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If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Tacoma: Electric City of the Pacific Coast, 1904 - -Author: Louis W. Pratt - -Release Date: January 26, 2021 [eBook #64395] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TACOMA: ELECTRIC CITY OF THE -PACIFIC COAST, 1904 *** - - - - - -[Illustration: - - TACOMA - - ELECTRIC CITY - OF THE - PACIFIC COAST - - 1904 -] - - - - -Tacoma Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade - - -OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES 1903-4 - - WILLIAM JONES, _President_. - - A. F. ALBERTSON, _Vice President_. - - HENRY A. RHODES, _Treasurer_. - - J. S. WHITEHOUSE, _Secretary_. - - JOSHUA PEIRCE - CHARLES BEDFORD - GEORGE W. FOWLER - JESSE S. JONES - THOMAS B. WALLACE - E. J. FELT - S. R. BALKWILL - WM. H. SNELL - R. L. McCORMICK - ALEXANDER TINLING - WILLIAM VIRGES - R. G. HUDSON - -This pamphlet is issued by the Tacoma Chamber of Commerce and Board of -Trade. Its object is to present reliable information concerning Tacoma -and to interest in this city those who desire a location on the Pacific -Slope in which to engage in business, manufacturing or shipping, or a -desirable place in which to live. - -The information herein contained is reliable and the statistics are -official and up-to-date. - -Further or special information of any character will be cheerfully -furnished upon application to the - - SECRETARY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE - TACOMA, WASH. - - MADE IN TACOMA—— - HALF-TONES BY TACOMA ENGRAVING CO. - PRESS OF ALLEN & LAMBORN PRINTING CO. - - - - -TACOMA—1904 - -BY LOUIS W. PRATT. - - -Tacoma, the Electric City of the Pacific Coast, and the chief seaport -of the North Pacific, is situated at the head of ocean navigation on -Puget Sound in latitude 47° 15´ north and longitude 122° 25´ west from -Greenwich. Being further north than Duluth or Quebec, Tacoma is supposed -by many to be bleak and cold. A popular misapprehension among Eastern -people seems to be that Puget Sound is somewhere near Alaska and that for -half of the year the people contend with snow and ice. - - -CLIMATE AND HEALTH. - -The climate of the Pacific Slope west of the Cascade Mountains is -tempered by the Pacific Ocean, the “Japan current” and the equable -southwesterly winds. The climate resembles that of Western Europe rather -than that of the American Continent east of the Rocky Mountains. Tacoma -is four degrees further south than London, in about the same latitude -as Nantes, the chief city of Brittany, near the mouth of the Loire. The -climate of Puget Sound is warmer in winter and cooler in summer than that -of Southern England, and is the most equable, salubrious and delightful -to be found in the United States. - -[Illustration: Eleventh Street at Pacific Avenue.] - -TACOMA’S winters are open, the grass is green and flowers bloom out of -doors every month in the year. Last winter the temperature fell below the -freezing point (32° above zero, Fahrenheit), on one day in November, six -days in December, three days in January, five days in February and eight -days in March. The minimum temperature on the coldest day in November was -28° above zero; in December, 29°; in January, 26°; in February, 23°; and -in March, 29°. It would be more accurate to speak of the “winter” months -as the “rainy season,” for one-half of the annual precipitation, which -amounted to 45.11 inches in 1903, an amount slightly above the average -rainfall, fell during the three months of January, November and December. -TACOMA has little snow and no ice. Cyclones or furious winds, in this -peculiarly sheltered region between the Olympics and the Cascades, are -unknown. - -[Illustration: City Hall. Pierce County Court House.] - -TACOMA’S summer climate is equally free from extremes. The temperature -rarely rises to 80° Fahrenheit on summer afternoons. In the summer of -1903, for example, the mercury rose to 80° on only three days in June, -two days in July, once in August and once in September. The nights -are always cool, the days bright and balmy. Thunder and lightning are -exceedingly rare occurrences. Nowhere in the world is the climate more -conducive to health, longevity, exhilaration of mind and body, and to the -production of flowers, fruits, forests and crops in greater abundance and -variety. - -TACOMA is one of the healthiest cities in the world. The number of deaths -during the last census year was 425, indicating an annual death rate of -11.3 per 1,000, which is fully one-third less than the average annual -death rate for the United States, 17.4 per 1,000, and almost the lowest -reported from any one of the registration cities of the country. Since -1900 the death rate at TACOMA has decreased. The total number of deaths -for twelve months ending June 30, 1904, was 520. The population of the -city has increased 60 per cent. since the last federal census was taken -and the annual death rate does not now exceed 8.67 per 1,000. Tacoma may -fairly claim to be the healthiest city in the world. - -[Illustration: Tacoma in 1871.] - - -DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS. - -TACOMA is the youngest of the maritime cities of the United States. It -is situated on one of the finest harbors in the world. It is the leading -seaport of Puget Sound, the gateway to the Orient and Alaska. It is -second only to San Francisco on the Pacific Coast in the volume and -value of its foreign commerce. It is the chief Pacific Coast port for -steamship lines maintaining regular sailings between TACOMA and Japan, -Asiatic Russia, China and Manila; between TACOMA and London, Liverpool -and Glasgow by way of the Orient, Suez Canal and the Mediterranean, the -longest regular steamship route in the world; and between TACOMA and -Hamburg, the chief seaport of Continental Europe, by way of Mexican, -Central and South American ports. TACOMA is in direct, regular steamship -communication with Alaska, San Francisco, Honolulu and New York. TACOMA -is the western headquarters and chief Pacific Coast terminal of the -Northern Pacific railway and the headquarters and western terminal of the -Tacoma Eastern railroad, the most important independent railway in the -State and the tourist route to Paradise Valley and Mount Tacoma. TACOMA -handles the largest railway freight traffic of any city in the Pacific -Northwest. It is the center and operating point of a system of city, -suburban, and interurban electric railways, with 135 miles of track. -It is the chief emporium, manufacturing and distributing point for the -leading staple products of the forests, farms, mines and waters of the -State of Washington and Alaska, and the “Inland Empire,” the valleys of -the Upper Columbia and Snake Rivers in Eastern Washington and Idaho, -between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains. It is the chief -wheat exporting and flour milling city of the Pacific Coast. It is the -first city of the Pacific Northwest in manufactures. It is the electric -city of the Pacific Coast with natural power resources unequalled at -any city in America except Niagara Falls. It is the “home City” of the -North Pacific Coast, and possesses scenic attractions which evoked from -Sir Henry Irving the declaration that TACOMA has the most beautiful -situation and environment of all the cities he had visited in the world. -It is an educational, literary, musical and social center, with several -institutions of higher learning, a Public Library, a famous Museum, 800 -acres of parks of surpassing beauty, broad streets, fine public and -private buildings, theaters, hotels, churches, hospitals, charitable and -benevolent institutions and a rapidly growing population of enterprising, -prosperous and hospitable people. - - -TACOMA’S ORIGIN AND NAME. - -TACOMA dates its birth from July 14, 1873. On that day the commissioners -appointed to locate the Puget Sound terminal of the Northern Pacific -railway decided to recommend as such a point on the south side of -Commencement Bay, in township twenty-one, range three east of the -Willamette meridian. Commencement Bay was the largest and best sheltered -harbor to be found on Puget Sound and was accessible by easy grades for -railways from the north, south and east, and by several easy passes -over the great Cascade Mountain range. Into the bay flows the Puyallup -River, fed by the eternal glaciers of Mount Tacoma, the giant dome of -snow whose image Theodore Winthrop found “displaced in the blue depths -of tranquil waters” in the bay. The shore line of the bay, stretching -ten miles from Brown’s Point at the northeast to Point Defiance at the -northwest was at the time referred to unbroken by human habitations, save -a hamlet clustering about a saw mill on the west shore of the bay, a view -of which, from a photograph taken in 1871, is presented on the opposite -page. In 1870 the federal census enumerator had found seventy-three -inhabitants at TACOMA. - -[Illustration: Tacoma in 1904. - - 1—City and Mount Tacoma from Harbor. - 2—Looking South from City Hall Tower. - 3—Manufacturing District East of City Waterway. - 4—Tacoma from McKinley Park. -] - -In the Ferry Museum is the original plat or sub-division of some lands -near the saw mill. It is entitled a map of lots at “Commencement City,” -but a line is drawn through this name and the word “TACOMA” substituted. -The owners of the land discussed the name “Commencement City” in -the officers’ room of a Portland bank and rejected it as an awkward -designation. They preferred instead the euphoneous Indian name of the -mountain which rises majestically to a height of 14,526 feet southeast -of the bay and commands the site of the city that was to be erected -apparently at its very base. When President Roosevelt was Assistant -Secretary of the Navy, he selected TACOMA as the name of a new cruiser, -remarking that in his judgment the name should have been adopted as the -name of the State, instead of Washington. - -The selection of TACOMA in 1873 as the terminus of the Northern Pacific -railway sealed its destiny as a great city. During the same year a -section of the road was completed and opened extending from the north -bank of the Columbia River at Kalama to TACOMA. The largest towns at -that time in the Pacific Northwest were Portland and Victoria. The route -between the two was by river steamer from Portland to Kalama, thence by -rail to TACOMA, and thence by sound steamer to Victoria and intermediate -points, Seattle being the largest town on the route. Fourteen years, -however, elapsed before the main transcontinental line of the Northern -Pacific crossed the Cascades and entered TACOMA from the east. - - -GROWTH IN POPULATION. - -TACOMA’S population, according to the federal census, the annual school -census, the directory lists, and other accepted bases of calculation, has -increased as follows: - - City City and - Limits. Suburbs. - 1870 73 - 1880 1,098 - 1900 37,714 42,311 - 1904 60,250 67,405 - -[Illustration: Mount Tacoma from Point Defiance.] - -The figures for 1870, 1880 and 1900 above quoted are from the federal -census. The number of names of individuals, exclusive of all names of -firms, corporations, buildings and the like, in the city directory for -1900, published by R. L. Polk & Co., was 16,951. The district canvassed -for the city directory includes the immediate suburbs, which are to all -intents and purposes a part of the community. The ratio between the -number of names in the directory of 1900 and the population of the city -and immediate suburbs, as shown by the last federal census, was 1 to 2½. -The number of names of individuals in the TACOMA city directory in 1900 -and subsequent years with the population as indicated by the use of the -multiplier 2½ is as follows: - - Names in Estimated - Year. City Directory. Population. - 1900 16,951 *42,372 - 1901 20,418 51,045 - 1902 22,186 55,455 - 1903 25,057 62,642 - 1904 26,962 67,405 - - * Federal enumeration, 42,311. - -[Illustration: - - 1—Tacoma Hotel and Totem Pole. - 2—Tacoma Theatre. - 3—Northern Pacific Headquarters Building. - 4—Tacoma Chamber of Commerce Building. -] - -This estimate of population in 1904 is confirmed by the annual school -census returns. The school census of 1904 for school district number -10, which is coextensive with the city limits, reports 13,389 children -of school age residing in the district, as compared with 9,443 in 1900. -The census of the districts contiguous to the city and embracing its -immediate suburbs show a school population in 1904 of 1,426, as compared -with 646 in 1900. The use of the multiplier 4½ applied to the school -census returns, indicates a population within the city limits in 1904 of -60,250 and in the city and its immediate suburbs of 66,667. Other cities -in the state employ a larger multiplier than 4½ to estimate population -from their school census returns. For example, Seattle applies the -multiplier 6½, and Spokane 5¾ to their school census returns in order -to confirm their liberal estimates of population. TACOMA is content to -employ a safe and conservative method of calculation. - -Postoffice receipts more than confirm the foregoing estimates as to -TACOMA’S growth and present population. The receipts of the TACOMA -postoffice for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904, were $113,599, as -compared with $63,928 for the year ending June 30, 1900. The increase -in postoffice receipts is at the rate of 14.7 per cent. in one year; -28.2 per cent. in two years; 53.7 per cent. in three years and 77.4 per -cent. in four years. The increase in population as above shown by an -increase of 10,011 in the number of names in the city directory is at the -considerably lower rate of 59.0 per cent. in four years. - - -CAUSES CONTRIBUTING TO GROWTH. - -TACOMA’S rapid growth is attributable to two principal causes. First, the -industrial, and second, the commercial development of the city. There are -abundant grounds for the prediction that TACOMA will not only continue -to hold her position as the leading manufacturing city in the State -of Washington, but will rapidly become one of the greatest industrial -centers in the world. TACOMA possesses unequalled facilities for -manufacturing in several important fields of industry. The first superior -advantage is abundance of cheap power; the second is the possession or -command of the raw materials, and the third is direct transportation -facilities placing her in touch with the markets of the world. - -[Illustration: Some New Buildings. - - 1—Masonic Temple and Hoska Building. - 2—Rhodes Bros. Department Store. - 3—Hyson Apartments. - 4—Provident Life & Trust Company’s Building. -] - - -ABUNDANCE OF COAL AND COKE. - -Mr. E. W. Parker, of the United States Geological Survey, who served -by appointment of President Roosevelt as one of the anthracite strike -arbitrators, recently called the attention of the Washington State -Press Association to the fact that Pennsylvania, Illinois, Colorado and -Washington are the chief coal-producing States in the four longitudinal -sections or belts of the United States from east to west and that each -of these States takes the lead in manufacturing among all the States in -its section. Washington has incalculable supplies of coal of excellent -quality for producing heat and generating steam. The coal is stored in -the Cascade Mountains and the mines of Pierce, Kittitas and Southern King -Counties are in close and direct railway communication with TACOMA. It -is said that the cars loaded with coal at fifty mine openings in Western -Washington, would run by gravity into TACOMA by simply unloosening -the brakes. TACOMA has huge bunkers for coaling steamships and a line -of colliers plies constantly between this port and San Francisco. The -best, if not the only coking coal yet mined in Washington is found in -abundance in Pierce County within thirty miles of TACOMA. But fuel from -the waste of the great lumber mills is so abundant and cheap in TACOMA -that the tremendous advantage of her proximity to the rich coal fields of -Washington is not as yet fully realized. - - -INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY OF POWER. - -Of even greater value than her coal as a factor in the industrial -development of TACOMA is the utilization of the enormous water power -which has its origin and source in the snow-capped and glacier-buttressed -dome of Mount Tacoma. The mountain from which TACOMA takes her name is an -inexhaustible reservoir of power whose efficiency is immeasurable. TACOMA -lies at its feet and is the natural outlet and market for its harnessed -energies. - -Science has discovered the means for the conversion of water power -into electrical energy transmissible over a wire from the place of its -generation to a convenient point for its application and use. There is a -loss in transmission which increases with the distance. Therefore TACOMA, -which is the nearest seaport and railway terminal to the mountain from -whose dizzy heights torrents of water rush ceaselessly to the sea level, -is favored by her geographical position in the use of this power. There -are numerous streams which make a descent of thousands of feet within -fifty miles of the city. Capital has been enlisted and freely expended in -the work of generating power for industrial and transportation purposes, -besides current for light and heat. - -[Illustration: Puget Sound Power Company’s Plant. - - 1—Power House, 3 Units In Operation. - 2—View of Flume Line. - 3—Penstock Line and Power House. - 4—Placing Water Wheel and Rotor Shaft in Bearings. - 5—Intake and Dam at Head Works. -] - - -POWER PLANT AT ELECTRON. - -The largest plant in the world for the generation of electric current -by water power, with the single exception of the power plant at Niagara -Falls, has been installed during the last eighteen months by the Puget -Sound Power Company, of TACOMA, at Electron, twenty-eight miles southeast -of TACOMA, near Lake Kapowsin, on the Tacoma Eastern railroad. The work -of installing the power plant at Electron was commenced early in 1903. -The first unit of 5,000-horse power was ready for trial on April 14, -1904, and before the end of July, 1904, four 5,000-horse power units, -making a total of 20,000-horse power, were completely installed and in -commercial operation. The Puget Sound Power Company is owned by Messrs. -Stone & Webster, of Boston, who control and operate the Tacoma Railway & -Power Company, the Tacoma and Seattle Interurban railway and the Seattle -Electric Railway Company. The plant at Electron was installed in order -to furnish power for operation of the urban, suburban and interurban -railways of the Puget Sound cities and to market the surplus to other -power consumers. - -A page of illustrations is here presented showing, from recent -photographs, some of the principal features of the power plant at -Electron. The water for the plant is taken from the south fork of the -Puyallup River, below its junction with the Mowich, thirty-five miles -from TACOMA and 1,800 feet above sea level. The river at this point -drains five of the largest glaciers of Mount Tacoma. A low dam has been -constructed, shown in the photograph of the headworks, whence the water -is conducted by a flume eight feet wide and eight feet deep, following -the contour of the river canyon and descending at the rate of seven feet -to the mile, ten miles and a half to a reservoir covering twenty-one -acres and averaging twenty feet in depth, on the crest of the hill above -the power house. The reservoir holds in reserve ten hours’ supply for -the power plant. The water is dropped from the reservoir to the power -house through four steel pipes or penstock lines, 1,700 feet in length, -erected on the slope of the canyon at an angle of about 45 degrees. A -fall of 887 feet and a pressure of 400 pounds to the square inch is -thus secured. Four million pounds of steel pipe were required for the -penstock line, each cylinder being four feet in diameter at the top and -reducing to two seven-inch nozzles for each pipe. The water issues from -the nozzles at a speed of about three miles a minute and is applied to -four impulse water-wheels specially constructed for the purpose. The -present electrical installation includes four generators, each of 3,500 -kilowatts capacity. The flume, the reservoir, the forebay, the slope for -the penstock line and the site for the power house have been constructed -or prepared with a view of adding to the capacity of the plant. The -west wall of the power house shown in the illustration is temporary, in -contemplation of its extension and the installation of from two to four -additional 5,000-horse power units as soon as required. - -The present plant is abundantly supplied with water by the flume filled -to a depth of three feet. The water passes through the flume at the rate -of seven miles an hour. There is abundance of water for the operation of -the plant in the Puyallup River at all seasons of the year, as the river -is fed by torrents from the glaciers in the dry season and by copious -rains in the winter. - -[Illustration: Views in Tacoma’s Parks. - - 1—Superintendent Roberts’ Lodge at Point Defiance Park. - 2—The Sound from Point Defiance Park. - 3—Glimpse In Wright Park. - 4—The Beach at Point Defiance. - 5—Spanaway Park. -] - -The Puget Sound Power Company, of TACOMA, has a large surplus of power -above the requirements of the electric railways controlled by Stone & -Webster. This power is already used to pump water from the new driven -wells at South TACOMA for the city of TACOMA, also to operate the great -railway construction and repair plant of the Northern Pacific railway at -South TACOMA, the new packing house plant of the Carstens Packing Company -on the tideflats, the large grain warehouses and elevators between the -Eleventh Street bridge and the Government warehouse on the city waterway, -numerous furniture factories, machine shops, pipe and iron foundries, -and a large number of stationary motors for miscellaneous enterprises -at TACOMA, besides supplying current for light and power in the valley -towns between TACOMA and Seattle and the latter city. The transmission -line from Electron to TACOMA is twenty-eight miles in length, while the -distance from the plant to Seattle is forty-eight miles. - - -SNOQUALMIE FALLS POWER PLANT. - -[Illustration: Snoqualmie Falls, 270 Feet High.] - -The colossal power plant at Electron is not the only enterprise of -its kind that is contributing to the industrial growth of TACOMA. The -Cascade Mountains are the source of many rivers which have filed out deep -canyons and here and there plunge over lofty precipices seeking ocean -level in Puget Sound not many miles away. The first of the waterfalls -in the foothills of the Cascades to be harnessed to generate electric -power for transmission to the Puget Sound cities was Snoqualmie Falls, -270 feet in height, or nearly twice as high as the falls of the Niagara -River. A plant generating 10,000-horse power was installed at Snoqualmie -Falls about four years ago, a large share of the product of which is -transmitted to TACOMA, forty-four miles distant, where it is employed for -city lighting and important industrial purposes, such as supplying power -to the Tacoma Smelter, Tacoma Grain Company’s flour mills, and many other -manufacturing enterprises. - -[Illustration: - - 1—Union Club House. - 2—Telephone Exchange. - 3—Sheard Building. - 4—New Public Library. -] - -A fire destroyed the transformer