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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #64101 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64101)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook, Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War, by
-Various, Edited by M. S. Hunt
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-
-Title: Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War
-
-
-Author: Various
-
-Editor: M. S. Hunt
-
-Release Date: December 22, 2020  [eBook #64101]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOVA SCOTIA'S PART IN THE GREAT
-WAR***
-
-
-E-text prepared by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
-Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
-
-
-
-Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
-      file which includes the original illustrations.
-      See 64101-h.htm or 64101-h.zip:
-      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/64101/64101-h/64101-h.htm)
-      or
-      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/64101/64101-h.zip)
-
-
-      Images of the original pages are available through
-      Internet Archive. See
-      https://archive.org/details/novascotia00huntuoft
-
-
-Transcriber’s note:
-
-      Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
-
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  ARMS GRANTED TO THE COLONY OF NOVA SCOTIA
-  BY KING CHARLES I]
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  HIS HONOUR THE HONOURABLE McCALLUM GRANT, LL.D.
-
-  Lieut.-Governor of Nova Scotia.]
-
-
-NOVA SCOTIA’S PART IN THE GREAT WAR
-
-Compiled and Edited
-
-by
-
-M. S. HUNT
-
-(Captain R.O.)
-
-Illustrated from Half-Tones
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Halifax, Nova Scotia:
-The Nova Scotia Veteran Publishing Co., Limited
-1920
-All Rights Reserved
-
-Copyright, Canada, 1920, by
-M. S. Hunt.
-
-
-
-
-                                   To
-
-                          The Immortal Memory
-
-                                   of
-
-                          Our Fallen Comrades
-
-
-
-
-                                PREFACE
-
-
-Two years have passed since the last gun was fired in the Great War on
-the Western Front and hitherto no attempt has been made to place before
-the people of Nova Scotia a comprehensive history of the various
-Military Units and Patriotic Organizations which won for the Province
-imperishable fame.
-
-Anyone who makes an impartial investigation of Nova Scotia’s response to
-the call of duty will concede that the sturdy little Province by the sea
-achieved an enviable record. In some respects it surpassed the other
-Provinces of the Dominion in promoting the successful conclusion of the
-great conflict—not only by the number of splendid troops it supplied in
-proportion to its population, both for Overseas and Home Service, but
-also because it had in its capital city, Halifax, the Naval Base of the
-British Empire on the Atlantic Coast, and from its spacious harbor sent
-many hundreds of ships Overseas laden with Canadian and Allied troops
-and received them after the Armistice when they were employed in
-returning the victors to their homes. From Nova Scotia ports, chiefly
-Halifax and Sydney, were also shipped munitions, supplies and equipment
-required by the Army in the field. The appreciation of the troops and
-their dependants on their return from Overseas of the welcome given them
-by the representatives of the citizens of Halifax, and the comforts and
-kindnesses bestowed upon them, has been attested by many grateful
-letters received from homes scattered over the North American continent.
-The patriotic work of the Nova Scotia Branch of the Red Cross Society,
-with its country auxiliaries, was magnificent. All other patriotic
-societies and organizations gave equally valuable service. In fact, Nova
-Scotia played a role in the conduct of the war which will redound to her
-glory for all time. May the same sense of unity and spirit of
-self-devotion, which characterized her people during the war, be
-retained undiminished and be used wisely in time of peace.
-
-In giving a review of each of the Military Units which were mobilized or
-organized in Nova Scotia for service in the Great War, narrative has
-been adhered to as far as possible. Official war records were consulted
-in so far as they were available, but a great deal of information had to
-be gathered from personal war diaries and interviews. The book contains
-as complete a history of Nova Scotia’s part in the Great War as could be
-compressed into a single handy library volume. And it has several unique
-features. It contains many engraved portraits of Nova Scotian officers
-who made the supreme sacrifice, of officers commanding Units, leaders of
-patriotic organizations, and groups of special persons and events, and a
-reproduction of the authentic Nova Scotia Coat of Arms, granted by
-Charles I—all of which will be of great interest to readers of this
-history.
-
-Before closing this preface special recognition should be made of J. D.
-Logan, M.A. (Dalhousie Univ.), Ph.D. (Harvard Univ.), formerly Sergeant
-in the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders, for his patient, keen,
-and thorough reading of the entire manuscript, with important
-alterations and corrections.
-
-I am also deeply indebted to Major J. G. Johnstone, R.O., for his
-indefatigable assistance in the compilation of this volume.
-
-For information and assistance my thanks are also due to: Colonel W. E.
-Thompson, Colonel Thos. Cantley, Lt.-Col. S. G. Robertson, C.B.E.,
-Lt.-Col. H. Flowers, Lt.-Col. Joseph Hayes, D.S.O., Lt.-Col. D. H.
-Sutherland, Lt.-Col. R. B. Simmons, Lt.-Col. A. W. Duffus, Lt.-Col. T.
-M. Seeley, Lt.-Col. J. L. McKinnon, Lt.-Col. E. C. Dean, Major C. E.
-McLaughlin, Major G. B. Cutten, Acadia Univ., Major A. A. Sturley, Univ.
-of King’s College, Major J. F. Taylor, Major M. D. McKeigan, Major W. G.
-McRae, Major D. A. McKinnon, D.S.O., Major P. O. Soulis, Capt. G. C.
-McElhinney, M.C., Capt. Angus L. McDonald, Hon. Capt. Clarence McKinnon,
-Capt. B. M. Beckwith, Capt. F. G. Kingdon, Capt. G. T. Shaw, Lieut. W.
-H. Whidden, Dr. H. P. McPherson, St. Francis Xavier University,
-Professor Fraser Harris, Medical School, Dalhousie University, Principal
-F. H. Sexton, Nova Scotia Technical College, Mr. A. A. Campbell, Mr. F.
-A. Crowell, Mr. McI. Miller, Mr. Stuart McCawley, Mr. Wilfred Hearn, Mr.
-J. McL. Fraser, Mr. J. A. Walker.
-
-                                                        M. S. HUNT,
-                                                              Capt. R.O.
-
-  HALIFAX, N.S.
-      ARMISTICE DAY, 1920.
-
-
-
-
-                                CONTENTS
-
-
-                                                                    PAGE
- NOVA SCOTIA’S COAT OF ARMS (Granted by Charles I)                     i
-
- PORTRAIT of His Honour the Honourable McCallum Grant, LL.D.,
-   Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia                                 iv
-
- DEDICATION                                                          vii
-
- PREFACE                                                              ix
-
- PORTRAIT of Sir Robert Borden, Premier of Canada, during the War   xiii
-
- PORTRAIT of the Honourable George Henry Murray, Premier of Nova
-   Scotia                                                            xvi
-
-
-  CHAPTER
-       I. Headquarters Military District No. 6                         1
-
-      II. 6th Canadian Mounted Rifles                                  9
-
-     III. 9th Siege Battery                                           22
-
-      IV. 10th Siege Battery                                          28
-
-       V. 17th Field Battery                                          31
-
-      VI. 23rd and 24th Field Batteries                               41
-
-     VII. 36th Field Battery                                          43
-
-    VIII. 14th Brigade, C.F.A.                                        56
-
-      IX. Royal Canadian Regiment                                     58
-
-       X. 17th Battalion                                              65
-
-      XI. 25th Battalion                                              70
-
-     XII. 40th Battalion                                              92
-
-    XIII. 64th Battalion                                              95
-
-     XIV. 85th Battalion and Band                                     99
-
-      XV. 106th Battalion                                            116
-
-     XVI. 112th Battalion                                            119
-
-    XVII. 185th Battalion                                            122
-
-   XVIII. 193rd Battalion                                            130
-
-     XIX. 219th Battalion                                            133
-
-      XX. 246th Battalion                                            146
-
-     XXI. 2nd Construction Battalion                                 148
-
-    XXII. Forestry Corps                                             154
-
-   XXIII. No. 6 District Depot                                       157
-
-    XXIV. Canadian Army Service Corps                                161
-
-     XXV. Canadian Ordnance Corps                                    173
-
-    XXVI. Canadian Army Medical Corps                                177
-
-   XXVII. Canadian Army Dental Corps                                 226
-
-  XXVIII. Canadian Army Pay Corps                                    231
-
-    XXIX. Royal Canadian Garrison Artillery                          236
-
-     XXX. Canadian Engineers                                         242
-
-    XXXI. Militia Units on Home Service                              243
-
-   XXXII. 1st Regiment Canadian Garrison Artillery                   245
-
-  XXXIII. 11th Brigade, C.F.A., and Composite Artillery Company      250
-
-   XXXIV. 63rd Regiment                                              253
-
-    XXXV. 66th Regiment                                              259
-
-   XXXVI. 94th Regiment                                              263
-
-  XXXVII. Composite Battalion                                        268
-
- XXXVIII. Depot Battalion                                            272
-
-   XXXIX. “B” Unit, M.H.C.C.                                         275
-
-      XL. University of Acadia College                               280
-
-     XLI. University of Dalhousie College                            282
-
-    XLII. University of King’s College                               289
-
-   XLIII. University of St. Francis Xavier’s College                 294
-
-    XLIV. Presbyterian College, Pine Hill                            296
-
-     XLV. Recruiting in Nova Scotia                                  300
-
-    XLVI. Ocean Transport                                            305
-
-   XLVII. Munitions                                                  311
-
-  XLVIII. Demobilization                                             322
-
-    XLIX. Vocational Training                                        330
-
-       L. Patriotic Fund                                             345
-
-      LI. Victory Loan                                               347
-
-     LII. Red Cross Society; and Willing War Workers, Green Feather
-            Society and Catholic Ladies Society                      350
-
-    LIII. Knights of Columbus                                        370
-
-     LIV. Young Men’s Christian Association                          377
-
-      LV. Halifax Citizens’ Reception Committee                      381
-
-     LVI. Creche at Pier 2                                           386
-
-    LVII. St. Matthew’s Church                                       394
-
-
- SPECIAL SKETCHES, with Portraits                                    399
-
- “FELT DAWN”—A Literary Appreciation of a phrase in McCrae’s poem,
-   “In Flanders Fields”                                              436
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  SIR ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN,
-
-  Premier of Canada during the Great War.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  HON. G. H. MURRAY,
-
-  Premier of Nova Scotia during the Great War.]
-
-
-
-
-                  Nova Scotia’s Part in the Great War
-
-
-
-
-                               CHAPTER I
-                _HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DISTRICT No. 6._
-
-
-Upon the opening of the World War the following were the principal Staff
-Officers at Halifax, the headquarters of Military District No. 6:—
-
-Col. R. W. Rutherford, G.O.C.; Col. W. W. Humphrey, A.O.C.; Major R. J.
-Hayter, G.S.O.; Major A. H. W. Powell, D.A.A. & Q.M.G.; Major W.
-Gibsone, D.A.A. & Q.M.G. Fortress.
-
-Military District No. 6 then embraced the Maritime Provinces, but later
-in the war, when Compulsory Service came into force, New Brunswick was
-made into a separate District, No. 7.
-
-The aforementioned Staff bore the brunt of this sudden change from peace
-to war, and met and overcame the resultant many new problems with great
-credit to themselves.
-
-The sudden deluge of work included the calling out and recruiting up to
-strength of the Halifax City Regiments, viz.: 1st Regiment Canadian
-Artillery, 63rd Regiment Halifax Rifles, and 66th Regiment Princess
-Louise Fusiliers, as part of the War Garrison of Halifax; supplementing
-this Garrison later by a Regiment styled the Composite Regiment, called
-up by Companies from other Militia Regiments in Nova Scotia and from the
-82nd in P. E. Island; calling out the 94th Argyll Highlanders to guard
-the cable and wireless stations at North Sydney, Marconi, Louisburg, and
-Canso, and detachments of Artillery from the P.E.I. Heavy Brigade to
-protect the Harbors of North Sydney and Canso; the provision of guards
-for the wireless station at Newcastle, N.B., for the International
-Bridge at St. Leonard’s and Vanceboro, and the calling out of the 3rd
-Regiment Canadian Artillery and the 62nd Regiment Infantry for the
-defence of St. John, N.B.
-
-This meant that the immediate necessities of war called upon the
-Maritime Provinces to furnish, equip and train and keep supplied some
-3,000 officers and men, of whom almost 2,600 were supplied by the
-Province of Nova Scotia; and of these more than 1,500 men from the City
-of Halifax.
-
-This accounts for the fact that in the mobilization of troops for the
-first contingent at Valcartier there were not so many men reported there
-for duty from the City of Halifax or from rural Cape Breton as might
-have been expected. The officers and men, though keen to enter this
-larger sphere, were compelled to do this guard and garrison work, and
-were only relieved and permitted to join Overseas Battalions as new men
-could be found willing to take their places.
-
-In addition to equipping this force the further pressing duty upon the
-H. Q. Staff was the working out of a system of recruiting to take care
-of the thousands of young men anxious to get into the Overseas
-Battalions as they were authorized, and to train these men and officers.
-
-The first change in H.Q. Staff came in December, 1914, when Major W. E.
-Thompson was called in from his Regiment, the 63rd Halifax Rifles, then
-doing duty on McNab’s Island, to take over the work of Inspector of
-Outposts and Detachments throughout the District, with the rank of
-Lieut.-Colonel.
-
-This officer succeeded, upon the retirement of Colonel Humphrey in
-March, 1915, to the appointment of Assistant Adjutant-General and
-Officer in charge of Administration. He remained at H.Q. throughout the
-war and until October 1, 1919, having succeeded to the command of the
-District in December, 1918, upon the retirement of Major-General
-Lessard. He was promoted full Colonel in May, 1916, and during the
-summer of that year he acted as Commandant at Aldershot Camp in addition
-to doing his work as A.A.G.
-
-Every officer at H.Q. was continually on the watch for an opportunity of
-proceeding overseas. The chance came first to Major Hayter, who was
-offered the position of Brigade Major at Valcartier and was permitted to
-accept in September, 1914. A careful, most painstaking officer, always
-at work, always thinking about his work, he left his impress; and at
-Valcartier, in England, and in France the same qualities marked his
-value. His great modesty may have somewhat retarded his promotion,
-though he won the rank of Brigadier-General before the war closed.
-
-For some time the work of G.S.O. was rather perfunctorily performed by
-officers awaiting their chance to go overseas and was not again severely
-faced till it was taken on by Major A. N. Jones on his being invalided
-home from France after service with the 25th Battalion. He carried on
-till his health broke down in January, 1917, when Major Soulis acted
-temporarily till the arrival of Col. W. R. Lang, who arrived in this
-station with General Lessard, remaining till May, 1918, when he was
-succeeded by Major W. G. Haggarty.
-
-There was a bit of a struggle between Major Gibsone and Colonel Thompson
-for the command of the 40th Battalion, the second Overseas Battalion to
-be raised in this District, but the prize fell to the former, and his
-place was taken by Major R. B. Willis, who filled the duties of D.A.A.
-and Q.M.G. Fortress for the balance of the war with great credit.
-
-Early in 1915 Major Powell was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-His special work was responsibility for recruiting and the organizing,
-officering and equipping of Units for Overseas Service. He brought great
-energy and ability to this work, and when New Brunswick was converted
-into a separate District he was detailed to that District as A.A.G.,
-February, 1916.
-
-Lieut.-Colonel Powell was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel B. R. Armstrong,
-of St. John, N.B., who came out with his Regiment, the 3rd C.A., at St.
-John upon the outbreak of the war, and who in addition to this command
-was the representative of the Officer Commanding the District in New
-Brunswick, and had a special supervision over recruiting in that
-Province. He carried on the duties of D.A.A. and Q.M.G. for District No.
-6 till demobilized in September, 1919.
-
-His work was of a very high order, his grasp of details was unusual, and
-his knowledge of shipping and business affairs was of great assistance,
-particularly in connection with the very important work of transporting,
-embarking and disembarking troops.
-
-This latter work assumed such dimensions that it was found necessary to
-provide him with an assistant. Major W. D. Tait served in this capacity
-for a time till he assumed command of McGill Heavy Battery for service
-Overseas, when, in June, 1916, he was succeeded by Major P. O. Soulis,
-who came out on the outbreak of war with his Regiment, the 1st C.A.
-
-Major Soulis was given the special department of Statistics and
-Documents, and the supervision of all embarkations and disembarkations.
-The combination of these two officers made this most important work
-proceed so smoothly that hundreds of thousands of men went through this
-port with the bulk of the citizens not realizing that anything unusual
-was going on.
-
-It should be mentioned, however, in this connection, that the work of
-H.Q. could not have met with the success it did, were it not for the
-very efficient executive work of Major A. P. Lomas, the executive head
-of the Department of Transport and Supplies during the rush-time of this
-most important work. Nor could the work of H.Q. have met with success in
-this matter had it not been for the energy and co-operation which the
-Clearing Services Command, represented here first by Lieut.-Colonel H.
-F. Adams and later by Lieut.-Colonel Cram, brought to its work of
-passing troops going and coming through its depot at Pier 2.
-
-When after Compulsory Service came into operation the necessity became
-evident for an officer to be detailed to give exclusive attention to the
-compilation and care of soldiers’ documents, the choice most naturally
-fell upon Major Soulis. He made a close study of the work, and his
-system met with so much approval that many of his ideas were adopted by
-Militia Headquarters and were put into general operation. Major Soulis
-continued to hold the appointment of District Record Officer till
-demobilized in July, 1919.
-
-Both Colonel Armstrong and Major Soulis were South African Veterans, the
-former having lost a foot in action there, and the latter having been
-mentioned in despatches.
-
-In December, 1914, Colonel Rutherford was promoted to the rank of
-Brigadier-General, and in October, 1915, was given his step to
-Major-General. He was an officer of much more than ordinary attainments,
-and filled well the office of General Officer Commanding, always
-carrying the confidence and respect of his Staff. A noticeable increase
-in defective hearing shown during a conference of General Officers at
-Ottawa led Militia H.Q. to bring about his retirement, and in November,
-1915, he was succeeded by Major-General Thomas Benson.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  HEADQUARTERS STAFF, M.D. 6.]
-
-General Benson brought a long training in military affairs, a broad
-outlook, an attractive personality, and good judgment to cope with the
-many questions arising in the District. He gave up his command in
-February, 1918, to the regret of his Staff and of citizens who had been
-wont to do business at Military Headquarters. He was given leave till
-July 1st of that year, and his valuable services were recognized by
-investment with the order of C.M.G.
-
-General Benson’s successor was Major-General T. L. Lessard, who retained
-command till December 28, 1918, when he was succeeded by Colonel W. E.
-Thompson.
-
-The work done by the Garrison at Halifax during the war was most
-arduous, exacting and valuable. From August 7, 1914, when Canada entered
-the war till final demobilization, the work was kept up continuously,
-and upon the strictest laws of military discipline.
-
-Only such officers whose places could be filled by volunteers were
-permitted to proceed Overseas, and no man was relieved for this broader
-field of action unless there was a man ready to take his place. This
-being so, it was the exception for an officer once on the Staff or for
-any well-trained officer of the Units out, particularly of the
-Artillery, or for good non-commissioned officers and specialists to get
-a chance for Overseas. They all knew that should the war terminate
-without their getting over they would for the rest of their lives be
-compelled to explain that they were not permitted to go and felt keenly
-how flat such an explanation would fall. They had, however, the
-consolation that they were doing a necessary and valuable work and were
-buoyed up with the hope their chance would yet come; and if not, the
-State would at least recognize their voluntary services as at least
-equal to the services of those, many of whom were draftees, who had not
-proceeded further than England or St. Lucia. Up to the time of writing,
-however, no such recognition has been forthcoming.
-
-The above sets out in most skeletonized form the ordinary duties of H.Q.
-consequent on the Country being at war, and the Port of Halifax being
-the only port of embarkation and disembarkation for Canadian troops and
-supplies of war during the most strenuous months of the year.
-
-In addition were the extra responsibilities of caring for troops
-awaiting embarkation. These troops were not only Canadians but also
-troops from United States, Australia, New Zealand and some 50,000
-laborers from China.
-
-When a contingent passed through the port, either coming in or going
-out, from illness or other causes some were left behind, and these had
-to be cared for, often taxing the facilities of the barracks and
-hospitals to their utmost. In the summer of 1918 when we encamped at
-Aldershot, some 5,000 United States troops and a whole shipload was
-suddenly disembarked at Sydney suffering from the “flu.”
-
-The temporary derelicts from Canadian troops passing through the City of
-Halifax were taken care of by being attached to the Composite Battalion,
-under Lieut.-Col. H. L. Chipman. When ready for Overseas these were
-attached to another unit going through. The records show the number of
-such exceeded 10,000 men. Lieut.-Colonel Chipman deserves special
-mention for his splendid administration of the Composite Battalion and
-for his wise handling of many difficult problems not to be met in an
-ordinary Garrison Battalion.
-
-Again, the awful catastrophe which befell the City of Halifax on
-December 6, 1917, when a ship loaded with high explosives exploded in
-the harbor, spreading death and devastation broadcast, placed a great
-burden upon the Garrison and proved its great value in a sudden
-emergency. Every officer and man of every Military Unit and Department,
-with all the military facilities of the Garrison were rushed into the
-work of removing the dead and wounded, fighting fires, preparing
-shelters, transporting and feeding the destitute, doing police duty and
-the hundred and one things that came to the hands of a willing,
-well-trained body of troops.
-
-The Ordnance, under Lieut.-Col. Arthur Panet, opened wide its doors, and
-one of the first orders issued from H.Q. was for every available man of
-the 63rd from McNab’s and the 66th from York and also every artilleryman
-of the 1st C.A. from the forts to be rushed to the city and, proceeding
-to the devastated area by way of the Ordnance Yard, for each to carry
-with him a blanket for the wounded and destitute. This order was fully
-carried out, Col. Panet, though himself wounded, travelling continuously
-to and from the area of most suffering to see that as many as possible
-were cared for.
-
-Major H. P. Lomas, then at the head of the Department of Supplies and
-Transport, met the necessities of the sufferers with the same breadth of
-judgment, bigness of heart and broad interpretation of regulations which
-marked his most successful administration throughout the war of this the
-essentially business department of the Service.
-
-Elsewhere in this publication will be found articles dealing with
-specific work done in this District during the war, so that in this
-article it is only attempted to give a general idea of who sat at
-Headquarters during these strenuous times and a general idea of the work
-they were called upon to originate and supervise; and it must be borne
-in mind as the detail of this specific work is studied and admired or
-condemned, the responsibility and the direction was always with that
-often maligned, seldom praised or congratulated, but nevertheless
-patient, long-suffering, faithful, headquarters.
-
-This article cannot properly close, however, without mention of the
-other heads of Departments in addition to those specially mentioned
-above because of their close association with the matters dealt with,
-who so heartily and with such great self-sacrifice performed their
-various duties, each in their turn:
-
-Lieut.-Col. J. A. Grant, Lieut.-Col. McKelvie Bell, and Col. H. S.
-Jaques as Assistant Directors of Medical Service.
-
-Lieut.-Colonel Houliston, Lieut.-Colonel Benoit, Lieut.-Colonel Van
-Tuyl, and Major Pringle, Commanding the Royal Canadian Engineers.
-
-Lieut.-Colonel Dean, Assistant Director of Transport and Supplies.
-
-Col. S. J. R. Sircom (Brig.-General upon Retirement), Assistant Director
-of Pay Services.
-
-Col. J. F. Macdonald, Senior Ordnance Officer.
-
-Major J. A. Proudfoot, District Signalling Officer.
-
-Lieut.-Col. H. F. Adams and Lieut.-Colonel Cram, Clearing Services
-Command.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER II.
-                   _THE 6th CANADIAN MOUNTED RIFLES._
-
-
-The 6th Canadian Mounted Rifles was recruited from the different
-Maritime Provinces Militia Cavalry Regiments—“A” Squadron from the 8th
-P.L.F. (headquarters Sackville, N.B.), and 36th P.E.I. Light Horse
-(headquarters Charlottetown, P.E.I.); “B” Squadron from the 28th N.B.
-Dragoon Guards (headquarters St. John, N.B.), and “C” Squadron from the
-14th King’s Canadian Hussars (headquarters Canning, Nova Scotia).
-
-The establishment of officers and warrant officers consisted of the
-following:
-
-O.C., Lieut.-Col. R. H. Ryan, South African, Russian-Japanese,
-American-Mexican Wars; 2nd I.C., Lieut.-Col. A. E. Ings, Militia Long
-Service Medal; Capt. and Adj., Capt. B. W. Roscoe (later Capt. J. W.
-Long); Q.M., Major R. A. March; O.M., Major Colin Macintosh; Chaplain,
-Capt. G. A. Kuhring; M.O., Capt. F. A. R. Gow; Sig. Off., Capt. H. R.
-Emmerson; Asst. Adj., Lieut. E. M. Arnold; Vet. Off., Lieut. J. S. Roy;
-R.S.M., L. W. Long.
-
-_“A” Squadron_—O.C., Major A. J. Markham; 2nd I.C., Capt. B. W. Roscoe;
-Lieut. A. T. Ganong, Lieut. G. N. D. Otty, Lieut. G. R. Barnes, Lieut.
-W. D. Atkinson, Sqd. Sgt.-Major N. Dawes.
-
-_“B” Squadron_—Major C. H. McLean; 2nd I.C., Capt. M. A. Scovil; Lieut.
-E. J. Mooney, Lieut. E. A. Thomas, Lieut. H. S. Everitt, Lieut. Geo.
-Morrisey, Sqd. Sgt.-Major J. M. Lamb.
-
-_“C” Squadron_—Major T. A. Lydiard; 2nd I.C., Capt. J. C. Gray; Lieut.
-H. H. Pineo, Lieut. J. P. Knowlton, Lieut. W. J. Brown, Lieut. H. L.
-Bowness, Lieut. B. M. Beckwith, Sqd. Sgt.-Major George Gill.
-
-Colonel Ryan and many of the officers and other ranks had volunteered at
-the outbreak of the war but owing to the expected necessity for the
-employment of mounted troops in the Maritime Provinces (the 14th K.C.H.
-having actually received orders for mobilization) their services were
-not accepted. It was also intimated to Colonel Ryan, who was at
-Valcartier, when the First Division was mobilized, that in the event of
-the Maritime Province Cavalry not being mobilized as Militia Units for
-home service he would be permitted to raise a Cavalry Regiment from
-these Units and would be given command thereof, owing to his previous
-service and experience in the field.
-
-Accordingly Colonel Ryan returned to Nova Scotia and in December, 1915,
-received orders to recruit the Regiment.
-
-
-                            AT AMHERST, N.S.
-
-The Regiment was mobilized at Amherst, N.S., mobilization dating from
-March 17, 1915.
-
-The period during which the Regiment was quartered at Amherst was spent
-in perfecting the organization, taking on recruits and training the
-latter, owing to restrictions being largely confined to setting-up
-exercises, arm drill and route marching with inspections by various
-Generals.
-
-While at Amherst a draft of two hundred volunteers was sent as
-reinforcements to the Infantry Regiments in England to make up for the
-losses sustained by the Canadians in the Second Battle of Ypres. These
-were replaced by new recruits.
-
-
-                          AT VALCARTIER CAMP.
-
-In May, 1915, the Regiment was moved to Valcartier, being brigaded with
-the 4th and 5th C.M.R.’s, under command of Colonel (later
-Brigadier-General) C. A. Smart.
-
-Training at Valcartier was intensive and performed on foot, as horses
-had not been received, the Cavalry formation being however retained.
-Here the Unit received instruction in musketry and rather prided
-themselves in their ability in this line.
-
-While at Valcartier and also when at Amherst they were asked if they
-would volunteer to serve as dismounted troops, and the answer was always
-that “we will serve in any way we are needed.”
-
-
-                              IN ENGLAND.
-
-The 6th C.M.R. left Valcartier early in July for England, embarking at
-Quebec on the slow South American cold storage boat _Herschel_.
-Naturally the accommodations were not of the best, as there were six
-hundred men and four hundred horses on a boat without practically any
-passenger accommodation. Their eleven days’ voyage ended at Devonport,
-where they got a great reception. At Exeter they were met at the station
-by the good ladies of that town and given bags of food and fruit, and
-had their water bottles filled with hot coffee and tea. Many times since
-has this been spoken of in grateful words by the men, who were hungry
-and cold from the long train journey. On arrival at Camp in Dibgate they
-found themselves once more camping in the sand. As active service in
-Egypt had been spoken of, the Unit thought the authorities must be
-trying to accustom it to its future surroundings.
-
-While at Dibgate the Unit received a draft of officers and men from the
-8th C.M.R., under command of Lieut. T. D. Johnstone (later Capt. in
-Command of “B” Co., 5th C.M.R., wounded): second in command, Lieut. H.
-N. Bate (transferred to R.C.D.’s, when Regiment was broken up). Many of
-the men who had been sick, owing to the strenuous training, had been
-transferred to hospital, and when convalescent were sent to the Cavalry
-Reserve Depot. These had been replaced by the draft of men from the 8th.
-
-
-                    IN FRANCE—PLOEGSTEERTE—MESSINES.
-
-The Regiment proceeded to France on October 24, 1915, the Brigade being
-attached to General Seely’s Cavalry Division, operating as Corps Troops
-in the areas of Ploegsteerte and Messines.
-
-The following officers and warrant officers went to France with the
-Regiment and saw service at Ploegsteerte and Messines during the fall
-and early winter months of 1915.
-
-O.C., Lieut.-Colonel Shaw (later O.C. 1st C.M.R., killed in action June
-2, 1916).
-
-2nd I.C., Lieut.-Colonel Ings: Adjt., Capt. J. W. Long: Q.M., Major R.
-A. March (later to 4th C.M.R. Battalion); P.M., Major C. McIntosh (later
-to Can. Artillery); M.O., Capt. F. A. R. Gow (later to Can. Artillery);
-Sig. Officer, Capt. H. R. Emmerson (later Major 219th Infantry
-Battalion); Vet. Officer, Lieut. J. A. Roy (later to Fort Garry Horse).
-
-_“A” Squadron_-Major A. J. Markham (later to Fort Garry Horse), Capt. B.
-W. Roscoe, Lieuts. A. T. Ganong, G. N. D. Otty, G. R. Barnes, T. D.
-Johnstone; Sqd. Sgt.-Major N. Dawes.
-
-_“B” Squadron_—Major C. H. McLean, Capt. M. A. Scovil, Lieuts. E. J.
-Mooney, E. A. Thomas, H. S. Everett, George Morrisey; Sqd. Sgt.-Major J.
-M. Lamb (all later to 4th C.M.R. Regt.).
-
-_“C” Squadron_—Major T. A. Lydiard (later to R.C. Dragoons), Capt. J. C.
-Gray, Lieuts. H. H. Pineo, J. P. Knowlton, B. M. Beckwith, H. N. Bate;
-Sqd. Sgt.-Major Geo. Gill, D.C.M., later R.S.M. 5th C.M.R.
-
-Lieut.-Colonel Ryan transferred to the Artillery, in which he served
-with distinction to the end of the war being decorated for conspicuous
-gallantry in the field.
-
-
-                        REORGANIZED AS INFANTRY.
-
-The Division was withdrawn from the trenches in December, 1915, and
-orders were subsequently received that the 1st and 2nd C.M.R. Brigade
-should be reorganized into the 8th Canadian Infantry Brigade, consisting
-of 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th Battalions of Mounted Rifles. The junior
-Regiments in each Brigade, namely the 3rd and 6th C.M.R., were split up
-between the two senior Regiments, thus forming four Infantry Regiments.
-
-The ostensible reason for this was the necessity of relieving infantry
-in trenches and the unsuitability of the cavalry formation for that
-purpose. The change in formation necessitated the transfer to England of
-officers of senior rank.
-
-The command of the reorganized Brigade was assumed by Brig.-Gen. V. A.
-S. Williams on January 1, 1916, and training in infantry drill and
-tactics was gone at in dead earnest by all ranks.
-
-This training continued both in the line and out and the Brigade
-occupied the Ploegsteerte area until March, 1916, when it was moved to
-the Ypres Sector as part of the newly-formed 3rd Division, commanded by
-General Mercer, and took over the Hooge-Hill 60 Sector.
-
-The disposal of the various Squadrons of the 6th C.M.R. was as follows:
-
-“A” and “C” Squadrons were formed into “D” Company of the 5th C.M.R.
-Battalion, the company officers and warrant officers being:
-
-Captain B. W. Roscoe (later Major, D.S.O., 2nd I.C. 5th C.M.R.
-Battalion, wounded June 3, 1916, at Sanctuary Wood); 2nd I.C., Captain
-H. H. Pineo (later killed in action at Mt. Sorrell, Ypres Sector, July,
-1916); Lieuts. A. T. Ganong, G. N. D. Otty, G. R. Barnes; Lieut. J. P.
-Knowlton (later to record office at Rouen, and received promotion there
-to Captain); C.S.M. George Gill (later R.S.M. 5th C.M.R. Battalion); “B”
-Squadron was formed into “D” Company of the 4th C.M.R. Battalion, the
-company officers and warrant officers being: Major C. H. McLean (later
-2nd I.C. 4th C.M.R. Battalion); Capt. M. A. Scovil; Lieut. George
-Morrisey.
-
-
-                            SANCTUARY WOOD.
-
-The first serious engagement in which the Brigade was concerned was the
-Battle of Sanctuary Wood, which began June 2, 1916.
-
-The disposition of the Brigade was: 1st and 4th C.M.R., front line and
-close support; 5th C.M.R., Battalion H.Q. and three Companies in support
-at Maple Copse; one Company in reserve at Zillebeke Bund; 2nd C.M.R. in
-Brigade reserve near Poperinghe.
-
-The morning of June 2nd was clear with good visibility. About 8 a.m. the
-Hun started a heavy bombardment, which grew in intensity, and
-information was received that an attack was in progress on the sector
-held by the 7th and 8th Brigades. The bombardment continued unabatingly,
-and about twelve o’clock mines were seen to be blown. The whole of the
-area held by the two Brigades was being systematically and furiously
-shelled, and communication with the forward area was impossible.
-
-About 2 p.m. Captain Roscoe received orders to reinforce with his
-Company, the remainder of the Battalion at Maple Copse. There was no
-route specified, the officer conveying the order remarking that he hoped
-they would get through.
-
-The only other officer with the Company at this time was Lieut. G. N. D.
-Otty, but it developed that the N.C.O.’s had the requisite requirements
-of leadership and judgment. The Company, led by Captain Roscoe, advanced
-to the support of the remainder of the Battalion, and in full view of
-the enemy, through an extremely heavy barrage of fire, reached Maple
-Copse with few casualties, reporting to Lieut.-Colonel G. H. Baker, then
-commanding the Battalion.
-
-Orders were then received to connect up with the 7th Brigade on the
-left, to dig in and hold the Copse to the last. Then it was that the
-N.C.O.’s showed those qualities of leadership and judgment, which later
-were to be recognized in a substantial manner.
-
-C.S.M. George Gill, with twenty men was ordered to occupy and hold a
-strong point whose garrison had been killed. This he did with great
-bravery, showing much skill in defending the position. Sgts. George
-Chase, H. McGarry and T. W. Martin led detachments through the Copse and
-dug in on the edge next the enemy. Lieutenant Otty was absolutely
-fearless in assisting in the disposition of the Company, refusing to
-avail himself of anything that looked like shelter. He remarked to the
-Company Commander that if he was to be killed that would happen and that
-his men were his first consideration. Unfortunately he was hit and
-killed within a short time after arrival at the Copse.
-
-The enemy made several ineffectual attempts to break through the line,
-and at each repulse his artillery fire became more severe. There was
-absolutely no shelter from his fire, and the Copse was like an inferno.
-The Company held the position, and were reinforced the next morning by
-the 2nd C.M.R.’s. After this things quieted down and the remnants of the
-Company marched out that night.
-
-At the roll-call on relief only one officer (Lieutenant Barnes) and
-twenty men answered their names, the remainder of the Company which went
-into action 130 strong, having been either killed or wounded.
-
-Captain Roscoe had been wounded on the morning of June 3rd, after the
-2nd C.M.R.’s had arrived, and the command of the Company was taken over
-by Lieutenant Barnes, who was the Battalion Bombing Officer, and with
-his bombers had been active in the defence of the position. Lieutenant
-Barnes made several very daring patrols, practically between the posts
-of the enemy, who had attempted to push down hill in the long grass. It
-was through his efforts that the Unit was able to concentrate its rifle
-fire on the dangerous places and dislodge several machine guns.
-Lieutenant Barnes afterward got the M.C. for his work on this occasion.
-
-The Battalion, reduced to some 300 all ranks, moved into rest billets,
-and the losses were filled by a large draft of officers and other ranks
-from England.
-
-In the reorganization of the Battalion Major D. C. Draper (later
-Brigadier-General Commanding the Brigade) became O.C. (Lieut.-Colonel
-Baker having been killed in the engagement); Captain Roscoe was promoted
-to be second in command, awarded the D.S.O. for his work on the occasion
-and mentioned in despatches. The command of “D” Company was taken over
-by Lieut. H. H. Pineo (later promoted Captain), with Lieutenant Barnes,
-2nd I.C.
-
-Sergt. Harold McGarry was promoted to C.S.M. in place of George Gill,
-who was awarded the D.C.M. and promoted to be Regtl. Sgt.-Major for his
-meritorious services and bravery evinced during the battle. Sergt. Geo.
-Chase, who was severely wounded, was awarded the Military Medal and
-slated for a commission.
-
-The 4th C.M.R. Battalion also lost heavily in the battle, and “D”
-Company of that unit thereafter practically lost its identify as a
-Maritime Province Company, owing to the casualties suffered.
-
-The command of the Brigade was taken over by Brig.-General J. H.
-Elmsley, D.S.O. (afterward Major-General), replacing General Williams,
-taken prisoner in the battle, while the command of the Division devolved
-upon Major-General Lipsett, D.S.O. (later killed in action), the
-Divisional Commander, General Mercer having been killed during the
-action.
-
-The Brigade, and incidentally the Company, under the new command had
-another very strenuous period of training, and after an initiation trip
-for the new men the whole Company moved up again to take their place in
-the line. While in training they had the benefit of the advice of a
-C.S.M. from the Welsh Guards, which was a great help, especially to the
-N.C.O.’s. This training showed later on the Somme.
-
-
-                      THE BLUFF—MOUNT SORELL LINE.
-
-On the first trip in after the June fight, the Unit took over the line
-on Mount Sorell. The first night in, the Hun started his regular trench
-mortar strafe. One of the first of these landed on the signallers’
-dugout, next company headquarters, and buried the men on duty there.
-Captain Pineo and Lieutenant Barnes, together with some of the men,
-started in to dig them out. At that time they could still hear the men
-groaning. Almost immediately afterward the Hun threw over another trench
-mortar. The men saw it coming by the trail of sparks, and all scattered
-up and down the trench. Captain Pineo was struck and instantly killed.
-The work of rescuing the men who had been buried need not have been
-performed by him. It was his anxiety for his men that cost him his life.
-Lieutenant Barnes at once took over the command of the Company. Word was
-here received that the Hun had dug some mines under the trench occupied
-by the Company, and to be on the lookout. During the night a party who
-were digging out in front uncovered a mine sap and on pulling up some
-planks from the roof saw a man with a lighted candle passing under the
-lines. Explosives were immediately obtained and the sap blown. This
-evidently put the “wind up” the Hun for he blew the remaining mines,
-some of which were hardly clear of his wire.
-
-
-                             AT THE SOMME.
-
-Shortly after this the Unit left for the Somme, arriving in Albert on
-September 1st, after a long, hard march, and severe training. They moved
-up in support and were selected as one of the two Companies to be first
-over the top. In this engagement, owing to previous officer casualties,
-the sergeants had to lead Platoons. The attack on September 15th between
-Moquet Farm and Courcellette was the first occasion in which the Tanks
-were used. The Unit had wonderful success on this day, losing very few
-men in the attack. Afterward, out of one hundred and twenty, forty were
-killed and sixty wounded, holding the trench. Lieutenant Barnes was
-awarded the bar to the M.C. and his majority for his work on this
-occasion. No one could speak too highly of the way in which he led his
-men, and it was largely due to his dash that the attack was so
-successful. Mention should be made here of Sergeant Lowther, who was
-left behind with a party of ten men to garrison the trench until
-relieved by incoming troops. He lost a leg and several of the men were
-killed and wounded before the relief was accomplished. Sergeant Lowther
-was awarded the M.M. Sergt.-Major McGarry, who had been recommended for
-a commission, was killed in this action.
-
-The Unit’s next attack was on October 2nd when “D” Company was in
-support. The objective was Regina Trench, strongly held by two divisions
-of German Marines, who had just been brought from Ostend to try and stop
-the Canadians. This was one of the stiffest hand-to-hand fights the
-Company ever had, and naturally the casualties were very heavy. Several
-times the Company managed to bomb several hundred yards of trench clear,
-but each time the Hun would come back with reinforcements. At daybreak,
-with bombs and ammunition completely exhausted, the few survivors were
-forced to withdraw to the jumping-off trench. Every officer engaged was
-either killed or wounded. Sergt.-Major Holmes, who led the Company on
-this occasion, after the officers were knocked out, was awarded the M.M.
-Captain Beckwith, who had been detailed as O.C. of the 8th L.T.M.
-Battery, and had joined the Company for this occasion was wounded in the
-face. His leadership and energy were of great assistance, and it was
-largely due to him and his battery who were carrying ammunition that the
-Company was able to hold on as long as it did.
-
-The remainder of the time at the Somme was spent in relieving and
-holding front-line positions. The Battalion was complimented by the Army
-Commander for its fine work while at the Somme, a personal visit being
-paid by him to Battalion Headquarters for that purpose.
-
-In addition to the decorations mentioned as being won here, many of the
-officers of the Battalion were cited for bravery and gallantry in the
-field. Sergeant T. W. Martin was awarded the M.M. and slated for a
-commission for a daring reconnaissance of the enemy line under artillery
-fire.
-
-
-                           ON THE VIMY FRONT.
-
-The Unit’s next move was to the Vimy front, where it was soon apparent
-that preparations were being made for a terrific onslaught on the Hun.
-Some time was spent here in assisting in the work of preparation, after
-which the Unit was withdrawn with the rest of the Brigade for a period
-of intensive training in attack over a taped layout of the enemy
-trenches. The Unit was then moved up to its part of the line, being in
-close support to the 4th C.M.R. Battalion.
-
-The Battle of Vimy Ridge will live in history as the great achievement
-of the war, owing to the position being considered impregnable and the
-fact that it was captured with inconsequential losses, mainly due to a
-well considered plan of attack, absolute co-operation between all
-branches of the service and thoroughness of preparation.
-
-The Company carried on with the usual steadiness during the engagement
-and rendered valuable assistance, its losses being negligible.
-
-
-                          ON THE DOUAI PLAIN.
-
-For some time after the capture of Vimy Ridge it was found impossible to
-bring up the artillery within range, as the Hun had retired to a line on
-the outskirts of Lens and Douai. The Company, with the rest of the
-Battalion, pushed over the Ridge and were in position as a sacrifice
-Battalion to fight to the last man, in the event of a counter attack
-being launched to retake the Ridge. Trenches were constructed, deepened
-and strengthened, but the expected did not happen, and finally the guns
-were able to get up within range, from which time ordinary trench
-routine was resumed.
-
-During a tour in the trenches on this front a raid was attempted by the
-Hun on the Company front. It was unsuccessful, the enemy being repulsed
-with heavy loss.
-
-Lieutenant Holmes was awarded the M.C. for his work on this occasion,
-displaying great coolness and gallantry in holding off single-handed,
-until reinforced, a party of Huns.
-
-The Battalion at this time was under the command of Major Roscoe,
-D.S.O., who the day following the attempted raid received a message from
-the Divisional Commander complimenting the Battalion on their steadiness
-during the attack. A few days after the Brigade was withdrawn from this
-sector.
-
-The Company, which up until now had been practically all Maritime
-Province men, under the new reinforcement scheme drew their men from
-Quebec, and for a while the Company was made up almost entirely of
-French-Canadians. After Passchendaele, during which the Company gave its
-usual assistance to the Battalion, the wounded men began to come back as
-well as some of the N.C.O.’s who had been granted commissions, and once
-again it became a Maritime Province Company. It was at Passchendaele
-that Capt. L. C. Eaton was killed, just before going over the top.
-
-In the winter of 1917 the Unit moved back to their old front at Vimy. In
-March, 1918, the Battalion put on a raid of 250 men. Lieutenants Gillis
-and Young of the old “D” Company took part in this, and were both
-awarded the M.C. for their work. Gillis in particular had done some very
-fine work during the second attack on the Somme. He had come back from
-hospital with an unhealed wound in his arm, and although it was too late
-for him to secure a rifle and the necessary equipment, he took a
-pick-axe handle and joined his Company in going over the top. He brought
-back the prisoners, sixty in all, taken on that occasion.
-
-After a pleasant spring spent in reinforcing different parts of the
-line, in August the Unit once again took the road south for Amiens. The
-work done by the Company during this attack was spectacular. One of
-their accomplishments was the capture of a 5.9 Battery in action at
-point-blank range. One of the old 6th men was awarded the D.C.M. for his
-work on this occasion and Lieutenant Barnstead was awarded the Croix de
-Guerre for his leadership.
-
-Lieutenant Smith was very seriously wounded during the next scrap in
-front of Arras, called the Second Battle of Arras. He had been a
-stretcher-bearer-Sergeant with the old Company and was awarded a
-commission in the spring of 1917. He was given the M. C. for his work at
-Arras in the taking of Monchy. He afterwards died of wounds in London.
-His work all the time he had been with the Battalion had been
-exceptional and the award of his M.C. was very popular.
-
-The next fight was for Cambrai, which as far as this Company was
-concerned consisted of a hunt for Huns through the ruins, collecting
-souvenirs by the way. The Company had a brush with the Bosche on the
-other side of the town, but they were merely scouts left behind and
-pulled out as soon as fired upon. The Company was sitting down having
-dinner when the English troops came through. As there had been no
-barrage they did not know that the town had been taken. From here the
-Company went to Valenciennes and then on to Mons. Lieutenant Gillis was
-wounded at Valenciennes and invalided to England.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. L. C. EATON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. H. H. PINEO.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. G. N. D. OTTY.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. GEO. MORRISEY.]
-
-The following other ranks of the 6th C.M.R. Regiment, who went to “D”
-Company of the 5th. obtained commissions with the Battalion for
-gallantry and devotion to duty on the field: J. W. Lewis, M.C. (later
-Capt. 8th Bgd. Light Trench Mortars); L. C. Eaton (later Capt. O. C. “D”
-Company, killed at Passchendaele); A. C. Wiswell, wounded June 2, 1916
-(later Div. Bombing Officer, Bramshott); W. O. Barnstead, Croix de
-Guerre; C. G. Dunham, M.C., wounded June 2, 1916; H. A. Smith, M.C.,
-died of wounds received at Monchy, Aug. 28, 1918; L. J. Young, M.C.,
-wounded June 2, 1916, and at Monchy, Aug. 28, 1918; A. E. Gillis, M.C.,
-wounded three times; A. H. Weldon, wounded June 2. 1916; T. W. Martin,
-M.M., wounded Aug. 9th at Vimy; W. J. Holmes, M.C., M.M., wounded at
-Lens, 1916; F. I. Andrews, M.M., wounded June 2, 1916, and November,
-1918; Gordon Campbell, wounded twice; C. W. McArthur, M.M., wounded
-twice; A. H. Whidden, wounded June, 1916; A. Desbrisay, wounded June,
-1916, died since returning home.
-
-Cadets undergoing training when Armistice was signed: Duncan Chisholm,
-Campbell McLellan, Wm. H. Graham, M.M., J. A. Cameron, D.C.M., Walter
-Anderson, D.C.M.
-
-The following were gazetted to other Regiments: A. Rogers, N. Rogers, D.
-B. Holman, Stuart Roy, B. Elliott, Geo. Morrison.
-
-“B” Squadron and Headquarters, 6th C.M.R.’s, went to the 4th C.M.R.
-Battalion and formed „ D „ Company of that Battalion under the command
-of Major C. H. McLean, D.S.O (later 2nd i/c 4th C.M.R.’s); Capt. M. A.
-Scovil, 2nd i/c (seriously wounded and taken prisoner June 2, 1916).
-Lieut. H. S. Everett, bombing officer 4th C.M.R., was wounded at
-Sanctuary Wood, May, 1916. Lieut. E. A. Thomas was killed in action at
-Sanctuary Wood. Lieut. Geo. Morrisey, Intelligence Officer of 4th
-C.M.R., was killed in action June 2nd, 1916, while attempting to save a
-comrade’s life.
-
-The following N.C.O.’s received commissions from the 4th for gallantry
-and devotion in the field: C. W. Hicks, wounded June 2, 1916 (afterwards
-bombing officer, 34th Reserve, Seaford). J. H. Craigie, gazetted to the
-Imperial Infantry; N. McKenzie, commission with the 85th N.S.
-Highlanders; J. O. Spinney, commission with the 52nd Battalion; H. B.
-Fenis, Lieutenant R.A.F.; J. J. Rowland, 4th C.M.R.; J. H. Harris, Depot
-Battalion, St John; W. C. Wetmore, 236th Battalion.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER III.
-                  _9th CANADIAN SIEGE BATTERY, C.E.F._
-
-
-The 9th Canadian Siege Battery was composed of officers and men
-belonging to the Royal Canadian Garrison Artillery. Most of the N.C.O/s
-and men came from Nos. 1 and 2 Companies, R.C.G.A., at Halifax, N.S. A
-small number came from No. 5 Company at Esquimalt, B.C. All the officers
-of the original Battery came from the strength of the R.C.G.A. at
-Halifax.
-
-For months the R.C.G.A. had been mobilized in the Forts for the defence
-of Halifax; and because the defence of these Forts was a prime
-necessity, and no other troops being available, it was impossible, in
-the view of Headquarters, to relieve the R.C.G.A. for service Overseas.
-
-The possibility of an attack from German ships at first kept up
-excitement, but as the War progressed this soon diminished and the men
-looked down from the Forts at transport after transport bearing troops
-Overseas. These were trying days for men keen themselves to go, and it
-was difficult to make them believe, as they were constantly told, that
-their duty was here. Volunteers for Overseas were asked for more than
-once but nothing happened.
-
-Eventually during the summer of 1916 a definite proposal, made by
-Lieut.-Col. S. A. Heward, then acting C.R.C.A. at the Citadel, to raise
-a Siege Battery from the R.C.G.A. was granted, on the understanding that
-men to replace those taken away should be found and trained. This was
-soon done, and the Battery sailed for England on Sept. 27, 1916.
-
-After a long delay in England the Battery was equipped with six-inch
-howitzers, and landed in France on March 22nd. The subsequent moves of
-the Battery after its arrival at the Front is best set forth by the
-following list of Battery positions:—Mont St. Eloy—Battle of Arras or
-Vimy Ridge; Hill 131 (Cabaret Rouge): Angres; Hill 70; Frizenberg
-Ridge—Battle of Passchendaele; Thelus; Calonne; Maroc; Petit Vimy; Les
-Tilluels; Souciiez; Lievin; Villers Cagnicourt—Battle of Canal du Nord;
-Barrelle Wood; Sauchy Lestree—Battle of Cambrai; Blecourt; Bantiguy;
-Marquette; Escaudain; Wavrechain-sous-Denain—Battle of Valenciennes;
-Herin; Valenciennes; St. Saulve; Onnaing; Mons.
-
-During the incessant fighting of all this period it is not known which
-will be considered as major operations, but the Battle of Arras or Vimy
-Ridge, Hill 70, Passchendaele, Canal du Nord, Cambrai and Valenciennes
-will be considered as such as far as the Canadian Corps is concerned,
-and in all of which the 9th C.S.B. did its part.
-
-After the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Group Commander showed his
-appreciation of the work of the Battery by a special letter of
-recognition for good work done. It had been a very strenuous time. The
-Battery arrived there only on April 5th. The position was in an open
-muddy field. There was not much time to get ready. Gun platforms were
-constructed and camouflage erected, ready to move the guns in at night.
-All material, as well as the ammunition, had to be carried a long
-distance. For three nights there was no sleep, but guns were registered
-on April 7th and the Battery took part in the bombardment on that and
-succeeding days.
-
-After Vimy the Battery moved forward to a position between Angres and
-Cité du Caumont. It had a long and memorable stay here during the
-protracted fighting round Lens. The position was a very forward one for
-a six-inch Battery, and the Hun machine guns at night seemed very near.
-Our infantry front line at first was rather uncertain just here and
-German snipers and posts used to occupy empty houses at night not very
-far from the Battery. It was a good position. The guns were just behind
-a hill which screened their flash and were well concealed from aeroplane
-observation. The men off duty had good deep Hun dugouts, some 600 yards
-in rear. But the place was shelled continually.
-
-The Battery had wonderful luck, shells day after day dropping all round
-the guns and B. C. Post. Funk pits were soon constructed near the guns
-for men to take cover when necessary. It was during one of these
-enforced cessations of fire that a little episode occurred. The No. 1,
-on looking out, saw an old gunner (Gunner Forde) calmly sitting on the
-trail of his gun and quietly using most abusive and lurid language
-against the enemy. On being asked by him why he did not obey the order
-to take cover, he said, “There is not a blankety blank Hun living who
-will make me take cover.” It then transpired that he had habitually
-stayed behind in this manner on such occasions.
-
-One of the chief dangers was from splinters. In trying to get our guns
-many of the Hun shells exploded on the top of the ridge in front of
-them, which sent showers of splinters for 800 yards, so that the daily
-relief going and coming from dugouts to guns had an anxious time. During
-the stay at Angres many other batteries came to the locality, but did
-not stay long, leaving for sunnier climes.
-
-It was during one of these visits that the first decoration was awarded
-to the 9th C.S.B., Gunner Makin getting the M.M. for pulling some
-gunners belonging to another battery out of the debris in which they had
-been buried by hostile shell fire. But many others deserved a decoration
-as well as he and were frequently recommended for it.
-
-In May the Battery had their most unlucky day, one chance shell killing
-seven and wounding six.
-
-It was in June that a Staff Officer informed the Battery that for the
-time it had been in France it had (_a_) fired more rounds than any other
-Battery, (_b_) had received more shelling than any other Battery, and
-(_c_) was the most advanced Battery on the front.
-
-In October the Battery left Lens area for the North with the Canadian
-Corps, which was to relieve the Australians in the operations against
-Passchendaele. It remained in the Ypres Salient till Dec. 13th. The
-Battery relieved three R.G.A. Batteries in turn, going further forward
-each time. By a merciful providence the ground was soft, and in
-consequence many enemy shells were “duds”; otherwise nothing could have
-prevented heavy casualties. Constant shelling and bombing; the enemy’s
-aeroplanes everywhere; ours not in sight.
-
-The Ypres Salient is the abomination of desolation—one big graveyard. A
-peculiarly depressing place, nothing can describe it; it has to be felt.
-A complimentary letter was published from 2nd Division describing the
-Heavy Artillery’s work in the taking of Passchendaele as the “perfection
-of Heavy Artillery barrage.”
-
-The Battery moved South again, and for the first time in eight months
-went into rest at Ham-en-Artois, arriving at that place on Dec. 15th. It
-seemed almost too good to be true. Jan. 11th found the Battery back in
-the line again at Petit Vimy. Then followed uneventful moves to Calonne
-(Feb. 3rd) and Maroc, where there were good cellars for the men.
-
-About this time there was a change in Brigade Commanders. On the new one
-asking the former one which was the best Battery in the Brigade, the 9th
-was given a reputation it might well be proud of.
-
-On Feb. 25th the Battery was back again at Petit Vimy position with one
-section in rear near Les Tilluels. Preparation for the expected Hun
-offensive was the order of the day. Successive defensive systems were
-prepared. Batteries were issued with Lewis Guns and were ordered to wire
-their positions. Many battery positions were prepared and camouflaged.
-It was hard work for the men who had heavy days and nights of firing to
-carry out at the same time. Again the Battery found itself the most
-advanced in the Brigade, and was always being called upon to fire on the
-most distant target in consequence. In case of a successful Hun attack
-the position would have been impossible to get out of with the steep
-Vimy Ridge immediately in rear and all the roads registered and under
-observation by day. It seemed that the role of the Battery, under such
-circumstances, was that of a sacrifice Battery. Gradually the infantry
-in front were drawn in until the line was held by little more than
-machine gun posts. The field guns took up positions behind and one woke
-up one night to the unusual sound of our own field artillery shells
-passing over our heads.
-
-The G.O.C. paid the Battery a visit after a worse than usual “strafe,”
-but he found the men with their “tails up.” He said they were doing good
-work and that was why they were being kept in that position. Three
-distinct times was the B. C. confidentially warned that the attack was
-expected on the morrow and three times nothing unusual happened.
-
-March 21st passed and the Huns’ great attack which was to last nine
-terrible days commenced. It was to the south of us, and not till the
-28th did it reach our neighborhood. But Arras remained firm, and there
-was no advance worth speaking about on our front. At 3 a.m. the enemy
-started shelling the Battery with gas. He attacked persistently with
-heavy gun fire till 12 noon and again in the afternoon. At night every
-half hour he put down bursts of harassing fire and concentrations, but
-the fire of the Battery was kept up in spite of it and gas. The next day
-the enemy continued his tactics; not a half hour but Battery, billets,
-roads and railway received his attention. Two of the signallers (Dickey
-and West) did noble work in repairing our telephone line, nearly a mile,
-through a regular barrage of high explosive and gas, their job being
-made more difficult by some defensive wire entanglements which had been
-recently placed over our line.
-
-Now succeeded several months when the enemy’s chief energies were
-directed to other parts of the Front, and the British Army was
-recovering from its wounds, filling up its ranks and organizing for the
-coming glorious advance which was to end the war. During these months
-the Battery had positions at Souchez and Lievin, neither of these being
-pleasant spots, but where life was more or less normal; that is, daily
-and nightly tasks of firing, sometimes counter battery shoots, sometimes
-destructive shoots, or harassing fire, to all of which the Hun replied
-in kind. At Lievin he gave us two bad gas bombardments, but the results,
-had he known them, would have been bitterly disappointing to him, to
-such an extent had we been educated by this time in anti-gas measures.
-At Villers Cagnicourt Chère was some heavy firing and obstinate fighting
-before the enemy was driven across the Canal du Nord. At Barelle Wood
-the Battery was a day, and at Sauchy Lestree, during the fight for
-Cambrai, which was very severe, several days were spent. At this place
-the Huns’ night bombers were very active.
-
-But it was now moving warfare in earnest. Blecourt and Batigny were hot
-places for a day or two. At Marquette and Escaydain a night only was
-spent in each. Wavrechain-sous-Denain was easy. At Herin the Battery
-took part in the very fine artillery preparation for the taking of
-Valenciennes, and at St. Saulve on Nov. 4th it had its last casualty of
-one man killed.
-
-During all this moving warfare, conditions were a great contrast to the
-previous trench warfare. Guns sometimes took up positions in fields
-almost untouched by shell-fire. The laborious gun pit was nearly
-unknown. The woods and trees were no longer shot to pieces, and
-occasionally one walked into billets to find cut flowers still fresh on
-the window sill, or table, left there by the retiring Hun the day before
-or by its civil occupants who had been forced to leave with him.
-
-
-                      9th CANADIAN SIEGE BATTERY.
-
-Authority for organization. H.Q. 1–36–129. Names of original officers
-with rank: Major (Lieut.-Col.) S. A. Heward, Capt. H. R. N. Cobbett,
-Lieut. D. W. McKeen, Lieut. D. A. MacKenzie, Lieut. W. E. B. Starr,
-Lieut. C. B. Thackray, all of R.C.A.
-
-Reinforcements: Lieut. E. S. Hoare, Lieut. H. R. Gunter, Lieut. R.
-Cruit, Capt. C. MacKay, Lieut. M. A. Wilson. Lieut. E. T. Chesley, Capt.
-J. E. Lean, Lieut. T. S. Millar, Lieut, W. A. F. Fairchild, Lieut. F. C.
-Harding, Capt. H. T. Seaman, Major W. G. Scully, all of C.G.A.; Lieut.
-Warren (Portuguese Interpreter); Lieut. P. Moyara, Portuguese troops;
-Lieut. J. C. Fraser, C.G.A.
-
-Numerical strength: Officers, 6; W. O. and S. Sergeants, 8; other ranks,
-144. Total all ranks, 158.
-
-Date of sailing for Overseas: 27th September, 1916.
-
-Date of return to Canada: May 9th, 1919.
-
-Commissions: Gunners Young and S. Smith to R.O.C. training school for
-commissions.
-
-Honors: Military Cross, 2: Dist. Conduct Medal, 2; M.S.M., 3: Military
-Medal, 13; mentioned in despatches, 3.
-
-Total number of battle casualties: Officer, 1; other ranks, 67; total,
-68.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER IV.
-                       _THE 10th SIEGE BATTERY._
-
-
-The proposal to recruit a purely Nova Scotian Artillery Unit originated
-when four young officers had just completed their training with the
-Royal School of Artillery at Halifax. These young officers were: Lieuts.
-Wm. Henry L. Doane, 1st R.C.A.; Frederick H. Palmer, 1st R.C.A.; Robert
-Parker Freeman, 1st R.C.A.; Robert Edward Jamieson, 1st R.C.A.
-
-The proposal was laid before Major J. M. Slayter, R.C.A., and after
-discussion he agreed to undertake to obtain the necessary authority and
-to take over, at any rate temporarily, the work of the Battery, if such
-was approved.
-
-On August 1, 1916, authority was applied for from the General Officer
-Commanding Military District No. 6 for leave to raise a Battery of Siege
-in Halifax for service Overseas. On August 12, 1916, the organization of
-No. 10 Draft Siege Artillery Battery was approved, and on October 1,
-1916, authority was received from headquarters for the appointment of
-the following officers: Major J. M. Slayter, R.C.A. (in Command);
-Lieuts. Wm. H. L. Doane. 1st R.C.A.; F. H. Palmer, 1st R.C.A.; R. P.
-Freeman, 1st R.C.A.; R. E. Jamieson, 1st R.C.A.
-
-Barrack accommodation was found for the proposed Battery in South
-Barracks, and at once the work of active recruiting was taken up. By the
-end of November, 1916, the Battery was raised to a strength of
-eighty-five officers and men. Preliminary examinations were completed
-and as quickly as the men completed their preliminary training, they
-were passed on to Instructional Courses to qualify as Battery
-Commanders, Assistants, Signalling and Gun Laying, and all the various
-specialties that go to make up a Siege Battery. On December 11, 1916,
-Lieut. W. H. L. Doane was promoted to fill the vacancy of Captain in the
-Battery. This completed the establishment of officers.
-
-In accordance with orders received on December 16, 1916, Lieut. Crosby
-and fifty other ranks were warned to hold themselves in readiness to
-proceed Overseas. They embarked on the _S.S. Scandinavian_ on January
-23, 1917. Recruiting continued steadily and on March 26, 1917, Capt. W.
-H. L. Doane with fifty other ranks proceeded Overseas on the _S.S.
-Missinabie_.
-
-Capt. F. H. Palmer being now the senior Lieutenant of the Battery was
-promoted to Captain, March 27, 1917. On April 12, 1917, Lieut. M. B.
-Archibald, 1st R.C.S., and Lieut. R. D. Lacon, 1st R.C.A., were
-appointed to the Battery. Lieut. R. P. Freeman and fifty other ranks
-were warned on May 17, 1917, to hold themselves in readiness to proceed
-Overseas. They sailed on the _Olympic_ on the 28th of May.
-
-On November 5, 1917, warning was received that three officers and two
-hundred N.C.O.’s and men would proceed Overseas. As the Military Service
-Act was now about to become law, organizations which had previously
-handled voluntary recruiting would now completely change their
-character. Ample man power being available, it would only be necessary
-to outfit and start preliminary training of men raised under the Act.
-
-In view of this the Draft embarked for Overseas service on November 23,
-1917, on the _S.S. Metagama_, consisting of Major J. M. Slayter, Captain
-Palmer and one hundred and fifty N.C.O.’s and men. Lieutenant Archibald
-and fifty other ranks proceeded Overseas on the _S.S. Olympic_.
-Lieutenant Lacon, and some forty men, the latest joined recruits, were
-left in Halifax to carry on the Depot under the Military Service Act.
-
-As the personnel of the detachment who made up this sailing were of an
-exceptionally high character, and had had considerable training in
-specialties, it was hoped that they might be retained as a Battery for
-service Overseas.
-
-On arrival at Witley, Surrey, England, it was found that there were such
-heavy demands for reinforcements for Batteries and Brigades already
-authorized, that it would be impossible to retain the organization as it
-landed at Witley. Specialists were sent for extra courses, and as these
-were completed were drafted very largely to the newly-formed 10th, 11th
-and 12th Siege Batteries, and to the 3rd Brigade of the C.G.A.
-
-The Depot of the 10th Siege Battery at Halifax continued under Major
-George Oland, with Lieutenant Lacon, Lieutenant McNair and Lieutenant
-Baird, sending forward drafts and having raised and equipped and sent
-forward some ten officers and about eight hundred N.C.O.’s and men. The
-Depot at Halifax was finally absorbed after the Armistice in the 6th
-Artillery Depot.
-
-These are the bare facts as taken from records, which do not signalize
-the splendid self-sacrificing work of such officers as Captains W. H. L.
-Doane, R. P. Freeman, F. H. Palmer, and R. E. Jamieson; and such
-N.C.O.’s as Jenkins, Fultz and Holmes.
-
-From beginning to end this Unit was marked by the high standard of the
-men that it drew, the remarkable lack of crime of even the pettiest
-sort, and the earnestness and whole-hearted manner in which all ranks
-endeavored to qualify themselves for their duties Overseas.
-
-
-
-
-                               CHAPTER V.
-                  _17th BATTERY (6th BATTERY, C.F.A.)_
-
-
-                        BY WILFRED HEARN SYDNEY.
-
-The 17th Battery had the unique distinction of being the only combatant
-Militia Unit in Nova Scotia to be accepted as a Unit of the Canadian
-Expeditionary Force for service Overseas in the First Canadian
-Contingent. On the day that war was declared between Great Britain and
-Germany, the Department of Militia and Defence wired its acceptance of
-Lieut.-Colonel H. G. McLeod’s offer of the 17th Battery, C.F.A., as a
-Unit for service Overseas.
-
-The mobilization of the Battery was purely a matter of selection, for
-many more than the required number applied for enlistment. On August 28,
-1914, the Battery left Sydney with the full war strength of 141 officers
-and men, four guns and 123 horses. The trip to Valcartier was
-uneventful. Shortly after our arrival there we were disappointed to hear
-that the Unit would have to be split in order that the new war
-establishment of six-gun Batteries might be completed. The right section
-of the 17th was to be amalgamated with the 19th Battery from Moncton and
-Woodstock, while the left section went with the 21st Battery of
-Westmount, Montreal. Thus Major McLeod was to command the new 6th
-Battery, C.E.F., keeping with him Capt. J. Geo. Piercey, while Capt. J.
-A. MacDonald, our own “Johnnie Angus,” was lost to us, and went to the
-new 5th Battery in the same Brigade.
-
-The two weeks spent in Valcartier Camp were pleasant. The getting used
-to military routine, drill and ceremonials was not at that early date a
-hardship. The novelty had not even begun to wear off then. The reviews
-held by Sir Sam Hughes first and His Royal Highness the Duke of
-Connaught subsequently, had a certain amount of pleasure for all of us,
-despite adverse weather conditions. Yet it was not without a certain
-degree of impatience that we awaited the word to set sail for England.
-
-Eventually, after many false alarms, the word came, and we donned full
-marching order to set out for Quebec and the waiting transports. What a
-memorable sight was that Armada congregated at Gaspe Bay! Thirty-three
-of our largest ocean greyhounds in full steam, ready and anxious to
-hasten to the assistance of our Mother Country in her hour of need. The
-order was signalled from the flagship to set out—last letters of
-farewell were hurried aboard waiting tenders, a lingering last look was
-taken at the shores of Canada, and the First Canadian Contingent bade
-farewell to the peaceful land of the Maple Leaf and set its gaze to the
-East where lay discord and strife.
-
-Ocean trips generally are never very much out of the ordinary, and with
-the exception of one or two submarine scares, absolutely without
-foundation, we steamed our uneventful, out-of-the-way course to Merry
-England—and war. The monotony was relieved by routine, athletic
-competitions and musical entertainments. It was in the organization of
-the latter that the popular Canadian composer of present times, Gitz
-Rice, closely related to the Cape Breton Rices, Brent and Walter, first
-secured prominence in musical circles. However, if the trip was
-uninspiring, such could not be said of our reception at Plymouth. Bands
-playing, throngs cheering, the shores of the city blocked with thousands
-of people—England certainly did its duty that day in welcoming to its
-shores her Canadian sons.
-
-Disembarkation lasted a week, but finally the “Old 17th” landed at
-Devonport and were soon en route for Salisbury Plains. Detrained at
-Amesbury we were greeted with a downpour of rain, and it was very little
-else we saw in the weather line during the whole of our stay on that
-historic plain. Mud, mud, mud, and then more mud; drill, drill, drill,
-and then more drill, sums up Salisbury Plains, relieved only by brief
-leaves to London and provincial towns. How we cursed the mud! Finally,
-however, we were moved into comfortable quarters at Urchfont, where we
-enjoyed real English hospitality and good cheer. Even the Plains had its
-pleasant side, though. Our first Christmas away from home was spent
-there, and royally did Major McLeod and his fellow officers endeavor to
-give us a real Christmas.
-
-We spent about a month at Urchfont before the call came for which we had
-been impatiently waiting. On February 8th, 1915, we left for France.
-Embarking at Avonmouth we set out for the scene of war. The Allies at
-that time were being pressed from all sides. The Bases of Calais,
-Boulogne, and Rouen were seriously threatened. So it was to St. Nazair,
-a port in the Bay of Biscay, that the Canadians were sent. On February
-13th we first set foot in France; on the 16th we detrained within
-hearing of the guns, at Hazebrouck, marching further in to billets at
-Borre.
-
-From Borre the 6th Battery moved up into action and took its first
-position at Fleurbaix on March 1st. The first round was fired into the
-German front line by Captain Tom Kitchen, then Bombardier, and we took
-it as a good omen that the second round was observed to have sent our
-enemy’s field kitchen skyward. While at Fleurbaix the Battery played its
-part in the mix-up of March 10th at Neuve Chapelle, and it was in this
-same position we underwent our baptism of fire—fortunately with no
-serious casualties.
-
-On March 29th, the Brigade to which the 6th Battery was attached, was
-withdrawn to rest—billets at Watou. It was here, on Easter Sunday, that
-the first intimation of the hardship and danger to be expected at Ypres
-was given us by our Commanding Officer, Col. J. J. Creelman. The Easter
-Service was conducted by Rev. Canon Almon, and a feeling of intensity
-was apparent as he impressed upon us the sad fact, that of those who
-heard him that day, many would, before long, make that greatest
-sacrifice. And so indeed it proved. Yet when, on April 18th, we first
-caught a glimpse of the city of Ypres, then with a population of about
-twenty thousand, with its shops, estaminets and business places
-generally in full swing, it was hard indeed for us to believe that our
-padre could be correct. Little did we foresee that in four short days
-this city, beautiful, even after its first bombardment, would be a mass
-of ruins, its population fleeing to safety with a miserable handful of
-personal belongings, its Cathedral and historic Cloth Hall and
-invaluable treasures forever lost to posterity. Yet such was to happen.
-
-The bombardment of the Second Battle of Ypres commenced on the 21st, and
-on the 22nd the Hun let loose his devilish fumes of poison gas. The
-French to our left fell back, exposing our flank, leaving a gap of over
-a mile. Our own boys held, but at what a price! Reinforcements from our
-own reserves were hurriedly sent up, and all that was left of our First
-Division was spread over the whole of a three-mile front. But they held
-on for that day and the next. On the 23rd, from our position near St.
-Julien, we took part in what I firmly believe to have been the most
-dramatic action that the Battery was engaged in during its stay in
-France and Flanders. Our infantry had fallen back to reform for a
-counter-attack. The enemy advanced after them at a range of about 1,200
-yards from our guns. Two of our latter were immediately switched to the
-left at an angle of 45° from their original line of fire. The remaining
-two were galloped over clear country under heavy shell fire to take up a
-new position.
-
-With approximately only 100 rounds of ammunition, exposed to the
-heaviest shell fire, we waited until the enemy were sufficiently
-advanced to come under our “open sights” so that every round might
-count. So on they came until 600 yards separated us. The order came for
-us to retire. This Major McLeod ignored, but instead gave the word to
-open fire. The 7th Battalion charged at the same time, with the remnants
-of the Kilty Brigade. Round after round we poured into the still
-oncoming enemy until at last they were held and finally swept back
-through Langemarck wood. Three new positions were taken up by the
-Battery that night, and finally we were settled at Indian Hill, near
-Wieltje, and to the side of Potijze. What a hell-hole it was! Our
-casualties were fast mounting up, both among the personnel and horses,
-and unfortunately a number of these were deaths. On May 1st we took up a
-position on the banks of the Yser Canal, and remained there until the
-Division was withdrawn for reorganization at Hinges.
-
-On May 19th we were again, as part of the “Flying 7th Division” hustled
-into hot action at Festubert, and in the following month at Givenchy. It
-was at the latter place that a gun from the 6th Battery was placed in
-action in the front line trench, a “stunt” subsequently acknowledged by
-the General Officer Commanding. From the “Orchard Position” at Givenchy
-the Old 17th was sent into action at Neuve Eglise, where for a long time
-they enjoyed comparative peace, with only occasional casualties, and
-nothing more than “raiding” work, which was first commenced on this
-front, to relieve the monotony. It was while here that the 2nd and 3rd
-Divisions came over and the Canadians became an Army Corps. It was here,
-too, that we lost our Major.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LT.-COL. G. H. MCLEOD.]
-
-Major McLeod was of the type of officer most beloved by the Canadian
-rank and file. Quick, alert, a thoroughly skilled Artillery Officer, he
-surely would have forced early recognition from headquarters had he been
-spared to attain it. Terrible was the blow to his “boys,” when his body
-was found in a small pond not many rods from the gun position. His was
-not even the glory of the death from bullet or shrapnel. Yet his duty
-had been well done, to his God, to his country, to his fellow officers
-and men. This brief outline of the Old 17th would be even more
-inadequate were the writer to omit this humble tribute to a dear friend
-and beloved Commanding Officer.
-
-Christmas, 1915, was spent at Neuve Eglise, and again we had to thank
-our officers for providing the usual Christmas trimmings. Conditions
-were not as they had been in England, and, unfortunately, many of the
-old faces were missing. Such were the fortunes of war, and we who had
-been raw recruits one short year before were beginning to look at things
-as philosophic veterans.
-
-In the latter part of January the Battery was withdrawn to Caestre for a
-brief rest, being relieved by one of the Units of the 2nd Division.
-Early in February we went to Lederzeele, and about March 20th found
-ourselves in action once more at Neuve Eglise. Just about this time
-rumors, hitherto vague, became more certain that the Battery was once
-more to move Ypresward. Rumor became a definite fact on April 4th, and
-we found ourselves in position at Railway dugouts, a trifle to the south
-of Ypres City. Here we remained in complete quiet until the 20th, when
-in the Hill 60 scrap we received our first taste of gas shells.
-
-It was during the month of May that the organization of three Howitzer
-Batteries was undertaken and sub-sections from all the Batteries in the
-Division were utilized to form these Batteries, and subsection “C” was
-separated from the 6th to help form the D, 48th Battery of 4.5’s. The
-complete organization of this Battery had not been consummated before
-the German hordes again attacked in force, this time at Soisele Hill and
-Sanctuary Wood. All sub-sections reported back to their own Batteries
-for duty, and the 6th Battery again played its important part in the
-Third Battle of Ypres. On the morning of June 13th the Canadians
-counter-attacked and regained the ground lost in the 2nd of June scrap.
-
-The remainder of the month of June was passed quietly in the Ypres
-Salient, as was also the month of July, with the exception of a little
-excitement at “The Dump.” About the middle of August the Battery went
-into billets for rest and tactical drill at Polin Cove and on the 26th
-entrained at Audruicq for the Somme.
-
-On detraining at Aix la Chateau on the 27th, the Battery, after one
-day’s forced march, went into action at Mesnel on the 28th. On September
-3rd the Old 17th supported the attack of an Imperial Corps on Thiepval,
-which was unsuccessful. We then moved into position at La Boiselle on
-ground won from the enemy during the fighting there in the early part of
-July. Glad we were to see at long last ground won from the Hun.
-Seemingly we were now engaged in driving him back, steadily and surely.
-The Germans were retreating—the end of the war was in sight—so we
-thought.
-
-On September 15th the attack on Courcellette was commenced. Who of us
-that were there can easily forget the glory of that early sunlit
-September morning! The writer was fortunate enough to be one of a party
-of Artillery Signallers to “go over” with the second “wave” of infantry
-and was forward when the signal—dropped from one of our air craft—came
-to advance. The intensity of the bombardment was overwhelming. It was
-impossible to hear the loudest shout of the man adjoining you. We were
-all frantic—cheering, yelling, jumping up and down in our excitement. It
-was pandemonium let loose with a vengeance—and we were winning. We were
-advancing. The Sugar Refinery was reached and our Battery was advanced.
-Courcellette was taken by the 25th and 26th Battalions—and again we were
-moved forward until we were practically within two hundred yards of
-where the German front line had been on the morning of the 15th. This
-position—Pozieres Wood—had been won by the Australians at a terrible
-cost some weeks before.
-
-From the 15th until the 26th of September we were kept busy
-consolidating the ground won from the enemy. On the 26th we were again
-called upon to take part in a glorious action which won Thiepval for us.
-We were also successful in our first attack on Regina Trench. Such heavy
-action was not successfully won without our paying the price, however,
-and the 6th Battery of October, 1916, little resembled the Old 17th that
-left Valcartier in September, 1914. Heavy had been the toll of lives and
-casualties.
-
-It was on October 20th that the last remaining gun brought from Sydney,
-was condemned after firing 20,010 rounds of ammunition. From this on,
-the writer (having been wounded at the Somme sufficiently to keep him
-out of action for the remainder of the war) must depend, not on personal
-observation, but on information derived from divers sources.
-
-Early in November Desire Support Trench was taken, and a little later on
-in the same month our wagon lines were again situated at Albert. The
-march along Bouzincourt, Varennes, Raincheva, Frevent, St. Pol, St.
-Michel and Marquay was uneventful. On the 30th the Battery stopped at
-Pernes, for a well-earned rest. Our 1916 Christmas dinner was held here,
-and mighty well was it celebrated. On January 6th we started out for
-Bruay, Ruitz, Hersin to Fosse 10 and finally into action at Bully
-Grenay.
-
-On February 13th the first landing of the Canadians in France was
-suitably celebrated at noon, by the firing of “Battery cheers” and
-“Brigade cheers.” From then on is merely a series of names, Hersin Wagon
-Lines, Maisnil-les-Ruitz, Camblain l’Abbe, until the E2 position behind
-Neuville St. Vaast. On the 25th the Battery was again changed from a
-four to a six-gun Unit. From Neuville St. Vaast the Old 17th went to
-Vimy. Who will forget Bentata Tunnel? Who will forget the morning of the
-13th when two guns of the old Battery went to form the composite Battery
-at Bois Carre, to the right of Thelus? On the night of the 16th the
-Battery went over the Ridge, and from there on the story of the 6th is
-the same as that of the other Nova Scotia Units that took part at Vimy.
-From Vimy to late in July was uneventful. On the 22nd of that month our
-wagon lines were established at Les Brebis. On the 23rd we went into
-action behind Loos Crassier. Things remained quiet until August 15th
-when the Hill 70 scrap for Lens commenced. On September 9th we were at
-Lievin, and remained in that vicinity for about one month.
-
-Around October 1st a move was made to Boyeffles, where the wagon line
-was established. On the 6th the Battery took up a position behind the
-cemetery at Lievin, where we remained for some time. On the 24th of
-October we were again en route for Ypres, our old hunting ground, via
-Bethune, Morbecque and Godewaersvelde. On the 29th our wagon lines were
-settled at a spot just south of St. Julien, and on the 1st of November
-we took up a position, which shall ever be consecrated in memory of our
-First Canadian Contingent, for the Passchendaele show. On the 23rd we
-were again en route south, via Bailleul, Strazeele, Haverskerque and
-Vendin-les-Bethune. On November 26th the Battery was again at the Old
-Lievin cemetery. Christmas Day, 1917, was celebrated at Haillicourt.
-
-On January 24th the Battery took up a position behind Loos Crassier,
-where they remained in comparative quietness until March 22nd, when a
-new position behind the double Crassier was taken. On the 29th we went
-into action at Ronville Dump between Arras and Achicourt, and from there
-to the Old Mill at Achicourt on April 1st. On the 8th we were out at
-Anzin, on the 9th at Musketry Valley position, in front of St. Laurent
-Blangy. The Battery was withdrawn for rest at Hermanville on May 25th,
-and on June 1st was inspected with the other Batteries in the Brigade by
-the Corps Commander. On the 10th Divisional Sports were held, in which
-the old Battery won its quota of prizes.
-
-On July 15th we went into action at St. Laurent Blangy, and on the 24th
-were back again at Achicourt—Old Windmill position. August the 1st saw
-the Unit at Berlincourt, and on the 3rd they entrained at Frevent for
-Amiens. We detrained the following day at Prouzel and left for Bois de
-Boves. On August 5th we took up a position at Bois de Gentelles, and on
-the 8th took part in the “kick off” for the Amiens show with a night
-position in front of Cayeux. From the 9th until the 16th is simply a
-sequence of names that spells the hardest action; Caix Valley,
-Warvillers, Le Quesnoy, Warvillers. On August 21st the Battery was en
-route back to Saleux, via Cayeux, Domart and Boves Wood, where they
-entrained for Aubigny and Dainville Wood.
-
-The “kick off” for the Drocourt-Queant line came on September 2nd. On
-the 3rd our position was taken up just east of Villers Cagnicourt, and
-on the 6th the 6th Battery was at Bainville on rest, where they remained
-for about three weeks. On the 26th the Battery went into action at
-Buissy, and on the 27th took part in the attack on Canal du Nord and
-Cambrai. The Old 17th had the honor to be the first Battery to cross the
-Canal at Inchy, and immediately after took up position just east of the
-Canal beyond Inchy.
-
-October was merely a repetition of names. The Battery took part in the
-general rout of the enemy, until November 7th found them at Crespin, in
-action for the last time. On November the 10th the last round was fired
-from the Battery in this position by Gunner Malcolm MacDonald of “B”
-subsection, the very same subsection that fired the first round on March
-1, 1915.
-
-At 11 a.m. of November 11th hostilities ceased and the fighting was
-finished. The “Old 17th,” however, marched into Germany as part of the
-Army of Occupation and completed the work that the original had set out
-to do. Very few, however, of the original members were left by that
-time. Yet those of us, who were unable to share in the glorious hour of
-Victory, were recompensed by knowing that our successors nobly carried
-on in our places equally as well as, if not better than, we ourselves
-could have done. The Battery embarked at Southampton on _S.S. Olympic_,
-and arrived at Halifax on April 21, 1919. It was demobilized the same
-day and consequently its home city, Sydney, was deprived of the pleasure
-of welcoming it as a Unit.
-
-
-                              CASUALTIES.
-
-                   Officers:    Killed          5
-                                Died            2
-                                               ——
-                                                   7
-                   Other ranks: Killed         19
-                                Died of wounds 13
-                                Died            2
-                                               —— 34
-                                                  ——
-                                                  41
-
-
-                           HONORS AND AWARDS.
-
-                           D.S.O.           3
-                           M.C.            10
-                           D.C.M.           4
-                           M.M.            28
-                           Bar to M.M.      1
-                           M.S.M.           1
-                           Croix de Guerre  1
-                           Despatches      12
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER VI.
-                    _23rd AND 24th FIELD BATTERIES._
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LT.-COL. T. M. SEELEY.]
-
-In November, 1914, Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley, of Yarmouth, N.S. (O.C.
-11th Brigade, C.F.A.), was commissioned to organize the 23rd Battery of
-Field Artillery, to represent the Maritime Provinces in the 6th
-Artillery Brigade, C.E.F. The temporary headquarters were at
-Fredericton, N.B., but recruits were to be drawn from any part of the
-Maritime Provinces. Many were furnished by the 3rd, 4th and 11th
-Brigades of the Militia Artillery. An important factor in the new Unit
-was a group of twenty-five or thirty students who joined from the
-University of New Brunswick and other universities.
-
-The recruiting proceeded at such a rate that Lieut.-Col. Seeley soon
-found himself with fifty or sixty men over strength. He appealed to
-headquarters for authority to have a second Battery formed, which was
-granted. Lieut.-Col. B. A. Ingraham, R.O., of Sydney, C.B., was
-commissioned to organize the 24th Battery, also at Fredericton. He took
-over the surplus from the 23rd, and in addition brought a large
-detachment of fine men from Cape Breton.
-
-These Batteries trained side by side until February 18, 1915, when they
-were mobilized with the 21st Battery of Kingston and the 22nd Battery of
-Montreal, and sent Overseas February 22nd on _S.S. Megantic_, under
-Lieut.-Col. E. W. Rathburn.
-
-The Mayor of Fredericton, the Premier of New Brunswick, the Earl and
-Countess of Ashburnham, and the citizens generally were very kind to the
-artillerymen during their sojourn in Fredericton.
-
-Just previous to sailing there were several changes made in the
-personnel of the officers. Lieut.-Colonel Seeley was detailed to
-organization duty in Canada, and Major J. K. MacKay was placed in
-command of the 23rd Battery. On sailing the staff was: Major MacKay,
-O.C.; Capt. E. A. Chisholm; Lieuts. J. E. Read and J. N. McEachern. The
-Staff of the 24th Battery was: Lieut.-Colonel Ingraham, O.C.; Capt. A.
-T. MacKay (of P.E.I.); Lieuts. G. St. C. A. Perrin and O. Mowatt.
-
-Arriving in England the Batteries received a brief training at
-Shorncliffe, after which they were drafted to the Second Brigade,
-C.F.A., and Divisional Ammunition Column in France. A large proportion
-of the N.C.O.’s and men of these Batteries won commissions and
-distinctions on the field.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER VII.
-                       _THE 36th BATTERY, C.F.A._
-
-
-                    BY MAJOR D. A. MACKINNON, D.S.O.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJ. D. A. MACKINNON D. S. O.]
-
-The 36th Battery was formed in Sydney in September, 1915, Major Walter
-Crowe being the organizer and leading spirit in it. The rush of
-applications for positions in the Battery was so great that over one
-hundred had to be turned away. Major Crowe selected his men with great
-care; and the subsequent achievements of the Battery is evidence that
-his judgment was good. To Major Crowe must be given a great deal of
-credit for the splendid record which the Battery achieved Overseas. He
-remained with it as its Commanding Officer and supervised nearly all its
-early training, took it Overseas in March, 1916, but on account of being
-very much over age could not accompany the Battery to France; so the
-command was given to Major D. A. MacKinnon, of Charlottetown, P.E.I.
-
-The Battery arrived in France on July 14th, 1916, and was almost
-immediately placed in action on the Ypres Salient, which was a very
-“hot” spot. They were in action only twenty-four hours when they
-received quite a heavy shelling from the enemy. They remained in this
-position for about a month, firing day and night, and their quick
-response to all calls from the infantry was remarked upon. The next move
-was to Kemmel, which was a nice quiet spot, and the boys enjoyed
-themselves very much while in that vicinity. Early in October the march
-for the Somme commenced. It occupied a week; and about the 12th of
-October the Battery went into action about one thousand yards in the
-rear of Courcellette. They received considerable shelling but returned
-one hundred rounds for every one they got. After the Battle of Regina
-Trench they moved forward in front of Martinpuich, with the expectation
-of another great battle which never materialized. While in this position
-they were constantly shelled, the discomforts were terrible, mud and
-rain preventing any kind of decent accommodation; but the gunners were
-better off than the drivers at the wagon lines; there the mud was two
-feet deep, and the trials and sufferings almost unendurable. Nearly all
-the ammunition had to be carried to the guns by packing it on horses’
-and mules’ backs, taking it up over trails, inasmuch as the roads were
-death traps, on account of enemy fire. Notwithstanding this the Battery
-kept up its reputation for activity, having fired on several occasions
-well over one thousand rounds in a few hours. They were highly
-complimented for their splendid concealment and for the brave way in
-which they carried on under very discouraging difficulties. On the 20th
-of November the Division pulled out of the Somme, greatly to the relief
-of all.
-
-A week’s tramp to the Ecuri Front commenced, the first two days being
-teeming rain and bitter cold. It was during this march that Sergt. Sam
-Wilson, one of the most popular men in the Battery, contracted pneumonia
-and died in a few days, mourned by all. During the following months the
-Battery stayed in position doing garrison duty, but in February they
-were forced to leave and made three shifts of positions in three days.
-The bitter cold, it being the coldest winter in forty years, and the
-shortage of fodder for the horses, coupled with the hard work which so
-much moving entailed, caused the death of a great many horses and mules.
-The hardships of the drivers were also particularly severe, shelter was
-at a premium, and the winter of 1916 and 1917 will ever remain as a very
-disagreeable memory.
-
-Early in March preparations commenced for the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the
-drivers being constantly employed at night hauling vast quantities of
-ammunition to forward points. The month was very rainy with high winds,
-and all night the men would be exposed to the rain and winds and return
-at daybreak tired and exhausted, cold and wet to the skin. The
-sufferings which they experienced that winter, and the grim
-determination with which they carried through their duties will never be
-forgotten. On the 25th of March the 36th was changed to a six-gun
-Battery, absorbing one-half of the 29th Battery. It was a splendid
-consolidation, the newcomers proving very excellent gunners and drivers,
-and brave men. About the 1st of April, 1917, the Battery moved forward
-to a little hollow near the Arras road, facing Vimy Ridge. Rude pits had
-to be constructed for the guns, and these they soon fashioned into a
-home for the Battery. The Batteries were as thick as flies in this
-hollow, and we had neighbors on all sides of us. The 2nd of April saw
-everybody registering on targets in the enemy lines, and one had almost
-to crawl about to prevent being hit by our own guns. As the enemy had
-observation of this position they very quickly began to use it, shelling
-the area with gas and high explosives. It was a most uncomfortable
-position, and had the battle been delayed a few days longer and the
-enemy been given a chance to get more heavy artillery, there is no doubt
-that they would have given us a bad time.
-
-The Battle of Vimy Ridge started at 5 o’clock, April 9th. It was the
-biggest battle we had ever been engaged in, and every one was quite
-interested to see how it would pan out. It was a great success, and we
-quickly got orders to move our position forward so as to be able to
-range on the retreating enemy. This was accomplished very speedily. The
-battle practically ended on April 10th, and no further move was made
-forward. On the 14th we took our guns down into the village of Vimy
-being, we believed, one of the first Batteries to enter that much
-shelled village. We were lucky in getting in and lucky in getting our
-teams out, as the roads were shelled most terrifically. It was three
-weeks after that before we could bring a wagon of any description down
-the roads to the Battery. All ammunition and supplies had to be brought
-on pack horses and mules along trails leading over the ridges, but by
-the exercise of great care they managed to keep up our ammunition
-supplies and prevent casualties.
-
-The first two weeks which followed in our position were memorable for
-the amount of gas which the enemy hurled at us. We wore our masks
-practically all night. Thanks to a sufficient gas drill and gas
-protection our casualties were slight. With the energy and resource
-which characterized our boys they set to work and built a position which
-was the envy of all. It was so constructed that it was impossible to
-detect it by aeroplane or other observation. Speaking tubes connected
-all the gun-pits with the command post, and each pit had a tunnel
-leading into the other; so that if one was severely bombarded, an escape
-could be made through the other. The walls of the pits were nicely
-decorated with captured German material, and the appearance was such as
-to strike an inspecting officer most favorably. The greatest attention
-was paid to strengthening each defence, as the shelling was intense both
-by day and night. It was lucky that all these precautions were taken;
-for on the 24th of June, just as the Battery had completed firing a
-trial barrage, the enemy opened up with four batteries of heavy
-artillery. The bombardment was terrific, and almost all varieties of
-shell were used, including armor-piercing shell, which went down ten
-feet in the ground and then exploded. It was marvelous that there was
-anything left of the Battery, the whole position was covered with shell
-holes. One of the shells passed through the shelter in which Corpl. John
-McVicar, of Sydney, was with his gun detachment. The shock instantly
-killed Corporal McVicar and dazed some of the others. At the same time
-others had become casualties. The day will be long remembered as one
-which inflicted great sorrow on the remaining members of the Battery.
-While we were in this position Corporal Jack and Gunner Wheatley were
-also wounded, and there were several regrettable casualties among the
-drivers at the wagon lines.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. F. H. TINGLEY, M.C.]
-
-Early in July the Battery moved to a forward position near Vimy and,
-while there, was subjected to another terrific bombardment in which they
-had nearly one thousand rounds of ammunition destroyed. Several of the
-officers had close calls, and those who are alive will never forget the
-experience. About the 31st of July the Battery moved to Hill 70, and
-took up a position behind the double crassier. They constructed a good
-position in a very short time. The place was alive with Canadian Field
-Batteries, and it did not take the Hun long to discover the fact. Nearly
-all the Batteries were silent; that is, they were not to do any firing
-until a battle commenced, but the 36th and a few others were selected to
-do all the firing, including the heavy task of demolishing the wire in
-the German trenches, so that our infantry could get through. This the
-Battery did to the entire satisfaction of the infantry, although it was
-at quite a heavy cost to themselves, as they were constantly shelled day
-and night, and the position was a most trying one. The battle, which
-took place about the 14th of August, was one of the bloodiest of the
-whole war. The Hill was the key to Lens, and the Hun determined to
-retake it at all costs. In one day there were fourteen counter attacks
-made by the Hun, and on every occasion the field artillery responded,
-instantly killing many thousands of Germans. The work of the 36th
-throughout this engagement was commented on and needs no mention here.
-In one day they brought up from the ammunition dump and fired over five
-thousand rounds of ammunition. For two weeks the gunners had practically
-no rest, while the drivers that could be spared from the wagon lines
-came up and assisted in getting ammunition ready. So active had the
-Battery become that the Hun determined to destroy it and made several
-attempts but without success. However on the night of the 24th of
-August, while the Battery was firing an S.O.S., in response to a call
-from the infantry, they were subjected to a very intense shelling with a
-new gas, afterwards known as mustard gas. This gas is very much of the
-nature of sulphuric acid, and the burns made by it are very similar. In
-a short time several men were struck by the shells, some wounded and
-some killed; others going to the assistance of their suffering comrades
-got the gas on their hands and were terribly burned. It was an awful
-night, and some very gallant deeds were done. The returns next day
-showed three killed, three officers and twenty-five others gassed. Some
-of the men who were gassed on that occasion never recovered from it. The
-effects will be with them as long as they live. It was a very bad night
-for the Canadian Artillery. Other Batteries suffered, some even more
-severely, but they received unstinted praise for the gallant way they
-stuck to their guns. Besides the above, the Battery suffered a great
-many other casualties while in the Hill 70 Sector. In addition to
-Lieutenants Teed and Fleet being gassed, Lieutenant Longworth was
-severely wounded. On the night of the 29th of August we were relieved by
-a British Battery, but the relief could not be completed in quiet, the
-Hun shelling the position very severely with gas.
-
-We were all pleased to leave that vicinity, and our next position was on
-the Vimy Front, which was nice and quiet; and everybody had a very
-pleasant time until the 10th of October, when the Canadian Corps marched
-to Passchendaele, a trek that was undertaken with anything but light
-hearts, for its reputation as a death trap was known to all. On the 21st
-of October we took over from an English Battery, who were in a very bad
-way, having been practically shot to pieces. Everything was in very bad
-shape, only two guns being in action; but with great courage the boys
-set to work and very soon had the best position in the Salient. They
-protected their guns and themselves by the use of sand bags; and in that
-way saved many valuable lives. Conditions were such as to be almost
-impossible of description. The mud was up to one’s knees, and the place
-seemed to be nothing but shell holes filled with water. The enemy had
-perfect observation on us from the village of Passchendaele. On the 24th
-of October we registered our guns on its church, and the battle started
-on the 26th. During the progress of the battle we were severely shelled,
-Gunner Ira Stewart, of Charlottetown, being instantly killed. All the
-gunners carried on very heroically notwithstanding the shelling, and the
-day ended with a great victory for the Canadians.
-
-A few days later we had moved forward to a position in front of Kansas
-Cross, and in a short time had prepared a very fine position considering
-the materials at hand. The artillery programme was a very extensive one,
-firing starting at 5 o’clock in the morning and continuing at intervals
-several times through the day and night. The daily expenditure of the
-Battery ran well over one thousand rounds, and this had to be
-transported by pack mules a distance of eight miles from the ammunition
-dump. While on their way to the guns they were subjected to scattered
-shelling and to bombing by overhead planes. At night they got no rest
-either at the guns, or the wagon lines, heavy bombing planes circling
-over the area and dropping their contents indiscriminately. The
-casualties of the Canadians in these terrible battles are well known,
-their sufferings are beyond description. No words of mine can adequately
-portray the courage, fortitude, cheerfulness and devotion to duty
-exemplified by the officers and men of the 36th Battery in the terrible
-battles which culminated in the capture of Passchendaele Ridge. Among
-the officers it would be unfair to particularize, for all did their part
-nobly; but I believe that I could speak of Lieut. Andrew Livingstone’s
-three weeks’ experience as a forward officer as being the most awful of
-the lot. Words could not picture the things he saw and what he went
-through. To Lieut. Chas. Shrieve, of Digby, I always gave the greatest
-credit for the resourcefulness he displayed in building the positions.
-For his gallant conduct he was awarded the Military Cross. Lieutenant
-Teed had previously received the same decoration for similar conduct at
-Hill 70.
-
-On the 14th of November the most awful experience the Battery ever had
-was encountered. The night before the enemy had attempted a counter
-attack but the signal from the infantry had met with such instant
-response from the field artillery that his ranks were practically
-decimated. In retaliation he turned every gun he could command on the
-Batteries of field artillery in front of Kansas Cross. There were
-probably twenty English and Canadian Batteries within an area of three
-hundred yards; and on these at 1.30 in the afternoon was placed a
-bombardment that for intensity has probably never been excelled. Guns
-and ammunition were blown up at every volley, one entire Battery being
-wiped out, with all its personnel. The 36th received their share of the
-shelling, their dugouts being blown up and the gunners and officers
-buried beneath them. They had, however, suffered very few casualties
-considering the terrible ordeal passed through; but those who were
-placed at the guns on that day will never forget the experience.
-
-On the 21st of November they moved out of Passchendaele, the Hun
-shelling the position just as they were leaving, and the succeeding
-Battery being practically annihilated within a few days. A period of
-recuperation ensued, which did much to recover the morale of the
-Battery. In January they moved down into the Vimy Front, suffering the
-ordinary run of casualties, but without any very serious troubles. On
-the 21st of March, 1918, the Hun put on his famous offensive, and it was
-feared that he would attempt to take Vimy Ridge. As there was very
-little chance of getting the guns out if he broke through our infantry
-lines, it was decided to move the Batteries from the plain to the top of
-the Ridge, where they were put for defensive purposes. The 36th Battery
-was selected as a sacrifice Battery and were left in their position in
-front of Vimy. Their task was to harass the enemy as much as possible,
-their daily expenditure of ammunition running from a thousand to two
-thousand rounds. This activity of one Battery did not escape the alert
-attention of the Hun; and on the 28th of March, when he made his famous
-attack on Arras, a little to the south of Vimy, he took on the 36th
-Battery in great style. In three hours it was estimated by observers on
-the Ridge that over two thousand-rounds were fired into the Battery.
-Guns and dugouts were blown up and a tremendous lot of damage done. Some
-brave deeds were carried out by members of the Battery, and among the
-decorations received for this affair were Military Medals by Sergeant
-Cashen, of Sydney, and Signaller MacKenzie and Bombardier Peter Laforte.
-All the members of the Battery acted most heroically. That night orders
-were given to retire the Battery from this untenable position, and in
-the new one they carried on with much more comfort.
-
-About the 1st of May the Battery went into training for open warfare,
-and remained in training until July when they went into the line for a
-few weeks. On the 28th of July they were drawn from the line, and on the
-first of August started on the famous march to Amiens. The greatest
-secrecy was maintained regarding the destination of the Canadians, and
-it was not until the night of the 4th of August that we knew our
-destination. The nights of the 5th, 6th and 7th were utilized in
-bringing up thousands of rounds of ammunition and getting ready for the
-big battle which started on the 8th. The Battle of Amiens was the
-hand-writing on the wall, so General Ludendorff has told us. On that day
-the 36th Battery occupied six positions, giving the most splendid aid to
-our glorious infantry. At half past four in the afternoon a German
-aeroplane swooped down on the Battery and killed several horses, wounded
-some of the men and Lieutenant Manning. The casualties would have been
-greater but for the bravery and coolness of the machine gunners, who
-poured a constant volley into the Hun and actually killed him, his plane
-crashing in a few minutes.
-
-The Battle of Amiens continued for several days with constant advances.
-On the night of the 13th we were ordered to place three thousand rounds
-of ammunition in an advanced position for another Battery. Sergt. J. W.
-Boutillier was given charge of the unloading. While waiting for the
-arrival of the ammunition his party was subjected to heavy shell fire.
-Sergeant Boutillier and Sergeant Swift were killed and several others
-were wounded. Sergeant Boutillier was one of the most outstanding men in
-the entire Battery and his loss was very keenly felt. For his bravery on
-this occasion Corpl. A. J. McGillivary was awarded the Croix de Guerre.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. D. L. TEED, M.C.]
-
-On the 19th of August the Battery started on its march for the Battle of
-Arras, arriving at Arras on the night of the 23rd of August and going
-into position that same night. The night of the 24th was utilized in
-bringing up ammunition. On the 25th they rested. On the morning of the
-26th the famous Battle of Arras opened. It was a day full of stirring
-incidents, the 36th Battery suffered severe casualties. The following
-days were very busy, the Battery constantly moving into new positions,
-shelling the enemy, and being shelled in return. On the morning of
-September 1st orders were received to cut wire on the Hindenburg line,
-and to expend upwards of four thousand rounds for that purpose. The
-position which the 36th Battery occupied was a very exposed one, and
-under observation by balloons and other means. The Battery had about
-completed one task when the enemy started to shell us very severely. At
-first the rounds fell short. Lieutenant Teed was at the telephone, and
-thinking that I did not receive the orders at the guns ran down to shout
-an order to No. 2 gun in charge of Sergeant McKay. Just as he got there
-an enemy shell landed, instantly killing Sergeant McKay, Gunner John
-Cornfoot and Lieutenant Teed. These were three of our very best, and the
-blow was one of the saddest in the 36th Battery’s whole experience.
-Lieut. Lionel Teed was from St. John, and had been with the Battery from
-its commencement. He was a brave officer, an extremely clever one, and
-loved by all. Sergeant McKay and Jack Cornfoot were also very popular.
-The wire cutting was completed. Notwithstanding the shelling the brave
-boys of the 36th carried on as though nothing had happened. The battle
-which took place the next day broke the Hindenburg line, the strongest
-trench fortification ever utilized in warfare.
-
-A succession of moves forward was then made. The Batteries kept close
-behind the infantry in their pursuit of the Hun. On the 14th a halt was
-made, and the Batteries transferred to another section of the Front.
-They took up a position in the village of Sudemont, which was a very
-“hot” place, being almost constantly under shell fire. A number of
-casualties occurred when we were in this position, notably Corpl. John
-McSween, who lost a leg, and Sergeant Philpott and others. On the 17th
-the Battery started for the Battle of Cambrai, arriving in that sector
-on the evening of the 18th. The nights of the 19th and 20th were used in
-bringing up ammunition to a position in the little town of Inchy, where
-a battery position had been selected. The ammunition could only be drawn
-up under the greatest difficulties, for the roads were under heavy shell
-fire. Some very gallant deeds were done by the drivers and those in
-charge of them. For one particularly gallant exploit Corpl. A. Morrison
-received the D.C.M.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. CHAS. D. SHRIEVE, M.C.]
-
-The morning of the 21st was beautiful and the battle was wonderfully
-successful. Before ten o’clock thousands of yards of enemy territory had
-been penetrated and Bourlon Wood captured. The enemy field artillery
-recovered and shelled us vigorously, and we suffered several casualties.
-The battle continued for several days, with constant gain of territory
-for us. On the night of the 28th, while Lieutenant Livingstone was
-unloading ammunition, his drivers and the gunners were subjected to
-heavy shell fire and we had many regrettable casualties; among the
-drivers, Frank Hughes, of Charlottetown, and Driver George McDonald, of
-Sydney. George was one of the most wonderful guides in France, and his
-loss was a severe one. The next few days saw several moves of positions,
-and on the 5th of October the 36th Battery was in a position at
-Raillencourt. On the evening of October 7th orders were issued for the
-Battery to move up to a position in the rear of St. Olle. The six guns
-with ammunition and ammunition wagons arrived at the position and were
-starting to unlimber when a volley of German shells landed directly in
-them. The casualties were terrific, over 50 per cent. of those present
-being killed or wounded together with twenty horses. The whole thing
-occupied only a few minutes, but it saddened a great many hearts. Lieut.
-Chas. Shrieve was shot through the chest and died instantly. Captain
-Craig was severely wounded through the hip. Lieutenant Livingstone was
-wounded in two places and his ankle broken. Twenty-eight N.C.O.’s and
-men were killed or wounded. Among the killed was the very popular
-Bombardier John Drysdale. The blow was a demoralizing one, but the
-undaunted courage of the remaining members of the 36th was equal to the
-task. Within three hours the guns had been transferred to new positions,
-and lines of fire laid out, and the Battery ready for action.
-
-The Hill 70 gas episode and the shelling received the night of October
-the 7th were two of the worst experiences that any Battery had ever been
-called upon to endure, but the brave boys of the 36th met both with
-unflinching courage and proved themselves worthy of all the encomiums
-which had been bestowed upon them. For gallant work on this occasion
-several members of the Battery were decorated. On the 10th of October
-Cambrai was captured, the 36th Battery doing its share to make the
-battle a success.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LT. F. J. LONGWORTH, M.C.]
-
-From Cambrai they moved northward again, occupying various positions
-with various degrees of fortune until November 1st, when the march
-towards Mons commenced. This was one long succession of triumphs,
-culminating in the capture of the celebrated city on the morning of the
-11th of November. On the afternoon of the 10th we were in position at
-Je-Mappes, about one thousand yards from Mons. At 3.30 in the afternoon
-orders were received to fire on the railway at Mons, and while engaged
-in doing that several enemy shells were fired into the Battery, one of
-which instantly killed Lieut. Fred Longworth, of Charlottetown, and
-wounded Sergeant Dickson and several others. Sergeant Dickson received
-thirty-two wounds but managed to pull through. On the morning of the
-11th at 6.30 word was received that the Armistice was signed, and a
-March-Past was ordered to take place in the City of Mons. There was
-great rejoicing at the good news, inasmuch as the suffering of the last
-three months was beginning to tell on the remaining members of the “Old
-Guard.”
-
-I cannot close this account of the doings of the 36th Battery without
-making reference to the wonderful qualities which the officers, N.C.O.’s
-and men displayed. It was easy to command a Battery like the 36th. They
-were everything that could be desired. Loyal, brave and good-humored,
-with the greatest devotion to duty, they cannot be too highly praised by
-me. Every man was a hero and every man deserved decorations many times
-over. I feel that it is but fitting that I should here mention the fact,
-when speaking about decorations, that the 36th Battery received a very
-large share of them, including one D.S.O., two Croix de Guerre, eight
-Military Crosses, one bar for Military Cross, ten D.C.M.’s and twenty
-Military Medals.
-
-On November 21, 1918, Major D. A. MacKinnon, who commanded the 36th
-Battery from its arrival in France on July 14, 1916, and who took part
-with the Battery in all its battles, was granted sick leave to Canada.
-
-The loss of so many brave officers and brave men had been a severe shock
-to him, and his nerves became greatly unstrung. It was with sincere
-regret that he parted with the boys after nearly three years of
-strenuous fighting. The Battery, after a short stay in Belgium, was
-transferred to England, demobilizing in March, 1919. On the 36th
-Battery’s return to Sydney, N.S., they were tendered a most notable
-reception.
-
-
-    LIST OF OFFICERS WHO SERVED WITH THE 36th BATTERY IN FRANCE, WITH
-                          DECORATIONS RECEIVED.
-
- Major D. A. MacKinnon,              Distinguished Service Order and
-   Charlottetown, P.E.I.               Croix de Guerre.
-
- Capt. F. H. Tingley (killed),       Moncton Military Cross.
-
- Capt. A. L. Anderson, Toronto       Military Cross and Bar.
-
- Lieut. D. L. Teed (killed), St.     Military Cross.
-   John, N.B.
-
- Lieut. C. D. Shrieve (killed),      Military Cross.
-   Digby, N.S.
-
- Lieut. R. Fleet, Montreal           Military Cross.
-
- Lieut. F. J. Longworth (killed),    Military Cross.
-   Charlottetown
-
- Lieut. J. W. L. Harris, Moncton,    Military Cross.
-   N.B.
-
- Lieut. A. B. Manning, Toronto       Military Cross.
-
- Lieut. A. Livingstone, Sydney, N.S. Military Cross.
-
- Lieut. I. Alexander, Fredericton,   Military Cross.
-   N.B.
-
- Lieut. J. O’Grady, Winnipeg
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER VIII.
-                         _14th BRIGADE, C.F.A._
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LT.-COL. J. L. M‘KINNON.]
-
-The 14th Brigade, C.F.A., was organized in the spring of 1916 and was
-part of the 4th Division Artillery, which trained at Petawawa in the
-summer of 1916. The 14th Brigade, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel
-John L. McKinnon, of Halifax, N.S., was composed of the following Units:
-Headquarters, 7 officers, 40 men, recruited in Nova Scotia. Batteries,
-55th and 56th, recruited in Guelph, Ont.; 58th, recruited in New
-Brunswick; 66th, recruited in Montreal. Brigade Ammunition Column, 3
-officers, 120 men, recruited in Nova Scotia.
-
-In addition to the O.C., Lieutenant-Colonel McKinnon, the following
-other Nova Scotia officers proceeded Overseas with this Brigade: Capt.
-G. C. Oland, Halifax, Adjutant; Capt. C. V. Trites, Liverpool, Medical
-Officer, both attached to Brigade Headquarters; Major S. C. Oland, in
-command of 66th Battery; Lieut. J. Vickery, 58th Battery; Brigade
-Ammunition Column, Capt. F. S. Burns, Lieut. Herbert Stairs, Lieut. W.
-M. Ray, Lieut. T. D. Farquahar.
-
-The 4th Divisional Artillery, consisting of the 12th, 13th, 14th and
-15th Brigades, and Divisional Ammunition Column, left Canada on
-September 11, 1916, and completed training in England.
-
-In the fall of 1916 the Imperial authorities for the Imperial Army
-adopted the formation of six-gun Batteries instead of four-gun
-Batteries, reducing Brigades in each Division. The Canadian authorities
-followed in January, 1917, and from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions in
-France a new 4th Divisional Artillery was reconstituted, and the old 4th
-Divisional Artillery became 5th Divisional Artillery, which later became
-Corps Artillery.
-
-On the formation of the Nova Scotia Regimental Depot, Lieutenant-Colonel
-McKinnon was given command and was later appointed Deputy Judge Advocate
-General, Canadian Forces Overseas.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER IX.
-                     _THE ROYAL CANADIAN REGIMENT._
-
-
-The Royal Canadian Regiment was raised on December 21, 1883, as a Unit
-of the new Canadian Permanent Force, for the instruction of the Canadian
-Militia by establishing schools of instruction for officers and
-non-commissioned officers, and by the formation of a nucleus of officers
-and non-commissioned officer instructors to assist at the various
-Militia Camps. The Regiment was first known as the “Infantry School
-Corps.”
-
-In 1885 “C” Company, stationed at Toronto, joined a mixed force of
-Militia under the command of Lieut.-Col. W. D. Otter, which marched
-across the ice along the North Shore of Lake Superior to the Northwest,
-to suppress the rebellion of the half-breeds, under the leadership of
-Louis Riel. The Company took part in the action of Fish Creek and the
-relief of Battleford on April 24th, and in the action of Cut Knife Hill
-on May 2nd. It also took part in the pursuit of Chief Big Bear during
-June and July. It remained in garrison at Battleford from July until
-October, when it returned to Toronto. This was the first occasion on
-which Canadian troops had conducted active operations and brought them
-to a successful conclusion without the aid of Imperial troops.
-
-In 1892 the name of the Regiment was changed to the “Canadian Regiment
-Infantry,” and the following year Queen Victoria approved of the
-Regiment becoming a Royal Regiment, known as the “Royal Canadian
-Regiment of Canadian Infantry,” and granted permission for her Imperial
-Cypher, V.R.I., with the Imperial Crown, to be worn as a badge.
-
-In 1899, on the outbreak of the South African War, a second (Special
-Service) Battalion was raised under the command of Lieut.-Colonel W. D.
-Otter, and sailed on October 30, 1899, in the _S.S. Sardinian_, arriving
-at Cape Town on November 30th. In addition to minor skirmishes the
-Battalion took part in the following actions while in South Africa:
-
-                   Paardeberg     27th February, 1900
-                   Poplar Grove       7th March, 1900
-                   Dreifontein       10th March, 1900
-                   Israel’s Poort    25th April, 1900
-                   Hont’s Nek           1st May, 1900
-                   Zano River          16th May, 1900
-                   Doorn Kop           29th May, 1900
-                   Pretoria            4th June, 1900
-
-The casualties in South Africa were thirty-nine killed, twenty-eight
-died of disease, one hundred and twenty-three wounded.
-
-The Battalion was represented at the annexation ceremony at Pretoria on
-October 25th by a party specially selected, and on November 7th it
-embarked at Cape Town for Southampton, arriving on November 29th. The
-Battalion was inspected by Her Majesty Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle,
-when she addressed them and thanked them for their services. This was
-the last official inspection made by the Queen before her death.
-
-On December 11th the Battalion embarked at Liverpool and sailed for
-Canada, arriving at Halifax on December 23rd, where it was disbanded.
-
-During the South African War the name of the Regiment was changed to the
-“Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry.” His Majesty King George, then
-Duke of York, presented colors to the Regiment at Toronto on October 11,
-1901, during his tour of the British Empire.
-
-A 3rd (Garrison) Battalion of the Regiment was raised at Halifax to
-release the 1st Battalion Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians) for
-service elsewhere. This Battalion was brought to a high state of
-efficiency and formed the greater part of the Garrison in the Fortress
-at Halifax. It was, however, disbanded shortly after being relieved by
-an Imperial Regiment, the 5th Battalion Royal Garrison Regiment, in
-September, 1902.
-
-In 1902 the name of the Regiment was once again changed, becoming known
-by its present distinctive title of “The Royal Canadian Regiment.”
-
-In 1904, a special banner, given by His Majesty King Edward VII to
-commemorate the Regiment’s services in South Africa, was presented at
-Ottawa on October 4th by His Excellency the Governor-General, Lord
-Minto.
-
-Imperial troops having been withdrawn and the defence of Canada taken
-over by local troops, the Regiment moved to Halifax, the establishment
-being raised to ten companies.
-
-On the outbreak of the European War in August, 1914, the Regiment was
-mobilized at Halifax, occupying the various forts. It was brought up to
-war strength by a draft of four hundred volunteers, men from the newly
-formed Camp at Valcartier, for the Expeditionary Force then being
-raised. Being trained regular troops, and the only ones available for
-service Overseas, the Regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel A.
-O. Fages, was sent to Bermuda on September 9th to relieve the 2nd
-Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment, and were the first Canadian troops to
-go abroad. In August of the following year, the Regiment having been
-relieved by the 38th Battalion, C.E.F., proceeded, under the command of
-Lieut.-Colonel Carpenter, to France, via England, where it was rearmed
-and re-equipped. It landed at Boulogne, under the command of Lieut.-Col.
-A. H. Macdonell, D.S.O., on October 31st, and on moving up the line
-immediately became Corps Troops to the Canadian Corps under
-Lieut.-General Sir A. E. H. Alderson, K.C.B. It went into the trenches
-for the first time with the First Canadian Division, opposite Messines.
-
-At the beginning of 1916 it was one of the Battalions composing the 7th
-Canadian Infantry Brigade under Brigadier-General A. C. Macdonell,
-C.M.G., D.S.O., of the newly formed 3rd Canadian Division, under
-Major-General Mercer, C.B. The Brigade consisted of the Royal Canadian
-Regiment, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, 42nd Battalion
-(Royal Highlanders of Canada) and 49th Battalion (Edmonton Regiment),
-and, later, the 7th Canadian Machine Gun Company. The Regiment went into
-the line with the Brigade at Wulvergham, moving afterward to Kemmel and
-then to Ypres.
-
-The Regiment’s first general action was that of the German attack on
-June 2nd to June 5th on Sanctuary Wood and Hooge, in the Ypres Salient.
-Here the Regiment, under Lieut.-Col. C. H. Hill, distinguished itself by
-its steadiness under the heaviest concentration of hostile artillery and
-trench mortar fire which up to that date had ever been brought to bear
-on British troops. By its rifle and machine gun fire the attempted
-infantry assaults against its lines were frustrated, and it was
-virtually the action of the machine guns, assisted by the 7th Canadian
-Machine Gun Company, that prevented a great disaster to the whole Ypres
-Salient. These guns had been unable to get away after being relieved on
-account of dawn breaking. On June 5th the Germans blew up three very
-large mines at Hooge, annihilating the Garrison. The guns, which were
-some distance in the rear, immediately mounted, fully exposed, on the
-Menin Road, and by their coolly directed fire threw back the German
-Infantry, thus preventing them from swamping our line and outflanking it
-both north and south on the Menin Road. The action of June 2nd to 5th
-exemplified the value of long training. The older men who had been in
-the Regiment for years, and who were considered as almost past their
-day, came to the fore wonderfully by their steadiness and discipline.
-This was shown particularly when during the hostile infantry attacks and
-intense shelling they remained cool and steady and withheld their fire,
-only letting forth their perfect deluge of bullets when a good target
-appeared. This encouraged and gave added confidence to the younger men.
-It was certainly the old soldier’s day.
-
-Between June and August some extremely gallant trench raids and
-expeditions were carried out by the Regiment. One raid carried out was
-discovered by the enemy before starting, and came under intense fire
-from rifles, bombs and machine guns at close quarters. In spite of this
-the party rushed forward and inflicted heavy losses upon the enemy, but
-every man except one was wounded. Two officers and some men came out
-into the open and worked for two hours under fire collecting and
-bringing in the wounded.
-
-In September the Regiment moved south with the Canadian Corps under
-Lieut.-General Sir Julian H. G. Byng, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., M.V.O., to the
-Somme, where until November they took part in very severe fighting at
-Courcellette, Regina Trench, and elsewhere.
-
-The Battalion performed a very difficult feat on September 15th, when it
-came up from reserve and occupied a line just after dusk over absolutely
-strange ground, made unrecognizable by shell fire, and in so doing was
-obliged to change front twice. They occupied their position on time.
-Again, on September 16th, two Companies went forward to attack an enemy
-trench over open ground, in full view of the enemy, in face of deadly
-rifle and machine gun fire, starting at a distance of over 800 yards and
-being practically wiped out when less than 50 yards from the enemy’s
-trench.
-
-On October 8th, at Regina Trench, the R.C.R. and one other Battalion
-were the only Canadian Battalions to capture and for the time hold
-objectives. There by its gallantry and determination the Battalion held
-on throughout the day outflanked and unsupported. A Battalion of German
-Marines was threatening the left, which necessitated a change of front.
-This was successfully accomplished. The enemy charged the position on
-three separate occasions, but were driven back with heavy loss each
-time. This, however, was accomplished only by heavy loss to the
-Battalion, for, when relieved, it mustered only one officer and
-eighty-one other ranks; in one Company only five men remained.
-
-On leaving the Somme area the Regiment was so depleted that it was
-obliged to reorganize. The fighting had been of the bitterest
-hand-to-hand kind.
-
-The following order was published on leaving the area:
-
-  “7th Canadian Infantry Brigade.
-
-  “This Brigade has just finished a series of operations of which
-  every member may be justly proud.
-
-  “The performance of the 15th September, 1916, when the R.C.R.
-  P.P.C.L.I., 42nd and 49th Battalions, went into an unknown area on
-  four and a half hours’ notice, in broad daylight, and under heavy
-  shelling, reached and jumped off on time, not from prepared assembly
-  trenches, but from a battered trench captured that morning, and,
-  changing direction twice, captured and held three different
-  objectives, together with some three hundred prisoners, has been
-  characterized as one of the finest accomplishments by any Brigade in
-  the war.
-
-  “No one as time goes on can fail to be more and more impressed with
-  the extent to which each arm of the military machine is dependent
-  upon others for ultimate and lasting success; a Brigade may do
-  better than ever before, and still fail to gain their objective,
-  owing to another arm not having fully accomplished its task.
-
-  “The attack on September 16th, 1916, adds to, rather than dims, the
-  glory. Both the R.C.R. and the 42nd Battalion (R.H.C.) knew the
-  barrage had failed, that the Zollern Trench was fully manned, and
-  that the chances of success were slight. Notwithstanding, the
-  attacking companies of these Battalions did their duty, knowing that
-  the attack of the 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade, timed for 6.30
-  p.m., depended entirely on their capturing their objective. They
-  thrust the attack home gallantly and well, but, under the
-  circumstances, with the odds so heavily against them, it was
-  impossible to make good the Zollern Trench.
-
-  “On the 8th October, 1916, Regina Trench was not battered in nor the
-  wire cut, but we all have good reason to be proud of the performance
-  of our Battalions that day—the R.C.R. and 49th Battalion for their
-  attack, the P.P.C.L.I. for their good work in the vacated front
-  line, and the 42nd Battalion (R.H.C.) for cheerfully going in again
-  to take over the defence of the line, although they had been
-  withdrawn a few hours before and were desperately tired. The Machine
-  Gun Company also comes in for its share of the well-earned praise
-  for its excellent barrage work and support of the Infantry.
-
-  “We all feel particularly proud of the splendid work of the R.C.R.
-  in driving through to their objective and holding it so long against
-  odds. No one could have done better and few so well.
-
-                     “A. C. MACDONELL, Brig.-Gen.,
-                               “Comd’g. 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade.
-
-  “15–10–16.”
-
-In November the Battalion moved north again to Neuville St. Vaast,
-nothing of much importance happening with the exception of raids. These
-commenced after Christmas and became almost a daily occurrence. Daring
-deeds of all degrees were performed by all ranks, with the result that
-the Battalion was morally and actually master of the situation and owned
-“No Man’s Land.”
-
-On April 9, 1917, the Battle of Vimy Ridge commenced. This was one of
-the most perfectly planned actions that has ever occurred. Every man
-knew exactly what he had to do and how to do it, and where he was to go.
-The strong ridge which the Germans had held and fortified to the best of
-their ability fell into our hands with comparative ease. Many trophies
-were captured by the Regiment, and all their objectives were taken
-without any delay or hitch of any kind. This was accomplished in bitter
-weather and mud knee deep; the ground captured was held intact in spite
-of the furious and continued attacks launched by the enemy to wrest our
-gains from us.
-
-After Vimy the Regiment took part in the following major actions:—Avion,
-June, 1917; Hill 70, July, 1917; Passchendaele, October and November,
-1917 (in the latter period eleven hostile attacks were successfully
-repelled); Amiens, 1918, where the Regiment was on the extreme right
-successfully operating with the French; Monchy, August, 1918; Cambrai,
-where Lieut. M. F. Gregg won his V.C.; Forêt de Raisines, Valenciennes;
-and last, but not least, the dramatic capture of the world famous Mons.
-The credit for the first to enter Mons has been claimed by the 42nd
-Battalion. This is a moot point, and is probably due to the fact that a
-Company of the Royal Canadian Regiment was detached to the 42nd and
-entered the City from the S.E. The indubitable fact remains that Lieut.
-W. M. King of the R.C.R. was the first to reach the square, where he was
-received by the Mayor at the Town Hall with his platoon, and where he
-signed the Golden Book of Mons, which was given by King Albert to the
-City on his departure in 1914.
-
-The Regiment returned to Canada and the C.E.F. personnel was demobilized
-at Halifax on 10th March, 1919.
-
-The following distinctions and awards were gained by the Regiment in the
-war of 1914–18:—
-
-                    V.C.                          1
-                    G.B.E.                        1
-                    C.M.G.                        4
-                    C.B.E.                        1
-                    D.S.O.                       11
-                    O.B.E.                        5
-                    M.C.                         37
-                    Bar to M.C.                   5
-                    D.F.C.                        1
-                    D.C.M.                       24
-                    Bar to D.C.M.                 1
-                    M.M.                        128
-                    Bar to M.M.                  10
-                    M.S.M.                       10
-                    Foreign Decorations.         15
-                    Mentions.                    35
-                    Commissions from the ranks:
-                      Lieut.-Colonel.             1
-                      Major.                      5
-                      Captain.                   14
-                      Lieutenant.                28
-                      2nd Lieutenant.             4
-
-
-
-
-                               CHAPTER X.
-                      _THE 17th BATTALION, C.E.F._
-
-
-When war clouds lowered on the European horizon in July, 1914, it would
-have been strange had the men of Pictou County, Nova Scotia, not been
-among the first to recognize their duty to civilization and the Empire.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. STRUAN G. ROBERTSON.]
-
-On July 31, 1914, the officer commanding the 78th Regiment Pictou
-Highlanders wired the then Minister of Militia of Canada that his
-Regiment was ready for service, and received a reply, dated August 1,
-1914, expressing the Minister’s thanks for the patriotic offer. On
-August 8th orders were received by wire from the Adjutant-General,
-Ottawa, as follows: “It is notified for information that not more than
-125 men with officers will be accepted from each rural Regiment.” This
-order limited volunteering in Nova Scotian rural corps at once to that
-number.
-
-On August 20, 1914, 135 officers, non-commissioned officers and other
-ranks left New Glasgow for Valcartier, being joined at Truro by a full
-quota of officers, non-commissioned officers and other ranks of the 76th
-Colchester Rifles and small detachments of the 63rd and 66th Halifax
-Regiments, a Company from the 75th Lunenburg Regiment under
-Lieut.-Colonel Andrews, and one from 69th. Passing through Cumberland
-County the Nova Scotian contingent was further augmented by a roll of
-officers, non-commissioned officers and men, up to the strength
-authorized, from the 93rd Cumberland Regiment, with their O.C.,
-Lieut.-Colonel Murray, making in all a total of some five hundred
-officers, non-commissioned officers and other ranks.
-
-Had each of the seven Nova Scotia Regiments of Militia been able to send
-the number authorized the contingent would have been little short of
-strength as a Regiment. Ottawa had apparently overlooked the fact that
-both the Halifax Regiments and the 94th of Cape Breton were on garrison
-duty, making it difficult for them to recruit beyond their then
-imperative needs or part with the number required.
-
-It was then proposed by the officers on board the troop train that steps
-be taken to form a Nova Scotian Battalion, so that all might serve
-together. The three senior officers of the contingent, Lieut.-Colonels
-Andrews, Cameron and Murray asked Lieut.-Col. S. G. Robertson to
-undertake the organization and ask that he be given command. Although he
-had specialized as far as possible in Staff work and felt his services
-would be of more value in that line than in Regimental duty, the request
-was difficult of refusal and the proposal was accepted.
-
-From the time of arrival in Valcartier the Nova Scotians remained
-together until a wire was received from the Minister authorizing the
-organization of the Battalion. Unfortunately an excessive advertising of
-the Unit by a too friendly press in Halifax aroused Provincial
-jealousies and no doubt made fulfilment of the authorization difficult.
-It undoubtedly made it appear to outsiders that the Nova Scotian
-officers were doing a lot of advertising, an opinion that was far from
-the truth. Time dragged on; a few officers and men losing heart joined
-other Battalions; but their number was small and all had the best
-reasons for doing so. In most cases it meant promotion.
-
-Shortly before the day of sailing, the raising of two new Units was
-authorized by Headquarters, to be numbered the 17th and 18th Battalions;
-and the personnel of the officers was published, which included one, if
-not two, of the senior Nova Scotian officers. Recruiting, however,
-showed that there were no available rank and file apart from the Nova
-Scotians, who, however, absolutely refused to join without their own
-officers. As all prospect of a Nova Scotian Battalion seemed to have
-vanished, therefore in order to get the men to join one of the new
-Units, after consultation with the men Lieut.-Colonel Robertson offered
-his services as Paymaster in that Unit.
-
-Hardly had his services been accepted by the Officer Commanding than the
-Premier arrived in Camp and called a meeting of the Nova Scotian
-officers for the following morning. At the meeting two proposals were
-made to the officers, who were asked to consider them and report their
-decision at a later hour. The proposals were to go then as a half
-Battalion or remain behind to be properly organized and sail later. The
-meeting of officers decided without dissent that to remain until
-properly organized was the only course open, in view of the shortness of
-time and lack of so much that was necessary.
-
-On this report being made to the Premier he stated that it had been
-decided to send us as a Battalion with the First Contingent, to allow us
-to recruit as far as possible and if necessary to send drafts later to
-complete our establishment. The colors of the Battalion were then
-presented by Lady Borden, with appropriate ceremony.
-
-Within three days sufficient men had been recruited in Cape Breton,
-Pictou, Colchester and Cumberland Counties practically to complete the
-strength of a Regiment.
-
-The Premier was no longer in Camp, and transport was refused. Possibly,
-the momentarily expected sailing of the First Contingent made it
-impractical, and the Battalion sailed from Quebec on September 30, 1914,
-with a full strength of officers and non-commissioned officers and 773
-other ranks, unbrigaded under strength and under-equipped, but with
-hearts burning with loyalty, on board the _S.S. Ruthenia_.
-
-Just one hundred and twenty-nine years before the ancestors of many of
-these men had been disbanded from the 82nd Highlanders in Halifax and
-given grants of land comprising 20,000 acres in Pictou County. The
-Regiment had been raised in Perthshire by Col. Alexander Robertson of
-Struan, then Chief of Clan Donnachie, and was commanded by him. Now
-commanded by one of the same race and family they were returning to do
-their part in the world’s tragedy.
-
-The nominal roll of officers was as follows: Lieut.-Col. Struan G.
-Robertson; Majors, Daniel D. Cameron and Daniel Murray; Adjutant, Capt.
-Charles E. Bent; Asst.-Adjutant, Lieut. L. Ray Cutten.
-
-Captains: W. H. Allen, L. C. Bentley, W. B. Coulter, Alex. Watson, D. C.
-Sheppard, W. Forbes, Thos. Curwen Reid.
-
-Lieutenants: G. W. Harris, F. M. Bentley, F. M. McDonald, J. E.
-Christie, E. W. Mingo, C. J. Groggett, J. M. Gillis, Bruce Donald, A. N.
-Peerless, R. E. Russell, G. A. Ross, G. E. C. Eager, Norman McKee, J. R.
-Bell, Alister Fraser, Arthur Hunt Chute, B. J. Walker, A. Marlow.
-
-Paymaster, Hon. Capt. Arthur McKay; Quartermaster, Hon. Capt. Robert
-McMeekin; Medical Officer, Capt. H. Morrell; Chaplain, Paul Goforth;
-Transport Officer, C. Hamilton Catty.
-
-For five months the Battalion saw service on Salisbury Plain as a Unit.
-No drafts arrived to bring the Battalion up to strength, but it was
-attached to one Brigade after another. Some one has said that the ardor
-of the Highlander springs from internal sentiment, and that the only
-thing his spirit cannot brook is disappointment.
-
-It has ever been seemingly fated that governments failed to appreciate
-this characteristic of Scottish soldiers. Broken faith, real or
-supposed, caused rebellion in even the Black Watch in 1743. In 1795,
-when it was proposed to break up the Cameron Highlanders by drafting,
-their Colonel told the Duke of York, then O. in C., “To draft the 79th
-is more than you or your Royal father dare do!” The Duke of York
-replied: “The King, my father, will certainly send the Regiment to the
-West Indies.” Colonel Cameron thereupon losing his temper warmly
-rejoined: “You may tell the King, your father, from me, that he may send
-us to h—l if he likes, and Ell go at the head of them, but he daurna
-draft us.”
-
-Attempts were made to draft the men of the 17th but as they had been
-enlisted over three months the Army Act made such procedure illegal,
-unless voluntary, and the protest of the Officer Commanding, after
-threatened proceedings, was effectual.
-
-Four Battalions of the First Canadian Contingent, including the 17th,
-were then made into Reserve Battalions, and the non-commissioned
-officers and other ranks were drafted into the First Division to make up
-for the wastage suffered during its sojourn on Salisbury Plain, which
-then through sickness, desertion and the obtaining of commissions in the
-Imperial Forces was equivalent to about ten per cent. of the original
-total strength of the First Contingent.
-
-As a Reserve Battalion the 17th served throughout the War and
-practically all Nova Scotian Infantry Drafts passed at one time or
-another through its ranks. From it were drawn the drafts for the
-Highland Brigade 1st Division, and latterly those for Nova Scotia
-Infantry Units in the Field. As a Reserve it outlived many of its
-enemies.
-
-Of the gallant hearts that left Nova Scotia in August, 1914, many have
-paid the price and sleep their last sleep on alien soil.
-
-                  “And, when the last Great Bugle Call
-                    _O’er Vimy sounding, throbs_,
-                  When the last grim joke is entered
-                    In the big black book of Jobs,
-                  _And Belgic battlefields give up_
-                    Their victims to the air,
-                  I shouldn’t like to be the man
-                    _That played those men unfair_.”
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XI.
-                         _THE 25th BATTALION._
-
-
-                       BY CAPT. G. C. M‘ELHENNY.
-
-In endeavoring to write this brief account of the organization, training
-and operations of the first Battalion of Nova Scotians to be raised and
-equipped in their own Province and also the first from these “the
-sea-girt hills and vales,” which have contributed more than their quota
-of soldiers, sailors, statesmen, educators and men of affairs in the
-past, to man the trenches in France and Flanders, the writer regrets and
-wishes it understood that he is not writing from personal observations,
-inasmuch as (and this is what he regrets) he was not a member of the
-25th Battalion until the spring of 1917. The substance, then, of the
-following is compiled from the War Diary of the 25th Canadian Infantry
-Battalion, and is submitted to the publishers of this volume at their
-request and with the fullest appreciation of the writer’s inability to
-do justice to the task of chronicling four and a half years of any
-Battalion’s history, least of all the splendid story of the indomitable
-courage and tenacious striving toward an ideal which were the
-predominant features of this, in several respects, an unique Battalion
-in the Canadian Corps.
-
-There are many omissions in the following narrative which the writer
-regrets are imperative in order to make it of sufficient brevity to
-allow of its publication in this volume. The nominal roll of officers is
-as issued by the Department of Militia and Defence on the Battalion’s
-sailing from Halifax on May 20, 1915. The summary of decorations awarded
-was provided by the Adjutant-General, Canadian Militia, Ottawa, and does
-not include the medals won by General Hilliam, C.B., and several other
-officers and some other ranks when with Units other than the 25th
-Battalion.
-
-It will be interesting to note in the list of original 2nd Division
-officers who marched across the Rhine at Bonn on December 13, 1918, that
-only two were commissioned officers on September 15, 1915. They are
-Major A. W. P. Weston and Lieut. G. M. McNeil, M.C. There were
-ninety-six other ranks with the Battalion on both the above-mentioned
-dates.
-
-In the narrative there are many points on which the writer would like to
-dilate at some length—more especially on some of the deeds of heroism in
-the different actions. Of these deeds, practically in the earlier days
-(1915 and 1916), more went unrecognized outside the Battalion than the
-sum of all the decorations won by the Battalion. To mention more than
-the few that fit into the narrative is obviously not feasible.
-
-One thing that cheered the 25th Battalion through all their long service
-in France was the pipe band under Pipe-Major Carson. Major J. W. Logan
-was responsible for the organization and equipment of this fine band.
-There was nothing better in the armies in France.
-
-In pursuance of the Canadian Government’s scheme to raise a Second
-Division for service Overseas, Lieut.-Col. G. A. Lecain (69th Regiment),
-of Roundhill, Annapolis County, was authorized to mobilize the 25th
-Battalion, Canadian Infantry, in Nova Scotia (October, 1914).
-Lieut.-Colonel Lecain established headquarters at the Armories, Halifax,
-and opened recruiting offices in Sydney, Amherst, New Glasgow, Truro and
-Yarmouth. Recruiting commenced late in October, 1914. The official
-nominal roll of officers who received appointments to the Battalion is
-published here and to them is due the credit of the splendid
-organization and training which enabled these sons of New Scotland to
-rank second to none with the flower of the British Armies. Mention
-should also be made of the fine non-commissioned officers of the
-Battalion and those loaned by the Permanent Force, who attended to the
-details of training with most commendable zeal.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. G. A. LECAIN.]
-
-It should be remembered that this was Nova Scotia’s first attempt at
-recruiting and organizing a full Battalion for service in the Great War,
-and the facilities for the proper fulfilment of such a task were far
-from perfect. In view of this then Nova Scotians should be, and, I
-think, are, unanimous in their praise of Lieut.-Colonel Lecain and all
-ranks of his Battalion for his organizing and so quickly training a Unit
-which, though many times decimated and only a skeleton of a Battalion
-left, quickly and smoothly absorbed its reinforcements and carried on
-with renewed energy and greater deeds toward the high ideal of service
-for home and humanity.
-
-The writer has often had it suggested to him that it was a pity the
-deeds of the 25th Battalion were not better known by the people at home.
-The reply to such a suggestion, on behalf of the Battalion is this: The
-reputation of the 25th Battalion was safe in the hands of our comrades
-throughout the Canadian Corps, and our exploits in raiding were the
-marvel of two armies. These exploits and deeds with their inevitable
-accompaniment of blood and death were not fit subjects to press-agent
-into the already overwrought family circles, which were possibly in
-receipt of one of those missiles of despair and death—an “official
-telegram from Ottawa.” We gloried in the encomiums of the Brigade,
-Divisional, Corps and Army Commanders, and still more in the hearty
-praise of our comrades in the “Y” or the canteens or estaminets. But no
-one thought of sending an account home. And why? Well, there were a good
-many Bills, and Jocks, and Toms and so on, who “went west” in that
-scrap. And what’s the use of making it realistic to Mary and Nora and
-Bessie? “No, Pard, we would rather not.”
-
-And there we will leave it and endeavor to adhere to a resolution to
-make this brief sketch statistically correct.
-
-Before Christmas Day, 1914, the Battalion was at full strength and had
-the authorized ten per cent. reserve in training in the Armories at
-Halifax and later on the Common. In April the people of Nova Scotia
-presented the Battalion with two fine field kitchens and $2,500, the
-ceremony taking place at the Provincial Building, in front of the whole
-Battalion on parade and a vast concourse of people.
-
-As evidence of the fine spirit which animated the whole Battalion
-the-following is copied from the official War Diary: “A University
-Reinforcement Company of the P.P.C.L.I. arrived in the city to embark
-for England, and the 25th Battalion was called on to supply seven men to
-bring it up to strength. The Battalion was formed up on the Common and
-an invitation extended for any who wished to go Overseas at once in this
-draft to take one pace forward. The whole Battalion, to a man, stepped
-forward making it necessary to search the records and select seven
-ex-imperial service men. Privates Aldridge, Baker, Conroy, Cumberland,
-Erickson, Kehoe and Leonard were selected.”
-
-On sailing for England aboard _H.M.T.S. Saxonia_ (Captain Charles, R.N.)
-on May 20, 1915, Haligonians and many from other points in the Province
-witnessed many a moving spectacle as bright countenances fought the
-dimming influence of heavy hearts as they wished the boys of the 25th
-Godspeed on their journey, and victory in the fight; leaving their safe
-return or immortalization in the hands of the Creator who deals justly
-and well in all things. With the 25th Battalion on board the _Saxonia_
-were those gallant sons of Quebec, the 22nd Battalion. No account of the
-doings of the 25th Battalion could do justice to its purpose without
-paying tribute to those noble French-Canadians who were continually
-associated with the 25th Battalion from embarkation at Halifax on May
-20, 1915, to debarkation at the same port on May 16, 1919. Surely there
-is a lesson for our politicians and religious bigots in the close
-co-operation which marked the attitude of these two Battalions toward
-each other throughout the period of their association. Our brave
-comrades of the 22nd Battalion showed us that the French-Canadian was
-not only generous in sympathy but quick to collaborate with his fellow
-Canadians of British descent on the broad principle of national welfare.
-In battle, in sports, or in argument over the estaminet tables, proof of
-the whole-hearted camaraderie between the 22nd and 25th Battalions was
-daily evident and fostered by both Units.
-
-The _Saxonia_ docked at Devonport on May 29, 1915, and her valuable
-human cargo took trains for Westenhanger, in Kent County, where they
-detrained in the middle of the night and marched to East Sandling Camp,
-in the Shorncliffe area, to which the 2nd Canadian Division had been
-assigned for the period of their intensive training.
-
-While this training was being carried out the Battalion took part in
-Divisional Reviews by H.M. the King, Earl Kitchener, Lieut-General Sir
-Sam Hughes and General Steele, as well as one in honor of the visit to
-the area by the Premier of Canada, Sir Robert Borden, and Brigade and
-Training Inspectors. The 25th Battalion was now a Unit of the 5th
-(Eastern Canada) Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division, which consisted of four
-Battalions and details (22nd, 24th, 25th and 26th) drawn from Quebec,
-Montreal, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The Brigade Commander was
-Lieut.-Colonel (now Major-General) Sir David Watson, and Major-General
-R. W. Turner, V.C., was Divisional Commander.
-
-After three and a half months of eight hours’ training per day, with
-four hours of practice in night operations’ frequently, the 2nd Division
-was ordered to France. The 25th Battalion proceeded by boat from
-Folkestone to Boulogne on the night of September 15, 1915, and by train
-on the following day from Pont de Brieques, a few kilometres from
-Boulogne, to a small station near St. Omer. From here to the front line
-was the first real test of the Battalion’s _morale_ and physical
-condition. Marching for five days with new (Kitchener’s) boots over
-French and Belgian cobblestone roads, the Battalion relieved the King’s
-Own Regiment on the night of the 22nd–23rd of September, 1915, the first
-Nova Scotia Battalion to face the Hun as a Unit. And not a man had
-dropped out in the gruelling grind of the last four days. The writer has
-been told, unofficially, that this was a record for the Division, and
-though it has never been confirmed, neither has it been denied.
-
-The first few tours in the front lines were spent in the H and I
-trenches, Kemmel Sector of the Ypres Salient, where the Hun was very
-active in mining operations. During the Battalion’s second tour, which
-extended over six days, Fritz blew one large and three smaller mines on
-“B” Company, which killed twelve and wounded twenty, leaving a crater 65
-feet by 35 feet and 25 feet deep. This resulted in no advantage to the
-enemy, inasmuch as the charge was situated so that it must have done
-considerable damage to his trenches, and the crater was promptly
-garrisoned by Nova Scotians.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  BRIG.-GEN. E. HILLIAM, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O.]
-
-Late in October, 1915, Major E. Hilliam, a 1st Division officer,
-succeeded Lieut.-Colonel Lecain in command of the Battalion; and, under
-his soldierly guidance, the 25th began to make the Bosche sit up and
-notice his surroundings. Under Major (as O.C., Lieut.-Colonel) Hilliam’s
-guidance the Battalion became expert in the little tricks which worried
-the enemy and made trench life more interesting. Notable among the many
-episodes which added spice to the daily routine was a raid on the Hun
-trenches by Lieutenant (now Lieut.-Colonel) Wise, and the stalking of a
-German patrol in No Man’s Land by Corporal (now Captain) “Ernie”
-Canning, which resulted in the capture of one of their number and the
-gaining of much information. The small garrison of thirty-five 25th
-Battalion men, under Lieutenants Morgan, Johnstone and McNeil, holding
-Nos. 1 and 4 craters at St. Eloi in April, 1915, gave the attacking
-company of Huns a sample of the unbeatable stuff they are made of.
-
-In April the 25th Battalion took over the line at St. Eloi where they
-remained about six weeks. This was beyond a doubt the most trying
-experience which the Battalion had to that time or has since been called
-upon to endure. There were no front line trenches. Five mine craters had
-to be occupied, since the front line trenches were all destroyed, and
-the men had to occupy most exposed positions. Every hole and every
-remnant remaining of a trench were used as the only possible cover, and
-mud, muck and water prevailed. Under continually heavy and harrowing
-fire and attacks the Battalion endured, though at the price of the loss
-of hundreds of its personnel. The German artillery fire in the Ypres
-Salient was the heaviest of the War. With enemy artillery on three
-sides, the situation may better be imagined than described. One crater
-that was occupied by the Battalion was attacked no less than five times
-between dusk and dawn in one night alone, but the crater was held. When
-the garrison was relieved there were not enough men left to bring out
-the wounded and a relief party had to be sent in for that purpose. On
-this front all intercommunication was impossible and isolated parties
-held the lines. The Battalion was highly commended by the higher command
-for their excellent work on this front.
-
-The Battalion spent 339 days on the Belgian Front, of which 164 days
-were spent in actual front line trenches. Many good officers and men
-were killed or wounded. Among the former was Lieutenant Douglas, who was
-killed while fighting with the 6th (Western) Brigade in the craters of
-St. Eloi. Lieutenant Douglas was Battalion Machine Gun Officer and had
-been loaned with the machine gun section to the 6th Brigade during the
-furious onslaughts which the Hun was making on the craters. The men with
-Lieutenant Douglas were all killed excepting five who were captured.
-
-Besides the Kemmel and St. Eloi Sectors, the 25th Battalion were engaged
-at Vierstraat, Ploegsteerte, Hill 60, Hooge and Messines. And it was
-here, also, that the Battalion obtained “Robert the Bruce,” mascot and
-veteran of three years’ service in the land of his birth. It would be
-hard for one to see the immense, sleek goat now on the farm of Major
-Matheson at Baddeck and endeavor to imagine the same animal, two weeks
-old, hardly bigger than a cat, feeding from a bottle in the hands of
-Pipe-Major Carson in the kitchen of the band’s billet in Locre. But they
-are one and the same animal. The members of the band bought him from the
-“Madame” of the house for two francs (40c.), and trained him to “swank”
-in front of the pipe band, eat cigarettes, drink beer, and demand his
-blanket at “lights out.” He added many other traits and tricks to his
-repertoire before the Battalion was disbanded, and many a would-be
-possessor of our mascot has felt the force of his “butt” sufficiently to
-make them all leave “Robert the Bruce” strictly to his own Battalion.
-
-The 25th Battalion played a leading part in the assault at Courcellette
-on September 15, 1916. The whole Corps welcomed the relief from the
-ground-hog tactics of the fray in Belgium and looked forward with keen
-anticipation to their participation in open warfare tactics on the Somme
-in Picardy.
-
-The troops marched a good portion of the long distance from Hazebrouck
-to Albert. The 25th Battalion spent a few days on the way in rehearsing
-practices in formations for advancing and assaulting and arrived in the
-brickfields of Albert where the whole Division and units of the 1st and
-3rd Divisions were massed under tarpaulins and corrugated iron, a few
-days in advance of September 15, 1916.
-
-The plan of attack on the immediate front of Courcellette was for the
-4th (Ontario) Brigade to open the attack on the morning of the fifteenth
-(15th) and clear the ground in front of Courcellette and on the
-sixteenth (16th) the 5th Brigade would carry on the attack into the
-town. The 4th Brigade had their objectives cleared and consolidated so
-early in the day that the Divisional Commander decided to put the 5th
-Brigade over the top at 6 o’clock in the afternoon. Brig.-General
-MacDonnell (5th Brigade) divided the town evenly, pointed out the
-objectives to Lieut.-Colonel Tremblay (22nd Battalion) and
-Lieut.-Colonel Hilliam, explained that the other two Battalions would be
-in support and reserve and sent the Quebecers and Nova Scotians to it.
-Both Battalions were led in person by their commanding officers, who set
-a fine example of leadership and courage to officers and men. The 25th
-and 22nd Battalions established their line well to the east of the
-ruined town and maintained their positions in the face of fierce
-counter-attacks until relieved a few days later.
-
-This operation, brilliant as it was in execution, cost the Battalion
-some of its most capable officers and men. Lieut.-Colonel Hilliam was
-wounded in the hand, but refused to leave the line until his Battalion
-was relieved. He was in evidence everywhere throughout the attack with
-his long stick cheering his men and by his energy and daring urging them
-to their best endeavors. In his report to the G.O.C., 5th Brigade, he
-praised the work of officers and men very highly, and closed with the
-words, “General, I have the honor of commanding the finest body of men I
-have ever seen.”
-
-Three Company Commanders, Major Tupper (“A” Company), Major Brooks (“D”
-Company), and Capt. John Stairs (“C” Company), were killed, and the O.C.
-“B” Company, Major Flowers, was severely wounded. The Adjutant, Captain
-Dicky, Lieutenants Hobkirk, Howson, Craig and Doane were killed. The
-wounded included Capt. J. D. McNeil, Major Nutter, Lieutenants Wetmore,
-Ryan, DeYoung and Dennis Stairs.
-
-Before I pass from the doings of the Battalion on the Somme, it is
-necessary, in order to do justice to the narrative, to record the loss
-of one of the bravest and most capable officers of the Battalion and one
-who gave great promise as a fearless and resourceful fighter for high
-ideals. I refer to Lieut. L. H. Johnstone, who led the 25th Battalion in
-the fruitless and bloody attack on Regina Trench, October 1st, 1916.
-While gallantly leading those men into a veritable hell of machine gun
-and shell fire, the “Iron Duke,” as he was nicknamed by the gallant men
-he was leading, fell to rise no more.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. L. H. JOHNSTONE.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR J. H. TUPPER.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. CHAS. H. HOBKIRK.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. C. E. HOWSON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. FRASER CRAIG.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. W. E. E. DOANE.]
-
-When the Battalion finally moved from the Somme area to be reinforced
-and recuperated there were less than one hundred of the original
-crusaders who marched so gaily from Flanders less than one month
-previously. Though they had received a hard drubbing they made the old
-nickname of “Herring-choker” one to be respected as long as memory lives
-and histories are written. Theirs was not the attitude of the torn and
-mangled dog with its tail between its legs. With reinforcements, which
-arrived while the remnants of the Battalion rested a few days at
-Bertrincourt, near Albert, they were transported to Hersin, and
-immediately went into the line at Bully-Grenay, on the Lens Front,
-where, with a pugnacity which is typical of the breed, they stirred up a
-quiet sector until it became the most frequently raided and most heavily
-shelled of their experience.
-
-The first raid on this front, and one of the most successful, was the
-enterprise, on Christmas Eve, 1916, directed by Capt. W. A. Cameron and
-carried out by an officer and twenty men from each Company. The
-objective took in a point in the enemy lines known as the “Pope’s Nose,”
-owing to the peculiar twist in the trench which brought it to within
-fifteen yards of our line. Each party was successful in gaining entrance
-to the Hun trenches. In fact, two of the parties encountered no
-opposition, for Fritz had fled for cover. But the party from “D”
-Company, under Lieut. (now Capt.) W. A. Livingstone, found their
-objective strongly manned and the men were able to get in some splendid
-bayonet and Mills bomb work. They saved seven specimens of German Kultur
-to tell our Intelligence Staff what they knew about the situation on the
-other side of No Man’s Land.
-
-Captain Cameron, Lieutenants Livingstone and Morris received Military
-Crosses in recognition of their energy and personal gallantry in the
-above affair.
-
-Lieut.-Colonel Hilliam, D.S.O., was promoted to the rank of
-Brigadier-General and appointed to the command of the 10th Infantry
-Brigade, 4th Canadian Division, in January, 1917. The Battalion at
-having their C.O. selected for a higher command recognized that no
-promotion in the Allied Forces was more deserved; but regret at the
-Battalion’s loss was expressed by all ranks. The effects of his
-soldierly training and administration of the Battalion remained with
-them throughout the War.
-
-In the attack on Vimy Ridge, Easter Monday, April 9, 1917, the 25th
-Battalion was led by Major J. A. Delancey, M.C., until that brave
-officer was killed, after which Major (now Colonel) A. O. Blois, of
-Halifax (who had enlisted as a private in the 40th Battalion, been
-appointed to a commission in the 64th Battalion, transferred a subaltern
-to the 25th Battalion and had progressed at that date through the
-Adjutancy of the Battalion to the rank of Major), took command, and
-organized and consolidated the objectives which had all been secured by
-ten o’clock and were extended later in the day.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. HALLISEY.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. J. H. WALLACE.]
-
-Two of the Battalion pipers played the boys over the top that wintry
-morning, and although the German band and our own artillery drowned the
-skirling notes of the pibroch, our lads were fired with the spirit which
-prompted these two noble musicians to volunteer and insist on
-accompanying the Battalion through the muck and mire, the death and
-destruction which was let loose on that fateful day. They were awarded
-Military Medals for their splendid example of self-sacrificing disregard
-for personal safety.
-
-Lieutenant Hallisey, of Truro, was killed while proceeding to the
-“jumping off” position. Several officers were wounded, and the
-casualties among the N.C.O.’s and men were very heavy. The death of
-R.S.M. “Dad” Henchcliffe, M.C., father of all the N.C.O.’s and men in
-the Battalion, was particularly regrettable; for he was a very efficient
-warrant officer and a friend to all.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. “STAN” BAULD.]
-
-Lieut.-Colonel Bauld commanded the Battalion at the taking of Fresnoy
-and Arleux late in February. While these were only local affairs and
-confined to a narrow front, they were the cause of some very severe
-casualties. “D” and “C” Companies suffered very severely at Arleux.
-Captain Weare, M.C., was severely shell-shocked, Lieutenants Bell and
-Wallace, two very promising young officers, were killed, and scores of
-our men caught in the wire, in the darkness, were literally shot to
-pieces.
-
-Shortly after this affair, two officers’ batmen from “C” Company went
-astray in the darkness with their officers’ rations and strayed into the
-enemy lines. Their whereabouts was a matter of conjecture until the
-publication of the roll of prisoners of war. In the thirty-eight months
-during which the 25th Battalion was in contact with the flower of the
-German War Lord’s Legions, only eight of our men were captured alive.
-The five machine-gunners have already been noted. They were detached
-from the Battalion at the time of their capture. The two mentioned above
-were the victims of a dark night and unfamiliar recently captured
-ground. The eighth man to be captured was taken on the Mericourt Sector
-early in 1918 during a raid by a party of three officers and ninety Huns
-on a thinly held portion of the sector. We also succeeded in capturing
-one of the raiding party who was unfortunate enough to get into our wire
-entanglements. A great deal of information was gleaned from the captive
-regarding the training and composition of the raiding party. The man who
-was captured by the enemy had only joined the Battalion a few days
-previously. So what information the German Intelligence Staff gleaned
-from him must have been purely family affairs.
-
-Early in July, 1917, Lieut.-Colonel Bauld obtained leave of absence to
-visit his home, and the command of the Battalion devolved on Major
-Blois, D.S.O., who commanded the 25th, until he in turn was granted
-leave to Canada in May, 1918.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. A. G. BLOIS, D.S.O.]
-
-The 25th Battalion played a glorious part in the Battle of Hill 70 on
-August 15, 1917. The boys went over the top from the shell-holes of No
-Man’s Land in front of Cité St. Laurent. “A” Company, in the first wave,
-secured the Hun front line. “B” Company was through them as soon as the
-creeping barrage permitted and clinched the support line, while “D”
-Company carried on to the limits of the town. The 24th Battalion then
-pushed on our positions 600 yards farther to the trench “Nun’s Alley.”
-Considering the amount of ground gained and the nature of the fighting,
-in ruined streets and over demolished buildings, the casualties were
-very light on the 15th. But the Hun artillery promptly laid down a
-barrage to cover his counter-attacks, which fell behind the front line
-and completely churned up the debris formerly known as Cité St. Laurent,
-where the 25th Battalion was endeavoring to establish a defensive
-position. The counter-attacks of the Bosche gradually weakened, and by
-the 18th had ceased; but his artillery strafing grew more intense as the
-days passed, causing many casualties.
-
-On the night of August 19–20, the 25th Battalion moved from their
-positions in Cité St. Laurent to the comparative peace and quiet of the
-front line. At daybreak the 6th Brigade on our immediate right were to
-attack and tighten the pressure already exercised on Lens. The Hun also
-divulged his reason for the systematic and furious shelling of our
-positions during the past six days when he launched an attack in force
-on the 6th Brigade and extending into our right (“D” Company’s front).
-The O.C. “D” Company, being in an advanced position and close to our own
-artillery barrage line, was ordered to place his men under cover, which
-he did, leaving only sentries at the entrances to shelters.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. OWEN C. DAUPHINEE.]
-
-Zero hour for the 6th Brigade’s and the German attack coincided and both
-were demoralized by the intensity of the artillery fire they encountered
-before the assembly positions could be cleared. The result was that
-neither the 6th Brigade nor the Prussians opposite them left their
-trenches. But the artillery was not so active on the Front of our “D”
-Company, with the result that the Huns were throwing grenades down on
-our dugout steps before our men realized that they were trapped.
-Lieutenant Dauphinee was killed in a gallant attempt to clear the
-entrance to the dugout in which the whole Company was sheltered. Captain
-W. A. Livingstone, M.C., O.C. “D” Company, managed to force his way out
-by another entrance, and with a Lewis Gun spitting .303 bullets from his
-shoulder, he managed to clear the trench of those who escaped his
-fusilade. But the trench was literally filled with corpses from the
-attacking hordes. Nor was the situation normal as yet. A party of Huns
-had got in on the right of our boundary, and Lieutenant Spurr and
-Sergeant Jordan, after expelling them, organized the survivors of the
-Company of a Western Battalion, who had lost all their officers and were
-in a precarious condition. The boys of “D” Company, reinforced by a
-platoon from “B” Company, which had been led up through the intense
-shelling by Lieutenant Bell, were busy all day repelling bombing parties
-which stubbornly attempted to force their way into our lines at the
-Battalion boundary-the junction of Nun’s Alley and Commotion Trenches.
-
-Captain Livingstone, whose work on this day merited the Victoria Cross,
-was severely wounded in the chest and collapsed immediately after he had
-cleared the Huns from his trenches, and Lieutenant Spurr commanded his
-company until relieved by a company of the Royal Canadian Regiment at
-night. Great credit is due Lieutenants Gibbons and Bell for their skill
-and judgment in rallying our boys and organizing the defences. The
-coolness of Sergeant Jordan saved the situation on the immediate right,
-when he rallied the overwrought survivors of the Western Battalion.
-Corporal Boudreau, Company Sergt.-Major Bragg, Corporal Veniot, and
-Sergt. “Dan” Fraser also distinguished themselves in inflicting
-punishment on the Hun and by their heroic conduct throughout the day.
-Company Sergt.-Major Bragg and Sergeant Jordan were awarded
-Distinguished Conduct Medals for their services on this occasion.
-Captain Livingstone, M.C., was awarded a bar, and Lieutenant Spurr, the
-Military Cross.
-
-At Passchendaele, on November 10, 1917, the 5th Infantry Brigade was
-given the post of honor as a successful assaulting Brigade. The 1st, 3rd
-and 4th Divisions and the 4th Brigade of the 2nd Division had been
-engaged in nibbling here and there at the Hun positions and had at
-length captured most of the Passchendaele Ridge. But the ruined town
-still remained in German hands. On the morning of the 6th November the
-26th Battalion attacked and captured the ruins to the eastern limits of
-the town and after holding their gains for four days the 5th Brigade was
-withdrawn from the Passchendaele Sector, and returned to Lens.
-
-The 2nd Canadian Division remained in the Lens-Mericourt Sectors until
-the latter part of February, 1918. The only notable occurrence, other
-than the loss of one man to the Huns, as previously noted, was the
-stealth raid led by Lieut. P. R. Phillips, of Barrington, assisted by a
-covering party under Lieut. Max MacRae, of Westville. The raiding party
-of only five crawled over the Lens-Arras Road and made their way among
-the battered houses of Lens to one of the buildings of Fosse 3 and
-destroyed a dugout full of “Heinies,” bringing the sentry who was on
-duty at the entrance into our lines. The prisoner proved to be a very
-observant chap and a great deal of information was gleaned from him.
-When questioned as to the great offensive which our Staff expected
-daily, he said no attack would be made on the Canadians. Fritz had
-probably had his fill of attacking Canucks when he broke his head on
-them in the First Battle of Ypres, at St. Eloi and the Barrier.
-
-The 2nd Division had completed ten days.of what was to be a months’ rest
-when the long-expected Hun offensive broke away south on the British
-right on March 21st. The 25th Battalion had only started their syllabus
-of training and recreation when they were ordered south. The northern
-limits of this effort of the Hun was marked by the southern boundary of
-the Canadian Corps’ front, and here the 2nd Division took over the
-completely disorganized line of the Imperial troops. The sector was
-known as the Mercatel-Neuville Vetasse Sector. Here the 25th Battalion
-was engaged three months in punishing the German Division opposite. Each
-period of six days spent in the front line was marked by a raid on the
-enemy outposts, and sometimes our boys penetrated three-quarters of a
-mile into the Hun lines. So completely terrorized was Fritz by the
-vigorous onslaughts which occurred almost nightly and several times in
-broad daylight that no resistance was offered in most cases, and at
-length the news was gleaned from some of the last prisoners that the
-whole Division had to be withdrawn for re-equipment.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. J. WISE, D.S.O., M.C., CROIX DE GUERRE.]
-
-The 25th Battalion established themselves as the “Master Raiders” of the
-Canadian Corps, and were called on for some officers and
-non-commissioned officers to instruct the famous Guards Division in the
-new and most effective art of keeping Fritz worried. Six of the raids
-conducted on this front were led by one officer, Lieut. (now Major) Max
-MacRae, every one of which netted prisoners, besides machine guns and
-documents. Among the other officers taking part in these raids were
-Captains Anderson and Holmes, Lieutenants Lounsbury, Hawes, Bell,
-Johnstone, Holly, Burchell, Spurr, and Wright. It was here that the
-Battalion established its record of successful raids and became known
-throughout the 1st and the 4th Armies as the “Raiding Battalion,”
-putting on about thirty raids in this sector.
-
-Lieut.-Colonel (now Colonel) Blois, D.S.O., was granted leave to Canada
-and handed the Battalion over to Major (now Lieut.-Colonel) Wise in May,
-1918.
-
-At the battle of Amiens, August 8, 1918, when the Canadian Corps was
-first launched into the grand offensive which broke the German morale
-and brought them begging for peace, the 25th Battalion was on the left
-of the Canadian Corps and in touch with the dashing Australian Corps on
-their left. The attack, like that of nearly two years previous at
-Courcellette, was made with the 4th Brigade taking Villers, Brettonneux,
-and Marcelcave on the Amiens-Roye Railway, and a considerable stretch of
-country to the right of those towns. The plans were so well guarded and
-the assemblage of troops, guns, etc., so effectively concealed, that the
-enemy was utterly stunned at the suddenness of the attack and the speed
-with which it was pushed.
-
-After the 4th Brigade had established their line in front of Marcelcave
-the 5th Brigade carried on the attack through Wiencourt and
-Guillaucourt. The 25th Battalion encountered considerable opposition in
-a small wood south of Wiencourt; and it was there that most of the
-casualties occurred. Lieut. J. W. Holly, of St. John, was killed by
-machine-gun fire, and thirteen other officers were wounded in ousting
-the Huns from this wood.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. N. H. WETMORE.]
-
-At Guillaucourt, Lieut.-Colonel Wise, who was the first to arrive at the
-objective, fell, severely wounded by a sniper’s bullet. The Adjutant,
-Capt. N. H. Wetmore, utterly disregarding his own safety, sprang to his
-O.C.’s assistance and became the target for a better directed bullet
-from the same sniper and fell, never to rise again.
-
-Major Day, second in command, who had been acting as a Brigade liaison
-officer during the attack, immediately assumed command of the Battalion
-and directed it in the advance on the following day when the towns of
-Vrely and Meharicourt were taken. After having advanced twelve miles in
-two days, the 2nd Division gave place to the 4th, who carried on to the
-outskirts of Hallu. This attack was certainly the most successful in
-which the 25th Battalion had thus far been engaged. An immense area of
-beautiful country with some important towns had been taken from the Hun,
-with surprisingly few casualties.
-
-After a few days in the line in front of Hallu, the Battalion was moved
-to Berneville, near Arras, where the details were left behind and we
-were into it again—over Telegraph Hill and down the eastern slope to the
-Cojuel River on August 26th—a distance of four miles—fighting all the
-way; then across the dried-up bed of the stream on the 27th to Cherisy
-and past the Sensee River to the heights beyond; and then a tightening
-up of the Hun resistance, which meant a fruitless hammering at the
-strongly wired positions in front of Upton Wood and “the Crow’s Nest” on
-the 28th.
-
-The 2nd Division had not rested since the 5th of August, and had
-penetrated to great depths in the enemy’s lines on two fronts. The tired
-troops could accomplish no more. The writer can testify that men
-actually fell asleep on their feet on the night of the 28th–29th of
-August, when a counter-attack was imminent. The state of mind of men
-when so thoroughly exhausted as our boys were at the end of the third
-day, is one that cares not what may happen to a body so completely worn
-out. It is then that sentiment—love of home, Battalion pride, and the
-shame of weakness—asserts itself and supports a man when everything
-tangible is wobbling.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. M. L. TUPPER.]
-
-“C” Company lost a splendid officer when Capt. M. L. Tupper was killed.
-A relative of Major J. H. Tupper, who “paid the price” at Courcellette
-in 1916, he had shown a fearlessness in the face of the enemy and a
-conscientiousness in all his duties which well merited his appointment
-as O.C. “C” Company.
-
-The Battalion had a respite of two days at Hautes Avesnes, on the
-Arras-St. Pol Road, over the anniversary of the landing in France and
-the Battle of Courcellette, September 15th, and was then continuously in
-the forward area until after the fall of Cambrai on October 9, 1918,
-engaging the Hun in the Inchy-Moeuvres and the Marcomg Switch Sectors,
-and clearing the Hun from the towns of Eseadoeueres and Ievuy, on the
-northern outskirts of Cambrai. “B” Company, under Lieutenant (now Major)
-MacRae, M.C. (two bars), did splendid work at Inchy on the 21st and 22nd
-September, when they captured seven machine guns, killing the crews and
-straightening out a kink in our line.
-
-In this wonderful last hundred days of the War, when the Hun had to be
-dislodged from the positions he had been preparing since his first check
-at the Marne in 1914, the deeds of valor which were enacted daily and
-hourly were too numerous to refer to here at any length. But mention may
-be made of some of the more notable recipients of War Decorations
-awarded officers, N.C.O.’s and men, who served with the 25th Battalion.
-
-First in the list must come Lieut.-Colonel (now Brig.-General) Hilliam,
-who won the D.S.O. and two bars for personal gallantry in the field and
-was mentioned in despatches four times. He was also invested with the
-insignia of a Companion of the Bath (C.B.) and that of a Companion of
-the Order of St. Michael and St. George (C.M.G.). Another officer who
-carries two rows of medals on his breast is Major G. McL. Matheson,
-D.S.O., M.C., and M.M. Lieut.-Colonel Wise wears the D.S.O. and the
-M.C., with the French Croix de Guerre. Lieut. M. M. Jordan wears the
-M.C., D.C.M. and Bar.
-
-Capt. Max MacRae was awarded the Military Cross three times. Company
-Sergt.-Major Dauphinee and Corporal Leggett each were awarded the
-Military Medal three times. Regimental Sergt.-Major Hurley was awarded
-the Military Cross, D.C.M. and French Croix de Guerre. Company
-Sergt.-Major Boudreau received the Croix de Virtute (Roumanian) besides
-the D.C.M., M.M. and Bar. Private Mickarek won the Russian Cross of St.
-George. And many officers and men won Military Crosses, D.C.M.’s, M.M.’s
-and Bars. A summary of the Battalion’s record of awards is given further
-below.
-
-The last occasion on which the 25th Battalion was in hostile contact
-with the Hun was at the storming of Elouges, a mining town near Mons, on
-November 8, 1918. The casualties, though very light, only eleven men
-being killed, included some of the originals who had seen the thing
-through to this ringing down of the curtain. Some eleven, including
-Company Sergt.-Major George Vincent, D.C.M., Corpl. John Morrison and
-“Billie” Roberts, who had weathered the storm only to be swept over at
-the harbor’s mouth, lie asleep in the little civilian cemetery at
-Elouges, where their graves will be guarded and cared for by the
-grateful people of the town, who welcomed the Battalion as liberators.
-
-The boys of the Battalion were enjoying their “lionization” by the
-populace at Mons when the news was received at 9 a.m. on November 11,
-1918, that we had but two hours more of hostilities when the Armistice
-would become effective.
-
-The remaining three days were given over to celebrating what had been
-fought for, and prayed for during the last four years—_Victory_. A
-Thanksgiving Service was held in the little chapel in the town,
-conducted by the brave chaplain who had stuck to us through the “Last
-Hundred Days”—Capt. A. J. MacDonald. And the local pastor addressed us
-in an impassioned Address of Thanks in French, out of which the writer
-distinguished only the oft-repeated phrase, “Merci beaucoup, nos
-liberateurs.”
-
-On November 19, 1918, the Battalion started on the long march to the
-Rhine. We crossed the German border near St. Vith at 10.08 a.m.,
-December 5th, with the Union Jack flying at the head of the column. At
-10.47 a.m., December 13th, the Battalion crossed the Rhine at Bonn and
-proceeded to the “Cologne Bridgehead Outpost Line,” where we had the
-satisfaction of telling the Hun how he should act and also the pleasure
-of enforcing our instructions on him.
-
-After six weeks on the Rhine, during which all ranks had an opportunity
-of visiting the famous cities of Cologne, Bonn and Coblenz, the
-Battalion returned to Belgium and went into billets at Arvelais, near
-Namur. On April 5, 1919, we started for Havre, and on the night of the
-9th embarked on the old _Prince Arthur_, formerly of the Boston-Yarmouth
-service, and on the morning of the 10th arrived at Southampton and
-proceeded by train to Witley Camp in Surrey, where, after a month’s
-sojourn awaiting documents from the Record Office, we sailed from
-Southampton on the _Olympic_, May 10, 1919.
-
-On board were the whole 5th Brigade and the 29th Battalion, 6th Brigade.
-After an uneventful though pleasant voyage, and to the accompaniment of
-the music of several bands and the shrill whistles of factories, boats
-and auto horns on both sides of Halifax Harbor, the _Olympic_ docked at
-Pier 2; and after a farewell to the 22nd, 24th, 26th and 29th we lined
-up for our march to the Armories, which triumphal procession, to the
-writer, seemed to be but a part of a great dream, as the memory of the
-exile from home now seems but an hallucination.
-
-
- TOTAL NUMBER OF DECORATIONS WON IN THE WAR BY OFFICERS AND OTHER RANKS
-              OF THE 25TH BATTALION, NOVA SCOTIA REGIMENT.
-
-                     Decoration.                                 Other
-                                                     Officers.  Ranks.
- D.S.O.                                                      5
- M.C.                                                       37         2
- 2nd Bar to M.C.                                             1
- Bar to M.C.                                                 6
- D.C.M.                                                               27
- Bar to D.C.M.                                                         2
- M.M.                                                                156
- Bar to M.M.                                                          25
- 2nd Bar to M.M.                                                       2
- M.S.M.                                                                8
- Croix de Guerre                                             3         5
- Russian Cross of St. George                                           1
- Croix de Virtute Militata (Roumania)                                  1
- Medaille Barbatie si Credinta, 3rd Class (Roumania)                   1
-                                                            ——       ———
-                        Total                               51       230
- Mentioned in Despatches, officers, 17; other ranks, 15.
-
-
-             LIST OF ORIGINAL OFFICERS OF THE 25TH BATTALION.
-
- Lieut.-Col. Lecain, G. A., O.C.        Roundhill, Ann. Co.    69th Regt.
-      „      Sponagle, J. A., M.D.      Middleton, N.S.        C.A.M.C.
- Major       Bauld, D. S., “D” Co.      Halifax                66th Regt.
-      „      Conrad, W. H., 2nd Comd.             „            63rd   „
-      „      Jones, A. N., “A” Co.                „            C.F.A.
-      „      McKenzie, J. G., “B” Co.   Westville              78th Regt.
-      „      MacRae, D. A., “C” Co.     Baddeck                94th   „
-      „      McKenzie, L. H., Adjt.     Stellarton             78th   „
-      „      Weston, A. W. P., Jr. Maj. Halifax                66th   „
- Hon. Capt.  Graham, E. E., Chap.       Arcadia                C.M.R.
- Capt.       Holt, C. W.                Amherst                93rd Regt.
-      „      Logan, J. W., “C” Co.      Halifax                63rd   „
- Hon. Capt.  McPherson, D., Chap.       Sydney Mines, C.B.
- Capt.       Margeson, J. W., Paymaster Bridgewater            75th   „
-      „      Medcalfe, W. B., “B” Co.   Halifax                66th   „
-      „      Purney, W. P., “D” Co.     Liverpool              68th   „
-      „      Tupper, J. H., “A” Co.     Bridgetown             69th   „
-      „      Whitford, W. L., “D” Co.   Chester                75th   „
- Lieut.      Brooks, E. J., “A” Co.     Falmouth
-      „      Bullock, L. N. B., “D” Co. Halifax                63rd   „
-      „      Cameron, W. A., “A” Co.    St. John, N.B.
-      „      Delancey, J. A.,  “M.G.”   Middleton              93rd   „
-      „      Eville, C. K., “B” Co.     Halifax                81st   „
-      „      Grant, J. W.,  “B”  Co.    Amherst                S.A.
-      „      Grant, J. A., “B” Co.      Halifax                63rd Regt.
-      „      Johnstone, L. H., “C” Co.  Sydney                 81st   „
-      „      Longley, H. G., “Trpt.”    Paradise               69th   „
-      „      Macaloney, C. W.           Halifax
-      „      Morgan, E., “D” Co.        Bear River             69th   „
-      „      Mosher, C. M.              Mahone Bay             75th   „
-      „      Murphy, V. P., “D” Co.     New Ross               75th   „
-      „      McKay, K. L., “A” Co.      Inverness              94th   „
-      „      McKinnon, D., “A” Co.      Woodbine               94th   „
-      „      McLeod, H. A., “B” Co.     Salt Springs, Pic. Co. 78th   „
-      „      McNiel, G. M., “A” Co.     Iona                   94th   „
-      „      McNiel, J. D., “C” Co.     Whitney Pier           S.A.
-      „      Newnham, T. F., “Qmst.”    Halifax                R.C.G.A.
-      „      Roberts, G. E., “C” Co.              „
-      „      Smith, B. H.                         „            66th Regt.
-      „      Stairs, J. C., “A” Co.               „            66th   „
-      „      Tanner, F. I., “C” Co.     Pictou                 C.F.A.
-      „      Young, G. R.               Kentville              C.M.R.
- 67001       R.S.M. Miles, H. F.        Halifax                R.C.R.
-
-Strength of Unit on proceeding to France on Sept. 15th, 1915.
-
-                         Officers. Other Ranks.
-                            32        1,000
-
-Reinforcements after coming to France.
-
-                         Officers. Other Ranks.
-                            231       3,829
-
-Wounded and sick to England.
-
-                         Officers. Other Ranks.
-                            156       2,557
-
-Killed in action and died in hospital.
-
-                         Officers. Other Ranks.
-                            32         686
-
-              Missing.       Prisoners.       Transferred.
-             Off.   O.Rs.    Off.    O.Rs.     Off.     O.Rs.
-              2      64                8        37       682
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XII.
-                         _THE 40th BATTALION._
-
-
-The 40th Battalion was authorized January 1, 1915, under the command of
-Lieut.-Col. W. H. Gibsone (R.C.R.). As the men were recruited,
-detachments were formed at McNab’s Island, Halifax, Sydney, Glace Bay,
-North Sydney, Truro, Amherst, New Glasgow, Yarmouth, Lunenburg,
-Kentville and Digby.
-
-The Battalion was finally mobilized at Aldershot Camp, N.S., on May 11,
-1915. Lieut.-Colonel Gibsone proceeded direct to France to become A.A.G.
-of the 3rd Canadian Division, which was then in process of formation. At
-Aldershot Camp, N.S., the 40th was first inspected by the Duke of
-Connaught and Brig.-General H. M. McLean, who commented on their
-splendid showing. On June 21st, under the command of Lieut.-Col. A. G.
-Vincent, the 40th Battalion moved to Valcartier Camp, Quebec. Before
-leaving for Valcartier two drafts were despatched, one of twenty-five
-men to the 25th Battalion, and another of 250 men and five officers to
-England, as reinforcements.
-
-At Valcartier strenuous work by all ranks drew special mention of the
-40th by Major-General Sir Sam Hughes at a General Review of the Camp a
-week before sailing. The Battalion was also inspected later at
-Valcartier by the Duke of Connaught and also by Sir Robert Borden. A
-week before sailing a third call was made for reinforcements, and again
-five officers and 250 N.C.O.’s and men, all picked, were despatched to
-England.
-
-Notwithstanding this great drain, on October 18, 1915, the 40th sailed
-from Quebec on the _S.S. Saxonia_, with a strength of 1,143 all ranks,
-under the command of Lieut.-Col. A. G. Vincent and the following
-officers:
-
-              Major C. A. Andrews, Second in Command.
-              Major J. C. Ditmars.
-              Capt. J. S. Legge, Adjutant.
-              Lieut. H. Fisher, Q.M.
-              Lieut. G. M. Sylvester, Assistant Adjutant.
-              Lieut. A. W. Cunningham, Sig. Officer.
-              Lieut. H. St. C. Jones, M.G. Officer.
-              Major Geo. Wood, Chaplain.
-              Capt. E. Douglas, Medical Officer.
-              Capt. G. H. Gillis, Paymaster.
-
-              Major A. G. Nutter, O.C. “A” Company.
-              Capt. W. E. Doane, Second in Command.
-              Lieut. Geo. Campbell.
-              Lieut. G. W. Anderson.
-              Lieut. P. W. Freeman.
-              Lieut. A. S. Allen.
-              Lieut. J. Harley.
-
-              Capt. C. R. Chisholm, O.C. “B” Company.
-              Capt. H. P. Bell, Second in Command.
-              Lieut. Mc.I. McLeod.
-              Lieut. J. D. McIntyre.
-              Lieut. W. W. Pickup.
-              Lieut. H. H. Heal.
-
-              Capt. A. M. Ross, O.C. “C” Company.
-              Capt. G. W. Dwyer, Second in Command.
-              Lieut. G. B. Murray.
-              Lieut. A. S. Churchill.
-              Lieut. C. E. Little.
-              Lieut. L. W. Ormand.
-              Lieut: D. H. MacKenzie.
-
-              Capt. W. Letcher, O.C. “D” Company.
-              Capt. E. R. Dennis, Second in Command.
-              Lieut. B. F. Davidson.
-              Lieut. F. P. H. Layton.
-              Lieut. R. Jago.
-              Lieut. L. W. W. Slacke.
-              Lieut. F. G. Robertson.
-              Lieut. A. Anderson.
-
-On October 29, 1915, after an uneventful voyage the Battalion landed at
-Plymouth and proceeded to Bramshott Camp, being the first Canadian
-Infantry Battalion to enter that Camp, where they took over quarters
-from the Royal Irish Rifles. At Bramshott the 40th joined part of the
-then contemplated 9th Brigade of the 3rd Canadian Division, which was
-under the command of General Lord Brooke.
-
-Owing to the heavy demand for reinforcements, following the disastrous
-action of June 2, 1916 (the Third Battle of Ypres), the Battalion was
-moved to East Sandling to become the 40th Reserve Battalion, where
-drafts were despatched to nearly every Unit in the Canadian Corps. After
-many moves the 40th absorbed the remnants of the 64th, 104th, 106th and
-112th Battalions, and finally returned to Bramshott to become the 26th
-Reserve Battalion, and was finally absorbed by the 17th Reserve
-Battalion.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. E. E. DENNIS
-  (killed in action at Vimy Ridge. April 5, 1917).]
-
-The 40th Battalion has the distinction that practically every officer
-and man of the original Battalion saw service in France. Ten of the
-officers were killed in action, viz.:
-
-                      Capt. A. M. Ross.
-                      Capt. W. E. Doane.
-                      Capt. E. R. Dennis.
-                      Lieut. G. H. Campbell.
-                      Lieut. W. W. Pickup (Major).
-                      Lieut. G. M. Sylvester.
-                      Lieut. A. Allen (Capt.).
-                      Lieut. F. P. H. Layton.
-                      Lieut. H. Fisher.
-                      Lieut. A. S. Churchill.
-
-In addition, nineteen were, wounded. Twelve received the M.C., one the
-D.F.C. Several were promoted and mentioned in despatches for valuable
-service. It would be a long list to give the names of the N.C.O.’s and
-men of the original 40th who gave their lives. Several were promoted to
-commissioned rank in the Field and many others were decorated for valor.
-Wherever they went they acquitted themselves in such a manner that
-although never to cross the Channel as a Unit, the 40th always received
-honorable mention in every fighting Unit in the Canadian Corps.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XIII.
-                      _THE 64th BATTALION, C.E.F._
-
-
-The 64th Battalion was authorized in June, 1915, and mobilized at
-Sussex, N.B., August 15th, 1915. It was originally intended that this
-should be a Highland Battalion raised in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
-Prince Edward Island; and having this in view, the officers were
-selected from the three provinces proportionately.
-
-When the Unit started to recruit, owing to New Brunswick and Prince
-Edward Island being still busy completing the 55th Battalion, all the
-recruits came from Nova Scotia, and eventually, when New Brunswick and
-Prince Edward Island began sending their quota, the ranks swelled to
-over 2,300, whereas the strength of a Battalion was only about 1,100 all
-ranks.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. H. MONTGOMERY CAMPBELL.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. G. H. MAXWELL
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. H. M. CAMPBELL
-  (killed in action).]
-
-The 104th Battalion was then authorized as a New Brunswick Battalion,
-and all the New Brunswick men with some of the officers were transferred
-to the new Unit.
-
-Lieut.-Col. H. Montgomery Campbell, late 8th Hussars and Commanding
-Officer 11th Infantry Brigade, Military District No. 6, was appointed
-Commanding Officer 64th Battalion.
-
-The Battalion organized and trained for ten weeks at Sussex, and early
-in November moved to Halifax, where at Pier No. 2 it went into winter
-quarters, continuing training till finally sailing on the 31st of March,
-1916, for Liverpool on the _S.S. Adriatic_.
-
-The following officers proceeded overseas with the Unit:
-
- O.C., Lieut.-Col. H. Montgomery Campbell    Formerly 8th Hussars, N.B.
- Second in Command, Major H. Flowers            „     1st C.G.A., N.S.
- Junior Major, Major G. H. Maxwell              „     1st C.G.A., N.S.
-
- Company Commanders—
-
-   Major Angus W. McArthur                      „     78th Regt., N.S.
-   Major G. Guy McLaughlin                      „     67th Regt., N.B.
-   Major Guy L. Mott                            „     81st Regt., N.S.
-   Major Francis L. Stephens                    „     66th Regt., N.S.
-
- Captains—
-
-   Anglin, Gerald C.                            „     O.T.C., N.B.
-   Barbour, Roydon McF.                         „     O.T.C., N.B.
-   Bowron, Edward H.                            „     78th Regt., N.S.
-   Fairweather, Frank R.                        „     62nd Regt., N.B.
-
- Lieutenants—
-
-   Blois, Arthur O.                             „     66th Regt., N.S.
-   Campbell, Herbert M.                         „     81st Regt., N.S.
-   Curren, Reginald H.                          „     14th K.C.H., N.S.
-   Flowers, Eric P.                             „     1st C.G.A., N.S.
-   Gale, John R.                                „     62nd, N.B.
-   Guildford, David A.                          „     1st C.G.A., N.B.
-   Gunn, James D.                               „     69th, N.S.
-   Henry, John D.                               „     8th Hussars, N.B.
-   Hobkirk, Charles H.                          „     71st, N.B.
-   Keswick, Robert McL.                         „     73rd, N.B.
-   McKay, Reary                                 „     O.T.C., N.B.
-   McLean, James D.                             „     O.T.C., N.B.
-   McCleave, Harry A.                           „     76th, N.S.
-   Murray, Ralph M.                             „     74th, N.B.
-   O’Leary, Harry                               „     73rd, N.B.
-   Perks, Arthur J.                             „     66th, N.S.
-   Rogers, William M.                           „     63rd, N.S.
-   Russell, Bernard W.                          „     C.F.A. N.S.
-   Watt, William L.                             „     73rd, N.B.
-   Wetmore, Norman H.                           „     O.T.C., N.B.
-   Winslow, Donald B.                           „     C.F.A., N.B.
-
- Adjutant, Captain J. Hutton Wallace            „     81st, N.S.
- Medical Officer, Capt. Arthur C. Jost          „     C.A.M.C., N.S.
- Quartermaster, Captain Samuel S. Wright        „     R.C.G.A., N.S.
-
- Chaplains—
-
-   Hon. Capt., Rev. Wm. Fowler Parker           „     N.B.
-   Hon. Capt., Rev. Father Patrick McQuillan    „     N.S.
-
- Paymaster, Hon. Capt. Robert M. Hope           „     C.F.A., N.B.
-
-On arrival in England, April 9th, the Battalion moved to Bramshott,
-where it remained for four weeks. It then moved to Otterpool for
-preliminary musketry, proceeding to Lidd for the final training in that
-branch. During the stay at Otterpool the Battalion was attached to the
-6th Training Brigade, being inspected by Major-General Sir Sam Steele,
-together with the 63rd, 66th and 69th Battalions. After the inspection
-Major-General Steele informed the troops that they were fully equal to
-any troops he had ever inspected, but that owing to certain exigencies
-of the war it was impracticable to send them to the Front as Units. Next
-day the drafting commenced and 198 were sent to the A.S.C.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. F. FAIRWEATHER
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. REARY MCKAY
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. H. A. M‘CLEAVE
-  (killed in action).]
-
-After one week at Lidd an order was received to send to Shorncliffe all
-those who had completed musketry. Five hundred other ranks in charge of
-Captain Fairweather moved out of camp at 5 a.m. The next week was spent
-completing musketry, and on the following Sunday the remainder of the
-Battalion moved back to Otterpool. Other drafts were almost immediately
-called for of both officers and men.
-
-On July 3rd the last move was made to Caesar’s Camp near Folkestone. The
-remainder of the Battalion was handed over to the 40th Reserve, and the
-64th for all practical purposes ceased to exist. The O.C. and Staff were
-employed in winding up the affairs of the Unit, the other remaining
-officers being ordered to hold themselves in readiness to proceed to
-France.
-
-Every officer of this Unit eventually proceeded to France. Of the
-thirty-nine officers the following paid the supreme sacrifice, namely:
-Major G. H. Maxwell, Capt. Frank Fairweather, Capt. J. Hutton Wallace,
-Lieut. Herbert M. Campbell, Lieut. C. H. Hobkirk, Lieut. Reary McKay,
-Lieut. N. H. Wetmore, Lieut. H. A. McCleave—eight in all. Of the
-remainder twenty-four were wounded, only seven escaping the casualty
-list.
-
-This Battalion was undoubtedly one of the best trained Battalions
-leaving Canada. Many of its N.C.O.’s finally reached the Commissioned
-Ranks, and the Units in France were always pleased to get a detachment
-of 64th men.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XIV.
-  _THE 85th BATTALION, NOVA SCOTIA HIGHLANDERS, AND THE 85th BATTALION
-                                 BAND._
-
-
-The first distinctly Highland Battalion to be organized in Nova Scotia
-for active service Overseas in the late War was the 85th Battalion, Nova
-Scotia Highlanders. The Battalion was authorized at Ottawa on September
-14, 1915, with the appointment of Lieut.-Colonel Allison H. Borden as
-Commanding Officer. Headquarters for organization and mobilization were
-first established at the Military Camp, Aldershot, N.S., on September
-23, 1915. Recruiting proceeded rapidly, the idea of a distinctly Nova
-Scotia Highland Battalion having fired with enthusiasm the people of the
-Province, who, true to their ancestral Highland spirit, were found “deas
-gu cath” (ready for fight). The success of the recruiting drew an order
-from Ottawa for Battalion Headquarters to be transferred to Halifax, and
-for the Battalion to be mobilized in full strength and stationed in the
-Armories. Mobilization resulted on October 14, 1915, with the 85th
-Battalion 200 over strength. On that day occurred the first parade of
-the Battalion—a memorably impressive scene and event, by virtue of its
-contrasts in personnel; for in all ranks were officers and men who came
-from every walk of life, professional and industrial and commercial,
-with farmers and manufacturers amongst the officers, while clergymen,
-college professors, and teachers paraded shoulder to shoulder in the
-rank
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. A. H. BORDEN, D.S.O.]
-
-The 85th Battalion has the distinction of being the senior, and, as it
-were, the parent Unit of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. But with the
-Brigade as such this chapter is not concerned. Its story has been told
-incidentally in connection with the other Units which made up the
-Brigade. It will suffice to remark, however, that this magnificent body
-of fighting men—“the very flower of Nova Scotia’s manhood”—after being
-noted by the military leaders and authorities in England “as the finest
-body of troops sent over from Canada,” was, under the exigencies of
-military supervision, finally broken up in England, and reorganized into
-two Battalions, the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders, and the
-185th Battalion, Cape Breton Highlanders. The latter Battalion—“siol nan
-gaisgeach mora”—became a splendid Unit in the so-called Fifth Division,
-but was denied the privilege and glory of seeing service in France as a
-Unit. The record of their compatriots, “D” Company of the 85th
-Battalion, at Virny and Passchendaele, a most glorious record, is
-sufficient proof that had the 185th Battalion, Cape Breton Highlanders,
-got to France as a Unit, the name not only of Nova Scotia Province but
-also of the Island of Cape Breton would to-day be shining with still
-greater glory than that which they now possess for brilliant military
-achievement in the late War. As it was, however, the records of
-individual officers and men of the 185th Battalion who had transferred
-to the 85th and other Units on the 185th being broken up just before the
-initial drive of 1918, were such as to give a noble name not only to
-themselves individually, but also to the 185th Battalion and Cape Breton
-Island, where this splendid Unit of fighting men was recruited.
-
-Reverting now to the 85th Battalion as such, after due training, and
-many inexplicable disappointments in earlier sailing for Overseas, the
-85th Battalion, and the other Units of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade,
-broke camp on October 11, 1916, and sailed for England on October 13,
-1916, aboard H.M. Transport _Olympic_. The 85th and the Nova Scotia
-Highland Brigade disembarked at Liverpool on October 19, 1916, and
-immediately entrained for Witley Camp, Surrey, arriving in Camp the same
-evening. Following the breaking up of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade,
-and the reorganization of the 85th, the Battalion sailed for France on
-February 10, 1917, going into training for service in the Field at Gouy
-Servins, Bouvigny, and Bouvigny Wood, from which quarters the Battalion
-moved up to Music Hall Line, in the reserves, to take part as “a working
-Unit” in the Battle of Vimy Ridge (April 9, 1917).
-
-Including Vimy, the 85th Battalion was in the following
-engagements—Vimy, April 9 to 14, 1917; “The Triangle,” June 20, 1917;
-Ontario Trench, June 26, 1917; Eleu dit Leauvette and the Horse Shoe,
-June 28, 1917; Lens, July to October, 1917; Passchendaele, October 28 to
-November 2, 1917; Arleux, June, 1918; Fompoux, July, 1918; Amiens,
-August 8 to 11, 1918; Arras (Drocourt-Queant Line), September 2 to 5,
-1918; Cambrai (Bourlon), September 25 to October 2, 1918; Valenciennes,
-November, 1918; Quievrechain, November, 1918; Honnelle River. November,
-1918.
-
-What the Battalion did after the signing of the Armistice is of no
-military significance. It returned from France to England on May 1,
-1919, took part in the Great March of Triumph through London on May 3,
-1919; sailed from England for Canada on May 31, 1919; and arrived at
-Halifax on June 8. 1919, and two days later marched through the City of
-Halifax, which was _en fête_ to give the Unit a memorably joyous welcome
-home. It was not, however, a welcome from the city, but from the whole
-Province, and it is estimated that 60,000 outside visitors—friends and
-relatives—of the returned victors must have been present among the
-citizens of Halifax to witness the home-coming parade of the 85th
-Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders. A week later (June 15, 1919), a
-remnant company of the Battalion fell in at Grafton Park, Halifax, and
-headed by the Royal Canadian Regiment Band, marched with its King’s and
-Regimental Colors to Government House, where the colors were deposited
-in the presence of His Honor Lieutenant-Governor Grant, Colonel W. E.
-Thompson, D.O.C., M.D. No. 6, and Staff. On the occasion Lieut.-Col.
-James Layton Ralston, C.M.G., D.S.O., with Bar, Commanding the 85th,
-read an address of farewell to the officers and N.C.O.’s and men
-assembled—and thus the history of the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia
-Highlanders, as a fighting Unit, came to an end.
-
-In the proper places there will be explicit observations on the
-achievements of the Battalion, individual officers, N.C.O.’s and men on
-the Field. In the meantime, following is a summary of the honors and
-awards (259 in total) that belong to the Battalion:—
-
-              C.M.G.                                     1
-              D.S.O.                                     4
-              Bar to D.S.O.                              1
-              M.C.                                      34
-              Bar to M.C.                                3
-              D.C.M.                                    15
-              M.S.M.                                     4
-              M.M.                                     166
-              Bar to M.M.                               12
-              Croix de Guerre                            5
-              Mentioned in Despatches twice              4
-              Mentioned in Despatches-Officers           0
-              Mentioned in Despatches-Warrant Officers   1
-                                                       ———
-                               Total                   259
-
-The first “big show” or engagement in which the 85th Battalion took part
-was that of Vimy Ridge. Theirs was not at first an envious situation.
-The Battalion had been substituted for another in the 12th Brigade, but
-the actual taking over did not ensue till after the Battle of Vimy
-Ridge. For that engagement the 85th was attached to the 11th Brigade,
-commanded by Brigadier-General Odlum. For the Battle of Vimy Ridge the
-85th moved into position in the reserves, and was to serve as “a working
-Unit,” that is, to follow up the troops in action, and to carry
-ammunition, build dugouts, keep up communication trenches, clear wire
-entanglements, and in general, as the phrase is, “to mop up.” The 85th,
-of course, could be called on, as they were, to fight in an emergency.
-But they were regarded as “green troops,” and it was not considered
-likely by the authorities that the Battalion would be efficient and
-steady under slaughterous fire. As a matter of fact, all the while
-between the Battalion’s arrival at Gouy Servins till the Unit moved out
-from quarters into the reserve at Music Hall Line for their part in the
-Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Col. A. H. Borden,
-the Second in Command, Lieut.-Col. E. C. Phinney, the Adjutant, Major J.
