone. - - And that was a million years ago, - In a time that no man knows; - Yet here tonight in the mellow light, - We sit at Delmonico’s; - Your eyes are deep as the Devon springs, - Your hair is dark as jet; - Your years are few, your life is new, - Your soul untried, and yet— - - Our trail is on the Kimmeridge clay, - And the scarp of the Purbeck flags, - We have left our bones in the Bagshot stones, - And deep in the Coraline crags; - Our love is old, our lives are old, - And death shall come amain; - Should it come today, what man may say, - We shall not live again? - - God wrought our souls from the Tremadoc beds - And furnished them wings to fly; - He sowed our spawn in the world’s dim dawn, - And I know that it shall not die. - Though cities have sprung above the graves - Where the crook-boned men made war, - And the ox-wain creaks o’er the buried caves, - Where the mummied mammoths are. - - Then as we linger at luncheon here, - O’er many a dainty dish, - Let us drink anew to the time when you - Were a tadpole and I was a fish. - -ED. NOTE: Above striking poem is reproduced at the special -request of a friend. - -[Illustration] - - - - -Bargain In Books - - -We have a few copies left of the bound volumes of the Jeffersonian -Magazine for 1907, which we will give away as a premium or sell at a -greatly reduced price. - -As a premium you can secure these two handsome volumes for three -subscribers to the Weekly or to the Magazine at one dollar each. On -receipt of your remittance of three dollars we will send you the books. - -During the year 1907 Mr. Watson contributed to the Jeffersonian -Magazine some of the ablest and most thoughtful articles that have come -from his pen. - -The two volumes are well bound, finely illustrated, and contain serial -stories, fiction and cartoons. They form a pictorial history of the -world for the year. - - PRICE: - Two handsome volumes $1.50 - - PREMIUM: - For three subscriptions at one dollar - each to Magazine or Weekly - - The Jeffersonians - Thomson, Ga. - - - - -New Books by Mr. Watson - - - =Waterloo $1.50= - -This is a thorough and intelligent account of the three days’ struggle. -Mr. Watson analyzes the characters of the generals in command; he -describes in detail the positions occupied by the various bodies of -soldiery, and compares the relative strength and advantage of the -several positions; he searches, so far as may be, into the motives and -strategy of the two opposing generals, and he discusses the spirit -and character of the two armies. Step by step, without haste and with -unflagging interest, he resolves the confusion, “the shouting and -the tumult,” to an orderly sequence, a “clear-cut study of cause and -effect.” - -Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each. - - - =Life and Speeches of Thos. E. Watson $1.50= - -The Biographical Sketch was written by Mr. Watson, and the Speeches -selected by him. These include Literary, Labor-Day, Economic and -Political addresses. - -Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each. - - - =Handbook of Politics and Economics $1.00= - -Contains platforms and history of political parties in the United -States, with separate chapters on important legislation, great public -questions, and a mass of valuable statistical information on social and -economic matters. Illustrated by original cartoons by Gordon Nye. - -Premium for 2 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each. - - - =Sketches of Roman History .50= - -The Gracchi, Marius, Sylla, Spartacus, Jugurtha, Julius Caesar, -Octavius, Anthony and Cleopatra. Pictures the struggle of the Roman -people against the class legislation and privilege which led to the -downfall of Rome. - -Premium for 1 new subscriber to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00, sent by -another than the subscriber. - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE, -(VOL. III, NO. 1), JANUARY, 1909 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, (Vol. III, No. 1), January, 1909</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various, Tom Dolan, Zarion E. Weigle, Frank E. Anderson and Walter Eden</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: February 16, 2021 [eBook #64569]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE, (VOL. III, NO. 1), JANUARY, 1909 ***</div> -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="f200"><b><i>WATSON BOOKS</i></b></p> -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Story of France</i>,</span> <i>2 volumes</i>, -<span class="ws8"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>$3.50</i></span></span></p> - -<p class="blockquot">In the Story of France you will find a history of Chivalry, -of the Crusades, of Joan of Arc, of the Ancien Regime, of the French Revolution.</p> - -<p><i>Premium for 6 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p> -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Napoleon</i></span> -<span class="ws18"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>1.75</i></span></span></p> -<p><i>Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson</i></span> -<span class="ws2"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>1.75</i></span></span></p> - -<p class="blockquot">In the Life of Jefferson you will learn what -democratic principles are, and you will learn much history, to the -credit of the South and West, which the New England writers left out.</p> -<p><i>Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Bethany</i>,</span> -<span class="ws17"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>1.25</i></span></span></p> -<p class="blockquot"><i>A Study of the Causes of the Civil War and a love -story of a Confederate Volunteer</i>.</p> -<p><i>Premium for 3 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h1 class="no-wrap"><span class="smcap">Watson’s<br /> Jeffersonian Magazine<br /> <br /> -Vol. III<span class="ws2"><small>JANUARY, 1909</small></span><span class="ws2">No. 1</span></span></h1> -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="chapter"><h2 class="nobreak">CONTENTS</h2></div> - -<table border="0" cellspacing="0" summary="TOC" cellpadding="0" > - <tbody><tr> - <td class="tdl">FRONTISPIECE</td> - <td class="tdl">Sidney Lanier</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#FRONTIS"> 4</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="2">EDITORIALS</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#EDITS">5</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="2"><p class="blockquot_toc no-indent"> - <a href="#LINCOLN">An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln</a>— - <a href="#BRYAN">Why Mr. Bryan can Never be President</a>— - <a href="#FOREIGN">Foreign Missions</a>— - <a href="#TREASURE">Treasure Trove</a>— - <a href="#ROLLO">The Passing of Lucy and Rollo</a>.</p></td> - <td class="tdc"> </td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">A SURVEY OF THE WORLD</td> - <td class="tdl">Tom Dolan</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">THE BELLS—A Poem</td> - <td class="tdl">Zarion E. Weigle</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">THE PIPE OF ZAIDEE</td> - <td class="tdl">Frank E. Anderson</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT</td> - <td class="tdl"> </td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">MONEY IS KING</td> - <td class="tdl">Walter Eden</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#MONEY">56</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">A DWELLER WITH THE PAST—A Poem</td> - <td class="tdl">Ricardo Minor</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#DWELLER">61</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">CLIPPINGS FROM EXCHANGES</td> - <td class="tdl"> </td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">THE LAMB AND THE RAIN—A Poem</td> - <td class="tdl">Ada A. Mosher</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#LAMB">67</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE</td> - <td class="tdl"> </td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td> - </tr><tr> - <td class="tdl">BOOK REVIEWS</td> - <td class="tdl"> </td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="center">Published Monthly by</p> -<p class="f120">THOS. E. WATSON</p> -<p class="center space-above2">Temple Court Building, Atlanta, Ga.<br /> - $1.00 Per Year<span class="ws6">10 Cents Per Copy</span></p> - -<p class="center space-above2">WESTERN ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE:<br /> -Wm. E. Herman, 112 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p class="center space-above1">CHICAGO SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE:<br /> -The M. Raftery Co., 84 Washington St., Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p class="center space-above2"><i>Entered as second class matter December 21, -1906, at the Post Office at Atlanta, Ga.</i></p> -<hr class="full" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> -<div class="figcenter"> - <img id="FRONTIS" src="images/frontis.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="512" /> - <p class="f120">SYDNEY LANIER</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> -<p class="f200"><b><span class="smcap">Watson’s Jeffersonian Magazine</span></b></p> - -<p class="center"><b>Vol. III   JANUARY, 1909   No. 1</b></p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<a name="EDITS" id="EDITS"> </a> -<h2 class="nobreak">EDITORIALS</h2></div> -<hr class="r25" /> - -<div><a name="LINCOLN" id="LINCOLN"> </a></div> -<h3>An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln</h3> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p>(<i>The Editor of a Northern magazine applied to me for an article on -Abraham Lincoln.</i></p> - -<p><i>After some hesitation, I decided to comply with the request. In -doing so, my rule of</i> <span class="smcap">SAYING WHAT I THINK</span> -<i>was followed. Mr. Lincoln was “sized up”, just as I would try to -measure the proportions of Cromwell, of Robert Bruce or of Gladstone, -or any other historical character.</i></p> - -<p><i>But the Northern editor was “afraid” my article would stir up -“sectional feeling.” He, therefore, returned it with the polite letter -which follows.</i></p> - -<p><i>Whosoever reads this rejected Lincoln article, which the Jeffersonian -Magazine now presents, will probably feel some surprise that so -liberal an estimate of Mr. Lincoln was ruled out, as contraband, by a -non-political Northern magazine.</i></p> - -<p><i>It is proper for me to say that so much of the article as follows the -paragraph in which the South’s feeling toward Mr. Lincoln is expressed, -was written after the MS came back. Even with these additions, I fear -that my Northern brother would have been afraid to publish my estimate -of Lincoln.</i></p> - -<p class="author">“<i>New York, November 21, 1908.</i></p> - -<p>“<i>The Hon. Thomas E. Watson,</i></p> - -<p>“<i>Dear Sir: We have read your estimate of Abraham Lincoln. We tried -our best to figure out some way by which it could be shaped around in -a manner that would be suitable for our magazine. You see, first of -all, in dealing with Lincoln or any Civil War subject we cannot afford -in any way to stir up sectional feeling. I am afraid your article is -open to criticism in this respect. If you were only in New York, and we -could go over this thing personally, I have no doubt but what we might -frame up an article that would be mutually satisfactory. The time is -so limited that I suppose we will just have to give it up. Yours very -truly,</i></p> - -<p class="author"><i>Editorial Department.</i>”)</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> -When the editor of —— Magazine applied to me for an article on -Abraham Lincoln, my first inclination was to decline the commission. -Although it is high time that some one should strike a note of sanity -in the universal laudation of Mr. Lincoln, a Southern man is not, -perhaps, the proper person to do it. On further consideration, however, -it occurred to me that my position was radically different from that of -any other public man in the South. People on the other side of Mason -and Dixon’s line cannot be ignorant or oblivious of the fact that for -the last twenty years I have waged warfare upon the Bourbonism of my -own section and the narrowness of my own people. In every possible -way I have appealed to them to rise above sectional prejudice and -party bigotry. While I, myself, have suffered terribly during this -long series of years, some good has followed my work. Twenty years -ago, a white man in the South who openly professed himself a member -of the Republican party was socially ostracised. Every one realizes -how completely that state of things has been revolutionized,—we see -it in the heavy Republican vote cast in Southern States in the recent -election; we see it in the ovations given to Mr. Roosevelt and to Mr. -Taft in the Southern cities.</p> - -<p>My part in bringing about this change for the better is so well known -in the North that no well informed man or woman will attribute to -sectionalism anything in my estimate of Mr. Lincoln which may appear to -be harsh or unjust.</p> - -<p>Let us see to what extent the adulation of Mr. Lincoln has gone.</p> - -<p>In Harper’s Weekly for November 7th, 1908, a British gentleman of the -name of P. D. Ross offers to amend the high estimate which Colonel -Harvey had already placed upon Mr. Lincoln by classing our martyred -President as “The greatest man the world has produced.” Colonel Harvey -soberly accepts the amendment,—thus Miss Ida Tarbell is left far -behind, and Hay and Nicolay eclipsed.</p> - -<p>One of the more recent biographers of Mr. Lincoln hotly denounced as -untrue the statement that “He used to sit around and tell anecdotes -like a traveling man.”</p> - -<p>Do we not all remember how, as children, we were fascinated with the -story of “The Scottish Chiefs”, by Miss Jane Porter? Did not the Sir -William Wallace of that good lady’s romance appeal to us as a perfect -hero, an ideal knight, exemplifying in himself the loftiest type of -chivalry? Yet, when we grew to be older, we were not surprised to learn -that Sir Walter Scott—certainly a good judge of such matters, and -certainly a patriotic Scotchman—wrathfully and contemptuously found -fault with Miss Porter because she had made “a fine gentleman” out of a -great, rugged, national hero. Every well balanced American, North and -South, ought to feel the same way toward those authors who take Abraham -Lincoln into their hands, dress him up, tone him down, polish him and -change him until he is no longer the same man.</p> - -<p>The outpouring of Lincolnian eulogy which will greet the country in -February will probably be all of a sort—indiscriminate praise—each -orator and speaker straining and struggling to carry the high water -mark of laudation higher than it has ever yet gone.</p> - -<p><i>Let us study Mr. Lincoln with an earnest desire to find out what he -was.</i> Let it be remembered that the biography of him written by his law -partner, Mr. Herndon, was that biography in which the best picture of -him might have been expected. His law partner was his friend, personally -and politically. It was that law partner who converted him to -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> -abolitionism. To the task of writing the biography of the deceased -member of the firm, Mr. Herndon brought devotion to the memory of a man -whom he had respected and loved; yet, being honest, he told the truth -about Mr. Lincoln,—painting his portrait with the warts on. <i>The fact -that this record, written by a sorrowing friend, was destroyed</i>, and a -spurious, after-thought Herndon biography put in its place, must always -be a fact worthy of serious consideration.</p> - -<p>I can imagine one of the reasons for the suppression of Herndon’s -original manuscript when I note, with amusement, the vigor and -indignation with which a later biographer defends Mr. Lincoln from the -terrible accusation of “sitting around and telling anecdotes to amuse a -crowd.”</p> - -<p>Those who take the least pains to ascertain the facts as to Mr. -Lincoln’s story telling habits soon convince themselves that nothing -said upon the subject could well be an exaggeration. In his day, the -broadest, vulgarest anecdotes were current in the South and West, and -thousands of public men, who ought to have been ashamed of themselves -for doing so, made a practice of repeating these stories to juries -in the court house, to crowds on the hustings, and to groups in the -streets, stores and hotels.</p> - -<p>Upon one occasion, while I was in conversation with Thomas H. Tibbles, -a surviving personal acquaintance of John Brown and Abraham Lincoln, I -interrogated him eagerly as to both. Directing his attention to this -matter of Mr. Lincoln’s alleged fondness for the relation of smutty -stories, Mr. Tibbles very promptly replied that the very first time -he ever saw Mr. Lincoln he was directed to his room in the hotel by a -series of bursts of loud laughter. Mr. Tibbles’ curiosity was aroused -by the continuous hilarity which resounded from this particular room -and he went to it. There he found a great, long, raw-boned man seated -in a chair with his big feet up on the table, telling smutty yarns to a -circle of men who were exploding with laughter at the end of each story.</p> - -<p>Every man must be judged by the standards of his time. People of -elegance and refinement, according to the standards of the Elizabethan -age, listened to comedies which were considered in good taste then, but -which would not be tolerated in any decent community now. The manners -of the West and of the rural South in Mr. Lincoln’s day, were quite -different from what they are now. Even now, however, there are men who -call themselves gentlemen, and women who think they are ladies, that -make a specialty of cultivating a talent for the relation of doubtful -stories. The fact that Mr. Lincoln let his gift of entertainment and -his fondness for the humorous lead him down to the low plane of his -audience does not by any means indicate a defect of heart or mind. As a -lawyer and as a politician, it was a part of his business to cultivate -popularity. He made friends in just such circles as that into which -Mr. Tibbles walked. The men who laughed with Mr. Lincoln, enjoying the -inimitable way in which he related anecdotes, naturally warmed to him, -and they gave him verdicts and votes.</p> - -<p>Mr. P. D. Ross, Editor of the Ottawa (Canada) <i>National</i>, claims that -Mr. Lincoln was “The greatest man the world has produced”, and the -editor of <i>Harper’s Weekly</i> soberly falls into line.</p> - -<p>Well, there should be some standard by which one is enabled to measure -a man’s greatness. Mr. Lincoln was a lawyer, a statesman, and a chief -magistrate of a republic. In each of these capacities let us see what -was his rank. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p> - -<p>Does any one claim that he was the greatest lawyer that ever lived? -Surely not. There is not the slightest doubt that Mr. Lincoln was a -famous verdict getter. He could do about as much with a jury as any -advocate in the West, but he certainly never won any court house -victories that were more famous than those of Dan Voorhees, Emory -Storrs, Bob Ingersoll, Matt Carpenter, Sargent Prentiss, Robert Toombs -and of scores of other lawyers who could easily be named. In knowledge -of the law, force of mental power of the judicial sort,—such as Chief -Justice John Marshall and Daniel Webster and Rufus Choate had,—does -anybody for a moment claim that Mr. Lincoln out-ranks all other -lawyers? Surely not. He is not to be named in the same class as Reverdy -Johnson, Jeremiah Black, or Senator Edmunds, Charles O’Connor,—to say -nothing of Jeremiah Mason, of Massachusetts, and Luther Martin, of -Maryland, William Pinckney, of the same State, and Edmund Randolph, of -Virginia.</p> - -<p>Mr. Lincoln served in Congress. Did he cut any figure there? None -whatever. He appeared to be out of his element. His Congressional -record is not to be compared to that of Thaddeus Stevens or Stephen -A. Douglas. We look into the lives of such men as Benjamin Franklin, -the elder Adams, of Thomas Jefferson, of Clay, Calhoun and Webster, -of Alexander Hamilton and George Washington, and there is no trouble -in finding <i>their</i> foot-prints on the sands of time; but in the -achievements of statesmanship <i>where are the foot-prints of Mr. -Lincoln</i>? You will look into the statute-books in vain to find them. -We have a great financial policy, born of the creative, forceful -statesmanship of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Clay; we have a great -protective system, owing its origin to the same two statesmen; we have -a great homestead policy, which owes its birth to Andrew Johnson, of -Tennessee; we have a great national policy of internal improvements, -but Mr. Lincoln was not its father. <i>Consequently, there is not a -single national line of policy which owes its paternity to this -statesman whom Mr. Ross classes as “The greatest man the world has -produced.”</i></p> - -<p>In the State of Illinois, compare Mr. Lincoln’s work with Mr. -Jefferson’s work in the State of Virginia. Did Mr. Lincoln leave his -impress any where upon the established order in Illinois? I have never -heard of it. In Virginia, Jefferson found the church and state united, -both taxing the people and dividing the spoils. Mr. Jefferson divorced -the church from the state, confiscated the church’s ill-gotten wealth, -devoting it to charitable and educational purposes; and put an end to -legalized religious intolerance. In Virginia there was a land monopoly, -perpetuated by entails and primogenitures. Mr. Jefferson made war -upon it, broke it up, and thus overthrew the local aristocracy. He -formulated a school system and established in America its first modern -college. Can anything which Mr. Lincoln, the statesman, did in Illinois -compare with Mr. Jefferson’s work in Virginia?</p> - -<p>So far as national statesmanship is concerned, Mr. Lincoln is not to -be classed with either of “The Great Trio”, nor with Mr. Jefferson, -nor with Alexander Hamilton. Each of the five named were statesmen of -the first order, possessing original, creative ability in that field of -work. There is no evidence whatever that Mr. Lincoln possessed that talent.</p> - -<p>It must be, then, as chief magistrate of the republic that he won the -title of “great.” That, in fact, is the case. He was a great chief -executive. As such, he deserves immortality. Because he sealed his -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> -work with his life-blood, his memory will always be sacred. But, is -it absolutely certain that no other American would have succeeded in -piloting the vessel of state through the storm of the Civil War? Is -it quite certain that Stephen A. Douglas, himself, would not have -succeeded where Mr. Lincoln succeeded? Who knows and can dogmatically -say that Thaddeus Stevens or Oliver Morton, or Zach Chandler, or Ben -Wade could not have done it? What was it that Mr. Lincoln did during -the Civil War that was so much greater and grander than what might have -been expected from Andrew Jackson in the same crisis? Somehow I fail -to see it. He did not lose courage, but there were brave men before -Agamemnon, and the world has never been lacking in heroic types that -stand forth and meet emergencies.</p> - -<p>In studying Mr. Lincoln’s course during the Civil War we can discover -a great deal of patience, a great deal of tact, a great deal of -diplomacy, a great deal of determination to win, a great deal of -consecration to patriotic duty. He struck the right key-note when he -said that he was fighting not to free the negroes but to preserve the -Union. This insight into the situation which enabled him to take the -strongest possible position showed political genius of a high order. -This alone would entitle him to be classed as a great statesman, a -great chief magistrate, a great national leader.</p> - -<p>When we calmly reflect upon what he had to do, and the means which -were at his command for doing it, we see nothing in the result that -borders upon the miraculous. All the advantage was on his side. The -fire-eaters of the South played into his hands beautifully. They were -so very blind to what was necessary for their success that they even -surrendered possession of Washington City, when they might just as -well have held it and rushed their troops to it, thus making sure not -only of Baltimore, but of the whole State of Maryland—to say nothing -of the enormous moral advantage of holding possession of the capital -of the nation. It was a clever strategy which, while talking peace, -adopted those measures which compelled the Confederate authorities -to fire upon the flag at Fort Sumter. But that most effective bit of -strategy appears to have had its birth in the fertile brain of William -H. Seward. The diplomacy which kept dangling before the eyes of the -border states the promise to pay for the slaves until the necessity of -duping the waverers had passed, was clever in its way; but there is -no evidence that the fine Italian hand of Mr. Seward was not in this -policy also.</p> - -<p>After the battle of Bull Run, Congress passed a resolution declaring -that the war was being waged for the sole purpose of preserving the -Union, and that the Federal Government had no intention of interfering -with slavery. This was subtle politics and it had the desired effect -upon the doubtful Southern States; but there is no evidence that Mr. -Lincoln was the first to suggest the resolution.</p> - -<p>Was Mr. Lincoln sincere in making the beautiful and touching plea for -peace, in his first inaugural? Unquestionably. Yet he would make no -concessions, nor encourage any efforts at reconciliation. He opposed -the Crittenden Compromise, which demanded no sacrifice of principle -by the North and which surrendered much that had been claimed by the -South. Of the 1,200,000 square miles of public domain, the Southern -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> -leaders offered to close 900,000 square miles to slavery, leaving it -to the people of the remaining 300,000 square miles to decide for or -against slavery when they came to frame their state constitutions. -Democrats, North and South, favored this Compromise. The Republicans -rejected it. Then, the last hope of peaceable settlement was gone.</p> - -<p>Mr. Lincoln threw his influence as President-elect against the Peace -Congress, and rejected the South’s offer to adjust the sectional -differences by a restoration and extension of the old Missouri -Compromise line.</p> - -<p>The proclamation in which Mr. Lincoln assured the seceding states that -slavery should not be disturbed provided the insurgents laid down -their arms by the 1st of January, 1863, proves that Mr. Lincoln is -not entitled to the very great credit that is given him for signing -the Emancipation Act. Mr. Lincoln was never a rabid abolitionist, and -was an eleventh hour man, at that; he bore none of the brunt of the -pioneers’ fight; he could show no such scars as Wendell Phillips and -Lloyd Garrison and Cassius M. Clay carried; he never ran the risk of -becoming a martyr, like Lovejoy; he stood aside, a good Whig, until -the abolition movement was sweeping his own section, and then he fell -into line with it like a practical, sensible, adjustable politician. He -himself joked about the manner in which Thaddeus Stevens, Benjamin Wade -and Charles Sumner nagged at him from week to week, and month to month, -because of his luke-warmness in the matter of emancipation. Of and -concerning those three more rabid abolitionists, Mr. Lincoln told his -somewhat celebrated anecdote of the little Sunday School boy and those -“same three damn fellows, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego.”</p> - -<p>Not until it became a military necessity to do it, did Mr. Lincoln -sign the Emancipation Act. Therefore, his hand having been forced -by military policy rather than by the dictates of philanthropy, it -does not seem just to class him with the crusaders of the abolition -government.</p> - -<p>If he meant what he said in his famous letter to Alexander H. Stephens, -if he meant what he said even in his last inaugural,—to say nothing -of the first,—it was never Lincoln’s intention to go farther than to -combat the South in her efforts to extend slavery into the free states -and territories.</p> - -<p>In guiding the non-seceding states through the perils of civil strife, -Mr. Lincoln’s position was never so difficult as was that of Mazarin, -nor that of Richelieu; not so difficult as that of Cromwell; not so -difficult as that of William the Silent, or William of Orange, and very -much less difficult than that of the younger Pitt,-“the pilot that -weathered the storm” of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. Mr. -Lincoln’s achievements as chief magistrate and as a statesman certainly -do not outrank those of George Washington, nor even those of Cavour, -to whom modern Italy owes her existence; nor of Bismarck, creator of -the German Empire. <i>Finally, it should be remembered that the South was -combating the Spirit of the Age and the Conscience of Mankind.</i> This -fact lightened Mr. Lincoln’s task, immensely.</p> - -<p>How do the people of the South feel toward Lincoln? Kindly. We -honor his memory. We think that he was broad-minded, free from -vindictiveness, free from sectionalism, free from class-hatred. We -think he was a strong man, a sagacious man, and a very determined man. -We have always regarded his assassination as the worst blow the South -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> -got after Appomattox. We think that he, alone, could have stemmed the -torrent of sectional hatred, and could have worked out a simple plan of -restoring the seceding states to the Union which would have reunited -the family without that carnival of debauchery and crime known as the -“Reconstruction period.”</p> - -<p>We think that the man who made the appeal to the South which he made -in his first inaugural, and the man who at Gettysburg, soon after -the battle, praised the courage of the troops who made the effort to -storm such heights as those, and who on the night of Lee’s surrender -called upon the bands to play “Dixie,” was not a bitter partizan of the -Thaddeus Stevens stripe, who, after the guns had been stacked and the -flags furled, would have used all of the tremendous and irresistible -power of the Federal Government to humiliate, outrage, despoil and -drive to desperation a people who were already in the dust.