house at the Snoqualmie Falls power -plant September 20, 1903. A new fire-proof transformer house has -been erected in which four transformers of 2,500 kilowatts, or about -3,300-horse power each, have been installed in place of a battery of -thirteen 550 kilowatt transformers, thus increasing the capacity of the -transformers by more than 4,000-horse power. - -The product of the Snoqualmie power plant was in use up to its limit when -the fire of September, 1903, occurred, and the Tacoma Cataract Company, -distributors of the Snoqualmie power in this city, had already begun -the construction of an auxiliary steam power plant on the tideflats at -TACOMA, which was completed and placed in operation December 20, 1903. It -adds 1,500-horse power to the product of the Snoqualmie Falls power plant -employed at TACOMA. - - -WHITE RIVER POWER COMPANY. - -The inadequacy of the Snoqualmie Falls power plant to meet the demand -for power for municipal and industrial purposes at TACOMA, prompted its -owners to undertake a much larger enterprise, which will result in the -construction of still another mammoth power plant within ten miles of the -city of TACOMA. - -The plan which is being carried out by what is known as the White River -Power Company, is to divert the White River about half a mile above the -town of Buckley into a canal, beginning at this point and extending a -distance of about five miles across the tableland to Lake Tapps. The -canal is being excavated like an ordinary railway cut out of the solid -gravel, hardpan or earth or whatever the geological formation happens to -be. It will be thirty feet in width on the bottom and fifty-five feet -wide at the top and eight feet deep. Dams are to be constructed at the -low points on the northerly side of Lake Tapps so that the lake can be -raised to a level thirty-five feet higher than the present, which will -cause the lake to overflow and merge with Kirtley Lake, Crawford Lake -and Kelly Lake, covering all the intervening bottom lands and valleys so -that the total area thus submerged and overflowed will exceed 4,000 acres -of land. This lake may be drawn down thirty feet. This reservoir will be -supplied by the flood waters of White River and will be drawn out through -the water wheels during the season of low water, and by thus equalizing -the flow of the river will make the power plant capable of a continuous -development of 100,000-horse power. The reservoir will permit the plant -to run at full load for several months, even if White River were to run -dry or the use of the supply canal were to be discontinued for that -length of time. - -[Illustration: - - 1—Puget Sound Flouring Mills. - 2—Pacific Brewing Company’s Plant. - 3—Dry Dock at Quartermaster Harbor. - 4—Power House of White River Power Company. -] - -The water from this enlarged lake reservoir will be led through a channel -into a masonry penstock whence pressure pipes will conduct it down a -declivity to the site of the power house, within ten miles of TACOMA, -giving a fall of 485 feet. At the foot of these pipes the power house, -105×250 feet, will be constructed, as shown on the opposite page, and the -water will thence be released into the Stuck River. A short transmission -line will conduct the power to the Tacoma Cataract Company building in -this city, whence a large share of the present output of the Snoqualmie -Falls power plant is now distributed to consumers, public and private, in -TACOMA. - -[Illustration: Nisqually River at Its Source in a Glacier.] - - -UNDEVELOPED POWER RESOURCES. - -There are many other rivers or streams fed by the glaciers and snows of -Mount Tacoma which may and will be utilized for generating electrical -power as rapidly as required. The Tacoma Industrial Company has recently -bought a continuous strip four miles in length, including the White -River, and is making preparations to install a 15,000-horse power plant -twelve miles from TACOMA. The Nisqually River, which flows into the Sound -south of TACOMA, has enormous undeveloped power resources. Within thirty -miles of TACOMA, at Le Grand, a station on the Tacoma Eastern, on the -brink of the Nisqually Canyon, is an available and accessible water power -capable of generating 30,000-horse power. TACOMA commands the use of from -150,000 to 200,000-horse power as soon as required. - -_NO OTHER SEAPORT IN THE WORLD HAS SUCH ABUNDANT RESOURCES OF CHEAP POWER -FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES._ - -_POWER IS BEING DELIVERED TO THE CITY OF TACOMA FOR PUMPING AND LIGHTING -PURPOSES AT THE LOWEST CONTRACT PRICES AT WHICH POWER IS OBTAINED AT ANY -CITY IN THE WORLD._ - -_MANUFACTURERS AT TACOMA ARE OBTAINING ELECTRIC POWER AT A LOWER PRICE -THAN THAT AT WHICH POWER IS OBTAINABLE AT ANY OTHER TIDEWATER PORT IN THE -UNITED STATES._ - -_TACOMA IS THE ELECTRIC CITY OF THE PACIFIC COAST._ - -[Illustration: Tacoma Smelter.] - - -ACCESS TO RAW MATERIALS. - -Another important factor in TACOMA’S industrial development, past, -present and future, is its proximity and convenient access to the natural -products or raw materials employed in manufacturing. TACOMA is the point -at which the leading staple products of Washington are chiefly assembled -for manufacture and distribution. The resources of “Wonderful Washington” -are manifold. The products of the mines, the forests, the farms and -ranches, and of the waters are of untold value to the world. TACOMA’S -geographical position is such that she commands these products as does -no other point in the pacific Northwest. The great Olympic Peninsula -between Puget Sound and the Pacific Ocean is surrounded by water on -three sides. Railroads are required to bring its products to tidewater, -and TACOMA, at the head of ocean navigation on the Sound, is in closest -proximity of all the Sound ports to this section rich in timber and -mineral resources. South, southeast, east and northeast of TACOMA are -equally rich sections of territory extending from the Sound on the north -and west to the Columbia River on the south and to the ridge line of the -Cascade Mountains on the east, whose treasures of agricultural, mineral -and forest wealth must seek the markets of the world through this port. -TACOMA is the natural and exclusive outlet for the products of this -region. Six steam and four electric railway lines radiating from TACOMA, -and numerous steamers plying between TACOMA and the island and mainland -ports of the Sound afford transportation facilities for the traffic of -the immediate and more remote regions tributary to the city. Across and -beyond the mountain passes lie the Yakima Valley, the “Inland Empire,” -and the greater domain of the United States whose products seeking -trans-pacific markets pass through this natural gateway to the Orient. - -Puget Sound is 300 miles nearer Japan, Manila and the Orient than San -Francisco. It is 800 miles nearer Alaska than the Golden Gate. Ores for -the Tacoma Smelter are brought by rail from Eastern Washington and by -water from Alaska; from the islands along the coast of British North -America; from British Columbia, Korea, Straits Settlements, Mexico -and Central America. Foreign products brought across the pacific for -manufacture in the United States, such as raw silk from China and -Japan and hemp from Manila, are landed at TACOMA. The rail and water -transportation facilities which unite at TACOMA, coupled with its command -of raw materials and its wonderful resources of power and coal, make this -city a most exceptionally favored point for manufacturing. - -[Illustration: Homes of Tacoma Banks. - - 1—Equitable Building. - 2—National Bank of Commerce Building. - 3—Berlin Building. - 4—Luzon Building. - 5—Fidelity Trust Company’s Building. -] - - -AVAILABLE MANUFACTURING SITES. - -A resume of TACOMA’S superior advantages for manufacturing would be -incomplete without reference to its abundant supply of manufacturing -sites. There are twelve square miles of tide and river flats immediately -east of the city which, owing to a combination of circumstances, were -until recently incapable of private ownership and occupation. At the -south end or head of Commencement Bay there is a level plain traversed -near its westerly side by the Puyallup River. The lands on the easterly -side of the river were for many years set apart by the government as -a part of the Puyallup Indian reservation, but recently these have -been sold by order of the government. The King County line extended -also to the Puyallup River and the tide and river flats at the head -of the bay—most advantageously located for commercial and industrial -purposes—being without their jurisdiction, were incapable of improvement -by the city or Pierce County. But in 1901 the reservation lands were -legally annexed to Pierce County, of which TACOMA is the county seat, and -the occupation of this enormous area of flat lands adjacent to tidewater -has just begun. - -A substantial bridge has this year been erected by the city of TACOMA -across the Puyallup River at a convenient point for access to the annexed -lands from the manufacturing district which occupies the flats west of -the Puyallup River. The federal government has made a complete survey of -the harbor of TACOMA, the plans for the improvement of which contemplate -the construction of a series of waterways extending from deep water in -the bay a considerable distance to the south. The City Waterway, which -is being dredged to a width of 550 feet and depths increasing as it -approaches the bay from fifteen to thirty feet, under a contract awarded -by the federal government in January, 1903, extends as far south as -Twenty-third Street, or nearly twenty city blocks from the original -harbor line. Miles of additional waterfront and wharves will thus be -obtained at the head of the bay, exclusive of the natural shore line some -ten miles in extent from Brown’s Point to Point Defiance. Railroads and -steamships will have direct and immediate access to the very heart of -this district. The acquisition and improvement by the construction of -roads, bridges and waterways of 6,000 acres of land immediately adjacent -to the city, make it possible for many more manufacturers to secure sites -and utilize the limitless power resources of TACOMA, the great INDUSTRIAL -CITY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. - -[Illustration: Loading Lumber at Tacoma Mill Company’s Wharf.] - -TACOMA is now the leading manufacturing city of Washington and the -Pacific Northwest. The industrial development of the city since 1900 has -been phenomenal. According to the federal census there were in 1900 381 -manufacturing establishments at TACOMA, whose aggregate invested capital -was $8,146,691, of which there were 385 proprietors and in whose employ -there were 293 salaried officials and clerks and 4,347 wage-earners. -Of this total number of wage-earners in manufacturing and mechanical -industries at TACOMA, 4,104 were men, while only 243 were women or -children under the age of 16 years. The total value of the products, -including custom work and repairing, of the 381 establishments at TACOMA -for the year preceding the taking of the census was $12,029,497. - -_MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED NEW MILLS AND FACTORIES HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THE -LIST OF TACOMA’S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES DURING THE FOUR YEARS THAT HAVE -ELAPSED SINCE THE FEDERAL CENSUS WAS TAKEN. THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF MORE -THAN TWO NEW FACTORIES EVERY MONTH. MANY OF THE OLDER ESTABLISHMENTS HAVE -DOUBLED OR TREBLED THEIR CAPACITY DURING THE SAME PERIOD._ - -No complete summary of the operations of TACOMA’S manufacturing -establishments can be presented for comparison with the census report -of 1900. But from written reports submitted to the Tacoma Daily News by -some of the leading manufacturing concerns in TACOMA, it appears that -during the calendar year 1903, one hundred and thirty-five representative -manufacturers in the city employed an average of 6,796 wage-earners -during the year, while the value of the finished product of these -establishments alone for the same year was $28,932,295, and the cost -of permanent improvements or additions to the plants during the year -was $1,129,550. In other words, 135 out of 500 to 600 establishments -that would now be classified by the census as manufacturing concerns in -this city employed 2,349 more wage-earners in 1903 than were employed -by a total of 389 establishments during the census year, while the -value of the output of these 135 establishments in 1903 was nearly two -and one-half times as great as the total value of the product of 389 -establishments in 1900. - - -LUMBER INDUSTRY AT TACOMA. - -TACOMA is the largest lumber manufacturing point on the Pacific Coast. -The manufacture of lumber is the most important industry in the -Pacific Northwest. In 1900 there were twelve lumber and shingle mills -in operation in TACOMA. In 1903 there were twenty-two in operation, -employing an average of 2,682 wage-earners. The increase in the lumber -and shingle output since 1900 may be shown by the following figures, -based upon reports from the local mills. - -CUT OF TACOMA LUMBER MILLS. - - Year. Lumber, feet. Shingles. Total value. - 1900 185,414,130 178,386,000 $2,517,967 - 1901 219,150,000 251,000,000 2,695,700 - 1902 303,654,557 347,565,000 4,069,000 - 1903 361,522,766 376,935,500 5,110,398 - -[Illustration: St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Company’s Mill and Wheeler-Osgood -Company’s New Sash and Door Factory.] - -The increase in three years in the number of mills engaged in the lumber -and shingle industry at TACOMA is at the rate of 83.3 per cent.; in the -lumber cut at the rate of 96.6 per cent.; in the output of shingles at -the rate of 94.0 per cent.; and in the value of the product at the rate -of 103.0 per cent. - - -LARGEST LUMBER PLANT IN THE WORLD. - -The St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Company’s plant on the flats between the -City Waterway and the Puyallup River, is the largest saw mill plant in -the United States and probably in the world. It was established in 1888. -Its original capacity of 300,000 feet per diem has been increased to -500,000 feet by the erection of a second mill since 1900, and during the -year 1903 the company cut 122,348,562 feet of fir, spruce, hemlock and -cedar and sawed, dried and packed 63,822,000 shingles, its output for the -year being valued at $1,761,698. The company operates five logging camps -along the Northern Pacific and Tacoma Eastern railways and employs 1,500 -men. - -The Tacoma Mill Company’s plant on the waterfront at “Old Town” is the -second largest lumber plant at TACOMA in capacity, number of men employed -and the value of its output. This company is the successor of the firm -of Hanson & Ackerson who established a mill in 1868 on the shore of -Commencement Bay where the present plant of the Tacoma Mill Company -now stands. The first settlement at TACOMA was due to this mill. Its -original capacity was 40,000 feet per diem, which has been increased to -300,000 feet, the output for 1903 including 85,824,204 feet of lumber and -42,738,500 shingles, valued at $1,000,000. - -_RAIL SHIPMENTS OF LUMBER AND SHINGLES FROM THE TACOMA MILLS INCREASED -FROM 3,141 CARS IN 1900 TO 6,012 CARS IN 1903, WHILE CARGO SHIPMENTS OF -LUMBER INCREASED FROM 77,818,557 FEET IN 1900 TO 129,036,317 FEET IN -1903._ - -The United States transport _Dix_ sailed on May 9, 1903, from this port -for Manila with 3,900,156 feet of lumber loaded at two TACOMA mill -wharves. _THIS WAS THE LARGEST LUMBER CARGO EVER LOADED IN THE WORLD._ - - -OTHER MANUFACTURES OF WOOD. - -A large share of the product of the TACOMA lumber mills is supplied to -manufacturers in this city. A long list of industries has developed at -TACOMA in consequence of its pre-eminence as the lumber mart of the -State. There are many planing mills and sash, door and blind factories. -The largest plant of this description in the State is that of the -Wheeler-Osgood Company, on the flats, enlarged and rebuilt since its -destruction by fire in September, 1902. Tacoma has large ship yards -and builds the largest wooden vessels for sail and steam navigation -engaged in the Sound or Coastwise trade to Alaska. There are three car -construction and repair plants at TACOMA; several furniture factories, -including the largest plant in this industry on the Coast, that of the -Carman Manufacturing Company, covering six acres; the largest plant in -the West for the manufacture of coffins and caskets; also the largest -plant in this section of the world for the manufacture of wooden-stave -water-pipe, that of the Washington Pipe and Foundry Company. There are -several large plants for the manufacture of boxes and box shooks, and a -great variety of industrial enterprises for the manufacture of articles -chiefly of wood, such as ladders, wheelbarrows, incubators, churns, -carriages and wagons, kegs, mantles, pails, tubs, trucks, wooden spoons, -and many other articles. - -[Illustration: Northern Pacific Railway Construction and Repair Plant.] - -In this connection the fact should be mentioned that TACOMA is not only -the great mart for Washington fir, spruce, hemlock, pine and cedar—soft -woods, but has command also of abundant supplies of hard woods, such as -maple, oak and ash, which are also found in Western Washington. Among the -new TACOMA industries of 1904 is a large plant for the manufacture of -parlor furniture from hard woods such as are obtainable in this vicinity -or will be brought from the tropical forests of the Philippine Islands by -steamships plying between this port and Manila. - - -RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR PLANTS. - -The second largest manufacturing plant in TACOMA which is also the -largest plant of its description in the Pacific Northwest, is the -railway construction and repair plant of the Northern Pacific Railway -at South TACOMA. This enormous plant furnishes employment for 800 men -and manufactures and repairs everything in the line of motive power or -rolling stock for railroad use. A $60,000 building for an additional -boiler shop is now being erected to enlarge the facilities for locomotive -work. The shops of the Tacoma Eastern railroad and the Tacoma Railway & -Power Company are also located at TACOMA. Adjoining the Northern Pacific -plant is a large plant of the Griffin Car Wheel Works, and not far -distant from South TACOMA is the largest rolling mill in the State, the -plant of the Western Iron & Steel Works at Lakeview. Allied to this class -of industrial enterprises are numerous foundries and machine shops for -the manufacture of stationary and marine engines and boilers, machinery, -saws, architectural iron, bridges, and other products of brass, tin, -copper, iron and steel. The Puget Sound Dry Dock & Machine Company, of -TACOMA, operates the largest private drydock north of San Francisco. - -[Illustration: - - 1—Washington Pipe & Foundry Company. - 2—Tacoma Warehouse & Elevator Company. - 3—Carstens Packing Company. - 4—Elevator A and Tacoma Grain Company’s Flour Mill. - 5—Pacific Starch Company. -] - - -LARGEST SMELTER ON THE COAST. - -Still another line of industry in which TACOMA takes the lead, is in the -reduction of ores of gold, silver, lead, copper and other metals. The -Tacoma Smelting Company’s plant on the waterfront at the north end of -the city is the largest smelter on the Pacific Coast. In 1902 the plant -was enlarged by the addition of huge copper reduction works which began -operations in September, 1902, and a copper refinery, the only plant of -its kind west of Great Falls, Montana, is now in course of construction. -The Tacoma Smelter began operations in September, 1890. In 1891 an -average of fifty-eight men were employed, and the value of the output was -$781,133.38. Five hundred men are now employed at the smelter and the -output of the plant for the year 1903 was as follows: - - Gold, 176,312.41 ounces $3,644,377.51 - Silver, 1,899,831.64 ounces 1,016,409.93 - Lead, 22,488,377 lbs 955,756.02 - Copper, 10,889,463 lbs 1,422,853.84 - ------------- - Total value of output $7,039,397.30 - -The amount paid in wages in 1903 was $264,767.60, freight paid to -Northern Pacific railway, $336,751.85, and freight paid to vessels, -$164,392.55. - - -FLOUR MILLS AND CEREAL PLANTS. - -TACOMA is the chief flour milling city of the Pacific Northwest. The -product of its flour mills in 1903 was valued at $4,075,000. The Puget -Sound Flouring Mills Company operate the largest flour mill in the -State at TACOMA. The Tacoma Grain Company’s mill adjoining Elevator A -was erected in 1902. The Sperry Milling Company, the largest millers in -California, in connection with the Tacoma Warehouse & Elevator Company, -are erecting a large mill on the waterfront adjoining Elevator B. The -Albers Brothers Milling Company are about to erect another large flour -and cereal mill on the City Waterway. The plant of the Pacific Starch -Company, erected at a cost of $108,000 and opened in August, 1903, for -the manufacture of non-chemical wheat starch, is the largest wheat starch -factory in the United States. The Coast Cereal Company have erected this -year and are now operating a large cereal plant at South TACOMA. - - -BREWING AND MALTING ESTABLISHMENTS. - -TACOMA has two large breweries. The plant of the Pacific Brewing & -Malting Company has been enlarged by the erection of three large cellars, -increasing the capacity of the plant to 150,000 barrels a year. Malt is -manufactured at TACOMA, not only by local brewers for their own use, but -also for the trade. The Puget Sound Malting Company is the only plant on -the Coast north of San Francisco engaged exclusively in the manufacture -of malt, and supplies the trade in Eastern Washington, Oregon and Alaska, -besides the Sound cities. The plant has been doubled in capacity to -240,000 bushels per year since January 1, 1904. - -TACOMA has the largest stockyards and slaughtering and meat packing -establishment west of the Missouri River Valley. The new plant of the -Carstens Packing Company on the tideflats is pronounced to be the best -equipped and most complete and up-to-date packing house in the United -States. Its capacity is 250 cattle, 500 sheep and 500 hogs per day. It -will shortly be in full operation employing 300 men. The plant of the -Pacific Cold Storage Company prepares meats for a large trade in Alaska. -TACOMA has also large fish canneries, pickling and preserving works, -bottling establishments, mineral and soda-water works, coffee and spice -mills, flavoring extract and chemical works and candy factories. A large -plant is now being erected for the manufacture of crackers and biscuits. - -[Illustration: Views Along the Tacoma Eastern Railroad. - - 1—Unloading Logs at Tacoma. - 2—Sluskin Falls, Paradise River. - 3—Lake Kapowsin Station. - 4—Mount Tacoma from Paradise Valley. - 5—Train Leaving Tacoma. - 6—In the Mountains. -] - -Among the other lines of industry in TACOMA not already enumerated are -mills or factories for the manufacture of brick and tile; brushes and -brooms; artificial ice; soap; tannery products; shoe uppers; boots and -shoes; buggy-tops; furs and for goods; clothing; shirts; overalls; -stockings; underwear; knit-goods; tents, awnings and sails; paper boxes; -fish baskets; oilskin garments and other goods; cigars; cigar boxes; -metal bedsteads and woven-wire bed springs; cotton felt; carpets and -rugs; excelsior; egg cases; enamels; furnaces and stoves; blank books, -ledgers; stencils; rubber stamps; trunks and traveling bags; paints and -varnish, and many other articles. _TACOMA IS THE LEADING MANUFACTURING -CITY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST._ - - -RAILWAY FACILITIES AND TRAFFIC. - -_TACOMA HAS THE MOST EXTENSIVE RAILWAY TERMINAL FACILITIES AND HANDLES -MORE FREIGHT THAN ANY OTHER CITY IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST._ The Northern -Pacific railway has expended many millions in improvements on the TACOMA -waterfront. The official figures furnished by the railroads showing the -number of cars of pay freight consigned to each of the three leading -cities of the Pacific Northwest during the year 1903 are as follows: - - Cars of freight received at— - Railway System. Tacoma. Seattle. Portland. - Northern Pacific 58,779 47,219 8,463 - Tacoma Eastern 10,074 - Commercial Dock 155 - Great Northern 9,837 - Pacific Coast Co. 11,020 - O. R. & N 35,815 - Southern Pacific 17,281 - Astoria & Columbia River 896 - O. W. P. & R. Co. 193 - ------ ------ ------ - Totals 69,008 68,070 62,648 - -The Northern Pacific railway operates several distinct lines which -radiate from and converge at TACOMA. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy -operates through trains to and from Missouri River points and TACOMA, -over the N. P. tracks from Billings, Montana. The Harriman system is -to be extended to TACOMA from Portland. The Tacoma Eastern railroad is -now in operation from TACOMA to Ashford, with a branch to Electron, -57.5 miles of track being now in operation. This railroad taps the rich -timber, coal and agricultural lands on the southerly and westerly slopes -of Mount Tacoma. The company owns and is developing extensive coal mines. -It is about to extend into the “Big Bottom” country, as the rich and -fertile valley of the Upper Cowlitz River is called, from three to twelve -miles wide and sixty miles in length, one of the most desirable sections -for settlement in the State. The Tacoma Eastern railroad is the gateway -to Mount Tacoma and the National Park. The federal government is now -constructing a wagon road to Paradise Valley and the Camp of the Clouds, -which will connect with the railroad. Paradise Valley and Mount Tacoma -are destined to become a great resort for tourists. - -[Illustration: A City of Beautiful Homes. - - 1—Residences of Col. C. W. Griggs and Henry Hewitt. - 2—Residences of L. D. Campbell and L. R. Manning. - 3—Nelson Bennett’s Residence. - 4—Residences of Stuart Rice and Chester Thorne. - 5—S. R. Balkwill’s Residence. -] - - -ELECTRIC RAILWAY SYSTEMS. - -The general offices of the Puget Sound Electric Railway, operating -fifty-three miles of standard gauge electric railway, are at TACOMA. -The main line extends from TACOMA to Seattle, with a branch to Renton, -twelve miles from Seattle, and an extensive logging road from Edgewood, -near TACOMA, through the timber country towards Brown’s Point. This -is pronounced to be one of the finest equipped, best constructed and -operated electric railways in the country. Thirty-four trains arrive -or leave TACOMA daily between six o’clock A. M. and midnight. The road -has been in operation about two years and is aiding materially in the -settlement and development of the rich Puyallup and White River Valleys -between TACOMA and Seattle. - -The Tacoma Railway & Power Company operates 85¼ miles of city and -suburban electric and cable railways at TACOMA. Lines are operated -to Puyallup, 16 miles; to Spanaway, 14 miles, and Steilacoom, 13 -miles distant, bringing these towns into close touch with TACOMA, -and facilitating the growth of the city’s suburbs. About 400 men are -regularly employed as trainmen, trackmen, in the shops and general -offices. The increase in the number of passengers carried during the past -year is not less than 5,000 per day. - - -TACOMA’S OCEAN COMMERCE. - -[Illustration: Train on Tacoma-Seattle Interurban Railway.] - -TACOMA’S ocean commerce exceeds in magnitude and value that of every -other port on the Pacific Coast with the exception of San Francisco. -President James J. Hill, of the Great Northern Railway, explained the -fact with the epigrammatic remark: “TACOMA has the facilities.” TACOMA -possesses one of the finest harbors in the world and has the most -extensive wharves and warehouses for handling ocean traffic on the -Pacific Coast. - -[Illustration: City Waterway from Eleventh Street Bridge.] - -TACOMA handles the largest share of the foreign trade of the North -Pacific Coast, the chief ports of which are TACOMA, Portland and Seattle. -The imports and exports of these three ports for ten years from July -1, 1894, to June 30, 1904, inclusive, as shown by the official customs -reports, were valued as follows: - - Tacoma $121,652,289 - Portland 105,590,572 - Seattle 84,911,055 - -TACOMA is the leading port of the Puget Sound customs district, the -headquarters of which are at Port Townsend, and which includes TACOMA, -Seattle and fourteen other ports. Of the total foreign commerce of the -Puget Sound district, TACOMA handles more than 50 per cent., Seattle less -than 30 per cent., and the balance is distributed between fourteen other -ports in the district. The following are the official figures showing the -imports, exports and total foreign commerce of TACOMA, Seattle, and the -Puget Sound district for the first six months of 1904: - - Total Foreign - Imports. Exports. Commerce. - Tacoma $2,835,712 $5,573,867 $8,409,579 - Seattle 1,493,455 3,071,911 4,565,366 - Minor ports 869,176 2,633,465 3,502,641 - ---------- ----------- ----------- - Puget S’d Dist. $5,198,343 $11,279,243 $16,477,586 - -In ten years from 1894 to 1903, inclusive, the Puget Sound customs -district, of which TACOMA is the chief port, rose from twenty-first -to ninth in the magnitude of its foreign commerce among the customs -districts of the United States. For the year ending June 30, 1903, Puget -Sound was the sixth district in the United States in the tonnage of -American and foreign vessels entered and cleared in the foreign trade. -The leading customs districts, in the order of their rank in tonnage -entered and cleared, are New York, Boston, Philadelphia, New Orleans, -Baltimore, PUGET SOUND, San Francisco, Galveston, Portland (Maine), and -Pensacola. - -While Puget Sound ranks ninth among the customs districts of the United -States in the magnitude of its ocean commerce, measured by the value of -its imports and exports, this district stands first in the United States -in exports of manufactured lumber, boards, deals and planks; shingles; -fowls, and bristles. Second in exports of sheep, buckwheat, oats, baking -powder, cotton cloths, dried herring, canned salmon, hay, malt liquors -and manufactures of tin. Third in exports of cycles, ginseng, eider, -copper ore, printing paper, milk and onions. Fourth in exports of barley, -wheat, wheat flour, bran, middlings and mill-feed, candies, canned fruits -and gunpowder. Fifth in exports of eggs and malt. Sixth in exports of -furniture, salt, hogs, oysters, hops and nursery stock. Seventh in -exports of horses and copper, and eighth in exports of fresh fish. - -[Illustration: Oriental Wharves and Warehouses.] - -TACOMA’S ocean commerce may be classified as foreign and coastwise. The -latter includes chiefly shipments to and receipts by water from Alaska, -Hawaii and California. The foreign trade of TACOMA extends to every -continent on the globe and to the islands of the sea. The coastwise -receipts are chiefly ores, salmon and furs from Alaska, and fruits, -general merchandise and manufactures from California. The coastwise -shipments consist chiefly of merchandise sold by TACOMA jobbers to -customers in Alaska, provisions, machinery, lumber, feed, etc.; bullion, -coal, lumber and flour to California, and coal, lumber and merchandise -to Hawaii. The foreign commerce of the port consists of imports of silk, -tea, mattings, Manila hemp, and other Oriental products, ores for the -TACOMA smelter, grain bags for Washington wheat, cement and fire-bricks -for building purposes, iron and steel and other foreign commodities -imported into the United States; and exports the most valuable of which -are Washington products, wheat, flour, canned and salt salmon, lumber, -bottled beer, barley, hay and oats, besides cotton, domestics, bicycles, -tobacco and other products and manufactures of Eastern and Southern -States. But by far the greater part of TACOMA’S exports are products of -the State or of TACOMA mills. - - -MISTRESS OF THE ORIENTAL TRADE. - -The Oriental trade of the Pacific Coast now centers at TACOMA. In June, -1892, the first steamship for the Orient from Puget Sound was dispatched -from TACOMA. In 1903, forty-four regular liners sailed from TACOMA for -the Orient, carrying cargoes valued at $8,149,906 from TACOMA, and cargo -from Seattle valued at $946,318. - -TACOMA is the home port of the Boston Steamship Company, which operates -a line of five large steamships of American build and registry between -Puget Sound and the Orient. This line was established in July, 1902. -During the first two years of its operation, there were thirty-five -sailings from TACOMA for the Orient and thirty-two arrivals by vessels -of the line. Cargoes of foreign merchandise valued at $6,146,488 were -landed at TACOMA, while domestic merchandise for export to the value -of $6,444,911 was loaded on vessels of the line at this port. Seattle -furnished additional cargo for the line to the value of $2,505,935. -TACOMA has handled 83.4 per cent. of the total foreign commerce carried -by the Boston Steamship Company since the inauguration of its Puget -Sound-Oriental line. - -The China Mutual Steamship Company, Ltd., and the Ocean Steamship -Company, Ltd., both of which are owned by Alfred Holt & Company, British -ship owners, operate a joint service between TACOMA and Liverpool and -Glasgow by way of the Orient, Suez Canal and Mediterranean route. Dodwell -& Company, the TACOMA agents of the line, shipped from TACOMA in 1903, -for the Orient and Europe, by this service and the smaller steamships of -the Northern Pacific Steamship Company, cargoes valued at $4,635,325, -with additional cargo from Seattle valued at $31,805. The steamships -Tacoma, Victoria and Olympia, for many years in the TACOMA-Oriental -trade, have recently been sold, the traffic having outgrown their -capacity. The cargo capacity of these pioneer steamships in TACOMA’S -Oriental trade ranged from 3,000 to 3,800 tons. The new steamships in the -service have cargo capacity ranging from 6,739 tons to 18,000 tons. The -Shawmut and Tremont of the Boston Steamship Company, and the Ning Chow, -the Oanfa and the Keemun of the Holt lines, are the largest carriers in -the Trans-Pacific trade. - -[Illustration: Tacoma’s Wheat Warehouses. - - 1—Loading by Electric Conveyor. - 2—Machinery for Cleaning Wheat. - 3—Sacked Wheat in Warehouses. - 4—Where Sail meets Rail. -] - -The Kosmos Line operates a regular service between Puget Sound and -Hamburg by way of Mexican, Central and South American ports. In 1903 -there were fifteen sailings from Puget Sound by steamships of this line, -TACOMA furnishing nearly 70 per cent. of the total cargoes carried from -the Sound. - -The largest vessels engaged in the coastwise trade from TACOMA are -the steamships of the American-Hawaiian line operating from TACOMA to -Honolulu and New York, returning by way of San Francisco. The Arizonian, -Alaskan and Texan of this line, are vessels of 8,671 tons gross register -and 12,000 tons cargo capacity. There were fourteen sailings from TACOMA -for Honolulu and New York by this line in 1903. - -Two lines of steamships are operated regularly between TACOMA and other -Sound ports and San Francisco, and several lines to Alaska. A fleet of -colliers also plies constantly between TACOMA and San Francisco, carrying -coal from this port. In 1902, 375,183 tons of coal were shipped as cargo -from this port, exclusive of fuel for steamships. In 1903, the shipments -of coal increased to 488,723 tons. - -TACOMA handles the largest share of the staple products of the State -of Washington, lumber, wheat, flour and coal. The shipments of lumber -and coal have already been stated. TACOMA’S facilities for the handling -of wheat are unequalled at any other port in the world. The new wheat -warehouses erected in 1900 and 1901 on the city waterway, are the -longest in the world, being 2,360 feet in length and 148 feet in width. -They doubled the warehouse capacity for grain at this port and afford -admirable facilities for receiving the wheat from the cars, cleaning -and sacking it and loading it on ocean carriers. There are also two -enormous grain elevators and three large flour mills on the waterfront. -TACOMA’S facilities for exporting wheat and flour are so extensive that -in October, 1902, no less than twenty-five wheat carriers were loaded and -dispatched and the exports of the month included upwards of 2,000,000 -bushels of wheat and 200,000 barrels of flour. - -TACOMA is now the leading wheat and flour shipping port on the Pacific -Coast, and the customs district of Puget Sound, of which TACOMA is the -leading port, now ranks fourth in the United States in both wheat and -flour exports, and fourth also in the combined exports of wheat and wheat -flour reduced to wheat measure, each barrel of flour being equivalent to -four and one-half bushels of wheat. - -[Illustration: Group of Wholesale Houses. - - 1—On Lower Pacific Avenue. - 2—F. S. Harmon & Company, Wholesale Furniture. - 3—Hunt & Mottet, Hardware. - 4—Wm. Gardner & Company, Plumbing, Heating and Mill Supplies. - 5—West Coast Grocery Company. -] - -_THE PUGET SOUND CUSTOMS DISTRICT, OF WHICH TACOMA IS THE LEADING PORT, -HANDLING 90 PER CENT. OF THE WHEAT AND 60 PER CENT. OF THE FLOUR EXPORTS -OF THE DISTRICT, ROSE FROM TENTH TO FOURTH PLACE IN WHEAT EXPORTS AND -FROM SEVENTH TO FOURTH PLACE IN FLOUR EXPORTS IN THREE YEARS FROM 1900 TO -1903._ - -The following table, compiled from the records of the TACOMA -harbormaster, shows the total value of TACOMA’S ocean commerce, foreign -and coastwise, for the last five years: - - Coastwise and Foreign— - Receipts. Shipments. Total. - 1899 $8,607,196 $12,195,915 $20,803,111 - 1900 9,058,325 14,858,507 23,916,822 - 1901 11,495,859 22,904,877 34,400,736 - 1902 12,544,865 27,886,800 40,431,665 - 1903 13,335,398 21,861,972 35,497,370 - - -WHOLESALE AND JOBBING TRADE. - -TACOMA has a large and steadily increasing jobbing trade. Seventeen -individual firms and corporations are engaged in the export trade in -grain. There are sixty-three concerns engaged in the manufacture or sale -of lumber, many of the number being large wholesalers. There are a number -of importing houses which handle Oriental goods, fire-brick, cement, -grain bags and other foreign products for which there is a local demand. - -Wholesale houses are established at TACOMA which supply the trade in -groceries and provisions, produce, cereals, flour and feed, meats, -fish, wines and liquors, confectionery, tobacco and cigars, dry goods -and notions, furs, boots and shoes, drugs, paints and oils, hardware, -building materials and contractors’ supplies, belting and hose, machinery -and mill supplies, plumbers’ supplies, wool, paper, furniture, and coal. -There are numerous commission houses and manufacturers’ agents. The West -Coast Grocery Company, of TACOMA, has the largest trade in Alaska of any -grocery house in the Northwest. The first and only exclusively wholesale -house established on Puget Sound in the trade in dry goods and notions -was located and opened at TACOMA in January, 1903, after a careful -canvass of the merits of other cities. This was quickly followed by the -establishment of a wholesale notion house, also handling dry goods. The -largest wholesale furniture house in the Pacific Northwest is at TACOMA. -One hundred and forty-four wholesale and jobbing houses handled a trade -amounting to $26,839,000 in 1903. Two hundred and eighty-six new business -houses were opened in TACOMA during 1903, while only three were closed. -These figures were furnished by the mercantile agencies. - - -BANKS AND BANKING. - -TACOMA has three national banks, two state banks and one foreign banking -corporation, the London & San Francisco Bank, Ltd. There are also various -institutions for savings and building loans. The deposits in the banks of -discount and deposit aggregate $8,000,000 and are constantly increasing. - -[Illustration: - - 1—Western Washington State Hospital for the Insane. - 2—Children’s Home. - 3—St. Joseph’s Hospital. - 4—Fannie C. Paddock Memorial Hospital. -] - - -INCREASE IN BANK CLEARINGS. - -TACOMA’S bank clearings reflect the marvelous growth of business -transacted in this city. The total bank clearings for twelve months -ending June 30, 1904, amounted to $102,301,642, as compared with -$93,348,272 during the previous fiscal year, $51,838,768 during twelve -months ending June 30, 1900, and $24,550,442 during twelve months ending -June 30, 1897. _TACOMA’S BANK CLEARINGS HAVE INCREASED AT THE RATE OF -97.3 PER CENT. IN FOUR YEARS AND AT THE RATE OF 316.7 PER CENT. IN SEVEN -YEARS._ - - -REALTY TRANSFERS AND IMPROVEMENTS. - -The number of real estate conveyances file for record during twelve -months ended June 30, 1904, was 6,513, and the amount of expressed -consideration was $6,302,837. This is an increase over the previous year -of $1,096,206, or at the rate of 21.1 per cent., and in two years of -$2,781,428, or at the rate of 79.0 per cent. - - -ACTIVITY IN BUILDING OPERATIONS. - -There has been a phenomenal increase in building operations at TACOMA -amounting to no less than 855.8 per cent. in five years last past. The -following is the official record of the building inspector, showing the -number and estimated cost of dwellings and total building operations -for which permits were issued during the last six years. The building -inspector’s record does not cover a large amount of building in the -immediate suburbs of TACOMA, for industrial and residence purposes. - - Twelve Mos. Dwellings. Total Permits. - ending June Number. Cost. Number. Cost. - 1904 845 $883,068 1,429 $1,691,105 - 1903 620 665,895 1,043 1,543,755 - 1902 447 491,005 779 869,492 - 1901 251 316,640 652 692,156 - 1900 130 97,350 422 417,845 - 1899 74 51,195 371 176,934 - -Notwithstanding the investment of millions of dollars in TACOMA realty -and improvements, the mortgage indebtedness shows no appreciable -increase. In 1903, realty transfers reciting a consideration of -$4,646,537, were recorded and permits were issued in the city of TACOMA -for improvements estimated to cost $1,700,000. The net increase in the -mortgage indebtedness, as shown by the record of mortgages and mortgage -releases, was $169,655, or only 2.6 per cent. of the amount involved in -real estate purchases and improvements. - - -FEDERAL BUILDING AND COLLECTIONS. - -The federal government has purchased a site for a much needed public -building at TACOMA, which will shortly be erected. TACOMA is the -headquarters of the new Internal Revenue Collection District of -Washington and Alaska. Federal collections at TACOMA for the fiscal year -ending June 30, 1903, were as follows: Internal revenue, $688,696.50; -customs, $301,039.32; postoffice receipts, $113,598.66; total, -$1,103,334.48. Postoffice receipts have increased at the rate of 132.1 -per cent. in seven years. - -[Illustration: - - 1—Mason Library, Whitworth College. - 2—Annie Wright Seminary from Wright Park. - 3—Administrative Building, University of Puget Sound. - 4—Residence and Boys’ Dormitory, Whitworth College. -] - - -MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS AND UTILITIES. - -Extensive municipal improvements are in progress. Among the more -important are several miles of asphalt and brick paving; fifty miles of -new sidewalks, principally of cement; sewers, water mains and bridges. -TACOMA owns and operates its own water and electric lighting plants, -supplying both water and light to private consumers. The city procures -current from the power companies at the lowest rates paid in the United -States and receives a large and increasing revenue from operation, -notwithstanding recent reductions in rates, which are as low to private -consumers as in any American city. TACOMA maintains an efficient free -employment bureau. - - -ASSESSMENT AND BONDED DEBT. - -The assessed valuation of taxable property in TACOMA in 1903 was -$22,468,988. The bonded indebtedness, exclusive of the water and light -debt, is $1,743,000. The city has no floating indebtedness and has a -sinking fund amounting to $135,734.52, largely invested in TACOMA city -bonds bought in the market at 110. The city owns property valued at -$3,250,000. The light and water debt of $2,080,000 represents the capital -invested in a profitable business which produces a revenue to the city. - - -SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND CHURCHES. - -TACOMA has twenty-one public schools of the primary and grammar school -grades and a high school. A magnificent building with accommodations -for 1,200 pupils is being erected for the high school. The enrollment -in the public schools for the year 1903-04 was 8,939 and the average -daily attendance 7,066. The value of school property in the district -is $988,040, while the total liabilities, including bond and warrant -indebtedness amounted to $492,523.02 on June 30, 1904, with a cash -balance on hand of $36,554.82. - -TACOMA is the seat of Whitworth College, founded and conducted by the -Presbyterian Church, which occupies a conspicuous location overlooking -the Sound. The University of Puget Sound is under the auspices of the -Methodist Episcopal Church. The University occupies a fine new building -at the West End. The Annie Wright Seminary is a boarding and day school -for girls. It is liberally endowed and has a valuable property near -Wright Park. The Pacific Lutheran Academy and Business College is -at Parkland, a suburb at the south. Vachon College is at Burton, on -Quartermaster Harbor. The Academy of the Visitation and St. Aquinas -Academy are schools for girls under Roman Catholic auspices. There are -also two business colleges, a training school for nurses in connection -with the Fannie Paddock Hospital, and schools of music and art. - -TACOMA has upwards of eighty church organizations, representing all the -leading religious denominations. TACOMA is the see city of the Episcopal -Jurisdiction of Olympia. - - -FERRY MUSEUM AND NEW PUBLIC LIBRARY. - -The Ferry Museum occupies the fourth and fifth floors of the County Court -House. It has extensive collections of natural history, art, sculpture, -Indian baskets and relics, Oriental curios and the like. The Tozier -exhibit is the most extensive Indian collection in the world. - -TACOMA has a new public library building completed and opened in 1903, -the gift to the city of Andrew Carnegie, who gave $75,000 for the -building, the city providing the site. The library contains 30,000 -volumes. - - -HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS. - -There are two large and well-equipped general hospitals at TACOMA, -St. Joseph’s Hospital, and the Fannie C. Paddock Memorial Hospital, -also a large new Pierce County Hospital. A $100,000 hospital for the -employes of the Northern Pacific railway is now building. At Steilacoom -is the Western Washington State Hospital for the Insane. There are -three children’s homes for orphans or