-L. Ralston, and Assistant Adjutant, Lieut. A. T. Croft, had been
-preparing the Battalion as much for a fighting Unit as for a working
-Unit—having had the German lines at Vimy all taped out to scale, and
-having trained the Unit in every detail of the coming operation, until
-all ranks knew the precise “lay” of the Vimy Front and how the fighting
-Units as such would operate in action. Thus considered, the 85th
-Battalion was not a Unit of “green troops” in the ordinary acceptance of
-the phrase. They were “ready for fight”—and unexpectedly they got their
-chance, and achieved to their immortal glory.
-
-The Battle of Vimy Ridge opened in the early morn of Easter Monday,
-April 9, 1917. At first it was all clear gain for the Canadians. But, at
-last, toward the evening, word kept coming back that the Canadian
-advance was being held up, that Hill 145 remained untaken, that it was a
-“nasty critical situation,” because the enfilading of the Huns would
-destroy attacking troops totally, and that if Hill 145 were not somehow
-taken, the engagement would fail. Where were there fresh troops who
-could be sent in to take Hill 145? It is understood that Colonel
-Hilliam, commanding the 25th Battalion, Nova Scotia’s invincible “Shock
-Troops,” recommended that the 85th Battalion be selected for the feat.
-He assured Brigadier Odlum that even if they were “green troops” they
-would be steady under fire. The die was cast. Orders came from
-headquarters that two Companies of the 85th were to go into the line at
-sundown and assault Hill 145. Lieut.-Col. Borden, Commanding Officer,
-selected “C” and “D” Companies, and placed Capt. Percival W. Anderson in
-command, with Capt. Harvey E. Crowell in command of “C” Company.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. E. C. PHINNEY.]
-
-At zero hour “C” Company went over the top, followed immediately by “D”
-Company, but, for good reasons, without the usual barrage. The 85th had
-_dared_. The question now was on the part of the Units that had been
-held up, Would the 85th also _DO_? From the moment the Companies went
-over the top, they proceeded on to their objective, the crest of Hill
-145, with the precision and steadiness of inured troops. There is no
-necessity to describe the assault in detail. But when the Huns first saw
-the 85th Companies going over the top, they were amazed. As the
-Companies proceeded forward, steady and indomitable in spite of the gun
-fire and the hail of bullets from concealed nests of machine guns, the
-while themselves wreaking destruction on the Bosche, the Germans became
-alarmed. And when the 85th Companies still kept on, in the same spirit,
-and with the same effectiveness, the Huns became disconcerted, and at
-last ignominiously turned and “beat it,” leaving Hill 145—the Huns’
-“pivotal strategic stronghold”—in possession of the 85th Companies and
-the Canadian Corps. The clearing up of the Ridge and the advance of the
-85th Companies to the Lens-Arras Road need not detain us. On the morning
-of April 14, 1917, the Battalion was relieved by the Royal Sussex, and
-marched back to rest quarters at Bouvigny Huts.
-
-There were many acts of heroism on the part of officers, N.C.O.’s and
-men during the first day of the Vimy Ridge “show” and on later days. One
-phrase might be applied to summarize the conduct of the Commanding
-Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel Borden), the Second in Command
-(Lieutenant-Colonel Phinney), and the Adjutant, Major J. L. Ralston, who
-had the task of consolidating the line after the taking of the Ridge;
-not only were they all the time “cool, calm and collected,” but the
-three showed distinct military genius. Outstanding was the conduct of
-Capt. Percival W. Anderson, who, amongst other exploits, single-handed
-performed a deed of heroism which won for him the Military Cross (it
-should have been the V.C.). One of the men in the patrols suffered a bad
-wound. His groans were heard in “No Man’s Land,” but he lay where the
-whole field was raked by rifle and machine-gun fire. Captain Anderson
-would not ask or command any of his men to attempt a rescue, but went
-out himself and carried the wounded man back to safety. This splendid
-soldier and officer was killed at the Battle of Passchendaele, his death
-profoundly regretted; for he knew no fear, and he was a superb officer
-and leader of men, a splendid example of the Cape Breton Highlander.
-
-The list of those who turned exploits and won awards at Vimy is too long
-to admit of detailed accounts. But specially to be mentioned are Capt.
-H. E. Crowell, Capt. H. B. Clarke, Chaplain, and later Transport Officer
-(acting); Lieuts. H. C. Verner (“Hell-Fire” Verner), Douglas Graham,
-Hugh A. Crawley, F. C. Manning; and amongst the privates and
-N.C.O.’s—Pte. C. A. McLeod, Pte. H. C. Steeves, Pte. A. J. Murphy, Pte.
-J. S. Westlake, Pte. L. M. Gates, Pte. K. Manoles, Pte. J. C. Taylor,
-Pte. C. J. Doucette, Runners, Ptes. W. E. Stackhouse, W. W. Pearson and
-G. B. Peck; Lance-Corporal A. F. MacAree, Lance-Corporal V. M. Lindsay,
-Lance-Corporal H. W. Hardy, Corporal C. D. Reid, and Sergt. W. U.
-Martel.
-
-The courage, pluck, indomitableness and resourcefulness of the officers,
-N.C.O.’s and men of the 85th Battalion at the Battle of Vimy Ridge were
-instanced not to glorify the Battalion, but to show forth the kind of
-“stuff” that was the spirit of the Unit. The same kind of spirit was
-shown in all subsequent engagements—“The Triangle,” Ontario Trench, Eleu
-dit Leauvette and the Horse Shoe and around Lens, up to Passchendaele.
-The outstanding phase of the long Battle of Passchendaele (October 28 to
-November 2, 1917) was the recapturing of the front line by “D” Company
-(Cape Bretoners), commanded by Captain Ross M. MacKenzie—another “saving
-of the day,” as at Vimy, by the 85th Battalion. The 85th was, as
-decided, to be in the line for a day before going over the top. However,
-before that move, “D” Company was to take over the whole Battalion
-frontage, the other Companies to remain at the rear. A Western Canadian
-Unit was in the line, and just as “D” Company reached the line for the
-relief of the Western Battalion, the Huns launched a violent and
-destructive counter-attack. Captain MacKenzie and “D” Company saw that
-the Western Battalion was falling back, and the Huns advancing in great
-force. It was a critical situation, and Captain MacKenzie at once
-offered himself and his Company to reinforce the retiring Unit. The
-offer was gladly accepted. Captain MacKenzie ordered his Company to drop
-all kit, and to fix bayonets and advance in true Highland fashion. With
-huzzas they made for the enemy—dashing upon the Huns with such a rush
-and momentum, that the Huns became bewildered, next were seized with
-panic, broke, and “beat it.” The situation was saved, and the line
-recaptured shortly by continued advance to the position from which the
-Western Battalion was forced to retire. But that advance was costly in
-casualties, for it was covered by enemy machine guns and snipers’ posts.
-Then it was that the ancient fighting spirit of his Gaelic ancestors
-shone brilliantly in Captain MacKenzie, and he became the Gaelic Hero
-Cuchullain in the fight and in death. MacKenzie was shot through the
-abdomen—some say he was literally riddled—with machine gun bullets, and
-he fell. But he struggled to his feet and kept on with his Company,
-bleeding to death, and commanded his men, encouraging them, until he
-dropped exhausted into a shell hole. Even then, though undone, he would
-not be attended to, but kept encouraging his Company. Eventually he
-permitted himself to be placed on a stretcher, and while being borne
-away, he died—like Cuchullain too, unconquerable in death. There were
-many other individual examples of heroism on that day and during the
-days that followed at Passchendaele. But the slaughter was awful: and
-while the engagement added fresh glory to the 85th Battalion, and is a
-memorial to the living, it is to be regarded as an apotheosis of all
-85th officers, non-commissioned officers and men who fell at that
-mysteriously ordered engagement—Major P. W. Anderson, M.C., Capts. John
-M. Hensley, E. R. Clayton, M.C., and Ross M. MacKenzie, Lieuts. Walter
-U. Martel, M.M., Frank O. Hutchison, Angus D. MacDonald, Norman C.
-Christie, Alexander D. Fraser, Fred J. Anderson, John R. MacFarlane, W.
-H. Murr and R. Salisman, and the 123 privates and non-commissioned
-officers. It was for their bravery and resourcefulness and
-indomitableness—their sheer invincibility—at Passchendaele that the 85th
-Battalion won from the other Units in the Canadian Corps and the
-Imperials the noteworthy, if slangy, complimentary epithet, “The Never
-Fails.”
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. A. D. FRASER.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR P. W. ANDERSON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. ROSS MACKENZIE.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. A. D. MACDONALD.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. R. MACFARLANE.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. N. C. CHRISTIE.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. JOHN M. HENSLEY.]
-
-From Passchendaele to the signing of the Armistice would furnish only
-repetitions of the records of the 85th Battalion in action. It was all a
-most honorable and glorious record, quite worthy to stand beside that of
-Canadian Units which had seen longer service. It would not do, however,
-to bring this summary narrative to a close without mentioning the
-characteristics of the outstanding officers, but for whom the 85th would
-not have been a reality, or would not have achieved so splendidly.
-First, let it be remembered perennially that all honor and distinction
-belongs to Lieut.-Col. Allison H. Borden for conceiving the idea of a
-distinctly Nova Scotia Highland Battalion, and, later, a distinctly Nova
-Scotia Highland Brigade. As an officer he always displayed vision and
-decision, great gifts for organization; and in the Field he was a
-gallant and resourceful soldier, to whom the loss of men in action was
-felt as a poignant personal loss. He was awarded the Distinguished
-Service Order. But posterity will gratefully remember him and honor his
-name as the Organizer and Commanding Officer of the 85th Battalion, Nova
-Scotia Highlanders, and the Organizer and Brigadier of the Nova Scotia
-Highland Brigade. Lieut.-Col. Earle C. Phinney was a young officer, and,
-in turn, filled several positions from Adjutant to Commanding Officer in
-Canada and in England, and had the honor of taking the 85th to France,
-where, though he had voluntarily reverted to Second in Command, he was
-temporarily in Command till the arrival of Lieut.-Colonel Borden. He
-made a record at Vimy for coolness and resourcefulness in the Field. In
-a later engagement he was wounded, and was eventually invalided home.
-Lieut.-Col. J. L. Ralston, who brought the 85th home, as Commanding
-Officer, also served as Adjutant and as Commanding Officer in the Field.
-He was his officers’ and men’s ideal of “the splendid soldier,” intrepid
-and indomitable, and always resourceful. He was wounded several times:
-and was awarded the D.S.O. and Bar to the D.S.O., and honored by the
-King with the C.M.G. Lieut.-Col. Joseph Hayes was unique as an officer.
-He was the M.O. of the Battalion, and a more humane and intrepid M.O.
-there was not in the Canadian Corps. Though several years past the age
-limit, he never missed a day from the line from Vimy to Passchendaele,
-and did much to keep up the morale and fighting spirit of the officers
-and men of the 85th. In a phrase, Lieut.-Col. Joseph Hayes was a gallant
-officer, a genuinely brave soldier, and a humane and kind medical expert
-in the line. The hygiene of the Battalion, which was a record in the
-Canadian Corps, was due to Colonel Hayes’ rigorous supervision of camp
-and line sanitation and his meticulous care of the person, food and
-potables of the officers and men. He was awarded the D.S.O. It is
-impossible to make a “Homeric Catalogue” of the character and deeds of
-all the other officers. Suffice it to say that they all were good men
-and true. The Battalion had the distinction of having Sir Robert Borden,
-Premier of Canada, as Honorary Colonel.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. J. L. RALSTON, C.M.G., D.S.O.]
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-  Killed in Action while serving with the 85th in France and Flanders
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. O’DONOHUE.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. G. F. CANN.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. HOLLAND.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR IVAN RALSTON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. GEO. T. LYE.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. ERIC LANE.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. A. M‘KINNON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. N. L. CHIPMAN.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. CYRIL A. EVANS.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. W. T. RUGGLES.
-  Died after return to Canada.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUTENANT THURBER.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. T. M. M‘LEAN.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. F. C. MANNING.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. M. W. M‘KINNON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. O. M‘LEOD.]
-
-
-                 _85th BATTALION BRASS AND REED BAND._
-
-The literary and the musical professions were well represented in the
-personnel of the 85th Battalion—by one historian, two poets, and a brass
-and wood-wind band, an organization of instrumentalists that gave the
-Battalion additional and peculiar distinction and glory. Lieut.-Colonel
-Hayes in England and France acted as a free-lance war correspondent and,
-on arrival home, set to work to prepare the History of the 85th
-Battalion. He produced an illustrated work of nearly 400 pages—a most
-readable volume, the first history of any Nova Scotia fighting Unit that
-had taken part in the late War. It was hurriedly prepared, under very
-difficult conditions, but despite a minimum of slight and inevitable
-discrepancies or omissions—every history from Thucydides to John Richard
-Green has these—it is a well-written and accurate work, a genuine
-monument to the literary acumen and devotion of that versatile and
-gallant officer, Lieut.-Col. Joseph Hayes. The two poets were the late
-Lieut. Frederick C. Manning, a brilliant alumnus of Acadia University,
-whose “Poems” were posthumously published. They are excellent poems,
-both in conception and in craftsmanship, and go to prove how great a
-wastage of brain power and rare spirit was caused by the late War. The
-other poet was Sergt. J. D. Logan, an alumnus of Harvard University. He
-was a free-lance war correspondent at the Front. He published two
-volumes of war poems—“Insulters of Death and Other Poems of the Great
-Departure” (1916), and “The New Apocalypse and Other Poems of Days and
-Deeds in France” (1919), besides a series of magazine articles on
-special phases of the War, a series entitled “From Vimy to
-Passchendaele” (1918), and before sailing for Overseas a pamphlet on the
-85th Band (“Canada’s Champion Regimental Band”). All this is mentioned
-to show that military training for active warfare and actual warfare do
-not necessarily kill the finer spirit of men or turn soldiers from human
-beings into brutes. But the chief aesthetic glory of the 85th Battalion
-was its extraordinary fine marching and symphonic band. Following are
-the salient facts in its history.
-
-The band was the descendant of the old Albion Mines (Stellarton) Band,
-established in the ’40’s of the last century, and having a continuous
-history of nearly three-quarters of a century to date. It was for years
-the regimental band of the 78th Pictou Highlanders. Lieut.-Colonel
-Borden, commanding the 85th, asked Lieut. Dan. Mooney, bandmaster of the
-Stellarton or 78th Band, to organize a band for the 85th. The original
-personnel of the 85th Band, the personnel which went Overseas with the
-Battalion, was: Lieut. Dan. Mooney, Bandmaster; Sergt. J. C. Profitt,
-Corpls. W. D. MacLeod and Alex. Myers, Ptes. A. H. MacDougall, R. H.
-Roy, Ronald MacDougall, E. B. Mitchell (did not sail), R. Y. Geddes, C.
-A. MacDonald, A. J. Fraser, T. R. Roy, J. W. Henderson, T. B. Davidson
-(died in France), C. W. Appleton, H. P. Barnes, F. T. Freeman, J. J.
-Gray, T. Mason, C. A. (“Chud”) MacDonald, A. R. MacDonald, A. A.
-MacDougall, J. R. Munro, H. H. Murray, C. E. Purves, G. A. Rackham, W.
-D. Jamieson, F. A. Ryan, W. P. Cameron, Joseph Smith, James Roy, D. W.
-Cameron, W. E. Gallagher, F. D. Mooney, A. F. Gallant, W. Dunn (did not
-sail, died later), Sergt. J. D. Logan.
-
-This band was distinguished in musicianship by _versatility_,
-_virtuosity_ and _brilliancy_. It had acquired a notable reputation for
-these qualities in Canada, and when Overseas, in England, where it was
-in demand by towns near Camp Witley, for social functions of a
-semi-military or war-propaganda nature. The Director of Musical
-Services, who came to Camp Witley, to hear and conduct the band at
-rehearsal said of it, in writing: “_It is the best band that has come
-Overseas from Canada_,” and remarked specially on its precision in
-attack, its unanimity, its dynamic qualities and nuancing, and its
-brilliancy.
-
-Now, bands in camp and rest quarters are regarded as good for the morale
-of Units, but generally were considered as impedimenta (or superfluous
-baggage) with a Unit active in the Field. But the officers and men of
-the 85th were insistent in their outspoken demand—“We want our band.”
-The problem was how to keep the band from being broken up, and how to
-get the bandsmen, with their instruments, into France. It was achieved
-by the characteristic resourcefulness of the Commanding Officer and
-officers. When the 85th crossed to France the band was not on the
-establishment. The bandsmen, however, were brought over on the strength
-as fighting men, and the instruments came along too, somehow
-mysteriously, as part of the Quartermaster’s stores (Capt. Robert
-Donaldson was Quartermaster—and a kinder and more resourceful
-Quartermaster there was not in the Canadian Corps). The bandsmen and
-their instruments being in France, their fixed place on the
-establishment of the Battalion was finally adjusted by the authorities.
-
-The fame of this band soon spread throughout the 4th Division and the
-Canadian Corps, and into England; and it became a matter of perpetual
-demand for the 85th Band to be present and to play at concert parties
-and at parades and other functions of the Division and Brigade. This was
-due more particularly to the versatility of the band in _soloists_ and a
-_group of entertainers_ amongst the personnel, who formed a concert
-party by themselves. It is without question that Thomas Roy, euphonium
-soloist; Percival Barnes, piccolo and flute soloist; R. MacDougall and
-D. W. Cameron, cornet soloists; J. C. Profitt and Alex. Myers, clarinet
-soloists; Alex. (“Attell”) MacDougall, trombone soloist, and the
-trombone quartet (A. MacDougall, J. J. Gray, C. E. Purves, and James
-Roy) were as expert instrumentalists as the trained ear could wish to
-hear. They earned for the band its name for virtuosity and brilliancy.
-The group of entertainers comprised H. H. Murray, George Rackham, Frank
-(“Hunk”) A. Ryan, C. W. Appleton and Ronald MacDougall. Murray was vocal
-soloist, with band accompaniment, having a rounded cantabile baritone.
-He was also “the lead” in the theatrical entertainment, sketches and
-vaudeville, with Rackham as foil. Ryan, Appleton and R. MacDougall were
-step dancers, and Ryan was noted for his eccentric dancing specialties.
-The group, assisted by the other members of the band, also produced “The
-Old Homestead,” in costume, at the Front.
-
-On the day of the Great March of Triumph through London, May 3, 1919,
-the 85th Band made a distinct popular “hit” with the Londoners. The
-Director of Musical Services, noted the fact in the following official
-communication:
-
-                                                   “Argyll House,
-                                                     “London, W.I.,
-                                                       “May 5th, 1919.
-
-  “To—
-      ”LT.-COL. G. S. HARRINGTON,
-          “Deputy Minister, O.M.F.C.,
-              “34 Grosvenor St., W.I.
-
-  “SIR,—I have the honor to bring to your notice the musical report of
-  the bands marching through London:—
-
-  “‘The 85th Battalion Band, thirty performers, under Lieutenant
-  Mooney, Bandmaster. This famous marching band has been sadly
-  depleted by war losses, but gave a fine, spirited performance, which
-  was much admired.’
-
-                                   “I have the honor to be,
-                                           “Sir,
-                                       “Your Obedient Servant,
-                                               ”JASPER VALE-LANE,
-                                                   “Musical Director.”
-
-It should be noted that the band was considerably augmented when in
-France; and that one member, T. B. Davidson, died, while Ben. Hichens
-and H. Luscomb were killed in action. It should also be noted that the
-85th returned officers and men organized, under the name “The 85th
-Clansmen,” and “The 85th Memory Club,” to perpetuate the name of the
-Battalion and the memory of the fallen by reunions on the days of the
-engagements in which the Battalion took part.—L.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XV.
-                       _106th BATTALION, C.E.F._
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. R. INNES.]
-
-The 106th Battalion, Nova Scotia Rifles, was authorized on November 8,
-1915, and recruiting commenced at once. Being the first Rifle Battalion
-recruited in the Maritime Provinces, it appealed strongly to the members
-of the various rifle clubs and was soon up to strength.
-
-The standards of the Battalion were high. Regimental schools for the
-training of non-commissioned officers were established. The motto of the
-Battalion was “None So Reliable,” and all ranks sought to make the
-Battalion worthy to bear such a name.
-
-Headquarters were established at Truro, where two Companies were
-stationed; the other two Companies were stationed at Springhill and
-Truro.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. W. R. M‘ASKILL
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. R. H. SAWLER
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. A. H. WALKER
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. A. M. O’BRIEN
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. P. A. FULTON
-  (killed in action).]
-
-
-                            LIST OF OFFICERS.
-
- Lieut.-Col. Robert Innes            O.C.
- Major O. G. Heard                   Second in Command.
- Capt. C. M. Williams                Adjutant.
- Capt. G. M. Bryce                   Quartermaster.
- Capt. E. L. Miller                  Paymaster.
- Capt. W. L. Muir                    Medical Officer.
- Hon. Capt. G. McL. Dix              Chaplain.
- [1]Lieut. H. C. Dawson              Assistant Adjutant.
- Lieut. S. D. Morrison               Signalling Officer.
- Lieut. R. Flemming                  Machine Gun Officer.
- Lieut. J. T. Arenburg               Bandmaster.
- [1]Lieut. W. R. McAskill            Base Detail.
-
- “A” Company.
-        [1]Major E. W. Joy           O.C.
-        Capt. C. B. McMullen         Second in Command.
-        [1]Lieut. J. F. Hallisey
-        [1]Lieut. P. A. Fulton
-        Lieut. W. R. Cox
-        Lieut. F. S. Huntley
-
- “B” Company.
-        Major W. J. H. Moxom         O.C.
-        Capt. F. D. Dodsworth        Second in Command.
-        [1]Lieut. A. M. O’Brien
-        Lieut. M. McRae
-        [1]Lieut. A. H. Walker
-        Lieut. F. V. Burgess
-
- “C” Company.
-        Major J. A. McPherson        O.C.
-        Capt. E. J. Lounsberg        Second in Command.
-        Lieut. H. A. Allum
-        [1]Lieut. R. H. Sawler
-        [1]Lieut. C. E. Howson
-        Lieut. G. R. Harrison
-
- “D” Company.
-        Major J. R. Maxwell          O.C.
-        Capt. T. C. King             Second in Command.
-        Lieut. W. J. Brothers
-        Lieut. M. J. Dryden
-        Lieut. W. A. Livingstone
-        Lieut. G. C. McDermid
-
-The Battalion left Canada July 15, 1916, and encamped at Lower Dibgate,
-Shorncliffe, England. There it met the fate of many other Canadian
-Units, by being broken up into drafts to reinforce Battalions in the
-Field.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XVI.
-                       _112th BATTALION, C.E.F._
-
-
-Authority for the recruiting of the 112th Battalion, with headquarters
-in the historic town of Windsor, N.S., was granted in November, 1915.
-Its personnel was composed of officers and men drawn chiefly from the
-western part of Nova Scotia, embracing the counties of Halifax, Hants,
-Kings, Annapolis, Digby, Yarmouth, Shelburne, Queens and Lunenburg.
-Recruiting progressed with unique rapidity and by the middle of April,
-1916, the Battalion was at full strength. Over 1,500 men applied for
-enlistment, and of these about 300 were found medically unfit. The
-significance of this achievement will be seen when it is considered that
-it was accomplished without the aid of any extensive recruiting
-campaign, but by the united effort of each officer and man.
-
-In the early days of the Unit each county was allowed to keep a
-detachment, providing it numbered fifty men or more, who trained in
-their own locality until finally mobilized in Windsor in May, 1916.
-There the Battalion encamped on the hill of Fort Edward, where it was
-subjected to a rigorous training, and the progress made elicited much
-praise from Major-General Sir Sam Hughes, then Minister of Militia, who
-inspected the Unit about the beginning of July, 1916. The period of
-training at Windsor was one of keen enjoyment to all concerned. Its
-discipline was stern, its experience was at times hard, but the life was
-altogether wholesome and profitable, which was evidenced by the
-improvement in the bearing and appearance of the Unit during its short
-stay at Windsor.
-
-The Battalion was commanded by Lieut.-Col. H. B. Tremaine. The other
-officers were: Majors W. F. D. Brennan, second in command; T. M. Seely,
-M. S. Parker, T. A. Mulock; Capts. R. W. Churchill, O. G. Dauphinee
-(killed in action), R. T. Christie, J. Flemming (Adjutant), E. S. Spurr,
-M.C. (killed in action), M. P. Titus (Quartermaster), H. A. MacDonald
-(Paymaster), John St. C. McKay (Medical Officer), C. R. Cumming
-(Chaplain), G. R. Martell (Chaplain), Lieuts. J. T. Probert, M.C.
-(killed in action), R. S. Parsons, W. D. Comstock, J. W. Hughes, J. K.
-Swanson (killed in action), W. G. Foster (killed in action), G. M. Hebb
-(killed in action), A. M. Parsons, M.C., R. M. Morris, M.C., R. B.
-Logan, A. H. Creighton, P. L. Wilcox, J. W. G. Lardner, W. P. Harmon, W.
-H. Smith, J. C. Lithgow, R. W. Dill, E. W. Bell, C. C. Morash, M. L.
-Tupper (killed in action), W. J. Sangster, L. E. Langley (killed in
-action), R. Henshaw, R. M. McGregor (killed in action), O. H. Lunham, G.
-W. Banks, A. T. E. Crosby, H. L. Gates.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. WM. GORE FOSTER.]
-
-Capt. G. R. Martell, Rector of Christchurch, Windsor, N.S., and Chaplain
-of the Battalion throughout its organization, did splendid work in
-recruiting and was beloved by all ranks. Owing to his inability to
-proceed Overseas, the Rev. Charles R. Cummings was appointed Chaplain
-and held the position until transferred to hospital duty in England
-preparatory to proceeding to the Chaplain Services in France in January,
-1917. Captain Martell died in June, 1918.
-
-Colors for the 112th Battalion were made by Mrs. Annie Pratt, of
-Windsor, Nova Scotia, and were presented to the Battalion by Mrs.
-Tremaine, wife of the Commanding Officer, on Friday afternoon, July 21,
-1916. The Battalion was formed up in mass in front of the bandstand at
-Victoria Park, Windsor, and addresses were delivered by the Chaplain,
-Mayor Roach, and others. The next day the colors were deposited in
-Christchurch, Windsor, where the officers and men attended divine
-service.
-
-The 112th Battalion embarked at Halifax, July 23, 1916, on _H.M.T.
-Olympic_, and arrived at Liverpool on July 31st. Here it entrained and
-proceeded to Oxney Farm near Bramshott. The Unit remained there for
-about three weeks, after which it moved to Bramshott on the departure of
-the 4th Division for France. In Bramshott the Battalion was put through
-very intensive training, and on October 5th the first draft of 122 other
-ranks left for France to reinforce the 25th Battalion. On October 10th,
-212 other ranks and on October 29th, 40 other ranks were sent to the
-25th Battalion, all of whom proved to be a very welcome acquisition to
-that famous Unit. Other drafts found their way to the Royal Canadian
-Regiment. Most of the officers were detailed to special schools in
-various parts of England for a time, after which they were gradually
-absorbed by the Battalions already at the Front. At one time it was
-expected that the Battalion would become a Forestry Unit and be sent to
-France, but for some reason this did not eventuate, and the Battalion
-was gradually depleted until the remnant was finally merged into the
-26th Canadian Reserve Battalion in February, 1917.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XVII.
-            _THE 185th BATTALION (CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDERS)._
-
-
-                      BY CAPT. ANGUS L. M‘DONALD.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. F. P. DAY.]
-
-It is a difficult task indeed to compress a history of the 185th
-Battalion into the space allotted for the purpose in this book. It is a
-difficult task, because, if we exclude those Battalions that saw active
-service as complete Units, the history of the 185th is longer than that
-of any other Nova Scotia Battalion. It is a difficult task because,
-through this long association and through the high standard of
-efficiency to which the Battalion attained, there grew up between all
-ranks a spirit of pride in their Unit and of affectionate regard for
-each other, which may be fairly said to be almost unique, and which
-deserves a monument much grander and more enduring than this sketch can
-hope to raise.
-
-The origin of the 185th may be said to be in the 85th Nova Scotia
-Highland Battalion, recruited by Lieut.-Col. A. H. Borden in the autumn
-of 1915. The enthusiasm with which the people of Nova Scotia hailed the
-advent of the 85th Battalion engendered the more ambitious idea of a
-Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, and in the months of February and March,
-1916, there was conducted in Nova Scotia a recruiting campaign for the
-raising of three additional Battalions, to form, with the 85th, a
-complete Brigade. The remarkable success of that campaign is now part of
-our Nova Scotian history.
-
-The Island of Cape Breton was given the task of raising a Battalion, to
-be known as the 185th and to be under the command of Lieut.-Col. F. P.
-Day (then Major Day) of the 85th Battalion. Though Cape Breton had
-already given men to the colors, in numbers far in excess of her due
-proportion, nevertheless, the prospect of seeing active service with a
-Unit distinctly and entirely Cape Breton, so fired the imagination of
-the young men of the Island that in three weeks the Battalion was
-recruited to full strength.
-
-The system of recruiting employed was well calculated to obtain the best
-results. First, the officers were selected. Some of them were Cape
-Bretoners, serving with the 85th Battalion, a few came from the
-Officers’ Training Corps of the Colleges, but the majority were drawn
-from the 94th, the Cape Breton Militia Unit. These officers were sent
-out into their own native districts to recruit men for their own
-Companies or Platoons, and the assurance was given that men from the
-same locality would be placed together in the same Company, Platoon, or
-Section as the case might be, and under an officer from that locality.
-That assurance was kept sacredly.
-
-The motto selected for the Battalion was the same as that of the
-85th—“Siol Na Fear Fearail”—“Seed of Manly Men.” That motto was highly
-appropriate, for the ranks of the Battalion were in large part filled by
-descendants of Highlanders—those manly men who peopled Cape Breton in
-late 18th and early 19th centuries. To the Highland element in the
-population of Cape Breton the 185th made its greatest appeal, for the
-promise had been given that the Battalion should wear Highland garb, and
-the prospect of joining a Unit which should be clad in that picturesque
-and historic dress undoubtedly touched the Highland imagination. But the
-other races did not lag behind. The French, Irish and English elements
-were well represented, and there were not a few recruits of Italian and
-Russian extraction.
-
-“A” Company of the 185th came from the counties of Inverness, Victoria
-and Richmond; “B” Company from Glace Bay and New Waterford; “C” Company
-from North Sydney and Sydney Mines; and “D” Company from Sydney.
-Broughton, eighteen miles from Sydney, was chosen as a mobilization
-centre, and there the Battalion assembled during the first week of
-April, 1916.
-
-At Broughton, three bands, Pipe, Brass and Bugle were organized. The
-citizens of Glace Bay, the Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club, the “Green
-Feather” Societies of North Sydney and Sydney Mines, and Mr. Thomas
-Cantley, of New Glasgow, each presented four pipes and three drums to
-the Battalion. Money for the purchase of instruments for the Brass Band
-was subscribed by the citizens of Sydney. For the Regimental March, the
-stirring Highland air, “A Hundred Pipers,” was chosen.
-
-Broughton did not offer a suitable ground for advanced training; and so
-on May 26th, 1916, the Battalion entrained for Aldershot, N.S., where
-the Highland Brigade was to spend the summer of 1916, under the command
-of Lieut.-Col. A. H. Borden, who had recruited and commanded the 85th
-Battalion. The other Battalions of the Brigade were the 85th, 193rd and
-the 219th. During the summer the Brigade was reviewed by H.R.H. the Duke
-of Connaught, Governor-General of Canada; by Sir Sam Hughes, Canadian
-Minister of Militia; by Major-General Lessard, Inspector-General for
-Canada. It was twice reviewed by Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of
-Canada. On the last visit of Sir Robert Borden, he was accompanied by
-Lady Borden, who presented colors to the Battalion. The colors are of
-beautiful design, rich material and elegant workmanship. They were
-received on behalf of the Battalion by Major Harrington and Lieutenants
-Purves and Livingstone, and were blessed by Capt. Michael Gillis, Roman
-Catholic Chaplain to the Battalion. (The colors were taken to England
-with the Battalion and after the War were returned to Canada, deposited
-in the Cape Breton County Court House at Sydney.)
-
-On October 4th the Battalion underwent successfully at the hands of
-Major-General Lessard its last inspection in Canada. Preparations for
-embarking for England were begun and on October 11th the 185th bade
-good-bye to Aldershot and entrained for Halifax. That evening they
-marched on board “His Majesty’s Transport, 2810,” the war-time
-designation of the great steamship _Olympic_.
-
-At five o’clock on the evening of October 13th the _Olympic_ steamed out
-of Halifax Harbor, bearing the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, surely the
-most precious cargo that Nova Scotia ever entrusted to the mighty
-Atlantic. The docks at Halifax were thronged on that day with thousands
-of people from all parts of Nova Scotia who had come to say good-bye—in
-many cases unfortunately a last good-bye—to relatives and friends. Nova
-Scotia loves her own, sorrows over their departure from her bosom, and
-watches their fortunes under foreign skies with a fond eye and an
-anxious heart. I was told in London that, after any battle in which
-Canadian troops had taken part, there were more enquiries at Canadian
-Headquarters in London, from Nova Scotians, than from people of any
-other Province of Canada. I could well believe this to have been so, for
-in Nova Scotia character, friendship and loyalty to kith and kin are
-outstanding characteristics.
-
-The officers of the 185th at the time of sailing for England were as
-follows:
-
- Honorary Colonel                    Col. D. H. MacDougall.
- Officer Commanding                  Lieut.-Col. Frank P. Day.
- Second in Command                   Major J. G. Johnstone.
- Adjutant                            Capt. R. C. Jackson.
- Medical Officer                     Capt. J. A. Munro.
- Paymaster                           Capt. R. MacDougall.
- Quartermaster                       Capt. J. T. Malone.
- Protestant Chaplain                 Capt. A. J. MacDonald.
- R. C. Chaplain                      Capt. Michael Gillis.
- Machine Gun Officer                 Lieut. J. A. Holland.
-
- “A” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Capt. J. MacIsaac.
-        Second in Command            Capt. A. L. Macdonald.
-        Lieutenants                  H. N. Price, John MacKenzie, J. D.
-                                       MacKenzie, E. M. Johnstone.
-
- “B” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Major G. S. Harrington.
-        Second in Command            Capt. A. J. MacInnis.
-        Lieutenants                  C. MacLeod, W. F. Carroll, J. A.
-                                       McKinnon, J. H. MacIvor.
-
- “C” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Capt. W. W. Nicholson.
-        Second in Command            Capt. Alex. MacDonald.
-        Lieutenants                  T. D. A. Purves, D. N. MacDonald,
-                                       L. G. MacCorrison.
-
- “D” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Major J. W. Maddin.
-        Second in Command            Capt. C. W. Sutherland.
-        Lieutenants                  A. M. Fraser, D. M. Wiswell, G. D.
-                                       Crowell, D. Livingstone.
-
-The voyage from Halifax to Liverpool was made in a little over five
-days. The Battalion disembarked on the morning of October 19th, the Pipe
-Band playing the men down the gangway. Immediately the train was taken
-to Witley Camp, which was reached after a journey of eight hours. Here
-the Battalion settled down to work as part of the 12th Canadian Infantry
-Training Brigade, which name replaced the old name, “Nova Scotia
-Highland Brigade.”
-
-In early December there came tidings which nearly every Canadian
-Battalion that ever went to England had grown to dread. The Battalion
-was called on to supply a draft of 192 men for France. The other
-Battalions of the Brigade had received similar orders, the total number
-of men required from the Brigade being 800. The call for these drafts
-seemed to spell the disruption of the Brigade, notwithstanding promises
-to the contrary in Canada. The strongest protests were made by officers
-of the Brigade, but to no avail. On December 5th the drafts set out for
-Southampton whence they were to embark for Havre. The 185th sent 20 men
-to the 42nd (Montreal) Battalion, and 172 men to the 73rd Battalion,
-also of Montreal.
-
-Each Battalion of the Brigade had now been considerably reduced in
-strength, and the Canadian authorities in England decided to amalgamate
-the 219th with the 85th Battalion, and the 193rd with the 185th
-Battalion. Officers and men in any one of these four Units who were not
-physically fit were sent to the 17th Nova Scotia Reserve Battalion at
-Bramshott. The Nova Scotia Highland Brigade was no more, and the hope in
-every heart now was that the two Battalions—85th and 185th—which
-constituted what was left of that Brigade, might reach France as Units.
-
-After the amalgamation of the 193rd, the officers of the 185th were as
-follows:—
-
- Officer Commanding                  Lieut.-Col. F. P. Day.
- Second in Command                   Lieut.-Col. R. J. S. Langford.
- Adjutant                            Major J. W. MacDonald.
- Medical Officer                     Capt. J. A. Munro.
- Quartermaster                       Capt. F. C. Baird.
- Paymaster                           Capt. R. MacDougall.
- Assistant Adjutant                  Lieut. W. E. Macdonald.
- Machine Gun Officer                 Lieut. J. A. Holland.
- Musketry Officer                    Lieut. D. M. Wiswell.
- Scout Officer                       Lieut. H. N. Price.
- Bombing Officer                     Lieut. J. D. MacKenzie.
-
- “A” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Capt. J. MacIsaac.
-        Second in Command            Capt. A. L. Macdonald.
-        Lieutenants                  John MacKenzie, E. M. Johnstone, T.
-                                       E. Logan, C. J. Markham.
-
- “B” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Major J. P. LeGallais.
-        Second in Command            Capt. F. B. Schurman.
-        Lieutenants                  J. A. McKinnon, J. H. MacIvor, J.
-                                       Soy, P. T. Andrews, H. A.
-                                       Dickson, A. D. Baxter.
-
- “C” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Capt. W. W. Nicholson.
-        Second in Command            Capt. Alex. Macdonald.
-        Lieutenants                  D. J. MacGillivray, H. F. Orman, L.
-                                       G. MacCorrison, H. D. Cunningham,
-                                       D. Livingstone.
-
- “D” Company—
-        Officer Commanding           Capt. R. C. Jackson.
-        Second in Command            Capt. C. W. Sutherland.
-        Lieutenants                  A. M. Fraser, J. O. MacLeod, J. J.
-                                       Murray, G. D. Crowell, H. C.
-                                       Lowther.
-
-About this time the Battalion received permission to use as its official
-name, “185th Canadian Infantry Battalion (Cape Breton Highlanders),”
-instead of “185th Canadian Infantry Battalion,” as before.
-
-In the spring of 1917, the 5th Canadian Division was organized at Witley
-Camp, under the command of Major-General Garnet Hughes, who had already
-won high distinction in France. The 185th was given a place in that
-Division. The Division was assured that it would be sent to France, and
-in that hope it set to work with such earnestness that in the summer of
-1917 it was regarded as one of the most efficient Divisions that had
-ever trained in England. The 185th by hard and persevering work had won
-the reputation of being unexcelled, and by many unbiased observers it
-was regarded as unequalled, in the whole Division. Certainly, the
-Battalion was often specially complimented by Inspecting Officers and
-was often singled out for particular honor. At the great Dominion Day
-Parade in London, in 1917, the Guard of Honor for the Colors was drawn
-from the 185th. Again and again its teams won from other Battalion teams
-in competitions in Musketry, Bayonet Fighting, Physical Training, Drill
-and Machine Gun Work.
-
-From the first the men had looked forward eagerly to the day when kilts
-would be issued to the Battalion. Their wish was realized in August,
-1917, when kilts of the Argyll and Sutherland tartan were authorized to
-be worn, and sufficient kilts were sent to the Quartermaster to clothe
-the whole Battalion.
-
-Reference has been made already to the promise given to the 5th Division
-that it would go to France intact. That promise was repeated several
-times, and the hope that it would be kept was the only ground on which
-men could be induced to remain contentedly in England. But no phrase has
-done better service during the War than the phrase “military
-exigencies,” and it was invoked once again to justify the disbanding of
-the 5th Division in February, 1918.
-
-Coincident with the breakup of the Division came the order to the 185th
-to furnish a draft of two officers and one hundred men to each of the
-three Nova Scotian Battalions in France—the 25th, 85th and R.C.R. All
-the men at once volunteered. Sergeants reverted to the rank of private
-in order to get to France more quickly; Colonels reverted and became
-Majors; Majors became Captains and Captains Subalterns. The drafts for
-France were finally selected, and the rest of the Battalion was ordered
-to be sent to Bramshott, to be absorbed by the 17th Reserve. On February
-23rd the Battalion paraded for the last time, the drafts for France
-stood fast, the draft for Bramshott swung out on the London-Portsmouth
-Road, the pipers played their last march, and the 185th passed out of
-existence as an Overseas Unit forever.
-
-It is idle now to lament its unhappy fate, or to deplore the peculiar
-policy that was pursued toward it and other Battalions of the 5th
-Division, but Cape Bretoners everywhere will always have difficulty in
-restraining a regretful sigh over the lot of their own and only
-Battalion. Let it always be remembered, however, that through no fault
-of its own did the 185th fail to reach France as a Unit. It kept faith
-with the people of Cape Breton, and it established a standard which any
-Battalion might be proud to emulate.
-
-But though there never fell to this Battalion the supreme honor of
-battle or the glory of triumph, its individual members went forth to
-war, stronger in training, in discipline, in comradeship and in spirit
-from their association with the Cape Breton Highlanders. Every officer
-of the Battalion saw service in some theatre of war, and five of them
-now sleep on the field of honor—Lieutenants Fraser, Holland, MacIvor,
-Livingstone and J. O. MacLeod. Nearly every other officer of the
-Battalion has been wounded, and several have been decorated for bravery.
-Of the men it is enough to say that incomplete returns show that 136 of
-them fell in action. On their graves may the turf lie lightly. Truer
-hearts or more gallant spirits never fought for any cause, and to them
-we may be sure that every Cape Breton tongue will apply with heartfelt
-sincerity the words that have been chosen for the crosses that will mark
-the graves of British soldiers buried in France—“Their Name Liveth
-Forevermore.”
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. A. FRASER
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. H. M‘IVOR
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. D. LIVINGSTONE
-  (killed in action).]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. JOHN T. MALONE
-  (died on active service).]
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XVIII.
-                         _THE 193rd BATTALION._
-
-
-The 193rd Battalion was authorized on January 27, 1916, and John
-Stanfield, M.P. for Colchester, in the Dominion House of Commons, was
-gazetted Lieut.-Colonel and appointed Commanding Officer.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. JOHN STANFIELD.]
-
-For a few weeks following this date the 193rd Battalion was not regarded
-as a Highland Brigade Battalion, but on February 23, 1916,
-Lieut.-Colonel Stanfield was officially notified that the 193rd had been
-selected as one of the Brigade Units.
-
-Organization for recruiting had already been effected, and the 193rd
-was in a position to join in the Brigade campaign at once. The
-territory of the Battalion embraced the six Eastern Counties of the
-Mainland—Cumberland, Colchester, Hants, Pictou, Antigonish and
-Guysboro, with headquarters at Truro. Within one month the Battalion
-was over strength.
-
-On March 24th Capt. J. L. Ralston, of the 85th Battalion, reported for
-duty as Acting Adjutant. His assistance was invaluable and counted for
-much in these early days of organization. Capt. J. Welsford MacDonald
-relieved him on April 7th and was appointed Adjutant. He was later
-succeeded by Capt. F. B. Schurman.
-
-In February Lieut.-Colonel Stanfield had asked for the services of Capt.
-R. J. S. Langford, of the Royal Canadian Regiment, Halifax. On April
-18th Captain Langford was attached to the 193rd, with the rank of Major,
-was appointed second in command and took over the duties of officer in
-charge of training. The high standard of efficiency to which the
-Battalion later attained was brought about by Major Langford’s
-enthusiastic and unremitting efforts.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. “TOMMY” LOGAN.
-  Killed in action.]
-
-The mobilization of the Battalions of the Highland Brigade at Camp
-Aldershot in May, 1916, is dealt with elsewhere in this volume. The
-193rd arrived in Camp 300 men over strength.
-
-Early in September the Brigadier, Lieut.-Colonel Borden, left for
-England, and was succeeded in the command of the Brigade by
-Lieut.-Colonel Stanfield. Major Langford took over the command of the
-Battalion with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-
-On September 26th, Lady Borden, wife of the Premier of Canada, presented
-King’s and Regimental Colors to the four Battalions of the Brigade. The
-distinctive color selected by the 193rd was “Royal Blue.”
-
-The Battalion embarked on the _Olympic_, October 12th. The officers at
-that time were:
-
-            Lieut.-Col. R. J. S. Langford O.C
-            Major J. P. LeGallais         Second in Command.
-            Capt. F. B. Schurman          Adjutant.
-            Capt. F. C. Baird             Quartermaster.
-            Capt. C. S. McArthur          Paymaster.
-            Capt. E. D. McLean            Medical Officer.
-            Capt. J. F. Tupper            Chaplain.
-
-  “A” COMPANY—Major A. T. McLean, Company Commander; Capt. C. A. Good,
-  Second in Command; Lieuts. H. F. Orman, D. J. McGillivray P.
-  Andrews, H. A. Dickson.
-
-  “B” Company—Capt. R. K. Smith, Company Commander; Capt. R. G. McKay,
-  Second in Command; Lieuts. N. C. Christie, J. M. Soy, H. C. Lowther,
-  C. F. Wetmore.
-
-  “C” COMPANY—Major A. A. Sturley, Company Commander; Capt. A. B.
-  Todd, Second in Command; Lieuts. H. DeW. Cunningham, H. B. Potter,
-  J. A. Ross, C. J. Markham.
-
-  “D” COMPANY—Major J. W. MacDonald, Company Commander; Capt. G.
-  McQuarrie, Second in Command; Lieuts. J. O. McLeod, W. E. McDonald,
-  T. E. Logan, J. J. Murray.
-
-A few weeks after arrival at Witley Camp, Lieut.-Colonel Borden returned
-from the Front and resumed command of the Brigade. Lieut.-Colonel
-Stanfield, owing to ill-health, was invalided back to Canada. When the
-Brigade was broken up in December, 1916, the following officers, with
-300 other ranks, were transferred to the 185th Battalion: Lieut.-Colonel
-R. J. S. Langford, Major J. P. LeGallais, Major J. W. MacDonald, Capt.
-F. B. Schurman, Capt. F. C. Baird, Lieuts. H. F. Orman, D. J.
-McGillivray, P. Andrews, H. A. Dickson, J. M. Soy, H. DeW. Cunningham,
-C. J. Markham, J. O. McLeod, W. E. McDonald, J. J. Murray.
-
-The remainder marched to Bramshott, where they were absorbed early in
-January, 1917, by the 17th Reserve Battalion, and used as reinforcements
-to the Nova Scotian Battalions in the Field.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XIX.
-                       _219th BATTALION, C.E.F._
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. W. H. MUIRHEAD.]
-
-In the limited space allowed for this article it is necessary to omit
-references to the stirring events which marked the recruiting of the
-Battalions of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, the 185th in Cape
-Breton, the 193rd in Pictou, Colchester, Cumberland and Hants Counties,
-and the 219th in Halifax and the Western Counties of the Province. Each
-contributed to the popular enthusiasm, and through the agency of the
-press any unusual success in one part was heralded throughout the
-Province and bore fruit in distant sections.
-
-In Halifax and the Western Counties, while there were many agencies at
-work, too numerous to mention, they naturally centred around the
-extraordinary series of meetings addressed by Colonel Borden and Captain
-Cutten, when, accompanied by the 85th Band, they made their historic
-tour, commencing at Lunenburg on February 26, 1916, and ending at
-Wolfville on March 12th. They touched at all the chief points on the
-Halifax and South Western Railway and returned by the Dominion Atlantic
-as far as Wolfville. While active recruiting in many places had preceded
-and prepared for their arrival, the extraordinary enthusiasm aroused by
-their speeches and by the martial strains of the band formed an epoch in
-each community.
-
-Recruits enrolled were billeted in their own towns, and detachments
-marched into Camp Aldershot on June 1st from Lunenburg, Mahone Bay,
-Bridgewater, Lockport, Caledonia, Shelburne, Clarke’s Harbor,
-Barrington, Yarmouth, Weymouth, Trenton, Digby, Bear River, Annapolis,
-Berwick, Bridgetown, Kentville, Wolfville, Dartmouth and Halifax.
-
-The first Battalion orders on record were issued on March 6th by Major
-E. C. Phinney, who had been placed in temporary command of the 219th.
-Lieut. C. Holland was appointed Acting Adjutant. For some time the
-orders were chiefly concerned with the large accessions to the strength
-of the Battalion, daily reported, as the result of Colonel Borden’s
-successful tour, and the formation of the various detachments. These
-recruits were now arranged in four companies, “A” in Halifax, “B”
-comprising the territory from Mahone Bay to Clarke’s Harbor, “C” from
-Yarmouth to Bear River, and “D” from Annapolis to Wolfville.
-
-The first public parade of “A” Company was on May 27th to St. Matthew’s
-Church to attend the memorial service for Lieutenant Campbell, who had
-been killed in action, and who was the son of Mr. G. S. Campbell, one of
-the most active spirits in the recruiting campaign.
-
-In the history of the 219th there is a humorous distinction between the
-first funeral procession and the first actual funeral of one of its
-members. One night in the early spring a fire occurred in a house in
-Barrington Street. Unfortunately the inmates could not be extricated in
-time, and some fatalities resulted. The charred remains of one body was
-identified as that of Metrofan Meik, a Russian recruit in the 219th. The
-funeral took place from St. Mary’s Cathedral. A firing party was
-furnished by “C” Company of the 85th. The Last Post was sounded and full
-military honors paid to the dead. Next morning who should report in the
-orderly room but Metrofan himself, very much alive and feeling greatly
-the better for his leave, which had now expired. Who it was that was
-buried with military honors has never been discovered to this hour.
-
-The first actual funeral of a soldier in the 219th took place on May
-2nd, from the Military Hospital in Halifax. The deceased was Private
-Edwards, a native of England. The services were conducted by Hon.
-Captain MacKinnon.
-
-It was on Wednesday, February 23rd, that a letter came from Ottawa
-authorizing the formation of the 219th and granting permission to
-appoint Major E. C. Phinney, of the 85th as temporary O.C. It was he who
-had the task of organizing the 219th, and the manner in which he
-accomplished this is a fine tribute to his executive ability. For the
-first few days he was assisted by Lieut. C. Holland, who acted as
-Adjutant. In the beginning of April a rumor was in circulation that the
-Highland Brigade was not to materialize and that the 85th was to proceed
-immediately Overseas. Rather than miss this opportunity of going to the
-Front, Major Phinney relinquished his position as Commanding Officer of
-the 219th and went back to his former position in the 85th.
-
-On April 8th Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons became temporary C.O. of the
-219th. He planned a tour of inspection, but his purpose was frustrated
-by a serious illness. Lieutenant Holland, who afterwards became Staff
-Captain in the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, was succeeded as Acting
-Adjutant by Lieut. John S. Roper. He along with Major Rudland and
-Lieutenant Wylie had been one of a Military Committee to assist in the
-formation of the Battalion. He remained Adjutant throughout its whole
-history.
-
-By May 4th Colonel Parsons felt sufficiently recovered to proceed with
-his tour of inspection, and during his absence the duties of command
-devolved on Major H. D. Creighton. But the atmosphere was surcharged
-with uncertainty and the Battalion was beginning to suffer for want of a
-permanent head. Lieut.-Col. Parsons returned to the 85th, and, with him,
-Major Creighton. At last on May 5th, Lieut.-Col. W. H. Muirhead assumed
-command. Immediately the unrest ceased, and the Battalion settled itself
-to the business of training.
-
-On the outbreak of the War Colonel Muirhead went at once to the new camp
-at Valcartier and was given an appointment on the Divisional
-Headquarters Staff. But being unmarried and anxious to take his part in
-the actual fighting, he transferred to the Royal Canadian Dragoons
-before the First Canadian Contingent sailed, reverting to the rank of
-Lieutenant. Early in May, 1915, he crossed to France in the Canadian
-Cavalry Brigade, which included, with the Dragoons, the Strathcona Horse
-and the 2nd King Edward Horse. For nine months he was in the trenches,
-and witnessed some of the fiercest fighting of the War.
-
-In Canada the idea was gaining ground that new troops should be
-instructed in the latest methods of warfare, and this could only be done
-by bringing some of the officers from the Front. Colonel Muirhead was
-subsequently appointed second in command of the 112th, which was
-recruiting at the time, and he returned in January, 1916. As above
-stated he took over the 219th on May 5th. His keen intelligence, long
-familiarity with business methods, together with the stern experience he
-had known at the Front, fitted him in quite an exceptional manner for
-the command and training of a Battalion.
-
-The Battalions at Camp Aldershot were arranged in order of seniority.
-Nearest to Aldershot Station was placed the 85th, and then in order the
-185th, 193rd and 219th. Beyond the lines of the 219th were quartered the
-97th, “The American Legion,” made up of men from the United States, who
-had come to take their share in the fight for the freedom of the world.
-
-Later in the season the waste land beyond the 97th was cleared and
-became the home of the 246th, the reserve Unit of the Brigade. It might
-be of interest to mention that the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade wore
-Balmoral caps with feathers. The feathers were dark gray, but each one
-of them had a distinctive coloring. In the 85th, it was red; in the
-185th, green; in the 193rd, blue; and in the 219th, purple.
-
-Naturally changes took place in the personnel of the officers of the
-219th, especially late in the season, when the 246th was formed. But the
-following list represents with fair accuracy the situation during most
-of the summer:
-
-             Officer Commanding Lieut.-Col. W. H. Muirhead.
-             Second in Command  Major M. E. Roscoe.
-             Adjutant           Lieut. J. S. Roper.
-             Quartermaster      Major F. W. W. Doane.
-             Paymaster          Hon. Capt. H. D. Henry.
-             Medical Officer    Capt. D. P. Churchill.
-             Chaplain           Hon. Capt. C. MacKinnon.
-
-  “A” COMPANY—Major J. Rudland, Company Commander; Capt. H. A. Kent,
-  Second in Command (Capt. Kent, after going Overseas, became Company
-  Commander of “C” Company); Lieuts. V. G. Rae, E. R. Clayton, A. D.
-  Macdonald, R. D. Graham.
-
-  “B” COMPANY—Capt. M. C. Denton, Company Commander; Capt. E. C.
-  Miller, Second in Command (after going Overseas Capt. Miller became
-  Company Commander); Lieuts. W. M. L. Robertson, J. Belyea, A. C.
-  King, E. J. Hallett.
-
-  “C” COMPANY—Major A. K. Van Horne, Company Commander; (after going
-  Overseas, Captain Kent); Lieut. G. D. Blackadar, Second in Command
-  (after going Overseas, Capt. H. E. Crowell); Lieuts. H. E. Crowell,
-  N. L. Chipman, W. J. Wright, Kenneth Campbell, who went over in a
-  draft during the summer.
-
-  “D” COMPANY—Capt. G. H. Cutten, Company Commander; Capt. W. Noblett,
-  Second in Command (Capt. Cutten became Major in the 246th and Capt.,
-  afterwards Major, H. K. Emerson, recently returned from the front,
-  took command of “D” Company); Lieuts. A. D. Borden, J. P. McFarlane,
-  J. C. M. Vereker and E. R. Power.
-
-In addition to these officers were Lieut. H. A. Love in charge of
-Signalling Section, and Lieut. W. L. Black of the Machine Gun Section.
-
-During the summer Hon. Captain Father O’Sullivan was added. He was
-employed most of the time in raising the “Purple Feather Fund,” and
-spent only a week or two in camp.
-
-The Battalion was fortunate in its Sergeant-Major, A. S. Ward, who
-blended a strict sense of duty with a genial disposition and secured
-alike the approbation of the officers and the respect of the men.
-
-The Camp had not been long established at Aldershot when it was honored
-by a visit from Sir Sam Hughes, the Minister of Militia. On June 11th,
-at 6 a.m. the Brigade was paraded. Although there had only been a few
-days of united training, the impression produced upon the Minister was
-quite noticeable, and ever afterwards he showed a kindly appreciation of
-the Nova Scotia Highlanders.
-
-On August 9th the Camp was honored by another distinguished visitor, Sir
-Robert Borden, the Premier of Canada, who was accompanied by the Hon.
-David MacKeen, the Lieut.-Governor of Nova Scotia. The March Past was
-excellent, and the Premier, a native of the Province, was pleased to
-speak words of heartfelt appreciation and encouragement. Another
-inspection was made on August 15th, but this was more of a formal
-military character and lacked the general significance of the previous
-reviews.
-
-The red-letter days of the Brigade’s whole history at Aldershot were
-Friday the 25th and Saturday the 26th of August. On Friday the Camp was
-thrown open to the public, who flocked thither from every part of the
-Province. The resources of the railway were taxed to the utmost. Fully
-eight thousand people visited the grounds and witnessed the March Past.
-They were relatives of “the boys,” and nothing revealed more clearly how
-tenderly the thought of the Province centred about the rows of white
-tents, where the flower of its manhood was encamped. By a happy thought
-the Camp Commandant, Col. W. E. Thompson, added to the ordinary review
-exercises a short march in column of route, so the men would pass
-immediately in front of their many friends.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  H.R.H. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT INSPECTING THE HIGHLAND BRIGADE AT
-    ALDERSHOT CAMP, SEPTEMBER, 1916.]
-
-On Saturday morning Field-Marshall His Royal Highness the Duke of
-Connaught arrived. Exhilarated by the enthusiasm of the previous day,
-the Brigade excelled itself in its manoeuvres, and especially in the
-March Past. His Royal Highness, who was too fine a soldier to be guilty
-of a meaningless expression, declared that he had not inspected anything
-finer in the Dominion of Canada.
-
-One other function completes the tale of reviews. It was the
-presentation of colors by Lady Borden to the four Battalions on Monday,
-September 25th. No little practice was necessary for the involved
-movements connected with the ceremony. Once again the weather was
-propitious; the sunbeams kissed the silken colors as they were unfurled
-to the breeze, and rousing cheers greeted the declaration of the Premier
-that they would shortly be sent over the seas.
-
-That afternoon a competition was commenced between the various platoons
-of the Brigade, which resulted in the award going to the “thirteenth
-platoon” of the 219th, and as a sign that they had won, they were
-permitted to wear their feathers with the edge trimmed.
-
-On Friday, September 26th, a message arrived ordering the Brigade to be
-ready to go Overseas in six days, and cancelling all leave for officers
-and men. The announcement of this approaching embarkation would by
-itself have been sensational enough, but when it came accompanied by an
-order that no one should have the privilege of seeing his home again,
-the men were fairly stunned. All had counted on a “farewell” leave. At
-first everyone seemed paralyzed. Then their resolution took shape. It
-was not in the Colonel’s power to grant leave but, though a strict
-disciplinarian, he understood the situation and felt a deep sympathy for
-the men, and determined that his attitude should be as lenient as
-possible. The men were resolute to see their homes, many of which were
-in the vicinity of the Camp. Every effort was made to stop them. Cordons
-with fixed bayonets were placed around the station at Kentville. But all
-to no purpose. The majority simply rose and went. They hired motor cars,
-mounted horses, or even walked. For a moment there was a sense of alarm
-and humiliation, which quickly changed to confidence and pride as the
-men came streaming back, satisfied that they had seen their friends and
-ready to do their duty in facing the foe. This unauthorized farewell
-furlough was not confined to the 219th but was general in the 185th and
-the 193rd as well.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The six days’ warning was, of course, a mere preliminary measure but
-definite orders at last arrived for the 219th to march out on the 12th
-of October at 5 a.m. Never did Halifax seem lovelier than in the bright
-autumn air as the Battalion marched along Barrington Street and up
-Spring Garden Road and through South Park Street to the Common, where a
-vast company of friends and well-wishers had congregated to say
-good-bye. Ranks were broken and the soldiers mingled freely with the
-people. The “Fall In” sounded, the band struck up a lively air, and the
-march was resumed until the gates of the docks closed behind the last
-file. Opportunities of further adieus were granted in the afternoon
-within the limit of the dock, and then for the final time the troops
-climbed the long gangways to the decks of the transport.
-
-All night the _Olympic_ lay at the pier. On Friday afternoon she moved
-up to Bedford Basin. Life belts were passed out and alarms practised.
-During the afternoon, when rumors that we were doomed to several days’
-detention in the basin were at their height, the anchor was quietly
-raised and almost noiselessly the ship began to glide down the harbor.
-But the movement was quickly noticed on shore, and the tooting of tugs
-and the cheering of the crowds that rushed to the pier heads showed that
-the “boys” had not been forgotten by their friends. The shades of night
-were gathering in as Cape Sambro fell astern, and the twinkle of its
-kindly light was Nova Scotia’s farewell. Betting in New York had run as
-high as twenty to one that the _Olympic_ would be sunk because the
-notorious German submarine U53, which had committed serious depredations
-off Nantucket, was reported to be in the vicinity. Whatever anxiety may
-have been felt by those on the bridge, seemed not in the slightest
-degree to have reached the troops below, who had a confidence in the
-British seamanship that was almost sublime.
-
-On Tuesday night two destroyers picked up the ship and acted as
-consorts. Wednesday morning the coast of Ireland was in view, and
-Wednesday evening anchor was dropped in the Mersey, the voyage having
-been completed in four days and nineteen hours. We sailed on a Friday,
-and the thirteenth at that, but war has exploded the superstitions of
-the world along with many other things.
-
-Two or three hours were required for the disembarkation. Eight trains
-were required for the whole Brigade, and they were started at various
-intervals of time. The last two carried the 219th. It was nearly
-midnight when the train drew into the siding at Milford Station and,
-resuming their packs, the men began their two miles’ march into Camp.
-
-Witley Camp was situated on Witley Common, a sandy tract covered with
-scattered pines, known as Scotch fir, and with few houses in the
-vicinity. Milford Village was a mile and a half away, and Godalming
-three miles. The nearest town was Guildford, eight miles off. The county
-was Surrey, and the landscape among the most picturesque in all England.
-
-After the first cold snap that greeted the troops on their arrival,
-milder conditions prevailed; the air became balmy; the fresh, full
-foliage on the trees, and the fragrance of the flowers still in bloom
-seemed to carry summer into December. But as November drew into December
-cold mists settled into the valley where Witley Camp lay, and caused an
-acrid chill that seemed to eat into the marrow of the bone. Influenza
-(known as “flu” or “grippe”) invaded the Camp. The sick parade in the
-morning increased by leaps and bounds; the general hospital at Bramshott
-and the sick detention hut of the Brigade were filled and could take no
-more. A special hut in the Battalion lines was secured and in a few days
-crowded out, and even the spare accommodation in the medical room was
-covered with bed boards on which lay fevered and coughing men. December
-will remain to the troops at Witley Camp something of a nightmare.
-
-No one as yet seriously believed, or at least publicly announced, that
-the Highland Brigade would not be held together. Had not the Minister of
-Militia plighted his word to that effect? Had it not been a promise to
-the men when they enlisted? Towards the end of November, however,
-sinister rumors began to filter through and culminated on the 30th
-November in the call for the first draft for France. Immediately the
-Camp was in a hubbub of excitement, for the draft required 800 men from
-the Brigade, and this obviously meant its dismemberment. All reasonable
-means that might avert the blow were employed, but the order was
-explicit. No officers were to go except those in charge of drafts, and
-they were to return from France whenever their duty was accomplished.
-All non-commissioned officers chosen were to revert to the rank of
-private. Ultimately 115 went from the 219th under the command of
-Lieutenant King. The Brigadier addressed a few parting words, and to the
-strains of martial music and the skirl of the pipes the proud lads
-marched away leaving a thoughtful Camp behind. What was to be the fate
-of those who remained? Rumor again became busy, hope revived and old
-predictions were renewed, when once more with dramatic swiftness the axe
-fell and when it accomplished its business the Highland Brigade was no
-more. No one could have attempted to parry the blow more resolutely than
-the Brigadier. He felt keenly the pledges that had been given and the
-injustice to Nova Scotia; and his efforts were not without a measure of
-success. Two Battalions of the four were preserved, the 85th and the
-185th. Into the 85th some 350 men, nearly all the Lieutenants and Major
-Rudland, were drafted from the 219th. A large number from the 193rd were
-put into the 185th. The 85th received orders to prepare at once to go
-Overseas, though this was not actually accomplished until February 10th.
-The 185th was “slated” for the Fifth Division, and it was to remain in
-Witley Camp. The remainder of the Highland Brigade were to proceed to
-Bramshott Camp. It was in the last week of December that the large
-draft, carefully selected and splendidly fit, changed their feathers
-from purple to red and went over to the lines of the 85th. The officers
-packed their kits and the happy fellowship of the Mess Room, that had
-lasted from the happy days of concentration in sunny Aldershot, was
-dissolved, alas, never in its completeness to reassemble again.
-
-Between five and six hundred of the 219th Battalion still remained. Kits
-and trunks were packed, adieus paid, our temporary English home broken
-up, and promptly at 12 o’clock Saturday, December 30th; the Purple
-Feather ranks, now varied with blue and green and red feathers, moved
-off headed by the 85th Band. The Battalion settled down in a pleasant
-part of the Bramshott Camp, on the brow of a hill overlooking the
-picturesque dale through which flowed a streamlet gathered from the
-meadows of Haslemere, Shottermill and Hammer. It was the country of
-George Eliot and of Tennyson’s later years. Many travellers had come to
-it, but never any on so strange an errand.
-
-Presently there appeared in Camp the Old 17th. It had been the first
-Nova Scotian Unit sent Overseas. Apart from its Commanding Officer,
-Lieut.-Colonel Cameron, it possessed hardly any Nova Scotians; it was
-officered and its ranks were filled almost exclusively by Western
-Canadians. This Battalion, like the famous Minotaur, had fed on the
-remnants of many others in its time. Would the Highland Brigade succumb
-to the usual fate or would it prove an indigestible morsel?
-
-At the commencement of 1917 a change of policy was inaugurated affecting
-all the Canadian Camps in England. Witley was reserved for the Fifth
-Division. In the others the Training Brigades became reserve ones, which
-would have a full strength of 8,000 each, and each Reserve Battalion
-(2,000 in strength) would have some definite fighting Unit at the Front
-to which it would send reinforcements whenever required. The 17th was
-made a Reserve Battalion in the 5th Reserve Brigade; it was to reinforce
-the 25th and 85th and to be distinctively Nova Scotian; it was ordered
-to take over the 219th and 193rd. Officially the whale swallowed Jonah,
-but in the curious and unscriptural sequel Jonah took over the control
-of the whale from the inside. This second transformation was undoubtedly
-due to the fact that the 17th Reserve was to become a Nova Scotian Unit
-and naturally Nova Scotians assumed the dominant role; and these were to
-be found in the ranks of the Highland Brigade. But it was also due to a
-stubborn and persistent _esprit de corps_ that had always characterized
-the 219th.
-
-The formal transference took place on January 23rd, and that date marks
-the end of the 219th as a distinct military Unit, and forms a fitting
-close to this article. It has been the story of a splendid Battalion
-into which the Western Counties of Nova Scotia poured their best manhood
-with unstinted patriotism. It represents the finest sacrifice ever made
-by the loyal enthusiasm of that part of the Province. Fisherman, farmer,
-lumberman, student, minister, lawyer, doctor drilled side by side in a
-spirit of comradeship seldom excelled.
-
-It is not given to this bloodless narrative to trace to the field of
-battle the brave men that filled the ranks, but in the tale of their
-Battalions they will be found to have played their part in the defence
-of civilization bravely and well, and to have left to their country the
-legacy of an imperishable example.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XX.
-                       _246th BATTALION, C.E.F._
-
-
-The 246th Battalion was authorized in August, 1916, as a Reserve Unit to
-supply reinforcements to the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. It was
-organized at Camp Aldershot a short time before the Brigade embarked for
-Overseas, and to it were transferred officers and other ranks who, from
-various causes, were temporarily unfit for service at the Front. Each
-Battalion of the Brigade was represented by one Company, “A” Company,
-the 85th Battalion; “B” Company, 185th Battalion; “C” Company, 193rd
-Battalion, and “D” Company, 219th Battalion.
-
-The officers were:
-
-             Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons Officer Commanding.
-             Major G. B. Cutten        Second in Command.
-             Major H. H. Bligh         Company Commander.
-             Major H. D. Creighton     Company Commander.
-             Major M. A. McKay         Company Commander.
-             Major W. G. McRae         Company Commander.
-             Capt. A. McKinnon
-             Capt. G. E. Roberts
-             Capt. J. Armitage         Adjutant.
-             Capt. L. L. Titus         Quartermaster.
-             Capt. A. C. Wilson        Medical Officer.
-             Capt. C. W. Corey         Chaplain.
-             Capt. F. Robertson        Paymaster.
-             Lieut. R. V. Harris       Asst. Adjutant.
-
-  Lieuts. F. J. McCharles, A. T. E. Crosby, E. S. H. Lane, H. F.
-    Lockhart, H. L. McInnes, A. W. Rogers, W. B. Ross, E. C. Shields, C.
-    E. Smith, H. R. Theakston, W. M. Bligh, C. E. Baker, G. D.
-    Blackadar, R. S. Edwards, N. Rogers, J. S. Roy.
-
-A detachment of the 246th under the command of Major H. D. Creighton was
-sent to Trenton to guard the Nova Scotia Steel Company’s plant at that
-point, and was later relieved by a detachment from the Composite
-Battalion.
-
-During the autumn and winter months recruiting became very difficult,
-and when the necessity for compulsory service became evident it was
-decided to discontinue organization and send the Battalion Overseas in
-drafts. The first draft, under the command of Lieuts C. E. Baker and W.
-M. Bligh, embarked in March, 1917, and on June 1st a further draft of
-230 men and the following officers were sent Overseas:
-
-Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons; Major M. A. McKay; Capt. A. McKinnon, Capt.
-L. L. Titus, Lieuts. A. T. E. Crosby, R. S. Edwards, E. S. H. Lane, H.
-F. Lockhart, H. L. McInnes, A. W. Rogers, W. B. Ross, E. C. Shields, C.
-E. Smith.
-
-On arrival in England the draft proceeded to Bramshott, where one half
-of the men were sent to the 185th Battalion, then training at Witley
-with the 5th Division. The remainder together with the officers were
-absorbed by the 17th Reserve Battalion.
-
-The remainder of the strength left in Canada was transferred to Labor,
-Forestry, Special Service and other Units, the majority eventually going
-Overseas.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XXI.
-                    _NO. 2 CONSTRUCTION BATTALION._
-
-
-No. 2 Construction Battalion was authorized on July 5, 1916. Mr. D. H.
-Sutherland, of River John, N.S., a well-known railroad contractor, who
-had enlisted in the 193rd Overseas Battalion, was given command of this
-Unit with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. D. H. SUTHERLAND.]
-
-An Infantry Battalion was not deemed advisable as the population was not
-sufficient to send the necessary reinforcements; therefore a
-Construction Battalion was authorized to represent the colored citizens
-of Canada, who were demanding that their race should be represented in
-the C.E.F. by a Unit composed of their own people.
-
-The colored citizens of Canada are settled principally in the Provinces
-of Nova Scotia and Ontario, although of late years a great many have
-settled in Western Canada. Out of a total population in Canada of
-20,000, including men, women and children, Nova Scotia has 7,000;
-Ontario 5,000; New Brunswick 1,000, and the remainder of the colored
-population are settled in Western Canada. It is estimated that 200
-colored men were engaged in coal mines in Nova Scotia, and therefore not
-eligible to enlist. The number of men who enlisted in No. 2 Construction
-from Nova Scotia was 500, so that of the men available in Nova Scotia,
-the colored citizens sent Overseas in No. 2 Construction Battalion fully
-10 per cent. of their population as volunteers.
-
-Recruiting was carried on simultaneously wherever the colored population
-were located. A detachment of sixty men, under command of Capt. W. A.
-McConnell, was raised at Toronto and latterly joined the detachment at
-Windsor, Out., under the command of Capt. A. J. Gayfer. The Ontario
-recruits in all numbered 350. About fifty recruits volunteered from
-Western Canada. The headquarters was first located at Pictou, N.S., and
-later transferred to Truro, where more barracks room was available.
-
-No. 2 Construction Battalion was the only volunteer Unit to engage in
-war-work before proceeding Overseas. A Company of 250 men, under command
-of Capt. Kenneth A. Morrison, was employed during the months of January,
-February and part of March lifting rails from the Grand Trunk sidings at
-Moncton, Nappadogan and Edmundston, N.B., to be shipped Overseas for the
-Western Front.
-
-Following is a list of officers of this Unit:
-
-      D. H. Sutherland      Lieut-Colonel and O.C.
-      Kenneth A. Morrison   Capt. and Second in Command.
-      John Sidney Davie     Capt. and Adjutant.
-      Walter Adam McConnell Captain.
-      George Peter McLaren  Captain.
-      A. J. Gayfer          Captain.
-      James Stuart Grant    Captain and Paymaster.
-      David Anderson        Captain and Quartermaster.
-      Russell R. McLean     Lieutenant.
-      James Bertram Hayes   Lieutenant.
-      Roderick Livingstone  Lieutenant.
-      Halton Fyles          Lieutenant.
-      William L. Young      Lieutenant.
-      L. Bruce Young        Lieutenant.
-      Isaac Logan Banhill   Lieutenant.
-      Attached Officers     Capt. Dan. Murray, Medical Officer.
-                            Hon. Capt. William A. White, Chaplain.
-
-Mr. Harry B. McLean, of the Cook Construction Company, and Wheaton
-Bros., presented the Unit with a set of band instruments. Mr. Andrew
-Wheaton also assisted the Unit financially. Mr. H. B. McLean was
-appointed Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel on account of his interest in and
-assistance to the Battalion.
-
-The Unit embarked at Halifax, March 25, 1917, on board the troopship
-_Southland_; in all there were 3,500 troops on board. The ship was in
-command of Captain Morehouse, and the troops in command of Lieut.-Col.
-D. H. Sutherland. The convoy arrived at Liverpool April 8th. During the
-passage great precautions were taken to guard against enemy submarines.
-No lights were shown, no bugles blown and a constant watch was kept day
-and night for floating mines and submarines. This period was the worst
-in the history of submarine warfare, as more ships were sunk during the
-week April 1 to April 8, 1917, than at any time during the War.
-
-The Unit entrained at Liverpool Sunday noon, April 8th, and left for
-Seaford, travelling by special troop train through a very picturesque
-country. Arriving at Seaford the Unit was escorted by a British band to
-our Camp under canvas, about two miles from the depot. All troops
-arriving from Canada at this time were segregated ten days, to avoid the
-introduction of contagious diseases. The Unit was taken on the strength
-of the Canadian forces at Seaford, under command of Col. G. S. Gardiner.
-
-Before proceeding to France, it was necessary for any Unit to have the
-full quota of men in accordance to the establishment of the Unit. As No.
-2 Construction was 300 under strength, the Unit was reorganized into a
-Construction Company of 506 men and ten officers. As there was no
-provision on the establishment for a Lieutenant-Colonel, Lieut.-Col.
-Sutherland, Officer Commanding, reverted to the rank of Major to proceed
-to France in command of the Unit.
-
-While at Seaford, from April 8 to May 17, 1917, the Unit was detailed
-into working parties and employed in building trenches for the troops in
-training and in building and repairing roads within the bounds of the
-Canadian command. Permanent air picket was detailed about May 1st, to be
-in readiness in the event of air raids, which were of frequent
-occurrence. During the Sports’ Day Competition among the Canadian Forces
-at Seaford, the members of No. 2 Construction won a silver cup presented
-for competition by the British Y.M.C.A.
-
-The Unit was ordered to France on May 17th, and entrained at Seaford at
-2 a.m., May 17th, arriving at Folkestone and proceeding direct to the
-Channel troopship at the pier. The crossing occupied two hours. The
-Channel boats carrying troops were well escorted by British destroyers
-on port and starboard sides, while the _Silver Queen_, a small-sized
-dirigible airship, escorted our troopship overhead to sight for enemy
-submarines. Arriving at Boulogne at 3 p.m. the Unit was escorted to a
-rest camp; twenty-four hours later, on May 18th, the Unit entrained at
-Boulogne and travelled by special troop train by Etaples, Paris, Dijon,
-Dole, Mouchard and arrived at our destination, La Joux, Jour Mountains,
-on May 21st.
-
-The Unit was attached to No. 5 District, Canadian Forestry Corps, under
-command of Lieut.-Col. Geo. Johnson. There were four Forestry Companies
-consisting of 170 men, 40 teams, logging and sawmill outfit, located
-within one-half mile radius from No. 2 Construction Company’s Camp. The
-officers and men of No. 2 Construction were detailed into working
-parties and paraded daily to assist in the logging, milling and shipping
-operations of the Forestry Corps.
-
-The officers were employed as follows:
-
-Major Sutherland was in command of the Unit and kept a general
-supervision over the different working parties.
-
-Capt. J. S. Grant was employed as officer in charge of shipping for No.
-5 District, and all lumber sawn by the four Companies was shipped at La
-Joux Station by No. 2 Construction men. A detachment of fifty men, under
-command of Lieut. H. Fyles, assisted No. 22 Company, C.F.C., in logging
-and in the construction of a narrow gauge railway to transport saw-logs
-to the mill. The roads were kept in repair by Capt. David Anderson, No.
-2 Construction, with a party of 100 men. A road plant consisting of a
-rock crusher, steam drill, motor lorries and steam roller, was employed,
-and the roads were kept in a good state of repair where the heavy
-traffic demanded the best roads possible.
-
-The water to supply the Camp had to be pumped to an elevation of 1,500
-feet by means of force pumps in relay. Lieut. Bertram Hayes was officer
-in charge of pumping stations and water lines. Capt. R. Livingstone was
-Transport Officer for No. 5 District, assisted by Lieut. Russell McLean,
-both of No. 2 Construction Company.
-
-On December 30, 1917, Capt. K. A. Morrison left La Joux for Alencon, in
-command of 180 other ranks to report to the O.C. No. 1 District, C.F.C.;
-Lieut. S. Hood was Adjutant of this detachment. Fifty other ranks were
-despatched to 37th Company, C.F.C., near Peronne.
-
-A few items, as follows, taken from the War Diary of this Unit July 1,
-1918, will be of interest:
-
-Dominion Day celebrated by the eleven Forestry Companies and No. 2
-Construction Company, composing No. 5 District, in field sports held at
-Chapois. The four Companies from La Joux, namely, No. 22, 40, 50 and No.
-2 Construction paraded to the grounds under the command of Major
-Sutherland. During the day, the band of this Company, by their excellent
-music, greatly assisted in entertaining the crowd and making the holiday
-a success.
-
-July 7, 1918: Camp inspected by Lieut.-General Sir Richard Turner, V.C.,
-accompanied by Major-General A. MacDougall, G.O.C. Canadian Forestry
-Corps, and Lieut.-Colonel Johnson, O.C. Jura Group. The interior economy
-and general tidiness were favorably commented upon.
-
-July 13, 1918: Hon. Capt. W. A. White, Chaplain, returns from visiting
-the Alencon detachment.
-
-July 14, 1918: Sunday, no work. The Mayor of Salins invited the
-Canadians in this district to send a detachment to Salins to take part
-in a review in which American and French troops were participating.
-Major Sutherland represented Lieut.-Col. G. M. Strong, D.S.O., O.C. No.
-5 District, C.F.C., who was absent on duty, and acted as reviewing
-officer of the Allied Troops at Salins, in commemorating the National
-Day and to do honor to the French Republic. The band of this Company,
-under the leadership of Sergt. G. W. Stewart, played the National Anthem
-and a programme and greatly assisted in making the event a memorable
-one.
-
-July 15, 1918: Camp inspected by General Bouillard, Commanding 7th Army
-Division, French, and Lieut.-Col. G. Johnson, O.C. Jura Group.
-
-April 3, 1918: The following telegram sent to the D.T.O., C.F.C.,
-France, from the O.C. No. 2 Construction Company:
-
-“Will you please recommend my Unit which is organized for construction
-work for transfer to Western Front.”
-
-In April, 1918, Colonel Strong, D.S.O., O.C. No. 5 District, C.F.C.,
-recommended that No. 2 Construction Company be given the establishment
-of a Battalion. This recommendation was approved by the G.O.C., General
-White, and General MacDougall, but held up for lack of reinforcements.
-
-Shortly after the Armistice, orders were received for this Unit to
-report at the General Base Depot, Etaples. The Unit left La Joux,
-December 4th. One hundred and fifty Russian soldiers, who had been
-attached to No. 2 Construction Company during 1918, were taken over by
-No. 40 Company, C.F.C. No. 2 Construction arrived at Etaples December
-7th, and was joined by the detachment from Alencon and fifty men from
-37th Company, C.F.C. The Unit sailed from Boulogne, December 14th, with
-600 attached troops, under command of Major Sutherland, and arrived at
-Bramshott Camp. The Unit was attached to the Nova Scotia Regimental
-Depot, and from there dispersed to the several military camps
-representing the various military districts in Canada, to which the men
-would be forwarded for demobilization. The different drafts composing
-this Unit sailed the latter part of January, 1919, for Halifax.
-
-A letter was received by Major Sutherland from Major-General MacDougall
-conveying the thanks of the Canadian Forestry Corps to the officers and
-men of this Unit for their valuable and faithful services while attached
-for duty and discipline, to the Canadian Forestry Corps.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXII.
-                     _THE CANADIAN FORESTRY CORPS._
-
-
-On February 15, 1916, the Colonial Secretary cabled to the
-Governor-General of Canada, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, the following
-message:
-
-  “H.M. Government would be grateful if the Canadian Government would
-  assist in the production of timber for war purposes. Owing to the
-  very serious shortage of freight for munitions, food, forage and
-  other essentials, which is a matter of the gravest concern to H.M.
-  Government, it is impossible to continue to import Canadian timber
-  on a sufficiently large scale to meet war requirements, and
-  arrangements must therefore be made for felling and converting
-  English forests.
-
-  “Chief difficulty is finding sufficient skilled labor, fellers,
-  haulers and sawyers. One thousand five hundred men are urgently
-  needed, and H.M. Government would suggest that a Battalion of
-  lumbermen might be formed of specially listed men to undertake
-  exploitations of forests of this country. If proposal commends
-  itself to Canadian Government, would beg very early action. Suggest
-  that men be enlisted into Canadian Expeditionary Force and
-  despatched in small companies under competent supervision.
-  Government is aware that lumber season is now in progress, but feel
-  sure that men would enlist even at sacrifice of present employment
-  if the reason of appeal were made known to them. Incidence of cost
-  will be arranged as agreeable to Canadian Government.”
-
-A further cable was sent on February 29th. So quickly did the Canadian
-authorities make up their minds, that on March 1, 1916, a cable was sent
-stating that the Battalion asked for would be provided with the least
-possible delay. The raising of Units in this Corps exemplified the
-readiness of the Canadian Government to assist in the most unexpected
-direction.
-
-The 224th Battalion, under Lieut.-Colonel McDougall, arrived in England,
-April 28, 1916, and the 230th, 238th and 242nd Battalions followed
-within six months.
-
-Nova Scotia’s quota in this branch of the Service was about 525 officers
-and men, known as the Nova Scotia Forestry Draft, composed of three
-Companies with a personnel of officers as follows:
-
-_Staff._—Major M. C. Denton, Officer Commanding; Major E. J. Stehlen,
-Second in Command; Capt. J. G. Pierce, Adjutant.
-
-_“A” Company._—Capt. M. D. McKeigan, O.C.; Lieut. A. Roy, Lieut. Parker
-McDonald, Lieut. David Neal.
-
-_“B” Company._—Capt. G. D. Blackader, O.C.; Lieut. N. P. McKenzie,
-Lieut. C. B. McDougall, Lieut. C. F. Kinney.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR M. C. DENTON,
-  Forestry Corps.]
-
-_“C” Company._—Capt. H. B. Verge, O.C.; Lieut. George Harding, Lieut R.
-S. Shreve, Lieut. W. V. R. Winters.
-
-Authorization for this Unit was granted in March, 1917. Recruiting and
-organization work began immediately by Companies, under the direct
-supervision of the Company Commanders in the various counties as
-follows: “A” Company in Pictou, Cape Breton, Victoria and Inverness; “B”
-Company in Halifax, Cumberland, Colchester and Prince Edward Island; and
-“C” Company in Shelburne, Queens, Lunenburg, Yarmouth and Digby; “A” and
-“B” Companies mobilized at Truro; “C” Company at Yarmouth; and on May
-29th all Companies proceeded to Aldershot to complete the work of
-organization, after which they embarked on the White Star Line Transport
-_Justicia_, and arrived in England, July 4, 1916.
-
-The Base Depot for the Corps was at Smith’s Lawn, Sunningdale,
-Berkshire, within the confines of Windsor Great Park. This site was
-given to the Corps by His Majesty the King in December, 1916.
-
-About the middle of August the entire draft was broken up, a portion of
-the officers and men were absorbed into other Forestry Units, operating
-in England, Scotland and the South of France. Officers that were not
-disposed of in this manner transferred to the Flying Corps, Canadian
-Railway Troops, Infantry and Labor Battalions, subsequently getting over
-to France.
-
-It is difficult to conceive the multitude of ways in which timber was
-used for war purposes. At the Front, the Army very largely walked on
-timber, lorries drove on timber, railways, light and heavy, required
-huge numbers of sleepers or ties. Underground no less than above ground
-was timber used for dugouts, and all the complicated contrivances
-connected with trench warfare. From huts to ammunition boxes, from
-duckboards to stakes for barbed wire entanglements, the uses of timber
-ranged. The general specifications for a Company’s operation in this
-Corps was the production of Sawn Lumber, Fuelwood, Pickets, Hurdles,
-Fascines, Faggots, Continuous Rivetting and Parry Sticks.
-
-In order to save time, and for other reasons, it was arranged that
-Canadians should bring with them their own machinery and equipment of
-the kind to which they were accustomed, with the necessary modifications
-to adapt it to the conditions in Britain and France. The work of the
-Forestry Corps was thus not only of the utmost assistance in meeting the
-need of timber for the War, and in saving tonnage, but was of permanent
-value in that it has knit more closely together the people of Great
-Britain, with their compatriots scattered throughout Canada.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXIII.
-                        _NO. 6 DISTRICT DEPOT._
-
-
-During the early part of 1918 when the Germans were making their last
-great drive, few people realized that preparations were already made for
-the demobilization of the Canadian Corps. These preparations were due to
-the foresight of Headquarters Staff. Accordingly when the organization
-of No. 6 District Depot was completed on the 18th of April, 1918, a
-District Depot was established in each Military District of Canada, each
-Depot being designated by the number of the Military District in which
-the Depot was situated.
-
-Lieut.-Col. B. W. Roscoe, D.S.O., was first appointed Officer
-Commanding, and he had under him a small but efficient Staff, with Capt.
-J. S. Davies, M.C., as Adjutant, headquarters being at Leith House,
-Hollis Street, Halifax.
-
-The functions of District Depots at first were many. Besides carrying
-out ordinary discharges, all personnel in the different hospitals had to
-be looked after, and in addition to this all casualties who became fit
-for further service were allotted to the different Service Companies and
-Battalions in the District and to their own Units Overseas.
-
-No. 6 District Depot differed from the other Depots in so far that it
-had an Embarkation Casualty Section which handled all casualties, on
-embarkation; that is to say, when troops were proceeding Overseas from
-the different districts of Canada, who for various reasons could not
-embark at the appointed time, they were taken on the strength of No. 6
-District Depot and forwarded by some future sailing.
-
-This work was carried on by Lieut.-Colonel Roscoe until June, 1918, when
-Lieut.-Col. D. A. MacRae, 25th Battalion, was appointed Officer
-Commanding, with Capt. G. T. Shaw, 31st Battalion, as Adjutant,
-headquarters being removed to Wellington Barracks.
-
-From this time on the work began to increase owing to the great number
-of men returning from England to be demobilized. Demobilization went on
-very rapidly, and when the Armistice suddenly came it was realized that
-more speedily to carry out demobilization No. 6 District Depot would
-have to be enlarged. With this in view two Dispersal Stations known as
-“A” and “B” were added to the Depot, these Dispersal Stations being
-situated in Charlottetown and Halifax, and commanded by Major J. S.
-Stanley and Major J. G. Johnstone, respectively. To these officers was
-allotted the greater part of the organization of their respective
-stations which was carried on in such a manner that great credit was
-reflected upon the Depot as well as upon the officers commanding.
-
-Everything was now in readiness to handle very speedily troops arriving
-for demobilization, so that when the first complete Unit, the Royal
-Canadian Regiment, arrived at the Port of Halifax early in March, 1919,
-it was demobilized in less than a day. This was made possible by the
-hard work of the Officer Commanding Dispersal Station B, Major J. G.
-Johnstone.
-
-This work was kept up by the stations throughout Canada until late in
-July, 1919, when it was found that the Canadian Corps had practically
-been demobilized. At first it was thought it would take two years to
-complete demobilization of our forces, but the whole work was carried on
-so speedily that the feat was practically accomplished in six months.
-This in itself speaks well of the splendid organization of the Depots.
-
-No. 6 Depot, besides demobilizing the Maritime troops, demobilized a
-great number of troops from other districts, viz., the Cavalry Brigade,
-Engineer and Forestry Units, Railway Troops and several Hospital Units.
-The work of No. 6 Depot was highly praised by Gen. John Hughes during
-his tour of inspection, when he stated that No. 6 District was one of
-the best organized throughout Canada.
-
-One will realize the immense amount of work done by No. 6 District Depot
-by the results obtained; that is to say, the total number of discharges
-from April 18, 1918, until the latter part of May 1920, were one
-thousand five hundred and seventy-eighty (1,578) officers and
-twenty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-six other ranks (27,896),
-made up as shown in the table below:
-
-                      Reasons.                                   Other
-                                                     Officers.  Ranks.
- 1. _Medically Unfit._
-        (_a_) Disability due to or aggravated by
-          service                                           76     2,983
-        (_b_) Requiring further medical treatment of
-          long duration or vocational education             38       507
-
- 2. _Demobilisation._
-        All discharged other than above                  1,462    24,299
-
- 3. _Struck off Strength._
-        Deaths                                               2        17
-                                                         1,578    27,896
-                                                         —————    ——————
-        Transferred to other Districts                       8        58
-
-It will be very gratifying to Nova Scotians to know that the whole Staff
-of No. 6 District Depot were made up of Nova Scotia officer ranks, all
-of whom saw service at the Front, and it is sure when the records of the
-District Depots are compared that No. 6 District Depot will be well to
-the forefront.
-
-Officers on strength No. 6 District Depot when organized:
-
-    Officer Commanding Lieut.-Col. W. B. Roscoe, D.S.O C.M.R.’s.
-    Second in Command  Major A. B. Bucknell            15th L.H.
-    Adjutant           Capt. J. L. Davie, M.C          21st Bn.
-    Assistant Adjutant Lieut. J. A. Ross               85th Bn.
-    Quartermaster      Capt. A. A. Clark               139th Bn.
-
-                             _June, 1918._
-
-    Officer Commanding Lieut.-Col. D. A. MacRae        25th Bn.
-    Second in Command  Major J. L. Davie, M.C.         31st Bn.
-    Adjutant           Capt. G. T. Shaw                21st Bn.
-    Assistant Adjutant Lieut. A. F. Ferguson           10th R.R.T.
-    Quartermaster      Capt. A. A. Clark               139th Bn.
-    Records Officer    Lieut. B. E. Elliott            C.E.
-
-                     _Leave and Furlough Section._
-
-    Officer Commanding Capt. M. S. Hunt                5th Bn.
-    Second in Command  Lieut. J. Harley                25th Bn.
-
-                           _Details Company._
-
-    Officer Commanding Capt. F. A. Ladd                7th Bn.
-
-                          _Casualty Company._
-
-    Officer Commanding Major L. D. V. Chipman          13th Bn.
-    Company Officers   Capt. A. G. Foster              7th Bn.
-                       Lieut. W. H. Whidden            Composite Bn.
-                       Lieut. H. A. Crawley            85th Bn.
-                       Lieut. A. A. Crawley            R.C.G.A.
-
-                          _Discharge Section._
-
-    Officer Commanding Capt. R. W. Dill                25th Bn.
-    Section Officers   Capt. J. A. Gunn                13th Bn.
-                       Capt. F. A. MacAloney           R.A.F.
-                       Capt. W. Fisher                 25th Bn.
-                       Lieut. G. W. Banks              38th Bn.
-                       Lieut. I. C. Banks              Composite Bn.
-
-                          _Hospital Section._
-
-    Officer Commanding Major J. A. Mackenzie           85th Bn.
-    Section Officer    Capt F. T. DeWolfe              C.G.A.
-
-                _Dispersal Station “A,” Charlottetown._
-
-    Officer Commanding Major J. W. Stanley             C.G.A.
-    Second in Command  Capt. J. S. Bagnell             C.G.A.
-    Company Officers   Lieut. R. Richie                C.G.A.
-                       Lieut. H. E. McEachern          50th Bn.
-                       Lieut. J. McDonald              C.G.A.
-                       Lieut. J. White                 C.G.A.
-
-                   _Dispersal Station “B,” Halifax._
-
-    Officer Commanding Major J. G. Johnstone           85th Bn.
-    Second in Command  Capt. M. S. Hunt                5th Bn.
-    Company Officers   Capt. R. L. Billman             C.G.A.
-                       Lieut. J. Bonner                85th Bn.
-                       Lieut. B. E. Nicks              13th Bn.
-                       Lieut. J. H. E. Jones           C.E.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXIV.
-                       _THE ARMY SERVICE CORPS._
-
-
-In the lexicon of the Army Service Corps, the word “impossible” does not
-exist. It was this spirit, insistently inculcated since the organization
-of the Corps in 1902, that made the accomplishment of the seemingly
-“impossible” possible by the Canadian Army Service Corps in the Maritime
-Provinces when the Kaiser let roar his terrorizing thunderbolts in
-August, 1914.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. E. C. DEAN.]
-
-Blatant glory has seldom perched on the escutcheon of this hard-worked
-Corps, but, on the other hand, the capable work of the Army Service
-Corps has frequently been the means of attracting this coy bird to a
-resting place on the banner of many a Unit whose prowess fills the pages
-of history.
-
-Briefly, it is the efficient service of the Army Service Corps that
-makes possible the achievement of great things by the army.
-
-It is impossible to record the history of the Canadian Army Service
-Corps in the Maritime Provinces throughout the duration of the Great
-War—and after—without beginning at the basis of the structure, namely,
-No. 4 Detachment of the Canadian Permanent Army Service Corps, now known
-as No. 6 Detachment of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps, having its
-headquarters at Halifax.
-
-On August 4, 1914, No. 4 Detachment was officered by five officers of
-the Canadian Permanent Army Service Corps, two attached officers of the
-Active Militia, and one officer of the Imperial Army Service Corps,
-attached. The Detachment was administered by Major E. C. Dean, who was
-attached to the Staff of Military District No. 6 as an Assistant
-Director of Supplies and Transport (now Lieut.-Colonel E. C. Dean,
-Senior Supply and Transport Officer, attached to the Staff of M.D. No.
-6). He was also Commandant of the Canadian Army Service Corps School of
-Training. In command of the Detachment was Major R. O. Marks, an officer
-of the Imperial Army Service Corps, temporarily loaned to the Canadian
-Sister Corps. He was also Adjutant of the School of Training. The other
-officers of the Permanent Force were Lieut. H. O. Lawson (now Major
-Lawson, Senior Supply and Transport Officer, M.D. No. 3, Kingston,
-Ontario); Lieut. Keith MacDougall (now Major MacDougall, in charge of
-No. 6 Detachment, R.C.A.S.C.); Lieut. J. A. Gwynne (who proceeded
-Overseas as Adjutant of the Second Divisional Train); and Lieut., now
-Capt., George Simms, District Barracks Officer—a most efficient,
-hard-working officer, whose capability went a long way towards making
-possible the quartering and comfort of many thousands of troops in the
-Maritime Provinces. The splendid services rendered by this officer—his
-absolute devotion to his arduous duties, his zeal and tireless efforts
-in behalf of the C.E.F., and, at the same time, his careful supervision
-of all matters pertaining to the financial interests of the public
-purse—are well worthy of recognition.
-
-The two attached officers of the Active Militia were Lieut. (now Major)
-H. R. Hendy, of Esquimalt, B.C., and Capt. H. J. B. Keating, of No. 6
-Company, Canadian Army Service Corps. Captain Keating is now stationed
-at Quebec.
-
-The rank and file of the Detachment numbered less than fifty—scarcely
-sufficient to care for the needs of Halifax Garrison in peace time. The
-available transport comprised about a half-dozen horses, two time-worn
-Ford passenger cars, two steamboats, and a “dumb” lighter. Practically
-the whole of the land transport was carried out by horses and wagons
-under a civilian contractor—Mr. George E. VanBuskirk.
-
-The Supply Depot, including grocery store, bakery, and meat shop, was
-located within the confines of Glacis Barracks—the headquarters of the
-Army Service Corps at Halifax—in a small brick building which, under the
-regime of the Imperials, had been used as a school for the senior
-children of Imperial soldiers in garrison at Halifax. Under peace
-conditions this building was inadequate for the purposes for which it
-was used, and, needless to say, under war demands its continuance as
-such was out of the question. All flour, bread, groceries, meat, and
-other supplies, had to be taken in and out of one small door.
-
-To meet war requirements, the garrison gymnasium—situated about fifty
-feet from the old senior school building—was taken over and converted
-into an ideal Supply Depot. The former grocery store was then opened up
-to enlarge the bakery, which was modernized by the introduction of
-electrically-operated machinery and new and enlarged ovens. The meat
-shop was also improved, the chill room enlarged and modernized by the
-addition of a “trolley” system for the expeditious handling of meat.
-Thus in a short time the handicap with which the Army Service Corps
-labored at the outbreak of war was quickly overcome.
-
-The most serious difficulty, however, which had to be combatted was that
-of obtaining sufficient men to carry out the increased work thrown upon
-this Corps by the sudden strengthening of Halifax Garrison, and the
-calling out of troops to guard various points in the Maritime Provinces.
-This was a real and trying hardship. The other Permanent Force Units
-forming Halifax Garrison could not spare men to assist the Army Service
-Corps, as every man was needed within his own Unit. The problem was
-partly solved by calling up a number of non-commissioned officers and
-men of No. 8 Company, Canadian Army Service Corps, commanded by Capt. F.
-W. Wickwire, with headquarters at Kentville, N.S. No. 7 Company,
-commanded by Major A. L. Massie, with headquarters at St. John, also
-supplied a few. Later on Lieut.-Col. I. W. Videto, commanding the 63rd
-Halifax Rifles, and Lieut.-Col. A. King, commanding the 66th Princess
-Louise Fusiliers, very generously loaned a number of splendid men, whose
-ready adaptability made it possible for the Army Service Corps to “carry
-on.” As time advanced enlistments made the Corps more or less
-self-sustaining, but the fact remains that never throughout the duration
-of the War were sufficient men actually enlisted in this branch of the
-Service to render it independent of other Units. This condition was
-probably due to the fact that the possibility of getting Overseas was
-greater by enlisting in other Units.
-
-Mention has been made of Nos. 7 and 8 Companies of the Canadian Army
-Service Corps. Both these Companies played important parts in the Great
-World War, at home and abroad. Major Massie took Overseas the Second
-Divisional Train, and all the officers and practically the whole of the
-rank and file of No. 7 Company accompanied him. Captain Wickwire, of No.
-8 Company, after a short period as Deputy Assistant Director of Supply
-and Transport, M.D. No. 6, also went over to France with this Train, and
-rendered very efficient service with it in the fighting zone.
-
-The strengthening of the Garrison of Halifax made possible the
-fulfilment of the plans of defence, which had long since been carefully
-laid down. This, and the summoning of troops for guard purposes at
-various points in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, threw a vast amount of
-work on the Army Service Corps, for not only had these troops, scattered
-over a wide area throughout the three Provinces, to be housed, and their
-daily wants in the matter of food, water, light, fuel, straw for
-bedding, transport and necessary services arranged for, but it was also
-required, following a preconceived plan, to provide for them against the
-possibility of their being cut off from their source of supply. To do
-justice to the amount of labor involved in the organization and
-administration of this task would require a volume greater in size than
-this one, so all that can be done is to give a brief outline of the
-general scheme followed.
-
-When the Royal Canadian Regiment, with its supporting artillery, were
-ordered to garrison points in the Island of Cape Breton and Canso, they
-left Halifax self-sustaining for fourteen days; that is, they carried
-with them reserve rations sufficient for fourteen days for all ranks. In
-addition they carried rations for current consumption sufficient for all
-ranks for a further fourteen days, but minus meat, butter and bread.
-Lieut. J. A. Gwynne, of the Army Service Corps, and one clerk,
-accompanied the Regiment to Sydney to make necessary supply and other
-arrangements. The tasks this officer had to attend to may be judged when
-it is known that he had to make contracts, and to arrange to supply the
-wants of troops located at nine different points, covering a frontage of
-about fifty miles, and requiring travel by train, steamship, street car
-and automobile to reach the various posts. So capably was the duty
-performed that the troops had never to go without a meal, their rations
-being arranged with practically the regularity which prevailed in
-Halifax under peace conditions. When Lieutenant Gwynne was summoned for
-service Overseas, he was replaced at Sydney by Lieut. Horace
-Westmoreland. Later on this officer went to France as Transport Officer
-of the Royal Canadian Regiment, being replaced at Sydney by Lieut. Cecil
-Sircom. These three officers belonged to the Permanent Force, and
-received their training at Halifax.
-
-As the Supply and Transport Officer at Sydney found it impossible to
-give any attention to the troops stationed at Canso, the work there
-incidental to the Army Service Corps was performed by the Officer
-Commanding the Guard, who received the necessary instructions by
-telegram and telephone from the Assistant Director of Supplies and
-Transport at Halifax, an Army Service Corps’ Clerk being sent to Canso
-to attend to the necessary accounting.
-
-An incident might here be related as exemplifying the difficulties that
-had to be overcome from time to time by the Army Service Corps. Certain
-heavy guns had to be transported from Prince Edward Island to points in
-Nova Scotia. Every effort was put forth to obtain the services of a ship
-capable of carrying these guns, but without success. Finally, after a
-delay of several days, Lieut.-Colonel Arthur Peake telephoned from
-Charlottetown to Halifax to say that a ship was then approaching
-Charlottetown Harbor which might be suitable. The A.D. of S. & T. at
-Halifax instructed him to approach the captain of this vessel and
-explain to him the situation, and if he was not agreeable to undertaking
-the task of transporting these guns, Colonel Peake was to commandeer the
-ship and move the artillery to the places directed. Whether it was
-Colonel Peake’s persuasiveness or his war-like demeanor that had the
-desired effect cannot be stated with certainty. Time was spent only in
-removing sufficient of the ship’s cargo to make it possible to load the
-guns, which were then transported with despatch. Meanwhile other
-arrangements had been made by the Army Service Corps to carry these guns
-to the points in Nova Scotia where they were required.
-
-The troops forming the actual defence force of Halifax and environments
-were supplied on the same basis as those sent to Cape Breton, so that in
-the event of necessity they could sustain themselves for fourteen days,
-and by the addition of tinned meat and biscuit, the period could be
-extended another fourteen days.
-
-Meanwhile troops had been summoned for the defence of St. John, N.B.,
-which necessitated calling out a portion of No. 7 Company of the
-Canadian Army Service Corps, under the command of Major A. L. Massie.
-This detachment took up its headquarters in the Armories, and from there
-efficiently ministered to the wants of the troops on duty and in
-training at St. John and adjoining points. Lieut. J. Key, who had been
-trained at Halifax, was sent to St. John to take up the duties as
-District Barrack Officer, carrying out these duties very satisfactorily.
-Lieut. Arthur Biggar, who was also trained at Halifax, was despatched to
-St. John as Officer in Charge of Supplies, a position he filled very
-creditably until called for duty in France. The troops doing duty at St.
-John and adjacent points were also rationed on the same basis as were
-those on duty at Halifax, Cape Breton, and other points.
-
-It will be remembered that early in the War a Capt. Von Weghorn, an
-officer of the Prussian Army, startled the civilized world by an attempt
-to destroy the International railway bridge spanning the St. Lacroix
-River, between McAdam Junction, on the Canadian side, and Vanceboro, on
-the United States’ side. A suitcase filled with dynamite was placed
-between the piers of the northeast corner of the bridge on the Canadian
-side. The attempt failed, the bridge being only slightly damaged and
-traffic not delayed. It was considered expedient, however, to place an
-armed guard on this bridge on the Canadian side. To Lieut.-Col. E. C.
-Dean, A.D. of S. & T., M.D. No. 6, fell the duty of making the necessary
-supply and other arrangements for this guard.
-
-A similar guard was placed over the new railway bridge spanning the St.
-John River at St. Leonards.
-
-Guards were also established over the Marconi Wireless Towers at
-Newcastle, N.B., and Barrington Passage, the latter under command of
-Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley. These guards required the usual attention on
-the part of the Army Service Corps. To maintain the guard at Barrington
-Passage was a cause of anxiety, as it was stationed at a point some
-miles off the main road, in the midst of a wilderness, and could be
-reached only in good weather, as the road leading to the Wireless
-Station from the main highway was-well, simply impossible.
-
-Permanent guards were also maintained at Louisburg, Glace Bay, Whitney
-Pier, Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney Mines, Cranberry Head, Chapel Hill,
-Canso and various other places.
-
-Incidentally troops were gathering at Valcartier to form the First
-Contingent and the quota from the Maritime Provinces had to be
-transported to the place of rendezvous. The manner of the arrangement of
-this transportation was unique. Recruiting was being carried on in
-practically every city, town, village and hamlet in the Maritime
-Provinces. Movements were made when it was known that sufficient numbers
-of men had been recruited to justify sending them forward. On the A.D.
-of S. and T. rested the task of making train arrangements to get these
-recruits to Valcartier. It was done in this manner: Instructions were
-sent to various recruiting centres to have certain numbers of recruits
-entrain on a certain train on a certain day. Thus, for instance, the
-first lot might entrain at Louisburg, and others along the line as far
-as Sydney; probably some would be brought over from Sydney Mines and
-North Sydney to Sydney. At the latter place two, three or four special
-coaches would be attached to a regular train, and as this train
-proceeded towards Truro, the number of recruits would be augmented,
-until on its arrival at Truro it might have from two to three hundred on
-board. Meanwhile, a sufficient number would be run up from Halifax, and
-a special train would then be made up at Truro and run to Levis, P.Q.,
-where a transfer would be made for Quebec and Valcartier. At other times
-Moncton would be made the point at which a special train would be made
-up, in which case St. John supplied the completing quota to make up the
-train load of 500 or thereabouts. It must be borne in mind, however,
-that the whole movement was planned ahead of time, and the transport
-scheme carried out on a definite plan.
-
-Obviously it was impossible to send out transport warrants to cover the
-movement of these various groups, so an arrangement was made whereby the
-railway authorities agreed to accept temporary interim receipts from
-officers or non-commissioned officers in charge of these groups, on the
-presentation of a telegram or letter of instruction from either the A.D.
-of S. & T. or any other Staff officer. These receipts were issued in
-duplicate, one copy of which was kept by the ticket agent and the other
-mailed to the A.D. of S. & T. Upon receipt of the latter, covering
-transport warrants were mailed to the ticket agents concerned. By this
-means some thousands of troops were moved expeditiously from the
-Maritime Provinces to Valcartier.
-
-New Units of the Canadian Expeditionary Force were forming in various
-parts of the Maritime Provinces, and it behooved the Army Service Corps
-to quarter them, arrange for supplies, water, light, land
-transportation, barrack equipment, and a thousand and one details
-incidental to the requirements of newly-formed military organizations,
-and of which only a trained soldier has the faintest conception. These
-new Units, or in some cases reinforcements, were scattered throughout
-the length and breadth of the three Provinces, at such places in Nova
-Scotia as: Halifax, Windsor, Truro, Pictou, New Glasgow, Antigonish,
-Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney Mines, Broughton, Glace Bay and Amherst.
-
-When the Malleable Iron Works at Amherst, were converted into a domicile
-for the involuntary reception and entertainment of adherents of the
-doctrines of the Kaiser and his admirers, a small detachment of the Army
-Service Corps was sent there to attend to their well-being. The late
-Capt. P. F. Keating was in command of this detachment which had also to
-look after the needs of the recruits quartered in Amherst. Captain
-Keating was trained at Halifax and later proceeded Overseas in command
-of No. 4 Company of the Third Divisional Train. This Company was
-recruited at Halifax, having its headquarters in the old Medical College
-Building at the corner of College and Carlton Streets.
-
-Shortly after the outbreak of war, Canadian horses began to find their
-way Overseas. In the first winter of the War the number shipped from the
-Port of Halifax was something like 17,000. On the Army Service Corps
-rested the duty of embarking these animals. The absence of forewarning
-of train loads of horses being en route for Halifax was sometimes the
-cause of great anxiety. At five o’clock one Easter Sunday morning a
-telephone message from a railway official conveyed the tidings that
-there were three train loads of horses in the freight yards consigned to
-the Assistant Director of Supplies and Transport. As this was the first
-intimation received of the movement of these horses, naturally no
-arrangements had been made for their reception, and as the ships by
-which they were to be conveyed Overseas were not in the harbor, it
-became necessary to arrange for their disentrainment without loss of
-time. Mr. M. McF. Hall, Secretary of the Halifax Exhibition, was called
-out of bed by telephone, the situation explained to him, and
-arrangements completed to detrain and stable the horses at the
-Exhibition Grounds. Every available man of the Army Service Corps was
-aroused from bed and marched to the Exhibition Grounds, there to care
-for these horses instead of proceeding to church to take part in Easter
-Sunday Service. Later, a detachment of artillerymen was told off to take
-on the responsibility of these horses. At least on two other occasions
-consignments of horses reached Halifax under similar circumstances.
-
-Another “job” of the Army Service Corps at Halifax was to receive,
-account for and send forward Overseas thousands upon thousands of
-parcels of “comforts” for the troops at the Front, these parcels coming
-from all parts of Canada, comprising everything in size from an envelope
-containing a handkerchief to packing cases and barrels of comforts of
-every description. Every parcel received was given a number, registered,
-and then despatched Overseas.
-
-Arrangements for the embarkation of complete Units and reinforcements of
-troops during the early part of the War also fell to the lot of the Army
-Service Corps, the A.D. of S. & T. being the responsible officer. He had
-a most capable and efficient assistant in the person of Capt. S. A.
-Doane, of Army Service Corps, whose knowledge of steamship matters is
-unsurpassed, and who carried out practically all the details incidental
-to the embarkation of troops at Halifax.
-
-The Barrack Services under Capt. George Simms was a hard-worked branch,
-the pressure on which did not cease until long after peace had been
-declared.
-
-It is worthy of mention that throughout the War thousands of contracts
-for supplies were made and carried out by the Army Service Corps in the
-Maritime Provinces, involving the expenditure of millions of dollars,
-the accounting for which was also one of the many duties of the Army
-Service Corps, yet not in a single instance was there the breath of
-scandal discernible, a single transaction questioned, or a suggestion of
-deviation from the ethical pathway of rectitude. Truly a glorious record
-and heritage for the Canadian Army Service Corps in the Maritime
-Provinces, with headquarters in the Metropolis of Nova Scotia.
-
-The statement has been made that at the outbreak of the Great World War
-there were stationed at Halifax eight officers of the Army Service
-Corps. Most of these were soon cleared out and proceeded Overseas. Major
-Marks, Lieutenants Lawson and MacDougall were summoned to Valcartier and
-accompanied the First Contingent. Lieut.-Colonel Dean was called to take
-command of the First Divisional Train, but as his services at Halifax
-could not then be spared, he was not permitted to go. Later on he was
-given the command of the Second Divisional Train, but again he was held
-back, Major A. L. Massie of St. John being given the command. Col. W. A.
-Simson, a Nova Scotian, was placed in command of the First Divisional
-Train, which proved to be the “first” Train in more senses than one,
-inasmuch as it was conceded to be the best Train in France, barring
-none.
-
-On the establishment of an Army Service Corps Training School at
-Toronto, Capt. H. R. Hendy, of Halifax, was appointed Adjutant. On
-proceeding Overseas, he was replaced by Capt. Cecil R. Sircom. Both of
-these officers received their training at Halifax, as did also upwards
-of one hundred officers, all of whom “made good” in Flanders Fields,
-bringing credit to themselves, the Army Service Corps and the Metropolis
-of Nova Scotia, where they were trained.
-
-Among Nova Scotia officers of the Army Service Corps who were trained at
-Halifax and saw service at the Front were: Capt. G. A. Redford, of New
-Glasgow; Lieut. D. A. Starr, of Halifax; Capt. “Ted” Foster, of Bedford;
-Capt. G. W. Underwood, of New Glasgow; Capt. Walter Taylor, of Halifax,
-who transferred his affections to the Army Medical Corps; Lieut. Frank
-S. Brennan, of Halifax, later transferred to the Flying Corps; Lieut. A.
-B. Dewberry, of Halifax. In addition Lieut. L. Pierce, of No. 8 Company,
-saw service in France, while Lieuts. J. A. Rose, G. H. Applegate, W. J.
-V. Tweedie, H. S. Crowe and F. D. Doyle, also of No. 8 Company, all Nova
-Scotians, performed meritorious service in Canada. Lieut. J. G. Ryan, of
-Kentville, received his training at Halifax and filled many important
-appointments at Sydney, Amherst, Aldershot, Ottawa and elsewhere.
-Physical unfitness rendered him unable to partake in the campaign
-Overseas.
-
-The Headquarters Company of the Fourth Divisional Train was organized at
-Halifax, the 200 members being recruited almost entirely from Nova
-Scotia. The Train was mobilized and trained at Halifax. It was commanded
-by Lieut.-Col. E. C. Dean, who took it Overseas. Of this Unit a Canadian
-officer in high position in England said it was one of the best trained
-bodies of men that Canada had contributed to the Great War.
-
-On the departure Overseas of Lieut.-Colonel Dean, the duties of A.D. of
-S. & T. were taken over by Major A. P. Lomas, of No. 6 Company of the
-Army Service Corps. This officer very efficiently administered the Army
-Service Corps affairs in the Maritime Provinces for nearly three years,
-and rendered the British Empire invaluable service. He was ably seconded
-by Major E. E. Wood, who commanded the local C.P.A.S.C., now developed
-into a Company of upwards of 200 men, having about fifty horses and
-forty motor vehicles.
-
-The Permanent Detachment of the Army Service Corps at Halifax
-contributed very materially in personnel to the various Army Service
-Corps Units proceeding Overseas, the Detachment being made up largely of
-Nova Scotians. The training and disciplining these men received at
-Halifax had the effect of leavening the Overseas Units with which they
-became associated.
-
-When the casualties began to return from France, they came in ship
-loads, about ninety per cent. returning through the Port of Halifax.
-Sometimes as many as three vessels a week arrived. Most of the
-well-known big ships were engaged in bringing home these war-scarred
-veterans, among the number being the _Olympic_, _Aquitania_ and
-_Mauretania_. In this work the Army Service Corps played an important
-part, as they made all train, berthing and feeding arrangements, as well
-as issuing all ranks with the necessary tickets for transportation. The
-Army Service Corps worked out each train “consist,” gave the completed
-train schedules to the railroad officials, who made up the trains in
-accordance therewith.
-
-Lieut.-Col. E. C. Dean, who had just returned from France, was appointed
-Chief Transport Officer. Other Army Service Corps officers employed on
-this important work were: Major F. W. Wickwire (who later succeeded
-Colonel Dean as Chief Transport Officer), Capt. S. A. Doane, Lieut. Ken.
-Love, Capt. L. Prickler, and Lieut. George H. Edgar. Also assisting were
-eighty train conducting officers, one of whom was placed in charge of
-each troop train to look after the comforts of the men, see that they
-were properly fed, and that the train was run through to its destination
-without undue delay.
-
-Troops were disembarked at the rate of 1,000 under one hour: the
-_Olympic_ and _Aquitania_, each carrying 5,500, were cleared in five
-hours. About twelve to fourteen trains on an average were required to
-despatch this number of men homeward, and the fact that over a quarter
-of a million men were thus entrained, ticketed, berthed and fed en route
-without a single mishap or complaint serves to illustrate the almost
-perfect system that prevailed. Troops were entrained at the rate of
-1,000 an hour, which meant that a troop train departed every half hour,
-which may be considered quick work even from a railroad standpoint.
-
-Though he was not connected with the military in any way, at the same
-time a word of praise is due Mr. Ernie Cameron, now Superintendent of
-the Dining and Sleeping Car Department of the Canadian National Railways
-at Halifax, for the very able, efficient co-operation he gave the
-military authorities in making up trains, providing most excellent meals
-for the men en route and in many ways doing his bit to make the
-home-coming of the warriors a happy one.
-
-The Maritime Provinces, and Nova Scotia in particular, may justly be
-proud of the part played in the Great War by their sons who wore the
-badges of the Army Service Corps. The highly creditable achievements of
-this organization—a Unit usually little heard of, but which accomplishes
-big things—has shed lustre on the names of the three Provinces down by
-the sounding sea.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XXV.
-                     _THE CANADIAN ORDNANCE CORPS._
-
-
-On the outbreak of hostilities the Canadian Ordnance Corps had a
-strength of four officers, fifty-five other ranks and thirteen
-civilians. It was very soon apparent that the Ordnance Depot would have
-to be kept working twenty-four hours per diem. All ranks therefore were
-immediately placed under canvas within the Depot, and shifts arranged so
-that work of the Ordnance Depot could be continued the whole period of
-twenty-four hours.
-
-The armament of the Fortress and the Royal Canadian Engineer Defence
-electric lights were immediately equipped up to war scale. All fighting
-equipment necessary for the Royal Canadian Regiment, the 63rd and 66th
-Regiments, and 1st Regiment Canadian Garrison Artillery was immediately
-issued. Companies of the 94th and 78th Regiments were later clothed and
-equipped for duty at various strategic points in Nova Scotia.
-
-With the manning of all Forts it became necessary to place a highly
-trained mechanic, known as an Armament Artificer, in each, to keep all
-guns and machinery in repair, and ready for immediate action. These were
-provided by the Canadian Ordnance Corps.
-
-As soon as the Camp opened at Valcartier, it fell to the lot of the
-Canadian Ordnance Corps at Halifax to ship forward the bulk of the
-stores for equipping the Units being mobilized at Valcartier. Day after
-day, night after night, it was one continuous loading of cars to rush
-forward to Valcartier Camp. Special efforts were made to complete the
-17th Battery, C.F.A., Sydney, with clothing and equipment before
-proceeding to Valcartier.
-
-Prior to the departure of the 1st Division from Valcartier, an advance
-party from the Canadian Ordnance Corps was being sent to England to
-prepare for the arrival of the Canadians in England. Conductor J. D.
-Pitman and three non-commissioned officers and men left Halifax with
-seventy minutes notice and proceeded to England as part of the Canadian
-Ordnance Corps advance party. The party were each in possession of a
-haversack and water bottle as their kit. Conductor Pitman received
-promotion to the rank of Major, and held Staff appointments on the
-various Divisions in France, finally being made Chief Ordnance Officer,
-Canadian Overseas Military Forces, and was awarded the D.S.O.
-
-As the Imperial Government was, during the early stage of the War,
-urgently in need of guns and ammunition, all guns and ammunition which
-could be spared from this district were immediately shipped away direct
-to the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich.
-
-Two Armament Artificers also left Halifax to proceed with the Canadian
-Artillery Brigades of the 1st Division, and of these two, Armament
-Q.M.S. Smith, it is regretted, after having greatly distinguished
-himself in action, died of the result of wounds.
-
-In October, 1915, the Halifax Detachment of the Canadian Ordnance Corps
-sent Overseas a nucleus of an Ordnance Mobile Workshop required by the
-Canadian Corps for the inspection, repair and upkeep of guns and
-vehicles of all kinds in the Field. This Unit was placed under the
-command of Major A. S. Buttenshaw, Inspector of Ordnance Machinery. This
-officer was afterwards Chief Inspector of Ordnance Machinery, Canadian
-Forces, and was awarded the D.S.O. Other ranks of the Detachment were
-moved away from time to time Overseas as ordered from Ottawa. Owing to
-the enormous amount of work required in the clothing and equipping of
-C.E.F. Units in the district, it was necessary to more than treble the
-Staff, recruits enlisting being trained for their duties by the few
-permanent men who, though much against their own wishes, were kept in
-Halifax, and even then all ranks were working day and night. The
-explosion which occurred in Halifax, December, 1917, also added to the
-work, various temporary hospitals being equipped by the Canadian
-Ordnance Corps.
-
-In August, 1918, one officer and nine other ranks of the Halifax
-Detachment, C.O.C., were ordered to Vancouver as part of the Siberian
-Expeditionary Force. Several cars were loaded at Halifax with stores for
-this force and sent forward. The Halifax Detachment, with Ordnance men
-from other districts, arrived in Russia at Vladivostock and at once
-opened up a complete Ordnance Depot, where work was carried on in the
-usual smooth manner.
-
-Several hundred thousand tons of ammunition, arms, equipment and
-clothing have been handled by the Canadian Ordnance Corps at Halifax
-during the period of the War, both coming from and going to England. The
-Ordnance Workshops at Halifax carried out an enormous amount of repair
-work, and in addition manufactured large quantities of military stores
-which were unable to be purchased. Tradesmen enlisting in the C.E.F. in
-various parts of Canada, such as wheelers, blacksmiths, saddlers and
-armorers, who were required to accompany troops Overseas, were sent to
-the Canadian Ordnance Corps, Halifax, for training. The Ordnance
-Department was also called upon to carry out all repairs and testing of
-ammunition for the Naval Services, both Imperial and Canadian, in
-addition to that of the Land Service. This work has to be done by
-experts, and necessitates very long hours, as certain cordite tests have
-to run continually day and night for several days at a time.
-
-Since the War, all the equipment, including ammunition, for the new
-Reorganized Active Militia, is being handled at Halifax and reshipped to
-the various military points in Canada.
-
-The following officers and senior warrant officers of Canadian Ordnance
-Corps have served with No. 6 Detachment, Canadian Ordnance Corps, during
-various periods of the War:—
-
-Colonel J. F. MacDonald; Lieut.-Colonels A. H. Panet and M. C. Gillin;
-Majors A. S. Buttenshaw, D.S.O., and J. D. Pitman, D.S.O.; Captains E.
-M. Cartmer, J. H. MacQueen, S. V. Cooke, A. M. Simons, J. N. Gibson, and
-R. N. C. Bishop; Lieut. G. E. J. Ball; Conductors J. A. Villard, E. V.
-Hessian, A. Bentley, D.C.M., and A. Lable.
-
-In recognition of services rendered during War 1914–1918, His Majesty
-the King has graciously approved the grant of the title “Royal” to the
-Canadian Permanent Ordnance Corps, and hereafter this Corps is permitted
-to bear the designation of “The Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps.”
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. JOSEPH HAYES, D.S.O., C.A.M.C.,
-
-  Twice mentioned in dispatches; M.O., 85th Infantry Battalion, 30–10–15
-    to 19–12–17; M.O., 4th Divisional Train, 19–12–17 to 14–4–18;
-    S.M.O., Central Group, C.F.C., 15–5–18 to 1–1–19; O.C., No. 2
-    Canadian Stationary Hospital, 7–1–19 to 17–5–19. Author of “The 85th
-    in France and Flanders.”]
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXVI.
-            _NOVA SCOTIA MEDICAL SERVICES IN THE GREAT WAR._
-
-
-             BY LIEUT.-COL. JOSEPH HAYES, D.S.O., C.A.M.C.
-
-                 “Men whisper that our arm is weak,
-                   Men say our blood is cold,
-                 And that our hearts no longer speak
-                   That clarion note of old;
-                 But let the spear and sword draw near
-                   The sleeping lion’s den,
-                 Our Island shore shall start once more
-                   To life with armèd men.”
-
-The medical men of this Province were no less ardent in their desire to
-serve their country in the War than all the other professions, trades
-and callings. It was a contagion in the air that got into the blood.
-Sooner or later everybody got it and responded to it according to their
-own notion of service or opportunity. Medical men were needed at home as
-well as abroad. There were recruits to be examined and young soldiers in
-training requiring medical and surgical attention and the country could
-not be stripped of medical service. No sooner were Units formed than
-there was a clamor for medical appointments. Some medical men even
-joined the combatant ranks, although they were soon returned to the
-medical service owing to the demand for medical officers. Also many Nova
-Scotia medical men went direct to England, or were already abroad, and
-joined up with the Royal Army Medical Corps. Many of these, with many
-regimental medical officers, owing to their isolation from the great
-body of medical men associated with Canadian Hospitals, will be
-overlooked in narratives of the doings of the medical fraternity.
-
-Before describing in detail the medical work done by Nova Scotians
-during the War, it will be useful to give a brief outline of the
-activities of the Medical Service in war.
-
-Medical attention is required all the way from the recruiting and
-training camps at home, and those in England and France and along the
-lines of communication, up to the front areas and fighting Units in the
-firing line, No Man’s Land and the hand-to-hand encounter in the enemy
-trenches. But perhaps the function of the Medical Service which calls
-for the greatest vigilance and most thorough care is the prevention and
-control of epidemic and contagious diseases.
-
-The most strenuous efforts of the Medical Services are exerted to rescue
-the man who is wounded in action, and to give him such prompt attention
-as will prevent him, as far as possible, from bleeding to death or dying
-from shock or exposure and to hasten him to a place where the best
-surgical skill can be exercised to save his life and limbs.
-
-The primary aid is under the direction of the Regimental Medical Officer
-who is assisted by sixteen stretcher-bearers and two orderlies whom it
-is his duty to keep in a constant state of efficiency by careful
-training, as unskilled men, during active operations, are constantly
-being added from the ranks to make up wastage. One Nova Scotia Regiment
-lost thirty-three per cent. of its stretcher-bearers in two hours in the
-Vimy Ridge engagement.
-
-This little coterie goes into the trenches with the Unit. The Regimental
-Medical Officer selects a Regimental Aid Post (R.A.P.) well to the front
-and as far as possible out of the direct line of enemy fire, so that the
-wounded may be safely cared for and promptly evacuated. The
-stretcher-bearers are detailed four to each Company, and these go with
-their Companies into action and accompany them wherever they go. They
-are the most exposed men in an engagement; for while the combatants may
-advance in rushes and seek shelter as they go, the stretcher-bearer is
-constantly exposed, going back and forth to the relief of the wounded.
-As a result of the efficiency these men attain, their dressings, applied
-on the battle-field during action, often can go untouched until they
-reach the hospital.
-
-At the Regimental Aid Post further treatment is given by the Regimental
-Medical Officer, food and hot tea or coffee are given and the wounded
-are rolled in blankets and made as comfortable as possible before being
-sent out. All cases are tagged, usually a white tag showing the man’s
-name, number, Regiment, the nature of his injury, and any special
-treatment or remedies that may have been given. In dangerous cases a red
-tag is used, which secures the right of way in rapid evacuation and
-immediate attention.
-
-As soon as casualties are ready for evacuation from the R.A.P. they are
-handed over to the Bearer Section of a Field Ambulance to be carried to
-their Advanced Dressing Station. As it is practically never possible to
-establish the Main Dressing Station sufficiently far forward to convey
-stretcher cases to it in one relay, and at the same time have it
-accessible to motor ambulances, light railways and other means of rapid
-evacuation, Advanced Dressing Stations are set up as near the front as
-can be evacuated to the Main Dressing Station by horsed ambulances with
-reasonable safety by day as well as by night. The evacuation of the
-wounded up to this point must usually be done at night on account of
-enemy observation; though the walking wounded are often able to take
-advantage of lulls in the hostile fire and make their way out during the
-day. Usually arrows are put up along the route pointing the direction
-for “walking wounded.”
-
-The Main Dressing Station of the Field Ambulance is provided with
-facilities for attending to cases requiring immediate operation as the
-only means of saving life. It must be remembered that this Unit is on
-the field of actual operations and within reach of the direct fire of
-the enemy. The sick and wounded are here sorted, classified and
-evacuated as soon as possible to the Casualty Clearing Station (C.C.S.).
-The few mild cases that can be returned to the line or sent to near-by
-rest camps after twenty-four or forty-eight hours are held at the Field
-Ambulance, it being necessary to conserve, as much as possible, the
-man-power for the line.
-
-The Casualty Clearing Station affords the next relief. This is the first
-Unit completely equipped for urgent, formal major operations, and some
-have X-ray apparatus and electrically-heated operating tables. Although
-cases are not carried to a finality of treatment, and are only kept
-until fit to move after relief is given, practically all wounds are
-dressed at the C.C.S. After emergent operations wounds are often packed
-with dressings and hurried on to a general hospital in the Lines of
-Communication. It must be remembered that these Units are within range
-of enemy guns and liable to get short notice from the enemy, by
-concentrated high explosive shell-fire, to vacate, or they may have to
-advance with the advance of their own troops. Constant action is
-therefore necessary to maintain rooms for the steady stream of wounded
-which they must always be prepared to handle. It is only the most urgent
-operations that are performed, such as wounds of the abdomen, chest and
-brain, or such wounds as are liable to become hopeless through infection
-or complications before reaching the base. The C.C.S. is usually located
-at a rail head and has access to ambulance trains for evacuation. These
-trains are wonderfully equipped with an emergency operating room,
-kitchen, dining room for up-patients and Staff sleeping berths,
-dispensary, medical officers, nurses and orderlies.
-
-Now comes the first real hospital treatment. All along the coast of
-France and at suitable places were hospital centres such as Calais, St.
-Omer, Le Treport, Le Havre, Rouen, Etaples and Boulogne, with General
-and Stationary and Special Hospitals. These centres were under an
-A.D.M.S., who was informed usually twice daily by the different
-hospitals what empty beds were available. From this information convoys
-(hospital trains) were dispatched from the C.C.S. to the different
-hospitals. These were notified by telegraph of the approximate time of
-arrival so that ample provision could be made to transfer by motor
-ambulance the patients from the train, on arrival, to the hospital.
-
-These hospitals were all splendidly equipped with X-ray departments and
-pathological laboratories, and were well staffed with medical and
-surgical specialists, highly trained nurses and orderlies. When
-satisfactory progress had been made here, patients were transferred to
-England to similar, though more highly specialized, hospitals and
-convalescent homes, and finally, where necessary, were invalided home to
-Canada.
-
-The difference between a General and a Stationary Hospital was only in
-size, the former being primarily about twice the size of the latter.
-
-Nova Scotia contributed its quota to all these varied services,
-including three complete Medical Units.
-
-
-               NO. 1 CANADIAN CASUALTY CLEARING STATION.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. F. L. S. FORD, C.M.G.]
-
-The first Nova Scotia Unit to be accepted and mobilized for Overseas
-Service with the First Contingent was a Medical Unit, No. 2 Clearing
-Hospital, which had recently returned from annual training at Sussex,
-N.B. Its headquarters was at Halifax and its Commanding Officer Major F.
-L. S. Ford, who afterwards became Colonel Ford, C.M.G., and was three
-times mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig’s despatches.
-
-This Unit afterwards became No. 1 Canadian Casualty Clearing Station and
-had a most brilliant record, going through the whole war service of the
-Canadian Corps.
-
-Immediately after Great Britain entered the War on August 4, 1914, Major
-Ford telegraphed to Ottawa offering his Unit for Active Service, and on
-August 10th its mobilization was ordered at Liverpool, N.S. On August
-12th a recruiting meeting occurred in the Town Hall, Liverpool, which
-was one of the first, if not the first, public recruiting meeting held
-in Canada. This meeting was addressed by Major Ford, the mayor of the
-town, and a number of other citizens. There was a great deal of
-enthusiasm, and then and there the Unit was recruited up to peace-time
-strength, and in a few days orders were received to entrain on August
-20, 1914, for Valcartier Training Camp, via Halifax.
-
-When the people of Queens County saw this first draft of the flower of
-their young manhood march away in the King’s uniform for service on the
-battle-fields of Europe, they felt that the War was a real thing and had
-already reached their erst-while quiet, peaceful homes. The send-off was
-appropriate to the occasion and the people were proud of their noble
-sons who so promptly responded to the call of Empire and bore themselves
-splendidly as they marched away amidst the acclaim of their friends and
-comrades.
-
-This Unit had always been recruited principally from Queens and
-Annapolis Counties, but had members on its strength from all over the
-Maritime Provinces and during the period of Active Service had on its
-roll men from all parts of Canada.
-
-At 11 a.m., August 22nd, the Unit arrived at Valcartier with six
-officers and forty-one other ranks, who were soon mixed up in the moil
-and swirl and grind of military training in that big Camp with some
-thirty thousand others.
-
-The officers, N.C.O.’s and men who went to Valcartier from Liverpool
-were: Major F. S. L. Ford, Commanding Officer; Capt. H. T. M. McKinnon,
-Capt. C. Harold Dickson, Capt. G. B. Peat, Lieut. H. A. Pickup, Q.M.,
-Lieut. G. W. McKeen, Staff-Sergt. F. Burnett, Staff-Sergt. E. Dexter,
-Staff-Sergt. E. Hunt, Q.M.S. R. Robar, Staff-Sergt. R. Brown, Sergt. J.
-Fiendel, Sergt. McLeod; Privates—A. Crouse, J. Gardine, L. Keating, P.
-Joudrey, A. Morris, N. Neily, M. Reid, L. Frost, W. Joudrey, W. Murray,
-H. Harnish, E. Conrad, G. McGill, H. Rafuse, C. Fraser, C. Holden, E.
-McGowan, C. Robart, W. Bernadine, J. Hallett, W. O’Reilly, H. Oickle, C.
-Jollimore, S. White, A. Trefry, B. Smith, A. Joudrey, L. Brooks, H.
-Lantz, J. Downer, G. Conrod, R. Bell.
-
-On arrival at Valcartier this Unit took over No. 2 Camp Hospital, and
-carried on as a Field Hospital. The Staff was kept pretty busy with the
-usual run of camp sickness among new recruits, camp diarrhœa, acute
-indigestion, fevers, camp accidents, and the usual P.U.O.’s and N.Y.D.’s
-thrown in.
-
-While at Valcartier, the O.C., Major Ford, was gazetted Lieut.-Colonel.
-Capt. G. W. O. Downsley, Capt. C. E. Cooper Cole, and forty other ranks
-of No. 1 Clearing Hospital of Toronto were taken on the strength as well
-as Major H. A. Chisholm, Capt. R. H. McDonald and Capt. J. M. Stewart.
-Lieut. G. W. McKeen was transferred as Medical Officer to an Army
-Service Corps and Captain Cole was retransferred to No. 2 General
-Hospital.
-
-At 4.30 p.m., September 25th, the Unit left by train for Quebec and
-embarked on the _S.S. Megantic_ at 6 p.m. The other Units to embark on
-this ship were: The 15th Canadian Battalion (48th Highlanders),
-Lieut.-Col. John Currie; The 1st Divisional Ammunition Column,
-Lieut.-Col. J. Penhole; No. 1 Canadian Field Ambulance, Lieut.-Col. A.
-E. Ross.
-
-After lying in the stream for five days the ship weighed anchor at 10.30
-p.m. on September 30th and proceeded down the St. Lawrence River to the
-rendezvous in Gaspé Bay, for there were thirty-one troopships in this
-grand fleet which was to convey the Canadian Army of thirty thousand
-safely over the ocean to Old Mother England.
-
-As the good ship _Megantic_ glided quietly down the river the stars
-shone brightly, the silvery moon was high in the heavens, and the clear
-frosty tang of early autumn was in the air. As the shimmering waters of
-this great river glistened and danced in the moonlight all nature seemed
-to have an air of serene quietude and universal confidence. The scene
-might have been committed to canvas as an emblem of peace; but this was
-a first stage in the great adventure of war, the fullest bitterness of
-which many of that gay company were destined to taste.
-
-At 3 p.m., October 3, 1914, this great flotilla weighed anchor and put
-to sea, led by _H.M.S. Eclipse_, immediately followed by the _Megantic_,
-containing the first Nova Scotia Medical Unit. There were a number of
-torpedo boat destroyers, and among the battleships were the _Queen Mary_
-and the _Glory_. After an uneventful voyage of eleven days this great
-flotilla arrived at Plymouth on October 14th. The reception given the
-Canadian Contingent everywhere was wonderful. The sentiment back of it
-all seemed to reach every heart. A splendid army of sturdy Anglo-Saxons
-from a new and great country had come three thousand miles over the seas
-to join the forces of the Mother Land within two months from the time
-she had entered the War.
-
-After lying in the stream for two days the _Megantic_ docked and on
-October 16th the 1st Canadian Casualty Clearing Station disembarked and
-marched midst cheering throngs through the streets of Plymouth together
-with the other Units, and entrained for the land of winter slush and mud
-at Salisbury Plains. At 2 a.m. on a pitch dark October morning the Unit
-detrained at Patney and Chirton Station and marched to West Down North,
-where they arrived tired and weary after a sleepless night and a long
-march, at 7.30 a.m., October 17th.
-
-Major H. A. Chisholm was called for duty to the office of the A.D.M.S.
-Canadians shortly after arrival. Major Chisholm belonged to Antigonish,
-and was a member of the Permanent Army Medical Corps. He had a
-distinguished career Overseas and attained the rank of Colonel and was
-mentioned in despatches and awarded the honors of C.M.G. and D.S.O. He
-also held the important positions of D.A.D.M.S. 1st Canadian Division;
-A.D.M.S. 4th Division; A.D.M.S. attached to the office of the D.G.M.S.
-Canadians, London, and D.D.M.S., O.M.F.C., London.
-
-The unusually heavy autumn rains of 1914 converted the rolling downs of
-Salisbury Plains into seas of mud, through which the Unit wallowed and
-bathed and boated in its efforts to follow field training. The troops
-were all under canvas at this time.
-
-Lord Astor, then Major Astor, had a palatial residence and spacious
-grounds at Cliveden, near Taplow, Bucks, the grounds of which he offered
-for hospital purposes. In December No. 1 Canadian C.C.S. was sent to
-Cliveden to establish a hospital, and for six weeks the entire personnel
-was busy in these preparations. This hospital, established by No. 1
-Canadian Casualty Clearing Hospital of Nova Scotia, ultimately developed
-into the great Duchess of Connaught Hospital, afterwards officially
-known as No. 15 Canadian General Hospital, upon which thousands of
-Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, South Africans and other
-Britishers can look back with grateful memories for the skilful and
-successful treatment and great kindness for which this hospital became
-noted.
-
-A Casualty Clearing Station is a field unit, and consequently when the
-1st Canadian Division was ordered to France this Unit received a move
-order and preceded the Division to France, landing at Le Havre at 10
-a.m., February 3, 1915, on _S.S. Huanchaco_ from Southampton. On the
-same ship was another Canadian Hospital Unit—No. 1 Canadian Stationary,
-commanded by Lieut.-Col. Lorn Drum (now Colonel Lorn Drum, C.B.E.,
-Inspector of Military Hospitals for Canada). These, however, were not
-the first Canadian Units in France, as they were preceded in November,
-1914, by a No. 2 Canadian Stationary Hospital, which was commanded in
-its last days in France and brought back to Canada by the writer. This
-was really the first Canadian Unit of any description to function in
-France as a Unit and the only one in France in 1914.
-
-After some six weeks’ stay at Le Havre the Unit was transferred to
-Boulogne, where it arrived at 9.45 a.m., February 26, 1915.
-
-Motion was usually rapid in France and changes made at short notice.
-Within a week this Unit had orders to proceed from Boulogne to First
-Army Headquarters at the Town of Aire-Sur-La-Lys, where it arrived
-Saturday morning, March 6th. On arrival the Unit was assigned to Fort
-Gassion, which had been a French prison before the War but was now
-occupied by British troops as a rest camp, and there was also a Motor
-Ambulance Convoy billeted there. The work assigned to No. 1 C.C.S. was
-to take over this old prison and make it immediately ready for the
-reception of patients.
-
-The old buildings were filthy and in a dilapidated condition, and
-required a great deal of work to prepare them for patients, and all the
-equipment had to be unpacked and placed. The whole Unit went to work
-with diligence and determination and within forty-eight hours they
-brought order out of chaos and on Monday morning admitted and
-comfortably housed fifty patients.
-
-The Battle of Neuve Chapelle was in progress and was the source of most
-of the patients during the week.
-
-Heroic work was done by the six nursing sisters who had been attached to
-and had come over to France with this Unit. They were:—Vivian Tremaine,
-M.V.O., R.R.C., Frances M. Frew, M. U. Riverin, Amy Howard, Minnie
-Follette.
-
-Nursing Sister Follette, of Great Village, Colchester County, afterwards
-lost her life with the sinking of the hospital ship _Llandovery Castle_
-by the Germans.
-
-No. 1 Canadian C.C.S. was the only Canadian Unit in action during the
-Battle of Neuve Chapelle. It was one of six C.C.S.’s attached to the
-First Army. Before the War was over there were sixteen. This Unit showed
-such prompt action and capacity that it received the special
-commendation of Major-General Sir W. G. MacPherson, Director Medical
-Services, First Army, and in June the O.C., Lieut.-Colonel Ford, was
-awarded the C.M.G., the first awarded to Canadians in France.
-
-During this engagement Capts. C. H. Dickson and G. W. O. Downsley and a
-party of twelve orderlies were hastily sent to Merville to assist a
-British C.C.S., and at the Second Battle of Ypres, Captain Downsley and
-Captain J. M. Stewart, of Halifax, with Nursing Sister Follette and
-twelve orderlies were assigned to duty at Hazebrouck to assist another
-British C.C.S.
-
-There was heavy fighting throughout the summer of 1915 in the Bethune
-Sector, and No. 1 Canadian C.C.S. did a lot of heavy and trying work,
-and in addition detailed a section under Major W. T. M. McKinnon and
-Captain C. H. Dickson for duty with No. 2 British C.C.S., which was
-located at the Village of Choques.
-
-This Unit continued its headquarters at Aire, and in May, June and
-September took its full share in the herculean task of evacuating the
-wounded from Festubert, Givenchy and Loos. During the battle of Loos
-over sixty thousand casualties were evacuated from the British Front by
-the various clearing stations in four days.
-
-One of the outstanding distinctions of No. 1 Canadian C.C.S. is that,
-when His Majesty King George V was seriously injured near Bethune in
-August, 1915, by his horse falling and rolling over on him, one of the
-nursing sisters of this Unit, V. A. Tremaine, was selected by the
-Director Medical Services of the 1st Imperial Army for personal
-attendance upon the King. His Majesty was cared for in a chateau near
-Aire until he was able to be moved to England. Sister Tremaine and a
-second nurse who had been selected, Nursing Sister E. K. Ward,
-Q.A.I.M.N.S. Territorials, accompanied the Royal patient and nursed His
-Majesty through convalescence at Buckingham Palace.
-
-When Sister Tremaine finished her duties the King conferred upon her the
-M.V.O. and personally presented her with the insignia of that Order and
-made a personal gift of an exquisite brooch of gold and enamel set with
-diamonds. Her Majesty the Queen gave her autograph copies of the royal
-photographs.
-
-The Unit continued to operate at Aire until January, 1916, when it was
-transferred to Bailleul and opened up in a very fine pavilion of the
-Asylum for the Insane. This splendid building was subsequently destroyed
-by German shell fire and bombs. The Unit saw much strenuous work here,
-and had its first experience with gassed cases. Sixty of these out of
-eight hundred died within the first twenty-four hours after being
-brought in.
-
-Major Edward Archibald, of No. 3 (McGill) Canadian General Hospital, was
-attached to the Unit as a surgical specialist, and Major W. A. McLean,
-of Glace Bay, N.S., was transferred from No. 1 Canadian General Hospital
-as his assistant, and afterwards succeeded Major Archibald. Major McLean
-was killed during the summer of 1917 while at work in a C.C.S. in the
-northern sector of the British line. He was considered one of the most
-brilliant surgeons in the British Army.
-
-In June, 1916, Colonel Ford was appointed Deputy Assistant Director of
-Medical Services of the Canadian Corps and Lieut.-Col. T. W. H. Young
-succeeded to the command. Later Colonel Young was succeeded by Major C.
-H. Dickson, who was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-
-There was a great deal of activity on the Arras Front in the early
-spring of 1917, and preparations were being made for the drive for Vimy
-Ridge. At this time the Unit was transferred to Aubigny, behind Arras.
-Under the energetic administration of Lieut.-Colonel Dickson this Unit
-was very much increased in strength and did valuable work during the
-Battle of Vimy Ridge and throughout the operations on the Arras Front.
-
-In the summer of 1917 the Unit was again moved to a position near
-Nieuport and arrived just as the Germans had broken through and made a
-nasty salient in the British line. Amidst this confusion, uncertainty
-and fierce fighting, the Commanding Officer, Colonel Dickson, quickly
-located his Unit and did such splendid work in the evacuation of the
-wounded that he was mentioned in despatches and awarded the D.S.O.
-
-The Unit remained at Nieuport for a few weeks only when the position
-became untenable for hospital purposes, owing to almost constant
-shelling and nightly bombing. Lieut.-Colonel Dickson was called to
-London for Staff duty, the command was taken over by Lieut.-Colonel A.
-G. H. Bennett, O.B.E., and the Unit was transferred again to the
-Arras-Vimy Front.
-
-During those anxious days of the early spring and summer of 1918, while
-the Germans battered themselves hopelessly against the impenetrable wall
-of steel erected by the Canadians along the Arras Front this Unit did
-fine work in caring for and clearing the seriously sick and wounded and
-also got many casualties from that memorable drive of the Germans
-against the 5th British Army in March, 1918, as all the Ambulance and
-C.C.S. Units in that area were quickly put out of commission.
-
-When preparations were made for the final victorious Canadian drive
-which commenced at Amiens on August 8, 1918, this Unit was moved to that
-sector and followed the Canadian Corps through those strenuous days to
-final victory and accompanied the 1st Canadian Division on its
-victorious march into Germany. At Bonn No. 1 Canadian Stationary
-Hospital took over the famous St. Martin’s Hospital, which was located
-on one of the loftiest hills in Bonn, and but two weeks before had dukes
-and scions of the leading aristocracy of Germany as patients, for it had
-been one of the most exclusive hospitals in Germany. Now it became the
-haven of the sick Canadian Tommy.
-
-It seemed like the realization of a fantastic dream to the medical Staff
-and nursing sisters, as well as the rank and file, to find themselves in
-a modern and well-equipped hospital with luxurious appointments and
-surroundings, as compared with four long years of mud and mire under
-canvas, in huts, and often broken-down buildings on the edge of the
-battle-fields of the Somme, Ypres, Vimy, Passchendaele, Amiens, Bourlon,
-Cambrai and Valenciennes, Mons, and then glorious victory.
-
-The following is an incomplete list of the battle casualties of this
-Unit:—
-
-
-                           KILLED IN ACTION.
-
-Major Walter Maclean; Nursing Sisters Mae B. Sampson and Minnie
-Follette, both killed on Hospital Ship _Llandovery Castle_; Pte Proctor,
-Pte. Vere Mason.
-
-
-                                WOUNDED.
-
-Lieut.-Col. F. S. L. Ford, seriously, by piece of bombshell (fracture
-base of skull); Capt. E. C. C. Cole, seriously; Capt. R. H. MacDonald,
-Sergeant M. Neilly, seriously.
-
-
-                  NO. 7 CANADIAN STATIONARY HOSPITAL.
-
-                           (Dalhousie Unit.)
-
-Dalhousie University was early inspired with patriotic fervor. Within a
-month after the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Germany,
-Dalhousie University offered to the Government the personnel of a
-Casualty Clearing Station. This offer was renewed in the spring of 1915.
-It was not known until later that this type of Unit was not in demand,
-and it was decided to offer the personnel of a Stationary Hospital.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. JOHN STEWART, C.B.E.]
-
-So anxious was Dalhousie to have a definite, tangible part in the more
-strenuous service of the nation in this great struggle, that a
-delegation was sent to Ottawa on August 13, 1915, representing the
-Governors and Faculty of the University. So well were the claims of
-Dalhousie presented that the offer was now accepted of a Stationary
-Hospital, to be known officially as “No. 7 Canadian Stationary
-Hospital.” Definite authority for this was received on September 27,
-1915.
-
-When it came to the selection of a Commanding Officer everybody turned
-instinctively to that great outstanding factotum in Medicine and Surgery
-in Nova Scotia, Dr. John Stewart, whose name inspired enthusiasm,
-confidence and respect.
-
-Halifax was taxed to its utmost in supplying accommodation for troops.
-All the old military barracks were full, the Armories were occupied by
-infantry Battalions, the sheds on No. 2 Pier were also occupied, and
-there was consequently some delay in finding accommodation for the
-mobilization and training of this Hospital Unit. Dalhousie University
-came to the rescue and gave the old Medical College building on the
-corner of Robie and College Streets, and Principal Kaulbach, of the
-Maritime Business College, gave the use of the dining room and kitchen
-of the Business College restaurant as a mess room. By November 1st the
-old Medical College had been converted into an adequate barracks and
-orderly room.
-
-The selection of the medical and nursing personnel and the recruiting of
-other ranks then commenced in earnest and the response was wonderful.
-For a Stationary Hospital only twelve medical officers and twenty-seven
-nursing sisters were required: but thirty medical men and eighty nurses
-applied. The material was all so excellent that it was a delicate and
-difficult task to select. Preference was given, however, to Dalhousie
-graduates and those connected with the University; and among the nurses
-preference was given to graduates of the two outstanding Nova Scotia
-nurses’ training hospitals, the Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, and
-St. Joseph’s Hospital, Glace Bay, as these were the only general
-hospitals in the Province with the necessary number of beds to meet the
-requirements of the Military Service in the matter of training.
-
-Just before orders were received to proceed Overseas in the latter part
-of December, 1915, the Unit was inspected by General Benson, G.O.C. of
-this Military District, Colonel A. H. Powell, D.A.A. & Q.M.G., and
-Colonel Grant, A.D.M.S. These officers were very generous in their
-praises of what the Unit had already accomplished in the way of training
-and establishing a snappy military organization. Their sturdy Commanding
-Officer, with his sixty-seven years of youth, had shown his magnificent
-qualities of body as well as mind and character. When Colonel Stewart
-set the pace on their route marches the youngest and most athletic had
-to let himself out. Colonel Grant, the A.D.M.S., referred to the
-splendid work already done in the service by members of the Staff, and
-mentioned particularly the work done by Major E. V. Hogan as Chief of
-Surgery at Cogswell Street Military Hospital and Major L. M. Murray as
-Chief of Medicine; and also expressed his regret at losing his Deputy,
-Capt. F. V. Woodbury, but congratulated the Unit on what it had gained
-thereby.
-
-The time set for leaving Halifax for Overseas was December 31, 1915, via
-St. John, N.B. The departure at one time of so many professional men and
-women, who stood high in the confidence of the people of Halifax and
-Nova Scotia, was a poignant reminder of the serious proportions assumed
-by the Great War.
-
-On the evening of the last day of 1915, when Dalhousie Unit entrained at
-North Street Depot, a large concourse of people were assembled, not only
-of Halifax but from many other parts of the Province. The bands of the
-1st Canadian Artillery and 63rd Rifles, as well as the pipers, joined
-the citizens of Nova Scotia in a fitting farewell. Their train pulled
-out amidst music and cheers.
-
-The Unit arrived at St. John at 6 a.m., New Year’s Day, and went aboard
-His Majesty’s Troopship _Metagama_. At noon the officers were
-entertained at luncheon by the medical profession of St. John at the
-Royal Hotel. The Unit sailed at 9 o’clock on the evening of January 1,
-1916, with several other Units, with Col. H. C. Bickford as Officer
-Commanding troops.
-
-Sea voyages are pretty much alike. There are those who like their beer
-and poker, or bridge, and those who like to laze and read and sleep and
-sleep and read and laze, or sit and think, or simply sit, while others
-wish they had taken the advice of the poet—“Praise the sea but keep on
-land.” A convoy of torpedo boat destroyers was met at noon on the eighth
-day out, and at 3 a.m. on January 10th the Unit landed at Plymouth and
-disembarked at 9 a.m.
-
-The personnel on arriving in England was as follows: O.C., Lieut.-Col.
-John Stewart; Majors E. V. Hogan and L. M. Murray; Captains M. A.
-MacAulay, V. N. MacKay, K. A. MacKenzie, E. K. Maclellan, S. J.
-MacLennan, D. A. MacLeod, J. A. Murray, John Rankine, Frank V. Woodbury,
-Karl F. Woodbury (Dental Officer), Lieut. S. R. Balcom, Dispenser;
-Lieut. Walter Taylor, Quartermaster; Miss L. M. Hubley, Matron, and
-twenty-six Nursing Sisters; one hundred and twenty-three N.C.O.’s and
-men.
-
-The officers, non-commissioned officers and men entrained at once for
-Shorncliffe, where they arrived in the evening, while the matron and
-nursing sisters proceeded to London and were temporarily quartered at
-Bonnington Hotel. They were afterwards distributed for duty between the
-hospitals at Westcliffe, Moore Barracks and Ramsgate.
-
-On the 11th the Unit was inspected by Lieut.-Col. F. W. E. Wilson, of
-Niagara, Ontario, A.D.M.S. Shorncliffe area.
-
-Billets were secured and the medical officers were employed on medical
-boards or as medical officers to various Units in the training camps,
-while the non-commissioned officers and men were assigned to various
-duties.
-
-On January 17th Capt. F. V. Woodbury was stricken with that dread
-disease among troops, cerebro-spinal meningitis. For some days there was
-great anxiety on his account, but he made a rapid and complete recovery.
-
-On February 5th Colonel Stewart, O.C. of No. 7 Canadian Stationary
-Hospital, was given command of Shorncliffe Military Hospital, with the
-forty subsidiary hospitals of the Dover area, in succession to
-Lieut.-Col. R. J. Blanchard, No. 3 C.C.S., of Winnipeg. He immediately
-recalled the nursing sisters and reassembled his Unit, and with his
-reorganized Staff manned Shorncliffe Military General Hospital and the
-Helena Hospital for officers. The Shorncliffe Hospital alone had 800
-beds, and altogether there were some 10,000 beds in the hospitals taken
-over. Colonel Stewart and his Staff had a pretty busy time administering
-the hospitals of this large area. Sir Frederic Eve visited these
-hospitals periodically.
-
-During this time there were some changes in personnel: Corpls. G. S.
-Mitchell and Eric Grant left to take commissions; Capt. S. J. MacLennan
-went to Westcliffe Eye and Ear Hospital. Capt. E. Douglas joined the
-Unit during the latter part of the period here and sixteen other ranks
-were taken on strength.
-
-There was much excitement and anticipation when it was announced that
-the Unit was to proceed to France. The impression got abroad somehow
-that the Unit was to go direct to the Arras and Somme areas, where they
-would be in close contact with actual warfare. This was the source of a
-good deal of enthusiasm. The Unit left Shorncliffe and proceeded to
-Southampton on Sunday, June 18, 1916, embarked there on the _City of
-Benares_ and landed at Le Havre the same day. On arrival the Unit
-received orders to take over the Hotel des Emigrants at Le Havre from
-No. 2 Imperial General Hospital, which contained 400 beds. This was
-somewhat disappointing to the men after their anticipations of
-proceeding at once to the Front. However, all ranks settled down to
-steady work, and in a few weeks orders were received to establish a
-subsidiary tented hospital Unit at Harfleur, about six miles from Le
-Havre, to consist of 400 additional beds. This meant that the existing
-Staff had to man two hospitals of the same size, thus bringing a very
-heavy strain on the entire personnel, especially the nursing sisters and
-other ranks. Major L. M. Murray was placed in charge of the Harfleur
-Division.
-
-The main hospital was used for German wounded prisoners being sent back
-from the forward areas and for local sick from various Imperial Units at
-Le Havre. The subsidiary hospital was used for camp sick and accidents
-from the Canadian Base and several Imperial Units.
-
-As soon as these extensions were completed and in operation an urgent
-request was sent in for more men. Eventually a much larger number were
-sent than were required of P.B. men. (Permanent Base men are those who
-are no longer fit for service in the front areas.) These were with the
-Unit only a few days when orders were received to despatch to hospitals
-in another area a draft larger in number than the one received. This
-took away several old members of the Unit and left it shorter handed
-than ever, but the Unit “carried on” and did its work under
-difficulties.
-
-Constant changes were taking place in the staff. Capt. J. M. Stewart,
-nephew of the O.C., came to the Unit shortly after arrival in France
-from No. 1 C.C.S., and in August, 1916, Capt. F. V. Woodbury, Capt. M.
-A. MacAulay, Capt. John Rankine and Capt. Edgar Douglas were posted to
-other duties. Capt. E. K. Maclellan was posted to another hospital in
-March, 1917. Numerous officers from other parts of Canada were detailed
-for duty with this Unit from time to time. One of the most popular of
-these was Captain Ireland, of Ontario, who afterwards received the M.C.
-and was killed in action.
-
-On December 31, 1916, the hospital at Le Havre was handed over to the
-Royal Army Medical Corps and the personnel of Dalhousie Unit, which had
-been carrying on there, marched to Harfleur and joined the balance of
-the Unit. Once more the whole Unit was united and experienced a very
-general sense of satisfaction. Ample provision had been made for
-quarters, mess, dental offices and orderly room.
-
-In January and February, 1917, the weather was very severe, with steady,
-keen frost and a good deal of snow, “But,” as Colonel Stewart puts it,
-“the bitterest memories are the indescribable mud, deep, tenacious and
-slippery.” As spring approached it looked as if the summer were to be
-spent in the beautiful Lezard Valley, in which Harfleur was situated,
-and consequently potatoes and other vegetables were planted, shrubs set
-out and other work done with a view to beautifying the grounds. It was
-beginning to seem quite like home here. All the troops coming to France
-en route to the Front came through this base, and many Nova Scotians
-were met and old acquaintances renewed. Also a good many Nova Scotia
-boys trickled in to the hospital, and when they did they were lavished
-with attention, and all the nurses and orderlies wanted to wait on them,
-and the pipers, too, would manage to make themselves heard and many a
-lad’s eye was made brighter when he heard again the skirl o’ the pipes.
-
-There was no abiding place in France, and it was just as one got nicely
-settled down that he had to move, and at this very time the Unit got
-orders to proceed to the front areas and take over a hospital at Arques,
-which is a suburb of the City of St. Omer. Headed by the pipers the Unit
-marched off to the station Saturday evening, May 12th, but did not
-entrain until daylight the next morning when a special train was
-provided for the Unit and its hospital equipment.
-
-The hospital at Harfleur was taken over by a Welsh Unit, the 40th
-Stationary Hospital, R.A.M.C.
-
-The route was through Yvetot, Amiens, Abbeville and over the Somme, past
-the former battle-field of Crecy, through Boulogne and Calais to St.
-Omer and to the little suburban town of Arques, which was reached at 2
-a.m., May 14, 1917. The rumble of the artillery could now be plainly
-heard, and the eastern sky was aflicker with the flashings of guns. The
-Unit was now within thirty miles of the trenches. A noble old French
-Chateau with spacious grounds, and a canal running through them, was to
-be the domicile of the hospital. This same chateau had been occupied by
-the Duke of Wellington after the campaign of Waterloo.
-
-Tents were pitched on the grounds to supply the additional
-accommodations required, and the hospital equipment was soon unpacked
-and placed; but there was considerable delay in getting the necessary
-supplies for the erection of kitchens, bath houses, pavilions, and
-material for other necessary alterations and accommodations.
-
-The first convoy was received on June 8th and consisted of wounded
-German prisoners of war. There were 13 officers and 379 other ranks.
-This was a large order for the first while not yet completely ready, and
-tested the resourcefulness and agility of the Unit. They rose to the
-occasion and handled the situation with great skill. Many of the men
-were only slightly wounded, and were soon discharged to prison camps.
-
-From this time on everybody was kept busy. Wounded came by ambulances,
-hospital trains and hospital barges down the canal. There were Imperial,
-Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, East Indian and Portuguese troops.
-
-Dominion Day, 1917, will long be remembered by the inhabitants of St.
-Omer and vicinity. The Unit engaged a large field and advertised an
-athletic meet, and sent invitations to all the Units in the area. They
-all responded, for when July 1st came, bright and sunny, the whole
-countryside turned out, including the civilian population. A splendid
-programme of sports was carried out, and No. 7 carried off a goodly
-share of the honors. In the shade of the trees of the chateau grounds in
-the evening tables were spread and the Unit sat down to a “family party”
-and enjoyed a season of conviviality and good fellowship.
-
-The next afternoon all patients who were able to be up, or to be carried
-out, were given a special tea on the lawn in honor of Dominion Day.
-While this was going on His Majesty the King with H.R.H. the Prince of
-Wales paid the Unit a surprise visit. His Majesty was particularly
-gracious in his felicitations to patients and Staff, by all of whom the
-honor of this visit was greatly appreciated.
-
-During the summer the enemy aeroplanes were very active in bombing raids
-on the back areas, especially on moonlight nights. The first real
-bombing raid this Unit experienced was on September 30th. Enemy
-aeroplanes came over this area in great force shortly after sundown and
-began dropping numerous bombs. The loud swish of the bombs coming
-through the air followed by the fearful crash of the explosion was
-terrifying; but everybody, nursing sisters and all, “stood to” at their
-post of duty. Although No. 7 escaped there were serious casualties. Four
-men were killed and several wounded at the British Hospital just across
-the river, and four nursing sisters and sixteen men were killed at the
-Scottish Hospital in St. Omer, only two miles distant.
-
-On October 8th H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught visited and inspected the
-Unit.
-
-The first word of the terrific explosion at Halifax was received on
-December 8th, and many anxious days were spent awaiting definite word
-and to know just what had happened.
-
-The Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel Stewart, was called to the higher
-and more important duties of Surgical Consultant to hospitals in England
-and left the Unit, greatly to the regret of the entire personnel, on
-Thursday, March 7, 1918. The command of the Unit was taken over by Major
-E. V. Hogan, who was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-
-March and April, 1918, brought still more busy days to the Dalhousie
-Unit. Being so near the Front they received a very large number of
-wounded, many straight from the field of battle. Although this hospital
-had only 400 beds it frequently had 800 severely wounded soldiers to
-look after.
-
-The final titanic struggles of 1918 had been ushered in when the fate of
-the world hung in a balance and men spoke hoarsely and with bated breath
-of the possible outcome. The Germans had smashed through the Fifth
-British Army in front of Cambrai and then hurled themselves against the
-Canadians on the Arras Front, only to be checked and beaten off. Then
-they sought a more vulnerable sector and attacked the Portuguese on the
-Bailleul Front. The Portuguese troops gave way and the enemy rapidly
-advanced towards Aire and got within less than three miles of this
-strategic point and were able to put shells into St. Omer, Arques and
-all sections of that hospital area, so that shelling became more or less
-constant and bombing raids were a nightly occurrence. There were a
-number of casualties among patients and Staff at some of the hospitals.
-Word was hourly expected that Aire had been taken and that the Germans
-were marching on Hazebrouck and St. Omer. It was therefore considered
-that this area was no longer tenable for hospital purposes and orders
-were issued for all hospitals to evacuate at once. Dalhousie Unit
-entrained on April 18th for Etaples.
-
-The Unit had received orders to promptly open up a large tent hospital
-at Etaples; but these orders were subsequently cancelled, greatly to the
-disappointment of the Staff, and the entire personnel was posted to
-various other hospitals in that area.
-
-The Germans seemed to have acquired a special fancy for bombing and
-shooting up hospital areas, and on May 18th subjected Etaples to a very
-severe aerial bombardment by sixty planes. Casualties among officers,
-nursing sisters and men amounted to over a thousand. Dalhousie Unit lost
-two men killed—Pte. F. W. Laidlaw and Pte. Takanayagi (Jap.)—and two
-others wounded, including the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Col. E. V.
-Hogan, and Pte. W. G. O’Tulle.
-
-Etaples had been a large hospital centre, but was now abandoned as such
-and the various hospitals were withdrawn to other places. The Dalhousie
-Unit was moved to Rouen, which was the largest base hospital centre in
-France. Here the officers and personnel were distributed and attached to
-various British Hospitals and had a further enriched experience, as
-there were very many casualties constantly coming in direct from the
-field of battle, owing to the demoralization of the hospital service in
-the front areas during the period of the German drive. Most of the
-nursing sisters had been allowed to go on leave, and some were sent to
-England.
-
-A special Canadian Hospital was to be established at Camiers, between
-Etaples and Boulogne, and Dalhousie Unit was ordered, in September,
-1918, to reassemble and proceed to Camiers and take over a hospital of
-1,000 beds at a site formerly occupied by No. 42 British Stationary
-Hospital. In the five months that followed this hospital was crowded and
-the patients were all Canadians.
-
-It was during this period that the Armistice came with its relaxing
-influences, its glorious sweets of victory, and happy dreams of home.
-Christmas also brought its good-cheer and was most pleasantly celebrated
-by the patients as well as the Staff with a splendid Christmas dinner
-and other festivities.
-
-Early in February, 1919, the Unit received orders to hand over to the
-Nova Scotia sister Unit, No. 9 Canadian Stationary Hospital—the St.
-Francis Xavier Unit—and proceed to Le Havre en route to England and
-Canada. The Unit sailed from Le Havre on March 17, 1919, for
-Southampton, arriving there in the afternoon. The stay in England lasted
-only a month, but this was ample time for all the members of the Unit to
-visit different parts of the British Isles.
-
-During its service the Dalhousie Unit treated some 60,000 sick and
-wounded, 10,000 in England and 50,000 in France.
-
-On April 17, 1919, a happy group of Nova Scotians assembled on the docks
-at Liverpool and boarded the good ship _Belgic_ with 3,500 other
-Canadian troops for Home, Sweet Home. On April 23rd that goodly company
-landed in Halifax and were greeted by a people proud of their noble sons
-returned with the laurels of victory. That happy group of Nova Scotians
-now assembled on the pier at Halifax and were given an ovation and
-cheered to the echo as they marched through the streets to the Armories
-to be demobilized. These were they who had gone in the honored name of
-Old Dalhousie. Well did they guard the honor of that name, and long may
-Dalhousie and Nova Scotia be proud of the record and deeds of the
-Dalhousie Unit.
-
-The following casualties occurred among the members of the Unit:
-
-_Killed in Action_: Ptes. Wm. Beck, B. E. Fraser, J. F. McLellan, Horace
-Grant, S. J. Dick, F. W. Laidlaw, Sergt. F. J. Howley, Ptes. J. C.
-Sutherland, P. L. Findlay, C. P. Wright, C. J. A. Guymer, Takanayagi
-(Jap.).
-
-_Died from Service Disability_: Pte. C. J. McCarthy.
-
-_Wounded_: Lieut.-Col. E. V. Hogan, C.B.E.; Major D. A. MacLeod, Ptes.
-W. H. Chase, F. F. Choote, Dawson (twice), Bugler J. E. Doyle (twice),
-Sergt. P. D. MacDonald, Pte. W. G. O’Tulle (twice), Sergt. F. H. Pond.
-
-The following Nova Scotia medical officers were at different times
-attached to the Dalhousie Unit: Gerald Grant, M.C.; J. M. Stewart, A. E.
-Mackintosh, A. H. McKinnon, F. B. Day, J. A. Munro, E. D. McLean, E. D.
-Douglas, M.C.; J. E. Ellis, Seymour MacKenzie, K. Blackadar, A. M.
-Covert, A. Ellis, J. I. O’Connell, Andrew Love, W. H. McDonald.
-
-The following received commissions in the Field: H. B. Archibald, Wm
-Beck (killed in flying), R.F.C., G. Dawson, M.C. (wounded and awarded
-M.C.), Geo. Edgar (awarded commission, Embarkation Officer in Halifax),
-C. W. Holland, A. R. McPherson, W. H. Pool, D. H. Sutherland, M.C., J.
-D. Vair, Horace Grant, G. Wright, M.C., C. C. Armstrong, H. C. Lewis, C.
-F. Moriarity, J. C. Sutherland (killed), P. R. Tingley, A. W. Webber, C.
-Glennister, C. E. White, C. P. Wright, G. C. Beazley, J. F. McLellan,
-M.M., G. H. Morrison, H. B. Titus, T. H. Whelpley, C. J. A. Guymer, D.
-H. Windsor.
-
-Promotions and Awards: Lieut.-Col. John Stewart became Colonel and
-received the C.B.E., and later was Surgical Consultant to Canadian
-Hospitals in England.
-
-Major E. V. Hogan assumed command of the hospital on the promotion of
-Colonel Stewart. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel,
-received the C.B.E. and was wounded in the Etaples raid.
-
-Major L. M. Murray became heart specialist to Special Canadian Heart
-Hospital at Bushey Park.
-
-Capt. M. A. MacAulay, promoted to Major, left the Unit and was in
-command of various Units and Field Ambulances. After his return home was
-in command of Cogswell Street Military Hospital.
-
-Capt. V. N. MacKay, promoted to Major and was retained in England for
-special laboratory work.
-
-Capt. K. A. MacKenzie, promoted to Major on leaving the Unit at Arques
-in the summer of 1917 and was detailed for duty at Colchester Heart
-Hospital as Heart Specialist. Subsequently he became Officer in charge
-of Medicine at Bramshott Military Hospital.
-
-Capt. E. K. Maclellan, promoted to Major, afterwards returning to Canada
-where he became Officer in charge of Pine Hill Military Hospital, and
-later President Standing Medical Board. In winter of 1917, Acting
-Officer in charge Surgical Service No. 12 Canadian General Hospital.
-
-Capt. S. J. MacLennan, transferred to Westcliffe Eye and Ear Hospital,
-on arrival in England, for special duty. Invalided home from England.
-
-Capt. D. A. MacLeod, mentioned in dispatches, wounded at Passchendaele
-in September, 1918, promoted to Major, and on return to Canada became
-Registrar at Camp Hill Military Hospital.
-
-Capt. J. A. Murray, promoted to Major, and on return to England from
-France in summer of 1917 became Officer in charge of Clarence House
-Canadian Convalescent Hospital.
-
-Capt. John Rankine, left Unit in summer of 1916 and went as Medical
-Officer to No. 1 Entrenching Battalion. Was attached to No. 4 Field
-Ambulance, returning to Canada for duty in the fall of 1917.
-
-Capt. Frank V. Woodbury went to one of the Entrenching Battalions and
-was later attached to the Staff of the 3rd Division, recalled to England
-for Staff duty. Received promotion to Majority and subsequently promoted
-to rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.
-
-Capt. Karl F. Woodbury served continuously and returned to Canada with
-the Unit, with much credit to himself and the Unit, as Dental Officer.
-
-Lieut. S. R. Balcom returned to England in July, 1917, became
-Quartermaster No. 12 General Hospital and promoted to Captain. He
-returned to Canada and took over duties as Officer in charge of Medical
-Stores, Military District No. 6.
-
-Lieut, and Quartermaster Walter Taylor, promoted to Captain, served
-continuously with the Unit until recalled home at the time of the
-Halifax explosion in December, 1917, having had three children killed in
-the explosion and losing his property. Later became Quartermaster
-Cogswell Street Hospital.
-
-Matron L. M. Hubley served continuously with the Unit until April, 1918,
-subsequently attached for duty to No. 3 General Hospital and No. 8
-Stationary Hospital, and Westcliffe Eye and Ear Hospital, returning to
-Canada, March, 1919. On returning to Canada she was employed as Matron
-of Cogswell Street Military Hospital. In December, 1916, Matron Hubley
-was awarded the Royal Red Cross, 1st Class.
-
-Nursing Sister S. A. Archard served continuously with the Unit, with the
-exception of a short time at a Forestry Corps Hospital. She was awarded
-the Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class.
-
-Nursing Sister R. S. Calder, invalided to England in October, 1916,
-served with Canadian Hospitals in England during the rest of the War and
-was awarded the Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class.
-
-Nursing Sister E. A. Cooke served continuously with the Unit in England
-and France, returning home with the Unit. She was mentioned in
-dispatches and was awarded the Medal of Queen Elizabeth of Belgium.
-
-Nursing Sister A. M. Johnston, mentioned in dispatches.
-
-Nursing Sister MacDonald, mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Royal
-Red Cross, 2nd Class.
-
-Nursing Sister F. A. Rice, awarded Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class.
-
-Sergt.-Major G. T. Brown, recalled to England in June, 1917, receiving a
-commission as Quartermaster of C.A.M.C. General Depot, later being
-promoted to captain’s rank and receiving the O.B.E.
-
-Sergt. P. D. MacDonald was transferred to the R.C.R. and was wounded in
-action.
-
-Sergt. F. J. Howley received a commission in service. While home on
-leave was killed in the Halifax explosion.
-
-Sergt. A. F. McGregor, recalled from Shorncliffe to Canada to complete
-medical studies at McGill. On graduating received commission and later
-served again Overseas. He was promoted to Captain.
-
-Sergt. F. H. Pond obtained commission with an Infantry Battalion and was
-severely wounded and invalided to Canada.
-
-Sergt. T. H. Robinson succeeded Sergt.-Major G. T. Brown, being promoted
-to warrant officer.
-
-Sergt. C. G. Sutherland, recalled from Shorncliffe to Canada to complete
-medical studies at McGill. On graduating received commission and later
-served again Overseas, having been promoted to Captain.
-
-Corpl. E. McN. Grant left Unit in Shorncliffe, receiving commission in
-13th Battalion. Later invalided to Canada.
-
-Corpl. G. S. Mitchell promoted to Captain, later became Chaplain of the
-Unit. Invalided to Canada in October, 1917.
-
-Bugler J. E. Doyle, transferred to No. 1 Field Ambulance, promoted to
-Sergeant, wounded twice and awarded D.C.M.
-
-
-                   NO. 9 CANADIAN STATIONARY HOSPITAL
-
-                   (St. Francis Xavier College Unit).
-
-With characteristic enterprise St. Francis Xavier College decided, as
-the War went on, that it should stand side by side with other
-Universities of Canada in direct representation. In the autumn of 1915
-the President and Governors offered a Medical Unit for Overseas. This
-seemed the most fitting service for a great Christian and humanitarian
-institution, and it was understood that hospitals were in demand.
-
-Dr. H. P. MacPherson, President of the University, took the matter up
-direct with the Government of Canada, and in April, 1916, authority was
-given for the acceptance of No. 9 Canadian Stationary Hospital from St.
-Francis Xavier.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. R. C. M‘LEOD.]
-
-This announcement was received with great enthusiasm, and it was decided
-not to send the Unit away empty-handed. A subscription list was opened
-and friends of the University were given an opportunity to subscribe to
-a fund to provide for some special equipment and to organize a band. The
-response was most generous, and in a very short time an ample amount of
-money was secured. Besides private subscriptions, liberal donations were
-received from the Red Cross, Daughters of the Empire, Knights of
-Columbus and other societies.
-
-Busy days followed in selecting the personnel and organizing the Unit.
-No recruiting campaign was necessary. The loyal sons of St. Francis and
-daughters of Antigonish, and many others everywhere, were offering their
-services. As the brokers would say: “The stock was over-subscribed.” And
-it was a matter of selection.
-
-The command was given to Lieut.-Col. Roderick C. McLeod, who had already
-enlisted in the C.E.F. and was daily expecting orders to proceed
-Overseas. Colonel McLeod was a graduate of St. Francis Xavier and had
-attained a wide reputation as a successful medical practitioner of North
-Sydney. He was a man of a most genial personality and beloved by all who
-knew him. His appointment to the command of this Unit was hailed with
-universal satisfaction.
-
-Colonel McLeod was assisted in the work of organization by Major H. E.
-Kendall as second in command, an outstanding surgeon of Cape Breton; and
-Major J. S. Carruthers, an energetic Militia officer, was appointed
-adjutant.
-
-The enthusiasm among nurses for service in this Unit was remarkable.
-Applications poured in from every Province in Canada and from many parts
-of the United States, by mail and telegraph. Miss S. C. MacIsaac, a
-graduate of Mt. St. Bernard Convent, of Antigonish, was chosen as
-Matron. Miss MacIsaac was trained as a nurse at St. Joseph’s Hospital,
-Glace Bay, in which institution she had charge of the operating room for
-three years. She had taken a post-graduate course at Mercy Hospital,
-Chicago, and when war broke out she was Assistant Matron at Mt. Zion
-Hospital, San Francisco. Miss MacIsaac therefore came to her new,
-important and strenuous post well qualified.
-
-The organization of the Unit was completed at the University Town of
-Antigonish, the seat of the mother College, St. Francis Xavier. The
-college authorities and citizens of Antigonish vied with each other in
-extending an enthusiastic reception to the volunteers as they came, and
-everything was done to make their stay pleasant.
-
-Orders were issued from headquarters for the Unit to mobilize at Halifax
-in the spring of 1916. The officers took the C.A.M.C. Training Course at
-Cogswell Street Military Hospital, and the nursing sisters were also
-posted there, and faithful work was done in a general course of
-preliminary training.
-
-The original personnel was as follows:
-
-Lieut.-Col. Roderick C. MacLeod, Commanding Officer; Major Henry E.
-Kendall, Second in Command; Major J. Stewart Carruthers, Adjutant.
-
-Medical Officers: Capts. Alex. R. Campbell, J. F. Ellis, T. A.
-Lebbetter, A. H. MacKinnon, J. I. O’Connell, L. D. Densmore, Hon. Capt.
-J. L. Johnson, Capts. R. MacCuish, J. A. McCourt, L. J. Violette, Hon.
-Lieut. Leo F. Fry.
-
-Nursing Sisters: Emma Ella Barry, Laura Emily Campbell, Sarah Catherine
-Chisholm, Monica Connell, Isabel Helen Dawson, Helena Margaret Ellis,
-Florence Mary Kelly, Nellie King, Annie MacDonald, Annie Helen
-MacDonald, Catharine Chisholm MacDonald, Catharine Eileen MacDonald,
-Catharine Tulloch MacDonald, Jessie MacDonald, Minnie Frances MacDonald,
-Flora MacDougall, Mary MacGrath, Sadie Catharine MacIsaac (Matron),
-Christena Mary MacKenzie, Dora MacKenzie, Annie Tremaine MacLeod,
-Marcella Agnes O’Brien, Catharine Regina Shea, Edith Alexander Thompson,
-Mary S. Walsh, Anna Teresa Young.
-
-The Unit was not long in receiving orders to proceed Overseas, and on
-June 19, 1916, set sail per _S.S. Missinabie_. After ten days’ sail on
-typical summer seas a landing was made at Liverpool. Here the jolly
-family group was divided and the officers and men were sent to
-Shorncliffe and attached for instruction and duty to Shorncliffe
-Military Hospital, while the matron and nursing sisters entrained for
-London, where they were detailed, by the Matron-in-Chief, for duty to
-various hospitals in England.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. K. A. M‘CUISH.]
-
-This was a sort of a period of orphanage; but in exactly three months,
-September 29, 1916, the Unit was again reassembled for the purpose of
-taking over the Bramshott Military Hospital, No. 12 Canadian General
-Hospital, which served the large military training camps of Bramshott
-and Witley. This was a splendid experience and training for the entire
-personnel. A great deal of excellent work was done. The Medical Division
-was taken charge of by Major Charles Hunter, of Winnipeg, and Major H.
-E. Kendall was in charge of the Surgical Division, assisted by Capt. K.
-A. McCuish.
-
-While acting as the Medical Officer of the 5th C.M.R.’s Captain McCuish
-received wounds at Passchendaele, from which he died. He was buried in
-the Military Cemetery at Remi Siding, near Poperinghe, Belgium, in a
-hero’s grave, and now “sleeps where poppies grow in Flanders fields.”
-
-The winter of 1917 taxed the capacity of the hospital to the utmost, as
-well as the endurance of the Staff, owing to a very severe outbreak of
-influenza in the Bramshott area. The splendid manner in which the Unit
-rose to the great demands made upon it and coped with the serious
-condition that arose, called for special commendation from Major-General
-Foster, Director-General of the Canadian Medical Services.
-
-Here the first great sorrow came to the Unit in the illness and death of
-their beloved Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel MacLeod. He contracted
-anthrax poisoning, from which he died January 4, 1917. With military
-honors and amidst a large concourse of sorrowing comrades he was laid to
-rest in the cemetery at Bramshott.
-
-Command of the Unit was taken by Major H. E. Kendall, who was promoted
-to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. Lieut.-Colonel Gilmore of Toronto took
-charge of the surgical section.
-
-The spring of 1917 was a very hard period, as was also the fall of 1917.
-The damp and chilly English climate was very trying to new Canadian
-troops, and there was a large amount of sickness. A good many battle
-casualties were also received from France.
-
-A call came from France for more Canadian hospitals, and No. 9 Canadian
-Stationary Hospital was selected. The Unit was ordered to proceed to
-France, and sailed from Folkestone in December, 1917, landing at
-Boulogne the same day with the following officers: Lieut.-Col. H. E.
-Kendall, Officer Commanding; Major Charles Hunter, Major Adair,
-Quartermaster; Capt. J. Williams, Pathologist; Capt. H. L. Reazin, Capt.
-J. W. Lord, Capt. Andrew Love, Capt. W. F. MacIsaac, Capt. A. F.
-Slayter, Capt. D. A. Webb, Capt. J. Wilfred, Hon. Capt. J. O. Ralston,
-Chaplain; Hon. Capt. P. White, Chaplain.
-
-Major Adair was subsequently Quartermaster at No. 3 Canadian General
-Hospital at Boulogne, where he died suddenly of uræmia following
-influenza in the spring of 1919.
-
-On arrival in Boulogne the Unit received orders to proceed to
-Longuenesse, near St. Omer, and open a hospital of four hundred beds.
-Here everything was found to be in readiness. There were hutted wards of
-corrugated iron, wooden administration buildings complete in every
-detail and ready for occupation. There was an excellent, well-lighted,
-well-ventilated and thoroughly-equipped operating room. The quarters
-provided for officers, nursing sisters and men were all that could be
-desired.
-
-It was only a few days before the Unit was ready to carry on, and early
-in January, 1918, the first convoy was received, consisting of over one
-hundred wounded soldiers from the Front. Excellent and steady work then
-continued.
-
-In February instructions were received from headquarters to enlarge the
-hospital to nine hundred beds. With willing hands and enthusiastic
-workers this was soon completed, and during the month of March a great
-many surgical cases were dealt with. Capt. A. Loos and Capt. A. F.
-Slater were the surgical specialists at this time. On account of the
-large number of surgical cases application was made for assistants.
-Capt. T. MacGregor, a noted Scotch surgeon of Glasgow, was sent for
-temporary duty. The officer in charge of the Medical Division was Capt.
-H. L. Reazin, a successful and well-known practitioner of Toronto.
-
-During the spring of 1918 the St. Francis Hospital Unit carried on under
-precisely the same conditions of harassing shell fire and nightly
-bombing as described in connection with the Dalhousie Medical Unit.
-
-The nursing sisters and hospital Staff displayed great courage all
-through these trying times, remaining at their posts in the operating
-room and hospital wards. No pen can describe the nerve-testing and
-nerve-wracking experience of hearing the swish through the air of those
-terrible and deadly bombs, then the terrific explosions and rocking and
-trembling of the earth which meant destruction and death to many. The
-way those splendid young women carried themselves was magnificent.
-Without a quiver or the slightest hesitation they kept right along with
-their work and soothed and encouraged and ministered to their patients.
-They were the same living contradiction here as elsewhere to all logical
-relations, and the harmony of things. They would jump up on the
-operating table and scream at the suggestion of a mouse or trench rat;
-but would go out into the storm and darkness and fire to give a drink of
-water to a wounded soldier.
-
-The Unit was making preparations to still further expand the bed
-capacity of the hospital when orders were issued for all hospitals in
-the area to evacuate at once. The wounded were sent by ambulance trains
-to the base, the equipment was packed up, and on April 19th the Unit
-moved to Etaples, which is a fishing village about twenty miles from
-Boulogne. It was a large hospital area and there were 25,000 available
-beds.
-
-On the outskirts of the town near the village of Le Faux a site was
-provided for the St. Francis Unit. The nursing sisters were detailed for
-duty to No. 1 Canadian General Hospital and No. 7 Canadian General
-Hospital. The officers and men were under canvas.
-
-The Unit was under instructions to open a tent hospital of 600 beds, and
-the work was progressing rapidly when that terrible air raid came at 10
-o’clock in the evening of May 18th and continued for nearly two hours.
-The casualties were very heavy and every hospital suffered. A number of
-live bombs dropped within the small area occupied by the St. Francis
-Unit. Two men were instantly killed and thirteen wounded. The killed
-were Sergeants MacMillen and Taylor. They were buried in the Military
-Cemetery at Etaples. Seventeen hospital marquees of the Unit were
-destroyed during this raid. It was fortunate that the Unit had not
-commenced receiving patients.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. R. ST. JOHN MACDONALD.]
-
-One of the medical officers, Capt W. F. MacIsaac, of Antigonish, was
-badly wounded, and succumbed to his injuries in No. 1 Canadian General
-Hospital on June 3rd. He was a young man of brilliant attainments,
-exemplary character and a promising young surgeon. He too was buried in
-the Military Cemetery at Etaples. The whole Unit was in attendance at
-the funeral.
-
-Since a large part of the hospital equipment was destroyed it was
-decided to move the Unit to another area. All the railways were
-congested and every other means of transportation taxed to the utmost;
-consequently no means of moving the equipment could be obtained, and it
-remained packed for several months. Most of the officers and men were
-detailed for duty to other hospitals.
-
-Lieut.-Col. H. E. Kendall was recalled for duty to England on August 28,
-1918, and command of the Unit fell to Major R. St. J. MacDonald, who had
-been posted to the Unit a few months previously.
-
-The Unit was instructed to be in readiness to open up a Convalescent
-Hospital for the Canadian Corps. But before this was carried out the
-Germans made an unconditional surrender which they were allowed to call
-an Armistice.
-
-Hopes were now high for an early, in fact, immediate return home, and
-this became the all-absorbing topic of conversation.
-
-Capt. A. Sterling, Capt. S. MacKenzie, Capt. G. Zwicker, Capt. G.
-Phillips and Capt. S. Whitehouse arrived from England on November 20th
-and joined the Unit. Capt. Sterling had gone Overseas as a combatant
-officer with the R.C.R.’s and saw considerable fighting. Owing to the
-scarcity of medical officers in the summer of 1917 he was asked to
-transfer to the Medical Corps, which he did, and was posted to the
-Canadian Special Hospital at Etching Hill, where he remained until
-joining No. 9 Canadian Stationary.
-
-Major S. L. Walker was posted to this Unit on November 25, 1918, and was
-afterwards promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. He had been on active
-service with various Units since the spring of 1915. Colonel Walker was
-an excellent administrative officer and added strength to the Staff as
-second in command.
-
-The Unit received instructions to take over the special hospital at
-Camiers from the Dalhousie Unit, which had received orders to proceed to
-England en route to Canada. This change took place on February 8, 1919,
-and St. Francis Unit took over the hospital with 900 patients.
-
-In a short time the number of patients increased to 1,100 and St.
-Francis Unit had the honor of being raised to the status of a General
-Hospital. This gave an opportunity for some well-merited promotions
-among the officers, non-commissioned officers and men.
-
-At this time the Staff was as follows:
-
-        Col. R. St. John MacDonald Officer Commanding.
-        Lieut.-Col. S. L. Walker   Second in Command.
-        Major H. G. Murray         In charge Medical Division.
-        Major A. Sterling          In charge Surgical Division.
-        Major R. F. Slater         Registrar and Paymaster.
-        Major J. R. MacRae
-        Major G. S. Gordon
-        Major S. Sprague
-        Hon. Capt. H. E. Law       Quartermaster.
-        Hon. Capt. A. E. Hagar     Chaplain.
-        Capt. S. P. H. Morlatt     Dental Officer.
-        Capt. F. Hinds             Dental Officer.
-        Capt. J. F. Elkerton
-        Capt. J. D. MacDonald
-        Capt. W. M. MacDonald
-        Capt. A. R. Campbell
-        Capt. G. Phillips
-        Capt. S. Whitehouse
-        Capt. G. Zwicker
-
-The stay at Camiers was made more pleasant for the personnel and
-patients by the attention paid to recreation and amusements. A baseball
-league was formed for the area and many good games were played, in which
-there was a great deal of enthusiastic interest. There was also much
-interest taken in tennis and quoits. A moving-picture theatre was
-constructed and equipped by the Canadian Y.M.C.A., under Capt. A. E.
-Hagar, which was an unfailing source of pleasure to the patients and
-personnel. The Y.M.C.A. also established a canteen and furnished a
-reading room. The Red Cross too, through its representative, Major F.
-Murphy, contributed very largely to the success of the Unit by providing
-comforts for the patients and a large amount of sporting equipment.
-
-A thrill of pleasant anticipation ran through the Unit when on May 20th
-orders were received that the patients were to be evacuated at once with
-a view to demobilization and return to Canada. As soon as the patients
-were evacuated no time was lost in turning the hospital equipment and
-supplies in to Ordnance Stores. This was completed on May 28th and on
-May 30th the Unit moved to Boulogne, crossed to Folkestone the same
-afternoon and arrived at Witley Camp, Surrey, the next day.
-
-After a very pleasant month in England, occupied mostly with
-leave-taking and renewing old acquaintances, the Unit proceeded to
-Southampton and embarked on the _S.S. Olympic_ for Halifax on July 2nd,
-together with No. 7 Canadian General Hospital (Queens) and No. 4
-Canadian General Hospital (Toronto).
-
-On July 8th at 6 p.m., after a voyage of only six days, these happy
-home-comers were docked at Halifax. The Unit was met by representatives
-of St. Francis Xavier College, whose name it had the honor of bearing,
-led by Dr. J. J. Tompkins. Dr. Tompkins invited the officers,
-non-commissioned officers and men to a reception as well as farewell
-banquet at the “Green Lantern.” Other guests present were Governor
-Grant, Hon. R. E. Faulkner, Hon. Senator Crosby, Col. John Stewart,
-Lieut.-Col. E. V. Hogan and John Neville. After an excellent supper the
-Unit was welcomed home in a very happy manner by Dr. Tompkins, Governor
-Grant and others. Col. R. St. J. MacDonald and Lieut.-Col. S. L. Walker
-replied on behalf of the Unit.
-
-The following morning, July 9th, the Unit was demobilized after over
-three years’ service Overseas.
-
-The entire personnel had changed since leaving Halifax for Overseas, and
-on demobilization was as follows:
-
-                   Col. R. St. J. MacDonald.
-                   Lieut.-Col. S. L. Walker.
-                   Major A. Sterling.
-                   Major H. G. Murray.
-                   Major G. S. Gordon.
-                   Major A. F. Slater.
-                   Hon. Capt. A. E. Hagar, Chaplain.
-                   Hon. Capt. F. Kelley, Chaplain.
-                   Capt. A. H. Haugh.
-                   Capt. J. D. MacDonald.
-                   Capt. W. M. MacDonald.
-                   Capt. G. Zwicker.
-                   Capt. G. Phillips.
-                   Capt. S. Whitehouse.
-                   Capt. W. H. P. Lavell.
-                   Capt. W. B. Surleton.
-                   Capt. M. MacKay.
-                   Capt. J. MacBeth.
-                   Capt. S. P. H. Morlatt.
-
-Following is a list of honors received by original members of No. 9
-Canadian Stationary Hospital, as far as can be ascertained at the moment
-of writing:
-
- Lieut.-Col. R. St. John MacDonald Mentioned in dispatches.
- Capt. A. R. Campbell              M.C.
- Capt. L. D. Densmore              M.C.
- Matron S. C. MacIsaac             Mentioned for valuable services,
-                                     20–10–17; R.R.C., 2nd class,
-                                     1–1–19; R.R.C., 1st class, 31–7–19.
- Nursing Sister F. Kelley          R.R.C., 2nd class.
- Nursing Sister C. E. Chisholm     Mention, 20–12–18; mention, 11–7–19.
- Nursing Sister Annie MacDonald    Mentioned for valuable services,
-                                     20–10–17.
- Nursing Sister C. M. MacKenzie    Mentioned for valuable services,
-                                     20–10–17. Mentioned for valuable
-                                     services, 9–9–19.
- Nursing Sister C. R. Shea         Medaille Militaire des Invalides.
-
-
-                    MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL SERVICES.
-
-Less than half the Nova Scotia medical men who went Overseas served with
-the Nova Scotia Medical Units. This narrative would therefore be very
-incomplete without reference to the major portion.
-
-Many of these had distinguished service with the Royal Army Medical
-Corps (R.A.M.C.) and with other Canadian and Imperial Hospitals, as well
-as with the fighting Units as Regimental Medical Officers and other
-general and special duties.
-
-Be it said to the honor of Nova Scotia that the organizing and directing
-genius of the Canadian Army Medical Service was supplied by two Nova
-Scotians, Major-Gen. Guy Carleton Jones, C.M.G., who was born in Nova
-Scotia and practised his profession in Halifax, and Major-Gen. G. L.
-Foster, C.B., who was born in Nova Scotia and also practised his
-profession in Halifax.
-
-General Jones went Overseas with the First Canadian Contingent as
-A.D.M.S. and shortly after arrival in England was made Director of
-Medical Services, Canadian Expeditionary Force, with headquarters in
-London, which he organized and administered with great ability until he
-was made Medical Inspector, Canadian Expeditionary Force, in 1917. Later
-he became D.M.S. in charge of hospitals in Canada.
-
-General Foster succeeded General Jones as D.M.S. Canadian Expeditionary
-Force and later was made D.G.M.S., O.M.F.C., and successfully carried on
-the duties of that high and difficult office until the end of the War
-and the demobilization of the Canadian Army.
-
-Another outstanding Nova Scotia Medical Officer was Lieut.-Col. H. M.
-Jacques. When the First Contingent left, Colonel Jacques became Acting
-D.G.M.S., Ottawa. He was A.D.M.S. 2nd Canadian Division in France; he
-was three times mentioned for distinguished service in Sir Douglas
-Haig’s dispatches and was promoted to the full rank of Colonel and
-awarded the D.S.O. and Bar for distinguished and gallant service in
-action.
-
-The nursing service has also brought great credit to Nova Scotia, and it
-is a further honor to the Province that the Canadian Army Nursing
-Service was under the direction of a Nova Scotian. The Matron-in-Chief
-was Miss Margaret C. MacDonald, of Bailey Brook. She was mentioned for
-distinguished services and awarded the R.R.C. She had seen active
-service in the Spanish-American War and was selected to accompany the
-Second Canadian Contingent to South Africa.
-
-The following is a synopsis of the Military Services of Nova Scotia
-medical men not previously mentioned, as far as can be obtained. It has
-been impossible to get a complete authentic record, and although every
-medical man on the Medical Register for the Province, who was known to
-have been in the military service, was written to personally for
-information, only thirty replies were received to 150 letters. The list
-is therefore liable to some errors and omissions.
-
-
-                   MILITARY MEDICAL SERVICE OVERSEAS.