</p> - -<p>It is not true that Mr. Lincoln offered generous terms to the South -at the Hampton Roads Conference. He did not say to the Confederate -Commissioners, “Write the word ‘<i>Union</i>’ first and you may write -whatever you please after that.”</p> - -<p>It is not true that he offered payment for the slaves.</p> - -<p>The official reports made to both Governments, as well as Mr. Stephens’ -story of the celebrated Conference, conclusively prove that Mr. -Lincoln demanded the unconditional surrender of the Confederacy as a -preliminary to any discussion of terms.</p> - -<p>In fact, at the close of the Conference of four hours, Mr. R. M. T. -Hunter, one of the Confederate Commissioners, feelingly complained of -the harshness and humiliation involved in the “unconditional surrender” -demanded of the seceding states.</p> - -<p>Mr. Lincoln declined to commit himself, <i>officially</i>, to the -proposition that the South, by laying down her arms and submitting to -the restoration of the national authority throughout her limits, could -resume her former relations to the Government. <i>Personally</i>, he thought -she could. He refused <i>officially</i> to commit himself on the subject of -paying the slave-owners for their slaves. <i>Personally</i>, he was willing -to be taxed for that purpose, and he <i>believed</i> that the Northern -people held the same views. He knew of some who favored a Congressional -appropriation of $400,000,000 for that purpose. But give any pledges? -Oh, no. The Confederacy must first abolish itself,—<i>then</i> there would -be a discussion of terms!</p> - -<p>Fort Fisher, North Carolina, had recently fallen; the Confederacy was -reeling under the shock of repeated disaster, the thin battle lines of -the Gray were almost exhausted,—and Mr. Lincoln was now certain that -secession was doomed.</p> - -<p>In the “Recollections” of J. R. Gilmore, there is a curious account -of an informal mission undertaken by himself and Col. J. F. Jaquess -for the purpose of ending the war. According to Gilmore, he went to -Washington, had an interview with Mr. Lincoln, and drew from him a -statement of the terms which he was willing to offer the Confederate -Government.</p> - -<p>The gist of his several propositions was that the Confederacy should -dissolve, the armies disband, the seceding states acknowledge national -authority and come back into Congress with their representatives, that -slavery should be abolished and that $500,000,000 be paid the South for -the slaves. This was in June 1864. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p> - -<p>Gilmore and Colonel Jaquess were given passage through the lines, -went to Richmond and saw Mr. Davis. After listening to the unofficial -proposals of the self-appointed envoys, Mr. Davis declared that the -South was not struggling to maintain slavery, but to make good “<i>our -right to govern ourselves</i>.”</p> - -<p>As the terms offered took away this fundamental right from the South, -Mr. Davis declined to treat.</p> - -<p>How hopeless, at that time, must have seemed the cause for which -Jefferson Davis stood! How eternally assured that of Mr. Lincoln! -Yet, see how old Father Time works his miracles,—the Jefferson Davis -principle has risen from the ashes, a very Phoenix of life immortal. -The Lincoln position has been abandoned by the Party which made him -its first President. The cause of Home Rule is stronger throughout the -world than when the fugitive President of the broken Confederacy faced -his official family, at its last Cabinet meeting, in the village of -Washington, Georgia, and asked, despairingly, “<i>Is it all over?</i>”</p> - -<p>The hateful Amendments, which struck so foul and cruel a blow at “our -right to govern ourselves,” are now nothing more than monuments reared -by political partisans to their own vindictive passions. The better -element throughout the North would be glad to forget them. They have -been distorted by the Federal Judiciary and have proven to be a curse -to the whole country, in that they are the refuge of the corporations -which plunder the people.</p> - -<p>Republican leaders look on, acquiescent, while state after state that -seceded from the Union puts into practice the principle for which the -South fought in the Civil War,—the right to regulate our own domestic -concerns.</p> - -<p>A Republican President has made an Ex-Confederate soldier the official -head of the military establishment of the United States; a Republican -President has stood his ground against negro resentment upon the -proposition that the South may disfranchise the negroes if she likes; a -Republican President-elect manfully held the same position throughout a -heated campaign in which niggerites and Bryanites assaulted both Taft -and Roosevelt because of this pro-Southern attitude.</p> - -<p>“<i>We are fighting, not for slavery, but for the right to govern -ourselves.</i>” So said our President; so said our Statesmen; so said our -soldiers; so said our civilians. And today we are vindicated.</p> - -<p>The insanest war in history, as one studies it, is seen to have been -fought for a principle which both sides now admit to have been right, -and which Mr. Lincoln repeatedly and most earnestly declared was right, -before a shot was fired.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_012.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="174" /> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p> - -<div><a name="BRYAN" id="BRYAN"> </a></div> -<h3>Why Mr. Bryan Can Never Be President</h3> -<hr class="r5" /> - -<p>In 1896, it cost the Republicans six million dollars to defeat Bryan; -in 1900, it cost them four millions; in 1908, they “beat him to a -frazzle” with less than two millions.</p> - -<p>In 1896, every chance was in his favor; he was young, handsome, -magnetic, eloquent, without a stain on his record. In the general -enthusiasm aroused by his “crown-of-thorns, cross-of-gold” speech, -people did not give heed to the craftiness and selfishness of the -Bland delegate who used Bland’s name as a stalking horse to get the -nomination for himself. For twenty years Richard P. Bland had labored -for Bi-metallism. He had won the fight by sheer bulldog pluck. The -Bland-Allison act of 1878 was a Bland triumph. The Sherman law of 1890 -was a Bland victory, for Sherman himself said it must be passed to head -off a free-coinage act. When the Congress of 1892 convened, the Bland -forces had an overwhelming majority. Why then could we not make a law -restoring the white metal to its constitutional place as the equal -of gold? Because, in the contest for the Speakership, the Northern -Congressmen <i>got control of the Committees as an exchange for the -office of Speaker</i>.</p> - -<p>But the tide of public feeling in favor of “Constitutional money” kept -on rising, and there is no doubt whatever that a majority of our people -in 1896, favored Bi-metallism. But Bryan, cunning and ambitious, used -his opportunities as a Bland delegate to undermine Bland, and at the -psychological moment treated Bland to what Garfield had treated Sherman.</p> - -<p>What had Bryan done for Bi-metallism? Nothing. He did not even -understand the true meaning of it. As for Bland, he had fought the -battle of “Constitutional money” while Bryan was at school, and when, -in the hour of Silver’s triumph, the hero of its struggle was cast -aside by his ungrateful party, it broke the old man’s heart and he died.</p> - -<p>When I think of the long series of years during which Mr. Bland was the -unflinching, untiring leader of the forces of Bi-metallism, and when I -think of the very substantial fruits of his labors, the manner in which -Bryan and the Democratic party flung him aside—the old horse turned -out to graze till he should drop—seems to me to be one of the most -convincing illustrations of the fact that “<i>politics is hell</i>.”</p> - -<p>Having captured the Democratic nomination, Bryan turned his attention -to the Populists. They had proved that they could poll nearly two -million votes. Bryan wanted them. Through Allen of Nebraska and Jones -of Arkansas he laid his plans to get them. By as foul a trick as ever -was played in American politics, the Populist Convention was inveigled -into giving its Presidential nomination to Bryan. Having got what -he sought, he broke the contract, turned a deaf ear to all appeals, -underrated the measure of Mid-road Populist resentment, invaded “the -enemy’s country,” cherished the delusion that he could win New England, -hung on to the impossible Sewall, and so lost the Presidency. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p> - -<p>It is a fact that the Republicans had no hope of success, after the -action of the Populist Convention, until Bryan himself adopted the -insane policy of making the race with two Vice-Presidential candidates -swinging on to the ticket.</p> - -<p>In that campaign, the whole money question was dwarfed to the -discussion of “Free Silver.” The great issue of Constitutional, -scientific Bi-metallism was shunted on to the spur track of Free -Silver. In that campaign he lost the East and the North, irrevocably. -Instead of making a strong, broad, easily understood plea for a -restoration of the financial system of Jefferson, of Madison, of -Monroe, of Jackson, of Benton, of Calhoun, he selected that detail -of the money question which was of the least consequence, which was -the most difficult to explain to the ordinary voter, and which,—on -account of the selfish interests of the Silver Kings—lent itself most -favorably to Republican assault.</p> - -<p>This error was Bryan’s own folly, for the Greenbacker and the Populist -had already demonstrated the advantage of treating the question in the -broad, fundamental way. To this day, Mr. Bryan pays the penalty. To the -business world, of every section of the Union, he is known as the “Free -Silver” crank, and the business world is dead against him.</p> - -<p>In 1900, the Spanish war had temporarily engulfed economic questions. -Bryan was astute enough to feel this; consequently, he discovered a -new Paramount Issue. It was Imperialism. But Bryan was not the man to -derive any benefit from it, for the simple reason that he was as much -responsible for it as the Republicans themselves. Tired of camp life -at Tampa, Mr. Bryan hurried to Washington City, exerted his personal -influence with certain Democratic Senators, and prevailed upon Senator -Clay and others to vote with the Republicans to ratify the Treaty of -Paris.</p> - -<p>As our Imperialism grows out of this Treaty, Mr. Bryan’s political -dishonesty in raising such an issue against the Republicans was so -glaring that they had very much less trouble in defeating him in 1900 -than they had had in 1896.</p> - -<p>Then came the ugly affair of the Bennett will; of Bryan’s acceptance of -gifts of money aggregating $12,000; of his efforts to secure, secretly, -a legacy of $50,000; of his astonishing lack of delicacy in drawing -up, in his home, a will for a doting old man who was Bryan’s guest; of -his mercenary persistence in his struggle against Bennett’s widow; of -his claim for a large fee as Executor of a will which he had drawn and -which the courts had set aside.</p> - -<p>Then came the revelation that while appearing to the public as the -devoted, unselfish, patriotic champion of Free Silver, he had been in -the pay of the Silvre Kings all the time. <i>Then</i> we could understand -why he had narrowed the money question to that pitiful detail. -Millionaire Silver Mine-owners, like Marcus Daly and William A. Clark, -didn’t care a rap about Constitutional money. What they wanted was the -personal profit to be gained by them in carrying fifty cents’ worth -of the white metal to the U. S. Mints and having it turned into a -dollar. Free Silver meant millions of dollars to these Silver Kings. -Therefore they paid Bryan big prices to make speeches for Free Silver. -And the Peerless orator stuck to his text. And when the Silver Kings -discontinued the pay, Mr. Bryan discontinued the speeches. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p> - -<p>Afterwards came the campaign against Parker’s nomination in 1904. Pretty -much everything that could be said to prove that such a nomination -would be a base betrayal of the Jeffersonian element of the Democratic -party, Bryan said. In Chicago, notably, he hired a hall, collected the -faithful around him, made an impassioned speech setting forth the shame -of such a Ryan-Belmont candidacy as that of Parker, and said that a -Democrat ought to be ready and willing to die rather than submit to -such a surrender of principle as would be involved in the nomination of -Parker.</p> - -<p>Similar heroic declarations Mr. Bryan made against the Clevelandites, -the Wall Street element of his party, the undemocratic advocates of the -British gold standard which had chained the world to London. In his -book, in his paper, in his speeches,—particularly at Birmingham,—he -vowed that he would never support a gold standard candidate and that he -would quit the Democrats if the party adopted a gold standard platform.</p> - -<p>“<i>Is thy servant a dog that he should do this thing?</i>” That was the -tone of Bryan’s indignant reply whenever he was asked whether he would -follow his party if it deserted its principles.</p> - -<p>Alas! The heroics sounded well—but where was the hero?</p> - -<p>We admit that Bryan made a great fight against the Ryan-Belmont -hirelings in the Democratic National Convention of 1904. His forensic -powers are of a high order, and they were magnificently displayed in -that debate. But he wasn’t true grit, wasn’t dead game,—did not prove -himself a thoroughbred. No, he is not the kind of bird that dies in the -cock-pit; he showed the “dominecker.”</p> - -<p>Had he met Parker’s gold telegram with a defiant, “I accept the -challenge! Let those who are true to Democratic principles follow me -out of this Convention!” he would have smashed the Ryan-Belmont slate, -forced Parker out of the lists, won the nomination for himself, and -<i>might</i> have been President.</p> - -<p>But he sunk the popular hero into the party hack,—let them put the -harness on, hitch him up and drive him in a direction that his record, -his vows and his convictions made it a disgrace for him to travel.</p> - -<p>Then came the speeches in which he said as much in favor of Parker as -he had said against him,—and Parker had not changed a bit. The change -was <i>there</i>, and it was vast,—but it was in Bryan.</p> - -<p>Then came the swing backwards to radicalism again. Bryan spoke at -the Jefferson Day banquet in Chicago in 1906 and said that the time -had come for the Democratic party to declare itself in favor of the -Government Ownership of the railroads. He advanced the proposition that -the states should own the local lines while Uncle Sam ran the trunk -lines. This absurd plan was the burden of the Bryan talk and Bryan -editorials for more than a year,—long enough for the whole country to -realize what an impractical “statesman” he is. So ludicrous a “break” -queered him still further with the men of the business world, and told -heavily against him in the campaign of this year.</p> - -<p>Then, after his home-coming speech in Madison Square Garden, he made -his final declaration in favor of Government Ownership. Having toured -Europe and witnessed the advantages of State-owned public utilities, -his own convictions in favor of that system had been strengthened. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p> - -<p>But Democratic editors and politicians raised a Bourbon outcry against -Government Ownership, and Bryan, after shuffling about awhile, took to -the woods.</p> - -<p>Then he fell in love with the Initiative and Referendum. Mightily -in favor of giving Direct Legislation to the people was Bryan. But -again the Bourbons raised their hands in holy horror, and again Bryan -flunked. “Willing to teach the children that the earth is flat, or that -it is round, whichever a majority of the School Board prefer”;—that’s -the kind of pedagogue partisan politics has made out of W. J. B.</p> - -<p>Then we heard him endorse Roosevelt, and agree with the President -that Congress ought to pay the campaign expenses of the two old -twins,—Chang and Eng,—and that honest bankers should be punished -for crimes <i>they</i> didn’t commit, and that the Government should not -establish Postal savings banks but should perpetuate the National banks!</p> - -<p>Then we saw him dictate the Denver platform which is more Hamiltonian -than the Parker platform of 1904, and less favorable to the masses -than the platform of Mr. Taft. We saw him choose a Standard Oil tool -for the Chairmanship of his Finance Committee; we saw the Tobacco -represented on the same Committee; we saw him courting David B. Hill, -Judge Parker, Charles Murphy, Pat McCarren and “Fingy” Conners; we -saw him yoke up with the liquor interests in Maine, Indiana and Ohio; -we saw him change his whole political creed until Ryan, Belmont, -Harriman and Rockefeller had nothing to fear from him, and we saw him -conduct a campaign in which he stood for no distinct vital <i>democratic -principle</i>, whatever. Then we saw him dodge when the President asked -him, through the newspapers, how he stood on the Pearre bill which -seeks to have Congress declare that a man’s business is not entitled to -the same protection as his property. Impaled on that point, Bryan could -do nothing but squirm.</p> - -<p>Then indeed, he lost out with level-headed men of all parties.</p> - -<h4>II.</h4> - -<p>Burdened with the record of his own instability, Bryan this year lost, -practically, everything excepting the South. True, he got Nevada (two -electoral votes,) and Colorado (five votes,) and Nebraska, (eight -votes,) but this state he carried by making a piteous, tearful personal -appeal,—and even then he got only a plurality, not a majority, and ran -far behind the Democratic State ticket; but the West has repudiated -him, just as the South and East have done.</p> - -<p>It would not be worth while to dwell upon the humiliation of that -political serfdom which kept the South in the Bryan column.</p> - -<p>The South voted for Bryan, <i>and is glad he wasn’t elected</i>. Everybody, -who knows anything, knows <i>that</i>. The fact ought to be able to -penetrate the conceit of Bryan himself.</p> - -<p>But is the fact important? It <i>is</i>, for its first consequence will be -the elimination of Bryan, and its second will be the restoration of the -South to her historic position in the Republic. It is the beginning of -Southern self-assertion; the end of her political nullity.</p> - -<p>Never again can Mr. Bryan hope to secure the support of the South. -His record makes it impossible for her delegates to acquiesce in his -nomination.</p> - -<p>This being so, the Bryanites of other sections will recognize the folly -of nominating him—for without the Solid South no Democrat can hope to -win the Presidency. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p> - -<p>When Bryan adopted that policy of Africanizing the Democratic party, -he drove nails into his political coffin. The facts were not aired by -the Southern papers during the campaign, but Bryan will hear from them -when he bobs up serenely and goes after a fourth nomination. Ever since -the Civil War, the Democratic party in the South has claimed to be the -white man’s party. Because it was feared that a division of the whites -into two parties would result in giving to the negroes the balance of -power, the Southern people have allowed the Democracy of other sections -to legislate against our interests, to ignore our industrial existence, -to rob our producers under forms of law, to foist upon us candidates -not of our choosing, and platforms which we detested.</p> - -<p>The Democrats of other sections were permitted to treat us as though we -belonged to them, <i>because</i> we feared to divide into two competitive -white parties,—feared Negro Domination.</p> - -<p>For thirty years the South has been struggling to establish White -Supremacy, and to diminish the political importance of the negro.</p> - -<p>Yet in this campaign of 1908 we heard Bryan’s lieutenant, Henry -Watterson, declare that <i>the time had come for the Negroes to divide and -thus increase their political importance</i>. The whole Bryanite campaign -was pitched to that key. “The time has come to increase the political -importance of the negro!”</p> - -<p>In other words, the Bryanites deserted the Democratic position on -the negro question, and went over to the Thad Stevens-Sumner position, -at the very time that the Republicans, led by Roosevelt and Taft, were -coming over to the Southern view. We saw Bryan flirting with the -negro leaders, and seeking to make a Democratic asset out of the resentment -which they felt because of Roosevelt’s pro-Southern position on the -matter of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. We likewise -saw Mr. Bryan witness with seeming approval, the parade of negro -clubs on whose banners were displayed extracts from Foraker’s speeches -denouncing the President for his dismissal from the army of the black -brutes who on their way to Brownsville insolently declared “When we -get there all the women will look alike to us, white, black and Mexican”; -and who put a climax to a series of outrages and threats by shooting -up the town—killing one man at his own gate, bringing down the Chief -of police with a shattered arm, riddling hotel and private houses with -bullets; and terrorizing men, women and children.</p> - -<p>Yes, we saw Bryan receiving negro delegations who came to confer -with him about the negro soldiers; we saw the colored delegations -cordially met and hospitably entertained; and we heard them say, that -they were perfectly satisfied with the assurances which Mr. Bryan had -given them. They circulated, by the hundred thousand, a letter, bearing -the names of the most prominent negroes of the land, in which the statement -occurs that <i>“We have been in communication with Mr. Bryan for -weeks and have received satisfactory assurances from him” as to</i> -<span class="smcap">patronage, recognition, and the amendments</span>.</p> - -<p>Mr. Bryan must have been aware of the fact that this circular letter -was being used in his behalf. It is highly probable that his Campaign -Committee furnished the money which paid for the printing and the -mailing of it; and there is no doubt that the negro speakers who went -about asking for votes for Bryan, because of Brownsville and because -of the Southern Disfranchisement laws, were paid by the Bryanite Committee. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p> - -<p>It would have been a calamity to the country had the desperate tactics -of the Bryanites met with success. The impression would have been made -that the negro vote elected him, and there is no telling how far that -would have influenced Mr. Bryan in his official dealings with the negro -leaders.</p> - -<p>We must remember that he earnestly supported the candidacy of a negro -against a white man, in Nebraska. The negro got the office. It is said -that no such thing had occurred in Nebraska before.</p> - -<p>He educated his daughter and one of his sons at the Social Equality -“University of Nebraska,” and another of his sons is a student there -now. To this Social Equality College, Mr. Bryan annually donates two -hundred and fifty dollars.</p> - -<p>He has never uttered a word against the mixed schools of Nebraska -wherein the negro children are educated on terms of Social Equality -with the whites. He has never condemned the intermarriage of blacks and -whites. There is no law against it in Nebraska, and miscegenation is -common.</p> - -<p>Born and reared in Illinois, Mr. Bryan holds the anti-Southern view -of the race question. By birth, education and environment, he got the -belief that Social Equality is right, and he practices what he believes -when he sends his children to be educated along with the negroes.</p> - -<p>How can the South, knowing these things <i>as she now does</i>, ever support -Bryan again? To do so would be to reverse her position on that question -which to her is the most important of all. During the heat of the -campaign, Southern editors who knew of these things kept mum. It will -not be so when Bryan seeks the fourth nomination.</p> - -<p>In the next national convention of the Democratic party, the South will -not be run over as the Bryanites ran over her at Denver.</p> - -<p>If she demands the Vice-Presidency in 1912, it won’t go to the attorney -of the Brewers’ Combine of Indiana. If Lincoln’s name should again be -lugged into the Convention, it will again be honored, but when the -name of Robert E. Lee is mentioned it will not be hooted and hissed. -Democrats of the other sections may not be pleased by the attitude of -Southern delegations, but we venture the prediction that no Haskell -brass-bands will insult them by tauntingly playing, “<i>Marching thro’ -Georgia</i>.”</p> - -<h4>III.</h4> - -<p>But it is not such a misfortune to Mr. Bryan that he will never be -President. Several millions of very respectable men share that lot with -him. He is rich,—the only man that ever got rich doing reform work. In -Bryan’s case, indeed, there has been no reform work,—just floods of -talk about it.</p> - -<p>He has friends everywhere, has no personal enemies, is of sanguine -temperament, is rounding out into a comfortable fatness, has no bad -habits, no gentlemanly vices, and is so unconsciously self-righteous in -all that he does that he fails to realize what bad taste he displays -when he introduces his wife’s name into a public speech and sets forth -at length her qualifications for the position of “First Lady in the -land.”</p> - -<p>Personally, we bear Mr. Bryan no ill will and wish him no harm, but it -is our deliberate opinion that his inordinate ambition for office and -his mistakes as a leader have done more immense injury to the cause of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> -reform. He destroyed the Populist party, he has wrecked the Democratic -party, he has driven thousands of Conservative men into the Republican -ranks, and thousands of radical Democrats and Populists to the -Socialists.</p> - -<p>His career has been rich in substantial rewards to Mr. Bryan himself, -but, on the whole, it has been the bane of Jeffersonian democracy.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div><a name="FOREIGN" id="FOREIGN"> </a></div> -<h3>Foreign Missions</h3> - -<p>The action of the South Georgia Conference of the Methodist Church in -voting $65,000 to Foreign Missions, last week, moves the <i>Jeffersonian</i> -to say another word upon that subject.</p> - -<p>Some time ago, the New York <i>World</i> published a statement to the effect -that, out of every ninety dollars contributed in this country to the -Foreign Mission fund, only one dollar reached the heathen. This is a -sweeping arraignment of the honesty and efficiency of the management of -the funds which we are not prepared to indorse.</p> - -<p>Our criticism follows a different line. The question raised by the -<i>Jeffersonian</i> is this,—<i>What moral right have American Christians to -leave their own poor</i>,—<span class="smcap">unfed, unclothed and unredeemed</span>,—<i>and -to drain off into foreign lands millions upon millions of American -dollars to feed and clothe and redeem the poor of those foreign lands?</i></p> - -<p>It is a most serious question, Brother.</p> - -<p>You tell us, as per formula, that we are commanded to carry the Gospel -to all the world. Granted. But where are we commanded to leave our own -poverty-stricken wretches to die like poisoned rats in their holes, -while we relieve the physical distress of the Chinese?</p> - -<p>What moral right have we to deny the beggar at our gate, and to heed -the plaint of the Chinese beggar?</p> - -<p>One of our private correspondents a little while ago, wrote us that a -certain preacher, whose attention he called to our statements on this -subject, declared that said statements “<i>were misleading</i>.”</p> - -<p>Wherein? They could not <i>mislead</i>. If what we have said about our -foreign missionaries furnishing food, clothing, medicine, fuel, etc., -to foreign “converts” is the truth, our people are entitled to know it.</p> - -<p>If our statements are false, <i>we</i> want to know it.</p> - -<p>A very prominent and able Baptist minister,—who has long been a -laborer in the Foreign Missions field,—and a well-known Methodist -minister, who has been similarly engaged, <i>are responsible for the -statements made by the Jeffersonian</i>.</p> - -<p>One of these noble men said that the most discouraging thing about the -Foreign Missions work was, that <i>when the rations to the “converts” -were cut off, the convert lost interest in the Christian faith</i>.</p> - -<p>What words could we employ that would arraign the system more severely?</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The idea of the <i>Jeffersonian</i> is that each nation of the world should -take care of its own poor. We are not responsible for pauperism, vice -and crime in China. There is no more reason why we should be taxed for -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> -<i>contributions to maintain a commissary</i> in Pekin or Hong Kong than in -Paris, Berlin or London. We leave to the French the task of providing -for the Parisian poor; we don’t think of supplying food, raiment and -medicine to Berlin paupers; and we consider it the duty of the English -to provide for London outcasts. Why, then should we virtually coerce -our American Christians into sending money to heathen lands for the -purpose of relieving the physical distress of the heathen?</p> - -<p>While penning this editorial, it occurred to us to glance at a New York -exchange, for the purpose of noting <i>some contemporaneous instance of -starvation, or of suicide because of hunger and lack of employment</i>. -The newspapers of the North have been gruesomely full of many ghastly -incidents of that kind.</p> - -<p>Yes, <i>there it was</i>, page 3, of the N. Y. Evening Journal, of December -4th, 1908.