friendless children, and numerous -benevolent and charitable institutions. - - -800 ACRES OF PUBLIC PARKS. - -TACOMA has 800 acres of beautiful parks. Point Defiance Park occupies the -northerly extremity of the peninsula on which TACOMA is built. It has -about three miles of shore line on the Sound and most of it is covered -with giant fir. It is a park of unusual natural beauties and attractions. -Wright Park is a garden, twenty-eight acres in extent in the heart of the -city, with a great variety of shrubs, trees and flowers. - - -OPPORTUNITIES. - -TACOMA, the industrial and commercial center of the Empire State of -the Coast, is an inviting field for enterprise and effort and offers -boundless opportunities for the profitable employment of capital in -manufactures, trade, commerce and transportation, and rich rewards for -the exercise of brains and well-directed energies. - -[Illustration: Decorated for Tacoma’s Rose Carnival.] - - -BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED DURING THREE YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1904, BY -MONTHS. - - +===========+=====================================+ - | | 1901-02. | - | MONTHS. +------------------+------------------+ - | | DWELLINGS. | TOTAL PERMITS. | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - | | _No._| _Cost._ | _No._| _Cost._ | - | July | 29 | $ 35,040 | 66 | $ 66,845 | - | August | 23 | 29,990 | 47 | 59,540 | - | September | 38 | 52,200 | 63 | 137,741 | - | October | 30 | 21,125 | 61 | 36,941 | - | November | 22 | 21,290 | 34 | 24,520 | - | December | 17 | 15,800 | 25 | 31,200 | - | January | 33 | 34,900 | 55 | 53,340 | - | February | 37 | 46,650 | 60 | 68,900 | - | March | 55 | 57,075 | 84 | 109,050 | - | April | 55 | 57,415 | 96 | 104,320 | - | May | 72 | 73,460 | 122 | 100,280 | - | June | 36 | 46,060 | 66 | 76,815 | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - | Totals | 447 | $491,005 | 779 | $869,492 | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - - +===========+=====================================+ - | | 1902-03. | - | MONTHS. +------------------+------------------+ - | | DWELLINGS. | TOTAL PERMITS. | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - | | _No._| _Cost._ | _No._| _Cost._ | - | July | 38 | $ 43,955 | 73 | $ 76,945 | - | August | 42 | 42,850 | 70 | 150,880 | - | September | 39 | 48,660 | 69 | 113,555 | - | October | 45 | 43,252 | 81 | 120,700 | - | November | 42 | 39,140 | 77 | 54,095 | - | December | 20 | 22,075 | 43 | 70,695 | - | January | 49 | 51,130 | 77 | 84,785 | - | February | 60 | 75,410 | 100 | 116,725 | - | March | 71 | 72,505 | 106 | 306,012 | - | April | 78 | 76,660 | 131 | 190,990 | - | May | 62 | 67,595 | 99 | 111,743 | - | June | 74 | 82,463 | 117 | 146,630 | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - | Totals | 620 | $665,695 | 1043 |$1,543,755 | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - - +===========+=====================================+ - | | 1903-04. | - | MONTHS. +------------------+------------------+ - | | DWELLINGS. | TOTAL PERMITS. | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - | | _No._| _Cost._ | _No._| _Cost._ | - | July | 79 | $ 74,640 | 113 | $ 125,680 | - | August | 90 | 96,135 | 149 | 120,401 | - | September | 84 | 88,150 | 144 | 170,345 | - | October | 68 | 65,720 | 117 | 148,783 | - | November | 45 | 33,730 | 78 | 122,225 | - | December | 44 | 35,900 | 84 | 56,015 | - | January | 55 | 57,360 | 92 | 116,553 | - | February | 62 | 64,485 | 105 | 121,675 | - | March | 68 | 72,100 | 115 | 92,950 | - | April | 83 | 100,580 | 128 | 135,600 | - | May | 86 | 97,160 | 160 | 234,582 | - | June | 81 | 97,108 | 144 | 246,296 | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - | Totals | 845 | $883,068 | 1429 |$1,691,105 | - +-----------+------+-----------+------+-----------+ - - -TACOMA BANK CLEARINGS. - - +===========+=================+=================+=================+ - | MONTHS. | 1901-02. | 1902-03. | 1903-04. | - +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - | July | $ 4,318,153.03 | $ 5,409,206.75 | $ 7,715,579.70 | - | August | 4,594,683.55 | 5,945,993.04 | 7,308,197.37 | - | September | 5,252,834,60 | 6,244,709.50 | 8,330,087.33 | - | October | 5,982,652.46 | 8,569,541.60 | 9,268,786.11 | - | November | 5,537,297.55 | 8,460,959.94 | 8,764,691.01 | - | December | 5,031,807.23 | 9,681,493.06 | 10,060,853.96 | - | January | 5,414,839.63 | 8,969,399.35 | 8,719,901.12 | - | February | 4,267,933.49 | 7,521,557.21 | 8,175,534.17 | - | March | 5,243,385.69 | 8,639,380.86 | 9,144,338.91 | - | April | 5,266,410.53 | 8,162,920.94 | 8,231,909.76 | - | May | 5,508,605.51 | 7,965,403.09 | 8,299,838.70 | - | June | 5,736,684.64 | 7,767,707.08 | 8,281,923.53 | - +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - | Totals | $62,155,287.91 | $93,348,272.42 | $102,301,641.67 | - +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - - -POST OFFICE RECEIPTS. - - +===========+=================+=================+=================+ - | MONTHS. | 1901-02. | 1902-03. | 1903-04. | - +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - | July | $ 6,828.06 | $ 7,854.42 | $ 8,934.53 | - | August | 6,036.91 | 6,603.76 | 8,708.47 | - | September | 7,098.88 | 7,620.88 | 8,736.62 | - | October | 7,163.26 | 8,209.68 | 10,277.23 | - | November | 7,439.21 | 7,867.43 | 9,264.48 | - | December | 8,498.15 | 10,269.96 | 11,837.96 | - | January | 8,473.29 | 9,277.34 | 10,053.33 | - | February | 7,330.70 | 9,024.62 | 9,613.01 | - | March | 7,238.57 | 8,360.07 | 9,807.18 | - | April | 7,592.38 | 8,357.45 | 9,021.51 | - | May | 8,069.68 | 7,651.96 | 8,551.12 | - | June | 6,998.30 | 8,128.26 | 8,793.22 | - +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - | Totals | $88,767.39 | $99,225.83 | $113,598.66 | - +-----------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - - - - -HOW TACOMA GROWS - - -(Compiled from latest obtainable statistics. “1903-4” refers to the -fiscal year ending June 30, 1904.) - - =Population of Tacoma= and environs, July 1, 1904; =67,405=. - =Increase= in four years—=25,094=, or at the rate of =59.3 per - cent.= - - =Post Office Receipts=, 1903-4, =$113,598.66=. =Increase—14.7 - per cent.= in one year; =28.2 per cent.= in two years; =53.7 - per cent.= in three years; =77.4 per cent.= in four years; - =132.1 per cent.= in seven years. - - =Bank Clearings=, 1903-4, =$102,301,272.42=. =Increase—9.6 per - cent.= in one year; =64.6 per cent.= in two years; =77.0 per - cent.= in three years; =97.3 per cent.= in four years; =316.7 - per cent.= in seven years. - - =Building Permits=, 1903-4, =1,429=. =Increase—37.0 per cent.=, - in one year; =80.8 per cent.= in two years; =134.5 per cent.= - in three years; =238.6 per cent.= in four years. - - =Cost of Building Improvements=, 1903-4, =$1,691,105=. - =Increase—9.5 per cent.= in one year; =94.5 per cent.= in two - years; =144.3 per cent.= in three years; =304.7 per cent.= in - four years; =855.8 per cent.= in five years. - - =Realty Transfers=, 1903-4, =$6,302,837=. =Increase—21.1 per - cent.= in one year; =79.0 per cent.=, in two years. - - =Customs Receipts=, 1903-4, =$301,039.32=. =Increase—148.3 per - cent.= in four years; =356.7 per cent.= in six years. - - =Ocean Commerce=, 1903-4, =$37,362,782=. =Increase—2.2 per - cent.= in one year; =28.0 per cent.= in three years; =63.8 per - cent.= in four years. - - =Cut of Lumber Mills=, 1903, =361,522,766 feet=. =Increase—19.0 - per cent.= in one year; =65.0 per cent.= in two years; =96.6 - per cent.= in three years. - - =Product of Shingle Mills=, 1903, =376,935,500= shingles. - =Increase—94.0 per cent.= in three years. - - =Output of Tacoma Smelter=, 1903, =$7,059,397.30=. - =Increase—188.7 per cent.= in three years. - - =Daily Capacity of Flouring Mills=, 1904, =5,550 barrels=. - =Increase—146.7 per cent.= in four years. - - =Number of Telephones in use=, July 1, 1904, =6,192=. - =Increase—250.4 per cent.= since Jan. 1, 1900. - - =Miles of Electric Railway=—Urban, Suburban and Interurban—in - operation, 1904, =138¼=. =Increase—100 per cent.= in three - years. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TACOMA: ELECTRIC CITY OF THE PACIFIC -COAST, 1904 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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Pratt</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Tacoma: Electric City of the Pacific Coast, 1904</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Louis W. Pratt</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: January 26, 2021 [eBook #64395]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TACOMA: ELECTRIC CITY OF THE PACIFIC COAST, 1904 ***</div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/cover-smaller.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="" /> - -<h1>TACOMA<br /> -<span class="smaller">ELECTRIC CITY<br /> -OF THE<br /> -PACIFIC COAST</span></h1> - -<p class="right larger">1904</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="box"> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak">Tacoma Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade</h2> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Officers and Trustees 1903-4</span></h3> - -</div> - -<table> - <tr> - <td>WILLIAM JONES, <i>President</i>.</td> - <td>A. F. ALBERTSON, <i>Vice President</i>.</td> - <td>HENRY A. RHODES, <i>Treasurer</i>.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center">J. S. WHITEHOUSE, <i>Secretary</i>.</p> - -<table class="nw"> - <tr> - <td> - <ul> - <li>JOSHUA PEIRCE</li> - <li>CHARLES BEDFORD</li> - <li>GEORGE W. FOWLER</li> - <li>JESSE S. JONES</li> - </ul> - </td> - <td> - <ul> - <li>THOMAS B. WALLACE</li> - <li>E. J. FELT</li> - <li>S. R. BALKWILL</li> - <li>WM. H. SNELL</li> - </ul> - </td> - <td> - <ul> - <li>R. L. McCORMICK</li> - <li>ALEXANDER TINLING</li> - <li>WILLIAM VIRGES</li> - <li>R. G. HUDSON</li> - </ul> - </td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>This pamphlet is issued by the Tacoma Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade. Its -object is to present reliable information concerning Tacoma and to interest in this city -those who desire a location on the Pacific Slope in which to engage in business, manufacturing or -shipping, or a desirable place in which to live.</p> - -<p>The information herein contained is reliable and the statistics are official and up-to-date.</p> - -<p>Further or special information of any character will be cheerfully furnished upon application -to the</p> - -<p class="right">SECRETARY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE<br /> -<span class="smcap">Tacoma, Wash.</span></p> - -</div> - -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">Made in Tacoma——</span></li> -<li class="pl"><span class="smcap">Half-Tones by Tacoma Engraving Co.</span></li> -<li class="pl"><span class="smcap">Press of Allen & Lamborn Printing Co.</span></li> -</ul> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">TACOMA—1904</h2> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By Louis W. Pratt.</span></p> - -</div> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap.jpg" width="100" height="250" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">Tacoma, the Electric City of the Pacific -Coast, and the chief seaport of the North -Pacific, is situated at the head of ocean -navigation on Puget Sound in latitude 47° -15´ north and longitude 122° 25´ west from -Greenwich. Being further north than Duluth -or Quebec, Tacoma is supposed by -many to be bleak and cold. A popular -misapprehension among Eastern people -seems to be that Puget Sound is somewhere -near Alaska and that for half of the year -the people contend with snow and ice.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Climate and Health.</span></h3> - -<p>The climate of the Pacific Slope west of the Cascade -Mountains is tempered by the Pacific Ocean, the “Japan -current” and the equable southwesterly winds. The climate -resembles that of Western Europe rather than that -of the American Continent east of the Rocky Mountains. -Tacoma is four degrees further south than London, in -about the same latitude as Nantes, the chief city of Brittany, -near the mouth of the Loire. The climate of Puget -Sound is warmer in winter and cooler in summer than -that of Southern England, and is the most equable, salubrious -and delightful to be found in the United States.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus1.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Eleventh Street at Pacific Avenue.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> winters are open, the grass is green and -flowers bloom out of doors every month in the year. Last -winter the temperature fell below the freezing point (32° -above zero, Fahrenheit), on one day in November, six -days in December, three days in January, five days in -February and eight days in March. The minimum temperature -on the coldest day in November was 28° above -zero; in December, 29°; in January, 26°; in February, -23°; and in March, 29°. It would be more accurate to -speak of the “winter” months as the “rainy season,” -for one-half of the annual precipitation, which amounted -to 45.11 inches in 1903, an amount slightly above the -average rainfall, fell during the three months of January, -November and December. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has little snow -and no ice. Cyclones or furious winds, in this peculiarly -sheltered region between the Olympics and the Cascades, -are unknown.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus2.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">City Hall. Pierce County Court House.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> summer climate is equally free from extremes. -The temperature rarely rises to 80° Fahrenheit -on summer afternoons. In the summer of 1903, for example, -the mercury rose to 80° on only three days in -June, two days in July, once in August and once in September. -The nights are always cool, the days bright and -balmy. Thunder and lightning are exceedingly rare occurrences. -Nowhere in the world is the climate more conducive -to health, longevity, exhilaration of mind and -body, and to the production of flowers, fruits, forests -and crops in greater abundance and variety.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is one of the healthiest cities in the world. -The number of deaths during the last census year was -425, indicating an annual death rate of 11.3 per 1,000, -which is fully one-third less than the average annual -death rate for the United States, 17.4 per 1,000, and -almost the lowest reported from any one of the registration -cities of the country. Since 1900 the death rate at -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has decreased. The total number of deaths for -twelve months ending June 30, 1904, was 520. The population -of the city has increased 60 per cent. since the -last federal census was taken and the annual death rate -does not now exceed 8.67 per 1,000. Tacoma may fairly -claim to be the healthiest city in the world.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus3.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Tacoma in 1871.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Distinctive Characteristics.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the youngest of the maritime cities of the -United States. It is situated on one of the finest harbors -in the world. It is the leading seaport of Puget Sound, -the gateway to the Orient and Alaska. It is second only -to San Francisco on the Pacific Coast in the volume and -value of its foreign commerce. It is the chief Pacific -Coast port for steamship lines maintaining regular sailings -between <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and Japan, Asiatic Russia, China -and Manila; between <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and London, Liverpool and -Glasgow by way of the Orient, Suez Canal and the Mediterranean, -the longest regular steamship route in the -world; and between <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and Hamburg, the chief seaport -of Continental Europe, by way of Mexican, Central -and South American ports. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is in direct, regular -steamship communication with Alaska, San Francisco, -Honolulu and New York. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the western headquarters -and chief Pacific Coast terminal of the Northern -Pacific railway and the headquarters and western -terminal of the Tacoma Eastern railroad, the most important -independent railway in the State and the tourist -route to Paradise Valley and Mount Tacoma. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -handles the largest railway freight traffic of any city in -the Pacific Northwest. It is the center and operating -point of a system of city, suburban, and interurban electric -railways, with 135 miles of track. It is the chief -emporium, manufacturing and distributing point for the -leading staple products of the forests, farms, mines and -waters of the State of Washington and Alaska, and -the “Inland Empire,” the valleys of the Upper Columbia -and Snake Rivers in Eastern Washington and Idaho, -between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains. -It is the chief wheat exporting and flour milling city of -the Pacific Coast. It is the first city of the Pacific Northwest -in manufactures. It is the electric city of the Pacific -Coast with natural power resources unequalled at -any city in America except Niagara Falls. It is the -“home City” of the North Pacific Coast, and possesses -scenic attractions which evoked from Sir Henry Irving -the declaration that <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has the most beautiful situation -and environment of all the cities he had visited in the -world. It is an educational, literary, musical and social -center, with several institutions of higher learning, a -Public Library, a famous Museum, 800 acres of parks -of surpassing beauty, broad streets, fine public and private -buildings, theaters, hotels, churches, hospitals, charitable -and benevolent institutions and a rapidly growing -population of enterprising, prosperous and hospitable -people.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s Origin and Name.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> dates its birth from July 14, 1873. On that -day the commissioners appointed to locate the Puget -Sound terminal of the Northern Pacific railway decided -to recommend as such a point on the south side of Commencement -Bay, in township twenty-one, range three -east of the Willamette meridian. Commencement Bay -was the largest and best sheltered harbor to be found on -Puget Sound and was accessible by easy grades for railways -from the north, south and east, and by several easy -passes over the great Cascade Mountain range. Into the -bay flows the Puyallup River, fed by the eternal glaciers -of Mount Tacoma, the giant dome of snow whose image -Theodore Winthrop found “displaced in the blue depths -of tranquil waters” in the bay. The shore line of the -bay, stretching ten miles from Brown’s Point at the -northeast to Point Defiance at the northwest was at the -time referred to unbroken by human habitations, save a -hamlet clustering about a saw mill on the west shore of -the bay, a view of which, from a photograph taken in -1871, is presented on the opposite page. In 1870 the -federal census enumerator had found seventy-three inhabitants -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus4.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Tacoma in 1904.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—City and Mount Tacoma from Harbor.</li> -<li>2—Looking South from City Hall Tower.</li> -<li>3—Manufacturing District East of City Waterway.</li> -<li>4—Tacoma from McKinley Park.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span></p> - -<p>In the Ferry Museum is the original plat or sub-division -of some lands near the saw mill. It is entitled a map -of lots at “Commencement City,” but a line is drawn -through this name and the word “<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>” substituted. -The owners of the land discussed the name “Commencement -City” in the officers’ room of a Portland bank -and rejected it as an awkward designation. They preferred -instead the euphoneous Indian name of the mountain -which rises majestically to a height of 14,526 feet -southeast of the bay and commands the site of the -city that was to be erected apparently at its very base. -When President Roosevelt was Assistant Secretary of the -Navy, he selected <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> as the name of a new cruiser, -remarking that in his judgment the name should have -been adopted as the name of the State, instead of Washington.</p> - -<p>The selection of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> in 1873 as the terminus of -the Northern Pacific railway sealed its destiny as a -great city. During the same year a section of the road -was completed and opened extending from the north -bank of the Columbia River at Kalama to <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. The -largest towns at that time in the Pacific Northwest were -Portland and Victoria. The route between the two was -by river steamer from Portland to Kalama, thence by -rail to <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, and thence by sound steamer to Victoria -and intermediate points, Seattle being the largest town -on the route. Fourteen years, however, elapsed before -the main transcontinental line of the Northern Pacific -crossed the Cascades and entered <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> from the east.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Growth in Population.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> population, according to the federal census, -the annual school census, the directory lists, and other accepted -bases of calculation, has increased as follows:</p> - -<table summary="Population figures"> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th>City Limits.</th> - <th>City and<br />Suburbs.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1870</td> - <td class="tdr">73</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1880</td> - <td class="tdr">1,098</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1900</td> - <td class="tdr">37,714</td> - <td class="tdr">42,311</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1904</td> - <td class="tdr">60,250</td> - <td class="tdr">67,405</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus5.jpg" width="500" height="275" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Mount Tacoma from Point Defiance.</p> -</div> - -<p>The figures for 1870, 1880 and 1900 above quoted are -from the federal census. The number of names of individuals, -exclusive of all names of firms, corporations, -buildings and the like, in the city directory for 1900, -published by R. L. Polk & Co., was 16,951. The district -canvassed for the city directory includes the immediate -suburbs, which are to all intents and purposes a part of -the community. The ratio between the number of names -in the directory of 1900 and the population of the city -and immediate suburbs, as shown by the last federal -census, was 1 to 2½. The number of names of individuals -in the <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> city directory in 1900 and subsequent -years with the population as indicated by the use of -the multiplier 2½ is as follows:</p> - -<table summary="Population figures"> - <tr> - <th>Year.