-
-ARCHIBALD, MAJOR THOMAS DICKSON—Went to England as a combatant officer
-with the 8th Canadian Mounted Rifles in 1916. On this being broken up, a
-Canadian Cavalry Field Ambulance was formed, which Captain Archibald
-joined as a Medical Officer. He was in the Somme fighting, was two years
-in France, and was promoted to the rank of Major.
-
-ATLEE, MAJOR H. BENGE.—Enlisted in R.A.M.C. in London, England,
-November, 1914. Appointed Medical Officer, Royal Munster Fusiliers.
-Served in Gallipoli, the Suvla Bay expedition, No. 19 British Hospital,
-Alexandra, Egypt, the 69th Ambulance, Salonika. Was awarded the M.C. and
-promoted to the rank of Major.
-
-BAULD, LIEUT.-COLONEL W. A. G., D.S.O.—Enlisted 1914. Demobilized June,
-1919. Served in England, France and Salonika. Twice mentioned in
-despatches. Awarded D.S.O.
-
-BARRACLOUGH, CAPT. WILLIAM—Enlisted C.A.M.C. 20–12–16. Demobilized
-12–12–19. Served in Canada 20–12–16 to 23–3–17, England 27–3–17 to
-15–6–18, France 15–6–18 to 19–5–19. Was Neurological Specialist in Camp
-Hill Hospital, Halifax, 27–5–19 to 12–12–19.
-
-BARSS, CAPT. G. A.—Enlisted Captain R.A.M.C. in England 29–8–15. Posted
-to Durham Light Infantry, with which he went to France in January, 1916.
-Served also with Scots Guards. Mentioned twice in dispatches for
-services in the Somme, 1916, and Cambrai, 1917. Demobilized 29–8–18.
-
-BLACKADAR, CAPT. K. K.—Enlisted 5–1–17. Demobilized 21–7–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-BLACKETT, CAPT. ARTHUR E.—Enlisted Capt. C.A.M.C. 9–8–15. Demobilized
-23–6–19. Served in Canada 9–8–15 to 18–6–16, England 18–6–16 to 4–5–17
-and 2–9–18 to 18–1–19, France 4–5–17 to 2–9–18.
-
-BORDEN, CAPT. R. F.—Enlisted 1–7–16. Demobilized 27–4–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-BURGESS, CAPT. HARRY C.—Served Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-BURNS, CAPT. ARTHUR S.—Enlisted 19–2–16. Demobilized 23–12–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-CAMPBELL, CAPT. DONALD ST. C.—Captain C.A.M.C. Enlisted 23–12–16.
-Demobilized 29–12–19. Served in Canada, England and France.
-
-CAMPBELL, CAPT. JOHN G. D.—Enlisted 26–12–16. Demobilized 29–11–19.
-Served in Canada, England and France.
-
-CARRUTHERS, LIEUT.-COL. J. S.—Enlisted 30–6–15. Returned 26–1–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-CHISHOLM, CAPT. JAMES STANLEY—Enlisted 8–5–15. Demobilized 30–9–19.
-Served in Canada, England and France.
-
-CHURCHILL, CAPT. L. P.—Enlisted 15–2–16. Demobilized 11–3–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France. M.O. 219th Battalion. Served in France with
-5th Field Ambulance, 3rd British General Hospital, 47th British General
-Hospital, 7th Canadian General Hospital, 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles and
-R.C.R. Awarded M.C. for gallant services at Battle of Arras.
-
-COCHRANE, CAPT. WILFRED N.—Enlisted 13–11–16. Demobilized 1–1–19. Served
-in England and France; in France with No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital
-(Dalhousie Unit), 8th Canadian Field Ambulance and 3rd Division Train.
-
-COCK, MAJOR J. L.—Enlisted 9–3–15. Demobilized 12–1–20. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-COFFIN, CAPT. WILLIAM V.—Overseas Service. No particulars available.
-
-COLLIE, CAPT. JOHN R. M.—Overseas Service in the Navy. No particulars
-available.
-
-COVERT, CAPT. ARCHIBALD N.—Enlisted 7–3–20. Demobilized 12–6–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-CREIGHTON, MAJOR THOMAS MCCULLY.—Was in England when war broke out and
-enlisted in the British Navy July 30, 1914. Was posted to _H.M.S.
-Argonaut_, transferred to Hospital Ship _China_ and went to Salonika.
-Later joined the Army and went to France. On returning to England became
-D.A.D.M.S. Demobilized September, 1919.
-
-CROLL, LIEUT.-COL. ANDREW—Enlisted 1–4–15. Demobilized 4–11–18. Served
-in Canada, England and three years in France.
-
-CURRY, MAJOR WILFRED A.—Enlisted in R.A.M.C. in England. Had three
-years’ service in France as Surgical Specialist to No. 44 C.C.S. and No.
-34 C.C.S. On returning to England was attached to Shepherd’s Bush
-Orthopædic Hospital, London. On demobilization was appointed Orthopædic
-Specialist to Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment for Nova
-Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
-
-DAVIDSON, CAPT. VICTOR DAVID.—Overseas Service. No particulars
-available.
-
-DAY, CAPT. FREDERICK B., M.C.—Enlisted 5–10–15. Demobilized 30–4–19.
-Service in Canada, England and France. In France served with No. 7
-Canadian Stationary Hospital, 13th Field Ambulance. In trenches as M.O.
-54th Canadian Infantry Battalion until wounded twice by shrapnel.
-Awarded M.C. for gallant services in action.
-
-DOBSON, CAPT. WM. L.—Enlisted 16–9–17. Demobilized 25–7–19. Served in
-Canada and England.
-
-DONOVAN, CAPT. OSCAR C.—Enlisted 11–19–15. Demobilized 25–2–20. Served
-in Canada, England and France. Was a Surgical Specialist in France, and
-after returning to England was attached to Shepherd’s Bush Orthopædic
-Hospital, London. Was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French.
-
-DOUGLAS, MAJOR EDGAR, M.C.—Enlisted 17–8–14. Demobilized 29–9–19. Served
-in Canada, England and three years in France. In France served with No.
-7 Canadian Stationary Hospital, No. 1 Canadian C.C.S., No. 11 C.C.S.,
-R.A.M.C., 4th Canadian Field Ambulance, No. 13 Canadian Field Ambulance.
-Was wounded in head and hand at Lens, and wounded in left shoulder at
-Passchendaele. Awarded M.C. for gallant service at Lens.
-
-DOULL, CAPT. JAMES ANGUS, M.C., Croix de Guerre—Served in England and
-France. Particulars not available.
-
-DWYER, CAPT. THOMAS R.—Enlisted 12–5–17. Demobilized 10–11–19. Served in
-Canada and England.
-
-DYAS, CAPT. ALEX. D.—Enlisted 10–8–16. Demobilized 8–10–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France as Ear, Nose and Throat Specialist. Wounded
-by shrapnel at Arras.
-
-EAGAR, MAJOR WILLIAM H.—Service in Canada, England and France as X-ray
-Specialist.
-
-EATON, CAPT. PERRY B.—Enlisted 13–3–17. Demobilized 11–9–19. Served in
-Canada and England.
-
-FREEMAN, CAPT. E. H.—Enlisted 11–5–15. Demobilized 31–1–19. Served in
-England, France, Salonika, Palestine and Egypt.
-
-FREEMAN, CAPT. NELSON P.—Enlisted 1–10–16. Demobilized 15–6–18. Served
-in Canada and England. Invalided home with paralysis, one side.
-
-GASS, CAPT. CHAS. L.—Served Overseas. Particulars not available.
-
-GITTLESON, CAPT. PHILIP M.—Served Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-GODFREY, CAPT. HARRY M.—Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-GODFREY, CAPT. ALEX. T.—Enlisted 22–10–16. Demobilized 4–6–18. Served in
-Canada and England.
-
-GOUTHRO, CAPT. H. P.—Enlisted 26–11–16. Demobilized 12–1–20. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-GOW, MAJOR F. A. R.—Enlisted 14–10–14. Demobilized 15–5–20. Served in
-Canada, England and France. 1914–15 Star.
-
-GRANT, CAPT GERALD W.—Enlisted 7–11–16. Demobilized 15–7–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France. Awarded M.C. for gallantry in action, and
-the 1915 Star.
-
-GREEN, CAPT. FREDERICK WILLIAM—Served Overseas. No particulars
-available.
-
-HAYES, LIEUT.-COL. JOSEPH, D.S.O.—Enlisted 24–9–15. Demobilized 16–5–19.
-Served in Canada, England and France. Served in France with 85th
-Canadian Infantry Battalion, 4th Divisional Train, No. 10 British
-General Hospital, Facture Detention Hospital, S.M.O. Central Group
-C.F.C., O.C. No. 2 Canadian Stationary Hospital. Was twice mentioned in
-dispatches and awarded D.S.O.
-
-HART, CAPT. EDWARD C.—Served Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-HEAL, JAMES G. F.—Served Overseas. Particulars not available.
-
-HEMMEON, MAJOR JAMES A. M.—Enlisted 1–3–16. Demobilized 6–8–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-HENDERSON, CAPT. CHARLES S.—Enlisted 18–4–18. Demobilized 12–1–20.
-Served in Canada 18–4–18 to 7–12–18 and 1–9–19 to 12–1–20, and in
-England 7–12–18 to 21–8–19.
-
-HINES, CAPT. ARTHUR—Enlisted 31–5–16. Demobilized 31–8–19. Served in
-Canada, England and two years in France. Was awarded M.C. for gallantry
-in Battle of Amiens, August 8th, 1918.
-
-JOST, MAJOR ARTHUR C.—Enlisted 6–3–16. Demobilized 1–8–19. Served in
-Canada and England. On demobilization held the temporary rank of
-Lieut.-Colonel.
-
-JOHNSON, CAPT. ARTHUR M.—Highfield House, Bury, England. Served
-Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-JOHNSON, CAPT. JAMES MACGREGOR, Highfield House, Bury, England. Served
-Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-JOHNSON, STEPHEN R.—Served Overseas. Particulars not available.
-
-KEAY, CAPT. THOMAS—Enlisted 24–1–17. Demobilized 11–7–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-KENNEDY, CAPT. GEORGE B.—Enlisted 7–16–15. Demobilized 12–6–19.
-Transferred from C.A.M.C. to R.A.M.C., July, 1915. Served in Canada,
-England, Malta (in St. Andrew’s Hospital), Fort Manuel, France, April,
-1916, with 77th Field Ambulance, No. 16 General Hospital, 5th Field
-Ambulance, 3rd Cavalry Field Ambulance, No. 2 Stationary Hospital, No.
-223 Brigade, R.F.A., No. 7 Stationary Hospital, Boulogne, etc.
-
-KENNEDY, CAPT. WILLIAM F.—Enlisted 18–8–18. Demobilized 1–3–20. Served
-in Canada, England and France in various arms of the Service.
-
-KENNY, CAPT. W. F.—Enlisted 28–6–15. Demobilized 28–2–20. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-LYONS, CAPT, JAMES N.—Served Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-MACAULAY, CAPT. DANIEL A.—Enlisted August, 1918. Demobilized 5–3–19.
-Served in Canada, England and France.
-
-MCAULAY, MAJOR MURDOCK A.—Enlisted August, 1915. Demobilized on
-disbanding of C.E.F., but continued in service of C.A.M.C. as O.C.
-Cogswell Street Military Hospital, Halifax. Also served in England and
-France.
-
-MACKASEY, CAPT. WM, P.—Served 31 months in the R.A.M.C. Was on service
-in England 6–9–15. Demobilized in Canada 4–5–20. Africa 1916. Chief
-Surgeon on Ambulance Ship in the Mediterranean.
-
-MEECH, CAPT. LLOYD R, M.C.—Served Overseas and was awarded the M.C. for
-gallant services. No particulars available.
-
-MILLAR, MAJOR J. ROSS—M.O. German Prisoners of War Camp at Amherst,
-March, 1915. Joined R.A.M.C. July, 1915, and proceeded to England.
-Joined No. 2 British General Hospital, France, in September, 1915.
-Posted to No. 37 C.C.S. in November, 1915. Sent to Italian Front with
-No. 37 C.C.S. in November, 1917. Transferred as Surgical Specialist to
-No. 9 C.C.S., January, 1918. In charge Advanced Operating Centre, Asiago
-Plateau. On returning to England assigned to duty with Shepherd’s Bush
-Orthopædic Hospital, London. On returning to Canada was appointed
-Orthopædic Specialist to D.S.C.R. for Nova Scotia and Prince Edward
-Island, which position he resigned to resume private practice.
-
-MORRIS, LIEUT.-COL. CLARENCE H.—Enlisted August, 1914. Demobilized
-11–11–19. Served in Canada, also England, 5–10–14 to 1–1–15; France
-1–1–15 to 1–8–15; Gallipoli 5–12–15 to 5–2–16; Egypt 5–2–16 to 6–2–17;
-Macedonia 15–4–17 to 17–10–17. Mentioned in Sir Ian Hamilton’s
-dispatches, November, 1915. On return to Canada was O.C. Camp Hill
-Hospital, Halifax, and later D.A.D.M.S., M.D. No. 6.
-
-MORTON, CAPT. LEWIS M.—Enlisted 11–10–15. Demobilized 28–8–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-MUIR, CAPT. WALTER H.—Enlisted 16–11–15. Demobilized 13–12–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France. Joined Staff of No. 7 Canadian General
-Hospital in France at Etaples 7–8–17. Sent to forward areas 28–8–17 for
-duty with No. 5 Canadian Field Ambulance. M.O. 6th Brigade Canadian
-Field Artillery 14–4–18. Was in all the activities of 2nd Division from
-Passchendaele to the Rhine.
-
-MUNRO, CAPT. JOHN A.—Enlisted 15–2–16. Demobilized 31–3–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-MURRAY, CAPT. DAN.—Enlisted 26–2–17. Demobilized 1–8–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-MURRAY, CAPT. DUNCAN.—Enlisted 4–11–16. Demobilized 13–6–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-MCCURDY, CAPT. DEXTER S.—Enlisted 23–12–16. Demobilized, 12–7–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-MACDONALD, LIEUT.-COL. T. HOWARD—Enlisted 1914. Served in England and
-France. He was appointed O.C. of the ill-fated Hospital Ship _Llandovery
-Castle_, on her last voyage, on which he was drowned.
-
-MACDONALD, CAPT. NATHANIEL—Enlisted October, 1915. Demobilized 28–12–18.
-Served in Canada, England and France. Was mentioned in Sir Douglas
-Haig’s dispatches.
-
-MACDONALD, CAPT. JOHN CLYDE—Served Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-MACDONALD, MAJOR P. W. S.—Enlisted early in 1915. Served in Canada,
-England and France. Was on D.M.S. Staff, London. Died of influenza in
-England.
-
-MACDONALD, MAJOR WILLIAM HENRY—Enlisted 25–9–16. Demobilized, 4–6–19.
-Served in England on Surgical Staff, Kitchener Military Hospital. Went
-to France 10–10–17 and joined No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital as
-Second in Command. Surgical Specialist Staff of No. 3 Canadian C.C.S.,
-4–1–18 to 14–8–18. On Surgical Teams No. 19 and No. 38, British C.C.S.,
-and No. 32 British Stationary Hospital. Was in retreat of 5th Army and
-escaped with small surgical outfit.
-
-MACDONALD, CAPT. WILFRED M.—Enlisted February, 1917. Continued in
-C.A.M.C. after dispersal of C.E.F. Served in Canada, England and France.
-
-MACINTOSH, CAPT. ARTHUR E.—Enlisted 30–6–15. Demobilized 15–7–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France. Served in France with No. 7 Canadian
-Stationary Hospital.
-
-MCKAY, CAPT. JOHN ST. C.—Enlisted 25–11–15. Demobilized 13–6–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-MCKAY, CAPT. MURDOCK—Enlisted 4–1–17. Demobilized 12–7–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-MacKENZIE, CAPT. SEYMOUR G.—Enlisted 12–11–17. Demobilized 28–8–19.
-Served in Canada, England and France.
-
-MACKINNON, CAPT. HUGH A.—Enlisted 3–5–16. Demobilized 15–7–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-MCLARREN, CAPT. PHILIP D.—Enlisted 30–5–17. Demobilized 12–1–20. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-MACLEAN, CAPT. E. D.—Enlisted 14–2–18. Demobilized 21–2–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France. Went to England with the Highland Brigade.
-On going to France was attached to No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital.
-
-MCLEOD, CAPT. JOHN KNOX—Enlisted 25–5–17. Demobilized 31–5–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France. On returning to Canada was appointed O.C.
-Ross Moxham Hospital, Sydney.
-
-O’NEIL, MAJOR FREEMAN—Enlisted April, 1914. Demobilized 15–7–19. Served
-in England 18–11–18 to 4–5–19; France 19–6–19 to 30–6–19.
-
-MCRAE, CAPT. DUNCAN R.—Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-MACRITCHIE, CAPT. JOHN JAMES—Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-PARKS, CAPT. JOHN E.—Enlisted 20–7–15. Demobilized 15–6–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-PARKER, CAPT. VERNON H. T.—Enlisted 31–3–17. Demobilized 26–8–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-PATTON, CAPT. WELDON W.—Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-PENNINGTON, CAPT. JOHN W.—Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-POTTER, COL. JACOB L.—Canadian Permanent Army Medical Corps. At outbreak
-of War was A.D.M.S., Military District No. 3. Called to office of
-D.G.M.S., Ottawa. Became acting D.G.M.S. and afterwards Deputy D.G.M.S.
-Went to Siberia with the Canadian Stationary Hospital.
-
-PORTER, CAPT. SYDNEY E.—Enlisted 30–7–17. Demobilized 31–5–19. Served in
-Canada and England.
-
-PATRICK, CAPT. IVAN YOUNG—Enlisted 19–4–18. Demobilized 21–7–19. Served
-in Canada and England.
-
-PEAKE, CAPT. EDGAR P.—Enlisted 3–7–17. Demobilized 31–7–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-PICKUP, CAPT. WILLIAM A.—Enlisted 16–7–14. Demobilized 1–7–17. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-ROBBINS, CAPT. WELTON H.—Enlisted 15–9–17. Demobilized 25–11–9. Served
-in Canada, England and France.
-
-SLAYTER, MAJOR JOHN HOWARD—Enlisted 8–6–16. Demobilized 21–11–19. Served
-in Canada, England and France. Awarded M.B.E.
-
-SPARROW, CAPT. CECIL J.—Enlisted 6–9–15. Demobilized   –7–18. Served in
-Canada, France and the Balkans.
-
-SPONAGLE, LIEUT.-COL. J. A.—Enlisted 20–11–14 as M.O. 25th Infantry
-Battalion, which proceeded Overseas 20–5–15. Was M.O. 1st Canadian
-Divisional Train in France. Went through Battles of Lens and
-Passchendaele with this Unit. In England held numerous important
-appointments—among them: Pensions and Claims Board; O.C. of C.A.M.C.
-Training Depot; Duchess Connaught Canadian Red Cross Hospital; O.C.
-Canadian Hospital, Hillingdon House, Uxbridge. Had twenty-seven years’
-previous experience in the Canadian Militia. Received Colonial Auxiliary
-Forces Officers’ Decoration for long service. Was demobilized February
-16, 1920.
-
-SUTHERLAND, CAPT. COLIN G.—Enlisted 1–6–17. Demobilized 9–6–19. Served
-in Canada and England.
-
-SUTHERLAND, MAJOR ROBERT H.—Enlisted 5–8–14. Demobilized 21–7–19. Served
-in Canada, England, Egypt and Salonika with No. 1 Canadian Stationary
-Hospital.
-
-TRITES, CAPT. CHARLES B.—Enlisted 18–4–16. Demobilized 5–5–19. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-WHITMAN, CAPT. GEO. W.—Overseas service. No particulars available.
-
-WILSON, CAPT. ARTHUR A. C.—Served in Canada and England.
-
-WISWELL, CAPT. GORDON B.—Enlisted October, 1915. Demobilized 6–2–19.
-Served in Canada, England and France. Was awarded M.C. for gallant
-service in action and was mentioned in dispatches.
-
-WYLDE, CAPT. CHARLES F.—Served Overseas. No particulars available.
-
-ZWICKER, CAPT. W. D.—Enlisted 24–1–17. Demobilized 12–1–20. Served in
-Canada, England and France.
-
-
-                MILITARY MEDICAL SERVICE IN NOVA SCOTIA.
-
-Capts. W. B. Almon, Hugh O. Blauvelt, William J. Barton, Thomas I.
-Byrne, Barry H. Calkin, Allister Calder, Michael J. Carney, Prof. John
-Cameron, George M. Campbell, John L. Churchill, Major James R. Corston,
-Capts. Allan R. Cunningham. John A. Davis, Lieut. David Drury, Capts.
-Charles S. Elliott, Guy S. Goodwin, John W. Gannon, W. H. Hattie, B. A.
-LeBlanc, Roy D. Lindsay, Vernon L. Miller, Major Ernest F. Miller, Capt.
-Angus M. Morton, Major Leander R. Morse, Capt. John A. Murdoch, Major
-Donald McDonald, Capt. Dan. F. McInnis, Lieut. Joseph W. McKay, Capts.
-Donald J. MacKenzie, John M. McLean, Majors Geo. J. McNally, A. G.
-Nichols, Lieut.-Col. Albert A. Schaffner, Capt. W. H. Schwartz, Lieut.
-Sieniewicz, Major Dugald Stewart, Lieut. Clarence W. Thorne, Capt.
-Solomon J. Turel, Major Philip Weatherbe, Major H. B. Webster.
-
-
-                            NURSING SERVICE.
-
-In connection with the Nova Scotia Hospital Units reference has been
-made to only a few Nova Scotia nurses. No account of the humanitarian
-service of the medical organization in the Great War should fail to give
-prominence to the noble work of the nursing sisters. What they have done
-to lighten the weary hours of the wounded, war-sick and homesick soldier
-has been stamped indelibly on hundreds of thousands of hearts throughout
-the world.
-
-Every effort has been made to get a complete list of all the Nova Scotia
-nurses who served in the Great War and where they served. The nearest
-approach to it is an official list of nurses who either enlisted or were
-demobilized in Nova Scotia at the headquarters of No. 6 Military
-District. This has been supplemented by submitting the list, for
-revision, to some thirty active service nurses and also a number of
-Medical Officers. Even now there will undoubtedly be some omissions and
-errors.
-
-
-   MILITARY SERVICE OF NURSES ENLISTED OR DEMOBILIZED IN NOVA SCOTIA.
-
-
-                    _England, France and Salonika._
-
-                     Clarke, Catherine Parker.
-                     Condon, Margaret.
-                     McKenzie, Elizabeth Margaret.
-                     MacIntosh, Mary Catherine.
-                     McKay, Alice Lettie.
-
-
-                        _England and Salonika._
-
-                        Brennan, Emily Lorraine.
-
-
-                     _England, France and Russia._
-
-                       Cotton, Dorothy M., R.R.C.
-
-
-                         _England and France._
-
-             Archard, Sarah Ann, A.R.R.C.
-             Allan, Ann Doctor, R.R.C.
-             Arbuckle, M. B.
-             Benvie, Ada.
-             Black, Amy Isabel.
-             Bayers, Gladys Fuller.
-             Beers, Vivian Gertrude.
-             Cameron, Josephine Christine.
-             Connell, Monica.
-             Cooke, Elizabeth Ann; mentioned in dispatches.
-
-Nova Scotia was as prominent in the Nursing as in the Medical Service,
-and is said to have contributed during the War more Matrons in France
-than any other individual Province in the Dominion. It gave the
-Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces, Miss Margaret C. MacDonald,
-R.R.C., M.M. des I (French Army). Miss MacDonald had previously seen
-active service in the Spanish-American War and the South African War.
-
-The other Nova Scotia nurses who were Matrons in France during the war
-were: Miss Georgina Pope, R.R.C. (Senior Matron in Canada), who went
-with the Canadian Contingent to the South African War as Matron; Miss
-Harriett Graham, R.R.C.; Miss L. M. Hubley, R.R.C.; Miss K. C.
-MacLatchy, R.R.C.; Miss S. C. MacIsaac, R.R.C.; Miss Elizabeth B. Ross,
-R.R.C.; Miss A. C. Strong, R.R.C.
-
- Calder, Jennie Squair, A.R.R.C.
- Cameron, Annie May.
- Campbell, Laura Emily.
- Chisholm, Christena Elizabeth; mentioned in dispatches.
- Chisholm, Sarah Catherine.
- Churchill, Sarah.
- Davidson, Jessie Ann.
- Dawson, Isabel Helen.
- Dempsey, Mary Catharine.
- Doyle, Elizabeth C. (Mrs.)
- Drew, Margaret Currie.
- Duthie, Edna Craig.
- Edgecombe, Lillian Grace.
- Ellis, Helena Margaret.
- Etherington, Ethel B.
- Fitzgerald, Lillian Mary.
- Follette, Minnie (drowned _Llandovery Castle_).
- Fraser, Annie Margaret.
-
- Fraser, Edith Morrow.
- Fraser, Pearl (drowned _Llandovery Castle_).
- Genders, Sarah Elizabeth.
- Gillan, Ina Gertrude.
- Gordon, Eleanor McLaren, A.R.R.C.
- Graham, Harriet M. (Matron), R.R.C.
- Gray, Dorothy Louise, R.R.C.
- Gray, Marguerite Olive.
- Guild, Effie Jean.
- Gunn, Mary Catharine.
- Haliburton, Marion Frances.
- Hazard, Mary Elizabeth.
- Howard, Alice Maud.
- Hubley, Laura May (Matron), R.R.C.
- Irwin, Eliza Blanche.
- Johnstone, Alice May; mentioned in dispatches.
- Johnstone, Margaret A., R.R.C.
- Kelly, F. M., R.R.C.
- Kendall, Helen Mary.
- King, Hazel Mary.
- Lamplaugh, Mary Edith, R.R.C.
- Landells, Margaret Jane.
- Lynch, Mary Theresa; Belgian decoration.
- MacAulay, Lorinda.
- MacDonald, Annie; mentioned in dispatches.
- MacDonald, Annie Belle; French decoration.
- MacDonald, Annie Helen.
- MacDonald, Catherine Chisholm.
- MacDonald, Catherine Tulloch.
- MacDonald, Helen Catherine.
- MacDonald, Hilda Havergill.
- MacDonald, Janet MacGregor, R.R.C.
- MacDonald, Jessie Belle.
- MacDonald, Jessie Helen.
- MacDonald, Louise, A.R.R.C.
- MacDonald, Margaret, A.R.R.C.
- MacDonald, Margaret Clothilda (Pr. Matron, C.E.F.), R.R.C. (Florence
-    Nightingale decoration).
- MacDonald, Mary Margaret.
- MacDonald, Mary Simpson.
- MacDonald, Minnie Frances.
- MacDougall. Annie Claire.
- McCuish, Elizabeth Margaret.
- McDonald, Catharine Eileen.
- McDonald, Nellie Elizabeth.
- McDougald, Flora.
- McDougald, Margaret; French decoration.
- McGrath, Mary.
- McInnis, Florence Louise.
- McIsaac, Sarah Catherine (Matron), R.R.C.
- McKay, Helen Barbara, A.R.R.C.
- McKeel, Theadora, R.R.C.
- McKenzie, Charlotte.
- McKenzie, Christina Mary.
- McKenzie, Dora.
- McKenzie, Margaret Eliza.
- McKenzie, Minnie Hannah.
- McKinnon, Euphemia.
- McLatchey, Katherine O. (Matron), R.R.C.
- McLean, Catherine.
- McLean, Elizabeth Isobel.
- McLean, Marguerite.
- McLean, Mary Rachael.
- McLeod, Annie Tremaine.
- McLeod, Winifred G.
- McLeod, Isabella Gordon.
- McLeod, Margaret Christena.
- McNeill, Mary Belle.
- Moreshead, Eleanor Gorrill.
- Mosher, Eva Maud.
- Mulcahy, Grace.
- Mutch, Florence Sarah.
- Myers, Olga.
- Nicholson, Elsie Sarah.
- O’Brien, Marcella Agnes.
- Paget, Catherine White.
- Paton, Florence May.
- Patton, Mary Steele.
- Pidgeon, L., R.R.C.; mentioned in dispatches.
- Pope, Georgina, (Matron), R.R.C.
- Rice, Frances Augusta. A.R.R.C.
- Richardson, Edith Louise.
- Rose, Lenora E.
- Ross, Elizabeth Belle (Matron), R.R.C.
- Schurman, Winifred Dobson; French decoration.
- Shannahan, Mary Catherine.
- Shea, C. R.
- Smith, Sarah Catharine.
- Stevens, Louise Myrtle.
- Strong, A. C. (Matron), R.R.C.
- Stuart, Evelyn Mary.
- Tait, Mary.
- Thomas, Lalia E.
- Thompson, Wilhelmine Irene.
- Thompson, Edith Alexandra.
- Urquhart, Lottie.
- Veits, Caroline Winifred.
- Walsh, M. S.
- Walters, Emma Jane.
-
- Watson, Mabel Margaret.
- Watson, Maud.
- Waugh, Belle.
- Waughan, Belle.
- White, Catherine M.
- White, Helen St. Clair.
- White, Katherine Elizabeth.
- Williams, Maysie Ellen.
- Young, Anna Teresa.
- Young, Rose Olga.
-
-
-         _England._
-
- Anderson, Minerva Blanche.
- Bain, Margaret Winnifred.
- Barnes, Ellen Caroline.
- Bentley, Olla May.
- Clarke, Edith Esther.
- Campbell, Annie May.
- Campbell, D.
- Coates, Dora Evelyn.
- Cameron, Elizabeth Vena.
- Cameron, Mary Lillian.
- Cameron, Sarah Belle.
- Colter, Bessie Long.
- Connors, Florence Marguerite.
- Cray, Bertha Geraldine.
- Currie, Alice Margaret.
- Desmond, Mary.
- Davies, Margaret Emily.
- DeWolfe, Annie Clark.
- Dunlop, Laura Alice.
- Ellis, Marion Dean.
- Fife, Lillian Jessie.
- Fraser, Lavinia Flora.
- Fraser, Flora Mathilda.
- Harrison, Eunice Knapp.
- Hallisey, Catherine Martina.
- Hillcoat, Anna Rebecca.
- Hubley, Jennie Mable.
- Hartling, Mabel.
- Howard, Mary Munroe.
- Jennex, Lenna (died).
- Layton, Adrianna R.
- LeDrew, Annie May.
- Mack, Beatrice Helena.
- Mombourquette, Katherine.
- Morrison, Daisy Dean.
- Mutch, Helen Frances.
- Murray, Ann Elizabeth.
- Murray, Emma Blanche.
- McCarthy, May Charlotte.
- McCuish, Harriet Mary.
- MacDonald, Jessie.
- MacDonald, Georgina Emily.
- MacDonald, Margaret Catherine.
- McInnes, Dorothy Jean.
- MacIntosh, Margaret Isabel.
- McLeod, Sadie Isabel.
- McLean, Sadie Ethel.
- McNeill, Margaret Blanche.
- Morrison, Myrtilla Grey.
- Morrison, Jean Augusta.
- Payne, Sarah.
- Smith, Mabel Eliza.
- Sedgewick, F. M.
- Skerry, Annie Adelaide.
- Stewart, Margaret Wood.
- Stevens, Annie Jane.
- Thompson, Ethel Elaine.
- Torr, Alice.
- Tout, Dora Olivia.
- Urquhart, Lottie.
-
-
-         _Canada._
-
- Anderson, Roberta.
- Andrews, Edith.
- Barnaby, Agnes Gertrude.
- Bearisto, Mary Kier.
- Bissett, Barbara Beatrice.
- Boland, Florence.
- Bauld, Muriel.
- Burton, Mary Elizabeth.
- Campbell, Jean Marion.
- Cook, Gertrude Pauline.
- Coolen, Anasthasia Muriel.
- Coolen, Mary Ellen.
- Davies, Edith Maria.
- Doull, Jessie Cameron.
- Dunbar, Lillian Campbell.
- Farry, Lucy.
- Fitzgerald, Edith Maria.
- Fraser, Florence Amelia.
- Fraser, Frances Margaret.
- Gates, Sarah Gladys.
- Gilchrist, Marion L.
- Gillis, Christine Anna.
- Graves, Laura May.
- Haverstock, Laura Grace.
- Hayden, Mary Josephine.
- Holloway, Eva.
- Hunt, Minnie Hannah.
- Hunt, Myrtle C. (died).
- Keith, Gertrude.
- Kennedy, Margaret.
- LaPierre, Mary Ann.
- Larking, Nora Evelyn.
-
- Jarvis, Jessie (died).
- LeJeune, Mary.
- Lester, Olla Dell.
- Logan, Caroline.
- Manning, Myra Ayer.
- Mills, Ethel Rosamund.
- Morrison, Anna May.
- McCrea, Theresa Ann.
- MacDonald, Evangeline.
- MacDonald, Harriet Helen.
- MacDonnell, Mary Elizabeth.
- McInnis, Ellephallie Carrie.
- McKenzie, Helen Gertrude.
- McKinnon, Ruth.
- McLean, Josephine.
- McManus, Laura.
- McManus, Lila Theresa.
- McNeill, Mary Eleanor.
- O’Callaghan, Mary.
- O’Leary, Catherine.
- Prest, Violet Ella.
- Ross, Vivian Russell.
- Schaffner, Marion Parker.
- Schaffner, Muriel Campbell.
- Steeves, Ina Maud.
- Sullivan, Mary Margaret.
- Sutherland, Roberta.
- Talbot, Frances Elizabeth.
- Trivett, Jean Dorothy.
- Urquhart, Susan Hope.
- Whidden, Mary.
- Young, Josephine M.
-
-
-         _Military Service—No Particulars Available._
-
- Benjamin, Vera Louise.
- Christie, Freda Hope.
- Fraser, Elda Jean.
- Fvfe, Hannah G.
- Harrison, Jena Augusta.
- Hill, Eliza Victoria.
- Jones, Helen.
- Kelley, Margaret Neill.
- Mosher, Lydia T.
- MacDonald, Anna Bula.
- McKenzie, Jean Annie.
- McLeod, Marion.
- Perry, H. H.
- Purcell, Mary Louise.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXVII.
-                   _THE CANADIAN ARMY DENTAL CORPS._
-
-
-That Dental Services are a necessity in the army is one of the many
-lessons taught us by the War and it has been amply proved that the
-Canadian Army Dental Corps was responsible for placing at least 10 per
-cent of the Canadian and British troops at the Front who, but for the
-excellent dental services provided, would not have been there.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. B. L. NEILLY.]
-
-Members of the dental profession in Nova Scotia were among the first to
-offer their services, and in August, 1914, three of them, Drs. B. L.
-Neilly, F. W. Bruce Kelly and H. L. Mitchener, were on duty at
-Valcartier Camp. Drs. Neilly and Kelly proceeded Overseas and were the
-first dental surgeons at the Front. So far as can be learned these were
-the only dental surgeons with the Canadian troops at that date, Captain
-Bentley of Ontario reporting early in September.
-
-For eight years previous to the War a Committee of the Canadian Dental
-Association on “Dental Services in the Army” repeatedly approached the
-Federal Government with regard to a definite Army Dental Association to
-be administered by the Medical Services or otherwise, but were finally
-informed that the organization then existing, which consisted of
-twenty-six Dental Officers attached to the Army Medical Corps as
-Honorary Captains and Lieutenants, was quite satisfactory.
-
-On the outbreak of the War members of the profession throughout Canada,
-realizing the necessity of dental services for recruits, voluntarily
-provided dental treatment for thousands of men who, otherwise, could not
-have been accepted.
-
-The attention of the Minister of Militia, Sir Sam Hughes, was directed
-to the importance and value of this work by Generals Fotheringham,
-Lessard, Loggie and others as well as by a sub-committee of civilian
-dentists from Toronto, who proceeded to Ottawa early in 1915 under the
-direction of Dr. George Kerr Thomson of Halifax, Chairman of the
-Canadian Dental Association’s Committee on “Dental Services in the
-Army,” with the result that the Minister immediately issued orders for a
-Dental organization, similar to that of the Medical, but entirely
-separate.
-
-To this action by the Minister is due the fact that Canada was the first
-country in the world to organize an Army Dental Corps separate and
-distinct from other military organizations. Dr. Thomson was first
-recommended by the Toronto Committee and the dental profession for
-Director of Dental Services, but Dr. Armstrong of Ottawa received the
-appointment, and in June, 1915, proceeded Overseas with thirty-five
-officers, thirty-five N.C.O.’s and thirty-five privates. This
-organization was increased from time to time until there were over one
-thousand Dental Officers and other ranks on duty Overseas.
-
-It was realized that while it was necessary to provide dental services
-for men Overseas, it was even more important that they be made dentally
-fit before sailing; and in October, 1915, the Home Service organization
-was authorized with a Director at Ottawa and an Assistant Director in
-each Military District together with a strength of one officer, N.C.O.
-and private for each 1,000 men. This necessitated an organization of at
-least sixty of all ranks in Military District No. 6, which at that time
-included New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia.
-
-Members of the dental profession in the three provinces responded
-notably to the call of duty, and, while it does not come within the
-scope of this history to mention the services of men in other provinces,
-it is desirable to put on record great appreciation of the excellent
-services rendered by members of the dental profession in New Brunswick
-and Prince Edward Island who were on duty in Military District No. 6.
-One of the most prominent practitioners in St. John, N.B., Dr. James M.
-Magee, ex-President of the Canadian Dental Association and Dominion
-Dental Council and a member of the Nova Scotia Dental Association, who,
-before the War, was attached as Honorary Captain to the Army Medical
-Corps, was one of the first to join the Home Service organization in
-Military District No. 6.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  OFFICERS OF THE C.A.D.C., M.D. 6.]
-
-Major Thomson was appointed A.D.D.S., Military District No. 6, on
-November 1st, 1915. During his absence at Valcartier Camp in the summer
-of 1916, Captain Magee acted as A.D.D.S. in Military District No. 6 and
-later was appointed A.D.D.S. of Military District No. 7 when New
-Brunswick became a separate Military District.
-
-The C.A.D.C. in Military District No. 6 was administered on a most
-economical and business-like basis, and at the Camp Hill Army Dental
-Surgery, one of the finest and best equipped in the world, many
-thousands of men were made dentally fit, not only before going Overseas,
-but also on their return to Canada, when a great many of them needed
-extensive restorative dental appliances.
-
-For several weeks after the great explosion, which occurred on December
-6, 1917, the Staff of the Camp Hill Dental Surgery rendered services and
-co-operated with the medical officers, part of the dental surgery being
-used as an operating room for the eye specialists. Some of the dental
-officers on duty were severely but not seriously injured, and during the
-first thirty-six hours after the explosion rendered valuable first aid
-to the injured, with whom Camp Hill was overcrowded.
-
-In 1916, at Aldershot Camp, two appendicitis operations were
-successfully performed in the Camp Dental Surgery, which was completed
-long before the Camp Hospital. These cases would probably have proved
-fatal had it not been for the foresight of the dental Staff in
-expediting the construction of this dental surgery.
-
-Through the efforts of Dean Frank Woodbury arrangements were carried out
-by the Dental Faculty of Dalhousie University for rendering dental
-services to the men of the navy before the work was performed by the
-Dental Corps.
-
-The following is a list of dental officers who served Overseas and at
-home:
-
-CANADA.—Major G. K. Thomson, Major H. E. Mann, Capts. H. L. Mitchener,
-H. G. Dunbar, W. W. Woodbury, G. Tingley, J. M. Magee, A. G. Wicks, J.
-E. Sewell, J. B. Brown, J. E. Blanchard, F. C. Bonnell, I. K. Farrar, F.
-A. Godsoe, F. E. Burden, W. H. Steeves, L. O’Leary (Q.M.), J. E. Jewett,
-A. Gasson, R. I. Robertson, F. W. Johnson, H. S. Allen, G. R. Smith, F.
-T. Bowness, Y. E. Gaudet, McIntyre, F. G. Mann, F. W. Barbour, R. I.
-Irving, Lieuts. A. J. Cormier, H. Adamson, Guy Stultz, L. M. Finigan, A.
-K. Wade, A. J. Couglin, F. W. LeFugery, A. B. Crowe, H. C. McIntosh,
-Regtl. Sergt.-Majors, F. E. Fahie, I. K. Jackson, F. B. Miller,
-Quartermaster Sergts. J. M. Blanchard, Laurie Blanchard, L. H. Jenkins,
-G. Sommers, Staff Sergts. A. H, Churchill, J. H. McLaughlin, E. S.
-Dexter, Sergts. A. W. Allen, L. M. Withrow, C. W. Burgoyne, Staff
-Sergts. E. E. Hatfield, Neil Flannery, F. H. Phinney, Sergts. J. L.
-Sears, R. H. Wilby, Cox, C. R. McLellan, R. C. Wall, J. St. C. Smith, C.
-E. Cantelope, T. Ranford, W. Hazelwood, Percy Rennels, W. R. Gunn,
-Quartermaster Sergt. L. McGuire, Company Quartermaster Sergt. W. H. D.
-Bence.
-
-OVERSEAS.—Lieut.-Col. B. L. Neilly, Major F. W. B. Kelly, Major C. E.
-McLaughlin, Capts. R. J. McMeekin, Karl Woodbury, C. D. Desbrisay, S. S.
-Harvie, E. A. Randall, H. Clay, E. S. Millett, H. O. Harding, Arthur
-Viets, T. E. Robins, R. W. Frank, W. R. Fraser, Karl Damon, Otto Nase,
-J. P. Gallagher, J. McDonald, McNeil, W. R. Wilkes, R. C. Crosby, E. A.
-Randall, K. C. Dobson, H. C. McDonald, Staff Sergts. J. E. Fraser, C.
-Garrett, R. B. Horton, Sergts. S. W. Hatfield, C. A. S. Carlow, H. O.
-Lord, F. A. McGarrigle, G. Lowine, Phillips, G. A. Barter, W. Dyer,
-Raymond King, W. Joy, J. McLean, McGibbon, J. L. Rogers, I. D. S. Ross,
-G. E. McDonald, H. E. Grey, V. D. Crowe, Collier, Jones, Butterworth,
-Doucette, Quartermaster Sergt. Richards.
-
-
-
-
-                            CHAPTER XXVIII.
-                       _CANADIAN ARMY PAY CORPS._
-
-
-Before the outbreak of the War in 1914 the Canadian Army Pay Corps had
-only sufficient Staff to deal with the small permanent force, of which
-it was an integral part. When the Canadian Expeditionary Force was
-organized, and troops mobilized for home defence, the C.A.P.C. was
-called upon to undergo the same strain and expansion demanded of every
-branch of the service. Outside of the army little is known of the
-responsibilities suddenly thrust upon this department. It had to deal
-with all finances, pay, separation allowance, assigned pay, civilian
-employees, tradesmen’s accounts, etc., and, as will be seen by the
-statement at the end of this article, No. 6 Detachment stationed at
-Halifax alone disbursed $53,357,388.08 between August, 1914, and July,
-1920.
-
-In August, 1914, No. 6 Detachment, whose territory at that time
-included New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, as well as Nova
-Scotia, consisted of the following officers and non-commissioned
-officers: Lieut.-Col. S. J. R. Sircom (now retired with rank of
-Brigadier-General), Capt. J. L. Regan, Sergt.-Major J. Turner,
-Quartermaster Sergt. G. H. Saunders, Staff Sergt. G. T. Allum, Staff
-Sergt. C. A. Chew, Staff Sergt. B. A. Spink, Sergt. E. R. Kelly,
-Sergt. A. V. Chase, Sergt. W. A. Coyne, Sergt. F. A. Chew.
-
-This Staff was increased until at one time 14 officers and 120
-non-commissioned officers and men were employed. Some of these served in
-No. 6 Detachment throughout the whole period of the War. Others were
-transferred to various Units, went Overseas, or took their discharge.
-
-Every soldier, from a Tommy to a full-fledged General, will admit that
-as far as organization and administration were concerned the Canadian
-Army Pay Corps was beyond criticism. As soon as a man enlisted he
-received his pay regularly, no matter where he was—in Canada or in
-England, in the Field, in hospital or on furlough; and when he returned
-to Canada for demobilization the cheque for balance of pay due was
-handed to him on the day he was discharged. In addition to this monies
-were forwarded to his dependants on account of Separation Allowance, and
-assigned pay, settlement made for clothing and equipment, which he
-purchased from stores on repayment, for Victory Bonds which he purchased
-during his services, remittances to his friends and other payments.
-
-All this entailed an enormous amount of work. Ledger sheets had to be
-kept up to date, pay books checked up, remittances looked after, cheques
-written, documents made up and sent along with the soldier from one
-place to another until he finally returned to Canada, bearing with him
-like documents from England. Every officer, non-commissioned officer and
-man knows the amount of detail work which this involved.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  BRIG.-GEN. S. J. R. SIRCOM.]
-
-Of the original Staff, Col. S. J. R. Sircom, affectionately known to the
-troops in this district as the “Grand Old Man,” endeared himself to all
-ranks with whom he came in contact by his urbanity and kindly
-consideration. Colonel Sircom commenced his military career early in
-life. He joined the Halifax Garrison Artillery as a 2nd Lieutenant in
-1878, and the 63rd Regiment, Halifax Rifles, in 1885. He transferred to
-the Militia Staff with the rank of Major in 1905, and on January 1,
-1907, was appointed to the C.A.P.C. with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel,
-and became Paymaster of the 6th Divisional area. He was promoted to the
-rank of Colonel on May 24, 1916. He proceeded to London as a
-representative of the Paymaster-General the latter part of 1918, and on
-his return from Overseas was retired to Pension with the rank of
-Brigadier-General.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. J. L. REGAN, C.M.G.]
-
-Capt. J. L. Regan proceeded Overseas with the First Contingent as
-assistant to Col. W. R. Ward, then Chief Paymaster Canadian
-Expeditionary Force. Captain Regan was largely responsible for the
-organization of the Canadian Pay Services in France and England. He was
-later promoted to the rank of Colonel and appointed Deputy
-Paymaster-General. He was awarded the C.M.G., and on his return to
-Canada became Director of Pay Services at Ottawa.
-
-Quartermaster Sergt. J. Turner transferred to the Highland Brigade as
-Captain and Quartermaster. He was seriously injured in the Halifax
-explosion and is now invalided to Pension. Staff Sergeant G. T. Allum,
-now Sergeant-Major, is retired to Pension. Quartermaster Sergeant G. H.
-Saunders was promoted to the rank of Captain. Captain Saunders remained
-with No. 6 Detachment during the whole period of the War, and the
-admirable manner in which this Unit met all demands upon it,
-particularly during the trying months of demobilization, was largely due
-to his energy, efficiency and foresight.
-
-Staff Sergts. C. A. Chew and B. A. Spink proceeded Overseas and both
-returned with the rank of Captain. The former was discharged to Pension;
-the latter is employed at Militia Headquarters. Staff Sergt. A. V. Chase
-went Overseas with the Clearing Services Command and returned with the
-rank of Captain. He will be remembered by all returning officers and men
-who passed through or had dealings with the Clearing Depot, Halifax, as
-a very efficient officer. Sergt. W. A. Coyne proceeded Overseas as
-Captain Clearing Services Command and is now struck off strength. Sergt.
-F. A. Chew proceeded Overseas with the 25th Battalion, returned as a
-Captain in the C.A.P.C., and is now struck off strength to Pension.
-
-Capt. G. C. Sircom, son of Brigadier-General S. J. R. Sircom, after
-return from Overseas, was employed in the Pay Office, and now has a
-commission in the Permanent Army Pay Corps.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. J.A.C. MOWBRAY, O.B.E.]
-
-Lieut.-Col. J. A. C. Mowbray, when war was declared, offered his
-services and was detailed as Paymaster to the 2nd Brigade, C.F.A.,
-proceeding Overseas with that Unit. After serving in France for about
-one year he was recalled to London to fill a post in the Pay Office
-Headquarters. He became Deputy Assistant Paymaster-General, was awarded
-the O.B.E., and later was transferred to Canada to fill his present
-position, which is designated as Senior Pay Officer for Nova Scotia.
-
-The following are a few of the officers who did good work in this
-Division during the War, either before proceeding Overseas or returning
-from Overseas on demobilization or as Paymasters of Units:—Major J.
-Taylor, Major M. H. Morrison, Major R. H. Humphrey, Major J. D. Murphy,
-Major Colin MacIntosh, Capt. H. Powis Herbert, Capt. G. C. Milsom, Capt.
-W. W. Brignell, Capt. C. S. Simpson, Capt. R. Bartholomew, Capt. H. A.
-MacDonald, Capt. J. L. Melanson, Capt. R. H. Hardwicke, Capt. A. A.
-Cameron, Capt. Tait Scott, Capt. H. W. Ireland, Capt. Walter Ruggles,
-Capt. W. C. L. Bauld, Capt. R. MacDougall, Lieut. H. S. Major, Lieut. W.
-E. McDonald, Lieut. H. A. Allum, Lieut. H. S. Simpson, Lieut. W. J.
-O’Donnell.
-
-To show the vast amount of work carried out by this Detachment the
-following statement of monthly expenditure is appended. This does not
-include disbursements for clothing and equipment, horses, transports,
-camp supplies, wagons, etc., but purely pay and allowance of troops and
-their upkeep. Considering the amount of cash handled it is satisfactory
-to know that not one cent was lost to the public by misappropriation or
-otherwise.
-
-
-                        CANADIAN ARMY PAY CORPS
-
-            1914.         1915.         1916.          1917.
-
- Jan.                   $482,294 94    $896,549 00   $666,896 18
- Feb.                    470,046 71     976,053 25    644,126 11
- Mar.                    662,605 50   1,153,944 98    675,447 01
- Supp.                   287,295 99     868,515 21      5,506 91
- Apr.                    573,994 33     926,836 11    747,234 96
- May                     589,433 57   1,140,637 41    691,321 20
- June                    460,883 20   1,269,057 73    679,157 80
- July                    421,362 69     928,319 09    579,265 37
- Aug.     $161,021 38    418,878 19     911,739 50    571,727 69
- Sept.     314,031 19    447,655 00     849,942 58    550,065 71
- Oct.      307,412 29    533,383 39     819,436 00    745,190 00
- Nov.      342,922 32    602,738 82     752,020 66    697,784 22
- Dec.      459,147 34    867,574 05     683,957 09    535,004 98
-        ————————————— ————————————— —————————————— —————————————
- Total. $1,584,534 52 $6,818,146 38 $12,177,008 61 $7,788,728 14
-
-             1918.         1919.          1920.
-
- Jan.      $557,736 27    $683,909 27   $657,541 08
- Feb.       518,971 86     872,284 08    402,801 20
- Mar.       726,882 97   1,176,278 36    347,439 80
- Supp.       18,643 78      26,683 87     60,765 01
- Apr.       700,400 20   1,113,762 96    142,518 83
- May        600,590 53   1,208,976 54    121,399 76
- June       745,238 77   1,378,733 64    145,981 25
- July       940,247 42   1,596,356 84    132,327 77
- Aug.       709,107 18   1,638,684 02
- Sept.      595,238 78   1,505,466 80
- Oct.       614,166 48   1,727,033 48
- Nov.       610,452 05   1,178,085 30
- Dec.       671,840 28     862,424 00
-         ————————————— —————————————— —————————————
- Total.  $8,009,516 57 $14,968,679 16 $2,010,774 70
-
-
-                                Summary.
-
-             1914                             $1,584,534 52
-             1915                              6,818,146 38
-             1916                             12,177,008 61
-             1917                              7,788,728 14
-             1918                              8,009,516 57
-             1919                             14,968,679 16
-             1920                              2,010,774 70
-                                                    ———————
-             Total expenditure to July, 1920 $53,357,388 08
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXIX.
-                _THE ROYAL CANADIAN GARRISON ARTILLERY._
-
-
-Lord Kitchener once remarked—in reply to a question—“The Front is where
-a soldier is ordered to be.” In accordance with this, those men whose
-duties necessitated their being retained in connection with the Coast
-Defences, were made to abide by the decision of those responsible for
-the strategy of the defence of Canadian shores.
-
-After the War, the Permanent Force, of which the R.C.G.A. form a part,
-are the only persons in uniform; and the imputation of not being an
-Overseas Unit is not a good advertisement to attract recruits. Moreover,
-the imputation is not only unjust, but untrue, as the following will
-show:
-
-In July, 1914, relations between the British Empire and the Central
-Powers were very strained, and on July 30th, four days before the War
-was officially declared, the R.C.G.A. were ordered to man the most
-important forts as a precaution, since it is an axiom in naval warfare
-that, if possible, a surprise attack is the first and best declaration
-of war.
-
-On August 5th Fortress Orders contained the following:—“War having
-broken out with Germany, the Halifax Defence Scheme comes into force
-herewith.”
-
-On the 6th August, the 1st Regiment, C.G.A., mobilized and proceeded to
-the Forts to complete the manning, since the R.C.G.A. alone were too few
-in number completely to man more than the two largest forts.
-
-The first portion of the annual training for the year had just been
-completed, and one can truthfully say that Halifax was as well able to
-repel a raid as any other fortress in the Empire at that period.
-
-It was thought by most people in the early days of the War that the War
-would last only a few months, and the personnel of the Defences had to
-find accommodation where they could, until well on into the winter; for
-coast forts in peace time are not provided with accommodation for
-lengthy occupation; consequently, both officers and men had a far from
-comfortable time until wooden huts were constructed.
-
-None of the Artillery Units allotted to the Fortress were for any length
-of time up to full strength, so that barely sufficient men were
-available to form the necessary reliefs for the guns.
-
-Night and day, all through the War, from July 30th, 1914, until after
-the signing of the Armistice, November 11, 1919, enough men to work the
-guns had to be near them and alert, while on each gun was a sentry, who
-was relieved every hour, and whose duty was to watch seawards for the
-approach of any hostile craft. Not a very arduous task at first sight,
-but enough to make most men long to be Overseas after a few months of
-it.
-
-Fortunately the Germans were not very enterprising, and considered that
-the presence of the Coast Defences was too great a risk to run, so that
-Halifax did not have to go through the horrors of a bombardment as well
-as the explosion, though, had the city been undefended, it would, no
-doubt, like several English towns, have received a few shells from time
-to time.
-
-In March, 1915, the 3rd Regiment, C.G.A., from St. John, N.B., came for
-training, as St. John was about to be fortified, and a portion of this
-Unit was retained to reinforce the Units already doing duty in the
-Forts. In April, 1915, No. 4 Company, P.E.I., C.G.A., came for training.
-Some of these men had already been on duty with heavy field guns at
-Canso and Sydney. When trained they remained in Halifax, sending drafts
-Overseas from time to time, and proved themselves efficient gunners.
-
-In June, 1915, a number of N.C.O.’s and men sailed for the Front, but
-all efforts of others to do so were in vain, though several N.C.O.’s and
-men took their fate in their own hands and stowed away on transports
-conveying infantry. Some of these got as far as France, but discipline
-had to be maintained, and all were brought back. This incident will show
-that the men of the R.C.G.A. did not remain in Halifax from choice.
-
-In July, 1916, authority was at last obtained for the R.C.G.A. to form a
-Siege Battery, and this was quickly done; in it were some of the best
-N.C.O.’s and men in the Corps, and the whole Battery were of splendid
-physique. This Battery left for Overseas in September, 1916, under the
-command of Major S. A. Heward, R.C.A. It arrived in France on the 22nd
-March, 1917, and took part in many big fights, including Vimy Ridge,
-Hill 70, Passchendaele, Cambrai and Mons. Men of a Siege Battery get
-plenty of heavy work and little chance of heroic deeds as individuals,
-but the Battery has to its credit the following decorations:—Military
-Cross, 2; Distinguished Conduct Medal, 2; Military Medals, 16;
-Meritorious Service Medals, 3; while several other officers from the
-R.C.A. in Halifax were awarded the D.S.O. and M.C.
-
-As soon as the Battery left for Overseas, preparations for raising
-another were immediately made, and those officers and men Who were
-unable to go in the previous one vied with each other to get a place in
-this, but it was not authorized, and drafts only were found as
-reinforcements to the one already authorized. Moreover, it was deemed
-advisable that certain specially trained officers and men were essential
-for the efficient working of the Home Defence, and these could not go,
-even in drafts, unless they had others to replace them.
-
-It takes some time to make an artilleryman, particularly a garrison
-gunner, who is expected to know every type of gun from a light field
-piece to the heaviest coast defence gun, or siege howitzer, all of which
-form part of the armament of a coast fortress, so that, although no
-doubt if the War had lasted long enough all would eventually have been
-replaced, these men had to remain.
-
-A number of R.C.A. officers went over in charge of drafts of the
-R.C.G.A. or other Units.
-
-The 1st Regiment, C.G.A., sent over many officers and men in drafts to
-infantry units and to an Ammunition Column.
-
-The P.E.I. C.G.A. Detachment also formed an Ammunition Column.
-
-Early in 1915 the British Government decided to re-arm St. Lucia, and
-the Units at Halifax, with some additional personnel from Esquimalt and
-Quebec, were called upon to furnish men for this purpose. The first
-draft went in March, 1915. They had to mount the guns (some of which
-were of French pattern and quite strange to them), and generally
-organize the defences.
-
-In the autumn of 1917 and spring of 1918 the enemy submarines raided the
-Atlantic coasts of the United States and Canada, and it was very
-essential that the important port of Sydney, N.S., should be more
-strongly defended, so new guns of heavier calibre were sent from Halifax
-and mounted there. This necessitated additional men, and drafts from
-Toronto and British Columbia were detailed for this purpose.
-
-These men, some of them called under the Military Service Act, were an
-exceptionally good type and quickly made efficient specialists and
-gunners. Some were sent for training as officers and would have relieved
-those officers in the Forts who had been unable to get away.
-Unfortunately for them the Armistice was declared and hostilities
-ceased, so that this scheme did not materialize, though some of these
-men obtained probationers’ certificates.
-
-An important branch of the R.C.G.A. in Halifax is the Royal School of
-Artillery (Coast Defence and Siege) and this School, the only Siege
-Artillery School in Canada, was responsible for the training of most of
-the Siege Artillery Officers and Specialists, as well as several
-Batteries and Drafts that went Overseas after the First Contingent.
-
-In addition to this, a gun practice at Halifax, Sydney and St. John was
-carried out under the supervision of the R.S.A. Staff, while courses for
-officers and specialists, Coast Defence Artillery, were also given.
-
-The establishment of Instructors was one officer and three other ranks,
-but as one N.C.O. Instructor was stationed at St. John, this was
-increased by a N.C.O. from the 1st Regiment, C.G.A. Officers from the
-C.G.A. were attached as assistants for varying periods.
-
-In June, 1915, the I.G., now Lieut.-Col. W. G. Beeman, D.S.O., R.C.A.,
-went Overseas, and in 1916 his successor, Major H. R. N. Cobbett,
-R.C.A., went over with No. 9 Siege Battery. In 1918 one Warrant Officer
-Instructor was permitted to go; he was immediately appointed Instructor
-at the Canadian School of Gunnery, Witley, England, and it was only with
-great difficulty that he managed to reach France, where he again was
-utilized as an Instructor.
-
-The rest of the Staff felt most keenly the fact that they had to be
-retained in Canada, as their position after the War, when dealing with
-classes who had seen Overseas service, would not be at all enviable. It
-was very unfortunate that arrangements had not been made to replace
-them, so that they might go to the Front even for a short time, because
-although it is a fact that good teachers are born, not made, there is a
-tendency to think that anyone with long experience in the fighting line
-must be a good instructor.
-
-Officers from all parts of Canada took courses at the R.S.A., and it
-speaks well for the training which they received that on reaching
-England further training, other than three weeks’ at Lydd, was
-considered unnecessary in most cases, and at Lydd these officers usually
-took first place in the examinations held there.
-
-Many of them, who were unable to get positions in the C.E.F., were given
-commissions in the British Artillery, and in several cases commanded
-Batteries.
-
-Owing to the smallness of Staff and limited demand for siege artillery
-the actual numbers trained were not as large as those in other Artillery
-Schools, but with small classes the training was naturally very
-thorough.
-
-Among the Units trained may be mentioned:—
-
-
-                             Coast Defence.
-
-  1st Regiment, C.G.A
-  3rd Regiment, C.G.A.
-  P.E.I., C.G.A.
-  Drafts from Toronto and B.C.
-  And 10 courses for officers and specialists lasting two months each.
-
-
-                                 Siege.
-
-  2nd Montreal H’y B’t’y.
-  McGill Siege B’t’y and Drafts.
-  3rd C.G.A. Siege B’t’y and Drafts.
-  Halifax (10th) B’t’y and Drafts.
-  And 9 courses for officers and specialists lasting two months each.
-
-Total number trained by R.S.A., exclusive of Batteries:
-
-                     Coast Defence.        Siege
-                     Officers.    Men. Officers. Men.
-                        190       301     122    258
-
-
-                SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL WHO WENT OVERSEAS.
-
-
-                               R.C.G.A.
-             Officers. Other Ranks.    Sphere of Operations.
-                    13          288 Western Front.
-                                 60 To St. Lucia.
-                     1           36 To C.E.F., Siberia.
-                     8              British Mission, Siberia.
-                    ——          ———
-       Total        22          384
-
-                         1st Regiment, C.G.A.
-             Officers. Other Ranks.    Sphere of Operations.
-                    48          625 Western Front and St. Lucia.
-
-                             P.E.I. C.G.A.
-             Officers. Other Ranks.    Sphere of Operations.
-                    -3          110 Western Front.
-
-On mobilization these units had:
-
-                                        Officers. O.R.
-                  R.C.G.A.                     17  336
-                  1st Regt., C.G.A.            20  230
-                  4 Coy., P.E.I. C.G.A.         3   72
-                                               ——  ———
-                          Total                40  638
-
-Altogether about 80 officers and 1,500 N.C.O.’s and men of the Artillery
-Units (including 10th Siege Battery) stationed in Halifax were sent
-Overseas, and the majority of those mobilized in 1914 who did not go
-were unable to do so either through being specialists, over age or low
-category.
-
-When it is realized that these Corps had great difficulty in obtaining
-recruits, owing to the fear that men would be retained for Home Service,
-the numbers shown are considered very creditable.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XXX.
-                       _THE CANADIAN ENGINEERS._
-
-
-The Corps of Canadian Engineers has no local connection with any
-Province in the same way that Infantry Regiments and Battalions have. At
-the end of the War in France it consisted of some twelve Battalions,
-together with other small Engineering Units with Administrative Staffs,
-etc., which Units were recruited from all parts of Canada, and no
-particular Engineering Unit was sent from the Province of Nova Scotia.
-
-A great many individual officers and men were sent to the Engineers from
-this Province, and did very excellent work, but were posted to various
-Overseas Units, hence the impossibility of describing particularly the
-work and services of Nova Scotia Sappers.
-
-As far as service in Canada is concerned the defence of the Fortress of
-Halifax was a very important matter, and the services of a very large
-number of officers and other ranks of the R.C.E. Permanent Force and
-Canadian Engineers, Active Militia, were employed at this Fortress
-throughout the War. Their strenuous duties and long hours in connection
-with the continual operation of electric lights and maintenance of
-fortifications were carried out untiringly and most conscientiously.
-
-Practically every officer and other rank in these two Corps not only
-volunteered for Overseas service, but also took very strenuous measures
-to get to France, by hook or by crook, and a great many of them were
-successful. Others unfortunately were retained in Halifax for the
-defence of that Fortress.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXXI.
-                    _MILITIA UNITS ON HOME SERVICE._
-
-
-The following memorandum was prepared to bring to the attention of the
-Minister of Militia and Militia Council some facts and figures
-respecting the services of the Militia of Canada _in Canada_, and
-particularly the Fortress of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the Atlantic
-Seaboard, who although they repeatedly volunteered for Overseas were not
-allowed to go because their duties were held to be supremely important
-by those in authority.
-
-1st—Halifax has always been a Military and Naval Station of the Empire,
-and confidential instructions have always been in existence and a
-comprehensive scheme of defence in the hands of officers commanding
-Units, to be put in force immediately on declaration of war. Therefore,
-the following Halifax Fortress Order was issued by the G.O.C. M.D. No.
-6, August 5, 1914:
-
-No. 681. “War having broken out with Germany the Halifax defence scheme
-comes into effect forthwith.”
-
-In accordance with this order all Halifax Units were immediately
-mobilized and remained on duty in defence of Halifax practically for the
-duration of the War. The 94th Regiment was also mobilized for the
-defence of the Canso cable station, Cape Breton wireless station, etc.,
-and other detachments were placed on active service at various points in
-the district.
-
-2nd—The importance of Halifax as a Military and Naval Station in British
-North America in the eyes of the Imperial and Canadian authorities is
-borne out by the following facts:
-
-  (_a_) The immense amount of money spent in fortifications.
-
-  (_b_) The inauguration of an examination service, whereby all
-  vessels were examined before being allowed to enter the harbor.
-
-  (_c_) Halifax was the examination port for North America, and at
-  times there were upwards of 200 large ocean-going vessels lying at
-  anchor in the harbor.
-
-  (_d_) The manning of the Port War Signal Station, by which all
-  British and Allied warships were passed in under secret signals and
-  codes.
-
-  (_e_) All guns in the various forts were kept loaded, and the crews
-  were kept standing by day and night, ready for instant action.
-
-  (_f_) The infantry continually patrolled the coast, guarding the
-  approaches to the city, and protecting cable landings and wireless
-  stations.
-
-  (_g_) When orders were issued to reduce the strength of the defences
-  in September, 1914, the British Admiral on the Station informed
-  Headquarters that if this order were carried out he would withdraw
-  his fleet and mine the harbor, which would mean closing the harbor
-  to all shipping.
-
-  (_h_) A Hydroplane Station was established, and patrolled the coast
-  daily during the latter part of the War.
-
-  (_i_) Owing to the protection afforded by the defences of Halifax,
-  the authorities were enabled to dispatch from this port in the
-  vicinity of 300,000 Canadian troops, in addition to many thousand
-  Colonial and Allied troops, including Australians, New Zealanders,
-  Bermudians, Fiji Islanders, Americans, and some 50,000 Chinese labor
-  troops.
-
-  (_j_) By means of its defence Halifax afforded shelter for a large
-  number of merchant vessels that were driven in by German raiders
-  early in the War.
-
-It should also be noted that submarines were frequently in the vicinity
-of the harbor, and on one notable occasion a large oil tanker was sunk
-two hours after she left her pier, and several fishing vessels were sunk
-off the coast, and other large transports and cargo vessels were driven
-ashore at the entrance of the harbor. The transport _City of Vienna_
-became a total wreck. Preparations were made and orders issued to
-provide against possible landing parties from German raiders. Stringent
-orders were issued providing for the screening of all lights in the city
-and prosecutions were issued for neglecting to carry out this order.
-
-The foregoing is enumerated with the object of showing the importance of
-Halifax Harbor as a War Station and the necessity of having it properly
-defended by maintaining the Garrison at full strength.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXXII.
-           _THE FIRST REGIMENT CANADIAN GARRISON ARTILLERY._
-
-
-This Unit was organized in 1869 for the purpose of assisting the Regular
-Forces of the Garrison of Halifax in manning the Forts. The Regiment has
-always been at a high state of efficiency, due to the superior class of
-men it has been able to attract to its ranks.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. A. W. DUFFUS.]
-
-From the date of its organization the Regiment has been commanded by
-many prominent citizens. The following is the list in order of service:
-Lieut.-Col. A. G. Jones (late Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia),
-Lieut.-Col. Wm. Creighton, Lieut.-Col. George Mitchell, Lieut.-Col.
-Thomas Mowbray, Lieut.-Col. A. E. Curren, Lieut.-Col. F. H. Oxley,
-Lieut.-Col. A. G. Hesslein, Lieut.-Col. H. Flowers, and, in 1914, at the
-outbreak of war, by Lieut.-Col. J. A. Marshall, followed at the
-completion of his term of service by Lieut.-Col. A. W. Duffus, who
-commanded up to the cessation of hostilities.
-
-On August 3, 1914, Capts. A. N. Jones, S. C. Oland, and George Brew were
-detailed for duty at the examination Battery. On August 4th the
-Commanding Officer received orders to mobilize, and on August 6th the
-Regiment was detailed to and occupied its various posts in the Batteries
-of the Fortress of Halifax. All officers and men in the city reported
-for duty: those absent were summoned by wire and letter, and joined the
-Unit within a few days.
-
-The following officers remained with the Unit during the War, but did
-not proceed Overseas, because the Department at Ottawa claimed their
-services could not be dispensed with:
-
-Lieut.-Col. J. A. Marshall, Lieut.-Col. A. W. Duffus, Major A. M. Bauld
-(Q.M.), Capts. J. M. Allen (Adjt.), W. C. Bauld (P.M.), L. J. Donaldson
-(Chaplain), Major H. E. Gates, Major P. O. Soulis (transferred to H.Q.
-M.D. No. 6), Capts. C. Churchill, A. F. Haliburton, L. L. Harrison,
-Lieuts. O. A. M. Wilson, G. B. Isnor, W. J. O’Connell, J. E. Rutledge,
-A. H. Thomson, Leo Esther, G. W. Carmichael, W. E. Forsythe, C. R.
-Hoben, H. C. Frame, P. L. Whitman, D. A. Forsythe, R. M. Fielding, F. A.
-Grant, W. E. Stewart, E. K. Fielding, H. H. Miller, W. Mitchell, A. J.
-Haliburton, C. H. Crosby, F. S. Thomson.
-
-The Department of Militia and Defence at first ruled that no officer or
-man of the Fortress could proceed Overseas, as his services were
-required here and he could not be spared. Later on this ruling was
-somewhat modified and officers and men were relieved as soon as they
-could be replaced by new men and permitted to join various Units. Many,
-however, were not accorded this privilege, much to their chagrin.
-
-Six hundred and twenty-five men and the following officers were
-permitted to go Overseas at various times and with various Units and
-branches of the service, taking any chance that offered rather than
-remain at home:
-
-Lieut.-Col. E. V. Hogan, Major G. H. Maxwell, Major J. L. MacKinnon (now
-Lieut.-Colonel), Major A. N. Jones, Capts. L. N. Seaman, E. L. Miller,
-S. C. Oland, G. M. Brew, F. S. Burns, G. B. Oland, G. A. Medcalf, P. B.
-Stairs, Lieuts. J. R. Curry, W. M. Ray, F. B. Sharp, G. A. Gaherty, R.
-W. Churchill, D. J. Maxwell, E. P. Flowers, D. A. Guildford, E. A. Bell,
-H. R. D. Lacon, R. F. B. Campbell, T. DeW. Farquhar, H. M. Stairs, E. S.
-Thomson, F. H. Palmer, R. P. Freeman, C. H. Coll, J. D. Smith, W. P.
-Potter, F. G. Hayden, H. W. L. Doane, W. M. Marshall, A. G. Wooten, H.
-St. G. S. DeCarteret, E. G. Dickie, A. E. Horne, R. G. Crosby, F. M.
-Blackett, R G. McAloney, W. R. Harris, M. B. Archibald, H. B. Bell, T.
-H. Whelpley, O. R. Crowell.
-
-And from the Reserve of Officers, Lieut.-Col. H. Flowers and Major
-Allister Fraser, M.C. Of these Major G. H. Maxwell, Capt. Philip B.
-Stairs, Lieuts. E. G. Dickie and R. G. MacAloney made the supreme
-sacrifice.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  OFFICERS OF THE 1ST REGIMENT, C.G.A.]
-
-It is impossible to give a list of the many non-commissioned officers
-and men who were a credit to their Regiment on the fields of Flanders.
-Their records appear with the records of the Units in which they served.
-
-It is supposed by many that the troops of the Garrison lived in
-comparative luxury, whereas the contrary was the case. Many hardships
-were undergone and, apart from the fact that the Hun raiders gave
-Halifax a wide berth, knowing that an attack would mean a waste of
-ammunition, which could not be replaced this side of Zeebrugge,
-conditions generally were often not so good as in France, owing to the
-severity of our climate. The casements in which the men were supposed to
-be quartered in time of war were entirely unfit for occupation as, owing
-to long disuse, they were in a very damp and unsanitary condition. The
-Unit was, therefore, placed under canvas, and it was late in December
-before any attempt was made to provide proper and suitable winter
-quarters. Owing to a fine distinction made between the Militia and
-Overseas forces, which only an army man can understand, the men were not
-provided with a full kit, even boots being denied them until many of
-them were actually barefoot. Underclothing and other necessaries had to
-be purchased by the men themselves, until at last the responsible
-authorities awakened to the fact that there was a real war on.
-
-About August 16, 1914, the first Canadian Contingent commenced
-mobilizing at Valcartier, and orders were received calling for
-volunteers from the Garrison. The 1st C.A. were to provide one officer
-and twenty-five other ranks. Capt. George M. Brew proceeded to
-Valcartier with the draft, and on arrival was told he was not wanted and
-ordered to return to Halifax. This officer was so disappointed that he
-resigned his commission and travelled to England at his own expense,
-where he joined a Unit of the Imperial artillery and served with it
-during the greater part of the War.
-
-In September, 1914, it was considered unnecessary to keep the Units on
-garrison duty at full strength, and a reduction was proposed. The naval
-authorities, however, insisted that a fully garrisoned fortress was
-necessary as a protection for the Naval Base, and no reduction was made.
-Later on the artillery forces were increased. All of which shows the
-importance placed on the Fortress by the Imperial authorities during war
-time.
-
-From time to time the Commanding Officer offered the services of the
-Unit for Overseas, and asked permission to form Batteries of heavy and
-field artillery, but without result. Small detachments were allowed to
-volunteer as emergencies arose, such as artillery Units being short of
-men, on account of casualties occurring, while passing through Halifax,
-and then only on condition that men were found to replace them. It was
-not until 1917 that permission was given to form an ammunition column,
-and immediately on its completion a second one.
-
-Much might be written of happenings during the war period which, while
-of interest to the officers, non-commissioned officers and men, were all
-in the day’s work and of no historical value. It is sufficient to say
-that this Unit with the other Units of the Garrison performed their
-duties well and satisfactorily.
-
-
-
-
-                            CHAPTER XXXIII.
-      _THE 11th BRIGADE, C.F.A., AND COMPOSITE ARTILLERY COMPANY._
-
-
-The 11th Brigade was the junior Artillery Brigade of the 6th Military
-District. It comprised in addition to the Headquarters Staff, the 27th
-(Digby) Battery, the 28th (Pictou) Battery and the 29th (Yarmouth)
-Battery. Although the Brigade was not ordered out on active service, it
-contributed possibly more than its original strength in personnel to the
-prosecution of the Great War. Almost the first day of the War the
-Commanding Officer (Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley, of Yarmouth, N.S.) wired
-the offer of services to headquarters and the Battery officers busied
-themselves with looking to the details of organization.
-
-Capt. F. W. Pickles, O.C. 29th Battery (Yarmouth), joined the 17th
-Battery of Sydney, one of the first Units on the march, with a
-detachment of eighteen non-commissioned officers and men from his
-Battery. Subsequently every artillery Unit and many of the Infantry
-Battalions had on their strength representatives of the 11th Brigade.
-This was made possible largely by the untiring efforts of a few senior
-officers, who for some good reason or other, were unable to proceed
-Overseas. Prominent among these were Majors H. S. Hamilton, of Pictou;
-D. C. McKay, of Digby, and A. K. Van Horne, of Yarmouth.
-
-The services of the officers of the 11th Brigade, summarily put, were:
-Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley, O.C., was successful in organizing the 23rd
-Battery, C.E.F.; a Company for guard duty at Barrington Passage, Radio
-Station, and a Company in the 112th Battalion, C.E.F., under Colonel
-Tremaine, with which the latter crossed the Atlantic. Capt. A. A.
-Durkee, Adjutant of the Brigade, organized at Valcartier the first
-Ammunition Unit in the C.E.F., and proceeded Overseas with the First
-Contingent. He was early at the Front, and was promoted to Major and
-Lieut.-Colonel, and commanded, in turn, a Brigade Ammunition Column, a
-Battery, and a Brigade of Artillery. He was mentioned in dispatches and
-was awarded the D.S.O. Lieut.-Col. Durkee is also a South African War
-veteran. Capt. V. F. Connor, C.A.M.C., was on duty through the greater
-part of the War, and rendered valuable service at the time of the great
-explosion in Halifax, December, 1917.
-
-The 27th Battery contributed to the C.E.F. Capt. Glidden Campbell, of
-Weymouth, who went over with the 85th Battalion, and who was awarded the
-M.C.; Lieuts. C. D. Shreve, M.C., killed in action in the artillery; K.
-V. Schurman and H. A. Marshall.
-
-The 28th Battery had to its credit in the C.E.F., Major J. K. McKay, of
-Pictou, who went over in command of the 23rd Battery, C.E.F. He
-commanded a Battery and a Brigade of Artillery at the Front, being
-latterly promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. He was severely wounded
-and received the D.S.O. From the 28th, Lieuts. C. E. Churchill, H. P.
-MacKeen, J. E. Read, J. D. Hickman, H. P. MacKenzie, and possibly
-others, entered the C.E.F. Capt. V. C. Johnson, Corps Reserve, was
-Overseas.
-
-The 29th Battery furnished (in addition to Adjutant Durkee, already
-mentioned) Capt. F. W. Pickles, who commanded a section of a Divisional
-Ammunition Column at the Front; Lieut. Ralph P. Harding, who rose to the
-command of a Battery, with the rank of Major, and returned with the M.C.
-and the D.S.O.; Lieuts. W. Arthur Porter, G. St. C. A. Perrin, E. J.
-Vickery, G. O. Rogers, E. J. Stekelin, who became Major; H. E. Crowell,
-who became Major; S. C. Hood, Jr., who became Captain, and M. B. Davis.
-The 29th Battery claims the honor of having had in its membership at one
-time Brig.-General W. O. H. Dodds, C.M.G., D.S.O., now of Montreal.
-
-
-                      Composite Artillery Company
-
-In April, 1915, detachments from the 27th Battery (Digby) and the 29th
-Battery (Yarmouth) and No. 1 Siege Company (Mahone), were assembled at
-Yarmouth, under Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley, for preliminary training, and
-in May following proceeded to Barrington Passage for guard duty at the
-Radio Station. Among their duties was the construction of a road three
-miles long through a very difficult country. Practically the whole
-strength of this Company transferred to Overseas Units. Officers, in
-addition to the O.C: Capt. W. T. Ernst, and Lieut. C. Melvin.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXXIV.
-                  _THE 63rd REGIMENT HALIFAX RIFLES._
-
-
-The 63rd Regiment, Halifax Rifles, was first organized as a Regiment in
-1860, under the title of “The Halifax Volunteer Battalion.” The
-Volunteer Companies which then composed the Regiment had previously been
-acting as independent bodies. The first Colonel was Sir Willian Fenwick
-Williams, of Kars, and on March 16, 1860, Capt. William Chearnley (late
-of H.M. 8th King’s Regiment of Foot), who was in command of the Chebucto
-Greys, was by an order from Adjutant-General’s Office appointed Captain
-Commanding the Halifax Volunteer Battalion. This was the official date
-of the organization of the Unit, better known as the 63rd Halifax
-Rifles.
-
-The Companies comprising the Regiment at its formation were the Scottish
-Rifles, Chebucto Greys, Mayflower Rifles, Halifax Rifles, Irish Rifles,
-and Dartmouth Rifles. In 1862 the Dartmouth Engineers joined the
-Regiment, which mustered seven Companies.
-
-On November 10, 1862, the Halifax City Council presented the Regiment
-with its first set of colors. The presentation was made by the wife of
-the Mayor, Mrs. P. C. Hill. On the same date, Lady Mulgrave, wife of the
-Governor of Nova Scotia, in the name of the ladies of the City of
-Halifax, presented the Regiment with a silver bugle, which was to be
-shot for each year. This bugle is still in the possession of the
-Regiment.
-
-In January, 1865, Captain Chearnley was appointed Lieut.-Colonel and the
-Battalion reorganized, two of the Companies, the Irish Rifles and
-Dartmouth Engineers, disbanding. The Halifax Rifles, which was double
-strength, took the place of the Irish Rifles—the muster now being six
-Companies. This Regiment had its first call for service in 1866, doing
-garrison duty during the alarm caused by the Fenian Raids into Canada.
-The service lasted from June 6th to July 31st.
-
-In 1868 the Regiment was transferred from the Volunteer Force to the
-Active Militia, and was officially designated as the Halifax Volunteer
-Battalion of Rifles, and on May 13, 1870, the Militia Department having
-been regularly organized, the name changed to the 63rd Battalion of
-Rifles, and later to 63rd Regiment, Halifax Rifles, which name it
-retained up to and during the late Great War.
-
-Successive Commanding Officers were as follows: Lieut.-Col. Chearnley,
-1865 to 1871; Lieut.-Col. Andrew MacKinlay, 1871 to 1872; Lieut.-Colonel
-Pallister, 1872 to 1879; Lieut.-Col. J. W. Mackintosh, 1879 to 1890;
-Lieut.-Col. J. D. Walsh, 1890 to 1892; Lieut.-Col. T. J. Egan, 1892 to
-1898; Lieut.-Col. John Crane, 1898 to 1903; Lieut.-Col. J. T. Twining,
-1903 to 1908; Lieut.-Col. C. A. Gunning, 1908 to 1913; Lieut.-Col. I. W.
-Vidito, 1913 to 1917; Lieut.-Col. C. A. Mumford, 1917 until demobilized
-1918.
-
-The 63rd furnished 109 officers and men for service during the Northwest
-Rebellion. Major Walsh was in command, with Capts. Hechler, Cunningham
-and Fortune and Lieutenants Silver, James, Twining, McKie, Fletcher and
-Fiske. Captain Corbin was appointed Quartermaster of the Provisional
-Battalion. They entrained for the West on April 4, 1885, and returned to
-Halifax and rejoined their Unit July 24 of the same year. The Regiment
-also furnished sixty-one officers, non-commissioned officers and men for
-service in the South African War.
-
-On the declaration of the Great War, August 4, 1914, the 63rd Regiment,
-Halifax Rifles was ordered out for service in defence of the Fortress of
-Halifax. One hundred men under the command of Capt. H. N. Clarke, with
-Capt. J, W. Logan, Lieut. E. R. Dennis and Lieut. F. H. M. Jones,
-proceeded at once to Wellington Barracks, and the remainder of the Unit
-was at once mobilized and proceeded under command to the various war
-stations assigned to it.
-
-By August 5, 1914, the mobilization of the Unit being completed, the
-Regiment paraded in full strength under Lieut.-Col. I. W. Vidito, with
-Major W. E. Thompson Second in Command, and Capt. D. R. Turnbull,
-Adjutant, and proceeded to their new quarters, Wellington Barracks,
-where the Composite Company under Capt. H. N. Clarke was absorbed, the
-officers and men rejoining their old Companies.
-
-On August 12th “B” Company proceeded to McNab’s Island under the command
-of Capt. C. A. Mumford, with Lieuts. C. N. Bennett and W. E. Doane. “D”
-Company, under Capt. H. F. Adams and Lieut. C. J. Roche, proceeded to
-York Redoubt. On August 18th “G” and “H” Companies proceeded to the
-Eastern Camp Site, Dartmouth. These two Companies were under the command
-of Major W. H. Conrod. “G” Company (Capt. E. A. Vossnack, Lieuts. G. S.
-Kinley and G. C. Sircom) occupied York Farm; “H” Company (Capt. H. N.
-Clarke and Lieuts. E. C. Phinney and J. W. Grant) occupied Kuhn’s Farm.
-On August 25th “D” Company under Capt. H. F. Adams moved from York
-Redoubt to Camperdown, and on the same date “A” Company (Capt. F. C.
-Kingdon, Lieut. R. C. McDonald); “C” Company (Capt. H. G. DeWolfe,
-Lieut. H. J. Stech) and “F” Company (Capt. J. W. Logan, Lieuts. G. M.
-Sylvester and F. H. Jones) moved to McNab’s Island. “E” Company (Capt.
-E. K. McKay, Lieuts. O. Vossnack and E. R. Dennis) moved to Lawlor’s
-Island. The last four Companies were under the command of Major W. E.
-Thompson. On August 30th headquarters and regimental details moved to
-McNab’s Island.
-
-Immediately on arrival at their stations each Company started the work
-of digging trenches, placing wire entanglements, constructing
-blockhouses, dugouts, etc. The men were driven at top speed at this
-work, officers and men working all day as well as doing picquet duty at
-night.
-
-During the early days of the War H.M. ship _Suffolk_, then engaged in
-hunting for the enemy cruiser _Karlsruhe_, called at Halifax in urgent
-need of coal, and was coaled in record time by the 63rd Regiment.
-
-On August 22nd the first Overseas draft was called for and twenty-four
-non-commissioned officers and men under command of Lieuts. A. F. Major
-and G. L. Stairs, proceeded to Valcartier Camp. On November 25, 1914,
-forty-eight non-commissioned officers and men were transferred to the
-25th Battalion, C.E.F., which was then being organized, and on December
-6th Major W. H. Conrod, Lieuts. L. N. B. Bullock, G. C. Sircom and J. A.
-Grant were transferred to that Battalion.
-
-Major W. E. Thompson was called in by Headquarters Military District No.
-6 in December, 1914, to take over the work of Inspector of Outposts and
-Detachments throughout the district, with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-
-On May 20, 1915, Capt. Wm. Taylor, Lieuts. C. J. Roche and J. A.
-Watters, with thirty-three other ranks proceeded to Jamaica on military
-duty. On August 13, 1915, thirty-six other ranks were transferred to the
-40th Battalion, then in training at Valcartier. In September, 1915, an
-Overseas Company was formed to which officers and men given permission
-to go Overseas were attached for training. From this time, all drafts
-from the 63rd for Overseas Units were taken from this Company.
-
-An Overseas draft of 100 other ranks with Lieuts. W. D. Simpson, H. D.
-Hilton and C. D. Llwyd were struck off the strength of the 63rd Regiment
-on February 25, 1916.
-
-Major H. F. Adams was appointed Officer Commanding Discharge Depot,
-Halifax, from July 1, 1916. A draft of eighty-eight other ranks under
-command of Lieuts. H. A. Creighton and Benj. Taylor embarked for
-Overseas on July 15, 1916. The Regiment was inspected by Field-Marshall
-H.R.H. Duke of Connaught on August 24, 1916.
-
-The 63rd was placed on a four Company basis from November 1, 1917. The
-Company officers were: “A” Company, Capt. F. C. Kingdon, Lieuts. J. A.
-Watters, H. V. Wier, G. W. Churchill, H. S. Holloway. “B” Company,
-Capts. H. J. Steck, D. W. Kennedy, Lieuts. F. A. Taylor, C. S. Innes, H.
-R. McCaughin, G. R. Forbes. “C” Company, Capts. E. Ricketts, G. S.
-Kinley, Lieuts. T. L. Parkman, J. E. Milsom, C. N. Innes. “D” Company,
-Capts. O. F. Vossnack, W. Taylor, Lieuts. E. G. McMinn, W. R. R. Tayler,
-H. H. Irwin.
-
-Lieut.-Col. I. W. Vidito was transferred to the Reserve of Officers on
-July 1, 1917, and was succeeded in the command of the Regiment by
-Lieut.-Col. C. A. Mumford. On the morning of December 6, 1917, five
-officers and 143 other ranks were detailed for relief work following the
-explosion at Halifax. On April 16, 1918, the 6th Battalion Canadian
-Garrison Regiment was authorized, and in May the 63rd Regiment was
-relieved from duty. The following named officers were transferred to the
-6th Battalion: Lieut.-Col. C. A. Mumford, Capts. E. Ricketts, H. J.
-Steck, E. K. McKay, G. S. Kinley, Lieuts. H. V. Wier, J. A. Watters, E.
-G. McMinn, G. W. Churchill, J. E. Milsom, H. R. McCoughin, G. R. Forbes,
-R. J. Colwell.
-
-The undermentioned officers were transferred to the 1st Nova Scotia
-Depot Battalion: Lieuts. H. A. Wilson, W. R. R. Tayler, H. S. Holloway,
-Majors A. R. McCleave and H. N. Clarke, Capts. F. C. Kingdon, J. D.
-Monoghan and Lieut. T. Parkman were relieved from active service.
-
-On the organization of the First Canadian Contingent the Regiment
-volunteered for service Overseas, but much to the disappointment of all
-ranks had to continue its allotted duties in the defence of the Fortress
-of Halifax. Owing to the heavy demands on the Ordnance Department for
-clothing and equipment needed by troops preparing for embarkation the
-requirements of troops on Home Service could not be met until late in
-1914, and for some time clothing was patched with flour sacks or any
-other material available, and worn out soles of boots were reinforced
-with shingles. In spite of all discouragements the 63rd faithfully
-performed the tasks assigned it, and when at last it was permitted to
-send drafts Overseas it became the ambition of all ranks to obtain a
-transfer to the Overseas Company. Altogether the Regiment supplied 70
-officers and 815 other ranks for service at the Front.
-
-The following is a list of officers who served with the Regiment at
-various times during the War. Those who went Overseas are marked *:
-*Lieut. A. B. Anderson; Capt. H. F. Adams (now Lieut.-Col. R. O.);
-*Lieut. A. A. Allenback; *Lieut. W. B. Arthur; *Lieut. H. P. Bell
-(Captain C.E.F.); *Lieut. C. W. Bennett (killed in action); *Lieut. L.
-N. B. Bullock (D.S.O. and Bar—Lieut.-Colonel C.E.F.); *Lieut. F. A.
-Brewster (M.C.); *Lieut. G. A. Campbell (killed in action); *Major W. H.
-Conrod; *Major H. N. Clarke; Lieut. J. H. Congdon; Lieut. G. W.
-Churchill; *Lieut. W. L. Coleman; Lieut. H. J. Crosskill; *Lieut. R. J.
-Colwell; *Lieut. T. F. Campbell; *Lieut. C. H. Colwell; *Lieut. A. H.
-Creighton; *Lieut. H. A. Creighton; *Lieut. B. Currie (Captain C.E.F.);
-Capt. H. G. DeWolf; Lieut. W. H. Dennis; *Lieut. E. R. Dennis (M.C.,
-killed in action); *Major F. W. W. Doane; *Lieut. H. W. L. Doane;
-*Lieut. W. E. E. Doane (killed in action); *Lieut. S. Downer; *Lieut. J.
-S. Davie (M.C., Major C.E.F.); Lieut. R. F. Davison; *Lieut. A. C.
-Delacroix; *Lieut. E. R. Eddy; Lieut. R. G. Forbes; *Lieut. W. G. Foster
-(killed in action); *Lieut. P. W. Freeman; Lieut. L. A. Gastonquay;
-*Lieut. G. H. Gillis (D.F.C., Captain C.E.F.); *Lieut. J. A. Grant;
-*Lieut. W. P. Grant; *Lieut. R. J. Harris (died); *Lieut. J. A. Harris;
-*Lieut. H. E. Hilton (killed in action); *Lieut. H. S. Holloway; *Lieut.
-W. A. Hendry; *Lieut. E. J. Hallett (M.C.); *Lieut. E. A. Hartling;
-Lieut. H. H. Irwin; *Lieut. C. S. Innes; *Lieut. Colin Innes; *Lieut. F.
-H. Jones (M.C.); Capt. R. J. Huston; *Lieut. A. E. Jubien; Capt. F. C.
-Kingdon; *Lieut. A. L. A. Kane; Lieut. D. W. Kennedy; Lieut. A. W.
-Kidner; *Lieut. G. S. Kinley (Captain C.E.F.); *Lieut. G. H. Keeler
-(M.C.); Lieut. J. H. LeBlanc; *Lieut. C. D. Llwyd (M.C., killed in
-action); *Major J. W. Logan; *Lieut. G. R. Leslie; *Lieut. O. W.
-Lingham; *Lieut. A T. Lewis (M.C., Captain C.E.F.); *Lieut. A. F. Major
-(killed in action); Lieut J. E. Milson; Capt. R. A. Milson; Lieut.-Col.
-C. A. Mumford; Lieut. J. D. Monaghan; Capt. A. R. McCleave; Capt. E. K.
-McKay; *Lieut. R. C. McDonald; Lieut.-Col. J. W. McMillan (Chaplain);
-*Lieut. Geo. O. McDonald (drowned); Lieut. E. J. McMinn; Lieut. H. R.
-McCoughin; *Lieut. A. T. McDonald (Major C.E.F.); Lieut. T. L. Parkman;
-*Lieut. P. R. Phillips (M.C.); *Lieut. E. C. Phinney (Lieut.-Col.
-C.E.F.); *Lieut. G. C. Pickford; Capt. E. Ricketts; *Lieut. C. Roche
-(killed in action); Lieut. G. B. Robertson; *Lieut. W. M. Rogers;
-*Lieut. J. S. Roy; *Lieut. C. E. Scarfe; *Lieut. W. D. Simpson; *Lieut.
-G. C. Sircom; *Lieut. W. J. Stairs; *Lieut. G. L. Stairs (killed in
-action); Lieut. H. J. Stech; *Lieut. E. S. Smith; *Lieut. G. M.
-Sylvester (killed in action); *Lieut. B. A. Taylor (killed in action);
-*Major W. E. Thompson (Colonel D.O.C., Military District No. 6); Capt.
-W. Taylor; Lieut. J. F. Taylor; Lieut. F. A. Taylor; Capt. D. R.
-Turnbull; *Lieut. W. R. R. Tayler, Lieut.-Col. I. W. Vidito; Capt. E. A.
-Vossnack; Capt. O. F. Vossnack; Lieut. J. A. Watters; Lieut. H. V. Wier;
-*Lieut. H. A. Wilson; Lieut. P. J. Webb; Lieut. R. E. Wellard; Lieut. H.
-H. Westbrooke; Lieut. A. B. West.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXXV.
-             _THE 66th REGIMENT PRINCESS LOUISE FUSILIERS._
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. A. KING.]
-
-Following Great Britain’s declaration of war against Germany on August
-4, 1914, the 66th Regiment, Princess Louise Fusiliers, immediately
-paraded at the Halifax Armories and the same evening sent an advanced
-party of four officers and one hundred other ranks in command of Capt.
-D. S. Bauld to Wellington Barracks, where the balance of the Unit under
-its Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Col. H. L. Chipman, followed, and
-established its headquarters on August 7, 1914. Preparations were
-immediately made to place the 66th Regiment on a war footing, and
-excitement ran high because it was felt by all ranks that, this being
-one of the oldest Units in the Province, the 66th Regiment would be
-among the first to see real service; but the fact that it was never sent
-Overseas caused in the later years of the War a feeling of bitter
-disappointment, particularly among those who were destined to carry on
-tame and unattractive garrison duty throughout the War.
-
-The “Halifax Defence Scheme” unfortunately condemned it to this
-uninteresting work, and although the Regiment repeatedly volunteered for
-service Overseas its requests were ignored. The defence of Halifax was
-altogether a thankless task, and the often repeated assurance that the
-Regiment was performing the duties required of it brought little
-consolation to the officers and men whose sole ambition was to join
-their comrades in the Field.
-
-The personnel of the officers who turned out with the Regiment at the
-time of the declaration of war was as follows:—
-
-  Lieut.-Col. H. L. Chipman         Officer Commanding.
-  Major and Bt. Lieut.-Col. A. King Senior Major.
-  Major R. B. Simmonds              Junior Major and Acting Adjutant.
-  Capt. F. L. Stephen               Acting Quartermaster.
-  Lieut.-Col. M. A. Curry           Medical Officer.
-  Lieut.-Col. W. J. Armitage        Chaplain.
-  Major R. H. Humphrey              Paymaster.
-
-    _Company Officers._
-
-    Capts. A. W. Weston, G. W. Murray, J. McFatridge, D. S. Bauld, H.
-    H. Bligh, R. W. Frost, C. E. Dowden, J. R. Glazbrook; Lieuts. W.
-    B. Medcalfe, G. W. Stairs, G. H. Liddell, C. A. Fages, J. C.
-    Stairs, J. R. Simmonds, G. Dwyer, W. C. Borrett, J. H. Crosskill,
-    B. H. Smith, R. F. Studd, F. H. Marr, F. R. Heuston, D. Stairs, G.
-    E. Creighton, L. E. VanBuskirk.
-
-Later two officers reported for duty from the Corps Reserve, and during
-the period of the War twenty-five additional officers were granted
-commissions in the Regiment. The Regiment at the outbreak of the War was
-on an eight Company basis, and it was not until December 6, 1915, that
-the double Company system was adopted.
-
-The first move of importance was the sending of a detachment, on August
-11, 1914, of four Companies, B, E, F and G, and the Regimental Machine
-Gun Section, all under command of Major R. B. Simmonds, to Chain and
-Long Lakes, with instructions to prepare a system of trenches,
-blockhouses, etc., and arrange generally for the defence of Halifax City
-from any possible attack from the West. This force was designated the
-“Chain Lakes Detachment,” and with interchanges of officers and other
-ranks remained on duty at this post until January 15, 1917, when it
-proceeded to York Redoubt.
-
-The headquarters of the Regiment was moved from Wellington Barracks to
-York Redoubt on August 29, 1914, and remained there until the
-demobilization of the Unit on May 1, 1918. In January, 1915,
-Lieut.-Colonel Chipman was seconded from the Regiment and took over
-command of the Composite Battalion, which had been organized for
-garrison duty, and Lieut.-Col. A. King was gazetted O.C. 66th Regiment,
-and continued so until the Unit was relieved from active service in May,
-1918.
-
-About December 1, 1915, authority was granted for the Regiment to
-organize a reinforcing draft, five officers and two hundred and fifty
-other ranks. The South Barracks on Sackville Street were immediately
-taken over, and recruiting and organization work in connection with the
-draft was proceeded with. The draft finally sailed for England on
-January 22, 1916. This draft was commanded by Capt. R. F. Studd, the
-other officers accompanying it being Lieuts. T. F. Morrison, W. K.
-Fraser, L. J. Atkinson, and W. S. Fielding.
-
-During the War the 66th Regiment was inspected by His Royal Highness the
-Duke of Connaught, His Excellency the Duke of Devonshire, Major-General
-Gwatkin, Chief of the Canadian General Staff, Major-General Lessard,
-Inspector-General of Eastern Canada, and by many other distinguished
-soldiers, and was at all times most highly complimented on its excellent
-state of efficiency.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. R. B. SIMMONDS.]
-
-This Unit played a prominent part in the relief work following the great
-explosion of December 6, 1917, which devastated a large portion of the
-City of Halifax, caused the loss of some seventeen hundred lives and
-entailed untold suffering among so many families for months following.
-Lieut.-Col. R. B. Simmonds was in command of all military and naval
-relief parties engaged in rescue work in the devastated area, and later
-was placed in charge of a committee to procure relief for dependants of
-all men who were serving at home or Overseas. It was the duty of this
-committee to find food, clothing and shelter for the families of all
-soldiers who had suffered in the explosion. A large number of mechanics
-were placed under the direction of this committee and the work of relief
-practically completed by May 1, 1918. That the duties of this committee
-were all carried out it might be mentioned that it effected practically
-permanent repairs to over one hundred and sixty houses, besides looking
-after the needs of many suffering families, for which it was
-complimented by the Minister of Militia and received the thanks of the
-Halifax Relief Commission.
-
-Notwithstanding that the Regiment was kept in Canada, it was,
-nevertheless, called upon to perform various and arduous duties at all
-times. That the Regiment also assisted in a very tangible way in winning
-the War is proved by the fact that the 66th Regiment, Princess Louise
-Fusiliers sent fifty-four officers and eight hundred and fifty men to
-swell the ranks of various Overseas Units of the Canadian Expeditionary
-Force, a large number of whom are now sleeping their last sleep in the
-fields of Flanders, having upheld the honor of their Regiment and proved
-their belief in its motto, “Fideliter.”
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXXVI.
-             _94th VICTORIA REGIMENT, ARGYLL HIGHLANDERS._
-
-
-Much has been written of what was done by Canadian Units in France and
-Belgium, but little has been said of the Units compelled to remain on
-home service, which had to content themselves with performing garrison
-duties and supplying reinforcements to the army in the Field.
-
-The 94th Victoria Regiment, Argyll Highlanders, with Headquarters at
-Baddeck, Cape Breton, was at the commencement of hostilities perhaps the
-most distinctively Highland Battalion in the forces of the Empire,
-inasmuch as the Gaelic language was the mother tongue of eighty per
-cent. of its personnel. As a rural Battalion it is recognized as having
-sent more officers and men Overseas than any other similar Unit in
-Eastern Canada. All its original members, excepting those over age or
-physically unfit, were transferred to C.E.F. Units; many of them paid
-the supreme sacrifice, and a number of them were decorated for
-distinguished service.
-
-At 9.30 a.m., August 4, 1914, the Officer Commanding the Battalion,
-Lieut.-Col. J. D. McRae, received mobilization orders. The marching-out
-strength, including the Canso detachment, was 377 all ranks. The eight
-Companies were commanded by the officers, and proceeded to their
-different stations, on the dates named below:
-
-  “A” Co., Capt. D. P. McRae, Whitney Pier, Sydney           7th Aug.
-  “B” Co., Capt. D. A. McRae; Marconi Towers, Glace Bay      6th  „
-  “C” Co., Capt. A. J. McNeil, North Sydney                  5th  „
-  “D” Co., Capt. M. A. McLeod, Marconi Towers, Glace Bay     6th  „
-  “E” Co., Capt. M. D. McKeigan, Louisburg                   5th  „
-  “F” Co., Capt. R. Y. McKenzie, Lloyd’s Cove, Sydney Mines  7th  „
-  “G” Co., Capt. J. G. Johnstone, Canso                      5th  „
-  “H” Co., Capt. W. D. McKenzie, Sydney                      7th  „
-  Regimental Staff to Headquarters, 33 Charlotte St., Sydney 7th  „
-
-
-                          _Regimental Staff._
-
-            Lieut.-Col. J. D. McRae Officer Commanding.
-            Major J. S. McLean      Second in Command.
-            Major A. D. McRae       Junior Major.
-            Capt. W. G. McRae       Adjutant.
-            Lieut. A. J. McInnis    Instructor of Musketry.
-            Lieut. G. M. McNeil     Signalling Officer.
-            Major M. A. J. McDonald Quartermaster.
-            Major Dan McDonald      Medical Officer.
-            Capt. M. H. Morrison    Paymaster.
-
-
-                             _Lieutenants._
-
-             “A” Co., P. W. Anderson and J. A. Kiley.
-             “B” Co., W. W. Nicholson and F. J. McCharles.
-             “C” Co., A. J. McDonald and J. A. McDonald.
-             “D” Co., N. J. McDonald and A. N. McKenzie.
-             “E” Co., J. L. McKinnon and D. McKenzie.
-             “F” Co., D. McKinnon and D. McKenzie.
-             “G” Co., K. L. McKay and J. McIsaac.
-             “H” Co., A. McKinnon and J. D. McRae.
-
-Captain C. C. McIntosh was Chaplain of the Unit, but was not called out
-for service with it.
-
-During the years 1914 to 1918 the following officers, sixty in all. were
-transferred to C.E.F. Units:
-
-
-                               _Majors._
-
-                  M. W. Morrison and J. G. Johnstone.
-
-
-                              _Captains._
-
-                            D. A. McRae.
-                            K. L. McKay.
-                            M. D. McKeigan.
-                            J. McIsaac.
-                            W. G. McRae.
-                            W. W. Nicholson.
-                            D. McKinnon.
-                            A. McKinnon.
-
-
-                             _Lieutenants._
-
-                           A. J. McInnis.
-                           G. M. McNiel.
-                           J. D. McIntyre.
-                           W. J. Brothers.
-                           C. McDermid.
-                           G. B. Morley.
-                           J. W. Maddin.
-                           J. H. McIvor.
-                           C. F. Gallant.
-                           A. E. Wilcox.
-                           S. Schoefield.
-                           J. A. McDonald.
-                           David Neil.
-                           P. W. Anderson.
-                           J. D. McNiel.
-                           D. H. McKenzie.
-                           L. G. McCorrison.
-                           J. A. McKinnon.
-                           J. A. Rankin.
-                           C. Campbell.
-                           A. W. McLean.
-                           W. A. Livingstone.
-                           T. D. A. Purves.
-                           R. A. Pertus.
-                           G. D. Crowell.
-                           C. R. McKenzie.
-                           W. E. Beaton.
-                           M. J. Dryden.
-                           Alex. McDonald.
-                           A. H. Walker.
-                           C. Holland.
-                           R. Flemming.
-                           W. R. McAskill.
-                           A. M. Fraser.
-                           S. D. Morrison.
-                           C. W. Sutherland.
-                           D. N. McDonald.
-                           W. H. McConell.
-                           B. Campbell.
-                           F. J. McCharles.
-                           J. A. Holland.
-                           M. W. McKinnon.
-                           H. C. Verner.
-                           T. C. King.
-                           R. M. McDonald.
-                           M. J. McRae.
-                           A. S. Henry.
-                           D. S. Carey.
-                           J. B. Fraser.
-                           Theodore Chisholm.
-
-From a total of 344 other ranks who came out with the Battalion at the
-commencement of the War, 311 volunteered for service Overseas. It took
-time to train a sufficient number of recruits to replace these men, but
-within six months all had been transferred to C.E.F. Units and were on
-their way to France. Altogether the Battalion during its period of
-service sent 3,632 men to the Front, and it was a difficult matter at
-all times to retain a sufficient number of men to perform the necessary
-duties.
-
-The eight Companies of the Battalion were called upon to perform
-Garrison Guard and Outpost duties at important shipping points, wireless
-and cable stations, not only in Cape Breton but also at Canso. For
-defence purposes the troops at Marconi Towers, Glace Bay, Louisburg and
-Canso erected blockhouses and wire entanglements, built redoubts and dug
-trenches, in addition to carrying into effect a syllabus of training
-designed better to fit the men for their more strenuous work with the
-Expeditionary Force.
-
-The Battalion was demobilized June 29, 1918, and the following officers
-were transferred to “F” Company, 6th Battalion, Canadian Garrison
-Regiment, who assumed the duties previously performed by the 94th:—
-
-
-                          Capt. A. J. McNiel.
-
-
-                             _Lieutenants._
-
-                            J. A. McDonald.
-                            L. E. McDonald.
-                            J. D. McRae.
-                            A. J. McDonald.
-                            Dan McKenzie.
-                            Bert Campbell.
-                            J. R. Fraser.
-
-Major M. J. McDonald, Quartermaster, was employed as the representative
-of the A.D. of S. & T. in Cape Breton, and Major D. McDonald, Medical
-Officer, was attached to the A.D.M.S., Military District No. 6. The
-undermentioned officers were relieved from duty and returned to their
-homes:—
-
-     Lieut.-Col. A. D. McRae.
-     Major W. G. McRae.
-     Major J. Darke (attached from 4th P.E.I. Heavy Battery).
-     Capts. D. P. McRae, D. McKenzie, J. A. Kiley, J. L. McKinnon.
-     Lieuts. S. A. Reeves, J. D. Aucoin.
-
-N.C.O.’s and men in Class 1 of the Military Service Act, and those who
-were willing to be transferred, were handed over to “F” Company, 6th
-Battalion, C.E.F., for duty in Cape Breton.
-
-The following 94th officers transferred to C.E.F. Units were awarded
-decorations:—
-
-            Major P. W. Anderson    Military Cross.
-            Major M. D. McKeigan    French Croix de Guerre.
-            Capt. W. A. Livingstone Military Cross and Bar.
-            Capt. G. B. Morley      Military Cross.
-            Lieut. G. M. McNeil     Military Cross.
-            Lieut. W. E. Beaton     Military Cross.
-            Lieut. A. S. Henry      Military Cross.
-            Lieut. J. D. McIntyre   Military Cross.
-            Lieut. A. E. Wilcox     Military Medal.
-
-The following officers were killed in action or died of wounds:—
-
- Major P. W. Anderson, M.C.
- Capt. M. W. McKinnon.
- Capt. W. E. Beaton, M.C.
- Capt. Aubrey McKinnon.
- Lieutenants A. H. Walker, W. R. McAskill, J. A. McDonald, J. H. McIvor,
-    J. A. Holland, A. M. Fraser, R. A. Pertus.
-
-It is impossible at the present time to obtain a nominal roll of the
-N.C.O.’s and men who fell on the field of honor. The list is a long one,
-and in many Cape Breton homes, mothers, wives, sisters and sweethearts
-mourn with proud resignation the lads who will not return. Neither is it
-possible to obtain a complete list of decorations awarded. The summary
-that follows has been compiled from incomplete, unofficial sources:
-
-                           D.S.O.           1
-                           M.C.            14
-                           Bar to M.C.      2
-                           D.C.M.          15
-                           M.M.            79
-                           Bar to M.M.     10
-                           M.S.M.           4
-                           Despatches       3
-                           Croix de Guerre  2
-
-The undermentioned N.C.O.’s and men obtained commissions:
-
- Sergt. G. McL. Matheson (Major, 25th Bn.)  D.S.O., M.C., M.M.,
-                                              Despatches.
- Pte. Jas. A. Anderson (Capt., 85th Bn.)    M.C.
- Corp. C. J. Oram (Lieut., 25th Bn.)        M.C.
- Corp. D. A. Livingstone (Lieut., 25th Bn.) M.M.
- Corp. K. Morrison (Lieut., Can. Eng.)      M.M. and Bar.
- Pte. Thos. Toone (Lieut., Can. Eng.)       M.C., D.C.M., M.M.
- C. S.-M. R. Roberts (Lieut., 25th Bn.)     D.C.M.
- Pte. J. R. Burchell (Capt., 85th Bn.)      M.C. and Bar.
- Pte. H. N. McNeil (Capt., 85th Bn.)        M.C.
- Pte. W. V. McKinnon (Lieut., 25th Bn.)     M.M.
- Pte. M. Gray (Capt., Can. Eng.)            M.C., M.M.
-
-
-              _94th VICTORIA REGIMENT, ARGYLL HIGHLANDERS_
-
-Under the reorganization scheme of the Canadian Militia the 94th
-Regiment is wiped off the slate and is succeeded by the 1st Battalion,
-Cape Breton Highlanders (85th Battalion, C.E.F.). The officers, N.C.O.’s
-and men of the old Regiment, who served in it for years before the
-fateful summer of 1914, cannot view its passing without a certain
-measure of sadness and regret. The spirit of comradeship that existed
-among all ranks encouraged them to carry on through many difficulties in
-years of peace and enabled them at a few hours’ notice to proceed in
-full strength to their allotted stations, on the declaration of war.
-
-Inspired by the Regiment’s ancient motto, “Dileas d’on Bhrataich” (“True
-to the Flag”), every man who was physically fit, and many who were not,
-volunteered for service Overseas. They did their duty nobly and gave
-their country a full and overflowing measure of splendid service. The
-memory of our comrades whose mortal remains sleep in the stricken fields
-of France and Flanders will be held in affectionate recollection as long
-as life lasts. Of them the soldier poet of Nova Scotia, Dr. J. D. Logan,
-a sergeant of the 85th Battalion, who served with many officers and men
-transferred to that Unit from the 94th, writes:
-
-          “They gave the All that men can give;
-          They gave themselves that men might live,
-      They are Christ’s heroes. Lo, on their brows Love’s diadem!
-      O God of Righteous Battles, let it be well with them.”
-
-
-
-
-                            CHAPTER XXXVII.
-                       _THE COMPOSITE BATTALION._
-
-
-The Composite Battalion was formed at Halifax from Companies drawn from
-the Militia Regiments of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward
-Island to replace the Royal Canadian Regiment, which was transferred to
-Bermuda shortly after the outbreak of hostilities.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. H. L. CHIPMAN.]
-
-Companies consisting of three officers and fifty-six other ranks were
-supplied by the 67th, 69th, 71st, 74th, 75th, 76th, 82nd and 93rd
-Regiments, and arrived at Halifax on September 8th and 9th, 1914, taking
-over at once garrison duties from the 66th Regiment, P.L.F., which
-proceeded to York Redoubt for outpost duty.
-
-The following guards were furnished: Quarter Guard, Wellington Barracks;
-Gun Wharf; King’s Wharf; Lumber Yard; Station Hospital; Grain Elevator;
-North Ordnance; Dry Dock; Richmond Pier and Rockhead Hospital. Weekly
-Guards were also mounted at Fort Clarence, Fort Cambridge, Fort Ogilvie
-and Point Pleasant Battery.
-
-The Battalion was commanded by Lieut.-Col. A. E. Carpenter, R.C.R., with
-Capt. M. E. Roscoe as Adjutant:
-
-The Company officers were:—“A” Company (67th Regiment)—Capt. C. G.
-McLaughlin, later transferred to 64th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. C.
-Rideout, 145th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. C. E. Williams, 55th Battalion,
-C.E.F. “B” Company (69th Regiment)—Major Whitman, resigned and replaced
-by Capt. M. S. Parker, 112th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. S. McNeil; Lieut.
-J. C. Willett, 165th Battalion, C.E.F. “C” Company (71st Regiment)—Capt.
-H. Woodbridge, 55th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. C. A. Good, R.F.C.; Lieut.
-B. Wade, resigned and replaced by Lieut. F. Fitzpatrick, 55th Battalion,
-C.E.F. “D” Company (74th Regiment)—Capt. S. S. Wetmore, 55th Battalion,
-C.E.F.; Lieut. J. A. Sproul, resigned; Lieut. M. P. Gillis, 112th
-Battalion, C.E.F. “E” Company (75th Regiment)—Capt. W. L. Whitford, 25th
-Battalion, C.E.F.; Capt. A. Berringer, resigned; Lieut. C. C. Morash,
-112th Battalion, C.E.F. “F” Company (76th Regiment)—Capt. H. Dickie,
-resigned and replaced by Capt. W. H. J. Moxsom, 106th Battalion, C.E.F.;
-Lieut. O. G. Heard, 106th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. C. Major, 40th
-Battalion, C.E.F. “G” Company (82nd Regiment)—Major F. Boulter, later
-transferred to 105th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. A. McLeod, 105th
-Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. G. E. Full, 40th Battalion, C.E.F. “H” Company
-(93rd Regiment)—Major G. R. Oulton; Capt. J. N. McDonald, 106th
-Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. D. Anderson.
-
-In addition to the duties already enumerated, Guard was mounted over
-prisoners of war at the Citadel and at the Detention Barracks, Melville
-Island. The prisoners were German officers and men captured on the high
-seas, with a sprinkling of civilians, some of whom were found on
-captured ships; others were residents of Canada whom it was found
-necessary to intern.
-
-In March, 1915, the Interment Station at Amherst was opened, and two and
-one-half Companies under command of Major G. R. Oulton, with Capt. J. N.
-McDonald, Lieuts. Davidson and Sproul, were sent there, and were
-replaced by one Company from each of the following Regiments:—78th
-Regiment—Capt. J. A. McKenzie, later transferred to 85th Battalion,
-C.E.F.; Capt. J. R. Maxwell, 106th Battalion, C.E.F. 81st Regiment—Capt.
-E. S. Doering; Lieut. J. H. Wallace, 64th Battalion, C.E.F., killed in
-action; Lieut. W. W. Slack, 40th Battalion, C.E.F. 93rd Regiment—Capt.
-J. A. McPherson, 106th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. P. Boucher, 165th
-Battalion, C.E.F.
-
-Lieut. E. W. Joy reported for duty to replace Lieut. C. S. Major,
-transferred to 40th Battalion, and assumed the duties of Fortress
-Intelligence Officer. Other officers on duty were Major F. S. Heffernan
-(93rd), Quartermaster; Lieut. Keith Rogers (C.S.C.), Signalling Officer;
-and Lieut. R. Innes (81st), Musketry Instructor, afterwards O.C. 106th
-Battalion.
-
-Previous to July, 1916, each Company Commander had his own account with
-the District Paymaster and was responsible for all payments to his
-officers and men. When the Battalion was recognized as a Unit it was
-allowed a Paymaster. Capt. H. B. Verge received the appointment and
-retained it until transferred to the Nova Scotia Forestry Battalion in
-June, 1917, when Capt. W. S. Brignell took over his duties.
-
-The Battalion suffered considerably in the explosion of December 6,
-1917, losing six men killed and 87 per cent. of the N.C.O.’s and men
-injured. One officer and two N.C.O.’s died in hospital from injuries
-received. The more serious injuries were received by men on guard at
-Richmond Pier, North Ordnance and Dry Dock. All the men killed,
-excepting one, who was killed in the barrack room, were members of these
-Guards. A snowstorm with high wind which raged for thirty-six hours
-after the explosion made the barracks almost untenable, as windows and
-doors were gone and no fires could be laid until the chimneys were
-inspected. The morale of the men was good during this period. Many
-N.C.O.’s and men had their families living near the barracks, a large
-number of whom were killed and injured.
-
-The first draft of one hundred men from the Composite Battalion was sent
-Overseas in January, 1916, under command of Lieuts. W. S. Brown and O.
-Thorne. A second draft of fifty-six men, under command of Lieut. W. R.
-Clark, sailed on June 26, 1916. A number of men were transferred to the
-R.C.R. Base Depot from time to time and were included in Overseas drafts
-sent by that Unit.
-
-When the Military Service Act came in force in 1918, 125 men in the
-Composite Battalion, who came under its provisions, were sent Overseas.
-The remainder were transferred to the 6th Battalion, Canadian Garrison
-Regiment. All the senior officers were transferred to their Militia
-Units, with the exception of Major J. E. Morse, who was transferred to
-the 6th Battalion, C.G.R. The junior officers were transferred to the
-Depot Battalion, 1st Nova Scotia Regiment, excepting Lieut. W. H.
-Whidden and Lieut. I. C. Banks, who were taken on the strength of No. 6
-District Depot and appointed respectively O.C. Casualty Company and
-Discharge Section.
-
-The following officers were on duty when the Unit was
-disbanded:—Lieut.-Col. H. L. Chipman, Officer Commanding; Major G. R.
-Oulton, Second in Command; Major E. K. Eaton, R.C.R., Adjutant; Lieut.
-W. B. Arthur, Assistant Adjutant; Capt. W. W. Brignell, Paymaster; Major
-F. S. Heffernan, Quartermaster; Major D. G. Mossmain, O.C. “A” Company;
-Major F. Boulter, O.C. “B” Company; Major J. E. Morse, O.C. “C” Company;
-Capt. G. L. Whidden, O.C. “D” Company; Capt. S. L. McNiel, Lieut. W. L.
-Coleman, Lieut. R. J. Colwell, Lieut. H. C. Crosby, Lieut. C. McLellan,
-Lieut. J. R. Campbell, Lieut. W. E. Mitchell, Lieut. W. H. Whidden,
-Lieut. I. C. Banks.
-
-Other officers who had served with the Battalion in 1916 and 1917 were
-as follows:—Lieut. C. A. Vaughan, later transferred to 106th and
-resigned; Capt. A. Stirling, 145th; Lieut. W. Ross, 38th Battalion;
-Lieut. S. Rogers, R.C.R.; Lieut. St. C. Stayner, unattached; Lieut. S.
-Bradford, R.F.C.; Lieut. H. F. Arthur, R.N.A.S.; Lieut. R. Asher, R.F.C.
-
-The following officers of the R.C.R. also served: As Adjutant, Lieut. G.
-L. P. Grant Suttie, who replaced Capt. M. E. Roscoe, transferred to the
-219th Battalion, being later relieved by Capt. V. W. S. Heron, who in
-turn was relieved by Major Eaton.
-
-
-
-
-                            CHAPTER XXXVIII.
-            _THE 1st DEPOT BATTALION NOVA SCOTIA REGIMENT._
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. H. FLOWERS.]
-
-This Unit was authorized on September 25, 1917, for the purpose of
-looking after the draftees under the Military Service Act. Lieut.-Col.
-H. Flowers, formerly of the 64th and 25th Battalions, C.E.F., was
-appointed to command, with Lieut.-Col. D. S. Bauld, 25th, Second in
-Command. The original officers of this Unit were all officers with
-service at the Front in France, invalided home, and unable to return on
-account of various disabilities. It was due to this experience that they
-were able to handle this Unit, which eventually reached the proportions
-of a Brigade with credit to the Province of Nova Scotia and themselves.
-
-The strength of a Battalion is roughly 1,000 all ranks, and at times the
-strength of the 1st Depot Battalion, Nova Scotia Regiment, reached over
-5,000.
-
-The original senior officers were:
-
-                  Major F. L. Stephens 64th and 14th
-                  Major O. G. Heard    106th and 87th.
-                  Major W. McPherson   112th and 87th.
-                  Major G. L. Mott     64th and 13th.
-                  Major Stanley        C.F.A.
-
-Later the following were attached:
-
-             Major Inman                            105th.
-             Major W. Grant                         25th.
-             Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons              246th.
-             Adjutant, Captain Simpson              85th.
-             Paymaster, Capt. Geo. Farish           25th.
-             Quartermaster, Capt. W. St.C. Ingraham 25th.
-
-From time to time new officers who had not seen Overseas service were
-attached, and these were sent Overseas with drafts as soon as they could
-be gotten ready.
-
-The real work of the Unit commenced about February 1, 1918, because
-quarters for mobilization were not available earlier, on account of the
-destruction of property caused by the Halifax explosion in December,
-1917. The work was carried on at the Armories, Halifax, under most
-trying conditions. “A” Company was quartered at Charlottetown to take
-care of the Prince Edward Island draftees, and remained there doing this
-work until demobilized. “B” Company was moved to Amherst early in March,
-1918, remaining there until May 16th, when it joined the Battalion at
-Aldershot, Nova Scotia, the Companies in barracks at Halifax having
-moved to Aldershot on May 13th.
-
-From that date the work of the Unit was extremely strenuous. Draftees
-were ordered in at the rate of 250 daily, and the Camp soon assumed the
-appearance of a Brigade. The men were medically examined, inoculated,
-vaccinated, and their dental troubles administered to. They were
-clothed, trained, and when they had become sufficiently expert to form
-fours, were equipped and sent to England to complete the training so
-well begun here.
-
-This Unit dealt with all men coming under the Military Service Act, who
-were either ordered to report or were arrested for some default under
-the Act, and in this way about 14,000 men passed through the files of
-the Unit. Of course, there was considerable shrinkage, because many did
-not come up to the necessary physical standard, and because others
-became casualties. In all some 5,000 recruits were sent Overseas.
-
-The largest draft was one of 1,700. This draft paraded at 8 p.m. on
-August 3, 1918; the roll was called, documents checked, etc. The men
-were then dismissed and ordered to parade and entrain at 4.30 a.m. on
-August 4th. Every man of the 1,700 answered the roll call but one. He
-was late for parade but in time to entrain. His excuse was that he had
-been married after being dismissed the night previous. Under the
-circumstances the O.C. forgave his tardiness. This was the last draft to
-be sent. The War in Europe began to take on a more cheerful aspect; the
-farmers and fishermen were required for harvesting, etc., and some leave
-was given.
-
-In September the Unit moved back to the Halifax Common for winter
-quarters. November 11th the Armistice was signed, and almost immediately
-the welcome order to demobilize was received. By March, 1919, all the
-affairs of the Unit were a matter of history.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XXXIX.
-                          _“B” UNIT, M.H.C.C._
-
-
-In the spring of 1915, when the casualties of the Canadian Overseas
-Forces commenced returning to Canada, the best methods of dealing with
-them had to be considered. The first men to return were not for medical
-treatment. They were dealt with by the Discharge Depots at Halifax and
-Quebec. At these points the men received their discharge from the army,
-their tickets to their homes, a suit of civilian clothes, and the
-balance of pay due to them.
-
-Towards the fall of 1915 the sick and wounded commenced returning, at
-first in small numbers; and they were also dealt with by the Discharge
-Depots. Those not requiring further medical treatment were discharged
-and sent to their homes, with three months’ pay, paid in three monthly
-instalments. Those who required further medical treatment were also
-discharged, but were sent to the Convalescent Home nearest to their
-homes. These Convalescent Homes were small, and most of them were placed
-at the disposal of the Government by private individuals. They were all
-equipped by the Red Cross, I.O.D.E., and other local societies organized
-throughout Canada by the women of Canada. In the autumn of 1915 the
-Military Hospitals Commission was created, with authority to accept and
-administer these Homes. The powers of this Commission were almost
-unlimited as to their control, administration, and creation of Hospitals
-and Convalescent Homes for the treatment of Canada’s troops returning
-from Overseas.
-
-In the spring of 1916 the sick and wounded returned in great numbers,
-and the Military Hospitals Commission having foreseen this, was well
-prepared to receive them, having provided large Hospital and
-Convalescent Home accommodation throughout Canada from coast to coast.
-
-The question now before the Government was how were the men to be kept
-under discipline in these Hospitals and Convalescent Homes when the men
-were no longer soldiers, having received their discharge from the army
-when passing through the Discharge Depots at ports of arrival. It was
-finally decided that those who required further medical treatment would
-not receive their discharge on arrival, but would be forwarded to the
-Hospital or Convalescent Home nearest to their homes and these men would
-receive their discharge from the army when their medical treatment was
-brought to a finality.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR J. F. TAYLOR.]
-
-To take charge of the administration and discipline of these men, in the
-various Hospitals and Homes throughout the country, the Military
-Hospitals Commission Command was created in June, 1916, “B” Unit being
-the Unit charged with the administration of the Hospitals and Homes
-throughout the Maritime Provinces. The Officer Commanding this Unit
-during the whole period of its existence—two years—was Major J. F.
-Taylor, of Halifax, an officer who had done excellent service in the Pay
-Branch, and who was selected to command the Maritime Province Unit on
-account of his tact and business knowledge. Major Taylor organized and
-administered the affairs of “B” Unit in a highly efficient manner at all
-times, showing great sympathy to the men under his command. Owing to his
-great tact and business ability, the Unit was second to none in Canada.
-
-The duties performed by “B” Unit were manifold. Military discipline was
-adopted to a certain extent in all M.H.C.C. Institutions, but had to be
-administered with regard to circumstances. The officers saw only the
-aftermath of the terrible cataclysm enacted “over there,” and their
-hearts were absorbed in the work of repairing broken humanity.
-
-The personnel of the Staff of “B” Unit on March 1, 1917, was as follows:
-
-                 Major J. F. Taylor Officer Commanding.
-                 Capt. C. M. Mosher Adjutant.
-                 Capt. F. A. R. Gow Medical Officer.
-                 Captain Clarke     Quartermaster.
-                 Capt. A. A. Peachy Paymaster.
-
-On November 1, 1917, Capt. C. M. Mosher resigned as Adjutant and Capt.
-Walter Whitford was appointed to that office and carried on until “B”
-Unit was dissolved. In November, 1917, Capt. H. C. Sircom, a returned
-officer, was appointed Paymaster to succeed Capt. Peachy, who had been
-transferred to the Discharge Depot Command.
-
-The Hospitals and Convalescent Homes that were turned over to “B” Unit
-by the Military Hospital Commission consisted of the following:—
-
-        The Parks Convalescent Hospital St. John, N.B.
-        Ross Convalescent Hospital      Sydney, N.S.
-        Clayton Convalescent Home       Halifax, N.S.
-        Dalton Sanitarium               North Wiltshire, P.E.I.
-
-Ross Military Convalescent Home was presented to the M.H.C.C. by
-Commander and Mrs. J. K. L. Ross, of Sydney, C.B., on June 1, 1915.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. WALTER WHITFORD.]
-
-The personnel in each of these Hospitals were transferred to the
-M.H.C.C., and, with the exception of a few minor transfers, carried on
-in the same efficient manner that had characterized them from the
-organization of the M.H.C.C. By constructing and taking over other large
-buildings, the M.H.C.C. soon made adequate arrangements for dealing with
-the large number of soldiers returning from Overseas. Pier 2 having been
-taken over by the Militia Department for a Clearing Hospital, it was
-transferred to the M.H.C.C., February 15, 1917. Necessary alterations
-delayed the opening of this Hospital until April 1, 1917. Its worth as a
-Hospital was well demonstrated both while under the command of the
-M.H.C.C. and later under the command of the Clearing Services.
-
-Pine Hill Presbyterian Theological College, Halifax, was taken over by
-the M.H.C.C. as a Convalescent Hospital on March 1, 1917, and Capt. M.
-S. Hunt was placed in charge, with Major Philip Weatherbe, Senior
-Medical Officer, and Capt. John Cameron, Resident Medical Officer. Capt.
-Dexter McCurdy was also a member of the Medical Staff but was
-transferred on Overseas service in August, 1918. This Hospital, situated
-as it was, on the shores of the Northwest Arm, Halifax, proved a great
-boon to the returned convalescent soldiers. Its location adjoining Point
-Pleasant Park was an ideal one for the care and comfort of convalescent
-soldiers. There was an abundance of pure air, shady trees, and pleasant
-walks, and though quite removed from Halifax City and its noisy traffic,
-it was still sufficiently near to permit men able to walk to get a tram
-car running into the city, where they could enjoy a few hours with
-friends at a theatre or elsewhere. At the rear of the Home the waters of
-the Northwest Arm gave the men ample opportunity for boating, bathing
-and various other water sports, of which they took full advantage during
-the summer months. It is the unanimous opinion of the returned soldiers
-that Pine Hill was the _Ideal_ Convalescent Hospital in Nova Scotia.
-
-In May, 1917, the Moxham Convalescent Hospital at Sydney, C.B., was
-opened, with Major F. O’Neil in command. Major O’Neil who had been in
-command of the Ross Convalescent Home from December, 1916, was an
-efficient officer and discharged his duties in a very satisfactory
-manner.
-
-During the latter part of July, 1916, an arrangement was made with Dr.
-F. A. Miller, of the Kentville Sanitarium, to deal with tuberculosis
-patients; for a great number of the men returning from Overseas were
-pronounced tubercular. Within a very few days Kentville Sanitarium was
-full of patients, and although from time to time large additions were
-built to the Sanitarium, it was always taxed to its utmost capacity. In
-fact during the summer of 1917, many hospital tents were erected on the
-Sanitarium grounds, for the accommodation of tubercular patients, and
-when autumn with its cold winds became too severe, many patients had to
-be sent to their own homes, to be treated until room was available at
-the Sanitarium, when they were recalled. Great credit is due to Dr.
-Miller for the splendid manner in which he dealt with the patients under
-his control. Capt. A. G. Forster, a returned officer, was in charge of
-Administration and Discipline of the Kentville Sanitarium and was a
-conscientious, hard-working officer.
-
-On July 1, 1917, “B” Unit had on its strength 1,886 officers and other
-ranks all receiving medical treatment. About 50 per cent. of this number
-were out-patients, with home leave. These men were recalled to the
-Hospital from time to time as their physical condition demanded.
-
-About this time New Brunswick became a separate Military District, and
-it was decided to organize a separate M.H.C.C. Unit for New Brunswick.
-This was accordingly done, and the transfer of men and documents was
-completed in July, 1917.
-
-In the early spring of 1917 construction work was begun on a
-Convalescent Hospital at Camp Hill, Halifax, and by October 1, 1917, the
-building was completed sufficiently to receive patients. This hospital
-was fitted up with all modern medical appliances and proved a Godsend to
-the people of Halifax, when on December 6, 1917, the city was shocked by
-the terrific explosion.
-
-At the opening of Camp Hill Hospital, Lieutenant Blackwood was placed in
-charge by the M.H.C.C. and Major (now Lieut.-Col.) C. Morris was Senior
-Medical Officer. An efficient Staff was soon organized which carried on
-until the Hospital was transferred to the A.M.C. on December 6, 1917.
-Immediately after the explosion all patients able to walk were given
-home leave and the Hospital and Staff complete was turned over to the
-Medical Relief Commission for the purpose of dealing with the sufferers
-of the explosion.
-
-The writer of this article has visited Casualty Clearing Hospitals in
-Flanders on “Clearing Day” but never has he seen such human suffering as
-he saw at Camp Hill Hospital when he walked into the Hospital at 4 p.m.
-on December 6, 1917. The Hospital at Pier 2, also the offices of the
-M.H.C.C. were destroyed by the explosion. The Hospital was quickly
-rebuilt, but the offices were removed to Leith House, Hollis Street,
-Halifax, and these offices were retained until the Unit was disbanded.
-
-On March 31, 1918, the Military Hospitals Commission Command was
-disbanded by an Order-in-Council. The military end of the work was taken
-over by No. 6 District Depot, and the civilian end by the D.S.C.R. Final
-transfer of all equipment and records, etc., of the M.H.C.C. to No. 6
-District Depot was effected on April 18, 1918.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XL.
-                    _ACADIA UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR._
-
-
-In common with other universities in the Empire, Acadia emptied her
-halls when the call to duty came. Her ideals had always been those
-directly opposed to war, but to carry out these ideals, it was necessary
-to participate in it. Between six and seven hundred Acadia men and women
-enlisted. There was no definite Unit formed by the Acadia men, but they
-were found in all departments of the service. Sixty were in the Nova
-Scotia Highland Brigade, mostly in “D” Company, 219th Battalion; and
-their Platoon, number 13, won the Brigade trophy for efficiency. Ten
-students left Acadia at one time with the 4th Universities Company
-Reinforcements, Princess Patricia Canadian Light Infantry. The
-attendance at the University was cut down to about one half,
-notwithstanding the fact that the number of young women remained
-constant. The Freshman class was unusually large, but as soon as the age
-of eighteen was reached, practically no fit man remained. Of the Acadia
-students, sixty-three lost their lives in service, sixty-two young men
-and one young woman.
-
-We have no definite figures concerning honors, but about eighty were
-conferred on Acadia men, one of which was the coveted Victoria Cross,
-the only one awarded to a college man in the Maritime Provinces, and, in
-fact, the only one awarded to a Maritime Province Unit. One of our
-Acadia men had the distinction of being the youngest Lieutenant-Colonel
-in the British Army, commanding the 10th Alberta when twenty-six years
-of age. He received the D.S.O. and two Bars, the Military Cross, was
-five times mentioned in dispatches, and was recommended for the Victoria
-Cross. The only colored chaplain in the British Army was an Acadia man.
-In addition to those who enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force,
-we had a number who enlisted with the Americans, and still others who
-enlisted with the British, all of whom gave splendid account of
-themselves.
-
-When the War broke out, there was a branch of the C.O.T.C. at Acadia,
-but it went out of business early because practically every member
-enlisted. The officer in charge of the C.O.T.C. for Military District
-No. 6 told me that a larger number of C.O.T.C. men went from Acadia than
-from any other Maritime University. Since the War, many students have
-returned to the University to complete their work, and, without
-exception, they are making excellent records. Acadia has offered one
-year’s free tuition to returned men, being the only university in Canada
-to do that.
-
-In 1919, the returned men at Acadia met, and, after consultation,
-decided that something should be done in the way of a Memorial for those
-who had given their lives in the War. The suggestion was made that this
-memorial should take the form of a Gymnasium, typifying the splendid
-physical condition, the manly vigor, and sporting spirit of the boys who
-went Overseas.
-
-In 1914 our Gymnasium had been destroyed by fire, and a committee of
-eight young men had been appointed to raise funds for a new Gymnasium.
-Of these eight, six had dropped the burden of responsibility of the
-Gymnasium and had gone to war, one of whom was killed at Passchendaele.
-It seemed most fitting that their work should be carried out by those
-who were left, and the next of kin of all those who had given their
-lives were consulted, and agreed to the proposal.
-
-As a result, this Gymnasium is now in process of construction, and will
-be a building in every way suitable as a Memorial for those boys who
-have fallen. On May 26, 1920, General Sir Arthur W. Currie, G.C.M.G.,
-K.C.B., D.S.O., formerly Commander of the Canadian Corps in France, laid
-the corner stone of the new Gymnasium and delivered an address on that
-occasion.
-
-While we feel that Acadia’s part in the War was no more than it should
-have been, we are justly proud of the willing sacrifice, the ready
-response, and the splendid record made by our Acadia men.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XLI.
-                  _DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR._
-
-
-The activities of Dalhousie University in connection with the Great War
-may be considered under the following headings, (1) The Activities of
-the C.O.T.C.; (2) The Dalhousie University Stationary Hospital No. 7,
-C.E.F.; (3) Activities of the Staff; (4) Independent Undergraduate
-Enlistment.
-
-THE OFFICERS’ TRAINING CORPS.—Great Britain was forced to declare war on
-Germany on August 4, 1914; so that when the University session of 1914
-opened, it was under war conditions. The earliest corporate war effort
-of Dalhousie University was a mass meeting in the Law Library, held on
-October 16, 1914, for the purpose of taking steps to form an O.T.C. The
-chair was taken by Earle C. Phinney, at that time President of the
-Council of Students. The meeting, which was most enthusiastic, was
-addressed by President Mackenzie, G. S. Campbell, Chairman of the Board
-of Governors, and by Major W. E. Thompson, Secretary of the Board. It
-was ultimately agreed to ask Major Thompson to organize an O.T.C.; and
-all those willing to co-operate were invited to sign the roll.
-Ninety-two names were given in at once on the conclusion of the meeting;
-of these, five were whole-time Professors. Drill began at once in the
-South End Rink, Sergeant-Major Graham of the Permanent Staff being
-instructor.
-
-Some of the original officers were:
-
-                   Major W. E. Thompson, O.C.
-                   Capt. D. Fraser Harris, Adjutant.
-                   Capt. Murray MacNeill.
-                   Capt. D. A. MacRae.
-                   Capt. George Henderson.
-                   Capt. A. W. Cogswell.
-
-Each was in command of a Platoon.
-
-Alumni and business men interested were permitted to join, and there was
-so much activity in the autumn of 1914 that by the middle of December
-the Corps was ready to be inspected by General Sir Sam Hughes, Minister
-of Militia. The inspection took place on December 18th in the South End
-Skating Rink. The maximum strength during the first winter session was
-close on 200. On May 4, 1915, the Corps was inspected by General
-Rutherford, commanding the Garrison. Lectures continued well on into the
-summer of 1915.
-
-By the session of 1916 Professor John Cameron, of London, had been
-appointed to the Campbell Memorial Chair of Anatomy in Dalhousie
-University, and having had a considerable amount of military experience
-both with the Volunteer Artillery in Scotland and with Infantry
-Volunteers in England, was well qualified to take command of the O.T.C.,
-Major Thompson, as Lieutenant-Colonel, having been appointed to the
-Headquarters Staff as A.A.G. of Military District No. 6. This Professor
-Cameron did with the rank of Major, and retained the command and gave
-most of the systematic instruction during the remainder of the existence
-of the Corps. By arrangement with Colonel Papineau, commanding the
-R.S.I., candidates for commissions were examined at Wellington Barracks.
-In this way a considerable number of members of the O.T.C. obtained
-commissions and were enabled to proceed Overseas with the various Units
-which were being formed as the War progressed. No less than seven
-officers who had passed through the D.U.C.O.T.C. went Overseas with the
-219th Battalion of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. Practically every
-able-bodied male student was a member of the O.T.C. during the first
-winter session; and no less than twenty-five members of it were students
-from the affiliated Presbyterian College at Pine Hill.
-
-The session of 1916–17 was a very strenuous one. Drill took place in the
-evenings at the newly-erected Market Building at the head of Duke
-Street, Major Cameron superintending the drill and also giving lectures
-either there or in the rooms of the Board of Trade. During each winter
-firing practice was systematically carried out at the miniature ranges
-erected in the Engineering Laboratory of the Technical College. In
-March, 1917, the Corps was inspected in the Market Building by Major
-Cooper of the R.S.I. The O.T.C. is still in existence ready to become
-active again as soon as the University is in possession of a drill hall.
-
-STATIONARY HOSPITAL UNIT.—The origin of No. 7 Stationary Hospital was
-the desire of the Medical Faculty of the University to serve their
-country in the Great War. Early in September, 1914, an offer was made to
-provide the personnel of a Casualty Clearing Station; this offer was
-renewed in the spring of 1915, but the Federal Government was not at
-that time in a position to accept it.
-
-It was very generally felt that the only School of Medicine in the
-Maritime Provinces ought to have a representation on the Canadian
-Expeditionary Force. Those who were the most active in renewing the
-offer were Major George M. Campbell, Major C. V. Hogan, and Capts. J. R.
-Corston, M. A. MacAulay, L. M. Murray and F. V. Woodbury. The Government
-accepted the offer on September 27, 1915. On November 1st, the old
-Medical College building was occupied as rooms for headquarters, and
-enlistment and training began. On December 16th the Unit was inspected
-by General Benson, G.O.C., and by Col. J. A. Grant, A.D.M.S., Military
-District No. 6. On December 31st the Hospital sailed from St. John,
-N.B., on _H.M.S. Metagama_, arriving at Plymouth on January 10, 1916. On
-February 5th the Unit took over Shorncliffe Military Hospital, and on
-June 18, 1916, embarked for France.
-
-The personnel of the Dalhousie Hospital Unit was made up as follows:
-O.C., Lieut.-Colonel John Stewart, Majors E. V. Hogan and L. M. Murray,
-Capts. M. A. MacAulay, V. N. MacKay, K. A. MacKenzie, E. K. MacLellan,
-S. J. MacLennan, D. A. MacLeod, J. A. Murray, John Rankine, Frank V.
-Woodbury, Karl F. Woodbury, Lieut. S. R. Halcom, Lieut, and
-Quartermaster Walter Taylor. The Matron was Miss L. M. Hubley, and there
-were twenty-six nursing sisters. Of all other ranks there were one
-hundred and twenty-three men. Sixteen additional men were taken on at
-Shorncliffe, England.
-
-The Unit arrived home from active service early in the morning of St.
-George’s Day, 1919, on the _S.S. Belgic_; in the evening they were
-entertained at dinner at the Green Lantern in Halifax. Col. John Stewart
-who returned a little later was entertained at a dinner given in his
-honor on June 20, 1919.
-
-ACTIVITIES OF THE STAFF: I. _The Faculty of Arts and Science._—The only
-full-time Professor in the Senate to go Overseas on active service was
-Professor James Eadie Todd, M.A., who saw service with the B.E.F. in
-India and in Mesopotamia. Professor Todd, who remained with the troops
-until the end of the War, did not return to Dalhousie University.
-Professor Howard Murray, LL.D., during the first year of the War, was a
-member of the O.T.C. Professor MacNeill during the first year of the War
-had command of a Platoon in the O.T.C. Professor J. N. Finlayson, M.Sc.,
-entered the O.T.C. at its formation and qualified for a commission in
-the infantry. Mr. J. W. Logan, M.A., went Overseas as Captain in the
-25th Canadian Infantry Battalion, attained his majority in June, 1916,
-and.saw service in France until the end of the War. The Rev. H. A. Kent,
-M.A., D.D., having passed through the O.T.C. obtained his Captain’s
-commission on March 1, 1916, and went Overseas as a combatant in the
-219th Battalion of the Nova Scotia Highlanders. Captain Kent saw service
-until September, 1917, when he was transferred to the Chaplain Service,
-in which he acted as Adjutant. He was also engaged in educational work
-in London until he returned to Canada in May, 1919. Mr. Harry Dean,
-Examiner in Music, had command of a Platoon in the O.T.C., and qualified
-for a commission in the infantry.
-
-II. _The Faculty of Law._—The Dean of the Faculty of Law, Professor D.
-A. MacRae, Ph.D., joined the O.T.C. and had command of a Platoon during
-the first session. Mr. John E. Read, B.C.L. (Oxon.), B.A. (Dal.), Rhodes
-Scholar, Lecturer on Real Property, enlisted in the 25th Battalion in
-November, 1914, but was immediately transferred to the Canadian Field
-Artillery, and took an officer’s training course at the Royal School of
-Artillery, Kingston. In February, 1915, Mr. Read joined the 23rd Battery
-of the C.F.A. at Fredericton and immediately proceeded Overseas. In July
-he was transferred to the Divisional Artillery (1st Canadian Division)
-and served in the 4th, 8th and 26th Batteries as Lieutenant, being
-promoted to the rank of Captain in July, 1916, on his transference to
-the 27th Battery. While Captain Read was Acting-Major he was wounded in
-January, 1917. From May, 1917, to March, 1918, he was Senior Gunnery
-Instructor at the Canadian School of Gunnery, being invalided to Canada
-in April, 1918. Captain Read was mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig’s
-dispatches in June, 1917.
-
-III. _Faculty of Medicine._—After Professor Cameron relinquished the
-command of the O.T.C. he reverted to the rank of Captain, and entering
-the C.A.M.C. became Resident Physician of the Military Hospital which
-had been installed in the Presbyterian College at Pine Hill, Halifax.
-
-Professor A. G. Nicholls, who attained the rank of Major, entered the
-C.A.M.C. as Captain and discharged the duties of Chief Bacteriologist,
-Serologist and Sanitary Officer for the Halifax Garrison. Dr. W. H.
-Hattie, with rank of Captain, saw service with the C.A.M.C. in Halifax.
-Professor Fraser Harris, with rank of Captain, acted as Adjutant to the
-O.T.C. as long as that Corps remained in activity. The governors could
-not see their way to granting his request for leave of absence for
-Overseas service. Besides addressing recruiting meetings, Professor
-Harris gave courses of instruction in First Aid, under the auspices of
-the St. John Ambulance Association, to large classes of men, both in the
-service and to civilians, to women students and to cadets.
-
-The following members of the Staff gave their services in the C.A.M.C.
-in connection with the Halifax Garrison: Colonels George M. Campbell and
-M. A. Curry; Capts. W. Bruce Almon, M. J. Carney, J. S. Corston, J. F.
-Lawlor, G. A. Macintosh, Philip Weatherbe and Hugh Schwartz.
-
-IV. _The Faculty of Dentistry._—Although the health of the Dean of this
-Faculty, Dr. Frank Woodbury, precluded him from entering military
-service, both his sons were able to go Overseas. The elder, Frank
-Valentine, who at the outbreak of the War was already acting D.A.D.M.S.
-in Military District No. 6, with the rank of Captain, was immediately
-mobilized. This appointment he resigned to become Adjutant in the No. 7
-Stationary Hospital, C.E.F., in 1915.
-
-In August, 1916, Captain Woodbury was appointed to No. 3 Canadian
-Intrenching Battalion, and in August, 1916, proceeded to the Front at
-Ypres with that Unit. Later he was posted to the 9th Canadian Field
-Ambulance, and saw service at Ypres, on the Somme, at Vimy and at Loos.
-Having been promoted, Major Woodbury was recalled to headquarters at
-London for Staff duty. He was ultimately appointed A.D.M.S. with the
-rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, returning to Ottawa for duty in November,
-1919.
-
-Dr. A. W. Cogswell, Professor of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics,
-joined the O.T.C. in November, 1914, and as Captain had command of a
-Platoon.
-
-Dr. George Kerr Thomson, Professor of Crown and Bridgework and Ceramics
-and Oral Hygiene, at the outbreak of the War, held the rank of Captain
-in the 63rd Halifax Rifles. Later he was transferred to the C.A.D.C. and
-appointed Assistant Director of Dental Services in Military District No.
-6. When, early in 1915, Sir Sam Hughes ordered the organization of the
-C.A.D.C. Major Thomson was made First Director of Dental Services. In
-1916 the Dental Services at Valcartier Camp were organized by Major
-Thomson with the assistance of Captain F. H. Bradley of Military
-District No. 4. Dr. W. W. Woodbury, Professor of Orthodontia, who had
-been appointed Captain in the C.A.D.C. in May, 1918, proceeded to
-Aldershot Camp, where as A.D.D.S. for the Camp he had charge of all the
-Dental Services there. In October, 1918, Dr. Woodbury was posted for
-special duty at McNab’s Island, where he remained until January, 1919,
-when he was appointed to Camp Hill Hospital, to superintend the dental
-treatment of returned soldiers. He remained at this centre until general
-demobilization on November 15, 1919.
-
-_Undergraduate Enlistment._—From the very first hour of the War, the
-attention of the undergraduates had been directed to joining the
-Canadian Expeditionary Force. Up to the date of the Armistice five
-hundred and eighty members of the University had enlisted for military
-or naval service, either Overseas or in Canada. Of these, sixty-seven
-are known to have lost their lives, and forty-four to have received
-decorations for distinguished service. Of those who were decorated, five
-lost their lives. The decorations are as follows:
-
-                     D.S.O.          3
-                     D.C.M.          3, 1 with Bar
-                     O.B.E.          2
-                     M.M.            4
-                     M.C.            32, 2 with Bar
-                     Croix de Guerre 1
-
-These do not include decorations awarded to members of the Staff.
-
-The names of those winning the D.S.O. are: John Keeller MacKay of Pictou
-(Law ’13–’15), Colonel and O.C. 22nd Battalion 6th Howitzer Brigade,
-B.E.F. J. Layton Ralston (Law ’02–’03) Amherst, Colonel and O.C. of the
-85th Battalion, C.E.F. Barry Wentworth Roscoe, of Kentville (LL.B. ’04),
-Major 5th C.M.R., C.E.F.
-
-At the outbreak of the War the University had on its books 398 students,
-of whom 90 were women. Of the 308 male students of the session 1914–15
-by the end of the session practically every third man had enlisted for
-military service.
-
-So many students left the Presbyterian Theological College, Pine Hill,
-Halifax, as to make it only the shadow of its former self. In the
-session of 1914–15 as many as twenty-five students from Pine Hill were
-drilling with the O.T.C.; thirteen men from this College ultimately saw
-service Overseas.
-
-Of students of Engineering in the session of 1914–15, twenty-one were
-enrolled in the O.T.C.
-
-Of Law students twenty-two were on the roll of the O.T.C. during the
-first session.
-
-One cannot write of what Dalhousie University did in the War without a
-few words as to what she suffered. The only son of the Chairman of the
-Board of Governors, Mr. G. S. Campbell, LL.D., Lieut. George Henderson
-Campbell, was killed near Ypres in May, 1916. He had graduated B.A. in
-the previous May, and was within only two days of his 21st birthday. Two
-Rhodes Scholars lost their lives in the Great War, namely: Walter
-Melville Billman (B.A. ’13), Lieut. 1st Middlesex Regiment, B.E.F.; and
-Harry Austin MacCleave (B.A. ’16), Lieut. 13th Montreal Highlanders,
-C.E.F. While the accidental death of the young, the healthy and the
-brave is always a poignant sorrow, the passing of those who are also the
-finest products of the academic culture of their day is a catastrophe of
-the first magnitude.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XLII.
-         _KING’S COLLEGE AND KING’S COLLEGE SCHOOL IN THE WAR._
-
-
-The University of King’s College at Windsor, N.S., has always been small
-in numbers, but always big in the spirit it has displayed and in the
-type of men it has fostered.
-
-It was founded in 1789—the oldest University in the British Dominions
-beyond the Seas—by United Empire Loyalists, by men who readily gave up
-all they possessed in a material sense rather than forsake their
-allegiance to an ideal. It is not surprising then that at all times
-there have been King’s men ready to answer the King’s call and that the
-names of men such as Inglis and Welsford are held in special reverence
-by their _Alma Mater_.
-
-The spirit of loyal service and sacrifice that has actuated King’s men
-was at once evident in her sons when the Great Call came in 1914, and
-King’s has every reason to be proud of her record of loyalty and
-devotion in the Great War. More than four hundred of her sons were at
-the King’s side during that fierce struggle for freedom.
-
-In 1914 there were at least twelve King’s men, including seven Generals,
-holding commissions in the Imperial Army and the Canadian Permanent
-Forces.
-
-Fourteen volunteers sailed with the First Contingent of the Canadian
-Expeditionary Force, four of whom were killed in action. The first
-King’s man to make the Great Sacrifice was Capt. G. L. B. Concanon, who
-was killed in the Dardanelles Campaign while serving with the 2nd
-Battalion of Australian Infantry.
-
-In the Second Contingent were some thirty-five students and graduates of
-the College and a number of “Old Boys” of the School.
-
-Amongst the notable enlistments from College during the War were the
-nine who volunteered for service in the Cycle Corps of the 2nd
-Contingent, and some twenty, mostly students, who enlisted together in
-the 193rd Battalion, Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. This latter
-represented an enlistment of about 50 per cent. of the student body then
-in residence at King’s College and included one of her Professors.
-
-During the period of the War the largest number of male students in
-attendance at King’s College was forty-eight, and this number was
-reduced to a few physically unfit men in 1917, and yet sixty-seven
-students actually enlisted from the College, and ten of them made the
-supreme sacrifice. In all twenty-three King’s men fell in action on the
-Field of Honor.
-
-So reduced was the student body that when the Military Service Act came
-into effect there was not one physically fit student left to come under
-the provisions of that Act.
-
-Early in 1915 a contingent of the Canadian Officers’ Training Corps was
-organized at King’s College under Professor Sturley as Officer
-Commanding, and did very useful work not only amongst the students at
-College, but also amongst the young men of Windsor, the seat of King’s
-College. Its active life, however was short, for within about twelve
-months of its organization practically the whole of the personnel of the
-Corps had enlisted for Overseas Service.
-
-Amongst the honors gained by King’s men during the War were:
-
-            O. B. Jones      D.S.O.
-            J. P. Silver     D.S.O., C.B.E.
-            C. Hill          D.S.O.
-            C. R. E. Willets D.S.O.
-            H. A. Kaulback   O.B.E.
-            A. E. Andrew     M.C.
-            G. D. Campbell   M.C.
-            R. H. Morris     M.C.
-            C. V. Strong     M.C.
-            C. Campbell      M.C.
-            W. G. Ernst      M.C. and Bar.
-            G. B. Murray     M.C.
-            R. H. Tait       M.C.
-            D. L. Teed       M.C.
-            P. L. Parlee     D.C.M.
-            W. E. Warburton  D.C.M.
-            G. L. Jones      D.C.M.
-            C. Blanchard     M.M.
-            T. W. Maynard    M.M.
-            H. R. Poole      Legion of Honor.
-            R. H. Stewart    Order of St. George of Russia.
-            G. F. Mason      Croix de Guerre.
-
-Of the many who distinguished themselves by gallant service, whether
-officially recognized or not, the record of a few of the younger
-generation must suffice as typical of all.
-
-Two of the first students to enlist were Edward Jeffery and George
-Mason. They enlisted together in the ranks of the First Contingent, 17th
-Battalion, and went over to France together with the 14th Battalion, 1st
-Canadian Division. For sixteen months they fought side by side—all
-through the terrible winter of 1914–1915 in the Ypres Salient—and came
-through that fiery ordeal unscathed. They returned to England together
-for their commissions, training together at Crowborough. Mason returned
-to France almost immediately after the course, but Jeffery was taken ill
-and was operated on for appendicitis; and it was not till April, 1918,
-that he was again sent to France. In June, 1918, he joined his new
-Battalion, 16th Canadian Scottish, and found himself posted to a Company
-commanded by Mason, now a Captain. So they were together again in
-France. On the night of the 26th September Jeffery received his first
-wound, but it proved fatal, and the next day he was laid to rest at
-Ligny St. Frochel, near St. Pol. Only four days later, on October 1st,
-his great chum followed, and so these two, who for four long years had
-borne the burden and strife of the Great War with what seemed charmed
-lives, were reunited once more in that land where there is no more
-parting and no more strife.
-
-Arthur Leigh Collett, B.A., had left King’s for Oxford as a Rhodes
-Scholar, but at once forsook his work at Oxford and enlisted in the
-Imperial Army. He served in France as a Lieutenant with the 8th
-Gloucesters, and in the autumn of 1915, in the Battle of Messines Ridge
-he was reported missing and later believed killed. Others from his
-Battalion reported missing at the same time were later reported as
-prisoners of war in Germany. There is little doubt that Collett fought
-gallantly facing the odds and choosing to meet death rather than to
-cease for a moment, while life lasted, from striving for the ideals of
-justice and righteousness.
-
-A. B. C. Hilbert was one of the most popular students and one of the
-best athletes at King’s. Enlisting with the Cycle Corps he transferred
-to the Royal Naval Air Service on reaching England. In July, 1917, he
-wrote: “I am at present resting after a twenty-two weeks’ illness due to
-a little ducking I got in the North Sea. I am flying again in August.”
-In October came the news that he had fallen a second time in the North
-Sea, and now there he rests with many other gallant sons of Britain.
-
-Of the others who enlisted with him in the Cycle Corps, Turnbull and
-McCormick rest in soldiers’ graves in Flanders; Crawford died in
-hospital ere he saw the foe; Foster and Parlee are back with us at
-King’s, and though Parlee has lost a leg, his breast is adorned with
-that proud emblem of bravery, the Distinguished Conduct Medal; Brittain
-has recovered from his serious wounds and is serving the King of Peace;
-Harley, Hallett and the rest are giving the same good account of
-themselves that they always gave as loyal sons of King’s.
-
-George Stewart Burchell was one of that little band who enlisted
-together with the 193rd Battalion, Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, and
-joined the 85th Battalion in France. He was one of the most promising of
-the younger sons of King’s, a clever, manly, gentlemanly young fellow.
-He fought for the cause of liberty and right and now rests in a
-soldier’s grave in France.
-
-In the records of the King’s College Advance Movement is the entry,
-“George Stewart Burchell, killed at the Front, his pay at his request,
-$100.” May King’s never cease to honor the memory of this loyal and
-gallant son.
-
-W. B. Ernst enlisted as a private in the 193rd Battalion, rose to the
-rank of Captain in the 85th Battalion, and was awarded the Military
-Cross and Bar. Ernst has not rested on his laurels, and since his return
-here has shown that in the field of scholarship, too, he will take no
-second place, and has captured the Rhodes Scholarship from the Province
-of Nova Scotia. King’s will ever have reason to be proud of the records
-of Ernst, so affectionately known as “Bill.”
-
-Of others whom King’s will always delight to honor may be mentioned
-Capt. D. L. Teed, M.C., and Gunner L. Wilkinson, who fell gallantly
-serving their guns, Lieut. W. E. Warburton, D.CM., rewarded for his
-bravery in the Dardanelles, Lieut.-Col. C. R. E. Willets, D.S.O., the
-gallant and popular Commanding Officer of the R.C.R. in France, and now
-commanding the famous “Princess Pats,” Cecil Blanchard, M.M., who was
-too young to enlist except as a bugler, but not too young to show that
-he came of loyal fighting stock; and the Campbell brothers, six of whom
-saw active service, and two of whom, Colin and Kenneth, lie “out there,”
-somewhere in France.
-
-Though these records are brief and unworthy may they suffice to show
-that the true spirit of King’s still lives in her sons, and that they,
-as of old, have upheld nobly her best traditions and realized in some
-measure her ideals of service,
-
-                      _“DEO, LEGI, REGI, GREGI.”_
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XLIII.
-              _ST. FRANCIS XAVIER UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR._
-
-
-In the Great War students, past and present, of St. Francis Xavier
-University served in every branch of the Forces of Canada, and in the
-armies and navies of Great Britain, France and America. But it is the
-especial pride of St. Francis Xavier to have furnished a complete Unit,
-if a small one, of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces. The Unit was
-officially known as No. 9 Stationary Hospital, C.A.M.C.
-
-This Unit was organized in November, 1915, and was for some time
-quartered in the University itself. It left Canada for the United
-Kingdom in June, 1916, and proceeded to France in November of the
-following year. Till April, 1918, it was stationed at St. Omer, but the
-great German offensive of that spring made necessary its withdrawal to
-Etaples, where it became part of the hospital system of the main British
-base.
-
-In the notorious bombardment of May 18, 1918, No. 9 was the first
-hospital to be attacked, and suffered severely. Its premises were
-completely destroyed, and more than forty per cent. of its personnel
-became casualties. Towards the end of 1918, the status of the St.
-Francis Xavier Unit was raised to that of a General Hospital. It
-returned to Canada in July, 1919, and upon the reorganization of the
-Military Forces of Canada, was preserved as an integral part of the
-Active Militia.
-
-More than three hundred and fifty Xavierians joined the colors.
-Thirty-three were killed, or died on active service. The following
-decorations were won by students or alumni of the University:
-
-                          C.M.G.            1
-                          D.S.O.            4
-                          M.C.             11
-                          First Bar, M.C.   1
-                          Second Bar, M.C.  1
-                          O.B.E.            1
-                          D.C.M.            3
-                          M.M.              5
-                          M.S.M.            1
-
-Three professors of the Faculty of the University saw active service in
-the Canadian, Imperial and American Forces respectively; two were
-severely wounded and one received the Military Cross.
-
-In Canada during the War St. Francis Xavier took a becoming part in the
-forefront of every patriotic activity. A contingent of the Canadian
-Officers’ Training Corps was gazetted in April, 1915. Training had
-hardly been begun when the Corps lost the majority of its officers by
-enlistment and with the numbers of students continually dwindling—at one
-commencement a single individual presented himself for graduation—it
-became impossible to continue parades.
-
-In every branch of war work pursued in the neighborhood of Antigonish,
-the locale of the University, the lead was taken by members of the Staff
-of St. Francis Xavier. The chairman of the local committee for the
-Patriotic Fund, the Antigonish County Organizer of the Victory Loan
-Campaign, and the Director of the re-establishment activities of the
-Knights of Columbus over a wide area of Eastern Nova Scotia, were
-professors of the University. In connection with the patriotic work of
-the Knights of Columbus, it may be mentioned St. Francis Xavier did its
-full share in the launching of the Dominion-wide campaign, which made it
-possible for this body to perform its splendid services to our troops at
-the scene of war. In brief in St. Francis Xavier, as in all the
-universities of the land, it was the aim of all compelled to “carry on”
-at home to become, by patriotic endeavor and sacrifice, not unworthy of
-those who went from it to fight their country’s and the Empire’s
-battles.
-
-  _Editor’s Note._—No. 9 Stationary Hospital Unit is more fully dealt
-  with in Chapter xxvi.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XLIV.
-             _THE PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE AND THE GREAT WAR._
-
-
-Ministers of the Gospel are the avowed ambassadors of the Prince of
-Peace; and it is so constantly their task to allay the passions of the
-human heart and to preach universal love, particularly in their appeals
-for foreign missions, that many people felt that their ideal was at
-variance with the spirit of war and were prepared to find students for
-the ministry offering for other forms of patriotic service than fighting
-in the line. The extraordinary response of theological colleges and of
-sons of the manse all over the Empire showed how mistaken this idea had
-been. The message of the Cross and the call to self-sacrifice had quite
-the opposite effect. Young men who were going to be preachers
-experienced a new sense of responsibility; they knew that they could not
-consistently call others to a life of service and suffering, if they
-were not prepared themselves to lead the way. This is the attitude that
-prevailed among the students at Pine Hill, which is the oldest
-Presbyterian Theological College in Canada, and which will celebrate in
-1920 its centenary.
-
-The intensity of this conviction surprised every one on the parade
-ground of the South End Rink, Halifax, when Col. W. E. Thompson
-organized the O.T.C. of Dalhousie University. The large majority of the
-students in residence at Pine Hill were there. The Divinity classes open
-late, and thus many had been in the city only a few days when this call
-came in the beginning of November, 1914. Colonel Thompson has on several
-public occasions paid a fine tribute to these theological men; and they
-in return frankly acknowledge how much they were moved by the frank and
-earnest appeal of the Colonel himself.
-
-The O.T.C. was but a voluntary and preliminary phase of the grave
-decision; but it had a most stimulating effect, and nearly all the
-students who joined its ranks found themselves ultimately in active
-service. Right on the heels of the O.T.C. came the formation of a small
-Cycle Corps Unit, to which three from Pine Hill were admitted, the first
-to enlist for Overseas. This Unit was almost entirely made up of
-students, and its advent in Halifax was celebrated by a dinner given in
-the residence at Pine Hill. The dining hall was crowded. Colonel
-Thompson and Colonel Grant, A.D.M.S., spoke; the impression made was
-very deep; and probably at that hour a large number made up their minds
-to join the colors. The impression was intensified by the dramatic
-announcement in the course of the dinner of the splendid sea victory at
-Falkland Islands, the news of which had just come over the wire.
-
-Before the year was out there came an urgent appeal for an Ambulance
-Corps, and fifteen responded. Few of them stayed long in the Army
-Medical Corps after they got across, but asked for transfers to fighting
-units, in which they played their part nobly, and where some of them
-laid down their lives.
-
-Early in 1915 the 6th Mounted Rifles were formed and eight more joined,
-going to England in July. In the summer four others enlisted in the No.
-7 Overseas Hospital (The Dalhousie) Unit; and in the winter, 1915–16,
-five enlisted in the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade and five in the
-artillery. By the second anniversary of the War the great bulk of the
-Divinity students had entered the army, and most of these were already
-Overseas.
-
-Below is given a list of the names and of the Units to which they were
-eventually attached, and henceforward their history becomes identified
-with their Units and is told elsewhere. There were forty-eight in all,
-including the Principal and Professor H. A. Kent, who were ultimately on
-the strength of the Chaplain Service. Two received the Military Cross
-and one the Military Medal; seven paid the supreme sacrifice; and many
-were wounded or gassed. All but seven of those who survived continued
-their studies for the ministry on their return.
-
-Following is the roll of honor:
-
-  John Ross, a Scotch lad, who, in the beginning of the War, joined
-  the fleet, and went down with the _Indefatigable_ in the Battle of
-  Jutland.
-
-  Arthur P. MacIvor, from Cape Breton, joined the C.M.R., and was
-  killed at Mount Sorel, on June 2, 1916.
-
-  Earl Lockerby, from P.E.I., in the 42nd R.H.C. Killed at
-  Courcellette, September, 1916.
-
-  Ralph B. Clarke, B.A., from New Brunswick, joined the 26th, and was
-  killed at Courcellette, on September 17, 1916.
-
-  Stephen Dick, from New Brunswick, joined C.F.A., and survived until
-  the final offensive in 1918.
-
-  Lieut. Harold A. Smith, B.A., M.C., from Cape Breton; served in 5th
-  C.M.R.; wounded first on the Somme, and killed in May, 1918.
-
-  Cyril Hyde, Lieutenant in the Royal Air Service; killed over the
-  German lines.
-
-
-                PINE HILL STUDENTS WHO SERVED OVERSEAS.
-
-              (Those marked with an asterisk were killed.)
-
-
-                                FACULTY.
-
-  Capt. Principal C. Mackinnon, D.D., LL.D. Chaplain Service, O.M.P.C.
-  Capt. H. A. Kent, D.D.                    Chaplain Service, O.M.P.C.
-
-                       STUDENTS FOR THE MINISTRY.
-
-  Lieut. B. C. Salter, B.A.                 42nd R.H.C.
-  Lieut. D. A. Guildford, M.A.              C.D.A.
-  *Earl Lockerby                            42nd R.H.C.
-  *Lieut. R. B. Clarke, B.A.                26th Can. Infantry.
-  L. B. Campbell, B.A.                      3rd Can. Field Ambulance.
-  Lieut. J. K. Murchison, B.A.              R.F.A.
-  R. A. Patterson, B.A.                     C.A.M.C.
-  G. D. MacLeod, B.A.                       C.H.A.
-  D. J. Morrison.                           C.A.M.C.
-  P. B. Fox, B.A.                           C.A.M.G.C.
-  Capt. A. D. Archibald, B.A., M.C.         85th N.S. Highlanders.
-  Lieut. J. G. Paterson, B.A.               R.F.A.
-  *Lieut. Cyril Hyde                        R.A.F.
-  Neil Macdonald                            85th N.S. Highlanders.
-  Capt. Geo. Murray, M.C.                   85th N.S. Highlanders.
-  Victor B. Walls                           C.A.M.C.
-  J. S. Nickerson, B.A.                     C.A.M.C.
-  Colin U. McNiven                          25th Can. Infantry.
-  *J. S. Ross                               H.M.S. _Indefatigable_.
-  *A. P. McIvor, B.A.                       5th C.M.R.
-  *Lieut. H. A. Smith, B.A., M.C.           5th C.M.R.
-  Lieut. McI. McLeod                        5th C.M.R.
-  Norman A. MacKenzie                       85th N.S. Highlanders.
-  D. P. MacLeod                             4th C.M.R.
-  W. J. V. Tweedie                          4th C.M.R.
-  Lieut. John Craigie                       B.E.F.
-  Capt. R. E. G. Roome                      R.F.A.
-  Cadet P. C. Lewis                         R.A.F.
-  Wm. Matheson                              85th N.S. Highlanders.
-  J. D. MacLeod                             13th R.H.C.
-  H. H. Blanchard, B.A., M.M.               85th N.S. Highlanders.
-  R. H. Scott                               85th N.S. Highlanders.
-  Lieut. E. S. Smith, M.A.                  R.A.F.
-  Lieut. McLaren Keswick                    25th Can. Infantry.
-  Neil M. Rattee, B.A.                      7th Overseas Hospital.
-  John A. Nicholson, B.A.                   C.F.A.
-  Lieut. T. H. Whelpley                     87th Can. Inf. G.G.
-  *Stephen J. Dick                          C.F.A.
-  A. M. Gillis                              10th Siege Battery.
-  Lieut. A. E. Kerr                         R.A.F.
-  John Mackay                               10th Can. Siege Battery.
-  A. B. Simpson                             19th C.F.A.
-  D. F. Marshall, B.A.                      15th R.H.C.
-  F. Yates                                  10th Can. Infantry.
-  J. S. Bonnell, B.A.                       8th Siege Battery.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER XLV.
-                      _RECRUITING IN NOVA SCOTIA._
-
-
-The number of men of military age in Canada at the outbreak of the War
-was approximately 1,720,000, and of this Nova Scotia’s quota was 53,500.
-As the War progressed it was decided that Canada’s contribution would be
-500,000 and Nova Scotia’s proportion 30,000, which was attained.
-
-At first no particular effort was made by the public to raise the
-various Units, the matter being left entirely in the hands of the
-Military. The 1st Field Ambulance and the 17th Field Battery proceeded
-to Valcartier as Units, and thence Overseas with the First Division. The
-17th, Nova Scotia’s first Battalion, to our lasting disgrace, was left
-to paddle its own canoe to the rocks in Salisbury Plains, where it
-eventually became the 17th Reserve Battalion, supplying reinforcements
-to the Nova Scotia Units in the Field.
-
-The 25th was the first Battalion in which the public evinced any
-interest. This was mainly recruited from Militia Units, a large
-proportion coming from the Island of Cape Breton and from Halifax. The
-40th Battalion and the 6th Canadian Mounted Rifles, authorized in
-February, 1915, were recruited with comparative ease, the 40th entirely
-from Nova Scotia and the 6th C.M.R. from the three Maritime Provinces.
-At this time the 25th had not proceeded Overseas, and it was not until
-May that this Battalion, which in France earned for itself the title of
-the “Fighting 25th,” sailed from Halifax, taking as its final complement
-part of the 40th Battalion.
-
-The 40th was then sent to Aldershot, N.S., for training, and was almost
-immediately called upon to supply a draft of 5 officers and 250 men.
-About this time recruiting slackened. The strength of the 40th dwindled,
-due to casualties from sickness and other causes, and it seemed that
-unless a special effort were made by the public this Unit would share
-the fate of the 17th, or worse. Mr. G. S. Campbell, whose son was among
-the officers of this Unit, brought back from Valcartier the news that
-unless the Battalion was quickly brought up to strength it would be
-absorbed into a Battalion of another Province, and Nova Scotia would
-lose it. A strong Committee of prominent citizens was immediately
-formed. Money for advertising was subscribed, and a campaign launched,
-the effect of which never ceased during the period of the War. The 40th
-was brought up to full strength, and in October proceeded Overseas.
-
-As a result of the efforts of this Committee it was thought by
-Headquarters M.D. No. 6 that the work of recruiting throughout the
-Province should be inspected and reported on. Lieut.-Col. H. Flowers was
-selected to undertake this duty. Every important town in the Province
-was visited except in Cape Breton, which was supplying many men through
-the energetic work of the Rev. E. Watering Florence. The prominent
-people in each town were induced to lend their assistance, forming such
-organizations as they in their wisdom deemed best. All the assistance
-that headquarters and the Halifax Committee could give was supplied at
-the request of the other centres.
-
-This proved most successful and when the 64th was authorized in August,
-1915, to be recruited from the three Maritime Provinces, so great was
-the enthusiasm in Nova Scotia that in three weeks the full complement
-was supplied by that Province alone, and later the men from New
-Brunswick and Prince Edward Island became the nucleus for the 104th New
-Brunswick Battalion. Lieut.-Colonel Flowers went to the 64th as Second
-in Command, and Major W. B. A. Ritchie was appointed Officer in Charge
-of Recruiting. He was followed in December, 1916, by Major G. B. Cutten,
-of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. These officers were assisted by
-Capt. F. W. Micklewright and Capt. F. T. DeWolfe. Apart from Capt. E. W.
-Florence, Captain Micklewright probably recruited more men personally
-than any other officer.
-
-The 64th Battalion being over strength, the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia
-Highlanders, authorized some time previously, was ordered to proceed
-with recruiting. Numbers flocked to join its ranks. Men of responsible
-positions and lucrative salaries offered their services. In less than a
-month the Battalion was over strength and a large number of applicants
-were turned away.
-
-In the gloomy closing days of 1915, when the withdrawal of the Gallipoli
-Expedition was announced, and many cherished expectations were again
-doomed to disappointment, the whole British Empire was profoundly
-stirred, and began to take its grip with characteristic bulldog
-tenacity. All its resources were demanded, every available man must go.
-Consequently in January of 1916 the question was mooted, why should not
-Nova Scotia give a whole Highland Brigade, and those who applied too
-late for admission to the 85th be afforded another and more liberal
-opportunity of going to the Front? Perhaps no idea ever suggested in the
-Province was taken up with more hearty enthusiasm.
-
-During the first few weeks of 1916 organization was developed with great
-assiduity. It was decided to make use of the popular 85th in the work of
-recruiting. Every soldier who believed he could recruit another man was
-given six days’ leave to do so; and if he succeeded in recruiting more
-than one he was granted an additional six days. Officers who volunteered
-to raise a Platoon were given charge of the territory in which it could
-be recruited. The results were in some instances amazing. Lads who
-seemed unlikely enough brought in recruits by the score.
-
-In preparation for this great “drive” a publicity campaign was organized
-on an extensive scale. Pulpit, press and schoolroom were commandeered,
-and gave themselves up generously to the work. Religious services were
-arranged at which moral issues of the War were brought home forcibly to
-the people. Military uniforms appeared in the pulpits and unwonted
-martial strains, even from the bagpipes, were heard in sacred precincts.
-
-Perhaps the most unique feature of the campaign was the use made of the
-public schools. The Union Jack was widely displayed. The children were
-drilled in patriotic songs. Books were laid aside and mass meetings held
-at which prominent citizens delivered addresses until to the
-impressionable mind of the little children it was incredible that anyone
-should stay at home. A letter was addressed by Lieut.-Colonel Borden to
-the boys and girls of Nova Scotia. In simple language he explained the
-meaning of the War, and converted every child into an irrepressible
-recruiting agent among his big brothers at home, or in the circle of his
-friends.
-
-When the country had thus been duly prepared, and public feeling was
-running high, the master-stroke was given, which resulted in the raising
-of “three Battalions in three weeks,” a feat unsurpassed in the
-recruiting efforts of Canada. This was a series of meetings, held in
-every town, village and country hall, crowded to the doors, and
-characterized by the intense fervor of a religious revival. Notable
-among those who took part in the campaign for the 193rd and 219th
-Battalions were Lieut.-Colonel Borden, Lieut.-Colonel Guthrie (invalided
-home from the Front), President Cutten of Acadia University, Dr.
-Clarence McKinnon, and a score of other public men, who gladly gave time
-and talent to the task. The band of the 85th Battalion accompanied the
-speakers in their tour through the counties of Lunenburg, Queens,
-Shelburne, Yarmouth, Annapolis, Digby, Kings, Pictou and Antigonish.
-
-Cape Breton had already contributed the 17th and 36th Batteries (the
-latter Unit was raised in a single day), a large proportion of the 25th
-and 40th Battalions, six hundred men to the 64th, three hundred men to
-the 85th, three hundred men to the 106th, besides keeping at full
-strength its Militia Regiment, the 94th Argyll Highlanders, which had
-been on active service from the outbreak of the War. Not satisfied with
-this the Island asked for and received authority to recruit a purely
-Cape Breton Infantry Battalion, to be included in the Nova Scotia
-Highland Brigade. Under the supervision of Major Gordon S. Harrington
-(later appointed Deputy Overseas Minister and promoted to the rank of
-Colonel) Cape Breton officers and men of the 83th Battalion returned to
-their former homes and engaged in active recruiting. Meetings were held
-in every town and village, and addresses made by Mayor Richardson, F. A.
-Crowell, A. D. Gunn, D. A. Cameron, Dr. C. E. McMillan, Stuart McCawley,
-the late D. A. Hearn, and many other prominent people. As a result of
-their work, and in spite of the restrictions placed upon them by the
-G.O.C. M.D. No. 6, who forbade the enlistment of employees of the
-Dominion Coal Company and the Dominion Iron and Steel Company, the 185th
-Battalion, Cape Breton Highlanders was recruited to full strength within
-three weeks.
-
-In April, 1916, Mr. F. A. Crowell was requested to act as Chief
-Recruiting Officer for the County of Cape Breton. In a civilian capacity
-and without remuneration he accepted the position, and, assisted by
-Lieutenant Chirgwin and Sergt. A. Johnstone of the 94th Regiment,
-carried on the work until January, 1917. Up to the time the Military
-Service Act came into force the Island of Cape Breton contributed over
-seven thousand volunteers, including, in addition to the Units already
-named, 100 men to the 246th Battalion, 200 men to the Composite
-Battalion, besides a large number to the several Artillery Units
-mobilized at Halifax, to the 165th, 169th and 239th Battalions, the Army
-Service Corps, Forestry Units, Railway Troops and Army Medical Services,
-with a lower record of rejection than in any other district in Canada—in
-the case of the 185th only three per cent.
-
-It would have been impossible for the Chief Recruiting Officer and his
-Staff of paid officers and men to have made the success they did had it
-not been for the valuable services rendered by the voluntary recruiting
-officers all over the Province. These men worked faithfully throughout
-the War without remuneration, and not infrequently labored under
-misrepresentation.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XLVI.
-                           _OCEAN TRANSPORT._
-
-
-The importance of the work done in Military District No. 6 during the
-period of the Great War is doubtless not realized by the public, other
-than those who were directly interested in the work. Aside from Halifax
-being a fortified port, and the Naval Base of the Atlantic Fleet during
-the War, it was the point of embarkation of the Canadian troops for
-Overseas, with the exception of the First Contingent, which was sent
-Overseas from Quebec. Therefore the work, devolving on District No. 6,
-in handling the enormous number of Canadian, American, Australian and
-New Zealand troops that passed through here was a matter of considerable
-responsibility and care, not only in checking the men going on board
-ship, but also in providing accommodations, rations, etc., while they
-were held ashore at Halifax from a day to three or four weeks, awaiting
-the arrival of their transports. In addition it was necessary to make
-preparations for emergencies, of which there were several, including
-such things as the stranding of a troopship near the mouth of Halifax
-Harbor, which necessitated the safe removal, landing and caring for the
-troops by other than the regular methods.
-
-The detail work in connection with these duties was great and varied.
-For instance, the Department at Ottawa would arrange the date for the
-sailing of transports and the allotment of troops for each. The
-Department would then notify this district accordingly. The troops
-allotted to each ship would arrive by special trains, often before their
-transport reached port. During this period of waiting many casualties
-would occur, either through absentees, sickness, or from other causes,
-necessitating extra accommodation at the local quarters or in hospital.
-On the arrival of the ship these men would have to be checked on board
-individually, all casualties accounted for, complete returns made out,
-such as marching out state, lists of officers, inspection of all
-documents, and many other details. After that particular ship was loaded
-she would pull away from the pier and remain in harbor awaiting the
-loading of the other transports. Very often these transports would lie
-in the harbor for some days before sailing, awaiting the completion of
-the convoy, a result being that additional casualties would occur daily
-on each ship during that period. These had to be taken off the ship, in
-turn, all documents corrected to date so that when the ship sailed from
-the harbor an accurate record of every man on board was complete and
-thus enabled the Government to check the proper charges of the Steamship
-Companies for transportation. In the early stages of the War transports
-to the number of forty would sail from Halifax in one convoy, but
-towards the latter end of the War the Naval Authorities provided for
-convoys not exceeding seventeen ships at one time.
-
-In all there were 284,455 Canadian troops embarked from Halifax. Some
-50,000 Chinamen, and a large number of American troops also embarked
-from this port. In addition, ships with New Zealanders and Australians
-on board called at this port to join the convoys, and often were allowed
-to land for route marches and given shore leave. This also entailed much
-work on this district, due to the necessity of looking after casualties,
-absentees, etc.
-
-Of all the casualties occurring during these embarkations a careful
-record had to be kept, and in due course, that is, as soon as possible
-after they became fit or were apprehended, they were sent Overseas on
-later transports.
-
-Many complicated questions arose during this period, as, for instance,
-men arriving on troop trains under arrest for misdemeanors of various
-kinds, and thus necessitating this district dealing with such cases.
-
-Following is a summary of the Canadian troops that embarked at Halifax
-during the war period:—
-
-     Date.            Ship.          Embarked Halifax. Monthly Total.
-        1915.
-       Jan. 8 Zeeland                              346
-                                                 —————            346
-      Feb. 23 Megantic                              40
-           23 Missinabie                            13
-           28 Scandinavian                          23
-                                                 —————             76
-       Mar. 6 Grampian                               8
-           15 Northland                            130
-           21 Corsican                              40
-           22 Orduna
-           26 Hesperian                             15
-           26 Chaleur                               68
-           28 Missinabie                           321
-                                                 —————            582
-       Apr. 4 Scandinavian                          12
-            6 Georgia                               76
-            9 Chignecto                             48
-           10 Metagama                             641
-           12 Manchester Corporation                73
-           17 St. George                           414
-           18 Northland                          1,711
-           18 Grampian                           1,660
-           24 Missinabie                           440
-                                                 —————          5,075
-        May 2 Hesperian                            154
-           20 Saxonia                            2,282
-           20 Halifax                               37
-                                                 —————          2,473
-      June 14 Herschell                            523
-           15 Caledonia                          1,833
-                                                 —————          2,356
-       Aug. 8 Italia                             1,211
-            8 Caledonia                            994
-            9 Metagama                           1,615
-           26 Caledonia                          1,087
-                                                 —————          4,907
-      Oct. 23 Lapland                            2,319
-           27 Orduna                             1,095
-                                                 —————          3,414
-      Nov. 19 Chignecto                             88
-           22 Saxonia                            2,494
-           23 California                         1,909
-           27 Lapland                            2,281
-                                                 —————          6,772
-       Dec. 3 Chaudiere                             98
-            6 Orduna                             1,121
-            8 Italia                               430
-                                                 —————          1,649
-        1916.
-      Jan. 22 Missinabie                         1,591
-                                                 —————          1,591
-      Feb. 10 Caraquet                              24
-                                                 —————             24
-      Mar. 13 Lapland                            2,127
-           13 Baltic                             2,606
-           30 Empress of Britain                 3,542
-           31 Adriatic                           2,440
-                                                 —————         10,715
-       Apr. 1 Olympic                            5,787
-           18 Missinabie                         1,717
-           21 Chaleur                               20
-           23 Empress of Britain                 4,020
-           24 Lapland                            2,201
-           29 Olympic                            5,583
-                                                 —————         19,328
-        May 6 Chignecto                             61
-           12 Baltic                             2,612
-           19 Adriatic                           2,325
-           20 Empress of Britain                 3,788
-           26 Grampian                             692
-           31 Olympic                            5,794
-                                                 —————         15,272
-      June 18 Empress of Britain                 3,420
-           19 Missinabie                         1,663
-           28 Olympic                            5,755
-                                                 —————         10,838
-       July 8 Lapland                            2,208
-           15 Empress of Britain                 3,778
-           23 Olympic                            5,290
-           28 Caraquet                             162
-                                                 —————         11,438
-       Aug. 6 Scandinavian                       1,351
-            7 Cameronia                          1,430
-            8 Metagama                           1,581
-            8 Scotian                            1,235
-           14 Empress of Britain                 3,704
-           15 Grampian                           1,471
-           21 Olympic                            5,109
-                                                 —————         15,881
-     Sept. 11 Scandinavian                       1,396
-           11 Cameronia                          1,412
-           12 Metagama                           1,491
-           12 Northland                          1,473
-           18 Olympic                            5,486
-           23 Lapland                            2,042
-           25 Southland                          1,379
-           25 Corsican                           1,426
-           26 Laconia                            2,230
-           26 Tusconia                           2,360
-                                                 —————         20,695
-       Oct. 2 California                           1,1             61
-            3 Missinabie                         1,708
-            3 Saxonia                            2,417
-  11, 12 & 13 Olympic                            5,988
-           17 Cameronia                          1,401
-           17 Metagama                           1,721
-           17 Northland                          1,662
-           24 Grampian                           1,673
-           25 Mauretania                         3,089
-      25 & 26 Corsican                           1,351
-           30 Lapland                            2,196
-      Oct. 31 Caronia                            4,251
-           31 Empress of Britain                 3,796
-                                                 —————         32,414
-       Nov. 1 Southland                          1,700
-           13 Olympic                            5,909
-      23 & 24 Mauretania                         3,123
-           27 Metagama                           1,609
-                                                 —————         12,341
-      Dec. 16 Olympic                            5,999
-           27 Northland                             36
-                                                 —————          6,035
-        1917.
-      Jan. 23 Scandinavian                       1,350
-           24 Canada                             1,244
-           26 Grampian                           1,525
-                                                 —————          4,119
-      Feb. 16 Southland                          1,749
-           16 Missinabie                         1,727
-                                                 —————          3,476
-       Mar. 4 Canada                             1,241
-            4 Ansonia                            1,049
-           25 Metagama                           1,641
-           25 Lapland                            1,637
-           25 Southland                            892
-           26 Missinabie                         1,595
-           26 Saxonia                            2,357
-                                                 —————         10,412
-       Apr. 9 Carpathia                          2,341
-            9 Canada                             1,282
-           17 Scandinavian                       1,194
-           18 Ansonia                            1,102
-           18 Northland                          1,572
-           18 Grampian                           1,654
-           27 Olympic                            5,605
-           30 Megantic                           1,141
-                                                 —————         15,891
-        May 1 Metagama                           1,696
-            3 Justicia                           4,445
-           28 Olympic                            5,823
-                                                 —————         11,964
-      June 22 Justicia                           4,160
-                                                 —————          4,160
-       Aug. 6 Olympic                              100
-           10 Grampian                           1,500
-           11 Missinabie                         1,402
-                                                 —————          3,002
-      Sept. 5 Megantic                           1,854
-                                                 —————          1,854
-       Oct. 4 Metagama                           1,276
-           20 Scandinavian                         925
-                                                 —————          2,201
-      Nov. 20 Scotian                            1,352
-           24 Megantic                           1,637
-           27 Metagama                           1,182
-                                                 —————          4,171
-      Dec. 21 Missinabie                         1,700
-           21 Grampian                           1,638
-           28 Canada                                11
-                                                 —————          3,349
-        1918.
-      Jan. 19 Kursk                                 50
-           27 Orita                                320
-           28 Scandinavian                       1,290
-                                                 —————          1,660
-       Feb. 5 Grampian                           1,607
-            5 Missinabie                         1,678
-            5 Canada                               826
-           13 Lapland                            1,815
-           21 Megantic                           1,822
-           21 Meletia                            1,830
-           21 Saxonia                            2,138
-           28 Metagama                           1,692
-           28 Kasmala                              111
-                                                 —————         13,519
-       Mar. 1 Justicia                             155
-            8 Scotian                               23
-            8 Toloa                                819
-           13 Chaleur                               29
-           17 Saturnia                             100
-           25 Missinabie                         1,656
-           25 Scandinavian                       1,293
-           25 Grampian                           1,591
-                                                 —————          5,666
-       Apr. 9 Metagama                           1,672
-            9 Tunisian                           1,318
-            9 Ulua                                 949
-           17 Scotian                            1,324
-           17 Toloa                              1,108
-           17 Melita                             1,906
-                                                 —————          8,277
-       May 11 Tierisias                          1,252
-           11 Runic                                394
-           16 Ajana                              1,435
-           16 Valacia                            1,020
-           23 C. of Marseilles                      55
-                                                 —————          4,156
-      June 17 Pannonia                             853
-           24 Wiamana                              389
-           24 Gloucestershire                      512
-           24 Ionic                                 27
-                                                 —————          1,781
-       July 2 Oxfordshire                          390
-            3 Valacia                              185
-                                                 —————            575
-                                                              ———————
-     Total                                                    284,455
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XLVII.
-                              _MUNITIONS._
-
-
-A brief history of the work of the Shell Committee, its organization,
-and the part played by the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company in
-producing munitions during the first two and a half years of the War.
-
-On September 8, 1915, Col. Alex Bertram, Thomas Cantley, and George W.
-Watts were summoned by the Federal Minister of Militia, Sir Sam Hughes,
-to Valcartier. On meeting the Minister he stated that the British
-Secretary of State for War had advised the Canadian Government that the
-War Office were desirous of having shrapnel shells made in Canada, that
-the Canadian Government had decided to entrust the matter to a Committee
-of Manufacturers, and had so advised the War Office. It was understood
-that the advice of the Minister had been accepted, and that the names of
-the three gentlemen above referred to had been approved by the War
-Office as a Committee to carry on the work on their behalf. The men
-above named were then asked to serve as such Committee, without
-remuneration, which they agreed to do, and were requested to select one
-of their number as Chairman. On the suggestion of Thos. Cantley, Colonel
-Bertram was appointed Chairman, the Minister confirming the appointment
-of the Committee by a memorandum initialed “For Action.”
-
-Later, Mr. E. Carnegie, of Welland, was added to the Committee, and at
-their request the Minister agreed that Colonel Benson, Master General of
-Ordnance; Colonel Lafferty, Superintendent of the Dominion Arsenal; and
-Colonel Greville Harston, Inspector of Arms and Ammunition, should be
-added as Technical Members.
-
-The first meeting was held the same evening (September 8th) at the
-Chateau Frontenac, Quebec. The second meeting was held the following day
-at the office of the Superintendent of the Dominion Arsenal. The
-Committee were accorded the privilege of dissecting the manufacturing
-costs of the various operations involved in making shells of this type
-at the Dominion Arsenal, which at that time had an out-turn of about 200
-per day.
-
-From the data there available and their experience as manufacturers the
-Committee advised the War Office that 200,000 shrapnel shells could be
-produced by the Committee and supplied to the War Office at a price of
-$8.30 for the 15–pounder, and $8.55 each for the 18–pounder. On this
-information being cabled to London the Committee were at once instructed
-to proceed with the order.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. THOMAS CANTLEY.]
-
-After the order was in process of execution a contract was presented by
-a representative of the War Office to the four civilian members, viz.,
-Messrs. Bertram, Cantley, Watt and Carnegie, under which contract they
-were obligated to supply the War Office with these shells at the prices
-stated. This contract was duly executed, the Honorable Minister of
-Militia signing on behalf of and representing, the War Office, the
-civilian members signing on their own behalf.
-
-While the first order was for 200,000 shells, additional orders were
-placed by the War Office with the Committee at various times between
-September, 1914, and November, 1915, aggregating in all $345,222,870.24.
-The contract prices were in most cases named by the War Office. In some
-cases the prices were the result of compromise arranged by cable between
-the Committee and the War Office. In other cases the prices were those
-suggested by the Committee and were accepted by the War Office.
-
-As already stated, every order was covered by a contract between the War
-Office on the one hand and the four civilian members of the Committee on
-the other, for the carrying out of which the civilian members were
-collectively and individually responsible. When they resigned office a
-statement, which was prepared and duly audited showing the total cost,
-together with the surplus based on prices agreed upon and covered by
-contracts between the War Office and the four civilian members, showed
-that the contracts entered into amounted in all to $345,222,874.34.
-Approximately 87½ per cent. of these orders were then completed, and the
-surplus—the difference between the contract price and the cost of
-production—was $42,097,584.57, less overhead charges, cost of
-inspection, guages, etc., of $737,400.31. If 12½ per cent. be added to
-this overhead charge to meet similar expenses incidental to the
-completion of the contracts, $92,175.03 would require to be added,
-making the total overhead expenditure $829,575.34, or a total net
-surplus to the credit of the Committee on November 30, 1915, of
-$41,268,009.23. The total overhead cost, covering inspection, cost of
-guages, accounting, and office expense of the Committee, worked out
-at .17, or less than one-fifth of one per cent. of contract prices.
-
-In this connection it may be stated that the prices paid by the War
-Office to American makers in many cases were considerably higher than
-those paid in Canada for shells and other material. In other cases,
-where the prices were approximately the same, the volume of orders
-entrusted to the United States makers were very much greater than the
-corresponding orders placed with the Canadian Shell Committee, and the
-American prices should have been considerably lower. Further, the orders
-placed in the United States were entrusted to an agent, who is reported
-to have received a handsome commission, whereas the services of the
-Canadian Shell Committee were freely given.
-
-In the early stages the executive work of the Committee was carried on
-by General Bertram, whose time was largely taken up in co-ordinating the
-machining of parts, and the placing of orders for components among
-Canadian manufacturers, while Thomas Cantley undertook to carry out
-experiments, both chemical and physical, looking to the production of
-open hearth basic steel to meet the specifications and tests called for
-by the War Office. Experiments were also carried out later in regard to
-steel discs, base plates, nose plugs, alloy steel armor plating, etc.
-Later Colonel Bertram, Thos. Cantley and G. W. Watts collaborated in
-fixing prices for component parts and machining and assembling of the
-different size shells. Later they devised a complete system of records,
-inspection sheets, transfer and shipping forms, store and stock forms,
-and a complete system of accounting was worked out and inaugurated by
-them.
-
-Late in September the Minister of Militia, on the suggestion of the
-Committee, approved the appointment of David Carnegie as Ordnance
-Adviser to the Committee, in view of the fact that he had had
-considerable experience in munition work at Woolwich Arsenal.
-
-When the War Office first appealed to Canada for assistance in supplying
-munitions, little was known of shell manufacturing in Canada. This being
-the case the Canadian Government decided that a Committee of
-Manufacturers could better serve the War Office than could the
-Government through any of the Departments; and then followed the
-formation of the Shell Committee as originally outlined. The Committee
-had before them three problems: First, that of securing steel of the
-requisite character; secondly, the forging of the steel into shell
-bodies, together with the supply of other component parts, comprising
-brass, copper, tin, zinc and antimony; and thirdly, the machining and
-assembling of these various component parts.
-
-Up to the time that the request came from the War Office practically no
-men in Canada, with the exception of those employed at the Dominion
-Arsenal, knew anything about the manufacture of shells, or the material
-required for same. The steel hitherto used at the Dominion Arsenal had
-been supplied by the Crucible Steel Co. of America, and the War Office
-had stipulated that only Acid Open Hearth Siemens-Martin steel could be
-employed in shell forgings. As no Siemens-Martin steel was produced in
-Canada, and if the War Office adhered to their stipulation in that
-respect the entire steel supply would have to be obtained in the United
-States, the American makers, feeling sure that this would be done,
-promptly advanced their prices approximately forty per cent.