</p> - -<p>A white woman, sick and starving, and with a babe at her breast, fell -exhausted on Fifth Avenue,—the home-street of the richest men the -world has ever known. All of them are Christians. When prosecuted for -their criminal methods of taking other people’s property away from -them, they blandly perjure themselves, escape the feeble clutches -of the law, turn up serenely at church, next Sunday, and contribute -handsomely to Foreign Missions.</p> - -<p>The woman who fell starving, on the street where these richest of men -live, was named Mrs. Mary Schrumm. She was young, thinly dressed, and -<i>had not tasted food for two days. The child was nearly famished, -almost frozen and had acute bronchitis.</i> Her husband was out of work; -an old woman with whom she had found shelter had been given notice to -vacate; and Mrs. Schrumm had gone into the streets to seek refuge in -some one of the charitable institutions. <i>She had been turned away from -each of these that she could reach. She had begged that her babe, at -least, might be taken in. No; the babe was sick, and</i> <span class="smcap">they could -not take in a sick child</span>!</p> - -<p>God! And we talk about <i>what the heathen need! The hardest-hearted -heathen that Jehovah ever made are some of the seared hypocrites who -call themselves Christians.</i></p> - -<p>Denied everywhere, poor Mrs. Schrumm wandered about the streets, in the -bitterly cold wind, until she fell, completely tired out.</p> - -<p><i>Then</i>, indeed, charity had to sit up and take notice. The starving -woman was put into an ambulance, and carried to a hospital. <i>She</i> will -probably recover; her child will probably die.</p> - -<p>Then, <i>what moral right</i> have you to let such unfortunates as these -<i>fall starving in</i> <span class="smcap">your</span> <i>streets</i>, while you are sending -<i>hundreds of millions of dollars abroad to feed, clothe, physic and -make fires for the hungry, “thinly clad,” sick and shivering Chinese</i>?</p> - -<p>Doesn’t your own “mother wit” tell you that <i>Foreign Missions could -not consume such vast sums of money</i>, <span class="smcap">if the missionaries limited -themselves to preaching the gospel</span>!</p> - -<p>Put on your think cap, son.</p> - -<p>In the New York <i>World</i> of December 5, 1908, is reported the case of -George Schulze who shot himself to death, in spite of the pleadings of -his wife and children, because he was out of work, had tried in vain to -secure employment and was in despair.</p> - -<p>If these were not typical cases, we would not dwell upon them. But they -<i>are</i> typical cases, <i>and you know it</i>. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div><a name="TREASURE" id="TREASURE"> </a></div> -<h3>Treasure Trove</h3> - -<p>The writer of the ballad which the Jeffersonian presents to its readers -this month was Clara V. Dargan. She was born near Winnsboro, S. C., the -daughter of Dr. K. S. Dargan, descendant of an old Virginia family of -the highest standing. Her mother was a native Charlestonian of Huguenot -blood, and from her the poetess inherited vivacity, social charm and a -love for romance. The Dargan family was wealthy, but lost everything by -the war. Miss Dargan published many poems and short prose stories in -the periodicals of the time. In 1863, she was the literary editor of -the “Edgefield Advertiser.”</p> - -<p>One of her stories, “Philip, My Son,” was considered by so good an -authority as Henry Timrod to be equal to any story published in -“Blackwood’s.”</p> - -<p>“Jean to Jamie” seems to us almost the perfection of a poem of that -class. The pathos of it is so genuine, so unobtrusive and so deep that -one feels, instinctively, that the lines of the poem ran from the heart -of one who had suffered. Henry Timrod said of it, “The verse flows with -the softness of a woman’s tears.” The poem, published in 1866, has long -since been lost to current literature. Believing it to be a treasure -that ought to be recovered, we reproduce it.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="f150"><b>Jean to Jamie</b></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">What do you think now, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">What do you think now?</span> -<span class="i0">’Tis many a long year since we parted;</span> -<span class="i0">Do you still believe Jean honest-hearted—</span> -<span class="i2">Do you think so now?</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">You did think so once, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">In the blithe spring-time;</span> -<span class="i0">“There’s never a star in the blue sky</span> -<span class="i0">That’s half sae true as my Jamie,” quo’ I—</span> -<span class="i2">Do you mind the time?</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">We were happy then, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">Too happy, I fear;</span> -<span class="i0">Sae we kissed farewell at the cottage door—</span> -<span class="i0">I never hae seen you since at that door</span> -<span class="i2">This many a year.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">For they told you lies, Jamie;</span> -<span class="i2">You believed them a’!</span> -<span class="i0">You, who had promised to trust me true</span> -<span class="i0">Before the whole world—what did you do?</span> -<span class="i2">You believed them a’!</span> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">When they called you fause, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">And argued it sair,</span> -<span class="i0">I flashed wi’ anger—I kindled wi’ scorn,</span> -<span class="i0">Less at you than at them; I was sae lorn,</span> -<span class="i2">I couldna do mair.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">After a bit while, Jamie,—</span> -<span class="i2">After a while,</span> -<span class="i0">I heard a’ the cruel words you had said—</span> -<span class="i0">The cruel, hard words; sae I bowed my head—</span> -<span class="i2">Na tear—na smile—</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">And you took your letters, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">Gathered them a’,</span> -<span class="i0">And burnt them one by one in the fire,</span> -<span class="i0">And watched the bright blaze leaping higher—</span> -<span class="i2">Burnt ringlet and a’!</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Then back to the world, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">Laughing went I;</span> -<span class="i0">There ne’er was a merrier laugh than mine;</span> -<span class="i0">What foot could outdance me—what eye outshine?</span> -<span class="i2">“Puir fool!” laughed I.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">But I’m weary of mirth, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">’Tis hollowness a’;</span> -<span class="i0">And in these long years sin’ we were parted,</span> -<span class="i0">I fear I’m growing aye colder-hearted</span> -<span class="i2">Than you thought ava!</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">I hae many lovers, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">But I dinna care;</span> -<span class="i0">I canna abide a’ the nonsense they speak—</span> -<span class="i0">Yet I’d go on my knees o’er Arran’s gray peak</span> -<span class="i2">To see thee ance mair!</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">I long for you back, Jamie,</span> -<span class="i2">But that canna be;</span> -<span class="i0">I sit all alone by the ingle at e’en,</span> -<span class="i0">And think o’ those sad words: “It might have been”—</span> -<span class="i2">Yet never can be!</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">D’ye think o’ the past, Jamie?</span> -<span class="i2">D’ye think o’ it now?</span> -<span class="i0">’Twad be a bit comfort to know that ye did—</span> -<span class="i0">Oh, sair, would I greet to know that ye did,</span> -<span class="i2">My dear, dear Jamie!</span> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> -</div></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div><a name="ROLLO" id="ROLLO"> </a></div> -<h3>The Passing of Lucy and Rollo</h3> - -<p>Gentle reader, did you ever steep your mind in one of those Sunday -School hooks which were in circulation previous to our Civil War? If -not, ransack your grandmother’s garret until you find a specimen of -that Arcadian literature.</p> - -<p>The little boy in those blessed books never quarrelled, never had a -fight, never had dirty hands, and would have been inexpressibly shocked -had he made a conversational slip in grammar. He was an intolerable -angel in breeches—was this little boy of the Sunday school book. -<i>He</i> couldn’t “talk back,” nor handle slang, nor throw rocks, nor -skin-the-cat, nor ride the billy-goat, nor tie things to a dog’s tail, -nor put a pin in a chair for somebody to sit on. If the Bad Boy hit him -in the stomach, he wept meekly, quoted a text, and went home to his -mamma.</p> - -<p>In common conversation, the language of this Good Boy was drawn from -wells of English undefiled. Erasmus never used choicer words; and -Chesterfield was not more perfect in manners, than was this detestable -Good Boy.</p> - -<p>Among youths of his own age, he was a miniature Socrates, washed and -otherwise purified. Wisdom oozed from him in hateful streams. The -sagacity of sages sat on him with uncanny ease.</p> - -<p>When a grown man spoke to this Good Boy, the G. B. never replied until -he had lifted his right hand and ejaculated “Oh, Sir!” After the salute -and the “Oh, Sir,” came the response, which always did infinite credit -to the manners, mind and heart of this outrageously Good Boy.</p> - -<p>Life was an easy-going affair to the G. B. All things came his way. -He was virtuous and he was happy. Nothing ever occurred to soil his -clothes or tangle his hair. His nose never bled, he never bit his -tongue, never struck his funny-bone, never mashed his thumb with the -hammer, never had his drink to go the wrong way. He was never drowned -while bathing in the pond, for the simple reason that he didn’t “go -in” on the Sabbath. The Bad Boy “went in washing” on Sunday and was -drowned, as a matter of course.</p> - -<p>Daniel in the lion’s den was not safer amid the perils than was the -Good Boy among the ills which are incident to boyhood. Past vicious -bulls and snappish curs he walked serene and unharmed. Neither his gun, -nor his pony ever kicked him; neither the wasp, nor the bee, nor the -yellow-jacket ventured to sting him; nettles avoided his bare feet; no -boil came to afflict his nose, nor stye to distort his eye. No limb -of a tree ever broke under <i>him</i>, and gave him a nasty fall. He never -tumbled into the creek, nor snagged his “pants,” nor sprained his -ankle, nor cut his finger, nor bumped his head, nor walked against the -edge of the door at night.</p> - -<p>Nothing could happen to this insufferable Good Boy—nothing bad, I -mean. <i>His</i> shoes never blistered his heels, his hat never blew away, -he never lost his hand-kerchief, never had a stone-bruise, never missed -his lessons, never soiled his book, never played truant, and never ate -anything which caused him to clap both hands to a certain place in -front while he doubled up and howled. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p> - -<p>Oh, a pink of perfection was this odious boy of the ante-bellum Sunday -School books.</p> - -<p>And next to him in comprehensive unbearableness was the little girl who -was the counterpart of this little boy.</p> - -<p>Her name was Lucy. Or, perhaps, Marielle. Or, for the sake of variety, -Lucretia.</p> - -<p>And what a portentous proposition in pantalettes she was, to be sure!</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_024.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="400" /> - <p class="f120 space-below1">“Rollo, Lucy and Mariette went Together.”</p> -</div> - -<p>She talked just as exquisitely as did the Good Boy. Her selection of -words was artistic, and her grammar immaculate. If William Pitt’s -natural style was that of the “State Paper,” the colloquial standard of -Lucy, Lucretia and Marielle was that of Madame de Stael.</p> - -<p>She walked with primness; if she ran at all, it was with dignity; she -did not giggle, did not romp, never made a mud pie, never pinched the -Good Boy, and was such a formidable little thing, generally, that even -the Bad Boy never snatched her bonnet. Such a thought as that of -stealing a kiss from her never entered the head of <i>any</i> boy, good, bad -or indifferent.</p> - -<p>This unearthly girl always seemed an impossibility to me, after I -became a grown-up, until I chanced to read about the daughter of John -Adams, second President of these United States. Mr. Adams married a -stately woman whose name was Abigail. What else could you expect, if -not that a girl born to John Adams and his wife, Abigail, would be a -tremendous little girl from the very start? Her parents named <i>her</i> -Abigail,—as an additional guarantee against chewing gum, coca-cola, -slang, and tomboyishness.</p> - -<div class="figleft"> - <img src="images/i_025.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="262" /> - <p class="center">ABIGAIL ADAMS</p> -</div> - -<p>At the age of eighteen, we find Miss Abigail Adams writing about her -father as though he were some Sphinx or Pyramid that she had been viewing. -Please go slow, as you read what this young lady says of her own papa: -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> - -<p>“I discover a thousand traits of softness, delicacy and sensibility -in this excellent man’s character. How amiable, how respectable, -how worthy of every token of my attention has this conduct rendered -a parent, a father, to whom we feel due even a resignation of our -opinions.”</p> - -<p>Did you ever? Just try to put yourself at the view-point of a girl who -could calmly sit down and analyze her father, as a naturalist would -disjoint a rare beetle. Think of a daughter referring to her father as -“<i>this excellent man</i>,” and classing him “<i>respectable</i>”! Think of a -daughter dutifully conceding, in writing, that her dad is “worthy of my -attention” and “even a resignation of our opinions.”</p> - -<p>And, after all, she jumped from the sublime to the ridiculous by -marrying a man named Smith!</p> - -<p>But she has restored my confidence in the girl of the Sunday school -book. Lucy <i>did</i> appear on this planet in the flesh; and when she -talked and wrote her style was that of little Abigail Adams. Marielle -was not an impossibility, nor was Lucretia. Even that obnoxious Good -Boy was true to life—if John Adams’ description of his son John -Quincy is not too highly colored by paternal pride. After reading said -paternal description I can understand how it was that, while Henry -Clay made friends out of those whom he refused, John Quincy Adams made -enemies by his manner in granting favors.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>But no matter how many Lucys and Rollos existed prior to our War -between the States, it would be mighty hard to find a Lucy or a Rollo -now. Times have changed, manners have changed, types have changed. -What is responsible for the bold-eyed girl—the girl of loose speech -and loud manners? What is responsible for the irreverent boy—the boy -of the cigarette and of <i>the look which undresses every handsome woman -that he meets</i>? These are the boys that greet girls with a “Hello!” -and a leer that should offend. These are the girls who shout “Hello!” -to the boys, and who lie prone by the side of young men during a -“straw-ride” at night. Are all such maidens the daughters of mothers -who drink and gamble? Are all such youths the sons of men who have no -morals? By no means. Our whole social and industrial situation has -changed, and the people have changed with it.</p> - -<p>Would that I could believe that our Public System is guiltless in -this matter. Use your eyes as you pass a crowded academy and note the -conditions which make against common decency—to say nothing of that -deference and respect with which every properly trained boy should -treat members of the other sex.</p> - -<p>But there are causes deeper, more universal than the promiscuous mix-up -in the Public Schools. The centripetal power of class legislation is -drawing capital inward to the small centre of the Privileged. To the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> -masses is left a constantly smaller proportion of the nation’s annual -production of wealth. In turn, this law-made and abnormal condition -of things over-crowds the cities. In fact, rural life has become -so unattractive that the trend of population is <i>from the farm to -the town</i>. Every village has its surplus—the men and boys, white -and black, who have no visible means of support and who can not be -persuaded to work. In every town is the girl who hardly knows why she’s -there,—but she’s there.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_026.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="392" /> - <p class="f120 space-below1">“‘Oh! Look,’ cried Lucy.”</p> -</div> - -<p>And the pace-that-kills in the Chicagos and New Yorks is faithfully -represented, on a small scale, in each of our towns. Don’t all of us -know it? We do. But what is the remedy?</p> - -<p>The temperance people believe that whiskey is at the bottom of the -trouble. The church people believe that irreligion is the source of the -evil. The school teacher believes that education will save the day.</p> - -<p>But can not the student of human affairs see that the demoralization -incident to four years of civil strife shook our entire social system -like an earthquake? Did not the Spanish war light up,—luridly, -vividly, horribly,—the almost universal corruption which had seized -upon the body politic?</p> - -<p>“Eat, drink and be merry—tomorrow we die.” When a nation rings with -that cry, it is close to the whirlpool. “Let us have a good time!” The -man drinks and makes much of his food; the woman drinks and thinks a -deal about her eating; the boy drinks and knows the good dishes; the -girl drinks and daintily scans the menu. “Hello!” shouts the dashing -boy; “Hello!” answers the dashing girl, and off they hurry to some -place where talk, songs, pictures and conduct are “up-to-date,”—<i>and -in many and many a case the Hello couple are reeling hellward by -midnight</i>.</p> - -<p>Don’t we <i>know</i> that our statute-book is the Iliad of our woes? -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> - -<p>The few are wickedly rich while the many are helplessly poor, because -the laws have been made <i>for the purpose of bringing about that very -state of affairs</i>. There is a fierce struggle for existence which waxes -more desperate every year. <i>Men fight each other for a job, with a -ferocity like that of starving dogs fighting over a bone.</i> Girls are -forced into positions where delicacy of feeling is trampled out and -where it requires heroic courage to resist the tempters who are ever on -her trail to pull her down.</p> - -<p>Who does not know that the ten million dollars which one of our -religious denominations recently sent abroad for Foreign Missions would -be better employed if it were devoted to the breaking up of our hideous -marketing of white women to lewd houses? Who does not feel that the -hundreds of millions which our Government has spent in the Philippines -had better have been left in the pockets of the taxpayers here at home? -Who does not know that we ought to tremble for our future when we see -how our law-makers have been the willing tools of those who ruin the -millions of men and women, girls and boys, in order that a few hundreds -of ravenous rascals like Rockefeller and Carnegie and Havemeyer and -Ryan and Vanderbilt and Gould and Harriman shall each be richer than -any king ever was?</p> - -<p>Most of us <i>do</i> know it. Some of us have long been trying to arouse -the patient, victimized millions to a sense of their own wrongs. But it is -an uphill work. Some despair, some scoff, some are callous, some won’t -listen, some are timid, some are interested in keeping things as they -are, some think it is God’s will that a favored few should reach the -Paradise of unlimited riches while the unfavored multitudes sink into a -hell of eternal wretchedness.</p> - -<p>The lotus-eater’s plaint of “<i>Let us alone</i>” is to me as fearful as -that reckless, creedless, madly selfish cry “<i>Let us eat, drink and be -merry: tomorrow we die.</i>”</p> - -<p>Jay Gould contemptuously dismissed the suggestion that, some day, the -American people might rise in arms against its swinish plutocracy. Said -Jason, the cynical,</p> - -<p>“<i>I could hire one-half of the people to shoot the other half.</i>”</p> - -<p>The man who said that was not more contemptuous of us than are the -plutocrats who rule and rob us now. But perhaps what he said is the -truth. They manage to keep us divided, about half and half, in the -bloodless battle of ballots; perhaps, if it came to shooting they could -divide us the same way. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_028.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="488" /> - <div class="blockquot"> - <p class="f120">“He Certainly Was Good To Me.”</p> - <p class="author">New York <i>American</i></p> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"><h2 class="nobreak">A Survey of the World</h2></div> -<p class="f120">By Tom Dolan</p> -<hr class="r5" /> - -<h3>Congress Reassembles—The President’s Message</h3> - -<p>The attention of the sixty-first Congress was naturally given first to -the President’s annual document, which this year lost none of its usual -length. In its entirety it is a plea for centralization of governmental -authority in “the administration,” alleging that the nation cannot be -“in peril from any man who derives authority from the people and who -is from time to time compelled to give an account of its exercise to -the people.” Mr. Roosevelt should know, and does know, however, that -under our present manner of electing executives “the people” are as a -mass too indifferent, or too ignorant, to demand such an accounting -and until election by popular vote is incorporated as a principle of -proceeding, he is virtually suggesting a monarchy, upheld by a special -caste consisting of the holders of Federal office and the recipients of -Administrative favor.</p> - -<p>For the control of the trusts, he offers nothing new—nothing that he -has not already woven into the fabric of “my policies.” He denounces -the Sherman law, and believes in regulation and control by strong -central authority.</p> - -<p>On the question of the currency, he was pathetically weak and eagerly -willing to leave it to his monetary commission to “propose a thoroughly -good system which will do away with the existing defects,” and very -guardedly admits that there was a “monetary disturbance in the fall of -1907 which immensely increased the difficulty of ordinary relief.”</p> - -<p>On the labor question—a matter upon which Hamiltonians may much more -safely grow expansive than those of finance—Mr. Roosevelt declared -against child labor, for diminution of work on the part of women, and -a general shortening of the hours of labor and for an inheritance tax -that would help to equalize the burden of taxation which now falls -so heavily upon those least able to bear it. He commended highly the -intelligence of the labor vote, which refused to be “swung” as a -unit for any candidate and took occasion to pay his respects to Mr. -Taft as an ideal Judge. On protection to workingmen, Mr. Roosevelt -displayed a sympathetic attitude which does him much credit. “When a -workman is injured, he needs not an expensive and dreadful lawsuit, -but the certainty of relief through immediate administrative action. -No academic theory about ‘freedom of contract’ should be permitted to -interfere with this movement.” He urged Congress to pass without delay -an Employers’ Liability Law, which should serve as a model, covering -the District of Columbia.</p> - -<p>Among the old issues to which Mr. Roosevelt adverted were -recommendations pertaining to the preservation of forests and the -encouragement of industrial education. The Philippine policy is to -continue and independence is promised so indefinitely that it is -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> -apparent that no voluntary, relinquishment is ever intended. Both the -Parcels Post and Postal Savings Banks were favored, the former being -strongly urged.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_030.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="467" /> - <div class="blockquot"> - <p class="author"><i>Washington, D. C. Herald</i></p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Results—not the sinking of money for no adequate return—was stressed -as to inland waterways. Considerations in reference to public health -came in for a word, and the Pure Food Law was lauded in superlative -terms. The President advocated increased appropriations for educational -departments and for increasing the “now totally inadequate pay of our -judges.”</p> - -<p>Mr. Roosevelt advises abandonment of the idea of combining New Mexico -and Arizona into one State, and suggests that they each be given -independent Statehood.</p> - -<p>He averred that the nation’s foreign policy is “based on the theory -that right must be done between nations as between individuals.” This -is a specimen of “speaking softly.” The “Big Stick” follows almost -immediately in the almost frantic state of mind he seems to be in -concerning the needs for a great army and navy. Even the small boys -ought to be trained in rifle practice! If he had added the hope that -small girls would be taught to mould bullets and scrape lint, he would -have been patriotically sublime!</p> - -<p>That portion of his message which demands that members of legislative -branch of the government be prosecuted as are those in the executive, -and his sneer at Congress as being afraid of the Secret Service has -created intense excitement in both houses and the language used in the -message may be totally expunged from the records. Both Democrats and -Republicans concur in the disposition to ignore matters of party and -act in this matter, casting a stigma upon them all, as a whole. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p> - -<p>Mr. Roosevelt’s bold assertion that the Panama Canal is a model for all -work of that kind will meet many challengers. Philippe Bunau-Varilla, -formerly Panama minister to the United States, has just issued a -statement declaring that the Canal will cost $280,000,000 and that the -plan now being carried out, owing to the dangers from the Gatun Dam, -(which has already shown itself unreliable) “will result almost surely -in the greatest disaster in the history of public undertakings.”</p> - -<p>The President’s message, altogether, is like the President himself: -commendable in some respects, partisan to a degree and strong in -language rather than logic.</p> - -<h3>Reforming the House of Lords</h3> - -<p>Someone has said that every twentieth Englishman is a genius and the -balance dolts, or something of that tenor. The Special committee of the -House of Lords, in its report recommending a radical change in that -body, seems actuated by a desire to retain as many of the twentieth -type as possible and eliminate the rest.</p> - -<p>At present, this august body contains 618 members, consisting of the -royal princes, the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, two dozen -minor bishops, the English peers and those Scotch and Irish peers who -have been elected by their fellows to represent the nobility of these -respective countries.</p> - -<p>The committee each of the colonies send elective peers; that the -24 bishops elect one-third of their number to the Lords at each -Parliament. The Archbishops are to remain permanent features and about -130 hereditary peers are to be retained, including such as have held the -position of Cabinet minister, or of Governor-General of Canada, or -Viceroy of India or have enjoyed high positions in the army or navy; -and all who have served for twenty years in the House of Commons. Five -judges are to be added as “law lords” and of the remaining number 200 -are to be elected as representative peers.</p> - -<p>By this selective, as well as elective, method, the fittest in brains, -skill and ability would survive. It is equally probable, however, that, -so far as broad, progressive policies are concerned, a House of Lords -so made up would be even a greater handicap to the popular will than -as it stands today. The average Lord now accepts his seat therein with -that nonchalance which characterizes his attitude toward those other -favors of fortune which are his by birth. He feels no added pride and -seldom any real obligation to interest himself in measures that come -before the House. While he is an obstructionist, it is after a rather -passive fashion. To change this so as to make a seat in the galaxy of -Lords a prize to be contested for, while limiting the eligibles to -the race in the arbitrary manner proposed, would inevitably mean a -powerful governing body, supersaturated with class-consciousness and -hyper-sensitive to the faintest breath against its own aristocratic -dominance. The reactionaries would entrench themselves by electing the -most brilliant men of their own views. The lonely members from Canada, -Australia, New Zealand and South Africa would have slight influence in -shaping the destiny of the Empire as a whole and none as to England’s -domestic affairs. To public opinion, then, as now, the House of Lords -would be almost impervious. How, indeed, can any set of men taught to -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> -regard themselves, from infancy, as superior beings, be affected by the -ideas of the plebeians? They have always assumed their class to be the -natural governor and guardian of the hoi polloi. If the H. P. doesn’t -thrive, it’s not the fault of the nobility.</p> - -<p>It is no wonder that the House of Lords itself should be shamed over -the survival of a caste system which permits even an idiot, born to the -purple, to share the honors and responsibilities of membership in the -highest assembly of their government, but even those apologists who -maintain that the Britisher of rank feels obligations to humanity as -does no other public man must take fright at the proposed concentration -of power the new plan would insure. Certes, after many years of -thwarted hopes for bettering of general conditions, the patient English -people could only rise, in holy wrath, and abolish the House of Lords -altogether. And, as a real and permanent reform measure, why don’t they -do it now?