</th> - <th>Names in City<br />Directory.</th> - <th>Estimated<br />Population.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1900</td> - <td class="tdr">16,951</td> - <td class="tdr"><a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>42,372</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1901</td> - <td class="tdr">20,418</td> - <td class="tdr">51,045</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1902</td> - <td class="tdr">22,186</td> - <td class="tdr">55,455</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1903</td> - <td class="tdr">25,057</td> - <td class="tdr">62,642</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1904</td> - <td class="tdr">26,962</td> - <td class="tdr">67,405</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center smaller"><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1">*</a> Federal enumeration, 42,311.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus6.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<ul> -<li>1—Tacoma Hotel and Totem Pole.</li> -<li>2—Tacoma Theatre.</li> -<li>3—Northern Pacific Headquarters Building.</li> -<li>4—Tacoma Chamber of Commerce Building.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span></p> - -<p>This estimate of population in 1904 is confirmed by -the annual school census returns. The school census of -1904 for school district number 10, which is coextensive -with the city limits, reports 13,389 children of school age -residing in the district, as compared with 9,443 in 1900. -The census of the districts contiguous to the city and -embracing its immediate suburbs show a school population -in 1904 of 1,426, as compared with 646 in 1900. -The use of the multiplier 4½ applied to the school census -returns, indicates a population within the city limits in -1904 of 60,250 and in the city and its immediate suburbs -of 66,667. Other cities in the state employ a larger -multiplier than 4½ to estimate population from their -school census returns. For example, Seattle applies the -multiplier 6½, and Spokane 5¾ to their school census -returns in order to confirm their liberal estimates of -population. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is content to employ a safe and -conservative method of calculation.</p> - -<p>Postoffice receipts more than confirm the foregoing -estimates as to <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> growth and present population. -The receipts of the <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> postoffice for the fiscal year -ending June 30, 1904, were $113,599, as compared with -$63,928 for the year ending June 30, 1900. The increase -in postoffice receipts is at the rate of 14.7 per -cent. in one year; 28.2 per cent. in two years; 53.7 per -cent. in three years and 77.4 per cent. in four years. The -increase in population as above shown by an increase of -10,011 in the number of names in the city directory is at -the considerably lower rate of 59.0 per cent. in four years.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Causes Contributing to Growth.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> rapid growth is attributable to two principal -causes. First, the industrial, and second, the commercial -development of the city. There are abundant -grounds for the prediction that <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> will not only -continue to hold her position as the leading manufacturing -city in the State of Washington, but will rapidly -become one of the greatest industrial centers in the -world. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> possesses unequalled facilities for manufacturing -in several important fields of industry. The -first superior advantage is abundance of cheap power; -the second is the possession or command of the raw materials, -and the third is direct transportation facilities -placing her in touch with the markets of the world.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus7.jpg" width="700" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Some New Buildings.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—Masonic Temple and Hoska Building.</li> -<li>2—Rhodes Bros. Department Store.</li> -<li>3—Hyson Apartments.</li> -<li>4—Provident Life & Trust Company’s Building.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Abundance of Coal and Coke.</span></h3> - -<p>Mr. E. W. Parker, of the United States Geological -Survey, who served by appointment of President Roosevelt -as one of the anthracite strike arbitrators, recently -called the attention of the Washington State Press Association -to the fact that Pennsylvania, Illinois, Colorado -and Washington are the chief coal-producing States -in the four longitudinal sections or belts of the United -States from east to west and that each of these States -takes the lead in manufacturing among all the States -in its section. Washington has incalculable supplies of -coal of excellent quality for producing heat and generating -steam. The coal is stored in the Cascade Mountains -and the mines of Pierce, Kittitas and Southern -King Counties are in close and direct railway communication -with <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. It is said that the cars loaded -with coal at fifty mine openings in Western Washington, -would run by gravity into <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> by simply unloosening -the brakes. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has huge bunkers for coaling steamships -and a line of colliers plies constantly between this -port and San Francisco. The best, if not the only coking -coal yet mined in Washington is found in abundance -in Pierce County within thirty miles of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. But -fuel from the waste of the great lumber mills is so -abundant and cheap in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> that the tremendous advantage -of her proximity to the rich coal fields of Washington -is not as yet fully realized.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Inexhaustible Supply of Power.</span></h3> - -<p>Of even greater value than her coal as a factor in the -industrial development of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the utilization of -the enormous water power which has its origin and -source in the snow-capped and glacier-buttressed dome -of Mount Tacoma. The mountain from which <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -takes her name is an inexhaustible reservoir of power -whose efficiency is immeasurable. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> lies at its -feet and is the natural outlet and market for its harnessed -energies.</p> - -<p>Science has discovered the means for the conversion -of water power into electrical energy transmissible over -a wire from the place of its generation to a convenient -point for its application and use. There is a loss in -transmission which increases with the distance. Therefore -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, which is the nearest seaport and railway -terminal to the mountain from whose dizzy heights torrents -of water rush ceaselessly to the sea level, is favored -by her geographical position in the use of this power. -There are numerous streams which make a descent of -thousands of feet within fifty miles of the city. Capital -has been enlisted and freely expended in the work of generating -power for industrial and transportation purposes, -besides current for light and heat.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus8.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Puget Sound Power Company’s Plant.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—Power House, 3 Units In Operation.</li> -<li>2—View of Flume Line.</li> -<li>3—Penstock Line and Power House.</li> -<li>4—Placing Water Wheel and Rotor Shaft in Bearings.</li> -<li>5—Intake and Dam at Head Works.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Power Plant at Electron.</span></h3> - -<p>The largest plant in the world for the generation of -electric current by water power, with the single exception -of the power plant at Niagara Falls, has been installed -during the last eighteen months by the Puget -Sound Power Company, of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, at Electron, twenty-eight -miles southeast of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, near Lake Kapowsin, -on the Tacoma Eastern railroad. The work of installing -the power plant at Electron was commenced early in -1903. The first unit of 5,000-horse power was ready for -trial on April 14, 1904, and before the end of July, 1904, -four 5,000-horse power units, making a total of 20,000-horse -power, were completely installed and in commercial -operation. The Puget Sound Power Company is owned -by Messrs. Stone & Webster, of Boston, who control and -operate the Tacoma Railway & Power Company, the -Tacoma and Seattle Interurban railway and the Seattle -Electric Railway Company. The plant at Electron was -installed in order to furnish power for operation of the -urban, suburban and interurban railways of the Puget -Sound cities and to market the surplus to other power -consumers.</p> - -<p>A page of illustrations is here presented showing, -from recent photographs, some of the principal features -of the power plant at Electron. The water for the plant -is taken from the south fork of the Puyallup River, below -its junction with the Mowich, thirty-five miles from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -and 1,800 feet above sea level. The river at this -point drains five of the largest glaciers of Mount Tacoma. -A low dam has been constructed, shown in the photograph -of the headworks, whence the water is conducted by a -flume eight feet wide and eight feet deep, following the -contour of the river canyon and descending at the rate -of seven feet to the mile, ten miles and a half to a reservoir -covering twenty-one acres and averaging twenty feet -in depth, on the crest of the hill above the power house. -The reservoir holds in reserve ten hours’ supply for the -power plant. The water is dropped from the reservoir -to the power house through four steel pipes or penstock -lines, 1,700 feet in length, erected on the slope of the -canyon at an angle of about 45 degrees. A fall of 887 -feet and a pressure of 400 pounds to the square inch is -thus secured. Four million pounds of steel pipe were required -for the penstock line, each cylinder being four -feet in diameter at the top and reducing to two seven-inch -nozzles for each pipe. The water issues from the -nozzles at a speed of about three miles a minute and is -applied to four impulse water-wheels specially constructed -for the purpose. The present electrical installation includes -four generators, each of 3,500 kilowatts capacity. -The flume, the reservoir, the forebay, the slope for the -penstock line and the site for the power house have been -constructed or prepared with a view of adding to the -capacity of the plant. The west wall of the power house -shown in the illustration is temporary, in contemplation -of its extension and the installation of from two to four -additional 5,000-horse power units as soon as required.</p> - -<p>The present plant is abundantly supplied with water -by the flume filled to a depth of three feet. The water -passes through the flume at the rate of seven miles an -hour. There is abundance of water for the operation -of the plant in the Puyallup River at all seasons of the -year, as the river is fed by torrents from the glaciers in -the dry season and by copious rains in the winter.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus9.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Views in Tacoma’s Parks.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—Superintendent Roberts’ Lodge at Point Defiance Park.</li> -<li>2—The Sound from Point Defiance Park.</li> -<li>3—Glimpse In Wright Park.</li> -<li>4—The Beach at Point Defiance.</li> -<li>5—Spanaway Park.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p> - -<p>The Puget Sound Power Company, of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, has -a large surplus of power above the requirements of the -electric railways controlled by Stone & Webster. This -power is already used to pump water from the new -driven wells at South <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> for the city of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, -also to operate the great railway construction and repair -plant of the Northern Pacific railway at South <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, -the new packing house plant of the Carstens Packing Company -on the tideflats, the large grain warehouses and -elevators between the Eleventh Street bridge and the -Government warehouse on the city waterway, numerous -furniture factories, machine shops, pipe and iron foundries, -and a large number of stationary motors for miscellaneous -enterprises at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, besides supplying current -for light and power in the valley towns between -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and Seattle and the latter city. The transmission -line from Electron to <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is twenty-eight miles -in length, while the distance from the plant to Seattle -is forty-eight miles.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Snoqualmie Falls Power Plant.</span></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus10.jpg" width="500" height="650" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Snoqualmie Falls, 270 Feet High.</p> -</div> - -<p>The colossal power plant at Electron is not the only -enterprise of its kind that is contributing to the industrial -growth of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. The Cascade Mountains are -the source of many rivers which have filed out deep canyons -and here and there plunge over lofty precipices -seeking ocean level in Puget Sound not many miles away. -The first of the waterfalls in the foothills of the Cascades -to be harnessed to generate electric power for transmission -to the Puget Sound cities was Snoqualmie Falls, -270 feet in height, or nearly twice as high as the falls -of the Niagara River. A plant generating 10,000-horse -power was installed at Snoqualmie Falls about four years -ago, a large share of the product of which is transmitted -to <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, forty-four miles distant, where it is employed -for city lighting and important industrial purposes, such -as supplying power to the Tacoma Smelter, Tacoma Grain -Company’s flour mills, and many other manufacturing -enterprises.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus11.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<ul> -<li>1—Union Club House.</li> -<li>2—Telephone Exchange.</li> -<li>3—Sheard Building.</li> -<li>4—New Public Library.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span></p> - -<p>A fire destroyed the transformer house at the Snoqualmie -Falls power plant September 20, 1903. A new fire-proof -transformer house has been erected in which four -transformers of 2,500 kilowatts, or about 3,300-horse -power each, have been installed in place of a battery of -thirteen 550 kilowatt transformers, thus increasing the -capacity of the transformers by more than 4,000-horse -power.</p> - -<p>The product of the Snoqualmie power plant was in -use up to its limit when the fire of September, 1903, occurred, -and the Tacoma Cataract Company, distributors -of the Snoqualmie power in this city, had already begun -the construction of an auxiliary steam power plant on the -tideflats at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, which was completed and placed in -operation December 20, 1903. It adds 1,500-horse power -to the product of the Snoqualmie Falls power plant employed -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">White River Power Company.</span></h3> - -<p>The inadequacy of the Snoqualmie Falls power plant -to meet the demand for power for municipal and industrial -purposes at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, prompted its owners to undertake -a much larger enterprise, which will result in the -construction of still another mammoth power plant within -ten miles of the city of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>.</p> - -<p>The plan which is being carried out by what is known -as the White River Power Company, is to divert the -White River about half a mile above the town of Buckley -into a canal, beginning at this point and extending -a distance of about five miles across the tableland to -Lake Tapps. The canal is being excavated like an ordinary -railway cut out of the solid gravel, hardpan or -earth or whatever the geological formation happens to -be. It will be thirty feet in width on the bottom and -fifty-five feet wide at the top and eight feet deep. Dams -are to be constructed at the low points on the northerly -side of Lake Tapps so that the lake can be raised to a -level thirty-five feet higher than the present, which will -cause the lake to overflow and merge with Kirtley Lake, -Crawford Lake and Kelly Lake, covering all the intervening -bottom lands and valleys so that the total area -thus submerged and overflowed will exceed 4,000 acres -of land. This lake may be drawn down thirty feet. This -reservoir will be supplied by the flood waters of White -River and will be drawn out through the water wheels -during the season of low water, and by thus equalizing -the flow of the river will make the power plant capable -of a continuous development of 100,000-horse power. -The reservoir will permit the plant to run at full load -for several months, even if White River were to run -dry or the use of the supply canal were to be discontinued -for that length of time.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus12.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<ul> -<li>1—Puget Sound Flouring Mills.</li> -<li>2—Pacific Brewing Company’s Plant.</li> -<li>3—Dry Dock at Quartermaster Harbor.</li> -<li>4—Power House of White River Power Company.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span></p> - -<p>The water from this enlarged lake reservoir will be -led through a channel into a masonry penstock whence -pressure pipes will conduct it down a declivity to the -site of the power house, within ten miles of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, -giving a fall of 485 feet. At the foot of these pipes the -power house, 105×250 feet, will be constructed, as shown -on the opposite page, and the water will thence be released -into the Stuck River. A short transmission line -will conduct the power to the Tacoma Cataract Company -building in this city, whence a large share of the present -output of the Snoqualmie Falls power plant is now -distributed to consumers, public and private, in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus13.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Nisqually River at Its Source in a Glacier.</p> -</div> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Undeveloped Power Resources.</span></h3> - -<p>There are many other rivers or streams fed by the -glaciers and snows of Mount Tacoma which may and -will be utilized for generating electrical power as rapidly -as required. The Tacoma Industrial Company has recently -bought a continuous strip four miles in length, -including the White River, and is making preparations to -install a 15,000-horse power plant twelve miles from -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. The Nisqually River, which flows into the Sound -south of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, has enormous undeveloped power resources. -Within thirty miles of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, at Le Grand, -a station on the Tacoma Eastern, on the brink of the -Nisqually Canyon, is an available and accessible water -power capable of generating 30,000-horse power. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -commands the use of from 150,000 to 200,000-horse power -as soon as required.</p> - -<p><i>NO OTHER SEAPORT IN THE WORLD HAS -SUCH ABUNDANT RESOURCES OF CHEAP POWER -FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES.</i></p> - -<p><i>POWER IS BEING DELIVERED TO THE CITY -OF TACOMA FOR PUMPING AND LIGHTING PURPOSES -AT THE LOWEST CONTRACT PRICES AT -WHICH POWER IS OBTAINED AT ANY CITY IN -THE WORLD.</i></p> - -<p><i>MANUFACTURERS AT TACOMA ARE OBTAINING -ELECTRIC POWER AT A LOWER PRICE THAN -THAT AT WHICH POWER IS OBTAINABLE AT -ANY OTHER TIDEWATER PORT IN THE UNITED -STATES.</i></p> - -<p><i>TACOMA IS THE ELECTRIC CITY OF THE PACIFIC -COAST.</i></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus14.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Tacoma Smelter.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Access to Raw Materials.</span></h3> - -<p>Another important factor in <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> industrial development, -past, present and future, is its proximity and -convenient access to the natural products or raw materials -employed in manufacturing. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the point at -which the leading staple products of Washington are -chiefly assembled for manufacture and distribution. The -resources of “Wonderful Washington” are manifold. -The products of the mines, the forests, the farms and -ranches, and of the waters are of untold value to the -world. <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> geographical position is such that she -commands these products as does no other point in the -pacific Northwest. The great Olympic Peninsula between -Puget Sound and the Pacific Ocean is surrounded -by water on three sides. Railroads are required to bring -its products to tidewater, and <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, at the head of -ocean navigation on the Sound, is in closest proximity -of all the Sound ports to this section rich in timber and -mineral resources. South, southeast, east and northeast -of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> are equally rich sections of territory extending -from the Sound on the north and west to the Columbia -River on the south and to the ridge line of the Cascade -Mountains on the east, whose treasures of agricultural, -mineral and forest wealth must seek the markets of the -world through this port. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the natural and -exclusive outlet for the products of this region. Six -steam and four electric railway lines radiating from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, -and numerous steamers plying between <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -and the island and mainland ports of the Sound afford -transportation facilities for the traffic of the immediate -and more remote regions tributary to the city. Across -and beyond the mountain passes lie the Yakima Valley, -the “Inland Empire,” and the greater domain of the -United States whose products seeking trans-pacific markets -pass through this natural gateway to the Orient.