-
-At this juncture the Minister of Militia appealed to Thomas Cantley,
-then President and General Manager of the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal
-Co., as to whether the Scotia plant could not produce steel which would
-meet not only the chemical but physical requirements of the War Office
-shell specifications. He at once expressed the belief that they could do
-so, and immediately proceeded to carry out exhaustive experiments, both
-chemical and physical, which proved conclusively that the Scotia Company
-could produce steel as called for by the War Office, and offered to
-supply it at a price as low as the original price asked by the American
-works, and indeed below the American price. Within a few days of receipt
-of the first order by the Shell Committee from the War Office, the
-Scotia Company supplied the Committee with steel for 200,000 shrapnel
-shells. The difference in price paid to the Scotia Company and the price
-asked by the American Co. for the steel supplied on this small order
-amounted to over $40,000.
-
-As regards forging of shells, the cost of producing the various
-component parts, the labor involved in finishing and assembling
-these—the Committee were supplied with the cost of these various
-operations as carried on at the Dominion Arsenal, but the difficulty
-involved was that the work, having been done there by a class of machine
-not in general use in Canada, and with the comparatively small order in
-hand, manufacturers could not be found who would purchase and install
-plant for this work and turn out shells within a reasonable time and
-price.
-
-Manufacturers throughout the country were invited to visit the Dominion
-Arsenal at Quebec, where they would be shown the various operations
-involved, and given all information _re_ cost, methods employed, etc.
-Quite a number responded to this invitation. Some offered to undertake
-the work; others declined to undertake it on any basis whatever.
-
-Colonel Bertram volunteered that the John Bertram & Sons Co. would do a
-certain amount of machining and assembling, and Thos. Cantley, through
-his Company, the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Co., undertook to supply the
-steel and forgings, while Mr. Watt, of the Canadian General Electric
-Company, agreed to make some of the component parts. Sir Thomas
-Shaughnessy, on being appealed to by the Committee for assistance,
-instructed the Superintendent of the Angus Shops to take on some of the
-work, and generously promised that the Angus Shops would take up their
-share of the enterprise.
-
-With the start made by these firms to encourage them, a few other
-manufacturers were induced to take up a share of the work, and thus the
-supply of components parts and machining of same for the first 200,000
-shells was finally placed, and this initial order was shipped complete
-and to the entire satisfaction of the War Office some considerable time
-before the contract date.
-
-So soon as the work involved in the first trial order had been accepted
-by the manufacturers referred to, the Committee took up the organization
-necessary for the co-ordinating of the work on a larger scale; and as
-large orders were received in rapid succession from the War Office,
-contracts were made with different manufacturers for component parts,
-which were bought outright by the Committee. A full set of component
-parts for each shell was supplied by the assembly contractors, by whom
-these were finished and returned as completed shells, they being paid a
-fixed price on the shells which were completed, and which passed all the
-tests demanded by the War Office, and were certified as such by the
-Government Inspection Bureau. The component parts before being accepted
-by the Committee and delivered to the finishing contractors were
-inspected and certified by the Committee’s inspectors. Any component
-parts spoiled by the assembly manufacturers had to be paid for by them
-at the actual cost of same.
-
-The first experiences of the forging and finishing contractors alike
-were disappointing. It was an entirely new business to everybody engaged
-in the work, and the usual initial difficulties were met and overcome
-with varying success.
-
-It is safe to say that as far as the first order of 200,000 shells was
-concerned, the companies engaged, either as makers of component parts or
-as assembly contractors, received little, if any, profit for their work.
-They had only the usual reward that comes to pioneers in any new work.
-
-When the new and larger orders came in, both the material and the work
-were thrown open to competition. The Dominion Steel Corporation, the
-Steel Company of Canada, and other smaller steel producers were asked to
-supply steel and forgings. The same thing applied to manufacturing
-establishments, which were in a position to supply other component parts
-or to take on the work of machining and assembling. By the early part of
-1915 the work was distributed throughout the entire Dominion.
-
-Those who had done the pioneering work, and who won their position
-through dearly-bought experience, and by venturing in where others
-lacked courage to do so, came under criticism from others who had not
-hitherto undertaken any of the work. To overcome this difficulty and to
-assure hearty co-operation in the production of the largest amount of
-munitions possible, the Committee adopted the principle of naming a flat
-price for each component part, as well as for the machining and
-assembling of each size shell.
-
-All the orders placed thereafter, from time to time, were placed at a
-uniform price, both for the component parts and for the finishing of the
-shells. The instant effect of this was that the accumulated experience
-of the pioneering firms was placed at the disposal of the other
-manufacturers. Both forging and finishing shops were thrown open, their
-methods of working and costs were fully explained, and shown to other
-manufacturers. The newcomers thus saved the heavy cost of experimental
-work.
-
-New methods, improvements of great value in connection with the
-execution of the work, the outcome of the initiative adaptability of
-Canadians, wrought a revolution in the methods of production. All these
-improvements were in every case put within the reach of other
-manufacturers. Many of these have been adopted, not only by Canadian
-shell makers, but by shell makers in the United States and Great
-Britain.
-
-During the organization period from September, 1914, to April, 1915,
-more than one member of the Committee worked from ten to seventeen hours
-per day, Sundays and holidays not excepted, and none of the members then
-appointed received one dollar by way of remuneration.
-
-The part played by the New Glasgow works of the Nova Scotia Steel and
-Coal Company in the Great War is an interesting one. At the beginning of
-hostilities in August, 1914, there were only two Steel Companies in the
-United States who had either the plant or experience to produce either
-shells or armor plates, while none of the Canadian steel plants had any
-experience whatever.
-
-The first production of munition material, by way of shells and shell
-steel, was undertaken in Canada by the Shell Committee, and the story of
-the experiments carried on in the early days of September, 1914, which
-resulted in convincing the British War Office that basic steel, as made
-in Canada, would meet all the requirements of both shrapnel and high
-explosive shells, and which resulted in very large orders for munitions
-coming to Canada, is well known to all Nova Scotians, and has become a
-matter of history.
-
-Between October, 1914, when the Scotia plants produced 22,000 shell
-forgings, and the signing of the Armistice, November 11, 1918, the New
-Glasgow plant had made more than 15,000,000 shells—these ranging in size
-from the 15–pounder shrapnel to 12–inch high explosive, the local plant
-being the only one in Canada which made the latter size. The total
-tonnage of forged shells produced at New Glasgow amounted in round
-figures to 180,000 tons. In addition to this a very considerable tonnage
-of shell and other munition steel was shipped to be worked up in other
-shell forging establishments in Canada and Great Britain. A further
-considerable tonnage was worked up into marine forgings. British
-shipyards about this time experienced great difficulty in obtaining
-heavy marine forgings to meet Lloyd’s specification and tests. The
-Scotia forges had long been on Lloyd’s list as approved makers of Marine
-Forgings. The British shipbuilders’ difficulty was now met by Scotia,
-which supplied to various yards on the Clyde, the East Coast, and other
-yards complete sets of marine forgings of all classes for both
-mercantile and other vessels of large tonnage. The total quantity of
-marine forgings supplied Great Britain since the outbreak of war
-amounted to 9,000 tons.
-
-Most Nova Scotians are probably entirely ignorant of the considerable
-amount of what might be called “research” and experimental work carried
-out at the New Glasgow plant for the Government, and while this did not
-produce the tangible results brought about in connection with the
-manufacture of shells, not a little of the data and knowledge
-accumulated, contributed in a very considerable degree to the successful
-development of both the offensive and the defensive equipment of the
-Allied forces.
-
-While this work was being done secrecy was essential, nothing was said
-and but little known of the work carried on along these lines. Now that
-the War is over the necessity for secrecy appears to be past.
-
-In February, 1919, the firm of William Beardmore and Co., of Glasgow,
-Scotland, in their works magazine, told the story of the evolution and
-development by them of bullet-proof material for the protection of
-armored cars, trench shields, armor-plate for the celebrated “tanks,”
-and other work of a like character. The story, as told by the Beardmore
-people, in many important particulars runs on all fours with the
-experiments and results obtained at New Glasgow during the latter weeks
-of 1914 and the early part of 1915, when a series of exhaustive
-experiments were carried out at New Glasgow, first in connection with
-the production and testing of bullet-resisting steel plate.
-
-This matter was first brought to the attention of the writer by General
-Sir Sam Hughes in connection with the shield shovel, of which a good
-deal was heard during 1915 and 1916. This spade, as supplied by the
-American makers, was formed with a sharp cutting edge, and a loophole
-for a rifle, but had no handle. When deliveries began to be made by the
-American manufacturers, a certain quantity was collected at random and
-turned over to the writer for testing. This was carried out at the rifle
-range, of the Fifth Royal Highlanders in the basement of the Bleury
-Street Armory, Montreal. It was then found that while practically all
-would stand Mark Six British Service Ammunition, they failed to
-withstand the much greater impact of Mark Seven Ammunition. Mark Six had
-a muzzle velocity of about 1,800 feet per second. Further investigation
-showed that the difference in bullet resisting power in the plates
-submitted was due to lack of uniformity.
-
-No handles had been supplied with the shovels, and no apparent effort
-had been made by the manufacturers to supply one which was suitable.
-Scotia’s engineers were asked to meet the difficulty, which they did,
-and finally offered one which was adopted, weighed eight ounces, and was
-secured by a single rivet passing through a square slotted hole in the
-body of the shovel below the base of the tang.
-
-At this time the question of supplying our army with armored machine-gun
-automobile trucks had become a pressing matter. The question had been
-turned over to a Toronto Committee. Great delay was experienced in
-securing sufficient suitable bullet-resisting plate, and serious
-confusion resulted. The experiments in connection with the shovel had
-thrown great doubt on the efficiency of the steel being supplied by the
-Americans, and again the Scotia Company were asked to carry out tests
-and advise as to the matter.
-
-From hints which had filtered through from the army in France and
-Flanders it was known that the German Spitzer bullet was much more
-effective than the British new Mark Seven, and while the armor-plating
-contracted to be supplied by the Americans for these cars was guaranteed
-to withstand Mark Seven British Ammunition at 300 yards, the rumors in
-regard to the penetrating powers of the German Spitzer ammunition were
-most disquieting, and could not be ignored.
-
-At that time the United States were neutral, but were making ammunition
-for the Allies and others. By methods, which it is not necessary here to
-refer to, or explain, the General Manager of the Scotia Company was able
-to obtain a German Mauser Service Rifle, and by an expenditure out of
-all proportion to the real value, 1,000 rounds of German Mauser Spitzer
-service ammunition was also secured. An improvised range was set up on
-the ice on the East River, Nova Scotia, at a point where, protected by
-steep banks, firing tests could be carried out, when it was demonstrated
-that .311 Spitzer German ammunition, which, carefully chronographed,
-gave a muzzle velocity of 2,915 feet per second, easily penetrated the
-armor plate which resisted Mark Seven British Ammunition fired from
-either the Lee-Enfield or Ross Rifle.
-
-The effect, of course, was to call a halt to the manufacture of these
-plates, and at the same time to push forward experiments then under way
-in the production by the Scotia Company of bullet-resisting alloy armor
-plates. Within a short time New Glasgow was able to offer the Department
-of Militia alloy steel, heat-treated plates, not exceeding 3–16th of an
-inch thick, which successfully withstood point-blank impact at one yard
-from Mark 7 ammunition fired from the latest model Ross rifle. In one
-case two shots had struck the plate within less than one-half inch of
-each other, and they neither penetrated nor cracked the plate.
-
-Plates somewhat thicker were later supplied which withstood German
-Mauser ammunition at point blank range, and the result given by these
-plates when tested at the Proving Station in Toronto were so
-satisfactory that the Artillery Proving Officers, after the tests,
-placed them on exhibition outside the Camp, and later reported that the
-men felt the utmost confidence with the protection afforded them by this
-plating, which later was supplied and fitted to a proportion of the
-machine-gun trucks then being equipped. Later the British Government
-asked the Scotia Company to tender for similar protective plating for
-armored trucks.
-
-
-
-
-                            CHAPTER XLVIII.
-                           _DEMOBILIZATION._
-
-
-Demobilization, following a war of such length and intensity as that of
-the Four Years’ War from August, 1914, to November, 1918, is not a mere
-problem of repatriation, it is a problem of reconstruction—a gigantic
-one at that—desiderating the undivided efforts of every organization in
-the nation and the assistance of every citizen.
-
-Consider for a moment what had happened in the industrial world. During
-the four years of war, Governments were the chief employers of men, the
-chief purchasers of raw materials, and the chief sources of revenue for
-an overwhelmingly large portion of the population. To retain the ideals
-of democracy Governments were given unlimited power—power which was
-utilized in organizing practically the entire life of the belligerent
-nations into a vast machine for turning out implements of war. Not only
-was this war-time industry mobilized under unified control, but the
-market for which its product was turned out could not be flooded.
-Indeed, it continually called for greater and greater production
-regardless of cost. The expansion of business, and the building up of a
-huge army of war workers, the scarcity of labor and raw materials, the
-shifting of markets, the meteoric rise of prices, the less rapid rise of
-wages, Government control of prices, raw materials and exports, the
-inflation of currency, the huge increase in national debts—these were
-some of the phenomena which characterized the period. They justify the
-assertion that a revolution in the economic and industrial life of the
-nations had occurred. Even in Canada, remote from the scene of actual
-strife, a generation’s changes were compressed into four short years.
-
-Then suddenly, on November the eleventh, the object for which the vast
-war machine had been built up was attained. The necessity for its
-existence vanished over-night, and the world found itself face to face
-with the task of scrapping the industrial machine which had so
-effectively served the requirements of war, and of rebuilding one which
-would serve just as effectively the entirely different requirements of
-peace. The new task was more difficult than the old, and had to be
-accomplished in a much shorter period—a few months, instead of four
-years. Again, the problems themselves were more delicate and intricate;
-largely problems of human psychology, not of mechanics, requiring for
-their solution not compulsion, but education, persuasion and
-co-operation. The world has learned that it is much easier to make war
-than to make peace.
-
-The early days of 1914 and 1915 were days of mobilization problems, and
-they were problems indeed. The provision of arms, equipment and food had
-to be undertaken on a scale unheard of before. It was necessary to
-provide transportation for vast bodies of troops and great quantities of
-stores, to say nothing of the construction of training camps, rifle
-ranges, and all the paraphernalia of war. The human element, fresh and
-easily responsive to patriotic appeal, presented few difficulties at
-that time.
-
-There are, however, certain conditions inherent in military life which
-go far towards unfitting the soldier for civilian occupation. Without
-entering into a discussion of the reasons for these conditions, two of
-them at least may be enumerated. In military life individual liberty is
-impossible, but it is of supreme importance in civil life. Further, in
-military life ambition or self-interest, which may be considered a
-fundamental motive in human action, becomes of secondary importance.
-Self-interest is, in fact, disciplined into complete abeyance. The
-moment the soldier becomes a civilian the restraints upon his individual
-liberty are more or less removed, and it is entirely in keeping with the
-impulses of human nature if he should, for a time, go to the opposite
-extreme. Then again, he finds it no easy task to awaken the ambition
-lying dormant within him, and it frequently happens that it is only from
-bitter experience that he learns it is necessary to rely, in the first
-instance, upon himself. These two conditions alone emphasize how
-different are the various problems of demobilization and mobilization.
-The success or failure of the work of reconstruction depends, not so
-much on the highly-developed organization as on the amount of personal
-service, whole-hearted sympathy and understanding brought to the work by
-those who, together with the soldier, must face the many obstacles
-confronting him in the first stages of his return to citizenship.
-
-Without the active co-operation of the soldiers themselves the work of
-reconstruction could not be a success. Undoubtedly our present
-stability, in comparison with many other parts of Canada is, in a large
-measure, due to the initiative and strength of purpose with which our
-soldiers have met, and are meeting, the tasks of a humdrum every-day
-life. It would, no doubt, be surprising to the average citizen were he
-to know how many men in Nova Scotia have re-established themselves
-without assistance from the Government.
-
-It was not until the closing days of 1915 and the return of casualties
-gassed and wounded from Ypres, Festubert, and Givenchy, that the
-problems of demobilization began to press for attention. The country was
-sadly lacking in proper hospital accommodation and equipment, especially
-for the treatment of surgical cases. The disabled man was finding it no
-easy matter to re-establish himself and the provision of industrial
-training or suitable employment for him was an urgent need. In many
-other ways the necessity for a radical change made itself apparent.
-
-The actual work of getting the soldiers home and out of khaki was in the
-hands of the Department of Militia and Defence; but the methods of peace
-and war are as far removed as day and night, and it was soon recognized
-that the re-absorption of returned soldiers into civil life, with the
-least disturbance of economic conditions, could not be best performed by
-an organization of the military type. The first step in the direction of
-providing a suitable organization was taken when the Military Hospitals
-Commission was formed in the same year. The duties of this Commission
-eventually embraced almost every phase of the problem of demobilization,
-from the provision of hospitals, convalescent homes and treatment, to
-vocational re-education for those who, through a disability were unable
-to return to their former occupation.
-
-Not all the emergencies were, of course, foreseen; and from time to time
-changes for the better were made in the regulations. Shortly after the
-formation of the Commission a conference of representatives from the
-various Provincial Governments was called at Ottawa, and the suggestions
-there adopted involved an extension of the work by the appointment of a
-sub-committee of the Federal Commission in each Province, to assume the
-responsibility of finding employment for discharged soldiers.
-
-Immediately following this conference the Returned Soldiers’ Employment
-Committee of Nova Scotia, or, as it was afterwards known, the Nova
-Scotia Returned Soldiers’ Commission, was appointed. The importance of
-this work at the time could not be overestimated, for is not
-reconstruction fundamentally a problem of employment and employment
-conditions? This function, however, by no means exhausted the activities
-of the Provincial Commission. On executive questions of a local nature
-it was the advisory body of the Federal Commission at Ottawa, and its
-scope was extended as the need arose, until it embraced practically all
-matters dealing with returned men. On certain occasions the Commission
-maintained an early and aggressive stand on problems which were not
-merely of a local character, but which affected the economic life of the
-Dominion.
-
-When the Military Hospitals Commission was formed, it was found
-necessary to operate Interviewing Departments in conjunction with the
-Clearing or Discharge Depots at Halifax, St. John and Quebec, in order
-to secure information from which to compile records. Each returning
-soldier on the ship’s nominal roll was questioned regarding his pre-war
-occupation, his future prospects and intentions, as well as other
-general information required. In the case of casualties the proceedings
-of the last medical board were also secured. At Halifax a Staff of
-returned men were engaged in this work under the supervision of W. B.
-MacCoy, Secretary of the Provincial Commission. As the interviewing for
-the whole of Canada was performed at the ports, it can be appreciated
-what a vast amount of work this entailed, particularly when handling
-hospital ships. The severely disabled men were, of course, unable to
-visit the Interviewing Department. Consequently it was not possible to
-proceed as rapidly as in the case of ordinary transports.
-
-Another detail of the disembarkation which involved a great deal of work
-on the part of the Commission was that of notifying the next-of-kin of
-returning soldiers. A copy of the Nominal Roll prepared on the voyage
-across, was secured immediately after the ship had docked and the
-Secretaries of the Returned Soldiers’ Commissions in the various other
-Provinces were telegraphed a complete list of the men going forward with
-the names and addresses of their relatives or friends.
-
-The Nova Scotia men were, of course, dealt with first, as in many cases
-they would arrive home within a few hours. Their names were either
-telegraphed or telephoned to the Secretaries of the Town Reception
-Committees who, in turn, notified the relatives and aided in providing a
-suitable reception.
-
-During the War, Nova Scotia was exceedingly fortunate in the matter of
-employment. The number of unemployed soldiers seldom averaged more than
-ten per cent., and was usually between two and seven per cent. However,
-the abnormal conditions prevailing after the signing of the Armistice
-rendered the number of placements by the Commission, for a time at
-least, almost negligible. Numbers of men were suddenly thrown on the
-labor market by the closing of war-time industries, while at the same
-time our soldiers were being returned in thousands. This was by no means
-the critical period. Many of the men returning after years of service
-Overseas felt the need of a well-earned vacation more than they did of a
-job, while those who had dependants and who were anxious, but unable, to
-secure immediate employment, were temporarily provided for by the war
-service gratuity. For the majority, the most anxious time arrived during
-the succeeding fall and winter months. It is not the intention, however,
-to deal with the employment activities of the Commission. Attention must
-be confined to work of a more general nature.
-
-As previously stated, the country, particularly Nova Scotia, was sadly
-lacking in hospital accommodation. In the spring and early summer of
-1915, nearly all returned soldiers either came through the Port of
-Quebec, or, if disembarked at Halifax, were forwarded to the Discharge
-Depot there. Save in a few instances, such as severe casualties, these
-men as soon as medically examined were given transportation to their
-homes. Discharge Certificates were usually not issued for months after
-their return, and a great deal of confusion resulted. Indeed, few of the
-men were aware of their status, and it not infrequently happened that,
-instead of the longed-for piece of parchment, they received a letter
-from their Military District instructing them to report for duty,—this
-after having perhaps accepted civilian employment. The uncertainty of
-their future added to the difficulties of obtaining a satisfactory
-position, for after a few experiences, employers generally hesitated to
-engage a man who was not in possession of a certificate releasing him to
-civilian duties. As time went on, too, pay complaints began to pour in
-by the score, due no doubt to an antiquated system of handling
-documents, and the poor working facilities afforded the District Pay
-Staffs.
-
-About the end of the following year the Provincial Commission advised
-the erection of a hospital, but although the officials of the Military
-Hospitals Commission apparently concurred in the Provincial Commission’s
-views, the conditions remained unchanged. Repeated reports were made by
-the Secretary and concrete cases submitted, showing the necessity in
-certain instances for providing treatment. The situation became so acute
-that at a meeting of the local Commission, held on February 21, 1917,
-certain members, feeling that the existing state of affairs might be
-construed as reflecting upon them, tendered their resignations to the
-Chairman. These resignations were, however, held in abeyance for a few
-days, and a strongly-worded resolution was passed and forwarded to Sir
-James Lougheed. Several days later a special meeting was called at the
-request of the Director of the Military Hospitals Commission, at which
-were present two officials of that body with full authority to take what
-steps were deemed necessary in order to relieve the situation. The
-writer, who has had access to the correspondence and records, can state
-without fear of contradiction, that it was wholly due to the efforts of
-the Provincial Commission that Camp Hill Hospital was erected in 1917.
-Readers who are familiar with conditions both then and during the period
-following the Halifax disaster must realize what a boon it was to have
-had this splendid institution awaiting any and all emergencies.
-
-The subject of Vocational Training was one in which the Commission took
-a deep interest from the very first. One of its early steps was to
-institute a careful survey of all existing educational facilities
-throughout Nova Scotia, which could be used for the re-education of
-disabled men. The re-training of this class was of the utmost
-importance, and the Commission successfully fought for the enactment of
-several regulations tending to broaden the scope of the Vocational
-Department.
-
-One of the most persistent efforts was made in the interest of the
-physically fit “boy soldier.” Aside from the minor who had been
-disabled, no provision existed whereby these young boys could be
-afforded the opportunities of re-education or re-training. The need for
-this was foreseen by the Provincial Office some two years before the
-close of the War and no opportunity was lost in the furtherance of their
-proposal to place them on the same footing as the disabled man. It was
-most desirable to provide facilities for the education of these young
-soldiers who enlisted in the Forces at an immature age. Their decision
-was made at a time when they could not probably measure the consequences
-of their act, and for this reason the public was responsible for any
-disadvantages accruing to them. The years spent in the army were just
-those during which they should have been fitting themselves to win a
-position of self-support and independence; and it is not only an
-advantage to themselves, but to the country, that they have been
-assisted in preparing for the earning of a livelihood rather than having
-been forced into the ranks of unskilled labor. The step taken by the
-Government in the early part of last year was indeed satisfactory in
-consideration of the initial and continuous efforts of the Provincial
-Commission.
-
-The Soldier Settlement Act, passed in 1917, has proved to be one of the
-most satisfactory measures of re-establishment provided by the
-Government. As originally framed, however, it was of very little value
-to a man who desired to go on the land in the Maritime Provinces. The
-free grants provided by the Act were restricted to Dominion Lands, while
-here any land of value for agricultural purposes is privately owned.
-This was clearly placing under a handicap the Nova Scotian soldier who
-wished to stay in his native Province, inasmuch as the maximum amount
-which could be borrowed under the Act was only $2,500. The Provincial
-Commission urged very strongly that the benefits to be derived should be
-equally distributed and enjoyed by soldiers wishing to go on the land in
-any Province. At the 1918 yearly meeting of Provincial Secretaries, held
-at Ottawa, the other Provinces were unanimous in supporting the Maritime
-representatives, and a resolution was passed petitioning the Federal
-Government to extend the provisions of the Act. This was done some time
-afterwards, and to-day we have in Nova Scotia some three hundred and
-fifty farms producing, and as many soldiers re-established in this way.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  W. B. MACCOY, K.C.]
-
-The months which followed the erection of Camp Hill Hospital brought
-many changes. The Military Hospitals Commission ceased and was succeeded
-by the Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-Establishment. New organizations
-arose, and new methods were inaugurated in old ones to meet the
-constantly increasing needs and changing problems. But space will not
-permit to deal with all the phases of this many-sided and deeply
-interesting work. At best details can only be touched upon, and the
-three instances quoted of the Commission’s connection with the larger
-problems of reconstruction by no means exhausts an interesting store of
-past events. The part taken by W. B. MacCoy, K.C., Secretary of the
-Commission, is deserving of the fullest public recognition. No man has
-been more sincere or more zealous in safeguarding the interests of the
-Nova Scotian soldiers. His work was not undertaken without a sacrifice,
-but the appreciation of thousands of soldiers and dependants expressed
-in the letters of thanks contained on the fyles of the Commission, and
-in many other ways, has doubtless repaid him in full.
-
-Victory was the reward of loyalty and co-operation and the willingness
-of each and every soldier to subjugate self in the welfare of the whole,
-and play the game as best he could. Demobilization has required no less
-devotion, energy, and co-operation than did the War itself and the
-measure of success attained through the sympathy, tact, and ability
-displayed by however humble a servant in the great work of
-reconstruction will be reflected in the national life of Canada for the
-next generation.
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER XLIX.
-                         _VOCATIONAL TRAINING._
-
-
-The aftermath of the Great War, which virtually ended with the Armistice
-on November 11, 1918, should be historically different from the social
-and economic muddles and messes which have succeeded other prolonged
-struggles. Human nature has not changed, but society is more
-enlightened, more highly organized, and more averse to waste.
-
-The soldiers who returned to Canada from the Boer War were paid small
-Imperial pensions for disabilities incurred and were rewarded by grants
-of land in the great Canadian West, which almost all of them realized on
-immediately, selling them to “land sharks” for ridiculously small cash
-sums. It has been stated that most of the British veterans of the Crimea
-died in the workhouses.
-
-Just as the last War was fought with more highly developed death-dealing
-machines and apparatus, and consequently evolved entirely new means of
-counter-offensive and protection, so the Allied nations employed
-entirely new methods to compensate the disabled fighting men for the
-incapacities they suffered through service. The aim was to develop all
-of the remaining abilities and aptitudes of the crippled soldier so that
-he might be able to retain his place in civilian life as an active,
-independent, self-supporting citizen.
-
-Nova Scotia can justly claim the credit for starting the plan of
-vocational re-training developed in Canada. In July, 1915, Miss I.
-Matthews, who was assisting her sister, Mrs. J. K. L. Ross, in preparing
-the residence of the latter in Sydney for use as a convalescent home for
-soldiers, secured a pamphlet describing the early efforts of France in
-rehabilitating war cripples. She brought it to the attention of Hon. G.
-H. Murray, who asked Principal F. H. Sexton, of the Technical College,
-for some concrete practical suggestions. The latter prepared a careful
-report on the methods which the Dominion might use to organize this
-work, and this was submitted to the Premier of Canada, Sir Robert
-Borden.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  DR. F. H. SEXTON,
-  Principal Nova Scotia Technical College.]
-
-Just before this there had been created the Military Hospitals
-Commission to control the treatment in Canada of wounded and disabled
-men returning from Europe. The report on vocational re-training was
-submitted to the Commission for consideration and action. The subject
-was regarded of such importance that a conference of Provincial Premiers
-and other representatives was called to consider this and some other
-questions affecting returned men.
-
-Principal Sexton was sent as a Nova Scotian delegate to this conference
-and explained his ideas. He asserted that nearly all maimed and crippled
-men could be put on their feet again as wage-earners by a short,
-practical, intensive course in vocational training. The men were adults
-who had already had some industrial experience and consequently would
-not need as much or as long training as youths being apprenticed in
-trades. During the last twenty-five years industry had been sub-divided
-into many specialized occupations, in many of which little physical
-effort was required. Advantage could be taken of the vocational
-experience of the soldier previous to enlistment and, in most cases, he
-could be trained for some occupation in the same industry where his
-disability would not be a handicap. That is, the crippled men could be
-moved side-wise in industry to some parallel occupation or, by means of
-a little education, could be lifted up higher and fitted for some
-supervisory position as boss, foreman, or superintendent. Thus, a
-structural steel worker, with some physical deficiency, would be trained
-for a position of draftsman. The coal miner, who was disabled, so that
-he could no longer dig coal at the face could, in a comparatively short
-time, be trained for the position of shot-firer, fire boss, mine
-examiner, overman, underground foreman, or mine manager.
-
-There were endless opportunities for fitting men for occupations that
-required more technical knowledge, more skill, and more mental capacity.
-Most of the Canadian soldiers had not much opportunity for vocational
-education in their youth, and the great majority could be prepared for
-better jobs with their disability than they had been able to qualify for
-before they enlisted. It was pointed out that technical schools could
-offer some courses for disabled men, and that the rest of them could be
-given intensive short apprenticeships in industry. The disabled men and
-their families should be supported in respectability during the course
-of training. It was emphasized that the soldier in the hospital should
-begin to do some work as soon as possible, so that he would not lose his
-habits of industry by too prolonged an idleness during treatment. This
-method of technical education would be expensive, but it would more than
-repay the country by making almost all the disabled men competent to
-maintain themselves as wage-earners for the remainder of their lives,
-and eliminate the great proportion of indigent, idle pensioners that had
-succeeded other great wars.
-
-The conference in September, 1915, enthusiastically recommended that the
-Military Hospitals Commission proceed to develop vocational training of
-disabled soldiers along the lines proposed. Soon after this steps were
-taken to put the suggestions into actual practice. Principal Sexton was
-appointed, under the Commission, as Vocational Officer for Quebec and
-the Maritime Provinces, which office he has held for four and one-half
-years.
-
-When the convalescent hospitals were first opened in Canada, it was
-thought at first that all the men needed was the necessary medical
-treatment and a rest and then most of them would naturally return to
-work. People who had not had army training, and who had not endured the
-terrible experiences in the front line trenches, did not understand the
-psychological reversal most of the soldiers had suffered. The ordinary
-Canadian was noted for his power of initiative. In times of peace he had
-developed resourcefulness and individuality. From thousands of
-occupations our men donned the khaki uniform. The first great lesson for
-the new soldier was that of implicit obedience to his superior officers.
-He was instructed that others would do his thinking for him. The
-responsibility of providing food, shelter, and raiment for himself and
-his dependants, which had been his constant effort in waking hours, was
-lifted from his shoulders. His habits were regularized to conform to a
-single standard,—that of the well-disciplined soldier. In action he was
-forced into a condition of personal dirtiness that would have been
-absolutely repellent to him in ordinary life. He was subjected to the
-nerve-racking, soul-splitting ordeal of continuous fire of high
-explosives. Death lurked at his elbow continuously in a thousand hideous
-forms. He lived like a worm, and the taking and giving of human life
-became an hourly experience. He forgot what a normal mode of living was
-like, and his tours back and forth to the trenches seemed the whole of
-existence, with only a ghastly way out of it. Then came his “blighty,”
-and the long, painful period of hospital experience where willing and
-loving hands ministered to every need. He was doctored, nursed and
-entertained lavishly. Is it any wonder that he found himself in an
-abnormal mental state, and that ordinary civilian life seemed petty and
-cold and humdrum? Is it surprising that he found himself slow to rouse
-himself and prepare to take up again some civilian task in the treadmill
-of industry which would reward him with only food, clothing and lodging?
-After the glorious comradeship with his fellows in facing death, the
-competitive system in a life of routine duties seemed dull and deadly.
-
-It seemed evident from the first experience that work was the only
-panacea. Definite, interesting occupation alone offered the means of
-making the man forget himself, and of wrenching him around into the
-footpath of peace. Self-imposed routine duties of an absorbing nature
-provided the necessary attraction and distraction to enable the man to
-prepare himself again for a useful life in industry. Therefore
-interesting work of all kinds was provided to suit different abilities
-and disabilities.
-
-Three divisions of the work of re-training the disabled soldier
-developed as progress was made with this task, viz.: (1) Ward
-Occupations; (2) Curative Workshops; (3) Industrial Re-training. These
-will be taken up in the order named.
-
-1. WARD OCCUPATIONS. Basketry, weaving, leather work and other
-handicrafts were taught to the men in hospital right in the wards, as
-recreational activity, during the time of convalescence when the
-soldiers, as patients, are not advanced far enough in their recovery to
-leave their beds or to take up serious education.
-
-2. CURATIVE WORKSHOPS. Every hospital had either a separate vocational
-building or a portion of its space set aside for curative workshops.
-Here were held a variety of classes for men taking treatment who were
-able to leave their wards and who wished to study some subjects which
-would be of advantage to them when they were discharged from hospital
-and would re-enter civilian life or take up training for a new
-occupation.
-
-3. INDUSTRIAL RE-TRAINING. This was the most important division of the
-work and, in fact, constituted the main activity of the Vocational
-Branch of the Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment. All
-soldiers who received a disability in military service through disease,
-accident or wounds which prevented them from returning to their old
-occupations, were entitled to industrial re-training. Any man who
-enlisted under the age of eighteen, and whose apprenticeship or training
-for some useful occupation was seriously interrupted by the War, was
-also entitled to an industrial re-training course. Thousands of men had
-to be intensively trained for hundreds of different occupations in the
-shortest possible time. During their courses they and their dependants
-received pay and allowances to support themselves. Every kind of
-institution which offered definite vocational training was utilized, but
-a great proportion of the men were placed in industry itself to learn
-their new occupations. Special trade classes and schools had to be
-organized and equipped by the Department of Soldiers’ Civil
-Re-establishment to meet the new need. The main aim was to train the
-disabled soldiers and minors in six to ten months, so that they could
-earn the prevailing wage in suitable vocations. This aim was realized
-with results that have amply justified the predictions of experts in
-industrial education and the enormous expenditure of money necessary.
-The development of the three main divisions of the vocational work in
-Nova Scotia is interesting and illuminating, and promises much for the
-future in pointing the way to further developments in our hospital
-treatment and the reclaiming of the productive power of our men who have
-been or will be crippled by accident or disease.
-
-It was very evident from the first experience with returned disabled
-soldiers in Canadian convalescent hospitals, that they needed some
-definite work to engage their attention just as soon as they were able
-to do it. After a prolonged illness their morale was very low, and many
-were convinced that they were so badly disabled that they would never be
-good for anything again. Nerves, muscles, and tendons which had been
-seriously damaged by wounds, could be healed and brought back to part of
-their former power by operative treatment, massage, electric therapy,
-etc., but at a certain stage further improvement could take place only
-through the action of the _will_ of the patient. At this point the
-soldier will try to make his damaged body function properly if he is
-absorbed in some interesting task.
-
-Consequently, handicraft work was introduced into the hospitals under
-the title of ward occupations. In the summer of 1917 volunteers from the
-V.A.D. of the St. John Ambulance Association were trained in different
-handicrafts at the Nova Scotia Technical College, and gave their
-services to the patients at Camp Hill and Pine Hill Hospitals. The value
-of the work soon became apparent, and a central training school for ward
-aides, as the handicraft teachers were called, was opened in Toronto.
-Young women of education, character, and aptitude were carefully
-selected for this work, and as soon as they had been given training,
-they were placed in every military hospital and sanitarium. They
-co-operated with the medical officers and nursing sisters in every
-particular, and a combined effort was made to get every patient busy at
-some kind of work just as soon as he was able to do anything. Basketry,
-weaving, embroidery, leather tooling, raffia work, toy-making, wood
-carving, art craft, metal work, and other forms of occupation were
-provided. The chief difficulty was in first getting the individual
-interested; and this task took an immense amount of tact and persuasion
-in some instances.
-
-The underlying motive was to divert the man’s mind from its morbid state
-and to give him a mental stimulus back toward civilian life. In the
-majority of cases, the patient would make artistic objects for his
-relatives and friends. If he wished to keep the articles he merely paid
-for the cost of the material, but if he did not want them the Vocational
-Branch offered them for sale at a fair commercial value, deducted the
-cost of raw materials and gave the balance to the patient. There was no
-idea of instructing the men in gainful trades Which they could follow
-after their discharge.
-
-Too high a tribute cannot be paid to the high character and ability and
-the unflagging devotion of the Nova Scotia Ward Aides. They gave the
-same high form of unselfish, patriotic service that was characteristic
-of the best groups of women workers. The ward occupations were of
-enormous benefit in making the weary hours of the days pass quickly, in
-improving the discipline in the institutions, and in materially
-shortening the time of treatment in many cases. The handicraft work has
-been specially developed for insane patients, and helps to fill the
-pathetic lives of the soldiers confined in the Nova Scotia Hospital for
-the Insane.
-
-A large proportion of the men in the institutions were not confined to
-their wards. Their disabilities were such, or they had reached such an
-advanced stage in their treatment, that they were able to move about and
-to perform light work. For these cases there was only a half-hour a day
-of treatment, and the rest of the time might be spent in playing cards,
-in reading magazines, or in sheer idleness. There was great danger that
-the men might become “hospitalized” and unfitted for the stern tasks of
-industrial life. Therefore, curative workshops were provided, where a
-wide range of classes was held for six or seven hours a day. Practical
-and accomplished instructors were in charge of the various branches, and
-nearly every soldier, physically fit to pursue such studies, could find
-something of interest and value. Many of the patients had never had a
-fair chance to get a good education, and a goodly number who had had
-such an opportunity had not availed themselves of it. A few of the
-soldiers did not even know how to read and write. As mechanics, most of
-the soldiers had acquired such skill as they possessed in a careless and
-haphazard manner and were not thoroughly competent. To suit the general
-needs and tastes of the patients, instruction was offered in business
-English, practical arithmetic, practical algebra, geometry and
-trigonometry, bookkeeping, stenography and typewriting, telegraphy,
-mechanical and architectural drafting, gardening, woodworking, shoe
-repairing, automobile driving and repair, etc.
-
-These adult students made amazing progress in their studies. Those who
-had forgotten all their mathematics, except the first four rules,
-covered years of school work in a few months, and in going over it the
-second time would never again forget it. Foreigners and men who were
-illiterate learned the rudiments of arithmetic and the English language
-in a surprisingly short time. Others were absorbed in the work of the
-different classes, and gained valuable knowledge according to their
-ability and the length of time they stayed in the hospital. For some of
-them, who were not entitled to industrial re-training after discharge,
-it was their only opportunity to get general or vocational education.
-For those who were so disabled that they could not return to their old
-occupations, the curative workshops offered a trying-out ground where
-they could test their aptitudes and often lay a solid basis for further
-training. It was a pathetic as well as an inspiring sight to see some
-grizzled hero bringing back muscular power to a scarred and withered arm
-in planing a piece of wood to make some piece of furniture for his home.
-The workshop offered practically the only method of treatment to the
-neurasthenic or “shell-shocked” patient. No medicine or massage or
-operation could help him, and only the stimulation of his self-interest
-in class work could get him to forget himself and thus gradually bring
-him back to normal.
-
-The first curative workshop classes to be opened in the Dominion started
-at the Ross Convalescent Hospital in Sydney, on April 4, 1916. They were
-rapidly developed in every hospital and sanatorium throughout Canada,
-and proved of immense benefit in helping to re-establish our disabled
-soldiers who received treatment in Canada.
-
-By far the most important division of the vocational work of civil
-re-establishment, however, was the industrial re-training. France and
-Belgium showed the way in which crippled men could be trained for future
-usefulness in suitable trades; and practically every belligerent country
-evolved a system of human rehabilitation for maimed soldiers. Canada had
-the advantage of time to plan and develop her methods of dealing with
-this problem before she was swamped with numbers, and consequently was
-able to establish a uniform system with centralized authority. The basis
-of the whole work was to give suitable training for every soldier who,
-through some disability incurred in military service, could not
-efficiently resume the occupation which he followed prior to enlistment.
-In addition to this class, all men classed as minors, who had enlisted
-under the age of eighteen, were later given training if their war
-service had seriously interfered with their preparation for their chosen
-occupation, whether they were disabled or not.
-
-Every effort was made to place the disabled man in the right position.
-He was interviewed by a sympathetic and competent official and
-counselled intelligently about the important choice of a new trade. The
-soldier already had industrial experience and, in the majority of cases,
-had some definite idea of what he wished to do. If his conceptions of
-the duties, remuneration, conditions of work, chances for promotion,
-stability, etc., in the new occupation, were wrong, he was reasonably
-and patiently advised to make another choice. The disabled man, however,
-always made the decision about his own future. His own wishes were
-followed as far as possible, because he would make a failure of his
-training and of his new occupation if he himself was not satisfied and
-enthusiastic.
-
-The queer trait of human nature that considers “distant fields as ever
-green” was much in evidence. During his former experience, the disabled
-soldier had always had a conviction that some other job completely
-outside of his own vocation was easier and better paid, or that some new
-development of industry was holding out its arms and screaming for
-workers. Consequently, there was a common tendency to enter some
-vocation wholly outside of his former experience. Most of the men were
-extremely reasonable and when all the facts were put before them they
-made wise decisions. Every definite effort was made to keep the man as
-close as possible to the industry in which he was employed before
-enlistment. If they had all tried to crowd into a few of the highly
-skilled occupations, there would not have been vacancies enough to give
-them all employment. So the training was made as wide as business and
-industry. Schools and classes were organized and equipped for those
-vocations which needed preliminary education under skilled instructors,
-and for which comparatively large groups of men were preparing. In cases
-where men were deficient in general education, and needed some
-fundamental knowledge of English and arithmetic in order to succeed,
-they were given intensive preliminary instruction for one, two or three
-months before starting specialized vocational training. Every
-educational institution which offered intensive practical courses
-leading to wage-earning power, was made use of to the fullest extent.
-Industry itself, however, offered the widest opportunities, and a great
-proportion of the students were placed directly in industry to learn
-there how to fill the job acceptably under working conditions, so that
-at the end of their period of training they could slip over on the pay
-roll of the employer without any break. Other men, who had preliminary
-training in the special trade classes established by the Department of
-Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment, were placed in industry for the latter
-part of their period of education so that they would get accustomed to
-workshop conditions, and in order that there would be no appreciable
-hiatus between training and employment.
-
-In order to provide ample means for the training and employment of the
-thousands of men the War produced, it was necessary to secure the
-closest co-operation of the employers, trade unions, and the general
-public. It is a pleasure to chronicle the fact that everybody gave
-active help without stint. The Dominion Steel Corporation and the Nova
-Scotia Steel and Coal Company, the largest single employers of labor in
-Nova Scotia, announced publicly that they would find a suitable place
-for every one of their former employees who had gone into military
-service and who desired work after his discharge. They carried out their
-promise, and also provided every possible facility for re-training
-disabled men. Trade unions also gave generous assistance, and waived all
-restrictions regarding apprenticeship where these might be detrimental
-to maimed and crippled soldiers who were learning new trades. Without
-all this splendid co-operation, the results achieved in Canada in
-re-training the disabled soldiers for future usefulness would have been
-impossible.
-
-The usual period of time that was found necessary to put the discharged
-soldiers on their feet so that they could earn the prevailing wage in a
-new occupation, was seven or eight months. During the War, when all
-labor was very scarce, employers would accept men and give them full
-wages after about six months’ training, but when competition became
-keener and more workers became available in 1919, eight months was found
-to be necessary in most cases, and sometimes even a whole year. During
-the period of learning a new vocation, the soldier’s pension was
-suspended, and he and his dependants received a uniform scale of pay and
-allowances as follows:—
-
-       Single man                               $60 00 per month.
-       Married man and wife                      85 00   „    „
-       Married man with wife and one child       95 00   „    „
-       Married man with wife and two children   103 00   „    „
-       Married man with wife and three children 110 00   „    „
-       For each additional child above three      6 00   „    „
-
-If training caused the man to live apart from his dependants, an extra
-allowance of $16.00 per month was granted. Owing to the increased cost
-of living, these rates were advanced on September 1, 1920.
-
-All classes carried on by the Department of Civil Re-establishment in
-Nova Scotia were conducted for eight hours per day in order to get the
-men accustomed to the conditions prevailing in industry. Where men were
-sent to educational institutions, or were apprenticed in industry, they
-were subject to the rules and regulations in force at the place where
-they were learning.
-
-The scope of the work widened rapidly as it progressed until men were
-being re-trained for more than 300 different occupations. It is not
-necessary to give a list of these occupations, but the comprehensive
-field covered may be imagined if only those classified under the letter
-“A” were mentioned:—
-
-                  Accountant.
-                  Adding Machine Operator.
-                  Adding Machine Repairer.
-                  Advertising Agent.
-                  Aeroplane Manufacturing Worker.
-                  Agriculture—Bee Keeping.
-                               Dairying.
-                               Farm Tractor Operating.
-                               Farm Mechanics.
-                               Floriculture.
-                               Fruit Raising.
-                               General Farming.
-                               Horticulture.
-                               Market Gardening.
-                               Poultry Raising.
-                               Seed Testing.
-                               University Course.
-                  Air Brake Mechanic.
-                  Architectural Draftsman.
-                  Armature Winder.
-                  Artificial Limb Maker.
-                  Art Lead Glazer.
-                  Art Metal Worker.
-                  Assayer.
-                  Auctioneer.
-                  Automobile Mechanic.
-                  Automobile Painter.
-                  Automobile Salesman.
-                  Automobile Storage Battery Repairer.
-                  Automobile Tire Vulcanizer.
-                  Automobile Truck Driver.
-                  Automobile Upholsterer.
-
-The man who was placed in industry for training or employment was kept
-under constant supervision and visited every two or three weeks to
-ascertain his progress. If he was not securing proper treatment or
-opportunity to learn, he was moved to some other position. If his choice
-of occupation had not been wise, he was tried out in some other line of
-work. After he had finished his course, he was visited at least once a
-month for four months to see that his re-establishment was complete and
-his progress satisfactory.
-
-The first group to receive industrial re-training in Canada consisted of
-a number of unfortunate members of a British West India Regiment. A
-large number were landed in Halifax in February, 1917, from a transport
-and were sent to hospital to be treated for severe frost bite. Nine of
-them had to have both legs amputated and eight of them lost one leg or a
-portion of a leg. Previous to enlistment these Jamaicans had been
-“cultivators” or agricultural laborers, and had very little education.
-When their hospital treatment was completed they were re-trained by the
-Vocational Branch in Halifax. Mr. W. J. Clayton gave over his whole
-residence and the Provincial Branch of the Red Cross Society fitted it
-up completely for a convalescent hospital and re-training centre. The
-men were given instruction in three trades suitable to their disability,
-viz., tailoring, shoe repairing, and tin-smithing. At the end of five
-and one-half months they were sent back to Jamaica able to earn at least
-fifty per cent. more in their new occupations than they had received
-before as laborers.
-
-The work of re-training disabled Nova Scotian soldiers began seriously
-in the spring of 1917. A centre was established at the Technical College
-in Halifax. It was fortunate, indeed, that the Province had embarked on
-its scheme of technical education before the War, and that this splendid
-institution stood ready with all its equipment and trained Staff to
-render service to the men disabled in war. The Provincial Government
-turned practically the whole establishment over to the Dominion
-Government for this work. Classes in garage mechanics, automobile tire
-vulcanizing, electricity, mechanical, architectural and ship drafting,
-land surveying, machine tool operation, stationary engineering,
-oxyacetylene welding, shoe repairing, etc., were organized. The
-institution became a busy hive of industry. The numbers grew until
-larger quarters had to be secured for part of the classes. In the summer
-of 1919 a large group of demobilization barracks on Cunard St., Halifax,
-was taken over and specially fitted and equipped for educational
-purposes. This was called the Borden Re-training Centre, and the main
-portion of the work has been done there since that time. A number of the
-classes are still maintained at the Technical College, and this service
-will be rendered by the College until the whole task is completed.
-
-The number of re-training students in Nova Scotia increased rapidly in
-1919 until it reached its peak with a strength of about 2,300 in March,
-1920. From this number it has rapidly declined. Altogether, in the
-Province, about 4,000 returned men have been granted courses to this
-date. When one considers that they were training for nearly 300 trades,
-and that they were being admitted to and discharged from courses every
-day, that they and their dependants must be paid twice a month, that
-employment must be found for them, that they must be followed up for
-four months after completing their training, and thousands of their
-difficulties smoothed out, the magnitude of the task can be appreciated.
-
-A centre for re-training men in agriculture was established at the Nova
-Scotia Agricultural College at Truro. Here again this advantage of
-having a fully equipped institution, with a Staff of highly-trained
-specialists ready to render service to the discharged soldiers, cannot
-be overestimated. All the re-training students from the three Maritime
-Provinces were sent here, because it was the only place in this area
-competent to meet their needs. Special courses adapted for the purpose
-were provided, and the regular Staff of the College gave unstintingly of
-their time and knowledge. Like the Technical College, the Agricultural
-College allowed discharged soldiers to attend all regular courses
-without any tuition fees. The number of men applying for re-training in
-agricultural branches was small because most forms of farming demand
-physical fitness, and the army experience of the soldiers tended to make
-them wish to stick to industries in the towns.
-
-Contrary to the expectations of the public, very few men were blinded in
-the army. Wounds that would deprive a man of his sight usually killed
-him. Out of our forces of about a half million men, only 130 have had
-their vision impaired to such an extent that they require re-training.
-The Canadian authorities arranged with Sir Arthur Pearson that the blind
-men should all be trained in that splendid institution, St. Dunstan’s
-Hostel, in London. In the early days of the War, however, a few blinded
-men drifted back to Canada without training. These were collected and
-about a dozen sent to Halifax, where they were given special instruction
-under the Military Hospitals Commission at the School for the Blind.
-They were taught Braille reading and writing, typewriting, Braille
-stenography, massage, and shoe repairing. Most of the men made
-remarkable progress, and are successfully earning their own livings
-to-day.
-
-Altogether Canada has granted about 53,000 courses of re-training. From
-the very first she has followed a sane, practical policy, and has
-enjoyed the advantages of uniformity and centralized control throughout
-all the Provinces.
-
-The results speak for themselves. In Nova Scotia 65 per cent. of the men
-who have completed their courses are successfully re-established in the
-occupation for which they were trained. Another 20 per cent. are earning
-satisfactory wages in other lines of work than those for which they were
-specifically prepared. These men have changed because they saw better
-opportunities for themselves, individually, in another vocation, or they
-may have felt fit enough, after their course, to return to their old
-occupation. Their training will not be lost, because they are so much
-more competent because of having it. Ten per cent. of the men have gone
-out of the Province and cannot be traced. It is safe to conclude that
-most of these are successfully re-established. Two per cent. of the men
-are reported as unemployed, but it is not known to what extent this is
-due to lack of temporary opportunity or disinclination on the part of
-the man. Three per cent. of the men are reported as still ill and
-temporarily under treatment.
-
-This high salvage among war-wrecked men can be accepted with great
-satisfaction by every patriotic Canadian. Without the loyal co-operation
-of every section of society and the unflagging devotion to duty on the
-part of the large Staff of returned men who were engaged in
-administration and instruction, these results would have been
-impossible. Canada’s record of reconstruction and her efforts to
-rehabilitate the brave soldiers who gave of their youth and strength in
-the service of the country, stand on a par with her military
-achievements.
-
-
-
-
-                               CHAPTER L.
-                         _THE PATRIOTIC FUND._
-
-
-The Nova Scotia Branch of the Canadian Patriotic Fund was organized in
-Halifax, September 2, 1914, with the late Lieutenant-Governor Hon. James
-D. MacGregor as Chairman of the Provincial Executive. On completion of
-his term of office as Governor, he was succeeded by Hon. David McKeen as
-Chairman, who acted to the time of his death, November 13, 1916. On
-appointment to the office of Lieutenant-Governor, His Honor MacCallum
-Grant became Chairman of the Executive. Other members of the Executive
-who have continued in office from September, 1914, to date, are:—Hon. G.
-H. Murray, M.P.P., Premier and Provincial Secretary; Hon. Chief Justice
-Harris, Hon. E. N. Rhodes, M.P., the Chairman of County Branches; H. A.
-Flemming, Treasurer; and Arthur S. Barnstead, B.A., LL.B., Secretary.
-
-The total amount raised and remitted to the Honorary Treasurer to March
-31, 1919, was $1,847,883.31, and to March 31, 1920, was $1,862,431.80.
-The total amount disbursed was to March 31, 1919, $1,628,177.04, and to
-March 31, 1920, $1,726,520.30.
-
-The Central Executive arranged for the collection of the amounts
-allotted to the Province in connection with the various campaigns, and
-county committees co-operating. With but one exception, every county
-municipality contributed to the Fund, and practically every town of the
-Province made grants. In two or three towns, private individuals made
-collections for the Fund where no grant was made by the Town Council.
-
-The distribution of relief was supervised by the Provincial Executive,
-requisitions being drawn by the treasurer of every county for the money
-required, the list of beneficiaries being carefully checked before the
-money was placed to the credit of the local treasurer. The result of
-co-operation between the Provincial Executive and the various relief
-committees was so beneficial that very little difficulty arose and the
-rules and regulations of the Fund were very carefully observed.
-Complaints by the families of soldiers themselves were very few, and all
-complaints were readily adjusted. The expense of both collections and
-disbursements was kept at a low figure, there being only one or two paid
-officials in the larger counties, and these but part time. In addition
-to that, some small grants were made for stenographic and clerical
-assistance.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER LI.
-                         _VICTORY LOAN, 1919._
-
-
-                    Provincial Executive Committee.
-
-                   G. S. Campbell    Chairman.
-                   S. A. Heward      Secretary.
-
-                   R. H. Metzler.
-                   P. R. Jack.
-                   W. B. Milner.
-                   A. F. Mackintosh.
-                   H. M. Bradford.
-                   R. W. Elliott.
-                   B. G. Burrill.
-                   W. F. Mahon.
-                   W. I. MacDougall.
-                   H. C. Coughtry.
-
-
-                          Bankers’ Committee.
-
-                   D. Macgillivray   Chairman.
-
-                   H. A. Flemming.
-                   A. E. Nash.
-                   F. St. C. Harris.
-                   F. O. Robertson.
-
-
-                          Publicity Committee.
-
-                   Chairman          J. R. McLeod.
-
-
-                        Special Names Committee.
-
-                   Chairman          B. G. Burrill.
-
-
-                      Provincial Press Committee.
-
-                   Chairman          Dr. J. D. Logan.
-
-
-                               Chairmen.
-
-        County.           1917–18.                 1919.
-     Annapolis      Hon. S. W. W. Pickup. Hon. S. W. W. Pickup.
-     Antigonish     Rev. J. T. Tompkins.  Rev. R. S. Macgillivray.
-     Cape Breton    John E. Burchell.     Walter Crowe, K.C.
-     Colchester     A. J. Campbell, K.C.  A. J. Campbell, K.C.
-     Cumberland     J. R. Douglas.        Percy C. Black.
-     Clare          E. L. Comeau.         E. L. Comeau.
-     Digby          H. B. Short.          H. B. Short.
-     Guysboro       E. C. Whitman.        E. C. Whitman.
-     Hants          Rev. Dr. T. S. Boyle. Rev. Dr. T. S. Boyle.
-     Inverness      Rev. A. L. McDonald.  Rev. A. L. McDonald.
-     Kings          W. H. Chase.          George E. Graham.
-     Lunenburg      J. J. Kinley, M.P.P.  J. J. Kinley, M.P.P.
-     Pictou East    R. M. McGregor.       John D. McDonald.
-     Pictou West    R. M. McGregor.       J. Ed. McDonald.
-     Queens         A. W. Hendry.         George S. McClearn.
-     Richmond       D. H. Campbell.       D. H. Campbell.
-     Shelburne      R. Irwin, M.P.P.      R. Irwin, M.P.P.
-     Victoria       Hon. W. F. McCurdy.   Hon. W. F. McCurdy.
-     Yarmouth       E. K. Spinney, M.P.   E. K. Spinney, M.P.
-     Halifax County Hon. G. E. Faulkner.  Hon. G. E Faulkner.
-     Halifax City   W. A. Black.          W. A. Black.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  GEORGE S. CAMPBELL.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  WILLIAM BLACK.]
-
-
-               1917 and 1918 Victory Loans—Final Returns.
-
-        County.         No.    No.     Volume      Volume     Objective
-                        Sub.   Sub.     1917.       1918.       1918.
-                       1917.  1918.
- Halifax City           7,656  9,918  $4,592,500  $9,314,050  $5,000,000
- Halifax County         1,472  2,402     533,200   1,003,950     615,000
-                       —————— —————— ——————————— ——————————— ———————————
- City and County        9,128 12,320   5,125,700  10,318,000   5,615,000
- Annapolis              1,418  1,357     497,950     623,750     500,000
- Antigonish             1,218  1,369     430,000     554,050     430,000
- Cape Breton           11,251 17,551   4,208,100   6,631,900   4,000,000
- Colchester             2,294  2,693   1,003,500   1,374,130   1,000,000
- Cumberland             3,605  3,388   2,137,800   3,080,350   1,500,000
- Digby Municipality       844    927     292,850     463,100     500,000
- Clare Municipality              152                 124,250
- Guysboro               1,079  1,258     377,900     425,850     375,000
- Hants                  1,460  1,873     527,300     793,100     650,000
- Inverness                920    922     324,900     399,700     325,000
- Kings                  1,817  2,305     586,150     847,060     650,000
- Lunenburg              1,236  2,880     570,250   1,462,600   1,000,000
- Pictou                 5,679  7,661   2,073,750   4,044,500   2,000,000
- Queens                   628    634     258,150     343,400     300,000
- Richmond                 638    564     164,500     200,650     175,000
- Shelburne                679    896     317,400     411,150     350,000
- Victoria                 429    504     161,600     178,400     160,000
- Yarmouth               1,115  1,505     457,450     767,760     600,000
-                       —————— —————— ——————————— ——————————— ———————————
-         Total         45,438 60,759 $19,515,250 $33,043,700 $20,130,000
-
-Unofficial objective, $25,000,000, being Nova Scotia’s proportion of
-$500,000,000.
-
-
-               Nova Scotia Victory Loan Campaign, 1919.
-
-             County.           Objective.  Subscribed. No. of Subs.
-    Halifax City                $4,750,000  $6,896,900        6,781
-    Halifax County                 475,000   1,521,000        2,421
-                               ——————————— ———————————       ——————
-    City and County              5,225,000   8,417,900        9,202
-    Annapolis                      350,000     628,250        1,008
-    Antigonish                     300,000     453,200          786
-    Cape Breton                  3,500,000   4,936,200        8,801
-    Colchester                     700,000   1,182,000        1,843
-    Cumberland                   1,250,000   3,199,650        2,266
-    Digby (Clare Municipality)     175,000     180,350          144
-    Digby (Digby Municipality)     175,000     339,350          458
-    Guysboro                       275,000     490,000          893
-    Hants                          500,000     618,000        1,147
-    Inverness                      225,000     399,100          711
-    Kings                          550,000     932,800        1,523
-    Lunenburg                      750,000   1,247,750        1,789
-    Pictou                       2,000,000   3,174,700        2,812
-    Queens                         245,000     335,000          453
-    Richmond                       100,000     201,850          295
-    Shelburne                      275,000     376,100          628
-    Victoria                       100,000     229,700          358
-    Yarmouth                       450,000   1,180,000        1,281
-                               ——————————— ———————————       ——————
-              Total            $17,145,000 $28,521,900       36,398
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER LII.
-  _RED CROSS SOCIETY, WILLING WAR WORKERS, GREEN FEATHER SOCIETY, AND
-                       CATHOLIC LADIES SOCIETY._
-
-
-The Red Cross has been the Angel of Mercy to the soldier lying on his
-fevered couch in hospital, for it brought to him succor and a message of
-hope and cheer. But coming in contact with it at a time when he was
-least able to apprehend the efforts which brought the help so sorely
-needed, he is apt to regard the Red Cross as a field institution and
-fails to appreciate the labor and sacrifice of the women at home who
-made its work of mercy possible.
-
-The work of the Nova Scotia Branch of the Canadian Red Cross Society has
-been the raising of money, manufacturing and distribution of goods,
-visiting and supplying the needs of hospital ships, trains, military and
-convalescent hospitals, and arranging concerts, drives and
-entertainments at private homes for returned men. Its work did not
-terminate with the declaration of peace but still goes on in almost as
-great a measure as in time of war, and will continue to do so as long as
-one returned soldier remains in our hospitals.
-
-Many Nova Scotians, as well as returned men, do not appreciate the
-magnitude of the task accomplished by the Nova Scotia Branch of the
-Canadian Red Cross, and it is only possible here to give a brief outline
-of its activities. The women of every city, town and village in the
-Province gave the best of their thought, substance and action in order
-that the citizen soldier of Nova Scotia, whether in the fighting line or
-in hospital convalescing from wounds might have every possible comfort.
-At the end of 1915 the Province had thirty-one chartered and two hundred
-and sixty-eight auxiliary branches of the Red Cross. Every village and
-hamlet had its workers who contributed a steady stream of supplies and
-an enormous amount of labor devolved upon the Provincial Branch at
-Halifax, which acted as a Clearing House for all branches throughout the
-Province.
-
-The officers of the Provincial Branch during the War, with slight
-changes of office but not of personnel, were as follows:
-
-
-                               _Patrons._
-
-             His Honor Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Grant.
-
-
-                              _President._
-
-                          Mrs. William Dennis.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. DENNIS.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. CHARLES ARCHIBALD.]
-
-
-                           _Vice-Presidents._
-
-                        Mrs. F. H. Sexton.
-                        Mrs. F. B. McCurdy.
-                        Mrs. Chas. Archibald.
-                        Mrs. Hector McInnis.
-                        Mrs. M. A. Curry (Hon.)
-
-
-                           _Hon. Secretary._
-
-                          Miss Margaret Brown.
-
-
-                           _Hon. Treasurer._
-
-                           H. E. Mahon, Ess.
-
-
-                         _Executive Committee._
-
-                     Mrs. T. Benson.
-                     Mrs. A. W. Jamieson.
-                     Mrs. G. S. Campbell.
-                     Mrs. F. Woodbury.
-                     Mrs. W. J. Armitage.
-                     Mrs. E. A. Kirkpatrick.
-                     Mrs. N. Duffus.
-                     Mrs. A. Costley.
-                     Mrs. W. E. McLellan.
-                     Mrs. F. B. McCurdy.
-                     Mrs. H. W. Cunningham.
-                     Mrs. L. J. Donaldson.
-                     Mrs. G. A. MacIntosh.
-                     Mrs. W. R. Foster, Dartmouth.
-                     Mrs. A. P. Scarfe, Dartmouth.
-                     Mrs. Crathorne, Dartmouth.
-                     Mrs. W. S. Munnis.
-                     Miss Jean Forrest.
-                     Miss Constance Bell.
-                     Mrs. Sedley Thompson.
-                     Miss Ella Ritchie.
-                     Mrs. McKay McLeod, Sydney.
-                     Mrs. M. A. Curry.
-                     Mrs. T. S. Rogers.
-                     Mrs. Frank Hope.
-                     Mrs. J. A. Clark.
-                     Mrs. I. B. Schaffner.
-                     Mrs. P. J. McManus.
-                     Mrs. W. T. Allen.
-                     Mrs. J. W. Longley.
-                     Mrs. Geoffrey Morrow.
-
-              Also the President of each Chartered Branch.
-
-
-      _Provincial Representatives on Central Council at Toronto._
-
-                        Mrs. William Dennis.
-                        Mrs. Charles Archibald.
-                        J. L. Hetherington.
-                        H. E. Mahon.
-
-
-                           _Advisory Board._
-
-                   Mr. J. L. Hetherington, Chairman.
-                   Mr. J. A. Neville.
-                   Mr. H. E. Mahon, Treasurer.
-                   Mr. C. C. Starr.
-                   Mr. Chas. V. Monoghan.
-                   Mr. Emil Gaboury.
-                   Mr. R. Corbett.
-                   Mr. H. McF. Hall.
-                   Mr. W. H. Dennis.
-                   Mr. F. A. Gillis.
-
-The annual report of the Provincial Branch for the year ended October
-31, 1916, shows a balance on hand at first of year of $10,961.26 and
-receipts for the year of $52,667.62. Disbursements amounted to
-$56,584.89, of which the principal items were:
-
- Remittances to Head Office, Toronto                          $29,278 38
- Remittances to endow 50 cots in Princess Patricia Hospital     2,500 00
- Material for surgical dressings and garments, and wool for
-   socks                                                       18,163 17
- Office maintenance and expenses at Shipping Pier               1,388 12
- Clayton Military Convalescent Home                             1,993 67
- Contributions to Special Objects                               1,141 21
-
-The sum of $9,405.25 was collected for Prisoners’ Relief Account and
-$8,800 sent to England for expenditure. In addition to the above amounts
-the people of Nova Scotia subscribed $1,500 to the Duchess of Connaught
-Prisoners’ Fund and $78,433.03 to the British Red Cross.
-
-Two thousand four hundred and seventy cases of goods were sent Overseas
-during the year, including 78 cases furnished No. 7 (Dalhousie)
-Stationary Hospital, 112 cases to No. 9 (St. Francis Xavier) Stationary
-Hospital, 11 cases to Serbia and 60 to France.
-
-During the year ended October 31, 1917, the following amounts were
-collected:
-
-                For General Purposes          $62,179 80
-                For Prisoners’ Fund            18,790 22
-                For French Red Cross           21,897 63
-                British Red Cross Collection  100,000 00
-                                             ———————————
-                                             $202,867 65
-
-The principal items of expenditure were:
-
- Purchase of materials, hospital supplies, etc.               $39,674 84
- Sundry supplies                                                1,318 60
- Marine and Fire Insurance                                      2,351 50
- Contributions to Special Objects                               4,706 51
- Tobacco, fruits and comforts at Pier 2 and City Military
-   Hospitals                                                    3,963 05
- Remittance to Head Office, Toronto                            32,020 70
- Office Expenses                                                2,055 66
- Forwarded to England for support of prisoners                 12,000 00
- Forwarded to Toronto                                           2,000 00
- Forwarded to England for books for prisoners                     100 00
-
-Two thousand and ninety-nine cases of goods were sent Overseas, and a
-greatly enlarged demand for goods was made on this side of the water
-owing to the increasing number of returned men and the opening of the
-new convalescent hospitals as well as the arrival and departure of
-hospital ships and trains. The following institutions were supplied with
-goods on their requisitions:
-
-                  Clayton Military Convalescent Home.
-                  C.E.D. Corps.
-                  Discharge Depot.
-                  Hospital at Pier 2.
-                  Pine Hill Convalescent Home.
-                  Rockhead Hospital (Soldiers’ ward).
-                  Infectious Hospital.
-                  Military Hospital, Cogswell Street.
-                  Hospital Ships.
-                  Hospital Trains.
-                  Kentville Sanitarium.
-                  Dalton, P.E.I.
-                  Camp Hill Hospital.
-                  Truro Military Hospital.
-                  Aldershot Field Hospital.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. F. B. M‘CURDY.]
-
-Visitors were always on hand on the arrival of hospital ships and the
-departure of hospital trains to welcome the returning men and to see
-that they had every comfort necessary for the remainder of their
-journey. A room was given to the Red Cross Society for the storing of
-supplies at Pier 2. This was found most useful, as boats and trains were
-despatched as soon as possible—only a few hours’ notice being given for
-the filling of requisitions, which work, however, was speedily and ably
-done by Mrs. Sexton and her committee, Mrs. F. B. McCurdy and Mrs. W. T.
-Allen, the latter of whom carried on the work to the termination. Many
-returned men were detained for days at Pier 2 until they went before
-their medical board. For these, concerts and entertainments were
-provided every evening by the Y.M.C.A., the Red Cross Society and the
-Churches. A special Y.M.C.A. Musical Club was formed in this connection
-which gave entertainments at a few hours’ notice.
-
-Two exhibitions of Red Cross work were held during the year, one at the
-Nova Scotia Provincial Fair, and another at the Exhibit of War Trophies,
-held in the Armories.
-
-A Committee on Sphagnum Surgical Dressings, under the able supervision
-of the Secretary, Miss Margaret Brown, was appointed. Dalhousie
-University very kindly gave the use of a fine laboratory, where boxes of
-sphagnum, collected from various points along the sea coast of the
-Province were prepared for use.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MISS MARGARET BROWN.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MISS JEAN FORREST.]
-
-Miss Jean Forrest was appointed Superintendent of Supplies at the
-Technical College and distributed parcels of yarn and cut-out work at
-wholesale prices, to some one hundred and thirty branches who found it
-difficult to obtain supplies locally.
-
-The cost of maintaining a prisoner of war at this time was $15 per
-month. The Nova Scotia Red Cross assumed the burden of two-thirds, or
-$10 per month for 270 men, the Canadian Red Cross paying the additional
-$5. The monthly sum required from Nova Scotia for the support of
-prisoners was therefore $2,700.
-
-Receipts for the year ended October 31, 1918, amounted to $408,482.66,
-of which $334,176.40 was raised by a Provincial Red Cross drive for
-funds during the second week in July.
-
-The Canadian Red Cross Society at their Annual Meeting, held in Toronto
-in 1917, decided to ask the different Provinces to raise certain sums of
-money during the year. Two hundred thousand dollars was named for Nova
-Scotia, but the Finance Committee knowing full well that the people of
-the Province would gladly contribute to the Red Cross War Fund raised
-the objective to $250,000, and then started to work under the able
-direction of Mr. J. L. Hetherington and Mr. H. E. Mahon. Committees of
-citizens were formed in all the counties, and a complete organization
-arranged, with the result that every county “went over the top,” and the
-total amount contributed was $343,701.77. From this was deducted
-$9,525.37 for expenses in connection with the campaign, leaving the net
-amount of $334,176.40 to the Red Cross Society. Never did men and women
-from one end of the Province to the other work more enthusiastically,
-and never did our people contribute more liberally than to this appeal
-from “the Greatest Mother in the World.”
-
-The following amounts were raised in the several counties:
-
-                     Counties—
-
-                       Annapolis          $9,713 54
-                       Antigonish          5,598 33
-                       Cape Breton        42,150 29
-                       Colchester         20,444 29
-                       Cumberland         20,196 46
-                       Digby               4,464 04
-                       Guysboro            5,521 24
-                       Halifax (City)    110,416 87
-                       Halifax (County)   15,425 31
-                       Hants              10,340 00
-                       Inverness           2,903 67
-                       Kings              10,650 00
-                       Lunenburg          14,446 47
-                       Pictou             40,235 27
-                       Queens              6,341 61
-                       Richmond            2,332 47
-                       Shelburne           7,500 00
-                       Victoria            2,463 38
-                       Yarmouth           11,510 36
-                       Special             1,048 17
-                                        ———————————
-                            Total       $343,701 77
-                       Expenses            9,525 37
-                                        ———————————
-                         Final Total    $334,176 46
-
-The expenditure for the year 1918 included:
-
-   Purchase of materials, hospital supplies, etc          $38,700 04
-   Sundry Supplies                                          1,218 32
-   Comforts to City Military Hospitals and Hospital Ships   9,331 67
-   Special objects designated by remitters                  4,158 53
-   Remittances to Head Office, Toronto                    325,931 70
-   Office Expenses and wages at Pier 2                      2,746 49
-
-During the year 1918 the public maintained their interest in the
-Prisoners of War Department of the Red Cross. The amount collected was
-$20,943.01, of which $19,013.00 was forwarded to headquarters in London,
-England, for the support of prisoners. The food rations of each prisoner
-of war were despatched regularly three times every fortnight, which,
-considering there were 270 men on the list, was no light undertaking. In
-addition to the food supply the prisoners received two complete outfits
-of clothing, including everything from shoes and socks to overcoats.
-
-After the signing of the Armistice the work of repatriating prisoners
-went steadily on, and each steamer brought men who had spent many weary
-months in the prison camps, and they all testified to the value of the
-work done by this Society and declared that it was solely due to this
-that they were enabled to return to their homes. This department of Red
-Cross work has been most ably conducted by Mrs. Charles Archibald, nobly
-assisted by Miss Ritchie and Mrs. Longley.
-
-The beginning of this year was marked by the terrible Halifax explosion,
-by which 1,635 persons lost their lives and 10,000 people were rendered
-homeless. Much generous help was received by the stricken city. Everyone
-knows the splendid aid sent by the American Red Cross, and the people
-and Government of the United States in despatching to Halifax train
-loads and boat loads of supplies, together with surgeons and nurses.
-Their neighborly kindness will never be forgotten.
-
-But the help rendered by our own Canadian Red Cross is perhaps not so
-widely known. The Chairman of the Executive in Toronto wired to the
-shipping agent in St. John to render every assistance possible in money
-and goods. The agent, Mr. Milburne, immediately requisitioned a special
-train, and brought with him all the Red Cross goods he had ready for
-shipment Overseas, making two car loads in all. This train was the first
-assistance from outside the Province to reach Halifax. Hearing that some
-of the injured had been conveyed to Truro, Mr. Milburne put off cases of
-hospital necessaries for their use at that station. A medical supply
-committee of the Canadian Red Cross Society was immediately formed with
-the sanction of the Halifax Relief Committee, Mr. Milburne being
-appointed Chairman, and Mrs. Sexton, Vice-Chairman, with a Staff of
-forty-four voluntary workers. Twice daily all the emergency hospitals
-were visited and their wants noted and supplied the same day. The number
-of these hospitals, dressing stations, etc., amounted to sixty-two.
-
-At the same time, gifts of clothing, food and money poured in from Red
-Cross Branches all over Canada. Ottawa Branch shipped in one day eight
-carloads of clothing. The Nova Scotia Branch, under its President, Mrs.
-Dennis, co-operated heartily, practically every Branch and Auxiliary in
-the Province sending substantial and generous aid.
-
-Special mention must be made of the work of the President of the Windsor
-Red Cross, Mrs. P. M. Fielding, who organized a special train which
-arrived the evening of December 6th, bringing doctors and nurses from
-Kentville, Windsor, Truro and neighboring towns. The Windsor Red Cross
-alone spent $422.74 on Red Cross supplies and provisions for this trip,
-Hantsport and other Branches also providing hampers of food, so that the
-doctors and nurses had their meals en route and arrived in Halifax ready
-to go to work without an instant’s delay, thereby saving many lives.
-Mrs. Fielding remained in the city, established and equipped three
-dormitories, which accommodated in all seventy-five nurses. What this
-meant to the stricken city will never be computed, and the Red Cross
-feels that all who helped can never be sufficiently thanked.
-
-It was not until the end of March that the Red Cross was able to resume
-its work for returned invalided soldiers. By that time the hospital on
-Pier 2, wrecked by the explosion, had been repaired. The hospital ships
-once more made their trips, and the Red Cross storeroom on the pier was
-re-stocked. Large requisitions were filled each month; sometimes only a
-few hours’ notice was given to get the supplies on board—sometimes only
-a few minutes’ notice in the case of a hospital train. On one trip the
-ship docked in the morning, landed her men and went out again with her
-new supplies in the afternoon. At another time 1,400 shipwrecked men
-from _S.S. City of Vienna_ were visited and supplied with filled kit
-bags, containing toilet necessaries, pipes and tobacco. Directly after,
-the Committee were called upon to minister to 300 influenza contact
-cases. This necessitated the workers going into quarantine for two days,
-very busy days, too, the telegrams alone requiring upwards of 300
-telephone calls. The Y.M.C.A. and the Knights of Columbus Musical Club
-were always at hand to cheer up men who were detained by the Medical
-Board, arranging for their benefit concerts, entertainments, motor
-drives and teas at private houses.
-
-One thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight cases of goods were sent
-Overseas, and the distribution of supplies on this side grew very
-greatly during the year owing to the increasing number of returned men
-and the opening of new convalescent homes.
-
-The financial statement for the year ended October 31, 1918, shows
-receipts of $36,848.65. Expenditures amounted to $41,804.01, including
-the following items:
-
-   Purchase of materials, City and Provincial Hospitals    $12,172 04
-   Kentville Sanitarium                                      1,014 42
-   Soldiers’ Reception Committee                             9,000 00
-   Cigarettes                                                2,456 51
-   Soldiers’ Comforts                                        2,260 23
-   Libraries                                                   319 79
-   Nurses                                                      378 10
-   Furnishings                                               2,201 36
-   Clayton Hospital                                            175 00
-   Rental and Expenses at Headquarters, 314 Barrington St.   3,858 89
-   Office Expenses                                           1,789 85
-   X-Ray Machines, Kentville                                 2,396 43
-   Hospital Ships                                              823 63
-
-No salaries whatever were paid to officers of the Red Cross Society. The
-only persons connected with the work who received anything for their
-services were the shipper at Red Cross warehouse at Pier 2, who was
-responsible for the receiving and sending forward of our boxes, and the
-Office Secretary who took charge of the correspondence, kept the books,
-etc. She was assisted by a large corps of voluntary workers.
-
-With the signing of the Armistice great changes naturally took place in
-the daily work of the Nova Scotia Red Cross. Workers decreased in
-number, and those who remained faithful had to work extremely hard, as,
-although it was considered that the stores already sent would be
-sufficient for all Overseas demands, the reserve stock of stores for use
-in the hospitals in our own Province had to be kept up.
-
-At the time of the Armistice the surgical sphagnum dressings were still
-very greatly needed. Special efforts were put into this work, which
-continued till free transportation ceased on March 31st. Forty-five
-boxes of the dressings were sent Overseas. An eminent Surgeon-Colonel in
-one of the Overseas hospitals gave it as his opinion that sphagnum
-dressings had saved the situation.
-
-Work for refugees of the devastated area of France was then taken up,
-sanctioned by the Head Office in Toronto, who provided samples and gave
-permission to use Red Cross materials for this good work. The patterns
-were duplicated in our office and distributed to Branches throughout the
-Province. The work was carried on for two months and 217 boxes of
-garments were sent over.
-
-Change of quarters for the Red Cross became imperative. The Technical
-College, which had sheltered Red Cross workers during the four years of
-the War, and had so generously allowed them the use of valuable
-equipment of every kind, was now overcrowded with its own work for
-returned soldiers. It was therefore decided to take over the lease of
-No. 314 Barrington Street from the American Red Cross, which had
-occupied it for the last year.
-
-It was thought best to continue the Canteen which the American Red Cross
-had established until such time as the Y.M.C.A. should take up this
-work. This Canteen, under the management of Mrs. Sexton, had a wonderful
-success, becoming a happy and home-like centre for returned men and
-greatly appreciated—especially the hot Sunday dinners served by devoted
-workers. Much regret was expressed when, at the end of three months, it
-was closed and the work handed over to the newly-opened Red Triangle Hut
-next door.
-
-The principal work throughout the year was supplying the needs of the
-hospitals. Mrs. Munnis, who worked so faithfully as the Convener of the
-Hospital Committee resigned and was replaced by Mrs. Sexton. An enlarged
-committee was formed and a large staff of visitors began their duties,
-each having a special ward assigned to them.
-
-Twelve sun parlors at Camp Hill Hospital were furnished for the use of
-convalescents and made as comfortable and home-like as possible. The
-estimated cost was $500 each, subscribed for by the following Red Cross
-Branches: Amherst, Windsor, Wolfville, Westville, Trenton, Glace Bay,
-Halifax, Truro, Hazel Hill, Joggins Mines, New Glasgow and North Sydney.
-A brass plate, bearing the name of the donor, was affixed to the wall of
-each parlor. The cost exceeded the estimate by $240 each, which excess
-was paid from the central treasury.
-
-From November 11, 1918, until September 30, 1919, 220,000 men passed
-through the Port of Halifax, and 92 ships were met and as far as
-possible these men had the use of the Red Cross rooms at the pier. The
-Port Committee was on hand day and night to help make their landing on
-Canadian soil (many of them after years of service) a great home-coming.
-
-In the first days of disembarkation all men for Canada were held at
-Halifax for documentation. Later the military authorities changed their
-plan and it became their ambition to disembark and entrain these men in
-the shortest possible time so that only Maritime men waiting for local
-trains or men held for hospital treatment came under the care of the
-Committee.
-
-Later on the Repatriation Department of the Canadian Government
-requested the Red Cross to undertake the care of the returning soldiers’
-families. About 5,000 soldiers’ dependants passed through Halifax and a
-fully trained nurse was placed on each train containing soldiers’ wives
-and children.
-
-Hospital equipment was provided at Pier No. 2 for any women and children
-who were unfit to travel after landing from boat, or whose husbands were
-military patients and could not proceed. Often their luggage was not
-obtainable, and the Red Cross was called upon to supply such necessaries
-as infants’ outfits, women’s pyjamas and bath robes, towels, soap,
-combs, hot water bottles, medicines, etc.
-
-In March when the Canadian Government decided to send the hospital ships
-to Portland, Maine, instead of Halifax, Col. Noel Marshall requested
-that a Committee of our Port Workers should inaugurate the work at the
-new port. Mrs. W. T. Allen, Mrs. J. L. Hetherington and Mrs. F. B.
-McCurdy accordingly proceeded to Portland and very satisfactory
-arrangements were made whereby the Canadian Red Cross continued to fit
-ships with hospital stores, while the American Red Cross very
-courteously and generously provided canteen facilities and served
-refreshments to all the wounded.
-
-Perhaps no department of the Red Cross has developed more enthusiasm or
-been more splendidly supported than the work of Prisoners’ Relief. From
-a very small beginning it grew to be work of great importance, and one
-in which the people of Nova Scotia have abundantly shown their practical
-interest. It did not draw upon the general Red Cross Funds but appealed
-for a special offering from the public or from friends of men who were
-prisoners of war and found a most gratifying response, no less than
-$41,448 having been contributed for this special purpose.
-
-Approximately 270 Canadian prisoners of war in forty-one different
-internment camps in Germany were maintained wholly or in part through
-the kindness of the people of Nova Scotia, at a cost per head of $10 per
-month. Almost all these men were “adopted” by friends or societies; that
-is, such persons or societies agreed to pay a certain sum per month
-towards their maintenance, two dollars and fifty cents having been fixed
-as the minimum amount. The name and address of the adopted was given to
-the man, and his name, number and prison address to the adopter, and
-letters and cards were exchanged between them, often arousing a deep
-personal interest on the one hand and a sense of gratitude and
-appreciation on the other.
-
-Mrs. Archibald and Miss Ritchie were brought in close contact with the
-homes and families of prisoners of war. The amount of correspondence was
-very considerable, and the system used entailed a lot of bookkeeping.
-The name and number of each man, date of capture, prison camp and any
-details that could be gathered were registered on a card index. The name
-of the “adopter” was also registered both here and with the Prisoners of
-War Department in London.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. W. M‘K. M‘LEOD.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MISS CLARA DENNIS.]
-
-Close touch was kept with the Department of “Missing Men,” conducted in
-London and in a few instances it was possible to convey reassuring news
-to sorrow-stricken friends of the “missing men,” although, too often, it
-became necessary to deprive them of the hope they so touchingly clung
-to. Yet even the bad news was softened somewhat by details of the death
-or capture of a man, obtained under the system inaugurated by Lady
-Drummond of “Searchers” in hospitals who sought out wounded men of the
-same Platoon or Battalion of the person enquired for. These men, if able
-to write, would themselves send a few words telling when and where they
-had seen their less fortunate comrades. Even these meagre details were
-of some comfort to the mourning ones. Some of the heart-broken letters
-received were very hard to reply to, but when news was good and food
-parcels arrived safely showers of “acknowledgment cards” flowed in; and
-when, as often happened, the mail brought a personal letter from some
-grateful mother or a few words from some of the poor boys behind barbed
-wire “somewhere in Germany,” or when a rapturous letter came from some
-poor fellow transferred from his prison as “totally unfit” and sent to
-the free air of Switzerland, the ladies conducting this Department felt
-more than happy in being permitted to participate in such a work of
-mercy. Mrs. Archibald, Miss Ritchie, and their co-workers possessed in
-no small degree the confidence of the prisoners’ friends throughout the
-Province and deeply appreciated their attitude toward them and their
-loyalty and patience with the many unavoidable delays and mistakes.
-
-During the last two years of the War, as the work became heavier, this
-Department had associated with it Mrs. W. McK. McLeod, who acted as
-Secretary for Cape Breton, and Miss Almon. Special mention must also be
-made of the work of Miss Clara Dennis in meeting and welcoming home
-repatriated men who had been prisoners of war. During 1918–19 one
-thousand and eight of these men were met and greeted by Miss Dennis. To
-each man was handed a card of welcome from the Red Cross and a box of
-confectionery. He was asked to record his name, regimental number,
-German prison camp, and his home address in a book specially prepared
-for the purpose. That the men appreciated this informal but hearty
-welcome home is abundantly proved by the fact that Miss Dennis has since
-received from them hundreds of letters of thanks.
-
-It is impossible to give in detail the names of the many thousands of
-devoted and faithful voluntary workers throughout the Province of Nova
-Scotia who sought no reward for their labors but the joy of knowing that
-the Society achieved its aim—the alleviation of the sufferings of our
-fighting men.
-
-
-                    _Red Cross Chartered Branches._
-
-                     Place.                      President.
-      Amherst                              Mrs. W. R. Fishleigh.
-      Arichat                              Mrs. C. D. Terrio.
-      Antigonish                           Mrs. D. G. Kirk.
-      Baddeck                              Mrs. F. W. McCurdy.
-      Barrington                           Mrs. Wilson Crowell.
-      Berwick                              Mrs. Alex. Anderson.
-      Bishop’s Mountain                    Mrs. C. O. Downie.
-      Brass Hill                           Mrs. F. Nickerson.
-      Brule                                Mrs. A. C. Cook.
-      Barney’s River                       Mrs. Wm. McDonald.
-      Boulardarie                          Mrs. J. Fraser.
-      Canso                                Mrs. C. O’Donoghue.
-      Cape North                           Miss Grace Gwynn.
-      Chester                              Dr. C. O. Hebb.
-      Dartmouth                            Mrs. W. R. Foster.
-      Dominion No. 6.                      Mrs. Anna B. Wight.
-      Goldboro                             Mrs. Edgar Silver.
-      Glace Bay                            Mrs. P. E. Ogilvy.
-      Halifax                              Mrs. Wm. Dennis.
-      Hazel Hill                           Mrs. Dunning.
-      Hantsport                            Miss Marcia Braine.
-      Lawrencetown                         Mrs. D. M. Balcom.
-      Lawrencetown S.S.                    Mrs. J. F. Brown.
-      Moser’s River                        Mrs. Walter Smith.
-      Mulgrave                             Mrs. L. C. Dixon.
-      New Glasgow                          Mrs. P. A. MacGregor.
-      North Sydney                         Mrs. J. J. Pallen.
-      Pictou                               Mrs. A. S. Stalker.
-      Port Morien                          Miss C. Macaulay.
-      Port Bickerton                       Mrs. George Taylor.
-      Point Tupper                         Mrs. James Swaine.
-      St. Peters                           Mrs. J. Kemp.
-      Sydney                               Mrs. H. A. Nicholson.
-      Sydney Mines                         Mrs. B. Archibald.
-      South Berwick                        Mrs. G. R. Nichols.
-      Tancook Island                       Miss Beulah Wilson.
-      Trenton                              Mrs. C. W. Stromberg.
-      Truro                                Mrs. Harold Putnam.
-      West Quoddy                          Mrs. Alex. Gamnon.
-      Westville                            Mrs. R. Fraser.
-      Windsor                              Mrs. P. M. Fielding.
-      Wolfville                            Mrs. Harold Barss.
-      Woodlawn                             Mrs. Jane Nauffts.
-      Westchester Station                  Mrs. W. O. Webb.
-      Yarmouth                             Mrs. W. D. Ross.
-
-
-                        _Red Cross Auxiliaries._
-
-      Avondale                             Miss Bertha Crossley.
-      Advocate Harbor                      Mrs. L. L. Hill.
-      Athol                                Mrs. J. W. Boss.
-      Aylesford                            Mrs. C. N. McIntyre.
-      Apple River                          Mrs. E. Slocum.
-      Billtown                             Mrs. C. R. Bill.
-      Bayhead                              Mrs. James Johnson.
-      Baxter’s Harbor                      Mrs. Fred Ells.
-      Bayfield                             Mrs. F. C. Gass.
-      Bedford                              Mrs. E. Butler.
-      Blandford                            Mrs. C. Woods.
-      Bear River                           Mrs. L. J. Lovitt.
-      Bridgetown                           Mrs. O. T. Daniels.
-      Baccaro                              Mrs. G. L. Crowell.
-      Barney’s River                       Mrs. (Rev.) McDonald.
-      Barronsfield                         Miss Nettie Baker.
-      Beacon Hill                          Mrs. E. H. Langille.
-      Big Baddeck                          Mrs. Alex. Anderson.
-      Birch Grove                          Mrs. D. B. McDonald.
-      Brooklynn (Queens)                   Mrs. W. P. Godfrey.
-      Brandford                            Mrs. C. Woods.
-      Broughton                            Miss Ida McLeod.
-      Centre Burlington                    Mrs. F. G. Brown.
-      Clarke’s Harbor                      Mrs. George Phillips.
-      Central New Annan                    Miss A. McIntosh.
-      Cherry Brook                         Mrs. Mary Grosse.
-      Chignecto Mines                      Mrs. F. M. Blenkhorn.
-      Clam Harbor                          Mrs. J. B. Homans.
-      Collingwood                          Mrs. Davies.
-      Cook’s Brook                         Mrs. Warren Cook.
-      Caledonia                            Mrs. B. Lempton.
-      Canaan                               Miss Bessie Shipley.
-      Central Grove                        Mrs. Byron Melaney.
-      Centre Gore                          Mrs. N. Grant.
-      Centre Rawdon                        Mrs. J. E. Wood.
-      Centreville                          Rev. H. M. Manzer.
-      Clementsport                         Miss L. Hicks.
-      Cleveland                            Mrs. D. A. McLeod.
-      Conquerall Bank                      Mrs. Angus Weagle.
-      Dalhousie East (Kings)               Mrs. M. Oickle.
-      Dalhousie East (Annapolis)           Mrs. John Long.
-      Dean                                 Mrs. Campbell Brown
-      Deep Brook                           Mrs. G. Marsters.
-      Diligent River                       Mrs. W. W. Lamb.
-      Digby                                Mrs. Eber Turnbull.
-      Durham                               Miss Janet Blaikie.
-      Ellershouse                          Mrs. H. D. Archibald.
-      Elmsdale                             Mrs. Chas. Thompson.
-      East Walton                          Mrs. Levi Lake.
-      Economy                              Mrs. P. Huntley.
-      Five Islands                         Mrs. Calvin Corbett.
-      Fenwick                              Mrs. F. B. Dickinson.
-      Freeport                             Mrs. Egar Ring.
-      Five Mile River                      Mrs. H. Hennigar.
-      Fraserville                          Mrs. Gaius Fraser.
-      Glenville and Claremont              Mrs. C. A. McCabe.
-      Grand River                          Mrs. McDonald.
-      Guysboro                             Mrs. G. E. Buckley.
-      Glengarry                            Miss Christine Fraser.
-      Granville Ferry                      Mrs. W. Patterson.
-      Giant’s Lake                         Miss K. A. McLean.
-      Goldenville                          Mrs. L. Fraser.
-      Goshen and Argyle                    Mrs. J. A. Sinclair.
-      Great Village                        Mrs. C. B. Spencer.
-      Greenwood                            Mrs. Chas. Neilly.
-      Hammond’s Plains                     Miss S. Schmidt.
-      Hubbards                             Mrs. Bessie McLean.
-      Harmony (Kings)                      Mrs. C. S. Spinney.
-      Hemsford                             Mrs. James Falconer.
-      Inverness                            Mrs. E. Brassett.
-      Joggins Mines                        Mrs. R. J. Bell.
-      Kingston Station                     Mrs. G. G. Power.
-      Karsdale                             Mrs. G. W. Chisholm.
-      Lake Ainslie                         Mrs. M. A. McKay.
-      Louisburg                            Mrs. A. L. Bates.
-      Liverpool                            Mrs. John More.
-      Lunenburg                            Mrs. Emily Smith.
-      Lower Selmah and Sterling Brook      Miss Lena Spicer.
-      Lochaber                             Mrs. John Brown.
-      Latties Brook                        Mrs. W. J. Macdonald.
-      Liverpool                            Mrs. John More.
-      Lockhartville                        Miss F. McInnes.
-      Londonderry                          Mrs. J. G. R. Smith.
-      Lower Granville                      Mrs. George Anthony.
-      Lyons Brook                          Mrs. A. Hogg.
-      Lockeport                            Mrs. Churchill Locke.
-      Mosherville, Stanley and Clarkeville Mrs. H. B. Smith.
-      Milford Station                      Mrs. Pooley.
-      McPhee’s Corner                      Mrs. James McPhee.
-      Margaretsville                       Mrs. A. B. Coulstan.
-      Marriott’s Cove                      Mrs. Rupert Millett.
-      Middle River                         Mrs. Mary MacDonald.
-      Mabou                                Mrs. E. S. Bayne.
-      Maccan                               Mrs. (Dr.) Forbes.
-      Mahone                               Miss Nettie Zwicker.
-      Malagash                             Mrs. Jacob Treen.
-      Malagawatch                          Mrs. Hudson.
-      Manchester and Port Shoreham         Mrs. W. Bruce.
-      Mapleton                             Mrs. G. E. Fletcher.
-      Margaree Harbor                      Mrs. A. R. MacDougall.
-      Melvern Square                       Mrs. E. F. McNeil.
-      Merigomish and Piedmont              Mrs. T. B. Olding.
-      Middleton                            Mrs. W. Gwillim.
-      Mill Village (Hants)                 Mrs. Hattie Wallace.
-      Mira Gut                             Mrs. J. J. Philips.
-      Moose Brook and Tennycape            Mrs. W. F. Stevens.
-      Millsville                           Mrs. R. MacKay.
-      Mount Uniacke                        Miss Sadie Robinson.
-      Nappan                               Mrs. Robert Donaldson.
-      Neil’s Harbor                        Mrs. Ed. Dowling.
-      New Annan                            Miss Agnes McIntosh.
-      New Port                             Mrs. J. F. Rathburn.
-      North Dartmouth                      Mrs. C. V. Vernon.
-      New Campbellton                      Mrs. W. McKinnon.
-      New Germany                          Mrs. H. P. Chesley.
-      N.E. Margaree                        Mrs. J. H. Tulston.
-      Noel Shore                           Mrs. E. S. Main.
-      North Kingston                       Mrs. H. J. Neily.
-      Oxford                               Mrs. J. R. Gilroy.
-      Owl’s Head                           Mrs. J. E. Parker.
-      Oxford Junction                      Mrs. S. Colburne.
-      Port Maitland                        Mrs. E. H. Porter.
-      Port Greville                        Mrs. R. S. Kerr.
-      Pleasantfield                        Mrs. Charles Arnburg.
-      Paradise                             Mrs. H. P. Layte.
-      Port Medway                          Mrs. Grace Andrews.
-      Parrsboro                            Mrs. F. A. Rand.
-      Pentz                                Miss Alberta Smith.
-      Port Dufferin                        Mrs. E. W. Dunlop.
-      Port Hawkesbury                      Mrs. D. Gillis.
-      Port Hood                            Mrs. Daniel McLennan.
-      Port La Tour                         Mrs. D. Snow.
-      Port Hilford                         Miss Isabella Reid.
-      Parker’s Cove                        Mrs. H. Anderson.
-      Plainfield                           Mrs. W. A. Graham.
-      Princedale                           Mrs. Forman Wright.
-      Ragged Island, East Side             Mrs. Chas. Matthews.
-      Richmond                             Mrs. A. G. McIntosh.
-      River Herbert                        Mrs. T. Shipley.
-      Rockingham                           Mrs. W. J. Clayton.
-      Rodney and Windham                   Mrs. M. Y. Boss.
-      River John                           .Mrs. C. W. MacKintosh.
-      River Philip                         Mrs. G. L. King.
-      Rossway                              Mrs. Bessie Crowell.
-      Sandy Point                          Mrs. Anzo Long.
-      Sandy Cove                           Mrs. E. D. Morehouse.
-      Shag Harbor                          Mrs. N. C. Nickerson.
-      Shelburne                            Mrs. Martha C. Morton.
-      Ship Harbor Lake                     Mrs. Alvin Webber.
-      Shubenacadie                         Mrs. A. E. Culton.
-      Smith’s Cove                         Mrs. Edward Winchester.
-      Southampton                          Mrs. Victor Brown.
-      Spencer’s Island                     Mrs. Edmund Spicer.
-      Sackville                            Mrs. Robinson.
-      South Athol                          Mrs. L. D. MacKeen.
-      Seal Island                          Mrs. John Smith.
-      St. Croix and Sweet’s Corner         Mrs. J. F. Rathburn.
-      Stake Road                           Dr. Barbara McKinnon.
-      Sutherland’s River                   Mrs. Dwight Burns.
-      South Side Cape Sable Island         Mrs. E. C. Nickerson.
-      South Farmington                     Mrs. Wilkins.
-      Springhill                           Mrs. David Stewart.
-      Stellarton                           Mrs. George Gray.
-      Stewiacke                            Mrs. Rachel Pollock.
-      Stony Island                         Mrs. S. L. Brannen.
-      Sydney River                         Miss Sarah McDougall.
-      Selmah                               Mrs. Cyrus Weldon.
-      South Rawdon                         Mrs. W. H. Lawson.
-      South Bay                            Mrs. T. A. Young.
-      Torbrook                             Mrs. A. B. Payson.
-      Tupperville                          Mrs. L. H. Chipman.
-      Tatamagouche                         Mrs. D. A. Cunningham.
-      Upper Burlington                     Mrs. Harry B. Sandford.
-      Upper Lakeville                      Mrs. Margaret Webber.
-      Upper Musquodoboit                   Mrs. W. B. Hutchinson.
-      Upper Economy                        Mrs. C. F. Lewis.
-      Upper Rawdon                         Mrs. J. E. Weatherhead.
-      Upper Port La Tour                   Miss Rosa Snow.
-      Wallace                              Mrs. A. S. Murphy.
-      Wilmot                               Mrs. J. B. Kilton.
-      West New Annan                       Mrs. W. Wilson.
-      Westport                             Mrs. E. C. Bowser.
-      Wallace River                        Mrs. Chas. Fisher.
-      Waterville                           Mrs. D. R. Pineo.
-      Waverley                             Mrs. E. Fauchea.
-      West La Have                         Mrs. Clarence Wambolt.
-      Welton’s Corner                      Mrs. P. A. Smith.
-      West Apple River                     Mrs. Robert McWhirter.
-      West Berlin and Eagle Head           Mrs. B. Conrod.
-
-
-                  THE WILLING WAR WORKERS, GLACE BAY.
-
-An organization that blazed a new and unique track in the War, and
-accomplished great results, especially in the colliery districts of Cape
-Breton, was the Willing War Workers of Glace Bay.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. G. S. HARRINGTON.]
-
-A number of the mothers, sisters, wives and sweethearts of the boys
-“over there,” finding that other Societies lacked the personal touch,
-banded themselves together to send parcels every week to their own home
-boys in France, and kept up the good work enthusiastically until
-Armistice Day, when they disbanded.
-
-Mrs. Gordon S. Harrington, wife of Colonel Harrington, Deputy Overseas
-Minister, was the first President, and Mrs. Stuart McCawley, of Glace
-Bay, the Secretary-Treasurer.
-
-Mrs. Harrington went to England in November, 1916, and became actively
-interested in war work for Canadian soldiers in that country,
-particularly at the Beaver Hut, Strand, London, and St. Dunstan’s Hostel
-for blinded soldiers.
-
-
-  THE GREEN FEATHER SOCIETY LADIES’ AUXILIARY OF THE 185TH BATTALION.
-
-The Society was organized on March 9, 1916. The aim of the Society was,
-first, to aid recruiting; second, to look after the comfort of the men
-while quartered at Broughton, and as far as possible after they had gone
-Overseas; third, to assist in every possible way the wives and families
-of the men enlisting.
-
-
-                           OFFICERS ELECTED:
-
-                 Mrs. E. J. Johnstone, _President_.
-                 Mrs. J. A. McLellan, _Vice-President_.
-                 Mrs. O. Leiers, _Treasurer_.
-                 Miss Daniels, _Secretary_.
-
-From the time of the Society’s organization until the 185th Battalion
-was disbanded, the Society raised the sum of $2,075.36, which was
-devoted entirely to the use and comfort of the Battalion. In addition to
-this, Mr. Walshaw, of the D.T.S. Co., collected the sum of $70.00, and
-the North Sydney Branch of the Green Feather Society also donated the
-sum of $43.00. These amounts were sent to England for the purpose of
-procuring Christmas dinners for the men.
-
-The visiting committee of the Society did very good work in looking
-after the wives and children of the men who had gone Overseas.
-
-At the close of the War there was the sum of $12.00 in funds, which was
-presented to the G.W.V.A. after their organization.
-
-
-            THE CATHOLIC LADIES’ PATRIOTIC SOCIETY, SYDNEY.
-
-This Society was organized the second year of the War by the ladies of
-the Sacred Heart Parish, Sydney, and was intended to supply the
-religious needs of the Cape Breton soldiers and Chaplains, and to send
-comforts direct to the soldiers in the trenches. However, as the War
-went on, the Society enlarged its scope and embraced all kinds of
-patriotic work. The work of the Society was carried on by packing tin
-boxes with fruit cake, candy, cigarettes, socks, khaki shirts, and other
-things too numerous to mention. These were addressed to each soldier and
-acknowledged in due time.
-
-The success of the Society was in no small measure due to the activity
-of the President, Mrs. V. F. Cunningham, who held that office during the
-four years of the Society’s existence.
-
-The following short statement will give some idea of the work of the
-Society:
-
-
-                               RECEIPTS.
-
-     Total amount received from general city collections $2,058 89
-     Amount from other sources                              975 80
-                                                         —————————
-                                                         $3,034 69
-
-                             EXPENDITURE.
-
-     Paid supplies for boxes sent Overseas               $2,153 79
-     Paid Chaplain’s supplies                               250 00
-     Paid Catholic Hut Fund                                 200 00
-     Paid Hospital supplies                                 305 90
-     Paid Local Hospital, Khaki Club, etc., etc.            125 00
-                                                         —————————
-                                                         $3,034 69
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER LIII.
-                       _THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS._
-
-
-Until the spring of 1918, the war work of the Knights of Columbus in
-Nova Scotia consisted in aiding the work carried on at St. Mary’s Army
-and Navy Club at Halifax, and in sending money Overseas to aid the
-Catholic Army Huts in England and at the Front. The work done by these
-Huts became more and more extensive as the War went on, and the amount
-of money that each council could send from its own funds became wholly
-inadequate to enable these Huts to give efficient service.
-
-In May, 1918, His Lordship the Right Reverend James Morrison, Bishop of
-Antigonish, addressed a letter to the Knights of Columbus of the
-Maritime Provinces, setting out the needs of the Catholic Army Huts and
-the slender financial resources at their disposal. “Accordingly,” he
-says, “I feel it a pressing duty to ask the Knights of Columbus to
-organize a general public campaign for funds to provide our Catholic
-soldiers Overseas, or wherever they may be assembled, with Catholic
-Huts, Club Rooms and accessories thereto, in which the Army Chaplains
-may be enabled more efficiently and more conveniently to minister to
-their religious welfare, and where the soldiers themselves, irrespective
-of denominational affiliations, may have at their disposal such
-accommodations in social life as may be a proper safeguard for their
-moral welfare.”
-
-On the receipt of this letter the Knights began the work of organizing a
-campaign which extended throughout the whole of Canada. More than one
-million dollars were raised in the Dominion, to which sum the various
-counties of Nova Scotia contributed as follows:—
-
-                   Halifax                 $56,621 95
-                   Cape Breton              28,562 80
-                   Pictou                    9,509 63
-                   Antigonish                6,635 49
-                   Cumberland                5,337 73
-                   Inverness                 4,802 46
-                   Guysboro                  3,330 05
-                   Yarmouth                  2,877 97
-                   Colchester                2,475 29
-                   Kings                     2,405 57
-                   Hants                     1,961 66
-                   Richmond                  1,723 25
-                   Digby                     1,542 67
-                   Victoria                  1,144 25
-                   Queens                    1,102 20
-                   Lunenburg                   669 50
-                   Annapolis                   444 55
-                   Shelburne                    68 50
-                                          ———————————
-                   Total for the Province $131,215 52
-
-The “Drive” by which this money was raised took place during the week of
-August 19–24, 1918. The whole of the amount raised was intended for work
-in England and France but, with the signing of the Armistice, the
-returned soldier problem demanded the attention of the Knights, and Huts
-were opened in Halifax and the other dispersal areas in Canada. The work
-in Canada and Overseas was under the supervision of Lieut.-Col. Clarence
-F. Smith, of Montreal, Comptroller. Large sums of the money were sent
-Overseas and the balance was devoted to the work of serving the returned
-men.
-
-Following are the names on the Executive Committee of the Knights of
-Columbus War Activities:—Messrs. John A. Neville, John F. O’Connell,
-Jas. D. O’Connor, Walter M. Godsoe, Thos. W. Murphy, Frank A. Gillis,
-Dan. T. Lynagh, Wm. A. Hallisey, Jno. P. Quinn, Hon. Judge Chisholm, and
-Mr. William R. Wakely.
-
-The Knights of Columbus Catholic Army Hut, at No. 372 Barrington Street,
-was opened December 1, 1918, and Halifax may be regarded as the
-birth-place of the work of the Knights of Columbus Catholic Army Huts in
-Canada. All men of the Allied Armies and Navies were welcome,
-irrespective of race, creed or color. The Knights of Columbus’ slogan,
-“Everybody Welcome, Everything Free,” was carried out to the letter,
-with the exception that a charge of 25c. was made for beds, although of
-the total number of beds used about half were donated, inasmuch as many
-of the guests were in need of funds. Men arriving in transports were
-also given a bed free of charge. Mr. J. D. O’Connor was Chairman of the
-Hut Committee, and associated with him were Mr. John F. O’Connell, Mr.
-D. T. Lynagh, the late W. A. Monoghan, Mr. W. J. Williams, Mr. E. J.
-Scanlon, Mr. W. A. Hallisey, Mr. W. T. Murphy, Mr. W. E. Donovan, Mr. J.
-K. Kelleher, and Mr. W. R. Wakely. There was an average daily attendance
-at the Hut during December, 1918, January, February and March, 1919, of
-1,300 to 1,500, and a total attendance of 177,060 from December 1, 1918,
-until the Hut closed on September 13, 1919.
-
-Mr. W. E. Donovan, Chairman of the Entertainment Committee, arranged for
-weekly entertainments. The men in uniform were always most appreciative
-of the class of entertainment given at the Hut under the direction of
-the Chairman. He had the happy faculty of selecting the very best
-artists, and had the Columbus Musical Club to draw from as well as other
-local clubs.
-
-Refreshments were always served. Mr. W. E. Donovan never failed to have
-a number of young ladies in attendance, and they saw that every guest
-was generously supplied. The Hut was open daily from 10 a.m. to 11 p.m.,
-and on Sundays from 1 p.m. to 11 p.m., and the men had free use of the
-reading, writing and billiard rooms. Canadian and American newspapers
-and magazines were supplied; writing paper and envelopes and all
-billiard and pool games were free. 12,983 games of billiards and pool
-were played from December, 1918, to September 13, 1919. May 10, 1919, a
-dormitory of fifty beds was opened, and from that date to September 13,
-1919, 2,725 beds were used. Of that number 1,279 were supplied free of
-charge.
-
-Space in the building would not permit of the Knights of Columbus War
-Activities having a cafeteria, but there was a canteen from which the
-following supplies were given away free, from December 1, 1918, to
-September 13, 1919:—
-
-                      Soft Drinks (bottles)  6,684
-                      Apples (barrels)          32
-                      Cigarettes (packages) 27,872
-                      Cigars                 2,000
-                      Tobacco (pounds)         830
-                      Gum (packages)         1,605
-                      Coffee (cups)         55,175
-                      Oxo (cubes)            3,783
-                      Biscuits (pounds)      2,389
-                      Chocolate Bars         7,668
-                      Matches (boxes)        8,304
-
-                            LETTERS MAILED.
-
-                      Canadian              27,121
-                      British and Foreign    6,042
-                      American               8,067
-
-It was not until after the Armistice was signed that a Pier Committee
-was organized under the able leadership of Mr. John P. Quinn as
-Chairman. His associates were Messrs. John Neville, Henry T. Kline,
-Harry C. Murphy, John D. Campbell, E. J. Murphy, John Fry, J. J. Penny,
-P. J. Hanifen, R. J. Flinn, Geo. A. Gauvin, and W. E. Donovan.
-
-The Returned Soldiers’ Reception Committee, made up of twenty-five men
-selected from the various clubs and organizations of Halifax City, with
-an Auxiliary Committee of five ladies, was organized in November, 1916.
-From that date the Committee received troop and hospital ships, and
-raised by voluntary subscription $9,178.96. It also received $3,000.00
-from the Halifax Victory Loan canvassers. Mr. John P. Quinn waited upon
-Mr. W. S. Davidson, Chairman of the Returned Soldiers’ Reception
-Committee, and informed Mr. Davidson that the Knights of Columbus were
-prepared to spend an amount of their funds toward the reception of the
-troops returning from Overseas, either in conjunction with the Returned
-Soldiers’ Reception Committee, or alone. This brought in the Red Cross
-and the Y.M.C.A., and an agreement was made by each of the three
-organizations to contribute to the funds of the Returned Soldiers’
-Reception Committee to the extent of one-third each of the amount
-required by the Returned Soldiers’ Committee. From January 1, 1919,
-until the last troopship arrived, $9,000.00 was contributed from each of
-the three organizations—a total of $27,000.00. These funds were used for
-the purpose of purchasing cigarettes, fruit, chocolate bars, matches,
-flowers, newspapers, welcome cards, and for postage and telegrams.
-
-From the time the work began, one hundred and thirty-eight troopships
-disembarked about 305,655 men. In the distribution of supplies at the
-pier, the work was divided among seven teams of twelve each, each team
-having a captain and an equal number of representatives from the Knights
-of Columbus, the Red Cross, Y.M.C.A., and the Returned Soldiers’
-Reception Committee. Mr. Felix P. Quinn, of the Knights of Columbus, was
-a captain of one of the teams.
-
-
-                WORK AT THE VARIOUS MILITARY HOSPITALS.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. JOHANNA M. TERNAN.]
-
-There existed what was known as the Knights of Columbus Hospital Comfort
-Bureau. The following are the names of those serving on that Committee:
-Rev. John Quinan, Capt. M. Ryan, Jas. J. Bates, T. J. Burke, E. J.
-Griffen, Geo. J. Lynch, Jas. P. Mulcahy, Frank A. Gillis, and O. G.
-Burke.
-
-Mrs. Johanna Mary Ternan was appointed Secretary.
-
-Daily supplies were sent to Camp Hill Military Hospital and Cogswell
-Street Station Hospital and weekly visits were made. On these visits
-fruit, candy and cigarettes were distributed by the following committee
-of ladies: Mrs. Geo. Metzler, Miss Nita Gauvin, Miss Fannie Clark, Miss
-Metzler, Mrs. M. Foley, Miss Mary Neville, and Miss Frances Chisholm.
-
-In addition to the above Hospitals, supplies were sent to Pine Hill
-Convalescent Home, Rock Head Military Hospital, Kentville Sanitarium,
-Naval Hospital, County Jail, Victoria General Hospital, Lawlor’s Island,
-Quarantine Station, Air Station, U.S. Flying Corps and H.M.S. Hospital
-Ship _Essequibo_.
-
-Weekly visits were made to the Kentville Sanitarium by Mrs. W. S.
-Rothburn, of Kentville, and a committee of ladies, Miss McCormack, Miss
-Farrell, and Miss Kearney, under the supervision of Mrs. Johanna M.
-Ternan, of Halifax.
-
-At Christmas, 1918, there were:
-
-                                               Patients.
-               Camp Hill Hospital                    440
-               Naval Hospital                         38
-               Cogswell St. Hospital                 300
-               Kentville Sanitarium                  200
-               Nova Scotia Hospital, Dartmouth        70
-               Pine Hill Convalescent Home           125
-               Rock Head Military Hospital            60
-                                                     ———
-                            Total                  1,233
-
-It was decided by the Hospitals Committee on Thursday, December 19,
-1918, that candy and smokes should be sent to Kentville for the 200
-patients. Four hundred boxes were prepared containing three packages of
-cigarettes and a half-pound of candy for each patient. This work was
-done by a voluntary committee of three little girls and one little boy
-(the Misses O’Connor and Master O’Connor, daughters and son of Mr. J. D.
-O’Connor), and by little Miss Elliott. Provision was made for Rock Head
-and Cogswell Hospitals.
-
-December 18, 1918, 328 stockings were made and filled by a committee of
-ladies at the Knights of Columbus Club Rooms, Hollis Street. The
-stockings were all of different shades, and each contained fourteen
-articles, consisting of the following: One box of notepaper, one lead
-pencil, one cube of tooth paste, one tooth brush, three packages
-cigarettes, two boxes of matches, one small comb, one pocket
-handkerchief, one ash-tray, two chocolate bars, collar buttons, one
-pipe, one package tobacco and one tobacco pouch.
-
-Two hundred and three of these were sent to Camp Hill and one hundred
-and twenty-five to Pine Hill. As there were a number of very sick
-patients at Cogswell Street Station Hospital, it was requested that
-fruit be sent, and three cases of oranges, four cases of grape fruit and
-one keg of grapes were supplied. To the Nova Scotia Hospital, Dartmouth,
-one hundred and forty parcels were sent containing three packages of
-cigarettes and a half-pound of candy. Stockings were sent to four
-soldiers in the County Jail, and nine stockings to soldiers in the
-Victoria General Hospital. To the N.S. Naval Air Station were sent two
-cases of oranges, two hundred packages cigarettes, two hundred cigars
-and two hundred chocolate bars.
-
-
-                            CHRISTMAS, 1919.
-
-Christmas boxes were sent from the Head Office in Montreal, specially
-made for the Knights of Columbus Catholic Army Huts for distribution on
-this day to all Military Hospitals in the Dominion. Each box contained
-one package gum, one Durham Duplex Safety Razor, one package razor
-blades, one shaving stick, one shaving brush, one package cigarettes,
-one box matches, one chocolate bar, one tooth brush, one tube tooth
-paste, one handkerchief, and short stories. In addition twenty-six
-quarts of ice cream were distributed, also five hundred apples, fifty
-pounds of assorted kisses and fifty pounds of frosted cake.
-
-Many picnics were given patients who were convalescing during the summer
-of 1919, and entertainments given to special wards in Camp Hill and
-Cogswell Street Hospitals.
-
-From January 1, 1919, to April 30, 1919, no fewer than 125,466 personal
-requests for comforts were granted by the Knights of Columbus Hospital
-Comfort Bureau.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER LIV.
-                _THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION._
-
-
-For years previous to the Declaration of War, the Y.M.C.A. carried on
-its work in the summer Militia Camps; consequently the War did not find
-the Association without some idea of the requirements of troops, and
-from the early days of the first big concentration at Valcartier, the
-“Y” tried hard to measure up to each new phase of war activity.
-
-In 1914 about 5,000 men were served in the camps of the Maritime
-Provinces. During the succeeding winter Y.M.C.A. work was established in
-the various barracks, and in 1915 the work on the piers at the points of
-embarkation was started. All this work was carried on continually from
-this time with increasing efficiency, not only in camps, barracks, and
-hospitals, but also on board transports and on troop trains carrying
-returning men. It consisted of the erection of large recreation
-buildings, giving assistance with the equipping of recreation rooms in
-barracks; the provision of free writing and reading materials, games,
-athletic goods, music, pianos, gramophones and records, moving picture
-machines and films; the organizing of concerts on land and on board
-ships; social evenings in homes, churches, barracks, hospitals and
-otherwise; athletics, religious services; supplying free hot drinks and
-doughnuts or biscuits at the disembarkation points and demobilization
-centres.
-
-The first large financial appeal was made to the people of the Maritime
-Provinces in the spring of 1916, when approximately $34,500 were raised
-for home and Overseas’ military work. During that year Association
-service was rendered to troops in eighteen different places in these
-Provinces. Each succeeding year saw most successful campaigns for larger
-sums of money, until 1918, when requirements began to decrease.
-Altogether about $679,600 were raised in the Maritime area and spent on
-military work at home and Overseas.
-
-Large recreation buildings, which were much needed, were erected at
-Aldershot and Sussex Camps, each capable of accommodating close to 1,000
-men. These were used to capacity, and were practically the only adequate
-recreation centres. A large hut was erected in the Naval Dockyard,
-Halifax, for the men of the navy and the merchant marine. It was
-destroyed by the explosion, but was replaced by a larger structure, and
-was the great social centre for the men of the navy and the merchant
-marine.
-
-The large Red Triangle Hut, on Barrington Street, Halifax, was erected
-as a demobilization service to offset the inadequate housing facilities
-in Halifax, to provide meals and beds for returning men who had to
-remain in the city while waiting for trains or demobilization, to assist
-returned men to become re-established in civil life by providing them
-with wholesome meals and beds at prices within their means, to help men
-taking Government re-training courses and drawing barely enough money to
-live on, and to provide them with a clean, attractive recreation centre.
-
-Other recreation huts were built and equipped at St. John, New
-Brunswick, and Cogswell Hospital, Halifax. A large building was leased
-and equipped as a Red Triangle Club at St. John, N.B. Clubs on a smaller
-scale were operated in Sydney, Windsor, Kentville, Nova Scotia, and
-Fredericton and Sussex, New Brunswick.
-
-Work was carried on among the German prisoners of war at Amherst in
-return for which the German Government permitted the Y.M.C.A. to carry
-on work in certain camps in Germany where Canadians were confined. Only
-the work in the Internment Camps in Canada made this concession
-possible.
-
-Co-operating with the Sailors’ Comforts’ Committee, Halifax, the
-Y.M.C.A. workers visited many ships of the merchant service and supplied
-the men with reading and writing materials, games, mufflers, sweaters,
-socks, gloves, mitts, underwear, etc. Concerts were frequently arranged
-for the crews on shore.
-
-Uniform reports of activities and the attendance were not kept in the
-early days of the War, and it is impossible to arrive at anything like
-accurate estimates of the extent of some of the services rendered. The
-report of a few activities for the _two years of maximum efficiency_ may
-serve to indicate, however, the great extent to which the men patronized
-the Y.M.C.A. military services.
-
-                    Activity.                      Number.   Attendance.
- Concerts                                                694      84,550
- Social evenings                                         815     112,800
- Moving Picture Shows (free)                           1,365     210,800
- Religious Services                                    1,108      88,100
- Theatre parties arranged and conducted through
-   courtesy of theatre managers, without charge
-   to patients                                           356      12,619
- Illustrated Lectures                                     98      18,050
-
-                                                         Supplies Used.
- Magazines                                                       162,685
- Sheets of writing paper                                       1,511,000
- Sex and health education booklets                                39,000
- Athletic goods                                         large quantities
- Pianos in continual use                                              22
- Billiard tables in continual use                                     31
- Gramophones and records supplied continually                         50
- Moving picture machines in continual use                              9
- Reels of picture films per week provided, no charge
-   made                                                               40
-
-At the disembarkation piers, in co-operation with various women’s
-organizations, the Creche in Halifax, and the combined organizations in
-St. John, free hot or cold drinks and mixed biscuits were provided. At
-the Demobilization Centre, Halifax, co-operating with the G.W.V.A.
-Ladies’ Auxiliary, drinks and doughnuts or mixed biscuits were supplied
-free, and a six months’ membership ticket in any Y.M.C.A. was given to
-each man.
-
-A “Y” representative accompanied each troop train to its destination and
-carried a standard stock of equipment, gramophones, portable organs,
-music, song sheets, games, fruits, chocolate, and cigarettes. He
-rendered personal services in every way possible, such as wiring ahead,
-mailing letters, and carrying on a programme of concerts and games.
-These representatives were principally business men, and all gave their
-services voluntarily. In all 449 representatives accompanied troop
-trains.
-
-Further assistance was given returned men to re-establish themselves by
-Red Triangle Clubs at Halifax and St. John, where bed and board could be
-had at reduced rates. During the first year of the Halifax Club. 147,713
-meals were served, and 38,855 beds occupied for one night or more. This
-work is still going on. The rate for bed and board was $1 per day. The
-food was far above the average meal at similar prices. A programme of
-entertainments, athletics, moving pictures, religious services, and
-educational lectures and discussions was carried on. The Association’s
-hospital service will be continued as long as necessary, and funds are
-available.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER LV.
-              _THE HALIFAX CITIZENS’ RECEPTION COMMITTEE._
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  W. S. DAVIDSON.]
-
-The splendid service performed by the Halifax Citizens’ Returned
-Soldiers’ Reception Committee had its inception in the fall of 1916,
-when Mr. P. F. Martin, at that time Mayor of the city, called a number
-of representative citizens together at the city hall for the purpose of
-forming a committee to extend a welcome to the men returning home. The
-matter did not take definite form, however, until a little later on,
-when a score of energetic citizens selected by the various National
-Societies, the Board of Trade and other organizations of the city, met
-at the Board of Trade Rooms in November, 1916, at the call of Mr. W. S.
-Davidson, Vice-President of the Board. At this meeting the Committee was
-organized, as also an Auxiliary Committee of the following ladies:—Mrs.
-G. McGregor Mitchell, Mrs. Geoffery Morrow, Mrs. T. Sherman Rogers, Mrs.
-Norwood Duffus, and Mrs. (Dr.) Ryan. Mr. W. S. Davidson was elected
-Chairman, Mr. Arthur B. Mitchell, Secretary, Mr. A. M. Smith,
-Assistant-Secretary, and Mr. W. A. Major, Treasurer. The excellence of
-the choice of this Executive was amply proven by the fact that the
-personnel remained unchanged from the night the Committee was formed
-until the last transport docked, and the work was finished.
-
-The following gentlemen composed the original Committee: Messrs. W. S.
-Davidson, W. A. Major, H. H. Marshall, C. H. Mitchell, J. McL. Fraser,
-Felix P. Quinn, C. E. Creighton, W. A. Hart, A. M. Smith, Paul
-Creighton, W. E. Hebb, C. H. Climo, W. L. Kane, J. P. Quinn, P. T.
-Strong, and R. B. Colwell, representing the North British Society, St.
-George’s Society, the Charitable Irish Society, the Canadian Club, and
-the Citizens of Halifax in general.
-
-These gentlemen, who became known as “the originals,” carried on through
-fair weather and foul, night or day as occasion required from start to
-finish. The only exception was Mr. H. H. Marshall, who, to the great
-regret of his friends and fellow-workers, was ordered by his physician
-to seek a change of climate, his health having broken down, but
-nevertheless, he was with the work in spirit, always keeping in touch,
-sending greetings and material aid from time to time.
-
-In addition to those above-mentioned, the following gentlemen joined the
-movement later, entering into the spirit of the work with energy and
-enthusiasm: Messrs. E. J. Murphy, G. J. Allen, Cyril Gorham, A. W. Robb,
-W. R. Morton, H. C. Murphy, Hugh Fraser, Chas. Waterfield, R. A. Wood,
-W. S. Munnis, John D. Campbell, P. J. Hannifen, Geo. M. Wood, F. M.
-Guildford, R. K. Elliott, George Ritchie, G. W. Perry, J. A. Neville, H.
-T. Kline, J. A. Reid, V. B. Faulkner, J. L. Wilson, E. M. McLeod, Geo.
-T. McNutt, John Fry, J. J. Penny, J. M. Davison, George Robinson, W. R.
-Scriven, Wm. Wilson, Capt. W. F. Mitchell, W. E. Donavon, G. A. Smith,
-J. F. Roue, Walter Black, R. J. Flinn, G. A. Gauvin, George Winters,
-Howard Lawrence, W. Cyril Smith, Cyril Stairs, Sedley E. Thompson, J. L.
-Hetherington, H. E. Mahon, C. H. Wright, the late Professor Eben McKay,
-F. A. Marr, Allen Patrick, and H. R. Price.
-
-A number of ladies, Mrs. W. T. Allen, Mrs. M. R. Morrow and others,
-joined the original Auxiliary Committee of five above-mentioned, doing
-splendid work in connection with the cot cases, etc., but unfortunately
-a complete list is not available. Two young ladies deserving of special
-mention who became associated with the General Committee are Miss Edna
-Davison and Miss Helen Creighton. Their work was admirable, being here,
-there, and everywhere when required, untiring in their efforts, having
-the capacity to perform, as well as zeal to undertake. It is safe to say
-that the soldier boys who landed at Halifax will never forget the ladies
-connected with this Committee; for their bright kindly faces, apart from
-their work, gave them a welcome home which is hard to express in words;
-and it was not only on fine days when the sun was shining that they were
-to be seen on the pier when transports were expected, but in all kinds
-of weather, night as well as day, and only those who worked there know
-how cold it sometimes was at Pier 2 on a winter night. However, the
-welcome given the boys was warm enough to take away the chill of the
-weather.
-
-During the period in which this Committee carried on its work, 138
-transports disembarked some 200,000 Overseas men at Pier 2, and of this
-number very few indeed missed the kindly attentions of the Committee.
-
-The amount expended was as follows:—
-
- Paid for Cigarettes, Tobacco, etc                            $14,473 51
-    „     Fruit                                                 7,931 82
-    „     Postage, telegrams, telephones, etc.                    462 42
-    „     Welcome Cards, badges, printing, etc.                 1,294 49
-    „     Newspapers                                            1,813 62
-    „     Taxi service conveying local returned men to their
-            homes                                                 118 80
-    „     Music                                                    15 00
-    „     Baskets, equipment and sundries                         278 66
-    „     Matches                                               4,782 25
-    „     Chocolate bars, cakes, etc.                           7,157 21
-    „     Deficit exchanging money                                  9 50
-    „     Flowers (for cot cases)                                  34 50
-          Money refunded Provincial Recruiting Committee            9 00
-                                                              ——————————
-                                 Total                        $38,380 78
-
-A word or two in connection with these figures which are from the
-Treasurer’s report. The item for postage, etc., would have been much
-larger but through the representations of the Committee, after the work
-had been carried on for a considerable time, the Government was induced
-to allow letters from returned men, on arrival, to be posted free, thus
-conserving the funds for other purposes. The item $15 for music does not
-mean that this was the extent of the music by any means; for the
-Commanding Officers of local military units very cheerfully permitted
-their bands to play on the pier on arrival of transports.
-
-Of the above total amount, the sum of $9,178.96 was received in
-voluntary subscriptions, and $3,000 from Halifax Victory Loan
-canvassers, which came in spontaneously and entirely unsolicited.
-
-As the end of the War approached and the number of returning men became
-greater, it became apparent that the funds would require to be largely
-augmented, and in order to cope with the good work, the Y.M.C.A., the
-Red Cross Society, and the Knights of Columbus very generously
-contributed equal amounts of $9,000, less a refund to each of these
-organizations of $266.06, being the balance or surplus left over at the
-close of the work.
-
-It was not long after the work began until a splendid system was evolved
-which worked with almost clock-like precision. The usual procedure was
-as follows: Immediately a transport was docked a certain number of the
-Committee were told off to go on board with the latest newspapers,
-collect telegrams and letters which were, as mentioned above, sent off
-free of charge, thus doing away with the inconvenience of hunting up
-stamps, etc. Whenever it happened that a ship had to drop anchor in the
-stream while waiting for a berth to dock at the pier—and as these were
-busy days in shipping circles in Halifax, this very frequently
-happened—a tugboat was promptly secured by the energetic Chairman, and a
-contingent landed on board with newspapers, cigarettes, matches, fruit,
-etc.; and, in most cases, if the ship was to remain at anchor
-over-night, a concert party was always ready to join their efforts with
-those of the Committee in extending a hearty welcome to the boys, many
-excellent entertainments being given on board transports waiting to
-dock. The very best musical talent in Halifax was always ready and
-willing to respond at a moment’s notice to calls of this nature. Mr.
-Davidson being one of the principal members of the large shipping firm
-of Messrs. G. S. Campbell and Co., of course always knew where to locate
-one of these tug-boats, as they own and operate a number of them, and
-although in the forefront as business men, and blessed with good
-memories, they must have forgotten to render any bills or charge for
-this excellent service.
-
-When the men left the ship and were entrained, a sufficient number of
-Committee-men having in the meantime been told off and sub-divided,
-allowing an equal number to look after each car, the cars being
-designated by letters “A,” “B,” “C,” and so on, beginning with the car
-nearest the engine, and each party knowing the particular car it had to
-look after, confusion or oversight was practically nil. The first
-Committee-man went through the car with baskets of apples and oranges,
-being followed by another with cigarettes and matches, a third and
-fourth bringing up the rear with chocolate bars, welcome cards,
-newspapers, and collecting any letters or postal cards the boys had
-scribbled while waiting for their train to back in. Oftentimes when
-large steamships like the _Olympic_, _Mauretania_, or _Aquitania_
-arrived, fifteen or twenty trains would be dispatched with an average
-time between of twenty or twenty-five minutes; so that the necessity for
-system was evident, or otherwise only a portion of the boys would be
-looked after; but in the way in which the work was handled every man
-received attention; and usually a few minutes were left over, before the
-conductor called “All aboard,” in which to chat with them, give them a
-hearty handshake and wish them “Bon voyage” and a safe journey to their
-destination.
-
-This sketch of the work of the Halifax Citizens’ Returned Soldiers’
-Reception Committee is necessarily short. It does not begin to express
-the scope or extent of the work carried on by this Committee, but the
-boys who returned home no doubt still remember the way they were
-received and treated.
-
-Letters of appreciation were received from all parts of Canada and
-points in the United States. Such evidence of appreciation amply
-rewarded the Committee for any efforts they had made to ensure a hearty,
-and pleasant welcome home to those splendid men, who made the name of
-Canada for ever respected and glorious.
-
-
-
-
-                              CHAPTER LVI.
-                  _ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS
-                                  and
-                    THE CRECHE AT PIER 2, HALIFAX._
-
-
-The first branch of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas established
-in Nova Scotia was organized in June, 1916, as the Halifax Central
-Nursing Division No. 17, with Mrs. Bowman, Superintendent of the
-Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, as Lady Divisional Superintendent.
-This division, besides being the first in the Maritime Provinces, was
-the largest in Canada. Most of the officers were graduate nurses, and
-all of the members had received their instruction in First Aid and Home
-Nursing through classes lheld in Halifax by the sister organization, the
-St. John Ambulance Association.
-
-On Mrs. Bowman’s removal from Halifax, Mrs. G. A. MacIntosh was
-appointed Superintendent (April, 1917). Owing to greatly increased
-membership, and for the purposes of more efficient administration, the
-division was divided in July, 1918, into two Units, A. No. 17 and B. No.
-47, Mrs. MacIntosh being promoted at the same time to be Lady District
-Superintendent in charge of the Women’s Aid Department (Military
-District No. 6). In January, 1920, a reorganization of the two divisions
-was made effective by which all active officers and members were
-assigned to Division A. 17, and the inactive members, or those in
-reserve for emergencies, to B. 47. The active division continues as one
-of the most efficient and effective in Canada under the able
-superintendence of Miss E. M. Pemberton, of the Victoria General
-Hospital.
-
-The war work in Nova Scotia of this organization falls under four heads:
-
-  (_a_) Its work in Military Hospitals as auxiliary to the Army Medical
-    and Nursing Service.
-
-  (_b_) Its work in Nova Scotia in connection with the Red Cross
-    Society, Y.M.C.A. Canteens, and other voluntary patriotic
-    organizations.
-
-  (_c_) Its work of ministration to women and children returning from
-    England.
-
-  (_d_) Its emergency work on the day of the Halifax Disaster and in the
-    relief work and hospital service for the weeks and months following
-    the disaster.
-
-
-                        (_a_) HOSPITAL SERVICE.
-
-Hospital duties performed by the members of the Halifax Divisions during
-the War include:—
-
-(_a_) Eleven members who went Overseas, serving with great credit in
-hospitals in England.
-
-(_b_) Local hospitals.
-
-We believe Pine Hill was the first Military Hospital in Canada to
-recognize or use the services of the Brigade members. Three pioneers
-served for two years and were followed by others.
-
-In the latter part of 1918 the Women’s Aid Department was formed in
-Canada in co-operation with the military authorities, the Lady District
-Superintendent furnishing to the A.D.M.S. of each Military District the
-following personnel, the number given below being that of those who
-served in M.D. No. 6:—
-
-  1. _Volunteer Section_:—
-
-  (_a_) Nursing service of Brigade members, eight of whom served at Pine
-    Hill Military Hospital.
-
-  (_b_) Function Trainers, also Brigade members trained at Hart House,
-    Toronto, two of whom served at Camp Hill.
-
-2. _Special Service Section_:—
-
-  Masseuses, trained at Hart House, Toronto, members of St. John
-    Ambulance Brigade, and serving at Camp Hill, Moxham Ross, Prince
-    Edward Island Military Hospitals.
-
-  _Section 3_:—
-
-  General Service Section consisting of a General Service Superintendent
-    Assistant Superintendent, bookkeepers, domestics and many there not
-    Brigade members, but for a short time recommended by the Women’s Aid
-    Department of the Brigade.
-
-  (_c_) Before the Women’s Aid Department came into effect five members
-    had served at the Nova Scotia Sanatorium in the tent Colony for
-    tubercular soldiers.
-
-  (_d_) During the Influenza epidemic of 1918 six members assisted the
-    depleted staffs in the Victoria General, the Dartmouth Emergency for
-    two months, two members at Infants Home for two months, also for two
-    months in the homes of the sick, at the Emergency Hospital,
-    Hazelwood Hospital, St. Mary’s Emergency Hospital, and for three
-    weeks at Brocton Field Hospital, Mass. During the epidemic in the
-    spring of 1919 a diet kitchen was organized and conducted and proper
-    nourishment prepared and delivered to all asking for it, in the
-    majority of cases no charge being made. The Brigade responded to
-    requests for diet from the Victorian Order of Nurses, City Board of
-    Health, Social Welfare Bureau, etc.
-
-  (_e_) The hospital work performed after the explosion is mentioned
-    separately.
-
-  (_f_) Miscellaneous duties performed in hospitals include mending each
-    week at the Station Hospital, emergency bedmaking at Camp Hill and
-    hospital train service.
-
-
-                        (_b_) MISCELLANEOUS WORK
-
-At the Clearing Depot, Pier 2, a splendid work was accomplished. Over
-13,000 beds were made for soldiers disembarking at this port. At very
-short notice members in sufficient numbers quickly responded to a call
-from the C.O. to prepare the beds required (at times as many as 800 beds
-were needed) in readiness for the men.
-
-An important work carried on at Pier 2 was the serving of meals three
-times daily for over a week to 150 men.
-
-Boats were met by the Lady District Superintendent, who, assisted by the
-members, welcomed and assisted when necessary any V.A.D.’s returning to
-Canada from Overseas duty.
-
-A very interesting and important service rendered by the organization
-was in connection with the vocational re-education of the soldiers. For
-eight months two members read daily to blinded soldiers, assisting them
-in this way with their study. Four other members also performed like
-service for five and a half months. Ten members took a special two
-months’ course in weaving and basketry, nine of whom were able to
-instruct patients at Camp Hill Hospital for from one to seven months.
-
-Truly patriotic work has been performed under the Y.M.C.A. At their Red
-Triangle Hut a team of eight members have given one day each week and
-every sixth Sunday for one and a half years to serve meals to returned
-soldiers taking vocational courses in the city. Members have also served
-refreshments on trains to soldiers recently discharged and entraining
-for their homes. At the Armories members have responded at all hours,
-sometimes working all night to serve refreshments to soldiers just
-disembarked and awaiting their discharge.
-
-The Red Cross has been ably assisted by the making of numerous garments,
-surgical supplies, sphagnum moss dressings, and the raising of funds
-during campaigns.
-
-The following “drives” have been given willing and able support:—
-
-  Navy League, Patriotic Fund, Knights of Columbus, Children’s
-  Hospital, Victorian Order, Salvation Army, Maternity Hospital, and
-  the Canadian Red Cross.
-
-For two years a rest and refreshment room has been conducted at the city
-market and has been of great benefit to the market people who often
-drive long distances.
-
-For two years the Halifax Dispensary has had the assistance daily of a
-member for clerical work.
-
-The Halifax Welfare, Victorian Order of Nurses, and many other
-organizations have had assistance, and many kindnesses have been
-performed, such as assistance given at orphans’ picnics.
-
-First aid booths have been conducted at exhibitions, Wanderers’ Athletic
-Grounds, and first aid rendered during public processions and
-individually in the every-day life of the members.
-
-All service rendered except that required in the last two sections of
-the Women’s Aid Department has been voluntary and performed quietly and
-systematically in times of emergencies, and in war as in times of peace
-for the public good.
-
-
-                           THE DISASTER WORK
-
-It is unnecessary here to refer to the causes and disastrous results of
-the great explosion on the morning of December 6, 1917. As nearly as can
-be ascertained more than 1,500 people lost their lives, approximately
-5,000 people were injured, of whom about 1,000 received more or less
-serious injuries. With hundreds of other citizens the members of the
-Halifax Divisions of the Brigade responded at once to the calls for
-assistance, and within an hour more than 140 members were on duty in the
-devastated area; on the Common, in improvised aid stations, and in the
-various emergency hospitals rendering first aid to the injured, the very
-object for which they had all been trained.
-
-Later in the afternoon and through the two or three days following they
-added to their duties those of material relief, and until a few days
-later the citizens’ organization was established when the Brigade
-workers were fitted in under their Lady Superintendent as part of the
-medical relief work.
-
-About sixty of the members remained on duty as V.A.D.’s in Camp Hill
-Hospital, the Y.M.C.A., Morris Street, and the various other hospitals
-for from one to five months following the explosion. For a short period
-following the disaster eight members of the St. John (N.B.) Division
-assisted the local division in providing personnel for the various
-hospitals.
-
-The total of the services rendered during the period December 6th to
-31st shows 1,098 days of hospital work, 217 cases of district relief
-followed up, 140 missing children located, as well as other missing
-persons traced, food distributed, and first aid service rendered.
-
-An official report forwarded through regular channels to the
-headquarters of the Brigade in England was referred by headquarters
-to the parent organization, the Ancient Order of the Hospital of St.
-John of Jerusalem in England, and in the spring of 1920 selected
-members of the Halifax Division and various citizens who co-operated
-with the Brigade in its invaluable work, were presented by the
-Lieutenant-Governor with the beautifully engraved certificates of
-thanks of the Order for their services rendered on the occasion of
-the disaster.
-
-
-                   THE CRECHE AT PIER NO. 2, HALIFAX.
-
-In the spring of 1917, when the German submarines were trying to starve
-Britain into surrender, the Canadian Government thought it wise to bring
-home the dependants of our soldiers who were not actually engaged in war
-work in the United Kingdom. The _Olympic_ arrived in Halifax Port one
-morning with 1,000 women and children aboard, as well as her usual
-number of invalided soldiers. Many hours passed before the last
-travellers entrained for their homes, and one may imagine the scene at
-Pier 2 where these tired women waited for long hours with no shelter or
-food and no comforts for their little ones.
-
-It was felt that something must be done to welcome those soldiers’
-dependants who had left their loved ones in England or France, and who
-could not surmise what the future held in store for those from whom they
-were separated. A committee of ladies was formed to look after all
-soldiers’ dependants on their arrival in Canada. Spacious rooms, with
-kitchen, dining-room, rest-room, nursery and bath-rooms were provided by
-the Government at Pier 2, together with a sum of money sufficient to
-furnish necessaries.
-
-For three years a band of ladies under the presidency—first of Mrs.
-Benson, wife of General Benson, and later of Mrs. J. G. McDougall—met
-all boats and cared for all travellers with the most wonderful devotion.
-As soon as the gangway was secured their work began. It mattered not
-whether the ship was docked at 7 a.m., or at midnight, on a summer
-morning, or on a cold winter evening, the workers were always there. Two
-of the Committee went on board to see if there were any special cases to
-be looked after and to notify those aboard of the Creche Committee’s
-willingness to help them in every possible way.
-
-Some stood at the gangway to welcome tired mothers and relieve them of
-their tiny but very heavy burdens. Others led them to the warm and
-comfortable quarters provided for them. In the kitchen busy hands had
-been at work, and sandwiches and fragrant hot coffee were not wanting;
-while in the nursery many young girls were preparing beds with cool
-white sheets in which to lay Canada’s young and welcome immigrants.
-
-Although the railway authorities were wonderfully expeditious in getting
-the trains despatched, still many hours had to be spent at the
-Creche—days sometimes—and, once or twice, even nights. The scenes when a
-boat arrived with many hundreds of women and children defy description.
-Parties were constantly being brought to the rooms by willing and
-helpful guides. If husband or father was there, he saw his dear ones
-safely housed, and he himself returned to look after the tickets and
-baggage. If the mother was in charge, she accompanied her little ones to
-the Creche, and after seeing them safe and happy, was assisted in
-collecting her baggage and procuring transportation. Kind hands
-undressed the babies, washed, warmed and fed them and laid them to sleep
-in comfort. The older children were also fed and then amused by toys and
-picture books. Older travellers, completely tired out by the long and
-often rough voyage, found indeed a warm and steady bed a source of joy.
-Times and movements of trains were called in the waiting rooms, and to
-the outgoing trains the travellers were finally escorted, as comfortable
-and as happy as it was possible to make them.
-
-The Red Cross placed a most efficient trained nurse at the disposal of
-the Committee, and it is not possible to tell how much her services were
-appreciated by those who, though not fit for hospital and anxious to
-complete their journey, were still much in need of care. In a general
-way, as well as in her professional capacity, the trained nurse rendered
-services of a very high order. Space does not permit to tell of all the
-various activities carried on at the Creche—money was exchanged, hotel
-accommodation secured for those remaining over in Halifax for a few
-days, telegrams were sent, meal tickets given to those who needed them
-on the trains, babies were supplied with necessaries for travelling, and
-money was many times given to those who through stress of circumstances
-had not the wherewithal to complete their journey.
-
-The returned men were always eager to assist in any way they could, and
-the bands of the Canadian Battalions gave all great pleasure by their
-delightful music.
-
-Arrangements were made for any needing hospital care; and they were
-continually visited by members of the Committee while in Halifax City.
-The military authorities placed an ambulance at the disposal of the
-Committee for such cases. The Committee had the fullest support and
-co-operation of the military authorities. They also had the assistance
-of a hundred workers who gave up all engagements and pleasures when it
-was known that a boat was expected.
-
-The Creche Committee deeply regretted the departure from Halifax of Mrs.
-Benson and Mrs. McKelvey Bell, under whom they began their work. The
-ladies who carried on to the close of operation were:—
-
-                 Mrs. McCallum Grant  _Hon. Chairman._
-                 Mrs. J. G. McDougall _Chairman._
-                 Mrs. Hector McInnes  _Vice-Chairman._
-                 Mrs. W. A. Henry     _Secretary._
-                 Mrs. W. E. Thompson  _Treasurer._
-
-                        Mrs. David McKeen.
-                        Mrs. G. S. Campbell.
-                        Mrs. Clarence MacKinnon.
-                        Miss Jessie MacKenzie.
-                        Lady Townshend.
-                        Mrs. M. A. Curry.
-
-The Creche closed on 31st December, 1919. Since the 18th November, 1918,
-the Committee and its helpers met 120 ships laden with returning
-Canadian soldiers, their wives and families. On one steamship alone, the
-_Megantic_, were 600 women and children, 180 of the children being under
-twelve months of age. On several occasions there have been as many as
-900 women and children on a steamer, and, in one instance, the _Olympic_
-brought 1,000. All were sent on their homeward journey rested,
-refreshed, and cheered; and the kindly welcome they received has made
-the name of the Atlantic Gateway dear to the hearts of thousands of
-people the Dominion over. Countless letters bear testimony to unfeigned
-appreciation and gratitude. One newspaper extract may be permitted.
-
-The _Ottawa Journal_ of December 28, 1918, says: “While this work, and,
-to a large extent, its financial obligations have been borne almost
-entirely by the citizens of Halifax, as the benefits accrue to the
-country as a whole the gratitude of the people of Canada is due to the
-small band of workers who for the past eighteen months have generously
-and patriotically assumed the burden for the whole Dominion.”
-
-Those were busy days at Pier 2; and although much sacrifice was demanded
-of the Halifax Creche Committee, it is not too much to say that it was
-willingly and joyfully given by those who wished to have some small
-share in the work of the Great War.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  FROM LEFT TO RIGHT—MRS. J. G. M‘DOUGALL, MRS. HECTOR M‘INNES, MRS. W.
-    A. HENRY, MRS. M‘CALLUM GRANT.]
-
-
-
-
-                             CHAPTER LVII.
-                  _ST. MATTHEW’S CHURCH AND THE WAR._
-
-
-  [A description of the work done by each of the churches in Nova
-  Scotia would require a book in itself. The following article on the
-  activities of St. Matthew’s Church, Halifax, is typical of the
-  manner in which the churches of all denominations throughout the
-  Province watched over the spiritual and material welfare of men of
-  the Overseas’ Units.—EDITOR.]
-
-Early in the War, as soon as it became evident to the citizens of
-Halifax that the struggle against “Might” would endure for some time,
-and that this station would become again and remain an important
-rendezvous for the army and navy while hostilities lasted, the question
-of showing some tangible appreciation to the volunteers who were
-rallying to the colors became paramount in many minds. Noticing the
-presence of many of these men at the regular church services in St.
-Matthew’s the minister (Rev. J. W. Macmillan, D.D.) conceived the idea
-of having special receptions so that they, while in Halifax, should find
-a real church home and get sociably acquainted with members of the
-congregation.
-
-Such receptions were held at the close of the usual Sunday evening
-services. Many of the men were met thus and later welcomed at various
-homes during the week. It was later found expedient for these hosts to
-join forces so as to be able to entertain larger numbers than could be
-accommodated at the houses, and it was thus that the Thursday evening
-entertainments originated in the schoolroom of St. Matthew’s Church
-during October, 1914. These gained immediately in popularity until
-crowded houses with S.R.O. signs continued for five winters without
-intermittence, except for a few weeks following the great explosion of
-December, 1917.
-
-The ladies of the congregation were from first to last the chief motive
-power at all these meetings, and the secret of their success. Some were
-not publicly in evidence but worked “behind the scenes” in supplying and
-providing the refreshments that formed a most important part of these
-functions and did yeoman service. The work was quickly organized into a
-perfect system, everybody being assigned to a task that suited the
-particular attitude of the worker, with plenty of eager helpers always
-on hand as reserves.
-
-This organization was not any premeditated system nor was it arranged on
-the basis of any other movement, but being almost impromptu formed
-itself with a naturalness according to the needs as they developed until
-it appeared to become as perfect as is humanly possible and so it
-continued with an earnest patriotic zeal on the part of the people
-anxious to help but unable to go to the field of war because of their
-sex or their age limit. Some distinguished themselves as caterers,
-cooks, coffee makers, waiters or waitresses and even as dishwashers.
-Others at the doors as welcoming committees or indoors as cartoon
-makers, lantern manipulators, contest managers, leaders of choruses and
-accompanists or “masters of ceremonies” and chairmen. Others again found
-work in advertising the meetings at the various ships and barracks until
-it became the rule that every new Regiment or warship arriving at
-Halifax was promptly advised of these Thursday evening meetings.
-
-The entertainment itself evolved into a systematic method by natural
-causes too, rather than by design. Noting the crowds of soldiers and
-sailors on the streets at an early hour the doors were opened at 6.30
-p.m. and immediately the hall began filling. To entertain the early
-arrivals a magic lantern displayed reproductions of recent war cartoons
-and cheery messages, while various popular songs and choruses thrown on
-the screen by the same method with a good accompanist at the piano got
-every one settled down for a hearty sing-song. Each week the cartoons
-were supplemented with additions and new songs added, along with items
-of current interest and latest news, more pictures of local topics and
-jokes that were fully appreciated. These opening features proved
-attractive and were followed with some contest varying weekly in their
-style and nature, for which prizes were awarded—always two at the least
-and sometimes as many as twelve, most of them being made and given by
-the ladies of the congregation—that were keenly contested for by the men
-in uniform. This first portion of the meeting soon became an essential
-part of the entertainment and was usually controlled by a “master of
-ceremonies,” who between 7.45 to 8 o’clock would surrender his position
-to the chairman of the evening, and he in turn would call the meeting to
-order with the singing of the National Anthem, and after a few words of
-welcome the concert proper was conducted.
-
-In this respect all the best and cleverest artists, without distinction
-of class or creed, responded willingly and enthusiastically to the
-committees having charge of the programmes. These committees rotated in
-their work and there arose a healthy competition between them in
-acquiring special performers and singers to assure successful concerts.
-
-At nine o’clock an adjournment for refreshments took place. This
-half-hour provided an opportunity for conversation as well as for
-eating; the lantern threw cartoons and pictures, jokes and songs on the
-screen so that good humor continued to prevail. During this interval
-some committee members moved among the audience seeking for impromptu
-items for a programme that was continued along with choruses from 9.30
-to 10 o’clock and even later for the benefit of such as had special
-“late leave.”
-
-The interest in these entertainments did not wane. It never flagged at
-any period of the five winters. The workers never tired of their tasks,
-nor was there ever any difficulty noticed in obtaining a bountiful
-supply of musical talent or refreshments to ensure success.
-
-The secret of any extra degree of popularity for these Thursday evenings
-cannot be attributed to any one cause but rather to a combination of
-circumstances. To a great degree the down-town position of St. Matthew’s
-made a strong appeal. The early start of these concerts caused them to
-be better known perhaps, and the fact of their regularity and continuity
-helped matters greatly, and yet, perhaps more than all, the ladies of
-St. Matthew’s were a greater factor than all these. This can be stated
-without in any degree disparaging the great work done by other churches
-and institutions or of ladies who were equally active in other places,
-and yet these ladies as a body were able to greet all the men in uniform
-with a heartiness that was promptly felt and without at any time the
-semblance of that familiarity that breeds contempt or of a patronizing
-air to which soldiers and sailors especially are most sensitive, and at
-no time was there anything but the most respectful and kindly feeling
-shown on either side.
-
-No smoking was indulged in at these gatherings, and none appeared to
-wish the privilege. The men refrained out of their natural respect to
-the ladies in the audience. Later on some “No Smoking Allowed” signs
-were placed in the ante-rooms, where some were wont to indulge in a few
-puffs during the intervals, but this was done on account of the fire
-risks in the older part of the structure and did not occasion much if
-any comment.
-
-To the credit of the men themselves it can be recorded now that though
-between 125 and 150 of these meetings were held and the average
-attendance was well over 400 men in uniform at each, only two men were
-noticed to be the worse for liquor, and one of these occasioned the only
-instance of a disagreement over any contest that took place on those
-evenings, and in his case the offender came back to the following
-meeting and apologized for his own unseemly behavior. This is a record
-for our soldiers and sailors of which the people of St. Matthew’s feel
-particularly proud. In itself it repays them fully for any efforts that
-were undertaken and leaves them ready to entertain such men whenever an
-opportunity occurs.
-
-The Sunday evening services of song were in some respects even more
-successful than the Thursday night concerts. A better chance to meet and
-know the men was afforded, and a better opportunity provided to
-intermingle and converse. The strangers invariably seemed to meet people
-from their own home towns or provinces, and the men from Britain found
-enthusiasts from Scotland, England, Ireland or Wales ready to greet them
-on mutual racial grounds.
-
-The addresses on these occasions always had a more serious, religious or
-sentimental strain than was noticeable on week nights, and the Rev. Dr.
-Clarke, who succeeded Dr. Macmillan in 1916 as minister of the
-congregation was always ready to tell a good story and point a moral
-with good effect. The lantern was used for throwing the words of
-well-known hymn tunes on the screen, and the singing often had the
-fervor of a revival meeting. As each Unit or Regiment was known to be
-embarking for the Front, “God Be With You Till We Meet Again” was
-invariably sung and often that hymn, “Eternal Father Strong to Save” and
-various war-time versions thereof were prayerfully sung. Besides the
-hymn singing there were always solos, duets or quartettes rendered by
-the church choir and other artists. Refreshments were served before
-dispersing, but were plainer than the fare dispensed on Thursdays, being
-confined to tea and biscuits so as to lessen the labor in deference to
-the Sabbath. These however, were greatly appreciated by men who had
-eaten their suppers at 4 p.m. with no other meal in prospect until the
-next day.
-
-Some thousands signed their autographs in visitors’ books that were
-frequently passed around for signature, and among them are those of
-hundreds who now lie in Flanders fields or gave their lives for God and
-King and Country in other spheres of the War zone. Many appreciatory
-letters were received from boys and men after they left Halifax,
-expressing their appreciation of these receptions, some of them
-comparing the wintry nights in the trenches or on the North Sea with the
-peaceful hours spent at St. Matthew’s. Many wives and mothers in all
-parts of Canada have heard of St. Matthew’s and Halifax and have shown
-their thankfulness in many ways for the attention given their husbands
-and sons while here. The work of the Halifax Churches combined with the
-activities of the Citizens’ Reception Committee and the Y.M.C.A. work at
-Pier 2 throughout the War have made the name of Halifax well and
-favorably known throughout the land. Even now that the War is over the
-duty of the churches towards the strangers within their gates should be
-continued—the need is great though the boys and men may not be in
-uniform and many of these could enjoy and appreciate as the soldiers and
-sailors did, a warm and kindly welcome from a Christian community.
-
-
-
-
-                            SPECIAL SKETCHES
-
-
-                        PROMINENT NOVA SCOTIANS
-
-               SOME KILLED IN ACTION—OTHERS “CARRYING ON”
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. W. E. THOMPSON.]
-
-To the organizing ability, and more especially the extraordinary
-genius for administration, of Col. W. E. Thompson must be given
-the chief credit for the splendid achievement and unsullied record
-of Military District No. 6. Second in Command of the 63rd Halifax
-Rifles at the outbreak of the War, he was, in December, 1914,
-called in by headquarters to assume the duties of Inspector of
-Outposts and Detachments throughout the district, with the rank of
-Lieutenant-Colonel. In March, 1915, he was appointed Assistant
-Adjutant-General and Officer in Charge of Administration of
-Military District No. 6. In May, 1916, he was promoted to the rank
-of Colonel; and during the summer of that year, in addition to his
-duties as Assistant Adjutant-General, was Commandant of the Camp
-at Aldershot. In December, 1918, Colonel Thompson succeeded to the
-command of Military District No. 6.
-
-The effect of his personality and of his genius for organization and,
-more particularly, administration, on the whole service of Military
-District No. 6, as well as on its morale, was extraordinary. He was
-regarded by Headquarters Staff, even by the three General Officers
-Commanding, before he succeeded to the command, as the authentic
-administrative “Mind” of the district. No other military district had
-such varied and great administrative problems and such heavy
-responsibilities as Military District No. 6, and yet the War was
-concluded with not a single mark against the administration and not a
-breath of scandal on its personnel and their conduct of the various
-Departments. For that splendid achievement Colonel Thompson was chiefly
-responsible.
-
-In heart, however, he was eminently the soldier. Repeatedly he
-volunteered for active service Overseas, and even specially appealed to
-Ottawa for permission to go Overseas with a Unit, but the Canadian
-Militia Department was obdurate, declaring that his genius for
-organization and administration was of such a character that he could
-not be spared from headquarters Military District No. 6. Strict, firm,
-and soldierly at headquarters, Colonel Thompson, notwithstanding,
-exemplified democracy in the most undemocratic of institutions, the
-army. His genuine democracy, his tempering of justice with mercy, and
-his fine kindliness won for him the high respect and admiration of all
-ranks.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Col. Gordon S. Harrington, K.C., is a son of the late C. S. Harrington,
-K.C., of Halifax, N.S. He was admitted to the Bar on October 19, 1904,
-and practised his profession at Glace Bay, N.S. He was one of the
-original Company Commanders of the 85th Battalion with the rank of
-Major, and, on the formation of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade,
-returned to Cape Breton and supervised the recruiting of the 185th
-Battalion. He was transferred to that Unit with his rank of Major and
-proceeded Overseas with it. When the Brigade was broken up he was sent
-to the Imperial First Senior Infantry School at Bedford, where he passed
-the qualifying examination with the highest marks ever attained at that
-institution. On reporting to the Nova Scotia Regimental Depot at
-Bramshott he was posted to the 17th Reserve Battalion, of which he was
-successively Second in Command and O.C. In May, 1917, he was transferred
-to the Staff of the Overseas Minister, London, and a short time later
-was appointed Assistant Deputy Minister. In 1918 he was appointed Deputy
-Minister and promoted to the rank of Colonel. He served in the field on
-Corps Headquarters.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COL. GORDON S. HARRINGTON.]
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Having in mind the fact that at the sudden outbreak of war, August,
-1914, the permanent military force of Canada only numbered 3,075, it
-will be readily understood that the Department of Militia and Defence
-was at once compelled to grapple with an enormous task for which no one
-could expect it to be prepared. The situation had to be met. The work
-had to be done. It had to be done quickly, and it is to the everlasting
-credit of Canada that we had men of outstanding ability and energy to
-cope successfully with the urgent situation.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  HON. F. B. M‘CURDY,
-  Secretary of Department of Militia.]
-
-By July, 1916, our military force was 312,844. Of these 136,185 were in
-Canada and 176,659 were Overseas. The number was daily increasing; and
-only those who were in close touch with the tremendous work of
-organizing, equipping, supplying and despatching such an army can
-realize what that meant in comparison with the work of administering
-affairs in regard to about 3,000 men during times of peace.
-
-In these circumstances, and in view of the further fact that the
-exigencies of affairs frequently called the Minister of Militia away
-from Ottawa for the purpose of visiting recruiting centres and military
-camps in Canada, as well as Canadian Headquarters in England, the
-Government decided that it was necessary to have a Parliamentary
-Secretary of the Department of Militia and Defence; and, accordingly, on
-July 16, 1916, by an Order-in-Council the office was created endowing
-the holder with general authority in regard to administration of the
-Department, and directing that during the absence from Ottawa of the
-Minister, the Parliamentary Secretary should also preside at all
-meetings of the Militia Council and report to the Privy Council through
-the Prime Minister.
-
-Fortunately, the services of a man of wide experience in business
-affairs, of well-known executive ability and withal energetic in
-discharge of duty, in the person of Mr. F. B. McCurdy, M.P., was
-available, and the Prime Minister wisely asked him to take up this very
-important work.
-
-Mr. McCurdy willingly agreed; but with one stipulation. The salary
-affixed to the office was $5,000. Mr. McCurdy was past military age, but
-he believed that every man should, as far as was in his power,
-contribute to national duty. He, therefore, stipulated that his services
-as Parliamentary Secretary of the Militia Department would be a free
-contribution to the country, and he so served.
-
-Immediately after Mr. McCurdy’s appointment, Sir Sam Hughes, Minister of
-Militia and Defence, went Overseas; and from that time, which, it will
-be remembered, was a very active and critical period of the War, until
-the creation of the Ministry of Overseas Military Forces of Canada, Mr.
-McCurdy played a very important part in the vital work of building up
-and strengthening Canada’s great army.
-
-Naturally Mr. McCurdy while discharging his weighty duties with due and
-patriotic regard to the national interests of the whole country, had a
-sympathetic ear for his fellow Nova Scotians; and it is well known that
-his good judgment and influential voice prevailed in regard to
-irritating questions as to the representation of Battalions at the
-Front, with results that afforded great satisfaction to the people of
-his native Province. It is sufficient to say that Mr. McCurdy’s eminent
-record as Parliamentary Secretary proved the unerring judgment of the
-Prime Minister in selecting the right men for responsible positions.
-
-At the election of December, 1917, Mr. McCurdy was returned by
-acclamation for Colchester, his native county.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR-GENERAL G. L. FOSTER, M.D., F.R.C.S., LL.D., C.B.]
-
-Son of George and Elmira Foster. Born at North Kingston, Kings County,
-Nova Scotia, May, 1874. Graduated M.D. 1896, University of New York,
-U.S.A. First appointment, Canadian Militia, August 4, 1897, Lieutenant
-and Assistant Surgeon, 68th Regiment, Kings County, Nova Scotia. Served
-with Yukon Field Forces as P.M.O., March, 1898, to July, 1900. April,
-1913, appointed Assistant Director of Medical Services, Military
-District No. 2, with headquarters at Toronto, Ontario. September, 1914,
-sailed from Quebec with First Canadian Contingent and appointed A.D.M.S.
-1st Division Canadians, with the rank of Colonel. Served in France from
-February, 1915, to September, 1915, as A.D.M.S. 1st Division Canadians.
-September, 1915, appointed Deputy Director of Medical Services, Canadian
-Corps, on its formation and served with Canadian Corps in France until
-February, 1917, when appointed Director-General of Medical Services,
-Overseas Military Forces of Canada with the rank of Major-General,
-headquarters in London, England. March, 1920, appointed Acting
-Director-General of Medical Services, Canadian Militia, with
-headquarters at Ottawa.
-
-  _Medals and Decorations._
-
-  1914–15 Star.
-
-  General Service Medal.
-
-  Victory Medal with Leaf.
-
-_Decorations, Military._
-
-  Companion of the Order of the Bath.
-
-  Knight of Grace, St. John of Jerusalem.
-
-  Officer Legion of Honour.
-
-  Civil Honors received as Head of the Canadian Medical Service during
-  the Great War, 1914–15.
-
-  October, 1919, Edinburgh University conferred the degree of F.R.C.S.
-
-  June, 1920. McGill University, conferred the degree of LL.D.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. CHARLES E. BENT, C.M.G., D.S.O.]
-
-Lieut.-Col. Charles E. Bent was a Captain in the 93rd Cumberland
-Regiment at the outbreak of the War. He immediately volunteered for
-active service and, as Adjutant of the 17th Battalion, accompanied the
-First Division to England. On the breaking up of that Unit he took a
-draft over to the 13th Battalion, arriving in France April, 1915. He
-reported for duty with the 15th Battalion and was given command of a
-Platoon. He became a Company Commander immediately after the fighting of
-Festubert, 1915; Second in Command December 31, 1915; and Officer
-Commanding the 15th Battalion in May, 1916. He took part in all fighting
-with the First Division until wounded August 9, 1918, near Caix, east of
-Amiens. He rejoined his Battalion on October 1st, and after the
-Armistice proceeded with the Army of Occupation to Germany. He acted as
-Brigade Commander on several occasions and was in command of the 3rd
-Brigade from October 20 to November 24, 1918. He took part in the
-following battles:
-
-                       Festubert            1915
-                       Givenchy             1915
-                       Messines             1915
-                       Ypres                1916
-                       Ploegsteerte         1916
-                       Ypres                1916
-                       Hill 60              1916
-                       Sanctuary Wood       1916
-                       Somme                1916
-                       Vimy Ridge           1917
-                       Hill 70              1917
-                       Passchendaele        1917
-                       Telegraph Hill       1918
-                       Amiens               1918
-                       Drocourt-Queant Line 1918
-
-  and others up to the signing of the Armistice, November 11, 1918.
-
-  _Decorations._
-
-             C.M.G.
-             D.S.O. and Bar.
-             1914–15 Star.
-             Colonial Auxiliary Forces’ Long Service Medal.
-             Seven mentions in despatches.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. J. A. M‘DONALD.]
-
-Lieut.-Col. J. A. McDonald started his military career by enlisting in
-the 17th Sydney Field Battery in 1896, receiving first-class certificate
-from the R.S.A., Quebec, winter of 1897–98, enlisted for service in
-South Africa 1899, served in “E” Battery and 4th C.M.R., obtained
-commission in the 17th 1906, qualified and promoted through the various
-stages until he took command of the Battery in 1913, was still in
-command at outbreak of the War in August, 1914, when he volunteered the
-Battery for Overseas service through the then Brigade Commander,
-Lieut.-Col. H. G. McLeod. August 8, 1914. On arrival at Valcartier he
-was posted as Captain to the 5th Westmount Battery, 2nd Brigade, C.F.A.,
-promoted in Field to rank of Major May, 1915, and took command of 7th
-Battery, promoted to rank of Lieutenant-Colonel April, 1917, and was
-posted to command the 3rd Brigade, C.F.A., commanded this Brigade until
-it was demobilized in Canada in May, 1919, except for period of three
-months, during which time he was attached to the 4th Canadian Division
-Artillery Headquarters, acting as C.R.A.
-
-During the above period of four years and ten months on active service
-he went through every engagement in which the Canadian Corps took part
-from the day the First Canadian Division landed on French soil (February
-12, 1915) up to the day of the Armistice, November 11, 1918.
-
-  Decorations are as follows:—
-
-          Queen’s South Africa Medal, Three Clasps.
-          D.S.O., _London Gazette_, 1–1–17.
-          Mentioned in despatches, _London Gazette_, 4–1–17.
-          Mentioned in despatches, _London Gazette_, 28–5–18.
-          Mentioned in despatches, _London Gazette_, 31–12–18.
-          Mentioned in despatches, _London Gazette_, 11–7–19.
-          Awarded Bar to D.S.O., _London Gazette_, 1–2–19.
-          1914–15 Star, _London Gazette_, 3–5–19.
-
-  Total period of service, twenty-three years, of which six years and
-  four months were spent on active service.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. T. HOWARD MACDONALD, C.A.M.C.]
-
-Went Overseas January, 1915, unattached, with the rank of Major. He was
-first attached to the Canadian Convalescent Hospital at Bearwood Park.
-From there he went to Bath, thence to Moore Barracks Hospital, and was
-later appointed Medical Examiner of the Pension Board, London. He went
-to France as Medical Officer of a Labor Battalion. He was promoted to
-the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and received the appointment of
-Commanding Officer of the medical personnel of the Hospital Ship
-_Llandovery Castle_. This ship was torpedoed by an enemy submarine on
-June 27, 1918, and Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonald was drowned. Out of the
-entire ship’s company there were only twenty-four survivors, and of the
-hospital personnel of ninety-seven only one officer and five other ranks
-escaped. In spite of their appalling circumstances the conduct of all on
-board was in fitting keeping with the proudest traditions of the British
-Army and the mercantile marine. And throughout nothing was more marked
-than the coolness and courage of the fourteen Canadian Nursing Sisters,
-every one of whom was lost. Two of the nursing sisters—Pearl Fraser and
-Minnie Follette—were Nova Scotians.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MISS MARGARET MACDONALD, LL.D., R.R.C.,
-
-  Matron-in-Chief of Canadian Nursing Sisters.]
-
-Miss Macdonald was born at Bailey’s Brook, Pictou County, and is a
-daughter of the late D. D. Macdonald. She is a sister of Col. R. St.
-John Macdonald, who was in command of the St. Francis Xavier Unit. Miss
-Macdonald served in the Spanish-American War, in the South African War,
-and later in the Canal Zone at Panama. In November, 1906, she was
-appointed a Nursing Sister in the Canadian Army Permanent Medical Corps,
-and after taking a course in England received the appointment of
-Matron-in-Chief and was in command of three thousand Canadian Nursing
-Sisters during the Great War. She has been decorated with the Royal Red
-Cross and the Florence Nightingale medal.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. M. F. Gregg, a graduate of Acadia University, Wolfville, won the
-Victoria Cross while serving with the Royal Canadian Regiment. The
-following is the official record as published in the _London Gazette_:
-
-“On September the 28th, when the advance of the Brigade was held up by
-fire on both flanks and by thick, uncut wire, he crawled forward alone
-and explored the wire until he found a small gap, through which he
-subsequently led his men and forced an entry into the enemy trench. The
-enemy counter-attacked in force and through lack of bombs the situation
-became critical.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. M. F. GREGG, V.C.]
-
-“Gregg, although wounded, returned alone under a terrific fire and
-collected a further supply, then rejoined his party which was now much
-reduced. Despite a second wound he reorganized his men and led them in
-the most determined way against the enemy trenches, which he finally
-cleared. He personally killed or wounded eleven of the enemy and took
-twenty-five prisoners, besides capturing twelve machine guns in this
-trench. Remaining with the Company, despite his wounds, he again, on
-September 30th, led the men in attack until severely wounded. The
-outstanding valor of this officer saved many casualties and enabled the
-advance to continue.”
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  PTE. JOHN CROAK, V.C.]
-
-Pte. John Croak, V.C., was born in Newfoundland and came to Glace Bay
-with his parents at four years of age. He attended St. John’s School,
-New Aberdeen, Glace Bay, and afterwards worked as a miner in No. 2
-Colliery, Glace Bay (the biggest in the world). He volunteered for
-Overseas service in the 55th Battalion and was transferred to the 13th
-Battalion. He died of wounds received in action on August 8, 1918. His
-father, mother, two sisters and two brothers are living at Glace Bay.
-
-The official notice from the War Office announcing the award of the
-Victoria Cross was as follows:
-
-“On August 8, 1918, during the attack on Amiens Defence System, after
-being separated from his section, Private Croak encountered a
-machine-gun nest in Ring Copse, which he dealt with by first bombing
-unassisted and then jumping into the post, taking the gun and crew
-prisoners. Shortly afterwards he was severely wounded in the right arm
-but refused to desist.
-
-“In a few minutes his Platoon, which this soldier had rejoined, again
-encountered a very strong point, containing several machine-guns and
-they were forced to take cover. Private Croak, however, seeing an
-opportunity, dashed forward alone, and was almost immediately followed
-by the remainder of the Platoon in a brilliant charge. He was the first
-to arrive at the trench line, into which he led the men, capturing three
-machine-guns and bayoneting or capturing the entire garrison.
-
-“The perseverance and courage of this gallant man were undoubtedly
-responsible for taking the strongest point in the whole day’s advance.
-
-“Private Croak was again severely wounded in the knee and died in a few
-minutes.”
-
-On November 23, 1918, Lieutenant-Governor Grant formally presented the
-Victoria Cross to his mother, Mrs. James Croak, of New Aberdeen, Cape
-Breton. The Lieutenant-Governor complimented the parents and a sister
-who accompanied them on the fact that their son and brother had so well
-demonstrated that he came of good stock and was a good soldier, a brave
-man, and a hero.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR CECIL VERGE STRONG, M.C.]
-
-Major Cecil Verge Strong, M.C., son of Percy T. Strong, Esq., of
-Halifax. He was O.C. 15th Field Company, Royal Engineers, and the
-youngest Commanding Officer in the British Army. He was killed in action
-March 10, 1917, aged 23 years. Buried Piney Post Cemetery, Maurepas,
-near Peronne. Mentioned in despatches five times.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR J ARNOLD DELANCEY, M.C.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MAJOR EDWARD W. JOY.]
-
-Major J. Arnold Delancey, M.C., joined the 40th Battalion and
-transferred to the 25th Battalion as machine gun officer. He was
-Adjutant of the 25th in France and attained his majority in October,
-1916. He was killed at Vimy Ridge, April 9, 1917, while leading his
-Battalion, of which he was in temporary command. He was decorated with
-the Military Cross. He had a distinguished career and was rapidly
-promoted on account of his good work at the Front.
-
-Major Edward W. Joy went Overseas with 106th Battalion. Transferred to
-78th Battalion in France. Killed in action at Vimy Ridge, April 9, 1917.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Kennet Stairs. Born 1889. Killed in action September 30, 1918,
-while serving with 60th Battery, C.F.A., near Cambrai.
-
-Lieut. Philip Boyd Stairs, D.S.O. Born 1895. Wounded while serving with
-5th Canadian Division, T.M.B. Died of influenza at Valenciennes,
-November 21, 1918.
-
-Capt. George W. Stairs. Born 1887. Killed at St. Julien, April 24, 1915,
-while serving with the 14th Battalion.
-
-Capt. John C. Stairs. Born 1891. Killed at Courcellette, September 15,
-1916, while serving with the 25th Battalion.
-
-Capt. Gauvin L. Stairs. Born 1896. Killed at Moquet Farm, near
-Courcellette, September 7, 1916, while serving with the 14th Battalion.
-
-Pte. Graham Stairs. Born 1894. Died of pneumonia at Halifax, December
-10, 1915, while serving with the 85th Battalion.
-
-  “One by one Death challenged them. One by one they smiled in his
-  grim visage and refused to be dismayed.”
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           THE STAIRS FAMILY.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. KENNET STAIRS.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. PHILIP R. STAIRS.]
-
-                 _Sons of Mrs. Edward Stairs, Halifax._
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. GEORGE W. STAIRS.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. JOHN C. STAIRS.]
-
-                   _Sons of George Stairs, Halifax._
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. GAUVIN L. STAIRS.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  PTE. GRAHAM STAIRS.]
-
-                  _Sons of Gauvin L. Stairs, Halifax._
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. E. J. DWYER.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. L. RAY CUTTEN.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. EDGAR S. SPURR. M.C.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. GEORGE COLLINS PARISH, YARMOUTH, N.S.]
-
-Capt. E. J. Dwyer was Second in Command of “C” Company, 85th Battalion.
-He left the Battalion shortly after it arrived in England to join the
-25th Battalion in France. After serving with the latter Unit for six
-months he was detailed to proceed to Mesopotamia, and sailed on the
-_Nyanza_. This ship was torpedoed and Captain Dwyer was drowned.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Capt. L. Ray Cutten, an officer in the 93rd Cumberland Regiment. He
-volunteered for service Overseas at the outbreak of war and was
-Assistant Adjutant of the 17th Battalion. He transferred to the 15th
-Battalion and again to the 2nd Battalion, in which he was a Company
-Commander and was recommended for the Military Cross. He was killed at
-Maple Grove, near Hill 60, June 5, 1916. Buried near Poperinghe.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Capt. Edgar S. Spurr, M.C., obtained his commission in 112th Battalion.
-Promoted to rank of Captain July 24, 1916. Reverted to go to France,
-where he served with the 25th Battalion. Awarded the Military Cross and
-regained the rank of Captain. August 15, 1917. Killed in action, June
-14. 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Capt. George Collins Parish, Yarmouth, N.S. Immediately after the
-outbreak of the Great War, was appointed Lieutenant in the 81st Regiment
-Canadian Infantry.
-
-Commissioned as a Lieutenant in the 40th Battalion, C.E.F. Recruited a
-Platoon in Yarmouth for that Unit, took them to Valcartier. After a
-period of training he was sent Overseas in command of a reinforcing
-draft of 250 men.
-
-He was attached to the 17th Reserve Battalion at Bramshott for a period,
-when, in 1916, he was posted to the 25th Battalion, and sent to Belgium,
-was severely wounded and invalided home. On his partial recovery he was
-posted to the 1st Nova Scotia Regiment, Depot Battalion, as Paymaster,
-with the rank of Captain. He contracted influenza and died October 28,
-1918. Was interred at Mountain Cemetery, Yarmouth.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Six sons of G. Douglas and Kate G. Campbell, of Weymouth, were
-volunteers in August, 1914.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-COLIN, the youngest, enlisted first and served at McNab’s Island. He
-joined the 23rd Battery at Fredericton in November. Proceeded Overseas
-in March, 1915, and arrived in France the following June. Severely
-wounded at La Bassee, June 19th. On discharge from hospital he joined
-the Imperial Service and obtained his commission. Returned to the Front
-during the winter of 1915–16. Received multiple wounds July 19th and was
-awarded the M.C. After discharge from hospital he was decorated by the
-King and again returned to the Front. Passed examination for aviation
-during the summer, but returning to the artillery was killed in action
-near Passchendaele, October 10, 1917.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-TOM, also joined the 23rd Battery and proceeded to England with Colin.
-He was transferred to the 3rd Battalion and served at the Front from
-June to December, 1915. Trench life and its filthy conditions undermined
-his health, and in December he was shell-shocked and sent to hospital.
-He returned to Canada in 1916.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-KENNETH, began his training for active service at Halifax, later going
-to Valcartier. He was sent to Weymouth to assist in recruiting the 85th
-and 219th Battalions. He proceeded Overseas in August, 1916, and joined
-the 42nd Battalion. He became Bombing Officer of that Unit, and was
-killed at Vimy Ridge, January 18, 1917, and buried at Mount St. Eloi.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-JOHN DUNCAN, joined the 106th Battalion at Truro in January, 1916.
-Arrived in England, July, 1916, and at the Front in December, 1916.
-Wounded in hand and thigh at Vimy Ridge, April 8, 1917. Returned to the
-Front and served until shell-shocked at Rochmont. Returned to Halifax,
-June, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  THE SIX CAMPBELL BROTHERS.]
-
-GLIDDEN, the eldest, was already in the Militia when the War broke out,
-his commission being dated June, 1914. He was in command of the Digby
-Detachment of the Garrison Artillery at Barrington, N.S., and joined the
-85th Battalion in October, 1915, as Machine Gun Officer. He proceeded
-Overseas with that Unit, arriving in France in time for the Vimy show.
-He was appointed to the command of “B” Company in October, 1917. He led
-his Company at Passchendaele, wiping out over a dozen machine gun nests
-and capturing a pill-box single-handed. Was blown into the air by a
-shell and, although wounded, refused to leave the line. He was awarded
-the M.C. He carried on with the Battalion until June, 1918, when, after
-an attack of trench fever and suffering from the effects of gas, he was
-sent to the South of France to recuperate. He later transferred to the
-Forestry Corps, taking command of the 79th Company and was promoted to
-the rank of Major.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-ALBERT MUNGO, volunteered in 1914, but as his five brothers had left his
-father’s business, it was decided that he should remain at home. He was
-so anxious to join up, however, that he was reluctantly permitted to do
-so, and in the early spring of 1916 enlisted in the 58th Battery, C.F.A.
-He went to the Front with that Unit and remained with it to the finish.
-He was the last of the four surviving brothers to arrive home.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. H. A. MURRAY.]
-
-Capt. H. A. Murray joined the 24th Battalion as Lieutenant during the
-winter of 1915 from the McGill C.O.T.C., and served as Transport Officer
-until May, 1916. Promoted to Captain in July, 1916, and to Acting-Major
-while in command of a Company in September, 1916. Was Company Commander
-of “D” Company, 24th Battalion, when killed in fighting for Regina
-Trench, near Courcellette, on October 1, 1916.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. EDWARD C. CLAYTON, M.C.]
-
-Capt. Edward C. Clayton, M.C., son of W. J. Clayton, Halifax. Appointed
-Lieutenant 85th Battalion, December 28, 1916. Promoted to rank of
-Captain, August 9, 1917. Awarded Military Cross, Eleudit Leauvette.
-Although not his turn to lead his Company in the attack on Passchendaele
-Ridge he urged his reasons for doing so upon his Commanding Officer so
-strongly that permission was given him. He was killed by a piece of
-shell just as his Company advanced in the attack, but he had made his
-preparation so carefully that they carried on, annihilated the enemy,
-gained their objectives, dug in, and held their position intact until
-the Battalion was relieved.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. HARRY ELTHAN HILTON.]
-
-Capt. Harry Elthan Hilton, only child of Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Hilton, of
-Kingston, Nova Scotia. Born September 16, 1894. When war broke out was
-on the Staff of the Bank of Nova Scotia. He enlisted in the 63rd
-Regiment on August 14, 1914, gazetted Lieutenant the following month and
-sailed for England with a draft of the 63rd on March 1, 1916. Went to
-France, June 14, 1916, and was attached to the 42nd Battalion. He fought
-at Courcellette and various other engagements throughout the Somme
-campaign. Later was transferred to the 7th Trench Mortar Battery and was
-killed at Vimy Ridge. Gazetted Captain, January 13, 1917.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. A. S. ALLEN, M.C.]
-
-Capt. A. S. Allen, M.C., son of Mr. Arthur E. Allen, of Yarmouth, N.S.
-Born at Glenwood, Yarmouth County, July 23, 1895. At the age of sixteen
-he entered the service of the Bank of Nova Scotia, and in 1913 was
-transferred to the Barrington Street Branch, Halifax. He qualified as
-Lieutenant in the 81st Regiment and proceeded Overseas with the 40th
-Battalion. In March, 1916, he joined the 18th Battalion in France. He
-was later gazetted Captain and awarded the Military Cross. In November
-he transferred to the R.F.C. On April 30, 1917, while reconnoitering
-over Gouzeaucourt his plane was attacked by six enemy machines. Captain
-Allen was hit by a machine-gun bullet and was dead when his plane
-crashed. Lieut. D. Mactavish, Inverness, Scotland, who accompanied him
-on this flight, writes:
-
-“I can never forget him as I saw him at the last, calm and collected to
-the end, sighting and firing until his strength gave out and he was
-overcome by exhaustion. It is given to a few men to live greatly, but to
-be able to die as he did is a gift of God. Truly he won—_Per ardua ad
-astra_.”
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. J. E. ALMON.]
-
-Capt. J. E. Almon, son of the late Dr. Thomas Almon, of Halifax. Killed
-in action at Passchendaele, while serving with the P.P.C.L.I.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. CYRIL M‘LELLAN MOWBRAY.]
-
-Lieut. Cyril McLellan Mowbray, only son of Lieut. Col. J. A. C. Mowbray,
-O.B.E., Senior Pay Officer, Military District No. 6. Killed in action,
-November 10, 1917, at Passchendaele, aged nineteen years, while serving
-with the 5th Canadian Battalion.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  SECOND LIEUT. JOHN STRUAN ROBERTSON.]
-
-Second Lieut. John Struan Robertson, son of Lieut.-Col. Struan G.
-Robertson, of Pictou. Born in Westville, Pictou County, November 17,
-1896. Got his commission from the Royal Military College, Kingston,
-Ont., in 1917. Attached to the R.F.A., B. 46th Brigade, 14th Division,
-5th Army. Killed near Benay, in the neighborhood of St. Quentin, March
-21, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. GEORGE MACDONALD SYLVESTER.]
-
-Lieut. George Macdonald Sylvester. Went Overseas with 40th Battalion as
-Assistant Adjutant. Transferred to 14th Battalion and was killed at
-Regina Trench, September 26, 1916.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. WALTER MELVILLE BILLMAN.]
-
-Lieut. Walter Melville Billman. At Oxford at outbreak of war. Joined
-Officers’ Training Corps, Oxford. Appointed Second Lieutenant 6th
-Battalion 1st Middlesex Regiment. Died of wounds received at Battle of
-Somme, November 5, 1916.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. HOWARD CHARLES DAWSON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. JOHN. H. FIENDAL.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. THOMAS LOUIS BRENNAN.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. G. H. CAMPBELL.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. F. P. H. LAYTON.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. ALFRED S. CHURCHILL.]
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Howard Charles Dawson, son of Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Dawson, of
-Truro, N.S. He was killed while on scout duty at Ablain, St. Nazaire, on
-January 12, 1917, at the age of 22 years. He was buried in Sucrerie
-Cemetery, near Lens. He enlisted in January, 1916, in the 106th
-Battalion and transferred to the 26th Battalion in October, 1916. He was
-scout officer of this Battalion when killed.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. John H. Fiendal went Overseas as a Sergeant in No. 1 Casualty
-Clearing Hospital. Was given a commission and joined the 25th Battalion
-in 1916. He was killed at Vimy Ridge, April 9, 1917.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Thomas Louis Brennan trained at Aviation School, Toronto, and
-went to England December, 1915. Completed his training there and went to
-France early in 1916. Was wounded, and after being discharged from
-hospital was employed as an Instructor, and returned to Canada early in
-1918. Up to the time of his death was attached to the Aviation School in
-Toronto. He died of influenza October, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. G. H. Campbell, son of George H. Campbell, Esq., of Halifax,
-joined the 40th Battalion with the rank of Lieutenant. He proceeded
-Overseas with that Unit, and was later transferred to the 1st Canadian
-Pioneers. He was killed at Battersea Farm, Ypres, May 16, 1916, aged 22
-years.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. F. P. H. Layton, only son of George A. Layton, Esq., of Truro.
-Born April 13, 1888. Educated at King’s College School and Dalhousie
-University. Admitted to the Bar in 1912. When war broke out was
-practising in Vancouver. He obtained a commission in the 40th Battalion
-and transferred to the 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles. He was killed in
-action July 23, 1916.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Alfred S. Churchill. Killed in action April 9, 1917, at Vimy
-Ridge, while serving with the Royal Canadian Regiment.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. ALBERT F. MAJOR.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. W. T. BECK.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. T. PROBERT, M.C.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. GORDON M. HEBB.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. HAROLD ARCHIBALD SMITH, M.C.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. GERALD. E. CRAGG.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. W. S. FIELDING.]
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. W. T. Beck. Served in Egypt with Royal Air Force. Killed November
-15, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Harold Archibald Smith, M.C. Born at Londonderry May 13, 1893.
-Educated at Sydney Academy and Dalhousie University. Graduated B.A. 1913
-and went to Labrador as missionary. At Pine Hill College autumn of 1914.
-Enlisted in 6th C.M.R. January, 1915. Wounded at the Somme, September
-15, 1916. After convalescence went to Bexhill and rejoined his Unit as
-Lieutenant. Awarded Military Cross August 26, 1918. Two days later at
-Monchy Heights was severely wounded. Died September 14th at Prince of
-Wales Hospital, London, and buried in Brookwood Cemetery.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Albert F. Major, son of F. G. Major, Esq., of Halifax. Went
-Overseas with 14th Battalion of Montreal. Killed in action at Zillebeke
-Heights June 3, 1916.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Gordon M. Hebb, son of Levi Hebb, Esq., of Bridgewater, N.S.
-Killed in action near Courcellette while serving with 78th Battalion.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. W. S. Fielding, son of George H. Fielding, Esq., Stipendiary
-Magistrate, Halifax, N.S. Called out for service with his Regiment, the
-66th Princess Louise Fusiliers, at the outbreak of war. Proceeded with a
-draft from that Regiment to England in January, 1916. He was transferred
-to the 7th British Columbia Battalion in France. He was twice wounded.
-Killed in action at Passchendaele.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. J. T. Probert, M.C. Before the War Lieut. Probert was an
-accountant in the service of the Intercolonial Railway at Halifax. He
-was attached to the Royal Canadian Regiment in France, and was killed in
-action at Cambrai, September 30, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Gerald E. Cragg, son of C. J. Cragg, Bridgewater, Nova Scotia.
-Killed in action June 3, 1916, aged 22 years, 4 months, near Ypres,
-Belgium, while serving with the 3rd Toronto Regiment.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Jas. O’Neill Fitzgerald, M.C., enlisted in the 40th Battalion,
-was transferred to 25th Battalion in France, May, 1916, and served till
-April, 1917, when he was promoted to commissioned rank. He rejoined his
-Battalion in October, 1917, and was wounded at the Battle of Amiens,
-August 9, 1918, and awarded the Military Cross.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Cadet H. S. Simson enlisted in the 2nd Canadian Divisional Cyclist
-Company on April 19, 1915. He accompanied his Unit to France on
-September 15, 1915, and was wounded October 8, 1916, during the Somme
-offensive. He was awarded the Medaille Militaire (French) on July 6,
-1917, for work on the Somme. Joining the Royal Air Force in July, 1918,
-he served until the signing of the Armistice.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Walter O. Barnstead joined the 6th Canadian Mounted Rifles at
-Halifax, February 11, 1915, and proceeded to France with his Unit in
-October, 1915. He was transferred to the 5th C.M.R., promoted to
-commissioned rank in April, 1917, and served with his Unit until the
-Armistice. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre at Amiens, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Capt. G. M. Drew was called out with his Regiment, the 1st Canadian
-Garrison Artillery, on August 22, 1914, and left for Valcartier early in
-September. From Valcartier he proceeded to England, joining the Royal
-Garrison Artillery. He proceeded to France with the 1st Siege Battery in
-September, 1915, and served with this Unit and various Trench Mortar
-Batteries until June, 1916, when he was invalided to England suffering
-from trench fever. After service in England, Capt. Drew returned to
-France in May, 1917, with the 259th Siege Battery, and served in the
-Ypres Salient and Nieuport areas till the signing of the Armistice.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-The four boys mentioned above are all in the employ of the Furness Withy
-Company, Limited.
-
-[Illustration: LT. W. D. BARNSTEAD LT. JAS. O’NEIL FITZGERALD H. S.
-SIMSON CAPT. G. M. DREW]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. JAS. BLAIR.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT.-COL. CHARLES J. T. STEWART, D.S.O.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  CAPT. N. P. FREEMAN.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. C. SUTHERLAND.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. J. G. LAURIER FRASER.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  EMILE GABOURY.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  LIEUT. IAN C. M‘GREGOR.]
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut.-Col. Charles J. T. Stewart, D.S.O., was the son of the late
-Lieut.-Col. C. J. Stewart, of Halifax. He went Overseas with the
-P.P.C.L.I. Was awarded the D.S.O. and French Croix de Guerre. He was
-killed in action September 28, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. J. G. Laurier Fraser, son of the late Lieut.-Governor D. C.
-Fraser. Enlisted at Moose Jaw in the 229th Battalion and sailed for
-England in September, 1916. Transferred to the 16th Battalion. Killed in
-action March 6, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Jas. Blair, son of Lieut.-Col. H. C. Blair, of Truro. Killed in
-action.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. J. C. Sutherland. Killed in action.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Lieut. Ian C. McGregor. Went Overseas November, 1916. Trained in England
-with Royal Flying Corps. Went to France as pilot, April, 1917, attached
-to Squadron 56, and later transferred to Squadron 60. Wounded September
-21, 1917, and was eight months in hospital in France. Died at Saranac
-Lake, N.Y., March 5, 1920. Officially credited with eleven machines.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Capt. Nelson P. Freeman, of Bridgewater, stricken with paralysis while
-on service in England, was invalided to Canada, and died.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-Emile Gaboury, son of Dr. T. C. Gaboury, the late representative of the
-County of Pontiac, Quebec. Came to Halifax in 1911 as Manager of the
-Nova Scotia Branch of the Imperial Tobacco Company of Canada, Limited,
-and after war broke out was appointed French Consul. Notwithstanding his
-many duties, Mr. Gaboury took an active interest in the Victory Loan,
-Red Triangle, Knights of Columbus, and the Salvation Army. He was a
-particularly strong and active member of the Red Cross, and played a
-large role in the welcoming of returned soldiers at Pier 2. During the
-War he appealed for the Red Cross in all the theatres of Halifax as well
-as throughout the Province, and organized Red Cross branches in many of
-the smaller towns.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  COLWELL FAMILY.]
-
-Garnet James Colwell, Lieutenant 66th Halifax Regiment. Served in Canada
-1915–1918. Sent Overseas May 16, 1918.
-
-Cyril Henry Colwell, Lieutenant 63rd Halifax Regiment. Served in Canada
-1915–1917. Sent Overseas September 5, 1917.
-
-Ray John Colwell, Lieutenant 63rd Halifax Regiment. Served in Canada
-1916–1918. Sent Overseas August 3, 1918.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. MAY B. SEXTON, B.SC.]
-
-Mrs. May B. Sexton, B.Sc., Vice-President, Canadian Red Cross Society,
-Nova Scotia Branch. Ex-Municipal Regent for Halifax, I.O.D.E.
-Ex-Chairman Halifax Playgrounds Commission, Ex-Vice-President Local
-Council of Women.
-
-
- LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE ROYAL BANK WHO ENLISTED FROM BRANCHES IN NOVA
-                                SCOTIA.
-
-                           Andrewes, F. L.
-                           Annand, C. D.
-                           Anthony, L. F.
-                           Atkinson, C. H.
-                           Aucoin, J. D.
-                           Austen, G. A.
-                           Banks, C. N.
-                           Barry, J. R.
-                           Bezanson, G. A.
-                           Blair, R. G.
-                           Boudreau, L. P.
-                           Bowers, C. C.
-                           Boyd, R. J.
-                           Browne, A. S.
-                           Bryson, W. E.
-                           Buckley, W. A.
-                           Butler, J. K.
-                           Cain, C. L.
-                           Cairns, J. A.
-                           Cameron, J. A.
-                           Cameron, N. P.
-                           Campbell, J. A.
-                           Campbell, J. A.
-                           Campbell, R. B.
-                           Chisholm, A. D.
-                           Chisholm, J. D.
-                           Chapman, P. T.
-                           Cornwall, H. A.
-                           Cosman, E. A.
-                           Cotter, J. G.
-                           Coumans, R. G.
-                           Crowell, A. L.
-                           Crowell, C. L.
-                           Cunningham, H.
-                           Curll, M. H.
-                           Daniel, G. H.
-                           Demers, J. C.
-                           DesBrisay, A. S.
-                           Dexter, R.
-                           Dickie, E. C.
-                           Dickie, K. R.
-                           Dickie, L. W.
-                           Dickson, G. M.
-                           Dodge, C. M.
-                           Doucette, H. H.
-                           Douse, G. A. P.
-                           Durham, E. B.
-                           Dustan, S. B.
-                           Embree, D. T.
-                           Ernst, W. A.
-                           Farnell, A. H.
-                           Flannery, C. G.
-                           Flinn, G.
-                           Forsythe, J. S. G.
-                           Fraser, A. Elmer.
-                           Fraser, A. Ernest.
-                           Fraser, A. M.
-                           Fraser, L. G.
-                           Gage, L. G.
-                           Gass, C.
-                           Gorham, E. R.
-                           Goudrey, K. H.
-                           Grant, B. E.
-                           Gregory, H. S.
-                           Haines, R. S.
-                           Hains, A. P. R.
-                           Hall, H. L.
-                           Hanna, V. M.
-                           Harding, C. E.
-                           Hatfield, A. W.
-                           Hawkins, G. S.
-                           Henderson, H. F.
-                           Herman, R. R.
-                           Johnston, J. L.
-                           Johnstone, G. H.
-                           King, D. A.
-                           King, J. J. W.
-                           Kirk, J. H.
-                           Kierstead, A. L.
-                           Knowles, J. E.
-                           Kyte, S. E.
-                           Kinnie, E. F.
-                           Knowles, J. E.
-                           Langille, L. H.
-                           LeLievre, P.
-                           Lordly, E. F.
-                           Longley, E. G.
-                           Love, H. A.
-                           MacDonald, D. W.
-                           MacDougall, J. I.
-                           MacDougall R.
-                           MacKenzie, W. K.
-                           MacKay, J. W.
-                           MacLean, C. W.
-                           Mann, C. H.
-                           March, J. E. R.
-                           Matthews, C. F.
-                           Melvin, W. D.
-                           Merriam, S. G.
-                           Merritt, F. G.
-                           Milner, C. H.
-                           Millett, J. N. L.
-                           Moore, A. J.
-                           Morrison, W. H.
-                           Morrow, J.
-                           Morash, J. R.
-                           Mosher, A. T.
-                           Mosher, W. A.
-                           Mulcahey, T. J.
-                           Murray, B.
-                           McAlpine, A. F.
-                           McCallum, H. M.
-                           McClafferty, J. K.
-                           McDonald, A. H.