</p> - -<h3>The German Incident Closed</h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“The toot of the Teuton is tootin’ no more,</span> -<span class="i1">All sober sits Berlin, beside the wild Spree;”</span> -</div></div></div> - -<p>The words of this classic were never more apropos. The ebullition of -German indignation over their Kaiser’s indiscreet interview, published -in the London Daily Telegraph recently, the salient features of which -were summarized in the December Jeffersonian, has subsided and the hard -words, as proverbial, have “broken no bones.” That something drastic -should be done to prevent such outbreaks in future, as well as to -reprimand the “Great War Lord” for the unfortunate garrulity, was the -generally held, resentful opinion; but <i>doing</i> it, was another matter, -unless the mincing of words between the Emperor and his Imperial -Chancellor could so be construed. After their meeting for the purpose -of discussing the matter, Von Bulow announced to the Reichstag that -he was convinced the Kaiser would hereafter “observe that reserve, -even in private conversations, which is equally indispensable in the -interest of a uniform policy, and for the authority of the Crown.” -This assurance was further bolstered by an official publication that -Emperor William “approved this statement” and “gave Prince Bulow the -assurance of his continued confidence.” This pacification the Reichstag -was apparently glad to accept, in lieu of a constitutional guarantee -of a check upon the Kaiser. During the national hysteria, when all -were alike guilty of lese-majeste, it was safe to join the popular -clamor. In his official capacity, no member of the Reichstag seemed -bold enough to attempt to storm the fortress of “Divine Right.” It -would have required a now impossible unification of opposing forces -in that body, under leadership fearless of the consequences to self, -to have magnified the disturbance into a real revolution in the -German government. So, on all sides, there was a refluencing tide of -displeasure—but the water-mark will remain for many a day to show that -patience has its limits even in a people of almost unexampled docility. -And, after having enjoyed a very carnival of free speech, they will -never again submit to the gagging which has heretofore obtained.</p> - -<p>Whether the Kaiser feels the humiliation accredited to him or not, is -rather doubtful. At any rate, he viewed the storm with superb outward -indifference, causing it to be understood, while he was enjoying -himself on a hunting trip with the heir to the Austrian throne, that he -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> -was “heedless of the exaggerations of public criticism which he -regarded as incorrect.” He is still The State—chance confidences with -interviewers notwithstanding. But his subjects may not be quite so -passive as before.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_033.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="299" /> - <p class="center space-below3">Freight Rates Increase</p> -</div> - -<h3>Events in China</h3> - -<p>One of the strangest, strongest characters in history passed from the -stage when the Dowager Empress of China, best known to us as Tsi An, -yielded to Death—her only conqueror—some time in November last. -Born a slave, the story of how her wit, beauty, determination and -utter unscrupulousness placed an empire boasting at least 400,000,000 -subjects at her feet, is well known. For fifty years she reigned an -absolute despot, while other nations rose and fell, maps were changed, -the tide of Occidental civilization began to beat down the ancient -barriers of her realm. Knowing that the summons had come to her, did -she yet stretch out her still powerful hand and remove the weakling -Emperor, whose demise preceded her own by so short a time? A physical -wreck—a virtual prisoner and perhaps the victim of some brain -stupefying drug, there were still dangers to be feared to the dynasty -she so long upheld, and all her record shows she would not have -hesitated at any step necessary to preserve the reign of the Manchus -and repel the efforts which reformers might make, through Tsai-ti’ien, -to hasten forward a foreign type of government. Much evil is said -of the Dowager Empress—and much evil perhaps she did, according to -some standards; yet she selected her ministers with some wisdom and -can scarcely be censured for refusing to let herself and the Chinese -masses—both intensely conservative—be harried into “reforms” for -which they were unprepared. The national and racial pride of such -highly informed Chinese as had received not only the education -appropriate to their class at home, but who had enjoyed foreign -advantages, is in nowise typical—and it must be remembered that Tsi -An was dealing with “teeming millions” indeed. She was not stubbornly -unprogressive, as various Imperial edicts issued within the past decade -demonstrated. Indeed, it was not long since that one assurance was -given that a Constitution would be granted within nine years.</p> - -<p>Prince Chun—named recently as regent, will link the ideas and methods -of the ancient Pure Dynasty with those which must prevail long ere -little Pu Yi, his baby Emperor, who toddled into the Manchu succession -the other day, can take the reins of government for himself. The people -have accepted the tiny monarch designed to continue the present dynasty -with no ill will. Chinese discontent has been constant for lo! these -centuries, for the Manchus are a foreign Mongol race, but the almost -simultaneous deaths of the nominal ruler and his iron-willed aunt, and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> -the installation of a three-year-old as puppet king, made comparatively -slight impression. Indeed, it is not likely that all China knows even -yet that there has been any change, so slowly does news travel in some -parts thereof. Under such torpid conditions, there may be uprisings -against Viceroys in certain provinces, but anything like a general -revolution will not in many years threaten the peace of the empire. -The emancipation of China will come through enlightened rulers; or be -deferred by intrigue within the Court. Three uprisings have taken place -against the Manchu rule, but they were all before foreign interests -and influence had intervened to give the yellow race a common cause -against white aggression and patriotic Chinamen and Manchus will prefer -a government by all the people rather than a mere change in the throne. -Unless signs speedily fail, no real “crisis” is imminent.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_034.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="496" /> - <div class="blockquot"> - <p class="center">“THE DONKEY IS A PATIENT ANIMAL.”—<i>W. J. Bryan.</i></p> - <p class="author space-below3">New York <i>World</i></p> - </div> -</div> - -<h3>The Japanese Alliance and Elihu Root</h3> - -<p>“The people of the United States hold for Japan a peculiar feeling of -regard and friendship” wrote Theodore Roosevelt after the visit to -himself and Elihu Root of Baron Kogoro Takahira, Japanese Ambassador, -last September. After much that has seemed unnecessarily subterranean -in the negotiations between Takahira and the Secretary of State, -admissions have been wormed from official sources that these gentlemen -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> -have consummated a pact that is variously regarded as a miracle of deft -diplomacy; a dangerous entangling alliance or as a farcical declaration -of non-binding intentions.</p> - -<p>Subjected to examination, the “agreement” covers the following main -points, stated in brief:</p> - -<p>A mutual wish to “encourage the free and peaceful development of their -commerce in the Pacific.”</p> - -<p>Since the imperialistic idea is that peace is best preserved by being -prepared for war, this “peaceful development” inevitably means to the -United States a vastly increased naval burden. No less if Japan be -honest than if she be insincere.</p> - -<p>The second article declares for the maintenance of the existing status -quo and the “defense of the principle of equal opportunity for commerce -and industry <i>in China</i>.”</p> - -<p>Has the Chinese boycott of Japanese goods anything to do with this? -Takahira or Marquis Katsura, Japanese premier, please answer.</p> - -<p>The third article obligates each nation to respect the territorial -possessions in the Pacific of the other.</p> - -<p>What territorial possessions has Uncle Sam save the Philippines, whose -loss would be a good riddance?</p> - -<p>The fourth article is nothing more than an elaboration of the second.</p> - -<p>The fifth article reveals the purpose, the strength and the danger, -of the understanding in that it pledges each government, should the -present regulations in the Pacific be disturbed in anywise, “or the -principle of equal opportunity, as above defined” be threatened, “to -communicate with each other for the purpose of arriving at a mutual -understanding with regard to the measures they may consider it useful -to take.”</p> - -<p>Realizing that no treaty outright could be made without Senatorial -indorsement and that this would mean a departure from all American -tradition and policy, Elihu Root has framed a skillful document which -creates a binding promise to consult Japan in any issue that may arise, -while it escapes the odium that would attach to an actual alliance now. -The real alliance would be precipitated whenever emergency, real or -seeming, made it easily and logically possible to invite the conference -“with regard to the measures they may consider it useful to take.” It -ties this American Republic to an Asiatic despotism in a manner both -unseemly and unnecessary. Nothing is gained that we did not have and -the sacrifice of our best traditions is saddening.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>It is not so much the complications that are to be feared, even though -Russia also fronts the Pacific; even though England and China have -doubtless concluded an alliance of their own and even though other -world powers have interests in the Orient which they jealously guard. -Australia has long viewed Japan with doubt and aversion and the news -of the step taken by the United States will probably shatter a real -friendship, based upon white blood and mutual ideals, that could have -been cemented between that independent colony and our government. Even -though the agreement had no untoward consequence, it is a melancholy -fact that the American people have surrendered their constitutional -right to govern themselves or control their policies as to other -nations. Mr. Root has formed an alliance binding in fact,—and evading, -by subterfuge, any terms upon which the Senate could base an action. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p> - -<p>In this, Mr. Root has again shown his famous sleight-of-hand -performance, “Now you see it and now you don’t!” The intention to -exploit China, by peaceful means, if possible, but to exploit, is -clear; as is the understanding that Korea and the Philippines are to -be left to their respective masters. Yet, scan the treaty again and it -appears beautifully benevolent. It is indeed a piece of handiwork of -which a corporation henchman may be proud as it more than sustains his -reputation for ability to advise his clients how to make illegal moves -without breaking the law. In the more elegant language of William C. -Whitney, of New York, who was familiar with the promotion of divers -deals: “I have had many lawyers tell me what we could not do, and what -the law forbade. Elihu Root is the first Lawyer I ever had who could -always tell me how to do legally what we wanted to do.”</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_036.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="381" /> - <div class="blockquot"> - <p class="f120">The Treaty Making Power Lies With Congress</p> - <p class="author space-below3">Baltimore <i>Sun</i></p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Such is the record of the man who is to succeed Thomas C. Platt, -as Senator from New York, Timothy L. Woodruff having been forced -gracefully to renounce his claims. It will be a relief to get rid of -the disgusting septuagenarian, Platt; but is a profound pity his -successor should not be a man in whom the people have confidence. Root -has always been a wily corporation lawyer; he has just completed an -alliance in contravention of the spirit of the Constitution and is -being elevated to the Senate through Federal patronage.</p> - -<p>He may serve his country well—but the leopard will have to change a -good many of his spots.</p> - -<h3>The Standard Oil Inquiry</h3> - -<p>“It was a bad year for the trusts,” wrote Edward Sherwood Meade, -Professor of finance in the University of Pennsylvania, at the close of -1907. In support of his comment, Prof. Meade cited the $29,000,000 fine -levied against the Standard Oil, of Indiana, by Judge K. M. Landis, -and the proceedings instituted to dissolve the Oil and Tobacco trusts. -As is well known, Judge Grosscup, of the United States Circuit Court -of Appeals, reversed Judge Landis on technicalities and the Company -was saved from the imposition of the fine through what was universally -execrated as a gross miscarriage of justice. Attorney-General Bonaparte -at the time expressed himself freely in demanding of Congress the -enactment of “a more comprehensive law permitting appeals by the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> -Government in criminal cases,” instead of the present statutes which -“give to the wealthy defendants in such cases an unfair advantage.” -So 1907 was not such a bad year for the Standard Oil,—but a most -profitable one, as the favor extended it in the Indiana suit enabled -the stock of the Company to soar to nearly 700 forthwith.</p> - -<p>The proceedings in the latter part of 1908 by the Government to -dissolve the Standard Oil are the most important ever instituted -against this odious monopoly. It is almost incredible that, after 20 -years of immunity, John D. Rockefeller should be forced to “show cause” -why he should no longer be allowed to pursue his taciturn, undisputed -spoliations. Frank B. Kellog, champion “trust-buster” has charge of the -investigations which thus far have presented something the appearance -of opera bouffe. The figures juggled with are so enormous, and the -“forgetfulness” of Rockefeller, Archbold and other testifiers such -conspicuous examples of humorous insolence, that the public mind is -unprepared to hope for a satisfactory outcome to the investigation. -The present administration has but a couple of months more in which to -make its denunciations against the Standard Oil effective, after years -of apparently righteous wrath and no one is greatly to be blamed for -adopting a cynical attitude as to the expected result.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>It <i>has</i> been a bad year, this closing 1908, for the Tobacco folk. -The victory of the tobacco growers of the Burley district of Kentucky early -in December over the American Tobacco Company proves what a determined -stand may accomplish on the part of the producer, without entering the -Courts at all. It is safe to say that this Christmas will have been one -of the happiest ever spent by the farmers of Kentucky, among whom some -$20,000,000 will be circulating for tobacco grown and held over, some -of it, for nearly two years. It will make for a peace and good-will in -very truth, for the “night-riding” is considered at an end.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Capitulation to the tobacco growers of a limited section, however, -is the least of the American Tobacco Company’s troubles just now, -it having been declared, in suit brought by the government for its -dissolution, to be a “combination in restraint of trade” which is -amenable to the provisions of the Sherman Act of July 2, 1890. Appeal -from this decision is being taken to the Supreme Court and upon the -result of this “last resort” will hinge all that is vital in reference -to the ability of the government to control the various kinds of -industrial combinations engaged in inter-state traffic.</p> - -<p>Judge Lacombe, in voicing the majority opinion of his Court, -observes that: “By insensible degrees, under the operation of many -causes, business, manufacturing and trading alike, has more and more -developed a tendency towards larger aggregations of capital and more -extensive combinations of individual enterprise. It is contended -that, under existing conditions, in that way only can production be -increased and cheapened, stability in reasonable prices secured and -industrial progress assured. But every aggregation of individuals -or of corporations, formerly independent, immediately upon its -formation terminates an existing competition; whether or not some -other competition may subsequently arise. The Act, as above construed, -prohibits every contract or combination in restraint of competition. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> -What benefits have come from this combination, or from others -complained of, it is not material to inquire, nor need subsequent -business methods be considered, nor the effects on production or prices.”</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_038.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="472" /> - <div class="blockquot"> - <p class="author space-below3">Washington <i>Herald</i></p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Judge Noyes, who agreed with Judge Lacombe, says, in addition: “It -is of much importance to many people at the present time whether the -defendants have entered into an unlawful combination. It is OF THE MOST -MOMENTOUS IMPORTANCE TO ALL THE PEOPLE FOR ALL THE TIME WHETHER THE -NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAS POWER TO REACH INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS DEALING -ACROSS STATE LINES.”</p> - -<p>In his dissenting opinion, Judge Ward took the position that the -purposes of the defendants “should not be made to depend upon -occasional illegal or oppressive acts, but must be collected on their -conduct as a whole.” That they strove “to increase their business and -that their great success is a natural growth resulting from industry, -intelligence and economy, doubtless largely helped by the volume of -business and the great capital at command.”</p> - -<p>What view will the Supreme Court take? That “restraint of trade” <i>is</i> -“restraint of trade” or that that it is <i>not</i> “restraint of trade” -if only a few laws are broken, only a few competitors hurt and if -defendants are not suffering for want of money? -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Haytian Revolution</h3> - -<p>Amid a fanfare of banjos, a rattling of “de bones” and the patting -of the Juba, General Simon entered the Presidential Palace at -Port-au-Prince, capitol and chief city of Hayti, early in December, -thus triumphantly concluding a decisive rebellion during which Nord -Alexis, recent dictator, was forced to flee for refuge to a French -vessel. Simon’s election to the Presidency by the National Assembly -will follow, as a matter of mere detail, providing neither General -Firman, General Fouchard nor other “General” of opposing armies which -contain no privates at all, pulls off another revolution before -breakfast. This is a fearsome possibility, though, inasmuch as the -countries to which these heroes may be induced to repair as ministers -are limited; and the aspirants for the dictatorship are unlimited; -besides, there may be a crop of the deposed ministers wending their way -homeward to hatch up more plots—and how may all be pacified? Moreover, -it had been six long, weary years since Hayti had any revolution to -speak of and the appetite of the Black Republic for such diversions is -not easily appeased. Serpent worship may pall and the charm of Voodoo -rites wax monotonous. A chance to burn and pillage now and then helps -amazingly to relieve the dulness of the island.</p> - -<p>Hayti continues an object lesson in the progress that civilization -makes when left to the care of the brother in black. It is a chunk of -“Darkest Africa” left festering on the seas. The conditions there being -so terrible, even in non-revolutionary periods, there are almost no -white residents whose presence, in larger numbers, would force other -governments to a summary clean-up of the nauseous spot. U. S. cruiser -Tacoma has been dispatched to St. Marc and Gonaives to extend -protection to those who may be in distress and to quell further -threatened rioting.</p> - -<h3>The Virginia Decision</h3> - -<p>How far practice had departed from the equitable principle that all -remedy in the State Courts must be exhausted before complainants might -appeal their case to the United States Courts, is emphasized by the -impression amounting almost to a sensation, produced by the decision, -on November 30th last by the Supreme Court covering the Virginia -railway rate case, wherein an injunction had first been obtained by the -corporation from a lower Federal Court, preventing the enforcement of -the two-cent rate prescribed by the Railway Commission of the State. -This restraining order was passed May 14, 1907, and the effect thereof -was to prevent the exercise of the Railway Commission’s legitimate -control over the passenger traffic of their State until now. The rebuke -to Federal Judge Pritchard, who granted the injunction, in the reversal -of his findings in favor of the railroad comes from a source which -the American people have desired to esteem as their highest source of -justice, and will have admirable effect. Not only will it do much to -allay the irritation and the distrust which has been growing for many -years against this tribunal, but it will have most salutary effect -upon insolent Federal Judges and ruthless corporations. The injunction -has been their sword and buckler. Ignoring the State Courts, they have -rushed to obtain injunctions against the enforcement of any measure -they happened to dislike. Armed with the premature mandate of a Federal -officer, they have defied public opinion and the sovereign authority -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> -which created and nurtured them. A firm check on the abuse of the -injunction, had become a crying necessity, if the public were to -respect wise injunctions and uphold the law.</p> - -<p>The decision has been hailed with what could honestly be called -“pleased surprise”—so many disappointments had led to the belief that -corporate interests were obliged to triumph. Wide-spread approval -has been accorded the ruling. In a few instances criticism has been -proffered, to the effect that the points over which the case originally -occurred are unsolved and that the question of railroad regulation is -as misty as before. These are matters, however, which do not touch the -principle of State’s redress first, which was universal before the -misconstruction of the 14th Amendment made possible such usurpation of -authority as the one for which Judge Pritchard has been called down.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Other interesting court decisions have taken place within a short -period. The New Jersey Court of Appeals, for instance, has considered -a knotty problem relative to its collateral inheritance law. Philo -Miles, a British subject, died in London, leaving a considerable amount -of stock in a New Jersey corporation and the lower courts held that -the tax could be levied upon same. The Appellate Court negatived this -conclusion on the ground that personal property which includes stocks -and bonds must follow the situs of the owner and be taxed “there and -there only.” They held that if every State could levy an inheritance -tax upon the full estate of the deceased, his personal property being -returned in the inventory of the executor or administrator, the estate -of the deceased could be taxed as often as there were States in which -he chanced to have personal property at the time of his death. This -would, of course, be inconceivable.</p> - -<p>It would be helpful to know just how England, which has a National -and effective inheritance tax, will manage with the property held in -New Jersey by the late Mr. Miles. Much of the wealth of her citizens -is represented by stocks in American corporations, mortgages upon -American property and like personal effects. Possibly the heirs are -more scrupulous in returning such property for taxation than are our -own rich men, who think no wrong of sending out of the State all -personalty for long enough to swear tax statements that are true in the -letter, but utterly false in fact. To evade municipal taxation, they -do not hesitate to take their securities outside the corporate limits -for a day or so. The owner of a home or farm may not escape bearing -the burdens of government, but those who derive annual fortunes from -dividends upon “personal property” go scatheless.</p> - -<p>A national inheritance tax, with stringent provisions to enforce it, -would go a long way toward evening things up.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_041.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="473" /> - <div class="blockquot"> - <p class="f120">A SOCIAL CALL</p> - <p class="author space-below3"><i>New York World</i></p> - </div> -</div> - -<h3>“Holland Making Faces.”</h3> - -<div class="figleft"> - <img src="images/i_042.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="298" /> - <p class="center">TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT</p> - <p class="center">The hand of the law will<br /> get old John D. himself yet.</p> - <p class="author">—Minneapolis Journal.</p> -</div> - -<p>Dainty and attractive are the naval maneuvers indulged in by the little -Queen of Holland against the Venezuelan government these days. If not -to the entire satisfaction of The Hague, at least they will win her -high plaudits from the Red Cross Society. For where was ever such -consideration shown as has been displayed by this firm, feminine foe -to the blustering South American President? That he has been perfectly -horrid to her, all will admit. It is true that he has been entirely -within his rights in that trans-shipment decree, for the regulation -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> -of the internal commerce of his own country is a prerogative which -the most modest executive might safely claim; but it is likewise -indisputable that it has seriously crippled the thrifty Dutch merchants -of Curacoa; and, anyhow, Castro need not have been so overbearing -about it, which was no way to handle a situation of that delicacy. He -should have admitted that he was wrong, begged forgiveness and then, -of course, <i>she</i> could have been no less magnanimous than to have told -the sturdy burghers of Williamsted that they must cease to cry over the -milk that somebody else had a right to spill; she would have outdone -his courtesy by her sweetness and all would have been well. But some -men even when Presidents, fail to understand that women are women, even -when queens, and so he was uncouth when the situation simply begged -for <i>noblesse oblige</i>. Nevertheless, when Castro fell ill, Wilhelmina -deferred her vengeance until he had gone to consult European surgeons. -No rattling of guns or clanking of sabres if the enemy had a headache; -no furore that might disturb the quiet of his citadel.</p> - -<p>Now her fleet sails nattily over the Caribbean, to the vast interest of -vice President Gomez, left in charge of Venezuela, and of the world at -large. To coarse, husky individuals, this seems a strange proceeding, -perhaps, but those cast in more delicate mold will realize that -Wilhelmina kept the navy tied to her ample apron strings till now, lest -the clatter of wooden sabots over the hard, white decks, might make -Castro nervous. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> - -<p>Seriously, it seems that Holland is doing little more than making a -demonstration the purpose of which is uncertain. After simmering so -long, the trouble between the two countries could hardly cool off, -with dignity to Holland, without revocation or modification of the -shipping regulations, intervention by other powers or a goodly show -of resentment. If Holland is saving her face by the latter means, who -could be sorry? No one doubts the courage of her people, nor that -they would be met by no mean resistance in attempting to shell the -Venezuelan forts and brave blood should not be spilled in a cause that -seems so entirely within the scope of arbitration.</p> - -<h3>A Word About Sectarianism</h3> - -<p>That England in the present Century should be undergoing a hard-fought -battle over the matter of religious control over her public schools -proves the tenacity of sectarian clutch when Church and State join -hands in bonds of government. The new educational bill which has passed -a second reading in the House of Commons is a compromise measure -which embraces a Nonconformist concession to the church of what is -known as “the right of entry” which permits parents or guardians to -request denominational instruction for their children during certain -hours—teachers being expected to volunteer for this service. On its -side, the church relinquishes control of the schools and the abolition -of all religious tests for the teachers. The British public is still -stolidly Episcopalian and that Church yields slowly any of its -prerogatives. The bill, if enacted into law, will therefore not make in -years any appreciable change in the practical status of the schools, -but will enable those objecting to enforced religious teachings to have -their sentiment respected. The use of public funds for denominational -instruction is without doubt one of the most vicious forms of -intellectual slavery to which any people may be forced to submit.