</p> - -<p>Puget Sound is 300 miles nearer Japan, Manila and -the Orient than San Francisco. It is 800 miles nearer -Alaska than the Golden Gate. Ores for the Tacoma -Smelter are brought by rail from Eastern Washington -and by water from Alaska; from the islands along the -coast of British North America; from British Columbia, -Korea, Straits Settlements, Mexico and Central America. -Foreign products brought across the pacific for manufacture -in the United States, such as raw silk from China and -Japan and hemp from Manila, are landed at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. -The rail and water transportation facilities which unite -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, coupled with its command of raw materials -and its wonderful resources of power and coal, -make this city a most exceptionally favored point for -manufacturing.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus15.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Homes of Tacoma Banks.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—Equitable Building.</li> -<li>2—National Bank of Commerce Building.</li> -<li>3—Berlin Building.</li> -<li>4—Luzon Building.</li> -<li>5—Fidelity Trust Company’s Building.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Available Manufacturing Sites.</span></h3> - -<p>A resume of <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> superior advantages for manufacturing -would be incomplete without reference to its -abundant supply of manufacturing sites. There are -twelve square miles of tide and river flats immediately -east of the city which, owing to a combination of circumstances, -were until recently incapable of private ownership -and occupation. At the south end or head of -Commencement Bay there is a level plain traversed near -its westerly side by the Puyallup River. The lands on the -easterly side of the river were for many years set apart -by the government as a part of the Puyallup Indian reservation, -but recently these have been sold by order of -the government. The King County line extended also to -the Puyallup River and the tide and river flats at the -head of the bay—most advantageously located for commercial -and industrial purposes—being without their -jurisdiction, were incapable of improvement by the city -or Pierce County. But in 1901 the reservation lands were -legally annexed to Pierce County, of which <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is -the county seat, and the occupation of this enormous -area of flat lands adjacent to tidewater has just begun.</p> - -<p>A substantial bridge has this year been erected by the -city of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> across the Puyallup River at a convenient -point for access to the annexed lands from the manufacturing -district which occupies the flats west of the Puyallup -River. The federal government has made a complete -survey of the harbor of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, the plans for the -improvement of which contemplate the construction of -a series of waterways extending from deep water in the -bay a considerable distance to the south. The City -Waterway, which is being dredged to a width of 550 feet -and depths increasing as it approaches the bay from -fifteen to thirty feet, under a contract awarded by the -federal government in January, 1903, extends as far -south as Twenty-third Street, or nearly twenty city blocks -from the original harbor line. Miles of additional waterfront -and wharves will thus be obtained at the head of -the bay, exclusive of the natural shore line some ten miles -in extent from Brown’s Point to Point Defiance. Railroads -and steamships will have direct and immediate access -to the very heart of this district. The acquisition -and improvement by the construction of roads, bridges -and waterways of 6,000 acres of land immediately adjacent -to the city, make it possible for many more manufacturers -to secure sites and utilize the limitless power -resources of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, the great <span class="smcap">Industrial City of the -Pacific Northwest</span>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus16.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Loading Lumber at Tacoma Mill Company’s Wharf.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is now the leading manufacturing city of -Washington and the Pacific Northwest. The industrial -development of the city since 1900 has been phenomenal. -According to the federal census there were in 1900 381 -manufacturing establishments at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, whose aggregate -invested capital was $8,146,691, of which there were -385 proprietors and in whose employ there were 293 -salaried officials and clerks and 4,347 wage-earners. -Of this total number of wage-earners in manufacturing -and mechanical industries at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, 4,104 were men, -while only 243 were women or children under the age -of 16 years. The total value of the products, including -custom work and repairing, of the 381 establishments -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> for the year preceding the taking of the census -was $12,029,497.</p> - -<p><i>MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED NEW MILLS AND -FACTORIES HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THE LIST -OF TACOMA’S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES -DURING THE FOUR YEARS THAT HAVE ELAPSED -SINCE THE FEDERAL CENSUS WAS TAKEN. -THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF MORE THAN TWO -NEW FACTORIES EVERY MONTH. MANY OF -THE OLDER ESTABLISHMENTS HAVE DOUBLED -OR TREBLED THEIR CAPACITY DURING THE -SAME PERIOD.</i></p> - -<p>No complete summary of the operations of <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> -manufacturing establishments can be presented for comparison -with the census report of 1900. But from written -reports submitted to the Tacoma Daily News by some -of the leading manufacturing concerns in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, it -appears that during the calendar year 1903, one hundred -and thirty-five representative manufacturers in the city -employed an average of 6,796 wage-earners during the -year, while the value of the finished product of these -establishments alone for the same year was $28,932,295, -and the cost of permanent improvements or additions to -the plants during the year was $1,129,550. In other -words, 135 out of 500 to 600 establishments that would -now be classified by the census as manufacturing concerns -in this city employed 2,349 more wage-earners in 1903 -than were employed by a total of 389 establishments during -the census year, while the value of the output of -these 135 establishments in 1903 was nearly two and one-half -times as great as the total value of the product of -389 establishments in 1900.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Lumber Industry at Tacoma.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the largest lumber manufacturing point -on the Pacific Coast. The manufacture of lumber is -the most important industry in the Pacific Northwest. -In 1900 there were twelve lumber and shingle mills in -operation in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. In 1903 there were twenty-two in -operation, employing an average of 2,682 wage-earners. -The increase in the lumber and shingle output since 1900 -may be shown by the following figures, based upon reports -from the local mills.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Cut of Tacoma Lumber Mills.</span></p> - -<table summary="Cut of Tacoma Lumber Mills"> - <tr> - <th>Year.</th> - <th>Lumber, feet.</th> - <th>Shingles.</th> - <th>Total value.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1900</td> - <td class="tdr">185,414,130</td> - <td class="tdr">178,386,000</td> - <td class="tdr">$2,517,967</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1901</td> - <td class="tdr">219,150,000</td> - <td class="tdr">251,000,000</td> - <td class="tdr">2,695,700</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1902</td> - <td class="tdr">303,654,557</td> - <td class="tdr">347,565,000</td> - <td class="tdr">4,069,000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1903</td> - <td class="tdr">361,522,766</td> - <td class="tdr">376,935,500</td> - <td class="tdr">5,110,398</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus17.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Company’s Mill and -Wheeler-Osgood Company’s New Sash and Door Factory.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span></p> - -<p>The increase in three years in the number of mills -engaged in the lumber and shingle industry at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -is at the rate of 83.3 per cent.; in the lumber cut at the -rate of 96.6 per cent.; in the output of shingles at the -rate of 94.0 per cent.; and in the value of the product at -the rate of 103.0 per cent.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Largest Lumber Plant in the World.</span></h3> - -<p>The St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Company’s plant -on the flats between the City Waterway and the Puyallup -River, is the largest saw mill plant in the United States -and probably in the world. It was established in 1888. -Its original capacity of 300,000 feet per diem has been -increased to 500,000 feet by the erection of a second mill -since 1900, and during the year 1903 the company cut -122,348,562 feet of fir, spruce, hemlock and cedar and -sawed, dried and packed 63,822,000 shingles, its output -for the year being valued at $1,761,698. The company -operates five logging camps along the Northern Pacific -and Tacoma Eastern railways and employs 1,500 men.</p> - -<p>The Tacoma Mill Company’s plant on the waterfront -at “Old Town” is the second largest lumber plant at -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> in capacity, number of men employed and the -value of its output. This company is the successor of -the firm of Hanson & Ackerson who established a mill -in 1868 on the shore of Commencement Bay where the -present plant of the Tacoma Mill Company now stands. -The first settlement at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> was due to this mill. Its -original capacity was 40,000 feet per diem, which has -been increased to 300,000 feet, the output for 1903 including -85,824,204 feet of lumber and 42,738,500 shingles, -valued at $1,000,000.</p> - -<p><i>RAIL SHIPMENTS OF LUMBER AND SHINGLES -FROM THE TACOMA MILLS INCREASED -FROM 3,141 CARS IN 1900 TO 6,012 CARS IN 1903, -WHILE CARGO SHIPMENTS OF LUMBER INCREASED -FROM 77,818,557 FEET IN 1900 TO 129,036,317 -FEET IN 1903.</i></p> - -<p>The United States transport <i>Dix</i> sailed on May 9, -1903, from this port for Manila with 3,900,156 feet of -lumber loaded at two <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> mill wharves. <i>THIS WAS -THE LARGEST LUMBER CARGO EVER LOADED -IN THE WORLD.</i></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Other Manufactures of Wood.</span></h3> - -<p>A large share of the product of the <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> lumber -mills is supplied to manufacturers in this city. A long -list of industries has developed at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> in consequence -of its pre-eminence as the lumber mart of the State. -There are many planing mills and sash, door and blind -factories. The largest plant of this description in the -State is that of the Wheeler-Osgood Company, on the -flats, enlarged and rebuilt since its destruction by fire -in September, 1902. Tacoma has large ship yards and -builds the largest wooden vessels for sail and steam navigation -engaged in the Sound or Coastwise trade to Alaska. -There are three car construction and repair plants at -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>; several furniture factories, including the largest -plant in this industry on the Coast, that of the -Carman Manufacturing Company, covering six acres; -the largest plant in the West for the manufacture of -coffins and caskets; also the largest plant in this section -of the world for the manufacture of wooden-stave water-pipe, -that of the Washington Pipe and Foundry Company. -There are several large plants for the manufacture -of boxes and box shooks, and a great variety of industrial -enterprises for the manufacture of articles chiefly -of wood, such as ladders, wheelbarrows, incubators, -churns, carriages and wagons, kegs, mantles, pails, tubs, -trucks, wooden spoons, and many other articles.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus18.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Northern Pacific Railway Construction and Repair Plant.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span></p> - -<p>In this connection the fact should be mentioned that -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is not only the great mart for Washington fir, -spruce, hemlock, pine and cedar—soft woods, but has -command also of abundant supplies of hard woods, such -as maple, oak and ash, which are also found in Western -Washington. Among the new <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> industries of 1904 -is a large plant for the manufacture of parlor furniture -from hard woods such as are obtainable in this vicinity -or will be brought from the tropical forests of the Philippine -Islands by steamships plying between this port -and Manila.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Railway Construction and Repair Plants.</span></h3> - -<p>The second largest manufacturing plant in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -which is also the largest plant of its description in the -Pacific Northwest, is the railway construction and repair -plant of the Northern Pacific Railway at South <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. -This enormous plant furnishes employment for 800 men -and manufactures and repairs everything in the line of -motive power or rolling stock for railroad use. A $60,000 -building for an additional boiler shop is now being erected -to enlarge the facilities for locomotive work. The -shops of the Tacoma Eastern railroad and the Tacoma -Railway & Power Company are also located at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. -Adjoining the Northern Pacific plant is a large plant of -the Griffin Car Wheel Works, and not far distant from -South <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the largest rolling mill in the State, -the plant of the Western Iron & Steel Works at Lakeview. -Allied to this class of industrial enterprises are -numerous foundries and machine shops for the manufacture -of stationary and marine engines and boilers, -machinery, saws, architectural iron, bridges, and other -products of brass, tin, copper, iron and steel. The Puget -Sound Dry Dock & Machine Company, of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, operates -the largest private drydock north of San Francisco.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus19.jpg" width="700" height="550" alt="" /> -<ul> -<li>1—Washington Pipe & Foundry Company.</li> -<li>2—Tacoma Warehouse & Elevator Company.</li> -<li>3—Carstens Packing Company.</li> -<li>4—Elevator A and Tacoma Grain Company’s Flour Mill.</li> -<li>5—Pacific Starch Company.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Largest Smelter on the Coast.</span></h3> - -<p>Still another line of industry in which <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> takes -the lead, is in the reduction of ores of gold, silver, lead, -copper and other metals. The Tacoma Smelting Company’s -plant on the waterfront at the north end of the -city is the largest smelter on the Pacific Coast. In 1902 -the plant was enlarged by the addition of huge copper -reduction works which began operations in September, -1902, and a copper refinery, the only plant of its kind -west of Great Falls, Montana, is now in course of construction. -The Tacoma Smelter began operations in September, -1890. In 1891 an average of fifty-eight men -were employed, and the value of the output was $781,133.38. -Five hundred men are now employed at the -smelter and the output of the plant for the year 1903 -was as follows:</p> - -<table summary="Output of the plant for the year 1903"> - <tr> - <td>Gold, 176,312.41 ounces</td> - <td class="tdr">$3,644,377.51</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Silver, 1,899,831.64 ounces</td> - <td class="tdr">1,016,409.93</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lead, 22,488,377 lbs</td> - <td class="tdr">955,756.02</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Copper, 10,889,463 lbs</td> - <td class="tdr">1,422,853.84</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tot">Total value of output</td> - <td class="tdr bt">$7,039,397.30</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>The amount paid in wages in 1903 was $264,767.60, -freight paid to Northern Pacific railway, $336,751.85, -and freight paid to vessels, $164,392.55.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Flour Mills and Cereal Plants.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the chief flour milling city of the Pacific -Northwest. The product of its flour mills in 1903 was -valued at $4,075,000. The Puget Sound Flouring Mills -Company operate the largest flour mill in the State at -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. The Tacoma Grain Company’s mill adjoining -Elevator A was erected in 1902. The Sperry Milling Company, -the largest millers in California, in connection with -the Tacoma Warehouse & Elevator Company, are erecting -a large mill on the waterfront adjoining Elevator B. -The Albers Brothers Milling Company are about to erect -another large flour and cereal mill on the City Waterway. -The plant of the Pacific Starch Company, erected at a -cost of $108,000 and opened in August, 1903, for the -manufacture of non-chemical wheat starch, is the largest -wheat starch factory in the United States. The Coast -Cereal Company have erected this year and are now operating -a large cereal plant at South <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Brewing and Malting Establishments.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has two large breweries. The plant of the -Pacific Brewing & Malting Company has been enlarged -by the erection of three large cellars, increasing the capacity -of the plant to 150,000 barrels a year. Malt is -manufactured at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, not only by local brewers for -their own use, but also for the trade. The Puget Sound -Malting Company is the only plant on the Coast north of -San Francisco engaged exclusively in the manufacture -of malt, and supplies the trade in Eastern Washington, -Oregon and Alaska, besides the Sound cities. The -plant has been doubled in capacity to 240,000 bushels per -year since January 1, 1904.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has the largest stockyards and slaughtering -and meat packing establishment west of the Missouri -River Valley. The new plant of the Carstens Packing Company -on the tideflats is pronounced to be the best equipped -and most complete and up-to-date packing house in the -United States. Its capacity is 250 cattle, 500 sheep and -500 hogs per day. It will shortly be in full operation -employing 300 men. The plant of the Pacific Cold Storage -Company prepares meats for a large trade in Alaska. -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has also large fish canneries, pickling and preserving -works, bottling establishments, mineral and soda-water -works, coffee and spice mills, flavoring extract and -chemical works and candy factories. A large plant is -now being erected for the manufacture of crackers and -biscuits.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus20.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Views Along the Tacoma Eastern Railroad.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—Unloading Logs at Tacoma.</li> -<li>2—Sluskin Falls, Paradise River.</li> -<li>3—Lake Kapowsin Station.</li> -<li>4—Mount Tacoma from Paradise Valley.</li> -<li>5—Train Leaving Tacoma.</li> -<li>6—In the Mountains.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span></p> - -<p>Among the other lines of industry in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> not already -enumerated are mills or factories for the manufacture -of brick and tile; brushes and brooms; artificial -ice; soap; tannery products; shoe uppers; boots and -shoes; buggy-tops; furs and for goods; clothing; shirts; -overalls; stockings; underwear; knit-goods; tents, awnings -and sails; paper boxes; fish baskets; oilskin garments -and other goods; cigars; cigar boxes; metal bedsteads -and woven-wire bed springs; cotton felt; carpets -and rugs; excelsior; egg cases; enamels; furnaces and -stoves; blank books, ledgers; stencils; rubber stamps; -trunks and traveling bags; paints and varnish, and many -other articles. <i>TACOMA IS THE LEADING MANUFACTURING -CITY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST.</i></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Railway Facilities and Traffic.</span></h3> - -<p><i>TACOMA HAS THE MOST EXTENSIVE RAILWAY -TERMINAL FACILITIES AND HANDLES -MORE FREIGHT THAN ANY OTHER CITY IN THE -PACIFIC NORTHWEST.</i> The Northern Pacific railway -has expended many millions in improvements on the -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> waterfront. The official figures furnished by -the railroads showing the number of cars of pay freight -consigned to each of the three leading cities of the Pacific -Northwest during the year 1903 are as follows:</p> - -<table summary="Freight figures"> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th colspan="3">Cars of freight received at—</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th>Railway System.</th> - <th>Tacoma.</th> - <th>Seattle.</th> - <th>Portland.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Northern Pacific</td> - <td class="tdr">58,779</td> - <td class="tdr">47,219</td> - <td class="tdr">8,463</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tacoma Eastern</td> - <td class="tdr">10,074</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Commercial Dock</td> - <td class="tdr">155</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Great Northern</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">9,837</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pacific Coast Co.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">11,020</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>O. R. & N</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">35,815</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Southern Pacific</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">17,281</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Astoria & Columbia River</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">896</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>O. W. P. & R. Co.