-                           McDonald, D. A.
-                           McIntyre, J. A.
-                           McKenzie, H.
-                           McKenzie, K.
-                           McLaren, A. F.
-                           McLean, M. A.
-                           McLeod, H. H. D.
-                           McRobert, J. A. V.
-                           Neville, E. V.
-                           Newell, A. D.
-                           Newell, E. D.
-                           Nickerson, E. C.
-                           Noonan, P.
-                           O’Connell, J. F.
-                           O’Keefe, T. P.
-                           O’Toole, A. G.
-                           Page, E. H.
-                           Peers, R. H. C.
-                           Peters, W. H.
-                           Pickard, H. J.
-                           Pitman, M. R.
-                           Power, M. L.
-                           Poirier, W. P.
-                           Price, E.
-                           Prince, W. S.
-                           Rafuse, S. A.
-                           Redding, R. E.
-                           Rhind, C. E.
-                           Richardson, R. B.
-                           Ripley, L. W.
-                           Risser, W. A.
-                           Roche, G. E.
-                           Ross, C. S.
-                           Ross, J. K.
-                           Ryan, A. M.
-                           Scriven, J. A.
-                           Shaw, H. J.
-                           Shields, D. D.
-                           Smith, A. R.
-                           Smith, G. J.
-                           Snell, L. L.
-                           Spence, C. M. V.
-                           Spence, R. E.
-                           Stanley, F. A.
-                           Sterns, H. E.
-                           Stephens, A. E.
-                           Stewart, W. I.
-                           Strople, H. G. A.
-                           Stubbs, H. C.
-                           Stewart, D. J.
-                           Tanner, H. R.
-                           Troy, L. T.
-                           Tupper, M. L.
-                           Turnbull, G. A.
-                           Turnbull, G. V.
-                           West, C. F.
-                           Whidden, E. L.
-                           Wicks, W. E.
-                           White, G.
-                           Wickwire, L. H.
-                           Wilmot, A. J.
-                           Wallace, H.
-                           Wilson, J. L.
-                           Wilson, W. M.
-                           Winters, G. W.
-                           Withrow, C. A.
-                           Zinck, A. M.
-                           Zinck, H. A.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MRS. G. S. CAMPBELL.
-
-  One of Nova Scotia’s Leading Patriotic War Workers.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  MISS MARION DOULL, V.A.D., MISS MADELINE SCOTT, V.A.D., MISS EDITH
-    PIKE, V.A.D.
-
-  “The Three Shining Lights” of Pine Hill Military Convalescent
-    Hospital.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  NURSING SISTER MINNIE. FOLLETTE.
-
-  Drowned at sea, _Llandovery Castle_, June 27, 1918.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  NURSING SISTER PEARL FRASER.
-
-  Drowned at sea, _Llandovery Castle_. June 27, 1918.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  J. G. M‘DOUGALD. M.D., C.M., F.A.C.S.
-
-  Especially noted for his Surgical Work following the Great Explosion,
-    December 6, 1917.]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  SONS OF A. B. WISWELL, HALIFAX.]
-
-
-
-
-                              “Felt Dawn”
-
-
-                           By Stuart McCawley
-
-We were sitting on the beach at Mira. Just a lovely Cape Breton
-moonlight night. The youngsters were singing and telling yarns. One kid
-recited McCrae’s great poem, “In Flanders Fields,” and one of the boys
-who had been “over there” asked us if we knew what McCrae meant when he
-wrote the phrase, “Felt Dawn.” Nobody seemed to be entirely clear on the
-question, and we asked our friend, the veteran, to describe it for us.
-Here are his words:
-
-  A cold, drizzly rain that is eating through your khaki into your
-  very heart.
-
-  A sea of mud—black, slimy, sticky, stinking mud.
-
-  The duck boards floating in ooze.
-
-  Your feet wet and heavy, and your toes squichy.
-
-  Not a sound of any kind.
-
-  The nearest human ten yards away—just around “the bay.”
-
-  Darkness supreme. Not even an enemy flare.
-
-  You strain your eyes over the parapet to the barbwire.
-
-  Your battalion’s life depends on your keeping awake.
-
-  Oh, the strain! Oh, the funk that is trying to grip your very soul!
-
-  Would to God something would happen! This eternal watching is
-  fearful.
-
-  Then a rustle in the grass; a wave of movement first like the ripple
-  you hear when a stone is “skipped” on a quiet pond; then an extra
-  chill in the air: then a glow to the east—’Tis Dawn.
-
-  You let loose your “clip” and you fire like mad towards the Hun.
-  Other sentries fire, and the salvo to dawn gets the whole line.
-  Thousands of men all along the front start a strafe—a crazy, aimless
-  strafe—which lasts for only minutes. Then, as if some great unseen
-  General had whispered a command, men regain their “morale,” and the
-  rifle fire quietens, and dies away.
-
-  The sun struggles up.
-
-  A bird on a shattered stump whistles, “Coo, Coo.”
-
-  Your blood warms again. You have “felt dawn.” Another day has had
-  its birth. The rations will soon be up. Relief is coming. The war is
-  still on, and the bird has showed you that, after all, it is better
-  to smile than to worry.
-
-  God is still in command!
-
------
-
-Footnote 1:
-
-  Killed in action or died of wounds.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                             WE OPERATE THE
-
-                         Union Terminal Garage
-
-                Queen St., Opposite Kent, Halifax, N.S.
-
-
-Equipped with the most modern machinery, we are in a position to do all
-kinds of repair work, including reboring of cylinders and pressing on
-solid truck tires with a 200–ton hydraulic press
-
-                            DISTRIBUTORS FOR
-
-                   WHITE TRUCKS
-                   OLDSMOBILE 8–CYL. CARS
-                   OLDSMOBILE ECONOMY 3–4 TON TRUCKS
-                   CADILLAC CARS
-                   TROY TRAILERS
-
-
-                       UNION SUPPLY CO., LIMITED
-
-                   P.O. Box 184      Tel. Sack. 3477
-
-                       W. McL. Robertson, Manager
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                 Diamond         BIRKS     Goldsmiths
-                 Merchants         „       Silversmiths
-
-                            “HALIFAX HOUSE”
-
-
-      Fine Platinum Mounted Diamond Rings, Bar Pins, Necklets,
-      Articles in Sterling Silver and Silver Plate, Cabinets,
-      Silver Knives, Forks and Spoons, Cut Glass, Fine China,
-      Leather Goods, Stationery, Clocks, Bronzes, Fine Jewellery
-      Repairing and Remodelling. Watch and Clock Repairs.
-
-             Copper Plate, Steel Die and General Engravers
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _85th Battalion Buttons, 65c. each_]
-
-                               IN THE NEW
-                             BIRKS BUILDING
-
-                     493–495–497 Barrington Street
-
-                                HALIFAX
-                              NOVA SCOTIA
-
-                                                       _We specialize on
-                                                       Miniature Medals
-                                                       and Decorations
-                                                       of the Great War_
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                LUXURIES
-
-should be paid for, but at the prices we charge for
-
-                               Men’s Wear
-
-you can fit yourself out and be affected very little by Luxury Tax.
-
-                          Frank Colwell, Ltd.
-                               MEN’S WEAR
-
-                         415 BARRINGTON STREET
-
-                        Green Lantern Building.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             CAPE BRETON’S
-                           LEADING NEWSPAPER
-                                  THE
-                              Sydney Post
-
-                   Morning      Afternoon      Weekly
-
-  The various editions of the Post are read by upwards of 45,000 of
-  the biggest wage-earners in Canada.
-
-                        LEASED WIRE TO MONTREAL
-
-                            Post Publishing
-                            Company, Limited
-
-                          Sydney, Nova Scotia,
-                                 CANADA
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              Motor Sales
-                            Company, Limited
-
-                            DISTRIBUTORS OF
-
-                               STUDEBAKER
-                             and GRANT CARS
-
-                           F. W. D., Federal
-                          and Defiance Trucks
-
-                      HALIFAX—75–77 Granville St.
-
-                     DARTMOUTH BRANCH-Portland St.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                 JO-HO
-
-                            FRUIT SYRUPS
-                                  LIME JUICE
-                            EXTRACTS
-                              JELLY POWDERS
-
-                                  AND
-
-                            DIAMOND FLAVORS
-
-                              H. A. Zinck
-                            Company, Limited
-
-                            Dartmouth, N. S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-  Moirs
-    Floating
-      Fruits
-
-
-            Sunny cubes of California Peaches, Pears, Maraschino
-            Cherries and Prunes, coated with chocolate and swimming in
-            nectar.
-
-            Just one Chocolate treat out of more than a hundred made by
-
-
-                             Moirs Limited,
-
-                                Halifax
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                               AN ENGINE
-
-         that will give good service and has a neat appearance
-                  is what you get when you purchase an
-
-                         Atlantic Marine Motor
-
-                 We also manufacture a complete line of
-
-                   STOVES, RANGES, SHIP AND MILL WORK
-
-                 _Write us for information and prices_
-
-                     Lunenburg Foundry Co., Limited
-
-                       LUNENBURG      NOVA SCOTIA
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           THE MERCHANTS BANK
-                               OF CANADA
-
-             Capital Paid Up                    $7,000,000
-             Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits  7,574,043
-
-                        Branches from the
-                        Atlantic to the Pacific
-
-           Halifax Office: Corner Granville and Duke Streets
-
-                          R. G. SARE, Manager
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                Scotia
-                                Frozen
-                                Dainties
-
-The most delicious refreshment is a dish of Scotia Ice Cream—made in 30
-velvet smooth combinations of cream and fruit flavors.
-
-For dessert every week, for refreshment every day, for convalescents,
-for dances and dinners, there’s nothing so popular because nothing so
-pleasant as
-
-                               SCOTIA
-                               ICE CREAM
-
-                          Scotia Pure Milk Co.
-                                LIMITED
-
-                   615 Barrington St., Halifax, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             Sydney Foundry
-                            & Machine Works
-                                LIMITED
-
-                          Sydney, Cape Breton
-
-
-                                GENERAL
-                               ENGINEERS
-                                  AND
-                              CONTRACTORS
-
-                   Works: Pitt and Johnstone Streets
-                         Docks: North Esplanade
-
-                            MARINE REPAIRING
-                              A SPECIALTY
-
-                     Oxygen-Acetylene and Electric
-                          Cutting and Welding
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              North Sydney
-                                 Herald
-
-                            Established 1872
-
-
-                            OLDEST PAPER IN
-                              CAPE BRETON
-
-                         _THE “OLD HOME” PAPER_
-
-
-                            DAILY and WEEKLY
-
-
-                    The North Sydney Herald is sent
-                  to subscribers in nearly every post
-                     office in Cape Breton Island.
-
-                       Average sworn circulation
-                        of Weekly in 1919, 4,769
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                      J. W. Cumming & Son, Limited
-
-
-                             COAL DRILL and
-                             MINE CAR
-                             MANUFACTURERS
-
-
-                           New Glasgow, N.S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         Mason & Dean, Limited
-
-                    Wholesale Fruits, Vegetables
-                    Tobaccos, Cigars, Confectionery
-
-                             SYDNEY, N. S.
-
-                Cor. George and Falmouth      Box 570
-                Phones 749–760      Branch at Glace Bay
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         Sydney Motors, Limited
-
-                               Dealers in
-
-                         FORD CARS, DODGE CARS
-                         AND KELLY SPRINGFIELD
-                                 TRUCKS
-
-                    Cor. George and Townsend Streets
-
-                  Tel. 300 SYDNEY, N.S.  P.O. Box 399
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                A. ALLEN
-
-                       Wholesale Fruits, Produce,
-                                  Etc.
-
-                           NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             F. A. DEYOUNG
-
-                            Wholesale Fruits
-                           and Confectionery
-
-                      George Street, Sydney, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                   The McDONALDS did their bit in the
-                              war. So did
-
-                             Alex. McDonald
-
-The leading Tailor of North Sydney by furnishing the best Clothing to
-the boys.
-
-He is still on the job at the old stand in the McDONALD BLOCK, Corner
-Main St.
-
-                   NORTH SIDNEY, N.S.      Tel. 191.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            LeMOINE BROTHERS
-
-                    Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
-
-                        MEATS, FISH, GROCERIES,
-                      PROVISIONS, and all kinds of
-                            COUNTRY PRODUCE
-
-                          North Sydney - N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-  When in town make it a
-  point to visit
-
-                                BALAH’S
-                             VARIETY STORE
-
-                          North Sydney - N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-Compliments of
-
-                              W. H. CUZNER
-
-                             STRAND THEATRE
-
-                     Sydney Minis and North Sydney
-                              Cape Breton
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           H. G. HAGEN & CO.
-
-                                LIMITED
-
-                              PLUMBING AND
-                                HEATING
-
-                             Sydney, N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              Accessories
-                              Supplies
-                              Ford Parts
-                              Service
-
-                             THOMAS TOOMEY
-
-                      Dealer in Canadian Ford Cars
-
-                          FORD SERVICE STATION
-
-                          Sydney Mines, N. S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                    Dominion Iron and Steel Company
-
-                                                                 Limited
-
-                  HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS, SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                            Manufacturers of
-
-         PIG IRON, Basic and Foundry Grades,
-                       BASIC OPEN HEARTH STEEL,
-                                    BLOOMS, BILLETS and SLABS.
-
-         STEEL RAILS-All sections up to and
-                           including 100 lbs. per lineal yard.
-
-         STEEL BARS, ROUNDS, FLATS, SQUARES.;
-                         Reinforcement Bars, Plain or Twisted.
-
-         WIRE RODS-All qualities, in Gauges No. 5 to 21–32″.
-
-         WIRE-Plain, Annealed, Galvanized, Coiled Spring and
-             Barbed Fence.
-
-         WIRE NAILS-All standard and special patterns.
-
-         AMMONIUM SULPHATE.                    SULPHURIC ACID.
-
-         Benzol, Toluol, Solvent Naphtha. Bengas (Motor Fuel).
-
-                             SALES OFFICES:
-
-         Sydney, N.S.      112 St. James Street, Montreal, P.Q.
-
-                       SPECIFY DOMSTEEL PRODUCTS
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-                         Dominion Coal Company
-
-                                                                 Limited
-
-                         GLACE BAY, NOVA SCOTIA
-
-             19 Collieries—Output, 5,000,000 tons annually.
-
-           “Dominion” Coal-Screened, run of mine and slack.
-           “Springhill” Coal-Screened, run of mine and slack.
-
-          Collieries at Glace Bay, C.B., and Springhill, N.S.
-     Shipping Ports-Sydney and Louisburg, C.B., and Parrsboro, N.S.
-
-
-                     FOR PRICES AND TERMS APPLY TO
-
-                  ALEXANDER DICK, GENERAL SALES AGENT
-
-                     112 ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL
-
-or at the offices of the Company at 171 Lower Water Street, Halifax,
-N.S., and to the following agents: R. P. & W. F. Starr, St. John, N.B.;
-Buntain, Bell & Co., Charlottetown, P.E.I.; Hull, Blyth & Co., 1 Lloyds
-Ave., London, E.C.; Harvey & Co., St. John’s, Nfld.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                           McDougall & Cowans
-
-                    Members Montreal Stock Exchange
-
-                     HEAD OFFICE, MONTREAL, CANADA
-
-                            BRANCH OFFICES:
-
-                             TORONTO, ONT.
-                          34 King Street West
-
-                             ST. JOHN, N.B.
-                         38 Prince William St.
-
-                              OTTAWA, ONT.
-                          211 Union Bank Bldg.
-
-                              QUEBEC, QUE.
-                           116 Mountain Hill
-
-                             WINNIPEG, MAN.
-                            218 Portage Ave.
-
-                             HALIFAX, N.S.
-                             185 Hollis St.
-
-                             H. C. COUGHTRY
-                                Manager
-
-               PRIVATE WIRES TO ALL OFFICES AND NEW YORK
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         Irresistible Styles in
-
-                             READY-TO-WEAR
-                                APPAREL
-
-                     Are on Display at All Seasons
-                     in Our Extensive Ready-to-Wear
-                               Department
-
-              Ladies’ and Gents’ Wearing Apparel of every
-               description. See our stock before you buy
-                               elsewhere
-
-
-               All Mail Orders Receive Our Best Attention
-
-
-         We are expert Ladies’ and Gents’ Tailors and Furriers
-            Electric Passenger Elevators to All Departments
-
-                               MERCHANT’S
-                             Charlotte St.
-                                 SYDNEY
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             MAC’S LIMITED
-
-                       Real Estate and Insurance
-                                Brokers
-                         Railway and Steamship
-                             Ticket Agents
-
-
-                  Possessing unexcelled facilities for
-                   effecting all classes of Insurance
-                   in some of the strongest British,
-                         Canadian and American
-                               Companies
-
-
-                           Commercial Street
-                            Glace Bay, N.S.
-
-                            Charlotte Street
-                              Sydney, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              J. A. Marven
-                                LIMITED
-
-                   Halifax      Moncton      St. John
-
-                     Manufacturers of “WHITE LILY”
-                            BRAND BISCUITS.
-
-We mention here only a few of our regular lines:—
-
-                           Arrowroot
-                           Social Tea
-                           Fig Bars
-                           Coco Taffy
-                           Fancy Wine
-                           Hydrox
-                           Assorted Sandwich
-                           Marshmallow
-                           Graham Wafers
-                           Ginger Snaps
-                           Apricot Wafers
-                           Graham Sandwich
-
-                         Ask for and insist on
-
-                   Marven’s “White Lily” Cream Sodas
-
-               Sold in tins, boxes, packages and barrels
-
-                           NOVA SCOTIA BRANCH
-
-                     670 Barrington Street, Halifax
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          Petrie Manufacturing
-                              Co., Limited
-
-                             Manufacturers
-
-                            Aerated Waters
-
-                            Distilled Waters
-
-                            Mineral Waters
-
-                              SYDNEY - N.S
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              Isnor Bros.
-
-Stores where men like to come for their Clothing—Why?
-
-                            “Honest Values”
-                          (that’s the answer)
-
-                               MAIN STORE
-
-                          69 Gottingen Street
-
-                            Agricola Street
-                        (Cor. Bloomfield Street)
-
-                              Isnor Bros.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          This Store’s Policy
-
-To represent goods exactly as to their quality; to sell to those who
-know and to those who don’t know values at a uniform fair price; to
-fulfill all guarantees and cheerfully correct all mistakes: to deserve
-your confidence by always giving you satisfaction.
-
-                               G. T. MUNN
-
-                          Jeweler and Optician
-
-                          New Waterford - N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             JOHN McCORMICK
-
-                               Dealer in
-
-Dry Goods, Clothing, Carpets, Furniture, Men’s Furnishings, Crockery,
-Shoes, Groceries and Provisions
-
-                          SYDNEY MINES - N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                       CONTRACTORS      BUILDERS
-
-                          Chappell Bros. & Co.
-                                  Ltd.
-
-                           Brookland Street,
-
-                              SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                       LUMBERMEN      WOODWORKERS
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           McKinnon & Cameron
-
-                            Merchant Tailors
-
-                    344 Esplanade       Sydney, N.S,
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             BRENNAN & CO.
-
-                          WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
-                               MERCHANTS
-
-                  Groceries, Flour, Feeds and Produce
-
-                          North Sydney - N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              R. H. McLEAN
-
-                               Dealer in
-                    Confectionery, Fruits, Tobaccos,
-                              Cigars, Etc.
-
-                    Photo Studio in connection. Our
-                       enlargements are the best
-
-                          NEW WATERFORD - N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           Donald J. Buckley
-
-                             “The Druggist”
-
-                          Buckley’s Busy Bend
-
-                      Prince and Charlotte Streets
-
-                             SYDNEY - C.B.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         Eastern Jewellery Co.
-
-                    Phone 121      S. PORTE, Manager
-
-                         EVERYTHING UP TO DATE
-
-                     Green Block, Charlotte Street
-
-                             Sydney - N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            C. & G. MacLEOD
-
-                       Booksellers and Stationers
-
-                       Sydney and Glace Bay, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                        Have your home wired now
-
-Let us do the wiring in your home, and you will receive the best
-material and workmanship. Call us for estimates on your work; telephone
-number is 696.
-
-                              E. D. MURPHY
-
-                       Charlotte Street - Sydney
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                          Acadia Coal Company
-                                Limited
-
-                            Stellarton, N.S.
-
-                       Miners and Shippers of the
-                               Celebrated
-
-                              ACADIA COAL
-
-                     Unexcelled for Steam Purposes
-                        Popular for Domestic Use
-
-                 Manufacturing, Steamship, and Railway
-                  Companies give it high endorsements.
-
-
-              Shipments by water from Pictou Landing, N.S.
-
-             Shipments by rail, via Intercolonial Railway.
-
-                    For Prices and all Information,
-                        address General Offices:
-
-                            STELLARTON, N.S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                  Systematic Saving Made Pleasant and
-                               Profitable
-
-¶ Here is the plan under which many of our clients, setting aside sums
-as small as $10 monthly, have accumulated $5,000 and upwards with annual
-additions of more than $300 to their incomes.
-
-¶ You buy through us a security of recognized merit, yielding 6% or more
-for municipals, 7% or more for Corporation bonds.
-
-¶ You pay $10 a month for each $100 and are charged with 6% interest on
-unpaid balances but are credited immediately with the full interest on
-your investment, as paid.
-
-¶ As you proceed with your payments the difference of interest in your
-favor increases, adding to your income, and as time goes on the purchase
-of one security after another brings you nearer to independence
-
-                       Write for further details
-
-                         J. C. MACKINTOSH & CO.
-
-                    Members Montreal Stock Exchange
-
-                       207 HOLLIS STREET, HALIFAX
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                     Thompson & Sutherland Limited
-
-                              _Dealers in_
-
-                        SUPPLIES FOR CONTRACTORS
-                         PLUMBERS AND PAINTERS
-
-                    _Wholesale and Retail Stores at_
-
-                 NORTH SYDNEY, SYDNEY MINES, GLACE BAY
-                        NEW GLASGOW, STELLARTON
-                           WESTVILLE, SYDNEY
-
-                            7====STORES====7
-
-                           _The Hardware Men_
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            John R. Francis
-                                 & Son
-
-                         GENERAL HARDWARE STORE
-
-
-                               Dealers in
-
-                        General Shelf Hardware,
-                        Glass, Paints and Oils,
-                          Enameled and Tinware
-
-                                  also
-
-                        Undertakers and Licensed
-                               Embalmers
-
-                         Strict attention given
-                        to day and night calls.
-
-                    Phone connections day and night
-
-                      Main St., Sydney Mines, N.S.
-                             P. O. Box 486
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                        For the Veterans of the
-                            Great War—in all
-                            Branches of the
-                                Service
-
-                                THE BEST
-
-                  is none too good, every time and all
-                                the time
-
-                        in Halifax, for instance
-
-                                  The
-                             Halifax Hotel
-                             Hollis Street
-
-Which was the “Stamping Ground” for H. M. Overseas Forces passing
-through Halifax.
-
-Come in and see us again when you are in town.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              Returned Men
-
-can buy their outfitting most advantageously at this store.
-
-Crowell’s standard goods—complete from head to foot—will appeal to your
-good business judgment, on account of their reliable quality and their
-fair prices.
-
-We show you the way to better outfitting values.
-
-                            LET US SERVE YOU
-
-                             Crowell’s Ltd.
-
-                             Sydney, C. B.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             If you Shop at
-
-                                McArels
-
-                    you’ll get value for your money
-
-Stylish Dress Goods and Silks, Dress Trimmings, Gloves, Hosiery, House
-Furnishings and Furniture, Men’s and Boys’ Furnishings, Good Footwear.
-We carry an up-to-date stock to fit all. Choice Groceries.
-
-                          All at lowest prices
-
-                              McArel Bros.
-
-                            Glace Bay, N.S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           Francis Book Store
-
-Newspapers, Magazines and Latest Books, School Supplies—Wall Papers,
-Etc. Stationery—the very best
-
-                             W. J. Francis
-
-                           SYDNEY MINES, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                 When in North Sydney do not forget to
-                                 visit
-
-                              THE TOGGERY
-
-                             H. E. WHITMAN
-
-                        “_The House of Quality_”
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                        Drawer 814      Tel. 193
-
-                                  The
-                       Home Bottling Company Ltd.
-
-                            Manufacturers of
-                           High Grade Aerated
-                                 Waters
-
-                           Wholesale Dealers
-                             in Cigarettes,
-                              Cigars, etc.
-
-                The up-to-date Bottling Plant of Eastern
-                              Nova Scotia
-
-                        D. R. Mancini, President
-
-                    Main St. - - North Sydney, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                        R. H. DAVIS & CO., LTD.
-
-Wholesale and Manufacturing Stationers Branch Warehouse and Office, 542
-George St., Sydney, N.S. Head Office and Plant, Yarmouth, N. S.
-
-Scholars, ask your retailers for Davis’ 10c. series of Exercise Books
-and Davis’ Writing Tablets. The best values on the market; made in Nova
-Scotia from “Made in Canada” raw material.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           McKenzie & Company
-
-                        Norman McKenzie, Manager
-
-                   Heavy and Shelf Hardware, Stoves,
-                      Ranges, Kitchen Furnishings,
-                          Plumbing and Repairs
-
-                    Masonic Block—Commercial Street
-                      P.O. Box 784 - Telephone 167
-
-                            GLACE BAY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            HOUSE OF QUALITY
-
-                          J. M. MacLEAN, Prop.
-
-                           High Class Tailors
-                           Gent’s Furnishings
-                            Boots and Shoes
-
-                          NEW WATERFORD, C.B.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         Manchester Meat Market
-
-                          Harry Samuels, Prop.
-
-                             SAUSAGE MAKERS
-                            - BACON CURERS -
-                           PROVISION DEALERS
-
-                     Main Street - Glace Bay, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                      “In the Health of the People
-                     Lies the Wealth of the Nation”
-
-                           Angus A. Macdonald
-
-                                DRUGGIST
-
-                           “The Medical Hall”
-
-                          NEW WATERFORD, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            THOS. L. BOLDON
-
-                       JEWELER      DR. OF OPTICS
-
-                       Remember we specialize in
-                       Complicated Prescriptions
-
-                             Plummer Avenue
-
-                             NEW WATERFORD
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         SYDNEY MILLING COMPANY
-
-                                Limited
-
-                              J. W. Smith,
-                               President
-
-                            A. J. Morrison,
-                               Secretary
-
-                      MILLERS and MILLERS’ AGENTS
-
-                   Wholesale Flour, Feeds, Oats, Etc.
-
-                       Phone 18      SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                           CANADA FOOD BOARD.
-
-                   License Nos. 12–79, 6–797, 9–8829
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                           C. E. Choat & Co.
-
-                           _GROCERY BROKERS_
-
-
-                       CONFECTIONERY A SPECIALTY
-
-
-                              _Agents for_
-
-                        Sussex Dry Ginger Ale
-                        Weston’s Biscuits
-                        Pascall’s English Sweets
-
-                       Pickford and Black’s Wharf
-
-                             HALIFAX, N.S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                         C. W. ENGINEERING CO.
-
-                       _ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS_
-
-                 _We specialize on Commercial Fireproof
-                  Structures, Design and Construction_
-
-                    Also Reinforced Concrete Bridges
-
-The present high prices on lumber and allied products have created
-conditions under which a fireproof building will cost no more and in
-certain instances less than a so-called brick or concrete building.
-
-                          CONSULTATION IS FREE
-
-                         _Room 1—Post Building_
-
-                   _Telephone 761       SYDNEY, N.S._
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                          LUMBER OF ALL KINDS
-
-
-                            Brookfield Bros.
-
-                                LIMITED
-
-                             Halifax, N.S.
-
-
-                     BUILDING MATERIAL OF ALL KINDS
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             Willis Pianos
-
-                                     { TONE
-                       Prefect as to { TOUCH
-                                     { DURABILITY
-
-An instrument with these essential qualities that distinguish it as an
-ideal piano for the home.
-
-Prices as low as consistent with quality—Convenient terms.
-
-                          Willis Piano & Organ
-                                Company
-
-                          50 Granville Street
-
-                             Halifax, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                   P. O. Box 690      Telephones 233
-                                                 234
-
-We always carry complete stocks for General Groceries, Flour and Feeds.
-
-We Specialize in Drug Sundries and Stationery.
-
-                         Cape Breton Wholesale
-                          Grocery Co. Limited
-
-                        Cornet George, Townsend
-                          and Bentinck Streets
-
-                              SYDNEY, N.B.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              J. C. Larder
-
-
-                            WHOLESALE FRUITS
-
-
-                          SYDNEY - NOVA SCOTIA
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            Hillis and Sons
-                                Limited
-
-
-                                 STOVES
-                                  AND
-                                 RANGES
-
-
-                                HALIFAX
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                   Ashby Corner Grocer.      Phone 81
-
-                             JAMES A. CLARK
-
-                     Groceries, Provisions, Fruits
-                      Confectionery, Crockery and
-                            Tinware, Bakery.
-
-                                 Sydney
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           GEO. E. BOAK & SON
-                                LIMITED
-
-                          Wholesale and Retail
-                              Coal Dealers
-
-                           HALIFAX - - N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           F. W. BISHOP & CO.
-
-                              Exclusively
-                               Fine Shoes
-
-                           SYDNEY & GLACE BAY
-
-                              NOVA SCOTIA
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              C. P. MOORE
-                                LIMITED
-
-                           :::: HARDWARE ::::
-
-                            Paints and Glass
-
-                          Automobile Supplies
-
-                             :::: o o ::::
-
-                        SYDNEY      Nova Scotia
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            WRIGHT’S LIMITED
-
-                            HOME FURNISHERS
-
-                              Importers of
-
-                               FURNITURE
-                              and CARPETS
-
-                      Warerooms: CHARLOTTE STREET
-
-                          SYDNEY - Nova Scotia
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-The Cape Breton boys, who beat the “Bosche” now wear
-
-                             Fashion Craft
-
-                        CORBETT & MACKENZIE CO.
-                                LIMITED
-
-                          Opposite Y. M. C. A.
-
-                    SYDNEY      -      -      N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            ANDREW H. RUDOLF
-
-                         Dry Goods, Millinery,
-                         Ladies Ready-to-Wear,
-                        Garments, Carpets, Etc.
-
-                      LUNENBURG    - - -    N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           Hudson & McEachen
-
-                 “The Big Store with the Small Prices”
-
-                      Groceries, Meats, Provisions
-
-  SPECIALTIES—Fresh and Salt Fish, Butter, Eggs. Etc.
-
-  GASOLINE TANK—Capacity 500 gallons. Get your Supply from us.
-
-                             TELEPHONE 350
-
-                Corner Victoria Road and Prince Street.
-
-                                 SYDNEY
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             Compliments of
-
-                               A. H. MUNN
-
-                        JEWELER and SILVERSMITH
-
-                           Repairing of Fine
-                          Watches a Specialty
-
-                      Bishop Block, Charlotte St.
-
-                             SYDNEY. N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-Our Part is the Great Work of helping to supply the demand for
-Chinaware, Glassware, Earthenware, Enamelware, Tinware and
-Aluminum-ware, and Toys and Fancy Goods
-
-We can meet your requirements.
-
-Our Stock is complete and prices will stand comparison
-
-                             EVANS & YOUNG
-
-                 83 Gottingen St.      Phone Lorne 221
-
-                             HALIFAX, N. S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                             Cable Address:
-                                Halship
-
-                   Direct Telegraphic Communication:
-                 Western Union and Great North Western
-
-                       HALIFAX SHIPYARDS LIMITED
-
-                            HALIFAX - CANADA
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                      SHIPBUILDERS, ENGINEERS AND
-                             SHIP REPAIRERS
-
-       Builders of Passenger and Cargo Vessels up to 15,000 tons.
-
-   Drydock—Halifax, N.S.              Marine Slips—Dartmouth N.S.
-   Dimensions—550 ft. long.
-               100 ft. wide            4 Cradles—Capacity up to 3,000
-                30 ft. depth on sill.             tons.
-
-   NOTE-Four ships are now on the way being built for the Canadian
-    Merchant Marine.—2 of 8,100 tons D.W. and
-                      2 of 10,500       „
-
-30 per cent. of the men now employed on new ship construction have
-served their country during the late war. These men are now assisting in
-rounding out Canada’s National Policy, by building ships which will
-carry Canadian exports to all parts of the world.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                        Cable Address: “NATFISH”
-
-                           License No. 1–036
-
-                            ARTHUR BOUTILIER
-
-                     President and General Manager
-
-                           National Fish Co.
-                                LIMITED
-
-                             Wholesale Fish
-                               Merchants
-
-                             P. O. BOX 1104
-                             HALIFAX - N.S.
-
-                      Owners of the Steam Trawlers
-                        “Lemberg” and “Venosta”
-
-                               Branch at
-
-                    Port Hawkesbury      -      N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                Established 1863      Incorporated 1901
-
-                          Christie Trunk & Bag
-                              Co., Limited
-
-                            Manufacturers of
-
-                           TRUNKS, TRAVELLING
-                          BAGS AND SUIT CASES
-
-                        Sample Trunks and Cases
-                              a Specialty
-
-                       Amherst, N.S.      Canada
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                  The
-                            FRANK A. GILLIS
-                            Company, Limited
-
-                        Contractors’ Supplies of
-                            All Descriptions
-
-                          Fireproof Materials
-                              a Specialty
-
-                                Office:
-
-                              PICKFORD and
-                             BLACK’S WHARF
-
-                        HALIFAX      -      N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                               SCRIVEN’S
-                                 BREAD
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               IT IS THE
-                                  BEST
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                 MILES’
-
-                        Sydney’s Leading Grocery
-
-                  The largest variety at right prices
-
-                Fresh fruits and vegetables a specialty
-
-                          251 Charlotte Street
-
-                            Phones 90 and 91
-
-                         FREE, PROMPT DELIVERY
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          The Eternal Question
-
-                                   ?
-
-It will be simple work to choose an exquisite Engagement Ring for the
-best girl in the world if you look over Ross’s line. Show your good
-taste in ring as well as girl. Please her.
-
-                               A. M. ROSS
-
-                             Jeweller, etc.
-
-                           NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             ROSS & McVICAR
-                                LIMITED
-
-                          Wholesale Dealers in
-
-                          Flour and Feed, etc.
-
-                          Corner Townsend and
-                            Douglas Streets
-
-                              SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            City Meat Market
-
-                           Dorchester Street
-                              SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                        Dealers in all kinds of
-
-                     Fresh and Cured Meats, Poultry
-                      in season; also, a full line
-                             of Vegetables
-
-               Opp. Post Office.      B. W. Pearce, Mgr.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           Glace Bay Cycle &
-                            Motor Co., Ltd.
-
-                    Ford Dealers and Service Station
-
-                    Garage Sales Rooms and Workshops
-
-                              Main Street
-
-                            GLACE BAY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         G. A. Coleman, D.V.S.
-
-                     (Graduate Toronto University)
-
-                           Veterinary Surgeon
-
-                              North Sydney
-
-                              Nova Scotia
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         The Store That Treats
-                               You Right
-
-                             FADER’S MARKET
-
-                  Choice Groceries, Fruits and Produce
-
-                Beef, Lamb, Pork, Veal, Game and Poultry
-
-                     112 Gottingen Street, HALIFAX
-
-                       George W . Fader, Manager
-
-                               Lorne 994
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                 RICE’S
-
-                       The Exclusive Ladies’ and
-                         Children’s Wear Store
-
-                     “When in doubt buy at Rice’s”
-
-                           Commercial Street
-                           NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             When in Sydney
-                             Buy Your Drugs
-                                  from
-
-                                 MANSON
-
-                             “The Reliable
-                               Druggist”
-
-                 “If you get it at Manson’s it’s good”
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              FRIED BROS.
-
-                          Commission Merchants
-
-                              Real Estate
-
-                           Scrap Metals, etc.
-
-                      P.O. Box 45      Phone 102–2
-
-                            GLACE BAY, N.S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                               WHITE STAR
-                             DOMINION LINE
-
-          Regular Sailings HALIFAX-LIVERPOOL in Winter
-                           MONTREAL-QUEBEC-LIVERPOOL in Summer
-
-[Illustration]
-
-  Ex-members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force will find the steamers
-    of this Line old friends
-
-  For sailing dates and rates apply
-
-                          A. G. JONES AND CO.
-
-                             HALIFAX, N.S.
-
-               General Agents for Nova Scotia and P.E.I.
-                           or to Local Agents
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-                      P.O. Box 119      Phone 1418
-
-                   General Engineers and Contractors
-
-                    KING’S ROAD, SYDNEY, CAPE BRETON
-
-  STRUCTURAL STEEL—Bridges, Frames and Fire Escapes, Fabricated and
-    Erected
-
-  BOILER REPAIRS—Patching, Re-tubing and General Repairs by Expert Men
-
-  EXCAVATION (By Steam Shovel) Cellar, Sewer and Water Trench Excavating
-
-  PUMPING—Centrifugal Pump for Cellar, Trench and Ship Work
-
-  MARINE WORK—Floating Plant, Electric and Oxy-Acetylene Welding and
-    Cutting, Re-tubing, Pumping, and General Repairs
-
-  SHOP WORK—Machine Work, Forging and General Repairs
-
-We are situated with ideal transportation arrangements, having side
-tracks and water shipping points. Good attention on outside jobs.
-
-                  “The Rotary High Speed Steam Engine”
-
-                       BURNS CRUDE OIL, KEROSENE
-
-                                USED IN
-
-                           Automobiles, Auto
-                Trucks, Factories      and Machine Shops
-
-                         Steamers, Motor Boats
-                           and Machine Shops
-
-                  “SIMPLICITY IS ITS GREATEST FEATURE”
-
-           Canada’s Sole Manufacturers      Send for Booklet
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-ASK THE MEN who wore “Kelly-Halifax” made Leggings, S. B. Belts, Kit
-Bags, Purses, Money Belts, or other Military Equipment, or who travelled
-with “Kelly” Luggage, and you’ll understand why “Kelly-Halifax” on
-Leather Goods is all the guarantee required by those who know
-
-                          PRICES ARE MODERATE
-
-           KELLYS LIMITED, 116–118 Granville Street, HALIFAX
-
-                             MANUFACTURERS
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                         CAPE BRETON’S LARGEST
-                           DEPARTMENTAL STORE
-
-                            Vooght Brothers
-
-                              North Sydney
-                              Nova Scotia
-
-IMPORTERS and EXPORTERS
-
-Daily importations from Europe of Dress Goods, Tapestries and Ladies’
-Wear.
-
-BOOT DEPARTMENT
-
-Contains the largest assortment of High Class Footwear and at most
-reasonable prices.
-
-GROCERY DEPARTMENT
-
-Carries a full and complete range of the best that money can
-buy—efficiency being our watchword.
-
-                            Vooght Brothers
-
-               North Sydney’s Old Business Establishment
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                  THE
-                                 Queen
-                                 Hotel
-
-                             HALIFAX, N.S.
-
-                           WM. MOMBOURQUETTE
-                                Manager
-
-A Modern Hotel operated for your comfort and safety and favorably
-located in the heart of interesting things—shops, parks, theatres,
-churches, forts, navy yard and historical points.
-
-                         Accommodation for 300
-                                 Guests
-
-                             AMERICAN PLAN
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-[Illustration: Tom McCartney _Billiards and Pool_]
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              WELL SET UP
-
-are the men whose clothes we tailor. The fit of the shoulders is one of
-the strong points of our tailoring. Our work attracts attention for the
-elegant lines we give to this part of the Garment.
-
-                         THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
-
-tailor made and ready made garments is one of cut and finish. Not stock
-patterns, but individual lines are used and the garment fits the wearer
-and not clothiers’ models.
-
-                            J. L. MacKINNON,
-
-                       FOWNES BLOCK, MAIN STREET,
-                           SYDNEY MINES, N.S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                     Established 1889      Phone 81
-
-                              SYDNEY MINES
-                             BOTTLING WORKS
-
-                        A. R. MacDOUGALL, Prop.
-
-                Wholesale Manufacturers and Bottlers of
-
-                     The Celebrated Red Seal Brand
-                             Aerated Waters
-
-                  P.O. Box 149      Factory—Clyde Ave.
-
-                          SYDNEY MINES, N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-E. G. HIGGINSON, Prop.
-
-                             LEARMENT HOTEL
-
-                        OPPOSITE C.N.R. STATION
-
-                     TRURO      -      NOVA SCOTIA
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             THE MAYFLOWER
-                              BOTTLING CO.
-                                LIMITED
-
-                  Manufacturers of the Finest Class of
-                           AERATED BEVERAGES
-
-                    SYDNEY      -      -      N. S.
-
-                             Telephone 399
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                               Telephone
-                               Lorne 40
-
-                               Estimates
-                               Furnished
-
-                              W. F. SPRUIN
-
-                              ELECTRICIAN
-
-                   Cor. Cornwallis and Gottingen Sts.
-
-                             HALIFAX, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            Wood & McConnell
-
-                                LIMITED
-
-                           Wholesale Grocers
-
-                    Telephone 541      P.O. Box 159
-
-                             SYDNEY, N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                                 Go to
-
-                            ISAAC GREENWELL
-
-                          For STOVES, RANGES,
-                          REPAIRS FOR SAME AND
-                          KITCHEN FURNISHINGS
-
-                   329 Charlotte Street, Sydney, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-The old reliable SINGER stands the test as our Veteran Boys stood the
-test in France. When buying a Sewing Machine get the SINGER and you will
-not be disappointed. Sold on easy terms. Big discounts for Cash.
-
-                       Singer Sewing Machine Co.
-
-                  346 Charlotte St.      SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            John B. Morrison
-
-                           FASHIONABLE TAILOR
-
-                          403 Charlotte Street
-
-                              SYDNEY. N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          For Satisfaction in
-                     Men’s and Boys’ Outfitting try
-
-[Illustration: _Fanjoy’s_ GOOD CLOTHING]
-
-                338–340 Charlotte St.      SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-Royal Household (Spring Wheat) Flour.
-
-Canada’s Best (blended) Flour.
-
-All lines Cereals, Feeds. Grains.
-
-Lipton’s Teas, Coffee, Cocoa, Jelly Powders, etc.
-
-                             WHOLESALE ONLY
-
-                       Ingraham Supply Co., Ltd.
-
-                              SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-IF you had a building which brought in to you $5,000 a year, would you
-have it sufficiently insured?
-
-YOU are a valuable property, producing thousands of dollars a year and
-that revenue will cease at your death. Are you sufficiently insured?
-
-               _How long should a man support his wife?_
-
-Some men say “As long as he lives.”
-
-Most men will say “As long as she lives.”
-
-That support can be made sure by Income Policies of the Mutual Life.
-
-                            J. LESLIE McDUFF
-
-                        Manager for Nova Scotia
-
-                     191 HOLLIS ST., HALIFAX, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              KIRK & TOREY
-
-                          A good place to buy
-
-                          LADIES’ SUITS, COATS
-                      FURS, WAISTS and WATERPROOF
-                                 COATS
-
-                              KIRK & TOREY
-
-                         No better Shop to buy
-
-                        VOILES, PLAIN and FANCY,
-                          GEORGETTE CREPE and
-                        CREPE DE CHENE, GLOVES,
-                           HOSIERY, CORSETS,
-                          DRESS GOODS, SILKS,
-                           LINENS and COTTONS
-
-                 Everything required from an up-to-date
-                            Dry Goods House.
-
-                              KIRK & TOREY
-
-                                 SYDNEY
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                            27 Men Enlisted
-
-                           2 Paid the Supreme
-                               Sacrifice
-
-Let us who remain perpetuate their memory, not by blare of horns and
-roll of drums, but by such service to our fellow men that such a
-catastrophe cannot again occur.
-
-                          Cape Breton Electric
-                            Company Limited
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                               Your Meals
-                                  AND
-                                Lunches
-
-                             ICE CREAMS and
-                                 DRINKS
-
-are prepared and served with utmost care.
-
-Everybody visits “The Green Lantern” when visiting Halifax.
-
-                           The Green Lantern
-
-                         “EVERYTHING THE BEST”
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                             JOHN J. GRANT
-
-                           Building Material
-
-                         Opposite C.N.R. Depot
-
-                    NEW GLASGOW. N.S.      Tel. 170
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          THE HOUSE OF QUALITY
-
-                          F. C. Bezanson & Co.
-
-                           DIAMOND MERCHANTS
-
-                        Jewellers and Opticians
-
-                    SYDNEY      -      -      N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                   All our drinks are made from pure
-                    cane sugar and the best extracts
-                          that money can buy.
-
-                              McAllister’s
-
-                          Mineral Water Works
-
-                        SYDNEY      -      C.B.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                     The Enormous Price of Clothes
-
-                    That is the question answered by
-
-                          THE ENGLISH & SCOTCH
-                            WOOLLEN COMPANY
-
-                 who are making suits and overcoats to
-                measure, prices ranging from $17 to $45.
-
-                             GRANITE BLOCK
-
-                   Charlotte St., Sydney, Nova Scotia
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              The firm of
-
-                             FRASER & HOYT
-
-                  Maritime Building, New Glasgow, N.S.
-
-do a live and up-to-date Real Estate business. If you contemplate
-purchasing a farm, business site or private dwelling house in Nova
-Scotia’s industrial centre get in touch with this firm and be assured of
-prompt and courteous treatment.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-BEING VETERANS OURSELVES we pay particular attention to the requirements
-of RETURNED MEN.
-
-                               INGRAHAMS
-
-                            Men’s Outfitters
-
-                     NORTH SYDNEY      -      N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           John Midgley & Co.
-
-                       Real Estate of all Classes
-
-                        Life and Fire Insurance
-
-                        SYDNEY      -      N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           Colin McNab & Co.
-
-                     Dealers In Groceries and Fruit
-
-               Everything stored and handled by sanitary
-                                methods
-
-                   We give High Quality, Low Prices,
-                            Prompt Delivery.
-
-                We solicit your orders. Phone Harbour 41
-
-                       Portland Street, Dartmouth
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           The Beautiful Bras
-                               d’Or Lakes
-
-Who has not heard of the most picturesque beauty spot in all America the
-famous Lakes of Bras d’Or?
-
-The Bras d’Or Steamboat Co. run from North Sydney, Nova Scotia, a
-palatial steamer, the “Marion,” touching at intermediate points, with
-Dudley Warner’s historical Baddeck the terminal point, close by Graham
-Bell’s laboratory.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                    WHETHER ABSENT IN FARAWAY LANDS
-
-or silent in death’s embrace, or enjoying health in the happy family
-circle.
-
-                        A PICTURE OF HIM OR HER
-
-is always a sweet solace to someone, be it parent, wife, son or daughter
-or sweetheart
-
-                             W. J. DOOLEY,
-                        is NORTH SYDNEY’S (N.S.)
-                         PREMIER PICTURE FRAMER
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                    Robb Engineering Works, Limited
-
-                      AMHERST, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA
-
-
-                            Manufacturers of
-
-                  HIGH GRADE ENGINE BOILERS, SAW MILL
-                         MACHINERY AND TRACTORS
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          MACKAY ELECTRIC CO.
-
-                            ESTABLISHED 1901
-
-                             SYDNEY - N. S.
-
-We carry a full line of Electrical Supplies and shall be glad to quote
-on electric work of any kind in Cape Breton or Nova Scotia.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           OAK HALL, LIMITED
-
-                       The House of Good Clothing
-
-                Headquarters for high-grade Clothing and
-                     Furnishings for Men and Boys.
-
-                                                   SYDNEY
-                                                     G. M. BOYD, Manager
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           The Sydney Record
-
-carries daily all the world news in addition to all the Cape Breton news
-besides several feature pages not published in any other paper.
-
-                        Write us for Sample Copy
-
-                     Record Publishing Co., Limited
-
-                       Box 360      Sydney, C. B.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-Phone L. 1506
-
-                              F. W. Maling
-
-                         Electrical Contractor
-
-                    180 Gottingen St., Halifax, N.S.
-
-                     Wiring and Supplies, Motor and
-                     Generator Repairs a Specialty
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          FRANK A. BILL & SON
-
-                                HARDWARE
-
-                  Paints, Oils and Varnishes, Sporting
-              Goods, Electrical Supplies and Flashlights.
-                     Automobile and Bicycle Tires.
-
-                          North Sydney, N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                        The Store Where Quality
-                             Proves Itself
-
-                        Sydney Mines Drug Store
-
-                             “Rexall” Store
-
-                     SYDNEY MINES      -      N. S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                           H. C. Ballum & Co.
-
-                           Wholesale Produce
-                                  and
-                          Commission Merchants
-
-                              SYDNEY, N.S.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                              BRITON HOTEL
-
-                      ARCHIBALD AVE., NORTH SYDNEY
-
-The most up-to-date hotel in North Sydney. Open all day and all night. A
-first-class grill service in connection. The rooms are the best in Cape
-Breton and all newly furnished and renovated. Meals served at any hour
-of the day or night. Afternoon tea and cake can be had every afternoon
-in the tea room. Hotel is very centrally located and has every home
-comfort for the tourist and traveller. V. E. SNOWDON, Proprietor.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-                          L. Nicholson Limited
-
-                      Ladies’ and Men’s Tailoring
-
-                         Men’s Furnishings and
-                         Ready-to-Wear Clothing
-
-                      GLACE BAY      -      N. S.
-
-
-
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-Transcriber’s note:
-
- 1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
-
- 2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
-
- 3. The footnote was moved to the end of the last chapter.
-
- 4. The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the
-    public domain.
-
-
-
-***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOVA SCOTIA'S PART IN THE GREAT
-WAR***
-
-
-******* This file should be named 64101-0.txt or 64101-0.zip *******
-
-
-This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
-http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/4/1/0/64101
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-<h1 class="pgx" title="">The Project Gutenberg eBook, Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War, by
-Various, Edited by M. S. Hunt</h1>
-<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
-and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
-restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
-under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
-eBook or online at <a
-href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you are not
-located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this ebook.</p>
-<p>Title: Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War</p>
-<p>Author: Various</p>
-<p>Editor: M. S. Hunt</p>
-<p>Release Date: December 22, 2020  [eBook #64101]</p>
-<p>Language: English</p>
-<p>Character set encoding: UTF-8</p>
-<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOVA SCOTIA'S PART IN THE GREAT WAR***</p>
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<h4 class="pgx" title="">E-text prepared by Richard Tonsing<br />
-    and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
-    (https://www.pgdp.net)<br />
-    from page images generously made available by<br />
-    Internet Archive<br />
-    (https://archive.org)</h4>
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10">
-  <tr>
-    <td valign="top">
-      Note:
-    </td>
-    <td>
-      Images of the original pages are available through
-      Internet Archive. See
-      https://archive.org/details/novascotia00huntuoft
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<hr class="pgx" />
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_i'>i</span>
-<img src='images/i_i.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p><span class='sc'>Arms granted to the colony of nova scotia</span><br />BY KING CHARLES I</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_iv'>iv</span>
-<img src='images/i_iv.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>HIS HONOUR THE HONOURABLE McCALLUM GRANT, LL.D.<br /><br />Lieut.-Governor of Nova Scotia.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_v'>v</span></div>
-<div class='titlepage'>
-
-<div class='dbox'>
-
-<div>
-  <h1 class='c001'>NOVA SCOTIA’S PART IN THE GREAT WAR</h1>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>COMPILED AND EDITED</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='small'>BY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>M. S. HUNT</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='small'>(Captain R.O.)</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>ILLUSTRATED FROM HALF-TONES</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='small'>HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA:</span></div>
-    <div>THE NOVA SCOTIA VETERAN PUBLISHING CO., LIMITED</div>
-    <div>1920</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='small'>All Rights Reserved</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_vi'>vi</span><span class='small'>Copyright, Canada, 1920, by</span></div>
-    <div><span class='small'>M. S. Hunt.</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_vii'>vii</span>To</div>
-    <div class='c003'>The Immortal Memory</div>
-    <div class='c003'>of</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Our Fallen Comrades</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_ix'>ix</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>PREFACE</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Two years have passed since the last gun was fired in the
-Great War on the Western Front and hitherto no attempt
-has been made to place before the people of Nova Scotia a
-comprehensive history of the various Military Units and Patriotic
-Organizations which won for the Province imperishable fame.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Anyone who makes an impartial investigation of Nova Scotia’s
-response to the call of duty will concede that the sturdy little
-Province by the sea achieved an enviable record. In some respects
-it surpassed the other Provinces of the Dominion in promoting the
-successful conclusion of the great conflict—not only by the number
-of splendid troops it supplied in proportion to its population, both
-for Overseas and Home Service, but also because it had in its
-capital city, Halifax, the Naval Base of the British Empire on the
-Atlantic Coast, and from its spacious harbor sent many hundreds
-of ships Overseas laden with Canadian and Allied troops and
-received them after the Armistice when they were employed in
-returning the victors to their homes. From Nova Scotia ports,
-chiefly Halifax and Sydney, were also shipped munitions, supplies
-and equipment required by the Army in the field. The appreciation
-of the troops and their dependants on their return from Overseas
-of the welcome given them by the representatives of the citizens of
-Halifax, and the comforts and kindnesses bestowed upon them, has
-been attested by many grateful letters received from homes scattered
-over the North American continent. The patriotic work of
-the Nova Scotia Branch of the Red Cross Society, with its country
-auxiliaries, was magnificent. All other patriotic societies and
-organizations gave equally valuable service. In fact, Nova Scotia
-played a role in the conduct of the war which will redound to her
-glory for all time. May the same sense of unity and spirit of self-devotion,
-which characterized her people during the war, be retained
-undiminished and be used wisely in time of peace.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In giving a review of each of the Military Units which were
-mobilized or organized in Nova Scotia for service in the Great War,
-narrative has been adhered to as far as possible. Official war
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_x'>x</span>records were consulted in so far as they were available, but a
-great deal of information had to be gathered from personal war
-diaries and interviews. The book contains as complete a history
-of Nova Scotia’s part in the Great War as could be compressed
-into a single handy library volume. And it has several unique
-features. It contains many engraved portraits of Nova Scotian
-officers who made the supreme sacrifice, of officers commanding
-Units, leaders of patriotic organizations, and groups of special
-persons and events, and a reproduction of the authentic Nova
-Scotia Coat of Arms, granted by Charles I—all of which will be of
-great interest to readers of this history.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Before closing this preface special recognition should be made
-of J. D. Logan, M.A. (Dalhousie Univ.), Ph.D. (Harvard Univ.),
-formerly Sergeant in the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders,
-for his patient, keen, and thorough reading of the entire manuscript,
-with important alterations and corrections.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>I am also deeply indebted to Major J. G. Johnstone, R.O., for
-his indefatigable assistance in the compilation of this volume.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>For information and assistance my thanks are also due to:
-Colonel W. E. Thompson, Colonel Thos. Cantley, Lt.-Col. S. G.
-Robertson, C.B.E., Lt.-Col. H. Flowers, Lt.-Col. Joseph Hayes,
-D.S.O., Lt.-Col. D. H. Sutherland, Lt.-Col. R. B. Simmons, Lt.-Col.
-A. W. Duffus, Lt.-Col. T. M. Seeley, Lt.-Col. J. L. McKinnon,
-Lt.-Col. E. C. Dean, Major C. E. McLaughlin, Major G. B. Cutten,
-Acadia Univ., Major A. A. Sturley, Univ. of King’s College, Major
-J. F. Taylor, Major M. D. McKeigan, Major W. G. McRae, Major
-D. A. McKinnon, D.S.O., Major P. O. Soulis, Capt. G. C.
-McElhinney, M.C., Capt. Angus L. McDonald, Hon. Capt. Clarence
-McKinnon, Capt. B. M. Beckwith, Capt. F. G. Kingdon, Capt. G. T.
-Shaw, Lieut. W. H. Whidden, Dr. H. P. McPherson, St. Francis
-Xavier University, Professor Fraser Harris, Medical School, Dalhousie
-University, Principal F. H. Sexton, Nova Scotia Technical
-College, Mr. A. A. Campbell, Mr. F. A. Crowell, Mr. McI. Miller,
-Mr. Stuart McCawley, Mr. Wilfred Hearn, Mr. J. McL. Fraser,
-Mr. J. A. Walker.</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-r'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>M. S. Hunt</span>,</div>
-      <div class='line in6'>Capt. R.O.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-l'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Halifax, N.S.</span></div>
-      <div class='line in4'><span class='sc'>Armistice Day, 1920.</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_xi'>xi</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CONTENTS</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0' summary='CONTENTS'>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c008'></th>
-    <th class='c009'>&nbsp;</th>
-    <th class='c010'><span class='small'>PAGE</span></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Nova Scotia’s Coat of Arms</span> (Granted by Charles I)</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_i'>i</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Portrait</span> of His Honour the Honourable McCallum Grant, LL.D., Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_iv'>iv</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Dedication</span></td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_vii'>vii</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Preface</span></td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_ix'>ix</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Portrait</span> of Sir Robert Borden, Premier of Canada, during the War</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_xiii'>xiii</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Portrait</span> of the Honourable George Henry Murray, Premier of Nova Scotia</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_xvi'>xvi</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c008'><span class='small'>CHAPTER</span></th>
-    <th class='c009'>&nbsp;</th>
-    <th class='c010'>&nbsp;</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>I.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Headquarters Military District No. 6</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_1'>1</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>II.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>6th Canadian Mounted Rifles</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_9'>9</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>III.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>9th Siege Battery</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_22'>22</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>IV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>10th Siege Battery</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_28'>28</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>V.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>17th Field Battery</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_31'>31</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>VI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>23rd and 24th Field Batteries</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>VII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>36th Field Battery</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_43'>43</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>VIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>14th Brigade, C.F.A.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_56'>56</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>IX.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Royal Canadian Regiment</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>X.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>17th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_65'>65</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>25th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_70'>70</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>40th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_92'>92</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>64th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_95'>95</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XIV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>85th Battalion and Band</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_99'>99</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>106th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_116'>116</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XVI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>112th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_119'>119</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XVII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>185th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_122'>122</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XVIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>193rd Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_130'>130</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XIX.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>219th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_133'>133</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XX.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>246th Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_146'>146</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>2nd Construction Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_148'>148</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Forestry Corps</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_154'>154</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>No. 6 District Depot</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_157'>157</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXIV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Canadian Army Service Corps</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_161'>161</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Canadian Ordnance Corps</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_173'>173</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXVI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Canadian Army Medical Corps</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_177'>177</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_xii'>xii</span>XXVII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Canadian Army Dental Corps</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_226'>226</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXVIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Canadian Army Pay Corps</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_231'>231</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXIX.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Royal Canadian Garrison Artillery</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_236'>236</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXX.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Canadian Engineers</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_242'>242</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Militia Units on Home Service</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_243'>243</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>1st Regiment Canadian Garrison Artillery</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_245'>245</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>11th Brigade, C.F.A., and Composite Artillery Company</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_250'>250</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXIV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>63rd Regiment</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_253'>253</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>66th Regiment</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_259'>259</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXVI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>94th Regiment</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_263'>263</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXVII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Composite Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_268'>268</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXVIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Depot Battalion</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_272'>272</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XXXIX.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>“B” Unit, M.H.C.C.</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_275'>275</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XL.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>University of Acadia College</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_280'>280</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>University of Dalhousie College</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_282'>282</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>University of King’s College</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_289'>289</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>University of St. Francis Xavier’s College</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_294'>294</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLIV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Presbyterian College, Pine Hill</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_296'>296</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Recruiting in Nova Scotia</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_300'>300</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLVI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Ocean Transport</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_305'>305</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLVII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Munitions</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_311'>311</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLVIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Demobilization</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_322'>322</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>XLIX.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Vocational Training</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_330'>330</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>L.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Patriotic Fund</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_345'>345</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>LI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Victory Loan</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_347'>347</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>LII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Red Cross Society; and Willing War Workers, Green Feather Society and Catholic Ladies Society</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_350'>350</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>LIII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Knights of Columbus</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_370'>370</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>LIV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Young Men’s Christian Association</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_377'>377</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>LV.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax Citizens’ Reception Committee</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_381'>381</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>LVI.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Creche at Pier 2</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_386'>386</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>LVII.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>St. Matthew’s Church</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_394'>394</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Special Sketches</span>, with Portraits</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_399'>399</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c011' colspan='2'>“<span class='sc'>Felt Dawn</span>”—A Literary Appreciation of a phrase in McCrae’s poem, “In Flanders Fields”</td>
-    <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_436'>436</a></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_xiii'>xiii</span>
-<img src='images/i_xiii.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>SIR ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN,<br /><br />Premier of Canada during the Great War.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_xvi'>xvi</span>
-<img src='images/i_xvi.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>HON. G. H. MURRAY,<br /><br />Premier of Nova Scotia during the Great War.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section ph1'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>Nova Scotia’s Part in the Great War</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER I<br /> <em>HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DISTRICT No. 6.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Upon the opening of the World War the following were the
-principal Staff Officers at Halifax, the headquarters of
-Military District No. 6:—</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Col. R. W. Rutherford, G.O.C.; Col. W. W. Humphrey, A.O.C.;
-Major R. J. Hayter, G.S.O.; Major A. H. W. Powell, D.A.A.
-&amp; Q.M.G.; Major W. Gibsone, D.A.A. &amp; Q.M.G. Fortress.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Military District No. 6 then embraced the Maritime Provinces,
-but later in the war, when Compulsory Service came into force, New
-Brunswick was made into a separate District, No. 7.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The aforementioned Staff bore the brunt of this sudden change
-from peace to war, and met and overcame the resultant many new
-problems with great credit to themselves.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The sudden deluge of work included the calling out and recruiting
-up to strength of the Halifax City Regiments, viz.: 1st Regiment
-Canadian Artillery, 63rd Regiment Halifax Rifles, and 66th Regiment
-Princess Louise Fusiliers, as part of the War Garrison of
-Halifax; supplementing this Garrison later by a Regiment styled the
-Composite Regiment, called up by Companies from other Militia
-Regiments in Nova Scotia and from the 82nd in P. E. Island; calling
-out the 94th Argyll Highlanders to guard the cable and wireless
-stations at North Sydney, Marconi, Louisburg, and Canso, and
-detachments of Artillery from the P.E.I. Heavy Brigade to protect
-the Harbors of North Sydney and Canso; the provision of guards
-for the wireless station at Newcastle, N.B., for the International
-Bridge at St. Leonard’s and Vanceboro, and the calling out of the
-3rd Regiment Canadian Artillery and the 62nd Regiment Infantry
-for the defence of St. John, N.B.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_2'>2</span>This meant that the immediate necessities of war called upon
-the Maritime Provinces to furnish, equip and train and keep supplied
-some 3,000 officers and men, of whom almost 2,600 were supplied
-by the Province of Nova Scotia; and of these more than 1,500
-men from the City of Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This accounts for the fact that in the mobilization of troops for
-the first contingent at Valcartier there were not so many men
-reported there for duty from the City of Halifax or from rural
-Cape Breton as might have been expected. The officers and men,
-though keen to enter this larger sphere, were compelled to do this
-guard and garrison work, and were only relieved and permitted to
-join Overseas Battalions as new men could be found willing to take
-their places.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to equipping this force the further pressing duty
-upon the H. Q. Staff was the working out of a system of recruiting
-to take care of the thousands of young men anxious to get into the
-Overseas Battalions as they were authorized, and to train these men
-and officers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first change in H.Q. Staff came in December, 1914, when
-Major W. E. Thompson was called in from his Regiment, the 63rd
-Halifax Rifles, then doing duty on McNab’s Island, to take over
-the work of Inspector of Outposts and Detachments throughout the
-District, with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This officer succeeded, upon the retirement of Colonel Humphrey
-in March, 1915, to the appointment of Assistant Adjutant-General
-and Officer in charge of Administration. He remained at H.Q.
-throughout the war and until October 1, 1919, having succeeded
-to the command of the District in December, 1918, upon the retirement
-of Major-General Lessard. He was promoted full Colonel in
-May, 1916, and during the summer of that year he acted as
-Commandant at Aldershot Camp in addition to doing his work as
-A.A.G.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Every officer at H.Q. was continually on the watch for an
-opportunity of proceeding overseas. The chance came first to Major
-Hayter, who was offered the position of Brigade Major at Valcartier
-and was permitted to accept in September, 1914. A careful,
-most painstaking officer, always at work, always thinking about his
-work, he left his impress; and at Valcartier, in England, and in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span>France the same qualities marked his value. His great modesty
-may have somewhat retarded his promotion, though he won the
-rank of Brigadier-General before the war closed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>For some time the work of G.S.O. was rather perfunctorily
-performed by officers awaiting their chance to go overseas and
-was not again severely faced till it was taken on by Major A. N.
-Jones on his being invalided home from France after service with
-the 25th Battalion. He carried on till his health broke down in
-January, 1917, when Major Soulis acted temporarily till the arrival
-of Col. W. R. Lang, who arrived in this station with General
-Lessard, remaining till May, 1918, when he was succeeded by Major
-W. G. Haggarty.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There was a bit of a struggle between Major Gibsone and
-Colonel Thompson for the command of the 40th Battalion, the
-second Overseas Battalion to be raised in this District, but the prize
-fell to the former, and his place was taken by Major R. B. Willis,
-who filled the duties of D.A.A. and Q.M.G. Fortress for the balance
-of the war with great credit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in 1915 Major Powell was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-His special work was responsibility for recruiting and
-the organizing, officering and equipping of Units for Overseas
-Service. He brought great energy and ability to this work, and
-when New Brunswick was converted into a separate District he
-was detailed to that District as A.A.G., February, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Colonel Powell was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel B. R.
-Armstrong, of St. John, N.B., who came out with his Regiment,
-the 3rd C.A., at St. John upon the outbreak of the war, and who
-in addition to this command was the representative of the Officer
-Commanding the District in New Brunswick, and had a special
-supervision over recruiting in that Province. He carried on the
-duties of D.A.A. and Q.M.G. for District No. 6 till demobilized in
-September, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>His work was of a very high order, his grasp of details was
-unusual, and his knowledge of shipping and business affairs was
-of great assistance, particularly in connection with the very important
-work of transporting, embarking and disembarking troops.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This latter work assumed such dimensions that it was found
-necessary to provide him with an assistant. Major W. D. Tait
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>served in this capacity for a time till he assumed command of
-McGill Heavy Battery for service Overseas, when, in June, 1916,
-he was succeeded by Major P. O. Soulis, who came out on the
-outbreak of war with his Regiment, the 1st C.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major Soulis was given the special department of Statistics
-and Documents, and the supervision of all embarkations and disembarkations.
-The combination of these two officers made this
-most important work proceed so smoothly that hundreds of
-thousands of men went through this port with the bulk of the
-citizens not realizing that anything unusual was going on.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It should be mentioned, however, in this connection, that the
-work of H.Q. could not have met with the success it did,
-were it not for the very efficient executive work of Major A. P.
-Lomas, the executive head of the Department of Transport and
-Supplies during the rush-time of this most important work. Nor
-could the work of H.Q. have met with success in this matter had it
-not been for the energy and co-operation which the Clearing
-Services Command, represented here first by Lieut.-Colonel H. F.
-Adams and later by Lieut.-Colonel Cram, brought to its work of
-passing troops going and coming through its depot at Pier 2.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When after Compulsory Service came into operation the
-necessity became evident for an officer to be detailed to give
-exclusive attention to the compilation and care of soldiers’ documents,
-the choice most naturally fell upon Major Soulis. He made
-a close study of the work, and his system met with so much approval
-that many of his ideas were adopted by Militia Headquarters and
-were put into general operation. Major Soulis continued to hold
-the appointment of District Record Officer till demobilized in July,
-1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Both Colonel Armstrong and Major Soulis were South African
-Veterans, the former having lost a foot in action there, and the
-latter having been mentioned in despatches.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In December, 1914, Colonel Rutherford was promoted to the
-rank of Brigadier-General, and in October, 1915, was given his step
-to Major-General. He was an officer of much more than ordinary
-attainments, and filled well the office of General Officer Commanding,
-always carrying the confidence and respect of his Staff.
-A noticeable increase in defective hearing shown during a
-conference of General Officers at Ottawa led Militia H.Q. to bring
-about his retirement, and in November, 1915, he was succeeded
-by Major-General Thomas Benson.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>
-<img src='images/i_005.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>HEADQUARTERS STAFF, M.D. 6.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>General Benson brought a long training in military affairs, a
-broad outlook, an attractive personality, and good judgment to cope
-with the many questions arising in the District. He gave up his
-command in February, 1918, to the regret of his Staff and of
-citizens who had been wont to do business at Military Headquarters.
-He was given leave till July 1st of that year, and his
-valuable services were recognized by investment with the order of
-C.M.G.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>General Benson’s successor was Major-General T. L. Lessard,
-who retained command till December 28, 1918, when he was
-succeeded by Colonel W. E. Thompson.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The work done by the Garrison at Halifax during the war was
-most arduous, exacting and valuable. From August 7, 1914,
-when Canada entered the war till final demobilization, the work
-was kept up continuously, and upon the strictest laws of military
-discipline.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Only such officers whose places could be filled by volunteers
-were permitted to proceed Overseas, and no man was relieved for
-this broader field of action unless there was a man ready to take
-his place. This being so, it was the exception for an officer once
-on the Staff or for any well-trained officer of the Units out,
-particularly of the Artillery, or for good non-commissioned officers
-and specialists to get a chance for Overseas. They all knew that
-should the war terminate without their getting over they would for
-the rest of their lives be compelled to explain that they were not
-permitted to go and felt keenly how flat such an explanation would
-fall. They had, however, the consolation that they were doing a
-necessary and valuable work and were buoyed up with the hope
-their chance would yet come; and if not, the State would at least
-recognize their voluntary services as at least equal to the services
-of those, many of whom were draftees, who had not proceeded
-further than England or St. Lucia. Up to the time of writing,
-however, no such recognition has been forthcoming.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The above sets out in most skeletonized form the ordinary
-duties of H.Q. consequent on the Country being at war, and the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>Port of Halifax being the only port of embarkation and disembarkation
-for Canadian troops and supplies of war during the most
-strenuous months of the year.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition were the extra responsibilities of caring for troops
-awaiting embarkation. These troops were not only Canadians
-but also troops from United States, Australia, New Zealand and
-some 50,000 laborers from China.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When a contingent passed through the port, either coming in
-or going out, from illness or other causes some were left behind,
-and these had to be cared for, often taxing the facilities of the
-barracks and hospitals to their utmost. In the summer of 1918
-when we encamped at Aldershot, some 5,000 United States troops
-and a whole shipload was suddenly disembarked at Sydney suffering
-from the “flu.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The temporary derelicts from Canadian troops passing through
-the City of Halifax were taken care of by being attached to the
-Composite Battalion, under Lieut.-Col. H. L. Chipman. When
-ready for Overseas these were attached to another unit going
-through. The records show the number of such exceeded 10,000
-men. Lieut.-Colonel Chipman deserves special mention for his
-splendid administration of the Composite Battalion and for his
-wise handling of many difficult problems not to be met in an
-ordinary Garrison Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Again, the awful catastrophe which befell the City of Halifax
-on December 6, 1917, when a ship loaded with high explosives
-exploded in the harbor, spreading death and devastation broadcast,
-placed a great burden upon the Garrison and proved its great value
-in a sudden emergency. Every officer and man of every Military
-Unit and Department, with all the military facilities of the Garrison
-were rushed into the work of removing the dead and wounded,
-fighting fires, preparing shelters, transporting and feeding the
-destitute, doing police duty and the hundred and one things that
-came to the hands of a willing, well-trained body of troops.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Ordnance, under Lieut.-Col. Arthur Panet, opened wide
-its doors, and one of the first orders issued from H.Q. was for
-every available man of the 63rd from McNab’s and the 66th from
-York and also every artilleryman of the 1st C.A. from the forts
-to be rushed to the city and, proceeding to the devastated area by
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>way of the Ordnance Yard, for each to carry with him a blanket
-for the wounded and destitute. This order was fully carried out,
-Col. Panet, though himself wounded, travelling continuously to and
-from the area of most suffering to see that as many as possible
-were cared for.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major H. P. Lomas, then at the head of the Department of
-Supplies and Transport, met the necessities of the sufferers with
-the same breadth of judgment, bigness of heart and broad interpretation
-of regulations which marked his most successful administration
-throughout the war of this the essentially business
-department of the Service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Elsewhere in this publication will be found articles dealing with
-specific work done in this District during the war, so that in this
-article it is only attempted to give a general idea of who sat at
-Headquarters during these strenuous times and a general idea of
-the work they were called upon to originate and supervise; and it
-must be borne in mind as the detail of this specific work is studied
-and admired or condemned, the responsibility and the direction was
-always with that often maligned, seldom praised or congratulated,
-but nevertheless patient, long-suffering, faithful, headquarters.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This article cannot properly close, however, without mention of
-the other heads of Departments in addition to those specially
-mentioned above because of their close association with the matters
-dealt with, who so heartily and with such great self-sacrifice
-performed their various duties, each in their turn:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. J. A. Grant, Lieut.-Col. McKelvie Bell, and Col.
-H. S. Jaques as Assistant Directors of Medical Service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Colonel Houliston, Lieut.-Colonel Benoit, Lieut.-Colonel
-Van Tuyl, and Major Pringle, Commanding the Royal Canadian
-Engineers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Colonel Dean, Assistant Director of Transport and
-Supplies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Col. S. J. R. Sircom (Brig.-General upon Retirement), Assistant
-Director of Pay Services.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Col. J. F. Macdonald, Senior Ordnance Officer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major J. A. Proudfoot, District Signalling Officer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. H. F. Adams and Lieut.-Colonel Cram, Clearing
-Services Command.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER II.<br /> <em>THE 6th CANADIAN MOUNTED RIFLES.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 6th Canadian Mounted Rifles was recruited from the
-different Maritime Provinces Militia Cavalry Regiments—“A”
-Squadron from the 8th P.L.F. (headquarters Sackville,
-N.B.), and 36th P.E.I. Light Horse (headquarters Charlottetown,
-P.E.I.); “B” Squadron from the 28th N.B. Dragoon Guards
-(headquarters St. John, N.B.), and “C” Squadron from the 14th
-King’s Canadian Hussars (headquarters Canning, Nova Scotia).</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The establishment of officers and warrant officers consisted of
-the following:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>O.C., Lieut.-Col. R. H. Ryan, South African, Russian-Japanese,
-American-Mexican Wars; 2nd I.C., Lieut.-Col. A. E. Ings, Militia
-Long Service Medal; Capt. and Adj., Capt. B. W. Roscoe (later
-Capt. J. W. Long); Q.M., Major R. A. March; O.M., Major Colin
-Macintosh; Chaplain, Capt. G. A. Kuhring; M.O., Capt. F. A. R.
-Gow; Sig. Off., Capt. H. R. Emmerson; Asst. Adj., Lieut. E. M.
-Arnold; Vet. Off., Lieut. J. S. Roy; R.S.M., L. W. Long.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“A” Squadron</em>—O.C., Major A. J. Markham; 2nd I.C., Capt.
-B. W. Roscoe; Lieut. A. T. Ganong, Lieut. G. N. D. Otty, Lieut.
-G. R. Barnes, Lieut. W. D. Atkinson, Sqd. Sgt.-Major N. Dawes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“B” Squadron</em>—Major C. H. McLean; 2nd I.C., Capt. M. A.
-Scovil; Lieut. E. J. Mooney, Lieut. E. A. Thomas, Lieut. H. S.
-Everitt, Lieut. Geo. Morrisey, Sqd. Sgt.-Major J. M. Lamb.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“C” Squadron</em>—Major T. A. Lydiard; 2nd I.C., Capt. J. C.
-Gray; Lieut. H. H. Pineo, Lieut. J. P. Knowlton, Lieut. W. J.
-Brown, Lieut. H. L. Bowness, Lieut. B. M. Beckwith, Sqd. Sgt.-Major
-George Gill.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Colonel Ryan and many of the officers and other ranks had
-volunteered at the outbreak of the war but owing to the expected
-necessity for the employment of mounted troops in the Maritime
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>Provinces (the 14th K.C.H. having actually received orders for
-mobilization) their services were not accepted. It was also intimated
-to Colonel Ryan, who was at Valcartier, when the First
-Division was mobilized, that in the event of the Maritime Province
-Cavalry not being mobilized as Militia Units for home service he
-would be permitted to raise a Cavalry Regiment from these Units
-and would be given command thereof, owing to his previous service
-and experience in the field.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Accordingly Colonel Ryan returned to Nova Scotia and in
-December, 1915, received orders to recruit the Regiment.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>AT AMHERST, N.S.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>The Regiment was mobilized at Amherst, N.S., mobilization
-dating from March 17, 1915.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The period during which the Regiment was quartered at
-Amherst was spent in perfecting the organization, taking on recruits
-and training the latter, owing to restrictions being largely confined
-to setting-up exercises, arm drill and route marching with inspections
-by various Generals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While at Amherst a draft of two hundred volunteers was sent
-as reinforcements to the Infantry Regiments in England to make
-up for the losses sustained by the Canadians in the Second Battle
-of Ypres. These were replaced by new recruits.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>AT VALCARTIER CAMP.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>In May, 1915, the Regiment was moved to Valcartier, being
-brigaded with the 4th and 5th C.M.R.’s, under command of Colonel
-(later Brigadier-General) C. A. Smart.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Training at Valcartier was intensive and performed on foot, as
-horses had not been received, the Cavalry formation being however
-retained. Here the Unit received instruction in musketry and rather
-prided themselves in their ability in this line.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While at Valcartier and also when at Amherst they were asked
-if they would volunteer to serve as dismounted troops, and the
-answer was always that “we will serve in any way we are needed.”</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>IN ENGLAND.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>The 6th C.M.R. left Valcartier early in July for England,
-embarking at Quebec on the slow South American cold storage
-boat <em>Herschel</em>. Naturally the accommodations were not of the best,
-as there were six hundred men and four hundred horses on a boat
-without practically any passenger accommodation. Their eleven
-days’ voyage ended at Devonport, where they got a great reception.
-At Exeter they were met at the station by the good ladies of that
-town and given bags of food and fruit, and had their water bottles
-filled with hot coffee and tea. Many times since has this been spoken
-of in grateful words by the men, who were hungry and cold from the
-long train journey. On arrival at Camp in Dibgate they found
-themselves once more camping in the sand. As active service in
-Egypt had been spoken of, the Unit thought the authorities must be
-trying to accustom it to its future surroundings.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While at Dibgate the Unit received a draft of officers and men
-from the 8th C.M.R., under command of Lieut. T. D. Johnstone
-(later Capt. in Command of “B” Co., 5th C.M.R., wounded):
-second in command, Lieut. H. N. Bate (transferred to R.C.D.’s,
-when Regiment was broken up). Many of the men who had been
-sick, owing to the strenuous training, had been transferred to
-hospital, and when convalescent were sent to the Cavalry Reserve
-Depot. These had been replaced by the draft of men from the 8th.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>IN FRANCE—PLOEGSTEERTE—MESSINES.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>The Regiment proceeded to France on October 24, 1915, the
-Brigade being attached to General Seely’s Cavalry Division, operating
-as Corps Troops in the areas of Ploegsteerte and Messines.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following officers and warrant officers went to France with
-the Regiment and saw service at Ploegsteerte and Messines during
-the fall and early winter months of 1915.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>O.C., Lieut.-Colonel Shaw (later O.C. 1st C.M.R., killed in
-action June 2, 1916).</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>2nd I.C., Lieut.-Colonel Ings: Adjt., Capt. J. W. Long: Q.M.,
-Major R. A. March (later to 4th C.M.R. Battalion); P.M., Major
-C. McIntosh (later to Can. Artillery); M.O., Capt. F. A. R. Gow
-(later to Can. Artillery); Sig. Officer, Capt. H. R. Emmerson (later
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>Major 219th Infantry Battalion); Vet. Officer, Lieut. J. A. Roy
-(later to Fort Garry Horse).</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“A” Squadron</em>-Major A. J. Markham (later to Fort Garry
-Horse), Capt. B. W. Roscoe, Lieuts. A. T. Ganong, G. N. D. Otty,
-G. R. Barnes, T. D. Johnstone; Sqd. Sgt.-Major N. Dawes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“B” Squadron</em>—Major C. H. McLean, Capt. M. A. Scovil,
-Lieuts. E. J. Mooney, E. A. Thomas, H. S. Everett, George
-Morrisey; Sqd. Sgt.-Major J. M. Lamb (all later to 4th C.M.R.
-Regt.).</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“C” Squadron</em>—Major T. A. Lydiard (later to R.C. Dragoons),
-Capt. J. C. Gray, Lieuts. H. H. Pineo, J. P. Knowlton,
-B. M. Beckwith, H. N. Bate; Sqd. Sgt.-Major Geo. Gill, D.C.M.,
-later R.S.M. 5th C.M.R.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Colonel Ryan transferred to the Artillery, in which he
-served with distinction to the end of the war being decorated for
-conspicuous gallantry in the field.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>REORGANIZED AS INFANTRY.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>The Division was withdrawn from the trenches in December,
-1915, and orders were subsequently received that the 1st and 2nd
-C.M.R. Brigade should be reorganized into the 8th Canadian
-Infantry Brigade, consisting of 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th Battalions of
-Mounted Rifles. The junior Regiments in each Brigade, namely
-the 3rd and 6th C.M.R., were split up between the two senior
-Regiments, thus forming four Infantry Regiments.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The ostensible reason for this was the necessity of relieving
-infantry in trenches and the unsuitability of the cavalry formation
-for that purpose. The change in formation necessitated the transfer
-to England of officers of senior rank.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The command of the reorganized Brigade was assumed by Brig.-Gen.
-V. A. S. Williams on January 1, 1916, and training in infantry
-drill and tactics was gone at in dead earnest by all ranks.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This training continued both in the line and out and the Brigade
-occupied the Ploegsteerte area until March, 1916, when it was moved
-to the Ypres Sector as part of the newly-formed 3rd Division,
-commanded by General Mercer, and took over the Hooge-Hill 60
-Sector.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>The disposal of the various Squadrons of the 6th C.M.R. was as
-follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“A” and “C” Squadrons were formed into “D” Company of
-the 5th C.M.R. Battalion, the company officers and warrant officers
-being:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Captain B. W. Roscoe (later Major, D.S.O., 2nd I.C. 5th C.M.R.
-Battalion, wounded June 3, 1916, at Sanctuary Wood); 2nd I.C.,
-Captain H. H. Pineo (later killed in action at Mt. Sorrell, Ypres
-Sector, July, 1916); Lieuts. A. T. Ganong, G. N. D. Otty, G. R.
-Barnes; Lieut. J. P. Knowlton (later to record office at Rouen, and
-received promotion there to Captain); C.S.M. George Gill (later
-R.S.M. 5th C.M.R. Battalion); “B” Squadron was formed into
-“D” Company of the 4th C.M.R. Battalion, the company officers
-and warrant officers being: Major C. H. McLean (later 2nd I.C.
-4th C.M.R. Battalion); Capt. M. A. Scovil; Lieut. George
-Morrisey.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>SANCTUARY WOOD.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>The first serious engagement in which the Brigade was concerned
-was the Battle of Sanctuary Wood, which began June 2,
-1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The disposition of the Brigade was: 1st and 4th C.M.R., front
-line and close support; 5th C.M.R., Battalion H.Q. and three Companies
-in support at Maple Copse; one Company in reserve at
-Zillebeke Bund; 2nd C.M.R. in Brigade reserve near Poperinghe.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The morning of June 2nd was clear with good visibility. About
-8 a.m. the Hun started a heavy bombardment, which grew in intensity,
-and information was received that an attack was in progress
-on the sector held by the 7th and 8th Brigades. The bombardment
-continued unabatingly, and about twelve o’clock mines were seen
-to be blown. The whole of the area held by the two Brigades was
-being systematically and furiously shelled, and communication with
-the forward area was impossible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About 2 p.m. Captain Roscoe received orders to reinforce with
-his Company, the remainder of the Battalion at Maple Copse. There
-was no route specified, the officer conveying the order remarking
-that he hoped they would get through.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>The only other officer with the Company at this time was Lieut.
-G. N. D. Otty, but it developed that the N.C.O.’s had the requisite
-requirements of leadership and judgment. The Company, led by
-Captain Roscoe, advanced to the support of the remainder of the
-Battalion, and in full view of the enemy, through an extremely
-heavy barrage of fire, reached Maple Copse with few casualties,
-reporting to Lieut.-Colonel G. H. Baker, then commanding the
-Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Orders were then received to connect up with the 7th Brigade
-on the left, to dig in and hold the Copse to the last. Then it was
-that the N.C.O.’s showed those qualities of leadership and judgment,
-which later were to be recognized in a substantial manner.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>C.S.M. George Gill, with twenty men was ordered to occupy and
-hold a strong point whose garrison had been killed. This he did
-with great bravery, showing much skill in defending the position.
-Sgts. George Chase, H. McGarry and T. W. Martin led detachments
-through the Copse and dug in on the edge next the enemy. Lieutenant
-Otty was absolutely fearless in assisting in the disposition of
-the Company, refusing to avail himself of anything that looked like
-shelter. He remarked to the Company Commander that if he was
-to be killed that would happen and that his men were his first
-consideration. Unfortunately he was hit and killed within a short
-time after arrival at the Copse.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The enemy made several ineffectual attempts to break through
-the line, and at each repulse his artillery fire became more severe.
-There was absolutely no shelter from his fire, and the Copse was like
-an inferno. The Company held the position, and were reinforced the
-next morning by the 2nd C.M.R.’s. After this things quieted down
-and the remnants of the Company marched out that night.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the roll-call on relief only one officer (Lieutenant Barnes) and
-twenty men answered their names, the remainder of the Company
-which went into action 130 strong, having been either killed or
-wounded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Captain Roscoe had been wounded on the morning of June 3rd,
-after the 2nd C.M.R.’s had arrived, and the command of the Company
-was taken over by Lieutenant Barnes, who was the Battalion
-Bombing Officer, and with his bombers had been active in the
-defence of the position. Lieutenant Barnes made several very daring
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>patrols, practically between the posts of the enemy, who had
-attempted to push down hill in the long grass. It was through his
-efforts that the Unit was able to concentrate its rifle fire on the
-dangerous places and dislodge several machine guns. Lieutenant
-Barnes afterward got the M.C. for his work on this occasion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion, reduced to some 300 all ranks, moved into rest
-billets, and the losses were filled by a large draft of officers and
-other ranks from England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the reorganization of the Battalion Major D. C. Draper
-(later Brigadier-General Commanding the Brigade) became O.C.
-(Lieut.-Colonel Baker having been killed in the engagement);
-Captain Roscoe was promoted to be second in command, awarded
-the D.S.O. for his work on the occasion and mentioned in
-despatches. The command of “D” Company was taken over by
-Lieut. H. H. Pineo (later promoted Captain), with Lieutenant
-Barnes, 2nd I.C.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sergt. Harold McGarry was promoted to C.S.M. in place of
-George Gill, who was awarded the D.C.M. and promoted to be
-Regtl. Sgt.-Major for his meritorious services and bravery evinced
-during the battle. Sergt. Geo. Chase, who was severely wounded,
-was awarded the Military Medal and slated for a commission.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 4th C.M.R. Battalion also lost heavily in the battle, and
-“D” Company of that unit thereafter practically lost its identify
-as a Maritime Province Company, owing to the casualties suffered.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The command of the Brigade was taken over by Brig.-General
-J. H. Elmsley, D.S.O. (afterward Major-General), replacing
-General Williams, taken prisoner in the battle, while the command
-of the Division devolved upon Major-General Lipsett, D.S.O. (later
-killed in action), the Divisional Commander, General Mercer having
-been killed during the action.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Brigade, and incidentally the Company, under the new
-command had another very strenuous period of training, and after
-an initiation trip for the new men the whole Company moved up
-again to take their place in the line. While in training they had
-the benefit of the advice of a C.S.M. from the Welsh Guards,
-which was a great help, especially to the N.C.O.’s. This training
-showed later on the Somme.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>THE BLUFF—MOUNT SORELL LINE.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>On the first trip in after the June fight, the Unit took over the
-line on Mount Sorell. The first night in, the Hun started his
-regular trench mortar strafe. One of the first of these landed on
-the signallers’ dugout, next company headquarters, and buried the
-men on duty there. Captain Pineo and Lieutenant Barnes, together
-with some of the men, started in to dig them out. At that time
-they could still hear the men groaning. Almost immediately afterward
-the Hun threw over another trench mortar. The men saw it
-coming by the trail of sparks, and all scattered up and down the
-trench. Captain Pineo was struck and instantly killed. The work
-of rescuing the men who had been buried need not have been performed
-by him. It was his anxiety for his men that cost him his
-life. Lieutenant Barnes at once took over the command of the
-Company. Word was here received that the Hun had dug some
-mines under the trench occupied by the Company, and to be on the
-lookout. During the night a party who were digging out in front
-uncovered a mine sap and on pulling up some planks from the roof
-saw a man with a lighted candle passing under the lines. Explosives
-were immediately obtained and the sap blown. This evidently
-put the “wind up” the Hun for he blew the remaining mines, some
-of which were hardly clear of his wire.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>AT THE SOMME.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Shortly after this the Unit left for the Somme, arriving in
-Albert on September 1st, after a long, hard march, and severe
-training. They moved up in support and were selected as one of
-the two Companies to be first over the top. In this engagement,
-owing to previous officer casualties, the sergeants had to lead
-Platoons. The attack on September 15th between Moquet Farm
-and Courcellette was the first occasion in which the Tanks were used.
-The Unit had wonderful success on this day, losing very few men
-in the attack. Afterward, out of one hundred and twenty, forty
-were killed and sixty wounded, holding the trench. Lieutenant
-Barnes was awarded the bar to the M.C. and his majority
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>for his work on this occasion. No one could speak too highly
-of the way in which he led his men, and it was largely due
-to his dash that the attack was so successful. Mention should
-be made here of Sergeant Lowther, who was left behind with a
-party of ten men to garrison the trench until relieved by incoming
-troops. He lost a leg and several of the men were killed and
-wounded before the relief was accomplished. Sergeant Lowther
-was awarded the M.M. Sergt.-Major McGarry, who had been
-recommended for a commission, was killed in this action.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit’s next attack was on October 2nd when “D” Company
-was in support. The objective was Regina Trench, strongly
-held by two divisions of German Marines, who had just been
-brought from Ostend to try and stop the Canadians. This was one
-of the stiffest hand-to-hand fights the Company ever had, and
-naturally the casualties were very heavy. Several times the Company
-managed to bomb several hundred yards of trench clear, but
-each time the Hun would come back with reinforcements. At
-daybreak, with bombs and ammunition completely exhausted, the
-few survivors were forced to withdraw to the jumping-off trench.
-Every officer engaged was either killed or wounded. Sergt.-Major
-Holmes, who led the Company on this occasion, after the officers
-were knocked out, was awarded the M.M. Captain Beckwith, who
-had been detailed as O.C. of the 8th L.T.M. Battery, and had joined
-the Company for this occasion was wounded in the face. His
-leadership and energy were of great assistance, and it was largely
-due to him and his battery who were carrying ammunition that the
-Company was able to hold on as long as it did.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The remainder of the time at the Somme was spent in relieving
-and holding front-line positions. The Battalion was complimented
-by the Army Commander for its fine work while at the Somme, a
-personal visit being paid by him to Battalion Headquarters for that
-purpose.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to the decorations mentioned as being won here,
-many of the officers of the Battalion were cited for bravery and
-gallantry in the field. Sergeant T. W. Martin was awarded the
-M.M. and slated for a commission for a daring reconnaissance of
-the enemy line under artillery fire.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>ON THE VIMY FRONT.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>The Unit’s next move was to the Vimy front, where it was soon
-apparent that preparations were being made for a terrific onslaught
-on the Hun. Some time was spent here in assisting in the work of
-preparation, after which the Unit was withdrawn with the rest of
-the Brigade for a period of intensive training in attack over a taped
-layout of the enemy trenches. The Unit was then moved up to its
-part of the line, being in close support to the 4th C.M.R. Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battle of Vimy Ridge will live in history as the great
-achievement of the war, owing to the position being considered
-impregnable and the fact that it was captured with inconsequential
-losses, mainly due to a well considered plan of attack, absolute
-co-operation between all branches of the service and thoroughness
-of preparation.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Company carried on with the usual steadiness during
-the engagement and rendered valuable assistance, its losses being
-negligible.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>ON THE DOUAI PLAIN.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>For some time after the capture of Vimy Ridge it was found
-impossible to bring up the artillery within range, as the Hun had
-retired to a line on the outskirts of Lens and Douai. The Company,
-with the rest of the Battalion, pushed over the Ridge and were in
-position as a sacrifice Battalion to fight to the last man, in the event
-of a counter attack being launched to retake the Ridge. Trenches
-were constructed, deepened and strengthened, but the expected did
-not happen, and finally the guns were able to get up within range,
-from which time ordinary trench routine was resumed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During a tour in the trenches on this front a raid was attempted
-by the Hun on the Company front. It was unsuccessful, the enemy
-being repulsed with heavy loss.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieutenant Holmes was awarded the M.C. for his work on this
-occasion, displaying great coolness and gallantry in holding off
-single-handed, until reinforced, a party of Huns.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion at this time was under the command of Major
-Roscoe, D.S.O., who the day following the attempted raid received
-a message from the Divisional Commander complimenting the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>Battalion on their steadiness during the attack. A few days after
-the Brigade was withdrawn from this sector.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Company, which up until now had been practically all Maritime
-Province men, under the new reinforcement scheme drew
-their men from Quebec, and for a while the Company was made up
-almost entirely of French-Canadians. After Passchendaele, during
-which the Company gave its usual assistance to the Battalion, the
-wounded men began to come back as well as some of the N.C.O.’s
-who had been granted commissions, and once again it became a
-Maritime Province Company. It was at Passchendaele that Capt.
-L. C. Eaton was killed, just before going over the top.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the winter of 1917 the Unit moved back to their old front at
-Vimy. In March, 1918, the Battalion put on a raid of 250 men.
-Lieutenants Gillis and Young of the old “D” Company took part in
-this, and were both awarded the M.C. for their work. Gillis in
-particular had done some very fine work during the second attack
-on the Somme. He had come back from hospital with an unhealed
-wound in his arm, and although it was too late for him to secure a
-rifle and the necessary equipment, he took a pick-axe handle and
-joined his Company in going over the top. He brought back the
-prisoners, sixty in all, taken on that occasion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After a pleasant spring spent in reinforcing different parts of
-the line, in August the Unit once again took the road south for
-Amiens. The work done by the Company during this attack was
-spectacular. One of their accomplishments was the capture of
-a 5.9 Battery in action at point-blank range. One of the old 6th
-men was awarded the D.C.M. for his work on this occasion and
-Lieutenant Barnstead was awarded the Croix de Guerre for his
-leadership.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieutenant Smith was very seriously wounded during the next
-scrap in front of Arras, called the Second Battle of Arras. He had
-been a stretcher-bearer-Sergeant with the old Company and was
-awarded a commission in the spring of 1917. He was given the
-M. C. for his work at Arras in the taking of Monchy. He afterwards
-died of wounds in London. His work all the time he had
-been with the Battalion had been exceptional and the award of his
-M.C. was very popular.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>The next fight was for Cambrai, which as far as this Company
-was concerned consisted of a hunt for Huns through the ruins,
-collecting souvenirs by the way. The Company had a brush with
-the Bosche on the other side of the town, but they were merely
-scouts left behind and pulled out as soon as fired upon. The Company
-was sitting down having dinner when the English troops came
-through. As there had been no barrage they did not know that the
-town had been taken. From here the Company went to Valenciennes
-and then on to Mons. Lieutenant Gillis was wounded at
-Valenciennes and invalided to England.</p>
-
-<div class='clear'>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_020a.jpg' alt='' />
-<p>CAPT. L. C. EATON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_020b.jpg' alt='' />
-<p>CAPT. H. H. PINEO.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_020c.jpg' alt='' />
-<p>LIEUT. G. N. D. OTTY.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_020d.jpg' alt='' />
-<p>LIEUT. GEO. MORRISEY.</p>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following other ranks of the 6th C.M.R. Regiment, who
-went to “D” Company of the 5th. obtained commissions with the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>Battalion for gallantry and devotion to duty on the field: J. W.
-Lewis, M.C. (later Capt. 8th Bgd. Light Trench Mortars); L. C.
-Eaton (later Capt. O. C. “D” Company, killed at Passchendaele);
-A. C. Wiswell, wounded June 2, 1916 (later Div. Bombing Officer,
-Bramshott); W. O. Barnstead, Croix de Guerre; C. G. Dunham,
-M.C., wounded June 2, 1916; H. A. Smith, M.C., died of
-wounds received at Monchy, Aug. 28, 1918; L. J. Young, M.C.,
-wounded June 2, 1916, and at Monchy, Aug. 28, 1918; A. E.
-Gillis, M.C., wounded three times; A. H. Weldon, wounded June
-2. 1916; T. W. Martin, M.M., wounded Aug. 9th at Vimy; W. J.
-Holmes, M.C., M.M., wounded at Lens, 1916; F. I. Andrews, M.M.,
-wounded June 2, 1916, and November, 1918; Gordon Campbell,
-wounded twice; C. W. McArthur, M.M., wounded twice; A. H.
-Whidden, wounded June, 1916; A. Desbrisay, wounded June, 1916,
-died since returning home.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Cadets undergoing training when Armistice was signed: Duncan
-Chisholm, Campbell McLellan, Wm. H. Graham, M.M., J. A.
-Cameron, D.C.M., Walter Anderson, D.C.M.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following were gazetted to other Regiments: A. Rogers,
-N. Rogers, D. B. Holman, Stuart Roy, B. Elliott, Geo. Morrison.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“B” Squadron and Headquarters, 6th C.M.R.’s, went to the
-4th C.M.R. Battalion and formed „ D „ Company of that Battalion
-under the command of Major C. H. McLean, D.S.O (later 2nd i/c
-4th C.M.R.’s); Capt. M. A. Scovil, 2nd i/c (seriously wounded and
-taken prisoner June 2, 1916). Lieut. H. S. Everett, bombing
-officer 4th C.M.R., was wounded at Sanctuary Wood, May, 1916.
-Lieut. E. A. Thomas was killed in action at Sanctuary Wood.
-Lieut. Geo. Morrisey, Intelligence Officer of 4th C.M.R., was killed
-in action June 2nd, 1916, while attempting to save a comrade’s life.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following N.C.O.’s received commissions from the 4th for
-gallantry and devotion in the field: C. W. Hicks, wounded June
-2, 1916 (afterwards bombing officer, 34th Reserve, Seaford).
-J. H. Craigie, gazetted to the Imperial Infantry; N. McKenzie, commission
-with the 85th N.S. Highlanders; J. O. Spinney, commission
-with the 52nd Battalion; H. B. Fenis, Lieutenant R.A.F.; J. J.
-Rowland, 4th C.M.R.; J. H. Harris, Depot Battalion, St John;
-W. C. Wetmore, 236th Battalion.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER III.<br /> <em>9th CANADIAN SIEGE BATTERY, C.E.F.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 9th Canadian Siege Battery was composed of officers
-and men belonging to the Royal Canadian Garrison Artillery.
-Most of the N.C.O/s and men came from Nos. 1 and 2
-Companies, R.C.G.A., at Halifax, N.S. A small number came
-from No. 5 Company at Esquimalt, B.C. All the officers of the
-original Battery came from the strength of the R.C.G.A. at Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>For months the R.C.G.A. had been mobilized in the Forts for
-the defence of Halifax; and because the defence of these Forts
-was a prime necessity, and no other troops being available, it was
-impossible, in the view of Headquarters, to relieve the R.C.G.A. for
-service Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The possibility of an attack from German ships at first kept up
-excitement, but as the War progressed this soon diminished and the
-men looked down from the Forts at transport after transport bearing
-troops Overseas. These were trying days for men keen themselves
-to go, and it was difficult to make them believe, as they were
-constantly told, that their duty was here. Volunteers for Overseas
-were asked for more than once but nothing happened.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Eventually during the summer of 1916 a definite proposal, made
-by Lieut.-Col. S. A. Heward, then acting C.R.C.A. at the Citadel,
-to raise a Siege Battery from the R.C.G.A. was granted, on the
-understanding that men to replace those taken away should be
-found and trained. This was soon done, and the Battery sailed for
-England on Sept. 27, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After a long delay in England the Battery was equipped with
-six-inch howitzers, and landed in France on March 22nd. The subsequent
-moves of the Battery after its arrival at the Front is best
-set forth by the following list of Battery positions:—Mont St. Eloy—Battle
-of Arras or Vimy Ridge; Hill 131 (Cabaret Rouge):
-Angres; Hill 70; Frizenberg Ridge—Battle of Passchendaele;
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>Thelus; Calonne; Maroc; Petit Vimy; Les Tilluels; Souciiez;
-Lievin; Villers Cagnicourt—Battle of Canal du Nord; Barrelle
-Wood; Sauchy Lestree—Battle of Cambrai; Blecourt; Bantiguy;
-Marquette; Escaudain; Wavrechain-sous-Denain—Battle of Valenciennes;
-Herin; Valenciennes; St. Saulve; Onnaing; Mons.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the incessant fighting of all this period it is not known
-which will be considered as major operations, but the Battle of
-Arras or Vimy Ridge, Hill 70, Passchendaele, Canal du Nord,
-Cambrai and Valenciennes will be considered as such as far as the
-Canadian Corps is concerned, and in all of which the 9th C.S.B. did
-its part.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Group Commander showed
-his appreciation of the work of the Battery by a special letter of
-recognition for good work done. It had been a very strenuous time.
-The Battery arrived there only on April 5th. The position was in
-an open muddy field. There was not much time to get ready.
-Gun platforms were constructed and camouflage erected, ready to
-move the guns in at night. All material, as well as the ammunition,
-had to be carried a long distance. For three nights there was no
-sleep, but guns were registered on April 7th and the Battery took
-part in the bombardment on that and succeeding days.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After Vimy the Battery moved forward to a position between
-Angres and Cité du Caumont. It had a long and memorable stay
-here during the protracted fighting round Lens. The position was
-a very forward one for a six-inch Battery, and the Hun machine
-guns at night seemed very near. Our infantry front line at first
-was rather uncertain just here and German snipers and posts used
-to occupy empty houses at night not very far from the Battery. It
-was a good position. The guns were just behind a hill which
-screened their flash and were well concealed from aeroplane observation.
-The men off duty had good deep Hun dugouts, some 600
-yards in rear. But the place was shelled continually.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battery had wonderful luck, shells day after day dropping
-all round the guns and B. C. Post. Funk pits were soon constructed
-near the guns for men to take cover when necessary. It
-was during one of these enforced cessations of fire that a little
-episode occurred. The No. 1, on looking out, saw an old gunner
-(Gunner Forde) calmly sitting on the trail of his gun and quietly
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>using most abusive and lurid language against the enemy. On
-being asked by him why he did not obey the order to take cover,
-he said, “There is not a blankety blank Hun living who will make
-me take cover.” It then transpired that he had habitually stayed
-behind in this manner on such occasions.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One of the chief dangers was from splinters. In trying to get
-our guns many of the Hun shells exploded on the top of the ridge
-in front of them, which sent showers of splinters for 800 yards, so
-that the daily relief going and coming from dugouts to guns had
-an anxious time. During the stay at Angres many other batteries
-came to the locality, but did not stay long, leaving for sunnier
-climes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was during one of these visits that the first decoration was
-awarded to the 9th C.S.B., Gunner Makin getting the M.M. for
-pulling some gunners belonging to another battery out of the debris
-in which they had been buried by hostile shell fire. But many
-others deserved a decoration as well as he and were frequently
-recommended for it.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In May the Battery had their most unlucky day, one chance shell
-killing seven and wounding six.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was in June that a Staff Officer informed the Battery that for
-the time it had been in France it had (<em>a</em>) fired more rounds than
-any other Battery, (<em>b</em>) had received more shelling than any other
-Battery, and (<em>c</em>) was the most advanced Battery on the front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In October the Battery left Lens area for the North with the
-Canadian Corps, which was to relieve the Australians in the operations
-against Passchendaele. It remained in the Ypres Salient till
-Dec. 13th. The Battery relieved three R.G.A. Batteries in turn,
-going further forward each time. By a merciful providence the
-ground was soft, and in consequence many enemy shells were
-“duds”; otherwise nothing could have prevented heavy casualties.
-Constant shelling and bombing; the enemy’s aeroplanes everywhere;
-ours not in sight.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Ypres Salient is the abomination of desolation—one big
-graveyard. A peculiarly depressing place, nothing can describe it;
-it has to be felt. A complimentary letter was published from 2nd
-Division describing the Heavy Artillery’s work in the taking of
-Passchendaele as the “perfection of Heavy Artillery barrage.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>The Battery moved South again, and for the first time in eight
-months went into rest at Ham-en-Artois, arriving at that place on
-Dec. 15th. It seemed almost too good to be true. Jan. 11th found
-the Battery back in the line again at Petit Vimy. Then followed
-uneventful moves to Calonne (Feb. 3rd) and Maroc, where there
-were good cellars for the men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About this time there was a change in Brigade Commanders.
-On the new one asking the former one which was the best Battery
-in the Brigade, the 9th was given a reputation it might well be
-proud of.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On Feb. 25th the Battery was back again at Petit Vimy position
-with one section in rear near Les Tilluels. Preparation for the
-expected Hun offensive was the order of the day. Successive
-defensive systems were prepared. Batteries were issued with Lewis
-Guns and were ordered to wire their positions. Many battery positions
-were prepared and camouflaged. It was hard work for the
-men who had heavy days and nights of firing to carry out at the
-same time. Again the Battery found itself the most advanced in
-the Brigade, and was always being called upon to fire on the most
-distant target in consequence. In case of a successful Hun attack
-the position would have been impossible to get out of with the steep
-Vimy Ridge immediately in rear and all the roads registered and
-under observation by day. It seemed that the role of the Battery,
-under such circumstances, was that of a sacrifice Battery. Gradually
-the infantry in front were drawn in until the line was held by
-little more than machine gun posts. The field guns took up positions
-behind and one woke up one night to the unusual sound of
-our own field artillery shells passing over our heads.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The G.O.C. paid the Battery a visit after a worse than usual
-“strafe,” but he found the men with their “tails up.” He said
-they were doing good work and that was why they were being kept
-in that position. Three distinct times was the B. C. confidentially
-warned that the attack was expected on the morrow and three times
-nothing unusual happened.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>March 21st passed and the Huns’ great attack which was to last
-nine terrible days commenced. It was to the south of us, and not
-till the 28th did it reach our neighborhood. But Arras remained
-firm, and there was no advance worth speaking about on our front.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>At 3 a.m. the enemy started shelling the Battery with gas. He
-attacked persistently with heavy gun fire till 12 noon and again in
-the afternoon. At night every half hour he put down bursts of
-harassing fire and concentrations, but the fire of the Battery was
-kept up in spite of it and gas. The next day the enemy continued
-his tactics; not a half hour but Battery, billets, roads and railway
-received his attention. Two of the signallers (Dickey and West)
-did noble work in repairing our telephone line, nearly a mile,
-through a regular barrage of high explosive and gas, their job
-being made more difficult by some defensive wire entanglements
-which had been recently placed over our line.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Now succeeded several months when the enemy’s chief energies
-were directed to other parts of the Front, and the British Army
-was recovering from its wounds, filling up its ranks and organizing
-for the coming glorious advance which was to end the war.
-During these months the Battery had positions at Souchez and
-Lievin, neither of these being pleasant spots, but where life was
-more or less normal; that is, daily and nightly tasks of firing, sometimes
-counter battery shoots, sometimes destructive shoots, or
-harassing fire, to all of which the Hun replied in kind. At Lievin
-he gave us two bad gas bombardments, but the results, had he
-known them, would have been bitterly disappointing to him, to such
-an extent had we been educated by this time in anti-gas measures.
-At Villers Cagnicourt Chère was some heavy firing and obstinate
-fighting before the enemy was driven across the Canal du Nord.
-At Barelle Wood the Battery was a day, and at Sauchy Lestree,
-during the fight for Cambrai, which was very severe, several days
-were spent. At this place the Huns’ night bombers were very
-active.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>But it was now moving warfare in earnest. Blecourt and
-Batigny were hot places for a day or two. At Marquette and
-Escaydain a night only was spent in each. Wavrechain-sous-Denain
-was easy. At Herin the Battery took part in the very fine
-artillery preparation for the taking of Valenciennes, and at St.
-Saulve on Nov. 4th it had its last casualty of one man killed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During all this moving warfare, conditions were a great contrast
-to the previous trench warfare. Guns sometimes took up
-positions in fields almost untouched by shell-fire. The laborious gun
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>pit was nearly unknown. The woods and trees were no longer shot
-to pieces, and occasionally one walked into billets to find cut flowers
-still fresh on the window sill, or table, left there by the retiring Hun
-the day before or by its civil occupants who had been forced to leave
-with him.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>9th CANADIAN SIEGE BATTERY.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Authority for organization. H.Q. 1–36–129. Names of original
-officers with rank: Major (Lieut.-Col.) S. A. Heward, Capt.
-H. R. N. Cobbett, Lieut. D. W. McKeen, Lieut. D. A. MacKenzie,
-Lieut. W. E. B. Starr, Lieut. C. B. Thackray, all of R.C.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Reinforcements: Lieut. E. S. Hoare, Lieut. H. R. Gunter, Lieut.
-R. Cruit, Capt. C. MacKay, Lieut. M. A. Wilson. Lieut. E. T.
-Chesley, Capt. J. E. Lean, Lieut. T. S. Millar, Lieut, W. A. F.
-Fairchild, Lieut. F. C. Harding, Capt. H. T. Seaman, Major W. G.
-Scully, all of C.G.A.; Lieut. Warren (Portuguese Interpreter);
-Lieut. P. Moyara, Portuguese troops; Lieut. J. C. Fraser, C.G.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Numerical strength: Officers, 6; W. O. and S. Sergeants, 8; other
-ranks, 144. Total all ranks, 158.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Date of sailing for Overseas: 27th September, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Date of return to Canada: May 9th, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Commissions: Gunners Young and S. Smith to R.O.C. training
-school for commissions.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Honors: Military Cross, 2: Dist. Conduct Medal, 2; M.S.M., 3:
-Military Medal, 13; mentioned in despatches, 3.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Total number of battle casualties: Officer, 1; other ranks, 67;
-total, 68.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER IV.<br /> <em>THE 10th SIEGE BATTERY.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The proposal to recruit a purely Nova Scotian Artillery Unit
-originated when four young officers had just completed their
-training with the Royal School of Artillery at Halifax.
-These young officers were: Lieuts. Wm. Henry L. Doane, 1st
-R.C.A.; Frederick H. Palmer, 1st R.C.A.; Robert Parker Freeman,
-1st R.C.A.; Robert Edward Jamieson, 1st R.C.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The proposal was laid before Major J. M. Slayter, R.C.A.,
-and after discussion he agreed to undertake to obtain the necessary
-authority and to take over, at any rate temporarily, the work of
-the Battery, if such was approved.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On August 1, 1916, authority was applied for from the General
-Officer Commanding Military District No. 6 for leave to raise a
-Battery of Siege in Halifax for service Overseas. On August 12,
-1916, the organization of No. 10 Draft Siege Artillery Battery was
-approved, and on October 1, 1916, authority was received from
-headquarters for the appointment of the following officers: Major
-J. M. Slayter, R.C.A. (in Command); Lieuts. Wm. H. L. Doane.
-1st R.C.A.; F. H. Palmer, 1st R.C.A.; R. P. Freeman, 1st R.C.A.;
-R. E. Jamieson, 1st R.C.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Barrack accommodation was found for the proposed Battery in
-South Barracks, and at once the work of active recruiting was
-taken up. By the end of November, 1916, the Battery was raised
-to a strength of eighty-five officers and men. Preliminary examinations
-were completed and as quickly as the men completed their
-preliminary training, they were passed on to Instructional Courses
-to qualify as Battery Commanders, Assistants, Signalling and
-Gun Laying, and all the various specialties that go to make up a
-Siege Battery. On December 11, 1916, Lieut. W. H. L. Doane
-was promoted to fill the vacancy of Captain in the Battery. This
-completed the establishment of officers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>In accordance with orders received on December 16, 1916, Lieut.
-Crosby and fifty other ranks were warned to hold themselves
-in readiness to proceed Overseas. They embarked on the
-<em>S.S. Scandinavian</em> on January 23, 1917. Recruiting continued
-steadily and on March 26, 1917, Capt. W. H. L. Doane with fifty
-other ranks proceeded Overseas on the <em>S.S. Missinabie</em>.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. F. H. Palmer being now the senior Lieutenant of the
-Battery was promoted to Captain, March 27, 1917. On April 12,
-1917, Lieut. M. B. Archibald, 1st R.C.S., and Lieut. R. D. Lacon,
-1st R.C.A., were appointed to the Battery. Lieut. R. P. Freeman
-and fifty other ranks were warned on May 17, 1917, to hold themselves
-in readiness to proceed Overseas. They sailed on the
-<em>Olympic</em> on the 28th of May.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On November 5, 1917, warning was received that three officers
-and two hundred N.C.O.’s and men would proceed Overseas. As
-the Military Service Act was now about to become law, organizations
-which had previously handled voluntary recruiting would
-now completely change their character. Ample man power being
-available, it would only be necessary to outfit and start preliminary
-training of men raised under the Act.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In view of this the Draft embarked for Overseas service on
-November 23, 1917, on the <em>S.S. Metagama</em>, consisting of Major
-J. M. Slayter, Captain Palmer and one hundred and fifty N.C.O.’s
-and men. Lieutenant Archibald and fifty other ranks proceeded
-Overseas on the <em>S.S. Olympic</em>. Lieutenant Lacon, and some forty
-men, the latest joined recruits, were left in Halifax to carry on the
-Depot under the Military Service Act.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As the personnel of the detachment who made up this
-sailing were of an exceptionally high character, and had had considerable
-training in specialties, it was hoped that they might be
-retained as a Battery for service Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On arrival at Witley, Surrey, England, it was found that there
-were such heavy demands for reinforcements for Batteries and
-Brigades already authorized, that it would be impossible to retain
-the organization as it landed at Witley. Specialists were sent for
-extra courses, and as these were completed were drafted very
-largely to the newly-formed 10th, 11th and 12th Siege Batteries,
-and to the 3rd Brigade of the C.G.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>The Depot of the 10th Siege Battery at Halifax continued under
-Major George Oland, with Lieutenant Lacon, Lieutenant McNair
-and Lieutenant Baird, sending forward drafts and having raised
-and equipped and sent forward some ten officers and about eight
-hundred N.C.O.’s and men. The Depot at Halifax was finally
-absorbed after the Armistice in the 6th Artillery Depot.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>These are the bare facts as taken from records, which do not
-signalize the splendid self-sacrificing work of such officers as
-Captains W. H. L. Doane, R. P. Freeman, F. H. Palmer, and
-R. E. Jamieson; and such N.C.O.’s as Jenkins, Fultz and Holmes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From beginning to end this Unit was marked by the high
-standard of the men that it drew, the remarkable lack of crime of
-even the pettiest sort, and the earnestness and whole-hearted
-manner in which all ranks endeavored to qualify themselves for
-their duties Overseas.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER V.<br /> <em>17th BATTERY (6th BATTERY, C.F.A.)</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>BY WILFRED HEARN SYDNEY.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c014'>The 17th Battery had the unique distinction of being the only
-combatant Militia Unit in Nova Scotia to be accepted as a
-Unit of the Canadian Expeditionary Force for service Overseas
-in the First Canadian Contingent. On the day that war was
-declared between Great Britain and Germany, the Department of
-Militia and Defence wired its acceptance of Lieut.-Colonel H. G.
-McLeod’s offer of the 17th Battery, C.F.A., as a Unit for service
-Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The mobilization of the Battery was purely a matter of selection,
-for many more than the required number applied for enlistment.
-On August 28, 1914, the Battery left Sydney with the full war
-strength of 141 officers and men, four guns and 123 horses. The
-trip to Valcartier was uneventful. Shortly after our arrival there
-we were disappointed to hear that the Unit would have to be split
-in order that the new war establishment of six-gun Batteries might
-be completed. The right section of the 17th was to be amalgamated
-with the 19th Battery from Moncton and Woodstock, while the left
-section went with the 21st Battery of Westmount, Montreal. Thus
-Major McLeod was to command the new 6th Battery, C.E.F., keeping
-with him Capt. J. Geo. Piercey, while Capt. J. A. MacDonald,
-our own “Johnnie Angus,” was lost to us, and went to the new
-5th Battery in the same Brigade.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The two weeks spent in Valcartier Camp were pleasant. The
-getting used to military routine, drill and ceremonials was not at
-that early date a hardship. The novelty had not even begun to
-wear off then. The reviews held by Sir Sam Hughes first and His
-Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught subsequently, had a certain
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>amount of pleasure for all of us, despite adverse weather conditions.
-Yet it was not without a certain degree of impatience that we
-awaited the word to set sail for England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Eventually, after many false alarms, the word came, and we
-donned full marching order to set out for Quebec and the waiting
-transports. What a memorable sight was that Armada congregated
-at Gaspe Bay! Thirty-three of our largest ocean greyhounds
-in full steam, ready and anxious to hasten to the assistance of our
-Mother Country in her hour of need. The order was signalled
-from the flagship to set out—last letters of farewell were hurried
-aboard waiting tenders, a lingering last look was taken at the
-shores of Canada, and the First Canadian Contingent bade farewell
-to the peaceful land of the Maple Leaf and set its gaze to the East
-where lay discord and strife.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Ocean trips generally are never very much out of the ordinary,
-and with the exception of one or two submarine scares, absolutely
-without foundation, we steamed our uneventful, out-of-the-way
-course to Merry England—and war. The monotony was relieved
-by routine, athletic competitions and musical entertainments. It
-was in the organization of the latter that the popular Canadian
-composer of present times, Gitz Rice, closely related to the Cape
-Breton Rices, Brent and Walter, first secured prominence in
-musical circles. However, if the trip was uninspiring, such could
-not be said of our reception at Plymouth. Bands playing, throngs
-cheering, the shores of the city blocked with thousands of people—England
-certainly did its duty that day in welcoming to its shores
-her Canadian sons.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Disembarkation lasted a week, but finally the “Old 17th” landed
-at Devonport and were soon en route for Salisbury Plains. Detrained
-at Amesbury we were greeted with a downpour of rain, and
-it was very little else we saw in the weather line during the whole
-of our stay on that historic plain. Mud, mud, mud, and then more
-mud; drill, drill, drill, and then more drill, sums up Salisbury
-Plains, relieved only by brief leaves to London and provincial
-towns. How we cursed the mud! Finally, however, we were
-moved into comfortable quarters at Urchfont, where we enjoyed
-real English hospitality and good cheer. Even the Plains had its
-pleasant side, though. Our first Christmas away from home was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>spent there, and royally did Major McLeod and his fellow officers
-endeavor to give us a real Christmas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>We spent about a month at Urchfont before the call came for
-which we had been impatiently waiting. On February 8th, 1915,
-we left for France. Embarking at Avonmouth we set out for the
-scene of war. The Allies at that time were being pressed from all
-sides. The Bases of Calais, Boulogne, and Rouen were seriously
-threatened. So it was to St. Nazair, a port in the Bay of Biscay,
-that the Canadians were sent. On February 13th we first set foot
-in France; on the 16th we detrained within hearing of the guns, at
-Hazebrouck, marching further in to billets at Borre.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From Borre the 6th Battery moved up into action and took its
-first position at Fleurbaix on March 1st. The first round was fired
-into the German front line by Captain Tom Kitchen, then Bombardier,
-and we took it as a good omen that the second round was
-observed to have sent our enemy’s field kitchen skyward. While
-at Fleurbaix the Battery played its part in the mix-up of March
-10th at Neuve Chapelle, and it was in this same position we underwent
-our baptism of fire—fortunately with no serious casualties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On March 29th, the Brigade to which the 6th Battery was
-attached, was withdrawn to rest—billets at Watou. It was here, on
-Easter Sunday, that the first intimation of the hardship and danger
-to be expected at Ypres was given us by our Commanding Officer,
-Col. J. J. Creelman. The Easter Service was conducted by Rev.
-Canon Almon, and a feeling of intensity was apparent as he
-impressed upon us the sad fact, that of those who heard him that
-day, many would, before long, make that greatest sacrifice. And so
-indeed it proved. Yet when, on April 18th, we first caught a
-glimpse of the city of Ypres, then with a population of about twenty
-thousand, with its shops, estaminets and business places generally
-in full swing, it was hard indeed for us to believe that our padre
-could be correct. Little did we foresee that in four short days this
-city, beautiful, even after its first bombardment, would be a mass
-of ruins, its population fleeing to safety with a miserable handful
-of personal belongings, its Cathedral and historic Cloth Hall and
-invaluable treasures forever lost to posterity. Yet such was to
-happen.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>The bombardment of the Second Battle of Ypres commenced on
-the 21st, and on the 22nd the Hun let loose his devilish fumes of
-poison gas. The French to our left fell back, exposing our flank,
-leaving a gap of over a mile. Our own boys held, but at what a
-price! Reinforcements from our own reserves were hurriedly sent
-up, and all that was left of our First Division was spread over the
-whole of a three-mile front. But they held on for that day and the
-next. On the 23rd, from our position near St. Julien, we took
-part in what I firmly believe to have been the most dramatic action
-that the Battery was engaged in during its stay in France and
-Flanders. Our infantry had fallen back to reform for a counter-attack.
-The enemy advanced after them at a range of about 1,200
-yards from our guns. Two of our latter were immediately switched
-to the left at an angle of 45° from their original line of fire. The
-remaining two were galloped over clear country under heavy shell
-fire to take up a new position.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>With approximately only 100 rounds of ammunition, exposed to
-the heaviest shell fire, we waited until the enemy were sufficiently
-advanced to come under our “open sights” so that every round
-might count. So on they came until 600 yards separated us. The
-order came for us to retire. This Major McLeod ignored, but
-instead gave the word to open fire. The 7th Battalion charged at
-the same time, with the remnants of the Kilty Brigade. Round
-after round we poured into the still oncoming enemy until at last
-they were held and finally swept back through Langemarck wood.
-Three new positions were taken up by the Battery that night, and
-finally we were settled at Indian Hill, near Wieltje, and to the side
-of Potijze. What a hell-hole it was! Our casualties were fast
-mounting up, both among the personnel and horses, and unfortunately
-a number of these were deaths. On May 1st we took up
-a position on the banks of the Yser Canal, and remained there until
-the Division was withdrawn for reorganization at Hinges.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On May 19th we were again, as part of the “Flying 7th
-Division” hustled into hot action at Festubert, and in the following
-month at Givenchy. It was at the latter place that a gun from the
-6th Battery was placed in action in the front line trench, a “stunt”
-subsequently acknowledged by the General Officer Commanding.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>From the “Orchard Position” at Givenchy the Old 17th was sent
-into action at Neuve Eglise, where for a long time they enjoyed
-comparative peace, with only occasional casualties, and nothing
-more than “raiding” work, which was first commenced on this
-front, to relieve the monotony. It was while here that the 2nd and
-3rd Divisions came over and the Canadians became an Army Corps.
-It was here, too, that we lost our Major.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_035.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LT.-COL. G. H. MCLEOD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major McLeod was of the type of
-officer most beloved by the Canadian rank
-and file. Quick, alert, a thoroughly skilled
-Artillery Officer, he surely would have
-forced early recognition from headquarters
-had he been spared to attain it. Terrible
-was the blow to his “boys,” when his
-body was found in a small pond not many
-rods from the gun position. His was not
-even the glory of the death from bullet or
-shrapnel. Yet his duty had been well done,
-to his God, to his country, to his fellow
-officers and men. This brief outline of the
-Old 17th would be even more inadequate were the writer to omit this
-humble tribute to a dear friend and beloved Commanding Officer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Christmas, 1915, was spent at Neuve Eglise, and again we had
-to thank our officers for providing the usual Christmas trimmings.
-Conditions were not as they had been in England, and, unfortunately,
-many of the old faces were missing. Such were the
-fortunes of war, and we who had been raw recruits one short year
-before were beginning to look at things as philosophic veterans.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the latter part of January the Battery was withdrawn to
-Caestre for a brief rest, being relieved by one of the Units of the
-2nd Division. Early in February we went to Lederzeele, and
-about March 20th found ourselves in action once more at Neuve
-Eglise. Just about this time rumors, hitherto vague, became more
-certain that the Battery was once more to move Ypresward.
-Rumor became a definite fact on April 4th, and we found ourselves
-in position at Railway dugouts, a trifle to the south of Ypres City.
-Here we remained in complete quiet until the 20th, when in the
-Hill 60 scrap we received our first taste of gas shells.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>It was during the month of May that the organization of three
-Howitzer Batteries was undertaken and sub-sections from all the
-Batteries in the Division were utilized to form these Batteries, and
-subsection “C” was separated from the 6th to help form the
-D, 48th Battery of 4.5’s. The complete organization of this
-Battery had not been consummated before the German hordes again
-attacked in force, this time at Soisele Hill and Sanctuary Wood.
-All sub-sections reported back to their own Batteries for duty, and
-the 6th Battery again played its important part in the Third Battle of
-Ypres. On the morning of June 13th the Canadians counter-attacked
-and regained the ground lost in the 2nd of June scrap.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The remainder of the month of June was passed quietly in the
-Ypres Salient, as was also the month of July, with the exception of
-a little excitement at “The Dump.” About the middle of August
-the Battery went into billets for rest and tactical drill at Polin Cove
-and on the 26th entrained at Audruicq for the Somme.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On detraining at Aix la Chateau on the 27th, the Battery, after
-one day’s forced march, went into action at Mesnel on the 28th.
-On September 3rd the Old 17th supported the attack of an Imperial
-Corps on Thiepval, which was unsuccessful. We then moved into
-position at La Boiselle on ground won from the enemy during the
-fighting there in the early part of July. Glad we were to see at
-long last ground won from the Hun. Seemingly we were now
-engaged in driving him back, steadily and surely. The Germans
-were retreating—the end of the war was in sight—so we thought.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On September 15th the attack on Courcellette was commenced.
-Who of us that were there can easily forget the glory of that early
-sunlit September morning! The writer was fortunate enough to be
-one of a party of Artillery Signallers to “go over” with the second
-“wave” of infantry and was forward when the signal—dropped
-from one of our air craft—came to advance. The intensity of the
-bombardment was overwhelming. It was impossible to hear the
-loudest shout of the man adjoining you. We were all frantic—cheering,
-yelling, jumping up and down in our excitement. It was
-pandemonium let loose with a vengeance—and we were winning.
-We were advancing. The Sugar Refinery was reached and our
-Battery was advanced. Courcellette was taken by the 25th and 26th
-Battalions—and again we were moved forward until we were
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>practically within two hundred yards of where the German front
-line had been on the morning of the 15th. This position—Pozieres
-Wood—had been won by the Australians at a terrible cost some
-weeks before.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From the 15th until the 26th of September we were kept busy
-consolidating the ground won from the enemy. On the 26th we
-were again called upon to take part in a glorious action which won
-Thiepval for us. We were also successful in our first attack on
-Regina Trench. Such heavy action was not successfully won without
-our paying the price, however, and the 6th Battery of October,
-1916, little resembled the Old 17th that left Valcartier in September,
-1914. Heavy had been the toll of lives and casualties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was on October 20th that the last remaining gun brought
-from Sydney, was condemned after firing 20,010 rounds of ammunition.
-From this on, the writer (having been wounded at the
-Somme sufficiently to keep him out of action for the remainder of
-the war) must depend, not on personal observation, but on information
-derived from divers sources.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in November Desire Support Trench was taken, and a
-little later on in the same month our wagon lines were again
-situated at Albert. The march along Bouzincourt, Varennes,
-Raincheva, Frevent, St. Pol, St. Michel and Marquay was uneventful.
-On the 30th the Battery stopped at Pernes, for a well-earned
-rest. Our 1916 Christmas dinner was held here, and mighty
-well was it celebrated. On January 6th we started out for Bruay,
-Ruitz, Hersin to Fosse 10 and finally into action at Bully Grenay.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On February 13th the first landing of the Canadians in France
-was suitably celebrated at noon, by the firing of “Battery cheers”
-and “Brigade cheers.” From then on is merely a series of names,
-Hersin Wagon Lines, Maisnil-les-Ruitz, Camblain l’Abbe, until the
-E2 position behind Neuville St. Vaast. On the 25th the Battery
-was again changed from a four to a six-gun Unit. From Neuville
-St. Vaast the Old 17th went to Vimy. Who will forget Bentata
-Tunnel? Who will forget the morning of the 13th when two
-guns of the old Battery went to form the composite Battery at
-Bois Carre, to the right of Thelus? On the night of the 16th the
-Battery went over the Ridge, and from there on the story of the
-6th is the same as that of the other Nova Scotia Units that took
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>part at Vimy. From Vimy to late in July was uneventful. On
-the 22nd of that month our wagon lines were established at Les
-Brebis. On the 23rd we went into action behind Loos Crassier.
-Things remained quiet until August 15th when the Hill 70 scrap
-for Lens commenced. On September 9th we were at Lievin, and
-remained in that vicinity for about one month.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Around October 1st a move was made to Boyeffles, where the
-wagon line was established. On the 6th the Battery took up a
-position behind the cemetery at Lievin, where we remained for
-some time. On the 24th of October we were again en route for
-Ypres, our old hunting ground, via Bethune, Morbecque and Godewaersvelde.
-On the 29th our wagon lines were settled at a spot
-just south of St. Julien, and on the 1st of November we took up a
-position, which shall ever be consecrated in memory of our First
-Canadian Contingent, for the Passchendaele show. On the 23rd
-we were again en route south, via Bailleul, Strazeele, Haverskerque
-and Vendin-les-Bethune. On November 26th the Battery was again
-at the Old Lievin cemetery. Christmas Day, 1917, was celebrated
-at Haillicourt.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On January 24th the Battery took up a position behind Loos
-Crassier, where they remained in comparative quietness until March
-22nd, when a new position behind the double Crassier was taken.
-On the 29th we went into action at Ronville Dump between Arras
-and Achicourt, and from there to the Old Mill at Achicourt on
-April 1st. On the 8th we were out at Anzin, on the 9th at
-Musketry Valley position, in front of St. Laurent Blangy. The
-Battery was withdrawn for rest at Hermanville on May 25th, and
-on June 1st was inspected with the other Batteries in the Brigade
-by the Corps Commander. On the 10th Divisional Sports were
-held, in which the old Battery won its quota of prizes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On July 15th we went into action at St. Laurent Blangy, and
-on the 24th were back again at Achicourt—Old Windmill position.
-August the 1st saw the Unit at Berlincourt, and on the 3rd they
-entrained at Frevent for Amiens. We detrained the following day
-at Prouzel and left for Bois de Boves. On August 5th we took up
-a position at Bois de Gentelles, and on the 8th took part in the
-“kick off” for the Amiens show with a night position in front of
-Cayeux. From the 9th until the 16th is simply a sequence of names
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>that spells the hardest action; Caix Valley, Warvillers, Le Quesnoy,
-Warvillers. On August 21st the Battery was en route back to
-Saleux, via Cayeux, Domart and Boves Wood, where they entrained
-for Aubigny and Dainville Wood.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The “kick off” for the Drocourt-Queant line came on September
-2nd. On the 3rd our position was taken up just east of
-Villers Cagnicourt, and on the 6th the 6th Battery was at Bainville
-on rest, where they remained for about three weeks. On the 26th
-the Battery went into action at Buissy, and on the 27th took part in
-the attack on Canal du Nord and Cambrai. The Old 17th had the
-honor to be the first Battery to cross the Canal at Inchy, and
-immediately after took up position just east of the Canal beyond
-Inchy.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>October was merely a repetition of names. The Battery took
-part in the general rout of the enemy, until November 7th found
-them at Crespin, in action for the last time. On November the
-10th the last round was fired from the Battery in this position by
-Gunner Malcolm MacDonald of “B” subsection, the very same
-subsection that fired the first round on March 1, 1915.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At 11 a.m. of November 11th hostilities ceased and the fighting
-was finished. The “Old 17th,” however, marched into Germany
-as part of the Army of Occupation and completed the work that
-the original had set out to do. Very few, however, of the original
-members were left by that time. Yet those of us, who were unable
-to share in the glorious hour of Victory, were recompensed by
-knowing that our successors nobly carried on in our places equally
-as well as, if not better than, we ourselves could have done. The
-Battery embarked at Southampton on <em>S.S. Olympic</em>, and arrived at
-Halifax on April 21, 1919. It was demobilized the same day and
-consequently its home city, Sydney, was deprived of the pleasure of
-welcoming it as a Unit.</p>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='4'>CASUALTIES.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Officers:</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Killed</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Died</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>7</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Other ranks:</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Killed</td>
-    <td class='c008'>19</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Died of wounds</td>
-    <td class='c008'>13</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Died</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>34</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>41</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='2'><span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span></td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>HONORS AND AWARDS.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>10</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>28</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Bar to M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.S.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Croix de Guerre</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Despatches</td>
-    <td class='c017'>12</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER VI.<br /> <em>23rd AND 24th FIELD BATTERIES.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_041.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LT.-COL. T. M. SEELEY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>In November, 1914, Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley, of Yarmouth, N.S.
-(O.C. 11th Brigade, C.F.A.), was commissioned to organize the
-23rd Battery of Field Artillery, to represent the Maritime
-Provinces in the 6th Artillery Brigade, C.E.F. The temporary
-headquarters were at Fredericton, N.B., but recruits were to be
-drawn from any part of the Maritime Provinces. Many were
-furnished by the 3rd, 4th and 11th
-Brigades of the Militia Artillery. An
-important factor in the new Unit was
-a group of twenty-five or thirty students
-who joined from the University of New
-Brunswick and other universities.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The recruiting proceeded at such a
-rate that Lieut.-Col. Seeley soon found
-himself with fifty or sixty men over
-strength. He appealed to headquarters
-for authority to have a second Battery
-formed, which was granted. Lieut.-Col.
-B. A. Ingraham, R.O., of Sydney, C.B.,
-was commissioned to organize the 24th Battery, also at Fredericton.
-He took over the surplus from the 23rd, and in addition
-brought a large detachment of fine men from Cape Breton.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>These Batteries trained side by side until February 18, 1915,
-when they were mobilized with the 21st Battery of Kingston and
-the 22nd Battery of Montreal, and sent Overseas February 22nd
-on <em>S.S. Megantic</em>, under Lieut.-Col. E. W. Rathburn.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Mayor of Fredericton, the Premier of New Brunswick, the
-Earl and Countess of Ashburnham, and the citizens generally were
-very kind to the artillerymen during their sojourn in Fredericton.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>Just previous to sailing there were several changes made in the
-personnel of the officers. Lieut.-Colonel Seeley was detailed to
-organization duty in Canada, and Major J. K. MacKay was placed in
-command of the 23rd Battery. On sailing the staff was: Major
-MacKay, O.C.; Capt. E. A. Chisholm; Lieuts. J. E. Read and
-J. N. McEachern. The Staff of the 24th Battery was: Lieut.-Colonel
-Ingraham, O.C.; Capt. A. T. MacKay (of P.E.I.); Lieuts.
-G. St. C. A. Perrin and O. Mowatt.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Arriving in England the Batteries received a brief training at
-Shorncliffe, after which they were drafted to the Second Brigade,
-C.F.A., and Divisional Ammunition Column in France. A large
-proportion of the N.C.O.’s and men of these Batteries won commissions
-and distinctions on the field.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER VII.<br /> <em>THE 36th BATTERY, C.F.A.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>BY MAJOR D. A. MACKINNON, D.S.O.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_043.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MAJ. D. A. MACKINNON D. S. O.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c014'>The 36th Battery was formed in Sydney in September, 1915,
-Major Walter Crowe being the organizer and leading spirit
-in it. The rush of applications for positions in the Battery
-was so great that over one hundred had to be turned away. Major
-Crowe selected his men with great care; and the subsequent
-achievements of the Battery is evidence that his judgment was
-good. To Major Crowe must be given
-a great deal of credit for the splendid
-record which the Battery achieved Overseas.
-He remained with it as its Commanding
-Officer and supervised nearly
-all its early training, took it Overseas in
-March, 1916, but on account of being
-very much over age could not accompany
-the Battery to France; so the
-command was given to Major D. A.
-MacKinnon, of Charlottetown, P.E.I.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battery arrived in France on
-July 14th, 1916, and was almost immediately
-placed in action on the Ypres Salient, which was a very
-“hot” spot. They were in action only twenty-four hours when they
-received quite a heavy shelling from the enemy. They remained in
-this position for about a month, firing day and night, and their quick
-response to all calls from the infantry was remarked upon. The
-next move was to Kemmel, which was a nice quiet spot, and the
-boys enjoyed themselves very much while in that vicinity. Early
-in October the march for the Somme commenced. It occupied a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>week; and about the 12th of October the Battery went into action
-about one thousand yards in the rear of Courcellette. They received
-considerable shelling but returned one hundred rounds for every
-one they got. After the Battle of Regina Trench they moved
-forward in front of Martinpuich, with the expectation of another
-great battle which never materialized. While in this position they
-were constantly shelled, the discomforts were terrible, mud and
-rain preventing any kind of decent accommodation; but the gunners
-were better off than the drivers at the wagon lines; there the mud
-was two feet deep, and the trials and sufferings almost unendurable.
-Nearly all the ammunition had to be carried to the guns by packing
-it on horses’ and mules’ backs, taking it up over trails, inasmuch as
-the roads were death traps, on account of enemy fire. Notwithstanding
-this the Battery kept up its reputation for activity, having
-fired on several occasions well over one thousand rounds in a few
-hours. They were highly complimented for their splendid concealment
-and for the brave way in which they carried on under very
-discouraging difficulties. On the 20th of November the Division
-pulled out of the Somme, greatly to the relief of all.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A week’s tramp to the Ecuri Front commenced, the first two
-days being teeming rain and bitter cold. It was during this march
-that Sergt. Sam Wilson, one of the most popular men in the
-Battery, contracted pneumonia and died in a few days, mourned by
-all. During the following months the Battery stayed in position
-doing garrison duty, but in February they were forced to leave
-and made three shifts of positions in three days. The bitter cold,
-it being the coldest winter in forty years, and the shortage of fodder
-for the horses, coupled with the hard work which so much moving
-entailed, caused the death of a great many horses and mules. The
-hardships of the drivers were also particularly severe, shelter was
-at a premium, and the winter of 1916 and 1917 will ever remain as
-a very disagreeable memory.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in March preparations commenced for the Battle of Vimy
-Ridge, the drivers being constantly employed at night hauling vast
-quantities of ammunition to forward points. The month was very
-rainy with high winds, and all night the men would be exposed to
-the rain and winds and return at daybreak tired and exhausted,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>cold and wet to the skin. The sufferings which they experienced
-that winter, and the grim determination with which they carried
-through their duties will never be forgotten. On the 25th of March
-the 36th was changed to a six-gun Battery, absorbing one-half of
-the 29th Battery. It was a splendid consolidation, the newcomers
-proving very excellent gunners and drivers, and brave men. About
-the 1st of April, 1917, the Battery moved forward to a little
-hollow near the Arras road, facing Vimy Ridge. Rude pits had
-to be constructed for the guns, and these they soon fashioned into
-a home for the Battery. The Batteries were as thick as flies in
-this hollow, and we had neighbors on all sides of us. The 2nd of
-April saw everybody registering on targets in the enemy lines, and
-one had almost to crawl about to prevent being hit by our own guns.
-As the enemy had observation of this position they very quickly
-began to use it, shelling the area with gas and high explosives. It
-was a most uncomfortable position, and had the battle been delayed
-a few days longer and the enemy been given a chance to get more
-heavy artillery, there is no doubt that they would have given us a
-bad time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battle of Vimy Ridge started at 5 o’clock, April 9th. It was
-the biggest battle we had ever been engaged in, and every one was
-quite interested to see how it would pan out. It was a great success,
-and we quickly got orders to move our position forward so as to be
-able to range on the retreating enemy. This was accomplished very
-speedily. The battle practically ended on April 10th, and no
-further move was made forward. On the 14th we took our guns
-down into the village of Vimy being, we believed, one of the first
-Batteries to enter that much shelled village. We were lucky in getting
-in and lucky in getting our teams out, as the roads were shelled
-most terrifically. It was three weeks after that before we could
-bring a wagon of any description down the roads to the Battery.
-All ammunition and supplies had to be brought on pack horses and
-mules along trails leading over the ridges, but by the exercise of
-great care they managed to keep up our ammunition supplies and
-prevent casualties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first two weeks which followed in our position were memorable
-for the amount of gas which the enemy hurled at us. We
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>wore our masks practically all night. Thanks to a sufficient gas
-drill and gas protection our casualties were slight. With the energy
-and resource which characterized our boys they set to work and
-built a position which was the envy of all. It was so constructed
-that it was impossible to detect it by aeroplane or other observation.
-Speaking tubes connected all the gun-pits with the command post,
-and each pit had a tunnel leading into the other; so that if one was
-severely bombarded, an escape could be made through the other.
-The walls of the pits were nicely decorated with captured German
-material, and the appearance was such as to strike an inspecting
-officer most favorably. The greatest attention was paid to
-strengthening each defence, as the shelling was intense both by day
-and night. It was lucky that all these precautions were taken; for
-on the 24th of June, just as the Battery had completed firing a trial
-barrage, the enemy opened up with four batteries of heavy artillery.
-The bombardment was terrific, and almost all varieties of shell
-were used, including armor-piercing shell, which went down ten
-feet in the ground and then exploded. It was marvelous that there
-was anything left of the Battery, the whole position was covered
-with shell holes. One of the shells passed through the shelter in
-which Corpl. John McVicar, of Sydney, was with his gun detachment.
-The shock instantly killed Corporal McVicar and dazed some
-of the others. At the same time others had become casualties. The
-day will be long remembered as one which inflicted great sorrow on
-the remaining members of the Battery. While we were in this
-position Corporal Jack and Gunner Wheatley were also wounded,
-and there were several regrettable casualties among the drivers at
-the wagon lines.</p>
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>
-<img src='images/i_047.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. F. H. TINGLEY, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in July the Battery moved to a forward position near
-Vimy and, while there, was subjected to another terrific bombardment
-in which they had nearly one thousand rounds of ammunition
-destroyed. Several of the officers had close calls, and those who
-are alive will never forget the experience. About the 31st of July
-the Battery moved to Hill 70, and took up a position behind the
-double crassier. They constructed a good position in a very short
-time. The place was alive with Canadian Field Batteries, and it
-did not take the Hun long to discover the fact. Nearly all the
-Batteries were silent; that is, they were not to do any firing until
-a battle commenced, but the 36th and a few others were selected to
-do all the firing, including the heavy task of demolishing the wire
-in the German trenches, so that our infantry could get through.
-This the Battery did to the entire satisfaction of the infantry,
-although it was at quite a heavy cost to themselves, as they were
-constantly shelled day and night, and the
-position was a most trying one. The
-battle, which took place about the 14th
-of August, was one of the bloodiest of
-the whole war. The Hill was the key to
-Lens, and the Hun determined to retake
-it at all costs. In one day there were
-fourteen counter attacks made by the
-Hun, and on every occasion the field
-artillery responded, instantly killing
-many thousands of Germans. The work
-of the 36th throughout this engagement
-was commented on and needs no mention
-here. In one day they brought up from the ammunition dump
-and fired over five thousand rounds of ammunition. For two weeks
-the gunners had practically no rest, while the drivers that could be
-spared from the wagon lines came up and assisted in getting
-ammunition ready. So active had the Battery become that the
-Hun determined to destroy it and made several attempts but without
-success. However on the night of the 24th of August, while
-the Battery was firing an S.O.S., in response to a call from the
-infantry, they were subjected to a very intense shelling with a new
-gas, afterwards known as mustard gas. This gas is very much of
-the nature of sulphuric acid, and the burns made by it are very
-similar. In a short time several men were struck by the shells,
-some wounded and some killed; others going to the assistance of
-their suffering comrades got the gas on their hands and were
-terribly burned. It was an awful night, and some very gallant deeds
-were done. The returns next day showed three killed, three officers
-and twenty-five others gassed. Some of the men who were gassed
-on that occasion never recovered from it. The effects will be with
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>them as long as they live. It was a very bad night for the Canadian
-Artillery. Other Batteries suffered, some even more severely,
-but they received unstinted praise for the gallant way they stuck
-to their guns. Besides the above, the Battery suffered a great many
-other casualties while in the Hill 70 Sector. In addition to Lieutenants
-Teed and Fleet being gassed, Lieutenant Longworth was
-severely wounded. On the night of the 29th of August we were
-relieved by a British Battery, but the relief could not be completed
-in quiet, the Hun shelling the position very severely with gas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>We were all pleased to leave that vicinity, and our next position
-was on the Vimy Front, which was nice and quiet; and everybody
-had a very pleasant time until the 10th of October, when the
-Canadian Corps marched to Passchendaele, a trek that was undertaken
-with anything but light hearts, for its reputation as a death
-trap was known to all. On the 21st of October we took over
-from an English Battery, who were in a very bad way, having been
-practically shot to pieces. Everything was in very bad shape, only
-two guns being in action; but with great courage the boys set to
-work and very soon had the best position in the Salient. They
-protected their guns and themselves by the use of sand bags; and
-in that way saved many valuable lives. Conditions were such as
-to be almost impossible of description. The mud was up to one’s
-knees, and the place seemed to be nothing but shell holes filled with
-water. The enemy had perfect observation on us from the village
-of Passchendaele. On the 24th of October we registered our guns
-on its church, and the battle started on the 26th. During the
-progress of the battle we were severely shelled, Gunner Ira
-Stewart, of Charlottetown, being instantly killed. All the gunners
-carried on very heroically notwithstanding the shelling, and the day
-ended with a great victory for the Canadians.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A few days later we had moved forward to a position in front
-of Kansas Cross, and in a short time had prepared a very fine
-position considering the materials at hand. The artillery programme
-was a very extensive one, firing starting at 5 o’clock in the morning
-and continuing at intervals several times through the day and night.
-The daily expenditure of the Battery ran well over one thousand
-rounds, and this had to be transported by pack mules a distance of
-eight miles from the ammunition dump. While on their way to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>the guns they were subjected to scattered shelling and to bombing
-by overhead planes. At night they got no rest either at the guns,
-or the wagon lines, heavy bombing planes circling over the area
-and dropping their contents indiscriminately. The casualties of
-the Canadians in these terrible battles are well known, their sufferings
-are beyond description. No words of mine can adequately
-portray the courage, fortitude, cheerfulness and devotion to duty
-exemplified by the officers and men of the 36th Battery in the
-terrible battles which culminated in the capture of Passchendaele
-Ridge. Among the officers it would be unfair to particularize, for
-all did their part nobly; but I believe that I could speak of Lieut.
-Andrew Livingstone’s three weeks’ experience as a forward officer
-as being the most awful of the lot. Words could not picture the
-things he saw and what he went through. To Lieut. Chas. Shrieve,
-of Digby, I always gave the greatest credit for the resourcefulness
-he displayed in building the positions. For his gallant conduct he
-was awarded the Military Cross. Lieutenant Teed had previously
-received the same decoration for similar conduct at Hill 70.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the 14th of November the most awful experience the Battery
-ever had was encountered. The night before the enemy had
-attempted a counter attack but the signal from the infantry had
-met with such instant response from the field artillery that his ranks
-were practically decimated. In retaliation he turned every gun he
-could command on the Batteries of field artillery in front of Kansas
-Cross. There were probably twenty English and Canadian Batteries
-within an area of three hundred yards; and on these at 1.30
-in the afternoon was placed a bombardment that for intensity has
-probably never been excelled. Guns and ammunition were blown
-up at every volley, one entire Battery being wiped out, with all its
-personnel. The 36th received their share of the shelling, their
-dugouts being blown up and the gunners and officers buried beneath
-them. They had, however, suffered very few casualties considering
-the terrible ordeal passed through; but those who were placed at
-the guns on that day will never forget the experience.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the 21st of November they moved out of Passchendaele,
-the Hun shelling the position just as they were leaving, and the
-succeeding Battery being practically annihilated within a few days.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>A period of recuperation ensued, which did much to recover the
-morale of the Battery. In January they moved down into the Vimy
-Front, suffering the ordinary run of casualties, but without any
-very serious troubles. On the 21st of March, 1918, the Hun put
-on his famous offensive, and it was feared that he would attempt
-to take Vimy Ridge. As there was very little chance of getting
-the guns out if he broke through our infantry lines, it was decided
-to move the Batteries from the plain to the top of the Ridge, where
-they were put for defensive purposes. The 36th Battery was
-selected as a sacrifice Battery and were left in their position in front
-of Vimy. Their task was to harass the enemy as much as possible,
-their daily expenditure of ammunition running from a thousand to
-two thousand rounds. This activity of one Battery did not escape
-the alert attention of the Hun; and on the 28th of March, when he
-made his famous attack on Arras, a little to the south of Vimy, he
-took on the 36th Battery in great style. In three hours it was
-estimated by observers on the Ridge that over two thousand-rounds
-were fired into the Battery. Guns and dugouts were blown up and
-a tremendous lot of damage done. Some brave deeds were carried
-out by members of the Battery, and among the decorations received
-for this affair were Military Medals by Sergeant Cashen, of Sydney,
-and Signaller MacKenzie and Bombardier Peter Laforte. All the
-members of the Battery acted most heroically. That night orders
-were given to retire the Battery from this untenable position, and
-in the new one they carried on with much more comfort.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About the 1st of May the Battery went into training for open
-warfare, and remained in training until July when they went into
-the line for a few weeks. On the 28th of July they were drawn
-from the line, and on the first of August started on the famous
-march to Amiens. The greatest secrecy was maintained regarding
-the destination of the Canadians, and it was not until the night of
-the 4th of August that we knew our destination. The nights of the
-5th, 6th and 7th were utilized in bringing up thousands of rounds
-of ammunition and getting ready for the big battle which started
-on the 8th. The Battle of Amiens was the hand-writing on the
-wall, so General Ludendorff has told us. On that day the 36th Battery
-occupied six positions, giving the most splendid aid to our glorious
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>infantry. At half past four in the afternoon a German aeroplane
-swooped down on the Battery and killed several horses, wounded
-some of the men and Lieutenant Manning. The casualties would
-have been greater but for the bravery and coolness of the machine
-gunners, who poured a constant volley into the Hun and actually
-killed him, his plane crashing in a few minutes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battle of Amiens continued for several days with constant
-advances. On the night of the 13th we were ordered to place
-three thousand rounds of ammunition in an advanced position for
-another Battery. Sergt. J. W. Boutillier was given charge of the
-unloading. While waiting for the arrival of the ammunition his
-party was subjected to heavy shell fire. Sergeant Boutillier and
-Sergeant Swift were killed and several others were wounded.
-Sergeant Boutillier was one of the most outstanding men in the
-entire Battery and his loss was very keenly felt. For his bravery
-on this occasion Corpl. A. J. McGillivary was awarded the Croix
-de Guerre.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_052.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. D. L. TEED, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the 19th of August the Battery started on its march for the
-Battle of Arras, arriving at Arras on the night of the 23rd of
-August and going into position that same night. The night of the
-24th was utilized in bringing up ammunition. On the 25th they
-rested. On the morning of the 26th the famous Battle of Arras
-opened. It was a day full of stirring incidents, the 36th Battery
-suffered severe casualties. The following days were very busy,
-the Battery constantly moving into new positions, shelling the
-enemy, and being shelled in return. On the morning of September
-1st orders were received to cut wire on the Hindenburg line, and
-to expend upwards of four thousand rounds for that purpose.
-The position which the 36th Battery occupied was a very exposed
-one, and under observation by balloons and other means. The
-Battery had about completed one task when the enemy started to
-shell us very severely. At first the rounds fell short. Lieutenant
-Teed was at the telephone, and thinking that I did not receive the
-orders at the guns ran down to shout an order to No. 2 gun in charge
-of Sergeant McKay. Just as he got there an enemy shell landed,
-instantly killing Sergeant McKay, Gunner John Cornfoot and Lieutenant
-Teed. These were three of our very best, and the blow was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>one of the saddest in the 36th Battery’s whole experience. Lieut.
-Lionel Teed was from St. John, and had been with the Battery
-from its commencement. He was a brave officer, an extremely
-clever one, and loved by all. Sergeant McKay and Jack Cornfoot
-were also very popular. The wire cutting was completed. Notwithstanding
-the shelling the brave boys of the 36th carried
-on as though nothing had happened.
-The battle which took place the next
-day broke the Hindenburg line, the
-strongest trench fortification ever utilized
-in warfare.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A succession of moves forward was
-then made. The Batteries kept close
-behind the infantry in their pursuit of
-the Hun. On the 14th a halt was made,
-and the Batteries transferred to another
-section of the Front. They took up a
-position in the village of Sudemont,
-which was a very “hot” place, being
-almost constantly under shell fire. A number of casualties occurred
-when we were in this position, notably Corpl. John McSween, who
-lost a leg, and Sergeant Philpott and others. On the 17th the
-Battery started for the Battle of Cambrai, arriving in that sector on
-the evening of the 18th. The nights of the 19th and 20th were used
-in bringing up ammunition to a position in the little town of Inchy,
-where a battery position had been selected. The ammunition could
-only be drawn up under the greatest difficulties, for the roads were
-under heavy shell fire. Some very gallant deeds were done by the
-drivers and those in charge of them. For one particularly gallant
-exploit Corpl. A. Morrison received the D.C.M.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_053.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. CHAS. D. SHRIEVE, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The morning of the 21st was beautiful and the battle was
-wonderfully successful. Before ten o’clock thousands of yards of
-enemy territory had been penetrated and Bourlon Wood captured.
-The enemy field artillery recovered and shelled us vigorously, and
-we suffered several casualties. The battle continued for several
-days, with constant gain of territory for us. On the night of the
-28th, while Lieutenant Livingstone was unloading ammunition, his
-drivers and the gunners were subjected to heavy shell fire and we
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>had many regrettable casualties; among the drivers, Frank Hughes,
-of Charlottetown, and Driver George McDonald, of Sydney.
-George was one of the most wonderful guides in France, and his
-loss was a severe one. The next few days saw several moves of
-positions, and on the 5th of October the 36th Battery was in a
-position at Raillencourt. On the evening of October 7th orders
-were issued for the Battery to move up
-to a position in the rear of St. Olle.
-The six guns with ammunition and
-ammunition wagons arrived at the position
-and were starting to unlimber when
-a volley of German shells landed directly
-in them. The casualties were terrific,
-over 50 per cent. of those present being
-killed or wounded together with twenty
-horses. The whole thing occupied only
-a few minutes, but it saddened a great
-many hearts. Lieut. Chas. Shrieve was
-shot through the chest and died instantly.
-Captain Craig was severely wounded through the hip. Lieutenant
-Livingstone was wounded in two places and his ankle broken.
-Twenty-eight N.C.O.’s and men were killed or wounded. Among
-the killed was the very popular Bombardier John Drysdale. The
-blow was a demoralizing one, but the undaunted courage of the
-remaining members of the 36th was equal to the task. Within
-three hours the guns had been transferred to new positions, and
-lines of fire laid out, and the Battery ready for action.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Hill 70 gas episode and the shelling received the night of
-October the 7th were two of the worst experiences that any
-Battery had ever been called upon to endure, but the brave boys of
-the 36th met both with unflinching courage and proved themselves
-worthy of all the encomiums which had been bestowed upon them.
-For gallant work on this occasion several members of the Battery
-were decorated. On the 10th of October Cambrai was captured,
-the 36th Battery doing its share to make the battle a success.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_054.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LT. F. J. LONGWORTH, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>From Cambrai they moved northward again, occupying various
-positions with various degrees of fortune until November 1st, when
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>the march towards Mons commenced. This was one long succession
-of triumphs, culminating in the capture of the celebrated
-city on the morning of the 11th of November. On the afternoon
-of the 10th we were in position at Je-Mappes, about one thousand
-yards from Mons. At 3.30 in the afternoon orders were received
-to fire on the railway at Mons, and while engaged in doing that
-several enemy shells were fired into the
-Battery, one of which instantly killed
-Lieut. Fred Longworth, of Charlottetown,
-and wounded Sergeant Dickson
-and several others. Sergeant Dickson
-received thirty-two wounds but managed
-to pull through. On the morning of the
-11th at 6.30 word was received that the
-Armistice was signed, and a March-Past
-was ordered to take place in the City of
-Mons. There was great rejoicing at the
-good news, inasmuch as the suffering of
-the last three months was beginning to
-tell on the remaining members of the “Old Guard.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>I cannot close this account of the doings of the 36th Battery
-without making reference to the wonderful qualities which the
-officers, N.C.O.’s and men displayed. It was easy to command a
-Battery like the 36th. They were everything that could be desired.
-Loyal, brave and good-humored, with the greatest devotion to duty,
-they cannot be too highly praised by me. Every man was a hero
-and every man deserved decorations many times over. I feel that
-it is but fitting that I should here mention the fact, when speaking
-about decorations, that the 36th Battery received a very large share
-of them, including one D.S.O., two Croix de Guerre, eight Military
-Crosses, one bar for Military Cross, ten D.C.M.’s and twenty
-Military Medals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On November 21, 1918, Major D. A. MacKinnon, who commanded
-the 36th Battery from its arrival in France on July 14,
-1916, and who took part with the Battery in all its battles, was
-granted sick leave to Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The loss of so many brave officers and brave men had been a
-severe shock to him, and his nerves became greatly unstrung. It
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>was with sincere regret that he parted with the boys after nearly
-three years of strenuous fighting. The Battery, after a short stay
-in Belgium, was transferred to England, demobilizing in March,
-1919. On the 36th Battery’s return to Sydney, N.S., they were
-tendered a most notable reception.</p>
-
-<table class='table1' summary=''>
-<colgroup>
-<col width='50%' />
-<col width='50%' />
-</colgroup>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>LIST OF OFFICERS WHO SERVED WITH THE 36th BATTERY IN FRANCE, WITH DECORATIONS RECEIVED.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major D. A. MacKinnon, Charlottetown, P.E.I.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Distinguished Service Order and Croix de Guerre.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. F. H. Tingley (killed),</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Moncton Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. A. L. Anderson, Toronto</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross and Bar.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. D. L. Teed (killed), St. John, N.B.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. C. D. Shrieve (killed), Digby, N.S.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. R. Fleet, Montreal</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. F. J. Longworth (killed), Charlottetown</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. W. L. Harris, Moncton, N.B.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. B. Manning, Toronto</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. Livingstone, Sydney, N.S.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. I. Alexander, Fredericton, N.B.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. O’Grady, Winnipeg</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER VIII.<br /> <em>14th BRIGADE, C.F.A.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_056.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LT.-COL. J. L. M‘KINNON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 14th Brigade, C.F.A., was organized in the spring of
-1916 and was part of the 4th Division Artillery, which
-trained at Petawawa in the summer of 1916. The 14th
-Brigade, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel John L. McKinnon,
-of Halifax, N.S., was composed of the following Units: Headquarters,
-7 officers, 40 men, recruited in Nova Scotia. Batteries,
-55th and 56th, recruited in Guelph, Ont.;
-58th, recruited in New Brunswick; 66th,
-recruited in Montreal. Brigade Ammunition
-Column, 3 officers, 120 men, recruited
-in Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to the O.C., Lieutenant-Colonel
-McKinnon, the following other
-Nova Scotia officers proceeded Overseas
-with this Brigade: Capt. G. C.
-Oland, Halifax, Adjutant; Capt. C. V.
-Trites, Liverpool, Medical Officer, both
-attached to Brigade Headquarters;
-Major S. C. Oland, in command of 66th
-Battery; Lieut. J. Vickery, 58th Battery; Brigade Ammunition
-Column, Capt. F. S. Burns, Lieut. Herbert Stairs, Lieut. W. M.
-Ray, Lieut. T. D. Farquahar.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 4th Divisional Artillery, consisting of the 12th, 13th, 14th
-and 15th Brigades, and Divisional Ammunition Column, left Canada
-on September 11, 1916, and completed training in England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the fall of 1916 the Imperial authorities for the Imperial
-Army adopted the formation of six-gun Batteries instead of four-gun
-Batteries, reducing Brigades in each Division. The Canadian
-authorities followed in January, 1917, and from the 1st, 2nd and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>3rd Divisions in France a new 4th Divisional Artillery was reconstituted,
-and the old 4th Divisional Artillery became 5th Divisional
-Artillery, which later became Corps Artillery.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the formation of the Nova Scotia Regimental Depot, Lieutenant-Colonel
-McKinnon was given command and was later
-appointed Deputy Judge Advocate General, Canadian Forces Overseas.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER IX.<br /> <em>THE ROYAL CANADIAN REGIMENT.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The Royal Canadian Regiment was raised on December 21,
-1883, as a Unit of the new Canadian Permanent Force, for
-the instruction of the Canadian Militia by establishing
-schools of instruction for officers and non-commissioned officers,
-and by the formation of a nucleus of officers and non-commissioned
-officer instructors to assist at the various Militia Camps. The
-Regiment was first known as the “Infantry School Corps.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1885 “C” Company, stationed at Toronto, joined a mixed
-force of Militia under the command of Lieut.-Col. W. D. Otter,
-which marched across the ice along the North Shore of Lake
-Superior to the Northwest, to suppress the rebellion of the half-breeds,
-under the leadership of Louis Riel. The Company took
-part in the action of Fish Creek and the relief of Battleford on
-April 24th, and in the action of Cut Knife Hill on May 2nd.
-It also took part in the pursuit of Chief Big Bear during June and
-July. It remained in garrison at Battleford from July until
-October, when it returned to Toronto. This was the first occasion
-on which Canadian troops had conducted active operations and
-brought them to a successful conclusion without the aid of Imperial
-troops.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1892 the name of the Regiment was changed to the “Canadian
-Regiment Infantry,” and the following year Queen Victoria
-approved of the Regiment becoming a Royal Regiment, known as
-the “Royal Canadian Regiment of Canadian Infantry,” and granted
-permission for her Imperial Cypher, V.R.I., with the Imperial
-Crown, to be worn as a badge.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1899, on the outbreak of the South African War, a second
-(Special Service) Battalion was raised under the command of
-Lieut.-Colonel W. D. Otter, and sailed on October 30, 1899, in the
-<em>S.S. Sardinian</em>, arriving at Cape Town on November 30th. In
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>addition to minor skirmishes the Battalion took part in the following
-actions while in South Africa:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Paardeberg</td>
-    <td class='c017'>27th February, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Poplar Grove</td>
-    <td class='c017'>7th March, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Dreifontein</td>
-    <td class='c017'>10th March, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Israel’s Poort</td>
-    <td class='c017'>25th April, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Hont’s Nek</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1st May, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Zano River</td>
-    <td class='c017'>16th May, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Doorn Kop</td>
-    <td class='c017'>29th May, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Pretoria</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4th June, 1900</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The casualties in South Africa were thirty-nine killed, twenty-eight
-died of disease, one hundred and twenty-three wounded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion was represented at the annexation ceremony at
-Pretoria on October 25th by a party specially selected, and on
-November 7th it embarked at Cape Town for Southampton, arriving
-on November 29th. The Battalion was inspected by Her
-Majesty Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle, when she addressed
-them and thanked them for their services. This was the last official
-inspection made by the Queen before her death.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On December 11th the Battalion embarked at Liverpool and
-sailed for Canada, arriving at Halifax on December 23rd, where it
-was disbanded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the South African War the name of the Regiment was
-changed to the “Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry.” His
-Majesty King George, then Duke of York, presented colors to the
-Regiment at Toronto on October 11, 1901, during his tour of the
-British Empire.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A 3rd (Garrison) Battalion of the Regiment was raised at
-Halifax to release the 1st Battalion Leinster Regiment (Royal
-Canadians) for service elsewhere. This Battalion was brought to
-a high state of efficiency and formed the greater part of the Garrison
-in the Fortress at Halifax. It was, however, disbanded shortly
-after being relieved by an Imperial Regiment, the 5th Battalion
-Royal Garrison Regiment, in September, 1902.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1902 the name of the Regiment was once again changed, becoming
-known by its present distinctive title of “The Royal Canadian
-Regiment.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1904, a special banner, given by His Majesty King Edward
-VII to commemorate the Regiment’s services in South Africa, was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>presented at Ottawa on October 4th by His Excellency the
-Governor-General, Lord Minto.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Imperial troops having been withdrawn and the defence of
-Canada taken over by local troops, the Regiment moved to Halifax,
-the establishment being raised to ten companies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the outbreak of the European War in August, 1914, the
-Regiment was mobilized at Halifax, occupying the various forts.
-It was brought up to war strength by a draft of four hundred
-volunteers, men from the newly formed Camp at Valcartier, for
-the Expeditionary Force then being raised. Being trained regular
-troops, and the only ones available for service Overseas, the Regiment,
-under the command of Lieut.-Colonel A. O. Fages, was sent
-to Bermuda on September 9th to relieve the 2nd Battalion Lincolnshire
-Regiment, and were the first Canadian troops to go abroad.
-In August of the following year, the Regiment having been relieved
-by the 38th Battalion, C.E.F., proceeded, under the command of
-Lieut.-Colonel Carpenter, to France, via England, where it was rearmed
-and re-equipped. It landed at Boulogne, under the command
-of Lieut.-Col. A. H. Macdonell, D.S.O., on October 31st, and on
-moving up the line immediately became Corps Troops to the Canadian
-Corps under Lieut.-General Sir A. E. H. Alderson, K.C.B. It
-went into the trenches for the first time with the First Canadian
-Division, opposite Messines.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the beginning of 1916 it was one of the Battalions composing
-the 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade under Brigadier-General A. C.
-Macdonell, C.M.G., D.S.O., of the newly formed 3rd Canadian
-Division, under Major-General Mercer, C.B. The Brigade consisted
-of the Royal Canadian Regiment, Princess Patricia’s Canadian
-Light Infantry, 42nd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada)
-and 49th Battalion (Edmonton Regiment), and, later, the 7th
-Canadian Machine Gun Company. The Regiment went into the
-line with the Brigade at Wulvergham, moving afterward to
-Kemmel and then to Ypres.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Regiment’s first general action was that of the German
-attack on June 2nd to June 5th on Sanctuary Wood and Hooge, in
-the Ypres Salient. Here the Regiment, under Lieut.-Col. C. H.
-Hill, distinguished itself by its steadiness under the heaviest concentration
-of hostile artillery and trench mortar fire which up to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>that date had ever been brought to bear on British troops. By its
-rifle and machine gun fire the attempted infantry assaults against
-its lines were frustrated, and it was virtually the action of the
-machine guns, assisted by the 7th Canadian Machine Gun Company,
-that prevented a great disaster to the whole Ypres Salient. These
-guns had been unable to get away after being relieved on account
-of dawn breaking. On June 5th the Germans blew up three very
-large mines at Hooge, annihilating the Garrison. The guns, which
-were some distance in the rear, immediately mounted, fully exposed,
-on the Menin Road, and by their coolly directed fire threw back the
-German Infantry, thus preventing them from swamping our line
-and outflanking it both north and south on the Menin Road. The
-action of June 2nd to 5th exemplified the value of long training.
-The older men who had been in the Regiment for years, and who
-were considered as almost past their day, came to the fore wonderfully
-by their steadiness and discipline. This was shown particularly
-when during the hostile infantry attacks and intense shelling they
-remained cool and steady and withheld their fire, only letting forth
-their perfect deluge of bullets when a good target appeared. This
-encouraged and gave added confidence to the younger men. It was
-certainly the old soldier’s day.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Between June and August some extremely gallant trench raids
-and expeditions were carried out by the Regiment. One raid
-carried out was discovered by the enemy before starting, and came
-under intense fire from rifles, bombs and machine guns at close
-quarters. In spite of this the party rushed forward and inflicted
-heavy losses upon the enemy, but every man except one was
-wounded. Two officers and some men came out into the open and
-worked for two hours under fire collecting and bringing in the
-wounded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In September the Regiment moved south with the Canadian
-Corps under Lieut.-General Sir Julian H. G. Byng, K.C.B.,
-K.C.M.G., M.V.O., to the Somme, where until November they
-took part in very severe fighting at Courcellette, Regina Trench, and
-elsewhere.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion performed a very difficult feat on September 15th,
-when it came up from reserve and occupied a line just after dusk
-over absolutely strange ground, made unrecognizable by shell fire,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>and in so doing was obliged to change front twice. They occupied
-their position on time. Again, on September 16th, two Companies
-went forward to attack an enemy trench over open ground, in full
-view of the enemy, in face of deadly rifle and machine gun fire,
-starting at a distance of over 800 yards and being practically wiped
-out when less than 50 yards from the enemy’s trench.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On October 8th, at Regina Trench, the R.C.R. and one other
-Battalion were the only Canadian Battalions to capture and for the
-time hold objectives. There by its gallantry and determination the
-Battalion held on throughout the day outflanked and unsupported.
-A Battalion of German Marines was threatening the left, which
-necessitated a change of front. This was successfully accomplished.
-The enemy charged the position on three separate occasions, but
-were driven back with heavy loss each time. This, however, was
-accomplished only by heavy loss to the Battalion, for, when
-relieved, it mustered only one officer and eighty-one other ranks;
-in one Company only five men remained.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On leaving the Somme area the Regiment was so depleted that
-it was obliged to reorganize. The fighting had been of the bitterest
-hand-to-hand kind.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following order was published on leaving the area:</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“7th Canadian Infantry Brigade.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“This Brigade has just finished a series of operations of which every
-member may be justly proud.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“The performance of the 15th September, 1916, when the R.C.R.
-P.P.C.L.I., 42nd and 49th Battalions, went into an unknown area on
-four and a half hours’ notice, in broad daylight, and under heavy shelling,
-reached and jumped off on time, not from prepared assembly
-trenches, but from a battered trench captured that morning, and, changing
-direction twice, captured and held three different objectives, together
-with some three hundred prisoners, has been characterized as one of the
-finest accomplishments by any Brigade in the war.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“No one as time goes on can fail to be more and more impressed
-with the extent to which each arm of the military machine is dependent
-upon others for ultimate and lasting success; a Brigade may do better
-than ever before, and still fail to gain their objective, owing to another
-arm not having fully accomplished its task.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“The attack on September 16th, 1916, adds to, rather than dims, the
-glory. Both the R.C.R. and the 42nd Battalion (R.H.C.) knew the
-barrage had failed, that the Zollern Trench was fully manned, and that
-the chances of success were slight. Notwithstanding, the attacking companies
-of these Battalions did their duty, knowing that the attack of the
-9th Canadian Infantry Brigade, timed for 6.30 p.m., depended entirely
-on their capturing their objective. They thrust the attack home gallantly
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>and well, but, under the circumstances, with the odds so heavily against
-them, it was impossible to make good the Zollern Trench.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“On the 8th October, 1916, Regina Trench was not battered in nor
-the wire cut, but we all have good reason to be proud of the performance
-of our Battalions that day—the R.C.R. and 49th Battalion for their
-attack, the P.P.C.L.I. for their good work in the vacated front line, and
-the 42nd Battalion (R.H.C.) for cheerfully going in again to take over
-the defence of the line, although they had been withdrawn a few hours
-before and were desperately tired. The Machine Gun Company also
-comes in for its share of the well-earned praise for its excellent barrage
-work and support of the Infantry.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“We all feel particularly proud of the splendid work of the R.C.R.
-in driving through to their objective and holding it so long against odds.
-No one could have done better and few so well.</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-r c020'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“<span class='sc'>A. C. Macdonell</span>, Brig.-Gen.,</div>
-      <div class='line in10'>“Comd’g. 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-l c020'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“15–10–16.”</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>In November the Battalion moved north again to Neuville St.
-Vaast, nothing of much importance happening with the exception
-of raids. These commenced after Christmas and became almost a
-daily occurrence. Daring deeds of all degrees were performed by
-all ranks, with the result that the Battalion was morally and actually
-master of the situation and owned “No Man’s Land.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On April 9, 1917, the Battle of Vimy Ridge commenced. This
-was one of the most perfectly planned actions that has ever
-occurred. Every man knew exactly what he had to do and how to
-do it, and where he was to go. The strong ridge which the
-Germans had held and fortified to the best of their ability fell into
-our hands with comparative ease. Many trophies were captured
-by the Regiment, and all their objectives were taken without any
-delay or hitch of any kind. This was accomplished in bitter
-weather and mud knee deep; the ground captured was held intact in
-spite of the furious and continued attacks launched by the enemy
-to wrest our gains from us.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After Vimy the Regiment took part in the following major
-actions:—Avion, June, 1917; Hill 70, July, 1917; Passchendaele,
-October and November, 1917 (in the latter period eleven hostile
-attacks were successfully repelled); Amiens, 1918, where the Regiment
-was on the extreme right successfully operating with the
-French; Monchy, August, 1918; Cambrai, where Lieut. M. F. Gregg
-won his V.C.; Forêt de Raisines, Valenciennes; and last, but not
-least, the dramatic capture of the world famous Mons. The credit
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>for the first to enter Mons has been claimed by the 42nd Battalion.
-This is a moot point, and is probably due to the fact that a Company
-of the Royal Canadian Regiment was detached to the 42nd and
-entered the City from the S.E. The indubitable fact remains that
-Lieut. W. M. King of the R.C.R. was the first to reach the square,
-where he was received by the Mayor at the Town Hall with his
-platoon, and where he signed the Golden Book of Mons, which was
-given by King Albert to the City on his departure in 1914.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Regiment returned to Canada and the C.E.F. personnel was
-demobilized at Halifax on 10th March, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following distinctions and awards were gained by the Regiment
-in the war of 1914–18:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>V.C.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>G.B.E.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>C.M.G.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>C.B.E.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>11</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>O.B.E.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>5</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>37</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Bar to M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>5</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>D.F.C.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>24</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Bar to D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>128</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Bar to M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>10</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>M.S.M.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>10</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Foreign Decorations.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>15</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Mentions.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>35</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Commissions from the ranks:</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Colonel.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>5</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Captain.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>14</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenant.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>28</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>2nd Lieutenant.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER X.<br /> <em>THE 17th BATTALION, C.E.F.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>When war clouds lowered on the European horizon in
-July, 1914, it would have been strange had the men of
-Pictou County, Nova Scotia, not been among the first
-to recognize their duty to civilization and the Empire.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_065.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. STRUAN G. ROBERTSON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>On July 31, 1914, the officer commanding the 78th Regiment
-Pictou Highlanders wired the then Minister of Militia of Canada
-that his Regiment was ready for service,
-and received a reply, dated August 1, 1914,
-expressing the Minister’s thanks for the
-patriotic offer. On August 8th orders
-were received by wire from the Adjutant-General,
-Ottawa, as follows: “It is notified
-for information that not more than 125
-men with officers will be accepted from
-each rural Regiment.” This order limited
-volunteering in Nova Scotian rural corps
-at once to that number.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On August 20, 1914, 135 officers, non-commissioned
-officers and other ranks left
-New Glasgow for Valcartier, being joined
-at Truro by a full quota of officers, non-commissioned officers
-and other ranks of the 76th Colchester Rifles and small detachments
-of the 63rd and 66th Halifax Regiments, a Company from
-the 75th Lunenburg Regiment under Lieut.-Colonel Andrews, and
-one from 69th. Passing through Cumberland County the Nova
-Scotian contingent was further augmented by a roll of officers,
-non-commissioned officers and men, up to the strength authorized,
-from the 93rd Cumberland Regiment, with their O.C., Lieut.-Colonel
-Murray, making in all a total of some five hundred officers,
-non-commissioned officers and other ranks.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span>Had each of the seven Nova Scotia Regiments of Militia been
-able to send the number authorized the contingent would have been
-little short of strength as a Regiment. Ottawa had apparently
-overlooked the fact that both the Halifax Regiments and the 94th
-of Cape Breton were on garrison duty, making it difficult for them
-to recruit beyond their then imperative needs or part with the
-number required.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was then proposed by the officers on board the troop train
-that steps be taken to form a Nova Scotian Battalion, so that all
-might serve together. The three senior officers of the contingent,
-Lieut.-Colonels Andrews, Cameron and Murray asked Lieut.-Col.
-S. G. Robertson to undertake the organization and ask that he be
-given command. Although he had specialized as far as possible in
-Staff work and felt his services would be of more value in that
-line than in Regimental duty, the request was difficult of refusal
-and the proposal was accepted.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From the time of arrival in Valcartier the Nova Scotians
-remained together until a wire was received from the Minister
-authorizing the organization of the Battalion. Unfortunately an
-excessive advertising of the Unit by a too friendly press in Halifax
-aroused Provincial jealousies and no doubt made fulfilment of the
-authorization difficult. It undoubtedly made it appear to outsiders
-that the Nova Scotian officers were doing a lot of advertising, an
-opinion that was far from the truth. Time dragged on; a few
-officers and men losing heart joined other Battalions; but their
-number was small and all had the best reasons for doing so. In
-most cases it meant promotion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Shortly before the day of sailing, the raising of two new Units
-was authorized by Headquarters, to be numbered the 17th and 18th
-Battalions; and the personnel of the officers was published, which
-included one, if not two, of the senior Nova Scotian officers.
-Recruiting, however, showed that there were no available rank and
-file apart from the Nova Scotians, who, however, absolutely refused
-to join without their own officers. As all prospect of a Nova
-Scotian Battalion seemed to have vanished, therefore in order to
-get the men to join one of the new Units, after consultation with
-the men Lieut.-Colonel Robertson offered his services as Paymaster
-in that Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span>Hardly had his services been accepted by the Officer Commanding
-than the Premier arrived in Camp and called a meeting
-of the Nova Scotian officers for the following morning. At the
-meeting two proposals were made to the officers, who were asked
-to consider them and report their decision at a later hour. The
-proposals were to go then as a half Battalion or remain behind to
-be properly organized and sail later. The meeting of officers
-decided without dissent that to remain until properly organized was
-the only course open, in view of the shortness of time and lack of
-so much that was necessary.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On this report being made to the Premier he stated that it had
-been decided to send us as a Battalion with the First Contingent,
-to allow us to recruit as far as possible and if necessary to send
-drafts later to complete our establishment. The colors of the
-Battalion were then presented by Lady Borden, with appropriate
-ceremony.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Within three days sufficient men had been recruited in Cape
-Breton, Pictou, Colchester and Cumberland Counties practically to
-complete the strength of a Regiment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Premier was no longer in Camp, and transport was refused.
-Possibly, the momentarily expected sailing of the First Contingent
-made it impractical, and the Battalion sailed from Quebec on September
-30, 1914, with a full strength of officers and non-commissioned
-officers and 773 other ranks, unbrigaded under strength
-and under-equipped, but with hearts burning with loyalty, on board
-the <em>S.S. Ruthenia</em>.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Just one hundred and twenty-nine years before the ancestors of
-many of these men had been disbanded from the 82nd Highlanders
-in Halifax and given grants of land comprising 20,000 acres in
-Pictou County. The Regiment had been raised in Perthshire by
-Col. Alexander Robertson of Struan, then Chief of Clan Donnachie,
-and was commanded by him. Now commanded by one of the same
-race and family they were returning to do their part in the world’s
-tragedy.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The nominal roll of officers was as follows: Lieut.-Col. Struan
-G. Robertson; Majors, Daniel D. Cameron and Daniel Murray;
-Adjutant, Capt. Charles E. Bent; Asst.-Adjutant, Lieut. L. Ray
-Cutten.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>Captains: W. H. Allen, L. C. Bentley, W. B. Coulter, Alex.
-Watson, D. C. Sheppard, W. Forbes, Thos. Curwen Reid.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieutenants: G. W. Harris, F. M. Bentley, F. M. McDonald,
-J. E. Christie, E. W. Mingo, C. J. Groggett, J. M. Gillis, Bruce
-Donald, A. N. Peerless, R. E. Russell, G. A. Ross, G. E. C. Eager,
-Norman McKee, J. R. Bell, Alister Fraser, Arthur Hunt Chute,
-B. J. Walker, A. Marlow.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Paymaster, Hon. Capt. Arthur McKay; Quartermaster, Hon.
-Capt. Robert McMeekin; Medical Officer, Capt. H. Morrell;
-Chaplain, Paul Goforth; Transport Officer, C. Hamilton Catty.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>For five months the Battalion saw service on Salisbury Plain as
-a Unit. No drafts arrived to bring the Battalion up to strength,
-but it was attached to one Brigade after another. Some one has
-said that the ardor of the Highlander springs from internal sentiment,
-and that the only thing his spirit cannot brook is disappointment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It has ever been seemingly fated that governments failed to
-appreciate this characteristic of Scottish soldiers. Broken faith,
-real or supposed, caused rebellion in even the Black Watch in 1743.
-In 1795, when it was proposed to break up the Cameron Highlanders
-by drafting, their Colonel told the Duke of York, then O. in C., “To
-draft the 79th is more than you or your Royal father dare do!”
-The Duke of York replied: “The King, my father, will certainly
-send the Regiment to the West Indies.” Colonel Cameron thereupon
-losing his temper warmly rejoined: “You may tell the King,
-your father, from me, that he may send us to h—l if he likes, and
-Ell go at the head of them, but he <span lang="gd" xml:lang="gd">daurna</span> draft us.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Attempts were made to draft the men of the 17th but as they
-had been enlisted over three months the Army Act made such
-procedure illegal, unless voluntary, and the protest of the Officer
-Commanding, after threatened proceedings, was effectual.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Four Battalions of the First Canadian Contingent, including the
-17th, were then made into Reserve Battalions, and the non-commissioned
-officers and other ranks were drafted into the First
-Division to make up for the wastage suffered during its sojourn on
-Salisbury Plain, which then through sickness, desertion and the
-obtaining of commissions in the Imperial Forces was equivalent to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span>about ten per cent. of the original total strength of the First Contingent.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As a Reserve Battalion the 17th served throughout the War and
-practically all Nova Scotian Infantry Drafts passed at one time or
-another through its ranks. From it were drawn the drafts for the
-Highland Brigade 1st Division, and latterly those for Nova Scotia
-Infantry Units in the Field. As a Reserve it outlived many of its
-enemies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Of the gallant hearts that left Nova Scotia in August, 1914,
-many have paid the price and sleep their last sleep on alien soil.</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“And, when the last Great Bugle Call</div>
-      <div class='line in2'><em>O’er Vimy sounding, throbs</em>,</div>
-      <div class='line'>When the last grim joke is entered</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>In the big black book of Jobs,</div>
-      <div class='line'><em>And Belgic battlefields give up</em></div>
-      <div class='line in2'>Their victims to the air,</div>
-      <div class='line'>I shouldn’t like to be the man</div>
-      <div class='line in2'><em>That played those men unfair</em>.”</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XI.<br /> <em>THE 25th BATTALION.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>BY CAPT. G. C. M‘ELHENNY.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c014'>In endeavoring to write this brief account of the organization,
-training and operations of the first Battalion of Nova Scotians
-to be raised and equipped in their own Province and also the
-first from these “the sea-girt hills and vales,” which have contributed
-more than their quota of soldiers, sailors, statesmen,
-educators and men of affairs in the past, to man the trenches in
-France and Flanders, the writer regrets and wishes it understood
-that he is not writing from personal observations, inasmuch as (and
-this is what he regrets) he was not a member of the 25th Battalion
-until the spring of 1917. The substance, then, of the following is
-compiled from the War Diary of the 25th Canadian Infantry
-Battalion, and is submitted to the publishers of this volume at their
-request and with the fullest appreciation of the writer’s inability to
-do justice to the task of chronicling four and a half years of any
-Battalion’s history, least of all the splendid story of the indomitable
-courage and tenacious striving toward an ideal which were the
-predominant features of this, in several respects, an unique Battalion
-in the Canadian Corps.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There are many omissions in the following narrative which the
-writer regrets are imperative in order to make it of sufficient
-brevity to allow of its publication in this volume. The nominal
-roll of officers is as issued by the Department of Militia and
-Defence on the Battalion’s sailing from Halifax on May 20, 1915.
-The summary of decorations awarded was provided by the
-Adjutant-General, Canadian Militia, Ottawa, and does not include
-the medals won by General Hilliam, C.B., and several other
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>officers and some other ranks when with Units other than the 25th
-Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It will be interesting to note in the list of original 2nd Division
-officers who marched across the Rhine at Bonn on December 13,
-1918, that only two were commissioned officers on September 15,
-1915. They are Major A. W. P. Weston and Lieut. G. M.
-McNeil, M.C. There were ninety-six other ranks with the Battalion
-on both the above-mentioned dates.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the narrative there are many points on which the writer
-would like to dilate at some length—more especially on some of
-the deeds of heroism in the different actions. Of these deeds,
-practically in the earlier days (1915 and 1916), more went unrecognized
-outside the Battalion than the sum of all the decorations
-won by the Battalion. To mention more than the few that fit into
-the narrative is obviously not feasible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One thing that cheered the 25th Battalion through all their long
-service in France was the pipe band under Pipe-Major Carson.
-Major J. W. Logan was responsible for the organization and equipment
-of this fine band. There was nothing better in the armies in
-France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In pursuance of the Canadian Government’s scheme to raise
-a Second Division for service Overseas, Lieut.-Col. G. A. Lecain
-(69th Regiment), of Roundhill, Annapolis County, was authorized
-to mobilize the 25th Battalion, Canadian Infantry, in Nova Scotia
-(October, 1914). Lieut.-Colonel Lecain established headquarters
-at the Armories, Halifax, and opened recruiting offices in Sydney,
-Amherst, New Glasgow, Truro and Yarmouth. Recruiting commenced
-late in October, 1914. The official nominal roll of officers
-who received appointments to the Battalion is published here and to
-them is due the credit of the splendid organization and training
-which enabled these sons of New Scotland to rank second to none
-with the flower of the British Armies. Mention should also be
-made of the fine non-commissioned officers of the Battalion and
-those loaned by the Permanent Force, who attended to the details
-of training with most commendable zeal.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_072.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. G. A. LECAIN.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>It should be remembered that this was Nova Scotia’s first
-attempt at recruiting and organizing a full Battalion for service in
-the Great War, and the facilities for the proper fulfilment of such
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>a task were far from perfect. In view of this then Nova Scotians
-should be, and, I think, are, unanimous in their praise of Lieut.-Colonel
-Lecain and all ranks of his Battalion for his organizing
-and so quickly training a Unit which, though many times decimated
-and only a skeleton of a Battalion left, quickly and smoothly
-absorbed its reinforcements and carried on with renewed energy
-and greater deeds toward the high ideal
-of service for home and humanity.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The writer has often had it suggested
-to him that it was a pity the deeds of the
-25th Battalion were not better known by
-the people at home. The reply to such a
-suggestion, on behalf of the Battalion is
-this: The reputation of the 25th Battalion
-was safe in the hands of our comrades
-throughout the Canadian Corps,
-and our exploits in raiding were the
-marvel of two armies. These exploits
-and deeds with their inevitable accompaniment
-of blood and death were not fit subjects to press-agent
-into the already overwrought family circles, which were possibly
-in receipt of one of those missiles of despair and death—an “official
-telegram from Ottawa.” We gloried in the encomiums of the
-Brigade, Divisional, Corps and Army Commanders, and still more
-in the hearty praise of our comrades in the “Y” or the canteens
-or estaminets. But no one thought of sending an account home.
-And why? Well, there were a good many Bills, and Jocks, and
-Toms and so on, who “went west” in that scrap. And what’s the
-use of making it realistic to Mary and Nora and Bessie? “No,
-Pard, we would rather not.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>And there we will leave it and endeavor to adhere to a resolution
-to make this brief sketch statistically correct.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Before Christmas Day, 1914, the Battalion was at full strength
-and had the authorized ten per cent. reserve in training in the
-Armories at Halifax and later on the Common. In April the
-people of Nova Scotia presented the Battalion with two fine field
-kitchens and $2,500, the ceremony taking place at the Provincial
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>Building, in front of the whole Battalion on parade and a vast
-concourse of people.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As evidence of the fine spirit which animated the whole Battalion
-the-following is copied from the official War Diary: “A
-University Reinforcement Company of the P.P.C.L.I. arrived in
-the city to embark for England, and the 25th Battalion was called
-on to supply seven men to bring it up to strength. The Battalion
-was formed up on the Common and an invitation extended for any
-who wished to go Overseas at once in this draft to take one pace
-forward. The whole Battalion, to a man, stepped forward making
-it necessary to search the records and select seven ex-imperial
-service men. Privates Aldridge, Baker, Conroy, Cumberland,
-Erickson, Kehoe and Leonard were selected.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On sailing for England aboard <em>H.M.T.S. Saxonia</em> (Captain
-Charles, R.N.) on May 20, 1915, Haligonians and many from other
-points in the Province witnessed many a moving spectacle as bright
-countenances fought the dimming influence of heavy hearts as they
-wished the boys of the 25th Godspeed on their journey, and victory
-in the fight; leaving their safe return or immortalization in the
-hands of the Creator who deals justly and well in all things. With
-the 25th Battalion on board the <em>Saxonia</em> were those gallant sons of
-Quebec, the 22nd Battalion. No account of the doings of the 25th
-Battalion could do justice to its purpose without paying tribute to
-those noble French-Canadians who were continually associated with
-the 25th Battalion from embarkation at Halifax on May 20, 1915,
-to debarkation at the same port on May 16, 1919. Surely there is
-a lesson for our politicians and religious bigots in the close co-operation
-which marked the attitude of these two Battalions toward
-each other throughout the period of their association. Our brave
-comrades of the 22nd Battalion showed us that the French-Canadian
-was not only generous in sympathy but quick to
-collaborate with his fellow Canadians of British descent on the
-broad principle of national welfare. In battle, in sports, or in
-argument over the estaminet tables, proof of the whole-hearted
-camaraderie between the 22nd and 25th Battalions was daily
-evident and fostered by both Units.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The <em>Saxonia</em> docked at Devonport on May 29, 1915, and her
-valuable human cargo took trains for Westenhanger, in Kent County,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>where they detrained in the middle of the night and marched to
-East Sandling Camp, in the Shorncliffe area, to which the 2nd
-Canadian Division had been assigned for the period of their intensive
-training.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While this training was being carried out the Battalion took part
-in Divisional Reviews by H.M. the King, Earl Kitchener, Lieut-General
-Sir Sam Hughes and General Steele, as well as one in
-honor of the visit to the area by the Premier of Canada, Sir Robert
-Borden, and Brigade and Training Inspectors. The 25th Battalion
-was now a Unit of the 5th (Eastern Canada) Brigade, 2nd
-Canadian Division, which consisted of four Battalions and details
-(22nd, 24th, 25th and 26th) drawn from Quebec, Montreal, Nova
-Scotia and New Brunswick. The Brigade Commander was Lieut.-Colonel
-(now Major-General) Sir David Watson, and Major-General
-R. W. Turner, V.C., was Divisional Commander.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After three and a half months of eight hours’ training per day,
-with four hours of practice in night operations’ frequently, the
-2nd Division was ordered to France. The 25th Battalion proceeded
-by boat from Folkestone to Boulogne on the night of September
-15, 1915, and by train on the following day from Pont de Brieques,
-a few kilometres from Boulogne, to a small station near St. Omer.
-From here to the front line was the first real test of the Battalion’s
-<i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">morale</span></i> and physical condition. Marching for five days with
-new (Kitchener’s) boots over French and Belgian cobblestone
-roads, the Battalion relieved the King’s Own Regiment on the
-night of the 22nd–23rd of September, 1915, the first Nova Scotia
-Battalion to face the Hun as a Unit. And not a man had dropped
-out in the gruelling grind of the last four days. The writer has
-been told, unofficially, that this was a record for the Division, and
-though it has never been confirmed, neither has it been denied.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first few tours in the front lines were spent in the H and I
-trenches, Kemmel Sector of the Ypres Salient, where the Hun was
-very active in mining operations. During the Battalion’s second
-tour, which extended over six days, Fritz blew one large and three
-smaller mines on “B” Company, which killed twelve and wounded
-twenty, leaving a crater 65 feet by 35 feet and 25 feet deep. This
-resulted in no advantage to the enemy, inasmuch as the charge was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>situated so that it must have done considerable damage to his
-trenches, and the crater was promptly garrisoned by Nova Scotians.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_075.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>BRIG.-GEN. E. HILLIAM, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Late in October, 1915, Major E. Hilliam, a 1st Division officer,
-succeeded Lieut.-Colonel Lecain in command of the Battalion; and,
-under his soldierly guidance, the 25th began to make the Bosche
-sit up and notice his surroundings. Under Major (as O.C., Lieut.-Colonel)
-Hilliam’s guidance the Battalion
-became expert in the little tricks which
-worried the enemy and made trench life
-more interesting. Notable among the
-many episodes which added spice to the
-daily routine was a raid on the Hun
-trenches by Lieutenant (now Lieut.-Colonel)
-Wise, and the stalking of a German
-patrol in No Man’s Land by Corporal
-(now Captain) “Ernie” Canning, which
-resulted in the capture of one of their
-number and the gaining of much information.
-The small garrison of thirty-five
-25th Battalion men, under Lieutenants
-Morgan, Johnstone and McNeil, holding Nos. 1 and 4 craters at
-St. Eloi in April, 1915, gave the attacking company of Huns a
-sample of the unbeatable stuff they are made of.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In April the 25th Battalion took over the line at St. Eloi where
-they remained about six weeks. This was beyond a doubt the most
-trying experience which the Battalion had to that time or has since
-been called upon to endure. There were no front line trenches.
-Five mine craters had to be occupied, since the front line trenches
-were all destroyed, and the men had to occupy most exposed positions.
-Every hole and every remnant remaining of a trench were
-used as the only possible cover, and mud, muck and water prevailed.
-Under continually heavy and harrowing fire and attacks the
-Battalion endured, though at the price of the loss of hundreds of its
-personnel. The German artillery fire in the Ypres Salient was the
-heaviest of the War. With enemy artillery on three sides, the
-situation may better be imagined than described. One crater that
-was occupied by the Battalion was attacked no less than five times
-between dusk and dawn in one night alone, but the crater was held.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>When the garrison was relieved there were not enough men left to
-bring out the wounded and a relief party had to be sent in for that
-purpose. On this front all intercommunication was impossible and
-isolated parties held the lines. The Battalion was highly commended
-by the higher command for their excellent work on this front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion spent 339 days on the Belgian Front, of which 164
-days were spent in actual front line trenches. Many good officers
-and men were killed or wounded. Among the former was
-Lieutenant Douglas, who was killed while fighting with the 6th
-(Western) Brigade in the craters of St. Eloi. Lieutenant Douglas
-was Battalion Machine Gun Officer and had been loaned with the
-machine gun section to the 6th Brigade during the furious onslaughts
-which the Hun was making on the craters. The men with
-Lieutenant Douglas were all killed excepting five who were captured.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Besides the Kemmel and St. Eloi Sectors, the 25th Battalion
-were engaged at Vierstraat, Ploegsteerte, Hill 60, Hooge and Messines.