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Yet this very slavery is openly advocated for America today by Cardinal -Gibbons, of the Roman Catholic Church, who desires the public schools -to be wholly denominational and supported by the government. Small -wonder, then, that Mr. Roosevelt’s characterization as “bigotry” the -refusal of anyone to vote for a Roman Catholic for the presidency has -met with profound disapproval. Nowhere did he strike a “popular note” -and protests have been dignified, but severe. In the selection of -his creed, the citizen has been given unhampered choice, but in the -restriction of those eligible to the high office of Chief Executive, -the people will continue to consider the preservation of their -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> -institutions of paramount importance. To democracy everywhere, and -in all the ages, the Roman Church, as an organization, has been the -consistent foe. Centralization of authority in the hands of puppet -monarchs under its control is its undeviating aim. No man who can -submit himself to the domination of a priesthood, and all that it -means, could be a safe president of a free republic.</p> - -<p>In candidacy for any office, a man must expect the opposition to make -capital even out of his religious affiliations, and it is true a few -silly Protestant preachers tried to do this in the case of Mr. Taft, -a Unitarian, but that the general mass of people gave his faith any -adverse thought is ridiculous. The Protestant vote divides along -political lines just as do those voters of no creed at all.</p> - -<h3>The Postal Deficit and Express Company Surplus</h3> - -<p>After a 200 per cent stock dividend declared by one express company -shortly ago and a surplus of some $30,000,000 in another, the -announcement of a 90 per cent increase in certain express rates will be -hailed with much joy. There seems to be a cheerful disposition on the -part of these corporations to treat the public to the Roosevelt-Straus -remedy for all monopolistic evil—publicity. At least, they are candid -and without blush over their unconscionable extortions so, obviously, -the admission that they have oppressed the public by unjust rates, and -intend still greater encroachments, ought to be sufficient to quell the -evil at once. Publicity, forsooth! So long as no actual infraction of -any law is involved, why may not a monopoly increase its schedules to -“all the traffic will bear?”</p> - -<p>The only good publicity in this instance may do is to stimulate a -dilatory and debilitated Congress to pass the Parcel Post enactment -recommended by Roosevelt and urged by Postmaster-General Meyer. Since -the express companies can annually “cut a melon” of enormous dividends; -and since the postal deficit for the fiscal year has reached the sum of -$16,910,000 it becomes probable that the long despised and antagonized -parcels post will loom up as perhaps the most practicable means of -helping the government out of the ditch.</p> - -<p>How very curious it is that all the “wild ideas” of the Pops come, one -by one, to be recognized as instances of wonderful foresight. If the -parcels post is going to be a good thing for the government, and an -invaluable thing for the common people in the future, it is pertinent -to ponder on how much ahead the department might be at the present -date, if the system had been adopted years ago. Instead of a deficit, -there might have been a neat balance, or a possible surplus, for Mr. -Meyer to offer as a result of the operations of the last fiscal year. -Of course, the franking privilege has been grossly misused for the -circulation of partisan literature favorable to the administration -which got the spoils of office; and the railroads clean up their pile -on the job of hauling the mails, but all these things but go to show -that the postal department, instead of being an argument against the -government taking over public utilities, is the strongest kind of an -argument in favor of so doing. If the government owned the railroads, -one avenue of dead loss would be closed; and likewise the elimination -of railroad rings from control of the administration would remove the -incentive to flood the mail with literature in the interests of such -corporations and other monopolies. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"><p class="f150"><b>THE BELLS</b></p></div> - -<div class="figleft"> - <img src="images/i_044.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="587" /> -</div> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i6">THE OLD YEAR BELLS.</span> -<span class="i0">Through the darkness, stealing, stealing,</span> -<span class="i2">Comes their cadence, soft and low,</span> -<span class="i0">While their music, pealing, pealing,</span> -<span class="i2">Falls in sadness on the snow;</span> -<span class="i0">Bid thee think of tasks neglected,</span> -<span class="i2">Tell thee of the work undone,</span> -<span class="i0">Of the hopes that have been shattered,</span> -<span class="i2">E’er the year its course had run.</span> -<span class="i0">Hear the bells! their voices saying:—</span> -<span class="i2">“Of thy hopes keep but the best</span> -<span class="i0">With the falling of our voices,</span> -<span class="i2">Sinks the Old Year to its rest.”</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i6">THE NEW YEAR BELLS.</span> -<span class="i0">Through the darkness ringing, ringing,</span> -<span class="i2">Come their voices bright and glad—</span> -<span class="i0">With their music bringing, bringing,</span> -<span class="i2">Thoughts that bid us ne’er be sad—</span> -<span class="i0">Bid us turn from thoughts of sadness,</span> -<span class="i2">For our dead hopes cease to sorrow;</span> -<span class="i0">Tell us of the dawn of gladness,</span> -<span class="i2">Hopes that brighten on the morrow.</span> -<span class="i0">Hear the bells! their voices saying:—</span> -<span class="i2">“Now the Old Year’s sunk to rest</span> -<span class="i0">With the pealing of our voices</span> -<span class="i2">Dawns the New Year,—that is best.”</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i18">Zarion E. Weigle.</span> -</div></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> - <div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_045.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="362" /> - </div> -<h2 class="nobreak">The Pipe of Zaidee</h2></div> - -<p class="f120">BY FRANK E. ANDERSON</p> -<hr class="r5" /> - -<p>“Mr. Lomax, seek your evening’s pleasure with me—”</p> - -<p>At this unexpected sentence in English, addressed to him by name in -Constantinople. Page Lomax wheeled sharply from the railing over which -he had been watching the shadows of silver minarets dissolve like -Cleopatra’s pearl in the Golden Horn, now amber as Rhine wine beneath -the dying sun. By his elbow stood a Turk, whose snowy turban capped -bold features from which only one eye glittered. A sabre scar, which -ran across the man’s cheek until it lost itself in his flowing beard, -accounted for the absence of the other. The fellow was of middle -stature, but powerfully made. A loose caftan hanging from his broad -shoulders framed within its folds of vermilion the white linen swathing -his chest and the orange sash—whence the arabesqued head of a stiletto -scolded at its neighbor, a Mussulman rosary of russet beads—and the -green trousers of zouave cut stretching to his saffron half-boots. He -extended a card, on which Page Lomax read:</p> - -<p class="center space-above1 space-below1">THE BRISTOL<br />Boulevard des Petit Champs,<br /> -PERA.<br />Hosein Aga, Chief Dragoman.</p> - -<p>“My hotel!” Mr. Lomax commented. “I reckon you’re all right.”</p> - -<p>So Mohammedan and Christian strode off together across the Sultana -Bridge, of which the uneven timbers were creaking with each undulation -of its ever-plashing pontoons. Except themselves, no living thing was -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> -on it other than gaunt dogs, which flashed snarling tusks at them as -they groped through the gathering twilight. Near the shore Hosein -whistled. Forthwith his negro bond-servant, Nakir, met them and bore a -torch before them to the Theatre Osmaniyeh, where actresses from Paris -were already in their final pirouettes. An infinite sadness possessed -Page Lomax, as he beheld these daughters of Europe dancing before the -sons of Asia, but his dragoman muttered:</p> - -<p>“I brought you not hither to witness the antics of those painted -harlots. My slave, Zaidee, will follow them.”</p> - -<p>While Hosein was speaking, Nakir set on the stage a wicker basket, -whence a brown and yellow cobra de capello wriggled forth. Hissing with -wrath, it sat up on its tail and spread its hood, embroidered with -the spectacles of Buddha. On its slender girth each false scale was -gleaming, as the creature coiled and, opening its savage mouth, bared -those bent fangs of which a mere scratch bestows that rest where no -dreams lift the tent-flap. Then Zaidee appeared. Timing her pace to the -weird tune throbbing from the reed between her lips, she neared the -viper, which launched itself viciously at her. But an invisible force -halted the snake. Falling in with the rhythm of her flute, it wavered -to and fro—a flame flickering in the wind—until the damsel stilled -her strains, when it lay quiet, so tamed that she wound it as a girdle -round her waist.</p> - -<p>“Her term of hire expires tonight,” quoth Hosein, “And I am about -convoying her to my villa. Would you spend some time in the home of a -Turk? Nakir, saddle Al Borak for Mr. Lomax.”</p> - -<p>Enveloped in a cloak but with no veiling yashmak, Zaidee was on her -palfry when they joined her. As Hosein turned to his own stirrup, the -girl shook her raven tresses at the newcomer and pointed at the gate, -with a gesture, which said: “Leave us!” He might have done so, had he -not intercepted the look which Nakir was bending on the maiden, as, -with a devilish grin, which distorted his sooty visage, he tapped the -whip at his belt. That was enough for Page Lomax. With generous folly, -he bestrode his horse for the adventure. On their arrival at the house, -Zaidee disappeared behind that ebony door, through which no male other -than Hosein might pass even in his thoughts. Again the bold young man -was foolhardy, for he gazed after her as one in a dream, from which, -however, he was roused by Nakir, who was striding toward him with an -executioner’s bow-string in his hand. But here Hosein interposed.</p> - -<p>“Put up your cord,” said he. “Mr. Lomax meant no offense. He is -unfamiliar with our Eastern etiquette, that’s all. The Ethiop,” he -continued, this time speaking to his guest, “shall guide you to your -bed.”</p> - -<p>The young man had fallen into a fitful doze, when he heard the pipe -of Zaidee, followed by the rattle of small pebbles against his -casement. An instant later, Nakir growled out hoarse words, which the -listener could not understand. But the sound of heavy blows, under -which Zaidee’s voice leapt into shrieks, then fell to sobs, needed no -knowledge of a foreign tongue to be understood. Page Lomax rushed to -the window. Jerking it open, he leaned out, but he could discern no one -and the unbroken stillness seemed deathly to his overwrought nerves. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p> - -<p>To his great relief, Hosein’s maid floated in before them at breakfast -the next morning. She came to dance, while they ate, as the raiment -which she wore showed but too plainly to even the inexperienced eye -of the American. From beneath a veil of fleecy gauze, which floated -back freely instead of hiding her face (as is the custom with Moslem -women), her loose locks rolled their midnight over her shoulders. Her -bell-shaped sleeves had wrinkled back from bare uplifted arms, on which -silver chains were throbbing in unison with the rising and falling of -her white bust, caught in the snare of the ample V in her tight scarlet -jacket. Below that, a third of her supple figure’s living satin blushed -in full sight above the dark-green band, which clasped in place her -divided skirt of pearly transparent stuff shimmering down thence to -her naked round ankles. For a brief space the girl drooped her head -and Page Lomax saw red shame feeding on her white cheek, while up from -the dark depths of her mysterious eyes bitter tears were welling. But -now hidden music swelled into a loud insistent fugue. With a faint -sigh, almost a sob, Zaidee drifted forward as slowly and as softly as a -summer cloud thro’ picture after picture of that old, old pantomime of -the Orient, which illustrates the one text, true in every creed, “Male -and female created He them.” With all his heart uncovered in his gaze, -the young man hung on her every motion until, with a brusque finale, -she snapped in twain the thread of wedded harmony and movement with the -whirling gesture of one hand pointed toward the threshold. Her agonized -glance searched his very brain. Her writhing lips syllabled the word, -“Depart!” Then she vanished.</p> - -<p>To Hosein, this posturing to music was nothing new. With a strange and -baffling smile, he had been scrutinizing Page Lomax, instead of Zaidee. -Now he leaned toward him.</p> - -<p>“Were I to judge you by your looks,” quoth he, “I would swear that -my Persian hussy has cast a spell upon you. Well, you shall hear her -story. Seven years ago we had a Holy War. I chanced to be at Khorsabad, -while our Circassian troops were there, uprooting from the garden -of the faith those weeds, the Yezidees. As I was nearing a cabin, -out strode one of our men. He was a strapping fellow, with big black -whiskers, and so tall that he had knocked awry his bearskin shako as -he forgot to stoop in coming forth. One hand held his sword, smoking -with blood. The other gripped Zaidee. Flinging her in front of me, -he roared: ‘Will you buy? She’s yours for thirty liras. But I warn -you—she’s the serpent-tamer’s daughter.’ Before I could answer, she -was clinging to my knees, screaming: ‘Oh! save me, save me from that -dreadful butcher!’ Well—I brought her home; but she’s but an ingrate. -These seven seasons have I labored to convert her to God and His -Prophet Mohammed, but I can not wean her from the faith of Zoroaster. -So this week I shall sell her at public auction, if I am bid a thousand -mejedieh for her. She’s worth that, if she’s worth a piastre.”</p> - -<p>The last word had hardly left Hosein’s lip ere Page Lomax had whipped -forth from his pocket his fountain-pen and traveler’s circular -cheque-book and was writing rapidly. Through eyes narrowed to a -contemptuous slit, the Turk watched his companion in silence, until the -latter had laid the writing on his lap, when he said: “What’s this for?” -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p> - -<p>“The girl,” replied Page Lomax. “That’s the price you named. The -Stamboul Branch of the Credit Lyonnaise will pay it to you in gold, -when you present this to it.”</p> - -<p>“Your swift Western way of trafficking is indeed bewildering to a slow -Turk,” rejoined Hosein, in honeyed tones, which barely hid a bitter -sneer. “<i>We</i> would have smoked our narghiles and drank coffee and -chaffered for a week, while as for you—<i>you</i> fire a cheque at one, -hair-trigger fashion. Nakir.” Here he turned to the sullen African, -“Get that cashed. The jade goes with the American hence. But, ere you -leave, Mr. Lomax. I must show you the most beautiful scene on earth, -so they say—Constantinople from a distance. And my own poor fields -have somewhat of charm, too, about them, I believe. Let me guide you -through them. You shall witness things, which—being strange—perchance -may thrill you as familiar sights can not. Nay, Nakir, there is no -haste about the cheque. Tomorrow will do. Get you now to the harem and -prepare Zaidee for her departure. Come, Mr. Lomax, we’ll fare forth.”</p> - -<p>At a pavilion, which was perched on the wrinkled lip of an abyss—a -sheer thousand feet in depth—the Turk paused and, with sweeping -gesture, brought to the notice of Page Lomax’s eye a range of lofty -mountains, which kissed the horizon at their left.</p> - -<p>“There!” he exclaimed. “Are not those sublime? But they are deadly, -too; for in them lurk huge spiders, as big as tigers and twice as -fierce. You smile, as if in doubt. I do not blame you. It <i>is</i> hard to -believe. But they are there. I am no zoologist, so I can not explain it, -but I have been told that spiders came ages ahead of man on this earth, -as their fossils are found in rock of the primary epoch, while we -appear first with the quaternary. If this be so, perhaps these ogres -are survivals of gigantic prehistoric spider forebears. But I don’t -pretend to know anything about it, except that they are there. No -hunter has ever tamed them; but I have caught and caged one. You shall -see it, before you leave. Look now to the right.”</p> - -<p>Afar off, yet perfectly plain in every line, thanks to the limpid -clearness of the air, lying in the arms of emerald meadows with her -head pillowed on undulating hills crowned with cypresses as brunette -as the Queen of Sheba, lay Constantinople, many-colored yet shimmering -iridescently under the sapphire tent of heaven, while the Golden Horn -poured the waters of the East at her pearly feet. So noble was the -sight that Page Lomax’s gaze lingered long upon it ere, following -the sky-line, it rested at last on a frowning stronghold, whence a -road wound down to a wharf at which a skiff was moored. So grim and -threatening was this heap of stone that the young man asked Hosein:</p> - -<p>“What is that old keep?”</p> - -<p>“That,” replied his host, “I have named the Tower of Vengeance. During -the late Muscovite war, my brother, Selim, held it as an outpost. But -the boy’s soldiers were too few, our supporting column too far away. At -dawn one day, the Russians hurled a regiment against it, stormed it, -butchered its garrison, fired it. I was too late to save the boy, but -I headed the cavalry, which cut off retreat for his murderers. As I -charged in, their Colonel quenched this eye for me, but in ten minutes -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> -he and all his followers were dead. Selim is buried there. Thither I -repair each afternoon to lament and feed his grave.”</p> - -<p>“To feed his grave?” echoed Page Lomax, inquiringly.</p> - -<p>“Yes. In each believer’s tomb is bored a hole, through which he can -hearken to the weeping of those who love him, and can receive food from -them. The hour for my observance of that rite is nigh. Can you respect -it? If so, you may accompany me thither.”</p> - -<p>As the two paused before the door of the keep, Page Lomax glanced -through the lattice across the vault to the wall on the other -side. Through this, a postern gate opened, close to which he saw a -prism-shaped mound, ending at head and foot in two marble posts on -which—each opposing the other—the angels, Nekir and Munkir, will -sit, as they debate whether the soul of Selim shall arise to heaven or -descend to hell. Roses decked the hillock. In an orifice at its head, -a yellow apple and a purple fig awaited the dead man’s appetite. But -why was this grave fenced in with stout steel bars, set close together; -and why was it screened overhead with them? Before the Christian had -time to consider this problem till he might solve it, Hosein threw back -the outside bar, which held the door to, and, whirling it round on its -well-oiled hinges, exclaimed:</p> - -<p>“To you, my guest, I yield first place. Enter!”</p> - -<p>But when Page Lomax was crossing the sill, he felt himself gripped in -a grasp of iron. His feet were knocked from under him with a swift and -dexterous trip, and he fell heavily to the floor. Ere he could stagger -up, dazed as he was, clang went the portal. He was a prisoner, with -Hosein glaring at him through the grating.</p> - -<p>“Pray to your Nazarene now and see if he can help you,” chuckled his -jailer. “Not even Mohammed himself could help you now. I vowed to -sacrifice a hecatomb of unbelievers to my brother. Ninety and nine have -already tapped at his tomb. You will make the hundredth victim.”</p> - -<p>The young man was a sinewy six-footer, robust and brave; but the boding -indefiniteness of this threat so overwhelmed him that his fair hair -bristled up and his blue eyes dilated to black, then faded to gray. He -circled the dungeon, frantically seeking an exit, which yet he knew -he would not find. Cursing himself for all sorts of a fool, because -he had not taken his pistol with him, when he left the hotel, he ran -to a corner, where something, which looked like a heaped-up pile of -slender white sticks, was faintly gleaming beneath the dim light coming -from above. But, when he saw that they were not sticks but bones, he -staggered back, almost screaming, and made for the door, which he -reached just in time to be knocked down by a body, which Hosein and -Nakir were pitching in. It was Zaidee. Springing up, she wailed forth:</p> - -<p>“Oh! why did you not heed my warnings? Did I not sign to you to depart -in the courtyard, and again under your window and still once more, as I -was dancing? Now we are lost, both of us. Look up there!”</p> - -<p>Far above, an octagon of lustrous woof and warp was oscillating slowly. -In it, something vast and dark was cradled.</p> - -<p>“My God! It’s Hosein’s spider!” gasped the young man.</p> - -<p>And now across her web the tigress of the air shot her curved and -toothed claws and buff-colored grappling-hooks and dull-red jaws and -six of her eight powerful black legs, covered with down and splotched -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> -with stiff tufts. Up-rearing her round head and thorax and baring thus -the rich and flexible dark-green fur, as soft as velvet, which clothed -her abdomen, she bent at her wasp-like waist and, balancing on the -verge, fastened her eight eyes—great immovable trance-producing lenses -of terrible crystal—with a gloating stare, full on Hosein’s captives, -huddled together there below her. And now she swung out. Swaying just -beneath her hammock, she whetted one of her scythes against the other. -But, as with horror-stricken gaze, fixed on this monstrous thing, he -and she waited for that to come from which there was no escape, a -sudden inspiration possessed the damsel.</p> - -<p>“Steal along the wall,” she cried to Page Lomax, “And leap from behind -her upon her back at the same instant when I spring thither from in front.”</p> - -<p>“But—”</p> - -<p>“No buts about it, Fool! Do you want to be eaten alive? Go!”</p> - -<p>As he obeyed, the maid plucked from her bodice the pipe of charm and -began breathing from it the melody with which she had quelled the -wrath of the cobra de capello. At its first tremulous notes, the grim -executioner of the ninety and nine hesitated—stopped reeling out her -cord—no longer was opening and closing her grappling-hooks—sheathed -her dull-red jaws. One awful minute she hovered near, wriggling her -eight great curving legs. Then, half asleep under the spell of those -drowsily sweet sounds, she lowered herself to earth and spread herself -out for slumber. Without ceasing to play, Zaidee inched forward. Close -enough now, she sprang upon the immense spider. That same instant, Page -Lomax was by her side.</p> - -<p>“Lie down!” she screamed, suiting her own action to her advice to him. -“Press your toes against the ridge of horn, back of her head! Seize -that other, yonder, stretching across, just this side her spinneret, -and hold on—do you hear?—hold on with all your might? She’s going to -rise and she’ll toss us off, if she can!”</p> - -<p>Even now the great creature was hauling in her cable. Up she darted -violently. Whirling round and round, she threshed the air furiously -with her legs. Finding out that she could not thus throw off her -burden, she reared herself aloft into her web. With frenzied rage, -she gripped the edges of her house and shook it with all her immense -strength, until it shot back and forth with dizzying speed, at times -almost perpendicular to its axis. But, with the desperate power of -despair, her riders clung to her, until, tiring from her fruitless -efforts to dislodge them, the spider became quiet. Gradually the silken -orb slackened from its semi-vertical position to its normal horizontal. -Its whirring lapsed into silence, as it slowly became still. Except -for a horrible quivering, which was going on under the translucent -shell of horn on which the two were lying, the huge spinner was at last -crouching motionless. They sat up cautiously and looked around them. -No roof hemmed them in. But, in order to keep his monster from fleeing -to her native hills, Hosein had inserted one beam running from East to -West, with three others above it contrariwise from North to South.</p> - -<p>“Play again, Zaidee,” said the young man. “It’s my time now to work.” -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p> - -<p>As the girl’s lulling music once more soothed the spider, he set about -digging out with his pocketknife that part of the nearest upper rafter, -which had rotted at the wall. Soon he could slide this end out. Tugging -the beam across the main girder, he heaved the extricated timber -athwart the coping of the tower, whence, plunging down, it smote Hosein -to the earth, at the same time striking Nakir, too, and felling him -also. A screech of anguish burst from the Turk. Unable to rise unaided, -he seized the honeysuckle, which was clambering aloft on the masonry, -and dragged himself up, only to drop again with a frightful groan, as -his back was broken. Two of the eunuch’s ribs had been fractured, too, -but, as his master groaned that awful groan, he hastened to him and, -lifting his head, wiped the bloody froth from Hosein’s lips. The Turk’s -eyes, of which nothing except the whites had been showing, now rolled -down and fixed their failing glance on the faithful slave.</p> - -<p>“Bury me by Selim’s side, Nakir,” he whispered, “And—and don’t let the -Giaour and his jade escape.”</p> - -<p>His eyes rolled back again—he shivered—there was a deep sigh—then -the jaw fell.</p> - -<p>“Something’s hurt down there,” cried Page Lomax exultingly. “I only -hope it’s Hosein or his nigger. As wishes cost nothing, I wish it were -both. Here goes for beam number two!”</p> - -<p>In a crevice in the wall, just over the end of the second rafter of the -upper three, the wind had lodged a seed one day and from it a sturdy -little pine had sprung up. Hunting for food, it had thrust down the -hungry fibres of its roots to feed upon the mortar. It had been nodding -good cheer to the young man, as the breezes played leap-frog with -it, and he hated to hurt it, but he had to. Grasping it, he wrenched -it from its lodging-house. Its roots could not bear to bid adieu to -being. They clung so closely to the rough ashlar round which they had -twined that the stone was twisted out with them and crashed to the -tiles below, leaving the second beam free at this end, so that Page -Lomax could send it after the first one.</p> - -<p>The third rafter of the upper three was fat with turpentine. Scratching -a match, the young man held it under the oiliest streak, until a feeble -blaze stole up. Waxing lustier, it parted with sparkling fingers its -blue veil of smoke that it might the better gnaw through the bar on -which it was at work. When the beam had nearly burned in two, Page -Lomax shoved it upward. It broke. In a twinkling, it had gone outside -to join the others.</p> - -<p>“Now, Zaidee,” he cried, as he cast himself face downward on the great -spider’s back, “Throw yourself here beside me. Rest your toes against -that same little ledge back of her head. Grip the other as you did -before. She’ll bounce over that wall, in the next ten seconds. When she -hits the ground and settles down on her hind-legs, jump, jump for your -life, and run for the boat with me.”</p> - -<p>Mad with the exhilaration of approaching liberty, the huge creature -dived out over her prison wall, alighting noiselessly and without a -jar. Giving no heed to Page Lomax and Zaidee, as they fled, she raced -like the wind along her shortest line of approach toward Nakir. He was -too far from Hosein’s home ever to reach it, with her in pursuit. She -was between him and the summer-house. The tower alone remained. Rushing -to it, he threw the bar, tore the door open and, plunging headlong -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> -through it, whirled it to. It had no fastenings on the inner side. As -it swung outward, he must keep it closed in some way or be devoured. -Flinging himself down, he dug his nails between its stout oak -transverse and its upright panels and bore on with all his weight. The -spider tapped once or twice on the door. It still remaining closed, she -squatted down before it. After a few seconds, during which she seemed -to be studying, her terrible eyes dwelt at last on the crack between -the door and the doorstep. In a trice, she reached her claws through -and sank them into the door on the inner side. In spite of -Nakir’s frantic struggling, she fetched it round. With her fierce -grappling-hooks, she pounced upon him. Bellowing with mingled fear -and pain, he struck at her with his dagger, but she fell back on her -haunches, haling him to her. Her grappling-hooks raised him close to -her red jaws. A sudden flash of savage color—and the blades of those -jaws sprang apart—another—as they snapped together—a blood-curdling -scream—a sickening gush of blood—then silence. Hosein’s spider had -sacrificed her hundredth man.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_052.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="459" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"><h2 class="non-vis nobreak">EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT.</h2></div> -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_053.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="161" /> -</div> - -<p class="author">Gail, Texas, July 15th, 1908.</p> - -<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p> -<p>Enclosed find $1.00 for which send to my address both publications -Weekly and Monthly for six months, after which I think I can send you -some subscribers. It was an oversight in not sending it in before now. -In a little discussion some time back some one spoke of there being no -private titles to land in England, and several asked me to write and -ask you in regard to the matter.</p> - -<p>I saw enough in your last Magazine to convince me, but would like to -have you write a piece on the subject.