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">193</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tot">Totals</td> - <td class="tdr bt">69,008</td> - <td class="tdr bt">68,070</td> - <td class="tdr bt">62,648</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>The Northern Pacific railway operates several distinct -lines which radiate from and converge at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. -The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy operates -through trains to and from Missouri River points and -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, over the N. P. tracks from Billings, Montana. -The Harriman system is to be extended to <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> from -Portland. The Tacoma Eastern railroad is now in operation -from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> to Ashford, with a branch to Electron, -57.5 miles of track being now in operation. This -railroad taps the rich timber, coal and agricultural lands -on the southerly and westerly slopes of Mount Tacoma. -The company owns and is developing extensive coal -mines. It is about to extend into the “Big Bottom” -country, as the rich and fertile valley of the Upper -Cowlitz River is called, from three to twelve miles wide -and sixty miles in length, one of the most desirable sections -for settlement in the State. The Tacoma Eastern -railroad is the gateway to Mount Tacoma and the National -Park. The federal government is now constructing -a wagon road to Paradise Valley and the Camp of -the Clouds, which will connect with the railroad. Paradise -Valley and Mount Tacoma are destined to become -a great resort for tourists.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus21.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A City of Beautiful Homes.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—Residences of Col. C. W. Griggs and Henry Hewitt.</li> -<li>2—Residences of L. D. Campbell and L. R. Manning.</li> -<li>3—Nelson Bennett’s Residence.</li> -<li>4—Residences of Stuart Rice and Chester Thorne.</li> -<li>5—S. R. Balkwill’s Residence.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Electric Railway Systems.</span></h3> - -<p>The general offices of the Puget Sound Electric Railway, -operating fifty-three miles of standard gauge electric -railway, are at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. The main line extends from -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> to Seattle, with a branch to Renton, twelve miles -from Seattle, and an extensive logging road from Edgewood, -near <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, through the timber country towards -Brown’s Point. This is pronounced to be one of the -finest equipped, best constructed and operated electric -railways in the country. Thirty-four trains arrive or -leave <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> daily between six o’clock <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span> and midnight. -The road has been in operation about two years -and is aiding materially in the settlement and development -of the rich Puyallup and White River Valleys between -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and Seattle.</p> - -<p>The Tacoma Railway & Power Company operates 85¼ -miles of city and suburban electric and cable railways -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. Lines are operated to Puyallup, 16 miles; -to Spanaway, 14 miles, and Steilacoom, 13 miles distant, -bringing these towns into close touch with <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, and -facilitating the growth of the city’s suburbs. About 400 -men are regularly employed as trainmen, trackmen, in -the shops and general offices. The increase in the number -of passengers carried during the past year is not -less than 5,000 per day.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s Ocean Commerce.</span></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus22.jpg" width="500" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Train on Tacoma-Seattle Interurban Railway.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> ocean commerce exceeds in magnitude and -value that of every other port on the Pacific Coast with -the exception of San Francisco. President James J. -Hill, of the Great Northern Railway, explained the -fact with the epigrammatic remark: “<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has the -facilities.” <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> possesses one of the finest harbors -in the world and has the most extensive wharves and -warehouses for handling ocean traffic on the Pacific Coast.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus23.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">City Waterway from Eleventh Street Bridge.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> handles the largest share of the foreign trade -of the North Pacific Coast, the chief ports of which are -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, Portland and Seattle. The imports and exports -of these three ports for ten years from July 1, 1894, to -June 30, 1904, inclusive, as shown by the official customs -reports, were valued as follows:</p> - -<table summary="Trade figures"> - <tr> - <td>Tacoma</td> - <td class="tdr">$121,652,289</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Portland</td> - <td class="tdr">105,590,572</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Seattle</td> - <td class="tdr">84,911,055</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the leading port of the Puget Sound customs -district, the headquarters of which are at Port -Townsend, and which includes <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, Seattle and fourteen -other ports. Of the total foreign commerce of the -Puget Sound district, <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> handles more than 50 per -cent., Seattle less than 30 per cent., and the balance is -distributed between fourteen other ports in the district. -The following are the official figures showing the imports, -exports and total foreign commerce of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, Seattle, -and the Puget Sound district for the first six months -of 1904:</p> - -<table summary="Trade figures"> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th>Imports.</th> - <th>Exports.</th> - <th>Total Foreign<br />Commerce.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tacoma</td> - <td class="tdr">$2,835,712</td> - <td class="tdr">$5,573,867</td> - <td class="tdr">$8,409,579</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Seattle</td> - <td class="tdr">1,493,455</td> - <td class="tdr">3,071,911</td> - <td class="tdr">4,565,366</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Minor ports</td> - <td class="tdr">869,176</td> - <td class="tdr">2,633,465</td> - <td class="tdr">3,502,641</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tot">Puget S’d Dist.</td> - <td class="tdr bt">$5,198,343</td> - <td class="tdr bt">$11,279,243</td> - <td class="tdr bt">$16,477,586</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>In ten years from 1894 to 1903, inclusive, the Puget -Sound customs district, of which <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the chief -port, rose from twenty-first to ninth in the magnitude of -its foreign commerce among the customs districts of the -United States. For the year ending June 30, 1903, Puget -Sound was the sixth district in the United States in the -tonnage of American and foreign vessels entered and -cleared in the foreign trade. The leading customs districts, -in the order of their rank in tonnage entered and -cleared, are New York, Boston, Philadelphia, New Orleans, -Baltimore, <span class="smcap">Puget Sound</span>, San Francisco, Galveston, -Portland (Maine), and Pensacola.</p> - -<p>While Puget Sound ranks ninth among the customs -districts of the United States in the magnitude of its -ocean commerce, measured by the value of its imports -and exports, this district stands first in the United States -in exports of manufactured lumber, boards, deals and -planks; shingles; fowls, and bristles. Second in exports -of sheep, buckwheat, oats, baking powder, cotton cloths, -dried herring, canned salmon, hay, malt liquors and -manufactures of tin. Third in exports of cycles, ginseng, -eider, copper ore, printing paper, milk and onions. Fourth -in exports of barley, wheat, wheat flour, bran, middlings -and mill-feed, candies, canned fruits and gunpowder. -Fifth in exports of eggs and malt. Sixth in exports of -furniture, salt, hogs, oysters, hops and nursery stock. -Seventh in exports of horses and copper, and eighth in -exports of fresh fish.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus24.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Oriental Wharves and Warehouses.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> ocean commerce may be classified as foreign -and coastwise. The latter includes chiefly shipments to -and receipts by water from Alaska, Hawaii and California. -The foreign trade of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> extends to every continent -on the globe and to the islands of the sea. The -coastwise receipts are chiefly ores, salmon and furs from -Alaska, and fruits, general merchandise and manufactures -from California. The coastwise shipments consist -chiefly of merchandise sold by <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> jobbers to customers -in Alaska, provisions, machinery, lumber, feed, -etc.; bullion, coal, lumber and flour to California, and -coal, lumber and merchandise to Hawaii. The foreign -commerce of the port consists of imports of silk, tea, -mattings, Manila hemp, and other Oriental products, ores -for the <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> smelter, grain bags for Washington -wheat, cement and fire-bricks for building purposes, iron -and steel and other foreign commodities imported into -the United States; and exports the most valuable of -which are Washington products, wheat, flour, canned and -salt salmon, lumber, bottled beer, barley, hay and oats, -besides cotton, domestics, bicycles, tobacco and other products -and manufactures of Eastern and Southern States. -But by far the greater part of <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> exports are -products of the State or of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> mills.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Mistress of the Oriental Trade.</span></h3> - -<p>The Oriental trade of the Pacific Coast now centers -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. In June, 1892, the first steamship for the -Orient from Puget Sound was dispatched from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. -In 1903, forty-four regular liners sailed from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -for the Orient, carrying cargoes valued at $8,149,906 -from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, and cargo from Seattle valued at $946,318.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the home port of the Boston Steamship -Company, which operates a line of five large steamships -of American build and registry between Puget Sound -and the Orient. This line was established in July, 1902. -During the first two years of its operation, there were -thirty-five sailings from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> for the Orient and -thirty-two arrivals by vessels of the line. Cargoes of -foreign merchandise valued at $6,146,488 were landed -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, while domestic merchandise for export to -the value of $6,444,911 was loaded on vessels of the line -at this port. Seattle furnished additional cargo for the -line to the value of $2,505,935. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has handled -83.4 per cent. of the total foreign commerce carried by -the Boston Steamship Company since the inauguration of -its Puget Sound-Oriental line.</p> - -<p>The China Mutual Steamship Company, Ltd., and -the Ocean Steamship Company, Ltd., both of which are -owned by Alfred Holt & Company, British ship owners, -operate a joint service between <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and Liverpool -and Glasgow by way of the Orient, Suez Canal and Mediterranean -route. Dodwell & Company, the <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -agents of the line, shipped from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> in 1903, for -the Orient and Europe, by this service and the smaller -steamships of the Northern Pacific Steamship Company, -cargoes valued at $4,635,325, with additional cargo from -Seattle valued at $31,805. The steamships Tacoma, Victoria -and Olympia, for many years in the <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>-Oriental -trade, have recently been sold, the traffic having -outgrown their capacity. The cargo capacity of these -pioneer steamships in <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> Oriental trade ranged -from 3,000 to 3,800 tons. The new steamships in the -service have cargo capacity ranging from 6,739 tons to -18,000 tons. The Shawmut and Tremont of the Boston -Steamship Company, and the Ning Chow, the Oanfa and -the Keemun of the Holt lines, are the largest carriers -in the Trans-Pacific trade.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus25.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Tacoma’s Wheat Warehouses.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—Loading by Electric Conveyor.</li> -<li>2—Machinery for Cleaning Wheat.</li> -<li>3—Sacked Wheat in Warehouses.</li> -<li>4—Where Sail meets Rail.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span></p> - -<p>The Kosmos Line operates a regular service between -Puget Sound and Hamburg by way of Mexican, Central -and South American ports. In 1903 there were fifteen -sailings from Puget Sound by steamships of this line, -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> furnishing nearly 70 per cent. of the total cargoes -carried from the Sound.</p> - -<p>The largest vessels engaged in the coastwise trade -from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> are the steamships of the American-Hawaiian -line operating from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> to Honolulu and -New York, returning by way of San Francisco. The -Arizonian, Alaskan and Texan of this line, are vessels -of 8,671 tons gross register and 12,000 tons cargo capacity. -There were fourteen sailings from <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> for -Honolulu and New York by this line in 1903.</p> - -<p>Two lines of steamships are operated regularly between -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and other Sound ports and San Francisco, -and several lines to Alaska. A fleet of colliers also plies -constantly between <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> and San Francisco, carrying -coal from this port. In 1902, 375,183 tons of coal were -shipped as cargo from this port, exclusive of fuel for -steamships. In 1903, the shipments of coal increased to -488,723 tons.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> handles the largest share of the staple products -of the State of Washington, lumber, wheat, flour -and coal. The shipments of lumber and coal have already -been stated. <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> facilities for the handling -of wheat are unequalled at any other port in the world. -The new wheat warehouses erected in 1900 and 1901 on -the city waterway, are the longest in the world, being -2,360 feet in length and 148 feet in width. They doubled -the warehouse capacity for grain at this port and afford -admirable facilities for receiving the wheat from the -cars, cleaning and sacking it and loading it on ocean -carriers. There are also two enormous grain elevators -and three large flour mills on the waterfront. <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> -facilities for exporting wheat and flour are so extensive -that in October, 1902, no less than twenty-five wheat carriers -were loaded and dispatched and the exports of the -month included upwards of 2,000,000 bushels of wheat -and 200,000 barrels of flour.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is now the leading wheat and flour shipping -port on the Pacific Coast, and the customs district of -Puget Sound, of which <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the leading port, now -ranks fourth in the United States in both wheat and -flour exports, and fourth also in the combined exports -of wheat and wheat flour reduced to wheat measure, -each barrel of flour being equivalent to four and one-half -bushels of wheat.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus26.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Group of Wholesale Houses.</p> -<ul> -<li>1—On Lower Pacific Avenue.</li> -<li>2—F. S. Harmon & Company, Wholesale Furniture.</li> -<li>3—Hunt & Mottet, Hardware.</li> -<li>4—Wm. Gardner & Company, Plumbing, Heating and Mill Supplies.</li> -<li>5—West Coast Grocery Company.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span></p> - -<p><i>THE PUGET SOUND CUSTOMS DISTRICT, OF -WHICH TACOMA IS THE LEADING PORT, HANDLING -90 PER CENT. OF THE WHEAT AND 60 PER -CENT. OF THE FLOUR EXPORTS OF THE DISTRICT, -ROSE FROM TENTH TO FOURTH PLACE -IN WHEAT EXPORTS AND FROM SEVENTH TO -FOURTH PLACE IN FLOUR EXPORTS IN THREE -YEARS FROM 1900 TO 1903.</i></p> - -<p>The following table, compiled from the records of -the <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> harbormaster, shows the total value of <span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> -ocean commerce, foreign and coastwise, for the -last five years:</p> - -<table summary="Trade figures"> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th colspan="2">Coastwise and Foreign—</th> - <th></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th>Receipts.</th> - <th>Shipments.</th> - <th>Total.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1899</td> - <td class="tdr">$8,607,196</td> - <td class="tdr">$12,195,915</td> - <td class="tdr">$20,803,111</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1900</td> - <td class="tdr">9,058,325</td> - <td class="tdr">14,858,507</td> - <td class="tdr">23,916,822</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1901</td> - <td class="tdr">11,495,859</td> - <td class="tdr">22,904,877</td> - <td class="tdr">34,400,736</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1902</td> - <td class="tdr">12,544,865</td> - <td class="tdr">27,886,800</td> - <td class="tdr">40,431,665</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1903</td> - <td class="tdr">13,335,398</td> - <td class="tdr">21,861,972</td> - <td class="tdr">35,497,370</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Wholesale and Jobbing Trade.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has a large and steadily increasing jobbing -trade. Seventeen individual firms and corporations are engaged -in the export trade in grain. There are sixty-three -concerns engaged in the manufacture or sale of lumber, -many of the number being large wholesalers. There are -a number of importing houses which handle Oriental -goods, fire-brick, cement, grain bags and other foreign -products for which there is a local demand.</p> - -<p>Wholesale houses are established at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> which -supply the trade in groceries and provisions, produce, -cereals, flour and feed, meats, fish, wines and liquors, confectionery, -tobacco and cigars, dry goods and notions, -furs, boots and shoes, drugs, paints and oils, hardware, -building materials and contractors’ supplies, belting and -hose, machinery and mill supplies, plumbers’ supplies, -wool, paper, furniture, and coal. There are numerous -commission houses and manufacturers’ agents. The West -Coast Grocery Company, of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, has the largest trade -in Alaska of any grocery house in the Northwest. The -first and only exclusively wholesale house established on -Puget Sound in the trade in dry goods and notions was -located and opened at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> in January, 1903, after -a careful canvass of the merits of other cities. This was -quickly followed by the establishment of a wholesale -notion house, also handling dry goods. The largest wholesale -furniture house in the Pacific Northwest is at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>. -One hundred and forty-four wholesale and jobbing -houses handled a trade amounting to $26,839,000 -in 1903. Two hundred and eighty-six new business -houses were opened in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> during 1903, while only -three were closed. These figures were furnished by the -mercantile agencies.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Banks and Banking.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has three national banks, two state banks -and one foreign banking corporation, the London & San -Francisco Bank, Ltd. There are also various institutions -for savings and building loans. The deposits in the -banks of discount and deposit aggregate $8,000,000 and -are constantly increasing.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus27.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<ul> -<li>1—Western Washington State Hospital for the Insane.</li> -<li>2—Children’s Home.</li> -<li>3—St. Joseph’s Hospital.</li> -<li>4—Fannie C. Paddock Memorial Hospital.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Increase in Bank Clearings.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma’s</span> bank clearings reflect the marvelous growth -of business transacted in this city. The total bank clearings -for twelve months ending June 30, 1904, amounted -to $102,301,642, as compared with $93,348,272 during -the previous fiscal year, $51,838,768 during twelve -months ending June 30, 1900, and $24,550,442 during -twelve months ending June 30, 1897. <i>TACOMA’S BANK -CLEARINGS HAVE INCREASED AT THE RATE OF -97.3 PER CENT. IN FOUR YEARS AND AT THE -RATE OF 316.7 PER CENT. IN SEVEN YEARS.</i></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Realty Transfers and Improvements.</span></h3> - -<p>The number of real estate conveyances file for record -during twelve months ended June 30, 1904, was -6,513, and the amount of expressed consideration was -$6,302,837. This is an increase over the previous year -of $1,096,206, or at the rate of 21.1 per cent., and in -two years of $2,781,428, or at the rate of 79.0 per cent.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Activity in Building Operations.</span></h3> - -<p>There has been a phenomenal increase in building operations -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> amounting to no less than 855.8 per -cent. in five years last past. The following is the official -record of the building inspector, showing the number -and estimated cost of dwellings and total building -operations for which permits were issued during the last -six years. The building inspector’s record does not cover -a large amount of building in the immediate suburbs of -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, for industrial and residence purposes.</p> - -<table summary="The official record of the building inspector"> - <tr> - <th rowspan="2">Twelve Mos.<br />ending June</th> - <th colspan="2">Dwellings.</th> - <th colspan="2">Total Permits.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th>Number.</th> - <th>Cost.</th> - <th>Number.</th> - <th>Cost.