-And it was here, also, that the Battalion obtained “Robert
-the Bruce,” mascot and veteran of three years’ service in the land of
-his birth. It would be hard for one to see the immense, sleek goat
-now on the farm of Major Matheson at Baddeck and endeavor to
-imagine the same animal, two weeks old, hardly bigger than a cat,
-feeding from a bottle in the hands of Pipe-Major Carson in the
-kitchen of the band’s billet in Locre. But they are one and the
-same animal. The members of the band bought him from the
-“Madame” of the house for two francs (40c.), and trained him to
-“swank” in front of the pipe band, eat cigarettes, drink beer, and
-demand his blanket at “lights out.” He added many other traits
-and tricks to his repertoire before the Battalion was disbanded, and
-many a would-be possessor of our mascot has felt the force of his
-“butt” sufficiently to make them all leave “Robert the Bruce”
-strictly to his own Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 25th Battalion played a leading part in the assault at
-Courcellette on September 15, 1916. The whole Corps welcomed
-the relief from the ground-hog tactics of the fray in Belgium and
-looked forward with keen anticipation to their participation in open
-warfare tactics on the Somme in Picardy.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The troops marched a good portion of the long distance from
-Hazebrouck to Albert. The 25th Battalion spent a few days on the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>way in rehearsing practices in formations for advancing and assaulting
-and arrived in the brickfields of Albert where the whole Division
-and units of the 1st and 3rd Divisions were massed under tarpaulins
-and corrugated iron, a few days in advance of September 15, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The plan of attack on the immediate front of Courcellette was
-for the 4th (Ontario) Brigade to open the attack on the morning
-of the fifteenth (15th) and clear the ground in front of Courcellette
-and on the sixteenth (16th) the 5th Brigade would carry on the
-attack into the town. The 4th Brigade had their objectives cleared
-and consolidated so early in the day that the Divisional Commander
-decided to put the 5th Brigade over the top at 6 o’clock in the afternoon.
-Brig.-General MacDonnell (5th Brigade) divided the town
-evenly, pointed out the objectives to Lieut.-Colonel Tremblay
-(22nd Battalion) and Lieut.-Colonel Hilliam, explained that the
-other two Battalions would be in support and reserve and sent the
-Quebecers and Nova Scotians to it. Both Battalions were led in
-person by their commanding officers, who set a fine example of
-leadership and courage to officers and men. The 25th and 22nd
-Battalions established their line well to the east of the ruined town
-and maintained their positions in the face of fierce counter-attacks
-until relieved a few days later.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This operation, brilliant as it was in execution, cost the Battalion
-some of its most capable officers and men. Lieut.-Colonel Hilliam
-was wounded in the hand, but refused to leave the line until his
-Battalion was relieved. He was in evidence everywhere throughout
-the attack with his long stick cheering his men and by his energy
-and daring urging them to their best endeavors. In his report to
-the G.O.C., 5th Brigade, he praised the work of officers and men
-very highly, and closed with the words, “General, I have the honor
-of commanding the finest body of men I have ever seen.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Three Company Commanders, Major Tupper (“A” Company),
-Major Brooks (“D” Company), and Capt. John Stairs (“C”
-Company), were killed, and the O.C. “B” Company, Major Flowers,
-was severely wounded. The Adjutant, Captain Dicky, Lieutenants
-Hobkirk, Howson, Craig and Doane were killed. The wounded
-included Capt. J. D. McNeil, Major Nutter, Lieutenants Wetmore,
-Ryan, DeYoung and Dennis Stairs.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span>Before I pass from the doings of the Battalion on the Somme,
-it is necessary, in order to do justice to the narrative, to record the
-loss of one of the bravest and most capable officers of the Battalion
-and one who gave great promise as a fearless and resourceful
-fighter for high ideals. I refer to Lieut. L. H. Johnstone, who led
-the 25th Battalion in the fruitless and bloody attack on Regina
-Trench, October 1st, 1916. While gallantly leading those men into
-a veritable hell of machine gun and shell fire, the “Iron Duke,” as
-he was nicknamed by the gallant men he was leading, fell to rise no
-more.</p>
-
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_078a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. L. H. JOHNSTONE.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_078b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>MAJOR J. H. TUPPER.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_078c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. CHAS. H. HOBKIRK.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_078d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. C. E. HOWSON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_078e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. FRASER CRAIG.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_078f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. W. E. E. DOANE.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-<p class='c007'>When the Battalion finally moved from the Somme area to be
-reinforced and recuperated there were less than one hundred of the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span>original crusaders who marched so gaily from Flanders less than one
-month previously. Though they had received a hard drubbing they
-made the old nickname of “Herring-choker” one to be respected
-as long as memory lives and histories are written. Theirs was not
-the attitude of the torn and mangled dog with its tail between its
-legs. With reinforcements, which arrived while the remnants of
-the Battalion rested a few days at Bertrincourt, near Albert, they
-were transported to Hersin, and immediately went into the line at
-Bully-Grenay, on the Lens Front, where, with a pugnacity which is
-typical of the breed, they stirred up a quiet sector until it became
-the most frequently raided and most heavily shelled of their
-experience.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first raid on this front, and one of the most successful, was
-the enterprise, on Christmas Eve, 1916, directed by Capt. W. A.
-Cameron and carried out by an officer and twenty men from each
-Company. The objective took in a point in the enemy lines known
-as the “Pope’s Nose,” owing to the peculiar twist in the trench
-which brought it to within fifteen yards of our line. Each party
-was successful in gaining entrance to the Hun trenches. In fact,
-two of the parties encountered no opposition, for Fritz had fled for
-cover. But the party from “D” Company, under Lieut. (now
-Capt.) W. A. Livingstone, found their objective strongly manned
-and the men were able to get in some splendid bayonet and Mills
-bomb work. They saved seven specimens of German Kultur to tell
-our Intelligence Staff what they knew about the situation on the
-other side of No Man’s Land.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Captain Cameron, Lieutenants Livingstone and Morris received
-Military Crosses in recognition of their energy and personal gallantry
-in the above affair.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Colonel Hilliam, D.S.O., was promoted to the rank of
-Brigadier-General and appointed to the command of the 10th
-Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division, in January, 1917. The
-Battalion at having their C.O. selected for a higher command recognized
-that no promotion in the Allied Forces was more deserved;
-but regret at the Battalion’s loss was expressed by all ranks. The
-effects of his soldierly training and administration of the Battalion
-remained with them throughout the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span>In the attack on Vimy Ridge, Easter Monday, April 9, 1917,
-the 25th Battalion was led by Major J. A. Delancey, M.C., until
-that brave officer was killed, after which Major (now Colonel)
-A. O. Blois, of Halifax (who had enlisted as a private in the 40th
-Battalion, been appointed to a commission in the 64th Battalion,
-transferred a subaltern to the 25th Battalion and had progressed
-at that date through the Adjutancy of the Battalion to the rank of
-Major), took command, and organized and consolidated the objectives
-which had all been secured by ten o’clock and were extended
-later in the day.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_080a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. J. HALLISEY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_080b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. J. H. WALLACE.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two of the Battalion pipers played the boys over the top that
-wintry morning, and although the German band and our own
-artillery drowned the skirling notes of the pibroch, our lads were
-fired with the spirit which prompted these two noble musicians
-to volunteer and insist on accompanying the Battalion through the
-muck and mire, the death and destruction which was let loose on that
-fateful day. They were awarded Military Medals for their splendid
-example of self-sacrificing disregard for personal safety.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieutenant Hallisey, of Truro, was killed while proceeding to
-the “jumping off” position. Several officers were wounded, and
-the casualties among the N.C.O.’s and men were very heavy. The
-death of R.S.M. “Dad” Henchcliffe, M.C., father of all the N.C.O.’s
-and men in the Battalion, was particularly regrettable; for he was a
-very efficient warrant officer and a friend to all.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>
-<img src='images/i_081.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. “STAN” BAULD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Colonel Bauld commanded the Battalion at the taking of
-Fresnoy and Arleux late in February. While these were only local
-affairs and confined to a narrow front, they were the cause of some
-very severe casualties. “D” and “C” Companies suffered very
-severely at Arleux. Captain Weare, M.C., was severely shell-shocked,
-Lieutenants Bell and Wallace, two very promising young
-officers, were killed, and scores of our
-men caught in the wire, in the darkness,
-were literally shot to pieces.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Shortly after this affair, two officers’
-batmen from “C” Company went astray
-in the darkness with their officers’ rations
-and strayed into the enemy lines. Their
-whereabouts was a matter of conjecture
-until the publication of the roll of prisoners
-of war. In the thirty-eight months
-during which the 25th Battalion was in
-contact with the flower of the German
-War Lord’s Legions, only eight of our
-men were captured alive. The five machine-gunners have
-already been noted. They were detached from the Battalion at
-the time of their capture. The two mentioned above were the
-victims of a dark night and unfamiliar recently captured ground.
-The eighth man to be captured was taken on the Mericourt Sector
-early in 1918 during a raid by a party of three officers and ninety
-Huns on a thinly held portion of the sector. We also succeeded in
-capturing one of the raiding party who was unfortunate enough to
-get into our wire entanglements. A great deal of information was
-gleaned from the captive regarding the training and composition of
-the raiding party. The man who was captured by the enemy had
-only joined the Battalion a few days previously. So what information
-the German Intelligence Staff gleaned from him must have been
-purely family affairs.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in July, 1917, Lieut.-Colonel Bauld obtained leave of
-absence to visit his home, and the command of the Battalion
-devolved on Major Blois, D.S.O., who commanded the 25th, until
-he in turn was granted leave to Canada in May, 1918.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>
-<img src='images/i_082.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. A. G. BLOIS, D.S.O.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 25th Battalion played a glorious part in the Battle of Hill
-70 on August 15, 1917. The boys went over the top from the shell-holes
-of No Man’s Land in front of Cité St. Laurent. “A” Company,
-in the first wave, secured the Hun front line. “B” Company
-was through them as soon as the creeping barrage permitted
-and clinched the support line, while “D” Company carried on to the
-limits of the town. The 24th Battalion
-then pushed on our positions 600 yards
-farther to the trench “Nun’s Alley.”
-Considering the amount of ground gained
-and the nature of the fighting, in ruined
-streets and over demolished buildings, the
-casualties were very light on the 15th.
-But the Hun artillery promptly laid down
-a barrage to cover his counter-attacks,
-which fell behind the front line and completely
-churned up the debris formerly
-known as Cité St. Laurent, where the 25th
-Battalion was endeavoring to establish
-a defensive position. The counter-attacks of the Bosche gradually
-weakened, and by the 18th had ceased; but his artillery strafing
-grew more intense as the days passed, causing many casualties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the night of August 19–20, the 25th Battalion moved from
-their positions in Cité St. Laurent to the comparative peace and
-quiet of the front line. At daybreak the 6th Brigade on our
-immediate right were to attack and tighten the pressure already
-exercised on Lens. The Hun also divulged his reason for the
-systematic and furious shelling of our positions during the past six
-days when he launched an attack in force on the 6th Brigade and
-extending into our right (“D” Company’s front). The O.C. “D”
-Company, being in an advanced position and close to our own
-artillery barrage line, was ordered to place his men under cover,
-which he did, leaving only sentries at the entrances to shelters.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_083.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. OWEN C. DAUPHINEE.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Zero hour for the 6th Brigade’s and the German attack coincided
-and both were demoralized by the intensity of the artillery fire they
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>encountered before the assembly positions could be cleared. The
-result was that neither the 6th Brigade nor the Prussians opposite
-them left their trenches. But the artillery was not so active on the
-Front of our “D” Company, with the result that the Huns were
-throwing grenades down on our dugout steps before our men
-realized that they were trapped. Lieutenant Dauphinee was killed
-in a gallant attempt to clear the entrance
-to the dugout in which the whole Company
-was sheltered. Captain W. A. Livingstone,
-M.C., O.C. “D” Company,
-managed to force his way out by another
-entrance, and with a Lewis Gun spitting
-.303 bullets from his shoulder, he managed
-to clear the trench of those who
-escaped his fusilade. But the trench was
-literally filled with corpses from the
-attacking hordes. Nor was the situation
-normal as yet. A party of Huns had got
-in on the right of our boundary, and
-Lieutenant Spurr and Sergeant Jordan,
-after expelling them, organized the survivors of the Company of a
-Western Battalion, who had lost all their officers and were in a
-precarious condition. The boys of “D” Company, reinforced by a
-platoon from “B” Company, which had been led up through the
-intense shelling by Lieutenant Bell, were busy all day repelling
-bombing parties which stubbornly attempted to force their way into
-our lines at the Battalion boundary-the junction of Nun’s Alley
-and Commotion Trenches.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Captain Livingstone, whose work on this day merited the
-Victoria Cross, was severely wounded in the chest and collapsed
-immediately after he had cleared the Huns from his trenches, and
-Lieutenant Spurr commanded his company until relieved by a
-company of the Royal Canadian Regiment at night. Great credit
-is due Lieutenants Gibbons and Bell for their skill and judgment
-in rallying our boys and organizing the defences. The coolness of
-Sergeant Jordan saved the situation on the immediate right, when he
-rallied the overwrought survivors of the Western Battalion. Corporal
-Boudreau, Company Sergt.-Major Bragg, Corporal Veniot,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>and Sergt. “Dan” Fraser also distinguished themselves in inflicting
-punishment on the Hun and by their heroic conduct throughout the
-day. Company Sergt.-Major Bragg and Sergeant Jordan were
-awarded Distinguished Conduct Medals for their services on this
-occasion. Captain Livingstone, M.C., was awarded a bar, and
-Lieutenant Spurr, the Military Cross.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At Passchendaele, on November 10, 1917, the 5th Infantry
-Brigade was given the post of honor as a successful assaulting
-Brigade. The 1st, 3rd and 4th Divisions and the 4th Brigade of
-the 2nd Division had been engaged in nibbling here and there at the
-Hun positions and had at length captured most of the Passchendaele
-Ridge. But the ruined town still remained in German hands. On
-the morning of the 6th November the 26th Battalion attacked and
-captured the ruins to the eastern limits of the town and after holding
-their gains for four days the 5th Brigade was withdrawn from
-the Passchendaele Sector, and returned to Lens.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 2nd Canadian Division remained in the Lens-Mericourt
-Sectors until the latter part of February, 1918. The only notable
-occurrence, other than the loss of one man to the Huns, as previously
-noted, was the stealth raid led by Lieut. P. R. Phillips, of
-Barrington, assisted by a covering party under Lieut. Max
-MacRae, of Westville. The raiding party of only five crawled
-over the Lens-Arras Road and made their way among the battered
-houses of Lens to one of the buildings of Fosse 3 and destroyed
-a dugout full of “Heinies,” bringing the sentry who was on duty
-at the entrance into our lines. The prisoner proved to be a very
-observant chap and a great deal of information was gleaned from
-him. When questioned as to the great offensive which our Staff
-expected daily, he said no attack would be made on the Canadians.
-Fritz had probably had his fill of attacking Canucks when he broke
-his head on them in the First Battle of Ypres, at St. Eloi and the
-Barrier.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 2nd Division had completed ten days.of what was to be a
-months’ rest when the long-expected Hun offensive broke away
-south on the British right on March 21st. The 25th Battalion had
-only started their syllabus of training and recreation when they
-were ordered south. The northern limits of this effort of the Hun
-was marked by the southern boundary of the Canadian Corps’
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span>front, and here the 2nd Division took over the completely disorganized
-line of the Imperial troops. The sector was known as the
-Mercatel-Neuville Vetasse Sector. Here the 25th Battalion was
-engaged three months in punishing the German Division opposite.
-Each period of six days spent in the front line was marked by a
-raid on the enemy outposts, and sometimes our boys penetrated
-three-quarters of a mile into the Hun lines. So completely terrorized
-was Fritz by the vigorous onslaughts which occurred almost
-nightly and several times in broad daylight that no resistance was
-offered in most cases, and at length the news was gleaned from
-some of the last prisoners that the whole Division had to be withdrawn
-for re-equipment.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_085.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. J. WISE, D.S.O., M.C., CROIX DE GUERRE.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 25th Battalion established themselves as the “Master
-Raiders” of the Canadian Corps, and were called on for some
-officers and non-commissioned officers to instruct the famous
-Guards Division in the new and most effective art of keeping Fritz
-worried. Six of the raids conducted on this front were led by
-one officer, Lieut. (now Major) Max MacRae, every one of which
-netted prisoners, besides machine guns and documents. Among
-the other officers taking part in these raids
-were Captains Anderson and Holmes,
-Lieutenants Lounsbury, Hawes, Bell,
-Johnstone, Holly, Burchell, Spurr, and
-Wright. It was here that the Battalion
-established its record of successful raids
-and became known throughout the 1st
-and the 4th Armies as the “Raiding
-Battalion,” putting on about thirty raids
-in this sector.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Colonel (now Colonel) Blois,
-D.S.O., was granted leave to Canada and
-handed the Battalion over to Major (now
-Lieut.-Colonel) Wise in May, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the battle of Amiens, August 8, 1918, when the Canadian
-Corps was first launched into the grand offensive which broke the
-German morale and brought them begging for peace, the 25th
-Battalion was on the left of the Canadian Corps and in touch with
-the dashing Australian Corps on their left. The attack, like that
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>of nearly two years previous at Courcellette, was made with the 4th
-Brigade taking Villers, Brettonneux, and Marcelcave on the
-Amiens-Roye Railway, and a considerable stretch of country to the
-right of those towns. The plans were so well guarded and the
-assemblage of troops, guns, etc., so effectively concealed, that the
-enemy was utterly stunned at the suddenness of the attack and the
-speed with which it was pushed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After the 4th Brigade had established their line in front of
-Marcelcave the 5th Brigade carried on the attack through Wiencourt
-and Guillaucourt. The 25th Battalion encountered considerable
-opposition in a small wood south of Wiencourt; and it was
-there that most of the casualties occurred. Lieut. J. W. Holly, of
-St. John, was killed by machine-gun fire, and thirteen other officers
-were wounded in ousting the Huns from this wood.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_086.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. N. H. WETMORE.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>At Guillaucourt, Lieut.-Colonel Wise, who was the first to
-arrive at the objective, fell, severely wounded by a sniper’s bullet.
-The Adjutant, Capt. N. H. Wetmore, utterly disregarding his own
-safety, sprang to his O.C.’s assistance and became the target for a
-better directed bullet from the same sniper
-and fell, never to rise again.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major Day, second in command, who
-had been acting as a Brigade liaison officer
-during the attack, immediately assumed
-command of the Battalion and directed it
-in the advance on the following day when
-the towns of Vrely and Meharicourt were
-taken. After having advanced twelve
-miles in two days, the 2nd Division gave
-place to the 4th, who carried on to the
-outskirts of Hallu. This attack was certainly
-the most successful in which the
-25th Battalion had thus far been engaged. An immense area of
-beautiful country with some important towns had been taken from
-the Hun, with surprisingly few casualties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After a few days in the line in front of Hallu, the Battalion was
-moved to Berneville, near Arras, where the details were left behind
-and we were into it again—over Telegraph Hill and down the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>eastern slope to the Cojuel River on August 26th—a distance
-of four miles—fighting all the way; then across the dried-up bed
-of the stream on the 27th to Cherisy and past the Sensee River to
-the heights beyond; and then a tightening up of the Hun resistance,
-which meant a fruitless hammering at the strongly wired
-positions in front of Upton Wood and “the Crow’s Nest” on the
-28th.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 2nd Division had not rested since the 5th of August, and
-had penetrated to great depths in the enemy’s lines on two fronts.
-The tired troops could accomplish no more. The writer can
-testify that men actually fell asleep on their feet on the night of
-the 28th–29th of August, when a counter-attack was imminent.
-The state of mind of men when so thoroughly exhausted as our
-boys were at the end of the third day, is one that cares not what
-may happen to a body so completely worn out. It is then that
-sentiment—love of home, Battalion pride, and the shame of weakness—asserts
-itself and supports a man when everything tangible is
-wobbling.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_087.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. M. L. TUPPER.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>“C” Company lost a splendid officer
-when Capt. M. L. Tupper was killed. A
-relative of Major J. H. Tupper, who
-“paid the price” at Courcellette in 1916,
-he had shown a fearlessness in the face of
-the enemy and a conscientiousness in all
-his duties which well merited his appointment
-as O.C. “C” Company.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion had a respite of two
-days at Hautes Avesnes, on the Arras-St.
-Pol Road, over the anniversary of the
-landing in France and the Battle of Courcellette,
-September 15th, and was then
-continuously in the forward area until after the fall of Cambrai on
-October 9, 1918, engaging the Hun in the Inchy-Moeuvres and the
-Marcomg Switch Sectors, and clearing the Hun from the towns of
-Eseadoeueres and Ievuy, on the northern outskirts of Cambrai.
-“B” Company, under Lieutenant (now Major) MacRae, M.C.
-(two bars), did splendid work at Inchy on the 21st and 22nd
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>September, when they captured seven machine guns, killing the
-crews and straightening out a kink in our line.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In this wonderful last hundred days of the War, when the Hun
-had to be dislodged from the positions he had been preparing
-since his first check at the Marne in 1914, the deeds of valor which
-were enacted daily and hourly were too numerous to refer to here
-at any length. But mention may be made of some of the more
-notable recipients of War Decorations awarded officers, N.C.O.’s
-and men, who served with the 25th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>First in the list must come Lieut.-Colonel (now Brig.-General)
-Hilliam, who won the D.S.O. and two bars for personal gallantry
-in the field and was mentioned in despatches four times. He was
-also invested with the insignia of a Companion of the Bath (C.B.)
-and that of a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St.
-George (C.M.G.). Another officer who carries two rows of medals
-on his breast is Major G. McL. Matheson, D.S.O., M.C., and M.M.
-Lieut.-Colonel Wise wears the D.S.O. and the M.C., with the French
-Croix de Guerre. Lieut. M. M. Jordan wears the M.C., D.C.M.
-and Bar.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. Max MacRae was awarded the Military Cross three times.
-Company Sergt.-Major Dauphinee and Corporal Leggett each were
-awarded the Military Medal three times. Regimental Sergt.-Major
-Hurley was awarded the Military Cross, D.C.M. and French Croix
-de Guerre. Company Sergt.-Major Boudreau received the Croix
-de Virtute (Roumanian) besides the D.C.M., M.M. and Bar.
-Private Mickarek won the Russian Cross of St. George. And many
-officers and men won Military Crosses, D.C.M.’s, M.M.’s and Bars.
-A summary of the Battalion’s record of awards is given further
-below.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The last occasion on which the 25th Battalion was in hostile
-contact with the Hun was at the storming of Elouges, a mining
-town near Mons, on November 8, 1918. The casualties, though
-very light, only eleven men being killed, included some of the
-originals who had seen the thing through to this ringing down of
-the curtain. Some eleven, including Company Sergt.-Major George
-Vincent, D.C.M., Corpl. John Morrison and “Billie” Roberts, who
-had weathered the storm only to be swept over at the harbor’s
-mouth, lie asleep in the little civilian cemetery at Elouges, where
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>their graves will be guarded and cared for by the grateful people
-of the town, who welcomed the Battalion as liberators.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The boys of the Battalion were enjoying their “lionization” by
-the populace at Mons when the news was received at 9 a.m. on
-November 11, 1918, that we had but two hours more of hostilities
-when the Armistice would become effective.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The remaining three days were given over to celebrating what
-had been fought for, and prayed for during the last four years—<em>Victory</em>.
-A Thanksgiving Service was held in the little chapel in
-the town, conducted by the brave chaplain who had stuck to us
-through the “Last Hundred Days”—Capt. A. J. MacDonald. And
-the local pastor addressed us in an impassioned Address of Thanks
-in French, out of which the writer distinguished only the oft-repeated
-phrase, “<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Merci beaucoup, nos liberateurs</span>.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On November 19, 1918, the Battalion started on the long march
-to the Rhine. We crossed the German border near St. Vith at
-10.08 a.m., December 5th, with the Union Jack flying at the head of
-the column. At 10.47 a.m., December 13th, the Battalion crossed
-the Rhine at Bonn and proceeded to the “Cologne Bridgehead
-Outpost Line,” where we had the satisfaction of telling the Hun
-how he should act and also the pleasure of enforcing our instructions
-on him.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After six weeks on the Rhine, during which all ranks had an
-opportunity of visiting the famous cities of Cologne, Bonn and
-Coblenz, the Battalion returned to Belgium and went into billets at
-Arvelais, near Namur. On April 5, 1919, we started for Havre, and
-on the night of the 9th embarked on the old <em>Prince Arthur</em>, formerly
-of the Boston-Yarmouth service, and on the morning of the 10th
-arrived at Southampton and proceeded by train to Witley Camp in
-Surrey, where, after a month’s sojourn awaiting documents from
-the Record Office, we sailed from Southampton on the <em>Olympic</em>,
-May 10, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On board were the whole 5th Brigade and the 29th Battalion,
-6th Brigade. After an uneventful though pleasant voyage, and to
-the accompaniment of the music of several bands and the shrill
-whistles of factories, boats and auto horns on both sides of Halifax
-Harbor, the <em>Olympic</em> docked at Pier 2; and after a farewell to the
-22nd, 24th, 26th and 29th we lined up for our march to the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>Armories, which triumphal procession, to the writer, seemed to be
-but a part of a great dream, as the memory of the exile from home
-now seems but an hallucination.</p>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='3'>TOTAL NUMBER OF DECORATIONS WON IN THE WAR BY OFFICERS AND OTHER RANKS OF THE 25TH BATTALION, NOVA SCOTIA REGIMENT.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Decoration.</th>
-    <th class='c022'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c023'>Other Ranks.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>5</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>37</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>2nd Bar to M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>1</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bar to M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>6</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>27</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bar to D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>156</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bar to M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>2nd Bar to M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>M.S.M.</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>8</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Croix de Guerre</td>
-    <td class='c024'>3</td>
-    <td class='c010'>5</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Russian Cross of St. George</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Croix de Virtute Militata (Roumania)</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Medaille Barbatie si Credinta, 3rd Class (Roumania)</td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c024'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c010'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c024'>51</td>
-    <td class='c010'>230</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c018' colspan='3'>Mentioned in Despatches, officers, 17; other ranks, 15.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='4'>LIST OF ORIGINAL OFFICERS OF THE 25TH BATTALION.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lecain, G. A., O.C.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Roundhill, Ann. Co.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>69th Regt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Sponagle, J. A., M.D.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Middleton, N.S.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.A.M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Bauld, D. S., “D” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th Regt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Conrad, W. H., 2nd Comd.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>63rd   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Jones, A. N., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McKenzie, J. G., “B” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Westville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>78th Regt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>MacRae, D. A., “C” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Baddeck</td>
-    <td class='c018'>94th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McKenzie, L. H., Adjt.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Stellarton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>78th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Weston, A. W. P., Jr. Maj.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hon. Capt.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Graham, E. E., Chap.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Arcadia</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.M.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Holt, C. W.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Amherst</td>
-    <td class='c018'>93rd Regt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Logan, J. W., “C” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>63rd   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hon. Capt.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McPherson, D., Chap.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Sydney Mines, C.B.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Margeson, J. W., Paymaster</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Bridgewater</td>
-    <td class='c018'>75th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Medcalfe, W. B., “B” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Purney, W. P., “D” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Liverpool</td>
-    <td class='c018'>68th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Tupper, J. H., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Bridgetown</td>
-    <td class='c018'>69th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Whitford, W. L., “D” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Chester</td>
-    <td class='c018'>75th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Brooks, E. J., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Falmouth</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Bullock, L. N. B., “D” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>63rd   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Cameron, W. A., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>St. John, N.B.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Delancey, J. A.,  “M.G.”</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Middleton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>93rd   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Eville, C. K., “B” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>81st   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Grant, J. W.,  “B”  Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Amherst</td>
-    <td class='c018'>S.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'><span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Grant, J. A., “B” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>63rd Regt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Johnstone, L. H., “C” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Sydney</td>
-    <td class='c018'>81st   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Longley, H. G., “Trpt.”</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Paradise</td>
-    <td class='c018'>69th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Macaloney, C. W.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Morgan, E., “D” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Bear River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>69th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Mosher, C. M.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Mahone Bay</td>
-    <td class='c018'>75th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Murphy, V. P., “D” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>New Ross</td>
-    <td class='c018'>75th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McKay, K. L., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Inverness</td>
-    <td class='c018'>94th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McKinnon, D., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Woodbine</td>
-    <td class='c018'>94th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McLeod, H. A., “B” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Salt Springs, Pic. Co.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>78th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McNiel, G. M., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Iona</td>
-    <td class='c018'>94th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>McNiel, J. D., “C” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Whitney Pier</td>
-    <td class='c018'>S.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Newnham, T. F., “Qmst.”</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Roberts, G. E., “C” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Smith, B. H.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th Regt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Stairs, J. C., “A” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th   „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Tanner, F. I., “C” Co.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Pictou</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Young, G. R.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Kentville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.M.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>67001</td>
-    <td class='c009'>R.S.M. Miles, H. F.</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.C.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-<p class='c007'>Strength of Unit on proceeding to France on Sept. 15th, 1915.</p>
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Other Ranks.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>32</td>
-    <td class='c025'>1,000</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Reinforcements after coming to France.</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Other Ranks.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>231</td>
-    <td class='c025'>3,829</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Wounded and sick to England.</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Other Ranks.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>156</td>
-    <td class='c025'>2,557</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Killed in action and died in hospital.</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Other Ranks.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>32</td>
-    <td class='c025'>686</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021' colspan='2'>Missing.</th>
-    <th class='c021' colspan='2'>Prisoners.</th>
-    <th class='c025' colspan='2'>Transferred.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Off.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>O.Rs.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Off.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>O.Rs.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Off.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>O.Rs.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>2</td>
-    <td class='c021'>64</td>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c021'>8</td>
-    <td class='c021'>37</td>
-    <td class='c025'>682</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XII.<br /> <em>THE 40th BATTALION.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 40th Battalion was authorized January 1, 1915, under the
-command of Lieut.-Col. W. H. Gibsone (R.C.R.). As the
-men were recruited, detachments were formed at McNab’s
-Island, Halifax, Sydney, Glace Bay, North Sydney, Truro, Amherst,
-New Glasgow, Yarmouth, Lunenburg, Kentville and Digby.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion was finally mobilized at Aldershot Camp, N.S.,
-on May 11, 1915. Lieut.-Colonel Gibsone proceeded direct to
-France to become A.A.G. of the 3rd Canadian Division, which was
-then in process of formation. At Aldershot Camp, N.S., the 40th
-was first inspected by the Duke of Connaught and Brig.-General
-H. M. McLean, who commented on their splendid showing. On
-June 21st, under the command of Lieut.-Col. A. G. Vincent, the
-40th Battalion moved to Valcartier Camp, Quebec. Before leaving
-for Valcartier two drafts were despatched, one of twenty-five men
-to the 25th Battalion, and another of 250 men and five officers to
-England, as reinforcements.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At Valcartier strenuous work by all ranks drew special mention
-of the 40th by Major-General Sir Sam Hughes at a General Review
-of the Camp a week before sailing. The Battalion was also inspected
-later at Valcartier by the Duke of Connaught and also by Sir
-Robert Borden. A week before sailing a third call was made for
-reinforcements, and again five officers and 250 N.C.O.’s and men,
-all picked, were despatched to England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Notwithstanding this great drain, on October 18, 1915, the 40th
-sailed from Quebec on the <em>S.S. Saxonia</em>, with a strength of 1,143
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span>all ranks, under the command of Lieut.-Col. A. G. Vincent and the
-following officers:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Major C. A. Andrews, Second in Command.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major J. C. Ditmars.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. J. S. Legge, Adjutant.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. H. Fisher, Q.M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. G. M. Sylvester, Assistant Adjutant.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. A. W. Cunningham, Sig. Officer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. H. St. C. Jones, M.G. Officer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major Geo. Wood, Chaplain.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. E. Douglas, Medical Officer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. G. H. Gillis, Paymaster.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Major A. G. Nutter, O.C. “A” Company.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. W. E. Doane, Second in Command.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. Geo. Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. G. W. Anderson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. P. W. Freeman.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. A. S. Allen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. J. Harley.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. C. R. Chisholm, O.C. “B” Company.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. H. P. Bell, Second in Command.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. Mc.I. McLeod.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. J. D. McIntyre.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. W. W. Pickup.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. H. H. Heal.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. A. M. Ross, O.C. “C” Company.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. G. W. Dwyer, Second in Command.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. G. B. Murray.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. A. S. Churchill.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. C. E. Little.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. L. W. Ormand.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut: D. H. MacKenzie.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. W. Letcher, O.C. “D” Company.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. E. R. Dennis, Second in Command.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. B. F. Davidson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. F. P. H. Layton.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. R. Jago.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. L. W. W. Slacke.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. F. G. Robertson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. A. Anderson.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>On October 29, 1915, after an uneventful voyage the Battalion
-landed at Plymouth and proceeded to Bramshott Camp, being the
-first Canadian Infantry Battalion to enter that Camp, where they
-took over quarters from the Royal Irish Rifles. At Bramshott the
-40th joined part of the then contemplated 9th Brigade of the 3rd
-Canadian Division, which was under the command of General Lord
-Brooke.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Owing to the heavy demand for reinforcements, following the
-disastrous action of June 2, 1916 (the Third Battle of Ypres),
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span>the Battalion was moved to East Sandling to become the 40th
-Reserve Battalion, where drafts were despatched to nearly every
-Unit in the Canadian Corps. After many moves the 40th absorbed
-the remnants of the 64th, 104th, 106th and 112th Battalions, and
-finally returned to Bramshott to become the 26th Reserve Battalion,
-and was finally absorbed by the 17th Reserve Battalion.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_094.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. E. E. DENNIS<br />(killed in action at Vimy Ridge. April 5, 1917).</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 40th Battalion has the distinction
-that practically every officer and man of
-the original Battalion saw service in
-France. Ten of the officers were killed
-in action, viz.:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. A. M. Ross.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. W. E. Doane.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. E. R. Dennis.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. G. H. Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. W. W. Pickup (Major).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. G. M. Sylvester.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. A. Allen (Capt.).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. F. P. H. Layton.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. H. Fisher.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut. A. S. Churchill.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition, nineteen were, wounded.
-Twelve received the M.C., one the D.F.C.
-Several were promoted and mentioned in
-despatches for valuable service. It would
-be a long list to give the names of the N.C.O.’s and men of the
-original 40th who gave their lives. Several were promoted to commissioned
-rank in the Field and many others were decorated for
-valor. Wherever they went they acquitted themselves in such a
-manner that although never to cross the Channel as a Unit, the
-40th always received honorable mention in every fighting Unit in
-the Canadian Corps.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XIII.<br /> <em>THE 64th BATTALION, C.E.F.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 64th Battalion was authorized in June, 1915, and mobilized
-at Sussex, N.B., August 15th, 1915. It was originally
-intended that this should be a Highland Battalion raised in
-Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island; and
-having this in view, the officers were selected from the three
-provinces proportionately.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the Unit started to recruit, owing to New Brunswick and
-Prince Edward Island being still busy completing the 55th Battalion,
-all the recruits came from Nova Scotia, and eventually, when New
-Brunswick and Prince Edward Island began sending their quota,
-the ranks swelled to over 2,300, whereas the strength of a Battalion
-was only about 1,100 all ranks.</p>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_095a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. H. MONTGOMERY CAMPBELL.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_095b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>CAPT. G. H. MAXWELL</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_095c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. H. M. CAMPBELL</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 104th Battalion was then authorized as a New Brunswick
-Battalion, and all the New Brunswick men with some of the officers
-were transferred to the new Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. H. Montgomery Campbell, late 8th Hussars and
-Commanding Officer 11th Infantry Brigade, Military District No. 6,
-was appointed Commanding Officer 64th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>The Battalion organized and trained for ten weeks at Sussex,
-and early in November moved to Halifax, where at Pier No. 2 it
-went into winter quarters, continuing training till finally sailing on
-the 31st of March, 1916, for Liverpool on the <em>S.S. Adriatic</em>.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following officers proceeded overseas with the Unit:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>O.C., Lieut.-Col. H. Montgomery Campbell</td>
-    <td class='c021'>Formerly</td>
-    <td class='c018'>8th Hussars, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command, Major H. Flowers</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1st C.G.A., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Junior Major, Major G. H. Maxwell</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1st C.G.A., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Company Commanders—</td>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Major Angus W. McArthur</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>78th Regt., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Major G. Guy McLaughlin</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>67th Regt., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Major Guy L. Mott</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>81st Regt., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Major Francis L. Stephens</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th Regt., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Captains—</td>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Anglin, Gerald C.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.T.C., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Barbour, Roydon McF.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.T.C., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Bowron, Edward H.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>78th Regt., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Fairweather, Frank R.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>62nd Regt., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants—</td>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Blois, Arthur O.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th Regt., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Campbell, Herbert M.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>81st Regt., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Curren, Reginald H.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>14th K.C.H., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Flowers, Eric P.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1st C.G.A., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Gale, John R.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>62nd, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Guildford, David A.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1st C.G.A., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Gunn, James D.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>69th, N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Henry, John D.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>8th Hussars, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Hobkirk, Charles H.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>71st, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Keswick, Robert McL.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>73rd, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;McKay, Reary</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.T.C., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;McLean, James D.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.T.C., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;McCleave, Harry A.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>76th, N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Murray, Ralph M.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>74th, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;O’Leary, Harry</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>73rd, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Perks, Arthur J.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>66th, N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Rogers, William M.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>63rd, N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Russell, Bernard W.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A. N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Watt, William L.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>73rd, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Wetmore, Norman H.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.T.C., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Winslow, Donald B.</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Adjutant, Captain J. Hutton Wallace</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>81st, N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Medical Officer, Capt. Arthur C. Jost</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.A.M.C., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Quartermaster, Captain Samuel S. Wright</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.C.G.A., N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Chaplains—</td>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Hon. Capt., Rev. Wm. Fowler Parker</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&#8196;&#8196;Hon. Capt., Rev. Father Patrick McQuillan</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Paymaster, Hon. Capt. Robert M. Hope</td>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A., N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>On arrival in England, April 9th, the Battalion moved to Bramshott,
-where it remained for four weeks. It then moved to Otterpool
-for preliminary musketry, proceeding to Lidd for the final
-training in that branch. During the stay at Otterpool the Battalion
-was attached to the 6th Training Brigade, being inspected by Major-General
-Sir Sam Steele, together with the 63rd, 66th and 69th
-Battalions. After the inspection Major-General Steele informed
-the troops that they were fully equal to any troops he had ever
-inspected, but that owing to certain exigencies of the war it was
-impracticable to send them to the Front as Units. Next day the
-drafting commenced and 198 were sent to the A.S.C.</p>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_097a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>CAPT. F. FAIRWEATHER</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_097b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. REARY MCKAY</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_097c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. H. A. M‘CLEAVE</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>After one week at Lidd an order was received to send to Shorncliffe
-all those who had completed musketry. Five hundred other
-ranks in charge of Captain Fairweather moved out of camp at
-5 a.m. The next week was spent completing musketry, and on the
-following Sunday the remainder of the Battalion moved back to
-Otterpool. Other drafts were almost immediately called for of
-both officers and men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On July 3rd the last move was made to Caesar’s Camp near
-Folkestone. The remainder of the Battalion was handed over to
-the 40th Reserve, and the 64th for all practical purposes ceased to
-exist. The O.C. and Staff were employed in winding up the affairs
-of the Unit, the other remaining officers being ordered to hold
-themselves in readiness to proceed to France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>Every officer of this Unit eventually proceeded to France. Of
-the thirty-nine officers the following paid the supreme sacrifice,
-namely: Major G. H. Maxwell, Capt. Frank Fairweather, Capt.
-J. Hutton Wallace, Lieut. Herbert M. Campbell, Lieut. C. H.
-Hobkirk, Lieut. Reary McKay, Lieut. N. H. Wetmore, Lieut. H. A.
-McCleave—eight in all. Of the remainder twenty-four were
-wounded, only seven escaping the casualty list.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Battalion was undoubtedly one of the best trained Battalions
-leaving Canada. Many of its N.C.O.’s finally reached the
-Commissioned Ranks, and the Units in France were always pleased
-to get a detachment of 64th men.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XIV.<br /> <em>THE 85th BATTALION, NOVA SCOTIA HIGHLANDERS, AND THE 85th BATTALION BAND.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The first distinctly Highland Battalion to be organized in
-Nova Scotia for active service Overseas in the late War was
-the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders. The Battalion
-was authorized at Ottawa on September 14, 1915, with the appointment
-of Lieut.-Colonel Allison H. Borden as Commanding Officer.
-Headquarters for organization and mobilization were first established
-at the Military Camp, Aldershot, N.S., on September 23,
-1915. Recruiting proceeded rapidly, the idea of a distinctly Nova
-Scotia Highland Battalion having fired with enthusiasm the people
-of the Province, who, true to their ancestral Highland spirit, were
-found “<span lang="gd" xml:lang="gd">deas gu cath</span>” (ready for fight). The success of the recruiting
-drew an order from Ottawa for Battalion Headquarters to
-be transferred to Halifax, and for the Battalion to be mobilized in
-full strength and stationed in the Armories. Mobilization resulted
-on October 14, 1915, with the 85th Battalion 200 over strength. On
-that day occurred the first parade of the Battalion—a memorably
-impressive scene and event, by virtue of its contrasts in personnel;
-for in all ranks were officers and men who came from every walk
-of life, professional and industrial and commercial, with farmers
-and manufacturers amongst the officers, while clergymen, college
-professors, and teachers paraded shoulder to shoulder in the rank</p>
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>
-<img src='images/i_100.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. A. H. BORDEN, D.S.O.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 85th Battalion has the distinction of being the senior, and,
-as it were, the parent Unit of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade.
-But with the Brigade as such this chapter is not concerned. Its story
-has been told incidentally in connection with the other Units which
-made up the Brigade. It will suffice to remark, however, that this
-magnificent body of fighting men—“the very flower of Nova
-Scotia’s manhood”—after being noted by the military leaders and
-authorities in England “as the finest body of troops sent over from
-Canada,” was, under the exigencies of military supervision, finally
-broken up in England, and reorganized into two Battalions, the
-85th Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders, and the 185th Battalion,
-Cape Breton Highlanders. The latter Battalion—“<span lang="gd" xml:lang="gd">siol nan gaisgeach
-mora</span>”—became a splendid Unit in the so-called Fifth
-Division, but was denied the privilege and glory of seeing service
-in France as a Unit. The record of their compatriots, “D” Company
-of the 85th Battalion, at Virny and Passchendaele, a most
-glorious record, is sufficient proof that had the 185th Battalion,
-Cape Breton Highlanders, got to France as a Unit, the name not
-only of Nova Scotia Province but also of the Island of Cape Breton
-would to-day be shining with still greater glory than that which
-they now possess for brilliant military achievement in the late War.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>As it was, however, the records of individual officers and men of the
-185th Battalion who had transferred to the 85th and other Units
-on the 185th being broken up just before the initial drive of 1918,
-were such as to give a noble name not only to themselves individually,
-but also to the 185th Battalion and Cape Breton Island, where
-this splendid Unit of fighting men was recruited.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Reverting now to the 85th Battalion as such, after due training,
-and many inexplicable disappointments in earlier sailing for Overseas,
-the 85th Battalion, and the other Units of the Nova Scotia
-Highland Brigade, broke camp on October 11, 1916, and sailed for
-England on October 13, 1916, aboard H.M. Transport <em>Olympic</em>.
-The 85th and the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade disembarked at
-Liverpool on October 19, 1916, and immediately entrained for
-Witley Camp, Surrey, arriving in Camp the same evening. Following
-the breaking up of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, and the
-reorganization of the 85th, the Battalion sailed for France on
-February 10, 1917, going into training for service in the Field at
-Gouy Servins, Bouvigny, and Bouvigny Wood, from which quarters
-the Battalion moved up to Music Hall Line, in the reserves, to
-take part as “a working Unit” in the Battle of Vimy Ridge (April
-9, 1917).</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Including Vimy, the 85th Battalion was in the following engagements—Vimy,
-April 9 to 14, 1917; “The Triangle,” June 20, 1917;
-Ontario Trench, June 26, 1917; Eleu dit Leauvette and the Horse
-Shoe, June 28, 1917; Lens, July to October, 1917; Passchendaele,
-October 28 to November 2, 1917; Arleux, June, 1918; Fompoux,
-July, 1918; Amiens, August 8 to 11, 1918; Arras (Drocourt-Queant
-Line), September 2 to 5, 1918; Cambrai (Bourlon), September 25
-to October 2, 1918; Valenciennes, November, 1918; Quievrechain,
-November, 1918; Honnelle River. November, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>What the Battalion did after the signing of the Armistice is of
-no military significance. It returned from France to England on
-May 1, 1919, took part in the Great March of Triumph through
-London on May 3, 1919; sailed from England for Canada on May
-31, 1919; and arrived at Halifax on June 8. 1919, and two days
-later marched through the City of Halifax, which was <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en fête</span></i> to
-give the Unit a memorably joyous welcome home. It was not, however,
-a welcome from the city, but from the whole Province, and it
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>is estimated that 60,000 outside visitors—friends and relatives—of
-the returned victors must have been present among the citizens of
-Halifax to witness the home-coming parade of the 85th Battalion,
-Nova Scotia Highlanders. A week later (June 15, 1919), a
-remnant company of the Battalion fell in at Grafton Park, Halifax,
-and headed by the Royal Canadian Regiment Band, marched with
-its King’s and Regimental Colors to Government House, where the
-colors were deposited in the presence of His Honor Lieutenant-Governor
-Grant, Colonel W. E. Thompson, D.O.C., M.D. No. 6,
-and Staff. On the occasion Lieut.-Col. James Layton Ralston,
-C.M.G., D.S.O., with Bar, Commanding the 85th, read an address
-of farewell to the officers and N.C.O.’s and men assembled—and
-thus the history of the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders, as
-a fighting Unit, came to an end.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the proper places there will be explicit observations on the
-achievements of the Battalion, individual officers, N.C.O.’s and men
-on the Field. In the meantime, following is a summary of the
-honors and awards (259 in total) that belong to the Battalion:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>C.M.G.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Bar to D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>34</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Bar to M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>15</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.S.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>166</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Bar to M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>12</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Croix de Guerre</td>
-    <td class='c017'>5</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Mentioned in Despatches twice</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Mentioned in Despatches-Officers</td>
-    <td class='c017'>0</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Mentioned in Despatches-Warrant Officers</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c017'>259</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first “big show” or engagement in which the 85th Battalion
-took part was that of Vimy Ridge. Theirs was not at first an
-envious situation. The Battalion had been substituted for another
-in the 12th Brigade, but the actual taking over did not ensue till
-after the Battle of Vimy Ridge. For that engagement the 85th was
-attached to the 11th Brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General
-Odlum. For the Battle of Vimy Ridge the 85th moved into position
-in the reserves, and was to serve as “a working Unit,” that is,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>to follow up the troops in action, and to carry ammunition, build
-dugouts, keep up communication trenches, clear wire entanglements,
-and in general, as the phrase is, “to mop up.” The 85th, of
-course, could be called on, as they were, to fight in an emergency.
-But they were regarded as “green troops,” and it was not considered
-likely by the authorities that the Battalion would be efficient and
-steady under slaughterous fire. As a matter of fact, all the while
-between the Battalion’s arrival at Gouy Servins till the Unit moved
-out from quarters into the reserve at Music Hall Line for their
-part in the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Col.
-A. H. Borden, the Second in Command, Lieut.-Col. E. C.
-Phinney, the Adjutant, Major J. L. Ralston, and Assistant
-Adjutant, Lieut. A. T. Croft, had been preparing the Battalion as
-much for a fighting Unit as for a working Unit—having had the
-German lines at Vimy all taped out to scale, and having trained the
-Unit in every detail of the coming operation, until all ranks knew
-the precise “lay” of the Vimy Front and how the fighting Units as
-such would operate in action. Thus considered, the 85th Battalion
-was not a Unit of “green troops” in the ordinary acceptance of
-the phrase. They were “ready for fight”—and unexpectedly they
-got their chance, and achieved to their immortal glory.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battle of Vimy Ridge opened in the early morn of Easter
-Monday, April 9, 1917. At first it was all clear gain for the Canadians.
-But, at last, toward the evening, word kept coming back
-that the Canadian advance was being held up, that Hill 145 remained
-untaken, that it was a “nasty critical situation,” because
-the enfilading of the Huns would destroy attacking troops totally,
-and that if Hill 145 were not somehow taken, the engagement would
-fail. Where were there fresh troops who could be sent in to take
-Hill 145? It is understood that Colonel Hilliam, commanding the
-25th Battalion, Nova Scotia’s invincible “Shock Troops,” recommended
-that the 85th Battalion be selected for the feat. He assured
-Brigadier Odlum that even if they were “green troops” they would
-be steady under fire. The die was cast. Orders came from headquarters
-that two Companies of the 85th were to go into the line at
-sundown and assault Hill 145. Lieut.-Col. Borden, Commanding
-Officer, selected “C” and “D” Companies, and placed Capt.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>Percival W. Anderson in command, with Capt. Harvey E. Crowell
-in command of “C” Company.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_104.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. E. C. PHINNEY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>At zero hour “C” Company went over the top, followed immediately
-by “D” Company, but, for good reasons, without the usual
-barrage. The 85th had <em>dared</em>. The question now was on the part
-of the Units that had been held up, Would the 85th also <em>DO</em>?
-From the moment the Companies went over the top, they proceeded
-on to their objective, the crest of Hill 145, with the precision and
-steadiness of inured troops. There is no necessity to describe the
-assault in detail. But when the Huns first saw the 85th Companies
-going over the top, they were amazed. As the Companies proceeded
-forward, steady and indomitable in spite of the gun fire and the hail
-of bullets from concealed nests of machine guns, the while themselves
-wreaking destruction on the Bosche, the Germans became
-alarmed. And when the 85th Companies still kept on, in the same
-spirit, and with the same effectiveness, the Huns became disconcerted,
-and at last ignominiously turned and “beat it,” leaving Hill
-145—the Huns’ “pivotal strategic stronghold”—in possession of
-the 85th Companies and the Canadian
-Corps. The clearing up of the Ridge
-and the advance of the 85th Companies
-to the Lens-Arras Road need not detain
-us. On the morning of April 14, 1917,
-the Battalion was relieved by the Royal
-Sussex, and marched back to rest quarters
-at Bouvigny Huts.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There were many acts of heroism on
-the part of officers, N.C.O.’s and men
-during the first day of the Vimy Ridge
-“show” and on later days. One phrase
-might be applied to summarize the conduct
-of the Commanding Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel Borden), the
-Second in Command (Lieutenant-Colonel Phinney), and the
-Adjutant, Major J. L. Ralston, who had the task of consolidating
-the line after the taking of the Ridge; not only were they all the time
-“cool, calm and collected,” but the three showed distinct military
-genius. Outstanding was the conduct of Capt. Percival W. Anderson,
-who, amongst other exploits, single-handed performed a deed
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>of heroism which won for him the Military Cross (it should have
-been the V.C.). One of the men in the patrols suffered a bad
-wound. His groans were heard in “No Man’s Land,” but he lay
-where the whole field was raked by rifle and machine-gun fire.
-Captain Anderson would not ask or command any of his men to
-attempt a rescue, but went out himself and carried the wounded
-man back to safety. This splendid soldier and officer was killed at
-the Battle of Passchendaele, his death profoundly regretted; for he
-knew no fear, and he was a superb officer and leader of men, a
-splendid example of the Cape Breton Highlander.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The list of those who turned exploits and won awards at Vimy
-is too long to admit of detailed accounts. But specially to be mentioned
-are Capt. H. E. Crowell, Capt. H. B. Clarke, Chaplain, and
-later Transport Officer (acting); Lieuts. H. C. Verner (“Hell-Fire”
-Verner), Douglas Graham, Hugh A. Crawley, F. C. Manning;
-and amongst the privates and N.C.O.’s—Pte. C. A. McLeod, Pte.
-H. C. Steeves, Pte. A. J. Murphy, Pte. J. S. Westlake, Pte. L. M.
-Gates, Pte. K. Manoles, Pte. J. C. Taylor, Pte. C. J. Doucette,
-Runners, Ptes. W. E. Stackhouse, W. W. Pearson and G. B. Peck;
-Lance-Corporal A. F. MacAree, Lance-Corporal V. M. Lindsay,
-Lance-Corporal H. W. Hardy, Corporal C. D. Reid, and Sergt.
-W. U. Martel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The courage, pluck, indomitableness and resourcefulness of the
-officers, N.C.O.’s and men of the 85th Battalion at the Battle of
-Vimy Ridge were instanced not to glorify the Battalion, but to
-show forth the kind of “stuff” that was the spirit of the Unit.
-The same kind of spirit was shown in all subsequent engagements—“The
-Triangle,” Ontario Trench, Eleu dit Leauvette and the Horse
-Shoe and around Lens, up to Passchendaele. The outstanding
-phase of the long Battle of Passchendaele (October 28 to November
-2, 1917) was the recapturing of the front line by “D” Company
-(Cape Bretoners), commanded by Captain Ross M. MacKenzie—another
-“saving of the day,” as at Vimy, by the 85th Battalion.
-The 85th was, as decided, to be in the line for a day before going
-over the top. However, before that move, “D” Company was to
-take over the whole Battalion frontage, the other Companies to
-remain at the rear. A Western Canadian Unit was in the line, and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>just as “D” Company reached the line for the relief of the Western
-Battalion, the Huns launched a violent and destructive counter-attack.
-Captain MacKenzie and “D” Company saw that the
-Western Battalion was falling back, and the Huns advancing in
-great force. It was a critical situation, and Captain MacKenzie at
-once offered himself and his Company to reinforce the retiring
-Unit. The offer was gladly accepted. Captain MacKenzie ordered
-his Company to drop all kit, and to fix bayonets and advance in
-true Highland fashion. With huzzas they made for the enemy—dashing
-upon the Huns with such a rush and momentum, that the
-Huns became bewildered, next were seized with panic, broke, and
-“beat it.” The situation was saved, and the line recaptured
-shortly by continued advance to the position from which the
-Western Battalion was forced to retire. But that advance was
-costly in casualties, for it was covered by enemy machine guns and
-snipers’ posts. Then it was that the ancient fighting spirit of his
-Gaelic ancestors shone brilliantly in Captain MacKenzie, and he
-became the Gaelic Hero Cuchullain in the fight and in death.
-MacKenzie was shot through the abdomen—some say he was literally
-riddled—with machine gun bullets, and he fell. But he
-struggled to his feet and kept on with his Company, bleeding to
-death, and commanded his men, encouraging them, until he dropped
-exhausted into a shell hole. Even then, though undone, he would
-not be attended to, but kept encouraging his Company. Eventually
-he permitted himself to be placed on a stretcher, and while being
-borne away, he died—like Cuchullain too, unconquerable in death.
-There were many other individual examples of heroism on that
-day and during the days that followed at Passchendaele. But the
-slaughter was awful: and while the engagement added fresh glory
-to the 85th Battalion, and is a memorial to the living, it is to be
-regarded as an apotheosis of all 85th officers, non-commissioned
-officers and men who fell at that mysteriously ordered engagement—Major
-P. W. Anderson, M.C., Capts. John M. Hensley, E. R.
-Clayton, M.C., and Ross M. MacKenzie, Lieuts. Walter U. Martel,
-M.M., Frank O. Hutchison, Angus D. MacDonald, Norman C.
-Christie, Alexander D. Fraser, Fred J. Anderson, John R. MacFarlane,
-W. H. Murr and R. Salisman, and the 123 privates and
-non-commissioned officers. It was for their bravery and resourcefulness
-and indomitableness—their sheer invincibility—at Passchendaele
-that the 85th Battalion won from the other Units in the
-Canadian Corps and the Imperials the noteworthy, if slangy,
-complimentary epithet, “The Never Fails.”</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span></div>
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_107a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. A. D. FRASER.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_107b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>MAJOR P. W. ANDERSON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_107c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. ROSS MACKENZIE.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_107d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. A. D. MACDONALD.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_107e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. J. R. MACFARLANE.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_107f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. N. C. CHRISTIE.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_107g.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. JOHN M. HENSLEY.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>From Passchendaele to the signing of the Armistice would
-furnish only repetitions of the records of the 85th Battalion in
-action. It was all a most honorable and glorious record, quite
-worthy to stand beside that of Canadian Units which had seen
-longer service. It would not do, however, to bring this summary
-narrative to a close without mentioning the characteristics of the
-outstanding officers, but for whom the 85th would not have been a
-reality, or would not have achieved so splendidly. First, let it be
-remembered perennially that all honor and distinction belongs to
-Lieut.-Col. Allison H. Borden for conceiving the idea of a distinctly
-Nova Scotia Highland Battalion, and, later, a distinctly Nova
-Scotia Highland Brigade. As an officer he always displayed vision
-and decision, great gifts for organization; and in the Field he was
-a gallant and resourceful soldier, to whom the loss of men in action
-was felt as a poignant personal loss. He was awarded the Distinguished
-Service Order. But posterity will gratefully remember
-him and honor his name as the Organizer and Commanding Officer
-of the 85th Battalion, Nova Scotia Highlanders, and the Organizer
-and Brigadier of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. Lieut.-Col.
-Earle C. Phinney was a young officer, and, in turn, filled several
-positions from Adjutant to Commanding Officer in Canada and in
-England, and had the honor of taking the 85th to France, where,
-though he had voluntarily reverted to Second in Command, he was
-temporarily in Command till the arrival of Lieut.-Colonel Borden.
-He made a record at Vimy for coolness and resourcefulness in the
-Field. In a later engagement he was wounded, and was eventually
-invalided home. Lieut.-Col. J. L. Ralston, who brought the 85th
-home, as Commanding Officer, also served as Adjutant and as
-Commanding Officer in the Field. He was his officers’ and men’s
-ideal of “the splendid soldier,” intrepid and indomitable, and
-always resourceful. He was wounded several times: and was
-awarded the D.S.O. and Bar to the D.S.O., and honored by the
-King with the C.M.G. Lieut.-Col. Joseph Hayes was unique as an
-officer. He was the M.O. of the Battalion, and a more humane and
-intrepid M.O. there was not in the Canadian Corps. Though several
-years past the age limit, he never missed a day from the line from
-Vimy to Passchendaele, and did much to keep up the morale and
-fighting spirit of the officers and men of the 85th. In a phrase,
-Lieut.-Col. Joseph Hayes was a gallant officer, a genuinely brave
-soldier, and a humane and kind medical expert in the line. The
-hygiene of the Battalion, which was a record in the Canadian Corps,
-was due to Colonel Hayes’ rigorous supervision of camp and line
-sanitation and his meticulous care of the person, food and potables
-of the officers and men. He was awarded the D.S.O. It is impossible
-to make a “Homeric Catalogue” of the character and
-deeds of all the other officers. Suffice it to say that they all were
-good men and true. The Battalion had the distinction of having
-Sir Robert Borden, Premier of Canada, as Honorary Colonel.</p>
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>
-<img src='images/i_109.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. J. L. RALSTON, C.M.G., D.S.O</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Killed in Action while serving with the 85th in France and Flanders</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_110a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. O’DONOHUE.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_110b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. G. F. CANN.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_110c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. J. HOLLAND.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_110d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>MAJOR IVAN RALSTON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_110e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. GEO. T. LYE.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_110f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. ERIC LANE.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_110g.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. A. M‘KINNON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span><div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. N. L. CHIPMAN.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. CYRIL A. EVANS.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. W. T. RUGGLES.<br />Died after return to Canada.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUTENANT THURBER.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. T. M. M‘LEAN.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. F. C. MANNING.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111g.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. M. W. M‘KINNON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_111h.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. J. O. M‘LEOD.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'><em>85th BATTALION BRASS AND REED BAND.</em></h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c027'>The literary and the musical professions were well represented
-in the personnel of the 85th Battalion—by one
-historian, two poets, and a brass and wood-wind band, an
-organization of instrumentalists that gave the Battalion additional
-and peculiar distinction and glory. Lieut.-Colonel Hayes in England
-and France acted as a free-lance war correspondent and, on arrival
-home, set to work to prepare the History of the 85th Battalion. He
-produced an illustrated work of nearly 400 pages—a most readable
-volume, the first history of any Nova Scotia fighting Unit that had
-taken part in the late War. It was hurriedly prepared, under very
-difficult conditions, but despite a minimum of slight and inevitable
-discrepancies or omissions—every history from Thucydides to John
-Richard Green has these—it is a well-written and accurate work,
-a genuine monument to the literary acumen and devotion of that
-versatile and gallant officer, Lieut.-Col. Joseph Hayes. The two
-poets were the late Lieut. Frederick C. Manning, a brilliant alumnus
-of Acadia University, whose “Poems” were posthumously published.
-They are excellent poems, both in conception and in craftsmanship,
-and go to prove how great a wastage of brain power and
-rare spirit was caused by the late War. The other poet was Sergt.
-J. D. Logan, an alumnus of Harvard University. He was a free-lance
-war correspondent at the Front. He published two volumes
-of war poems—“Insulters of Death and Other Poems of the Great
-Departure” (1916), and “The New Apocalypse and Other Poems
-of Days and Deeds in France” (1919), besides a series of magazine
-articles on special phases of the War, a series entitled “From Vimy
-to Passchendaele” (1918), and before sailing for Overseas a
-pamphlet on the 85th Band (“Canada’s Champion Regimental
-Band”). All this is mentioned to show that military training for
-active warfare and actual warfare do not necessarily kill the finer
-spirit of men or turn soldiers from human beings into brutes. But
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>the chief aesthetic glory of the 85th Battalion was its extraordinary
-fine marching and symphonic band. Following are the salient facts
-in its history.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The band was the descendant of the old Albion Mines (Stellarton)
-Band, established in the ’40’s of the last century, and having
-a continuous history of nearly three-quarters of a century to date.
-It was for years the regimental band of the 78th Pictou Highlanders.
-Lieut.-Colonel Borden, commanding the 85th, asked Lieut.
-Dan. Mooney, bandmaster of the Stellarton or 78th Band, to
-organize a band for the 85th. The original personnel of the 85th
-Band, the personnel which went Overseas with the Battalion, was:
-Lieut. Dan. Mooney, Bandmaster; Sergt. J. C. Profitt, Corpls.
-W. D. MacLeod and Alex. Myers, Ptes. A. H. MacDougall, R. H.
-Roy, Ronald MacDougall, E. B. Mitchell (did not sail), R. Y.
-Geddes, C. A. MacDonald, A. J. Fraser, T. R. Roy, J. W. Henderson,
-T. B. Davidson (died in France), C. W. Appleton, H. P.
-Barnes, F. T. Freeman, J. J. Gray, T. Mason, C. A. (“Chud”)
-MacDonald, A. R. MacDonald, A. A. MacDougall, J. R. Munro,
-H. H. Murray, C. E. Purves, G. A. Rackham, W. D. Jamieson,
-F. A. Ryan, W. P. Cameron, Joseph Smith, James Roy, D. W.
-Cameron, W. E. Gallagher, F. D. Mooney, A. F. Gallant, W. Dunn
-(did not sail, died later), Sergt. J. D. Logan.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This band was distinguished in musicianship by <em>versatility</em>, <em>virtuosity</em>
-and <em>brilliancy</em>. It had acquired a notable reputation for these
-qualities in Canada, and when Overseas, in England, where it was in
-demand by towns near Camp Witley, for social functions of a semi-military
-or war-propaganda nature. The Director of Musical
-Services, who came to Camp Witley, to hear and conduct the band
-at rehearsal said of it, in writing: “<em>It is the best band that has
-come Overseas from Canada</em>,” and remarked specially on its precision
-in attack, its unanimity, its dynamic qualities and nuancing,
-and its brilliancy.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Now, bands in camp and rest quarters are regarded as good for
-the morale of Units, but generally were considered as impedimenta
-(or superfluous baggage) with a Unit active in the Field. But the
-officers and men of the 85th were insistent in their outspoken
-demand—“We want our band.” The problem was how to keep
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span>the band from being broken up, and how to get the bandsmen, with
-their instruments, into France. It was achieved by the characteristic
-resourcefulness of the Commanding Officer and officers. When
-the 85th crossed to France the band was not on the establishment.
-The bandsmen, however, were brought over on the strength as
-fighting men, and the instruments came along too, somehow mysteriously,
-as part of the Quartermaster’s stores (Capt. Robert
-Donaldson was Quartermaster—and a kinder and more resourceful
-Quartermaster there was not in the Canadian Corps). The bandsmen
-and their instruments being in France, their fixed place on
-the establishment of the Battalion was finally adjusted by the
-authorities.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The fame of this band soon spread throughout the 4th Division
-and the Canadian Corps, and into England; and it became a matter
-of perpetual demand for the 85th Band to be present and to play at
-concert parties and at parades and other functions of the Division
-and Brigade. This was due more particularly to the versatility of the
-band in <em>soloists</em> and a <em>group of entertainers</em> amongst the personnel,
-who formed a concert party by themselves. It is without question
-that Thomas Roy, euphonium soloist; Percival Barnes, piccolo and
-flute soloist; R. MacDougall and D. W. Cameron, cornet soloists;
-J. C. Profitt and Alex. Myers, clarinet soloists; Alex. (“Attell”)
-MacDougall, trombone soloist, and the trombone quartet (A. MacDougall,
-J. J. Gray, C. E. Purves, and James Roy) were as expert
-instrumentalists as the trained ear could wish to hear. They
-earned for the band its name for virtuosity and brilliancy. The
-group of entertainers comprised H. H. Murray, George Rackham,
-Frank (“Hunk”) A. Ryan, C. W. Appleton and Ronald MacDougall.
-Murray was vocal soloist, with band accompaniment,
-having a rounded cantabile baritone. He was also “the lead” in
-the theatrical entertainment, sketches and vaudeville, with Rackham
-as foil. Ryan, Appleton and R. MacDougall were step dancers,
-and Ryan was noted for his eccentric dancing specialties. The
-group, assisted by the other members of the band, also produced
-“The Old Homestead,” in costume, at the Front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the day of the Great March of Triumph through London,
-May 3, 1919, the 85th Band made a distinct popular “hit” with
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span>the Londoners. The Director of Musical Services, noted the fact
-in the following official communication:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-r c020'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“Argyll House,</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>“London, W.I.,</div>
-      <div class='line in4'>“May 5th, 1919.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-l c020'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“To—</div>
-      <div class='line in4'>”<span class='sc'>Lt.-Col. G. S. Harrington</span>,</div>
-      <div class='line in8'>“Deputy Minister, O.M.F.C.,</div>
-      <div class='line in12'>“34 Grosvenor St., W.I.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c019'>“<span class='sc'>Sir</span>,—I have the honor to bring to your notice the musical
-report of the bands marching through London:—</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“‘The 85th Battalion Band, thirty performers, under Lieutenant
-Mooney, Bandmaster. This famous marching band has been sadly
-depleted by war losses, but gave a fine, spirited performance, which
-was much admired.’</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-r c020'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“I have the honor to be,</div>
-      <div class='line in8'>“Sir,</div>
-      <div class='line in4'>“Your Obedient Servant,</div>
-      <div class='line in12'>”<span class='sc'>Jasper Vale-Lane</span>,</div>
-      <div class='line in16'>“Musical Director.”</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>It should be noted that the band was considerably augmented
-when in France; and that one member, T. B. Davidson, died, while
-Ben. Hichens and H. Luscomb were killed in action. It should
-also be noted that the 85th returned officers and men organized,
-under the name “The 85th Clansmen,” and “The 85th Memory
-Club,” to perpetuate the name of the Battalion and the memory of
-the fallen by reunions on the days of the engagements in which the
-Battalion took part.—L.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XV.<br /> <em>106th BATTALION, C.E.F.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_116.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. R. INNES.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 106th Battalion, Nova Scotia Rifles, was authorized on
-November 8, 1915, and recruiting commenced at once. Being
-the first Rifle Battalion recruited in the Maritime Provinces,
-it appealed strongly to the members of the various rifle clubs and
-was soon up to strength.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The standards of the Battalion were
-high. Regimental schools for the training
-of non-commissioned officers were
-established. The motto of the Battalion
-was “None So Reliable,” and all ranks
-sought to make the Battalion worthy to
-bear such a name.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Headquarters were established at
-Truro, where two Companies were stationed;
-the other two Companies were
-stationed at Springhill and Truro.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span></div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_117a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. W. R. M‘ASKILL</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_117b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. R. H. SAWLER</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_117c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. A. H. WALKER</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_117d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. A. M. O’BRIEN</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_117e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. P. A. FULTON</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span></td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='3'><span class='sc'>List of Officers.</span></th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Lieut.-Col. Robert Innes</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Major O. G. Heard</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Capt. C. M. Williams</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Capt. G. M. Bryce</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Capt. E. L. Miller</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Capt. W. L. Muir</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Medical Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Hon. Capt. G. McL. Dix</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Chaplain.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'><a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. H. C. Dawson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Assistant Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Lieut. S. D. Morrison</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Signalling Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Lieut. R. Flemming</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Machine Gun Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Lieut. J. T. Arenburg</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Bandmaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. W. R. McAskill</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Base Detail.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c018' colspan='3'>“A” Company.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Major E. W. Joy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. C. B. McMullen</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. J. F. Hallisey</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. P. A. Fulton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. W. R. Cox</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. F. S. Huntley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c018' colspan='3'>“B” Company.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major W. J. H. Moxom</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. F. D. Dodsworth</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. A. M. O’Brien</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. M. McRae</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. A. H. Walker</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. F. V. Burgess</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c018' colspan='3'>“C” Company.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. A. McPherson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. E. J. Lounsberg</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. H. A. Allum</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. R. H. Sawler</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'><a href='#f1' class='c028'><sup>[1]</sup></a>Lieut. C. E. Howson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. G. R. Harrison</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c018' colspan='3'>“D” Company.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. R. Maxwell</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. T. C. King</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. W. J. Brothers</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. M. J. Dryden</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. W. A. Livingstone</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. G. C. McDermid</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion left Canada July 15, 1916, and encamped at Lower
-Dibgate, Shorncliffe, England. There it met the fate of many other
-Canadian Units, by being broken up into drafts to reinforce Battalions
-in the Field.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XVI.<br /> <em>112th BATTALION, C.E.F.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Authority for the recruiting of the 112th Battalion, with
-headquarters in the historic town of Windsor, N.S., was
-granted in November, 1915. Its personnel was composed of
-officers and men drawn chiefly from the western part of Nova
-Scotia, embracing the counties of Halifax, Hants, Kings, Annapolis,
-Digby, Yarmouth, Shelburne, Queens and Lunenburg. Recruiting
-progressed with unique rapidity and by the middle of April, 1916,
-the Battalion was at full strength. Over 1,500 men applied for
-enlistment, and of these about 300 were found medically unfit.
-The significance of this achievement will be seen when it is considered
-that it was accomplished without the aid of any extensive
-recruiting campaign, but by the united effort of each officer and
-man.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the early days of the Unit each county was allowed to keep a
-detachment, providing it numbered fifty men or more, who trained
-in their own locality until finally mobilized in Windsor in May, 1916.
-There the Battalion encamped on the hill of Fort Edward, where
-it was subjected to a rigorous training, and the progress made
-elicited much praise from Major-General Sir Sam Hughes, then
-Minister of Militia, who inspected the Unit about the beginning of
-July, 1916. The period of training at Windsor was one of keen
-enjoyment to all concerned. Its discipline was stern, its experience
-was at times hard, but the life was altogether wholesome and
-profitable, which was evidenced by the improvement in the bearing
-and appearance of the Unit during its short stay at Windsor.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion was commanded by Lieut.-Col. H. B. Tremaine.
-The other officers were: Majors W. F. D. Brennan, second in command;
-T. M. Seely, M. S. Parker, T. A. Mulock; Capts. R. W.
-Churchill, O. G. Dauphinee (killed in action), R. T. Christie,
-J. Flemming (Adjutant), E. S. Spurr, M.C. (killed in action),
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>M. P. Titus (Quartermaster), H. A. MacDonald (Paymaster),
-John St. C. McKay (Medical Officer), C. R. Cumming (Chaplain),
-G. R. Martell (Chaplain), Lieuts. J. T. Probert, M.C. (killed in
-action), R. S. Parsons, W. D. Comstock, J. W. Hughes, J. K.
-Swanson (killed in action), W. G. Foster (killed in action),
-G. M. Hebb (killed in action), A. M. Parsons, M.C., R. M.
-Morris, M.C., R. B. Logan, A. H. Creighton, P. L. Wilcox,
-J. W. G. Lardner, W. P. Harmon, W. H. Smith, J. C. Lithgow,
-R. W. Dill, E. W. Bell, C. C. Morash, M. L. Tupper (killed in
-action), W. J. Sangster, L. E. Langley (killed in action), R. Henshaw,
-R. M. McGregor (killed in action), O. H. Lunham, G. W.
-Banks, A. T. E. Crosby, H. L. Gates.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_120.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. WM. GORE FOSTER.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. G. R. Martell, Rector of Christchurch, Windsor, N.S.,
-and Chaplain of the Battalion throughout its organization, did
-splendid work in recruiting and was beloved by all ranks. Owing
-to his inability to proceed Overseas, the Rev. Charles R. Cummings
-was appointed Chaplain and held the position until transferred to
-hospital duty in England preparatory to proceeding to the Chaplain
-Services in France in January, 1917.
-Captain Martell died in June, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Colors for the 112th Battalion were
-made by Mrs. Annie Pratt, of Windsor,
-Nova Scotia, and were presented to the
-Battalion by Mrs. Tremaine, wife of the
-Commanding Officer, on Friday afternoon,
-July 21, 1916. The Battalion was
-formed up in mass in front of the bandstand
-at Victoria Park, Windsor, and
-addresses were delivered by the Chaplain,
-Mayor Roach, and others. The next day
-the colors were deposited in Christchurch,
-Windsor, where the officers and men attended divine
-service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 112th Battalion embarked at Halifax, July 23, 1916, on
-<em>H.M.T. Olympic</em>, and arrived at Liverpool on July 31st. Here it
-entrained and proceeded to Oxney Farm near Bramshott. The
-Unit remained there for about three weeks, after which it moved to
-Bramshott on the departure of the 4th Division for France. In
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>Bramshott the Battalion was put through very intensive training,
-and on October 5th the first draft of 122 other ranks left for France
-to reinforce the 25th Battalion. On October 10th, 212 other ranks
-and on October 29th, 40 other ranks were sent to the 25th Battalion,
-all of whom proved to be a very welcome acquisition to that
-famous Unit. Other drafts found their way to the Royal Canadian
-Regiment. Most of the officers were detailed to special schools in
-various parts of England for a time, after which they were gradually
-absorbed by the Battalions already at the Front. At one time it
-was expected that the Battalion would become a Forestry Unit and
-be sent to France, but for some reason this did not eventuate, and
-the Battalion was gradually depleted until the remnant was finally
-merged into the 26th Canadian Reserve Battalion in February, 1917.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XVII.<br /> <em>THE 185th BATTALION (CAPE BRETON HIGHLANDERS).</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>BY CAPT. ANGUS L. M‘DONALD.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_122.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. F. P. DAY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c014'>It is a difficult task indeed to compress a history of the 185th
-Battalion into the space allotted for the purpose in this book.
-It is a difficult task, because, if we exclude those Battalions that
-saw active service as complete Units, the history of the 185th is
-longer than that of any other Nova Scotia Battalion. It is a
-difficult task because, through this long association and through the
-high standard of efficiency to which the
-Battalion attained, there grew up between
-all ranks a spirit of pride in their Unit
-and of affectionate regard for each other,
-which may be fairly said to be almost
-unique, and which deserves a monument
-much grander and more enduring than
-this sketch can hope to raise.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The origin of the 185th may be said
-to be in the 85th Nova Scotia Highland
-Battalion, recruited by Lieut.-Col. A. H.
-Borden in the autumn of 1915. The
-enthusiasm with which the people of
-Nova Scotia hailed the advent of the 85th Battalion engendered the
-more ambitious idea of a Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, and in the
-months of February and March, 1916, there was conducted in Nova
-Scotia a recruiting campaign for the raising of three additional
-Battalions, to form, with the 85th, a complete Brigade. The remarkable
-success of that campaign is now part of our Nova Scotian
-history.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Island of Cape Breton was given the task of raising a
-Battalion, to be known as the 185th and to be under the command
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>of Lieut.-Col. F. P. Day (then Major Day) of the 85th Battalion.
-Though Cape Breton had already given men to the colors, in
-numbers far in excess of her due proportion, nevertheless, the
-prospect of seeing active service with a Unit distinctly and entirely
-Cape Breton, so fired the imagination of the young men of the
-Island that in three weeks the Battalion was recruited to full
-strength.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The system of recruiting employed was well calculated to obtain
-the best results. First, the officers were selected. Some of them
-were Cape Bretoners, serving with the 85th Battalion, a few came
-from the Officers’ Training Corps of the Colleges, but the majority
-were drawn from the 94th, the Cape Breton Militia Unit. These
-officers were sent out into their own native districts to recruit men
-for their own Companies or Platoons, and the assurance was given
-that men from the same locality would be placed together in the
-same Company, Platoon, or Section as the case might be, and under
-an officer from that locality. That assurance was kept sacredly.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The motto selected for the Battalion was the same as that of
-the 85th—“<span lang="gd" xml:lang="gd">Siol Na Fear Fearail</span>”—“Seed of Manly Men.” That
-motto was highly appropriate, for the ranks of the Battalion were
-in large part filled by descendants of Highlanders—those manly
-men who peopled Cape Breton in late 18th and early 19th centuries.
-To the Highland element in the population of Cape Breton the 185th
-made its greatest appeal, for the promise had been given that the
-Battalion should wear Highland garb, and the prospect of joining
-a Unit which should be clad in that picturesque and historic dress
-undoubtedly touched the Highland imagination. But the other
-races did not lag behind. The French, Irish and English elements
-were well represented, and there were not a few recruits of Italian
-and Russian extraction.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“A” Company of the 185th came from the counties of Inverness,
-Victoria and Richmond; “B” Company from Glace Bay and
-New Waterford; “C” Company from North Sydney and Sydney
-Mines; and “D” Company from Sydney. Broughton, eighteen
-miles from Sydney, was chosen as a mobilization centre, and there
-the Battalion assembled during the first week of April, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At Broughton, three bands, Pipe, Brass and Bugle were organized.
-The citizens of Glace Bay, the Royal Cape Breton Yacht
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>Club, the “Green Feather” Societies of North Sydney and Sydney
-Mines, and Mr. Thomas Cantley, of New Glasgow, each presented
-four pipes and three drums to the Battalion. Money for the purchase
-of instruments for the Brass Band was subscribed by the
-citizens of Sydney. For the Regimental March, the stirring Highland
-air, “A Hundred Pipers,” was chosen.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Broughton did not offer a suitable ground for advanced
-training; and so on May 26th, 1916, the Battalion entrained for
-Aldershot, N.S., where the Highland Brigade was to spend the
-summer of 1916, under the command of Lieut.-Col. A. H. Borden,
-who had recruited and commanded the 85th Battalion. The other
-Battalions of the Brigade were the 85th, 193rd and the 219th.
-During the summer the Brigade was reviewed by H.R.H. the Duke
-of Connaught, Governor-General of Canada; by Sir Sam Hughes,
-Canadian Minister of Militia; by Major-General Lessard, Inspector-General
-for Canada. It was twice reviewed by Sir Robert Borden,
-Prime Minister of Canada. On the last visit of Sir Robert Borden,
-he was accompanied by Lady Borden, who presented colors to the
-Battalion. The colors are of beautiful design, rich material and
-elegant workmanship. They were received on behalf of the
-Battalion by Major Harrington and Lieutenants Purves and Livingstone,
-and were blessed by Capt. Michael Gillis, Roman Catholic
-Chaplain to the Battalion. (The colors were taken to England with
-the Battalion and after the War were returned to Canada, deposited
-in the Cape Breton County Court House at Sydney.)</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On October 4th the Battalion underwent successfully at the
-hands of Major-General Lessard its last inspection in Canada.
-Preparations for embarking for England were begun and on October
-11th the 185th bade good-bye to Aldershot and entrained for
-Halifax. That evening they marched on board “His Majesty’s
-Transport, 2810,” the war-time designation of the great steamship
-<em>Olympic</em>.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At five o’clock on the evening of October 13th the <em>Olympic</em>
-steamed out of Halifax Harbor, bearing the Nova Scotia Highland
-Brigade, surely the most precious cargo that Nova Scotia ever
-entrusted to the mighty Atlantic. The docks at Halifax were
-thronged on that day with thousands of people from all parts of
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>Nova Scotia who had come to say good-bye—in many cases unfortunately
-a last good-bye—to relatives and friends. Nova Scotia
-loves her own, sorrows over their departure from her bosom, and
-watches their fortunes under foreign skies with a fond eye and an
-anxious heart. I was told in London that, after any battle in which
-Canadian troops had taken part, there were more enquiries at Canadian
-Headquarters in London, from Nova Scotians, than from
-people of any other Province of Canada. I could well believe this
-to have been so, for in Nova Scotia character, friendship and
-loyalty to kith and kin are outstanding characteristics.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The officers of the 185th at the time of sailing for England were
-as follows:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Honorary Colonel</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Col. D. H. MacDougall.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut.-Col. Frank P. Day.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Major J. G. Johnstone.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. R. C. Jackson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Medical Officer</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. J. A. Munro.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Paymaster</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. R. MacDougall.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Quartermaster</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. J. T. Malone.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Protestant Chaplain</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. A. J. MacDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>R. C. Chaplain</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. Michael Gillis.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Machine Gun Officer</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut. J. A. Holland.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>“A” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. J. MacIsaac.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. A. L. Macdonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>H. N. Price, John MacKenzie, J. D. MacKenzie, E. M. Johnstone.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>“B” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Major G. S. Harrington.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. A. J. MacInnis.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C. MacLeod, W. F. Carroll, J. A. McKinnon, J. H. MacIvor.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>“C” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. W. W. Nicholson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. Alex. MacDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>T. D. A. Purves, D. N. MacDonald, L. G. MacCorrison.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>“D” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Major J. W. Maddin.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. C. W. Sutherland.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>A. M. Fraser, D. M. Wiswell, G. D. Crowell, D. Livingstone.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The voyage from Halifax to Liverpool was made in a little
-over five days. The Battalion disembarked on the morning of
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span>October 19th, the Pipe Band playing the men down the gangway.
-Immediately the train was taken to Witley Camp, which was
-reached after a journey of eight hours. Here the Battalion settled
-down to work as part of the 12th Canadian Infantry Training
-Brigade, which name replaced the old name, “Nova Scotia Highland
-Brigade.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In early December there came tidings which nearly every Canadian
-Battalion that ever went to England had grown to dread.
-The Battalion was called on to supply a draft of 192 men for
-France. The other Battalions of the Brigade had received similar
-orders, the total number of men required from the Brigade being
-800. The call for these drafts seemed to spell the disruption of
-the Brigade, notwithstanding promises to the contrary in Canada.
-The strongest protests were made by officers of the Brigade, but to
-no avail. On December 5th the drafts set out for Southampton
-whence they were to embark for Havre. The 185th sent 20 men
-to the 42nd (Montreal) Battalion, and 172 men to the 73rd
-Battalion, also of Montreal.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Each Battalion of the Brigade had now been considerably
-reduced in strength, and the Canadian authorities in England
-decided to amalgamate the 219th with the 85th Battalion, and the
-193rd with the 185th Battalion. Officers and men in any one of
-these four Units who were not physically fit were sent to the 17th
-Nova Scotia Reserve Battalion at Bramshott. The Nova Scotia
-Highland Brigade was no more, and the hope in every heart now
-was that the two Battalions—85th and 185th—which constituted
-what was left of that Brigade, might reach France as Units.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After the amalgamation of the 193rd, the officers of the 185th
-were as follows:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut.-Col. F. P. Day.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut.-Col. R. J. S. Langford.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Major J. W. MacDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Medical Officer</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. J. A. Munro.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Quartermaster</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. F. C. Baird.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Paymaster</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. R. MacDougall.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Assistant Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut. W. E. Macdonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Machine Gun Officer</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut. J. A. Holland.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Musketry Officer</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut. D. M. Wiswell.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Scout Officer</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut. H. N. Price.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Bombing Officer</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Lieut. J. D. MacKenzie.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'><span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span>“A” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. J. MacIsaac.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. A. L. Macdonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>John MacKenzie, E. M. Johnstone, T. E. Logan, C. J. Markham.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>“B” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Major J. P. LeGallais.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. F. B. Schurman.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>J. A. McKinnon, J. H. MacIvor, J. Soy, P. T. Andrews, H. A. Dickson, A. D. Baxter.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>“C” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. W. W. Nicholson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. Alex. Macdonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D. J. MacGillivray, H. F. Orman, L. G. MacCorrison, H. D. Cunningham, D. Livingstone.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>“D” Company—</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. R. C. Jackson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Capt. C. W. Sutherland.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieutenants</td>
-    <td class='c018'>A. M. Fraser, J. O. MacLeod, J. J. Murray, G. D. Crowell, H. C. Lowther.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>About this time the Battalion received permission to use as its
-official name, “185th Canadian Infantry Battalion (Cape Breton
-Highlanders),” instead of “185th Canadian Infantry Battalion,”
-as before.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the spring of 1917, the 5th Canadian Division was organized
-at Witley Camp, under the command of Major-General Garnet
-Hughes, who had already won high distinction in France. The
-185th was given a place in that Division. The Division was
-assured that it would be sent to France, and in that hope it set to
-work with such earnestness that in the summer of 1917 it was
-regarded as one of the most efficient Divisions that had ever
-trained in England. The 185th by hard and persevering work had
-won the reputation of being unexcelled, and by many unbiased
-observers it was regarded as unequalled, in the whole Division.
-Certainly, the Battalion was often specially complimented by
-Inspecting Officers and was often singled out for particular honor.
-At the great Dominion Day Parade in London, in 1917, the Guard
-of Honor for the Colors was drawn from the 185th. Again and
-again its teams won from other Battalion teams in competitions in
-Musketry, Bayonet Fighting, Physical Training, Drill and Machine
-Gun Work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>From the first the men had looked forward eagerly to the day
-when kilts would be issued to the Battalion. Their wish was
-realized in August, 1917, when kilts of the Argyll and Sutherland
-tartan were authorized to be worn, and sufficient kilts were sent to
-the Quartermaster to clothe the whole Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Reference has been made already to the promise given to the
-5th Division that it would go to France intact. That promise was
-repeated several times, and the hope that it would be kept was the
-only ground on which men could be induced to remain contentedly
-in England. But no phrase has done better service during the War
-than the phrase “military exigencies,” and it was invoked once
-again to justify the disbanding of the 5th Division in February,
-1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Coincident with the breakup of the Division came the order to
-the 185th to furnish a draft of two officers and one hundred men
-to each of the three Nova Scotian Battalions in France—the 25th,
-85th and R.C.R. All the men at once volunteered. Sergeants
-reverted to the rank of private in order to get to France more
-quickly; Colonels reverted and became Majors; Majors became
-Captains and Captains Subalterns. The drafts for France were
-finally selected, and the rest of the Battalion was ordered to be sent
-to Bramshott, to be absorbed by the 17th Reserve. On February
-23rd the Battalion paraded for the last time, the drafts for France
-stood fast, the draft for Bramshott swung out on the London-Portsmouth
-Road, the pipers played their last march, and the 185th
-passed out of existence as an Overseas Unit forever.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is idle now to lament its unhappy fate, or to deplore the
-peculiar policy that was pursued toward it and other Battalions of
-the 5th Division, but Cape Bretoners everywhere will always have
-difficulty in restraining a regretful sigh over the lot of their own
-and only Battalion. Let it always be remembered, however, that
-through no fault of its own did the 185th fail to reach France as a
-Unit. It kept faith with the people of Cape Breton, and it established
-a standard which any Battalion might be proud to emulate.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>But though there never fell to this Battalion the supreme honor
-of battle or the glory of triumph, its individual members went
-forth to war, stronger in training, in discipline, in comradeship and
-in spirit from their association with the Cape Breton Highlanders.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>Every officer of the Battalion saw service in some theatre of war,
-and five of them now sleep on the field of honor—Lieutenants
-Fraser, Holland, MacIvor, Livingstone and J. O. MacLeod. Nearly
-every other officer of the Battalion has been wounded, and several
-have been decorated for bravery. Of the men it is enough to say
-that incomplete returns show that 136 of them fell in action. On
-their graves may the turf lie lightly. Truer hearts or more gallant
-spirits never fought for any cause, and to them we may be sure that
-every Cape Breton tongue will apply with heartfelt sincerity the
-words that have been chosen for the crosses that will mark the
-graves of British soldiers buried in France—“Their Name Liveth
-Forevermore.”</p>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_129a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. A. FRASER</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_129b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. J. H. M‘IVOR</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_129c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>LIEUT. D. LIVINGSTONE</span><br />(killed in action).</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_129d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>CAPT. JOHN T. MALONE</span><br />(died on active service).</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XVIII.<br /> <em>THE 193rd BATTALION.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 193rd Battalion was authorized on January 27, 1916,
-and John Stanfield, M.P. for Colchester, in the Dominion
-House of Commons, was gazetted Lieut.-Colonel and
-appointed Commanding Officer.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_130.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. JOHN STANFIELD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>For a few weeks following this date the 193rd Battalion was not
-regarded as a Highland Brigade Battalion, but on February 23,
-1916, Lieut.-Colonel Stanfield was officially
-notified that the 193rd had been
-selected as one of the Brigade Units.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Organization for recruiting had
-already been effected, and the 193rd was
-in a position to join in the Brigade campaign
-at once. The territory of the
-Battalion embraced the six Eastern
-Counties of the Mainland—Cumberland,
-Colchester, Hants, Pictou, Antigonish
-and Guysboro, with headquarters at
-Truro. Within one month the Battalion
-was over strength.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On March 24th Capt. J. L. Ralston, of the 85th Battalion,
-reported for duty as Acting Adjutant. His assistance was invaluable
-and counted for much in these early days of organization.
-Capt. J. Welsford MacDonald relieved him on April 7th and was
-appointed Adjutant. He was later succeeded by Capt. F. B.
-Schurman.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In February Lieut.-Colonel Stanfield had asked for the services
-of Capt. R. J. S. Langford, of the Royal Canadian Regiment,
-Halifax. On April 18th Captain Langford was attached to the
-193rd, with the rank of Major, was appointed second in command
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>and took over the duties of officer in charge of training. The high
-standard of efficiency to which the Battalion later attained was
-brought about by Major Langford’s enthusiastic and unremitting
-efforts.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_131.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. “TOMMY” LOGAN.<br />Killed in action.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The mobilization of the Battalions of the Highland Brigade at
-Camp Aldershot in May, 1916, is dealt with elsewhere in this
-volume. The 193rd arrived in Camp 300
-men over strength.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in September the Brigadier,
-Lieut.-Colonel Borden, left for England,
-and was succeeded in the command of
-the Brigade by Lieut.-Colonel Stanfield.
-Major Langford took over the command
-of the Battalion with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On September 26th, Lady Borden,
-wife of the Premier of Canada, presented
-King’s and Regimental Colors
-to the four Battalions of the Brigade.
-The distinctive color selected by the 193rd was “Royal Blue.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion embarked on the <em>Olympic</em>, October 12th. The
-officers at that time were:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Lieut.-Col. R. J. S. Langford</td>
-    <td class='c029'>O.C</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major J. P. LeGallais</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. F. B. Schurman</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. F. C. Baird</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. C. S. McArthur</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. E. D. McLean</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Medical Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. J. F. Tupper</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Chaplain.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c019'>“A” <span class='sc'>Company</span>—Major A. T. McLean, Company Commander; Capt.
-C. A. Good, Second in Command; Lieuts. H. F. Orman, D. J. McGillivray
-P. Andrews, H. A. Dickson.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“B” Company—Capt. R. K. Smith, Company Commander; Capt. R. G.
-McKay, Second in Command; Lieuts. N. C. Christie, J. M. Soy, H. C.
-Lowther, C. F. Wetmore.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“C” <span class='sc'>Company</span>—Major A. A. Sturley, Company Commander; Capt. A. B.
-Todd, Second in Command; Lieuts. H. DeW. Cunningham, H. B. Potter,
-J. A. Ross, C. J. Markham.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“D” <span class='sc'>Company</span>—Major J. W. MacDonald, Company Commander; Capt.
-G. McQuarrie, Second in Command; Lieuts. J. O. McLeod, W. E. McDonald,
-T. E. Logan, J. J. Murray.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span>A few weeks after arrival at Witley Camp, Lieut.-Colonel
-Borden returned from the Front and resumed command of the
-Brigade. Lieut.-Colonel Stanfield, owing to ill-health, was invalided
-back to Canada. When the Brigade was broken up in December,
-1916, the following officers, with 300 other ranks, were transferred
-to the 185th Battalion: Lieut.-Colonel R. J. S. Langford,
-Major J. P. LeGallais, Major J. W. MacDonald, Capt. F. B. Schurman,
-Capt. F. C. Baird, Lieuts. H. F. Orman, D. J. McGillivray,
-P. Andrews, H. A. Dickson, J. M. Soy, H. DeW. Cunningham,
-C. J. Markham, J. O. McLeod, W. E. McDonald, J. J. Murray.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The remainder marched to Bramshott, where they were absorbed
-early in January, 1917, by the 17th Reserve Battalion, and used as
-reinforcements to the Nova Scotian Battalions in the Field.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XIX.<br /> <em>219th BATTALION, C.E.F.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_133.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. W. H. MUIRHEAD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>In the limited space allowed for this article it is necessary to
-omit references to the stirring events which marked the recruiting
-of the Battalions of the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, the
-185th in Cape Breton, the 193rd in Pictou, Colchester, Cumberland
-and Hants Counties, and the 219th in Halifax and the Western
-Counties of the Province. Each contributed to the popular
-enthusiasm, and through the agency of
-the press any unusual success in one part
-was heralded throughout the Province
-and bore fruit in distant sections.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In Halifax and the Western Counties,
-while there were many agencies at
-work, too numerous to mention, they
-naturally centred around the extraordinary
-series of meetings addressed by
-Colonel Borden and Captain Cutten,
-when, accompanied by the 85th Band,
-they made their historic tour, commencing
-at Lunenburg on February 26, 1916,
-and ending at Wolfville on March 12th. They touched at all the
-chief points on the Halifax and South Western Railway and returned
-by the Dominion Atlantic as far as Wolfville. While active
-recruiting in many places had preceded and prepared for their
-arrival, the extraordinary enthusiasm aroused by their speeches and
-by the martial strains of the band formed an epoch in each community.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Recruits enrolled were billeted in their own towns, and detachments
-marched into Camp Aldershot on June 1st from Lunenburg,
-Mahone Bay, Bridgewater, Lockport, Caledonia, Shelburne, Clarke’s
-Harbor, Barrington, Yarmouth, Weymouth, Trenton, Digby, Bear
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>River, Annapolis, Berwick, Bridgetown, Kentville, Wolfville, Dartmouth
-and Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first Battalion orders on record were issued on March 6th
-by Major E. C. Phinney, who had been placed in temporary command
-of the 219th. Lieut. C. Holland was appointed Acting
-Adjutant. For some time the orders were chiefly concerned with
-the large accessions to the strength of the Battalion, daily reported,
-as the result of Colonel Borden’s successful tour, and the formation
-of the various detachments. These recruits were now arranged in
-four companies, “A” in Halifax, “B” comprising the territory
-from Mahone Bay to Clarke’s Harbor, “C” from Yarmouth to Bear
-River, and “D” from Annapolis to Wolfville.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first public parade of “A” Company was on May 27th
-to St. Matthew’s Church to attend the memorial service for Lieutenant
-Campbell, who had been killed in action, and who was the
-son of Mr. G. S. Campbell, one of the most active spirits in the
-recruiting campaign.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the history of the 219th there is a humorous distinction
-between the first funeral procession and the first actual funeral of
-one of its members. One night in the early spring a fire occurred
-in a house in Barrington Street. Unfortunately the inmates could
-not be extricated in time, and some fatalities resulted. The charred
-remains of one body was identified as that of Metrofan Meik, a
-Russian recruit in the 219th. The funeral took place from St.
-Mary’s Cathedral. A firing party was furnished by “C” Company
-of the 85th. The Last Post was sounded and full military honors
-paid to the dead. Next morning who should report in the orderly
-room but Metrofan himself, very much alive and feeling greatly the
-better for his leave, which had now expired. Who it was that was
-buried with military honors has never been discovered to this hour.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first actual funeral of a soldier in the 219th took place on
-May 2nd, from the Military Hospital in Halifax. The deceased
-was Private Edwards, a native of England. The services were
-conducted by Hon. Captain MacKinnon.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was on Wednesday, February 23rd, that a letter came from
-Ottawa authorizing the formation of the 219th and granting permission
-to appoint Major E. C. Phinney, of the 85th as temporary O.C.
-It was he who had the task of organizing the 219th, and the manner
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>in which he accomplished this is a fine tribute to his executive
-ability. For the first few days he was assisted by Lieut. C. Holland,
-who acted as Adjutant. In the beginning of April a rumor was
-in circulation that the Highland Brigade was not to materialize and
-that the 85th was to proceed immediately Overseas. Rather than
-miss this opportunity of going to the Front, Major Phinney relinquished
-his position as Commanding Officer of the 219th and went
-back to his former position in the 85th.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On April 8th Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons became temporary C.O.
-of the 219th. He planned a tour of inspection, but his purpose was
-frustrated by a serious illness. Lieutenant Holland, who afterwards
-became Staff Captain in the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade,
-was succeeded as Acting Adjutant by Lieut. John S. Roper. He
-along with Major Rudland and Lieutenant Wylie had been one of
-a Military Committee to assist in the formation of the Battalion.
-He remained Adjutant throughout its whole history.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>By May 4th Colonel Parsons felt sufficiently recovered to proceed
-with his tour of inspection, and during his absence the duties
-of command devolved on Major H. D. Creighton. But the atmosphere
-was surcharged with uncertainty and the Battalion was
-beginning to suffer for want of a permanent head. Lieut.-Col.
-Parsons returned to the 85th, and, with him, Major Creighton. At
-last on May 5th, Lieut.-Col. W. H. Muirhead assumed command.
-Immediately the unrest ceased, and the Battalion settled itself to the
-business of training.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the outbreak of the War Colonel Muirhead went at once to
-the new camp at Valcartier and was given an appointment on the
-Divisional Headquarters Staff. But being unmarried and anxious
-to take his part in the actual fighting, he transferred to the Royal
-Canadian Dragoons before the First Canadian Contingent sailed,
-reverting to the rank of Lieutenant. Early in May, 1915, he crossed
-to France in the Canadian Cavalry Brigade, which included, with
-the Dragoons, the Strathcona Horse and the 2nd King Edward
-Horse. For nine months he was in the trenches, and witnessed
-some of the fiercest fighting of the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In Canada the idea was gaining ground that new troops should
-be instructed in the latest methods of warfare, and this could only
-be done by bringing some of the officers from the Front. Colonel
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span>Muirhead was subsequently appointed second in command of the
-112th, which was recruiting at the time, and he returned in January,
-1916. As above stated he took over the 219th on May 5th. His
-keen intelligence, long familiarity with business methods, together
-with the stern experience he had known at the Front, fitted him in
-quite an exceptional manner for the command and training of a
-Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalions at Camp Aldershot were arranged in order of
-seniority. Nearest to Aldershot Station was placed the 85th, and
-then in order the 185th, 193rd and 219th. Beyond the lines of the
-219th were quartered the 97th, “The American Legion,” made up
-of men from the United States, who had come to take their share in
-the fight for the freedom of the world.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Later in the season the waste land beyond the 97th was cleared
-and became the home of the 246th, the reserve Unit of the Brigade.
-It might be of interest to mention that the Nova Scotia Highland
-Brigade wore Balmoral caps with feathers. The feathers were dark
-gray, but each one of them had a distinctive coloring. In the 85th,
-it was red; in the 185th, green; in the 193rd, blue; and in the 219th,
-purple.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Naturally changes took place in the personnel of the officers of
-the 219th, especially late in the season, when the 246th was formed.
-But the following list represents with fair accuracy the situation
-during most of the summer:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieut.-Col. W. H. Muirhead.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Major M. E. Roscoe.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieut. J. S. Roper.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Quartermaster</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Major F. W. W. Doane.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Paymaster</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Hon. Capt. H. D. Henry.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Medical Officer</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Capt. D. P. Churchill.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Chaplain</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Hon. Capt. C. MacKinnon.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c019'>“A” <span class='sc'>Company</span>—Major J. Rudland, Company Commander; Capt. H. A.
-Kent, Second in Command (Capt. Kent, after going Overseas, became
-Company Commander of “C” Company); Lieuts. V. G. Rae, E. R. Clayton,
-A. D. Macdonald, R. D. Graham.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“B” <span class='sc'>Company</span>—Capt. M. C. Denton, Company Commander; Capt. E. C.
-Miller, Second in Command (after going Overseas Capt. Miller became Company
-Commander); Lieuts. W. M. L. Robertson, J. Belyea, A. C. King,
-E. J. Hallett.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“C” <span class='sc'>Company</span>—Major A. K. Van Horne, Company Commander; (after
-going Overseas, Captain Kent); Lieut. G. D. Blackadar, Second in Command
-(after going Overseas, Capt. H. E. Crowell); Lieuts. H. E. Crowell,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span>N. L. Chipman, W. J. Wright, Kenneth Campbell, who went over in a draft
-during the summer.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“D” <span class='sc'>Company</span>—Capt. G. H. Cutten, Company Commander; Capt. W.
-Noblett, Second in Command (Capt. Cutten became Major in the 246th and
-Capt., afterwards Major, H. K. Emerson, recently returned from the front,
-took command of “D” Company); Lieuts. A. D. Borden, J. P. McFarlane,
-J. C. M. Vereker and E. R. Power.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to these officers were Lieut. H. A. Love in charge of
-Signalling Section, and Lieut. W. L. Black of the Machine Gun
-Section.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the summer Hon. Captain Father O’Sullivan was added.
-He was employed most of the time in raising the “Purple Feather
-Fund,” and spent only a week or two in camp.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion was fortunate in its Sergeant-Major, A. S. Ward,
-who blended a strict sense of duty with a genial disposition and
-secured alike the approbation of the officers and the respect of the
-men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Camp had not been long established at Aldershot when it
-was honored by a visit from Sir Sam Hughes, the Minister of
-Militia. On June 11th, at 6 a.m. the Brigade was paraded. Although
-there had only been a few days of united training, the
-impression produced upon the Minister was quite noticeable, and
-ever afterwards he showed a kindly appreciation of the Nova Scotia
-Highlanders.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On August 9th the Camp was honored by another distinguished
-visitor, Sir Robert Borden, the Premier of Canada, who was accompanied
-by the Hon. David MacKeen, the Lieut.-Governor of Nova
-Scotia. The March Past was excellent, and the Premier, a native
-of the Province, was pleased to speak words of heartfelt appreciation
-and encouragement. Another inspection was made on August
-15th, but this was more of a formal military character and lacked
-the general significance of the previous reviews.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The red-letter days of the Brigade’s whole history at Aldershot
-were Friday the 25th and Saturday the 26th of August. On Friday
-the Camp was thrown open to the public, who flocked thither from
-every part of the Province. The resources of the railway were
-taxed to the utmost. Fully eight thousand people visited the
-grounds and witnessed the March Past. They were relatives of “the
-boys,” and nothing revealed more clearly how tenderly the thought
-of the Province centred about the rows of white tents, where the
-flower of its manhood was encamped. By a happy thought the
-Camp Commandant, Col. W. E. Thompson, added to the ordinary
-review exercises a short march in column of route, so the men
-would pass immediately in front of their many friends.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span>
-<img src='images/i_138.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>H.R.H. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT INSPECTING THE HIGHLAND BRIGADE AT ALDERSHOT CAMP, SEPTEMBER, 1916.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span>On Saturday morning Field-Marshall His Royal Highness the
-Duke of Connaught arrived. Exhilarated by the enthusiasm of the
-previous day, the Brigade excelled itself in its manoeuvres, and
-especially in the March Past. His Royal Highness, who was too
-fine a soldier to be guilty of a meaningless expression, declared that
-he had not inspected anything finer in the Dominion of Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One other function completes the tale of reviews. It was the
-presentation of colors by Lady Borden to the four Battalions on
-Monday, September 25th. No little practice was necessary for the
-involved movements connected with the ceremony. Once again the
-weather was propitious; the sunbeams kissed the silken colors as
-they were unfurled to the breeze, and rousing cheers greeted the
-declaration of the Premier that they would shortly be sent over the
-seas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>That afternoon a competition was commenced between the various
-platoons of the Brigade, which resulted in the award going to the
-“thirteenth platoon” of the 219th, and as a sign that they had won,
-they were permitted to wear their feathers with the edge trimmed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On Friday, September 26th, a message arrived ordering the
-Brigade to be ready to go Overseas in six days, and cancelling all
-leave for officers and men. The announcement of this approaching
-embarkation would by itself have been sensational enough, but when
-it came accompanied by an order that no one should have the privilege
-of seeing his home again, the men were fairly stunned. All
-had counted on a “farewell” leave. At first everyone seemed paralyzed.
-Then their resolution took shape. It was not in the
-Colonel’s power to grant leave but, though a strict disciplinarian, he
-understood the situation and felt a deep sympathy for the men, and
-determined that his attitude should be as lenient as possible. The
-men were resolute to see their homes, many of which were in the
-vicinity of the Camp. Every effort was made to stop them.
-Cordons with fixed bayonets were placed around the station at
-Kentville. But all to no purpose. The majority simply rose and
-went. They hired motor cars, mounted horses, or even walked.
-For a moment there was a sense of alarm and humiliation, which
-quickly changed to confidence and pride as the men came streaming
-back, satisfied that they had seen their friends and ready to do their
-duty in facing the foe. This unauthorized farewell furlough was
-not confined to the 219th but was general in the 185th and the 193rd
-as well.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span>
-<img src='images/i_140.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span>The six days’ warning was, of course, a mere preliminary
-measure but definite orders at last arrived for the 219th to march
-out on the 12th of October at 5 a.m. Never did Halifax seem
-lovelier than in the bright autumn air as the Battalion marched
-along Barrington Street and up Spring Garden Road and through
-South Park Street to the Common, where a vast company of friends
-and well-wishers had congregated to say good-bye. Ranks were
-broken and the soldiers mingled freely with the people. The “Fall
-In” sounded, the band struck up a lively air, and the march was
-resumed until the gates of the docks closed behind the last file.
-Opportunities of further adieus were granted in the afternoon
-within the limit of the dock, and then for the final time the troops
-climbed the long gangways to the decks of the transport.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>All night the <em>Olympic</em> lay at the pier. On Friday afternoon she
-moved up to Bedford Basin. Life belts were passed out and
-alarms practised. During the afternoon, when rumors that we
-were doomed to several days’ detention in the basin were at their
-height, the anchor was quietly raised and almost noiselessly the ship
-began to glide down the harbor. But the movement was quickly
-noticed on shore, and the tooting of tugs and the cheering of the
-crowds that rushed to the pier heads showed that the “boys” had
-not been forgotten by their friends. The shades of night were
-gathering in as Cape Sambro fell astern, and the twinkle of its
-kindly light was Nova Scotia’s farewell. Betting in New York
-had run as high as twenty to one that the <em>Olympic</em> would be sunk
-because the notorious German submarine U53, which had committed
-serious depredations off Nantucket, was reported to be in
-the vicinity. Whatever anxiety may have been felt by those on the
-bridge, seemed not in the slightest degree to have reached the troops
-below, who had a confidence in the British seamanship that was
-almost sublime.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_142'>142</span>On Tuesday night two destroyers picked up the ship and acted
-as consorts. Wednesday morning the coast of Ireland was in view,
-and Wednesday evening anchor was dropped in the Mersey, the
-voyage having been completed in four days and nineteen hours.
-We sailed on a Friday, and the thirteenth at that, but war has
-exploded the superstitions of the world along with many other
-things.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two or three hours were required for the disembarkation.
-Eight trains were required for the whole Brigade, and they were
-started at various intervals of time. The last two carried the 219th.
-It was nearly midnight when the train drew into the siding at
-Milford Station and, resuming their packs, the men began their two
-miles’ march into Camp.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Witley Camp was situated on Witley Common, a sandy tract
-covered with scattered pines, known as Scotch fir, and with few
-houses in the vicinity. Milford Village was a mile and a half away,
-and Godalming three miles. The nearest town was Guildford, eight
-miles off. The county was Surrey, and the landscape among the
-most picturesque in all England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After the first cold snap that greeted the troops on their arrival,
-milder conditions prevailed; the air became balmy; the fresh, full
-foliage on the trees, and the fragrance of the flowers still in bloom
-seemed to carry summer into December. But as November drew
-into December cold mists settled into the valley where Witley Camp
-lay, and caused an acrid chill that seemed to eat into the marrow of
-the bone. Influenza (known as “flu” or “grippe”) invaded the
-Camp. The sick parade in the morning increased by leaps and
-bounds; the general hospital at Bramshott and the sick detention
-hut of the Brigade were filled and could take no more. A special
-hut in the Battalion lines was secured and in a few days crowded
-out, and even the spare accommodation in the medical room was
-covered with bed boards on which lay fevered and coughing men.
-December will remain to the troops at Witley Camp something of a
-nightmare.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No one as yet seriously believed, or at least publicly announced,
-that the Highland Brigade would not be held together. Had not
-the Minister of Militia plighted his word to that effect? Had it
-not been a promise to the men when they enlisted? Towards the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_143'>143</span>end of November, however, sinister rumors began to filter through
-and culminated on the 30th November in the call for the first draft
-for France. Immediately the Camp was in a hubbub of excitement,
-for the draft required 800 men from the Brigade, and this obviously
-meant its dismemberment. All reasonable means that might avert
-the blow were employed, but the order was explicit. No officers
-were to go except those in charge of drafts, and they were to return
-from France whenever their duty was accomplished. All non-commissioned
-officers chosen were to revert to the rank of private.
-Ultimately 115 went from the 219th under the command of Lieutenant
-King. The Brigadier addressed a few parting words, and
-to the strains of martial music and the skirl of the pipes the proud
-lads marched away leaving a thoughtful Camp behind. What was
-to be the fate of those who remained? Rumor again became busy,
-hope revived and old predictions were renewed, when once more
-with dramatic swiftness the axe fell and when it accomplished its
-business the Highland Brigade was no more. No one could have
-attempted to parry the blow more resolutely than the Brigadier.
-He felt keenly the pledges that had been given and the injustice to
-Nova Scotia; and his efforts were not without a measure of success.
-Two Battalions of the four were preserved, the 85th and the 185th.
-Into the 85th some 350 men, nearly all the Lieutenants and Major
-Rudland, were drafted from the 219th. A large number from the
-193rd were put into the 185th. The 85th received orders to prepare
-at once to go Overseas, though this was not actually accomplished
-until February 10th. The 185th was “slated” for the Fifth
-Division, and it was to remain in Witley Camp. The remainder of
-the Highland Brigade were to proceed to Bramshott Camp. It was
-in the last week of December that the large draft, carefully selected
-and splendidly fit, changed their feathers from purple to red and
-went over to the lines of the 85th. The officers packed their kits
-and the happy fellowship of the Mess Room, that had lasted from
-the happy days of concentration in sunny Aldershot, was dissolved,
-alas, never in its completeness to reassemble again.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Between five and six hundred of the 219th Battalion still remained.
-Kits and trunks were packed, adieus paid, our temporary
-English home broken up, and promptly at 12 o’clock Saturday,
-December 30th; the Purple Feather ranks, now varied with blue and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_144'>144</span>green and red feathers, moved off headed by the 85th Band. The
-Battalion settled down in a pleasant part of the Bramshott Camp, on
-the brow of a hill overlooking the picturesque dale through which
-flowed a streamlet gathered from the meadows of Haslemere,
-Shottermill and Hammer. It was the country of George Eliot and
-of Tennyson’s later years. Many travellers had come to it, but
-never any on so strange an errand.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Presently there appeared in Camp the Old 17th. It had been the
-first Nova Scotian Unit sent Overseas. Apart from its Commanding
-Officer, Lieut.-Colonel Cameron, it possessed hardly any Nova
-Scotians; it was officered and its ranks were filled almost exclusively
-by Western Canadians. This Battalion, like the famous Minotaur,
-had fed on the remnants of many others in its time. Would the
-Highland Brigade succumb to the usual fate or would it prove an
-indigestible morsel?</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the commencement of 1917 a change of policy was inaugurated
-affecting all the Canadian Camps in England. Witley was
-reserved for the Fifth Division. In the others the Training Brigades
-became reserve ones, which would have a full strength of
-8,000 each, and each Reserve Battalion (2,000 in strength) would
-have some definite fighting Unit at the Front to which it would send
-reinforcements whenever required. The 17th was made a Reserve
-Battalion in the 5th Reserve Brigade; it was to reinforce the 25th
-and 85th and to be distinctively Nova Scotian; it was ordered to
-take over the 219th and 193rd. Officially the whale swallowed
-Jonah, but in the curious and unscriptural sequel Jonah took over
-the control of the whale from the inside. This second transformation
-was undoubtedly due to the fact that the 17th Reserve
-was to become a Nova Scotian Unit and naturally Nova Scotians
-assumed the dominant role; and these were to be found in the ranks
-of the Highland Brigade. But it was also due to a stubborn and
-persistent <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">esprit de corps</span></i> that had always characterized the 219th.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The formal transference took place on January 23rd, and that
-date marks the end of the 219th as a distinct military Unit, and
-forms a fitting close to this article. It has been the story of a
-splendid Battalion into which the Western Counties of Nova Scotia
-poured their best manhood with unstinted patriotism. It represents
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_145'>145</span>the finest sacrifice ever made by the loyal enthusiasm of that part
-of the Province. Fisherman, farmer, lumberman, student, minister,
-lawyer, doctor drilled side by side in a spirit of comradeship seldom
-excelled.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is not given to this bloodless narrative to trace to the field of
-battle the brave men that filled the ranks, but in the tale of their
-Battalions they will be found to have played their part in the defence
-of civilization bravely and well, and to have left to their country
-the legacy of an imperishable example.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_146'>146</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XX.<br /> <em>246th BATTALION, C.E.F.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 246th Battalion was authorized in August, 1916, as a
-Reserve Unit to supply reinforcements to the Nova Scotia
-Highland Brigade. It was organized at Camp Aldershot a
-short time before the Brigade embarked for Overseas, and to it
-were transferred officers and other ranks who, from various causes,
-were temporarily unfit for service at the Front. Each Battalion
-of the Brigade was represented by one Company, “A” Company,
-the 85th Battalion; “B” Company, 185th Battalion; “C” Company,
-193rd Battalion, and “D” Company, 219th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The officers were:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Officer Commanding.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major G. B. Cutten</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major H. H. Bligh</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Company Commander.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major H. D. Creighton</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Company Commander.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major M. A. McKay</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Company Commander.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major W. G. McRae</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Company Commander.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. A. McKinnon</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. G. E. Roberts</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. J. Armitage</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. L. L. Titus</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. A. C. Wilson</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Medical Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. C. W. Corey</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Chaplain.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. F. Robertson</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Lieut. R. V. Harris</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Asst. Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c030'>Lieuts. F. J. McCharles, A. T. E. Crosby, E. S. H. Lane,
-H. F. Lockhart, H. L. McInnes, A. W. Rogers, W. B.
-Ross, E. C. Shields, C. E. Smith, H. R. Theakston,
-W. M. Bligh, C. E. Baker, G. D. Blackadar, R. S.
-Edwards, N. Rogers, J. S. Roy.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A detachment of the 246th under the command of Major H. D.
-Creighton was sent to Trenton to guard the Nova Scotia Steel
-Company’s plant at that point, and was later relieved by a detachment
-from the Composite Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the autumn and winter months recruiting became very
-difficult, and when the necessity for compulsory service became
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_147'>147</span>evident it was decided to discontinue organization and send the
-Battalion Overseas in drafts. The first draft, under the command
-of Lieuts C. E. Baker and W. M. Bligh, embarked in March, 1917,
-and on June 1st a further draft of 230 men and the following
-officers were sent Overseas:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons; Major M. A. McKay; Capt. A.
-McKinnon, Capt. L. L. Titus, Lieuts. A. T. E. Crosby, R. S.
-Edwards, E. S. H. Lane, H. F. Lockhart, H. L. McInnes, A. W.
-Rogers, W. B. Ross, E. C. Shields, C. E. Smith.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On arrival in England the draft proceeded to Bramshott, where
-one half of the men were sent to the 185th Battalion, then training
-at Witley with the 5th Division. The remainder together with the
-officers were absorbed by the 17th Reserve Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The remainder of the strength left in Canada was transferred
-to Labor, Forestry, Special Service and other Units, the majority
-eventually going Overseas.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_148'>148</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXI.<br /> <em>NO. 2 CONSTRUCTION BATTALION.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>No. 2 Construction Battalion was authorized on July 5, 1916.
-Mr. D. H. Sutherland, of River John, N.S., a well-known
-railroad contractor, who had enlisted in the 193rd Overseas
-Battalion, was given command of this Unit with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_148.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. D. H. SUTHERLAND.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>An Infantry Battalion was not deemed advisable as the population
-was not sufficient to send the
-necessary reinforcements; therefore a
-Construction Battalion was authorized
-to represent the colored citizens of
-Canada, who were demanding that their
-race should be represented in the C.E.F.
-by a Unit composed of their own people.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The colored citizens of Canada are
-settled principally in the Provinces of
-Nova Scotia and Ontario, although of
-late years a great many have settled in
-Western Canada. Out of a total population
-in Canada of 20,000, including
-men, women and children, Nova Scotia has 7,000; Ontario 5,000;
-New Brunswick 1,000, and the remainder of the colored population
-are settled in Western Canada. It is estimated that 200 colored men
-were engaged in coal mines in Nova Scotia, and therefore not eligible
-to enlist. The number of men who enlisted in No. 2 Construction
-from Nova Scotia was 500, so that of the men available in Nova
-Scotia, the colored citizens sent Overseas in No. 2 Construction
-Battalion fully 10 per cent. of their population as volunteers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Recruiting was carried on simultaneously wherever the colored
-population were located. A detachment of sixty men, under command
-of Capt. W. A. McConnell, was raised at Toronto and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_149'>149</span>latterly joined the detachment at Windsor, Out., under the command
-of Capt. A. J. Gayfer. The Ontario recruits in all numbered
-350. About fifty recruits volunteered from Western Canada. The
-headquarters was first located at Pictou, N.S., and later transferred
-to Truro, where more barracks room was available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No. 2 Construction Battalion was the only volunteer Unit to
-engage in war-work before proceeding Overseas. A Company of
-250 men, under command of Capt. Kenneth A. Morrison, was
-employed during the months of January, February and part of
-March lifting rails from the Grand Trunk sidings at Moncton,
-Nappadogan and Edmundston, N.B., to be shipped Overseas for
-the Western Front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Following is a list of officers of this Unit:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D. H. Sutherland</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieut-Colonel and O.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Kenneth A. Morrison</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Capt. and Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>John Sidney Davie</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Capt. and Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Walter Adam McConnell</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Captain.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>George Peter McLaren</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Captain.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>A. J. Gayfer</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Captain.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>James Stuart Grant</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Captain and Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>David Anderson</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Captain and Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Russell R. McLean</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieutenant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>James Bertram Hayes</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieutenant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Roderick Livingstone</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieutenant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Halton Fyles</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieutenant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>William L. Young</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieutenant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>L. Bruce Young</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieutenant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Isaac Logan Banhill</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Lieutenant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Attached Officers</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Capt. Dan. Murray, Medical Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Hon. Capt. William A. White, Chaplain.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mr. Harry B. McLean, of the Cook Construction Company, and
-Wheaton Bros., presented the Unit with a set of band instruments.
-Mr. Andrew Wheaton also assisted the Unit financially. Mr.
-H. B. McLean was appointed Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel on
-account of his interest in and assistance to the Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit embarked at Halifax, March 25, 1917, on board the
-troopship <em>Southland</em>; in all there were 3,500 troops on board. The
-ship was in command of Captain Morehouse, and the troops in
-command of Lieut.-Col. D. H. Sutherland. The convoy arrived
-at Liverpool April 8th. During the passage great precautions were
-taken to guard against enemy submarines. No lights were shown,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_150'>150</span>no bugles blown and a constant watch was kept day and night for
-floating mines and submarines. This period was the worst in the
-history of submarine warfare, as more ships were sunk during the
-week April 1 to April 8, 1917, than at any time during the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit entrained at Liverpool Sunday noon, April 8th, and
-left for Seaford, travelling by special troop train through a very
-picturesque country. Arriving at Seaford the Unit was escorted
-by a British band to our Camp under canvas, about two miles from
-the depot. All troops arriving from Canada at this time were
-segregated ten days, to avoid the introduction of contagious diseases.
-The Unit was taken on the strength of the Canadian forces
-at Seaford, under command of Col. G. S. Gardiner.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Before proceeding to France, it was necessary for any Unit to
-have the full quota of men in accordance to the establishment of
-the Unit. As No. 2 Construction was 300 under strength, the Unit
-was reorganized into a Construction Company of 506 men and ten
-officers. As there was no provision on the establishment for a
-Lieutenant-Colonel, Lieut.-Col. Sutherland, Officer Commanding,
-reverted to the rank of Major to proceed to France in command of
-the Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While at Seaford, from April 8 to May 17, 1917, the Unit
-was detailed into working parties and employed in building
-trenches for the troops in training and in building and repairing
-roads within the bounds of the Canadian command. Permanent
-air picket was detailed about May 1st, to be in readiness in the
-event of air raids, which were of frequent occurrence. During
-the Sports’ Day Competition among the Canadian Forces at Seaford,
-the members of No. 2 Construction won a silver cup presented
-for competition by the British Y.M.C.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit was ordered to France on May 17th, and entrained at
-Seaford at 2 a.m., May 17th, arriving at Folkestone and proceeding
-direct to the Channel troopship at the pier. The crossing occupied
-two hours. The Channel boats carrying troops were well escorted
-by British destroyers on port and starboard sides, while the <em>Silver
-Queen</em>, a small-sized dirigible airship, escorted our troopship overhead
-to sight for enemy submarines. Arriving at Boulogne at
-3 p.m. the Unit was escorted to a rest camp; twenty-four hours
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_151'>151</span>later, on May 18th, the Unit entrained at Boulogne and travelled
-by special troop train by Etaples, Paris, Dijon, Dole, Mouchard
-and arrived at our destination, La Joux, Jour Mountains, on May
-21st.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit was attached to No. 5 District, Canadian Forestry
-Corps, under command of Lieut.-Col. Geo. Johnson. There were
-four Forestry Companies consisting of 170 men, 40 teams, logging
-and sawmill outfit, located within one-half mile radius from No. 2
-Construction Company’s Camp. The officers and men of No. 2
-Construction were detailed into working parties and paraded daily
-to assist in the logging, milling and shipping operations of the
-Forestry Corps.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The officers were employed as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major Sutherland was in command of the Unit and kept a
-general supervision over the different working parties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. J. S. Grant was employed as officer in charge of shipping
-for No. 5 District, and all lumber sawn by the four Companies was
-shipped at La Joux Station by No. 2 Construction men. A detachment
-of fifty men, under command of Lieut. H. Fyles, assisted
-No. 22 Company, C.F.C., in logging and in the construction of a
-narrow gauge railway to transport saw-logs to the mill. The roads
-were kept in repair by Capt. David Anderson, No. 2 Construction,
-with a party of 100 men. A road plant consisting of a rock
-crusher, steam drill, motor lorries and steam roller, was employed,
-and the roads were kept in a good state of repair where the heavy
-traffic demanded the best roads possible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The water to supply the Camp had to be pumped to an elevation
-of 1,500 feet by means of force pumps in relay. Lieut. Bertram
-Hayes was officer in charge of pumping stations and water lines.
-Capt. R. Livingstone was Transport Officer for No. 5 District,
-assisted by Lieut. Russell McLean, both of No. 2 Construction
-Company.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On December 30, 1917, Capt. K. A. Morrison left La Joux for
-Alencon, in command of 180 other ranks to report to the O.C.
-No. 1 District, C.F.C.; Lieut. S. Hood was Adjutant of this detachment.
-Fifty other ranks were despatched to 37th Company, C.F.C.,
-near Peronne.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_152'>152</span>A few items, as follows, taken from the War Diary of this Unit
-July 1, 1918, will be of interest:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Dominion Day celebrated by the eleven Forestry Companies and
-No. 2 Construction Company, composing No. 5 District, in field
-sports held at Chapois. The four Companies from La Joux,
-namely, No. 22, 40, 50 and No. 2 Construction paraded to the
-grounds under the command of Major Sutherland. During the
-day, the band of this Company, by their excellent music, greatly
-assisted in entertaining the crowd and making the holiday a success.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>July 7, 1918: Camp inspected by Lieut.-General Sir Richard
-Turner, V.C., accompanied by Major-General A. MacDougall,
-G.O.C. Canadian Forestry Corps, and Lieut.-Colonel Johnson, O.C.
-Jura Group. The interior economy and general tidiness were
-favorably commented upon.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>July 13, 1918: Hon. Capt. W. A. White, Chaplain, returns
-from visiting the Alencon detachment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>July 14, 1918: Sunday, no work. The Mayor of Salins
-invited the Canadians in this district to send a detachment to Salins
-to take part in a review in which American and French troops
-were participating. Major Sutherland represented Lieut.-Col.
-G. M. Strong, D.S.O., O.C. No. 5 District, C.F.C., who was absent
-on duty, and acted as reviewing officer of the Allied Troops at
-Salins, in commemorating the National Day and to do honor to
-the French Republic. The band of this Company, under the leadership
-of Sergt. G. W. Stewart, played the National Anthem and a
-programme and greatly assisted in making the event a memorable
-one.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>July 15, 1918: Camp inspected by General Bouillard, Commanding
-7th Army Division, French, and Lieut.-Col. G. Johnson,
-O.C. Jura Group.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>April 3, 1918: The following telegram sent to the D.T.O.,
-C.F.C., France, from the O.C. No. 2 Construction Company:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“Will you please recommend my Unit which is organized for
-construction work for transfer to Western Front.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In April, 1918, Colonel Strong, D.S.O., O.C. No. 5 District,
-C.F.C., recommended that No. 2 Construction Company be given
-the establishment of a Battalion. This recommendation was approved
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_153'>153</span>by the G.O.C., General White, and General MacDougall, but held
-up for lack of reinforcements.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Shortly after the Armistice, orders were received for this Unit
-to report at the General Base Depot, Etaples. The Unit left La
-Joux, December 4th. One hundred and fifty Russian soldiers, who
-had been attached to No. 2 Construction Company during 1918,
-were taken over by No. 40 Company, C.F.C. No. 2 Construction
-arrived at Etaples December 7th, and was joined by the detachment
-from Alencon and fifty men from 37th Company, C.F.C.
-The Unit sailed from Boulogne, December 14th, with 600 attached
-troops, under command of Major Sutherland, and arrived at Bramshott
-Camp. The Unit was attached to the Nova Scotia Regimental
-Depot, and from there dispersed to the several military
-camps representing the various military districts in Canada, to
-which the men would be forwarded for demobilization. The
-different drafts composing this Unit sailed the latter part of
-January, 1919, for Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A letter was received by Major Sutherland from Major-General
-MacDougall conveying the thanks of the Canadian Forestry Corps
-to the officers and men of this Unit for their valuable and faithful
-services while attached for duty and discipline, to the Canadian
-Forestry Corps.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_154'>154</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXII.<br /> <em>THE CANADIAN FORESTRY CORPS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>On February 15, 1916, the Colonial Secretary cabled to the
-Governor-General of Canada, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught,
-the following message:</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“H.M. Government would be grateful if the Canadian Government
-would assist in the production of timber for war purposes. Owing to
-the very serious shortage of freight for munitions, food, forage and
-other essentials, which is a matter of the gravest concern to H.M.
-Government, it is impossible to continue to import Canadian timber on
-a sufficiently large scale to meet war requirements, and arrangements
-must therefore be made for felling and converting English forests.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“Chief difficulty is finding sufficient skilled labor, fellers, haulers
-and sawyers. One thousand five hundred men are urgently needed, and
-H.M. Government would suggest that a Battalion of lumbermen might
-be formed of specially listed men to undertake exploitations of forests
-of this country. If proposal commends itself to Canadian Government,
-would beg very early action. Suggest that men be enlisted into Canadian
-Expeditionary Force and despatched in small companies under
-competent supervision. Government is aware that lumber season is now
-in progress, but feel sure that men would enlist even at sacrifice of
-present employment if the reason of appeal were made known to them.
-Incidence of cost will be arranged as agreeable to Canadian Government.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A further cable was sent on February 29th. So quickly did the
-Canadian authorities make up their minds, that on March 1, 1916,
-a cable was sent stating that the Battalion asked for would be provided
-with the least possible delay. The raising of Units in this
-Corps exemplified the readiness of the Canadian Government to
-assist in the most unexpected direction.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 224th Battalion, under Lieut.-Colonel McDougall, arrived
-in England, April 28, 1916, and the 230th, 238th and 242nd Battalions
-followed within six months.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nova Scotia’s quota in this branch of the Service was about
-525 officers and men, known as the Nova Scotia Forestry Draft,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_155'>155</span>composed of three Companies with a personnel of officers as
-follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>Staff.</em>—Major M. C. Denton, Officer Commanding; Major E. J.
-Stehlen, Second in Command; Capt. J. G. Pierce, Adjutant.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“A” Company.</em>—Capt. M. D. McKeigan, O.C.; Lieut. A. Roy,
-Lieut. Parker McDonald, Lieut. David Neal.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“B” Company.</em>—Capt. G. D. Blackader, O.C.; Lieut. N. P.
-McKenzie, Lieut. C. B. McDougall, Lieut. C. F. Kinney.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_155.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MAJOR M. C. DENTON,<br />Forestry Corps.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>“C” Company.</em>—Capt. H. B. Verge,
-O.C.; Lieut. George Harding, Lieut R. S.
-Shreve, Lieut. W. V. R. Winters.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Authorization for this Unit was
-granted in March, 1917. Recruiting and
-organization work began immediately by
-Companies, under the direct supervision
-of the Company Commanders in the
-various counties as follows: “A” Company
-in Pictou, Cape Breton, Victoria and
-Inverness; “B” Company in Halifax,
-Cumberland, Colchester and Prince
-Edward Island; and “C” Company in
-Shelburne, Queens, Lunenburg, Yarmouth
-and Digby; “A” and “B” Companies mobilized at Truro;
-“C” Company at Yarmouth; and on May 29th all Companies proceeded
-to Aldershot to complete the work of organization, after
-which they embarked on the White Star Line Transport <em>Justicia</em>,
-and arrived in England, July 4, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Base Depot for the Corps was at Smith’s Lawn, Sunningdale,
-Berkshire, within the confines of Windsor Great Park. This
-site was given to the Corps by His Majesty the King in December,
-1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About the middle of August the entire draft was broken up, a
-portion of the officers and men were absorbed into other Forestry
-Units, operating in England, Scotland and the South of France.
-Officers that were not disposed of in this manner transferred to the
-Flying Corps, Canadian Railway Troops, Infantry and Labor
-Battalions, subsequently getting over to France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_156'>156</span>It is difficult to conceive the multitude of ways in which timber
-was used for war purposes. At the Front, the Army very largely
-walked on timber, lorries drove on timber, railways, light and
-heavy, required huge numbers of sleepers or ties. Underground no
-less than above ground was timber used for dugouts, and all the
-complicated contrivances connected with trench warfare. From
-huts to ammunition boxes, from duckboards to stakes for barbed
-wire entanglements, the uses of timber ranged. The general specifications
-for a Company’s operation in this Corps was the production
-of Sawn Lumber, Fuelwood, Pickets, Hurdles, Fascines,
-Faggots, Continuous Rivetting and Parry Sticks.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In order to save time, and for other reasons, it was arranged
-that Canadians should bring with them their own machinery and
-equipment of the kind to which they were accustomed, with the
-necessary modifications to adapt it to the conditions in Britain and
-France. The work of the Forestry Corps was thus not only of the
-utmost assistance in meeting the need of timber for the War, and
-in saving tonnage, but was of permanent value in that it has knit
-more closely together the people of Great Britain, with their compatriots
-scattered throughout Canada.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_157'>157</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXIII.<br /> <em>NO. 6 DISTRICT DEPOT.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>During the early part of 1918 when the Germans were
-making their last great drive, few people realized that preparations
-were already made for the demobilization of the
-Canadian Corps. These preparations were due to the foresight of
-Headquarters Staff. Accordingly when the organization of No. 6
-District Depot was completed on the 18th of April, 1918, a District
-Depot was established in each Military District of Canada, each
-Depot being designated by the number of the Military District in
-which the Depot was situated.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. B. W. Roscoe, D.S.O., was first appointed Officer
-Commanding, and he had under him a small but efficient Staff, with
-Capt. J. S. Davies, M.C., as Adjutant, headquarters being at Leith
-House, Hollis Street, Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The functions of District Depots at first were many. Besides
-carrying out ordinary discharges, all personnel in the different
-hospitals had to be looked after, and in addition to this all casualties
-who became fit for further service were allotted to the different
-Service Companies and Battalions in the District and to their own
-Units Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No. 6 District Depot differed from the other Depots in so far
-that it had an Embarkation Casualty Section which handled all
-casualties, on embarkation; that is to say, when troops were proceeding
-Overseas from the different districts of Canada, who for
-various reasons could not embark at the appointed time, they were
-taken on the strength of No. 6 District Depot and forwarded by
-some future sailing.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This work was carried on by Lieut.-Colonel Roscoe until June,
-1918, when Lieut.-Col. D. A. MacRae, 25th Battalion, was appointed
-Officer Commanding, with Capt. G. T. Shaw, 31st Battalion,
-as Adjutant, headquarters being removed to Wellington Barracks.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_158'>158</span>From this time on the work began to increase owing to the
-great number of men returning from England to be demobilized.
-Demobilization went on very rapidly, and when the Armistice
-suddenly came it was realized that more speedily to carry out
-demobilization No. 6 District Depot would have to be enlarged.
-With this in view two Dispersal Stations known as “A” and “B”
-were added to the Depot, these Dispersal Stations being situated in
-Charlottetown and Halifax, and commanded by Major J. S. Stanley
-and Major J. G. Johnstone, respectively. To these officers was
-allotted the greater part of the organization of their respective
-stations which was carried on in such a manner that great credit
-was reflected upon the Depot as well as upon the officers commanding.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Everything was now in readiness to handle very speedily troops
-arriving for demobilization, so that when the first complete Unit,
-the Royal Canadian Regiment, arrived at the Port of Halifax
-early in March, 1919, it was demobilized in less than a day. This
-was made possible by the hard work of the Officer Commanding
-Dispersal Station B, Major J. G. Johnstone.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This work was kept up by the stations throughout Canada until
-late in July, 1919, when it was found that the Canadian Corps had
-practically been demobilized. At first it was thought it would take
-two years to complete demobilization of our forces, but the whole
-work was carried on so speedily that the feat was practically
-accomplished in six months. This in itself speaks well of the
-splendid organization of the Depots.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No. 6 Depot, besides demobilizing the Maritime troops, demobilized
-a great number of troops from other districts, viz., the
-Cavalry Brigade, Engineer and Forestry Units, Railway Troops
-and several Hospital Units. The work of No. 6 Depot was highly
-praised by Gen. John Hughes during his tour of inspection, when
-he stated that No. 6 District was one of the best organized throughout
-Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One will realize the immense amount of work done by No. 6
-District Depot by the results obtained; that is to say, the total
-number of discharges from April 18, 1918, until the latter part of
-May 1920, were one thousand five hundred and seventy-eighty
-(1,578) officers and twenty-seven thousand eight hundred and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_159'>159</span>ninety-six other ranks (27,896), made up as shown in the table
-below:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021' colspan='2'>Reasons.</th>
-    <th class='c022'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c023'>Other Ranks.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>1. <em>Medically Unfit.</em></td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>(<em>a</em>) Disability due to or aggravated by service</td>
-    <td class='c024'>76</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,983</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>(<em>b</em>) Requiring further medical treatment of long duration or vocational education</td>
-    <td class='c024'>38</td>
-    <td class='c010'>507</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>2. <em>Demobilisation.</em></td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>All discharged other than above</td>
-    <td class='c024'>1,462</td>
-    <td class='c010'>24,299</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>3. <em>Struck off Strength.</em></td>
-    <td class='c024'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Deaths</td>
-    <td class='c024'>2</td>
-    <td class='c010'>17</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c024'>1,578</td>
-    <td class='c010'>27,896</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c024'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c010'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Transferred to other Districts</td>
-    <td class='c024'>8</td>
-    <td class='c010'>58</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>It will be very gratifying to Nova Scotians to know that the
-whole Staff of No. 6 District Depot were made up of Nova Scotia
-officer ranks, all of whom saw service at the Front, and it is sure
-when the records of the District Depots are compared that No. 6
-District Depot will be well to the forefront.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Officers on strength No. 6 District Depot when organized:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. W. B. Roscoe, D.S.O</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.M.R.’s.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major A. B. Bucknell</td>
-    <td class='c018'>15th L.H.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. J. L. Davie, M.C</td>
-    <td class='c018'>21st Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Assistant Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. A. Ross</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Quartermaster</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. A. A. Clark</td>
-    <td class='c018'>139th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><em>June, 1918.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. D. A. MacRae</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. L. Davie, M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>31st Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. G. T. Shaw</td>
-    <td class='c018'>21st Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Assistant Adjutant</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. F. Ferguson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>10th R.R.T.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Quartermaster</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. A. A. Clark</td>
-    <td class='c018'>139th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Records Officer</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. B. E. Elliott</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.E.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><em>Leave and Furlough Section.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. M. S. Hunt</td>
-    <td class='c018'>5th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. Harley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><em>Details Company.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. F. A. Ladd</td>
-    <td class='c018'>7th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><span class='pageno' id='Page_160'>160</span><em>Casualty Company.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major L. D. V. Chipman</td>
-    <td class='c018'>13th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Company Officers</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. A. G. Foster</td>
-    <td class='c018'>7th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. W. H. Whidden</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Composite Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. H. A. Crawley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. A. Crawley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><em>Discharge Section.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. R. W. Dill</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Section Officers</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. J. A. Gunn</td>
-    <td class='c018'>13th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. F. A. MacAloney</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.A.F.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. W. Fisher</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. G. W. Banks</td>
-    <td class='c018'>38th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. I. C. Banks</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Composite Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><em>Hospital Section.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. A. Mackenzie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Section Officer</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt F. T. DeWolfe</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><em>Dispersal Station “A,” Charlottetown.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. W. Stanley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. J. S. Bagnell</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Company Officers</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. R. Richie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. H. E. McEachern</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. McDonald</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. White</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'><em>Dispersal Station “B,” Halifax.</em></td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Officer Commanding</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. G. Johnstone</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Second in Command</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. M. S. Hunt</td>
-    <td class='c018'>5th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Company Officers</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. R. L. Billman</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.G.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. Bonner</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. B. E. Nicks</td>
-    <td class='c018'>13th Bn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. H. E. Jones</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.E.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_161'>161</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXIV.<br /> <em>THE ARMY SERVICE CORPS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>In the lexicon of the Army Service Corps, the word “impossible”
-does not exist. It was this spirit, insistently inculcated
-since the organization of the Corps in 1902, that made the
-accomplishment of the seemingly “impossible” possible by the
-Canadian Army Service Corps in the Maritime Provinces when
-the Kaiser let roar his terrorizing thunderbolts in August, 1914.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_161.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. E. C. DEAN.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Blatant glory has seldom perched on
-the escutcheon of this hard-worked Corps,
-but, on the other hand, the capable work
-of the Army Service Corps has frequently
-been the means of attracting this coy bird
-to a resting place on the banner of many
-a Unit whose prowess fills the pages of
-history.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Briefly, it is the efficient service of the
-Army Service Corps that makes possible
-the achievement of great things by the
-army.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is impossible to record the history
-of the Canadian Army Service Corps in the Maritime Provinces
-throughout the duration of the Great War—and after—without beginning
-at the basis of the structure, namely, No. 4 Detachment of
-the Canadian Permanent Army Service Corps, now known as No. 6
-Detachment of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps, having its
-headquarters at Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On August 4, 1914, No. 4 Detachment was officered by five
-officers of the Canadian Permanent Army Service Corps, two
-attached officers of the Active Militia, and one officer of the Imperial
-Army Service Corps, attached. The Detachment was administered
-by Major E. C. Dean, who was attached to the Staff of Military
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_162'>162</span>District No. 6 as an Assistant Director of Supplies and Transport
-(now Lieut.-Colonel E. C. Dean, Senior Supply and Transport
-Officer, attached to the Staff of M.D. No. 6). He was also Commandant
-of the Canadian Army Service Corps School of Training.
-In command of the Detachment was Major R. O. Marks, an officer
-of the Imperial Army Service Corps, temporarily loaned to the
-Canadian Sister Corps. He was also Adjutant of the School of
-Training. The other officers of the Permanent Force were Lieut.
-H. O. Lawson (now Major Lawson, Senior Supply and Transport
-Officer, M.D. No. 3, Kingston, Ontario); Lieut. Keith MacDougall
-(now Major MacDougall, in charge of No. 6 Detachment,
-R.C.A.S.C.); Lieut. J. A. Gwynne (who proceeded Overseas as
-Adjutant of the Second Divisional Train); and Lieut., now Capt.,
-George Simms, District Barracks Officer—a most efficient, hard-working
-officer, whose capability went a long way towards making
-possible the quartering and comfort of many thousands of troops
-in the Maritime Provinces. The splendid services rendered by this
-officer—his absolute devotion to his arduous duties, his zeal and
-tireless efforts in behalf of the C.E.F., and, at the same time, his
-careful supervision of all matters pertaining to the financial interests
-of the public purse—are well worthy of recognition.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The two attached officers of the Active Militia were Lieut. (now
-Major) H. R. Hendy, of Esquimalt, B.C., and Capt. H. J. B.
-Keating, of No. 6 Company, Canadian Army Service Corps.
-Captain Keating is now stationed at Quebec.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The rank and file of the Detachment numbered less than fifty—scarcely
-sufficient to care for the needs of Halifax Garrison in peace
-time. The available transport comprised about a half-dozen horses,
-two time-worn Ford passenger cars, two steamboats, and a “dumb”
-lighter. Practically the whole of the land transport was carried out
-by horses and wagons under a civilian contractor—Mr. George E.
-VanBuskirk.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Supply Depot, including grocery store, bakery, and meat
-shop, was located within the confines of Glacis Barracks—the
-headquarters of the Army Service Corps at Halifax—in a small
-brick building which, under the regime of the Imperials, had been
-used as a school for the senior children of Imperial soldiers in garrison
-at Halifax. Under peace conditions this building was inadequate
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_163'>163</span>for the purposes for which it was used, and, needless to say, under
-war demands its continuance as such was out of the question. All
-flour, bread, groceries, meat, and other supplies, had to be taken in
-and out of one small door.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>To meet war requirements, the garrison gymnasium—situated
-about fifty feet from the old senior school building—was taken over
-and converted into an ideal Supply Depot. The former grocery store
-was then opened up to enlarge the bakery, which was modernized
-by the introduction of electrically-operated machinery and new and
-enlarged ovens. The meat shop was also improved, the chill room
-enlarged and modernized by the addition of a “trolley” system for
-the expeditious handling of meat. Thus in a short time the handicap
-with which the Army Service Corps labored at the outbreak of
-war was quickly overcome.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The most serious difficulty, however, which had to be combatted
-was that of obtaining sufficient men to carry out the increased work
-thrown upon this Corps by the sudden strengthening of Halifax
-Garrison, and the calling out of troops to guard various points in
-the Maritime Provinces. This was a real and trying hardship.
-The other Permanent Force Units forming Halifax Garrison could
-not spare men to assist the Army Service Corps, as every man was
-needed within his own Unit. The problem was partly solved by
-calling up a number of non-commissioned officers and men of No. 8
-Company, Canadian Army Service Corps, commanded by Capt.
-F. W. Wickwire, with headquarters at Kentville, N.S. No. 7 Company,
-commanded by Major A. L. Massie, with headquarters at
-St. John, also supplied a few. Later on Lieut.-Col. I. W. Videto,
-commanding the 63rd Halifax Rifles, and Lieut.-Col. A. King, commanding
-the 66th Princess Louise Fusiliers, very generously loaned
-a number of splendid men, whose ready adaptability made it possible
-for the Army Service Corps to “carry on.” As time advanced
-enlistments made the Corps more or less self-sustaining, but the
-fact remains that never throughout the duration of the War were
-sufficient men actually enlisted in this branch of the Service to
-render it independent of other Units. This condition was probably
-due to the fact that the possibility of getting Overseas was greater
-by enlisting in other Units.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_164'>164</span>Mention has been made of Nos. 7 and 8 Companies of the
-Canadian Army Service Corps. Both these Companies played
-important parts in the Great World War, at home and abroad.
-Major Massie took Overseas the Second Divisional Train, and all
-the officers and practically the whole of the rank and file of No. 7
-Company accompanied him. Captain Wickwire, of No. 8 Company,
-after a short period as Deputy Assistant Director of Supply and
-Transport, M.D. No. 6, also went over to France with this Train,
-and rendered very efficient service with it in the fighting zone.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The strengthening of the Garrison of Halifax made possible the
-fulfilment of the plans of defence, which had long since been carefully
-laid down. This, and the summoning of troops for guard
-purposes at various points in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
-threw a vast amount of work on the Army Service Corps, for not
-only had these troops, scattered over a wide area throughout the
-three Provinces, to be housed, and their daily wants in the matter
-of food, water, light, fuel, straw for bedding, transport and necessary
-services arranged for, but it was also required, following a preconceived
-plan, to provide for them against the possibility of their being
-cut off from their source of supply. To do justice to the amount of
-labor involved in the organization and administration of this task
-would require a volume greater in size than this one, so all that
-can be done is to give a brief outline of the general scheme followed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the Royal Canadian Regiment, with its supporting
-artillery, were ordered to garrison points in the Island of Cape
-Breton and Canso, they left Halifax self-sustaining for fourteen
-days; that is, they carried with them reserve rations sufficient for
-fourteen days for all ranks. In addition they carried rations for
-current consumption sufficient for all ranks for a further fourteen
-days, but minus meat, butter and bread. Lieut. J. A. Gwynne, of
-the Army Service Corps, and one clerk, accompanied the Regiment
-to Sydney to make necessary supply and other arrangements. The
-tasks this officer had to attend to may be judged when it is known
-that he had to make contracts, and to arrange to supply the wants
-of troops located at nine different points, covering a frontage of
-about fifty miles, and requiring travel by train, steamship, street car
-and automobile to reach the various posts. So capably was the duty
-performed that the troops had never to go without a meal, their
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_165'>165</span>rations being arranged with practically the regularity which prevailed
-in Halifax under peace conditions. When Lieutenant
-Gwynne was summoned for service Overseas, he was replaced at
-Sydney by Lieut. Horace Westmoreland. Later on this officer went
-to France as Transport Officer of the Royal Canadian Regiment,
-being replaced at Sydney by Lieut. Cecil Sircom. These three
-officers belonged to the Permanent Force, and received their training
-at Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As the Supply and Transport Officer at Sydney found it impossible
-to give any attention to the troops stationed at Canso, the
-work there incidental to the Army Service Corps was performed by
-the Officer Commanding the Guard, who received the necessary
-instructions by telegram and telephone from the Assistant Director
-of Supplies and Transport at Halifax, an Army Service Corps’
-Clerk being sent to Canso to attend to the necessary accounting.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>An incident might here be related as exemplifying the difficulties
-that had to be overcome from time to time by the Army Service
-Corps. Certain heavy guns had to be transported from Prince
-Edward Island to points in Nova Scotia. Every effort was put
-forth to obtain the services of a ship capable of carrying these guns,
-but without success. Finally, after a delay of several days, Lieut.-Colonel
-Arthur Peake telephoned from Charlottetown to Halifax
-to say that a ship was then approaching Charlottetown Harbor
-which might be suitable. The A.D. of S. &amp; T. at Halifax instructed
-him to approach the captain of this vessel and explain to him the
-situation, and if he was not agreeable to undertaking the task of
-transporting these guns, Colonel Peake was to commandeer the ship
-and move the artillery to the places directed. Whether it was
-Colonel Peake’s persuasiveness or his war-like demeanor that had
-the desired effect cannot be stated with certainty. Time was spent
-only in removing sufficient of the ship’s cargo to make it possible to
-load the guns, which were then transported with despatch. Meanwhile
-other arrangements had been made by the Army Service Corps
-to carry these guns to the points in Nova Scotia where they were
-required.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The troops forming the actual defence force of Halifax and
-environments were supplied on the same basis as those sent to Cape
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_166'>166</span>Breton, so that in the event of necessity they could sustain themselves
-for fourteen days, and by the addition of tinned meat and
-biscuit, the period could be extended another fourteen days.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Meanwhile troops had been summoned for the defence of St.
-John, N.B., which necessitated calling out a portion of No. 7 Company
-of the Canadian Army Service Corps, under the command of
-Major A. L. Massie. This detachment took up its headquarters in
-the Armories, and from there efficiently ministered to the wants of
-the troops on duty and in training at St. John and adjoining points.
-Lieut. J. Key, who had been trained at Halifax, was sent to St. John
-to take up the duties as District Barrack Officer, carrying out these
-duties very satisfactorily. Lieut. Arthur Biggar, who was also
-trained at Halifax, was despatched to St. John as Officer in Charge
-of Supplies, a position he filled very creditably until called for duty
-in France. The troops doing duty at St. John and adjacent points
-were also rationed on the same basis as were those on duty at
-Halifax, Cape Breton, and other points.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It will be remembered that early in the War a Capt. Von
-Weghorn, an officer of the Prussian Army, startled the civilized
-world by an attempt to destroy the International railway bridge
-spanning the St. Lacroix River, between McAdam Junction, on the
-Canadian side, and Vanceboro, on the United States’ side. A suitcase
-filled with dynamite was placed between the piers of the northeast
-corner of the bridge on the Canadian side. The attempt
-failed, the bridge being only slightly damaged and traffic not
-delayed. It was considered expedient, however, to place an armed
-guard on this bridge on the Canadian side. To Lieut.-Col. E. C.
-Dean, A.D. of S. &amp; T., M.D. No. 6, fell the duty of making the
-necessary supply and other arrangements for this guard.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A similar guard was placed over the new railway bridge spanning
-the St. John River at St. Leonards.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Guards were also established over the Marconi Wireless Towers
-at Newcastle, N.B., and Barrington Passage, the latter under command
-of Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley. These guards required the usual
-attention on the part of the Army Service Corps. To maintain the
-guard at Barrington Passage was a cause of anxiety, as it was stationed
-at a point some miles off the main road, in the midst of a
-wilderness, and could be reached only in good weather, as the road
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_167'>167</span>leading to the Wireless Station from the main highway was-well,
-simply impossible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Permanent guards were also maintained at Louisburg, Glace
-Bay, Whitney Pier, Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney Mines, Cranberry
-Head, Chapel Hill, Canso and various other places.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Incidentally troops were gathering at Valcartier to form the
-First Contingent and the quota from the Maritime Provinces had to
-be transported to the place of rendezvous. The manner of the
-arrangement of this transportation was unique. Recruiting was
-being carried on in practically every city, town, village and hamlet
-in the Maritime Provinces. Movements were made when it was
-known that sufficient numbers of men had been recruited to justify
-sending them forward. On the A.D. of S. and T. rested the task
-of making train arrangements to get these recruits to Valcartier.
-It was done in this manner: Instructions were sent to various
-recruiting centres to have certain numbers of recruits entrain on a
-certain train on a certain day. Thus, for instance, the first lot
-might entrain at Louisburg, and others along the line as far as
-Sydney; probably some would be brought over from Sydney Mines
-and North Sydney to Sydney. At the latter place two, three or
-four special coaches would be attached to a regular train, and as
-this train proceeded towards Truro, the number of recruits would
-be augmented, until on its arrival at Truro it might have from two
-to three hundred on board. Meanwhile, a sufficient number would
-be run up from Halifax, and a special train would then be made up at
-Truro and run to Levis, P.Q., where a transfer would be made for
-Quebec and Valcartier. At other times Moncton would be made
-the point at which a special train would be made up, in which case
-St. John supplied the completing quota to make up the train load of
-500 or thereabouts. It must be borne in mind, however, that the
-whole movement was planned ahead of time, and the transport
-scheme carried out on a definite plan.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Obviously it was impossible to send out transport warrants to
-cover the movement of these various groups, so an arrangement was
-made whereby the railway authorities agreed to accept temporary
-interim receipts from officers or non-commissioned officers in
-charge of these groups, on the presentation of a telegram or letter
-of instruction from either the A.D. of S. &amp; T. or any other Staff
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_168'>168</span>officer. These receipts were issued in duplicate, one copy of which
-was kept by the ticket agent and the other mailed to the A.D. of
-S. &amp; T. Upon receipt of the latter, covering transport warrants
-were mailed to the ticket agents concerned. By this means some
-thousands of troops were moved expeditiously from the Maritime
-Provinces to Valcartier.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>New Units of the Canadian Expeditionary Force were forming
-in various parts of the Maritime Provinces, and it behooved the
-Army Service Corps to quarter them, arrange for supplies, water,
-light, land transportation, barrack equipment, and a thousand and
-one details incidental to the requirements of newly-formed military
-organizations, and of which only a trained soldier has the faintest
-conception. These new Units, or in some cases reinforcements,
-were scattered throughout the length and breadth of the three
-Provinces, at such places in Nova Scotia as: Halifax, Windsor,
-Truro, Pictou, New Glasgow, Antigonish, Sydney, North Sydney,
-Sydney Mines, Broughton, Glace Bay and Amherst.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the Malleable Iron Works at Amherst, were converted
-into a domicile for the involuntary reception and entertainment of
-adherents of the doctrines of the Kaiser and his admirers, a small
-detachment of the Army Service Corps was sent there to attend to
-their well-being. The late Capt. P. F. Keating was in command of
-this detachment which had also to look after the needs of the
-recruits quartered in Amherst. Captain Keating was trained at
-Halifax and later proceeded Overseas in command of No. 4 Company
-of the Third Divisional Train. This Company was recruited at
-Halifax, having its headquarters in the old Medical College Building
-at the corner of College and Carlton Streets.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Shortly after the outbreak of war, Canadian horses began to
-find their way Overseas. In the first winter of the War the number
-shipped from the Port of Halifax was something like 17,000. On
-the Army Service Corps rested the duty of embarking these animals.
-The absence of forewarning of train loads of horses being en route
-for Halifax was sometimes the cause of great anxiety. At five
-o’clock one Easter Sunday morning a telephone message from a
-railway official conveyed the tidings that there were three train
-loads of horses in the freight yards consigned to the Assistant
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_169'>169</span>Director of Supplies and Transport. As this was the first intimation
-received of the movement of these horses, naturally no
-arrangements had been made for their reception, and as the ships
-by which they were to be conveyed Overseas were not in the
-harbor, it became necessary to arrange for their disentrainment
-without loss of time. Mr. M. McF. Hall, Secretary of the Halifax
-Exhibition, was called out of bed by telephone, the situation explained
-to him, and arrangements completed to detrain and stable
-the horses at the Exhibition Grounds. Every available man of the
-Army Service Corps was aroused from bed and marched to the
-Exhibition Grounds, there to care for these horses instead of proceeding
-to church to take part in Easter Sunday Service. Later, a
-detachment of artillerymen was told off to take on the responsibility
-of these horses. At least on two other occasions consignments
-of horses reached Halifax under similar circumstances.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Another “job” of the Army Service Corps at Halifax was to
-receive, account for and send forward Overseas thousands upon
-thousands of parcels of “comforts” for the troops at the Front,
-these parcels coming from all parts of Canada, comprising everything
-in size from an envelope containing a handkerchief to packing
-cases and barrels of comforts of every description. Every parcel
-received was given a number, registered, and then despatched
-Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Arrangements for the embarkation of complete Units and reinforcements
-of troops during the early part of the War also fell to
-the lot of the Army Service Corps, the A.D. of S. &amp; T. being the
-responsible officer. He had a most capable and efficient assistant in
-the person of Capt. S. A. Doane, of Army Service Corps, whose
-knowledge of steamship matters is unsurpassed, and who carried
-out practically all the details incidental to the embarkation of troops
-at Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Barrack Services under Capt. George Simms was a hard-worked
-branch, the pressure on which did not cease until long after
-peace had been declared.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is worthy of mention that throughout the War thousands of
-contracts for supplies were made and carried out by the Army
-Service Corps in the Maritime Provinces, involving the expenditure
-of millions of dollars, the accounting for which was also one of the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_170'>170</span>many duties of the Army Service Corps, yet not in a single instance
-was there the breath of scandal discernible, a single transaction
-questioned, or a suggestion of deviation from the ethical pathway
-of rectitude. Truly a glorious record and heritage for the Canadian
-Army Service Corps in the Maritime Provinces, with headquarters
-in the Metropolis of Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The statement has been made that at the outbreak of the Great
-World War there were stationed at Halifax eight officers of the
-Army Service Corps. Most of these were soon cleared out and
-proceeded Overseas. Major Marks, Lieutenants Lawson and
-MacDougall were summoned to Valcartier and accompanied the
-First Contingent. Lieut.-Colonel Dean was called to take command
-of the First Divisional Train, but as his services at Halifax
-could not then be spared, he was not permitted to go. Later on he
-was given the command of the Second Divisional Train, but again
-he was held back, Major A. L. Massie of St. John being given the
-command. Col. W. A. Simson, a Nova Scotian, was placed in
-command of the First Divisional Train, which proved to be the
-“first” Train in more senses than one, inasmuch as it was conceded
-to be the best Train in France, barring none.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the establishment of an Army Service Corps Training School
-at Toronto, Capt. H. R. Hendy, of Halifax, was appointed Adjutant.
-On proceeding Overseas, he was replaced by Capt. Cecil R. Sircom.
-Both of these officers received their training at Halifax, as did also
-upwards of one hundred officers, all of whom “made good” in
-Flanders Fields, bringing credit to themselves, the Army Service
-Corps and the Metropolis of Nova Scotia, where they were trained.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Among Nova Scotia officers of the Army Service Corps who
-were trained at Halifax and saw service at the Front were: Capt.
-G. A. Redford, of New Glasgow; Lieut. D. A. Starr, of Halifax;
-Capt. “Ted” Foster, of Bedford; Capt. G. W. Underwood, of New
-Glasgow; Capt. Walter Taylor, of Halifax, who transferred his
-affections to the Army Medical Corps; Lieut. Frank S. Brennan, of
-Halifax, later transferred to the Flying Corps; Lieut. A. B. Dewberry,
-of Halifax. In addition Lieut. L. Pierce, of No. 8 Company,
-saw service in France, while Lieuts. J. A. Rose, G. H.
-Applegate, W. J. V. Tweedie, H. S. Crowe and F. D. Doyle, also
-of No. 8 Company, all Nova Scotians, performed meritorious service
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_171'>171</span>in Canada. Lieut. J. G. Ryan, of Kentville, received his training
-at Halifax and filled many important appointments at Sydney,
-Amherst, Aldershot, Ottawa and elsewhere. Physical unfitness
-rendered him unable to partake in the campaign Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Headquarters Company of the Fourth Divisional Train was
-organized at Halifax, the 200 members being recruited almost
-entirely from Nova Scotia. The Train was mobilized and trained
-at Halifax. It was commanded by Lieut.-Col. E. C. Dean, who took
-it Overseas. Of this Unit a Canadian officer in high position in
-England said it was one of the best trained bodies of men that
-Canada had contributed to the Great War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the departure Overseas of Lieut.-Colonel Dean, the duties of
-A.D. of S. &amp; T. were taken over by Major A. P. Lomas, of No. 6
-Company of the Army Service Corps. This officer very efficiently
-administered the Army Service Corps affairs in the Maritime Provinces
-for nearly three years, and rendered the British Empire
-invaluable service. He was ably seconded by Major E. E. Wood,
-who commanded the local C.P.A.S.C., now developed into a Company
-of upwards of 200 men, having about fifty horses and forty
-motor vehicles.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Permanent Detachment of the Army Service Corps at
-Halifax contributed very materially in personnel to the various
-Army Service Corps Units proceeding Overseas, the Detachment
-being made up largely of Nova Scotians. The training and disciplining
-these men received at Halifax had the effect of leavening
-the Overseas Units with which they became associated.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the casualties began to return from France, they came in
-ship loads, about ninety per cent. returning through the Port of
-Halifax. Sometimes as many as three vessels a week arrived.
-Most of the well-known big ships were engaged in bringing home
-these war-scarred veterans, among the number being the <em>Olympic</em>,
-<em>Aquitania</em> and <em>Mauretania</em>. In this work the Army Service Corps
-played an important part, as they made all train, berthing and
-feeding arrangements, as well as issuing all ranks with the necessary
-tickets for transportation. The Army Service Corps worked out
-each train “consist,” gave the completed train schedules to the railroad
-officials, who made up the trains in accordance therewith.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_172'>172</span>Lieut.-Col. E. C. Dean, who had just returned from France, was
-appointed Chief Transport Officer. Other Army Service Corps
-officers employed on this important work were: Major F. W.
-Wickwire (who later succeeded Colonel Dean as Chief Transport
-Officer), Capt. S. A. Doane, Lieut. Ken. Love, Capt. L. Prickler,
-and Lieut. George H. Edgar. Also assisting were eighty train
-conducting officers, one of whom was placed in charge of each troop
-train to look after the comforts of the men, see that they were
-properly fed, and that the train was run through to its destination
-without undue delay.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Troops were disembarked at the rate of 1,000 under one hour:
-the <em>Olympic</em> and <em>Aquitania</em>, each carrying 5,500, were cleared in
-five hours. About twelve to fourteen trains on an average were
-required to despatch this number of men homeward, and the fact
-that over a quarter of a million men were thus entrained, ticketed,
-berthed and fed en route without a single mishap or complaint
-serves to illustrate the almost perfect system that prevailed. Troops
-were entrained at the rate of 1,000 an hour, which meant that a
-troop train departed every half hour, which may be considered
-quick work even from a railroad standpoint.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Though he was not connected with the military in any way,
-at the same time a word of praise is due Mr. Ernie Cameron, now
-Superintendent of the Dining and Sleeping Car Department of the
-Canadian National Railways at Halifax, for the very able, efficient
-co-operation he gave the military authorities in making up trains,
-providing most excellent meals for the men en route and in many
-ways doing his bit to make the home-coming of the warriors a
-happy one.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Maritime Provinces, and Nova Scotia in particular, may
-justly be proud of the part played in the Great War by their sons
-who wore the badges of the Army Service Corps. The highly
-creditable achievements of this organization—a Unit usually little
-heard of, but which accomplishes big things—has shed lustre on
-the names of the three Provinces down by the sounding sea.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_173'>173</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXV.<br /> <em>THE CANADIAN ORDNANCE CORPS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>On the outbreak of hostilities the Canadian Ordnance Corps
-had a strength of four officers, fifty-five other ranks and
-thirteen civilians. It was very soon apparent that the
-Ordnance Depot would have to be kept working twenty-four hours
-per diem. All ranks therefore were immediately placed under
-canvas within the Depot, and shifts arranged so that work of the
-Ordnance Depot could be continued the whole period of twenty-four
-hours.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The armament of the Fortress and the Royal Canadian
-Engineer Defence electric lights were immediately equipped up to
-war scale. All fighting equipment necessary for the Royal Canadian
-Regiment, the 63rd and 66th Regiments, and 1st Regiment
-Canadian Garrison Artillery was immediately issued. Companies
-of the 94th and 78th Regiments were later clothed and equipped for
-duty at various strategic points in Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>With the manning of all Forts it became necessary to place a
-highly trained mechanic, known as an Armament Artificer, in each,
-to keep all guns and machinery in repair, and ready for immediate
-action. These were provided by the Canadian Ordnance Corps.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As soon as the Camp opened at Valcartier, it fell to the lot of
-the Canadian Ordnance Corps at Halifax to ship forward the bulk
-of the stores for equipping the Units being mobilized at Valcartier.
-Day after day, night after night, it was one continuous loading of
-cars to rush forward to Valcartier Camp. Special efforts were
-made to complete the 17th Battery, C.F.A., Sydney, with clothing
-and equipment before proceeding to Valcartier.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Prior to the departure of the 1st Division from Valcartier, an
-advance party from the Canadian Ordnance Corps was being sent
-to England to prepare for the arrival of the Canadians in England.
-Conductor J. D. Pitman and three non-commissioned officers and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_174'>174</span>men left Halifax with seventy minutes notice and proceeded to
-England as part of the Canadian Ordnance Corps advance party.
-The party were each in possession of a haversack and water bottle
-as their kit. Conductor Pitman received promotion to the rank
-of Major, and held Staff appointments on the various Divisions in
-France, finally being made Chief Ordnance Officer, Canadian Overseas
-Military Forces, and was awarded the D.S.O.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As the Imperial Government was, during the early stage of the
-War, urgently in need of guns and ammunition, all guns and ammunition
-which could be spared from this district were immediately
-shipped away direct to the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two Armament Artificers also left Halifax to proceed with the
-Canadian Artillery Brigades of the 1st Division, and of these two,
-Armament Q.M.S. Smith, it is regretted, after having greatly
-distinguished himself in action, died of the result of wounds.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In October, 1915, the Halifax Detachment of the Canadian
-Ordnance Corps sent Overseas a nucleus of an Ordnance Mobile
-Workshop required by the Canadian Corps for the inspection,
-repair and upkeep of guns and vehicles of all kinds in the Field.
-This Unit was placed under the command of Major A. S.
-Buttenshaw, Inspector of Ordnance Machinery. This officer was
-afterwards Chief Inspector of Ordnance Machinery, Canadian
-Forces, and was awarded the D.S.O. Other ranks of the Detachment
-were moved away from time to time Overseas as ordered from
-Ottawa. Owing to the enormous amount of work required in the
-clothing and equipping of C.E.F. Units in the district, it was
-necessary to more than treble the Staff, recruits enlisting being
-trained for their duties by the few permanent men who, though
-much against their own wishes, were kept in Halifax, and even
-then all ranks were working day and night. The explosion which
-occurred in Halifax, December, 1917, also added to the work,
-various temporary hospitals being equipped by the Canadian
-Ordnance Corps.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In August, 1918, one officer and nine other ranks of the Halifax
-Detachment, C.O.C., were ordered to Vancouver as part of the
-Siberian Expeditionary Force. Several cars were loaded at Halifax
-with stores for this force and sent forward. The Halifax Detachment,
-with Ordnance men from other districts, arrived in Russia
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_175'>175</span>at Vladivostock and at once opened up a complete Ordnance Depot,
-where work was carried on in the usual smooth manner.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Several hundred thousand tons of ammunition, arms, equipment
-and clothing have been handled by the Canadian Ordnance Corps
-at Halifax during the period of the War, both coming from and
-going to England. The Ordnance Workshops at Halifax carried
-out an enormous amount of repair work, and in addition manufactured
-large quantities of military stores which were unable to
-be purchased. Tradesmen enlisting in the C.E.F. in various parts
-of Canada, such as wheelers, blacksmiths, saddlers and armorers,
-who were required to accompany troops Overseas, were sent to the
-Canadian Ordnance Corps, Halifax, for training. The Ordnance
-Department was also called upon to carry out all repairs and testing
-of ammunition for the Naval Services, both Imperial and Canadian,
-in addition to that of the Land Service. This work has to be done
-by experts, and necessitates very long hours, as certain cordite
-tests have to run continually day and night for several days at a
-time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Since the War, all the equipment, including ammunition, for the
-new Reorganized Active Militia, is being handled at Halifax and
-reshipped to the various military points in Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following officers and senior warrant officers of Canadian
-Ordnance Corps have served with No. 6 Detachment, Canadian
-Ordnance Corps, during various periods of the War:—</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Colonel J. F. MacDonald; Lieut.-Colonels A. H. Panet and
-M. C. Gillin; Majors A. S. Buttenshaw, D.S.O., and J. D. Pitman,
-D.S.O.; Captains E. M. Cartmer, J. H. MacQueen, S. V. Cooke,
-A. M. Simons, J. N. Gibson, and R. N. C. Bishop; Lieut. G. E. J.
-Ball; Conductors J. A. Villard, E. V. Hessian, A. Bentley, D.C.M.,
-and A. Lable.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In recognition of services rendered during War 1914–1918, His
-Majesty the King has graciously approved the grant of the title
-“Royal” to the Canadian Permanent Ordnance Corps, and hereafter
-this Corps is permitted to bear the designation of “The Royal
-Canadian Ordnance Corps.”</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_176'>176</span>
-<img src='images/i_176.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic006'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. JOSEPH HAYES, D.S.O., C.A.M.C.,<br /><br />Twice mentioned in dispatches; M.O., 85th Infantry Battalion, 30–10–15 to 19–12–17; M.O., 4th Divisional Train, 19–12–17 to 14–4–18; S.M.O., Central Group, C.F.C., 15–5–18 to 1–1–19; O.C., No. 2 Canadian Stationary Hospital, 7–1–19 to 17–5–19. Author of “The 85th in France and Flanders.”</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_177'>177</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXVI.<br /> <em>NOVA SCOTIA MEDICAL SERVICES IN THE GREAT WAR.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>BY LIEUT.-COL. JOSEPH HAYES, D.S.O., C.A.M.C.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“Men whisper that our arm is weak,</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>Men say our blood is cold,</div>
-      <div class='line'>And that our hearts no longer speak</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>That clarion note of old;</div>
-      <div class='line'>But let the spear and sword draw near</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>The sleeping lion’s den,</div>
-      <div class='line'>Our Island shore shall start once more</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>To life with armèd men.”</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c014'>The medical men of this Province were no less ardent in their
-desire to serve their country in the War than all the other
-professions, trades and callings. It was a contagion in the
-air that got into the blood. Sooner or later everybody got it and
-responded to it according to their own notion of service or opportunity.
-Medical men were needed at home as well as abroad. There
-were recruits to be examined and young soldiers in training requiring
-medical and surgical attention and the country could not be
-stripped of medical service. No sooner were Units formed than
-there was a clamor for medical appointments. Some medical men
-even joined the combatant ranks, although they were soon returned
-to the medical service owing to the demand for medical officers.
-Also many Nova Scotia medical men went direct to England, or were
-already abroad, and joined up with the Royal Army Medical Corps.
-Many of these, with many regimental medical officers, owing to
-their isolation from the great body of medical men associated with
-Canadian Hospitals, will be overlooked in narratives of the doings
-of the medical fraternity.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Before describing in detail the medical work done by Nova
-Scotians during the War, it will be useful to give a brief outline of
-the activities of the Medical Service in war.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_178'>178</span>Medical attention is required all the way from the recruiting
-and training camps at home, and those in England and France and
-along the lines of communication, up to the front areas and fighting
-Units in the firing line, No Man’s Land and the hand-to-hand
-encounter in the enemy trenches. But perhaps the function of the
-Medical Service which calls for the greatest vigilance and most
-thorough care is the prevention and control of epidemic and contagious
-diseases.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The most strenuous efforts of the Medical Services are exerted
-to rescue the man who is wounded in action, and to give him such
-prompt attention as will prevent him, as far as possible, from
-bleeding to death or dying from shock or exposure and to hasten
-him to a place where the best surgical skill can be exercised to save
-his life and limbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The primary aid is under the direction of the Regimental
-Medical Officer who is assisted by sixteen stretcher-bearers and two
-orderlies whom it is his duty to keep in a constant state of efficiency
-by careful training, as unskilled men, during active operations, are
-constantly being added from the ranks to make up wastage. One
-Nova Scotia Regiment lost thirty-three per cent. of its stretcher-bearers
-in two hours in the Vimy Ridge engagement.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This little coterie goes into the trenches with the Unit. The
-Regimental Medical Officer selects a Regimental Aid Post (R.A.P.)
-well to the front and as far as possible out of the direct line of
-enemy fire, so that the wounded may be safely cared for and
-promptly evacuated. The stretcher-bearers are detailed four to
-each Company, and these go with their Companies into action and
-accompany them wherever they go. They are the most exposed
-men in an engagement; for while the combatants may advance in
-rushes and seek shelter as they go, the stretcher-bearer is constantly
-exposed, going back and forth to the relief of the wounded.
-As a result of the efficiency these men attain, their dressings,
-applied on the battle-field during action, often can go untouched
-until they reach the hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the Regimental Aid Post further treatment is given by the
-Regimental Medical Officer, food and hot tea or coffee are given
-and the wounded are rolled in blankets and made as comfortable
-as possible before being sent out. All cases are tagged, usually a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_179'>179</span>white tag showing the man’s name, number, Regiment, the nature of
-his injury, and any special treatment or remedies that may have
-been given. In dangerous cases a red tag is used, which secures
-the right of way in rapid evacuation and immediate attention.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As soon as casualties are ready for evacuation from the R.A.P.
-they are handed over to the Bearer Section of a Field Ambulance
-to be carried to their Advanced Dressing Station. As it is practically
-never possible to establish the Main Dressing Station sufficiently
-far forward to convey stretcher cases to it in one relay, and
-at the same time have it accessible to motor ambulances, light
-railways and other means of rapid evacuation, Advanced Dressing
-Stations are set up as near the front as can be evacuated to the
-Main Dressing Station by horsed ambulances with reasonable safety
-by day as well as by night. The evacuation of the wounded up to
-this point must usually be done at night on account of enemy
-observation; though the walking wounded are often able to take
-advantage of lulls in the hostile fire and make their way out during
-the day. Usually arrows are put up along the route pointing the
-direction for “walking wounded.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Main Dressing Station of the Field Ambulance is provided
-with facilities for attending to cases requiring immediate operation
-as the only means of saving life. It must be remembered that this
-Unit is on the field of actual operations and within reach of the
-direct fire of the enemy. The sick and wounded are here sorted,
-classified and evacuated as soon as possible to the Casualty Clearing
-Station (C.C.S.). The few mild cases that can be returned to the
-line or sent to near-by rest camps after twenty-four or forty-eight
-hours are held at the Field Ambulance, it being necessary to conserve,
-as much as possible, the man-power for the line.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Casualty Clearing Station affords the next relief. This is
-the first Unit completely equipped for urgent, formal major operations,
-and some have X-ray apparatus and electrically-heated
-operating tables. Although cases are not carried to a finality of
-treatment, and are only kept until fit to move after relief is given,
-practically all wounds are dressed at the C.C.S. After emergent
-operations wounds are often packed with dressings and hurried on
-to a general hospital in the Lines of Communication. It must be
-remembered that these Units are within range of enemy guns and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_180'>180</span>liable to get short notice from the enemy, by concentrated high
-explosive shell-fire, to vacate, or they may have to advance with
-the advance of their own troops. Constant action is therefore
-necessary to maintain rooms for the steady stream of wounded
-which they must always be prepared to handle. It is only the most
-urgent operations that are performed, such as wounds of the
-abdomen, chest and brain, or such wounds as are liable to become
-hopeless through infection or complications before reaching the
-base. The C.C.S. is usually located at a rail head and has access to
-ambulance trains for evacuation. These trains are wonderfully
-equipped with an emergency operating room, kitchen, dining room
-for up-patients and Staff sleeping berths, dispensary, medical
-officers, nurses and orderlies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Now comes the first real hospital treatment. All along the
-coast of France and at suitable places were hospital centres such as
-Calais, St. Omer, Le Treport, Le Havre, Rouen, Etaples and
-Boulogne, with General and Stationary and Special Hospitals.
-These centres were under an A.D.M.S., who was informed usually
-twice daily by the different hospitals what empty beds were available.
-From this information convoys (hospital trains) were
-dispatched from the C.C.S. to the different hospitals. These were
-notified by telegraph of the approximate time of arrival so that
-ample provision could be made to transfer by motor ambulance the
-patients from the train, on arrival, to the hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>These hospitals were all splendidly equipped with X-ray departments
-and pathological laboratories, and were well staffed with
-medical and surgical specialists, highly trained nurses and orderlies.
-When satisfactory progress had been made here, patients were
-transferred to England to similar, though more highly specialized,
-hospitals and convalescent homes, and finally, where necessary, were
-invalided home to Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The difference between a General and a Stationary Hospital
-was only in size, the former being primarily about twice the size of
-the latter.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nova Scotia contributed its quota to all these varied services,
-including three complete Medical Units.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_181'>181</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>NO. 1 CANADIAN CASUALTY CLEARING STATION.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_181.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. F. L. S. FORD, C.M.G.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>The first Nova Scotia Unit to be accepted and mobilized for
-Overseas Service with the First Contingent was a Medical Unit,
-No. 2 Clearing Hospital, which had recently returned from annual
-training at Sussex, N.B. Its headquarters was at Halifax and its
-Commanding Officer Major F. L. S. Ford, who afterwards became
-Colonel Ford, C.M.G., and was three
-times mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig’s
-despatches.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Unit afterwards became No. 1
-Canadian Casualty Clearing Station and
-had a most brilliant record, going
-through the whole war service of the
-Canadian Corps.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Immediately after Great Britain entered
-the War on August 4, 1914,
-Major Ford telegraphed to Ottawa
-offering his Unit for Active Service, and
-on August 10th its mobilization was
-ordered at Liverpool, N.S. On August 12th a recruiting meeting
-occurred in the Town Hall, Liverpool, which was one of the first,
-if not the first, public recruiting meeting held in Canada. This
-meeting was addressed by Major Ford, the mayor of the town, and
-a number of other citizens. There was a great deal of enthusiasm,
-and then and there the Unit was recruited up to peace-time strength,
-and in a few days orders were received to entrain on August 20,
-1914, for Valcartier Training Camp, via Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the people of Queens County saw this first draft of the
-flower of their young manhood march away in the King’s uniform
-for service on the battle-fields of Europe, they felt that the War was
-a real thing and had already reached their erst-while quiet, peaceful
-homes. The send-off was appropriate to the occasion and the
-people were proud of their noble sons who so promptly responded
-to the call of Empire and bore themselves splendidly as they marched
-away amidst the acclaim of their friends and comrades.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Unit had always been recruited principally from Queens
-and Annapolis Counties, but had members on its strength from all
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_182'>182</span>over the Maritime Provinces and during the period of Active
-Service had on its roll men from all parts of Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At 11 a.m., August 22nd, the Unit arrived at Valcartier with six
-officers and forty-one other ranks, who were soon mixed up in the
-moil and swirl and grind of military training in that big Camp with
-some thirty thousand others.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The officers, N.C.O.’s and men who went to Valcartier from
-Liverpool were: Major F. S. L. Ford, Commanding Officer; Capt.
-H. T. M. McKinnon, Capt. C. Harold Dickson, Capt. G. B. Peat,
-Lieut. H. A. Pickup, Q.M., Lieut. G. W. McKeen, Staff-Sergt. F.
-Burnett, Staff-Sergt. E. Dexter, Staff-Sergt. E. Hunt, Q.M.S. R.
-Robar, Staff-Sergt. R. Brown, Sergt. J. Fiendel, Sergt. McLeod;
-Privates—A. Crouse, J. Gardine, L. Keating, P. Joudrey, A. Morris,
-N. Neily, M. Reid, L. Frost, W. Joudrey, W. Murray, H. Harnish,
-E. Conrad, G. McGill, H. Rafuse, C. Fraser, C. Holden,
-E. McGowan, C. Robart, W. Bernadine, J. Hallett, W. O’Reilly,
-H. Oickle, C. Jollimore, S. White, A. Trefry, B. Smith, A. Joudrey,
-L. Brooks, H. Lantz, J. Downer, G. Conrod, R. Bell.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On arrival at Valcartier this Unit took over No. 2 Camp Hospital,
-and carried on as a Field Hospital. The Staff was kept
-pretty busy with the usual run of camp sickness among new recruits,
-camp diarrhœa, acute indigestion, fevers, camp accidents, and the
-usual P.U.O.’s and N.Y.D.’s thrown in.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While at Valcartier, the O.C., Major Ford, was gazetted Lieut.-Colonel.
-Capt. G. W. O. Downsley, Capt. C. E. Cooper Cole, and
-forty other ranks of No. 1 Clearing Hospital of Toronto were taken
-on the strength as well as Major H. A. Chisholm, Capt. R. H.
-McDonald and Capt. J. M. Stewart. Lieut. G. W. McKeen was
-transferred as Medical Officer to an Army Service Corps and
-Captain Cole was retransferred to No. 2 General Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At 4.30 p.m., September 25th, the Unit left by train for Quebec
-and embarked on the <em>S.S. Megantic</em> at 6 p.m. The other Units
-to embark on this ship were: The 15th Canadian Battalion (48th
-Highlanders), Lieut.-Col. John Currie; The 1st Divisional Ammunition
-Column, Lieut.-Col. J. Penhole; No. 1 Canadian Field Ambulance,
-Lieut.-Col. A. E. Ross.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_183'>183</span>After lying in the stream for five days the ship weighed anchor
-at 10.30 p.m. on September 30th and proceeded down the St. Lawrence
-River to the rendezvous in Gaspé Bay, for there were thirty-one
-troopships in this grand fleet which was to convey the Canadian
-Army of thirty thousand safely over the ocean to Old Mother
-England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As the good ship <em>Megantic</em> glided quietly down the river the
-stars shone brightly, the silvery moon was high in the heavens, and
-the clear frosty tang of early autumn was in the air. As the shimmering
-waters of this great river glistened and danced in the moonlight
-all nature seemed to have an air of serene quietude and universal
-confidence. The scene might have been committed to canvas
-as an emblem of peace; but this was a first stage in the great
-adventure of war, the fullest bitterness of which many of that gay
-company were destined to taste.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At 3 p.m., October 3, 1914, this great flotilla weighed anchor
-and put to sea, led by <em>H.M.S. Eclipse</em>, immediately followed by
-the <em>Megantic</em>, containing the first Nova Scotia Medical Unit.
-There were a number of torpedo boat destroyers, and among the
-battleships were the <em>Queen Mary</em> and the <em>Glory</em>. After an
-uneventful voyage of eleven days this great flotilla arrived at
-Plymouth on October 14th. The reception given the Canadian
-Contingent everywhere was wonderful. The sentiment back of it
-all seemed to reach every heart. A splendid army of sturdy Anglo-Saxons
-from a new and great country had come three thousand
-miles over the seas to join the forces of the Mother Land within
-two months from the time she had entered the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After lying in the stream for two days the <em>Megantic</em> docked
-and on October 16th the 1st Canadian Casualty Clearing Station
-disembarked and marched midst cheering throngs through the
-streets of Plymouth together with the other Units, and entrained
-for the land of winter slush and mud at Salisbury Plains. At
-2 a.m. on a pitch dark October morning the Unit detrained at
-Patney and Chirton Station and marched to West Down North,
-where they arrived tired and weary after a sleepless night and a
-long march, at 7.30 a.m., October 17th.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_184'>184</span>Major H. A. Chisholm was called for duty to the office of the
-A.D.M.S. Canadians shortly after arrival. Major Chisholm belonged
-to Antigonish, and was a member of the Permanent Army
-Medical Corps. He had a distinguished career Overseas and
-attained the rank of Colonel and was mentioned in despatches and
-awarded the honors of C.M.G. and D.S.O. He also held the important
-positions of D.A.D.M.S. 1st Canadian Division; A.D.M.S.
-4th Division; A.D.M.S. attached to the office of the D.G.M.S.
-Canadians, London, and D.D.M.S., O.M.F.C., London.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The unusually heavy autumn rains of 1914 converted the rolling
-downs of Salisbury Plains into seas of mud, through which the
-Unit wallowed and bathed and boated in its efforts to follow field
-training. The troops were all under canvas at this time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lord Astor, then Major Astor, had a palatial residence and
-spacious grounds at Cliveden, near Taplow, Bucks, the grounds of
-which he offered for hospital purposes. In December No. 1 Canadian
-C.C.S. was sent to Cliveden to establish a hospital, and for six
-weeks the entire personnel was busy in these preparations. This
-hospital, established by No. 1 Canadian Casualty Clearing Hospital
-of Nova Scotia, ultimately developed into the great Duchess of
-Connaught Hospital, afterwards officially known as No. 15 Canadian
-General Hospital, upon which thousands of Canadians, Australians,
-New Zealanders, South Africans and other Britishers can look back
-with grateful memories for the skilful and successful treatment and
-great kindness for which this hospital became noted.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A Casualty Clearing Station is a field unit, and consequently
-when the 1st Canadian Division was ordered to France this Unit
-received a move order and preceded the Division to France, landing
-at Le Havre at 10 a.m., February 3, 1915, on <em>S.S. Huanchaco</em>
-from Southampton. On the same ship was another Canadian Hospital
-Unit—No. 1 Canadian Stationary, commanded by Lieut.-Col.
-Lorn Drum (now Colonel Lorn Drum, C.B.E., Inspector of Military
-Hospitals for Canada). These, however, were not the first Canadian
-Units in France, as they were preceded in November, 1914, by
-a No. 2 Canadian Stationary Hospital, which was commanded in its
-last days in France and brought back to Canada by the writer. This
-was really the first Canadian Unit of any description to function in
-France as a Unit and the only one in France in 1914.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_185'>185</span>After some six weeks’ stay at Le Havre the Unit was transferred
-to Boulogne, where it arrived at 9.45 a.m., February 26, 1915.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Motion was usually rapid in France and changes made at short
-notice. Within a week this Unit had orders to proceed from Boulogne
-to First Army Headquarters at the Town of Aire-Sur-La-Lys,
-where it arrived Saturday morning, March 6th. On arrival the
-Unit was assigned to Fort Gassion, which had been a French prison
-before the War but was now occupied by British troops as a rest
-camp, and there was also a Motor Ambulance Convoy billeted there.
-The work assigned to No. 1 C.C.S. was to take over this old prison
-and make it immediately ready for the reception of patients.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The old buildings were filthy and in a dilapidated condition, and
-required a great deal of work to prepare them for patients, and all
-the equipment had to be unpacked and placed. The whole Unit
-went to work with diligence and determination and within forty-eight
-hours they brought order out of chaos and on Monday morning
-admitted and comfortably housed fifty patients.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battle of Neuve Chapelle was in progress and was the
-source of most of the patients during the week.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Heroic work was done by the six nursing sisters who had been
-attached to and had come over to France with this Unit. They
-were:—Vivian Tremaine, M.V.O., R.R.C., Frances M. Frew, M. U.
-Riverin, Amy Howard, Minnie Follette.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sister Follette, of Great Village, Colchester County,
-afterwards lost her life with the sinking of the hospital ship
-<em>Llandovery Castle</em> by the Germans.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No. 1 Canadian C.C.S. was the only Canadian Unit in action
-during the Battle of Neuve Chapelle. It was one of six C.C.S.’s
-attached to the First Army. Before the War was over there were
-sixteen. This Unit showed such prompt action and capacity that it
-received the special commendation of Major-General Sir W. G.
-MacPherson, Director Medical Services, First Army, and in June
-the O.C., Lieut.-Colonel Ford, was awarded the C.M.G., the first
-awarded to Canadians in France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During this engagement Capts. C. H. Dickson and G. W. O.
-Downsley and a party of twelve orderlies were hastily sent to
-Merville to assist a British C.C.S., and at the Second Battle of
-Ypres, Captain Downsley and Captain J. M. Stewart, of Halifax,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_186'>186</span>with Nursing Sister Follette and twelve orderlies were assigned to
-duty at Hazebrouck to assist another British C.C.S.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There was heavy fighting throughout the summer of 1915 in the
-Bethune Sector, and No. 1 Canadian C.C.S. did a lot of heavy and
-trying work, and in addition detailed a section under Major
-W. T. M. McKinnon and Captain C. H. Dickson for duty with
-No. 2 British C.C.S., which was located at the Village of Choques.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Unit continued its headquarters at Aire, and in May, June
-and September took its full share in the herculean task of evacuating
-the wounded from Festubert, Givenchy and Loos. During the
-battle of Loos over sixty thousand casualties were evacuated from
-the British Front by the various clearing stations in four days.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One of the outstanding distinctions of No. 1 Canadian C.C.S.
-is that, when His Majesty King George V was seriously injured near
-Bethune in August, 1915, by his horse falling and rolling over on
-him, one of the nursing sisters of this Unit, V. A. Tremaine, was
-selected by the Director Medical Services of the 1st Imperial Army
-for personal attendance upon the King. His Majesty was cared
-for in a chateau near Aire until he was able to be moved to England.
-Sister Tremaine and a second nurse who had been selected, Nursing
-Sister E. K. Ward, Q.A.I.M.N.S. Territorials, accompanied the
-Royal patient and nursed His Majesty through convalescence at
-Buckingham Palace.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When Sister Tremaine finished her duties the King conferred
-upon her the M.V.O. and personally presented her with the insignia
-of that Order and made a personal gift of an exquisite brooch of
-gold and enamel set with diamonds. Her Majesty the Queen gave
-her autograph copies of the royal photographs.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit continued to operate at Aire until January, 1916,
-when it was transferred to Bailleul and opened up in a very fine
-pavilion of the Asylum for the Insane. This splendid building was
-subsequently destroyed by German shell fire and bombs. The Unit
-saw much strenuous work here, and had its first experience with
-gassed cases. Sixty of these out of eight hundred died within the
-first twenty-four hours after being brought in.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major Edward Archibald, of No. 3 (McGill) Canadian General
-Hospital, was attached to the Unit as a surgical specialist, and
-Major W. A. McLean, of Glace Bay, N.S., was transferred from
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_187'>187</span>No. 1 Canadian General Hospital as his assistant, and afterwards
-succeeded Major Archibald. Major McLean was killed during the
-summer of 1917 while at work in a C.C.S. in the northern sector
-of the British line. He was considered one of the most brilliant
-surgeons in the British Army.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In June, 1916, Colonel Ford was appointed Deputy Assistant
-Director of Medical Services of the Canadian Corps and Lieut.-Col.
-T. W. H. Young succeeded to the command. Later Colonel Young
-was succeeded by Major C. H. Dickson, who was promoted to the
-rank of Lieut.-Colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There was a great deal of activity on the Arras Front in the
-early spring of 1917, and preparations were being made for the
-drive for Vimy Ridge. At this time the Unit was transferred to
-Aubigny, behind Arras. Under the energetic administration of
-Lieut.-Colonel Dickson this Unit was very much increased in
-strength and did valuable work during the Battle of Vimy Ridge
-and throughout the operations on the Arras Front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the summer of 1917 the Unit was again moved to a position
-near Nieuport and arrived just as the Germans had broken through
-and made a nasty salient in the British line. Amidst this confusion,
-uncertainty and fierce fighting, the Commanding Officer, Colonel
-Dickson, quickly located his Unit and did such splendid work in
-the evacuation of the wounded that he was mentioned in despatches
-and awarded the D.S.O.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit remained at Nieuport for a few weeks only when the
-position became untenable for hospital purposes, owing to almost
-constant shelling and nightly bombing. Lieut.-Colonel Dickson was
-called to London for Staff duty, the command was taken over by
-Lieut.-Colonel A. G. H. Bennett, O.B.E., and the Unit was transferred
-again to the Arras-Vimy Front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During those anxious days of the early spring and summer of
-1918, while the Germans battered themselves hopelessly against the
-impenetrable wall of steel erected by the Canadians along the Arras
-Front this Unit did fine work in caring for and clearing the seriously
-sick and wounded and also got many casualties from that memorable
-drive of the Germans against the 5th British Army in March, 1918,
-as all the Ambulance and C.C.S. Units in that area were quickly put
-out of commission.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_188'>188</span>When preparations were made for the final victorious Canadian
-drive which commenced at Amiens on August 8, 1918, this Unit
-was moved to that sector and followed the Canadian Corps through
-those strenuous days to final victory and accompanied the 1st Canadian
-Division on its victorious march into Germany. At Bonn
-No. 1 Canadian Stationary Hospital took over the famous St.
-Martin’s Hospital, which was located on one of the loftiest hills in
-Bonn, and but two weeks before had dukes and scions of the leading
-aristocracy of Germany as patients, for it had been one of the
-most exclusive hospitals in Germany. Now it became the haven of
-the sick Canadian Tommy.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It seemed like the realization of a fantastic dream to the
-medical Staff and nursing sisters, as well as the rank and file, to find
-themselves in a modern and well-equipped hospital with luxurious
-appointments and surroundings, as compared with four long years
-of mud and mire under canvas, in huts, and often broken-down
-buildings on the edge of the battle-fields of the Somme, Ypres, Vimy,
-Passchendaele, Amiens, Bourlon, Cambrai and Valenciennes, Mons,
-and then glorious victory.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following is an incomplete list of the battle casualties of
-this Unit:—</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>KILLED IN ACTION.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Major Walter Maclean; Nursing Sisters Mae B. Sampson and
-Minnie Follette, both killed on Hospital Ship <em>Llandovery Castle</em>;
-Pte Proctor, Pte. Vere Mason.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>WOUNDED.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Lieut.-Col. F. S. L. Ford, seriously, by piece of bombshell
-(fracture base of skull); Capt. E. C. C. Cole, seriously; Capt. R. H.
-MacDonald, Sergeant M. Neilly, seriously.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>NO. 7 CANADIAN STATIONARY HOSPITAL.</h3>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
-    <div>(Dalhousie Unit.)</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Dalhousie University was early inspired with patriotic fervor.
-Within a month after the outbreak of war between Great Britain
-and Germany, Dalhousie University offered to the Government the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_189'>189</span>personnel of a Casualty Clearing Station. This offer was renewed
-in the spring of 1915. It was not known until later that this type
-of Unit was not in demand, and it was decided to offer the personnel
-of a Stationary Hospital.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_189.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. JOHN STEWART, C.B.E.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>So anxious was Dalhousie to have a definite, tangible part in
-the more strenuous service of the nation in this great struggle, that
-a delegation was sent to Ottawa on
-August 13, 1915, representing the
-Governors and Faculty of the University.
-So well were the claims of
-Dalhousie presented that the offer was
-now accepted of a Stationary Hospital,
-to be known officially as “No. 7 Canadian
-Stationary Hospital.” Definite
-authority for this was received on
-September 27, 1915.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When it came to the selection of a
-Commanding Officer everybody turned
-instinctively to that great outstanding
-factotum in Medicine and Surgery in Nova Scotia, Dr. John
-Stewart, whose name inspired enthusiasm, confidence and respect.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Halifax was taxed to its utmost in supplying accommodation
-for troops. All the old military barracks were full, the Armories
-were occupied by infantry Battalions, the sheds on No. 2 Pier were
-also occupied, and there was consequently some delay in finding
-accommodation for the mobilization and training of this Hospital
-Unit. Dalhousie University came to the rescue and gave the old
-Medical College building on the corner of Robie and College
-Streets, and Principal Kaulbach, of the Maritime Business College,
-gave the use of the dining room and kitchen of the Business
-College restaurant as a mess room. By November 1st the old
-Medical College had been converted into an adequate barracks and
-orderly room.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The selection of the medical and nursing personnel and the
-recruiting of other ranks then commenced in earnest and the
-response was wonderful. For a Stationary Hospital only twelve
-medical officers and twenty-seven nursing sisters were required:
-but thirty medical men and eighty nurses applied. The material
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_190'>190</span>was all so excellent that it was a delicate and difficult task to select.