</p> - -<p class="author">Yours respectfully,<span class="ws5"> </span><br />THOMAS O. EDWARDS.</p> - -<p class="center">(Answer.)</p> - -<p>The system of Land Ownership in this country was derived from England. -Excepting crown lands, all real estate in Great Britain is held by -private titles. Even entailed estates may be bought and sold but the -procedure is cumbersome and costly. Stating the case broadly, no poor -man can buy land in England, without the aid of the Government.</p> - -<p>In Ireland the huge estates of the nobles are being purchased by the -Government and parcelled out among the people, who buy the land from -the Government, on long time with low interest.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="author">Loganville, Ga., Nov. 9, 1908.<br /> -Hon. Thos. E. Watson,<br />Thomson, Ga.</p> - -<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p> - -<p>Please answer the following questions in the Jeffersonian or Magazine -or both: Has the Democratic party, at any one time since the Civil War, -been in full control of the National Government? If so please give -proof, not that I wouldn’t believe you in every particular, but I want -to prove it to some “hot headed democrats” who don’t want to believe -you; also please give the time in which they were in control.</p> - -<p>Hoping for an immediate reply, I am,</p> - -<p class="author">Yours for the cause,<span class="ws5"> </span><br />W. G. STANLEY.</p> - -<p>Answer:—In 1892, Cleveland was elected President as a Democrat, and -the Democrats had a majority both in the Senate and in the House during -Cleveland’s term of four years, 1892 to 1896.</p> - -<p>The official records prove this, and no truthful Democrat who is posted -will dispute the fact. Suppose you refer the skeptics to Senators A. O. -Bacon and A. S. Clay.—T. E. W.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>QUESTION:</b> Why is it that the whole world presents the same -general picture of unrest, hard times, business depression, and -unemployed labor?</p> - -<p><b>Answer</b>: The Kings of High Finance have chained the whole -world with the gold standard, the effect of which is to contract the -currency. A contraction of the currency is invariably followed by the -same results, to wit—the ruin of the debtor class, the curtailment of -business, the suspension of work, and the creation of an army of the -unemployed.</p> - -<p>For three thousand years prior to the discovery of gold in California -(1856) both gold and silver had been in use, over the world, as money -metals. Now, however, gold alone is the standard of value, and the -money of final payment. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>QUESTION:</b> Why were gold and silver selected as the money metals?</p> - -<p><b>Answer:</b> <b>BECAUSE THEY ARE SCARCE</b>. By confining money to these -two precious metals, it was believed by the financiers that the volume -of real money would never get so large that they could not control it. -<b>The limitation of money to these two scarce metals was a practical -limitation to the supply.</b></p> - -<p>So matters stood throughout the world until the discovery of such vast -quantities of gold in California frightened the financiers. They feared -that so much gold would be added to the currency of the world that -prices would go down, bonds would decrease in value, and that they, the -financiers, would be unable to control the supply of real money.</p> - -<p>Consequently, they hired able writers, like Chevalier and MacLarren, <b>TO -WRITE AGAINST GOLD</b>, in the same way that <b>THE MONEY KINGS HIRED DAVID A. -WELLS AND EDWARD ATKINSON TO WRITE AGAINST SILVER</b>, more than a century -later.</p> - -<p>Germany and Austria excluded gold from their mints (1857) and Belgium -and Holland adopted the single silver standard.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>QUESTION:</b> What checked the demonetization of gold?</p> - -<p>The discovery of the rich silver mines in Nevada, Colorado and other -Western States. The financiers saw that there would soon be more silver -than gold, and they went to work to have the scarcer metal made the -standard of value, and the money of final payment.</p> - -<p><b>QUESTION:</b> What nation led the others in the demonetization of silver?</p> - -<p><b>Answer</b>: Great Britain. She is the nation to whom the people of -all other countries owe most. In other words, the whole world is in -debt to Great Britain.</p> - -<p>To make this debt harder to pay, Great Britain led the other nations in -the world-wide war against Bi-metallism, which means the use of both -gold and silver on equal terms.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>QUESTION:</b> What is meant by “making the debt harder to pay?”</p> - -<p>A debt, contracted when the volume of currency is expanded by the use -of both gold and silver as monetary metals on equal terms, becomes -harder to pay when the currency is contracted to the use of but one -of these metals. A bond, for instance, issued by the Government when -the currency is expanded by the use of gold, silver and Greenbacks, is -enormously more valuable after the Government has destroyed a thousand -million dollars of the Greenbacks and has demonetized silver. Having -to be paid <b>THEN</b> in gold, the bondholder gets money very much more -valuable than the money he invested in the bond.</p> - -<p>Now Great Britain wanted the nations of the earth to pay the debts they -owed her in money that was more valuable than the money she loaned. -Hence, her war upon Bi-metallism.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>QUESTION:</b> But why did other nations help Great Britain demonetize -silver and establish the single gold standard?</p> - -<p><b>Answer</b>: Because these other nations were controlled by their -High Finance rascals, who wanted to enhance the value of the claims -which they held against their own Governments and peoples.</p> - -<p>In each of these other nations, were bondholders and money changers -who wanted to make money scarce, so that they could control it, -and so that the money paid them to satisfy their claims against the -Government and the people would be more valuable than that which they -had loaned.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>QUESTION:</b> Is there any reason why the amount of metal in a -dollar should be worth a dollar?</p> - -<p>None. Money is a man-made product, like a cartwheel. Nature does not -produce dollars nor cartwheels. Nature supplies the raw materials, but -man is the manufacturer who turns these raw materials into dollars and cartwheels. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p> - -<p>Dollars are made for the purpose of effecting the exchange of one -product for another. It is a tool of exchange.</p> - -<p>It enables Commerce to get along without the bartering of one commodity -for another. In old times, a man who did not have a horse but wanted -one, would get one in exchange for cows, of which he had more than he -needed. There was inconvenience about this, because the man who had a -horse that he was willing to swap for cows might not be easy to find. -To get away from the cumbersome, unsatisfactory system of Barter, men -agreed on something that should represent value in exchange. The -substance agreed on, no matter what it was, became money.</p> - -<p>Therefore, money was made by man for the special purpose of carrying on -Commerce, just as wheels are made to carry on carts, wagons, carriages -and railroad cars.</p> - -<p>There is no more sense in claiming that the dollar—which is -the wheel of Commerce—should be made out of a material of any -particular value than there would be in claiming that a car wheel shall -bear a certain proportion of value to the freight which is transported -in the car.</p> - -<p>The dollar is a tool, in the same sense that a hoe is a tool. -With one hoe, you may cultivate cotton worth fifty dollars; but that is -no reason why the hoe should cost you fifty dollars. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <p class="f120">TWO HANDS</p> - <img src="images/i_055.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="478" /> - <p class="center">One Controls the Wealth; The Other Produces It</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"><a name="MONEY" id="MONEY"> </a> -<h2 class="nobreak">Money Is King</h2></div> - -<p class="f120">BY WALTER EDEN</p> -<hr class="r5" /> - -<p>The mighty King is an exacting Tyrant. All things are dominated by -money. It shapes the destinies of Nations. It rules trade and gives -life or death to all enterprise, as it sees fit. In the hands of -unscrupulous men it is the greatest known power for evil. Properly -curbed and free from the manipulation of designing hands it may be made -the greatest known power for good.</p> - -<p>The American people seek by law to control the trusts. They legislate -to regulate Inter-state commerce and to punish rebating and unlawful -restraint of trade. They give us tariff laws and levy Internal revenue -taxes, to raise money with which to pay the expenses of government. Our -country is quadrennially thrown into a spasm of political excitement to -settle these and other great political questions.</p> - -<p>Standards of value are discussed, and any standard thus far proclaimed -is shown to be unstable, fluctuating, wrongful and hurtful. Much has -been made and lost in the past by reason of the fluctuation in the -value of the standard of money, be it a single gold standard or a -double standard. Government ownership is advocated by some as a panacea -for all of our political ills. Currency, it is said, should be more -elastic.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding all the discussion and legislation of and concerning -all these, and kindred questions, for more than a century, our body -politic seems still to be sick, and like leprosy and the great white -plague, no known remedy has been discovered for or applied to the -patient.</p> - -<p>The wealth of the nation has been, and is now being, concentrated in -the hands of a few. Individuals have been, and are now, accumulating -such vast fortunes that our President has advocated a course that -amounts to confiscation, as the only remedy for the evil.</p> - -<p>The money market can be so manipulated by a few men, that they are -able, at pleasure, to make or unmake panics; to stagnate business; to -appreciate or depreciate the value of stocks and bonds, and to cause -untold suffering to the people. Innocent investors are carried from -their feet by the maelstrom of speculation in money.</p> - -<p>No great enterprise, be it for the public good or not, can be -accomplished without first obtaining the consent of a few men who -control the money market. A few millions of actual investment in -Railroad stock, it has been demonstrated, can be manipulated so as to -control stacks of railroads amounting to over a billion dollars; when -the maturing crop of the farmer is ready for the market, the volume of -currency in circulation is not great enough to move the crop to market, -and the men in power reap large profits out of the money furnished for -this purpose. A panic follows and the farmer is made to suffer and -either hold his grain or sell it on a declining market. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p> - -<p>The control of this greatest of all powers on earth should be taken -from the hands of the few and deposited where it belongs, viz., into -the hands of the Government. When this shall have been done all the -ills which flow from this source will be healed.</p> - -<p>It has been well said by the immortal Lincoln that this is a government -of the people, by the people and for the people; and yet, we find that -the place where there is the most need of governing the people for the -greatest benefit of the whole people has been neglected.</p> - -<p>Money is the controlling factor of all human agencies. Regulate it, and -a proper regulation of most great evils will naturally follow.</p> - -<p>Money is controlled by the banker, not because he owns all the money -which he controls; but because the masses of the people deposit their -money with him and thus he gains power over not only the little capital -which he invests in the stock of the bank, but over the very large -volume of deposits which his many customers leave with him.</p> - -<p>The great power of the banker is a power placed in his hands by the -people. The money which really gives him power is not his own, but -belongs to the depositor.</p> - -<p>If this great power were given by the people to our Government, it -would be more impartially exerted, because the Government is the -people. The people would thus be protected from loss of deposits -by failing banks, absconding bankers and rascally bank officials. -Combinations of the people’s money in the hands of a few men, to -benefit the few men at the expense of the people would cease.</p> - -<p>When a condition exists that is a menace to the people, a condition -that is being taken advantage of by certain individuals to the -detriment of the great mass of people, it is the right and the duty of -the Government to enact such laws as will eradicate the nuisance if it -can be done.</p> - -<p>A banking scheme can be devised that will accomplish this beneficent -purpose. Under it an elastic currency can be established, a -non-fluctuating standard can be provided for, the tax gatherer can be -made to disappear, panics cease, depositors will be protected and -unlawful combinations in restraint of trade be a thing of the past.</p> - -<p>Put the Government into the banking business and the thing will be -accomplished.</p> - -<p>It may be charged that the scheme is too radical. It may seem so, but -nothing is too radical that is right. It will be a very great change -from the present system, and will be opposed by all the force and power -of organized wealth.</p> - -<p>It may be charged that it is not authorized by the constitution. If it -is right, change the constitution. It won’t be the first time it has -been changed. At one time the negro was a slave with no more rights -under our constitution than an animal. Today, by reason of a change in -our constitution, he has all the rights of citizenship and stands on an -equality before the law with his white brother.</p> - -<p>Let the General Government, the State, the County and the municipality -get together and go into the banking business. Does it not look too -vast to be comprehended? Think about it a while, Mr. American Citizen. -Don’t brush aside the idea without consideration, but if you are not -interested in opposing the plan, and will give the matter a little -thought, you will see the advantages of the proposed system. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p> - -<p>Thomas W. Lawson was at one time opposing the present system; he laid -bare many of the fraudulent and unlawful outrages perpetrated by it, -which the system of Government bankers, if established, will be able -to prevent. Take the present system, which he has so ably shown to be -noxious, and transfer it from the hands of the individuals into the -hands of the Government, and this great power, now exercised by the -few, will be placed in the hands of the people, where it justly belongs.</p> - -<p>Give the General Government at Washington, under the supervision of -the Treasury department of the United States, banking powers. Let -it organize a central bank, with power to supervise and control all -the lesser banks proposed to be organized by States, Counties, and -municipalities. Provide by law for the opening of a bank in each state, -under the control of the State, but to be tributary to the Central bank -at Washington, each to be known as a United States Bank of Illinois, or -the state in which the same is located.</p> - -<p>Provide also for tributary banks in each County, to be known as a -United States Bank of the County in which the same is situated, with -general banking power; it being optional, however, with each state -to pass laws to avail itself of the banking privilege or not, as its -legislative body may see fit; this option also to extend to each County.</p> - -<p>Make a provision that the Central bank at Washington shall receive -deposits from County Banks and issue Government bonds for the amount -of the deposit; the County Bank then to be empowered to issue notes, -similar to the present National Bank Notes, to be used as a circulating -currency among the people, to the extent of its Government bonds, -depositing the bonds with the Central bank as a security.</p> - -<p>Give the County Bank general banking power, to receive deposits, draw -exchange and loan money on real estate, chattel and personal security, -under proper regulations.</p> - -<p>In Counties where the privilege of engaging in the banking business -shall have been availed of, branch banks of the County Bank may be -organized in such localities of the County as the County Bank may -determine is necessary or expedient, with the same banking powers as -the County Bank.</p> - -<p>Give to the County Banks and their branches, in addition to the -general banking powers, power to execute Trusts, act as Executor, -Administrator, Guardian and Conservator.</p> - -<p>Give to the County Bank, in addition to its regular issue of bank -notes, power to issue, at any time the exigencies of the times may -require, other bank notes, to an amount not exceeding a certain per -cent of the assessed valuation of all real and personal property of -the County, for the year such assessment was last made for taxation, -upon payment to the General Government of such per centum on said -circulating notes as will insure their prompt recall whenever the -emergency which called for their issue shall have passed.</p> - -<p>Let the funds deposited with the Central Bank at Washington, by the -various Counties, and for which Government Bonds shall issue, be -loaned out by such Central Bank, at a reasonable rate of interest, -sufficiently high to produce a profit, to enterprises of an inter-state -character, such as railroads and other large borrowers; and let the -same be invested in stocks and bonds of known stability in large -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> -amounts; thus furnishing a fund to be used in large enterprises, -and relieving the promoters of such undertakings from being under -the control of a few individual money lenders, and at the same time -furnishing a source of profitable investment of the people’s money.</p> - -<p>The various state banks may be simply branches or departments of the -Central Bank at Washington.</p> - -<p>Such State Banks may receive deposits from the various County Banks of -any state as a medium of exchange, and the same may be loaned under -the direction of the Central Bank, the same as the proceeds of sale of -Government Bonds, but they shall be required to keep constantly on hand -a certain per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, to pay exchange.</p> - -<p>The profit of the Central Bank shall be paid into the Treasury of the -United States to defray the expenses of the Government so far as the -same will apply.</p> - -<p>The profit of the State Banks, if there be any, shall be paid into -the Treasury of the States respectively; and used to pay the current -expenses of the State, as far as the same will apply.</p> - -<p>The profit of the various County Banks shall, after paying a certain -per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, into the Treasury of the State in -which such County is situate, be paid to the Treasurer of such County, -to defray the expenses of the said County. And any sum so paid by any -County into the State Treasury, to be deducted from the taxes levied in -said County for State purposes.</p> - -<p>State Banks shall be only branches of the Central Bank and shall be a -part of the same.</p> - -<p>County Banks shall be subject to examination and supervision by the -Government of the United States.</p> - -<p>These observations may be crude, but certainly they are worthy of -consideration. Is the general idea not worthy of attention?</p> - -<p>Perhaps much that has been suggested should be eliminated entirely; -much probably should be changed; much more perhaps should be added.</p> - -<p>Time and trial of the system would bring to mind many good ideas. -Consider it and see if a little thought given to the matter won’t make -it look feasible and open up a much wider field for thought than merely -the idea of a people’s bank.</p> - -<p>What are the possibilities of some such system? Not only what are the -possibilities, but if you please, what are the probabilities as to the -results that would follow such a system?</p> - -<p>It will settle the Trust Question because, it will take the control -of money from the men who are interested in the Trusts, and thus -enable competition to the Trusts to borrow money with which to go into -business in opposition to them.</p> - -<p>It would hardly be possible, under present conditions, for a person -or syndicate to sell bonds to supply the money with which to go into -business in competition with the Standard Oil Company. The men who are -in control of the money market would not dare to incur the ill will -of such a powerful influence as that which is behind the Standard, by -buying bonds of a rival concern. The men who are interested in such -gigantic Trusts are the ones who control the money of the Country. So -it is with competing lines of railroads. The men who now are in control -of the through lines of railroad have too much influence over the money -market to permit competing lines to be built. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p> - -<p>Give to the Government banking power, with local County Banks, and the -currency question will settle itself. The much talked of standard of -value will become fixed. The currency will be made as elastic as the -exigencies of the times shall demand.</p> - -<p>We will have not only gold and silver for a basis but as well all of -the broad acres of fertile land, the mines, the grain, the horses, -cattle, hogs and sheep, in fact everything that goes upon the -assessor’s book will stand behind the dollar. For the County and the -Government will guarantee it.</p> - -<p>It will be elastic because each particular locality will have the -power to issue emergency currency to meet the immediate needs of the -community. The County with all its property will stand behind it, -and surely all of the land and property in the County will furnish a -sufficient security to make good a sufficient volume of currency to get -the product of farm, or mine or manufactory to the market.</p> - -<p>It will furnish a security to the depositor and thus keep the money -which should be in circulation from being hoarded; for the man who -has a little money will have no fear of depositing it. A banking law -recently enacted in Oklahoma has been much praised because the state -guarantees the deposits. How much better would be a law which provides -that in return for the guarantee of the deposits the State shall take -down the profits of the business. Is it right that the State should -take all the risk of losses and not share in the profits?</p> - -<p>It will settle the much disputed Tariff Question, because the profits -arising from the banking business will probably pay all the running -expenses of the Government, and leave a balance besides.</p> - -<p>If this should prove to be true the Custom house can be abolished and -there will be no necessity of levying tribute on imports.</p> - -<p>It will settle the question of Internal Revenue taxes, for the -Government will need no longer to shock the tender sensibility of the -Prohibitionist by levying tribute on the vile Demon to support itself.</p> - -<p>It may, eventually, lead to the Government ownership in such a gradual -manner that it will not unsettle the business interests of the Country, -for as the revenues produced from the profits of the banking business -increase in excess of the expenses of Government, the same can be -invested in bonds and stocks of the Public Utilities from time to time, -until after a number of years they would naturally be absorbed by the -Government.</p> - -<p>The local tax collector can be discharged and our direct tax on lands -and chattels will cease, as the profit to each County will more than -pay the expenses of the County, including State taxes.</p> - -<p>Examine the published and sworn statement of all the local banks in -your County, and figure a reasonable rate of interest on the deposits -alone, not including capital stock and other sources of revenue, and -you will find a profit per annum of more than sufficient to defray the -expenses of your County, including maintenance of schools and roads and -bridges.</p> - -<p>This scheme may seem visionary at first, and not feasible, but think it -over. Don’t dismiss the idea without a thought. Surely it is worth some -consideration. Perhaps you may get some good idea from it.</p> - -<p>Bankers will dismiss the idea, of course, as not being worthy of -consideration. Money lenders will oppose it. Large capitalists will -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> -treat it lightly. To the man, however, who is interested in Government -of the people, by the people, for the people, free from any personal -advantage, it will surely merit your consideration.</p> - -<p>Governments are formed to regulate society and to protect the weak -against the strong. That was the prime object of Government. That which -vitally affects the public is proper subject of legislation. If a wrong -is being perpetrated it should be righted by law. The people have -the right to expect this to be done. They have it in their power to -regulate this greatest of all necessities, money.</p> - -<p>One hears a great deal said about the necessaries of life. We talk of -raiment to clothe us, houses to shelter us, food to satisfy our hunger -and fuel to keep us warm, as the necessaries of life, but none of these -things can be counted as any more necessary than money, for before we -can procure these things we must first have money. It is the first -necessity of life. Is it not proper that it should be put under the -control of our Government and its control taken out of the hands of the few?</p> - -<p>Let all the people control, by means of a proper Government, this first -great necessity.</p> - -<p>People’s banks will protect the depositor and make his deposit secure.</p> - -<p>People’s banks will relieve the borrower from the money shark and -usurer, as a fixed legal rate of interest only will be charged.</p> - -<p>Let us have people’s banks, and the power of money, which is now given -by the millions of depositors in this Country to a few men, will be -taken out of the hands of the few and returned to the people through -their Government. Wall Street will be transferred to Washington.</p> - -<p>Let us have people’s banks and the investor will not be crushed to the -wall by a panic, as they will be a thing of the past. Investments will -be more stable and more secure.</p> - -<p>The standard of value will be fixed for all time, tariff laws will need -no amending and changing from time to time, and cause restlessness and -uneasiness in the public mind, and every man will have an even chance -with every other man in his race for a livelihood.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"><a name="DWELLER" id="DWELLER"> </a> -<h2 class="nobreak"><i>A DWELLER WITH THE PAST.</i></h2></div> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">From cabin crude on lonely height—</span> -<span class="i0">Eyes piercing keen the solitude—</span> -<span class="i0">She gazes at the scarce-worn pass,</span> -<span class="i0">Where shadows ceaseless bend and brood.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">A soft caress, a word or two,—</span> -<span class="i0">The pleasuring thing danced on its way;</span> -<span class="i0">But to her, guileless child, it seemed</span> -<span class="i0">That blossoms bright fell from the day.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">She sighs, the sputtering wick burns low,</span> -<span class="i0">The night wind bends the long hill grass,</span> -<span class="i0">And the soul of that fleeting bygone day</span> -<span class="i0">Glides noiseless o’er the rock-ribbed pass.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i21">Ricardo Minor.</span> -</div></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"><h2 class="nobreak">Clippings from Exchanges</h2></div> -<hr class="r5" /> - -<h3>OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN.</h3> - -<p>An old Yankee fisherman up in Maine said to his son who was starting -out to seek his fortune, “Sonnie, mind what I tell ye, in this here -world you’ve either got to cut bait or fish.” Oscar Hammerstein, -humorist, father of six children, plunger, man of business, cigar -machine inventor, real estate speculator, vaudeville manager, composer, -theater builder and impresario, is one of the men who fishes.</p> - -<div class="figleft"> - <img src="images/i_062.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="253" /> - <p class="center">OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN</p> -</div> - -<p>He fishes where he pleases, when he pleases, and how he pleases. “He -wants what he wants when he wants it,” and what’s more he gets it. When -he wants to do a thing he asks Oscar Hammerstein’s advice. If Oscar -Hammerstein says go ahead he goes ahead.</p> - -<p>This man has the faculty of disembodying himself. He looks upon himself -objectively. He has implicit confidence in Oscar Hammerstein—in his -judgment, in his courage, in his indomitable perseverance, in his star. -The psychologists talk about the subliminal self. It is some such self -which is Oscar Hammerstein’s guide, philosopher, friend, and mentor.</p> - -<p>I asked Mr. Hammerstein if he had a Board of Directors. He replied, -“Certainly; see that long table there with all those chairs round it? -Those chairs are my directors. I sit at the head of that table and vote -myself a salary of $150,000 and my Directors pass it unanimously. I -suggest; they approve.”