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1904</td> - <td class="tdr">845</td> - <td class="tdr">$883,068</td> - <td class="tdr">1,429</td> - <td class="tdr">$1,691,105</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1903</td> - <td class="tdr">620</td> - <td class="tdr">665,895</td> - <td class="tdr">1,043</td> - <td class="tdr">1,543,755</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1902</td> - <td class="tdr">447</td> - <td class="tdr">491,005</td> - <td class="tdr">779</td> - <td class="tdr">869,492</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1901</td> - <td class="tdr">251</td> - <td class="tdr">316,640</td> - <td class="tdr">652</td> - <td class="tdr">692,156</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1900</td> - <td class="tdr">130</td> - <td class="tdr">97,350</td> - <td class="tdr">422</td> - <td class="tdr">417,845</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1899</td> - <td class="tdr">74</td> - <td class="tdr">51,195</td> - <td class="tdr">371</td> - <td class="tdr">176,934</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>Notwithstanding the investment of millions of dollars -in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> realty and improvements, the mortgage -indebtedness shows no appreciable increase. In -1903, realty transfers reciting a consideration of $4,646,537, -were recorded and permits were issued in -the city of <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> for improvements estimated to cost -$1,700,000. The net increase in the mortgage indebtedness, -as shown by the record of mortgages and mortgage -releases, was $169,655, or only 2.6 per cent. of the amount -involved in real estate purchases and improvements.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Federal Building and Collections.</span></h3> - -<p>The federal government has purchased a site for a -much needed public building at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, which will -shortly be erected. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the headquarters of the -new Internal Revenue Collection District of Washington -and Alaska. Federal collections at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> for the fiscal -year ending June 30, 1903, were as follows: Internal -revenue, $688,696.50; customs, $301,039.32; postoffice receipts, -$113,598.66; total, $1,103,334.48. Postoffice receipts -have increased at the rate of 132.1 per cent. in -seven years.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus28.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<ul> -<li>1—Mason Library, Whitworth College.</li> -<li>2—Annie Wright Seminary from Wright Park.</li> -<li>3—Administrative Building, University of Puget Sound.</li> -<li>4—Residence and Boys’ Dormitory, Whitworth College.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span></p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Municipal Improvements and Utilities.</span></h3> - -<p>Extensive municipal improvements are in progress. -Among the more important are several miles of asphalt -and brick paving; fifty miles of new sidewalks, principally -of cement; sewers, water mains and bridges. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -owns and operates its own water and electric lighting -plants, supplying both water and light to private -consumers. The city procures current from the power -companies at the lowest rates paid in the United States -and receives a large and increasing revenue from operation, -notwithstanding recent reductions in rates, which -are as low to private consumers as in any American city. -<span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> maintains an efficient free employment bureau.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Assessment and Bonded Debt.</span></h3> - -<p>The assessed valuation of taxable property in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -in 1903 was $22,468,988. The bonded indebtedness, exclusive -of the water and light debt, is $1,743,000. The -city has no floating indebtedness and has a sinking fund -amounting to $135,734.52, largely invested in <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -city bonds bought in the market at 110. The city owns -property valued at $3,250,000. The light and water debt -of $2,080,000 represents the capital invested in a profitable -business which produces a revenue to the city.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Schools, Colleges and Churches.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has twenty-one public schools of the primary -and grammar school grades and a high school. A magnificent -building with accommodations for 1,200 pupils -is being erected for the high school. The enrollment in -the public schools for the year 1903-04 was 8,939 and -the average daily attendance 7,066. The value of school -property in the district is $988,040, while the total liabilities, -including bond and warrant indebtedness amounted -to $492,523.02 on June 30, 1904, with a cash balance -on hand of $36,554.82.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is the seat of Whitworth College, founded -and conducted by the Presbyterian Church, which occupies -a conspicuous location overlooking the Sound. The -University of Puget Sound is under the auspices of the -Methodist Episcopal Church. The University occupies -a fine new building at the West End. The Annie Wright -Seminary is a boarding and day school for girls. It -is liberally endowed and has a valuable property near -Wright Park. The Pacific Lutheran Academy and Business -College is at Parkland, a suburb at the south. -Vachon College is at Burton, on Quartermaster Harbor. -The Academy of the Visitation and St. Aquinas Academy -are schools for girls under Roman Catholic auspices. -There are also two business colleges, a training school -for nurses in connection with the Fannie Paddock Hospital, -and schools of music and art.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has upwards of eighty church organizations, -representing all the leading religious denominations. <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> -is the see city of the Episcopal Jurisdiction of -Olympia.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Ferry Museum and New Public Library.</span></h3> - -<p>The Ferry Museum occupies the fourth and fifth floors -of the County Court House. It has extensive collections -of natural history, art, sculpture, Indian baskets and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -relics, Oriental curios and the like. The Tozier exhibit -is the most extensive Indian collection in the world.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has a new public library building completed -and opened in 1903, the gift to the city of Andrew Carnegie, -who gave $75,000 for the building, the city providing -the site. The library contains 30,000 volumes.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Hospitals and Asylums.</span></h3> - -<p>There are two large and well-equipped general hospitals -at <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, St. Joseph’s Hospital, and the Fannie -C. Paddock Memorial Hospital, also a large new Pierce -County Hospital. A $100,000 hospital for the employes -of the Northern Pacific railway is now building. At -Steilacoom is the Western Washington State Hospital for -the Insane. There are three children’s homes for orphans -or friendless children, and numerous benevolent -and charitable institutions.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">800 Acres of Public Parks.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> has 800 acres of beautiful parks. Point -Defiance Park occupies the northerly extremity of the -peninsula on which <span class="smcap">Tacoma</span> is built. It has about three -miles of shore line on the Sound and most of it is covered -with giant fir. It is a park of unusual natural -beauties and attractions. Wright Park is a garden, -twenty-eight acres in extent in the heart of the city, -with a great variety of shrubs, trees and flowers.</p> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Opportunities.</span></h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tacoma</span>, the industrial and commercial center of the -Empire State of the Coast, is an inviting field for enterprise -and effort and offers boundless opportunities for -the profitable employment of capital in manufactures, -trade, commerce and transportation, and rich rewards -for the exercise of brains and well-directed energies.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus29.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">Decorated for Tacoma’s Rose Carnival.</p> -</div> - -<h3>BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED DURING THREE YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1904, BY MONTHS.</h3> - -<table summary="Building permits figures" class="borders"> - <tr> - <th rowspan="2"><span class="smcap">Months.</span></th> - <th colspan="4">1901-02.</th> - <th colspan="4">1902-03.</th> - <th colspan="4">1903-04.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Dwellings.</span></th> - <th colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Total Permits.</span></th> - <th colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Dwellings.</span></th> - <th colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Total Permits.</span></th> - <th colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Dwellings.</span></th> - <th colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Total Permits.</span></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>No.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>Cost.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>No.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>Cost.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>No.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>Cost.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>No.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>Cost.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>No.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>Cost.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>No.</i></td> - <td class="tdc"><i>Cost.</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July</td> - <td class="tdr">29</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 35,040</td> - <td class="tdr">66</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 66,845</td> - <td class="tdr">38</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 43,955</td> - <td class="tdr">73</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 76,945</td> - <td class="tdr">79</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 74,640</td> - <td class="tdr">113</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 125,680</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>August</td> - <td class="tdr">23</td> - <td class="tdr">29,990</td> - <td class="tdr">47</td> - <td class="tdr">59,540</td> - <td class="tdr">42</td> - <td class="tdr">42,850</td> - <td class="tdr">70</td> - <td class="tdr">150,880</td> - <td class="tdr">90</td> - <td class="tdr">96,135</td> - <td class="tdr">149</td> - <td class="tdr">120,401</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>September</td> - <td class="tdr">38</td> - <td class="tdr">52,200</td> - <td class="tdr">63</td> - <td class="tdr">137,741</td> - <td class="tdr">39</td> - <td class="tdr">48,660</td> - <td class="tdr">69</td> - <td class="tdr">113,555</td> - <td class="tdr">84</td> - <td class="tdr">88,150</td> - <td class="tdr">144</td> - <td class="tdr">170,345</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>October</td> - <td class="tdr">30</td> - <td class="tdr">21,125</td> - <td class="tdr">61</td> - <td class="tdr">36,941</td> - <td class="tdr">45</td> - <td class="tdr">43,252</td> - <td class="tdr">81</td> - <td class="tdr">120,700</td> - <td class="tdr">68</td> - <td class="tdr">65,720</td> - <td class="tdr">117</td> - <td class="tdr">148,783</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>November</td> - <td class="tdr">22</td> - <td class="tdr">21,290</td> - <td class="tdr">34</td> - <td class="tdr">24,520</td> - <td class="tdr">42</td> - <td class="tdr">39,140</td> - <td class="tdr">77</td> - <td class="tdr">54,095</td> - <td class="tdr">45</td> - <td class="tdr">33,730</td> - <td class="tdr">78</td> - <td class="tdr">122,225</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>December</td> - <td class="tdr">17</td> - <td class="tdr">15,800</td> - <td class="tdr">25</td> - <td class="tdr">31,200</td> - <td class="tdr">20</td> - <td class="tdr">22,075</td> - <td class="tdr">43</td> - <td class="tdr">70,695</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">35,900</td> - <td class="tdr">84</td> - <td class="tdr">56,015</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>January</td> - <td class="tdr">33</td> - <td class="tdr">34,900</td> - <td class="tdr">55</td> - <td class="tdr">53,340</td> - <td class="tdr">49</td> - <td class="tdr">51,130</td> - <td class="tdr">77</td> - <td class="tdr">84,785</td> - <td class="tdr">55</td> - <td class="tdr">57,360</td> - <td class="tdr">92</td> - <td class="tdr">116,553</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>February</td> - <td class="tdr">37</td> - <td class="tdr">46,650</td> - <td class="tdr">60</td> - <td class="tdr">68,900</td> - <td class="tdr">60</td> - <td class="tdr">75,410</td> - <td class="tdr">100</td> - <td class="tdr">116,725</td> - <td class="tdr">62</td> - <td class="tdr">64,485</td> - <td class="tdr">105</td> - <td class="tdr">121,675</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>March</td> - <td class="tdr">55</td> - <td class="tdr">57,075</td> - <td class="tdr">84</td> - <td class="tdr">109,050</td> - <td class="tdr">71</td> - <td class="tdr">72,505</td> - <td class="tdr">106</td> - <td class="tdr">306,012</td> - <td class="tdr">68</td> - <td class="tdr">72,100</td> - <td class="tdr">115</td> - <td class="tdr">92,950</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>April</td> - <td class="tdr">55</td> - <td class="tdr">57,415</td> - <td class="tdr">96</td> - <td class="tdr">104,320</td> - <td class="tdr">78</td> - <td class="tdr">76,660</td> - <td class="tdr">131</td> - <td class="tdr">190,990</td> - <td class="tdr">83</td> - <td class="tdr">100,580</td> - <td class="tdr">128</td> - <td class="tdr">135,600</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May</td> - <td class="tdr">72</td> - <td class="tdr">73,460</td> - <td class="tdr">122</td> - <td class="tdr">100,280</td> - <td class="tdr">62</td> - <td class="tdr">67,595</td> - <td class="tdr">99</td> - <td class="tdr">111,743</td> - <td class="tdr">86</td> - <td class="tdr">97,160</td> - <td class="tdr">160</td> - <td class="tdr">234,582</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>June</td> - <td class="tdr">36</td> - <td class="tdr">46,060</td> - <td class="tdr">66</td> - <td class="tdr">76,815</td> - <td class="tdr">74</td> - <td class="tdr">82,463</td> - <td class="tdr">117</td> - <td class="tdr">146,630</td> - <td class="tdr">81</td> - <td class="tdr">97,108</td> - <td class="tdr">144</td> - <td class="tdr">246,296</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tot bt bb">Totals</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">447</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$491,005</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">779</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$869,492</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">620</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$665,695</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">1043</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$1,543,755</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">845</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$883,068</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">1429</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$1,691,105</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3>TACOMA BANK CLEARINGS.</h3> - -<table summary="Bank clearings figures" class="borders"> - <tr> - <th><span class="smcap">Months.</span></th> - <th>1901-02.</th> - <th>1902-03.</th> - <th>1903-04.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 4,318,153.03</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 5,409,206.75</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 7,715,579.70</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>August</td> - <td class="tdr">4,594,683.55</td> - <td class="tdr">5,945,993.04</td> - <td class="tdr">7,308,197.37</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>September</td> - <td class="tdr">5,252,834,60</td> - <td class="tdr">6,244,709.50</td> - <td class="tdr">8,330,087.33</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>October</td> - <td class="tdr">5,982,652.46</td> - <td class="tdr">8,569,541.60</td> - <td class="tdr">9,268,786.11</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>November</td> - <td class="tdr">5,537,297.55</td> - <td class="tdr">8,460,959.94</td> - <td class="tdr">8,764,691.01</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>December</td> - <td class="tdr">5,031,807.23</td> - <td class="tdr">9,681,493.06</td> - <td class="tdr">10,060,853.96</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>January</td> - <td class="tdr">5,414,839.63</td> - <td class="tdr">8,969,399.35</td> - <td class="tdr">8,719,901.12</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>February</td> - <td class="tdr">4,267,933.49</td> - <td class="tdr">7,521,557.21</td> - <td class="tdr">8,175,534.17</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>March</td> - <td class="tdr">5,243,385.69</td> - <td class="tdr">8,639,380.86</td> - <td class="tdr">9,144,338.91</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>April</td> - <td class="tdr">5,266,410.53</td> - <td class="tdr">8,162,920.94</td> - <td class="tdr">8,231,909.76</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May</td> - <td class="tdr">5,508,605.51</td> - <td class="tdr">7,965,403.09</td> - <td class="tdr">8,299,838.70</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>June</td> - <td class="tdr">5,736,684.64</td> - <td class="tdr">7,767,707.08</td> - <td class="tdr">8,281,923.53</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tot bt bb">Totals</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$62,155,287.91</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$93,348,272.42</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$102,301,641.67</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3>POST OFFICE RECEIPTS.</h3> - -<table summary="Post office receipt figures" class="borders"> - <tr> - <th><span class="smcap">Months.</span></th> - <th>1901-02.</th> - <th>1902-03.</th> - <th>1903-04.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 6,828.06</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 7,854.42</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 8,934.53</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>August</td> - <td class="tdr">6,036.91</td> - <td class="tdr">6,603.76</td> - <td class="tdr">8,708.47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>September</td> - <td class="tdr">7,098.88</td> - <td class="tdr">7,620.88</td> - <td class="tdr">8,736.62</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>October</td> - <td class="tdr">7,163.26</td> - <td class="tdr">8,209.68</td> - <td class="tdr">10,277.23</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>November</td> - <td class="tdr">7,439.21</td> - <td class="tdr">7,867.43</td> - <td class="tdr">9,264.48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>December</td> - <td class="tdr">8,498.15</td> - <td class="tdr">10,269.96</td> - <td class="tdr">11,837.96</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>January</td> - <td class="tdr">8,473.29</td> - <td class="tdr">9,277.34</td> - <td class="tdr">10,053.33</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>February</td> - <td class="tdr">7,330.70</td> - <td class="tdr">9,024.62</td> - <td class="tdr">9,613.01</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>March</td> - <td class="tdr">7,238.57</td> - <td class="tdr">8,360.07</td> - <td class="tdr">9,807.18</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>April</td> - <td class="tdr">7,592.38</td> - <td class="tdr">8,357.45</td> - <td class="tdr">9,021.51</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May</td> - <td class="tdr">8,069.68</td> - <td class="tdr">7,651.96</td> - <td class="tdr">8,551.12</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>June</td> - <td class="tdr">6,998.30</td> - <td class="tdr">8,128.26</td> - <td class="tdr">8,793.22</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tot bt bb">Totals</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$88,767.39</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$99,225.83</td> - <td class="tdr bt bb">$113,598.66</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="box"> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak">HOW TACOMA GROWS</h2> - -</div> - -<p>(Compiled from latest obtainable statistics. “1903-4” refers to the -fiscal year ending June 30, 1904.)</p> - -<div class="hanging"> - -<p><b>Population of Tacoma</b> and environs, July 1, 1904; <b>67,405</b>. -<b>Increase</b> in four years—<b>25,094</b>, or at the rate of <b>59.3 -per cent.</b></p> - -<p><b>Post Office Receipts</b>, 1903-4, <b>$113,598.66</b>. -<b>Increase—14.7 per cent.</b> in one year; <b>28.2 per cent.</b> in two -years; <b>53.7 per cent.</b> in three years; <b>77.4 per cent.</b> in -four years; <b>132.1 per cent.</b> in seven years.</p> - -<p><b>Bank Clearings</b>, 1903-4, <b>$102,301,272.42</b>. <b>Increase—9.6 -per cent.</b> in one year; <b>64.6 per cent.</b> in two years; <b>77.0 -per cent.</b> in three years; <b>97.3 per cent.</b> in four years; -<b>316.7 per cent.</b> in seven years.</p> - -<p><b>Building Permits</b>, 1903-4, <b>1,429</b>. <b>Increase—37.0 per -cent.</b>, in one year; <b>80.8 per cent.</b> in two years; <b>134.5 per -cent.</b> in three years; <b>238.6 per cent.</b> in four years.</p> - -<p><b>Cost of Building Improvements</b>, 1903-4, <b>$1,691,105</b>. -<b>Increase—9.5 per cent.</b> in one year; <b>94.5 per cent.</b> in two -years; <b>144.3 per cent.</b> in three years; <b>304.7 per cent.</b> in -four years; <b>855.8 per cent.</b> in five years.</p> - -<p><b>Realty Transfers</b>, 1903-4, <b>$6,302,837</b>. <b>Increase—21.1 per -cent.</b> in one year; <b>79.0 per cent.</b>, in two years.</p> - -<p><b>Customs Receipts</b>, 1903-4, <b>$301,039.32</b>. <b>Increase—148.3 -per cent.</b> in four years; <b>356.7 per cent.</b> in six years.</p> - -<p><b>Ocean Commerce</b>, 1903-4, <b>$37,362,782</b>. <b>Increase—2.2 per -cent.</b> in one year; <b>28.0 per cent.</b> in three years; <b>63.8 per -cent.</b> in four years.</p> - -<p><b>Cut of Lumber Mills</b>, 1903, <b>361,522,766 feet</b>. -<b>Increase—19.0 per cent.</b> in one year; <b>65.0 per cent.</b> in two -years; <b>96.6 per cent.</b> in three years.</p> - -<p><b>Product of Shingle Mills</b>, 1903, <b>376,935,500</b> shingles. -<b>Increase—94.0 per cent.</b> in three years.</p> - -<p><b>Output of Tacoma Smelter</b>, 1903, <b>$7,059,397.30</b>. -<b>Increase—188.7 per cent.</b> in three years.</p> - -<p><b>Daily Capacity of Flouring Mills</b>, 1904, <b>5,550 barrels</b>. -<b>Increase—146.7 per cent.</b> in four years.</p> - -<p><b>Number of Telephones in use</b>, July 1, 1904, <b>6,192</b>. -<b>Increase—250.4 per cent.</b> since Jan. 1, 1900.</p> - -<p><b>Miles of Electric Railway</b>—Urban, Suburban and Interurban—in -operation, 1904, <b>138¼</b>. <b>Increase—100 per cent.</b> in three -years.</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TACOMA: ELECTRIC CITY OF THE PACIFIC COAST, 1904 ***</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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