-Preference was given, however, to Dalhousie graduates and those
-connected with the University; and among the nurses preference
-was given to graduates of the two outstanding Nova Scotia nurses’
-training hospitals, the Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, and St.
-Joseph’s Hospital, Glace Bay, as these were the only general hospitals
-in the Province with the necessary number of beds to meet
-the requirements of the Military Service in the matter of training.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Just before orders were received to proceed Overseas in the
-latter part of December, 1915, the Unit was inspected by General
-Benson, G.O.C. of this Military District, Colonel A. H. Powell,
-D.A.A. &amp; Q.M.G., and Colonel Grant, A.D.M.S. These officers
-were very generous in their praises of what the Unit had already
-accomplished in the way of training and establishing a snappy
-military organization. Their sturdy Commanding Officer, with his
-sixty-seven years of youth, had shown his magnificent qualities of
-body as well as mind and character. When Colonel Stewart set
-the pace on their route marches the youngest and most athletic had
-to let himself out. Colonel Grant, the A.D.M.S., referred to the
-splendid work already done in the service by members of the Staff,
-and mentioned particularly the work done by Major E. V. Hogan
-as Chief of Surgery at Cogswell Street Military Hospital and Major
-L. M. Murray as Chief of Medicine; and also expressed his regret
-at losing his Deputy, Capt. F. V. Woodbury, but congratulated the
-Unit on what it had gained thereby.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The time set for leaving Halifax for Overseas was December
-31, 1915, via St. John, N.B. The departure at one time of so
-many professional men and women, who stood high in the confidence
-of the people of Halifax and Nova Scotia, was a poignant
-reminder of the serious proportions assumed by the Great War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the evening of the last day of 1915, when Dalhousie Unit
-entrained at North Street Depot, a large concourse of people were
-assembled, not only of Halifax but from many other parts of the
-Province. The bands of the 1st Canadian Artillery and 63rd
-Rifles, as well as the pipers, joined the citizens of Nova Scotia in a
-fitting farewell. Their train pulled out amidst music and cheers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit arrived at St. John at 6 a.m., New Year’s Day, and
-went aboard His Majesty’s Troopship <em>Metagama</em>. At noon the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_191'>191</span>officers were entertained at luncheon by the medical profession of
-St. John at the Royal Hotel. The Unit sailed at 9 o’clock on the
-evening of January 1, 1916, with several other Units, with Col.
-H. C. Bickford as Officer Commanding troops.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sea voyages are pretty much alike. There are those who like
-their beer and poker, or bridge, and those who like to laze and read
-and sleep and sleep and read and laze, or sit and think, or simply
-sit, while others wish they had taken the advice of the poet—“Praise
-the sea but keep on land.” A convoy of torpedo boat
-destroyers was met at noon on the eighth day out, and at 3 a.m. on
-January 10th the Unit landed at Plymouth and disembarked at
-9 a.m.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The personnel on arriving in England was as follows: O.C.,
-Lieut.-Col. John Stewart; Majors E. V. Hogan and L. M. Murray;
-Captains M. A. MacAulay, V. N. MacKay, K. A. MacKenzie,
-E. K. Maclellan, S. J. MacLennan, D. A. MacLeod, J. A. Murray,
-John Rankine, Frank V. Woodbury, Karl F. Woodbury (Dental
-Officer), Lieut. S. R. Balcom, Dispenser; Lieut. Walter Taylor,
-Quartermaster; Miss L. M. Hubley, Matron, and twenty-six
-Nursing Sisters; one hundred and twenty-three N.C.O.’s and men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The officers, non-commissioned officers and men entrained at
-once for Shorncliffe, where they arrived in the evening, while the
-matron and nursing sisters proceeded to London and were temporarily
-quartered at Bonnington Hotel. They were afterwards
-distributed for duty between the hospitals at Westcliffe, Moore
-Barracks and Ramsgate.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the 11th the Unit was inspected by Lieut.-Col. F. W. E.
-Wilson, of Niagara, Ontario, A.D.M.S. Shorncliffe area.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Billets were secured and the medical officers were employed on
-medical boards or as medical officers to various Units in the training
-camps, while the non-commissioned officers and men were assigned
-to various duties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On January 17th Capt. F. V. Woodbury was stricken with that
-dread disease among troops, cerebro-spinal meningitis. For some
-days there was great anxiety on his account, but he made a rapid
-and complete recovery.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On February 5th Colonel Stewart, O.C. of No. 7 Canadian
-Stationary Hospital, was given command of Shorncliffe Military
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_192'>192</span>Hospital, with the forty subsidiary hospitals of the Dover area, in
-succession to Lieut.-Col. R. J. Blanchard, No. 3 C.C.S., of Winnipeg.
-He immediately recalled the nursing sisters and reassembled his
-Unit, and with his reorganized Staff manned Shorncliffe Military
-General Hospital and the Helena Hospital for officers. The Shorncliffe
-Hospital alone had 800 beds, and altogether there were some
-10,000 beds in the hospitals taken over. Colonel Stewart and his
-Staff had a pretty busy time administering the hospitals of this
-large area. Sir Frederic Eve visited these hospitals periodically.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During this time there were some changes in personnel: Corpls.
-G. S. Mitchell and Eric Grant left to take commissions; Capt. S. J.
-MacLennan went to Westcliffe Eye and Ear Hospital. Capt. E.
-Douglas joined the Unit during the latter part of the period here
-and sixteen other ranks were taken on strength.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There was much excitement and anticipation when it was
-announced that the Unit was to proceed to France. The impression
-got abroad somehow that the Unit was to go direct to the
-Arras and Somme areas, where they would be in close contact with
-actual warfare. This was the source of a good deal of enthusiasm.
-The Unit left Shorncliffe and proceeded to Southampton on Sunday,
-June 18, 1916, embarked there on the <em>City of Benares</em> and landed
-at Le Havre the same day. On arrival the Unit received orders to
-take over the Hotel des Emigrants at Le Havre from No. 2 Imperial
-General Hospital, which contained 400 beds. This was somewhat
-disappointing to the men after their anticipations of proceeding at
-once to the Front. However, all ranks settled down to steady work,
-and in a few weeks orders were received to establish a subsidiary
-tented hospital Unit at Harfleur, about six miles from Le Havre,
-to consist of 400 additional beds. This meant that the existing
-Staff had to man two hospitals of the same size, thus bringing a
-very heavy strain on the entire personnel, especially the nursing
-sisters and other ranks. Major L. M. Murray was placed in charge
-of the Harfleur Division.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The main hospital was used for German wounded prisoners
-being sent back from the forward areas and for local sick from
-various Imperial Units at Le Havre. The subsidiary hospital was
-used for camp sick and accidents from the Canadian Base and
-several Imperial Units.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_193'>193</span>As soon as these extensions were completed and in operation
-an urgent request was sent in for more men. Eventually a much
-larger number were sent than were required of P.B. men. (Permanent
-Base men are those who are no longer fit for service in the
-front areas.) These were with the Unit only a few days when
-orders were received to despatch to hospitals in another area a draft
-larger in number than the one received. This took away several old
-members of the Unit and left it shorter handed than ever, but the
-Unit “carried on” and did its work under difficulties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Constant changes were taking place in the staff. Capt. J. M.
-Stewart, nephew of the O.C., came to the Unit shortly after arrival
-in France from No. 1 C.C.S., and in August, 1916, Capt. F. V.
-Woodbury, Capt. M. A. MacAulay, Capt. John Rankine and Capt.
-Edgar Douglas were posted to other duties. Capt. E. K. Maclellan
-was posted to another hospital in March, 1917. Numerous officers
-from other parts of Canada were detailed for duty with this Unit
-from time to time. One of the most popular of these was Captain
-Ireland, of Ontario, who afterwards received the M.C. and was
-killed in action.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On December 31, 1916, the hospital at Le Havre was handed
-over to the Royal Army Medical Corps and the personnel of Dalhousie
-Unit, which had been carrying on there, marched to Harfleur
-and joined the balance of the Unit. Once more the whole Unit
-was united and experienced a very general sense of satisfaction.
-Ample provision had been made for quarters, mess, dental offices
-and orderly room.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In January and February, 1917, the weather was very severe,
-with steady, keen frost and a good deal of snow, “But,” as Colonel
-Stewart puts it, “the bitterest memories are the indescribable mud,
-deep, tenacious and slippery.” As spring approached it looked as
-if the summer were to be spent in the beautiful Lezard Valley, in
-which Harfleur was situated, and consequently potatoes and other
-vegetables were planted, shrubs set out and other work done with a
-view to beautifying the grounds. It was beginning to seem quite
-like home here. All the troops coming to France en route to the
-Front came through this base, and many Nova Scotians were met
-and old acquaintances renewed. Also a good many Nova Scotia
-boys trickled in to the hospital, and when they did they were
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_194'>194</span>lavished with attention, and all the nurses and orderlies wanted to
-wait on them, and the pipers, too, would manage to make themselves
-heard and many a lad’s eye was made brighter when he heard
-again the skirl o’ the pipes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There was no abiding place in France, and it was just as one
-got nicely settled down that he had to move, and at this very time
-the Unit got orders to proceed to the front areas and take over a
-hospital at Arques, which is a suburb of the City of St. Omer.
-Headed by the pipers the Unit marched off to the station Saturday
-evening, May 12th, but did not entrain until daylight the next
-morning when a special train was provided for the Unit and its
-hospital equipment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The hospital at Harfleur was taken over by a Welsh Unit, the
-40th Stationary Hospital, R.A.M.C.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The route was through Yvetot, Amiens, Abbeville and over the
-Somme, past the former battle-field of Crecy, through Boulogne
-and Calais to St. Omer and to the little suburban town of Arques,
-which was reached at 2 a.m., May 14, 1917. The rumble of the
-artillery could now be plainly heard, and the eastern sky was
-aflicker with the flashings of guns. The Unit was now within
-thirty miles of the trenches. A noble old French Chateau with
-spacious grounds, and a canal running through them, was to be
-the domicile of the hospital. This same chateau had been occupied
-by the Duke of Wellington after the campaign of Waterloo.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Tents were pitched on the grounds to supply the additional
-accommodations required, and the hospital equipment was soon
-unpacked and placed; but there was considerable delay in getting
-the necessary supplies for the erection of kitchens, bath houses,
-pavilions, and material for other necessary alterations and accommodations.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first convoy was received on June 8th and consisted of
-wounded German prisoners of war. There were 13 officers and
-379 other ranks. This was a large order for the first while not yet
-completely ready, and tested the resourcefulness and agility of the
-Unit. They rose to the occasion and handled the situation with
-great skill. Many of the men were only slightly wounded, and
-were soon discharged to prison camps.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_195'>195</span>From this time on everybody was kept busy. Wounded came
-by ambulances, hospital trains and hospital barges down the canal.
-There were Imperial, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, East
-Indian and Portuguese troops.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Dominion Day, 1917, will long be remembered by the inhabitants
-of St. Omer and vicinity. The Unit engaged a large field and
-advertised an athletic meet, and sent invitations to all the Units in
-the area. They all responded, for when July 1st came, bright and
-sunny, the whole countryside turned out, including the civilian
-population. A splendid programme of sports was carried out, and
-No. 7 carried off a goodly share of the honors. In the shade of
-the trees of the chateau grounds in the evening tables were spread
-and the Unit sat down to a “family party” and enjoyed a season
-of conviviality and good fellowship.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The next afternoon all patients who were able to be up, or to be
-carried out, were given a special tea on the lawn in honor of
-Dominion Day. While this was going on His Majesty the King
-with H.R.H. the Prince of Wales paid the Unit a surprise visit.
-His Majesty was particularly gracious in his felicitations to patients
-and Staff, by all of whom the honor of this visit was greatly
-appreciated.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the summer the enemy aeroplanes were very active in
-bombing raids on the back areas, especially on moonlight nights.
-The first real bombing raid this Unit experienced was on September
-30th. Enemy aeroplanes came over this area in great force
-shortly after sundown and began dropping numerous bombs. The
-loud swish of the bombs coming through the air followed by the
-fearful crash of the explosion was terrifying; but everybody,
-nursing sisters and all, “stood to” at their post of duty. Although
-No. 7 escaped there were serious casualties. Four men were killed
-and several wounded at the British Hospital just across the river,
-and four nursing sisters and sixteen men were killed at the Scottish
-Hospital in St. Omer, only two miles distant.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On October 8th H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught visited and
-inspected the Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first word of the terrific explosion at Halifax was received
-on December 8th, and many anxious days were spent awaiting
-definite word and to know just what had happened.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_196'>196</span>The Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel Stewart, was called to
-the higher and more important duties of Surgical Consultant to
-hospitals in England and left the Unit, greatly to the regret of the
-entire personnel, on Thursday, March 7, 1918. The command of
-the Unit was taken over by Major E. V. Hogan, who was promoted
-to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>March and April, 1918, brought still more busy days to the
-Dalhousie Unit. Being so near the Front they received a very
-large number of wounded, many straight from the field of battle.
-Although this hospital had only 400 beds it frequently had 800
-severely wounded soldiers to look after.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The final titanic struggles of 1918 had been ushered in when
-the fate of the world hung in a balance and men spoke hoarsely
-and with bated breath of the possible outcome. The Germans had
-smashed through the Fifth British Army in front of Cambrai and
-then hurled themselves against the Canadians on the Arras Front,
-only to be checked and beaten off. Then they sought a more
-vulnerable sector and attacked the Portuguese on the Bailleul Front.
-The Portuguese troops gave way and the enemy rapidly advanced
-towards Aire and got within less than three miles of this strategic
-point and were able to put shells into St. Omer, Arques and all
-sections of that hospital area, so that shelling became more or less
-constant and bombing raids were a nightly occurrence. There
-were a number of casualties among patients and Staff at some of the
-hospitals. Word was hourly expected that Aire had been taken
-and that the Germans were marching on Hazebrouck and St. Omer.
-It was therefore considered that this area was no longer tenable
-for hospital purposes and orders were issued for all hospitals to
-evacuate at once. Dalhousie Unit entrained on April 18th for
-Etaples.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit had received orders to promptly open up a large tent
-hospital at Etaples; but these orders were subsequently cancelled,
-greatly to the disappointment of the Staff, and the entire personnel
-was posted to various other hospitals in that area.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Germans seemed to have acquired a special fancy for
-bombing and shooting up hospital areas, and on May 18th subjected
-Etaples to a very severe aerial bombardment by sixty planes.
-Casualties among officers, nursing sisters and men amounted to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_197'>197</span>over a thousand. Dalhousie Unit lost two men killed—Pte. F. W.
-Laidlaw and Pte. Takanayagi (Jap.)—and two others wounded,
-including the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Col. E. V. Hogan, and
-Pte. W. G. O’Tulle.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Etaples had been a large hospital centre, but was now abandoned
-as such and the various hospitals were withdrawn to other places.
-The Dalhousie Unit was moved to Rouen, which was the largest
-base hospital centre in France. Here the officers and personnel
-were distributed and attached to various British Hospitals and had
-a further enriched experience, as there were very many casualties
-constantly coming in direct from the field of battle, owing to the
-demoralization of the hospital service in the front areas during the
-period of the German drive. Most of the nursing sisters had been
-allowed to go on leave, and some were sent to England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A special Canadian Hospital was to be established at Camiers,
-between Etaples and Boulogne, and Dalhousie Unit was ordered,
-in September, 1918, to reassemble and proceed to Camiers and
-take over a hospital of 1,000 beds at a site formerly occupied by
-No. 42 British Stationary Hospital. In the five months that followed
-this hospital was crowded and the patients were all Canadians.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was during this period that the Armistice came with its
-relaxing influences, its glorious sweets of victory, and happy dreams
-of home. Christmas also brought its good-cheer and was most
-pleasantly celebrated by the patients as well as the Staff with a
-splendid Christmas dinner and other festivities.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in February, 1919, the Unit received orders to hand over
-to the Nova Scotia sister Unit, No. 9 Canadian Stationary Hospital—the
-St. Francis Xavier Unit—and proceed to Le Havre en route to
-England and Canada. The Unit sailed from Le Havre on March
-17, 1919, for Southampton, arriving there in the afternoon. The
-stay in England lasted only a month, but this was ample time for
-all the members of the Unit to visit different parts of the British
-Isles.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During its service the Dalhousie Unit treated some 60,000 sick
-and wounded, 10,000 in England and 50,000 in France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On April 17, 1919, a happy group of Nova Scotians assembled
-on the docks at Liverpool and boarded the good ship <em>Belgic</em> with
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_198'>198</span>3,500 other Canadian troops for Home, Sweet Home. On April
-23rd that goodly company landed in Halifax and were greeted by a
-people proud of their noble sons returned with the laurels of
-victory. That happy group of Nova Scotians now assembled on
-the pier at Halifax and were given an ovation and cheered to the
-echo as they marched through the streets to the Armories to be
-demobilized. These were they who had gone in the honored name
-of Old Dalhousie. Well did they guard the honor of that name,
-and long may Dalhousie and Nova Scotia be proud of the record
-and deeds of the Dalhousie Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following casualties occurred among the members of the
-Unit:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>Killed in Action</em>: Ptes. Wm. Beck, B. E. Fraser, J. F. McLellan,
-Horace Grant, S. J. Dick, F. W. Laidlaw, Sergt. F. J. Howley,
-Ptes. J. C. Sutherland, P. L. Findlay, C. P. Wright, C. J. A.
-Guymer, Takanayagi (Jap.).</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>Died from Service Disability</em>: Pte. C. J. McCarthy.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>Wounded</em>: Lieut.-Col. E. V. Hogan, C.B.E.; Major D. A.
-MacLeod, Ptes. W. H. Chase, F. F. Choote, Dawson (twice),
-Bugler J. E. Doyle (twice), Sergt. P. D. MacDonald, Pte. W. G.
-O’Tulle (twice), Sergt. F. H. Pond.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following Nova Scotia medical officers were at different
-times attached to the Dalhousie Unit: Gerald Grant, M.C.; J. M.
-Stewart, A. E. Mackintosh, A. H. McKinnon, F. B. Day, J. A.
-Munro, E. D. McLean, E. D. Douglas, M.C.; J. E. Ellis, Seymour
-MacKenzie, K. Blackadar, A. M. Covert, A. Ellis, J. I. O’Connell,
-Andrew Love, W. H. McDonald.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following received commissions in the Field: H. B. Archibald,
-Wm Beck (killed in flying), R.F.C., G. Dawson, M.C.
-(wounded and awarded M.C.), Geo. Edgar (awarded commission,
-Embarkation Officer in Halifax), C. W. Holland, A. R. McPherson,
-W. H. Pool, D. H. Sutherland, M.C., J. D. Vair, Horace Grant,
-G. Wright, M.C., C. C. Armstrong, H. C. Lewis, C. F. Moriarity,
-J. C. Sutherland (killed), P. R. Tingley, A. W. Webber, C. Glennister,
-C. E. White, C. P. Wright, G. C. Beazley, J. F. McLellan,
-M.M., G. H. Morrison, H. B. Titus, T. H. Whelpley, C. J. A.
-Guymer, D. H. Windsor.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_199'>199</span>Promotions and Awards: Lieut.-Col. John Stewart became
-Colonel and received the C.B.E., and later was Surgical Consultant
-to Canadian Hospitals in England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major E. V. Hogan assumed command of the hospital on the
-promotion of Colonel Stewart. He was promoted to the rank of
-Lieutenant-Colonel, received the C.B.E. and was wounded in the
-Etaples raid.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major L. M. Murray became heart specialist to Special Canadian
-Heart Hospital at Bushey Park.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. M. A. MacAulay, promoted to Major, left the Unit and
-was in command of various Units and Field Ambulances. After
-his return home was in command of Cogswell Street Military
-Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. V. N. MacKay, promoted to Major and was retained in
-England for special laboratory work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. K. A. MacKenzie, promoted to Major on leaving the Unit
-at Arques in the summer of 1917 and was detailed for duty at
-Colchester Heart Hospital as Heart Specialist. Subsequently he
-became Officer in charge of Medicine at Bramshott Military Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. E. K. Maclellan, promoted to Major, afterwards returning
-to Canada where he became Officer in charge of Pine Hill Military
-Hospital, and later President Standing Medical Board. In winter
-of 1917, Acting Officer in charge Surgical Service No. 12 Canadian
-General Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. S. J. MacLennan, transferred to Westcliffe Eye and Ear
-Hospital, on arrival in England, for special duty. Invalided home
-from England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. D. A. MacLeod, mentioned in dispatches, wounded at
-Passchendaele in September, 1918, promoted to Major, and on
-return to Canada became Registrar at Camp Hill Military Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. J. A. Murray, promoted to Major, and on return to England
-from France in summer of 1917 became Officer in charge of
-Clarence House Canadian Convalescent Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. John Rankine, left Unit in summer of 1916 and went as
-Medical Officer to No. 1 Entrenching Battalion. Was attached to
-No. 4 Field Ambulance, returning to Canada for duty in the fall of
-1917.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_200'>200</span>Capt. Frank V. Woodbury went to one of the Entrenching
-Battalions and was later attached to the Staff of the 3rd Division,
-recalled to England for Staff duty. Received promotion to Majority
-and subsequently promoted to rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. Karl F. Woodbury served continuously and returned to
-Canada with the Unit, with much credit to himself and the Unit, as
-Dental Officer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. S. R. Balcom returned to England in July, 1917, became
-Quartermaster No. 12 General Hospital and promoted to Captain.
-He returned to Canada and took over duties as Officer in charge of
-Medical Stores, Military District No. 6.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut, and Quartermaster Walter Taylor, promoted to Captain,
-served continuously with the Unit until recalled home at the time
-of the Halifax explosion in December, 1917, having had three
-children killed in the explosion and losing his property. Later
-became Quartermaster Cogswell Street Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Matron L. M. Hubley served continuously with the Unit until
-April, 1918, subsequently attached for duty to No. 3 General
-Hospital and No. 8 Stationary Hospital, and Westcliffe Eye and
-Ear Hospital, returning to Canada, March, 1919. On returning to
-Canada she was employed as Matron of Cogswell Street Military
-Hospital. In December, 1916, Matron Hubley was awarded the
-Royal Red Cross, 1st Class.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sister S. A. Archard served continuously with the Unit,
-with the exception of a short time at a Forestry Corps Hospital.
-She was awarded the Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sister R. S. Calder, invalided to England in October,
-1916, served with Canadian Hospitals in England during the rest of
-the War and was awarded the Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sister E. A. Cooke served continuously with the Unit
-in England and France, returning home with the Unit. She was
-mentioned in dispatches and was awarded the Medal of Queen
-Elizabeth of Belgium.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sister A. M. Johnston, mentioned in dispatches.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sister MacDonald, mentioned in dispatches and
-awarded the Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sister F. A. Rice, awarded Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_201'>201</span>Sergt.-Major G. T. Brown, recalled to England in June, 1917,
-receiving a commission as Quartermaster of C.A.M.C. General
-Depot, later being promoted to captain’s rank and receiving the
-O.B.E.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sergt. P. D. MacDonald was transferred to the R.C.R. and was
-wounded in action.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sergt. F. J. Howley received a commission in service. While
-home on leave was killed in the Halifax explosion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sergt. A. F. McGregor, recalled from Shorncliffe to Canada to
-complete medical studies at McGill. On graduating received commission
-and later served again Overseas. He was promoted to
-Captain.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sergt. F. H. Pond obtained commission with an Infantry Battalion
-and was severely wounded and invalided to Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sergt. T. H. Robinson succeeded Sergt.-Major G. T. Brown,
-being promoted to warrant officer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Sergt. C. G. Sutherland, recalled from Shorncliffe to Canada to
-complete medical studies at McGill. On graduating received commission
-and later served again Overseas, having been promoted to
-Captain.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Corpl. E. McN. Grant left Unit in Shorncliffe, receiving commission
-in 13th Battalion. Later invalided to Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Corpl. G. S. Mitchell promoted to Captain, later became Chaplain
-of the Unit. Invalided to Canada in October, 1917.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Bugler J. E. Doyle, transferred to No. 1 Field Ambulance,
-promoted to Sergeant, wounded twice and awarded D.C.M.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>NO. 9 CANADIAN STATIONARY HOSPITAL</h3>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
-    <div>(St. Francis Xavier College Unit).</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>With characteristic enterprise St. Francis Xavier College decided,
-as the War went on, that it should stand side by side with
-other Universities of Canada in direct representation. In the
-autumn of 1915 the President and Governors offered a Medical
-Unit for Overseas. This seemed the most fitting service for a great
-Christian and humanitarian institution, and it was understood that
-hospitals were in demand.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_202'>202</span>Dr. H. P. MacPherson, President of the University, took the
-matter up direct with the Government of Canada, and in April,
-1916, authority was given for the acceptance of No. 9 Canadian
-Stationary Hospital from St. Francis Xavier.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_202.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. R. C. M‘LEOD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>This announcement was received with great enthusiasm, and it
-was decided not to send the Unit away empty-handed. A subscription
-list was opened and friends of the
-University were given an opportunity to
-subscribe to a fund to provide for some
-special equipment and to organize a band.
-The response was most generous, and in
-a very short time an ample amount of
-money was secured. Besides private subscriptions,
-liberal donations were received
-from the Red Cross, Daughters of the
-Empire, Knights of Columbus and other
-societies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Busy days followed in selecting the
-personnel and organizing the Unit. No
-recruiting campaign was necessary. The loyal sons of St. Francis
-and daughters of Antigonish, and many others everywhere, were
-offering their services. As the brokers would say: “The stock was
-over-subscribed.” And it was a matter of selection.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The command was given to Lieut.-Col. Roderick C. McLeod,
-who had already enlisted in the C.E.F. and was daily expecting
-orders to proceed Overseas. Colonel McLeod was a graduate of
-St. Francis Xavier and had attained a wide reputation as a successful
-medical practitioner of North Sydney. He was a man of
-a most genial personality and beloved by all who knew him. His
-appointment to the command of this Unit was hailed with universal
-satisfaction.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Colonel McLeod was assisted in the work of organization by
-Major H. E. Kendall as second in command, an outstanding
-surgeon of Cape Breton; and Major J. S. Carruthers, an energetic
-Militia officer, was appointed adjutant.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The enthusiasm among nurses for service in this Unit was
-remarkable. Applications poured in from every Province in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_203'>203</span>Canada and from many parts of the United States, by mail and
-telegraph. Miss S. C. MacIsaac, a graduate of Mt. St. Bernard
-Convent, of Antigonish, was chosen as Matron. Miss MacIsaac
-was trained as a nurse at St. Joseph’s Hospital, Glace Bay, in
-which institution she had charge of the operating room for three
-years. She had taken a post-graduate course at Mercy Hospital,
-Chicago, and when war broke out she was Assistant Matron at
-Mt. Zion Hospital, San Francisco. Miss MacIsaac therefore
-came to her new, important and strenuous post well qualified.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The organization of the Unit was completed at the University
-Town of Antigonish, the seat of the mother College, St. Francis
-Xavier. The college authorities and citizens of Antigonish vied
-with each other in extending an enthusiastic reception to the volunteers
-as they came, and everything was done to make their stay
-pleasant.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Orders were issued from headquarters for the Unit to mobilize
-at Halifax in the spring of 1916. The officers took the C.A.M.C.
-Training Course at Cogswell Street Military Hospital, and the
-nursing sisters were also posted there, and faithful work was done
-in a general course of preliminary training.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The original personnel was as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. Roderick C. MacLeod, Commanding Officer; Major
-Henry E. Kendall, Second in Command; Major J. Stewart Carruthers,
-Adjutant.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Medical Officers: Capts. Alex. R. Campbell, J. F. Ellis, T. A.
-Lebbetter, A. H. MacKinnon, J. I. O’Connell, L. D. Densmore,
-Hon. Capt. J. L. Johnson, Capts. R. MacCuish, J. A. McCourt,
-L. J. Violette, Hon. Lieut. Leo F. Fry.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nursing Sisters: Emma Ella Barry, Laura Emily Campbell,
-Sarah Catherine Chisholm, Monica Connell, Isabel Helen Dawson,
-Helena Margaret Ellis, Florence Mary Kelly, Nellie King, Annie
-MacDonald, Annie Helen MacDonald, Catharine Chisholm MacDonald,
-Catharine Eileen MacDonald, Catharine Tulloch MacDonald,
-Jessie MacDonald, Minnie Frances MacDonald, Flora
-MacDougall, Mary MacGrath, Sadie Catharine MacIsaac
-(Matron), Christena Mary MacKenzie, Dora MacKenzie, Annie
-Tremaine MacLeod, Marcella Agnes O’Brien, Catharine Regina
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_204'>204</span>Shea, Edith Alexander Thompson, Mary S. Walsh, Anna Teresa
-Young.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit was not long in receiving orders to proceed Overseas,
-and on June 19, 1916, set sail per <em>S.S. Missinabie</em>. After ten
-days’ sail on typical summer seas a landing was made at Liverpool.
-Here the jolly family group was divided and the officers and men
-were sent to Shorncliffe and attached for instruction and duty to
-Shorncliffe Military Hospital, while the matron and nursing sisters
-entrained for London, where they were detailed, by the Matron-in-Chief,
-for duty to various hospitals in England.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_204.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. K. A. M‘CUISH.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>This was a sort of a period of orphanage; but in exactly three
-months, September 29, 1916, the Unit was again reassembled for
-the purpose of taking over the Bramshott Military Hospital, No.
-12 Canadian General Hospital, which served the large military
-training camps of Bramshott and Witley. This was a splendid
-experience and training for the entire personnel. A great deal of
-excellent work was done. The Medical Division was taken charge
-of by Major Charles Hunter, of Winnipeg,
-and Major H. E. Kendall was in
-charge of the Surgical Division, assisted
-by Capt. K. A. McCuish.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While acting as the Medical Officer
-of the 5th C.M.R.’s Captain McCuish
-received wounds at Passchendaele, from
-which he died. He was buried in the
-Military Cemetery at Remi Siding, near
-Poperinghe, Belgium, in a hero’s grave,
-and now “sleeps where poppies grow
-in Flanders fields.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The winter of 1917 taxed the capacity
-of the hospital to the utmost, as well as the endurance of the
-Staff, owing to a very severe outbreak of influenza in the Bramshott
-area. The splendid manner in which the Unit rose to the great
-demands made upon it and coped with the serious condition that
-arose, called for special commendation from Major-General Foster,
-Director-General of the Canadian Medical Services.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_205'>205</span>Here the first great sorrow came to the Unit in the illness
-and death of their beloved Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel
-MacLeod. He contracted anthrax poisoning, from which he died
-January 4, 1917. With military honors and amidst a large concourse
-of sorrowing comrades he was laid to rest in the cemetery
-at Bramshott.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Command of the Unit was taken by Major H. E. Kendall, who
-was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. Lieut.-Colonel Gilmore
-of Toronto took charge of the surgical section.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The spring of 1917 was a very hard period, as was also the fall
-of 1917. The damp and chilly English climate was very trying to
-new Canadian troops, and there was a large amount of sickness.
-A good many battle casualties were also received from France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A call came from France for more Canadian hospitals, and
-No. 9 Canadian Stationary Hospital was selected. The Unit was
-ordered to proceed to France, and sailed from Folkestone in
-December, 1917, landing at Boulogne the same day with the following
-officers: Lieut.-Col. H. E. Kendall, Officer Commanding;
-Major Charles Hunter, Major Adair, Quartermaster; Capt. J.
-Williams, Pathologist; Capt. H. L. Reazin, Capt. J. W. Lord, Capt.
-Andrew Love, Capt. W. F. MacIsaac, Capt. A. F. Slayter, Capt.
-D. A. Webb, Capt. J. Wilfred, Hon. Capt. J. O. Ralston, Chaplain;
-Hon. Capt. P. White, Chaplain.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major Adair was subsequently Quartermaster at No. 3 Canadian
-General Hospital at Boulogne, where he died suddenly of
-uræmia following influenza in the spring of 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On arrival in Boulogne the Unit received orders to proceed to
-Longuenesse, near St. Omer, and open a hospital of four hundred
-beds. Here everything was found to be in readiness. There were
-hutted  wards of corrugated iron, wooden administration buildings
-complete in every detail and ready for occupation. There was an
-excellent, well-lighted, well-ventilated and thoroughly-equipped
-operating room. The quarters provided for officers, nursing sisters
-and men were all that could be desired.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was only a few days before the Unit was ready to carry on,
-and early in January, 1918, the first convoy was received, consisting
-of over one hundred wounded soldiers from the Front. Excellent
-and steady work then continued.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_206'>206</span>In February instructions were received from headquarters to
-enlarge the hospital to nine hundred beds. With willing hands and
-enthusiastic workers this was soon completed, and during the month
-of March a great many surgical cases were dealt with. Capt. A.
-Loos and Capt. A. F. Slater were the surgical specialists at this
-time. On account of the large number of surgical cases application
-was made for assistants. Capt. T. MacGregor, a noted Scotch
-surgeon of Glasgow, was sent for temporary duty. The officer in
-charge of the Medical Division was Capt. H. L. Reazin, a successful
-and well-known practitioner of Toronto.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the spring of 1918 the St. Francis Hospital Unit carried
-on under precisely the same conditions of harassing shell fire and
-nightly bombing as described in connection with the Dalhousie
-Medical Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The nursing sisters and hospital Staff displayed great courage
-all through these trying times, remaining at their posts in the
-operating room and hospital wards. No pen can describe the nerve-testing
-and nerve-wracking experience of hearing the swish through
-the air of those terrible and deadly bombs, then the terrific explosions
-and rocking and trembling of the earth which meant destruction
-and death to many. The way those splendid young women
-carried themselves was magnificent. Without a quiver or the
-slightest hesitation they kept right along with their work and
-soothed and encouraged and ministered to their patients. They
-were the same living contradiction here as elsewhere to all logical
-relations, and the harmony of things. They would jump up on
-the operating table and scream at the suggestion of a mouse or
-trench rat; but would go out into the storm and darkness and fire
-to give a drink of water to a wounded soldier.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit was making preparations to still further expand the
-bed capacity of the hospital when orders were issued for all hospitals
-in the area to evacuate at once. The wounded were sent by
-ambulance trains to the base, the equipment was packed up, and on
-April 19th the Unit moved to Etaples, which is a fishing village
-about twenty miles from Boulogne. It was a large hospital area
-and there were 25,000 available beds.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the outskirts of the town near the village of Le Faux a site
-was provided for the St. Francis Unit. The nursing sisters were
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_207'>207</span>detailed for duty to No. 1 Canadian General Hospital and No. 7
-Canadian General Hospital. The officers and men were under canvas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit was under instructions to open a tent hospital of 600
-beds, and the work was progressing rapidly when that terrible air
-raid came at 10 o’clock in the evening of May 18th and continued
-for nearly two hours. The casualties were very heavy and every
-hospital suffered. A number of live bombs dropped within the
-small area occupied by the St. Francis Unit. Two men were instantly
-killed and thirteen wounded. The killed were Sergeants
-MacMillen and Taylor. They were buried in the Military Cemetery
-at Etaples. Seventeen hospital marquees of the Unit were destroyed
-during this raid. It was fortunate that the Unit had not
-commenced receiving patients.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_207.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. R. ST. JOHN MACDONALD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>One of the medical officers, Capt W. F. MacIsaac, of Antigonish,
-was badly wounded, and succumbed to his injuries in No. 1
-Canadian General Hospital on June 3rd. He was a young man of
-brilliant attainments, exemplary character and a promising young
-surgeon. He too was buried in the Military
-Cemetery at Etaples. The whole
-Unit was in attendance at the funeral.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Since a large part of the hospital
-equipment was destroyed it was decided
-to move the Unit to another area. All
-the railways were congested and every
-other means of transportation taxed to
-the utmost; consequently no means of
-moving the equipment could be obtained,
-and it remained packed for several
-months. Most of the officers and men
-were detailed for duty to other hospitals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. H. E. Kendall was recalled for duty to England on
-August 28, 1918, and command of the Unit fell to Major R. St. J.
-MacDonald, who had been posted to the Unit a few months
-previously.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit was instructed to be in readiness to open up a Convalescent
-Hospital for the Canadian Corps. But before this was
-carried out the Germans made an unconditional surrender which
-they were allowed to call an Armistice.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_208'>208</span>Hopes were now high for an early, in fact, immediate return
-home, and this became the all-absorbing topic of conversation.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. A. Sterling, Capt. S. MacKenzie, Capt. G. Zwicker, Capt.
-G. Phillips and Capt. S. Whitehouse arrived from England on
-November 20th and joined the Unit. Capt. Sterling had gone
-Overseas as a combatant officer with the R.C.R.’s and saw considerable
-fighting. Owing to the scarcity of medical officers in the
-summer of 1917 he was asked to transfer to the Medical Corps, which
-he did, and was posted to the Canadian Special Hospital at Etching
-Hill, where he remained until joining No. 9 Canadian Stationary.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major S. L. Walker was posted to this Unit on November 25,
-1918, and was afterwards promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-He had been on active service with various Units since the spring
-of 1915. Colonel Walker was an excellent administrative officer
-and added strength to the Staff as second in command.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit received instructions to take over the special hospital
-at Camiers from the Dalhousie Unit, which had received orders to
-proceed to England en route to Canada. This change took place
-on February 8, 1919, and St. Francis Unit took over the hospital
-with 900 patients.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In a short time the number of patients increased to 1,100 and
-St. Francis Unit had the honor of being raised to the status of a
-General Hospital. This gave an opportunity for some well-merited
-promotions among the officers, non-commissioned officers and men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At this time the Staff was as follows:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Col. R. St. John MacDonald</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Officer Commanding.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Lieut.-Col. S. L. Walker</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major H. G. Murray</td>
-    <td class='c029'>In charge Medical Division.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major A. Sterling</td>
-    <td class='c029'>In charge Surgical Division.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major R. F. Slater</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Registrar and Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major J. R. MacRae</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major G. S. Gordon</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Major S. Sprague</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Hon. Capt. H. E. Law</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Hon. Capt. A. E. Hagar</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Chaplain.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. S. P. H. Morlatt</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Dental Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. F. Hinds</td>
-    <td class='c029'>Dental Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. J. F. Elkerton</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. J. D. MacDonald</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. W. M. MacDonald</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. A. R. Campbell</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. G. Phillips</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. S. Whitehouse</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capt. G. Zwicker</td>
-    <td class='c029'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_209'>209</span>The stay at Camiers was made more pleasant for the personnel
-and patients by the attention paid to recreation and amusements.
-A baseball league was formed for the area and many good games
-were played, in which there was a great deal of enthusiastic interest.
-There was also much interest taken in tennis and quoits. A
-moving-picture theatre was constructed and equipped by the Canadian
-Y.M.C.A., under Capt. A. E. Hagar, which was an unfailing
-source of pleasure to the patients and personnel. The Y.M.C.A.
-also established a canteen and furnished a reading room. The
-Red Cross too, through its representative, Major F. Murphy,
-contributed very largely to the success of the Unit by providing
-comforts for the patients and a large amount of sporting equipment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A thrill of pleasant anticipation ran through the Unit when on
-May 20th orders were received that the patients were to be evacuated
-at once with a view to demobilization and return to Canada.
-As soon as the patients were evacuated no time was lost in turning
-the hospital equipment and supplies in to Ordnance Stores. This
-was completed on May 28th and on May 30th the Unit moved to
-Boulogne, crossed to Folkestone the same afternoon and arrived
-at Witley Camp, Surrey, the next day.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After a very pleasant month in England, occupied mostly with
-leave-taking and renewing old acquaintances, the Unit proceeded
-to Southampton and embarked on the <em>S.S. Olympic</em> for Halifax
-on July 2nd, together with No. 7 Canadian General Hospital
-(Queens) and No. 4 Canadian General Hospital (Toronto).</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On July 8th at 6 p.m., after a voyage of only six days, these
-happy home-comers were docked at Halifax. The Unit was met
-by representatives of St. Francis Xavier College, whose name it
-had the honor of bearing, led by Dr. J. J. Tompkins. Dr. Tompkins
-invited the officers, non-commissioned officers and men to a reception
-as well as farewell banquet at the “Green Lantern.” Other
-guests present were Governor Grant, Hon. R. E. Faulkner, Hon.
-Senator Crosby, Col. John Stewart, Lieut.-Col. E. V. Hogan and
-John Neville. After an excellent supper the Unit was welcomed
-home in a very happy manner by Dr. Tompkins, Governor Grant
-and others. Col. R. St. J. MacDonald and Lieut.-Col. S. L.
-Walker replied on behalf of the Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_210'>210</span>The following morning, July 9th, the Unit was demobilized
-after over three years’ service Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The entire personnel had changed since leaving Halifax for
-Overseas, and on demobilization was as follows:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Col. R. St. J. MacDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut.-Col. S. L. Walker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major A. Sterling.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major H. G. Murray.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major G. S. Gordon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major A. F. Slater.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hon. Capt. A. E. Hagar, Chaplain.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hon. Capt. F. Kelley, Chaplain.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. A. H. Haugh.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. J. D. MacDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. W. M. MacDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. G. Zwicker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. G. Phillips.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. S. Whitehouse.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. W. H. P. Lavell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. W. B. Surleton.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. M. MacKay.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. J. MacBeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. S. P. H. Morlatt.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Following is a list of honors received by original members of
-No. 9 Canadian Stationary Hospital, as far as can be ascertained
-at the moment of writing:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. R. St. John MacDonald</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mentioned in dispatches.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. A. R. Campbell</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. L. D. Densmore</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Matron S. C. MacIsaac</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mentioned for valuable services, 20–10–17; R.R.C., 2nd class, 1–1–19; R.R.C., 1st class, 31–7–19.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Nursing Sister F. Kelley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.R.C., 2nd class.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Nursing Sister C. E. Chisholm</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mention, 20–12–18; mention, 11–7–19.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Nursing Sister Annie MacDonald</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mentioned for valuable services, 20–10–17.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Nursing Sister C. M. MacKenzie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mentioned for valuable services, 20–10–17. Mentioned for valuable services, 9–9–19.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Nursing Sister C. R. Shea</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Medaille Militaire des Invalides.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL SERVICES.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Less than half the Nova Scotia medical men who went Overseas
-served with the Nova Scotia Medical Units. This narrative would
-therefore be very incomplete without reference to the major
-portion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Many of these had distinguished service with the Royal Army
-Medical Corps (R.A.M.C.) and with other Canadian and Imperial
-Hospitals, as well as with the fighting Units as Regimental Medical
-Officers and other general and special duties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_211'>211</span>Be it said to the honor of Nova Scotia that the organizing and
-directing genius of the Canadian Army Medical Service was supplied
-by two Nova Scotians, Major-Gen. Guy Carleton Jones,
-C.M.G., who was born in Nova Scotia and practised his profession
-in Halifax, and Major-Gen. G. L. Foster, C.B., who was born in
-Nova Scotia and also practised his profession in Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>General Jones went Overseas with the First Canadian Contingent
-as A.D.M.S. and shortly after arrival in England was made
-Director of Medical Services, Canadian Expeditionary Force, with
-headquarters in London, which he organized and administered
-with great ability until he was made Medical Inspector, Canadian
-Expeditionary Force, in 1917. Later he became D.M.S. in charge
-of hospitals in Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>General Foster succeeded General Jones as D.M.S. Canadian
-Expeditionary Force and later was made D.G.M.S., O.M.F.C., and
-successfully carried on the duties of that high and difficult office
-until the end of the War and the demobilization of the Canadian
-Army.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Another outstanding Nova Scotia Medical Officer was Lieut.-Col.
-H. M. Jacques. When the First Contingent left, Colonel
-Jacques became Acting D.G.M.S., Ottawa. He was A.D.M.S.
-2nd Canadian Division in France; he was three times mentioned
-for distinguished service in Sir Douglas Haig’s dispatches and was
-promoted to the full rank of Colonel and awarded the D.S.O. and
-Bar for distinguished and gallant service in action.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The nursing service has also brought great credit to Nova
-Scotia, and it is a further honor to the Province that the Canadian
-Army Nursing Service was under the direction of a Nova Scotian.
-The Matron-in-Chief was Miss Margaret C. MacDonald, of Bailey
-Brook. She was mentioned for distinguished services and awarded
-the R.R.C. She had seen active service in the Spanish-American
-War and was selected to accompany the Second Canadian Contingent
-to South Africa.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following is a synopsis of the Military Services of Nova
-Scotia medical men not previously mentioned, as far as can be
-obtained. It has been impossible to get a complete authentic record,
-and although every medical man on the Medical Register for the
-Province, who was known to have been in the military service, was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_212'>212</span>written to personally for information, only thirty replies were
-received to 150 letters. The list is therefore liable to some errors
-and omissions.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>MILITARY MEDICAL SERVICE OVERSEAS.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>ARCHIBALD, MAJOR THOMAS DICKSON—Went to
-England as a combatant officer with the 8th Canadian Mounted
-Rifles in 1916. On this being broken up, a Canadian Cavalry Field
-Ambulance was formed, which Captain Archibald joined as a
-Medical Officer. He was in the Somme fighting, was two years in
-France, and was promoted to the rank of Major.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>ATLEE, MAJOR H. BENGE.—Enlisted in R.A.M.C. in London,
-England, November, 1914. Appointed Medical Officer, Royal
-Munster Fusiliers. Served in Gallipoli, the Suvla Bay expedition,
-No. 19 British Hospital, Alexandra, Egypt, the 69th Ambulance,
-Salonika. Was awarded the M.C. and promoted to the rank of
-Major.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BAULD, LIEUT.-COLONEL W. A. G., D.S.O.—Enlisted
-1914. Demobilized June, 1919. Served in England, France and
-Salonika. Twice mentioned in despatches. Awarded D.S.O.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BARRACLOUGH, CAPT. WILLIAM—Enlisted C.A.M.C.
-20–12–16. Demobilized 12–12–19. Served in Canada 20–12–16 to
-23–3–17, England 27–3–17 to 15–6–18, France 15–6–18 to 19–5–19.
-Was Neurological Specialist in Camp Hill Hospital, Halifax,
-27–5–19 to 12–12–19.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BARSS, CAPT. G. A.—Enlisted Captain R.A.M.C. in England
-29–8–15. Posted to Durham Light Infantry, with which he went to
-France in January, 1916. Served also with Scots Guards. Mentioned
-twice in dispatches for services in the Somme, 1916, and
-Cambrai, 1917. Demobilized 29–8–18.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BLACKADAR, CAPT. K. K.—Enlisted 5–1–17. Demobilized
-21–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BLACKETT, CAPT. ARTHUR E.—Enlisted Capt. C.A.M.C.
-9–8–15. Demobilized 23–6–19. Served in Canada 9–8–15 to 18–6–16,
-England 18–6–16 to 4–5–17 and 2–9–18 to 18–1–19, France 4–5–17 to
-2–9–18.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BORDEN, CAPT. R. F.—Enlisted 1–7–16. Demobilized
-27–4–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_213'>213</span>BURGESS, CAPT. HARRY C.—Served Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BURNS, CAPT. ARTHUR S.—Enlisted 19–2–16. Demobilized
-23–12–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>CAMPBELL, CAPT. DONALD ST. C.—Captain C.A.M.C.
-Enlisted 23–12–16. Demobilized 29–12–19. Served in Canada, England
-and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>CAMPBELL, CAPT. JOHN G. D.—Enlisted 26–12–16. Demobilized
-29–11–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>CARRUTHERS, LIEUT.-COL. J. S.—Enlisted 30–6–15. Returned
-26–1–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>CHISHOLM, CAPT. JAMES STANLEY—Enlisted 8–5–15.
-Demobilized 30–9–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>CHURCHILL, CAPT. L. P.—Enlisted 15–2–16. Demobilized
-11–3–19. Served in Canada, England and France. M.O. 219th
-Battalion. Served in France with 5th Field Ambulance, 3rd
-British General Hospital, 47th British General Hospital, 7th Canadian
-General Hospital, 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles and R.C.R.
-Awarded M.C. for gallant services at Battle of Arras.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>COCHRANE, CAPT. WILFRED N.—Enlisted 13–11–16. Demobilized
-1–1–19. Served in England and France; in France with
-No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital (Dalhousie Unit), 8th Canadian
-Field Ambulance and 3rd Division Train.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>COCK, MAJOR J. L.—Enlisted 9–3–15. Demobilized 12–1–20.
-Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>COFFIN, CAPT. WILLIAM V.—Overseas Service. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>COLLIE, CAPT. JOHN R. M.—Overseas Service in the Navy.
-No particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>COVERT, CAPT. ARCHIBALD N.—Enlisted 7–3–20. Demobilized
-12–6–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>CREIGHTON, MAJOR THOMAS <span class='sc'>McCULLY</span>.—Was in
-England when war broke out and enlisted in the British Navy July
-30, 1914. Was posted to <em>H.M.S. Argonaut</em>, transferred to Hospital
-Ship <em>China</em> and went to Salonika. Later joined the Army and
-went to France. On returning to England became D.A.D.M.S.
-Demobilized September, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_214'>214</span>CROLL, LIEUT.-COL. ANDREW—Enlisted 1–4–15. Demobilized
-4–11–18. Served in Canada, England and three years in
-France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>CURRY, MAJOR WILFRED A.—Enlisted in R.A.M.C. in
-England. Had three years’ service in France as Surgical Specialist
-to No. 44 C.C.S. and No. 34 C.C.S. On returning to England was
-attached to Shepherd’s Bush Orthopædic Hospital, London. On
-demobilization was appointed Orthopædic Specialist to Department
-of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment for Nova Scotia and Prince
-Edward Island.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>DAVIDSON, CAPT. VICTOR DAVID.—Overseas Service.
-No particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>DAY, CAPT. FREDERICK B., M.C.—Enlisted 5–10–15. Demobilized
-30–4–19. Service in Canada, England and France. In
-France served with No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital, 13th
-Field Ambulance. In trenches as M.O. 54th Canadian Infantry
-Battalion until wounded twice by shrapnel. Awarded M.C. for
-gallant services in action.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>DOBSON, CAPT. WM. L.—Enlisted 16–9–17. Demobilized
-25–7–19. Served in Canada and England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>DONOVAN, CAPT. OSCAR C.—Enlisted 11–19–15. Demobilized
-25–2–20. Served in Canada, England and France. Was a
-Surgical Specialist in France, and after returning to England was
-attached to Shepherd’s Bush Orthopædic Hospital, London. Was
-awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>DOUGLAS, MAJOR EDGAR, M.C.—Enlisted 17–8–14. Demobilized
-29–9–19. Served in Canada, England and three years in
-France. In France served with No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital,
-No. 1 Canadian C.C.S., No. 11 C.C.S., R.A.M.C., 4th Canadian
-Field Ambulance, No. 13 Canadian Field Ambulance. Was
-wounded in head and hand at Lens, and wounded in left shoulder at
-Passchendaele. Awarded M.C. for gallant service at Lens.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>DOULL, CAPT. JAMES ANGUS, M.C., Croix de Guerre—Served
-in England and France. Particulars not available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>DWYER, CAPT. THOMAS R.—Enlisted 12–5–17. Demobilized
-10–11–19. Served in Canada and England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_215'>215</span>DYAS, CAPT. ALEX. D.—Enlisted 10–8–16. Demobilized
-8–10–19. Served in Canada, England and France as Ear, Nose and
-Throat Specialist. Wounded by shrapnel at Arras.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>EAGAR, MAJOR WILLIAM H.—Service in Canada, England
-and France as X-ray Specialist.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>EATON, CAPT. PERRY B.—Enlisted 13–3–17. Demobilized
-11–9–19. Served in Canada and England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>FREEMAN, CAPT. E. H.—Enlisted 11–5–15. Demobilized
-31–1–19. Served in England, France, Salonika, Palestine and
-Egypt.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>FREEMAN, CAPT. NELSON P.—Enlisted 1–10–16. Demobilized
-15–6–18. Served in Canada and England. Invalided
-home with paralysis, one side.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GASS, CAPT. CHAS. L.—Served Overseas. Particulars not
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GITTLESON, CAPT. PHILIP M.—Served Overseas. No
-particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GODFREY, CAPT. HARRY M.—Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GODFREY, CAPT. ALEX. T.—Enlisted 22–10–16. Demobilized
-4–6–18. Served in Canada and England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GOUTHRO, CAPT. H. P.—Enlisted 26–11–16. Demobilized
-12–1–20. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GOW, MAJOR F. A. R.—Enlisted 14–10–14. Demobilized
-15–5–20. Served in Canada, England and France. 1914–15 Star.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GRANT, CAPT GERALD W.—Enlisted 7–11–16. Demobilized
-15–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France. Awarded M.C.
-for gallantry in action, and the 1915 Star.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GREEN, CAPT. FREDERICK WILLIAM—Served Overseas.
-No particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>HAYES, LIEUT.-COL. JOSEPH, D.S.O.—Enlisted 24–9–15.
-Demobilized 16–5–19. Served in Canada, England and France. Served
-in France with 85th Canadian Infantry Battalion, 4th Divisional
-Train, No. 10 British General Hospital, Facture Detention Hospital,
-S.M.O. Central Group C.F.C., O.C. No. 2 Canadian Stationary
-Hospital. Was twice mentioned in dispatches and awarded D.S.O.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>HART, CAPT. EDWARD C.—Served Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_216'>216</span>HEAL, JAMES G. F.—Served Overseas. Particulars not
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>HEMMEON, MAJOR JAMES A. M.—Enlisted 1–3–16. Demobilized
-6–8–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>HENDERSON, CAPT. CHARLES S.—Enlisted 18–4–18.
-Demobilized 12–1–20. Served in Canada 18–4–18 to 7–12–18 and
-1–9–19 to 12–1–20, and in England 7–12–18 to 21–8–19.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>HINES, CAPT. ARTHUR—Enlisted 31–5–16. Demobilized
-31–8–19. Served in Canada, England and two years in France.
-Was awarded M.C. for gallantry in Battle of Amiens, August 8th,
-1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>JOST, MAJOR ARTHUR C.—Enlisted 6–3–16. Demobilized
-1–8–19. Served in Canada and England. On demobilization held
-the temporary rank of Lieut.-Colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>JOHNSON, CAPT. ARTHUR M.—Highfield House, Bury,
-England. Served Overseas. No particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>JOHNSON, CAPT. JAMES <span class='sc'>MacGREGOR</span>, Highfield House,
-Bury, England. Served Overseas. No particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>JOHNSON, STEPHEN R.—Served Overseas. Particulars
-not available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>KEAY, CAPT. THOMAS—Enlisted 24–1–17. Demobilized
-11–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>KENNEDY, CAPT. GEORGE B.—Enlisted 7–16–15. Demobilized
-12–6–19. Transferred from C.A.M.C. to R.A.M.C., July,
-1915. Served in Canada, England, Malta (in St. Andrew’s Hospital),
-Fort Manuel, France, April, 1916, with 77th Field Ambulance,
-No. 16 General Hospital, 5th Field Ambulance, 3rd Cavalry
-Field Ambulance, No. 2 Stationary Hospital, No. 223 Brigade,
-R.F.A., No. 7 Stationary Hospital, Boulogne, etc.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>KENNEDY, CAPT. WILLIAM F.—Enlisted 18–8–18. Demobilized
-1–3–20. Served in Canada, England and France in
-various arms of the Service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>KENNY, CAPT. W. F.—Enlisted 28–6–15. Demobilized
-28–2–20. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>LYONS, CAPT, JAMES N.—Served Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacAULAY</span>, CAPT. DANIEL A.—Enlisted August, 1918.
-Demobilized 5–3–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_217'>217</span><span class='sc'>McAULAY</span>, MAJOR MURDOCK A.—Enlisted August, 1915.
-Demobilized on disbanding of C.E.F., but continued in service of
-C.A.M.C. as O.C. Cogswell Street Military Hospital, Halifax. Also
-served in England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MACKASEY, CAPT. WM, P.—Served 31 months in the
-R.A.M.C. Was on service in England 6–9–15. Demobilized in
-Canada 4–5–20. Africa 1916. Chief Surgeon on Ambulance Ship
-in the Mediterranean.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MEECH, CAPT. LLOYD R, M.C.—Served Overseas and was
-awarded the M.C. for gallant services. No particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MILLAR, MAJOR J. ROSS—M.O. German Prisoners of War
-Camp at Amherst, March, 1915. Joined R.A.M.C. July, 1915, and
-proceeded to England. Joined No. 2 British General Hospital,
-France, in September, 1915. Posted to No. 37 C.C.S. in November,
-1915. Sent to Italian Front with No. 37 C.C.S. in November,
-1917. Transferred as Surgical Specialist to No. 9 C.C.S.,
-January, 1918. In charge Advanced Operating Centre, Asiago
-Plateau. On returning to England assigned to duty with
-Shepherd’s Bush Orthopædic Hospital, London. On returning to
-Canada was appointed Orthopædic Specialist to D.S.C.R. for Nova
-Scotia and Prince Edward Island, which position he resigned to
-resume private practice.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MORRIS, LIEUT.-COL. CLARENCE H.—Enlisted August,
-1914. Demobilized 11–11–19. Served in Canada, also England,
-5–10–14 to 1–1–15; France 1–1–15 to 1–8–15; Gallipoli 5–12–15 to
-5–2–16; Egypt 5–2–16 to 6–2–17; Macedonia 15–4–17 to 17–10–17.
-Mentioned in Sir Ian Hamilton’s dispatches, November, 1915. On
-return to Canada was O.C. Camp Hill Hospital, Halifax, and later
-D.A.D.M.S., M.D. No. 6.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MORTON, CAPT. LEWIS M.—Enlisted 11–10–15. Demobilized
-28–8–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MUIR, CAPT. WALTER H.—Enlisted 16–11–15. Demobilized
-13–12–19. Served in Canada, England and France. Joined Staff
-of No. 7 Canadian General Hospital in France at Etaples 7–8–17.
-Sent to forward areas 28–8–17 for duty with No. 5 Canadian Field
-Ambulance. M.O. 6th Brigade Canadian Field Artillery 14–4–18.
-Was in all the activities of 2nd Division from Passchendaele to the
-Rhine.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_218'>218</span>MUNRO, CAPT. JOHN A.—Enlisted 15–2–16. Demobilized
-31–3–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MURRAY, CAPT. DAN.—Enlisted 26–2–17. Demobilized
-1–8–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MURRAY, CAPT. DUNCAN.—Enlisted 4–11–16. Demobilized
-13–6–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>McCURDY</span>, CAPT. DEXTER S.—Enlisted 23–12–16. Demobilized,
-12–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacDONALD</span>, LIEUT.-COL. T. HOWARD—Enlisted 1914.
-Served in England and France. He was appointed O.C. of the ill-fated
-Hospital Ship <em>Llandovery Castle</em>, on her last voyage, on which
-he was drowned.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacDONALD</span>, CAPT. NATHANIEL—Enlisted October,
-1915. Demobilized 28–12–18. Served in Canada, England and
-France. Was mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig’s dispatches.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacDONALD</span>, CAPT. JOHN CLYDE—Served Overseas.
-No particulars available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacDONALD</span>, MAJOR P. W. S.—Enlisted early in 1915.
-Served in Canada, England and France. Was on D.M.S. Staff,
-London. Died of influenza in England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MACDONALD, MAJOR WILLIAM HENRY—Enlisted
-25–9–16. Demobilized, 4–6–19. Served in England on Surgical
-Staff, Kitchener Military Hospital. Went to France 10–10–17 and
-joined No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital as Second in Command.
-Surgical Specialist Staff of No. 3 Canadian C.C.S., 4–1–18 to
-14–8–18. On Surgical Teams No. 19 and No. 38, British C.C.S.,
-and No. 32 British Stationary Hospital. Was in retreat of 5th
-Army and escaped with small surgical outfit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>MACDONALD, CAPT. WILFRED M.—Enlisted February,
-1917. Continued in C.A.M.C. after dispersal of C.E.F. Served
-in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacINTOSH</span>, CAPT. ARTHUR E.—Enlisted 30–6–15. Demobilized
-15–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France.
-Served in France with No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>McKAY</span>, CAPT. JOHN ST. C.—Enlisted 25–11–15. Demobilized
-13–6–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>McKAY</span>, CAPT. MURDOCK—Enlisted 4–1–17. Demobilized
-12–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_219'>219</span>MacKENZIE, CAPT. SEYMOUR G.—Enlisted 12–11–17.
-Demobilized 28–8–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacKINNON</span>, CAPT. HUGH A.—Enlisted 3–5–16. Demobilized
-15–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>McLARREN</span>, CAPT. PHILIP D.—Enlisted 30–5–17. Demobilized
-12–1–20. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacLEAN</span>, CAPT. E. D.—Enlisted 14–2–18. Demobilized
-21–2–19. Served in Canada, England and France. Went to England
-with the Highland Brigade. On going to France was attached
-to No. 7 Canadian Stationary Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>McLEOD</span>, CAPT. JOHN KNOX—Enlisted 25–5–17. Demobilized
-31–5–19. Served in Canada, England and France. On
-returning to Canada was appointed O.C. Ross Moxham Hospital,
-Sydney.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>O’NEIL, MAJOR FREEMAN—Enlisted April, 1914. Demobilized
-15–7–19. Served in England 18–11–18 to 4–5–19; France
-19–6–19 to 30–6–19.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>McRAE</span>, CAPT. DUNCAN R.—Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>MacRITCHIE</span>, CAPT. JOHN JAMES—Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>PARKS, CAPT. JOHN E.—Enlisted 20–7–15. Demobilized
-15–6–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>PARKER, CAPT. VERNON H. T.—Enlisted 31–3–17. Demobilized
-26–8–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>PATTON, CAPT. WELDON W.—Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>PENNINGTON, CAPT. JOHN W.—Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>POTTER, COL. JACOB L.—Canadian Permanent Army
-Medical Corps. At outbreak of War was A.D.M.S., Military
-District No. 3. Called to office of D.G.M.S., Ottawa. Became
-acting D.G.M.S. and afterwards Deputy D.G.M.S. Went to
-Siberia with the Canadian Stationary Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>PORTER, CAPT. SYDNEY E.—Enlisted 30–7–17. Demobilized
-31–5–19. Served in Canada and England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>PATRICK, CAPT. IVAN YOUNG—Enlisted 19–4–18. Demobilized
-21–7–19. Served in Canada and England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_220'>220</span>PEAKE, CAPT. EDGAR P.—Enlisted 3–7–17. Demobilized
-31–7–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>PICKUP, CAPT. WILLIAM A.—Enlisted 16–7–14. Demobilized
-1–7–17. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>ROBBINS, CAPT. WELTON H.—Enlisted 15–9–17. Demobilized
-25–11–9. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>SLAYTER, MAJOR JOHN HOWARD—Enlisted 8–6–16.
-Demobilized 21–11–19. Served in Canada, England and France.
-Awarded M.B.E.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>SPARROW, CAPT. CECIL J.—Enlisted 6–9–15. Demobilized
-&nbsp;&nbsp;–7–18. Served in Canada, France and the Balkans.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>SPONAGLE, LIEUT.-COL. J. A.—Enlisted 20–11–14 as M.O.
-25th Infantry Battalion, which proceeded Overseas 20–5–15. Was
-M.O. 1st Canadian Divisional Train in France. Went through
-Battles of Lens and Passchendaele with this Unit. In England
-held numerous important appointments—among them: Pensions and
-Claims Board; O.C. of C.A.M.C. Training Depot; Duchess Connaught
-Canadian Red Cross Hospital; O.C. Canadian Hospital,
-Hillingdon House, Uxbridge. Had twenty-seven years’ previous
-experience in the Canadian Militia. Received Colonial Auxiliary
-Forces Officers’ Decoration for long service. Was demobilized
-February 16, 1920.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>SUTHERLAND, CAPT. COLIN G.—Enlisted 1–6–17. Demobilized
-9–6–19. Served in Canada and England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>SUTHERLAND, MAJOR ROBERT H.—Enlisted 5–8–14.
-Demobilized 21–7–19. Served in Canada, England, Egypt and
-Salonika with No. 1 Canadian Stationary Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>TRITES, CAPT. CHARLES B.—Enlisted 18–4–16. Demobilized
-5–5–19. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>WHITMAN, CAPT. GEO. W.—Overseas service. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>WILSON, CAPT. ARTHUR A. C.—Served in Canada and
-England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>WISWELL, CAPT. GORDON B.—Enlisted October, 1915.
-Demobilized 6–2–19. Served in Canada, England and France.
-Was awarded M.C. for gallant service in action and was mentioned
-in dispatches.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_221'>221</span>WYLDE, CAPT. CHARLES F.—Served Overseas. No particulars
-available.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>ZWICKER, CAPT. W. D.—Enlisted 24–1–17. Demobilized
-12–1–20. Served in Canada, England and France.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>MILITARY MEDICAL SERVICE IN NOVA SCOTIA.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Capts. W. B. Almon, Hugh O. Blauvelt, William J. Barton,
-Thomas I. Byrne, Barry H. Calkin, Allister Calder, Michael J.
-Carney, Prof. John Cameron, George M. Campbell, John L.
-Churchill, Major James R. Corston, Capts. Allan R. Cunningham.
-John A. Davis, Lieut. David Drury, Capts. Charles S. Elliott, Guy S.
-Goodwin, John W. Gannon, W. H. Hattie, B. A. LeBlanc, Roy D.
-Lindsay, Vernon L. Miller, Major Ernest F. Miller, Capt. Angus
-M. Morton, Major Leander R. Morse, Capt. John A. Murdoch,
-Major Donald McDonald, Capt. Dan. F. McInnis, Lieut. Joseph
-W. McKay, Capts. Donald J. MacKenzie, John M. McLean, Majors
-Geo. J. McNally, A. G. Nichols, Lieut.-Col. Albert A. Schaffner,
-Capt. W. H. Schwartz, Lieut. Sieniewicz, Major Dugald Stewart,
-Lieut. Clarence W. Thorne, Capt. Solomon J. Turel, Major Philip
-Weatherbe, Major H. B. Webster.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>NURSING SERVICE.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>In connection with the Nova Scotia Hospital Units reference
-has been made to only a few Nova Scotia nurses. No account of
-the humanitarian service of the medical organization in the Great
-War should fail to give prominence to the noble work of the
-nursing sisters. What they have done to lighten the weary hours
-of the wounded, war-sick and homesick soldier has been stamped
-indelibly on hundreds of thousands of hearts throughout the world.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Every effort has been made to get a complete list of all the
-Nova Scotia nurses who served in the Great War and where they
-served. The nearest approach to it is an official list of nurses who
-either enlisted or were demobilized in Nova Scotia at the headquarters
-of No. 6 Military District. This has been supplemented
-by submitting the list, for revision, to some thirty active service
-nurses and also a number of Medical Officers. Even now there
-will undoubtedly be some omissions and errors.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_222'>222</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>MILITARY SERVICE OF NURSES ENLISTED OR DEMOBILIZED IN NOVA SCOTIA.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<h4 class='c031'><em>England, France and Salonika.</em></h4>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Clarke, Catherine Parker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Condon, Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Elizabeth Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacIntosh, Mary Catherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKay, Alice Lettie.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<h4 class='c031'><em>England and Salonika.</em></h4>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Brennan, Emily Lorraine.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<h4 class='c031'><em>England, France and Russia.</em></h4>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Cotton, Dorothy M., R.R.C.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<h4 class='c031'><em>England and France.</em></h4>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Archard, Sarah Ann, A.R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Allan, Ann Doctor, R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Arbuckle, M. B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Benvie, Ada.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Black, Amy Isabel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bayers, Gladys Fuller.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Beers, Vivian Gertrude.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cameron, Josephine Christine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Connell, Monica.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cooke, Elizabeth Ann; mentioned in dispatches.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nova Scotia was as prominent in the Nursing as in the Medical
-Service, and is said to have contributed during the War more
-Matrons in France than any other individual Province in the
-Dominion. It gave the Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces,
-Miss Margaret C. MacDonald, R.R.C., M.M. des I (French Army).
-Miss MacDonald had previously seen active service in the Spanish-American
-War and the South African War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The other Nova Scotia nurses who were Matrons in France
-during the war were: Miss Georgina Pope, R.R.C. (Senior Matron
-in Canada), who went with the Canadian Contingent to the South
-African War as Matron; Miss Harriett Graham, R.R.C.; Miss
-L. M. Hubley, R.R.C.; Miss K. C. MacLatchy, R.R.C.; Miss S. C.
-MacIsaac, R.R.C.; Miss Elizabeth B. Ross, R.R.C.; Miss A. C.
-Strong, R.R.C.</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Calder, Jennie Squair, A.R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cameron, Annie May.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Campbell, Laura Emily.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Chisholm, Christena Elizabeth; mentioned in dispatches.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Chisholm, Sarah Catherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Churchill, Sarah.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Davidson, Jessie Ann.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dawson, Isabel Helen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dempsey, Mary Catharine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Doyle, Elizabeth C. (Mrs.)</div>
-      <div class='line'>Drew, Margaret Currie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Duthie, Edna Craig.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Edgecombe, Lillian Grace.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ellis, Helena Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Etherington, Ethel B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fitzgerald, Lillian Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Follette, Minnie (drowned <em>Llandovery Castle</em>).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, Annie Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_223'>223</span>Fraser, Edith Morrow.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, Pearl (drowned <em>Llandovery Castle</em>).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Genders, Sarah Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gillan, Ina Gertrude.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gordon, Eleanor McLaren, A.R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Graham, Harriet M. (Matron), R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gray, Dorothy Louise, R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gray, Marguerite Olive.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Guild, Effie Jean.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gunn, Mary Catharine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Haliburton, Marion Frances.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hazard, Mary Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Howard, Alice Maud.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hubley, Laura May (Matron), R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Irwin, Eliza Blanche.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Johnstone, Alice May; mentioned in dispatches.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Johnstone, Margaret A., R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kelly, F. M., R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kendall, Helen Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>King, Hazel Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lamplaugh, Mary Edith, R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Landells, Margaret Jane.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lynch, Mary Theresa; Belgian decoration.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacAulay, Lorinda.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Annie; mentioned in dispatches.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Annie Belle; French decoration.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Annie Helen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Catherine Chisholm.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Catherine Tulloch.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Helen Catherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Hilda Havergill.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Janet MacGregor, R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Jessie Belle.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Jessie Helen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Louise, A.R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Margaret, A.R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Margaret Clothilda (Pr. Matron, C.E.F.), R.R.C. (Florence Nightingale decoration).</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Mary Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Mary Simpson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Minnie Frances.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDougall. Annie Claire.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McCuish, Elizabeth Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McDonald, Catharine Eileen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McDonald, Nellie Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McDougald, Flora.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McDougald, Margaret; French decoration.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McGrath, Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McInnis, Florence Louise.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McIsaac, Sarah Catherine (Matron), R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKay, Helen Barbara, A.R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKeel, Theadora, R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Charlotte.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Christina Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Dora.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Margaret Eliza.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Minnie Hannah.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKinnon, Euphemia.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLatchey, Katherine O. (Matron), R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLean, Catherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLean, Elizabeth Isobel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLean, Marguerite.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLean, Mary Rachael.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLeod, Annie Tremaine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLeod, Winifred G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLeod, Isabella Gordon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLeod, Margaret Christena.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McNeill, Mary Belle.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Moreshead, Eleanor Gorrill.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mosher, Eva Maud.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mulcahy, Grace.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mutch, Florence Sarah.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Myers, Olga.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Nicholson, Elsie Sarah.</div>
-      <div class='line'>O’Brien, Marcella Agnes.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Paget, Catherine White.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Paton, Florence May.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Patton, Mary Steele.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Pidgeon, L., R.R.C.; mentioned in dispatches.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Pope, Georgina, (Matron), R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Rice, Frances Augusta. A.R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Richardson, Edith Louise.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Rose, Lenora E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ross, Elizabeth Belle (Matron), R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Schurman, Winifred Dobson; French decoration.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Shannahan, Mary Catherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Shea, C. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Smith, Sarah Catharine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stevens, Louise Myrtle.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Strong, A. C. (Matron), R.R.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stuart, Evelyn Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Tait, Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Thomas, Lalia E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Thompson, Wilhelmine Irene.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Thompson, Edith Alexandra.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Urquhart, Lottie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Veits, Caroline Winifred.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Walsh, M. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Walters, Emma Jane.</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_224'>224</span>Watson, Mabel Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Watson, Maud.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Waugh, Belle.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Waughan, Belle.</div>
-      <div class='line'>White, Catherine M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>White, Helen St. Clair.</div>
-      <div class='line'>White, Katherine Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Williams, Maysie Ellen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Young, Anna Teresa.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Young, Rose Olga.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
- <div class='line in8 c002'><em>England.</em></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Anderson, Minerva Blanche.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bain, Margaret Winnifred.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Barnes, Ellen Caroline.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bentley, Olla May.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Clarke, Edith Esther.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Campbell, Annie May.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Campbell, D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Coates, Dora Evelyn.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cameron, Elizabeth Vena.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cameron, Mary Lillian.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cameron, Sarah Belle.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Colter, Bessie Long.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Connors, Florence Marguerite.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cray, Bertha Geraldine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Currie, Alice Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Desmond, Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Davies, Margaret Emily.</div>
-      <div class='line'>DeWolfe, Annie Clark.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dunlop, Laura Alice.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ellis, Marion Dean.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fife, Lillian Jessie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, Lavinia Flora.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, Flora Mathilda.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Harrison, Eunice Knapp.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hallisey, Catherine Martina.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hillcoat, Anna Rebecca.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hubley, Jennie Mable.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hartling, Mabel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Howard, Mary Munroe.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Jennex, Lenna (died).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Layton, Adrianna R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>LeDrew, Annie May.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mack, Beatrice Helena.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mombourquette, Katherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Morrison, Daisy Dean.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mutch, Helen Frances.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Murray, Ann Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Murray, Emma Blanche.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McCarthy, May Charlotte.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McCuish, Harriet Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Jessie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Georgina Emily.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Margaret Catherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McInnes, Dorothy Jean.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacIntosh, Margaret Isabel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLeod, Sadie Isabel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLean, Sadie Ethel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McNeill, Margaret Blanche.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Morrison, Myrtilla Grey.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Morrison, Jean Augusta.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Payne, Sarah.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Smith, Mabel Eliza.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sedgewick, F. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Skerry, Annie Adelaide.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stewart, Margaret Wood.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stevens, Annie Jane.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Thompson, Ethel Elaine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Torr, Alice.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Tout, Dora Olivia.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Urquhart, Lottie.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
- <div class='line in8 c002'><em>Canada.</em></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Anderson, Roberta.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Andrews, Edith.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Barnaby, Agnes Gertrude.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bearisto, Mary Kier.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bissett, Barbara Beatrice.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Boland, Florence.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bauld, Muriel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Burton, Mary Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Campbell, Jean Marion.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cook, Gertrude Pauline.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Coolen, Anasthasia Muriel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Coolen, Mary Ellen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Davies, Edith Maria.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Doull, Jessie Cameron.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dunbar, Lillian Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Farry, Lucy.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fitzgerald, Edith Maria.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, Florence Amelia.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, Frances Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gates, Sarah Gladys.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gilchrist, Marion L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gillis, Christine Anna.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Graves, Laura May.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Haverstock, Laura Grace.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hayden, Mary Josephine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Holloway, Eva.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hunt, Minnie Hannah.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hunt, Myrtle C. (died).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Keith, Gertrude.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kennedy, Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>LaPierre, Mary Ann.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Larking, Nora Evelyn.</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_225'>225</span>Jarvis, Jessie (died).</div>
-      <div class='line'>LeJeune, Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lester, Olla Dell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Logan, Caroline.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Manning, Myra Ayer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mills, Ethel Rosamund.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Morrison, Anna May.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McCrea, Theresa Ann.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Evangeline.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Harriet Helen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonnell, Mary Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McInnis, Ellephallie Carrie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Helen Gertrude.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKinnon, Ruth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLean, Josephine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McManus, Laura.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McManus, Lila Theresa.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McNeill, Mary Eleanor.</div>
-      <div class='line'>O’Callaghan, Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>O’Leary, Catherine.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Prest, Violet Ella.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ross, Vivian Russell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Schaffner, Marion Parker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Schaffner, Muriel Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Steeves, Ina Maud.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sullivan, Mary Margaret.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sutherland, Roberta.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Talbot, Frances Elizabeth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Trivett, Jean Dorothy.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Urquhart, Susan Hope.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Whidden, Mary.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Young, Josephine M.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
- <div class='line in8 c002'><em>Military Service—No Particulars Available.</em></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Benjamin, Vera Louise.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Christie, Freda Hope.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, Elda Jean.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fvfe, Hannah G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Harrison, Jena Augusta.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hill, Eliza Victoria.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Jones, Helen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kelley, Margaret Neill.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mosher, Lydia T.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, Anna Bula.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, Jean Annie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLeod, Marion.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Perry, H. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Purcell, Mary Louise.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_226'>226</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXVII.<br /> <em>THE CANADIAN ARMY DENTAL CORPS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>That Dental Services are a necessity in the army is one of
-the many lessons taught us by the War and it has been amply
-proved that the Canadian Army Dental Corps was responsible
-for placing at least 10 per cent of the Canadian and
-British troops at the Front who, but for the excellent dental services
-provided, would not have been there.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_226.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. B. L. NEILLY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Members of the dental profession in
-Nova Scotia were among the first to
-offer their services, and in August, 1914,
-three of them, Drs. B. L. Neilly, F. W.
-Bruce Kelly and H. L. Mitchener, were
-on duty at Valcartier Camp. Drs. Neilly
-and Kelly proceeded Overseas and were
-the first dental surgeons at the Front.
-So far as can be learned these were the
-only dental surgeons with the Canadian
-troops at that date, Captain Bentley of
-Ontario reporting early in September.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>For eight years previous to the War
-a Committee of the Canadian Dental Association on “Dental
-Services in the Army” repeatedly approached the Federal Government
-with regard to a definite Army Dental Association to be
-administered by the Medical Services or otherwise, but were finally
-informed that the organization then existing, which consisted of
-twenty-six Dental Officers attached to the Army Medical Corps as
-Honorary Captains and Lieutenants, was quite satisfactory.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the outbreak of the War members of the profession throughout
-Canada, realizing the necessity of dental services for recruits,
-voluntarily provided dental treatment for thousands of men who,
-otherwise, could not have been accepted.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_227'>227</span>The attention of the Minister of Militia, Sir Sam Hughes, was
-directed to the importance and value of this work by Generals
-Fotheringham, Lessard, Loggie and others as well as by a sub-committee
-of civilian dentists from Toronto, who proceeded to
-Ottawa early in 1915 under the direction of Dr. George Kerr
-Thomson of Halifax, Chairman of the Canadian Dental Association’s
-Committee on “Dental Services in the Army,” with the
-result that the Minister immediately issued orders for a Dental
-organization, similar to that of the Medical, but entirely separate.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>To this action by the Minister is due the fact that Canada was
-the first country in the world to organize an Army Dental Corps
-separate and distinct from other military organizations. Dr.
-Thomson was first recommended by the Toronto Committee and
-the dental profession for Director of Dental Services, but Dr.
-Armstrong of Ottawa received the appointment, and in June, 1915,
-proceeded Overseas with thirty-five officers, thirty-five N.C.O.’s
-and thirty-five privates. This organization was increased from
-time to time until there were over one thousand Dental Officers and
-other ranks on duty Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was realized that while it was necessary to provide dental
-services for men Overseas, it was even more important that they
-be made dentally fit before sailing; and in October, 1915, the Home
-Service organization was authorized with a Director at Ottawa
-and an Assistant Director in each Military District together with
-a strength of one officer, N.C.O. and private for each 1,000 men.
-This necessitated an organization of at least sixty of all ranks in
-Military District No. 6, which at that time included New Brunswick,
-Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Members of the dental profession in the three provinces responded
-notably to the call of duty, and, while it does not come
-within the scope of this history to mention the services of men in
-other provinces, it is desirable to put on record great appreciation
-of the excellent services rendered by members of the dental profession
-in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island who were
-on duty in Military District No. 6. One of the most prominent
-practitioners in St. John, N.B., Dr. James M. Magee, ex-President
-of the Canadian Dental Association and Dominion Dental Council
-and a member of the Nova Scotia Dental Association, who, before
-the War, was attached as Honorary Captain to the Army Medical
-Corps, was one of the first to join the Home Service organization
-in Military District No. 6.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_228'>228</span>
-<img src='images/i_228.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>OFFICERS OF THE C.A.D.C., M.D. 6.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_229'>229</span>Major Thomson was appointed A.D.D.S., Military District No.
-6, on November 1st, 1915. During his absence at Valcartier Camp
-in the summer of 1916, Captain Magee acted as A.D.D.S. in
-Military District No. 6 and later was appointed A.D.D.S. of
-Military District No. 7 when New Brunswick became a separate
-Military District.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The C.A.D.C. in Military District No. 6 was administered on
-a most economical and business-like basis, and at the Camp Hill
-Army Dental Surgery, one of the finest and best equipped in the
-world, many thousands of men were made dentally fit, not only
-before going Overseas, but also on their return to Canada, when
-a great many of them needed extensive restorative dental appliances.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>For several weeks after the great explosion, which occurred
-on December 6, 1917, the Staff of the Camp Hill Dental Surgery
-rendered services and co-operated with the medical officers, part
-of the dental surgery being used as an operating room for the
-eye specialists. Some of the dental officers on duty were
-severely but not seriously injured, and during the first thirty-six
-hours after the explosion rendered valuable first aid to the
-injured, with whom Camp Hill was overcrowded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1916, at Aldershot Camp, two appendicitis operations were
-successfully performed in the Camp Dental Surgery, which was
-completed long before the Camp Hospital. These cases would
-probably have proved fatal had it not been for the foresight of
-the dental Staff in expediting the construction of this dental
-surgery.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Through the efforts of Dean Frank Woodbury arrangements
-were carried out by the Dental Faculty of Dalhousie University
-for rendering dental services to the men of the navy before the
-work was performed by the Dental Corps.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_230'>230</span>The following is a list of dental officers who served Overseas
-and at home:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>Canada.</span>—Major G. K. Thomson, Major H. E. Mann, Capts.
-H. L. Mitchener, H. G. Dunbar, W. W. Woodbury, G. Tingley,
-J. M. Magee, A. G. Wicks, J. E. Sewell, J. B. Brown, J. E.
-Blanchard, F. C. Bonnell, I. K. Farrar, F. A. Godsoe, F. E. Burden,
-W. H. Steeves, L. O’Leary (Q.M.), J. E. Jewett, A. Gasson, R. I.
-Robertson, F. W. Johnson, H. S. Allen, G. R. Smith, F. T.
-Bowness, Y. E. Gaudet, McIntyre, F. G. Mann, F. W. Barbour,
-R. I. Irving, Lieuts. A. J. Cormier, H. Adamson, Guy Stultz, L. M.
-Finigan, A. K. Wade, A. J. Couglin, F. W. LeFugery, A. B. Crowe,
-H. C. McIntosh, Regtl. Sergt.-Majors, F. E. Fahie, I. K. Jackson,
-F. B. Miller, Quartermaster Sergts. J. M. Blanchard, Laurie
-Blanchard, L. H. Jenkins, G. Sommers, Staff Sergts. A. H,
-Churchill, J. H. McLaughlin, E. S. Dexter, Sergts. A. W. Allen,
-L. M. Withrow, C. W. Burgoyne, Staff Sergts. E. E. Hatfield,
-Neil Flannery, F. H. Phinney, Sergts. J. L. Sears, R. H. Wilby,
-Cox, C. R. McLellan, R. C. Wall, J. St. C. Smith, C. E. Cantelope,
-T. Ranford, W. Hazelwood, Percy Rennels, W. R. Gunn,
-Quartermaster Sergt. L. McGuire, Company Quartermaster Sergt.
-W. H. D. Bence.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>Overseas.</span>—Lieut.-Col. B. L. Neilly, Major F. W. B. Kelly,
-Major C. E. McLaughlin, Capts. R. J. McMeekin, Karl Woodbury,
-C. D. Desbrisay, S. S. Harvie, E. A. Randall, H. Clay,
-E. S. Millett, H. O. Harding, Arthur Viets, T. E. Robins, R. W.
-Frank, W. R. Fraser, Karl Damon, Otto Nase, J. P. Gallagher,
-J. McDonald, McNeil, W. R. Wilkes, R. C. Crosby, E. A. Randall,
-K. C. Dobson, H. C. McDonald, Staff Sergts. J. E. Fraser,
-C. Garrett, R. B. Horton, Sergts. S. W. Hatfield, C. A. S. Carlow,
-H. O. Lord, F. A. McGarrigle, G. Lowine, Phillips, G. A. Barter,
-W. Dyer, Raymond King, W. Joy, J. McLean, McGibbon, J. L.
-Rogers, I. D. S. Ross, G. E. McDonald, H. E. Grey, V. D. Crowe,
-Collier, Jones, Butterworth, Doucette, Quartermaster Sergt.
-Richards.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_231'>231</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXVIII.<br /> <em>CANADIAN ARMY PAY CORPS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Before the outbreak of the War in 1914 the Canadian Army
-Pay Corps had only sufficient Staff to deal with the small
-permanent force, of which it was an integral part. When
-the Canadian Expeditionary Force was organized, and troops
-mobilized for home defence, the C.A.P.C. was called upon to
-undergo the same strain and expansion demanded of every branch
-of the service. Outside of the army little is known of the responsibilities
-suddenly thrust upon this department. It had to deal with
-all finances, pay, separation allowance, assigned pay, civilian employees,
-tradesmen’s accounts, etc., and, as will be seen by the
-statement at the end of this article, No. 6 Detachment stationed at
-Halifax alone disbursed $53,357,388.08 between August, 1914, and
-July, 1920.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In August, 1914, No. 6 Detachment, whose territory at that time
-included New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, as well as
-Nova Scotia, consisted of the following officers and non-commissioned
-officers: Lieut.-Col. S. J. R. Sircom (now retired with
-rank of Brigadier-General), Capt. J. L. Regan, Sergt.-Major J.
-Turner, Quartermaster Sergt. G. H. Saunders, Staff Sergt. G. T.
-Allum, Staff Sergt. C. A. Chew, Staff Sergt. B. A. Spink, Sergt.
-E. R. Kelly, Sergt. A. V. Chase, Sergt. W. A. Coyne, Sergt. F. A.
-Chew.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Staff was increased until at one time 14 officers and 120
-non-commissioned officers and men were employed. Some of these
-served in No. 6 Detachment throughout the whole period of the
-War. Others were transferred to various Units, went Overseas, or
-took their discharge.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_232'>232</span>Every soldier, from a Tommy to a full-fledged General, will
-admit that as far as organization and administration were concerned
-the Canadian Army Pay Corps was beyond criticism. As soon as
-a man enlisted he received his pay regularly, no matter where he
-was—in Canada or in England, in the Field, in hospital or on furlough;
-and when he returned to Canada for demobilization the
-cheque for balance of pay due was handed to him on the day he
-was discharged. In addition to this monies were forwarded to his
-dependants on account of Separation Allowance, and assigned pay,
-settlement made for clothing and equipment, which he purchased
-from stores on repayment, for Victory Bonds which he purchased
-during his services, remittances to his friends and other payments.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>All this entailed an enormous amount of work. Ledger sheets
-had to be kept up to date, pay books checked up, remittances looked
-after, cheques written, documents made up and sent along with the
-soldier from one place to another until he finally returned to
-Canada, bearing with him like documents from England. Every
-officer, non-commissioned officer and man knows the amount of
-detail work which this involved.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_232.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>BRIG.-GEN. S. J. R. SIRCOM.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Of the original Staff, Col. S. J. R.
-Sircom, affectionately known to the
-troops in this district as the “Grand Old
-Man,” endeared himself to all ranks
-with whom he came in contact by his
-urbanity and kindly consideration. Colonel
-Sircom commenced his military
-career early in life. He joined the Halifax
-Garrison Artillery as a 2nd Lieutenant
-in 1878, and the 63rd Regiment,
-Halifax Rifles, in 1885. He transferred
-to the Militia Staff with the rank of
-Major in 1905, and on January 1, 1907,
-was appointed to the C.A.P.C. with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel,
-and became Paymaster of the 6th Divisional area. He was promoted
-to the rank of Colonel on May 24, 1916. He proceeded to
-London as a representative of the Paymaster-General the latter
-part of 1918, and on his return from Overseas was retired to
-Pension with the rank of Brigadier-General.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_233'>233</span>
-<img src='images/i_233.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. J. L. REGAN, C.M.G.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. J. L. Regan proceeded Overseas with the First Contingent
-as assistant to Col. W. R. Ward, then Chief Paymaster Canadian
-Expeditionary Force. Captain Regan was largely responsible for
-the organization of the Canadian Pay Services in France and England.
-He was later promoted to the rank of Colonel and appointed
-Deputy Paymaster-General. He was awarded the C.M.G., and on
-his return to Canada became Director of
-Pay Services at Ottawa.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Quartermaster Sergt. J. Turner
-transferred to the Highland Brigade as
-Captain and Quartermaster. He was
-seriously injured in the Halifax explosion
-and is now invalided to Pension.
-Staff Sergeant G. T. Allum, now
-Sergeant-Major, is retired to Pension.
-Quartermaster Sergeant G. H. Saunders
-was promoted to the rank of Captain.
-Captain Saunders remained with No. 6
-Detachment during the whole period of
-the War, and the admirable manner in which this Unit met all
-demands upon it, particularly during the trying months of demobilization,
-was largely due to his energy, efficiency and foresight.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Staff Sergts. C. A. Chew and B. A. Spink proceeded Overseas
-and both returned with the rank of Captain. The former was discharged
-to Pension; the latter is employed at Militia Headquarters.
-Staff Sergt. A. V. Chase went Overseas with the Clearing Services
-Command and returned with the rank of Captain. He will be
-remembered by all returning officers and men who passed through
-or had dealings with the Clearing Depot, Halifax, as a very efficient
-officer. Sergt. W. A. Coyne proceeded Overseas as Captain Clearing
-Services Command and is now struck off strength. Sergt. F. A.
-Chew proceeded Overseas with the 25th Battalion, returned as a
-Captain in the C.A.P.C., and is now struck off strength to Pension.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. G. C. Sircom, son of Brigadier-General S. J. R. Sircom,
-after return from Overseas, was employed in the Pay Office, and
-now has a commission in the Permanent Army Pay Corps.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_234'>234</span>
-<img src='images/i_234.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. J.A.C. MOWBRAY, O.B.E.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. J. A. C. Mowbray, when war was declared, offered
-his services and was detailed as Paymaster to the 2nd Brigade,
-C.F.A., proceeding Overseas with that Unit. After serving in
-France for about one year he was recalled to London to fill
-a post in the Pay Office Headquarters. He became Deputy Assistant
-Paymaster-General, was awarded the O.B.E., and later was transferred
-to Canada to fill his present position,
-which is designated as Senior Pay
-Officer for Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following are a few of the
-officers who did good work in this
-Division during the War, either before
-proceeding Overseas or returning from
-Overseas on demobilization or as Paymasters
-of Units:—Major J. Taylor,
-Major M. H. Morrison, Major R. H.
-Humphrey, Major J. D. Murphy, Major
-Colin MacIntosh, Capt. H. Powis
-Herbert, Capt. G. C. Milsom, Capt.
-W. W. Brignell, Capt. C. S. Simpson,
-Capt. R. Bartholomew, Capt. H. A. MacDonald, Capt. J. L.
-Melanson, Capt. R. H. Hardwicke, Capt. A. A. Cameron, Capt. Tait
-Scott, Capt. H. W. Ireland, Capt. Walter Ruggles, Capt. W. C. L.
-Bauld, Capt. R. MacDougall, Lieut. H. S. Major, Lieut. W. E.
-McDonald, Lieut. H. A. Allum, Lieut. H. S. Simpson, Lieut. W. J.
-O’Donnell.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>To show the vast amount of work carried out by this Detachment
-the following statement of monthly expenditure is appended.
-This does not include disbursements for clothing and equipment,
-horses, transports, camp supplies, wagons, etc., but purely pay and
-allowance of troops and their upkeep. Considering the amount of
-cash handled it is satisfactory to know that not one cent was lost
-to the public by misappropriation or otherwise.</p>
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_235'>235</span></div>
-<div class='overflow'>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='8'>CANADIAN ARMY PAY CORPS</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c016'></th>
-    <th class='c021'>1914.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>1915.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>1916.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>1917.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>1918.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>1919.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>1920.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Jan.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$482,294 94</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$896,549 00</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$666,896 18</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$557,736 27</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$683,909 27</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$657,541 08</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Feb.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>470,046 71</td>
-    <td class='c008'>976,053 25</td>
-    <td class='c008'>644,126 11</td>
-    <td class='c008'>518,971 86</td>
-    <td class='c008'>872,284 08</td>
-    <td class='c017'>402,801 20</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Mar.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>662,605 50</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,153,944 98</td>
-    <td class='c008'>675,447 01</td>
-    <td class='c008'>726,882 97</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,176,278 36</td>
-    <td class='c017'>347,439 80</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Supp.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>287,295 99</td>
-    <td class='c008'>868,515 21</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,506 91</td>
-    <td class='c008'>18,643 78</td>
-    <td class='c008'>26,683 87</td>
-    <td class='c017'>60,765 01</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Apr.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>573,994 33</td>
-    <td class='c008'>926,836 11</td>
-    <td class='c008'>747,234 96</td>
-    <td class='c008'>700,400 20</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,113,762 96</td>
-    <td class='c017'>142,518 83</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>May</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>589,433 57</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,140,637 41</td>
-    <td class='c008'>691,321 20</td>
-    <td class='c008'>600,590 53</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,208,976 54</td>
-    <td class='c017'>121,399 76</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>June</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>460,883 20</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,269,057 73</td>
-    <td class='c008'>679,157 80</td>
-    <td class='c008'>745,238 77</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,378,733 64</td>
-    <td class='c017'>145,981 25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>July</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>421,362 69</td>
-    <td class='c008'>928,319 09</td>
-    <td class='c008'>579,265 37</td>
-    <td class='c008'>940,247 42</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,596,356 84</td>
-    <td class='c017'>132,327 77</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Aug.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$161,021 38</td>
-    <td class='c008'>418,878 19</td>
-    <td class='c008'>911,739 50</td>
-    <td class='c008'>571,727 69</td>
-    <td class='c008'>709,107 18</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,638,684 02</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Sept.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>314,031 19</td>
-    <td class='c008'>447,655 00</td>
-    <td class='c008'>849,942 58</td>
-    <td class='c008'>550,065 71</td>
-    <td class='c008'>595,238 78</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,505,466 80</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Oct.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>307,412 29</td>
-    <td class='c008'>533,383 39</td>
-    <td class='c008'>819,436 00</td>
-    <td class='c008'>745,190 00</td>
-    <td class='c008'>614,166 48</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,727,033 48</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Nov.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>342,922 32</td>
-    <td class='c008'>602,738 82</td>
-    <td class='c008'>752,020 66</td>
-    <td class='c008'>697,784 22</td>
-    <td class='c008'>610,452 05</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,178,085 30</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Dec.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>459,147 34</td>
-    <td class='c008'>867,574 05</td>
-    <td class='c008'>683,957 09</td>
-    <td class='c008'>535,004 98</td>
-    <td class='c008'>671,840 28</td>
-    <td class='c008'>862,424 00</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Total.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$1,584,534 52</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$6,818,146 38</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$12,177,008 61</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$7,788,728 14</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$8,009,516 57</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$14,968,679 16</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$2,010,774 70</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-</div>
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>Summary.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>1914</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$1,584,534 52</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>1915</td>
-    <td class='c017'>6,818,146 38</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>1916</td>
-    <td class='c017'>12,177,008 61</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>1917</td>
-    <td class='c017'>7,788,728 14</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>1918</td>
-    <td class='c017'>8,009,516 57</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>1919</td>
-    <td class='c017'>14,968,679 16</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>1920</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,010,774 70</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Total expenditure to July, 1920</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$53,357,388 08</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_236'>236</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXIX.<br /> <em>THE ROYAL CANADIAN GARRISON ARTILLERY.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Lord Kitchener once remarked—in reply to a question—“The
-Front is where a soldier is ordered to be.” In accordance
-with this, those men whose duties necessitated their
-being retained in connection with the Coast Defences, were made
-to abide by the decision of those responsible for the strategy of the
-defence of Canadian shores.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After the War, the Permanent Force, of which the R.C.G.A.
-form a part, are the only persons in uniform; and the imputation of
-not being an Overseas Unit is not a good advertisement to attract
-recruits. Moreover, the imputation is not only unjust, but untrue,
-as the following will show:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In July, 1914, relations between the British Empire and the
-Central Powers were very strained, and on July 30th, four days
-before the War was officially declared, the R.C.G.A. were ordered
-to man the most important forts as a precaution, since it is an axiom
-in naval warfare that, if possible, a surprise attack is the first and
-best declaration of war.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On August 5th Fortress Orders contained the following:—“War
-having broken out with Germany, the Halifax Defence
-Scheme comes into force herewith.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the 6th August, the 1st Regiment, C.G.A., mobilized and
-proceeded to the Forts to complete the manning, since the R.C.G.A.
-alone were too few in number completely to man more than the two
-largest forts.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first portion of the annual training for the year had just
-been completed, and one can truthfully say that Halifax was as
-well able to repel a raid as any other fortress in the Empire at that
-period.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_237'>237</span>It was thought by most people in the early days of the War
-that the War would last only a few months, and the personnel of
-the Defences had to find accommodation where they could, until
-well on into the winter; for coast forts in peace time are not
-provided with accommodation for lengthy occupation; consequently,
-both officers and men had a far from comfortable time until wooden
-huts were constructed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>None of the Artillery Units allotted to the Fortress were for any
-length of time up to full strength, so that barely sufficient men were
-available to form the necessary reliefs for the guns.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Night and day, all through the War, from July 30th, 1914, until
-after the signing of the Armistice, November 11, 1919, enough
-men to work the guns had to be near them and alert, while on each
-gun was a sentry, who was relieved every hour, and whose duty
-was to watch seawards for the approach of any hostile craft. Not
-a very arduous task at first sight, but enough to make most men long
-to be Overseas after a few months of it.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Fortunately the Germans were not very enterprising, and considered
-that the presence of the Coast Defences was too great a risk
-to run, so that Halifax did not have to go through the horrors of a
-bombardment as well as the explosion, though, had the city been
-undefended, it would, no doubt, like several English towns, have
-received a few shells from time to time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In March, 1915, the 3rd Regiment, C.G.A., from St. John, N.B.,
-came for training, as St. John was about to be fortified, and a
-portion of this Unit was retained to reinforce the Units already
-doing duty in the Forts. In April, 1915, No. 4 Company, P.E.I.,
-C.G.A., came for training. Some of these men had already been
-on duty with heavy field guns at Canso and Sydney. When trained
-they remained in Halifax, sending drafts Overseas from time to
-time, and proved themselves efficient gunners.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In June, 1915, a number of N.C.O.’s and men sailed for the
-Front, but all efforts of others to do so were in vain, though
-several N.C.O.’s and men took their fate in their own hands and
-stowed away on transports conveying infantry. Some of these got
-as far as France, but discipline had to be maintained, and all were
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_238'>238</span>brought back. This incident will show that the men of the R.C.G.A.
-did not remain in Halifax from choice.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In July, 1916, authority was at last obtained for the R.C.G.A.
-to form a Siege Battery, and this was quickly done; in it were
-some of the best N.C.O.’s and men in the Corps, and the whole
-Battery were of splendid physique. This Battery left for Overseas
-in September, 1916, under the command of Major S. A. Heward,
-R.C.A. It arrived in France on the 22nd March, 1917, and took
-part in many big fights, including Vimy Ridge, Hill 70, Passchendaele,
-Cambrai and Mons. Men of a Siege Battery get plenty of
-heavy work and little chance of heroic deeds as individuals, but the
-Battery has to its credit the following decorations:—Military Cross,
-2; Distinguished Conduct Medal, 2; Military Medals, 16; Meritorious
-Service Medals, 3; while several other officers from the
-R.C.A. in Halifax were awarded the D.S.O. and M.C.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As soon as the Battery left for Overseas, preparations for raising
-another were immediately made, and those officers and men
-Who were unable to go in the previous one vied with each other to
-get a place in this, but it was not authorized, and drafts only were
-found as reinforcements to the one already authorized. Moreover,
-it was deemed advisable that certain specially trained officers and
-men were essential for the efficient working of the Home Defence,
-and these could not go, even in drafts, unless they had others to
-replace them.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It takes some time to make an artilleryman, particularly a
-garrison gunner, who is expected to know every type of gun from
-a light field piece to the heaviest coast defence gun, or siege
-howitzer, all of which form part of the armament of a coast
-fortress, so that, although no doubt if the War had lasted long
-enough all would eventually have been replaced, these men had to
-remain.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A number of R.C.A. officers went over in charge of drafts of the
-R.C.G.A. or other Units.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 1st Regiment, C.G.A., sent over many officers and men in
-drafts to infantry units and to an Ammunition Column.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The P.E.I. C.G.A. Detachment also formed an Ammunition
-Column.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_239'>239</span>Early in 1915 the British Government decided to re-arm St.
-Lucia, and the Units at Halifax, with some additional personnel
-from Esquimalt and Quebec, were called upon to furnish men for
-this purpose. The first draft went in March, 1915. They had to
-mount the guns (some of which were of French pattern and quite
-strange to them), and generally organize the defences.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the autumn of 1917 and spring of 1918 the enemy submarines
-raided the Atlantic coasts of the United States and Canada, and it
-was very essential that the important port of Sydney, N.S., should
-be more strongly defended, so new guns of heavier calibre were
-sent from Halifax and mounted there. This necessitated additional
-men, and drafts from Toronto and British Columbia were detailed
-for this purpose.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>These men, some of them called under the Military Service Act,
-were an exceptionally good type and quickly made efficient
-specialists and gunners. Some were sent for training as officers
-and would have relieved those officers in the Forts who had been
-unable to get away. Unfortunately for them the Armistice was
-declared and hostilities ceased, so that this scheme did not
-materialize, though some of these men obtained probationers’
-certificates.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>An important branch of the R.C.G.A. in Halifax is the Royal
-School of Artillery (Coast Defence and Siege) and this School, the
-only Siege Artillery School in Canada, was responsible for the training
-of most of the Siege Artillery Officers and Specialists, as well
-as several Batteries and Drafts that went Overseas after the First
-Contingent.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to this, a gun practice at Halifax, Sydney and St.
-John was carried out under the supervision of the R.S.A. Staff,
-while courses for officers and specialists, Coast Defence Artillery,
-were also given.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The establishment of Instructors was one officer and three other
-ranks, but as one N.C.O. Instructor was stationed at St. John, this
-was increased by a N.C.O. from the 1st Regiment, C.G.A.
-Officers from the C.G.A. were attached as assistants for varying
-periods.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In June, 1915, the I.G., now Lieut.-Col. W. G. Beeman, D.S.O.,
-R.C.A., went Overseas, and in 1916 his successor, Major H. R. N.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_240'>240</span>Cobbett, R.C.A., went over with No. 9 Siege Battery. In 1918 one
-Warrant Officer Instructor was permitted to go; he was immediately
-appointed Instructor at the Canadian School of Gunnery,
-Witley, England, and it was only with great difficulty that he
-managed to reach France, where he again was utilized as an
-Instructor.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The rest of the Staff felt most keenly the fact that they had to
-be retained in Canada, as their position after the War, when dealing
-with classes who had seen Overseas service, would not be at all
-enviable. It was very unfortunate that arrangements had not been
-made to replace them, so that they might go to the Front even for a
-short time, because although it is a fact that good teachers are born,
-not made, there is a tendency to think that anyone with long
-experience in the fighting line must be a good instructor.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Officers from all parts of Canada took courses at the R.S.A.,
-and it speaks well for the training which they received that on reaching
-England further training, other than three weeks’ at Lydd, was
-considered unnecessary in most cases, and at Lydd these officers
-usually took first place in the examinations held there.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Many of them, who were unable to get positions in the C.E.F.,
-were given commissions in the British Artillery, and in several cases
-commanded Batteries.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Owing to the smallness of Staff and limited demand for siege
-artillery the actual numbers trained were not as large as those in
-other Artillery Schools, but with small classes the training was
-naturally very thorough.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Among the Units trained may be mentioned:—</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>Coast Defence.</h3>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>1st Regiment, C.G.A</div>
-      <div class='line'>3rd Regiment, C.G.A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>P.E.I., C.G.A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Drafts from Toronto and B.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>And 10 courses for officers and specialists lasting two months each.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>Siege.</h3>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>2nd Montreal H’y B’t’y.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McGill Siege B’t’y and Drafts.</div>
-      <div class='line'>3rd C.G.A. Siege B’t’y and Drafts.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Halifax (10th) B’t’y and Drafts.</div>
-      <div class='line'>And 9 courses for officers and specialists lasting two months each.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Total number trained by R.S.A., exclusive of Batteries:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021' colspan='2'>Coast Defence.</th>
-    <th class='c025' colspan='2'>Siege</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Men.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Men.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>190</td>
-    <td class='c021'>301</td>
-    <td class='c021'>122</td>
-    <td class='c025'>258</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_241'>241</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL WHO WENT OVERSEAS.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='4'>R.C.G.A.</th></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c008'></th>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Other Ranks.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Sphere of Operations.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>13</td>
-    <td class='c008'>288</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Western Front.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>60</td>
-    <td class='c018'>To St. Lucia.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1</td>
-    <td class='c008'>36</td>
-    <td class='c018'>To C.E.F., Siberia.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>British Mission, Siberia.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c008'>22</td>
-    <td class='c008'>384</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='4'>1st Regiment, C.G.A.</th></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c008'></th>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Other Ranks.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Sphere of Operations.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>48</td>
-    <td class='c008'>625</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Western Front and St. Lucia.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='4'>P.E.I. C.G.A.</th></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c008'></th>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Other Ranks.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Sphere of Operations.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>-3</td>
-    <td class='c008'>110</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Western Front.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>On mobilization these units had:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c016'></th>
-    <th class='c021'>Officers.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>O.R.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>R.C.G.A.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c017'>336</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>1st Regt., C.G.A.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>20</td>
-    <td class='c017'>230</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>4 Coy., P.E.I. C.G.A.</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3</td>
-    <td class='c017'>72</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c008'>40</td>
-    <td class='c017'>638</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Altogether about 80 officers and 1,500 N.C.O.’s and men of the
-Artillery Units (including 10th Siege Battery) stationed in Halifax
-were sent Overseas, and the majority of those mobilized in 1914
-who did not go were unable to do so either through being specialists,
-over age or low category.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When it is realized that these Corps had great difficulty in
-obtaining recruits, owing to the fear that men would be retained for
-Home Service, the numbers shown are considered very creditable.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_242'>242</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXX.<br /> <em>THE CANADIAN ENGINEERS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The Corps of Canadian Engineers has no local connection
-with any Province in the same way that Infantry Regiments
-and Battalions have. At the end of the War in France it
-consisted of some twelve Battalions, together with other small
-Engineering Units with Administrative Staffs, etc., which Units
-were recruited from all parts of Canada, and no particular Engineering
-Unit was sent from the Province of Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A great many individual officers and men were sent to the
-Engineers from this Province, and did very excellent work, but
-were posted to various Overseas Units, hence the impossibility of
-describing particularly the work and services of Nova Scotia
-Sappers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As far as service in Canada is concerned the defence of the
-Fortress of Halifax was a very important matter, and the services
-of a very large number of officers and other ranks of the R.C.E.
-Permanent Force and Canadian Engineers, Active Militia, were
-employed at this Fortress throughout the War. Their strenuous
-duties and long hours in connection with the continual operation of
-electric lights and maintenance of fortifications were carried out
-untiringly and most conscientiously.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Practically every officer and other rank in these two Corps not
-only volunteered for Overseas service, but also took very strenuous
-measures to get to France, by hook or by crook, and a great many
-of them were successful. Others unfortunately were retained in
-Halifax for the defence of that Fortress.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_243'>243</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXI.<br /> <em>MILITIA UNITS ON HOME SERVICE.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The following memorandum was prepared to bring to the
-attention of the Minister of Militia and Militia Council some
-facts and figures respecting the services of the Militia of
-Canada <em>in Canada</em>, and particularly the Fortress of Halifax, Nova
-Scotia, and the Atlantic Seaboard, who although they repeatedly
-volunteered for Overseas were not allowed to go because their
-duties were held to be supremely important by those in authority.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>1st—Halifax has always been a Military and Naval Station of
-the Empire, and confidential instructions have always been in existence
-and a comprehensive scheme of defence in the hands of
-officers commanding Units, to be put in force immediately on
-declaration of war. Therefore, the following Halifax Fortress
-Order was issued by the G.O.C. M.D. No. 6, August 5, 1914:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No. 681. “War having broken out with Germany the Halifax
-defence scheme comes into effect forthwith.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In accordance with this order all Halifax Units were immediately
-mobilized and remained on duty in defence of Halifax
-practically for the duration of the War. The 94th Regiment was
-also mobilized for the defence of the Canso cable station, Cape
-Breton wireless station, etc., and other detachments were placed on
-active service at various points in the district.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>2nd—The importance of Halifax as a Military and Naval Station
-in British North America in the eyes of the Imperial and
-Canadian authorities is borne out by the following facts:</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>a</em>) The immense amount of money spent in fortifications.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>b</em>) The inauguration of an examination service, whereby all vessels
-were examined before being allowed to enter the harbor.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>c</em>) Halifax was the examination port for North America, and at
-times there were upwards of 200 large ocean-going vessels lying at
-anchor in the harbor.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'><span class='pageno' id='Page_244'>244</span>(<em>d</em>) The manning of the Port War Signal Station, by which all
-British and Allied warships were passed in under secret signals and
-codes.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>e</em>) All guns in the various forts were kept loaded, and the crews
-were kept standing by day and night, ready for instant action.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>f</em>) The infantry continually patrolled the coast, guarding the
-approaches to the city, and protecting cable landings and wireless stations.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>g</em>) When orders were issued to reduce the strength of the defences
-in September, 1914, the British Admiral on the Station informed Headquarters
-that if this order were carried out he would withdraw his fleet
-and mine the harbor, which would mean closing the harbor to all
-shipping.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>h</em>) A Hydroplane Station was established, and patrolled the coast
-daily during the latter part of the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>i</em>) Owing to the protection afforded by the defences of Halifax, the
-authorities were enabled to dispatch from this port in the vicinity of
-300,000 Canadian troops, in addition to many thousand Colonial and
-Allied troops, including Australians, New Zealanders, Bermudians, Fiji
-Islanders, Americans, and some 50,000 Chinese labor troops.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>(<em>j</em>) By means of its defence Halifax afforded shelter for a large
-number of merchant vessels that were driven in by German raiders
-early in the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It should also be noted that submarines were frequently in the
-vicinity of the harbor, and on one notable occasion a large oil tanker
-was sunk two hours after she left her pier, and several fishing
-vessels were sunk off the coast, and other large transports and cargo
-vessels were driven ashore at the entrance of the harbor. The
-transport <em>City of Vienna</em> became a total wreck. Preparations were
-made and orders issued to provide against possible landing parties
-from German raiders. Stringent orders were issued providing for
-the screening of all lights in the city and prosecutions were issued
-for neglecting to carry out this order.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The foregoing is enumerated with the object of showing the
-importance of Halifax Harbor as a War Station and the necessity
-of having it properly defended by maintaining the Garrison at full
-strength.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_245'>245</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXII.<br /> <em>THE FIRST REGIMENT CANADIAN GARRISON ARTILLERY.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>This Unit was organized in 1869 for the purpose of assisting
-the Regular Forces of the Garrison of Halifax in manning
-the Forts. The Regiment has always been at a high state of
-efficiency, due to the superior class of men it has been able to attract
-to its ranks.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_245.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. A. W. DUFFUS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>From the date of its organization the Regiment has been commanded
-by many prominent citizens.
-The following is the list in order of
-service: Lieut.-Col. A. G. Jones (late
-Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia),
-Lieut.-Col. Wm. Creighton, Lieut.-Col.
-George Mitchell, Lieut.-Col. Thomas
-Mowbray, Lieut.-Col. A. E. Curren,
-Lieut.-Col. F. H. Oxley, Lieut.-Col. A.
-G. Hesslein, Lieut.-Col. H. Flowers,
-and, in 1914, at the outbreak of war, by
-Lieut.-Col. J. A. Marshall, followed at
-the completion of his term of service
-by Lieut.-Col. A. W. Duffus, who commanded up to the cessation
-of hostilities.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On August 3, 1914, Capts. A. N. Jones, S. C. Oland, and George
-Brew were detailed for duty at the examination Battery. On
-August 4th the Commanding Officer received orders to mobilize,
-and on August 6th the Regiment was detailed to and occupied its
-various posts in the Batteries of the Fortress of Halifax. All
-officers and men in the city reported for duty: those absent were
-summoned by wire and letter, and joined the Unit within a few
-days.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_246'>246</span>The following officers remained with the Unit during the War,
-but did not proceed Overseas, because the Department at Ottawa
-claimed their services could not be dispensed with:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. J. A. Marshall, Lieut.-Col. A. W. Duffus, Major A.
-M. Bauld (Q.M.), Capts. J. M. Allen (Adjt.), W. C. Bauld (P.M.),
-L. J. Donaldson (Chaplain), Major H. E. Gates, Major P. O.
-Soulis (transferred to H.Q. M.D. No. 6), Capts. C. Churchill,
-A. F. Haliburton, L. L. Harrison, Lieuts. O. A. M. Wilson, G. B.
-Isnor, W. J. O’Connell, J. E. Rutledge, A. H. Thomson, Leo Esther,
-G. W. Carmichael, W. E. Forsythe, C. R. Hoben, H. C. Frame,
-P. L. Whitman, D. A. Forsythe, R. M. Fielding, F. A. Grant, W. E.
-Stewart, E. K. Fielding, H. H. Miller, W. Mitchell, A. J. Haliburton,
-C. H. Crosby, F. S. Thomson.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Department of Militia and Defence at first ruled that no
-officer or man of the Fortress could proceed Overseas, as his services
-were required here and he could not be spared. Later on this
-ruling was somewhat modified and officers and men were relieved
-as soon as they could be replaced by new men and permitted to join
-various Units. Many, however, were not accorded this privilege,
-much to their chagrin.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Six hundred and twenty-five men and the following officers were
-permitted to go Overseas at various times and with various Units
-and branches of the service, taking any chance that offered rather
-than remain at home:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. E. V. Hogan, Major G. H. Maxwell, Major J. L.
-MacKinnon (now Lieut.-Colonel), Major A. N. Jones, Capts. L. N.
-Seaman, E. L. Miller, S. C. Oland, G. M. Brew, F. S. Burns, G. B.
-Oland, G. A. Medcalf, P. B. Stairs, Lieuts. J. R. Curry, W. M. Ray,
-F. B. Sharp, G. A. Gaherty, R. W. Churchill, D. J. Maxwell, E. P.
-Flowers, D. A. Guildford, E. A. Bell, H. R. D. Lacon, R. F. B.
-Campbell, T. DeW. Farquhar, H. M. Stairs, E. S. Thomson, F. H.
-Palmer, R. P. Freeman, C. H. Coll, J. D. Smith, W. P. Potter,
-F. G. Hayden, H. W. L. Doane, W. M. Marshall, A. G. Wooten,
-H. St. G. S. DeCarteret, E. G. Dickie, A. E. Horne, R. G. Crosby,
-F. M. Blackett, R G. McAloney, W. R. Harris, M. B. Archibald,
-H. B. Bell, T. H. Whelpley, O. R. Crowell.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>And from the Reserve of Officers, Lieut.-Col. H. Flowers and
-Major Allister Fraser, M.C. Of these Major G. H. Maxwell,
-Capt. Philip B. Stairs, Lieuts. E. G. Dickie and R. G. MacAloney
-made the supreme sacrifice.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_247'>247</span>
-<img src='images/i_247.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>OFFICERS OF THE 1ST REGIMENT, C.G.A.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_248'>248</span>It is impossible to give a list of the many non-commissioned
-officers and men who were a credit to their Regiment on the fields
-of Flanders. Their records appear with the records of the Units
-in which they served.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is supposed by many that the troops of the Garrison lived in
-comparative luxury, whereas the contrary was the case. Many
-hardships were undergone and, apart from the fact that the Hun
-raiders gave Halifax a wide berth, knowing that an attack would
-mean a waste of ammunition, which could not be replaced this side
-of Zeebrugge, conditions generally were often not so good as in
-France, owing to the severity of our climate. The casements in
-which the men were supposed to be quartered in time of war were
-entirely unfit for occupation as, owing to long disuse, they were in
-a very damp and unsanitary condition. The Unit was, therefore,
-placed under canvas, and it was late in December before any
-attempt was made to provide proper and suitable winter quarters.
-Owing to a fine distinction made between the Militia and Overseas
-forces, which only an army man can understand, the men were not
-provided with a full kit, even boots being denied them until many
-of them were actually barefoot. Underclothing and other necessaries
-had to be purchased by the men themselves, until at last the
-responsible authorities awakened to the fact that there was a real
-war on.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About August 16, 1914, the first Canadian Contingent commenced
-mobilizing at Valcartier, and orders were received calling
-for volunteers from the Garrison. The 1st C.A. were to provide
-one officer and twenty-five other ranks. Capt. George M. Brew
-proceeded to Valcartier with the draft, and on arrival was told he
-was not wanted and ordered to return to Halifax. This officer was
-so disappointed that he resigned his commission and travelled to
-England at his own expense, where he joined a Unit of the Imperial
-artillery and served with it during the greater part of the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In September, 1914, it was considered unnecessary to keep the
-Units on garrison duty at full strength, and a reduction was proposed.
-The naval authorities, however, insisted that a fully garrisoned
-fortress was necessary as a protection for the Naval Base,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_249'>249</span>and no reduction was made. Later on the artillery forces were
-increased. All of which shows the importance placed on the
-Fortress by the Imperial authorities during war time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From time to time the Commanding Officer offered the services
-of the Unit for Overseas, and asked permission to form Batteries
-of heavy and field artillery, but without result. Small detachments
-were allowed to volunteer as emergencies arose, such as artillery
-Units being short of men, on account of casualties occurring, while
-passing through Halifax, and then only on condition that men were
-found to replace them. It was not until 1917 that permission was
-given to form an ammunition column, and immediately on its completion
-a second one.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Much might be written of happenings during the war period
-which, while of interest to the officers, non-commissioned officers
-and men, were all in the day’s work and of no historical value. It
-is sufficient to say that this Unit with the other Units of the Garrison
-performed their duties well and satisfactorily.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_250'>250</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXIII.<br /> <em>THE 11th BRIGADE, C.F.A., AND COMPOSITE ARTILLERY COMPANY.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 11th Brigade was the junior Artillery Brigade of the
-6th Military District. It comprised in addition to the
-Headquarters Staff, the 27th (Digby) Battery, the 28th
-(Pictou) Battery and the 29th (Yarmouth) Battery. Although
-the Brigade was not ordered out on active service, it contributed
-possibly more than its original strength in personnel to the prosecution
-of the Great War. Almost the first day of the War the
-Commanding Officer (Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley, of Yarmouth,
-N.S.) wired the offer of services to headquarters and the Battery
-officers busied themselves with looking to the details of organization.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. F. W. Pickles, O.C. 29th Battery (Yarmouth), joined the
-17th Battery of Sydney, one of the first Units on the march, with
-a detachment of eighteen non-commissioned officers and men from
-his Battery. Subsequently every artillery Unit and many of the
-Infantry Battalions had on their strength representatives of the
-11th Brigade. This was made possible largely by the untiring
-efforts of a few senior officers, who for some good reason or other,
-were unable to proceed Overseas. Prominent among these were
-Majors H. S. Hamilton, of Pictou; D. C. McKay, of Digby, and
-A. K. Van Horne, of Yarmouth.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The services of the officers of the 11th Brigade, summarily put,
-were: Lieut.-Col. T. M. Seeley, O.C., was successful in organizing
-the 23rd Battery, C.E.F.; a Company for guard duty at Barrington
-Passage, Radio Station, and a Company in the 112th Battalion,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_251'>251</span>C.E.F., under Colonel Tremaine, with which the latter crossed the
-Atlantic. Capt. A. A. Durkee, Adjutant of the Brigade, organized
-at Valcartier the first Ammunition Unit in the C.E.F., and proceeded
-Overseas with the First Contingent. He was early at the
-Front, and was promoted to Major and Lieut.-Colonel, and commanded,
-in turn, a Brigade Ammunition Column, a Battery, and a
-Brigade of Artillery. He was mentioned in dispatches and was
-awarded the D.S.O. Lieut.-Col. Durkee is also a South African
-War veteran. Capt. V. F. Connor, C.A.M.C., was on duty through
-the greater part of the War, and rendered valuable service at the
-time of the great explosion in Halifax, December, 1917.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 27th Battery contributed to the C.E.F. Capt. Glidden
-Campbell, of Weymouth, who went over with the 85th Battalion,
-and who was awarded the M.C.; Lieuts. C. D. Shreve, M.C., killed
-in action in the artillery; K. V. Schurman and H. A. Marshall.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 28th Battery had to its credit in the C.E.F., Major J. K.
-McKay, of Pictou, who went over in command of the 23rd Battery,
-C.E.F. He commanded a Battery and a Brigade of Artillery
-at the Front, being latterly promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel.
-He was severely wounded and received the D.S.O. From the 28th,
-Lieuts. C. E. Churchill, H. P. MacKeen, J. E. Read, J. D. Hickman,
-H. P. MacKenzie, and possibly others, entered the C.E.F. Capt.
-V. C. Johnson, Corps Reserve, was Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 29th Battery furnished (in addition to Adjutant Durkee,
-already mentioned) Capt. F. W. Pickles, who commanded a section
-of a Divisional Ammunition Column at the Front; Lieut. Ralph
-P. Harding, who rose to the command of a Battery, with the
-rank of Major, and returned with the M.C. and the D.S.O.; Lieuts.
-W. Arthur Porter, G. St. C. A. Perrin, E. J. Vickery, G. O. Rogers,
-E. J. Stekelin, who became Major; H. E. Crowell, who became
-Major; S. C. Hood, Jr., who became Captain, and M. B. Davis.
-The 29th Battery claims the honor of having had in its membership
-at one time Brig.-General W. O. H. Dodds, C.M.G., D.S.O., now of
-Montreal.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_252'>252</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>Composite Artillery Company</h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c027'>In April, 1915, detachments from the 27th Battery (Digby) and
-the 29th Battery (Yarmouth) and No. 1 Siege Company
-(Mahone), were assembled at Yarmouth, under Lieut.-Col.
-T. M. Seeley, for preliminary training, and in May following proceeded
-to Barrington Passage for guard duty at the Radio Station.
-Among their duties was the construction of a road three miles long
-through a very difficult country. Practically the whole strength of
-this Company transferred to Overseas Units. Officers, in addition
-to the O.C: Capt. W. T. Ernst, and Lieut. C. Melvin.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_253'>253</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXIV.<br /> <em>THE 63rd REGIMENT HALIFAX RIFLES.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The 63rd Regiment, Halifax Rifles, was first organized as a
-Regiment in 1860, under the title of “The Halifax Volunteer
-Battalion.” The Volunteer Companies which then
-composed the Regiment had previously been acting as independent
-bodies. The first Colonel was Sir Willian Fenwick Williams, of
-Kars, and on March 16, 1860, Capt. William Chearnley (late of
-H.M. 8th King’s Regiment of Foot), who was in command of the
-Chebucto Greys, was by an order from Adjutant-General’s Office
-appointed Captain Commanding the Halifax Volunteer Battalion.
-This was the official date of the organization of the Unit, better
-known as the 63rd Halifax Rifles.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Companies comprising the Regiment at its formation were
-the Scottish Rifles, Chebucto Greys, Mayflower Rifles, Halifax
-Rifles, Irish Rifles, and Dartmouth Rifles. In 1862 the Dartmouth
-Engineers joined the Regiment, which mustered seven Companies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On November 10, 1862, the Halifax City Council presented the
-Regiment with its first set of colors. The presentation was made
-by the wife of the Mayor, Mrs. P. C. Hill. On the same date, Lady
-Mulgrave, wife of the Governor of Nova Scotia, in the name of
-the ladies of the City of Halifax, presented the Regiment with a
-silver bugle, which was to be shot for each year. This bugle is
-still in the possession of the Regiment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In January, 1865, Captain Chearnley was appointed Lieut.-Colonel
-and the Battalion reorganized, two of the Companies, the
-Irish Rifles and Dartmouth Engineers, disbanding. The Halifax
-Rifles, which was double strength, took the place of the Irish Rifles—the
-muster now being six Companies. This Regiment had its
-first call for service in 1866, doing garrison duty during the alarm
-caused by the Fenian Raids into Canada. The service lasted from
-June 6th to July 31st.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_254'>254</span>In 1868 the Regiment was transferred from the Volunteer Force
-to the Active Militia, and was officially designated as the Halifax
-Volunteer Battalion of Rifles, and on May 13, 1870, the Militia
-Department having been regularly organized, the name changed to
-the 63rd Battalion of Rifles, and later to 63rd Regiment, Halifax
-Rifles, which name it retained up to and during the late Great War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Successive Commanding Officers were as follows: Lieut.-Col.
-Chearnley, 1865 to 1871; Lieut.-Col. Andrew MacKinlay, 1871 to
-1872; Lieut.-Colonel Pallister, 1872 to 1879; Lieut.-Col. J. W.
-Mackintosh, 1879 to 1890; Lieut.-Col. J. D. Walsh, 1890 to 1892;
-Lieut.-Col. T. J. Egan, 1892 to 1898; Lieut.-Col. John Crane, 1898
-to 1903; Lieut.-Col. J. T. Twining, 1903 to 1908; Lieut.-Col. C. A.
-Gunning, 1908 to 1913; Lieut.-Col. I. W. Vidito, 1913 to 1917;
-Lieut.-Col. C. A. Mumford, 1917 until demobilized 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 63rd furnished 109 officers and men for service during the
-Northwest Rebellion. Major Walsh was in command, with Capts.
-Hechler, Cunningham and Fortune and Lieutenants Silver, James,
-Twining, McKie, Fletcher and Fiske. Captain Corbin was appointed
-Quartermaster of the Provisional Battalion. They entrained
-for the West on April 4, 1885, and returned to Halifax and rejoined
-their Unit July 24 of the same year. The Regiment also furnished
-sixty-one officers, non-commissioned officers and men for service in
-the South African War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the declaration of the Great War, August 4, 1914, the 63rd
-Regiment, Halifax Rifles was ordered out for service in defence
-of the Fortress of Halifax. One hundred men under the command
-of Capt. H. N. Clarke, with Capt. J, W. Logan, Lieut. E. R. Dennis
-and Lieut. F. H. M. Jones, proceeded at once to Wellington Barracks,
-and the remainder of the Unit was at once mobilized and
-proceeded under command to the various war stations assigned to it.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>By August 5, 1914, the mobilization of the Unit being completed,
-the Regiment paraded in full strength under Lieut.-Col. I. W.
-Vidito, with Major W. E. Thompson Second in Command, and
-Capt. D. R. Turnbull, Adjutant, and proceeded to their new
-quarters, Wellington Barracks, where the Composite Company
-under Capt. H. N. Clarke was absorbed, the officers and men rejoining
-their old Companies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_255'>255</span>On August 12th “B” Company proceeded to McNab’s Island
-under the command of Capt. C. A. Mumford, with Lieuts. C. N.
-Bennett and W. E. Doane. “D” Company, under Capt. H. F.
-Adams and Lieut. C. J. Roche, proceeded to York Redoubt. On
-August 18th “G” and “H” Companies proceeded to the Eastern
-Camp Site, Dartmouth. These two Companies were under the command
-of Major W. H. Conrod. “G” Company (Capt. E. A. Vossnack,
-Lieuts. G. S. Kinley and G. C. Sircom) occupied York Farm;
-“H” Company (Capt. H. N. Clarke and Lieuts. E. C. Phinney
-and J. W. Grant) occupied Kuhn’s Farm. On August 25th “D”
-Company under Capt. H. F. Adams moved from York Redoubt to
-Camperdown, and on the same date “A” Company (Capt. F. C.
-Kingdon, Lieut. R. C. McDonald); “C” Company (Capt. H. G.
-DeWolfe, Lieut. H. J. Stech) and “F” Company (Capt. J. W.
-Logan, Lieuts. G. M. Sylvester and F. H. Jones) moved to McNab’s
-Island. “E” Company (Capt. E. K. McKay, Lieuts. O. Vossnack
-and E. R. Dennis) moved to Lawlor’s Island. The last four Companies
-were under the command of Major W. E. Thompson. On
-August 30th headquarters and regimental details moved to McNab’s
-Island.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Immediately on arrival at their stations each Company started
-the work of digging trenches, placing wire entanglements, constructing
-blockhouses, dugouts, etc. The men were driven at top
-speed at this work, officers and men working all day as well as
-doing picquet duty at night.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the early days of the War H.M. ship <em>Suffolk</em>, then
-engaged in hunting for the enemy cruiser <em>Karlsruhe</em>, called at
-Halifax in urgent need of coal, and was coaled in record time by
-the 63rd Regiment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On August 22nd the first Overseas draft was called for and
-twenty-four non-commissioned officers and men under command
-of Lieuts. A. F. Major and G. L. Stairs, proceeded to Valcartier
-Camp. On November 25, 1914, forty-eight non-commissioned
-officers and men were transferred to the 25th Battalion, C.E.F.,
-which was then being organized, and on December 6th Major W. H.
-Conrod, Lieuts. L. N. B. Bullock, G. C. Sircom and J. A. Grant
-were transferred to that Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_256'>256</span>Major W. E. Thompson was called in by Headquarters Military
-District No. 6 in December, 1914, to take over the work of Inspector
-of Outposts and Detachments throughout the district, with the rank
-of Lieut.-Colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On May 20, 1915, Capt. Wm. Taylor, Lieuts. C. J. Roche and
-J. A. Watters, with thirty-three other ranks proceeded to Jamaica
-on military duty. On August 13, 1915, thirty-six other ranks were
-transferred to the 40th Battalion, then in training at Valcartier.
-In September, 1915, an Overseas Company was formed to which
-officers and men given permission to go Overseas were attached for
-training. From this time, all drafts from the 63rd for Overseas
-Units were taken from this Company.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>An Overseas draft of 100 other ranks with Lieuts. W. D.
-Simpson, H. D. Hilton and C. D. Llwyd were struck off the
-strength of the 63rd Regiment on February 25, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major H. F. Adams was appointed Officer Commanding Discharge
-Depot, Halifax, from July 1, 1916. A draft of eighty-eight
-other ranks under command of Lieuts. H. A. Creighton and Benj.
-Taylor embarked for Overseas on July 15, 1916. The Regiment
-was inspected by Field-Marshall H.R.H. Duke of Connaught on
-August 24, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 63rd was placed on a four Company basis from November
-1, 1917. The Company officers were: “A” Company, Capt. F. C.
-Kingdon, Lieuts. J. A. Watters, H. V. Wier, G. W. Churchill,
-H. S. Holloway. “B” Company, Capts. H. J. Steck, D. W. Kennedy,
-Lieuts. F. A. Taylor, C. S. Innes, H. R. McCaughin, G. R.
-Forbes. “C” Company, Capts. E. Ricketts, G. S. Kinley, Lieuts.
-T. L. Parkman, J. E. Milsom, C. N. Innes. “D” Company, Capts.
-O. F. Vossnack, W. Taylor, Lieuts. E. G. McMinn, W. R. R.
-Tayler, H. H. Irwin.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. I. W. Vidito was transferred to the Reserve of
-Officers on July 1, 1917, and was succeeded in the command of the
-Regiment by Lieut.-Col. C. A. Mumford. On the morning of
-December 6, 1917, five officers and 143 other ranks were detailed for
-relief work following the explosion at Halifax. On April 16, 1918,
-the 6th Battalion Canadian Garrison Regiment was authorized, and
-in May the 63rd Regiment was relieved from duty. The following
-named officers were transferred to the 6th Battalion: Lieut.-Col.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_257'>257</span>C. A. Mumford, Capts. E. Ricketts, H. J. Steck, E. K. McKay,
-G. S. Kinley, Lieuts. H. V. Wier, J. A. Watters, E. G. McMinn,
-G. W. Churchill, J. E. Milsom, H. R. McCoughin, G. R. Forbes,
-R. J. Colwell.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The undermentioned officers were transferred to the 1st Nova
-Scotia Depot Battalion: Lieuts. H. A. Wilson, W. R. R. Tayler,
-H. S. Holloway, Majors A. R. McCleave and H. N. Clarke, Capts.
-F. C. Kingdon, J. D. Monoghan and Lieut. T. Parkman were relieved
-from active service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the organization of the First Canadian Contingent the
-Regiment volunteered for service Overseas, but much to the disappointment
-of all ranks had to continue its allotted duties in the
-defence of the Fortress of Halifax. Owing to the heavy demands
-on the Ordnance Department for clothing and equipment needed by
-troops preparing for embarkation the requirements of troops on
-Home Service could not be met until late in 1914, and for some
-time clothing was patched with flour sacks or any other material
-available, and worn out soles of boots were reinforced with shingles.
-In spite of all discouragements the 63rd faithfully performed the
-tasks assigned it, and when at last it was permitted to send drafts
-Overseas it became the ambition of all ranks to obtain a transfer to
-the Overseas Company. Altogether the Regiment supplied 70
-officers and 815 other ranks for service at the Front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following is a list of officers who served with the Regiment
-at various times during the War. Those who went Overseas are
-marked *: *Lieut. A. B. Anderson; Capt. H. F. Adams (now
-Lieut.-Col. R. O.); *Lieut. A. A. Allenback; *Lieut. W. B. Arthur;
-*Lieut. H. P. Bell (Captain C.E.F.); *Lieut. C. W. Bennett
-(killed in action); *Lieut. L. N. B. Bullock (D.S.O. and Bar—Lieut.-Colonel
-C.E.F.); *Lieut. F. A. Brewster (M.C.); *Lieut.
-G. A. Campbell (killed in action); *Major W. H. Conrod; *Major
-H. N. Clarke; Lieut. J. H. Congdon; Lieut. G. W. Churchill;
-*Lieut. W. L. Coleman; Lieut. H. J. Crosskill; *Lieut. R. J.
-Colwell; *Lieut. T. F. Campbell; *Lieut. C. H. Colwell; *Lieut.
-A. H. Creighton; *Lieut. H. A. Creighton; *Lieut. B. Currie
-(Captain C.E.F.); Capt. H. G. DeWolf; Lieut. W. H. Dennis;
-*Lieut. E. R. Dennis (M.C., killed in action); *Major F. W. W.
-Doane; *Lieut. H. W. L. Doane; *Lieut. W. E. E. Doane (killed
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_258'>258</span>in action); *Lieut. S. Downer; *Lieut. J. S. Davie (M.C., Major
-C.E.F.); Lieut. R. F. Davison; *Lieut. A. C. Delacroix; *Lieut.
-E. R. Eddy; Lieut. R. G. Forbes; *Lieut. W. G. Foster (killed in
-action); *Lieut. P. W. Freeman; Lieut. L. A. Gastonquay; *Lieut.
-G. H. Gillis (D.F.C., Captain C.E.F.); *Lieut. J. A. Grant; *Lieut.
-W. P. Grant; *Lieut. R. J. Harris (died); *Lieut. J. A. Harris;
-*Lieut. H. E. Hilton (killed in action); *Lieut. H. S. Holloway;
-*Lieut. W. A. Hendry; *Lieut. E. J. Hallett (M.C.); *Lieut. E. A.
-Hartling; Lieut. H. H. Irwin; *Lieut. C. S. Innes; *Lieut. Colin
-Innes; *Lieut. F. H. Jones (M.C.); Capt. R. J. Huston; *Lieut.
-A. E. Jubien; Capt. F. C. Kingdon; *Lieut. A. L. A. Kane; Lieut.
-D. W. Kennedy; Lieut. A. W. Kidner; *Lieut. G. S. Kinley (Captain
-C.E.F.); *Lieut. G. H. Keeler (M.C.); Lieut. J. H. LeBlanc;
-*Lieut. C. D. Llwyd (M.C., killed in action); *Major J. W. Logan;
-*Lieut. G. R. Leslie; *Lieut. O. W. Lingham; *Lieut. A T. Lewis
-(M.C., Captain C.E.F.); *Lieut. A. F. Major (killed in action);
-Lieut J. E. Milson; Capt. R. A. Milson; Lieut.-Col. C. A. Mumford;
-Lieut. J. D. Monaghan; Capt. A. R. McCleave; Capt. E. K. McKay;
-*Lieut. R. C. McDonald; Lieut.-Col. J. W. McMillan (Chaplain);
-*Lieut. Geo. O. McDonald (drowned); Lieut. E. J. McMinn;
-Lieut. H. R. McCoughin; *Lieut. A. T. McDonald (Major
-C.E.F.); Lieut. T. L. Parkman; *Lieut. P. R. Phillips (M.C.);
-*Lieut. E. C. Phinney (Lieut.-Col. C.E.F.); *Lieut. G. C. Pickford;
-Capt. E. Ricketts; *Lieut. C. Roche (killed in action); Lieut. G. B.
-Robertson; *Lieut. W. M. Rogers; *Lieut. J. S. Roy; *Lieut. C. E.
-Scarfe; *Lieut. W. D. Simpson; *Lieut. G. C. Sircom; *Lieut. W. J.
-Stairs; *Lieut. G. L. Stairs (killed in action); Lieut. H. J. Stech;
-*Lieut. E. S. Smith; *Lieut. G. M. Sylvester (killed in action);
-*Lieut. B. A. Taylor (killed in action); *Major W. E. Thompson
-(Colonel D.O.C., Military District No. 6); Capt. W. Taylor;
-Lieut. J. F. Taylor; Lieut. F. A. Taylor; Capt. D. R. Turnbull;
-*Lieut. W. R. R. Tayler, Lieut.-Col. I. W. Vidito; Capt. E. A.
-Vossnack; Capt. O. F. Vossnack; Lieut. J. A. Watters; Lieut.
-H. V. Wier; *Lieut. H. A. Wilson; Lieut. P. J. Webb; Lieut.
-R. E. Wellard; Lieut. H. H. Westbrooke; Lieut. A. B. West.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_259'>259</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXV.<br /> <em>THE 66th REGIMENT PRINCESS LOUISE FUSILIERS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_259.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. A. KING.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Following Great Britain’s declaration of war against
-Germany on August 4, 1914, the 66th Regiment, Princess
-Louise Fusiliers, immediately paraded at the Halifax
-Armories and the same evening sent an advanced party of four
-officers and one hundred other ranks in command of Capt. D. S.
-Bauld to Wellington Barracks, where the balance of the Unit under
-its Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Col.
-H. L. Chipman, followed, and established
-its headquarters on August 7,
-1914. Preparations were immediately
-made to place the 66th Regiment on a
-war footing, and excitement ran high
-because it was felt by all ranks that,
-this being one of the oldest Units in the
-Province, the 66th Regiment would be
-among the first to see real service; but
-the fact that it was never sent Overseas
-caused in the later years of the War a
-feeling of bitter disappointment, particularly
-among those who were destined to carry on tame and unattractive
-garrison duty throughout the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The “Halifax Defence Scheme” unfortunately condemned it to
-this uninteresting work, and although the Regiment repeatedly
-volunteered for service Overseas its requests were ignored. The
-defence of Halifax was altogether a thankless task, and the often
-repeated assurance that the Regiment was performing the duties
-required of it brought little consolation to the officers and men
-whose sole ambition was to join their comrades in the Field.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_260'>260</span>The personnel of the officers who turned out with the Regiment
-at the time of the declaration of war was as follows:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. H. L. Chipman</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Officer Commanding.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major and Bt. Lieut.-Col. A. King</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Senior Major.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major R. B. Simmonds</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Junior Major and Acting Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. F. L. Stephen</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Acting Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. M. A. Curry</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Medical Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. W. J. Armitage</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Chaplain.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major R. H. Humphrey</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c032'><em>Company Officers.</em></p>
-
-<p class='c033'>Capts. A. W. Weston, G. W. Murray, J. McFatridge, D. S. Bauld,
-H. H. Bligh, R. W. Frost, C. E. Dowden, J. R. Glazbrook; Lieuts.
-W. B. Medcalfe, G. W. Stairs, G. H. Liddell, C. A. Fages, J. C.
-Stairs, J. R. Simmonds, G. Dwyer, W. C. Borrett, J. H. Crosskill,
-B. H. Smith, R. F. Studd, F. H. Marr, F. R. Heuston, D. Stairs,
-G. E. Creighton, L. E. VanBuskirk.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Later two officers reported for duty from the Corps Reserve,
-and during the period of the War twenty-five additional officers
-were granted commissions in the Regiment. The Regiment at the
-outbreak of the War was on an eight Company basis, and it was
-not until December 6, 1915, that the double Company system was
-adopted.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first move of importance was the sending of a detachment,
-on August 11, 1914, of four Companies, B, E, F and G, and the
-Regimental Machine Gun Section, all under command of Major
-R. B. Simmonds, to Chain and Long Lakes, with instructions to
-prepare a system of trenches, blockhouses, etc., and arrange generally
-for the defence of Halifax City from any possible attack from
-the West. This force was designated the “Chain Lakes Detachment,”
-and with interchanges of officers and other ranks remained
-on duty at this post until January 15, 1917, when it proceeded to
-York Redoubt.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The headquarters of the Regiment was moved from Wellington
-Barracks to York Redoubt on August 29, 1914, and remained there
-until the demobilization of the Unit on May 1, 1918. In January,
-1915, Lieut.-Colonel Chipman was seconded from the Regiment and
-took over command of the Composite Battalion, which had been
-organized for garrison duty, and Lieut.-Col. A. King was gazetted
-O.C. 66th Regiment, and continued so until the Unit was relieved
-from active service in May, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_261'>261</span>About December 1, 1915, authority was granted for the Regiment
-to organize a reinforcing draft, five officers and two hundred
-and fifty other ranks. The South Barracks on Sackville Street
-were immediately taken over, and recruiting and organization work
-in connection with the draft was proceeded with. The draft finally
-sailed for England on January 22, 1916. This draft was commanded
-by Capt. R. F. Studd, the other officers accompanying it
-being Lieuts. T. F. Morrison, W. K. Fraser, L. J. Atkinson, and
-W. S. Fielding.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the War the 66th Regiment was inspected by His Royal
-Highness the Duke of Connaught, His Excellency the Duke of
-Devonshire, Major-General Gwatkin, Chief of the Canadian General
-Staff, Major-General Lessard, Inspector-General of Eastern Canada,
-and by many other distinguished soldiers, and was at all times
-most highly complimented on its excellent state of efficiency.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_261.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. R. B. SIMMONDS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Unit played a prominent part in the relief work following
-the great explosion of December 6, 1917, which devastated a large
-portion of the City of Halifax, caused the loss of some seventeen
-hundred lives and entailed untold suffering among so many families
-for months following. Lieut.-Col. R. B.
-Simmonds was in command of all military
-and naval relief parties engaged in rescue
-work in the devastated area, and later was
-placed in charge of a committee to procure
-relief for dependants of all men who
-were serving at home or Overseas. It
-was the duty of this committee to find
-food, clothing and shelter for the families
-of all soldiers who had suffered in the
-explosion. A large number of mechanics
-were placed under the direction of this
-committee and the work of relief
-practically completed by May 1, 1918. That the duties of this committee
-were all carried out it might be mentioned that it effected
-practically permanent repairs to over one hundred and sixty houses,
-besides looking after the needs of many suffering families, for
-which it was complimented by the Minister of Militia and received
-the thanks of the Halifax Relief Commission.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_262'>262</span>Notwithstanding that the Regiment was kept in Canada, it was,
-nevertheless, called upon to perform various and arduous duties at
-all times. That the Regiment also assisted in a very tangible way
-in winning the War is proved by the fact that the 66th Regiment,
-Princess Louise Fusiliers sent fifty-four officers and eight hundred
-and fifty men to swell the ranks of various Overseas Units of the
-Canadian Expeditionary Force, a large number of whom are now
-sleeping their last sleep in the fields of Flanders, having upheld the
-honor of their Regiment and proved their belief in its motto,
-“Fideliter.”</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_263'>263</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXVI.<br /> <em>94th VICTORIA REGIMENT, ARGYLL HIGHLANDERS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Much has been written of what was done by Canadian Units
-in France and Belgium, but little has been said of the Units
-compelled to remain on home service, which had to content
-themselves with performing garrison duties and supplying reinforcements
-to the army in the Field.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 94th Victoria Regiment, Argyll Highlanders, with Headquarters
-at Baddeck, Cape Breton, was at the commencement of
-hostilities perhaps the most distinctively Highland Battalion in the
-forces of the Empire, inasmuch as the Gaelic language was the
-mother tongue of eighty per cent. of its personnel. As a rural
-Battalion it is recognized as having sent more officers and men
-Overseas than any other similar Unit in Eastern Canada. All its
-original members, excepting those over age or physically unfit, were
-transferred to C.E.F. Units; many of them paid the supreme
-sacrifice, and a number of them were decorated for distinguished
-service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At 9.30 a.m., August 4, 1914, the Officer Commanding the
-Battalion, Lieut.-Col. J. D. McRae, received mobilization orders.
-The marching-out strength, including the Canso detachment, was
-377 all ranks. The eight Companies were commanded by the
-officers, and proceeded to their different stations, on the dates named
-below:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“A” Co., Capt. D. P. McRae, Whitney Pier, Sydney</td>
-    <td class='c021'>7th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>Aug.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“B” Co., Capt. D. A. McRae; Marconi Towers, Glace Bay</td>
-    <td class='c021'>6th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“C” Co., Capt. A. J. McNeil, North Sydney</td>
-    <td class='c021'>5th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“D” Co., Capt. M. A. McLeod, Marconi Towers, Glace Bay</td>
-    <td class='c021'>6th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“E” Co., Capt. M. D. McKeigan, Louisburg</td>
-    <td class='c021'>5th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“F” Co., Capt. R. Y. McKenzie, Lloyd’s Cove, Sydney Mines</td>
-    <td class='c021'>7th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“G” Co., Capt. J. G. Johnstone, Canso</td>
-    <td class='c021'>5th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>“H” Co., Capt. W. D. McKenzie, Sydney</td>
-    <td class='c021'>7th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Regimental Staff to Headquarters, 33 Charlotte St., Sydney</td>
-    <td class='c021'>7th</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='2'><span class='pageno' id='Page_264'>264</span></td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'><em>Regimental Staff.</em></th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. J. D. McRae</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Officer Commanding.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. S. McLean</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Second in Command.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major A. D. McRae</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Junior Major.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. W. G. McRae</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. J. McInnis</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Instructor of Musketry.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. G. M. McNeil</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Signalling Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major M. A. J. McDonald</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major Dan McDonald</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Medical Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. M. H. Morrison</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Lieutenants.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“A” Co., P. W. Anderson and J. A. Kiley.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“B” Co., W. W. Nicholson and F. J. McCharles.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“C” Co., A. J. McDonald and J. A. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“D” Co., N. J. McDonald and A. N. McKenzie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“E” Co., J. L. McKinnon and D. McKenzie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“F” Co., D. McKinnon and D. McKenzie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“G” Co., K. L. McKay and J. McIsaac.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“H” Co., A. McKinnon and J. D. McRae.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Captain C. C. McIntosh was Chaplain of the Unit, but was not
-called out for service with it.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the years 1914 to 1918 the following officers, sixty in all.
-were transferred to C.E.F. Units:</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Majors.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>M. W. Morrison and J. G. Johnstone.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Captains.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>D. A. McRae.</div>
-      <div class='line'>K. L. McKay.</div>
-      <div class='line'>M. D. McKeigan.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. McIsaac.</div>
-      <div class='line'>W. G. McRae.</div>
-      <div class='line'>W. W. Nicholson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>D. McKinnon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>A. McKinnon.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Lieutenants.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>A. J. McInnis.</div>
-      <div class='line'>G. M. McNiel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. D. McIntyre.</div>
-      <div class='line'>W. J. Brothers.</div>
-      <div class='line'>C. McDermid.</div>
-      <div class='line'>G. B. Morley.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. W. Maddin.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. H. McIvor.</div>
-      <div class='line'>C. F. Gallant.</div>
-      <div class='line'>A. E. Wilcox.</div>
-      <div class='line'>S. Schoefield.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. A. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>David Neil.</div>
-      <div class='line'>P. W. Anderson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. D. McNiel.</div>
-      <div class='line'>D. H. McKenzie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>L. G. McCorrison.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. A. McKinnon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. A. Rankin.</div>
-      <div class='line'>C. Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>A. W. McLean.</div>
-      <div class='line'>W. A. Livingstone.</div>
-      <div class='line'>T. D. A. Purves.</div>
-      <div class='line'>R. A. Pertus.</div>
-      <div class='line'>G. D. Crowell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>C. R. McKenzie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>W. E. Beaton.</div>
-      <div class='line'>M. J. Dryden.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Alex. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>A. H. Walker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>C. Holland.</div>
-      <div class='line'>R. Flemming.</div>
-      <div class='line'>W. R. McAskill.</div>
-      <div class='line'>A. M. Fraser.</div>
-      <div class='line'>S. D. Morrison.</div>
-      <div class='line'>C. W. Sutherland.</div>
-      <div class='line'>D. N. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>W. H. McConell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>B. Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>F. J. McCharles.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. A. Holland.</div>
-      <div class='line'>M. W. McKinnon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>H. C. Verner.</div>
-      <div class='line'>T. C. King.</div>
-      <div class='line'>R. M. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>M. J. McRae.</div>
-      <div class='line'>A. S. Henry.</div>
-      <div class='line'>D. S. Carey.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. B. Fraser.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Theodore Chisholm.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_265'>265</span>From a total of 344 other ranks who came out with the Battalion
-at the commencement of the War, 311 volunteered for service Overseas.
-It took time to train a sufficient number of recruits to replace
-these men, but within six months all had been transferred to C.E.F.
-Units and were on their way to France. Altogether the Battalion
-during its period of service sent 3,632 men to the Front, and it was
-a difficult matter at all times to retain a sufficient number of men
-to perform the necessary duties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The eight Companies of the Battalion were called upon to perform
-Garrison Guard and Outpost duties at important shipping
-points, wireless and cable stations, not only in Cape Breton but also
-at Canso. For defence purposes the troops at Marconi Towers,
-Glace Bay, Louisburg and Canso erected blockhouses and wire
-entanglements, built redoubts and dug trenches, in addition to
-carrying into effect a syllabus of training designed better to fit the
-men for their more strenuous work with the Expeditionary Force.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion was demobilized June 29, 1918, and the following
-officers were transferred to “F” Company, 6th Battalion,
-Canadian Garrison Regiment, who assumed the duties previously
-performed by the 94th:—</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Capt. A. J. McNiel.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Lieutenants.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>J. A. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>L. E. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. D. McRae.</div>
-      <div class='line'>A. J. McDonald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dan McKenzie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bert Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. R. Fraser.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major M. J. McDonald, Quartermaster, was employed as the
-representative of the A.D. of S. &amp; T. in Cape Breton, and Major
-D. McDonald, Medical Officer, was attached to the A.D.M.S., Military
-District No. 6. The undermentioned officers were relieved
-from duty and returned to their homes:—</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Lieut.-Col. A. D. McRae.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major W. G. McRae.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Major J. Darke (attached from 4th P.E.I. Heavy Battery).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capts. D. P. McRae, D. McKenzie, J. A. Kiley, J. L. McKinnon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieuts. S. A. Reeves, J. D. Aucoin.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>N.C.O.’s and men in Class 1 of the Military Service Act, and
-those who were willing to be transferred, were handed over to
-“F” Company, 6th Battalion, C.E.F., for duty in Cape Breton.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_266'>266</span>The following 94th officers transferred to C.E.F. Units were
-awarded decorations:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major P. W. Anderson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major M. D. McKeigan</td>
-    <td class='c018'>French Croix de Guerre.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. W. A. Livingstone</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross and Bar.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. G. B. Morley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. G. M. McNeil</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. W. E. Beaton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. S. Henry</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. D. McIntyre</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Cross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. E. Wilcox</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Military Medal.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following officers were killed in action or died of wounds:—</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Major P. W. Anderson, M.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. M. W. McKinnon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. W. E. Beaton, M.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. Aubrey McKinnon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lieutenants A. H. Walker, W. R. McAskill, J. A. McDonald, J. H. McIvor, J. A. Holland, A. M. Fraser, R. A. Pertus.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is impossible at the present time to obtain a nominal roll of
-the N.C.O.’s and men who fell on the field of honor. The list is a
-long one, and in many Cape Breton homes, mothers, wives, sisters
-and sweethearts mourn with proud resignation the lads who will
-not return. Neither is it possible to obtain a complete list of
-decorations awarded. The summary that follows has been compiled
-from incomplete, unofficial sources:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>14</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Bar to M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>15</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>79</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Bar to M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>10</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.S.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Despatches</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Croix de Guerre</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The undermentioned N.C.O.’s and men obtained commissions:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sergt. G. McL. Matheson (Major, 25th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.S.O., M.C., M.M., Despatches.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pte. Jas. A. Anderson (Capt., 85th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Corp. C. J. Oram (Lieut., 25th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Corp. D. A. Livingstone (Lieut., 25th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Corp. K. Morrison (Lieut., Can. Eng.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.M. and Bar.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pte. Thos. Toone (Lieut., Can. Eng.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C., D.C.M., M.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>C. S.-M. R. Roberts (Lieut., 25th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.C.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pte. J. R. Burchell (Capt., 85th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C. and Bar.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pte. H. N. McNeil (Capt., 85th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pte. W. V. McKinnon (Lieut., 25th Bn.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pte. M. Gray (Capt., Can. Eng.)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C., M.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_267'>267</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'><em>94th VICTORIA REGIMENT, ARGYLL HIGHLANDERS</em></h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>Under the reorganization scheme of the Canadian Militia the
-94th Regiment is wiped off the slate and is succeeded by the 1st
-Battalion, Cape Breton Highlanders (85th Battalion, C.E.F.). The
-officers, N.C.O.’s and men of the old Regiment, who served in it for
-years before the fateful summer of 1914, cannot view its passing
-without a certain measure of sadness and regret. The spirit of
-comradeship that existed among all ranks encouraged them to carry
-on through many difficulties in years of peace and enabled them at
-a few hours’ notice to proceed in full strength to their allotted
-stations, on the declaration of war.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Inspired by the Regiment’s ancient motto, “<span lang="gd" xml:lang="gd">Dileas d’on
-Bhrataich</span>” (“True to the Flag”), every man who was physically
-fit, and many who were not, volunteered for service Overseas.
-They did their duty nobly and gave their country a full and overflowing
-measure of splendid service. The memory of our comrades
-whose mortal remains sleep in the stricken fields of France and
-Flanders will be held in affectionate recollection as long as life lasts.
-Of them the soldier poet of Nova Scotia, Dr. J. D. Logan, a sergeant
-of the 85th Battalion, who served with many officers and men
-transferred to that Unit from the 94th, writes:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line in4'>“They gave the All that men can give;</div>
-      <div class='line in4'>They gave themselves that men might live,</div>
-      <div class='line'>They are Christ’s heroes. Lo, on their brows Love’s diadem!</div>
-      <div class='line'>O God of Righteous Battles, let it be well with them.”</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_268'>268</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXVII.<br /> <em>THE COMPOSITE BATTALION.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The Composite Battalion was formed at Halifax from Companies
-drawn from the Militia Regiments of Nova Scotia,
-New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island to replace the
-Royal Canadian Regiment, which was transferred to Bermuda
-shortly after the outbreak of hostilities.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_268.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. H. L. CHIPMAN.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Companies consisting of three officers and fifty-six other ranks
-were supplied by the 67th, 69th, 71st,
-74th, 75th, 76th, 82nd and 93rd Regiments,
-and arrived at Halifax on September
-8th and 9th, 1914, taking over at
-once garrison duties from the 66th Regiment,
-P.L.F., which proceeded to York
-Redoubt for outpost duty.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following guards were furnished:
-Quarter Guard, Wellington Barracks;
-Gun Wharf; King’s Wharf; Lumber
-Yard; Station Hospital; Grain Elevator;
-North Ordnance; Dry Dock; Richmond
-Pier and Rockhead Hospital. Weekly
-Guards were also mounted at Fort Clarence, Fort Cambridge, Fort
-Ogilvie and Point Pleasant Battery.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion was commanded by Lieut.-Col. A. E. Carpenter,
-R.C.R., with Capt. M. E. Roscoe as Adjutant:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Company officers were:—“A” Company (67th Regiment)—Capt.
-C. G. McLaughlin, later transferred to 64th Battalion,
-C.E.F.; Lieut. C. Rideout, 145th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. C. E.
-Williams, 55th Battalion, C.E.F. “B” Company (69th Regiment)—Major
-Whitman, resigned and replaced by Capt. M. S. Parker,
-112th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. S. McNeil; Lieut. J. C. Willett,
-165th Battalion, C.E.F. “C” Company (71st Regiment)—Capt.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_269'>269</span>H. Woodbridge, 55th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. C. A. Good, R.F.C.;
-Lieut. B. Wade, resigned and replaced by Lieut. F. Fitzpatrick,
-55th Battalion, C.E.F. “D” Company (74th Regiment)—Capt.
-S. S. Wetmore, 55th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. J. A. Sproul, resigned;
-Lieut. M. P. Gillis, 112th Battalion, C.E.F. “E” Company
-(75th Regiment)—Capt. W. L. Whitford, 25th Battalion, C.E.F.;
-Capt. A. Berringer, resigned; Lieut. C. C. Morash, 112th Battalion,
-C.E.F. “F” Company (76th Regiment)—Capt. H. Dickie, resigned
-and replaced by Capt. W. H. J. Moxsom, 106th Battalion, C.E.F.;
-Lieut. O. G. Heard, 106th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. C. Major, 40th
-Battalion, C.E.F. “G” Company (82nd Regiment)—Major F.
-Boulter, later transferred to 105th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. A.
-McLeod, 105th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. G. E. Full, 40th Battalion,
-C.E.F. “H” Company (93rd Regiment)—Major G. R. Oulton;
-Capt. J. N. McDonald, 106th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. D. Anderson.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to the duties already enumerated, Guard was
-mounted over prisoners of war at the Citadel and at the Detention
-Barracks, Melville Island. The prisoners were German officers
-and men captured on the high seas, with a sprinkling of civilians,
-some of whom were found on captured ships; others were residents
-of Canada whom it was found necessary to intern.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In March, 1915, the Interment Station at Amherst was opened,
-and two and one-half Companies under command of Major G. R.
-Oulton, with Capt. J. N. McDonald, Lieuts. Davidson and Sproul,
-were sent there, and were replaced by one Company from each of
-the following Regiments:—78th Regiment—Capt. J. A. McKenzie,
-later transferred to 85th Battalion, C.E.F.; Capt. J. R. Maxwell,
-106th Battalion, C.E.F. 81st Regiment—Capt. E. S. Doering;
-Lieut. J. H. Wallace, 64th Battalion, C.E.F., killed in action; Lieut.
-W. W. Slack, 40th Battalion, C.E.F. 93rd Regiment—Capt. J. A.
-McPherson, 106th Battalion, C.E.F.; Lieut. P. Boucher, 165th
-Battalion, C.E.F.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. E. W. Joy reported for duty to replace Lieut. C. S. Major,
-transferred to 40th Battalion, and assumed the duties of Fortress
-Intelligence Officer. Other officers on duty were Major F. S.
-Heffernan (93rd), Quartermaster; Lieut. Keith Rogers (C.S.C.),
-Signalling Officer; and Lieut. R. Innes (81st), Musketry Instructor,
-afterwards O.C. 106th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_270'>270</span>Previous to July, 1916, each Company Commander had his own
-account with the District Paymaster and was responsible for all payments
-to his officers and men. When the Battalion was recognized
-as a Unit it was allowed a Paymaster. Capt. H. B. Verge received
-the appointment and retained it until transferred to the Nova Scotia
-Forestry Battalion in June, 1917, when Capt. W. S. Brignell took
-over his duties.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Battalion suffered considerably in the explosion of December
-6, 1917, losing six men killed and 87 per cent. of the N.C.O.’s and
-men injured. One officer and two N.C.O.’s died in hospital from
-injuries received. The more serious injuries were received by men
-on guard at Richmond Pier, North Ordnance and Dry Dock. All
-the men killed, excepting one, who was killed in the barrack room,
-were members of these Guards. A snowstorm with high wind
-which raged for thirty-six hours after the explosion made the
-barracks almost untenable, as windows and doors were gone and no
-fires could be laid until the chimneys were inspected. The morale
-of the men was good during this period. Many N.C.O.’s and men
-had their families living near the barracks, a large number of whom
-were killed and injured.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first draft of one hundred men from the Composite
-Battalion was sent Overseas in January, 1916, under command of
-Lieuts. W. S. Brown and O. Thorne. A second draft of fifty-six
-men, under command of Lieut. W. R. Clark, sailed on June 26,
-1916. A number of men were transferred to the R.C.R. Base
-Depot from time to time and were included in Overseas drafts sent
-by that Unit.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the Military Service Act came in force in 1918, 125
-men in the Composite Battalion, who came under its provisions,
-were sent Overseas. The remainder were transferred to the 6th
-Battalion, Canadian Garrison Regiment. All the senior officers
-were transferred to their Militia Units, with the exception of Major
-J. E. Morse, who was transferred to the 6th Battalion, C.G.R.
-The junior officers were transferred to the Depot Battalion, 1st
-Nova Scotia Regiment, excepting Lieut. W. H. Whidden and Lieut.
-I. C. Banks, who were taken on the strength of No. 6 District
-Depot and appointed respectively O.C. Casualty Company and Discharge
-Section.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_271'>271</span>The following officers were on duty when the Unit was disbanded:—Lieut.-Col.
-H. L. Chipman, Officer Commanding; Major
-G. R. Oulton, Second in Command; Major E. K. Eaton, R.C.R.,
-Adjutant; Lieut. W. B. Arthur, Assistant Adjutant; Capt. W. W.
-Brignell, Paymaster; Major F. S. Heffernan, Quartermaster;
-Major D. G. Mossmain, O.C. “A” Company; Major F. Boulter,
-O.C. “B” Company; Major J. E. Morse, O.C. “C” Company;
-Capt. G. L. Whidden, O.C. “D” Company; Capt. S. L. McNiel,
-Lieut. W. L. Coleman, Lieut. R. J. Colwell, Lieut. H. C. Crosby,
-Lieut. C. McLellan, Lieut. J. R. Campbell, Lieut. W. E. Mitchell,
-Lieut. W. H. Whidden, Lieut. I. C. Banks.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Other officers who had served with the Battalion in 1916 and
-1917 were as follows:—Lieut. C. A. Vaughan, later transferred to
-106th and resigned; Capt. A. Stirling, 145th; Lieut. W. Ross, 38th
-Battalion; Lieut. S. Rogers, R.C.R.; Lieut. St. C. Stayner, unattached;
-Lieut. S. Bradford, R.F.C.; Lieut. H. F. Arthur,
-R.N.A.S.; Lieut. R. Asher, R.F.C.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following officers of the R.C.R. also served: As Adjutant,
-Lieut. G. L. P. Grant Suttie, who replaced Capt. M. E. Roscoe,
-transferred to the 219th Battalion, being later relieved by Capt.
-V. W. S. Heron, who in turn was relieved by Major Eaton.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_272'>272</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXVIII.<br /> <em>THE 1st DEPOT BATTALION NOVA SCOTIA REGIMENT.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_272.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. H. FLOWERS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>This Unit was authorized on September 25, 1917, for the
-purpose of looking after the draftees under the Military
-Service Act. Lieut.-Col. H. Flowers, formerly of the 64th
-and 25th Battalions, C.E.F., was appointed to command, with
-Lieut.-Col. D. S. Bauld, 25th, Second in Command. The original
-officers of this Unit were all officers with
-service at the Front in France, invalided
-home, and unable to return on account of
-various disabilities. It was due to this
-experience that they were able to handle
-this Unit, which eventually reached the
-proportions of a Brigade with credit to the
-Province of Nova Scotia and themselves.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The strength of a Battalion is roughly
-1,000 all ranks, and at times the strength
-of the 1st Depot Battalion, Nova Scotia
-Regiment, reached over 5,000.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The original senior officers were:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major F. L. Stephens</td>
-    <td class='c018'>64th and 14th</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major O. G. Heard</td>
-    <td class='c018'>106th and 87th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major W. McPherson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>112th and 87th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major G. L. Mott</td>
-    <td class='c018'>64th and 13th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major Stanley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Later the following were attached:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major Inman</td>
-    <td class='c018'>105th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major W. Grant</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut.-Col. N. H. Parsons</td>
-    <td class='c018'>246th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Adjutant, Captain Simpson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Paymaster, Capt. Geo. Farish</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Quartermaster, Capt. W. St.C. Ingraham</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_273'>273</span>From time to time new officers who had not seen Overseas
-service were attached, and these were sent Overseas with drafts as
-soon as they could be gotten ready.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The real work of the Unit commenced about February 1, 1918,
-because quarters for mobilization were not available earlier, on
-account of the destruction of property caused by the Halifax explosion
-in December, 1917. The work was carried on at the Armories,
-Halifax, under most trying conditions. “A” Company was
-quartered at Charlottetown to take care of the Prince Edward Island
-draftees, and remained there doing this work until demobilized.
-“B” Company was moved to Amherst early in March, 1918, remaining
-there until May 16th, when it joined the Battalion at
-Aldershot, Nova Scotia, the Companies in barracks at Halifax
-having moved to Aldershot on May 13th.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From that date the work of the Unit was extremely strenuous.
-Draftees were ordered in at the rate of 250 daily, and the Camp
-soon assumed the appearance of a Brigade. The men were medically
-examined, inoculated, vaccinated, and their dental troubles
-administered to. They were clothed, trained, and when they had
-become sufficiently expert to form fours, were equipped and sent
-to England to complete the training so well begun here.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Unit dealt with all men coming under the Military Service
-Act, who were either ordered to report or were arrested for some
-default under the Act, and in this way about 14,000 men passed
-through the files of the Unit. Of course, there was considerable
-shrinkage, because many did not come up to the necessary physical
-standard, and because others became casualties. In all some 5,000
-recruits were sent Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The largest draft was one of 1,700. This draft paraded at
-8 p.m. on August 3, 1918; the roll was called, documents checked,
-etc. The men were then dismissed and ordered to parade and
-entrain at 4.30 a.m. on August 4th. Every man of the 1,700 answered
-the roll call but one. He was late for parade but in time to
-entrain. His excuse was that he had been married after being
-dismissed the night previous. Under the circumstances the O.C.
-forgave his tardiness. This was the last draft to be sent. The
-War in Europe began to take on a more cheerful aspect; the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_274'>274</span>farmers and fishermen were required for harvesting, etc., and some
-leave was given.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In September the Unit moved back to the Halifax Common for
-winter quarters. November 11th the Armistice was signed, and
-almost immediately the welcome order to demobilize was received.
-By March, 1919, all the affairs of the Unit were a matter of history.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_275'>275</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XXXIX.<br /> <em>“B” UNIT, M.H.C.C.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>In the spring of 1915, when the casualties of the Canadian Overseas
-Forces commenced returning to Canada, the best methods
-of dealing with them had to be considered. The first men to
-return were not for medical treatment. They were dealt with by
-the Discharge Depots at Halifax and Quebec. At these points the
-men received their discharge from the army, their tickets to their
-homes, a suit of civilian clothes, and the balance of pay due to them.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Towards the fall of 1915 the sick and wounded commenced
-returning, at first in small numbers; and they were also dealt with
-by the Discharge Depots. Those not requiring further medical
-treatment were discharged and sent to their homes, with three
-months’ pay, paid in three monthly instalments. Those who required
-further medical treatment were also discharged, but were
-sent to the Convalescent Home nearest to their homes. These Convalescent
-Homes were small, and most of them were placed at the
-disposal of the Government by private individuals. They were all
-equipped by the Red Cross, I.O.D.E., and other local societies
-organized throughout Canada by the women of Canada. In the
-autumn of 1915 the Military Hospitals Commission was created,
-with authority to accept and administer these Homes. The powers
-of this Commission were almost unlimited as to their control,
-administration, and creation of Hospitals and Convalescent Homes
-for the treatment of Canada’s troops returning from Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the spring of 1916 the sick and wounded returned in great
-numbers, and the Military Hospitals Commission having foreseen
-this, was well prepared to receive them, having provided large
-Hospital and Convalescent Home accommodation throughout
-Canada from coast to coast.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The question now before the Government was how were the
-men to be kept under discipline in these Hospitals and Convalescent
-Homes when the men were no longer soldiers, having received their
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_276'>276</span>discharge from the army when passing through the Discharge
-Depots at ports of arrival. It was finally decided that those who
-required further medical treatment would not receive their discharge
-on arrival, but would be forwarded to the Hospital
-or Convalescent Home nearest to their homes and these men
-would receive their discharge from the army when their medical
-treatment was brought to a finality.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_276.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MAJOR J. F. TAYLOR.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>To take charge of the administration
-and discipline of these men, in the
-various Hospitals and Homes throughout
-the country, the Military Hospitals
-Commission Command was created in
-June, 1916, “B” Unit being the Unit
-charged with the administration of the
-Hospitals and Homes throughout the
-Maritime Provinces. The Officer Commanding
-this Unit during the whole
-period of its existence—two years—was
-Major J. F. Taylor, of Halifax, an
-officer who had done excellent service in
-the Pay Branch, and who was selected to command the Maritime
-Province Unit on account of his tact and business knowledge.
-Major Taylor organized and administered the affairs of “B” Unit
-in a highly efficient manner at all times, showing great sympathy
-to the men under his command. Owing to his great tact and
-business ability, the Unit was second to none in Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The duties performed by “B” Unit were manifold. Military
-discipline was adopted to a certain extent in all M.H.C.C. Institutions,
-but had to be administered with regard to circumstances.
-The officers saw only the aftermath of the terrible cataclysm
-enacted “over there,” and their hearts were absorbed in the work
-of repairing broken humanity.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The personnel of the Staff of “B” Unit on March 1, 1917, was
-as follows:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Major J. F. Taylor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Officer Commanding.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. C. M. Mosher</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Adjutant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. F. A. R. Gow</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Medical Officer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Captain Clarke</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Quartermaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. A. A. Peachy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Paymaster.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_277'>277</span>On November 1, 1917, Capt. C. M. Mosher resigned as Adjutant
-and Capt. Walter Whitford was appointed to that office and carried
-on until “B” Unit was dissolved. In November, 1917, Capt. H. C.
-Sircom, a returned officer, was appointed Paymaster to succeed
-Capt. Peachy, who had been transferred to the Discharge Depot
-Command.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Hospitals and Convalescent Homes that were turned over to
-“B” Unit by the Military Hospital Commission consisted of the
-following:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>The Parks Convalescent Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c018'>St. John, N.B.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Ross Convalescent Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Sydney, N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Clayton Convalescent Home</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Halifax, N.S.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Dalton Sanitarium</td>
-    <td class='c018'>North Wiltshire, P.E.I.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Ross Military Convalescent Home was presented to the
-M.H.C.C. by Commander and Mrs. J. K. L. Ross, of Sydney, C.B.,
-on June 1, 1915.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_277.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. WALTER WHITFORD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The personnel in each of these Hospitals were transferred to
-the M.H.C.C., and, with the exception of a few minor transfers,
-carried on in the same efficient manner that had characterized them
-from the organization of the M.H.C.C. By
-constructing and taking over other large
-buildings, the M.H.C.C. soon made adequate
-arrangements for dealing with the
-large number of soldiers returning from
-Overseas. Pier 2 having been taken
-over by the Militia Department for a
-Clearing Hospital, it was transferred to
-the M.H.C.C., February 15, 1917. Necessary
-alterations delayed the opening of
-this Hospital until April 1, 1917. Its
-worth as a Hospital was well demonstrated
-both while under the command of
-the M.H.C.C. and later under the command of the Clearing Services.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Pine Hill Presbyterian Theological College, Halifax, was taken
-over by the M.H.C.C. as a Convalescent Hospital on March 1, 1917,
-and Capt. M. S. Hunt was placed in charge, with Major Philip
-Weatherbe, Senior Medical Officer, and Capt. John Cameron, Resident
-Medical Officer. Capt. Dexter McCurdy was also a member
-of the Medical Staff but was transferred on Overseas service in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_278'>278</span>August, 1918. This Hospital, situated as it was, on the shores of
-the Northwest Arm, Halifax, proved a great boon to the returned
-convalescent soldiers. Its location adjoining Point Pleasant Park
-was an ideal one for the care and comfort of convalescent soldiers.
-There was an abundance of pure air, shady trees, and pleasant
-walks, and though quite removed from Halifax City and its noisy
-traffic, it was still sufficiently near to permit men able to walk to
-get a tram car running into the city, where they could enjoy a few
-hours with friends at a theatre or elsewhere. At the rear of the
-Home the waters of the Northwest Arm gave the men ample
-opportunity for boating, bathing and various other water sports, of
-which they took full advantage during the summer months. It is
-the unanimous opinion of the returned soldiers that Pine Hill was
-the <em>Ideal</em> Convalescent Hospital in Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In May, 1917, the Moxham Convalescent Hospital at Sydney,
-C.B., was opened, with Major F. O’Neil in command. Major
-O’Neil who had been in command of the Ross Convalescent Home
-from December, 1916, was an efficient officer and discharged his
-duties in a very satisfactory manner.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the latter part of July, 1916, an arrangement was made
-with Dr. F. A. Miller, of the Kentville Sanitarium, to deal with
-tuberculosis patients; for a great number of the men returning
-from Overseas were pronounced tubercular. Within a very few
-days Kentville Sanitarium was full of patients, and although from
-time to time large additions were built to the Sanitarium, it was
-always taxed to its utmost capacity. In fact during the summer of
-1917, many hospital tents were erected on the Sanitarium grounds,
-for the accommodation of tubercular patients, and when autumn
-with its cold winds became too severe, many patients had to be sent
-to their own homes, to be treated until room was available at the
-Sanitarium, when they were recalled. Great credit is due to Dr.
-Miller for the splendid manner in which he dealt with the patients
-under his control. Capt. A. G. Forster, a returned officer, was in
-charge of Administration and Discipline of the Kentville Sanitarium
-and was a conscientious, hard-working officer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On July 1, 1917, “B” Unit had on its strength 1,886 officers
-and other ranks all receiving medical treatment. About 50 per cent.
-of this number were out-patients, with home leave. These men
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_279'>279</span>were recalled to the Hospital from time to time as their physical
-condition demanded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About this time New Brunswick became a separate Military
-District, and it was decided to organize a separate M.H.C.C. Unit
-for New Brunswick. This was accordingly done, and the transfer
-of men and documents was completed in July, 1917.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the early spring of 1917 construction work was begun on a
-Convalescent Hospital at Camp Hill, Halifax, and by October 1,
-1917, the building was completed sufficiently to receive patients.
-This hospital was fitted up with all modern medical appliances and
-proved a Godsend to the people of Halifax, when on December
-6, 1917, the city was shocked by the terrific explosion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the opening of Camp Hill Hospital, Lieutenant Blackwood
-was placed in charge by the M.H.C.C. and Major (now Lieut.-Col.)
-C. Morris was Senior Medical Officer. An efficient Staff was soon
-organized which carried on until the Hospital was transferred to
-the A.M.C. on December 6, 1917. Immediately after the explosion
-all patients able to walk were given home leave and the Hospital
-and Staff complete was turned over to the Medical Relief Commission
-for the purpose of dealing with the sufferers of the explosion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The writer of this article has visited Casualty Clearing Hospitals
-in Flanders on “Clearing Day” but never has he seen such human
-suffering as he saw at Camp Hill Hospital when he walked into the
-Hospital at 4 p.m. on December 6, 1917. The Hospital at Pier 2,
-also the offices of the M.H.C.C. were destroyed by the explosion.
-The Hospital was quickly rebuilt, but the offices were removed to
-Leith House, Hollis Street, Halifax, and these offices were retained
-until the Unit was disbanded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On March 31, 1918, the Military Hospitals Commission Command
-was disbanded by an Order-in-Council. The military end of
-the work was taken over by No. 6 District Depot, and the civilian
-end by the D.S.C.R. Final transfer of all equipment and records,
-etc., of the M.H.C.C. to No. 6 District Depot was effected on April
-18, 1918.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_280'>280</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XL.<br /> <em>ACADIA UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>In common with other universities in the Empire, Acadia emptied
-her halls when the call to duty came. Her ideals had always
-been those directly opposed to war, but to carry out these
-ideals, it was necessary to participate in it. Between six and seven
-hundred Acadia men and women enlisted. There was no definite
-Unit formed by the Acadia men, but they were found in all departments
-of the service. Sixty were in the Nova Scotia Highland
-Brigade, mostly in “D” Company, 219th Battalion; and their
-Platoon, number 13, won the Brigade trophy for efficiency. Ten
-students left Acadia at one time with the 4th Universities Company
-Reinforcements, Princess Patricia Canadian Light Infantry. The
-attendance at the University was cut down to about one half, notwithstanding
-the fact that the number of young women remained
-constant. The Freshman class was unusually large, but as soon as
-the age of eighteen was reached, practically no fit man remained.
-Of the Acadia students, sixty-three lost their lives in service, sixty-two
-young men and one young woman.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>We have no definite figures concerning honors, but about eighty
-were conferred on Acadia men, one of which was the coveted
-Victoria Cross, the only one awarded to a college man in the
-Maritime Provinces, and, in fact, the only one awarded to a Maritime
-Province Unit. One of our Acadia men had the distinction
-of being the youngest Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army,
-commanding the 10th Alberta when twenty-six years of age. He
-received the D.S.O. and two Bars, the Military Cross, was five
-times mentioned in dispatches, and was recommended for the
-Victoria Cross. The only colored chaplain in the British Army
-was an Acadia man. In addition to those who enlisted in the
-Canadian Expeditionary Force, we had a number who enlisted with
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_281'>281</span>the Americans, and still others who enlisted with the British, all
-of whom gave splendid account of themselves.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the War broke out, there was a branch of the C.O.T.C.
-at Acadia, but it went out of business early because practically every
-member enlisted. The officer in charge of the C.O.T.C. for Military
-District No. 6 told me that a larger number of C.O.T.C. men went
-from Acadia than from any other Maritime University. Since the
-War, many students have returned to the University to complete
-their work, and, without exception, they are making excellent records.
-Acadia has offered one year’s free tuition to returned men,
-being the only university in Canada to do that.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1919, the returned men at Acadia met, and, after consultation,
-decided that something should be done in the way of a Memorial for
-those who had given their lives in the War. The suggestion was
-made that this memorial should take the form of a Gymnasium,
-typifying the splendid physical condition, the manly vigor, and
-sporting spirit of the boys who went Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1914 our Gymnasium had been destroyed by fire, and a committee
-of eight young men had been appointed to raise funds for a
-new Gymnasium. Of these eight, six had dropped the burden of
-responsibility of the Gymnasium and had gone to war, one of whom
-was killed at Passchendaele. It seemed most fitting that their work
-should be carried out by those who were left, and the next of kin
-of all those who had given their lives were consulted, and agreed to
-the proposal.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As a result, this Gymnasium is now in process of construction,
-and will be a building in every way suitable as a Memorial for those
-boys who have fallen. On May 26, 1920, General Sir Arthur W.
-Currie, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., D.S.O., formerly Commander of the
-Canadian Corps in France, laid the corner stone of the new Gymnasium
-and delivered an address on that occasion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While we feel that Acadia’s part in the War was no more than
-it should have been, we are justly proud of the willing sacrifice, the
-ready response, and the splendid record made by our Acadia men.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_282'>282</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLI.<br /> <em>DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The activities of Dalhousie University in connection with the
-Great War may be considered under the following headings,
-(1) The Activities of the C.O.T.C.; (2) The Dalhousie
-University Stationary Hospital No. 7, C.E.F.; (3) Activities of the
-Staff; (4) Independent Undergraduate Enlistment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>The Officers’ Training Corps.</span>—Great Britain was forced to
-declare war on Germany on August 4, 1914; so that when the
-University session of 1914 opened, it was under war conditions.
-The earliest corporate war effort of Dalhousie University was a
-mass meeting in the Law Library, held on October 16, 1914, for
-the purpose of taking steps to form an O.T.C. The chair was
-taken by Earle C. Phinney, at that time President of the Council
-of Students. The meeting, which was most enthusiastic, was addressed
-by President Mackenzie, G. S. Campbell, Chairman of the
-Board of Governors, and by Major W. E. Thompson, Secretary of
-the Board. It was ultimately agreed to ask Major Thompson to
-organize an O.T.C.; and all those willing to co-operate were invited
-to sign the roll. Ninety-two names were given in at once on the
-conclusion of the meeting; of these, five were whole-time Professors.
-Drill began at once in the South End Rink, Sergeant-Major
-Graham of the Permanent Staff being instructor.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Some of the original officers were:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Major W. E. Thompson, O.C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. D. Fraser Harris, Adjutant.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. Murray MacNeill.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. D. A. MacRae.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. George Henderson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Capt. A. W. Cogswell.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Each was in command of a Platoon.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_283'>283</span>Alumni and business men interested were permitted to join, and
-there was so much activity in the autumn of 1914 that by the middle
-of December the Corps was ready to be inspected by General Sir
-Sam Hughes, Minister of Militia. The inspection took place on
-December 18th in the South End Skating Rink. The maximum
-strength during the first winter session was close on 200. On May
-4, 1915, the Corps was inspected by General Rutherford, commanding
-the Garrison. Lectures continued well on into the summer of
-1915.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>By the session of 1916 Professor John Cameron, of London,
-had been appointed to the Campbell Memorial Chair of Anatomy in
-Dalhousie University, and having had a considerable amount of
-military experience both with the Volunteer Artillery in Scotland
-and with Infantry Volunteers in England, was well qualified to take
-command of the O.T.C., Major Thompson, as Lieutenant-Colonel,
-having been appointed to the Headquarters Staff as A.A.G. of
-Military District No. 6. This Professor Cameron did with the rank
-of Major, and retained the command and gave most of the systematic
-instruction during the remainder of the existence of the Corps. By
-arrangement with Colonel Papineau, commanding the R.S.I., candidates
-for commissions were examined at Wellington Barracks. In
-this way a considerable number of members of the O.T.C. obtained
-commissions and were enabled to proceed Overseas with the various
-Units which were being formed as the War progressed. No less
-than seven officers who had passed through the D.U.C.O.T.C. went
-Overseas with the 219th Battalion of the Nova Scotia Highland
-Brigade. Practically every able-bodied male student was a member
-of the O.T.C. during the first winter session; and no less than
-twenty-five members of it were students from the affiliated Presbyterian
-College at Pine Hill.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The session of 1916–17 was a very strenuous one. Drill took
-place in the evenings at the newly-erected Market Building at the
-head of Duke Street, Major Cameron superintending the drill and
-also giving lectures either there or in the rooms of the Board of
-Trade. During each winter firing practice was systematically carried
-out at the miniature ranges erected in the Engineering Laboratory
-of the Technical College. In March, 1917, the Corps was inspected
-in the Market Building by Major Cooper of the R.S.I. The O.T.C.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_284'>284</span>is still in existence ready to become active again as soon as the
-University is in possession of a drill hall.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>Stationary Hospital Unit.</span>—The origin of No. 7 Stationary
-Hospital was the desire of the Medical Faculty of the University to
-serve their country in the Great War. Early in September, 1914,
-an offer was made to provide the personnel of a Casualty Clearing
-Station; this offer was renewed in the spring of 1915, but the
-Federal Government was not at that time in a position to accept it.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was very generally felt that the only School of Medicine in
-the Maritime Provinces ought to have a representation on the
-Canadian Expeditionary Force. Those who were the most active
-in renewing the offer were Major George M. Campbell, Major C. V.
-Hogan, and Capts. J. R. Corston, M. A. MacAulay, L. M. Murray
-and F. V. Woodbury. The Government accepted the offer on
-September 27, 1915. On November 1st, the old Medical College
-building was occupied as rooms for headquarters, and enlistment
-and training began. On December 16th the Unit was inspected by
-General Benson, G.O.C., and by Col. J. A. Grant, A.D.M.S., Military
-District No. 6. On December 31st the Hospital sailed from St.
-John, N.B., on <em>H.M.S. Metagama</em>, arriving at Plymouth on January
-10, 1916. On February 5th the Unit took over Shorncliffe Military
-Hospital, and on June 18, 1916, embarked for France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The personnel of the Dalhousie Hospital Unit was made up as
-follows: O.C., Lieut.-Colonel John Stewart, Majors E. V. Hogan
-and L. M. Murray, Capts. M. A. MacAulay, V. N. MacKay, K. A.
-MacKenzie, E. K. MacLellan, S. J. MacLennan, D. A. MacLeod,
-J. A. Murray, John Rankine, Frank V. Woodbury, Karl F. Woodbury,
-Lieut. S. R. Halcom, Lieut, and Quartermaster Walter
-Taylor. The Matron was Miss L. M. Hubley, and there were
-twenty-six nursing sisters. Of all other ranks there were one
-hundred and twenty-three men. Sixteen additional men were taken
-on at Shorncliffe, England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Unit arrived home from active service early in the morning
-of St. George’s Day, 1919, on the <em>S.S. Belgic</em>; in the evening they
-were entertained at dinner at the Green Lantern in Halifax. Col.
-John Stewart who returned a little later was entertained at a dinner
-given in his honor on June 20, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_285'>285</span><span class='sc'>Activities of the Staff</span>: I. <em>The Faculty of Arts and Science.</em>—The
-only full-time Professor in the Senate to go Overseas on active
-service was Professor James Eadie Todd, M.A., who saw service
-with the B.E.F. in India and in Mesopotamia. Professor Todd,
-who remained with the troops until the end of the War, did not
-return to Dalhousie University. Professor Howard Murray, LL.D.,
-during the first year of the War, was a member of the O.T.C.
-Professor MacNeill during the first year of the War had command
-of a Platoon in the O.T.C. Professor J. N. Finlayson, M.Sc.,
-entered the O.T.C. at its formation and qualified for a commission
-in the infantry. Mr. J. W. Logan, M.A., went Overseas as Captain
-in the 25th Canadian Infantry Battalion, attained his majority in
-June, 1916, and.saw service in France until the end of the War.
-The Rev. H. A. Kent, M.A., D.D., having passed through the O.T.C.
-obtained his Captain’s commission on March 1, 1916, and went
-Overseas as a combatant in the 219th Battalion of the Nova Scotia
-Highlanders. Captain Kent saw service until September, 1917,
-when he was transferred to the Chaplain Service, in which he acted
-as Adjutant. He was also engaged in educational work in London
-until he returned to Canada in May, 1919. Mr. Harry Dean,
-Examiner in Music, had command of a Platoon in the O.T.C., and
-qualified for a commission in the infantry.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>II. <em>The Faculty of Law.</em>—The Dean of the Faculty of Law,
-Professor D. A. MacRae, Ph.D., joined the O.T.C. and had command
-of a Platoon during the first session. Mr. John E. Read,
-B.C.L. (Oxon.), B.A. (Dal.), Rhodes Scholar, Lecturer on Real
-Property, enlisted in the 25th Battalion in November, 1914, but was
-immediately transferred to the Canadian Field Artillery, and took
-an officer’s training course at the Royal School of Artillery, Kingston.
-In February, 1915, Mr. Read joined the 23rd Battery of the
-C.F.A. at Fredericton and immediately proceeded Overseas. In
-July he was transferred to the Divisional Artillery (1st Canadian
-Division) and served in the 4th, 8th and 26th Batteries as Lieutenant,
-being promoted to the rank of Captain in July, 1916, on his
-transference to the 27th Battery. While Captain Read was Acting-Major
-he was wounded in January, 1917. From May, 1917, to
-March, 1918, he was Senior Gunnery Instructor at the Canadian
-School of Gunnery, being invalided to Canada in April, 1918.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_286'>286</span>Captain Read was mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig’s dispatches in
-June, 1917.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>III. <em>Faculty of Medicine.</em>—After Professor Cameron relinquished
-the command of the O.T.C. he reverted to the rank of
-Captain, and entering the C.A.M.C. became Resident Physician of
-the Military Hospital which had been installed in the Presbyterian
-College at Pine Hill, Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Professor A. G. Nicholls, who attained the rank of Major,
-entered the C.A.M.C. as Captain and discharged the duties of Chief
-Bacteriologist, Serologist and Sanitary Officer for the Halifax
-Garrison. Dr. W. H. Hattie, with rank of Captain, saw service
-with the C.A.M.C. in Halifax. Professor Fraser Harris, with rank
-of Captain, acted as Adjutant to the O.T.C. as long as that Corps
-remained in activity. The governors could not see their way to
-granting his request for leave of absence for Overseas service.
-Besides addressing recruiting meetings, Professor Harris gave
-courses of instruction in First Aid, under the auspices of the St.
-John Ambulance Association, to large classes of men, both in the
-service and to civilians, to women students and to cadets.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following members of the Staff gave their services in the
-C.A.M.C. in connection with the Halifax Garrison: Colonels George
-M. Campbell and M. A. Curry; Capts. W. Bruce Almon, M. J.
-Carney, J. S. Corston, J. F. Lawlor, G. A. Macintosh, Philip
-Weatherbe and Hugh Schwartz.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>IV. <em>The Faculty of Dentistry.</em>—Although the health of the Dean
-of this Faculty, Dr. Frank Woodbury, precluded him from entering
-military service, both his sons were able to go Overseas. The elder,
-Frank Valentine, who at the outbreak of the War was already
-acting D.A.D.M.S. in Military District No. 6, with the rank of
-Captain, was immediately mobilized. This appointment he resigned
-to become Adjutant in the No. 7 Stationary Hospital, C.E.F., in
-1915.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In August, 1916, Captain Woodbury was appointed to No. 3
-Canadian Intrenching Battalion, and in August, 1916, proceeded to
-the Front at Ypres with that Unit. Later he was posted to the
-9th Canadian Field Ambulance, and saw service at Ypres, on the
-Somme, at Vimy and at Loos. Having been promoted, Major
-Woodbury was recalled to headquarters at London for Staff duty.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_287'>287</span>He was ultimately appointed A.D.M.S. with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel,
-returning to Ottawa for duty in November, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Dr. A. W. Cogswell, Professor of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics,
-joined the O.T.C. in November, 1914, and as Captain had
-command of a Platoon.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Dr. George Kerr Thomson, Professor of Crown and Bridgework
-and Ceramics and Oral Hygiene, at the outbreak of the War,
-held the rank of Captain in the 63rd Halifax Rifles. Later he was
-transferred to the C.A.D.C. and appointed Assistant Director of
-Dental Services in Military District No. 6. When, early in 1915,
-Sir Sam Hughes ordered the organization of the C.A.D.C. Major
-Thomson was made First Director of Dental Services. In 1916 the
-Dental Services at Valcartier Camp were organized by Major
-Thomson with the assistance of Captain F. H. Bradley of Military
-District No. 4. Dr. W. W. Woodbury, Professor of Orthodontia,
-who had been appointed Captain in the C.A.D.C. in May,
-1918, proceeded to Aldershot Camp, where as A.D.D.S. for the
-Camp he had charge of all the Dental Services there. In October,
-1918, Dr. Woodbury was posted for special duty at McNab’s
-Island, where he remained until January, 1919, when he was appointed
-to Camp Hill Hospital, to superintend the dental treatment
-of returned soldiers. He remained at this centre until general
-demobilization on November 15, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>Undergraduate Enlistment.</em>—From the very first hour of the
-War, the attention of the undergraduates had been directed to
-joining the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Up to the date of the
-Armistice five hundred and eighty members of the University had
-enlisted for military or naval service, either Overseas or in Canada.
-Of these, sixty-seven are known to have lost their lives, and forty-four
-to have received decorations for distinguished service. Of
-those who were decorated, five lost their lives. The decorations
-are as follows:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>3</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>3, 1 with Bar</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>O.B.E.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>2</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>32, 2 with Bar</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Croix de Guerre</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>These do not include decorations awarded to members of the Staff.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_288'>288</span>The names of those winning the D.S.O. are: John Keeller
-MacKay of Pictou (Law ’13–’15), Colonel and O.C. 22nd Battalion
-6th Howitzer Brigade, B.E.F.  J. Layton Ralston (Law ’02–’03)
-Amherst, Colonel and O.C. of the 85th Battalion, C.E.F. Barry
-Wentworth Roscoe, of Kentville (LL.B. ’04), Major 5th C.M.R.,
-C.E.F.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the outbreak of the War the University had on its books 398
-students, of whom 90 were women. Of the 308 male students of
-the session 1914–15 by the end of the session practically every third
-man had enlisted for military service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>So many students left the Presbyterian Theological College, Pine
-Hill, Halifax, as to make it only the shadow of its former self. In
-the session of 1914–15 as many as twenty-five students from Pine
-Hill were drilling with the O.T.C.; thirteen men from this College
-ultimately saw service Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Of students of Engineering in the session of 1914–15, twenty-one
-were enrolled in the O.T.C.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Of Law students twenty-two were on the roll of the O.T.C.
-during the first session.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One cannot write of what Dalhousie University did in the War
-without a few words as to what she suffered. The only son of the
-Chairman of the Board of Governors, Mr. G. S. Campbell, LL.D.,
-Lieut. George Henderson Campbell, was killed near Ypres in May,
-1916. He had graduated B.A. in the previous May, and was within
-only two days of his 21st birthday. Two Rhodes Scholars lost
-their lives in the Great War, namely: Walter Melville Billman
-(B.A. ’13), Lieut. 1st Middlesex Regiment, B.E.F.; and Harry
-Austin MacCleave (B.A. ’16), Lieut. 13th Montreal Highlanders,
-C.E.F. While the accidental death of the young, the healthy and
-the brave is always a poignant sorrow, the passing of those who are
-also the finest products of the academic culture of their day is a
-catastrophe of the first magnitude.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_289'>289</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLII.<br /> <em>KING’S COLLEGE AND KING’S COLLEGE SCHOOL IN THE WAR.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The University of King’s College at Windsor, N.S., has always
-been small in numbers, but always big in the spirit
-it has displayed and in the type of men it has fostered.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was founded in 1789—the oldest University in the British
-Dominions beyond the Seas—by United Empire Loyalists, by men
-who readily gave up all they possessed in a material sense rather
-than forsake their allegiance to an ideal. It is not surprising
-then that at all times there have been King’s men ready to answer
-the King’s call and that the names of men such as Inglis and
-Welsford are held in special reverence by their <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Alma Mater</span></i>.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The spirit of loyal service and sacrifice that has actuated King’s
-men was at once evident in her sons when the Great Call came in
-1914, and King’s has every reason to be proud of her record of
-loyalty and devotion in the Great War. More than four hundred
-of her sons were at the King’s side during that fierce struggle for
-freedom.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1914 there were at least twelve King’s men, including seven
-Generals, holding commissions in the Imperial Army and the Canadian
-Permanent Forces.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Fourteen volunteers sailed with the First Contingent of the
-Canadian Expeditionary Force, four of whom were killed in action.