</p> - -<p>One day about forty-three years ago a rich father Hammerstein in -Berlin cruelly beat a young Hammerstein with a skate strap. That young -Hammerstein was Oscar, and he decided he had had enough of that sort of -thing. Taking his father’s violin he escaped from the music room where -he was imprisoned. Selling the violin for thirty dollars he bought a -steerage passage on a sailing ship bound for America. He says of this -incident:</p> - -<p>“I landed on these shores covered with vermin and without a cent. After -a time I came to a sign which read, ‘Cigar Makers Wanted. Paid While -You Learn.’ So I went in and applied for a job—not because I had -any passion for making cigars, but because I didn’t want to starve.” -Within a short time this two-dollar-a-week cigar maker’s apprentice had -invented a machine for binding cigar fillers which he sold for $6,000.</p> - -<p>His many inventions have revolutionized the entire cigar making -industry. He has now a music room and a machine shop. After three in -the afternoon he divides his time between composing and inventing. Mr. -Hammerstein is a man who makes and loses fortunes. The last time he -went under was about ten years ago, when his great three part Olympia -Theater failed utterly. He said, “That cleaned me out—lost one million -and a half. I realized that after the things were sold at auction I -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> -wouldn’t have a dollar. Even to pay the rent for my modest apartment -was a problem.”</p> - -<p>“What did you do?”</p> - -<p>“Do! I lit a cigar and took a long walk.”</p> - -<p>“How did you feel—discouraged?”</p> - -<p>“Felt fine! Discouraged, not a bit! I’ve never in my life felt -discouraged or despondent. I’m something of a victim of melancholy, but -that has nothing whatever to do with external events. It comes over -me when my affairs are prospering most. But I’ve never been afraid of -anybody or anything.</p> - -<p>“What I did is too long a story. But mark this! If you have an honest -conviction as to the right thing to do you can do it! If you have -absolute faith in yourself, other people are bound to have faith in -you. No question about it.”</p> - -<p>Later one of Mr. Hammerstein’s assistants told me one thing he did -in this emergency. He sold his grand piano and with the proceeds as -his capital started the great Victoria vaudeville theater on Long -Acre Square. Its out of the way site alone irrevocably condemned it -to failure in the opinion of all the theatrical experts except its -builder. One of his sons is now running it with immense success.</p> - -<p>“I have only one partner,” continued Mr. Hammerstein—“my knowledge of -human nature. I have the greatest conductor in the world—Campanini. -I went to Europe and saw him conduct and decided I must have him. I -met him and made him believe in me and he came. He had never heard of -Oscar Hammerstein. I didn’t show him my bank book. It wouldn’t have -impressed him if I had. It was the same way with Madame Melba and with -all the others. They liked me, they believed in me, and they came with -me. They won’t sing for a man they don’t believe in, no matter how many -thousands he may offer them.</p> - -<p>“When I started this opera house over here my friends were on the -point of engaging a cell for me at Matteawan. Now my opera is a great -success. With the exception of Caruso the Metropolitan singers can’t -compare with mine. Of course, there’s not much money in this business. -If money was what I wanted I should sell suspenders or shoe strings.</p> - -<p>“No, I never asked or took anybody’s advice about anything in my life. -Why should I? I know my own affairs better than anybody else can. I -have no secretary. I have no bookkeeper. Of course I have a treasurer -to handle the funds. I haven’t even a stenographer.”</p> - -<p>“Why should I sit here and waste my time dictating letters about matters -that don’t concern me to people that don’t interest me. When a letter -really requires an answer I write a few lines in pencil on the letter -itself and send it back to the writer. Here’s my letter file,” pointing -to a capacious waste-basket, “and a very good one it makes. I never -could understand why people should feel obliged to answer letters. All -sorts of people write me about their affairs—not mine! Why should -I spend my time writing people about their own affairs? Of course, -helping people who deserve it is quite another matter.</p> - -<p>“One quality that has always helped me immensely is my -faculty—absolutely—to wipe the past from my mind. I look only to the -future. I work only for the future. I drag no dead weights after me. -But, no man knows why he does things. He can’t help expressing what -is in him. The genius or talent or aptitude or whatever you call it, -that is born in him is bound to come out no matter what his outward -circumstances. The people who never discover their bent have none -to discover. If you are a reporter and you don’t like the way your -fountain pen works you make it work better. You invent another pen; and -then, before you know it, you find yourself a pen manufacturer.”</p> - -<p>With twinkling eyes and one of his contagious, boyish laughs Mr. -Hammerstein got up from his desk and said, “Now I must excuse -myself to attend one of those Directors’ meetings I was telling you -about.”—Lyman Beecher Stowe.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p> -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>A MAGIC MOMENT.</h3> - -<p class="center">(By Lilian Whiting.)</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">I love you, love you! only this</span> -<span class="i8">I have to say;</span> -<span class="i0">All other visions, hopes and dreams</span> -<span class="i8">Must go their way.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Your lightest word outweighs for me</span> -<span class="i8">The universe beside;</span> -<span class="i0">My thought responds to all your own</span> -<span class="i8">As ocean’s tide</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Unfailingly leaps up to meet</span> -<span class="i8">The moon’s sure call;</span> -<span class="i0">Or as the stars in evening skies</span> -<span class="i8">Must shine for all.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Life is no longer drift and dream,</span> -<span class="i8">But vivified;</span> -<span class="i0">And all its radiance, all its faiths,</span> -<span class="i8">Are multiplied.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Music and magic lay their spell</span> -<span class="i8">Upon the days</span> -<span class="i0">That dawn in rose and wane in gold</span> -<span class="i8">And purple haze.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">O wondrous spirit-call that came</span> -<span class="i8">From out the air</span> -<span class="i0">To make all life forevermore</span> -<span class="i8">Divinely fair.</span> -<span class="i14">—Harper’s Bazaar.</span> -</div></div></div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>KEEP POPULIST CHICKS AT HOME.</h3> - -<p>The editor of the Lawton Weekly Democrat, in commenting on the election -said, “Some time ago we borrowed a Rooster from the News-Republican, -to use in celebrating the Democratic victory we just knew was going -to take place November 3rd. However, about 9 o’clock Tuesday night -our Rooster began to feel unwell and we called in medical assistance, -sat up with him all night; but shortly before noon on Wednesday he -turned over on his back and uttered a feeble good bye. Like many other -democrats we realize now the mistake we made in borrowing too much -from the Republican party. We are now searching for an egg from which -to hatch one of those stout healthy roosters of the pure Jeffersonian Breed.”</p> - -<p>Such an egg cannot be found in any hen house save the Populist and -such a chicken if turned loose in the Democratic flock, like Bryan who -was hatched in the Populist hen house, will soon be killed.—Peoples’ -Voice, Norman, Okla.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>HARRIMAN BLOCKED.</h3> - -<p>For once E. H. Harriman has found himself blocked. The laws of Texas -protect investors by prohibiting mergers with large systems, and Texas -laws further require that all railroads within her borders shall be -owned and operated by local corporations. Every State in the Union -could have protected its citizens by such laws and prevented gigantic -mergers of Harriman, Hill et al.</p> - -<p>The anti-corporation wave that is sweeping over the Lone Star State -will not quickly subside and if Harriman thinks that he can re-arrange -the laws of Texas to suit his convenience he fails to realize that he -must reckon with a people who are not owned by monopoly.</p> - -<p>The Espee does not select the Governor of Texas at a dinner in New York -a year in advance of the election, neither does it control the Railroad -Commission, the Legislature or the Courts of that State. It is one -of the chief beneficiaries of the system of centralism that has been -fastened upon some of the States, notably California and Nevada.</p> - -<p>It is gratifying to know that there is one State strong enough to check -the octopus and prevent a combine of the railroad lines within its -borders to the injury of the many and the benefit of the few.—The San -Bernardina (Cal.) Free Press.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>THE HUNTING SEASON.</h3> - -<p>Today ushers in the season of the sportsman’s delight. From now on -for the next few weeks the popping of guns will be heard throughout -the land, and the wild life of field and wood will spend its days in -bewildered trepidation. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p> - -<p>Thus man returns to the primal instinct that drove him forth to forage -for his daily provender in the era before agriculture and stock yards -began to supply his needs in a scientific manner.</p> - -<p>It must seem strange to the birds and beasts, this sudden explosion of -humanity. Could they reason, what would be their judgment of beings who -find pleasure in inflicting pain and death on inoffensive creatures? -In their own struggle for existence they have their tragedies, but -these are based upon the necessities of nature. Man’s invasion of their -haunts with snare and gun is too often wanton.</p> - -<p>As civilization progresses the hunting passion will disappear. Already -we are learning to value the birds for their usefulness as destroyers -of harmful insects, and coming to appreciate the beauty and wonder of -the life that belongs to the little wild animals in our woods. The -camera is superseding the shotgun; intelligent study and understanding -are taking the place of senseless destruction. The invention of gun -powder was an epoch-making event, but the world will be happier when we -have outgrown its use.—Louisville Herald.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>WALL STREET PICKS THE GOAT.</h3> - -<p>Charles W. Morse, found guilty of misapplying the funds of the National -Bank of North America and of falsifying the books of the bank, has been -sentenced to serve fifteen years in the federal prison at Atlanta. As -has been said, this is one way of guaranteeing bank deposits.</p> - -<p>But what about those other bankers in New York who have been guilty of -precisely the same kind of offenses for which Morse is to be punished? -Why is it that the other high financiers whose criminal banking methods -were largely responsible for the recent panic that left a trail of ruin -throughout the country are permitted to go unpunished?</p> - -<p>Is it because the big Wall Street interests wanted to make Morse the -goat, just as they have made a special crusade against Heinze?</p> - -<p>Can it be that criminal bankers are not to be punished unless they have -the ill luck to be particularly offensive to the New York banking and -stock gambling trust?—Buffalo (N. Y.) Republic.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>ONWARD!</h3> - -<p class="center">By Park Benjamin.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Press on! there’s no such word as fail;</span> -<span class="i2">Press nobly on! the goal is near—</span> -<span class="i0">Ascend the mountain! breast the gale!</span> -<span class="i2">Look upward, onward—never fear!</span> -<span class="i0">Why shouldst thou faint? Heaven rules above.</span> -<span class="i2">Though storm and vapor intervene</span> -<span class="i0">The sun shines on, whose name is love,</span> -<span class="i2">Serenely o’er life’s shadowed scene.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Press on! If Fortune plays thee false</span> -<span class="i2">Today, tomorrow she’ll be true;</span> -<span class="i0">Whom now she sinks she now exalts,</span> -<span class="i2">Taking old gifts and granting new.</span> -<span class="i0">The wisdom of the present hour</span> -<span class="i2">Makes up for follies past and gone;</span> -<span class="i0">To weakness strength succeeds, and power</span> -<span class="i2">From frailty springs—press on! press on!</span> -<span class="i27">—The Carpenter.</span> -</div></div></div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>A PIPE DREAM.</h3> - -<p>The Atlanta Georgian in its Tuesday edition contains an editorial -headed “A Misleading Epigram,” anent Tom Watson’s splendid speech to -the Farmers’ Union convention in New Orleans.</p> - -<p>During the course of Mr. Watson’s speech he had occasion to coin the -following epigram: “If the farmers are the backbone of the country, we -have a complicated case of spinal trouble.”</p> - -<p>The Georgian goes on to say that the farmer of today is in better shape -than ever before. If this statement had been made two, or even one, -year ago, it could have been overlooked.</p> - -<p>To say that the farmer is in good shape now, or words to that effect, -is a great deal more misleading than the above epigram. The writer -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> -lives in one of the very best and most progressive farming sections -of the state. He comes in daily contact with the farmer. Taking the -conditions that exist here as an example, we find the farmers as -a whole in worse shape than they have been in several years. As a -consequence of this those who depend on the farmer, as most everybody -does in the small towns, are in worse shape than the farmer. The -Georgian gives as a reason for the good condition in which the farmer -finds himself, that they are diversifying their crops. Our observation -that his failure to diversify is the main cause of his helpless -condition now. Too much cotton has broken, in a sense, the backbone -of the country, and, as Mr. Watson remarks, it is afflicted with a -complicated case of spinal trouble.</p> - -<p>The Georgian merely has a pipe dream of what should be, and what would -be if the farmer would diversify, and arrives at the conclusion that it -already exists.—Royston Record.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>THE CURSE OF THE NATION.</h3> - -<p>The banker organizes a national bank having $100,000 capital, with -which he buys $100,000 of United States bonds, “on which he draws -interest in advance and pays no tax.” The government engraves, prints, -and sends him notes to be used as money, to the face value of the -bonds. Nominally these notes cost him $5.00 a thousand. He lends them -out at from six to ten per cent on the thousand, or from sixty to one -hundred dollars on the thousand. Then by a system of bank credits, -which would be incredible if it were not so capable of proof, he -multiplies his loans until he draws interest on NINE times more money -than he ever put into his business.</p> - -<p>To cap the climax, he gets the Government to surrender its revenue -to his keeping, lends out these millions also, ... DRAWING ANOTHER -INTEREST FROM THE TAX PAYERS WHOSE OWN MONEY HE IS LENDING BACK TO THEM.</p> - -<p>What a mockery of equal and exact justice! What do you think of your -old party representatives’ business ability, who issue United States -bonds at 2, 3, or 4 per cent and turn around and loan it to the -bankers at one-half of one per cent? With their twenty-five per cent -reserves loaned to other banks and loaned to the gamblers of Wall -street, as well as to the ones operating a gambling hell of the like -kind in every large city, sending call money to eighty and more per -cent. “And at last the chickens come home to roost, ... when the bogus -dollars come to the doors of the bank clamoring for recognition and -redemption, these silk hat thieves get together, refuse to honor their -own notes, refuse to pay depositors, decline to cash checks; issue a -nasty Clearing House Certificate, compel the business world to accept -it as money, and thus MAKE ANOTHER PROFIT OUT OF THE WRITTEN EVIDENCE -OF THEIR OWN DISHONESTY.” The United States bonds are a first liability -of the Government. The National Bank notes are a second liability, and -these pawnbrokers of a nation’s energy and productiveness propose a -third liability based on your deposits and their capital, called for -euphony, asset currency (asses’ money). This is the way they want to -get the elastic currency (rubber money) whereby the exceeding hard -work of the banker is to sign his name to thousand dollar bills and -get in exchange your hard labor, inventive ability, and its products. -They tell you to “work hard, save your money, and put it in the bank.” -Why should your government tax you for their benefit, when you can do -it directly without them? “Is it ‘equal and exact justice’ to allow -six thousand national bankers to turn your credit into a mint for -themselves, at your expense? Is there any defense of a system which -turns Government credit and cash over to a favored few?” “They say -their issue of money is good,” but your Government issuing money to you -direct is “repudiation and national dishonor.” “Money is the life-blood -of trade.” Will you leave in the hands of these pawnbrokers the power -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> -to cut your business in half, curtail enterprise, reduce the workers’ -wages, and diminish thereby the markets of the country?</p> - -<p>The Peoples’ Party position on the money question is based on the -United States Supreme Court’s decision, in The Legal Tender cases of -1862 and 1863, as well as the Supreme Courts of nineteen Northern -States.—Ohio Liberty Bell.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"><a name="LAMB" id="LAMB"> </a> -<h2 class="nobreak">The Lamb In the Rain</h2></div> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">How sweet a tune it was to cuddle down to</span> -<span class="i0">Under the big star quilt that grandma made,</span> -<span class="i0">The rain upon the roof! enough to drown you—</span> -<span class="i0">And we made out, you know, we were afraid.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">And then you wondered—and the thought would wake you</span> -<span class="i0">Wide awake a moment with its pain,</span> -<span class="i0">If there could be—and how your heart would ache you—</span> -<span class="i0">A little lamb somewhere out in the rain.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">And so, when mother came—how mothers love you!</span> -<span class="i0">To kiss her good-night kiss, you’d question low</span> -<span class="i0">And when she told you—bending there above you—</span> -<span class="i0">“All little lambs are in,” you knew ’twas so.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">How in your very heart of hearts you’d thank her!</span> -<span class="i0">For all your little throat just ached to weep;</span> -<span class="i0">Then, with a few deep breaths that dragged their anchor,</span> -<span class="i0">Your tender heart and you were fast asleep.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Again the rain upon the roof is beating;</span> -<span class="i0">O Heart, dear Heart, I hear you where I am;</span> -<span class="i0">And all your mother-soul’s incessant bleating</span> -<span class="i0">For yours—your own unsheltered little lamb!</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">But look, dear Heart, dear Heart, one bends above you</span> -<span class="i0">With more than mother-tenderness to kiss</span> -<span class="i0">Your soul into assurance; mother love you?—</span> -<span class="i0">Ah, gentler than her gentlest love is this!</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Look, to His Heart your little one lies closer</span> -<span class="i0">Than even to your own heart hath it been!</span> -<span class="i0">Confide it, little mater dolorosa,</span> -<span class="i0">And rest; for know “All little lambs are in.”</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">White Springs, Fla.</span> -</div></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"><h2 class="non-vis nobreak">LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE.</h2></div> -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_068.jpg" alt="THOS. E. WATSON, AUTHOR OF RURAL FREE DELIVERY." width="600" height="145" /> -</div> - -<h3>POPULISM WILL SWEEP THE COUNTRY.</h3> - -<p class="author">Greenville, Pa., Nov. 19, 1908.<br /> -Hon. Tom Watson,<br />Thomson, Ga.</p> - -<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p> - -<p>Allow me to congratulate you on the grand fight that you made in -Georgia. Would to God that such a fight could be made in every state -in the Union. It would, and I believe that it will anyhow, sweep the -country within a shorter time than most of us dream of. Down at heart -the great mass of the people are Populists and what a people are at -heart is bound to reach the head in time.</p> - -<p>The sophistry of Mr. Bryan having now been exploded, Populism will -again get its old time consideration. Millions of voters were, by -Mr. Bryan’s boyhood days’ stand, led to believe that he was really a -Populist, which now stands so plainly refuted that no man ought longer -be fooled unless he wants to be.</p> - -<p>The suggestion on your part to call a conference would, I believe, -prove a good move. As a meeting place, the farther South and West, the -better. It would bring you closer to the great mass of voters who know -more what Populism means than we do of the East and North.</p> - -<p>What little I can do for the cause, I shall most gladly do. Always at -your command, allowed my name to be used here in the last election as a -candidate for Assembly. Got 138 votes in the county; more than enough -that our party will hereafter have a place on the ticket without having -to get out a petition.</p> - -<p>With best wishes and a God speed you in the noble work engaged, I am,</p> - -<p class="author">Very truly yours,<span class="ws4"> </span><br />WILLIAM LOOSER.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>GOVERNMENT SHOULD ISSUE ALL MONEY.</h3> - -<p class="author">Military Home, Dayton, O.<br />Oct. 20, 1908.</p> -<p class="no-indent">Thomas E. Watson,<br /> Thomsan, Ga.</p> - -<p class="no-indent">Sir:</p> - -<p>You know as well as I do that were it not for England’s paper money, -Napoleon would not have lost the battle of Waterloo. Would it not be -wise, and acceptable to all, to, in your speeches, advocate the issue -of Greenbacks exclusively by the Federal Government? Answer, Yes or No.</p> - -<p class="author">Respectfully,<span class="ws4"> </span><br />CAPT. A. R. TITUS.</p> - -<p><span class="ws3">(Yes.)</span></p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>ONLY QUESTION WORTH WHILE.</h3> - -<p class="author">Denver, Col., Oct. 13, 1908.</p> -<p class="no-indent">Hon. Thomas E. Watson,<br /> Thomson, Ga.</p> - -<p class="no-indent">Friend Watson:</p> - -<p>I want to compliment you on the splendid work you are doing in your -publications. I am glad you give space to the money question, for it is -really the only question worth while. With an insufficient money supply -no economic system, however good, will succeed. No matter how high an -ethical standard we may have or how industrious the people may be, -poverty will stalk through the land if we do not have a money volume -equal to our money needs. Our money shortage begets interest and the -consumer pays all interest in commercial transactions. What is our money -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> -shortage? I place it at not less than fifteen billion. We could use -thirteen billion for the one purpose of conserving wealth, and we could -certainly use two billion in active circulation. Our bank deposits -were more than thirteen billion, and we had less than three billion in -circulation. The fact that we can and do use credit to help out the -money shortage, does not alter the fact that we should have tangible -money to use instead of being forced to use credit, which always -carries with it the <b>interest</b> charge.</p> - -<p>But enough of this. No answer expected, though I do appreciate a letter -from you. I know your time is too precious. A man that writes for -millions now and millions yet to come can not afford to write to one -lone person, and I think you are <b>writing for the ages</b>.</p> - -<p class="author">Yours with best wishes,<span class="ws4"> </span><br /> -RICHARD WOLFE.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>WE ALSO WISH IT.</h3> - -<p class="author">Luzerne, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1908.</p> -<p class="no-indent">Hon. Thomas E. Watson,<br /> Thomson, Ga.</p> - -<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p> - -<p>I wish it were possible for you to make sufficient inroads in the -South to help build up a great new party which would have some honest -convictions as to the people’s right to rule themselves, a democracy of -vital grip.</p> - -<p class="author">Success to you,<span class="ws4"> </span><br /> -GEO. THOMAS.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>A FINE LETTER FROM<br /> MRS. MARION TODD.</h3> - -<p class="author">Springport, Mich., Dec. 16, 1908.</p> -<p class="no-indent">My Dear Mr. Watson:</p> - -<p>Anything that appears to have your endorsement is worthy of -consideration, and, as the language of Dr. S. Leland, in your last -Magazine, in his speech refers to woman in an offensive manner, I -inflict this article upon you and consider it only fair that it be -placed before the same readers. Dr. Leland refers to woman in the -following language:</p> - -<p>“They will be anything for love, and if they can’t get that * * * some -will rush into the lecture field—join the Salvation Army—form Women’s -Rights Societies, and do deeds that make the angels weep.”</p> - -<p>It’s not surprising that women join the Salvation Army, since it’s an -Army that has done more good than all the churches on earth have ever -done; but what really puzzles me is how Dr. Leland happened to know -that the angels weep because women rush into the lecture field—form -Women’s Rights Societies, etc. Was he so close to the angels that he -could hear the rustle of their wings? There is no known record of -angels weeping over woman suffrage societies, etc. The only thing that -approaches a record of weeping angels is, that Lucifer, in his tilt -with heavenly comrades, <b>might</b> have wept, not because of woman -suffrage societies, evidently, but probably because he happened to be -kicked over the battlements of Glory. We hope Dr. Leland, who is now -dead, found better favor in the beyond than did Lucifer, since he was -no doubt as good a man would like to find a place could be.</p> - -<p>Dr. Leland informs us that “true women are not public -brawlers”—otherwise lecturers. The poor, dear man! Did he think a -public lecturer had to be a brawler? The sainted Mary E. Willard was a -public lecturer, imagine her a public brawler! She did more good than -and left an Influence superior to that of any man in the nation. Her -name is found upon the scroll of honor, where many a man would like to -find a place. Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth is a <b>public speaker</b>. -Let all men uncover their heads at the mention of her name.</p> - -<p>Dr. Leland says: “Administrative faculties are not hers.”</p> - -<p>Without a trial how could he know she was so deficient? Man has -demonstrated his ability in that line; God forbid that woman develops -the same kind if the opportunity ever occurs.</p> - -<p>Public plunder and panics, the murder of babies in workshop and -factory, a Congress, so corrupt that trusts and corporations rule the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> -land—such is the administration of man. Dr. Leland says the forum is -no place for her silver voice, but the rotten reign of man makes it the -most appropriate place, for the cesspool will not cleanse itself. We -are informed further that “woman discusses <b>not</b> the course of the -planets.” What the discussion of the planets has to do with the right -of suffrage is not exactly clear, as I believe there are a few voters -who are unqualified to discuss the course of the planets. In case -it has a bearing, I would announce that it was a woman who drew the -world’s prize in competition with the wisest in this line but a short -time ago. The Doctor said:</p> - -<p>“She guides <b>no</b> vessels through the night and tempest across the -trackless sea.” But she does greater things. She possesses the heart -and heroism to jeopardize her life in rescuing the shipwrecked. We have -many a Grace Darling, we have many a Florence Nightingale, who have -manifested greater bravery and brain than required to guide a vessel. -But this latter charge will not hold today.</p> - -<p>Finally, as a clincher, the Doctor stated that “the strength of -Milton’s poetic vision is far beyond her delicate perception, she would -have been affrighted at that fiery sea upon whose flaming billows—</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">‘Satan, with head above the waves<br /></span> -<span class="i1">And eyes that sparkling blazed.’”<br /></span> -</div></div> - -<p>We <b>again</b> find the Doctor an <b>incompetent</b> judge of woman. -A wife who has to encounter a drunken husband time after time, and who -lives in terror of her life, is used to blazing eyes and bleared eyes, -and all kinds. She would prefer to meet Satan, any time, for there is -no record of his being a “drunk.”</p> - -<p>Woman asks for the ballot that she may vote this worst of hells out of -her life. Yet we find men who respect her so much they would withhold -this privilege of defense.</p> - -<p>Such chivalry is sick and needs medicine.</p> - -<p class="author">(Mrs.) Marion Todd.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>A VICTIM OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE.</h3> -<p class="no-indent">Dear Mr. Watson:</p> - -<p>I am requested to write out the details of the execution of a -Confederate soldier at Morton, Mississippi, in July, 1863. I will -endeavor to do so to the best of my recollection; and I think that what -I shall write will be substantially correct, because the incident is -frescoed upon my memory.</p> - -<p>During the siege of Vicksburg, General Joseph E. Johnson was placed in -command of the Army in Mississippi which was being organized outside -to relieve General Pemberton. General W. H. T. Walker commanded a -division in said Army. His command consisted of the brigares of Guist, -Wilson, McNair, Ector and Gregg. I was on the staff of General Gregg. -We were for some time at Yazoo City preparing to move on the rear of -General Grant, who was then closely besieging Vicksburg. When we got -ready and our large supply train prepared (which we expected to take -into Vicksburg), we marched from Yazoo City towards the Big Black Creek -and encamped some days at a little hamlet called Vernon, a few miles -West of Canton. While in camp there, one day a regiment of cavalry -passed along the road, by the side of which the 46th Georgia Regiment -was encamped. This regiment was commanded by Colonel Peyton Colquitt, -who was afterwards killed at Chickamauga. Some one recognized a man in -the cavalry who formerly belonged to the 46th Georgia. The soldier had -deserted from the latter regiment whilst it was on the Georgia coast, -and joined this regiment of cavalry. He was arrested—charges preferred -against him for desertion. He was tried by a court martial which was -sitting at Vernon.</p> - -<p>The man was convicted, but no publication was then made of the results -of the trial, but the findings were regularly forwarded to General -Johnson’s headquarters, and then we broke camp and moved down to the -Big Black for the purpose of crossing to attack General Grant. Indeed, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> -we reached the point to cross on the night of July 3rd, and the -engineer corps was preparing to throw the pontoons across, when news -came that Vicksburg had surrendered. Then we commenced our retrograde -movement towards Jackson—passing through Clinton, Mississippi, en -route. Sherman was sent in pursuit and we reached Jackson one day ahead -of him and went into the works which had been prepared for the defense -of Jackson.</p> - -<p>Sherman immediately extended his besieging lines with both flanks -resting on Pearl River, forming a semi-circle, leaving the Eastern side -of the city open for our retreat. I think we remained there one week -before retreating. General Johnson found it impossible to keep Sherman -from crossing the river and getting in his rear and, therefore, -evacuated the works and took up his line of march one night towards -Meridian. After we were some distance on the road beyond Brandon, a -terrific rain-storm came on, with heavy thunder and lightning. The -rain was so heavy and the night so dark the troops scarcely march, -encountering here and there wagons and artillery stuck in the mud.</p> - -<p>We reached Morton about daylight and went into camp. The sun rose in -all its brightness and intensity of July heat. The troops were drying -off and preparing their camp for cooking, etc., when this convicted -soldier struggled up to the provost guard and said to the Major in -command: “Well, Major, I got lost last night but am up as soon as I -could find you.” The officer turned over to the guard and said: “I am -sorry you came up for orders have been issued that you must be shot -today at one o’clock p. m.”</p> - -<p>When General Walker learned of this incident, his sympathies were -aroused and he and Major Cumming mounted their horses and rode to -General Johnson’s headquarters. General Walker dismounted, recited -the facts to his superior officer and interceded for the poor fellow. -The only reply was: “General Walker, my orders must be obeyed.” The -latter saluted and replied, “General, they shall be,” and mounted his -horse. With tears in his eyes he instructed Major Cumming to have Major -Schauff (I do not know that I spell this name correctly) make a detail -for the execution and carry it out at 1 o’clock promptly.</p> - -<p>He then ordered the division out to witness the execution. The brigade -formed three sides of a square in a large old field flanked by second -growth of pines; the grave had been dug in the center of it, his coffin -resting on the further side from the firing squad. The condemned man -asked not to be blindfolded; his hands were tied behind his back, -he knelt on his coffin, and in the presence of the whole division, -including his old 46th Georgia Regiment and his comrades therein, and -was shot to death, placed in his box, or coffin, and was buried right -there in that old field.</p> - -<p>The saddest part of it was that the testimony showed he had been so -good and gallant soldier in his adopted regiment, and he stated the -only reason he left the 46th Georgia was that he got tired of inaction -down on the coast and wanted to be where he could do some fighting. He -also stated that he had a wife and child at home in Georgia.</p> - -<p>I wish I knew his name and Company, but I do not. Major Cumming may.</p> - -<p>I think these facts are substantially correct, and hope they will be of -some service to you.</p> - -<p class="author">M. P. CARROLL.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_071.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="112" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p> - -<div class="chapter"><h2 class="non-vis nobreak">BOOK REVIEWS</h2></div> -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_072.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="225" /> -</div> -<hr class="r25" /> - -<h3>Poem Outlines.</h3> -<p class="center">By Sidney Lanier.</p> -<p class="center space-below2">Charles Scribner’s Sons,<br /> Publishers, New York.</p> - -<p>D’Israeli’s “Calamities and Quarrels of Authors” may be ransacked in -vain for an example of misfortune, suffering and heroic combat with -adversity, more pathetic and more admirable than that of Sidney Lanier.</p> - -<p>The literary history of our own country presents many an instance of -the neglected genius, struggling with poverty, but none of them appeals -to us quite so powerfully as does that of the Georgia poet who wrote -the “Hymn to Sunrise”—wrote it when his hand was too weak to lift food -to his mouth and when his fever temperature was 104.</p> - -<p>Born in Macon, Ga., in 1842, he had hardly graduated, with the first -honor, at Oglethorpe College, before the Civil War drew him, a youth of -eighteen, into the Macon Volunteers, the first Georgia troops that went -to the front.</p> - -<p>At the end of the war,—in which he had been in several battles and had -spent months in prison—he returned on foot to Georgia.</p> - -<p>After a long and desperate illness, he went to Alabama, where he -clerked in a store in Montgomery, and then became a school teacher.</p> - -<p>He married in 1868 and soon afterwards had the first hemorrhage from -the lungs.</p> - -<p>Returning to Macon, he studied law and began its practice, with his -father.</p> - -<p>The lung trouble was a fixture, however, and he went to New York for -treatment. The remainder of his life presents the distressing spectacle -of pursuer and pursued—the Disease in chase of the victim. We find -him now in Texas, then in Florida, now in Pennsylvania, then in North -Carolina,—with his remorseless enemy on his trail, always.</p> - -<p>In the occasional improvements in his health, in the temporary respites -from the implacable foe, was done the literary work which gives Sidney -Lanier his place in the hall of fame. A born musician, he played organ, -piano, flute, violin, banjo and guitar, but his preference was the -violin and his specialty the flute.</p> - -<p>It was his exquisite music on the flute which secured and held for him -the leadership of the Peabody Symphony Concerts, in Baltimore. To this -city he went to live in 1873, and Baltimore was his home during the few -years that were left to him.</p> - -<p>There is no record of a braver struggle with poverty and disease than -that made by the Georgia poet during these last tragical years.</p> - -<p>Fugitive writings for the magazines, lecture courses to private -classes, books in prose and books in verse, first-flute in an -orchestra, public lectures at the Peabody Institute, and then the final -scene in North Carolina where the long, hideous battle comes to its -pitiful close. (Aug. 1881.)</p> - -<p>It is not probable that Sidney Lanier ever got much money out of his -books.</p> - -<p>“Tiger Lilies,” his novel, made no hit; “The Science of English Verse” -could not possibly appeal to many; and even his volumes of verse had -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> -no considerable recognition during the poet’s life-time. Indeed, it -is doubtful whether Lanier will ever be one of the favorites of all -classes, like Burns and Byron, Longfellow and Bret Harte.</p> - -<p>It appears to be the literal fact that the Georgia poet was -<b>always</b> hard up. Poverty and Consumption were <b>always</b> -dogging his steps. To keep himself and family from want, he <b>had</b> -to be first-flute in the Concert, <b>had</b> to deliver those lectures. -No matter how weak he was, no matter how ill and depressed, he -<b>had</b> to go,—and he <b>did</b> go and go and go, until he was -so far spent that it may be said that <b>his last lectures were the -death-rattle of a dying man</b>. It is said that his hearers, to whom -his condition was but too evident, listened to these final discourses -“in a kind of fascinated terror.”</p> - -<p>Read this extract from one of his letters to his wife:</p> - -<p>“So many great ideas for Art are born to me each day, <b>I am swept -away into the land of All-Delight by their strenuous sweet whirlwind</b>; -and I find within myself such entire, yet humble, confidence of -possessing every single element of power to carry them all out, save -the little paltry sum of money that would suffice to keep us clothed -and fed in the meantime.</p> - -<p>“<b>I do not understand this.</b>”</p> - -<p>(The black type is ours.)</p> - -<p>It reminds one of that letter of Edgar Poe, written to Childers of -Georgia, requesting a small loan and saying simply, abjectly, “I am so -miserably poor and friendless.”</p> - -<p>His poverty cowed Poe, and caused him to do unmanly things. Poverty -did not cow Sidney Lanier, and never in his life did he do an unmanly -thing. Much of the time he was not able to have his family with him. -Therefore, the battle that was fought by this unfearing soul was a sick -man, a lonely man, a care-worn man, a sensitive man, a very poor man -against odds that he knew he could not long resist.</p> - -<p>In 1905, Charles Scribner’s Sons brought out a complete collection of -the “Poems of Sidney Lanier, edited by his wife.” Of those poems we -have not space to write.</p> - -<p>The present volume is unique and to those who value the brief -suggestion which fires a train of thought, it is valuable,—exceedingly -so.</p> - -<p>Not all of these “Outlines” are properly so called. Many of them are as -complete in themselves as are the Cameos of Walter Savage Landor.</p> - -<p>Like other Georgia bards—A. R. Watson, Dr. Frank Tickner, Joel -Chandler Harris, Frank L. Stanton and Don Marquis,—Sidney Lanier could -put so much thought and beauty into four lines as to give one a sense -of perfection.</p> - -<p>For example,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i6">“And then</span> -<span class="i0">A gentle violin <b>mated</b> with the flute,</span> -<span class="i0"><b>And both flew off into a wood of harmony,</b></span> -<span class="i6"><b>Two doves of tone</b>.”</span> -</div></div></div> - -<p><b>That</b> is not the “<b>Outline</b>” of a poem; it is <b>a poem</b>, -perfect in its way and complete in itself. <b>There was nothing more to -be said.</b></p> - -<p>Again,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i3">“<b>Tolerance, like a Harbor</b>, lay</span> -<span class="i4">Smooth and shining and secure,</span> -<span class="i4"><b>Where ships carrying every flag</b></span> -<span class="i4"><b>Of faith were anchored in peace</b>.”</span> -</div></div></div> - -<p>This also,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i3">“Who doubts but Eve had a rose in her hair</span> -<span class="i6">Ere fig leaves fettered her limbs?</span> -<span class="i4">So Life wore poetry’s perfect rose</span> -<span class="i6">Before ’twas clothed with economic prose.”</span> -</div></div></div> - -<p>And,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i3">“How did’st thou win her, Death?</span> -<span class="i4">Thou art the only rival that ever made her cold to me.”</span> -</div></div></div> - -<p>And,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i3">“Wan Silence lying, lip on ground.</span> -<span class="i4"><b>An outcast Angel from the heaven of sound</b>,</span> -<span class="i10">Prone and desolate</span> -<span class="i10">By the shut Gate.” -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></span> -</div></div></div> - -<p>One more selection, and we leave off:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i7">“Look out Death, I am coming,</span> -<span class="i0"><b>Art thou not glad?</b> What talks we’ll have,</span> -<span class="i8"><b>What mem’ries of old battles</b>.</span> -<span class="i0">Come, bring the bowl, Death; I am thirsty.”</span> -</div></div></div> - -<p>This is no “Outline”; it is a complete poem, <b>a terribly complete -poem</b>. Like the flash in a night of storm, it lights up a world of -raging elements and universal gloom.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<h3>“Pokahuntas, Maid of Jamestown.”</h3> -<p class="center">By Anne Sanford Green.</p> -<p class="center">The Exponent Press,<br /> Culpeper, Va.</p> - -<p>In the Introduction, the author says,</p> - -<p>“We have expended great pains, and much time and thought, to -demonstrate that the whole story of Pokahuntas and John Smith was -mainly true, and not mythological, and unfit to be told, as some -Virginia historians have been at pains to prove.</p> - -<p>“But really, that it was true that Captain John Smith loved the Indian -maiden, and that he was the one love of her life.”</p> - -<p>The author cites the county records of Virginia to substantiate the -facts upon which her story rests, and uses extensively the work of -Annas Todkill, “My Lady Pokahuntas,” published in the seventeenth -century.</p> - -<p>Out of these materials has been evolved a narrative which is deeply -interesting. How the Indian girl saved Captain Smith’s life, how she -came to love him, how she saved the colony from starvation, how the -enemies of Captain Smith finally made his position unbearable and how -he sailed away, after a tender leave-taking of Pokahuntas, how the -ungrateful colonists captured the girl and held her as hostage, how the -report of Captain Smith’s death came to Jamestown and was believed by -all, how the Indian maiden was wooed and won by Rolfe, how she went to -England and was the honored guest of royalty, how she saw Captain Smith -at Shakespeare’s theatre, how her love for him revived and filled her -with despair, how she sickened and died,—such is the outline of this -fascinating story. The author tells it, without the waste of a word, -and with simplicity, directness and force.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<h3>Disastrous Financial Panics:<br /> Cause and Remedy.</h3> -<p class="center">By Jesse Gillmore,</p> -<p class="center">San Diego, Cal.<br /> Price 25 cents.</p> - -<p>“Indeed, a most love of a book,” wrote some one rapturously of a volume -which had pleased him immensely. One is tempted to repeat the phrase -in reference to Mr. Gillmore’s little work, because he has swept -out the ambiguous, the obscure and tiresome, condensed statistical -tables into a few lines and made his subject vitally interesting. The -difficulty of enlightening a majority of people on the evils of our -financial system consists in the refusal of the reader to be bored by -dreary compilations of figures and tedious elaborations. Mr. Gillmore’s -book is history and logic in so entertaining a form that the reader -is delighted; and even a school boy would find in it nothing dull or -confusing. The true test of a popular work on an instructive subject -really is whether or not it is laid down by the reader with a definite: -“Why, I understand that. It was never made so plain to me before.”</p> - -<p>The small price and the ease with which the pamphlet may be handled -and read should make “Disastrous Financial Panics” a very valuable -contribution to the cause of reform.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>The Cure of Consumption, Coughs and Colds.</h3> -<p class="center">By Fred. K. Kaessman.<br /> Price 10 cents.</p> -<p class="center">Health-Wealth Publishing House,<br /> Lawrence, Mass.</p> - -<p>A neat booklet containing encouraging words and advice that will -prove exceedingly beneficial wherever practicable to follow. And even -where the suggestions cannot be carried out completely, the sufferer -from lung trouble should approximate the ideal conditions for cure as -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> -closely as possible. The work emphasizes the value of fresh air, -exercise and wholesome food and the worthlessness of patent nostrums.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<h3>Usury.</h3> -<p class="center">By Calvin Elliott.<br /> Price $1.</p> -<p class="center">Published by the Anti-Usury League,<br /> Albany, Oregon.</p> - -<p>It is safe to say that more sincere Christians have been gulled into -submission to injustice and oppression by the Scriptural phrase, -“Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s,” than by anything else. -Therefore, Mr. Calvin’s careful analysis of the economical situation -created by the custom of exacting usury is enormously strengthened by -his clear conception of the true meaning of Bible sayings. He traces -the history of interest through both Old and New Testaments down to -the present time and shows beyond cavil the inquiry of a system which -insures the perpetual enslavement of a debt-paying class for the -benefit of a moneyed aristocracy.</p> - -<p class="space-below2">There can be no freedom so long as usury -endures. We may sometimes sigh for the power of a king—but what -European monarch does not servilely bow to the will of the house of -Rothschild? Until we have corrected the ability to extort taxes from -generations yet unborn, we may expect neither liberty, nor justice nor -equality.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_075.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="327" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="f150"><b>EVOLUTION</b></p> -<p class="center">By LANGDON SMITH</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">When you were a tadpole and I was a fish,</span> -<span class="i4">In the Paleozoic time,</span> -<span class="i0">And side by side on the ebbing tide,</span> -<span class="i4">We sprawled through the ooze and slime,</span> -<span class="i0">Or skittered with many a caudal flip,</span> -<span class="i4">Through the depths of the Cambrian fen,</span> -<span class="i0">My heart was rife with the joy of life,</span> -<span class="i4">For I loved you even then.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Mindless we lived and mindless we loved,</span> -<span class="i4">And mindless at last we died;</span> -<span class="i0">And deep in a rift of the Caradoc drift</span> -<span class="i4">We slumbered side by side.</span> -<span class="i0">The world turned on in the lathe of time,</span> -<span class="i4">The hot lands heaved amain,</span> -<span class="i0">Till we caught our breath from the womb of death,</span> -<span class="i4">And crept into light again.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">We were amphibians, scaled and tailed,</span> -<span class="i4">And drab as a dead man’s hand;</span> -<span class="i0">We coiled at ease ’neath the dripping trees,</span> -<span class="i4">Or trailed through the mud and sand,</span> -<span class="i0">Croaking and blind, with our three-clawed feet</span> -<span class="i4">Writing a language dumb,</span> -<span class="i0">With never a spark in the empty dark</span> -<span class="i4">To hint at a life to come.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Yet happy we lived, and happy we loved,</span> -<span class="i4">And happy we died once more;</span> -<span class="i0">Our forms were rolled in the clinging mold</span> -<span class="i4">Of a Neocomian shore.</span> -<span class="i0">The eons came, and the eons fled,</span> -<span class="i4">And the sleep that wrapped us fast</span> -<span class="i0">Was riven away in a newer day,</span> -<span class="i4">And the night of death was past.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Then light and swift through the jungle trees</span> -<span class="i4">We swung in our airy flights,</span> -<span class="i0">Or breathed in the balms of the fronded palms,</span> -<span class="i4">In the hush of the moonless nights.</span> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> -<span class="i0">And oh! what beautiful years were these,</span> -<span class="i4">When our hearts clung each to each;</span> -<span class="i0">When life was filled, and our senses thrilled</span> -<span class="i4">In the first faint dawn of speech.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Thus life by life, and love by love,</span> -<span class="i4">We passed through the cycles strange,</span> -<span class="i0">And breath by breath, and death by death,</span> -<span class="i4">We followed the chain of change.</span> -<span class="i0">Till there came a time in the law of life</span> -<span class="i4">When over the nursing sod</span> -<span class="i0">The shadows broke, and the soul awoke</span> -<span class="i4">In a strange, dim dream of God.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">I was thewed like an Auroch bull,</span> -<span class="i4">And tusked like the great Cave Bear;</span> -<span class="i0">And you, my sweet, from head to feet,</span> -<span class="i4">Were gowned in your glorious hair.</span> -<span class="i0">Deep in the gloom of a fireless cave,</span> -<span class="i4">When the night fell o’er the plain,</span> -<span class="i0">And the moon hung red o’er the river bed,</span> -<span class="i4">We mumbled the bones of the slain.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">I flaked a flint to a cutting edge,</span> -<span class="i4">And shaped it with brutish craft;</span> -<span class="i0">I broke a shank from the woodland dank.</span> -<span class="i4">And fitted it, head and haft,</span> -<span class="i0">Then I hid me close to the reedy tarn,</span> -<span class="i4">Where the Mammoth came to drink—</span> -<span class="i0">Through brawn and bone I drove the stone,</span> -<span class="i4">And slew him upon the brink.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Loud I howled through the moonlit wastes,</span> -<span class="i4">Loud answered our kith and kin;</span> -<span class="i0">From west and east to the crimson feast,</span> -<span class="i4">The clan came trooping in.</span> -<span class="i0">O’er joint and gristle and padded hoof,</span> -<span class="i4">We fought, and clawed and tore,</span> -<span class="i0">And cheek by jowl, with many a growl,</span> -<span class="i4">We talked the marvel o’er.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">I carved the fight on a reindeer bone,</span> -<span class="i4">With rude and hairy hand,</span> -<span class="i0">I pictured his fall on the cavern wall</span> -<span class="i4">That men might understand.</span> -<span class="i0">For we lived by blood, and the right of might,</span> -<span class="i4">Ere human laws were drawn,</span> -<span class="i0">And the age of sin did not begin</span> -<span class="i4">Till our brutal tusks were gone.</span> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">And that was a million years ago,</span> -<span class="i4">In a time that no man knows;</span> -<span class="i0">Yet here tonight in the mellow light,</span> -<span class="i4">We sit at Delmonico’s;</span> -<span class="i0">Your eyes are deep as the Devon springs,</span> -<span class="i4">Your hair is dark as jet;</span> -<span class="i0">Your years are few, your life is new,</span> -<span class="i4">Your soul untried, and yet—</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Our trail is on the Kimmeridge clay,</span> -<span class="i4">And the scarp of the Purbeck flags,</span> -<span class="i0">We have left our bones in the Bagshot stones,</span> -<span class="i4">And deep in the Coraline crags;</span> -<span class="i0">Our love is old, our lives are old,</span> -<span class="i4">And death shall come amain;</span> -<span class="i0">Should it come today, what man may say,</span> -<span class="i4">We shall not live again?</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">God wrought our souls from the Tremadoc beds</span> -<span class="i4">And furnished them wings to fly;</span> -<span class="i0">He sowed our spawn in the world’s dim dawn,</span> -<span class="i4">And I know that it shall not die.</span> -<span class="i0">Though cities have sprung above the graves</span> -<span class="i4">Where the crook-boned men made war,</span> -<span class="i0">And the ox-wain creaks o’er the buried caves,</span> -<span class="i4">Where the mummied mammoths are.</span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Then as we linger at luncheon here,</span> -<span class="i4">O’er many a dainty dish,</span> -<span class="i0">Let us drink anew to the time when you</span> -<span class="i4">Were a tadpole and I was a fish.</span> -</div></div></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ed. Note</span>: Above striking poem is reproduced at the special -request of a friend.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/i_078.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="269" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="f200"><b>Bargain In Books</b></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p>We have a few copies left of the bound volumes of the Jeffersonian -Magazine for 1907, which we will give away as a premium or sell at a -greatly reduced price.</p> - -<p>As a premium you can secure these two handsome volumes for three -subscribers to the Weekly or to the Magazine at one dollar each. On -receipt of your remittance of three dollars we will send you the books.</p> - -<p>During the year 1907 Mr. Watson contributed to the Jeffersonian -Magazine some of the ablest and most thoughtful articles that have come -from his pen.</p> - -<p>The two volumes are well bound, finely illustrated, and contain serial -stories, fiction and cartoons. They form a pictorial history of the -world for the year.</p> -</div> - -<p class="f120"><b>PRICE:<br />Two handsome volumes $1.50</b></p> - -<p class="f120"><b>PREMIUM:<br />For three subscriptions at one dollar<br /> -each to Magazine or Weekly</b></p> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="f200"><b>The Jeffersonians</b></p> -<p class="f120"><b>Thomson, Ga.</b></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="f200 u space-below2"><b>New Books by Mr. Watson</b></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p><span class="fontsize_200"><b>Waterloo</b></span></p> -<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>$1.50</b></span></p> - -<p>This is a thorough and intelligent account of the three days’ struggle. -Mr. Watson analyzes the characters of the generals in command; he -describes in detail the positions occupied by the various bodies of -soldiery, and compares the relative strength and advantage of the -several positions; he searches, so far as may be, into the motives and -strategy of the two opposing generals, and he discusses the spirit and -character of the two armies. Step by step, without haste and with -unflagging interest, he resolves the confusion, “the shouting and the -tumult,” to an orderly sequence, a “clear-cut study of cause and -effect.”</p> - -<p>Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> -<p><span class="fontsize_150"><b>Life and Speeches of Thos. E. Watson</b></span></p> -<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>$1.50</b></span></p> - -<p>The Biographical Sketch was written by Mr. Watson, and the Speeches -selected by him. These include Literary, Labor-Day, Economic and -Political addresses.</p> - -<p>Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> -<p><span class="fontsize_150"><b>Handbook of Politics and Economics</b></span></p> -<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>$1.00</b></span></p> - -<p>Contains platforms and history of political parties in the United -States, with separate chapters on important legislation, great public -questions, and a mass of valuable statistical information on social and -economic matters. Illustrated by original cartoons by Gordon Nye.</p> - -<p>Premium for 2 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> -<p><span class="fontsize_150"><b>Sketches of Roman History</b></span></p> -<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>.50</b></span></p> - -<p>The Gracchi, Marius, Sylla, Spartacus, Jugurtha, Julius Caesar, -Octavius, Anthony and Cleopatra. Pictures the struggle of the Roman -people against the class legislation and privilege which led to the -downfall of Rome.</p> - -<p>Premium for 1 new subscriber to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00, sent by -another than the subscriber.</p> -</div> -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="transnote bbox space-above2"> -<p class="f120 space-above1">Transcriber’s Notes:</p> -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="indent">The cover image was created by the transcriber, and is in the public domain.</p> -<p class="indent">Antiquated spellings were preserved.</p> -<p class="indent">The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up - paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.</p> -<p class="indent">Typographical errors have been silently corrected.</p> -<p class="indent">The <b>Table of Contents</b> was modified to make it agree - with the page numbers.</p> -</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE, (VOL. 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