-The first King’s man to make the Great Sacrifice was Capt. G. L. B.
-Concanon, who was killed in the Dardanelles Campaign while
-serving with the 2nd Battalion of Australian Infantry.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the Second Contingent were some thirty-five students and
-graduates of the College and a number of “Old Boys” of the
-School.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Amongst the notable enlistments from College during the War
-were the nine who volunteered for service in the Cycle Corps of the
-2nd Contingent, and some twenty, mostly students, who enlisted
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_290'>290</span>together in the 193rd Battalion, Nova Scotia Highland Brigade.
-This latter represented an enlistment of about 50 per cent. of the
-student body then in residence at King’s College and included one
-of her Professors.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the period of the War the largest number of male
-students in attendance at King’s College was forty-eight, and this
-number was reduced to a few physically unfit men in 1917, and yet
-sixty-seven students actually enlisted from the College, and ten of
-them made the supreme sacrifice. In all twenty-three King’s men
-fell in action on the Field of Honor.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>So reduced was the student body that when the Military Service
-Act came into effect there was not one physically fit student left to
-come under the provisions of that Act.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in 1915 a contingent of the Canadian Officers’ Training
-Corps was organized at King’s College under Professor Sturley as
-Officer Commanding, and did very useful work not only amongst
-the students at College, but also amongst the young men of Windsor,
-the seat of King’s College. Its active life, however was short,
-for within about twelve months of its organization practically the
-whole of the personnel of the Corps had enlisted for Overseas
-Service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Amongst the honors gained by King’s men during the War were:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>O. B. Jones</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.S.O.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>J. P. Silver</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.S.O., C.B.E.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>C. Hill</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.S.O.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>C. R. E. Willets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.S.O.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>H. A. Kaulback</td>
-    <td class='c018'>O.B.E.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>A. E. Andrew</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>G. D. Campbell</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>R. H. Morris</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>C. V. Strong</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>C. Campbell</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>W. G. Ernst</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C. and Bar.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>G. B. Murray</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>R. H. Tait</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D. L. Teed</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>P. L. Parlee</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.C.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>W. E. Warburton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.C.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>G. L. Jones</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D.C.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>C. Blanchard</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>T. W. Maynard</td>
-    <td class='c018'>M.M.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>H. R. Poole</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Legion of Honor.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>R. H. Stewart</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Order of St. George of Russia.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>G. F. Mason</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Croix de Guerre.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_291'>291</span>Of the many who distinguished themselves by gallant service,
-whether officially recognized or not, the record of a few of the
-younger generation must suffice as typical of all.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two of the first students to enlist were Edward Jeffery and
-George Mason. They enlisted together in the ranks of the First
-Contingent, 17th Battalion, and went over to France together with
-the 14th Battalion, 1st Canadian Division. For sixteen months
-they fought side by side—all through the terrible winter of 1914–1915
-in the Ypres Salient—and came through that fiery ordeal unscathed.
-They returned to England together for their commissions,
-training together at Crowborough. Mason returned to France
-almost immediately after the course, but Jeffery was taken ill and
-was operated on for appendicitis; and it was not till April, 1918,
-that he was again sent to France. In June, 1918, he joined his new
-Battalion, 16th Canadian Scottish, and found himself posted to a
-Company commanded by Mason, now a Captain. So they were
-together again in France. On the night of the 26th September
-Jeffery received his first wound, but it proved fatal, and the next
-day he was laid to rest at Ligny St. Frochel, near St. Pol. Only four
-days later, on October 1st, his great chum followed, and so these
-two, who for four long years had borne the burden and strife of the
-Great War with what seemed charmed lives, were reunited once
-more in that land where there is no more parting and no more
-strife.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Arthur Leigh Collett, B.A., had left King’s for Oxford as a
-Rhodes Scholar, but at once forsook his work at Oxford and enlisted
-in the Imperial Army. He served in France as a Lieutenant
-with the 8th Gloucesters, and in the autumn of 1915, in the Battle
-of Messines Ridge he was reported missing and later believed
-killed. Others from his Battalion reported missing at the same
-time were later reported as prisoners of war in Germany. There
-is little doubt that Collett fought gallantly facing the odds and
-choosing to meet death rather than to cease for a moment, while
-life lasted, from striving for the ideals of justice and righteousness.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A. B. C. Hilbert was one of the most popular students and
-one of the best athletes at King’s. Enlisting with the Cycle Corps
-he transferred to the Royal Naval Air Service on reaching England.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_292'>292</span>In July, 1917, he wrote: “I am at present resting after a twenty-two
-weeks’ illness due to a little ducking I got in the North Sea.
-I am flying again in August.” In October came the news that he
-had fallen a second time in the North Sea, and now there he rests
-with many other gallant sons of Britain.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Of the others who enlisted with him in the Cycle Corps, Turnbull
-and McCormick rest in soldiers’ graves in Flanders; Crawford died
-in hospital ere he saw the foe; Foster and Parlee are back with us
-at King’s, and though Parlee has lost a leg, his breast is adorned
-with that proud emblem of bravery, the Distinguished Conduct
-Medal; Brittain has recovered from his serious wounds and is serving
-the King of Peace; Harley, Hallett and the rest are giving the
-same good account of themselves that they always gave as loyal
-sons of King’s.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>George Stewart Burchell was one of that little band who enlisted
-together with the 193rd Battalion, Nova Scotia Highland Brigade,
-and joined the 85th Battalion in France. He was one of the most
-promising of the younger sons of King’s, a clever, manly, gentlemanly
-young fellow. He fought for the cause of liberty and right
-and now rests in a soldier’s grave in France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the records of the King’s College Advance Movement is
-the entry, “George Stewart Burchell, killed at the Front, his pay at
-his request, $100.” May King’s never cease to honor the memory
-of this loyal and gallant son.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>W. B. Ernst enlisted as a private in the 193rd Battalion, rose
-to the rank of Captain in the 85th Battalion, and was awarded the
-Military Cross and Bar. Ernst has not rested on his laurels, and
-since his return here has shown that in the field of scholarship, too,
-he will take no second place, and has captured the Rhodes Scholarship
-from the Province of Nova Scotia. King’s will ever have
-reason to be proud of the records of Ernst, so affectionately known
-as “Bill.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Of others whom King’s will always delight to honor may be
-mentioned Capt. D. L. Teed, M.C., and Gunner L. Wilkinson, who
-fell gallantly serving their guns, Lieut. W. E. Warburton, D.CM.,
-rewarded for his bravery in the Dardanelles, Lieut.-Col. C. R. E.
-Willets, D.S.O., the gallant and popular Commanding Officer of
-the R.C.R. in France, and now commanding the famous “Princess
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_293'>293</span>Pats,” Cecil Blanchard, M.M., who was too young to enlist except
-as a bugler, but not too young to show that he came of loyal fighting
-stock; and the Campbell brothers, six of whom saw active service,
-and two of whom, Colin and Kenneth, lie “out there,” somewhere
-in France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Though these records are brief and unworthy may they suffice
-to show that the true spirit of King’s still lives in her sons, and
-that they, as of old, have upheld nobly her best traditions and
-realized in some measure her ideals of service,</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><em>“<span lang="la" xml:lang="la">DEO, LEGI, REGI, GREGI.</span>”</em></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_294'>294</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLIII.<br /> <em>ST. FRANCIS XAVIER UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>In the Great War students, past and present, of St. Francis
-Xavier University served in every branch of the Forces of
-Canada, and in the armies and navies of Great Britain, France
-and America. But it is the especial pride of St. Francis Xavier
-to have furnished a complete Unit, if a small one, of the Canadian
-Expeditionary Forces. The Unit was officially known as No. 9
-Stationary Hospital, C.A.M.C.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This Unit was organized in November, 1915, and was for some
-time quartered in the University itself. It left Canada for the
-United Kingdom in June, 1916, and proceeded to France in November
-of the following year. Till April, 1918, it was stationed at
-St. Omer, but the great German offensive of that spring made
-necessary its withdrawal to Etaples, where it became part of the
-hospital system of the main British base.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the notorious bombardment of May 18, 1918, No. 9 was the
-first hospital to be attacked, and suffered severely. Its premises
-were completely destroyed, and more than forty per cent. of its personnel
-became casualties. Towards the end of 1918, the status of
-the St. Francis Xavier Unit was raised to that of a General
-Hospital. It returned to Canada in July, 1919, and upon the reorganization
-of the Military Forces of Canada, was preserved as an
-integral part of the Active Militia.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>More than three hundred and fifty Xavierians joined the colors.
-Thirty-three were killed, or died on active service. The following
-decorations were won by students or alumni of the University:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>C.M.G.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.S.O.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>11</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>First Bar, M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Second Bar, M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>O.B.E.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>D.C.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>5</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>M.S.M.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_295'>295</span>Three professors of the Faculty of the University saw active
-service in the Canadian, Imperial and American Forces respectively;
-two were severely wounded and one received the Military Cross.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In Canada during the War St. Francis Xavier took a becoming
-part in the forefront of every patriotic activity. A contingent of
-the Canadian Officers’ Training Corps was gazetted in April, 1915.
-Training had hardly been begun when the Corps lost the majority
-of its officers by enlistment and with the numbers of students continually
-dwindling—at one commencement a single individual presented
-himself for graduation—it became impossible to continue
-parades.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In every branch of war work pursued in the neighborhood of
-Antigonish, the locale of the University, the lead was taken by
-members of the Staff of St. Francis Xavier. The chairman of
-the local committee for the Patriotic Fund, the Antigonish County
-Organizer of the Victory Loan Campaign, and the Director of the
-re-establishment activities of the Knights of Columbus over a wide
-area of Eastern Nova Scotia, were professors of the University. In
-connection with the patriotic work of the Knights of Columbus, it
-may be mentioned St. Francis Xavier did its full share in the launching
-of the Dominion-wide campaign, which made it possible for
-this body to perform its splendid services to our troops at the scene
-of war. In brief in St. Francis Xavier, as in all the universities of
-the land, it was the aim of all compelled to “carry on” at home to
-become, by patriotic endeavor and sacrifice, not unworthy of those
-who went from it to fight their country’s and the Empire’s battles.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'><em>Editor’s Note.</em>—No. 9 Stationary Hospital Unit is more fully dealt with
-in Chapter xxvi.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_296'>296</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLIV.<br /> <em>THE PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE AND THE GREAT WAR.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Ministers of the Gospel are the avowed ambassadors of
-the Prince of Peace; and it is so constantly their task to allay
-the passions of the human heart and to preach universal
-love, particularly in their appeals for foreign missions, that many
-people felt that their ideal was at variance with the spirit of war
-and were prepared to find students for the ministry offering for
-other forms of patriotic service than fighting in the line. The
-extraordinary response of theological colleges and of sons of the
-manse all over the Empire showed how mistaken this idea had
-been. The message of the Cross and the call to self-sacrifice had
-quite the opposite effect. Young men who were going to be
-preachers experienced a new sense of responsibility; they knew that
-they could not consistently call others to a life of service and suffering,
-if they were not prepared themselves to lead the way. This
-is the attitude that prevailed among the students at Pine Hill, which
-is the oldest Presbyterian Theological College in Canada, and which
-will celebrate in 1920 its centenary.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The intensity of this conviction surprised every one on the parade
-ground of the South End Rink, Halifax, when Col. W. E. Thompson
-organized the O.T.C. of Dalhousie University. The large majority
-of the students in residence at Pine Hill were there. The Divinity
-classes open late, and thus many had been in the city only a few
-days when this call came in the beginning of November, 1914.
-Colonel Thompson has on several public occasions paid a fine tribute
-to these theological men; and they in return frankly acknowledge
-how much they were moved by the frank and earnest appeal of the
-Colonel himself.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The O.T.C. was but a voluntary and preliminary phase of the
-grave decision; but it had a most stimulating effect, and nearly all
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_297'>297</span>the students who joined its ranks found themselves ultimately in
-active service. Right on the heels of the O.T.C. came the formation
-of a small Cycle Corps Unit, to which three from Pine Hill
-were admitted, the first to enlist for Overseas. This Unit was
-almost entirely made up of students, and its advent in Halifax was
-celebrated by a dinner given in the residence at Pine Hill. The
-dining hall was crowded. Colonel Thompson and Colonel Grant,
-A.D.M.S., spoke; the impression made was very deep; and probably
-at that hour a large number made up their minds to join the
-colors. The impression was intensified by the dramatic announcement
-in the course of the dinner of the splendid sea victory at
-Falkland Islands, the news of which had just come over the wire.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Before the year was out there came an urgent appeal for an
-Ambulance Corps, and fifteen responded. Few of them stayed
-long in the Army Medical Corps after they got across, but asked
-for transfers to fighting units, in which they played their part
-nobly, and where some of them laid down their lives.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Early in 1915 the 6th Mounted Rifles were formed and eight
-more joined, going to England in July. In the summer four others
-enlisted in the No. 7 Overseas Hospital (The Dalhousie) Unit; and
-in the winter, 1915–16, five enlisted in the Nova Scotia Highland
-Brigade and five in the artillery. By the second anniversary of the
-War the great bulk of the Divinity students had entered the army,
-and most of these were already Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Below is given a list of the names and of the Units to which
-they were eventually attached, and henceforward their history
-becomes identified with their Units and is told elsewhere. There
-were forty-eight in all, including the Principal and Professor H. A.
-Kent, who were ultimately on the strength of the Chaplain Service.
-Two received the Military Cross and one the Military Medal; seven
-paid the supreme sacrifice; and many were wounded or gassed. All
-but seven of those who survived continued their studies for the
-ministry on their return.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Following is the roll of honor:</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>John Ross, a Scotch lad, who, in the beginning of the War, joined
-the fleet, and went down with the <em>Indefatigable</em> in the Battle of
-Jutland.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Arthur P. MacIvor, from Cape Breton, joined the C.M.R., and
-was killed at Mount Sorel, on June 2, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'><span class='pageno' id='Page_298'>298</span>Earl Lockerby, from P.E.I., in the 42nd R.H.C. Killed at
-Courcellette, September, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Ralph B. Clarke, B.A., from New Brunswick, joined the 26th,
-and was killed at Courcellette, on September 17, 1916.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Stephen Dick, from New Brunswick, joined C.F.A., and survived
-until the final offensive in 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Lieut. Harold A. Smith, B.A., M.C., from Cape Breton; served
-in 5th C.M.R.; wounded first on the Somme, and killed in May, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Cyril Hyde, Lieutenant in the Royal Air Service; killed over the
-German lines.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>PINE HILL STUDENTS WHO SERVED OVERSEAS.</h3>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
-    <div>(Those marked with an asterisk were killed.)</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>FACULTY.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. Principal C. Mackinnon, D.D., LL.D.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Chaplain Service, O.M.P.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. H. A. Kent, D.D.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Chaplain Service, O.M.P.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>STUDENTS FOR THE MINISTRY.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. B. C. Salter, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>42nd R.H.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. D. A. Guildford, M.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.D.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>*Earl Lockerby</td>
-    <td class='c018'>42nd R.H.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>*Lieut. R. B. Clarke, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>26th Can. Infantry.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>L. B. Campbell, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>3rd Can. Field Ambulance.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. K. Murchison, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>R. A. Patterson, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.A.M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>G. D. MacLeod, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.H.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D. J. Morrison.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.A.M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>P. B. Fox, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.A.M.G.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. A. D. Archibald, B.A., M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th N.S. Highlanders.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. J. G. Paterson, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>*Lieut. Cyril Hyde</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.A.F.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Neil Macdonald</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th N.S. Highlanders.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. Geo. Murray, M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th N.S. Highlanders.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Victor B. Walls</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.A.M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>J. S. Nickerson, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.A.M.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Colin U. McNiven</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th Can. Infantry.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>*J. S. Ross</td>
-    <td class='c018'>H.M.S. <em>Indefatigable</em>.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>*A. P. McIvor, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>5th C.M.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>*Lieut. H. A. Smith, B.A., M.C.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>5th C.M.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. McI. McLeod</td>
-    <td class='c018'>5th C.M.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Norman A. MacKenzie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th N.S. Highlanders.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D. P. MacLeod</td>
-    <td class='c018'>4th C.M.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>W. J. V. Tweedie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>4th C.M.R.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. John Craigie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>B.E.F.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Capt. R. E. G. Roome</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cadet P. C. Lewis</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.A.F.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Wm. Matheson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th N.S. Highlanders.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>J. D. MacLeod</td>
-    <td class='c018'>13th R.H.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>H. H. Blanchard, B.A., M.M.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th N.S. Highlanders.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>R. H. Scott</td>
-    <td class='c018'>85th N.S. Highlanders.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_299'>299</span>Lieut. E. S. Smith, M.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.A.F.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. McLaren Keswick</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25th Can. Infantry.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Neil M. Rattee, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>7th Overseas Hospital.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>John A. Nicholson, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. T. H. Whelpley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>87th Can. Inf. G.G.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>*Stephen J. Dick</td>
-    <td class='c018'>C.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>A. M. Gillis</td>
-    <td class='c018'>10th Siege Battery.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lieut. A. E. Kerr</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R.A.F.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>John Mackay</td>
-    <td class='c018'>10th Can. Siege Battery.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>A. B. Simpson</td>
-    <td class='c018'>19th C.F.A.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D. F. Marshall, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>15th R.H.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>F. Yates</td>
-    <td class='c018'>10th Can. Infantry.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>J. S. Bonnell, B.A.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>8th Siege Battery.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_300'>300</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLV.<br /> <em>RECRUITING IN NOVA SCOTIA.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The number of men of military age in Canada at the outbreak
-of the War was approximately 1,720,000, and of this Nova
-Scotia’s quota was 53,500. As the War progressed it was
-decided that Canada’s contribution would be 500,000 and Nova
-Scotia’s proportion 30,000, which was attained.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At first no particular effort was made by the public to raise the
-various Units, the matter being left entirely in the hands of the
-Military. The 1st Field Ambulance and the 17th Field Battery
-proceeded to Valcartier as Units, and thence Overseas with the First
-Division. The 17th, Nova Scotia’s first Battalion, to our lasting
-disgrace, was left to paddle its own canoe to the rocks in Salisbury
-Plains, where it eventually became the 17th Reserve Battalion,
-supplying reinforcements to the Nova Scotia Units in the Field.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 25th was the first Battalion in which the public evinced any
-interest. This was mainly recruited from Militia Units, a large proportion
-coming from the Island of Cape Breton and from Halifax.
-The 40th Battalion and the 6th Canadian Mounted Rifles, authorized
-in February, 1915, were recruited with comparative ease, the 40th
-entirely from Nova Scotia and the 6th C.M.R. from the three
-Maritime Provinces. At this time the 25th had not proceeded
-Overseas, and it was not until May that this Battalion, which in
-France earned for itself the title of the “Fighting 25th,” sailed from
-Halifax, taking as its final complement part of the 40th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 40th was then sent to Aldershot, N.S., for training, and
-was almost immediately called upon to supply a draft of 5 officers
-and 250 men. About this time recruiting slackened. The strength
-of the 40th dwindled, due to casualties from sickness and other
-causes, and it seemed that unless a special effort were made by the
-public this Unit would share the fate of the 17th, or worse. Mr.
-G. S. Campbell, whose son was among the officers of this Unit,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_301'>301</span>brought back from Valcartier the news that unless the Battalion
-was quickly brought up to strength it would be absorbed into a
-Battalion of another Province, and Nova Scotia would lose it. A
-strong Committee of prominent citizens was immediately formed.
-Money for advertising was subscribed, and a campaign launched,
-the effect of which never ceased during the period of the War. The
-40th was brought up to full strength, and in October proceeded
-Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As a result of the efforts of this Committee it was thought by
-Headquarters M.D. No. 6 that the work of recruiting throughout
-the Province should be inspected and reported on. Lieut.-Col. H.
-Flowers was selected to undertake this duty. Every important town
-in the Province was visited except in Cape Breton, which was supplying
-many men through the energetic work of the Rev. E. Watering
-Florence. The prominent people in each town were induced to
-lend their assistance, forming such organizations as they in their
-wisdom deemed best. All the assistance that headquarters and the
-Halifax Committee could give was supplied at the request of the
-other centres.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This proved most successful and when the 64th was authorized
-in August, 1915, to be recruited from the three Maritime Provinces,
-so great was the enthusiasm in Nova Scotia that in three weeks the
-full complement was supplied by that Province alone, and later the
-men from New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island became the
-nucleus for the 104th New Brunswick Battalion. Lieut.-Colonel
-Flowers went to the 64th as Second in Command, and Major
-W. B. A. Ritchie was appointed Officer in Charge of Recruiting. He
-was followed in December, 1916, by Major G. B. Cutten, of the
-Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. These officers were assisted by
-Capt. F. W. Micklewright and Capt. F. T. DeWolfe. Apart from
-Capt. E. W. Florence, Captain Micklewright probably recruited
-more men personally than any other officer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The 64th Battalion being over strength, the 85th Battalion, Nova
-Scotia Highlanders, authorized some time previously, was ordered
-to proceed with recruiting. Numbers flocked to join its ranks.
-Men of responsible positions and lucrative salaries offered their
-services. In less than a month the Battalion was over strength
-and a large number of applicants were turned away.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_302'>302</span>In the gloomy closing days of 1915, when the withdrawal of the
-Gallipoli Expedition was announced, and many cherished expectations
-were again doomed to disappointment, the whole British
-Empire was profoundly stirred, and began to take its grip with
-characteristic bulldog tenacity. All its resources were demanded,
-every available man must go. Consequently in January of 1916 the
-question was mooted, why should not Nova Scotia give a whole
-Highland Brigade, and those who applied too late for admission to
-the 85th be afforded another and more liberal opportunity of going
-to the Front? Perhaps no idea ever suggested in the Province was
-taken up with more hearty enthusiasm.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the first few weeks of 1916 organization was developed
-with great assiduity. It was decided to make use of the popular
-85th in the work of recruiting. Every soldier who believed he could
-recruit another man was given six days’ leave to do so; and if he
-succeeded in recruiting more than one he was granted an additional
-six days. Officers who volunteered to raise a Platoon were given
-charge of the territory in which it could be recruited. The results
-were in some instances amazing. Lads who seemed unlikely enough
-brought in recruits by the score.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In preparation for this great “drive” a publicity campaign was
-organized on an extensive scale. Pulpit, press and schoolroom
-were commandeered, and gave themselves up generously to the work.
-Religious services were arranged at which moral issues of the War
-were brought home forcibly to the people. Military uniforms appeared
-in the pulpits and unwonted martial strains, even from the
-bagpipes, were heard in sacred precincts.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Perhaps the most unique feature of the campaign was the use
-made of the public schools. The Union Jack was widely displayed.
-The children were drilled in patriotic songs. Books were laid aside
-and mass meetings held at which prominent citizens delivered
-addresses until to the impressionable mind of the little children it
-was incredible that anyone should stay at home. A letter was
-addressed by Lieut.-Colonel Borden to the boys and girls of Nova
-Scotia. In simple language he explained the meaning of the War,
-and converted every child into an irrepressible recruiting agent
-among his big brothers at home, or in the circle of his friends.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_303'>303</span>When the country had thus been duly prepared, and public
-feeling was running high, the master-stroke was given, which resulted
-in the raising of “three Battalions in three weeks,” a feat
-unsurpassed in the recruiting efforts of Canada. This was a series
-of meetings, held in every town, village and country hall, crowded
-to the doors, and characterized by the intense fervor of a religious
-revival. Notable among those who took part in the campaign for
-the 193rd and 219th Battalions were Lieut.-Colonel Borden, Lieut.-Colonel
-Guthrie (invalided home from the Front), President Cutten
-of Acadia University, Dr. Clarence McKinnon, and a score of other
-public men, who gladly gave time and talent to the task. The band
-of the 85th Battalion accompanied the speakers in their tour through
-the counties of Lunenburg, Queens, Shelburne, Yarmouth, Annapolis,
-Digby, Kings, Pictou and Antigonish.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Cape Breton had already contributed the 17th and 36th Batteries
-(the latter Unit was raised in a single day), a large proportion of
-the 25th and 40th Battalions, six hundred men to the 64th, three
-hundred men to the 85th, three hundred men to the 106th, besides
-keeping at full strength its Militia Regiment, the 94th Argyll Highlanders,
-which had been on active service from the outbreak of
-the War. Not satisfied with this the Island asked for and received
-authority to recruit a purely Cape Breton Infantry Battalion, to be
-included in the Nova Scotia Highland Brigade. Under the supervision
-of Major Gordon S. Harrington (later appointed Deputy
-Overseas Minister and promoted to the rank of Colonel) Cape
-Breton officers and men of the 83th Battalion returned to their
-former homes and engaged in active recruiting. Meetings were held
-in every town and village, and addresses made by Mayor Richardson,
-F. A. Crowell, A. D. Gunn, D. A. Cameron, Dr. C. E. McMillan,
-Stuart McCawley, the late D. A. Hearn, and many other prominent
-people. As a result of their work, and in spite of the restrictions
-placed upon them by the G.O.C. M.D. No. 6, who forbade the
-enlistment of employees of the Dominion Coal Company and the
-Dominion Iron and Steel Company, the 185th Battalion, Cape
-Breton Highlanders was recruited to full strength within three
-weeks.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In April, 1916, Mr. F. A. Crowell was requested to act as Chief
-Recruiting Officer for the County of Cape Breton. In a civilian
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_304'>304</span>capacity and without remuneration he accepted the position, and,
-assisted by Lieutenant Chirgwin and Sergt. A. Johnstone of the 94th
-Regiment, carried on the work until January, 1917. Up to the time
-the Military Service Act came into force the Island of Cape Breton
-contributed over seven thousand volunteers, including, in addition
-to the Units already named, 100 men to the 246th Battalion, 200
-men to the Composite Battalion, besides a large number to the
-several Artillery Units mobilized at Halifax, to the 165th, 169th
-and 239th Battalions, the Army Service Corps, Forestry Units,
-Railway Troops and Army Medical Services, with a lower record of
-rejection than in any other district in Canada—in the case of the
-185th only three per cent.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It would have been impossible for the Chief Recruiting Officer
-and his Staff of paid officers and men to have made the success they
-did had it not been for the valuable services rendered by the voluntary
-recruiting officers all over the Province. These men worked
-faithfully throughout the War without remuneration, and not infrequently
-labored under misrepresentation.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_305'>305</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLVI.<br /> <em>OCEAN TRANSPORT.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The importance of the work done in Military District No. 6
-during the period of the Great War is doubtless not realized
-by the public, other than those who were directly interested
-in the work. Aside from Halifax being a fortified port, and the
-Naval Base of the Atlantic Fleet during the War, it was the point of
-embarkation of the Canadian troops for Overseas, with the exception
-of the First Contingent, which was sent Overseas from Quebec.
-Therefore the work, devolving on District No. 6, in handling the
-enormous number of Canadian, American, Australian and New
-Zealand troops that passed through here was a matter of considerable
-responsibility and care, not only in checking the men going on
-board ship, but also in providing accommodations, rations, etc.,
-while they were held ashore at Halifax from a day to three or four
-weeks, awaiting the arrival of their transports. In addition it was
-necessary to make preparations for emergencies, of which there
-were several, including such things as the stranding of a troopship
-near the mouth of Halifax Harbor, which necessitated the safe removal,
-landing and caring for the troops by other than the regular
-methods.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The detail work in connection with these duties was great and
-varied. For instance, the Department at Ottawa would arrange the
-date for the sailing of transports and the allotment of troops for
-each. The Department would then notify this district accordingly.
-The troops allotted to each ship would arrive by special trains, often
-before their transport reached port. During this period of waiting
-many casualties would occur, either through absentees, sickness, or
-from other causes, necessitating extra accommodation at the local
-quarters or in hospital. On the arrival of the ship these men would
-have to be checked on board individually, all casualties accounted
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_306'>306</span>for, complete returns made out, such as marching out state, lists of
-officers, inspection of all documents, and many other details. After
-that particular ship was loaded she would pull away from the pier
-and remain in harbor awaiting the loading of the other transports.
-Very often these transports would lie in the harbor for some days
-before sailing, awaiting the completion of the convoy, a result being
-that additional casualties would occur daily on each ship during
-that period. These had to be taken off the ship, in turn, all documents
-corrected to date so that when the ship sailed from the harbor
-an accurate record of every man on board was complete and thus
-enabled the Government to check the proper charges of the Steamship
-Companies for transportation. In the early stages of the War
-transports to the number of forty would sail from Halifax in one
-convoy, but towards the latter end of the War the Naval Authorities
-provided for convoys not exceeding seventeen ships at one time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In all there were 284,455 Canadian troops embarked from Halifax.
-Some 50,000 Chinamen, and a large number of American
-troops also embarked from this port. In addition, ships with New
-Zealanders and Australians on board called at this port to join the
-convoys, and often were allowed to land for route marches and
-given shore leave. This also entailed much work on this district,
-due to the necessity of looking after casualties, absentees, etc.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Of all the casualties occurring during these embarkations a careful
-record had to be kept, and in due course, that is, as soon as
-possible after they became fit or were apprehended, they were sent
-Overseas on later transports.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Many complicated questions arose during this period, as, for
-instance, men arriving on troop trains under arrest for misdemeanors
-of various kinds, and thus necessitating this district dealing
-with such cases.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Following is a summary of the Canadian troops that embarked
-at Halifax during the war period:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Date.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Ship.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Embarked Halifax.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Monthly Total.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>1915.</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Jan. 8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Zeeland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>346</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>346</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Feb. 23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Megantic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>40</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>13</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>76</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_307'>307</span>Mar. 6</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>15</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Northland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>130</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Corsican</td>
-    <td class='c008'>40</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>22</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Orduna</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Hesperian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>15</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Chaleur</td>
-    <td class='c008'>68</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>321</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>582</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Apr. 4</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>12</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>6</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Georgia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>76</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>9</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Chignecto</td>
-    <td class='c008'>48</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>10</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>641</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>12</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Manchester Corporation</td>
-    <td class='c008'>73</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>St. George</td>
-    <td class='c008'>414</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Northland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,711</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,660</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>440</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>5,075</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>May 2</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Hesperian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>154</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>20</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Saxonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,282</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>20</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c008'>37</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,473</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>June 14</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Herschell</td>
-    <td class='c008'>523</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>15</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Caledonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,833</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,356</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Aug. 8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Italia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,211</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Caledonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>994</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>9</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,615</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Caledonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,087</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,907</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Oct. 23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,319</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Orduna</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,095</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>3,414</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Nov. 19</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Chignecto</td>
-    <td class='c008'>88</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>22</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Saxonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,494</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>California</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,909</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,281</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>6,772</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Dec. 3</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Chaudiere</td>
-    <td class='c008'>98</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>6</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Orduna</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,121</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Italia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>430</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,649</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>1916.</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Jan. 22</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,591</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,591</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Feb. 10</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Caraquet</td>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>24</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Mar. 13</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,127</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>13</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Baltic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,606</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>30</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Empress of Britain</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,542</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>31</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Adriatic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,440</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>10,715</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_308'>308</span>Apr. 1</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,787</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,717</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Chaleur</td>
-    <td class='c008'>20</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Empress of Britain</td>
-    <td class='c008'>4,020</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,201</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>29</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,583</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>19,328</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>May 6</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Chignecto</td>
-    <td class='c008'>61</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>12</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Baltic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,612</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>19</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Adriatic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,325</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>20</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Empress of Britain</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,788</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>692</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>31</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,794</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>15,272</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>June 18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Empress of Britain</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,420</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>19</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,663</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,755</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>10,838</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>July 8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,208</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>15</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Empress of Britain</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,778</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,290</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Caraquet</td>
-    <td class='c008'>162</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>11,438</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Aug. 6</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,351</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>7</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Cameronia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,430</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,581</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scotian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,235</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>14</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Empress of Britain</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,704</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>15</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,471</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,109</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>15,881</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Sept. 11</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,396</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>11</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Cameronia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,412</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>12</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,491</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>12</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Northland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,473</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,486</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,042</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Southland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,379</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Corsican</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,426</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Laconia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,230</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Tusconia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,360</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>20,695</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Oct. 2</td>
-    <td class='c016'>California</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,1</td>
-    <td class='c017'>61</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>3</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,708</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>3</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Saxonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,417</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>11, 12 &amp; 13</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,988</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Cameronia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,401</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,721</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Northland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,662</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,673</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Mauretania</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,089</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25 &amp; 26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Corsican</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,351</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>30</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,196</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_309'>309</span>Oct. 31</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Caronia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>4,251</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>31</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Empress of Britain</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,796</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>32,414</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Nov. 1</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Southland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,700</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>13</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,909</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>23 &amp; 24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Mauretania</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,123</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,609</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>12,341</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Dec. 16</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,999</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Northland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>36</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>6,035</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>1917.</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Jan. 23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,350</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Canada</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,244</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,525</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,119</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Feb. 16</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Southland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,749</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>16</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,727</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>3,476</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Mar. 4</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Canada</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,241</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>4</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Ansonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,049</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,641</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,637</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Southland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>892</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,595</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>26</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Saxonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,357</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>10,412</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Apr. 9</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Carpathia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,341</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>9</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Canada</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,282</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,194</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Ansonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,102</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Northland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,572</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>18</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,654</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,605</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>30</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Megantic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,141</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>15,891</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>May 1</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,696</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>3</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Justicia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>4,445</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,823</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>11,964</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>June 22</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Justicia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>4,160</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,160</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Aug. 6</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Olympic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>100</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>10</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,500</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>11</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,402</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>3,002</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Sept. 5</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Megantic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,854</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,854</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Oct. 4</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,276</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>20</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>925</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,201</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Nov. 20</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scotian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,352</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Megantic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,637</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,182</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,171</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_310'>310</span>Dec. 21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,700</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,638</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Canada</td>
-    <td class='c008'>11</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>3,349</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>1918.</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Jan. 19</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Kursk</td>
-    <td class='c008'>50</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Orita</td>
-    <td class='c008'>320</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,290</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,660</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Feb. 5</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,607</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>5</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,678</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>5</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Canada</td>
-    <td class='c008'>826</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>13</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,815</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Megantic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,822</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Meletia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,830</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>21</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Saxonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,138</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,692</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>28</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Kasmala</td>
-    <td class='c008'>111</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>13,519</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Mar. 1</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Justicia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>155</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scotian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>8</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Toloa</td>
-    <td class='c008'>819</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>13</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Chaleur</td>
-    <td class='c008'>29</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Saturnia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>100</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Missinabie</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,656</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scandinavian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,293</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>25</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Grampian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,591</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>5,666</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>Apr. 9</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Metagama</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,672</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>9</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Tunisian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,318</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>9</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Ulua</td>
-    <td class='c008'>949</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Scotian</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,324</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Toloa</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,108</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Melita</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,906</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>8,277</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>May 11</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Tierisias</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,252</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>11</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Runic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>394</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>16</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Ajana</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,435</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>16</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Valacia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,020</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>23</td>
-    <td class='c016'>C. of Marseilles</td>
-    <td class='c008'>55</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,156</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>June 17</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Pannonia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>853</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Wiamana</td>
-    <td class='c008'>389</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Gloucestershire</td>
-    <td class='c008'>512</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>24</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Ionic</td>
-    <td class='c008'>27</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,781</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>July 2</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Oxfordshire</td>
-    <td class='c008'>390</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>3</td>
-    <td class='c016'>Valacia</td>
-    <td class='c008'>185</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'>575</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>284,455</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_311'>311</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLVII.<br /> <em>MUNITIONS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>A brief history of the work of the Shell Committee, its
-organization, and the part played by the Nova Scotia Steel
-and Coal Company in producing munitions during the first
-two and a half years of the War.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On September 8, 1915, Col. Alex Bertram, Thomas Cantley, and
-George W. Watts were summoned by the Federal Minister of
-Militia, Sir Sam Hughes, to Valcartier. On meeting the Minister he
-stated that the British Secretary of State for War had advised the
-Canadian Government that the War Office were desirous of having
-shrapnel shells made in Canada, that the Canadian Government had
-decided to entrust the matter to a Committee of Manufacturers, and
-had so advised the War Office. It was understood that the advice
-of the Minister had been accepted, and that the names of the three
-gentlemen above referred to had been approved by the War Office
-as a Committee to carry on the work on their behalf. The men
-above named were then asked to serve as such Committee, without
-remuneration, which they agreed to do, and were requested to select
-one of their number as Chairman. On the suggestion of Thos.
-Cantley, Colonel Bertram was appointed Chairman, the Minister
-confirming the appointment of the Committee by a memorandum
-initialed “For Action.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Later, Mr. E. Carnegie, of Welland, was added to the Committee,
-and at their request the Minister agreed that Colonel Benson,
-Master General of Ordnance; Colonel Lafferty, Superintendent of
-the Dominion Arsenal; and Colonel Greville Harston, Inspector of
-Arms and Ammunition, should be added as Technical Members.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first meeting was held the same evening (September 8th)
-at the Chateau Frontenac, Quebec. The second meeting was held
-the following day at the office of the Superintendent of the
-Dominion Arsenal. The Committee were accorded the privilege of
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_312'>312</span>dissecting the manufacturing costs of the various operations involved
-in making shells of this type at the Dominion Arsenal, which
-at that time had an out-turn of about 200 per day.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From the data there available and their experience as manufacturers
-the Committee advised the War Office that 200,000 shrapnel
-shells could be produced by the Committee and supplied to the War
-Office at a price of $8.30 for the 15–pounder, and $8.55 each for
-the 18–pounder. On this information being cabled to London the
-Committee were at once instructed to proceed with the order.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/i_312.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. THOMAS CANTLEY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>After the order was in process of execution a contract was presented
-by a representative of the War Office to the four civilian
-members, viz., Messrs. Bertram, Cantley, Watt and Carnegie, under
-which contract they were obligated to supply the War Office with
-these shells at the prices stated. This contract was duly executed,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_313'>313</span>the Honorable Minister of Militia signing on behalf of and representing,
-the War Office, the civilian members signing on their own
-behalf.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While the first order was for 200,000 shells, additional orders
-were placed by the War Office with the Committee at various times
-between September, 1914, and November, 1915, aggregating in all
-$345,222,870.24. The contract prices were in most cases named by
-the War Office. In some cases the prices were the result of compromise
-arranged by cable between the Committee and the War Office.
-In other cases the prices were those suggested by the Committee and
-were accepted by the War Office.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As already stated, every order was covered by a contract between
-the War Office on the one hand and the four civilian members of
-the Committee on the other, for the carrying out of which the
-civilian members were collectively and individually responsible.
-When they resigned office a statement, which was prepared and
-duly audited showing the total cost, together with the surplus based
-on prices agreed upon and covered by contracts between the War
-Office and the four civilian members, showed that the contracts
-entered into amounted in all to $345,222,874.34. Approximately
-87½ per cent. of these orders were then completed, and the
-surplus—the difference between the contract price and the cost of
-production—was $42,097,584.57, less overhead charges, cost of
-inspection, guages, etc., of $737,400.31. If 12½ per cent. be added
-to this overhead charge to meet similar expenses incidental to the
-completion of the contracts, $92,175.03 would require to be added,
-making the total overhead expenditure $829,575.34, or a total
-net surplus to the credit of the Committee on November 30, 1915,
-of $41,268,009.23. The total overhead cost, covering inspection,
-cost of guages, accounting, and office expense of the Committee,
-worked out at&nbsp;.17, or less than one-fifth of one per cent. of contract
-prices.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In this connection it may be stated that the prices paid by the
-War Office to American makers in many cases were considerably
-higher than those paid in Canada for shells and other material. In
-other cases, where the prices were approximately the same, the
-volume of orders entrusted to the United States makers were very
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_314'>314</span>much greater than the corresponding orders placed with the Canadian
-Shell Committee, and the American prices should have been
-considerably lower. Further, the orders placed in the United
-States were entrusted to an agent, who is reported to have received
-a handsome commission, whereas the services of the Canadian Shell
-Committee were freely given.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the early stages the executive work of the Committee was
-carried on by General Bertram, whose time was largely taken up in
-co-ordinating the machining of parts, and the placing of orders
-for components among Canadian manufacturers, while Thomas
-Cantley undertook to carry out experiments, both chemical and
-physical, looking to the production of open hearth basic steel to
-meet the specifications and tests called for by the War Office.
-Experiments were also carried out later in regard to steel discs, base
-plates, nose plugs, alloy steel armor plating, etc. Later Colonel
-Bertram, Thos. Cantley and G. W. Watts collaborated in fixing
-prices for component parts and machining and assembling of the
-different size shells. Later they devised a complete system of
-records, inspection sheets, transfer and shipping forms, store and
-stock forms, and a complete system of accounting was worked out
-and inaugurated by them.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Late in September the Minister of Militia, on the suggestion of
-the Committee, approved the appointment of David Carnegie as
-Ordnance Adviser to the Committee, in view of the fact that he had
-had considerable experience in munition work at Woolwich Arsenal.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the War Office first appealed to Canada for assistance in
-supplying munitions, little was known of shell manufacturing in
-Canada. This being the case the Canadian Government decided that
-a Committee of Manufacturers could better serve the War Office
-than could the Government through any of the Departments; and
-then followed the formation of the Shell Committee as originally
-outlined. The Committee had before them three problems: First,
-that of securing steel of the requisite character; secondly, the forging
-of the steel into shell bodies, together with the supply of other
-component parts, comprising brass, copper, tin, zinc and antimony;
-and thirdly, the machining and assembling of these various component
-parts.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_315'>315</span>Up to the time that the request came from the War Office
-practically no men in Canada, with the exception of those employed
-at the Dominion Arsenal, knew anything about the manufacture of
-shells, or the material required for same. The steel hitherto used
-at the Dominion Arsenal had been supplied by the Crucible Steel Co.
-of America, and the War Office had stipulated that only Acid Open
-Hearth Siemens-Martin steel could be employed in shell forgings.
-As no Siemens-Martin steel was produced in Canada, and if the
-War Office adhered to their stipulation in that respect the entire
-steel supply would have to be obtained in the United States, the
-American makers, feeling sure that this would be done, promptly
-advanced their prices approximately forty per cent.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At this juncture the Minister of Militia appealed to Thomas
-Cantley, then President and General Manager of the Nova Scotia
-Steel and Coal Co., as to whether the Scotia plant could not produce
-steel which would meet not only the chemical but physical requirements
-of the War Office shell specifications. He at once expressed
-the belief that they could do so, and immediately proceeded to carry
-out exhaustive experiments, both chemical and physical, which
-proved conclusively that the Scotia Company could produce steel as
-called for by the War Office, and offered to supply it at a price as
-low as the original price asked by the American works, and indeed
-below the American price. Within a few days of receipt of the
-first order by the Shell Committee from the War Office, the Scotia
-Company supplied the Committee with steel for 200,000 shrapnel
-shells. The difference in price paid to the Scotia Company and
-the price asked by the American Co. for the steel supplied on this
-small order amounted to over $40,000.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As regards forging of shells, the cost of producing the various
-component parts, the labor involved in finishing and assembling these—the
-Committee were supplied with the cost of these various operations
-as carried on at the Dominion Arsenal, but the difficulty involved
-was that the work, having been done there by a class of
-machine not in general use in Canada, and with the comparatively
-small order in hand, manufacturers could not be found who would
-purchase and install plant for this work and turn out shells within
-a reasonable time and price.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_316'>316</span>Manufacturers throughout the country were invited to visit the
-Dominion Arsenal at Quebec, where they would be shown the various
-operations involved, and given all information <em>re</em> cost, methods employed,
-etc. Quite a number responded to this invitation. Some
-offered to undertake the work; others declined to undertake it on
-any basis whatever.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Colonel Bertram volunteered that the John Bertram &amp; Sons Co.
-would do a certain amount of machining and assembling, and Thos.
-Cantley, through his Company, the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Co.,
-undertook to supply the steel and forgings, while Mr. Watt, of the
-Canadian General Electric Company, agreed to make some of the
-component parts. Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, on being appealed to
-by the Committee for assistance, instructed the Superintendent of
-the Angus Shops to take on some of the work, and generously
-promised that the Angus Shops would take up their share of the
-enterprise.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>With the start made by these firms to encourage them, a few
-other manufacturers were induced to take up a share of the work,
-and thus the supply of components parts and machining of same for
-the first 200,000 shells was finally placed, and this initial order was
-shipped complete and to the entire satisfaction of the War Office
-some considerable time before the contract date.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>So soon as the work involved in the first trial order had been
-accepted by the manufacturers referred to, the Committee took up
-the organization necessary for the co-ordinating of the work on a
-larger scale; and as large orders were received in rapid succession
-from the War Office, contracts were made with different manufacturers
-for component parts, which were bought outright by the Committee.
-A full set of component parts for each shell was supplied by
-the assembly contractors, by whom these were finished and returned
-as completed shells, they being paid a fixed price on the shells which
-were completed, and which passed all the tests demanded by the War
-Office, and were certified as such by the Government Inspection
-Bureau. The component parts before being accepted by the Committee
-and delivered to the finishing contractors were inspected and
-certified by the Committee’s inspectors. Any component parts
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_317'>317</span>spoiled by the assembly manufacturers had to be paid for by them
-at the actual cost of same.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first experiences of the forging and finishing contractors
-alike were disappointing. It was an entirely new business to everybody
-engaged in the work, and the usual initial difficulties were met
-and overcome with varying success.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is safe to say that as far as the first order of 200,000 shells was
-concerned, the companies engaged, either as makers of component
-parts or as assembly contractors, received little, if any, profit for
-their work. They had only the usual reward that comes to pioneers
-in any new work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the new and larger orders came in, both the material and
-the work were thrown open to competition. The Dominion Steel
-Corporation, the Steel Company of Canada, and other smaller steel
-producers were asked to supply steel and forgings. The same thing
-applied to manufacturing establishments, which were in a position
-to supply other component parts or to take on the work of machining
-and assembling. By the early part of 1915 the work was distributed
-throughout the entire Dominion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Those who had done the pioneering work, and who won their
-position through dearly-bought experience, and by venturing in where
-others lacked courage to do so, came under criticism from others
-who had not hitherto undertaken any of the work. To overcome
-this difficulty and to assure hearty co-operation in the production
-of the largest amount of munitions possible, the Committee adopted
-the principle of naming a flat price for each component part, as well
-as for the machining and assembling of each size shell.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>All the orders placed thereafter, from time to time, were placed
-at a uniform price, both for the component parts and for the finishing
-of the shells. The instant effect of this was that the accumulated
-experience of the pioneering firms was placed at the disposal
-of the other manufacturers. Both forging and finishing shops were
-thrown open, their methods of working and costs were fully explained,
-and shown to other manufacturers. The newcomers thus
-saved the heavy cost of experimental work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>New methods, improvements of great value in connection with
-the execution of the work, the outcome of the initiative adaptability
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_318'>318</span>of Canadians, wrought a revolution in the methods of production.
-All these improvements were in every case put within the reach of
-other manufacturers. Many of these have been adopted, not only
-by Canadian shell makers, but by shell makers in the United States
-and Great Britain.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the organization period from September, 1914, to April,
-1915, more than one member of the Committee worked from ten to
-seventeen hours per day, Sundays and holidays not excepted, and
-none of the members then appointed received one dollar by way of
-remuneration.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The part played by the New Glasgow works of the Nova Scotia
-Steel and Coal Company in the Great War is an interesting one. At
-the beginning of hostilities in August, 1914, there were only two
-Steel Companies in the United States who had either the plant or
-experience to produce either shells or armor plates, while none of
-the Canadian steel plants had any experience whatever.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first production of munition material, by way of shells and
-shell steel, was undertaken in Canada by the Shell Committee, and
-the story of the experiments carried on in the early days of September,
-1914, which resulted in convincing the British War Office
-that basic steel, as made in Canada, would meet all the requirements
-of both shrapnel and high explosive shells, and which resulted in
-very large orders for munitions coming to Canada, is well known to
-all Nova Scotians, and has become a matter of history.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Between October, 1914, when the Scotia plants produced 22,000
-shell forgings, and the signing of the Armistice, November 11, 1918,
-the New Glasgow plant had made more than 15,000,000 shells—these
-ranging in size from the 15–pounder shrapnel to 12–inch high
-explosive, the local plant being the only one in Canada which made
-the latter size. The total tonnage of forged shells produced at New
-Glasgow amounted in round figures to 180,000 tons. In addition to
-this a very considerable tonnage of shell and other munition steel
-was shipped to be worked up in other shell forging establishments
-in Canada and Great Britain. A further considerable tonnage was
-worked up into marine forgings. British shipyards about this time
-experienced great difficulty in obtaining heavy marine forgings to
-meet Lloyd’s specification and tests. The Scotia forges had long
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_319'>319</span>been on Lloyd’s list as approved makers of Marine Forgings. The
-British shipbuilders’ difficulty was now met by Scotia, which supplied
-to various yards on the Clyde, the East Coast, and other yards
-complete sets of marine forgings of all classes for both mercantile
-and other vessels of large tonnage. The total quantity of marine
-forgings supplied Great Britain since the outbreak of war amounted
-to 9,000 tons.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Most Nova Scotians are probably entirely ignorant of the considerable
-amount of what might be called “research” and experimental
-work carried out at the New Glasgow plant for the Government,
-and while this did not produce the tangible results brought
-about in connection with the manufacture of shells, not a little of
-the data and knowledge accumulated, contributed in a very considerable
-degree to the successful development of both the offensive
-and the defensive equipment of the Allied forces.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>While this work was being done secrecy was essential, nothing
-was said and but little known of the work carried on along these
-lines. Now that the War is over the necessity for secrecy appears
-to be past.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In February, 1919, the firm of William Beardmore and Co., of
-Glasgow, Scotland, in their works magazine, told the story of the
-evolution and development by them of bullet-proof material for
-the protection of armored cars, trench shields, armor-plate for the
-celebrated “tanks,” and other work of a like character. The story,
-as told by the Beardmore people, in many important particulars
-runs on all fours with the experiments and results obtained at New
-Glasgow during the latter weeks of 1914 and the early part of 1915,
-when a series of exhaustive experiments were carried out at New
-Glasgow, first in connection with the production and testing of
-bullet-resisting steel plate.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This matter was first brought to the attention of the writer by
-General Sir Sam Hughes in connection with the shield shovel, of
-which a good deal was heard during 1915 and 1916. This spade,
-as supplied by the American makers, was formed with a sharp
-cutting edge, and a loophole for a rifle, but had no handle. When
-deliveries began to be made by the American manufacturers, a
-certain quantity was collected at random and turned over to the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_320'>320</span>writer for testing. This was carried out at the rifle range, of the
-Fifth Royal Highlanders in the basement of the Bleury Street
-Armory, Montreal. It was then found that while practically all
-would stand Mark Six British Service Ammunition, they failed to
-withstand the much greater impact of Mark Seven Ammunition.
-Mark Six had a muzzle velocity of about 1,800 feet per second.
-Further investigation showed that the difference in bullet resisting
-power in the plates submitted was due to lack of uniformity.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No handles had been supplied with the shovels, and no apparent
-effort had been made by the manufacturers to supply one which
-was suitable. Scotia’s engineers were asked to meet the difficulty,
-which they did, and finally offered one which was adopted, weighed
-eight ounces, and was secured by a single rivet passing through a
-square slotted hole in the body of the shovel below the base of the
-tang.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At this time the question of supplying our army with armored
-machine-gun automobile trucks had become a pressing matter. The
-question had been turned over to a Toronto Committee. Great
-delay was experienced in securing sufficient suitable bullet-resisting
-plate, and serious confusion resulted. The experiments in connection
-with the shovel had thrown great doubt on the efficiency
-of the steel being supplied by the Americans, and again the Scotia
-Company were asked to carry out tests and advise as to the matter.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From hints which had filtered through from the army in France
-and Flanders it was known that the German Spitzer bullet was much
-more effective than the British new Mark Seven, and while the
-armor-plating contracted to be supplied by the Americans for these
-cars was guaranteed to withstand Mark Seven British Ammunition
-at 300 yards, the rumors in regard to the penetrating powers of the
-German Spitzer ammunition were most disquieting, and could not
-be ignored.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At that time the United States were neutral, but were making
-ammunition for the Allies and others. By methods, which it is not
-necessary here to refer to, or explain, the General Manager of the
-Scotia Company was able to obtain a German Mauser Service Rifle,
-and by an expenditure out of all proportion to the real value,
-1,000 rounds of German Mauser Spitzer service ammunition was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_321'>321</span>also secured. An improvised range was set up on the ice on the
-East River, Nova Scotia, at a point where, protected by steep banks,
-firing tests could be carried out, when it was demonstrated that .311
-Spitzer German ammunition, which, carefully chronographed, gave
-a muzzle velocity of 2,915 feet per second, easily penetrated the
-armor plate which resisted Mark Seven British Ammunition fired
-from either the Lee-Enfield or Ross Rifle.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The effect, of course, was to call a halt to the manufacture of
-these plates, and at the same time to push forward experiments then
-under way in the production by the Scotia Company of bullet-resisting
-alloy armor plates. Within a short time New Glasgow was able
-to offer the Department of Militia alloy steel, heat-treated plates, not
-exceeding 3–16th of an inch thick, which successfully withstood
-point-blank impact at one yard from Mark 7 ammunition fired from
-the latest model Ross rifle. In one case two shots had struck the
-plate within less than one-half inch of each other, and they neither
-penetrated nor cracked the plate.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Plates somewhat thicker were later supplied which withstood
-German Mauser ammunition at point blank range, and the result
-given by these plates when tested at the Proving Station in Toronto
-were so satisfactory that the Artillery Proving Officers, after the
-tests, placed them on exhibition outside the Camp, and later reported
-that the men felt the utmost confidence with the protection afforded
-them by this plating, which later was supplied and fitted to a proportion
-of the machine-gun trucks then being equipped. Later the
-British Government asked the Scotia Company to tender for similar
-protective plating for armored trucks.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_322'>322</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLVIII.<br /> <em>DEMOBILIZATION.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Demobilization, following a war of such length and
-intensity as that of the Four Years’ War from August, 1914,
-to November, 1918, is not a mere problem of repatriation, it
-is a problem of reconstruction—a gigantic one at that—desiderating
-the undivided efforts of every organization in the nation and the
-assistance of every citizen.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Consider for a moment what had happened in the industrial
-world. During the four years of war, Governments were the
-chief employers of men, the chief purchasers of raw materials, and
-the chief sources of revenue for an overwhelmingly large portion of
-the population. To retain the ideals of democracy Governments
-were given unlimited power—power which was utilized in organizing
-practically the entire life of the belligerent nations into a vast
-machine for turning out implements of war. Not only was this
-war-time industry mobilized under unified control, but the market
-for which its product was turned out could not be flooded. Indeed,
-it continually called for greater and greater production regardless of
-cost. The expansion of business, and the building up of a huge
-army of war workers, the scarcity of labor and raw materials, the
-shifting of markets, the meteoric rise of prices, the less rapid rise
-of wages, Government control of prices, raw materials and exports,
-the inflation of currency, the huge increase in national debts—these
-were some of the phenomena which characterized the period. They
-justify the assertion that a revolution in the economic and industrial
-life of the nations had occurred. Even in Canada, remote from the
-scene of actual strife, a generation’s changes were compressed into
-four short years.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Then suddenly, on November the eleventh, the object for which
-the vast war machine had been built up was attained. The necessity
-for its existence vanished over-night, and the world found itself
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_323'>323</span>face to face with the task of scrapping the industrial machine which
-had so effectively served the requirements of war, and of rebuilding
-one which would serve just as effectively the entirely different
-requirements of peace. The new task was more difficult than the
-old, and had to be accomplished in a much shorter period—a few
-months, instead of four years. Again, the problems themselves
-were more delicate and intricate; largely problems of human
-psychology, not of mechanics, requiring for their solution not compulsion,
-but education, persuasion and co-operation. The world
-has learned that it is much easier to make war than to make peace.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The early days of 1914 and 1915 were days of mobilization
-problems, and they were problems indeed. The provision of arms,
-equipment and food had to be undertaken on a scale unheard of
-before. It was necessary to provide transportation for vast bodies
-of troops and great quantities of stores, to say nothing of the construction
-of training camps, rifle ranges, and all the paraphernalia
-of war. The human element, fresh and easily responsive to
-patriotic appeal, presented few difficulties at that time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There are, however, certain conditions inherent in military life
-which go far towards unfitting the soldier for civilian occupation.
-Without entering into a discussion of the reasons for these conditions,
-two of them at least may be enumerated. In military life
-individual liberty is impossible, but it is of supreme importance in
-civil life. Further, in military life ambition or self-interest, which
-may be considered a fundamental motive in human action, becomes
-of secondary importance. Self-interest is, in fact, disciplined into
-complete abeyance. The moment the soldier becomes a civilian the
-restraints upon his individual liberty are more or less removed, and
-it is entirely in keeping with the impulses of human nature if he
-should, for a time, go to the opposite extreme. Then again, he
-finds it no easy task to awaken the ambition lying dormant within
-him, and it frequently happens that it is only from bitter experience
-that he learns it is necessary to rely, in the first instance, upon himself.
-These two conditions alone emphasize how different are the
-various problems of demobilization and mobilization. The success
-or failure of the work of reconstruction depends, not so much on
-the highly-developed organization as on the amount of personal
-service, whole-hearted sympathy and understanding brought to the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_324'>324</span>work by those who, together with the soldier, must face the many
-obstacles confronting him in the first stages of his return to citizenship.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Without the active co-operation of the soldiers themselves the
-work of reconstruction could not be a success. Undoubtedly our
-present stability, in comparison with many other parts of Canada is,
-in a large measure, due to the initiative and strength of purpose with
-which our soldiers have met, and are meeting, the tasks of a humdrum
-every-day life. It would, no doubt, be surprising to the
-average citizen were he to know how many men in Nova Scotia
-have re-established themselves without assistance from the Government.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was not until the closing days of 1915 and the return of
-casualties gassed and wounded from Ypres, Festubert, and
-Givenchy, that the problems of demobilization began to press for
-attention. The country was sadly lacking in proper hospital accommodation
-and equipment, especially for the treatment of surgical
-cases. The disabled man was finding it no easy matter to re-establish
-himself and the provision of industrial training or suitable employment
-for him was an urgent need. In many other ways the
-necessity for a radical change made itself apparent.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The actual work of getting the soldiers home and out of khaki
-was in the hands of the Department of Militia and Defence; but
-the methods of peace and war are as far removed as day and night,
-and it was soon recognized that the re-absorption of returned
-soldiers into civil life, with the least disturbance of economic conditions,
-could not be best performed by an organization of the military
-type. The first step in the direction of providing a suitable
-organization was taken when the Military Hospitals Commission
-was formed in the same year. The duties of this Commission
-eventually embraced almost every phase of the problem of demobilization,
-from the provision of hospitals, convalescent homes and
-treatment, to vocational re-education for those who, through a
-disability were unable to return to their former occupation.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Not all the emergencies were, of course, foreseen; and from
-time to time changes for the better were made in the regulations.
-Shortly after the formation of the Commission a conference of
-representatives from the various Provincial Governments was called
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_325'>325</span>at Ottawa, and the suggestions there adopted involved an extension
-of the work by the appointment of a sub-committee of the Federal
-Commission in each Province, to assume the responsibility of finding
-employment for discharged soldiers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Immediately following this conference the Returned Soldiers’
-Employment Committee of Nova Scotia, or, as it was afterwards
-known, the Nova Scotia Returned Soldiers’ Commission, was
-appointed. The importance of this work at the time could not be
-overestimated, for is not reconstruction fundamentally a problem of
-employment and employment conditions? This function, however,
-by no means exhausted the activities of the Provincial Commission.
-On executive questions of a local nature it was the advisory body of
-the Federal Commission at Ottawa, and its scope was extended as
-the need arose, until it embraced practically all matters dealing
-with returned men. On certain occasions the Commission maintained
-an early and aggressive stand on problems which were not
-merely of a local character, but which affected the economic life of
-the Dominion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the Military Hospitals Commission was formed, it was
-found necessary to operate Interviewing Departments in conjunction
-with the Clearing or Discharge Depots at Halifax, St. John and
-Quebec, in order to secure information from which to compile
-records. Each returning soldier on the ship’s nominal roll was questioned
-regarding his pre-war occupation, his future prospects and
-intentions, as well as other general information required. In the
-case of casualties the proceedings of the last medical board were also
-secured. At Halifax a Staff of returned men were engaged in
-this work under the supervision of W. B. MacCoy, Secretary of the
-Provincial Commission. As the interviewing for the whole of
-Canada was performed at the ports, it can be appreciated what a
-vast amount of work this entailed, particularly when handling
-hospital ships. The severely disabled men were, of course, unable
-to visit the Interviewing Department. Consequently it was not
-possible to proceed as rapidly as in the case of ordinary transports.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Another detail of the disembarkation which involved a great
-deal of work on the part of the Commission was that of notifying the
-next-of-kin of returning soldiers. A copy of the Nominal Roll
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_326'>326</span>prepared on the voyage across, was secured immediately after the
-ship had docked and the Secretaries of the Returned Soldiers’ Commissions
-in the various other Provinces were telegraphed a complete
-list of the men going forward with the names and addresses of
-their relatives or friends.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Nova Scotia men were, of course, dealt with first, as in
-many cases they would arrive home within a few hours. Their
-names were either telegraphed or telephoned to the Secretaries of
-the Town Reception Committees who, in turn, notified the relatives
-and aided in providing a suitable reception.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the War, Nova Scotia was exceedingly fortunate in the
-matter of employment. The number of unemployed soldiers seldom
-averaged more than ten per cent., and was usually between two and
-seven per cent. However, the abnormal conditions prevailing after
-the signing of the Armistice rendered the number of placements by
-the Commission, for a time at least, almost negligible. Numbers of
-men were suddenly thrown on the labor market by the closing of
-war-time industries, while at the same time our soldiers were being
-returned in thousands. This was by no means the critical period.
-Many of the men returning after years of service Overseas felt
-the need of a well-earned vacation more than they did of a job,
-while those who had dependants and who were anxious, but unable,
-to secure immediate employment, were temporarily provided for by
-the war service gratuity. For the majority, the most anxious time
-arrived during the succeeding fall and winter months. It is not
-the intention, however, to deal with the employment activities of
-the Commission. Attention must be confined to work of a more
-general nature.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As previously stated, the country, particularly Nova Scotia,
-was sadly lacking in hospital accommodation. In the spring and
-early summer of 1915, nearly all returned soldiers either came
-through the Port of Quebec, or, if disembarked at Halifax, were
-forwarded to the Discharge Depot there. Save in a few instances,
-such as severe casualties, these men as soon as medically examined
-were given transportation to their homes. Discharge Certificates
-were usually not issued for months after their return, and a great
-deal of confusion resulted. Indeed, few of the men were aware
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_327'>327</span>of their status, and it not infrequently happened that, instead of
-the longed-for piece of parchment, they received a letter from their
-Military District instructing them to report for duty,—this after
-having perhaps accepted civilian employment. The uncertainty of
-their future added to the difficulties of obtaining a satisfactory
-position, for after a few experiences, employers generally hesitated
-to engage a man who was not in possession of a certificate releasing
-him to civilian duties. As time went on, too, pay complaints began
-to pour in by the score, due no doubt to an antiquated system of
-handling documents, and the poor working facilities afforded the
-District Pay Staffs.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About the end of the following year the Provincial Commission
-advised the erection of a hospital, but although the officials of the
-Military Hospitals Commission apparently concurred in the Provincial
-Commission’s views, the conditions remained unchanged.
-Repeated reports were made by the Secretary and concrete cases
-submitted, showing the necessity in certain instances for providing
-treatment. The situation became so acute that at a meeting of the
-local Commission, held on February 21, 1917, certain members,
-feeling that the existing state of affairs might be construed as reflecting
-upon them, tendered their resignations to the Chairman.
-These resignations were, however, held in abeyance for a few days,
-and a strongly-worded resolution was passed and forwarded to Sir
-James Lougheed. Several days later a special meeting was called
-at the request of the Director of the Military Hospitals Commission,
-at which were present two officials of that body with full authority
-to take what steps were deemed necessary in order to relieve the
-situation. The writer, who has had access to the correspondence
-and records, can state without fear of contradiction, that it was
-wholly due to the efforts of the Provincial Commission that Camp
-Hill Hospital was erected in 1917. Readers who are familiar with
-conditions both then and during the period following the Halifax
-disaster must realize what a boon it was to have had this splendid
-institution awaiting any and all emergencies.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The subject of Vocational Training was one in which the Commission
-took a deep interest from the very first. One of its early
-steps was to institute a careful survey of all existing educational
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_328'>328</span>facilities throughout Nova Scotia, which could be used for the re-education
-of disabled men. The re-training of this class was of the
-utmost importance, and the Commission successfully fought for the
-enactment of several regulations tending to broaden the scope of
-the Vocational Department.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One of the most persistent efforts was made in the interest of
-the physically fit “boy soldier.” Aside from the minor who had
-been disabled, no provision existed whereby these young boys could
-be afforded the opportunities of re-education or re-training. The
-need for this was foreseen by the Provincial Office some two years
-before the close of the War and no opportunity was lost in the
-furtherance of their proposal to place them on the same footing
-as the disabled man. It was most desirable to provide facilities
-for the education of these young soldiers who enlisted in the Forces
-at an immature age. Their decision was made at a time when they
-could not probably measure the consequences of their act, and for
-this reason the public was responsible for any disadvantages accruing
-to them. The years spent in the army were just those during which
-they should have been fitting themselves to win a position of self-support
-and independence; and it is not only an advantage to themselves,
-but to the country, that they have been assisted in preparing
-for the earning of a livelihood rather than having been forced into
-the ranks of unskilled labor. The step taken by the Government in
-the early part of last year was indeed satisfactory in consideration
-of the initial and continuous efforts of the Provincial Commission.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Soldier Settlement Act, passed in 1917, has proved to be
-one of the most satisfactory measures of re-establishment provided
-by the Government. As originally framed, however, it was of very
-little value to a man who desired to go on the land in the Maritime
-Provinces. The free grants provided by the Act were restricted
-to Dominion Lands, while here any land of value for agricultural
-purposes is privately owned. This was clearly placing under a
-handicap the Nova Scotian soldier who wished to stay in his
-native Province, inasmuch as the maximum amount which could
-be borrowed under the Act was only $2,500. The Provincial Commission
-urged very strongly that the benefits to be derived should
-be equally distributed and enjoyed by soldiers wishing to go on
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_329'>329</span>the land in any Province. At the 1918 yearly meeting of Provincial
-Secretaries, held at Ottawa, the other Provinces were unanimous in
-supporting the Maritime representatives, and a resolution was passed
-petitioning the Federal Government to extend the provisions of the
-Act. This was done some time afterwards, and to-day we have in
-Nova Scotia some three hundred and fifty farms producing, and as
-many soldiers re-established in this way.</p>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_329.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>W. B. MACCOY, K.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The months which followed the erection of Camp Hill Hospital
-brought many changes. The Military Hospitals Commission ceased
-and was succeeded by the Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-Establishment.
-New organizations arose, and new methods were inaugurated
-in old ones to meet the constantly increasing needs and changing
-problems. But space will not permit to deal with all the phases of
-this many-sided and deeply interesting work. At best details can
-only be touched upon, and the three instances quoted of the Commission’s
-connection with the larger problems of reconstruction by
-no means exhausts an interesting store of past events. The
-part taken by W. B. MacCoy, K.C.,
-Secretary of the Commission, is deserving
-of the fullest public recognition. No
-man has been more sincere or more
-zealous in safeguarding the interests of
-the Nova Scotian soldiers. His work
-was not undertaken without a sacrifice,
-but the appreciation of thousands of
-soldiers and dependants expressed in the
-letters of thanks contained on the fyles
-of the Commission, and in many other
-ways, has doubtless repaid him in full.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Victory was the reward of loyalty and
-co-operation and the willingness of each and every soldier to
-subjugate self in the welfare of the whole, and play the game as
-best he could. Demobilization has required no less devotion, energy,
-and co-operation than did the War itself and the measure of success
-attained through the sympathy, tact, and ability displayed by however
-humble a servant in the great work of reconstruction will be
-reflected in the national life of Canada for the next generation.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_330'>330</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER XLIX.<br /> <em>VOCATIONAL TRAINING.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The aftermath of the Great War, which virtually ended with
-the Armistice on November 11, 1918, should be historically
-different from the social and economic muddles and messes
-which have succeeded other prolonged struggles. Human nature
-has not changed, but society is more enlightened, more highly
-organized, and more averse to waste.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The soldiers who returned to Canada from the Boer War were
-paid small Imperial pensions for disabilities incurred and were
-rewarded by grants of land in the great Canadian West, which
-almost all of them realized on immediately, selling them to “land
-sharks” for ridiculously small cash sums. It has been stated that
-most of the British veterans of the Crimea died in the workhouses.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Just as the last War was fought with more highly developed
-death-dealing machines and apparatus, and consequently evolved
-entirely new means of counter-offensive and protection, so the
-Allied nations employed entirely new methods to compensate the
-disabled fighting men for the incapacities they suffered through
-service. The aim was to develop all of the remaining abilities and
-aptitudes of the crippled soldier so that he might be able to retain
-his place in civilian life as an active, independent, self-supporting
-citizen.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Nova Scotia can justly claim the credit for starting the plan of
-vocational re-training developed in Canada. In July, 1915, Miss
-I. Matthews, who was assisting her sister, Mrs. J. K. L. Ross, in
-preparing the residence of the latter in Sydney for use as a convalescent
-home for soldiers, secured a pamphlet describing the early
-efforts of France in rehabilitating war cripples. She brought it
-to the attention of Hon. G. H. Murray, who asked Principal F. H.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_331'>331</span>Sexton, of the Technical College, for some concrete practical suggestions.
-The latter prepared a careful report on the methods
-which the Dominion might use to organize this work, and this was
-submitted to the Premier of Canada, Sir Robert Borden.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/i_331.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>DR. F. H. SEXTON,<br />Principal Nova Scotia Technical College.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Just before this there had been created the Military Hospitals
-Commission to control the treatment in Canada of wounded and
-disabled men returning from Europe. The report on vocational
-re-training was submitted to the Commission for consideration and
-action. The subject was regarded of such importance that a conference
-of Provincial Premiers and other representatives was called
-to consider this and some other questions affecting returned men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Principal Sexton was sent as a Nova Scotian delegate to this
-conference and explained his ideas. He asserted that nearly all
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_332'>332</span>maimed and crippled men could be put on their feet again as wage-earners
-by a short, practical, intensive course in vocational training.
-The men were adults who had already had some industrial experience
-and consequently would not need as much or as long training
-as youths being apprenticed in trades. During the last twenty-five
-years industry had been sub-divided into many specialized occupations,
-in many of which little physical effort was required.
-Advantage could be taken of the vocational experience of the
-soldier previous to enlistment and, in most cases, he could be trained
-for some occupation in the same industry where his disability would
-not be a handicap. That is, the crippled men could be moved side-wise
-in industry to some parallel occupation or, by means of a little
-education, could be lifted up higher and fitted for some supervisory
-position as boss, foreman, or superintendent. Thus, a structural
-steel worker, with some physical deficiency, would be trained for a
-position of draftsman. The coal miner, who was disabled, so that
-he could no longer dig coal at the face could, in a comparatively
-short time, be trained for the position of shot-firer, fire boss, mine
-examiner, overman, underground foreman, or mine manager.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>There were endless opportunities for fitting men for occupations
-that required more technical knowledge, more skill, and more
-mental capacity. Most of the Canadian soldiers had not much
-opportunity for vocational education in their youth, and the great
-majority could be prepared for better jobs with their disability than
-they had been able to qualify for before they enlisted. It was
-pointed out that technical schools could offer some courses for
-disabled men, and that the rest of them could be given intensive
-short apprenticeships in industry. The disabled men and their
-families should be supported in respectability during the course of
-training. It was emphasized that the soldier in the hospital should
-begin to do some work as soon as possible, so that he would not
-lose his habits of industry by too prolonged an idleness during
-treatment. This method of technical education would be expensive,
-but it would more than repay the country by making almost all
-the disabled men competent to maintain themselves as wage-earners
-for the remainder of their lives, and eliminate the great proportion
-of indigent, idle pensioners that had succeeded other great wars.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_333'>333</span>The conference in September, 1915, enthusiastically recommended
-that the Military Hospitals Commission proceed to develop
-vocational training of disabled soldiers along the lines proposed.
-Soon after this steps were taken to put the suggestions into actual
-practice. Principal Sexton was appointed, under the Commission,
-as Vocational Officer for Quebec and the Maritime Provinces,
-which office he has held for four and one-half years.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the convalescent hospitals were first opened in Canada,
-it was thought at first that all the men needed was the necessary
-medical treatment and a rest and then most of them would naturally
-return to work. People who had not had army training, and who
-had not endured the terrible experiences in the front line trenches,
-did not understand the psychological reversal most of the soldiers
-had suffered. The ordinary Canadian was noted for his power
-of initiative. In times of peace he had developed resourcefulness
-and individuality. From thousands of occupations our men donned
-the khaki uniform. The first great lesson for the new soldier was
-that of implicit obedience to his superior officers. He was instructed
-that others would do his thinking for him. The responsibility of
-providing food, shelter, and raiment for himself and his dependants,
-which had been his constant effort in waking hours, was lifted from
-his shoulders. His habits were regularized to conform to a single
-standard,—that of the well-disciplined soldier. In action he was
-forced into a condition of personal dirtiness that would have been
-absolutely repellent to him in ordinary life. He was subjected
-to the nerve-racking, soul-splitting ordeal of continuous fire of high
-explosives. Death lurked at his elbow continuously in a thousand
-hideous forms. He lived like a worm, and the taking and giving of
-human life became an hourly experience. He forgot what a normal
-mode of living was like, and his tours back and forth to the trenches
-seemed the whole of existence, with only a ghastly way out of it.
-Then came his “blighty,” and the long, painful period of hospital
-experience where willing and loving hands ministered to every need.
-He was doctored, nursed and entertained lavishly. Is it any wonder
-that he found himself in an abnormal mental state, and that ordinary
-civilian life seemed petty and cold and humdrum? Is it surprising
-that he found himself slow to rouse himself and prepare to take
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_334'>334</span>up again some civilian task in the treadmill of industry which would
-reward him with only food, clothing and lodging? After the
-glorious comradeship with his fellows in facing death, the competitive
-system in a life of routine duties seemed dull and deadly.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It seemed evident from the first experience that work was the
-only panacea. Definite, interesting occupation alone offered the
-means of making the man forget himself, and of wrenching him
-around into the footpath of peace. Self-imposed routine duties of
-an absorbing nature provided the necessary attraction and distraction
-to enable the man to prepare himself again for a useful life in
-industry. Therefore interesting work of all kinds was provided to
-suit different abilities and disabilities.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Three divisions of the work of re-training the disabled soldier
-developed as progress was made with this task, viz.: (1) Ward
-Occupations; (2) Curative Workshops; (3) Industrial Re-training.
-These will be taken up in the order named.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>1. <span class='sc'>Ward Occupations.</span> Basketry, weaving, leather work
-and other handicrafts were taught to the men in hospital right in
-the wards, as recreational activity, during the time of convalescence
-when the soldiers, as patients, are not advanced far enough
-in their recovery to leave their beds or to take up serious education.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>2. <span class='sc'>Curative Workshops.</span> Every hospital had either a
-separate vocational building or a portion of its space set aside for
-curative workshops. Here were held a variety of classes for men
-taking treatment who were able to leave their wards and who
-wished to study some subjects which would be of advantage to
-them when they were discharged from hospital and would re-enter
-civilian life or take up training for a new occupation.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>3. <span class='sc'>Industrial Re-Training.</span> This was the most important
-division of the work and, in fact, constituted the main
-activity of the Vocational Branch of the Department of Soldiers’
-Civil Re-establishment. All soldiers who received a disability in
-military service through disease, accident or wounds which prevented
-them from returning to their old occupations, were entitled to
-industrial re-training. Any man who enlisted under the age of
-eighteen, and whose apprenticeship or training for some useful
-occupation was seriously interrupted by the War, was also entitled
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_335'>335</span>to an industrial re-training course. Thousands of men had to be
-intensively trained for hundreds of different occupations in the
-shortest possible time. During their courses they and their
-dependants received pay and allowances to support themselves.
-Every kind of institution which offered definite vocational training
-was utilized, but a great proportion of the men were placed in
-industry itself to learn their new occupations. Special trade classes
-and schools had to be organized and equipped by the Department
-of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment to meet the new need. The
-main aim was to train the disabled soldiers and minors in six to
-ten months, so that they could earn the prevailing wage in suitable
-vocations. This aim was realized with results that have amply
-justified the predictions of experts in industrial education and the
-enormous expenditure of money necessary. The development of
-the three main divisions of the vocational work in Nova Scotia
-is interesting and illuminating, and promises much for the future
-in pointing the way to further developments in our hospital treatment
-and the reclaiming of the productive power of our men who
-have been or will be crippled by accident or disease.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was very evident from the first experience with returned
-disabled soldiers in Canadian convalescent hospitals, that they
-needed some definite work to engage their attention just as soon
-as they were able to do it. After a prolonged illness their morale
-was very low, and many were convinced that they were so badly
-disabled that they would never be good for anything again. Nerves,
-muscles, and tendons which had been seriously damaged by wounds,
-could be healed and brought back to part of their former power
-by operative treatment, massage, electric therapy, etc., but at a
-certain stage further improvement could take place only through
-the action of the <em>will</em> of the patient. At this point the soldier
-will try to make his damaged body function properly if he is
-absorbed in some interesting task.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Consequently, handicraft work was introduced into the hospitals
-under the title of ward occupations. In the summer of 1917
-volunteers from the V.A.D. of the St. John Ambulance Association
-were trained in different handicrafts at the Nova Scotia
-Technical College, and gave their services to the patients at Camp
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_336'>336</span>Hill and Pine Hill Hospitals. The value of the work soon became
-apparent, and a central training school for ward aides, as the
-handicraft teachers were called, was opened in Toronto. Young
-women of education, character, and aptitude were carefully selected
-for this work, and as soon as they had been given training, they
-were placed in every military hospital and sanitarium. They co-operated
-with the medical officers and nursing sisters in every
-particular, and a combined effort was made to get every patient
-busy at some kind of work just as soon as he was able to do anything.
-Basketry, weaving, embroidery, leather tooling, raffia work,
-toy-making, wood carving, art craft, metal work, and other forms
-of occupation were provided. The chief difficulty was in first getting
-the individual interested; and this task took an immense amount
-of tact and persuasion in some instances.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The underlying motive was to divert the man’s mind from its
-morbid state and to give him a mental stimulus back toward civilian
-life. In the majority of cases, the patient would make artistic
-objects for his relatives and friends. If he wished to keep the
-articles he merely paid for the cost of the material, but if he did
-not want them the Vocational Branch offered them for sale at a
-fair commercial value, deducted the cost of raw materials and
-gave the balance to the patient. There was no idea of instructing
-the men in gainful trades Which they could follow after their
-discharge.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Too high a tribute cannot be paid to the high character and
-ability and the unflagging devotion of the Nova Scotia Ward
-Aides. They gave the same high form of unselfish, patriotic
-service that was characteristic of the best groups of women workers.
-The ward occupations were of enormous benefit in making the
-weary hours of the days pass quickly, in improving the discipline
-in the institutions, and in materially shortening the time of treatment
-in many cases. The handicraft work has been specially
-developed for insane patients, and helps to fill the pathetic lives of
-the soldiers confined in the Nova Scotia Hospital for the Insane.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A large proportion of the men in the institutions were not
-confined to their wards. Their disabilities were such, or they had
-reached such an advanced stage in their treatment, that they were
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_337'>337</span>able to move about and to perform light work. For these cases
-there was only a half-hour a day of treatment, and the rest of the
-time might be spent in playing cards, in reading magazines, or in
-sheer idleness. There was great danger that the men might become
-“hospitalized” and unfitted for the stern tasks of industrial life.
-Therefore, curative workshops were provided, where a wide range
-of classes was held for six or seven hours a day. Practical and
-accomplished instructors were in charge of the various branches,
-and nearly every soldier, physically fit to pursue such studies, could
-find something of interest and value. Many of the patients had
-never had a fair chance to get a good education, and a goodly
-number who had had such an opportunity had not availed themselves
-of it. A few of the soldiers did not even know how to
-read and write. As mechanics, most of the soldiers had acquired
-such skill as they possessed in a careless and haphazard manner
-and were not thoroughly competent. To suit the general needs
-and tastes of the patients, instruction was offered in business
-English, practical arithmetic, practical algebra, geometry and trigonometry,
-bookkeeping, stenography and typewriting, telegraphy,
-mechanical and architectural drafting, gardening, woodworking,
-shoe repairing, automobile driving and repair, etc.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>These adult students made amazing progress in their studies.
-Those who had forgotten all their mathematics, except the first
-four rules, covered years of school work in a few months, and in
-going over it the second time would never again forget it. Foreigners
-and men who were illiterate learned the rudiments of
-arithmetic and the English language in a surprisingly short time.
-Others were absorbed in the work of the different classes, and
-gained valuable knowledge according to their ability and the length
-of time they stayed in the hospital. For some of them, who were
-not entitled to industrial re-training after discharge, it was their
-only opportunity to get general or vocational education. For those
-who were so disabled that they could not return to their old
-occupations, the curative workshops offered a trying-out ground
-where they could test their aptitudes and often lay a solid basis
-for further training. It was a pathetic as well as an inspiring sight
-to see some grizzled hero bringing back muscular power to a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_338'>338</span>scarred and withered arm in planing a piece of wood to make
-some piece of furniture for his home. The workshop offered
-practically the only method of treatment to the neurasthenic or
-“shell-shocked” patient. No medicine or massage or operation
-could help him, and only the stimulation of his self-interest in
-class work could get him to forget himself and thus gradually
-bring him back to normal.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first curative workshop classes to be opened in the Dominion
-started at the Ross Convalescent Hospital in Sydney, on April 4,
-1916. They were rapidly developed in every hospital and sanatorium
-throughout Canada, and proved of immense benefit in
-helping to re-establish our disabled soldiers who received treatment
-in Canada.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>By far the most important division of the vocational work of
-civil re-establishment, however, was the industrial re-training.
-France and Belgium showed the way in which crippled men could
-be trained for future usefulness in suitable trades; and practically
-every belligerent country evolved a system of human rehabilitation
-for maimed soldiers. Canada had the advantage of time to plan
-and develop her methods of dealing with this problem before she
-was swamped with numbers, and consequently was able to establish
-a uniform system with centralized authority. The basis of the
-whole work was to give suitable training for every soldier who,
-through some disability incurred in military service, could not
-efficiently resume the occupation which he followed prior to
-enlistment. In addition to this class, all men classed as minors,
-who had enlisted under the age of eighteen, were later given training
-if their war service had seriously interfered with their
-preparation for their chosen occupation, whether they were disabled
-or not.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Every effort was made to place the disabled man in the right
-position. He was interviewed by a sympathetic and competent
-official and counselled intelligently about the important choice of a
-new trade. The soldier already had industrial experience and, in
-the majority of cases, had some definite idea of what he wished to
-do. If his conceptions of the duties, remuneration, conditions of
-work, chances for promotion, stability, etc., in the new occupation,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_339'>339</span>were wrong, he was reasonably and patiently advised to make
-another choice. The disabled man, however, always made the
-decision about his own future. His own wishes were followed as
-far as possible, because he would make a failure of his training
-and of his new occupation if he himself was not satisfied and
-enthusiastic.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The queer trait of human nature that considers “distant fields
-as ever green” was much in evidence. During his former experience,
-the disabled soldier had always had a conviction that some
-other job completely outside of his own vocation was easier and
-better paid, or that some new development of industry was holding
-out its arms and screaming for workers. Consequently, there was
-a common tendency to enter some vocation wholly outside of his
-former experience. Most of the men were extremely reasonable
-and when all the facts were put before them they made wise
-decisions. Every definite effort was made to keep the man as
-close as possible to the industry in which he was employed before
-enlistment. If they had all tried to crowd into a few of the highly
-skilled occupations, there would not have been vacancies enough
-to give them all employment. So the training was made as wide
-as business and industry. Schools and classes were organized and
-equipped for those vocations which needed preliminary education
-under skilled instructors, and for which comparatively large groups
-of men were preparing. In cases where men were deficient in
-general education, and needed some fundamental knowledge of
-English and arithmetic in order to succeed, they were given intensive
-preliminary instruction for one, two or three months before
-starting specialized vocational training. Every educational institution
-which offered intensive practical courses leading to wage-earning
-power, was made use of to the fullest extent. Industry
-itself, however, offered the widest opportunities, and a great
-proportion of the students were placed directly in industry to learn
-there how to fill the job acceptably under working conditions, so
-that at the end of their period of training they could slip over on
-the pay roll of the employer without any break. Other men, who
-had preliminary training in the special trade classes established
-by the Department of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment, were placed
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_340'>340</span>in industry for the latter part of their period of education so that
-they would get accustomed to workshop conditions, and in order
-that there would be no appreciable hiatus between training and
-employment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In order to provide ample means for the training and employment
-of the thousands of men the War produced, it was necessary
-to secure the closest co-operation of the employers, trade unions,
-and the general public. It is a pleasure to chronicle the fact that
-everybody gave active help without stint. The Dominion Steel
-Corporation and the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company, the
-largest single employers of labor in Nova Scotia, announced publicly
-that they would find a suitable place for every one of their former
-employees who had gone into military service and who desired
-work after his discharge. They carried out their promise, and
-also provided every possible facility for re-training disabled men.
-Trade unions also gave generous assistance, and waived all restrictions
-regarding apprenticeship where these might be detrimental
-to maimed and crippled soldiers who were learning new trades.
-Without all this splendid co-operation, the results achieved in
-Canada in re-training the disabled soldiers for future usefulness
-would have been impossible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The usual period of time that was found necessary to put the
-discharged soldiers on their feet so that they could earn the
-prevailing wage in a new occupation, was seven or eight months.
-During the War, when all labor was very scarce, employers would
-accept men and give them full wages after about six months’ training,
-but when competition became keener and more workers became
-available in 1919, eight months was found to be necessary in most
-cases, and sometimes even a whole year. During the period of
-learning a new vocation, the soldier’s pension was suspended, and
-he and his dependants received a uniform scale of pay and allowances
-as follows:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Single man</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$60 00</td>
-    <td class='c025'>per month.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Married man and wife</td>
-    <td class='c008'>85 00</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„    „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Married man with wife and one child</td>
-    <td class='c008'>95 00</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„    „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Married man with wife and two children</td>
-    <td class='c008'>103 00</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„    „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Married man with wife and three children</td>
-    <td class='c008'>110 00</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„    „</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>For each additional child above three</td>
-    <td class='c008'>6 00</td>
-    <td class='c025'>„    „</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_341'>341</span>If training caused the man to live apart from his dependants,
-an extra allowance of $16.00 per month was granted. Owing to
-the increased cost of living, these rates were advanced on September
-1, 1920.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>All classes carried on by the Department of Civil Re-establishment
-in Nova Scotia were conducted for eight hours per day in
-order to get the men accustomed to the conditions prevailing in
-industry. Where men were sent to educational institutions, or were
-apprenticed in industry, they were subject to the rules and regulations
-in force at the place where they were learning.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The scope of the work widened rapidly as it progressed until
-men were being re-trained for more than 300 different occupations.
-It is not necessary to give a list of these occupations, but the comprehensive
-field covered may be imagined if only those classified
-under the letter “A” were mentioned:—</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Accountant.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Adding Machine Operator.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Adding Machine Repairer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Advertising Agent.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Aeroplane Manufacturing Worker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Agriculture—Bee Keeping.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Dairying.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Farm Tractor Operating.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Farm Mechanics.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Floriculture.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Fruit Raising.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>General Farming.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Horticulture.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Market Gardening.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Poultry Raising.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>Seed Testing.</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>University Course.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Air Brake Mechanic.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Architectural Draftsman.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Armature Winder.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Artificial Limb Maker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Art Lead Glazer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Art Metal Worker.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Assayer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Auctioneer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Automobile Mechanic.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Automobile Painter.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Automobile Salesman.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Automobile Storage Battery Repairer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Automobile Tire Vulcanizer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Automobile Truck Driver.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Automobile Upholsterer.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The man who was placed in industry for training or employment
-was kept under constant supervision and visited every two
-or three weeks to ascertain his progress. If he was not securing
-proper treatment or opportunity to learn, he was moved to some
-other position. If his choice of occupation had not been wise, he
-was tried out in some other line of work. After he had finished
-his course, he was visited at least once a month for four months
-to see that his re-establishment was complete and his progress
-satisfactory.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_342'>342</span>The first group to receive industrial re-training in Canada
-consisted of a number of unfortunate members of a British West
-India Regiment. A large number were landed in Halifax in
-February, 1917, from a transport and were sent to hospital to be
-treated for severe frost bite. Nine of them had to have both legs
-amputated and eight of them lost one leg or a portion of a leg.
-Previous to enlistment these Jamaicans had been “cultivators” or
-agricultural laborers, and had very little education. When their
-hospital treatment was completed they were re-trained by the Vocational
-Branch in Halifax. Mr. W. J. Clayton gave over his whole
-residence and the Provincial Branch of the Red Cross Society
-fitted it up completely for a convalescent hospital and re-training
-centre. The men were given instruction in three trades suitable
-to their disability, viz., tailoring, shoe repairing, and tin-smithing.
-At the end of five and one-half months they were sent back to
-Jamaica able to earn at least fifty per cent. more in their new
-occupations than they had received before as laborers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The work of re-training disabled Nova Scotian soldiers began
-seriously in the spring of 1917. A centre was established at the
-Technical College in Halifax. It was fortunate, indeed, that the
-Province had embarked on its scheme of technical education before
-the War, and that this splendid institution stood ready with all its
-equipment and trained Staff to render service to the men disabled
-in war. The Provincial Government turned practically the whole
-establishment over to the Dominion Government for this work.
-Classes in garage mechanics, automobile tire vulcanizing, electricity,
-mechanical, architectural and ship drafting, land surveying, machine
-tool operation, stationary engineering, oxyacetylene welding, shoe
-repairing, etc., were organized. The institution became a busy hive
-of industry. The numbers grew until larger quarters had to be
-secured for part of the classes. In the summer of 1919 a large
-group of demobilization barracks on Cunard St., Halifax, was
-taken over and specially fitted and equipped for educational
-purposes. This was called the Borden Re-training Centre, and the
-main portion of the work has been done there since that time.
-A number of the classes are still maintained at the Technical
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_343'>343</span>College, and this service will be rendered by the College until the
-whole task is completed.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The number of re-training students in Nova Scotia increased
-rapidly in 1919 until it reached its peak with a strength of about
-2,300 in March, 1920. From this number it has rapidly declined.
-Altogether, in the Province, about 4,000 returned men have been
-granted courses to this date. When one considers that they were
-training for nearly 300 trades, and that they were being admitted
-to and discharged from courses every day, that they and their
-dependants must be paid twice a month, that employment must be
-found for them, that they must be followed up for four months
-after completing their training, and thousands of their difficulties
-smoothed out, the magnitude of the task can be appreciated.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A centre for re-training men in agriculture was established at
-the Nova Scotia Agricultural College at Truro. Here again this
-advantage of having a fully equipped institution, with a Staff of
-highly-trained specialists ready to render service to the discharged
-soldiers, cannot be overestimated. All the re-training students from
-the three Maritime Provinces were sent here, because it was the
-only place in this area competent to meet their needs. Special
-courses adapted for the purpose were provided, and the regular
-Staff of the College gave unstintingly of their time and knowledge.
-Like the Technical College, the Agricultural College allowed discharged
-soldiers to attend all regular courses without any tuition
-fees. The number of men applying for re-training in agricultural
-branches was small because most forms of farming demand physical
-fitness, and the army experience of the soldiers tended to
-make them wish to stick to industries in the towns.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Contrary to the expectations of the public, very few men were
-blinded in the army. Wounds that would deprive a man of his
-sight usually killed him. Out of our forces of about a half million
-men, only 130 have had their vision impaired to such an extent
-that they require re-training. The Canadian authorities arranged
-with Sir Arthur Pearson that the blind men should all be trained
-in that splendid institution, St. Dunstan’s Hostel, in London. In
-the early days of the War, however, a few blinded men drifted
-back to Canada without training. These were collected and about
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_344'>344</span>a dozen sent to Halifax, where they were given special instruction
-under the Military Hospitals Commission at the School for the
-Blind. They were taught Braille reading and writing, typewriting,
-Braille stenography, massage, and shoe repairing. Most of the
-men made remarkable progress, and are successfully earning their
-own livings to-day.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Altogether Canada has granted about 53,000 courses of re-training.
-From the very first she has followed a sane, practical
-policy, and has enjoyed the advantages of uniformity and centralized
-control throughout all the Provinces.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The results speak for themselves. In Nova Scotia 65 per cent.
-of the men who have completed their courses are successfully
-re-established in the occupation for which they were trained.
-Another 20 per cent. are earning satisfactory wages in other lines
-of work than those for which they were specifically prepared.
-These men have changed because they saw better opportunities
-for themselves, individually, in another vocation, or they may have
-felt fit enough, after their course, to return to their old occupation.
-Their training will not be lost, because they are so much more
-competent because of having it. Ten per cent. of the men have gone
-out of the Province and cannot be traced. It is safe to conclude
-that most of these are successfully re-established. Two per cent.
-of the men are reported as unemployed, but it is not known to what
-extent this is due to lack of temporary opportunity or disinclination
-on the part of the man. Three per cent. of the men are
-reported as still ill and temporarily under treatment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This high salvage among war-wrecked men can be accepted
-with great satisfaction by every patriotic Canadian. Without the
-loyal co-operation of every section of society and the unflagging
-devotion to duty on the part of the large Staff of returned men
-who were engaged in administration and instruction, these results
-would have been impossible. Canada’s record of reconstruction
-and her efforts to rehabilitate the brave soldiers who gave of their
-youth and strength in the service of the country, stand on a par
-with her military achievements.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_345'>345</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER L.<br /> <em>THE PATRIOTIC FUND.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The Nova Scotia Branch of the Canadian Patriotic Fund
-was organized in Halifax, September 2, 1914, with the
-late Lieutenant-Governor Hon. James D. MacGregor as
-Chairman of the Provincial Executive. On completion of his term
-of office as Governor, he was succeeded by Hon. David McKeen as
-Chairman, who acted to the time of his death, November 13, 1916.
-On appointment to the office of Lieutenant-Governor, His Honor
-MacCallum Grant became Chairman of the Executive. Other
-members of the Executive who have continued in office from September,
-1914, to date, are:—Hon. G. H. Murray, M.P.P., Premier
-and Provincial Secretary; Hon. Chief Justice Harris, Hon. E. N.
-Rhodes, M.P., the Chairman of County Branches; H. A. Flemming,
-Treasurer; and Arthur S. Barnstead, B.A., LL.B., Secretary.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The total amount raised and remitted to the Honorary Treasurer
-to March 31, 1919, was $1,847,883.31, and to March 31,
-1920, was $1,862,431.80. The total amount disbursed was to
-March 31, 1919, $1,628,177.04, and to March 31, 1920, $1,726,520.30.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Central Executive arranged for the collection of the
-amounts allotted to the Province in connection with the various
-campaigns, and county committees co-operating. With but one
-exception, every county municipality contributed to the Fund, and
-practically every town of the Province made grants. In two or
-three towns, private individuals made collections for the Fund
-where no grant was made by the Town Council.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The distribution of relief was supervised by the Provincial
-Executive, requisitions being drawn by the treasurer of every county
-for the money required, the list of beneficiaries being carefully
-checked before the money was placed to the credit of the local
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_346'>346</span>treasurer. The result of co-operation between the Provincial Executive
-and the various relief committees was so beneficial that
-very little difficulty arose and the rules and regulations of the Fund
-were very carefully observed. Complaints by the families of
-soldiers themselves were very few, and all complaints were readily
-adjusted. The expense of both collections and disbursements was
-kept at a low figure, there being only one or two paid officials in
-the larger counties, and these but part time. In addition to that,
-some small grants were made for stenographic and clerical
-assistance.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_347'>347</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER LI.<br /> <em>VICTORY LOAN, 1919.</em></h2>
-</div>
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>Provincial Executive Committee.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>G. S. Campbell</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Chairman.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>S. A. Heward</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Secretary.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>R. H. Metzler.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>P. R. Jack.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>W. B. Milner.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>A. F. Mackintosh.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>H. M. Bradford.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>R. W. Elliott.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>B. G. Burrill.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>W. F. Mahon.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>W. I. MacDougall.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>H. C. Coughtry.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>Bankers’ Committee.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>D. Macgillivray</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Chairman.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>H. A. Flemming.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>A. E. Nash.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>F. St. C. Harris.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>F. O. Robertson.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>Publicity Committee.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Chairman</td>
-    <td class='c018'>J. R. McLeod.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>Special Names Committee.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Chairman</td>
-    <td class='c018'>B. G. Burrill.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>Provincial Press Committee.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Chairman</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Dr. J. D. Logan.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='3'>Chairmen.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>County.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>1917–18.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>1919.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Annapolis</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Hon. S. W. W. Pickup.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Hon. S. W. W. Pickup.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Antigonish</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Rev. J. T. Tompkins.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Rev. R. S. Macgillivray.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cape Breton</td>
-    <td class='c009'>John E. Burchell.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Walter Crowe, K.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Colchester</td>
-    <td class='c009'>A. J. Campbell, K.C.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>A. J. Campbell, K.C.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cumberland</td>
-    <td class='c009'>J. R. Douglas.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Percy C. Black.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Clare</td>
-    <td class='c009'>E. L. Comeau.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>E. L. Comeau.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Digby</td>
-    <td class='c009'>H. B. Short.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>H. B. Short.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Guysboro</td>
-    <td class='c009'>E. C. Whitman.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>E. C. Whitman.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hants</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Rev. Dr. T. S. Boyle.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Rev. Dr. T. S. Boyle.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Inverness</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Rev. A. L. McDonald.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Rev. A. L. McDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Kings</td>
-    <td class='c009'>W. H. Chase.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>George E. Graham.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lunenburg</td>
-    <td class='c009'>J. J. Kinley, M.P.P.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>J. J. Kinley, M.P.P.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pictou East</td>
-    <td class='c009'>R. M. McGregor.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>John D. McDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pictou West</td>
-    <td class='c009'>R. M. McGregor.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>J. Ed. McDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Queens</td>
-    <td class='c009'>A. W. Hendry.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>George S. McClearn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Richmond</td>
-    <td class='c009'>D. H. Campbell.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>D. H. Campbell.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Shelburne</td>
-    <td class='c009'>R. Irwin, M.P.P.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>R. Irwin, M.P.P.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Victoria</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Hon. W. F. McCurdy.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Hon. W. F. McCurdy.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Yarmouth</td>
-    <td class='c009'>E. K. Spinney, M.P.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>E. K. Spinney, M.P.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax County</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Hon. G. E. Faulkner.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Hon. G. E Faulkner.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax City</td>
-    <td class='c009'>W. A. Black.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>W. A. Black.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_348'>348</span>
-<img src='images/i_348a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>GEORGE S. CAMPBELL.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/i_348b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>WILLIAM BLACK.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='6'><span class='pageno' id='Page_349'>349</span></td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='6'>1917 and 1918 Victory Loans—Final Returns.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>County.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>No. Sub. 1917.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>No. Sub. 1918.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Volume 1917.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Volume 1918.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>Objective 1918.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Halifax City</td>
-    <td class='c008'>7,656</td>
-    <td class='c008'>9,918</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$4,592,500</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$9,314,050</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$5,000,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Halifax County</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,472</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,402</td>
-    <td class='c008'>533,200</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,003,950</td>
-    <td class='c017'>615,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>City and County</td>
-    <td class='c008'>9,128</td>
-    <td class='c008'>12,320</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,125,700</td>
-    <td class='c008'>10,318,000</td>
-    <td class='c017'>5,615,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Annapolis</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,418</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,357</td>
-    <td class='c008'>497,950</td>
-    <td class='c008'>623,750</td>
-    <td class='c017'>500,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Antigonish</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,218</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,369</td>
-    <td class='c008'>430,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>554,050</td>
-    <td class='c017'>430,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Cape Breton</td>
-    <td class='c008'>11,251</td>
-    <td class='c008'>17,551</td>
-    <td class='c008'>4,208,100</td>
-    <td class='c008'>6,631,900</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,000,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Colchester</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,294</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,693</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,003,500</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,374,130</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,000,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Cumberland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,605</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,388</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,137,800</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,080,350</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,500,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Digby Municipality</td>
-    <td class='c008'>844</td>
-    <td class='c008'>927</td>
-    <td class='c008'>292,850</td>
-    <td class='c008'>463,100</td>
-    <td class='c017'>500,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Clare Municipality</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>152</td>
-    <td class='c008'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'>124,250</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Guysboro</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,079</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,258</td>
-    <td class='c008'>377,900</td>
-    <td class='c008'>425,850</td>
-    <td class='c017'>375,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Hants</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,460</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,873</td>
-    <td class='c008'>527,300</td>
-    <td class='c008'>793,100</td>
-    <td class='c017'>650,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Inverness</td>
-    <td class='c008'>920</td>
-    <td class='c008'>922</td>
-    <td class='c008'>324,900</td>
-    <td class='c008'>399,700</td>
-    <td class='c017'>325,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Kings</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,817</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,305</td>
-    <td class='c008'>586,150</td>
-    <td class='c008'>847,060</td>
-    <td class='c017'>650,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Lunenburg</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,236</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,880</td>
-    <td class='c008'>570,250</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,462,600</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,000,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Pictou</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,679</td>
-    <td class='c008'>7,661</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,073,750</td>
-    <td class='c008'>4,044,500</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,000,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Queens</td>
-    <td class='c008'>628</td>
-    <td class='c008'>634</td>
-    <td class='c008'>258,150</td>
-    <td class='c008'>343,400</td>
-    <td class='c017'>300,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Richmond</td>
-    <td class='c008'>638</td>
-    <td class='c008'>564</td>
-    <td class='c008'>164,500</td>
-    <td class='c008'>200,650</td>
-    <td class='c017'>175,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Shelburne</td>
-    <td class='c008'>679</td>
-    <td class='c008'>896</td>
-    <td class='c008'>317,400</td>
-    <td class='c008'>411,150</td>
-    <td class='c017'>350,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Victoria</td>
-    <td class='c008'>429</td>
-    <td class='c008'>504</td>
-    <td class='c008'>161,600</td>
-    <td class='c008'>178,400</td>
-    <td class='c017'>160,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Yarmouth</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,115</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,505</td>
-    <td class='c008'>457,450</td>
-    <td class='c008'>767,760</td>
-    <td class='c017'>600,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c008'>45,438</td>
-    <td class='c008'>60,759</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$19,515,250</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$33,043,700</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$20,130,000</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Unofficial objective, $25,000,000, being Nova Scotia’s proportion of
-$500,000,000.</p>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='4'>Nova Scotia Victory Loan Campaign, 1919.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>County.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Objective.</th>
-    <th class='c021'>Subscribed.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>No. of Subs.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax City</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$4,750,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$6,896,900</td>
-    <td class='c017'>6,781</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax County</td>
-    <td class='c008'>475,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,521,000</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,421</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>City and County</td>
-    <td class='c008'>5,225,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>8,417,900</td>
-    <td class='c017'>9,202</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Annapolis</td>
-    <td class='c008'>350,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>628,250</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,008</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Antigonish</td>
-    <td class='c008'>300,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>453,200</td>
-    <td class='c017'>786</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cape Breton</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,500,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>4,936,200</td>
-    <td class='c017'>8,801</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Colchester</td>
-    <td class='c008'>700,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,182,000</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,843</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cumberland</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,250,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,199,650</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,266</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Digby (Clare Municipality)</td>
-    <td class='c008'>175,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>180,350</td>
-    <td class='c017'>144</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Digby (Digby Municipality)</td>
-    <td class='c008'>175,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>339,350</td>
-    <td class='c017'>458</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Guysboro</td>
-    <td class='c008'>275,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>490,000</td>
-    <td class='c017'>893</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hants</td>
-    <td class='c008'>500,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>618,000</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,147</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Inverness</td>
-    <td class='c008'>225,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>399,100</td>
-    <td class='c017'>711</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Kings</td>
-    <td class='c008'>550,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>932,800</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,523</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lunenburg</td>
-    <td class='c008'>750,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,247,750</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,789</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pictou</td>
-    <td class='c008'>2,000,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>3,174,700</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,812</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Queens</td>
-    <td class='c008'>245,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>335,000</td>
-    <td class='c017'>453</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Richmond</td>
-    <td class='c008'>100,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>201,850</td>
-    <td class='c017'>295</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Shelburne</td>
-    <td class='c008'>275,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>376,100</td>
-    <td class='c017'>628</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Victoria</td>
-    <td class='c008'>100,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>229,700</td>
-    <td class='c017'>358</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Yarmouth</td>
-    <td class='c008'>450,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>1,180,000</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,281</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c008'><hr /></td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$17,145,000</td>
-    <td class='c008'>$28,521,900</td>
-    <td class='c017'>36,398</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_350'>350</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER LII.<br /> <em>RED CROSS SOCIETY, WILLING WAR WORKERS, GREEN FEATHER SOCIETY, AND CATHOLIC LADIES SOCIETY.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The Red Cross has been the Angel of Mercy to the soldier
-lying on his fevered couch in hospital, for it brought to him
-succor and a message of hope and cheer. But coming in
-contact with it at a time when he was least able to apprehend the
-efforts which brought the help so sorely needed, he is apt to regard
-the Red Cross as a field institution and fails to appreciate the labor
-and sacrifice of the women at home who made its work of mercy
-possible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The work of the Nova Scotia Branch of the Canadian Red Cross
-Society has been the raising of money, manufacturing and distribution
-of goods, visiting and supplying the needs of hospital ships,
-trains, military and convalescent hospitals, and arranging concerts,
-drives and entertainments at private homes for returned men. Its
-work did not terminate with the declaration of peace but still goes
-on in almost as great a measure as in time of war, and will continue
-to do so as long as one returned soldier remains in our
-hospitals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Many Nova Scotians, as well as returned men, do not appreciate
-the magnitude of the task accomplished by the Nova Scotia Branch
-of the Canadian Red Cross, and it is only possible here to give a
-brief outline of its activities. The women of every city, town and
-village in the Province gave the best of their thought, substance
-and action in order that the citizen soldier of Nova Scotia, whether
-in the fighting line or in hospital convalescing from wounds might
-have every possible comfort. At the end of 1915 the Province had
-thirty-one chartered and two hundred and sixty-eight auxiliary
-branches of the Red Cross. Every village and hamlet had its
-workers who contributed a steady stream of supplies and an enormous
-amount of labor devolved upon the Provincial Branch at
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_351'>351</span>Halifax, which acted as a Clearing House for all branches throughout
-the Province.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The officers of the Provincial Branch during the War, with
-slight changes of office but not of personnel, were as follows:</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Patrons.</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'>His Honor Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Grant.</div>
-    <div class='c002'><em>President.</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Mrs. William Dennis.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_351a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. DENNIS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_351b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. CHARLES ARCHIBALD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Vice-Presidents.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. F. H. Sexton.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. F. B. McCurdy.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Chas. Archibald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Hector McInnis.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. M. A. Curry (Hon.)</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Hon. Secretary.</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Miss Margaret Brown.</div>
-    <div class='c002'><em>Hon. Treasurer.</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'>H. E. Mahon, Ess.</div>
-    <div class='c002'><em>Executive Committee.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. T. Benson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. A. W. Jamieson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. G. S. Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. F. Woodbury.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. W. J. Armitage.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. E. A. Kirkpatrick.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. N. Duffus.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. A. Costley.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. W. E. McLellan.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. F. B. McCurdy.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. H. W. Cunningham.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. L. J. Donaldson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. G. A. MacIntosh.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. W. R. Foster, Dartmouth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. A. P. Scarfe, Dartmouth.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Crathorne, Dartmouth.</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_352'>352</span>Mrs. W. S. Munnis.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Miss Jean Forrest.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Miss Constance Bell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Sedley Thompson.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Miss Ella Ritchie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. McKay McLeod, Sydney.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. M. A. Curry.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. T. S. Rogers.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Frank Hope.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. J. A. Clark.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. I. B. Schaffner.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. P. J. McManus.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. W. T. Allen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. J. W. Longley.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Geoffrey Morrow.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Also the President of each Chartered Branch.</div>
-    <div class='c002'><em>Provincial Representatives on Central Council at Toronto.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. William Dennis.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Charles Archibald.</div>
-      <div class='line'>J. L. Hetherington.</div>
-      <div class='line'>H. E. Mahon.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><em>Advisory Board.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. J. L. Hetherington, Chairman.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. J. A. Neville.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. H. E. Mahon, Treasurer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. C. C. Starr.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. Chas. V. Monoghan.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. Emil Gaboury.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. R. Corbett.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. H. McF. Hall.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. W. H. Dennis.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mr. F. A. Gillis.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The annual report of the Provincial Branch for the year ended
-October 31, 1916, shows a balance on hand at first of year of
-$10,961.26 and receipts for the year of $52,667.62. Disbursements
-amounted to $56,584.89, of which the principal items were:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Remittances to Head Office, Toronto</td>
-    <td class='c010'>$29,278 38</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Remittances to endow 50 cots in Princess Patricia Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,500 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Material for surgical dressings and garments, and wool for socks</td>
-    <td class='c010'>18,163 17</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Office maintenance and expenses at Shipping Pier</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,388 12</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Clayton Military Convalescent Home</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,993 67</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Contributions to Special Objects</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,141 21</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The sum of $9,405.25 was collected for Prisoners’ Relief Account
-and $8,800 sent to England for expenditure. In addition
-to the above amounts the people of Nova Scotia subscribed $1,500
-to the Duchess of Connaught Prisoners’ Fund and $78,433.03 to the
-British Red Cross.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two thousand four hundred and seventy cases of goods were
-sent Overseas during the year, including 78 cases furnished No. 7
-(Dalhousie) Stationary Hospital, 112 cases to No. 9 (St. Francis
-Xavier) Stationary Hospital, 11 cases to Serbia and 60 to France.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the year ended October 31, 1917, the following amounts
-were collected:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>For General Purposes</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$62,179 80</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>For Prisoners’ Fund</td>
-    <td class='c017'>18,790 22</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>For French Red Cross</td>
-    <td class='c017'>21,897 63</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>British Red Cross Collection</td>
-    <td class='c017'>100,000 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$202,867 65</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_353'>353</span>The principal items of expenditure were:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Purchase of materials, hospital supplies, etc.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>$39,674 84</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sundry supplies</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,318 60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Marine and Fire Insurance</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,351 50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Contributions to Special Objects</td>
-    <td class='c010'>4,706 51</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Tobacco, fruits and comforts at Pier 2 and City Military Hospitals</td>
-    <td class='c010'>3,963 05</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Remittance to Head Office, Toronto</td>
-    <td class='c010'>32,020 70</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Office Expenses</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,055 66</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Forwarded to England for support of prisoners</td>
-    <td class='c010'>12,000 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Forwarded to Toronto</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,000 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Forwarded to England for books for prisoners</td>
-    <td class='c010'>100 00</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two thousand and ninety-nine cases of goods were sent Overseas,
-and a greatly enlarged demand for goods was made on this
-side of the water owing to the increasing number of returned men
-and the opening of the new convalescent hospitals as well as the
-arrival and departure of hospital ships and trains. The following
-institutions were supplied with goods on their requisitions:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Clayton Military Convalescent Home.</div>
-      <div class='line'>C.E.D. Corps.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Discharge Depot.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hospital at Pier 2.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Pine Hill Convalescent Home.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Rockhead Hospital (Soldiers’ ward).</div>
-      <div class='line'>Infectious Hospital.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Military Hospital, Cogswell Street.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hospital Ships.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hospital Trains.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kentville Sanitarium.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dalton, P.E.I.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Camp Hill Hospital.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Truro Military Hospital.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Aldershot Field Hospital.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_353.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. F. B. M‘CURDY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Visitors were always on hand on the
-arrival of hospital ships and the departure
-of hospital trains to welcome
-the returning men and to see that they
-had every comfort necessary for the
-remainder of their journey. A room
-was given to the Red Cross Society for
-the storing of supplies at Pier 2. This
-was found most useful, as boats and
-trains were despatched as soon as possible—only
-a few hours’ notice being
-given for the filling of requisitions, which work, however, was
-speedily and ably done by Mrs. Sexton and her committee, Mrs.
-F. B. McCurdy and Mrs. W. T. Allen, the latter of whom carried
-on the work to the termination. Many returned men were detained
-for days at Pier 2 until they went before their medical
-board. For these, concerts and entertainments were provided
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_354'>354</span>every evening by the Y.M.C.A., the Red Cross Society and the
-Churches. A special Y.M.C.A. Musical Club was formed in this
-connection which gave entertainments at a few hours’ notice.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two exhibitions of Red Cross work were held during the year,
-one at the Nova Scotia Provincial Fair, and another at the Exhibit
-of War Trophies, held in the Armories.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A Committee on Sphagnum Surgical Dressings, under the able
-supervision of the Secretary, Miss Margaret Brown, was appointed.
-Dalhousie University very kindly gave the use of a fine laboratory,
-where boxes of sphagnum, collected from various points along the
-sea coast of the Province were prepared for use.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_354a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MISS MARGARET BROWN.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_354b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MISS JEAN FORREST.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Miss Jean Forrest was appointed Superintendent of Supplies at
-the Technical College and distributed parcels of yarn and cut-out
-work at wholesale prices, to some one hundred and thirty branches
-who found it difficult to obtain supplies locally.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The cost of maintaining a prisoner of war at this time was
-$15 per month. The Nova Scotia Red Cross assumed the burden
-of two-thirds, or $10 per month for 270 men, the Canadian Red
-Cross paying the additional $5. The monthly sum required from
-Nova Scotia for the support of prisoners was therefore $2,700.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Receipts for the year ended October 31, 1918, amounted to
-$408,482.66, of which $334,176.40 was raised by a Provincial Red
-Cross drive for funds during the second week in July.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_355'>355</span>The Canadian Red Cross Society at their Annual Meeting, held
-in Toronto in 1917, decided to ask the different Provinces to raise
-certain sums of money during the year. Two hundred thousand
-dollars was named for Nova Scotia, but the Finance Committee
-knowing full well that the people of the Province would gladly contribute
-to the Red Cross War Fund raised the objective to
-$250,000, and then started to work under the able direction of
-Mr. J. L. Hetherington and Mr. H. E. Mahon. Committees of
-citizens were formed in all the counties, and a complete organization
-arranged, with the result that every county “went over the top,”
-and the total amount contributed was $343,701.77. From this was
-deducted $9,525.37 for expenses in connection with the campaign,
-leaving the net amount of $334,176.40 to the Red Cross Society.
-Never did men and women from one end of the Province to the
-other work more enthusiastically, and never did our people contribute
-more liberally than to this appeal from “the Greatest Mother
-in the World.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following amounts were raised in the several counties:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009' colspan='2'>Counties—</td>
-    <td class='c010'>&nbsp;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Annapolis</td>
-    <td class='c010'>$9,713 54</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Antigonish</td>
-    <td class='c010'>5,598 33</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Cape Breton</td>
-    <td class='c010'>42,150 29</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Colchester</td>
-    <td class='c010'>20,444 29</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Cumberland</td>
-    <td class='c010'>20,196 46</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Digby</td>
-    <td class='c010'>4,464 04</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Guysboro</td>
-    <td class='c010'>5,521 24</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax (City)</td>
-    <td class='c010'>110,416 87</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax (County)</td>
-    <td class='c010'>15,425 31</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Hants</td>
-    <td class='c010'>10,340 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Inverness</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,903 67</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Kings</td>
-    <td class='c010'>10,650 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Lunenburg</td>
-    <td class='c010'>14,446 47</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Pictou</td>
-    <td class='c010'>40,235 27</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Queens</td>
-    <td class='c010'>6,341 61</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Richmond</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,332 47</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Shelburne</td>
-    <td class='c010'>7,500 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Victoria</td>
-    <td class='c010'>2,463 38</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Yarmouth</td>
-    <td class='c010'>11,510 36</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Special</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,048 17</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c010'>$343,701 77</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Expenses</td>
-    <td class='c010'>9,525 37</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c021'>Final Total</td>
-    <td class='c010'>$334,176 46</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_356'>356</span>The expenditure for the year 1918 included:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Purchase of materials, hospital supplies, etc</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$38,700 04</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sundry Supplies</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,218 32</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Comforts to City Military Hospitals and Hospital Ships</td>
-    <td class='c017'>9,331 67</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Special objects designated by remitters</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,158 53</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Remittances to Head Office, Toronto</td>
-    <td class='c017'>325,931 70</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Office Expenses and wages at Pier 2</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,746 49</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the year 1918 the public maintained their interest in the
-Prisoners of War Department of the Red Cross. The amount
-collected was $20,943.01, of which $19,013.00 was forwarded to
-headquarters in London, England, for the support of prisoners. The
-food rations of each prisoner of war were despatched regularly
-three times every fortnight, which, considering there were 270
-men on the list, was no light undertaking. In addition to the food
-supply the prisoners received two complete outfits of clothing, including
-everything from shoes and socks to overcoats.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>After the signing of the Armistice the work of repatriating
-prisoners went steadily on, and each steamer brought men who had
-spent many weary months in the prison camps, and they all testified
-to the value of the work done by this Society and declared that it
-was solely due to this that they were enabled to return to their
-homes. This department of Red Cross work has been most ably
-conducted by Mrs. Charles Archibald, nobly assisted by Miss
-Ritchie and Mrs. Longley.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The beginning of this year was marked by the terrible Halifax
-explosion, by which 1,635 persons lost their lives and 10,000 people
-were rendered homeless. Much generous help was received by the
-stricken city. Everyone knows the splendid aid sent by the American
-Red Cross, and the people and Government of the United
-States in despatching to Halifax train loads and boat loads of supplies,
-together with surgeons and nurses. Their neighborly kindness
-will never be forgotten.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>But the help rendered by our own Canadian Red Cross is perhaps
-not so widely known. The Chairman of the Executive in
-Toronto wired to the shipping agent in St. John to render every
-assistance possible in money and goods. The agent, Mr. Milburne,
-immediately requisitioned a special train, and brought with him all
-the Red Cross goods he had ready for shipment Overseas, making
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_357'>357</span>two car loads in all. This train was the first assistance from outside
-the Province to reach Halifax. Hearing that some of the
-injured had been conveyed to Truro, Mr. Milburne put off cases of
-hospital necessaries for their use at that station. A medical supply
-committee of the Canadian Red Cross Society was immediately
-formed with the sanction of the Halifax Relief Committee, Mr.
-Milburne being appointed Chairman, and Mrs. Sexton, Vice-Chairman,
-with a Staff of forty-four voluntary workers. Twice daily all
-the emergency hospitals were visited and their wants noted and
-supplied the same day. The number of these hospitals, dressing
-stations, etc., amounted to sixty-two.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the same time, gifts of clothing, food and money poured in
-from Red Cross Branches all over Canada. Ottawa Branch shipped
-in one day eight carloads of clothing. The Nova Scotia Branch,
-under its President, Mrs. Dennis, co-operated heartily, practically
-every Branch and Auxiliary in the Province sending substantial and
-generous aid.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Special mention must be made of the work of the President of
-the Windsor Red Cross, Mrs. P. M. Fielding, who organized a
-special train which arrived the evening of December 6th, bringing
-doctors and nurses from Kentville, Windsor, Truro and neighboring
-towns. The Windsor Red Cross alone spent $422.74 on
-Red Cross supplies and provisions for this trip, Hantsport and
-other Branches also providing hampers of food, so that the doctors
-and nurses had their meals en route and arrived in Halifax ready
-to go to work without an instant’s delay, thereby saving many lives.
-Mrs. Fielding remained in the city, established and equipped three
-dormitories, which accommodated in all seventy-five nurses. What
-this meant to the stricken city will never be computed, and the Red
-Cross feels that all who helped can never be sufficiently thanked.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was not until the end of March that the Red Cross was able
-to resume its work for returned invalided soldiers. By that time
-the hospital on Pier 2, wrecked by the explosion, had been repaired.
-The hospital ships once more made their trips, and the Red Cross
-storeroom on the pier was re-stocked. Large requisitions were filled
-each month; sometimes only a few hours’ notice was given to get the
-supplies on board—sometimes only a few minutes’ notice in the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_358'>358</span>case of a hospital train. On one trip the ship docked in the
-morning, landed her men and went out again with her new supplies
-in the afternoon. At another time 1,400 shipwrecked men
-from <em>S.S. City of Vienna</em> were visited and supplied with filled kit
-bags, containing toilet necessaries, pipes and tobacco. Directly
-after, the Committee were called upon to minister to 300 influenza
-contact cases. This necessitated the workers going into quarantine
-for two days, very busy days, too, the telegrams alone requiring
-upwards of 300 telephone calls. The Y.M.C.A. and the Knights of
-Columbus Musical Club were always at hand to cheer up men who
-were detained by the Medical Board, arranging for their benefit
-concerts, entertainments, motor drives and teas at private houses.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>One thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight cases of goods
-were sent Overseas, and the distribution of supplies on this side
-grew very greatly during the year owing to the increasing number
-of returned men and the opening of new convalescent homes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The financial statement for the year ended October 31, 1918,
-shows receipts of $36,848.65. Expenditures amounted to $41,804.01,
-including the following items:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Purchase of materials, City and Provincial Hospitals</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$12,172 04</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Kentville Sanitarium</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,014 42</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Soldiers’ Reception Committee</td>
-    <td class='c017'>9,000 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cigarettes</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,456 51</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Soldiers’ Comforts</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,260 23</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Libraries</td>
-    <td class='c017'>319 79</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Nurses</td>
-    <td class='c017'>378 10</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Furnishings</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,201 36</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Clayton Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c017'>175 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Rental and Expenses at Headquarters, 314 Barrington St.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3,858 89</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Office Expenses</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,789 85</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>X-Ray Machines, Kentville</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,396 43</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hospital Ships</td>
-    <td class='c017'>823 63</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>No salaries whatever were paid to officers of the Red Cross
-Society. The only persons connected with the work who received
-anything for their services were the shipper at Red Cross warehouse
-at Pier 2, who was responsible for the receiving and sending forward
-of our boxes, and the Office Secretary who took charge of the
-correspondence, kept the books, etc. She was assisted by a large
-corps of voluntary workers.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_359'>359</span>With the signing of the Armistice great changes naturally took
-place in the daily work of the Nova Scotia Red Cross. Workers
-decreased in number, and those who remained faithful had to work
-extremely hard, as, although it was considered that the stores
-already sent would be sufficient for all Overseas demands, the
-reserve stock of stores for use in the hospitals in our own Province
-had to be kept up.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the time of the Armistice the surgical sphagnum dressings
-were still very greatly needed. Special efforts were put into this
-work, which continued till free transportation ceased on March 31st.
-Forty-five boxes of the dressings were sent Overseas. An eminent
-Surgeon-Colonel in one of the Overseas hospitals gave it as his
-opinion that sphagnum dressings had saved the situation.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Work for refugees of the devastated area of France was then
-taken up, sanctioned by the Head Office in Toronto, who provided
-samples and gave permission to use Red Cross materials for this
-good work. The patterns were duplicated in our office and distributed
-to Branches throughout the Province. The work was
-carried on for two months and 217 boxes of garments were sent
-over.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Change of quarters for the Red Cross became imperative. The
-Technical College, which had sheltered Red Cross workers during
-the four years of the War, and had so generously allowed them the
-use of valuable equipment of every kind, was now overcrowded
-with its own work for returned soldiers. It was therefore decided
-to take over the lease of No. 314 Barrington Street from the American
-Red Cross, which had occupied it for the last year.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was thought best to continue the Canteen which the American
-Red Cross had established until such time as the Y.M.C.A. should
-take up this work. This Canteen, under the management of Mrs.
-Sexton, had a wonderful success, becoming a happy and home-like
-centre for returned men and greatly appreciated—especially the hot
-Sunday dinners served by devoted workers. Much regret was
-expressed when, at the end of three months, it was closed and the
-work handed over to the newly-opened Red Triangle Hut next door.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The principal work throughout the year was supplying the needs
-of the hospitals. Mrs. Munnis, who worked so faithfully as the
-Convener of the Hospital Committee resigned and was replaced by
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_360'>360</span>Mrs. Sexton. An enlarged committee was formed and a large staff
-of visitors began their duties, each having a special ward assigned
-to them.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Twelve sun parlors at Camp Hill Hospital were furnished for
-the use of convalescents and made as comfortable and home-like as
-possible. The estimated cost was $500 each, subscribed for by the
-following Red Cross Branches: Amherst, Windsor, Wolfville,
-Westville, Trenton, Glace Bay, Halifax, Truro, Hazel Hill, Joggins
-Mines, New Glasgow and North Sydney. A brass plate, bearing
-the name of the donor, was affixed to the wall of each parlor.
-The cost exceeded the estimate by $240 each, which excess was
-paid from the central treasury.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From November 11, 1918, until September 30, 1919, 220,000
-men passed through the Port of Halifax, and 92 ships were met
-and as far as possible these men had the use of the Red Cross
-rooms at the pier. The Port Committee was on hand day and
-night to help make their landing on Canadian soil (many of them
-after years of service) a great home-coming.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the first days of disembarkation all men for Canada were
-held at Halifax for documentation. Later the military authorities
-changed their plan and it became their ambition to disembark and
-entrain these men in the shortest possible time so that only Maritime
-men waiting for local trains or men held for hospital treatment
-came under the care of the Committee.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Later on the Repatriation Department of the Canadian Government
-requested the Red Cross to undertake the care of the returning
-soldiers’ families. About 5,000 soldiers’ dependants passed through
-Halifax and a fully trained nurse was placed on each train containing
-soldiers’ wives and children.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Hospital equipment was provided at Pier No. 2 for any women
-and children who were unfit to travel after landing from boat, or
-whose husbands were military patients and could not proceed.
-Often their luggage was not obtainable, and the Red Cross was
-called upon to supply such necessaries as infants’ outfits, women’s
-pyjamas and bath robes, towels, soap, combs, hot water bottles,
-medicines, etc.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In March when the Canadian Government decided to send the
-hospital ships to Portland, Maine, instead of Halifax, Col. Noel
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_361'>361</span>Marshall requested that a Committee of our Port Workers should
-inaugurate the work at the new port. Mrs. W. T. Allen, Mrs. J. L.
-Hetherington and Mrs. F. B. McCurdy accordingly proceeded to
-Portland and very satisfactory arrangements were made whereby
-the Canadian Red Cross continued to fit ships with hospital stores,
-while the American Red Cross very courteously and generously
-provided canteen facilities and served refreshments to all the
-wounded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Perhaps no department of the Red Cross has developed more
-enthusiasm or been more splendidly supported than the work of
-Prisoners’ Relief. From a very small beginning it grew to be work
-of great importance, and one in which the people of Nova Scotia
-have abundantly shown their practical interest. It did not draw
-upon the general Red Cross Funds but appealed for a special
-offering from the public or from friends of men who were prisoners
-of war and found a most gratifying response, no less than $41,448
-having been contributed for this special purpose.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Approximately 270 Canadian prisoners of war in forty-one
-different internment camps in Germany were maintained wholly or
-in part through the kindness of the people of Nova Scotia, at a
-cost per head of $10 per month. Almost all these men were
-“adopted” by friends or societies; that is, such persons or societies
-agreed to pay a certain sum per month towards their maintenance,
-two dollars and fifty cents having been fixed as the minimum
-amount. The name and address of the adopted was given to the
-man, and his name, number and prison address to the adopter, and
-letters and cards were exchanged between them, often arousing a
-deep personal interest on the one hand and a sense of gratitude and
-appreciation on the other.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mrs. Archibald and Miss Ritchie were brought in close contact
-with the homes and families of prisoners of war. The amount of
-correspondence was very considerable, and the system used entailed
-a lot of bookkeeping. The name and number of each man, date
-of capture, prison camp and any details that could be gathered
-were registered on a card index. The name of the “adopter”
-was also registered both here and with the Prisoners of War
-Department in London.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_362'>362</span>
-<img src='images/i_362a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. W. M‘K. M‘LEOD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_362b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MISS CLARA DENNIS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Close touch was kept with the Department of “Missing Men,”
-conducted in London and in a few instances it was possible to
-convey reassuring news to sorrow-stricken friends of the “missing
-men,” although, too often, it became necessary to deprive them of
-the hope they so touchingly clung to. Yet even the bad news was
-softened somewhat by details of the death or capture of a man,
-obtained under the system inaugurated by Lady Drummond of
-“Searchers” in hospitals who sought out wounded men of the
-same Platoon or Battalion of the person enquired for. These
-men, if able to write, would themselves send a few words telling
-when and where they had seen their less fortunate comrades. Even
-these meagre details were of some comfort to the mourning ones.
-Some of the heart-broken letters received were very hard to reply
-to, but when news was good and food parcels arrived safely showers
-of “acknowledgment cards” flowed in; and when, as often happened,
-the mail brought a personal letter from some grateful mother
-or a few words from some of the poor boys behind barbed wire
-“somewhere in Germany,” or when a rapturous letter came from
-some poor fellow transferred from his prison as “totally unfit” and
-sent to the free air of Switzerland, the ladies conducting this
-Department felt more than happy in being permitted to participate
-in such a work of mercy. Mrs. Archibald, Miss Ritchie, and their
-co-workers possessed in no small degree the confidence of the
-prisoners’ friends throughout the Province and deeply appreciated
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_363'>363</span>their attitude toward them and their loyalty and patience with the
-many unavoidable delays and mistakes.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the last two years of the War, as the work became
-heavier, this Department had associated with it Mrs. W. McK.
-McLeod, who acted as Secretary for Cape Breton, and Miss Almon.
-Special mention must also be made of the work of Miss Clara
-Dennis in meeting and welcoming home repatriated men who had
-been prisoners of war. During 1918–19 one thousand and eight of
-these men were met and greeted by Miss Dennis. To each man
-was handed a card of welcome from the Red Cross and a box of
-confectionery. He was asked to record his name, regimental number,
-German prison camp, and his home address in a book specially
-prepared for the purpose. That the men appreciated this informal
-but hearty welcome home is abundantly proved by the fact that
-Miss Dennis has since received from them hundreds of letters of
-thanks.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It is impossible to give in detail the names of the many thousands
-of devoted and faithful voluntary workers throughout the
-Province of Nova Scotia who sought no reward for their labors
-but the joy of knowing that the Society achieved its aim—the
-alleviation of the sufferings of our fighting men.</p>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'><em>Red Cross Chartered Branches.</em></th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Place.</th>
-    <th class='c025'>President.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Amherst</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. R. Fishleigh.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Arichat</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. D. Terrio.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Antigonish</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. G. Kirk.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Baddeck</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. F. W. McCurdy.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Barrington</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Wilson Crowell.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Berwick</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Alex. Anderson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bishop’s Mountain</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. O. Downie.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Brass Hill</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. F. Nickerson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Brule</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. C. Cook.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Barney’s River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Wm. McDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Boulardarie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. Fraser.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Canso</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. O’Donoghue.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cape North</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Grace Gwynn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Chester</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Dr. C. O. Hebb.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Dartmouth</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. R. Foster.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Dominion No. 6.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Anna B. Wight.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Goldboro</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Edgar Silver.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Glace Bay</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. P. E. Ogilvy.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Wm. Dennis.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hazel Hill</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Dunning.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_364'>364</span>Hantsport</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Marcia Braine.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lawrencetown</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. M. Balcom.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lawrencetown S.S.</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. F. Brown.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Moser’s River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Walter Smith.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mulgrave</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. L. C. Dixon.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>New Glasgow</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. P. A. MacGregor.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>North Sydney</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. J. Pallen.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pictou</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. S. Stalker.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Morien</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss C. Macaulay.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Bickerton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. George Taylor.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Point Tupper</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. James Swaine.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>St. Peters</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. Kemp.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sydney</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. A. Nicholson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sydney Mines</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. B. Archibald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>South Berwick</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. R. Nichols.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Tancook Island</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Beulah Wilson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Trenton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. W. Stromberg.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Truro</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Harold Putnam.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>West Quoddy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Alex. Gamnon.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Westville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. R. Fraser.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Windsor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. P. M. Fielding.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Wolfville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Harold Barss.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Woodlawn</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Jane Nauffts.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Westchester Station</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. O. Webb.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Yarmouth</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. D. Ross.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'><em>Red Cross Auxiliaries.</em></th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Avondale</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Bertha Crossley.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Advocate Harbor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. L. L. Hill.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Athol</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. W. Boss.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Aylesford</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. N. McIntyre.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Apple River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. Slocum.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Billtown</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. R. Bill.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bayhead</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. James Johnson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Baxter’s Harbor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Fred Ells.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bayfield</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. F. C. Gass.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bedford</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. Butler.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Blandford</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. Woods.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bear River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. L. J. Lovitt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Bridgetown</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. O. T. Daniels.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Baccaro</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. L. Crowell.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Barney’s River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. (Rev.) McDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Barronsfield</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Nettie Baker.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Beacon Hill</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. H. Langille.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Big Baddeck</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Alex. Anderson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Birch Grove</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. B. McDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Brooklynn (Queens)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. P. Godfrey.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Brandford</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. Woods.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Broughton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Ida McLeod.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Centre Burlington</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. F. G. Brown.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Clarke’s Harbor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. George Phillips.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Central New Annan</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss A. McIntosh.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cherry Brook</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Mary Grosse.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_365'>365</span>Chignecto Mines</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. F. M. Blenkhorn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Clam Harbor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. B. Homans.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Collingwood</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Davies.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cook’s Brook</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Warren Cook.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Caledonia</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. B. Lempton.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Canaan</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Bessie Shipley.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Central Grove</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Byron Melaney.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Centre Gore</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. N. Grant.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Centre Rawdon</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. E. Wood.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Centreville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Rev. H. M. Manzer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Clementsport</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss L. Hicks.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Cleveland</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. A. McLeod.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Conquerall Bank</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Angus Weagle.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Dalhousie East (Kings)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. M. Oickle.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Dalhousie East (Annapolis)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. John Long.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Dean</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Campbell Brown</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Deep Brook</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. Marsters.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Diligent River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. W. Lamb.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Digby</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Eber Turnbull.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Durham</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Janet Blaikie.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Ellershouse</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. D. Archibald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Elmsdale</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Chas. Thompson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>East Walton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Levi Lake.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Economy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. P. Huntley.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Five Islands</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Calvin Corbett.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Fenwick</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. F. B. Dickinson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Freeport</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Egar Ring.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Five Mile River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. Hennigar.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Fraserville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Gaius Fraser.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Glenville and Claremont</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. A. McCabe.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Grand River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. McDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Guysboro</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. E. Buckley.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Glengarry</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Christine Fraser.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Granville Ferry</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. Patterson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Giant’s Lake</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss K. A. McLean.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Goldenville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. L. Fraser.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Goshen and Argyle</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. A. Sinclair.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Great Village</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. B. Spencer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Greenwood</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Chas. Neilly.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hammond’s Plains</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss S. Schmidt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hubbards</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Bessie McLean.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Harmony (Kings)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. S. Spinney.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Hemsford</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. James Falconer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Inverness</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. Brassett.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Joggins Mines</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. R. J. Bell.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Kingston Station</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. G. Power.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Karsdale</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. W. Chisholm.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lake Ainslie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. M. A. McKay.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Louisburg</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. L. Bates.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Liverpool</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. John More.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lunenburg</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Emily Smith.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lower Selmah and Sterling Brook</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Lena Spicer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lochaber</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. John Brown.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Latties Brook</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. J. Macdonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Liverpool</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. John More.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_366'>366</span>Lockhartville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss F. McInnes.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Londonderry</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. G. R. Smith.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lower Granville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. George Anthony.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lyons Brook</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. Hogg.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Lockeport</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Churchill Locke.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mosherville, Stanley and Clarkeville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. B. Smith.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Milford Station</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Pooley.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>McPhee’s Corner</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. James McPhee.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Margaretsville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. B. Coulstan.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Marriott’s Cove</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Rupert Millett.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Middle River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Mary MacDonald.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mabou</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. S. Bayne.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Maccan</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. (Dr.) Forbes.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mahone</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Nettie Zwicker.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Malagash</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Jacob Treen.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Malagawatch</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Hudson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Manchester and Port Shoreham</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. Bruce.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mapleton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. E. Fletcher.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Margaree Harbor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. R. MacDougall.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Melvern Square</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. F. McNeil.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Merigomish and Piedmont</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. T. B. Olding.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Middleton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. Gwillim.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mill Village (Hants)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Hattie Wallace.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mira Gut</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. J. Philips.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Moose Brook and Tennycape</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. F. Stevens.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Millsville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. R. MacKay.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mount Uniacke</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Sadie Robinson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Nappan</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Robert Donaldson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Neil’s Harbor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Ed. Dowling.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>New Annan</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Agnes McIntosh.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>New Port</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. F. Rathburn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>North Dartmouth</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. V. Vernon.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>New Campbellton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. McKinnon.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>New Germany</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. P. Chesley.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>N.E. Margaree</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. H. Tulston.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Noel Shore</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. S. Main.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>North Kingston</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. J. Neily.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Oxford</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. R. Gilroy.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Owl’s Head</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. E. Parker.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Oxford Junction</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. S. Colburne.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Maitland</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. H. Porter.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Greville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. R. S. Kerr.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pleasantfield</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Charles Arnburg.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Paradise</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. P. Layte.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Medway</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Grace Andrews.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Parrsboro</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. F. A. Rand.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pentz</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Alberta Smith.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Dufferin</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. W. Dunlop.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Hawkesbury</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. Gillis.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Hood</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Daniel McLennan.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port La Tour</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. Snow.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Port Hilford</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Isabella Reid.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Parker’s Cove</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. H. Anderson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Plainfield</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. A. Graham.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Princedale</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Forman Wright.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_367'>367</span>Ragged Island, East Side</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Chas. Matthews.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Richmond</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. G. McIntosh.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>River Herbert</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. T. Shipley.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Rockingham</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. J. Clayton.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Rodney and Windham</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. M. Y. Boss.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>River John</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.Mrs. C. W. MacKintosh.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>River Philip</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. G. L. King.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Rossway</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Bessie Crowell.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sandy Point</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Anzo Long.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sandy Cove</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. D. Morehouse.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Shag Harbor</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. N. C. Nickerson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Shelburne</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Martha C. Morton.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Ship Harbor Lake</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Alvin Webber.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Shubenacadie</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. E. Culton.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Smith’s Cove</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Edward Winchester.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Southampton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Victor Brown.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Spencer’s Island</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Edmund Spicer.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sackville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Robinson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>South Athol</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. L. D. MacKeen.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Seal Island</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. John Smith.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>St. Croix and Sweet’s Corner</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. F. Rathburn.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Stake Road</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Dr. Barbara McKinnon.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sutherland’s River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Dwight Burns.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>South Side Cape Sable Island</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. C. Nickerson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>South Farmington</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Wilkins.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Springhill</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. David Stewart.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Stellarton</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. George Gray.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Stewiacke</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Rachel Pollock.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Stony Island</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. S. L. Brannen.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sydney River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Sarah McDougall.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Selmah</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Cyrus Weldon.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>South Rawdon</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. H. Lawson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>South Bay</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. T. A. Young.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Torbrook</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. B. Payson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Tupperville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. L. H. Chipman.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Tatamagouche</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. A. Cunningham.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Upper Burlington</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Harry B. Sandford.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Upper Lakeville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Margaret Webber.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Upper Musquodoboit</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. B. Hutchinson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Upper Economy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. C. F. Lewis.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Upper Rawdon</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. E. Weatherhead.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Upper Port La Tour</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Miss Rosa Snow.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Wallace</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. A. S. Murphy.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Wilmot</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. J. B. Kilton.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>West New Annan</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. W. Wilson.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Westport</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. C. Bowser.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Wallace River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Chas. Fisher.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Waterville</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. D. R. Pineo.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Waverley</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. E. Fauchea.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>West La Have</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Clarence Wambolt.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Welton’s Corner</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. P. A. Smith.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>West Apple River</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. Robert McWhirter.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>West Berlin and Eagle Head</td>
-    <td class='c018'>Mrs. B. Conrod.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_368'>368</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>THE WILLING WAR WORKERS, GLACE BAY.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>An organization that blazed a new and unique track in the
-War, and accomplished great results, especially in the colliery
-districts of Cape Breton, was the Willing War Workers of
-Glace Bay.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_368.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. G. S. HARRINGTON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>A number of the mothers, sisters, wives and sweethearts of the
-boys “over there,” finding that other Societies lacked the personal
-touch, banded themselves together to send
-parcels every week to their own home
-boys in France, and kept up the good
-work enthusiastically until Armistice Day,
-when they disbanded.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mrs. Gordon S. Harrington, wife of
-Colonel Harrington, Deputy Overseas
-Minister, was the first President, and Mrs.
-Stuart McCawley, of Glace Bay, the
-Secretary-Treasurer.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mrs. Harrington went to England in
-November, 1916, and became actively interested
-in war work for Canadian soldiers
-in that country, particularly at the Beaver Hut, Strand,
-London, and St. Dunstan’s Hostel for blinded soldiers.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>THE GREEN FEATHER SOCIETY LADIES’ AUXILIARY OF THE 185TH BATTALION.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>The Society was organized on March 9, 1916. The aim of
-the Society was, first, to aid recruiting; second, to look after
-the comfort of the men while quartered at Broughton, and
-as far as possible after they had gone Overseas; third, to assist in
-every possible way the wives and families of the men enlisting.</p>
-
-<h4 class='c031'><span class='sc'>Officers Elected</span>:</h4>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. E. J. Johnstone, <em>President</em>.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. J. A. McLellan, <em>Vice-President</em>.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. O. Leiers, <em>Treasurer</em>.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Miss Daniels, <em>Secretary</em>.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>From the time of the Society’s organization until the 185th
-Battalion was disbanded, the Society raised the sum of $2,075.36,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_369'>369</span>which was devoted entirely to the use and comfort of the Battalion.
-In addition to this, Mr. Walshaw, of the D.T.S. Co., collected the
-sum of $70.00, and the North Sydney Branch of the Green Feather
-Society also donated the sum of $43.00. These amounts were sent
-to England for the purpose of procuring Christmas dinners for the
-men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The visiting committee of the Society did very good work in
-looking after the wives and children of the men who had gone
-Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the close of the War there was the sum of $12.00 in funds,
-which was presented to the G.W.V.A. after their organization.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>THE CATHOLIC LADIES’ PATRIOTIC SOCIETY, SYDNEY.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>This Society was organized the second year of the War by
-the ladies of the Sacred Heart Parish, Sydney, and was
-intended to supply the religious needs of the Cape Breton
-soldiers and Chaplains, and to send comforts direct to the soldiers
-in the trenches. However, as the War went on, the Society enlarged
-its scope and embraced all kinds of patriotic work. The
-work of the Society was carried on by packing tin boxes with
-fruit cake, candy, cigarettes, socks, khaki shirts, and other things
-too numerous to mention. These were addressed to each soldier
-and acknowledged in due time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The success of the Society was in no small measure due to the
-activity of the President, Mrs. V. F. Cunningham, who held that
-office during the four years of the Society’s existence.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following short statement will give some idea of the work
-of the Society:</p>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>RECEIPTS.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Total amount received from general city collections</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$2,058 89</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Amount from other sources</td>
-    <td class='c017'>975 80</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$3,034 69</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>EXPENDITURE.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Paid supplies for boxes sent Overseas</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$2,153 79</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Paid Chaplain’s supplies</td>
-    <td class='c017'>250 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Paid Catholic Hut Fund</td>
-    <td class='c017'>200 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Paid Hospital supplies</td>
-    <td class='c017'>305 90</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Paid Local Hospital, Khaki Club, etc., etc.</td>
-    <td class='c017'>125 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$3,034 69</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_370'>370</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER LIII.<br /> <em>THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Until the spring of 1918, the war work of the Knights of
-Columbus in Nova Scotia consisted in aiding the work
-carried on at St. Mary’s Army and Navy Club at Halifax,
-and in sending money Overseas to aid the Catholic Army Huts
-in England and at the Front. The work done by these Huts became
-more and more extensive as the War went on, and the amount of
-money that each council could send from its own funds became
-wholly inadequate to enable these Huts to give efficient service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In May, 1918, His Lordship the Right Reverend James Morrison,
-Bishop of Antigonish, addressed a letter to the Knights of
-Columbus of the Maritime Provinces, setting out the needs of the
-Catholic Army Huts and the slender financial resources at their
-disposal. “Accordingly,” he says, “I feel it a pressing duty to
-ask the Knights of Columbus to organize a general public campaign
-for funds to provide our Catholic soldiers Overseas, or wherever
-they may be assembled, with Catholic Huts, Club Rooms and
-accessories thereto, in which the Army Chaplains may be enabled
-more efficiently and more conveniently to minister to their religious
-welfare, and where the soldiers themselves, irrespective of denominational
-affiliations, may have at their disposal such accommodations
-in social life as may be a proper safeguard for their moral
-welfare.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On the receipt of this letter the Knights began the work of
-organizing a campaign which extended throughout the whole of
-Canada. More than one million dollars were raised in the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_371'>371</span>Dominion, to which sum the various counties of Nova Scotia
-contributed as follows:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Halifax</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$56,621 95</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Cape Breton</td>
-    <td class='c017'>28,562 80</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Pictou</td>
-    <td class='c017'>9,509 63</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Antigonish</td>
-    <td class='c017'>6,635 49</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Cumberland</td>
-    <td class='c017'>5,337 73</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Inverness</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4,802 46</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Guysboro</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3,330 05</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Yarmouth</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,877 97</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Colchester</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,475 29</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Kings</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,405 57</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Hants</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,961 66</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Richmond</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,723 25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Digby</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,542 67</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Victoria</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,144 25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Queens</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,102 20</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Lunenburg</td>
-    <td class='c017'>669 50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Annapolis</td>
-    <td class='c017'>444 55</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Shelburne</td>
-    <td class='c017'>68 50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Total for the Province</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$131,215 52</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>The “Drive” by which this money was raised took place during
-the week of August 19–24, 1918. The whole of the amount raised
-was intended for work in England and France but, with the signing
-of the Armistice, the returned soldier problem demanded the
-attention of the Knights, and Huts were opened in Halifax and the
-other dispersal areas in Canada. The work in Canada and Overseas
-was under the supervision of Lieut.-Col. Clarence F. Smith,
-of Montreal, Comptroller. Large sums of the money were sent
-Overseas and the balance was devoted to the work of serving the
-returned men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Following are the names on the Executive Committee of the
-Knights of Columbus War Activities:—Messrs. John A. Neville,
-John F. O’Connell, Jas. D. O’Connor, Walter M. Godsoe, Thos. W.
-Murphy, Frank A. Gillis, Dan. T. Lynagh, Wm. A. Hallisey, Jno.
-P. Quinn, Hon. Judge Chisholm, and Mr. William R. Wakely.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Knights of Columbus Catholic Army Hut, at No. 372
-Barrington Street, was opened December 1, 1918, and Halifax
-may be regarded as the birth-place of the work of the Knights of
-Columbus Catholic Army Huts in Canada. All men of the Allied
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_372'>372</span>Armies and Navies were welcome, irrespective of race, creed or
-color. The Knights of Columbus’ slogan, “Everybody Welcome,
-Everything Free,” was carried out to the letter, with the exception
-that a charge of 25c. was made for beds, although of the total number
-of beds used about half were donated, inasmuch as many of the
-guests were in need of funds. Men arriving in transports were
-also given a bed free of charge. Mr. J. D. O’Connor was Chairman
-of the Hut Committee, and associated with him were Mr. John
-F. O’Connell, Mr. D. T. Lynagh, the late W. A. Monoghan, Mr.
-W. J. Williams, Mr. E. J. Scanlon, Mr. W. A. Hallisey, Mr.
-W. T. Murphy, Mr. W. E. Donovan, Mr. J. K. Kelleher, and Mr.
-W. R. Wakely. There was an average daily attendance at the Hut
-during December, 1918, January, February and March, 1919, of
-1,300 to 1,500, and a total attendance of 177,060 from December 1,
-1918, until the Hut closed on September 13, 1919.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mr. W. E. Donovan, Chairman of the Entertainment Committee,
-arranged for weekly entertainments. The men in uniform were
-always most appreciative of the class of entertainment given at the
-Hut under the direction of the Chairman. He had the happy
-faculty of selecting the very best artists, and had the Columbus
-Musical Club to draw from as well as other local clubs.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Refreshments were always served. Mr. W. E. Donovan never
-failed to have a number of young ladies in attendance, and they
-saw that every guest was generously supplied. The Hut was open
-daily from 10 a.m. to 11 p.m., and on Sundays from 1 p.m. to
-11 p.m., and the men had free use of the reading, writing and
-billiard rooms. Canadian and American newspapers and magazines
-were supplied; writing paper and envelopes and all billiard
-and pool games were free. 12,983 games of billiards and pool
-were played from December, 1918, to September 13, 1919. May
-10, 1919, a dormitory of fifty beds was opened, and from that date
-to September 13, 1919, 2,725 beds were used. Of that number
-1,279 were supplied free of charge.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Space in the building would not permit of the Knights of
-Columbus War Activities having a cafeteria, but there was a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_373'>373</span>canteen from which the following supplies were given away free,
-from December 1, 1918, to September 13, 1919:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Soft Drinks (bottles)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>6,684</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Apples (barrels)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>32</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Cigarettes (packages)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>27,872</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Cigars</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Tobacco (pounds)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>830</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Gum (packages)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,605</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Coffee (cups)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>55,175</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Oxo (cubes)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3,783</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Biscuits (pounds)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2,389</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Chocolate Bars</td>
-    <td class='c017'>7,668</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Matches (boxes)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>8,304</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><th class='c015' colspan='2'>LETTERS MAILED.</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Canadian</td>
-    <td class='c017'>27,121</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>British and Foreign</td>
-    <td class='c017'>6,042</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>American</td>
-    <td class='c017'>8,067</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was not until after the Armistice was signed that a Pier
-Committee was organized under the able leadership of Mr. John
-P. Quinn as Chairman. His associates were Messrs. John Neville,
-Henry T. Kline, Harry C. Murphy, John D. Campbell, E. J.
-Murphy, John Fry, J. J. Penny, P. J. Hanifen, R. J. Flinn, Geo.
-A. Gauvin, and W. E. Donovan.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Returned Soldiers’ Reception Committee, made up of
-twenty-five men selected from the various clubs and organizations
-of Halifax City, with an Auxiliary Committee of five ladies, was
-organized in November, 1916. From that date the Committee
-received troop and hospital ships, and raised by voluntary subscription
-$9,178.96. It also received $3,000.00 from the Halifax
-Victory Loan canvassers. Mr. John P. Quinn waited upon Mr.
-W. S. Davidson, Chairman of the Returned Soldiers’ Reception
-Committee, and informed Mr. Davidson that the Knights of Columbus
-were prepared to spend an amount of their funds toward
-the reception of the troops returning from Overseas, either in
-conjunction with the Returned Soldiers’ Reception Committee, or
-alone. This brought in the Red Cross and the Y.M.C.A., and an
-agreement was made by each of the three organizations to contribute
-to the funds of the Returned Soldiers’ Reception Committee
-to the extent of one-third each of the amount required by the
-Returned Soldiers’ Committee. From January 1, 1919, until the last
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_374'>374</span>troopship arrived, $9,000.00 was contributed from each of the
-three organizations—a total of $27,000.00. These funds were used
-for the purpose of purchasing cigarettes, fruit, chocolate bars,
-matches, flowers, newspapers, welcome cards, and for postage and
-telegrams.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From the time the work began, one hundred and thirty-eight
-troopships disembarked about 305,655 men. In the distribution
-of supplies at the pier, the work was divided among seven teams
-of twelve each, each team having a captain and an equal number
-of representatives from the Knights of Columbus, the Red Cross,
-Y.M.C.A., and the Returned Soldiers’ Reception Committee. Mr.
-Felix P. Quinn, of the Knights of Columbus, was a captain of
-one of the teams.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>WORK AT THE VARIOUS MILITARY HOSPITALS.</h3>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_374.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. JOHANNA M. TERNAN.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>There existed what was known as the Knights of Columbus
-Hospital Comfort Bureau. The following are the names of those
-serving on that Committee: Rev. John Quinan, Capt. M. Ryan,
-Jas. J. Bates, T. J. Burke, E. J. Griffen,
-Geo. J. Lynch, Jas. P. Mulcahy, Frank
-A. Gillis, and O. G. Burke.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mrs. Johanna Mary Ternan was
-appointed Secretary.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Daily supplies were sent to Camp Hill
-Military Hospital and Cogswell Street
-Station Hospital and weekly visits were
-made. On these visits fruit, candy and
-cigarettes were distributed by the following
-committee of ladies: Mrs. Geo.
-Metzler, Miss Nita Gauvin, Miss Fannie
-Clark, Miss Metzler, Mrs. M. Foley,
-Miss Mary Neville, and Miss Frances Chisholm.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to the above Hospitals, supplies were sent to Pine
-Hill Convalescent Home, Rock Head Military Hospital, Kentville
-Sanitarium, Naval Hospital, County Jail, Victoria General Hospital,
-Lawlor’s Island, Quarantine Station, Air Station, U.S. Flying
-Corps and H.M.S. Hospital Ship <em>Essequibo</em>.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_375'>375</span>Weekly visits were made to the Kentville Sanitarium by Mrs.
-W. S. Rothburn, of Kentville, and a committee of ladies, Miss
-McCormack, Miss Farrell, and Miss Kearney, under the supervision
-of Mrs. Johanna M. Ternan, of Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At Christmas, 1918, there were:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c016'></th>
-    <th class='c025'>Patients.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Camp Hill Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c017'>440</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Naval Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c017'>38</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Cogswell St. Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c017'>300</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Kentville Sanitarium</td>
-    <td class='c017'>200</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Nova Scotia Hospital, Dartmouth</td>
-    <td class='c017'>70</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Pine Hill Convalescent Home</td>
-    <td class='c017'>125</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Rock Head Military Hospital</td>
-    <td class='c017'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c017'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1,233</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was decided by the Hospitals Committee on Thursday,
-December 19, 1918, that candy and smokes should be sent to
-Kentville for the 200 patients. Four hundred boxes were prepared
-containing three packages of cigarettes and a half-pound
-of candy for each patient. This work was done by a voluntary
-committee of three little girls and one little boy (the Misses
-O’Connor and Master O’Connor, daughters and son of Mr. J. D.
-O’Connor), and by little Miss Elliott. Provision was made for
-Rock Head and Cogswell Hospitals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>December 18, 1918, 328 stockings were made and filled by a
-committee of ladies at the Knights of Columbus Club Rooms,
-Hollis Street. The stockings were all of different shades, and each
-contained fourteen articles, consisting of the following: One box
-of notepaper, one lead pencil, one cube of tooth paste, one tooth
-brush, three packages cigarettes, two boxes of matches, one small
-comb, one pocket handkerchief, one ash-tray, two chocolate bars,
-collar buttons, one pipe, one package tobacco and one tobacco
-pouch.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Two hundred and three of these were sent to Camp Hill and
-one hundred and twenty-five to Pine Hill. As there were a number
-of very sick patients at Cogswell Street Station Hospital, it was
-requested that fruit be sent, and three cases of oranges, four cases
-of grape fruit and one keg of grapes were supplied. To the Nova
-Scotia Hospital, Dartmouth, one hundred and forty parcels were
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_376'>376</span>sent containing three packages of cigarettes and a half-pound of
-candy. Stockings were sent to four soldiers in the County Jail,
-and nine stockings to soldiers in the Victoria General Hospital.
-To the N.S. Naval Air Station were sent two cases of oranges,
-two hundred packages cigarettes, two hundred cigars and two
-hundred chocolate bars.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>CHRISTMAS, 1919.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Christmas boxes were sent from the Head Office in Montreal,
-specially made for the Knights of Columbus Catholic Army Huts
-for distribution on this day to all Military Hospitals in the Dominion.
-Each box contained one package gum, one Durham Duplex
-Safety Razor, one package razor blades, one shaving stick, one
-shaving brush, one package cigarettes, one box matches, one
-chocolate bar, one tooth brush, one tube tooth paste, one handkerchief,
-and short stories. In addition twenty-six quarts of ice cream
-were distributed, also five hundred apples, fifty pounds of assorted
-kisses and fifty pounds of frosted cake.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Many picnics were given patients who were convalescing during
-the summer of 1919, and entertainments given to special wards in
-Camp Hill and Cogswell Street Hospitals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>From January 1, 1919, to April 30, 1919, no fewer than 125,466
-personal requests for comforts were granted by the Knights of
-Columbus Hospital Comfort Bureau.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_377'>377</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER LIV.<br /> <em>THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>For years previous to the Declaration of War, the Y.M.C.A.
-carried on its work in the summer Militia Camps; consequently
-the War did not find the Association without some
-idea of the requirements of troops, and from the early days of the
-first big concentration at Valcartier, the “Y” tried hard to measure
-up to each new phase of war activity.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In 1914 about 5,000 men were served in the camps of the Maritime
-Provinces. During the succeeding winter Y.M.C.A. work was
-established in the various barracks, and in 1915 the work on the
-piers at the points of embarkation was started. All this work was
-carried on continually from this time with increasing efficiency,
-not only in camps, barracks, and hospitals, but also on board transports
-and on troop trains carrying returning men. It consisted of
-the erection of large recreation buildings, giving assistance with the
-equipping of recreation rooms in barracks; the provision of free
-writing and reading materials, games, athletic goods, music, pianos,
-gramophones and records, moving picture machines and films; the
-organizing of concerts on land and on board ships; social evenings
-in homes, churches, barracks, hospitals and otherwise; athletics, religious
-services; supplying free hot drinks and doughnuts or biscuits
-at the disembarkation points and demobilization centres.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The first large financial appeal was made to the people of the
-Maritime Provinces in the spring of 1916, when approximately
-$34,500 were raised for home and Overseas’ military work. During
-that year Association service was rendered to troops in eighteen
-different places in these Provinces. Each succeeding year saw
-most successful campaigns for larger sums of money, until 1918,
-when requirements began to decrease. Altogether about $679,600
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_378'>378</span>were raised in the Maritime area and spent on military work at
-home and Overseas.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Large recreation buildings, which were much needed, were
-erected at Aldershot and Sussex Camps, each capable of accommodating
-close to 1,000 men. These were used to capacity, and were
-practically the only adequate recreation centres. A large hut was
-erected in the Naval Dockyard, Halifax, for the men of the navy
-and the merchant marine. It was destroyed by the explosion, but
-was replaced by a larger structure, and was the great social centre
-for the men of the navy and the merchant marine.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The large Red Triangle Hut, on Barrington Street, Halifax,
-was erected as a demobilization service to offset the inadequate
-housing facilities in Halifax, to provide meals and beds for returning
-men who had to remain in the city while waiting for trains or
-demobilization, to assist returned men to become re-established in
-civil life by providing them with wholesome meals and beds at
-prices within their means, to help men taking Government re-training
-courses and drawing barely enough money to live on, and to provide
-them with a clean, attractive recreation centre.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Other recreation huts were built and equipped at St. John, New
-Brunswick, and Cogswell Hospital, Halifax. A large building was
-leased and equipped as a Red Triangle Club at St. John, N.B.
-Clubs on a smaller scale were operated in Sydney, Windsor, Kentville,
-Nova Scotia, and Fredericton and Sussex, New Brunswick.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Work was carried on among the German prisoners of war at
-Amherst in return for which the German Government permitted
-the Y.M.C.A. to carry on work in certain camps in Germany where
-Canadians were confined. Only the work in the Internment Camps
-in Canada made this concession possible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Co-operating with the Sailors’ Comforts’ Committee, Halifax, the
-Y.M.C.A. workers visited many ships of the merchant service and
-supplied the men with reading and writing materials, games,
-mufflers, sweaters, socks, gloves, mitts, underwear, etc. Concerts
-were frequently arranged for the crews on shore.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Uniform reports of activities and the attendance were not kept
-in the early days of the War, and it is impossible to arrive at anything
-like accurate estimates of the extent of some of the services
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_379'>379</span>rendered. The report of a few activities for the <em>two years of
-maximum efficiency</em> may serve to indicate, however, the great extent
-to which the men patronized the Y.M.C.A. military services.</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c021'>Activity.</th>
-    <th class='c022'>Number.</th>
-    <th class='c023'>Attendance.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Concerts</td>
-    <td class='c024'>694</td>
-    <td class='c010'>84,550</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Social evenings</td>
-    <td class='c024'>815</td>
-    <td class='c010'>112,800</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Moving Picture Shows (free)</td>
-    <td class='c024'>1,365</td>
-    <td class='c010'>210,800</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Religious Services</td>
-    <td class='c024'>1,108</td>
-    <td class='c010'>88,100</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Theatre parties arranged and conducted through courtesy of theatre managers, without charge to patients</td>
-    <td class='c024'>356</td>
-    <td class='c010'>12,619</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Illustrated Lectures</td>
-    <td class='c024'>98</td>
-    <td class='c010'>18,050</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c009'></th>
-    <th class='c023'>Supplies Used.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Magazines</td>
-    <td class='c010'>162,685</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sheets of writing paper</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,511,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Sex and health education booklets</td>
-    <td class='c010'>39,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Athletic goods</td>
-    <td class='c010'>large quantities</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Pianos in continual use</td>
-    <td class='c010'>22</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Billiard tables in continual use</td>
-    <td class='c010'>31</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Gramophones and records supplied continually</td>
-    <td class='c010'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Moving picture machines in continual use</td>
-    <td class='c010'>9</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Reels of picture films per week provided, no charge made</td>
-    <td class='c010'>40</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the disembarkation piers, in co-operation with various
-women’s organizations, the Creche in Halifax, and the combined
-organizations in St. John, free hot or cold drinks and mixed biscuits
-were provided. At the Demobilization Centre, Halifax, co-operating
-with the G.W.V.A. Ladies’ Auxiliary, drinks and doughnuts or
-mixed biscuits were supplied free, and a six months’ membership
-ticket in any Y.M.C.A. was given to each man.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A “Y” representative accompanied each troop train to its destination
-and carried a standard stock of equipment, gramophones,
-portable organs, music, song sheets, games, fruits, chocolate, and
-cigarettes. He rendered personal services in every way possible,
-such as wiring ahead, mailing letters, and carrying on a programme
-of concerts and games. These representatives were principally business
-men, and all gave their services voluntarily. In all 449 representatives
-accompanied troop trains.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Further assistance was given returned men to re-establish themselves
-by Red Triangle Clubs at Halifax and St. John, where bed
-and board could be had at reduced rates. During the first year of
-the Halifax Club. 147,713 meals were served, and 38,855 beds
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_380'>380</span>occupied for one night or more. This work is still going on. The
-rate for bed and board was $1 per day. The food was far above
-the average meal at similar prices. A programme of entertainments,
-athletics, moving pictures, religious services, and educational
-lectures and discussions was carried on. The Association’s hospital
-service will be continued as long as necessary, and funds are available.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_381'>381</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER LV.<br /> <em>THE HALIFAX CITIZENS’ RECEPTION COMMITTEE.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_381.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>W. S. DAVIDSON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The splendid service performed by the Halifax Citizens’ Returned
-Soldiers’ Reception Committee had its inception in the
-fall of 1916, when Mr. P. F. Martin, at that time Mayor of
-the city, called a number of representative citizens together at the
-city hall for the purpose of forming a committee to extend a
-welcome to the men returning home. The matter did not take
-definite form, however, until a little
-later on, when a score of energetic
-citizens selected by the various National
-Societies, the Board of Trade and other
-organizations of the city, met at the
-Board of Trade Rooms in November,
-1916, at the call of Mr. W. S.
-Davidson, Vice-President of the Board.
-At this meeting the Committee was
-organized, as also an Auxiliary Committee
-of the following ladies:—Mrs. G.
-McGregor Mitchell, Mrs. Geoffery
-Morrow, Mrs. T. Sherman Rogers,
-Mrs. Norwood Duffus, and Mrs. (Dr.) Ryan. Mr. W. S. Davidson
-was elected Chairman, Mr. Arthur B. Mitchell, Secretary, Mr. A. M.
-Smith, Assistant-Secretary, and Mr. W. A. Major, Treasurer.
-The excellence of the choice of this Executive was amply proven
-by the fact that the personnel remained unchanged from the night
-the Committee was formed until the last transport docked, and the
-work was finished.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following gentlemen composed the original Committee:
-Messrs. W. S. Davidson, W. A. Major, H. H. Marshall, C. H.
-Mitchell, J. McL. Fraser, Felix P. Quinn, C. E. Creighton, W. A.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_382'>382</span>Hart, A. M. Smith, Paul Creighton, W. E. Hebb, C. H. Climo, W. L.
-Kane, J. P. Quinn, P. T. Strong, and R. B. Colwell, representing
-the North British Society, St. George’s Society, the Charitable
-Irish Society, the Canadian Club, and the Citizens of Halifax in
-general.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>These gentlemen, who became known as “the originals,” carried
-on through fair weather and foul, night or day as occasion required
-from start to finish. The only exception was Mr. H. H. Marshall,
-who, to the great regret of his friends and fellow-workers, was
-ordered by his physician to seek a change of climate, his health having
-broken down, but nevertheless, he was with the work in spirit,
-always keeping in touch, sending greetings and material aid from
-time to time.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In addition to those above-mentioned, the following gentlemen
-joined the movement later, entering into the spirit of the work
-with energy and enthusiasm: Messrs. E. J. Murphy, G. J. Allen,
-Cyril Gorham, A. W. Robb, W. R. Morton, H. C. Murphy, Hugh
-Fraser, Chas. Waterfield, R. A. Wood, W. S. Munnis, John D.
-Campbell, P. J. Hannifen, Geo. M. Wood, F. M. Guildford, R. K.
-Elliott, George Ritchie, G. W. Perry, J. A. Neville, H. T. Kline,
-J. A. Reid, V. B. Faulkner, J. L. Wilson, E. M. McLeod, Geo. T.
-McNutt, John Fry, J. J. Penny, J. M. Davison, George Robinson,
-W. R. Scriven, Wm. Wilson, Capt. W. F. Mitchell, W. E. Donavon,
-G. A. Smith, J. F. Roue, Walter Black, R. J. Flinn, G. A. Gauvin,
-George Winters, Howard Lawrence, W. Cyril Smith, Cyril Stairs,
-Sedley E. Thompson, J. L. Hetherington, H. E. Mahon, C. H.
-Wright, the late Professor Eben McKay, F. A. Marr, Allen Patrick,
-and H. R. Price.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A number of ladies, Mrs. W. T. Allen, Mrs. M. R. Morrow and
-others, joined the original Auxiliary Committee of five above-mentioned,
-doing splendid work in connection with the cot cases, etc.,
-but unfortunately a complete list is not available. Two young
-ladies deserving of special mention who became associated with the
-General Committee are Miss Edna Davison and Miss Helen Creighton.
-Their work was admirable, being here, there, and everywhere
-when required, untiring in their efforts, having the capacity to perform,
-as well as zeal to undertake. It is safe to say that the soldier
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_383'>383</span>boys who landed at Halifax will never forget the ladies connected
-with this Committee; for their bright kindly faces, apart from their
-work, gave them a welcome home which is hard to express in words;
-and it was not only on fine days when the sun was shining that
-they were to be seen on the pier when transports were expected,
-but in all kinds of weather, night as well as day, and only those
-who worked there know how cold it sometimes was at Pier 2 on
-a winter night. However, the welcome given the boys was warm
-enough to take away the chill of the weather.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the period in which this Committee carried on its work,
-138 transports disembarked some 200,000 Overseas men at Pier 2,
-and of this number very few indeed missed the kindly attentions of
-the Committee.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The amount expended was as follows:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>Paid for</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Cigarettes, Tobacco, etc</td>
-    <td class='c010'>$14,473 51</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Fruit</td>
-    <td class='c010'>7,931 82</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Postage, telegrams, telephones, etc.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>462 42</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Welcome Cards, badges, printing, etc.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,294 49</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Newspapers</td>
-    <td class='c010'>1,813 62</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Taxi service conveying local returned men to their homes</td>
-    <td class='c010'>118 80</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Music</td>
-    <td class='c010'>15 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Baskets, equipment and sundries</td>
-    <td class='c010'>278 66</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Matches</td>
-    <td class='c010'>4,782 25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Chocolate bars, cakes, etc.</td>
-    <td class='c010'>7,157 21</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Deficit exchanging money</td>
-    <td class='c010'>9 50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>„</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Flowers (for cot cases)</td>
-    <td class='c010'>34 50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>Money refunded Provincial Recruiting Committee</td>
-    <td class='c010'>9 00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c009'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c010'><hr /></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c021'>&nbsp;</td>
-    <td class='c021'>Total</td>
-    <td class='c010'>$38,380 78</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c007'>A word or two in connection with these figures which are from
-the Treasurer’s report. The item for postage, etc., would have
-been much larger but through the representations of the Committee,
-after the work had been carried on for a considerable time, the
-Government was induced to allow letters from returned men, on
-arrival, to be posted free, thus conserving the funds for other
-purposes. The item $15 for music does not mean that this was
-the extent of the music by any means; for the Commanding
-Officers of local military units very cheerfully permitted their
-bands to play on the pier on arrival of transports.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_384'>384</span>Of the above total amount, the sum of $9,178.96 was received
-in voluntary subscriptions, and $3,000 from Halifax Victory Loan
-canvassers, which came in spontaneously and entirely unsolicited.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>As the end of the War approached and the number of returning
-men became greater, it became apparent that the funds would require
-to be largely augmented, and in order to cope with the good
-work, the Y.M.C.A., the Red Cross Society, and the Knights of
-Columbus very generously contributed equal amounts of $9,000, less
-a refund to each of these organizations of $266.06, being the balance
-or surplus left over at the close of the work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was not long after the work began until a splendid system
-was evolved which worked with almost clock-like precision. The
-usual procedure was as follows: Immediately a transport was
-docked a certain number of the Committee were told off to go on
-board with the latest newspapers, collect telegrams and letters which
-were, as mentioned above, sent off free of charge, thus doing away
-with the inconvenience of hunting up stamps, etc. Whenever it happened
-that a ship had to drop anchor in the stream while waiting
-for a berth to dock at the pier—and as these were busy days in
-shipping circles in Halifax, this very frequently happened—a tugboat
-was promptly secured by the energetic Chairman, and a contingent
-landed on board with newspapers, cigarettes, matches, fruit,
-etc.; and, in most cases, if the ship was to remain at anchor over-night,
-a concert party was always ready to join their efforts with
-those of the Committee in extending a hearty welcome to the boys,
-many excellent entertainments being given on board transports
-waiting to dock. The very best musical talent in Halifax was
-always ready and willing to respond at a moment’s notice to calls of
-this nature. Mr. Davidson being one of the principal members of
-the large shipping firm of Messrs. G. S. Campbell and Co., of
-course always knew where to locate one of these tug-boats, as they
-own and operate a number of them, and although in the forefront as
-business men, and blessed with good memories, they must have forgotten
-to render any bills or charge for this excellent service.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>When the men left the ship and were entrained, a sufficient
-number of Committee-men having in the meantime been told off
-and sub-divided, allowing an equal number to look after each car,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_385'>385</span>the cars being designated by letters “A,” “B,” “C,” and so on,
-beginning with the car nearest the engine, and each party knowing
-the particular car it had to look after, confusion or oversight was
-practically nil. The first Committee-man went through the car
-with baskets of apples and oranges, being followed by another with
-cigarettes and matches, a third and fourth bringing up the rear
-with chocolate bars, welcome cards, newspapers, and collecting any
-letters or postal cards the boys had scribbled while waiting for
-their train to back in. Oftentimes when large steamships like the
-<em>Olympic</em>, <em>Mauretania</em>, or <em>Aquitania</em> arrived, fifteen or twenty trains
-would be dispatched with an average time between of twenty or
-twenty-five minutes; so that the necessity for system was evident,
-or otherwise only a portion of the boys would be looked after; but
-in the way in which the work was handled every man received
-attention; and usually a few minutes were left over, before the
-conductor called “All aboard,” in which to chat with them, give
-them a hearty handshake and wish them “Bon voyage” and a safe
-journey to their destination.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This sketch of the work of the Halifax Citizens’ Returned
-Soldiers’ Reception Committee is necessarily short. It does not
-begin to express the scope or extent of the work carried on by
-this Committee, but the boys who returned home no doubt still
-remember the way they were received and treated.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Letters of appreciation were received from all parts of Canada
-and points in the United States. Such evidence of appreciation
-amply rewarded the Committee for any efforts they had made to
-ensure a hearty, and pleasant welcome home to those splendid men,
-who made the name of Canada for ever respected and glorious.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_386'>386</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER LVI.<br /> <em>ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS<br /> and<br /> THE CRECHE AT PIER 2, HALIFAX.</em></h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>The first branch of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas
-established in Nova Scotia was organized in June, 1916, as
-the Halifax Central Nursing Division No. 17, with Mrs. Bowman,
-Superintendent of the Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, as
-Lady Divisional Superintendent. This division, besides being the
-first in the Maritime Provinces, was the largest in Canada. Most
-of the officers were graduate nurses, and all of the members had
-received their instruction in First Aid and Home Nursing through
-classes lheld in Halifax by the sister organization, the St. John
-Ambulance Association.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On Mrs. Bowman’s removal from Halifax, Mrs. G. A.
-MacIntosh was appointed Superintendent (April, 1917). Owing to
-greatly increased membership, and for the purposes of more
-efficient administration, the division was divided in July, 1918, into
-two Units, A. No. 17 and B. No. 47, Mrs. MacIntosh being promoted
-at the same time to be Lady District Superintendent in
-charge of the Women’s Aid Department (Military District No. 6).
-In January, 1920, a reorganization of the two divisions was made
-effective by which all active officers and members were assigned to
-Division A. 17, and the inactive members, or those in reserve for
-emergencies, to B. 47. The active division continues as one of the
-most efficient and effective in Canada under the able superintendence
-of Miss E. M. Pemberton, of the Victoria General Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The war work in Nova Scotia of this organization falls under
-four heads:</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>a</em>) Its work in Military Hospitals as auxiliary to the Army Medical
-and Nursing Service.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>b</em>) Its work in Nova Scotia in connection with the Red Cross Society,
-Y.M.C.A. Canteens, and other voluntary patriotic organizations.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>c</em>) Its work of ministration to women and children returning from
-England.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'><span class='pageno' id='Page_387'>387</span>(<em>d</em>) Its emergency work on the day of the Halifax Disaster and in the
-relief work and hospital service for the weeks and months following
-the disaster.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>(<em>a</em>) HOSPITAL SERVICE.</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>Hospital duties performed by the members of the Halifax
-Divisions during the War include:—</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>(<em>a</em>) Eleven members who went Overseas, serving with great
-credit in hospitals in England.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>(<em>b</em>) Local hospitals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>We believe Pine Hill was the first Military Hospital in Canada
-to recognize or use the services of the Brigade members. Three
-pioneers served for two years and were followed by others.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In the latter part of 1918 the Women’s Aid Department was
-formed in Canada in co-operation with the military authorities, the
-Lady District Superintendent furnishing to the A.D.M.S. of each
-Military District the following personnel, the number given below
-being that of those who served in M.D. No. 6:—</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>1. <em>Volunteer Section</em>:—</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>a</em>) Nursing service of Brigade members, eight of whom served at Pine
-Hill Military Hospital.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>b</em>) Function Trainers, also Brigade members trained at Hart House,
-Toronto, two of whom served at Camp Hill.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>2. <em>Special Service Section</em>:—</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>Masseuses, trained at Hart House, Toronto, members of St. John Ambulance
-Brigade, and serving at Camp Hill, Moxham Ross, Prince
-Edward Island Military Hospitals.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'><em>Section 3</em>:—</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>General Service Section consisting of a General Service Superintendent
-Assistant Superintendent, bookkeepers, domestics and many there
-not Brigade members, but for a short time recommended by the
-Women’s Aid Department of the Brigade.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>c</em>) Before the Women’s Aid Department came into effect five members
-had served at the Nova Scotia Sanatorium in the tent Colony for
-tubercular soldiers.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>d</em>) During the Influenza epidemic of 1918 six members assisted the depleted
-staffs in the Victoria General, the Dartmouth Emergency
-for two months, two members at Infants Home for two months,
-also for two months in the homes of the sick, at the Emergency
-Hospital, Hazelwood Hospital, St. Mary’s Emergency Hospital,
-and for three weeks at Brocton Field Hospital, Mass. During the
-epidemic in the spring of 1919 a diet kitchen was organized and
-conducted and proper nourishment prepared and delivered to all
-asking for it, in the majority of cases no charge being made.
-The Brigade responded to requests for diet from the Victorian
-Order of Nurses, City Board of Health, Social Welfare Bureau, etc.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>e</em>) The hospital work performed after the explosion is mentioned
-separately.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>(<em>f</em>) Miscellaneous duties performed in hospitals include mending each
-week at the Station Hospital, emergency bedmaking at Camp Hill
-and hospital train service.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_388'>388</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>(<em>b</em>) MISCELLANEOUS WORK</h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c013'>At the Clearing Depot, Pier 2, a splendid work was accomplished.
-Over 13,000 beds were made for soldiers disembarking
-at this port. At very short notice members in sufficient numbers
-quickly responded to a call from the C.O. to prepare the beds
-required (at times as many as 800 beds were needed) in readiness
-for the men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>An important work carried on at Pier 2 was the serving of meals
-three times daily for over a week to 150 men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Boats were met by the Lady District Superintendent, who,
-assisted by the members, welcomed and assisted when necessary any
-V.A.D.’s returning to Canada from Overseas duty.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>A very interesting and important service rendered by the organization
-was in connection with the vocational re-education of the
-soldiers. For eight months two members read daily to blinded
-soldiers, assisting them in this way with their study. Four other
-members also performed like service for five and a half months.
-Ten members took a special two months’ course in weaving and
-basketry, nine of whom were able to instruct patients at Camp Hill
-Hospital for from one to seven months.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Truly patriotic work has been performed under the Y.M.C.A.
-At their Red Triangle Hut a team of eight members have given one
-day each week and every sixth Sunday for one and a half years to
-serve meals to returned soldiers taking vocational courses in the
-city. Members have also served refreshments on trains to soldiers
-recently discharged and entraining for their homes. At the
-Armories members have responded at all hours, sometimes working
-all night to serve refreshments to soldiers just disembarked and
-awaiting their discharge.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Red Cross has been ably assisted by the making of numerous
-garments, surgical supplies, sphagnum moss dressings, and the
-raising of funds during campaigns.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The following “drives” have been given willing and able
-support:—</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Navy League, Patriotic Fund, Knights of Columbus, Children’s Hospital,
-Victorian Order, Salvation Army, Maternity Hospital, and the Canadian Red
-Cross.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_389'>389</span>For two years a rest and refreshment room has been conducted
-at the city market and has been of great benefit to the market
-people who often drive long distances.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>For two years the Halifax Dispensary has had the assistance
-daily of a member for clerical work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Halifax Welfare, Victorian Order of Nurses, and many
-other organizations have had assistance, and many kindnesses have
-been performed, such as assistance given at orphans’ picnics.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>First aid booths have been conducted at exhibitions, Wanderers’
-Athletic Grounds, and first aid rendered during public processions
-and individually in the every-day life of the members.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>All service rendered except that required in the last two sections
-of the Women’s Aid Department has been voluntary and performed
-quietly and systematically in times of emergencies, and in war as
-in times of peace for the public good.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>THE DISASTER WORK</h3>
-
-<p class='c013'>It is unnecessary here to refer to the causes and disastrous
-results of the great explosion on the morning of December 6, 1917.
-As nearly as can be ascertained more than 1,500 people lost their
-lives, approximately 5,000 people were injured, of whom about
-1,000 received more or less serious injuries. With hundreds of
-other citizens the members of the Halifax Divisions of the Brigade
-responded at once to the calls for assistance, and within an hour
-more than 140 members were on duty in the devastated area; on
-the Common, in improvised aid stations, and in the various emergency
-hospitals rendering first aid to the injured, the very object
-for which they had all been trained.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Later in the afternoon and through the two or three days following
-they added to their duties those of material relief, and until
-a few days later the citizens’ organization was established when
-the Brigade workers were fitted in under their Lady Superintendent
-as part of the medical relief work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>About sixty of the members remained on duty as V.A.D.’s in
-Camp Hill Hospital, the Y.M.C.A., Morris Street, and the various
-other hospitals for from one to five months following the explosion.
-For a short period following the disaster eight members of the St.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_390'>390</span>John (N.B.) Division assisted the local division in providing personnel
-for the various hospitals.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The total of the services rendered during the period December
-6th to 31st shows 1,098 days of hospital work, 217 cases of district
-relief followed up, 140 missing children located, as well as other
-missing persons traced, food distributed, and first aid service
-rendered.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>An official report forwarded through regular channels to the
-headquarters of the Brigade in England was referred by headquarters
-to the parent organization, the Ancient Order of the Hospital
-of St. John of Jerusalem in England, and in the spring of
-1920 selected members of the Halifax Division and various citizens
-who co-operated with the Brigade in its invaluable work, were
-presented by the Lieutenant-Governor with the beautifully engraved
-certificates of thanks of the Order for their services rendered on
-the occasion of the disaster.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c012'>THE CRECHE AT PIER NO. 2, HALIFAX.</h3>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c027'>In the spring of 1917, when the German submarines were trying
-to starve Britain into surrender, the Canadian Government
-thought it wise to bring home the dependants of our soldiers
-who were not actually engaged in war work in the United Kingdom.
-The <em>Olympic</em> arrived in Halifax Port one morning with
-1,000 women and children aboard, as well as her usual number of
-invalided soldiers. Many hours passed before the last travellers
-entrained for their homes, and one may imagine the scene at Pier 2
-where these tired women waited for long hours with no shelter or
-food and no comforts for their little ones.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>It was felt that something must be done to welcome those soldiers’
-dependants who had left their loved ones in England or
-France, and who could not surmise what the future held in store
-for those from whom they were separated. A committee of ladies
-was formed to look after all soldiers’ dependants on their arrival
-in Canada. Spacious rooms, with kitchen, dining-room, rest-room,
-nursery and bath-rooms were provided by the Government at
-Pier 2, together with a sum of money sufficient to furnish
-necessaries.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_391'>391</span>For three years a band of ladies under the presidency—first of
-Mrs. Benson, wife of General Benson, and later of Mrs. J. G.
-McDougall—met all boats and cared for all travellers with the most
-wonderful devotion. As soon as the gangway was secured their
-work began. It mattered not whether the ship was docked at
-7 a.m., or at midnight, on a summer morning, or on a cold winter
-evening, the workers were always there. Two of the Committee
-went on board to see if there were any special cases to be looked
-after and to notify those aboard of the Creche Committee’s willingness
-to help them in every possible way.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Some stood at the gangway to welcome tired mothers and relieve
-them of their tiny but very heavy burdens. Others led them to the
-warm and comfortable quarters provided for them. In the kitchen
-busy hands had been at work, and sandwiches and fragrant hot
-coffee were not wanting; while in the nursery many young girls
-were preparing beds with cool white sheets in which to lay Canada’s
-young and welcome immigrants.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Although the railway authorities were wonderfully expeditious
-in getting the trains despatched, still many hours had to be spent at
-the Creche—days sometimes—and, once or twice, even nights. The
-scenes when a boat arrived with many hundreds of women and
-children defy description. Parties were constantly being brought
-to the rooms by willing and helpful guides. If husband or father
-was there, he saw his dear ones safely housed, and he himself
-returned to look after the tickets and baggage. If the mother was
-in charge, she accompanied her little ones to the Creche, and after
-seeing them safe and happy, was assisted in collecting her baggage
-and procuring transportation. Kind hands undressed the babies,
-washed, warmed and fed them and laid them to sleep in comfort.
-The older children were also fed and then amused by toys and
-picture books. Older travellers, completely tired out by the long and
-often rough voyage, found indeed a warm and steady bed a source of
-joy. Times and movements of trains were called in the waiting
-rooms, and to the outgoing trains the travellers were finally escorted,
-as comfortable and as happy as it was possible to make them.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Red Cross placed a most efficient trained nurse at the disposal
-of the Committee, and it is not possible to tell how much her
-services were appreciated by those who, though not fit for hospital
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_392'>392</span>and anxious to complete their journey, were still much in need of
-care. In a general way, as well as in her professional capacity, the
-trained nurse rendered services of a very high order. Space does
-not permit to tell of all the various activities carried on at the
-Creche—money was exchanged, hotel accommodation secured for
-those remaining over in Halifax for a few days, telegrams were
-sent, meal tickets given to those who needed them on the trains,
-babies were supplied with necessaries for travelling, and money was
-many times given to those who through stress of circumstances had
-not the wherewithal to complete their journey.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The returned men were always eager to assist in any way they
-could, and the bands of the Canadian Battalions gave all great
-pleasure by their delightful music.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Arrangements were made for any needing hospital care; and
-they were continually visited by members of the Committee while in
-Halifax City. The military authorities placed an ambulance at the
-disposal of the Committee for such cases. The Committee had the
-fullest support and co-operation of the military authorities. They
-also had the assistance of a hundred workers who gave up all
-engagements and pleasures when it was known that a boat was
-expected.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Creche Committee deeply regretted the departure from
-Halifax of Mrs. Benson and Mrs. McKelvey Bell, under whom they
-began their work. The ladies who carried on to the close of operation
-were:—</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mrs. McCallum Grant</td>
-    <td class='c018'><em>Hon. Chairman.</em></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mrs. J. G. McDougall</td>
-    <td class='c018'><em>Chairman.</em></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mrs. Hector McInnes</td>
-    <td class='c018'><em>Vice-Chairman.</em></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mrs. W. A. Henry</td>
-    <td class='c018'><em>Secretary.</em></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c009'>Mrs. W. E. Thompson</td>
-    <td class='c018'><em>Treasurer.</em></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. David McKeen.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. G. S. Campbell.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. Clarence MacKinnon.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Miss Jessie MacKenzie.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lady Townshend.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mrs. M. A. Curry.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Creche closed on 31st December, 1919. Since the 18th
-November, 1918, the Committee and its helpers met 120 ships laden
-with returning Canadian soldiers, their wives and families. On
-one steamship alone, the <em>Megantic</em>, were 600 women and children,
-180 of the children being under twelve months of age. On several
-occasions there have been as many as 900 women and children on a
-steamer, and, in one instance, the <em>Olympic</em> brought 1,000. All were
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_393'>393</span>sent on their homeward journey rested, refreshed, and cheered;
-and the kindly welcome they received has made the name of the
-Atlantic Gateway dear to the hearts of thousands of people the
-Dominion over. Countless letters bear testimony to unfeigned
-appreciation and gratitude. One newspaper extract may be permitted.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The <cite>Ottawa Journal</cite> of December 28, 1918, says: “While this
-work, and, to a large extent, its financial obligations have been
-borne almost entirely by the citizens of Halifax, as the benefits
-accrue to the country as a whole the gratitude of the people of
-Canada is due to the small band of workers who for the past
-eighteen months have generously and patriotically assumed the
-burden for the whole Dominion.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Those were busy days at Pier 2; and although much sacrifice was
-demanded of the Halifax Creche Committee, it is not too much to
-say that it was willingly and joyfully given by those who wished to
-have some small share in the work of the Great War.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_393.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>FROM LEFT TO RIGHT—MRS. J. G. M‘DOUGALL, MRS. HECTOR M‘INNES, MRS. W. A. HENRY, MRS. M‘CALLUM GRANT.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_394'>394</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER LVII.<br /> <em>ST. MATTHEW’S CHURCH AND THE WAR.</em></h2>
-</div>
-<p class='c034'>[A description of the work done by each of the churches in Nova Scotia
-would require a book in itself. The following article on the activities of
-St. Matthew’s Church, Halifax, is typical of the manner in which the churches
-of all denominations throughout the Province watched over the spiritual
-and material welfare of men of the Overseas’ Units.—<span class='sc'>Editor.</span>]</p>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c014'>Early in the War, as soon as it became evident to the citizens
-of Halifax that the struggle against “Might” would endure
-for some time, and that this station would become again and
-remain an important rendezvous for the army and navy while
-hostilities lasted, the question of showing some tangible appreciation
-to the volunteers who were rallying to the colors became paramount
-in many minds. Noticing the presence of many of these men at
-the regular church services in St. Matthew’s the minister (Rev.
-J. W. Macmillan, D.D.) conceived the idea of having special receptions
-so that they, while in Halifax, should find a real church
-home and get sociably acquainted with members of the congregation.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Such receptions were held at the close of the usual Sunday
-evening services. Many of the men were met thus and later welcomed
-at various homes during the week. It was later found
-expedient for these hosts to join forces so as to be able to entertain
-larger numbers than could be accommodated at the houses, and it
-was thus that the Thursday evening entertainments originated in
-the schoolroom of St. Matthew’s Church during October, 1914.
-These gained immediately in popularity until crowded houses with
-S.R.O. signs continued for five winters without intermittence,
-except for a few weeks following the great explosion of December,
-1917.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The ladies of the congregation were from first to last the chief
-motive power at all these meetings, and the secret of their success.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_395'>395</span>Some were not publicly in evidence but worked “behind the scenes”
-in supplying and providing the refreshments that formed a most
-important part of these functions and did yeoman service. The
-work was quickly organized into a perfect system, everybody being
-assigned to a task that suited the particular attitude of the worker,
-with plenty of eager helpers always on hand as reserves.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>This organization was not any premeditated system nor was it
-arranged on the basis of any other movement, but being almost
-impromptu formed itself with a naturalness according to the needs
-as they developed until it appeared to become as perfect as is
-humanly possible and so it continued with an earnest patriotic zeal
-on the part of the people anxious to help but unable to go to the
-field of war because of their sex or their age limit. Some distinguished
-themselves as caterers, cooks, coffee makers, waiters or
-waitresses and even as dishwashers. Others at the doors as welcoming
-committees or indoors as cartoon makers, lantern manipulators,
-contest managers, leaders of choruses and accompanists or
-“masters of ceremonies” and chairmen. Others again found work
-in advertising the meetings at the various ships and barracks until
-it became the rule that every new Regiment or warship arriving at
-Halifax was promptly advised of these Thursday evening meetings.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The entertainment itself evolved into a systematic method by
-natural causes too, rather than by design. Noting the crowds of
-soldiers and sailors on the streets at an early hour the doors were
-opened at 6.30 p.m. and immediately the hall began filling. To
-entertain the early arrivals a magic lantern displayed reproductions
-of recent war cartoons and cheery messages, while various popular
-songs and choruses thrown on the screen by the same method with
-a good accompanist at the piano got every one settled down for a
-hearty sing-song. Each week the cartoons were supplemented with
-additions and new songs added, along with items of current interest
-and latest news, more pictures of local topics and jokes that were
-fully appreciated. These opening features proved attractive and
-were followed with some contest varying weekly in their style and
-nature, for which prizes were awarded—always two at the least and
-sometimes as many as twelve, most of them being made and given
-by the ladies of the congregation—that were keenly contested for by
-the men in uniform. This first portion of the meeting soon became
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_396'>396</span>an essential part of the entertainment and was usually controlled
-by a “master of ceremonies,” who between 7.45 to 8 o’clock would
-surrender his position to the chairman of the evening, and he in
-turn would call the meeting to order with the singing of the
-National Anthem, and after a few words of welcome the concert
-proper was conducted.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In this respect all the best and cleverest artists, without distinction
-of class or creed, responded willingly and enthusiastically
-to the committees having charge of the programmes. These committees
-rotated in their work and there arose a healthy competition
-between them in acquiring special performers and singers to assure
-successful concerts.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At nine o’clock an adjournment for refreshments took place.
-This half-hour provided an opportunity for conversation as well as
-for eating; the lantern threw cartoons and pictures, jokes and songs
-on the screen so that good humor continued to prevail. During
-this interval some committee members moved among the audience
-seeking for impromptu items for a programme that was continued
-along with choruses from 9.30 to 10 o’clock and even later for the
-benefit of such as had special “late leave.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The interest in these entertainments did not wane. It never
-flagged at any period of the five winters. The workers never tired
-of their tasks, nor was there ever any difficulty noticed in obtaining
-a bountiful supply of musical talent or refreshments to ensure
-success.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The secret of any extra degree of popularity for these Thursday
-evenings cannot be attributed to any one cause but rather to a combination
-of circumstances. To a great degree the down-town
-position of St. Matthew’s made a strong appeal. The early start of
-these concerts caused them to be better known perhaps, and the
-fact of their regularity and continuity helped matters greatly, and
-yet, perhaps more than all, the ladies of St. Matthew’s were a greater
-factor than all these. This can be stated without in any degree
-disparaging the great work done by other churches and institutions
-or of ladies who were equally active in other places, and yet
-these ladies as a body were able to greet all the men in uniform
-with a heartiness that was promptly felt and without at any time
-the semblance of that familiarity that breeds contempt or of a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_397'>397</span>patronizing air to which soldiers and sailors especially are most
-sensitive, and at no time was there anything but the most respectful
-and kindly feeling shown on either side.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>No smoking was indulged in at these gatherings, and none appeared
-to wish the privilege. The men refrained out of their
-natural respect to the ladies in the audience. Later on some “No
-Smoking Allowed” signs were placed in the ante-rooms, where
-some were wont to indulge in a few puffs during the intervals, but
-this was done on account of the fire risks in the older part of the
-structure and did not occasion much if any comment.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>To the credit of the men themselves it can be recorded now that
-though between 125 and 150 of these meetings were held and the
-average attendance was well over 400 men in uniform at each, only
-two men were noticed to be the worse for liquor, and one of these
-occasioned the only instance of a disagreement over any contest
-that took place on those evenings, and in his case the offender came
-back to the following meeting and apologized for his own unseemly
-behavior. This is a record for our soldiers and sailors of which
-the people of St. Matthew’s feel particularly proud. In itself it
-repays them fully for any efforts that were undertaken and leaves
-them ready to entertain such men whenever an opportunity occurs.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Sunday evening services of song were in some respects even
-more successful than the Thursday night concerts. A better chance
-to meet and know the men was afforded, and a better opportunity
-provided to intermingle and converse. The strangers invariably
-seemed to meet people from their own home towns or provinces,
-and the men from Britain found enthusiasts from Scotland, England,
-Ireland or Wales ready to greet them on mutual racial
-grounds.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The addresses on these occasions always had a more serious,
-religious or sentimental strain than was noticeable on week nights,
-and the Rev. Dr. Clarke, who succeeded Dr. Macmillan in 1916 as
-minister of the congregation was always ready to tell a good story
-and point a moral with good effect. The lantern was used for
-throwing the words of well-known hymn tunes on the screen, and
-the singing often had the fervor of a revival meeting. As each
-Unit or Regiment was known to be embarking for the Front, “God
-Be With You Till We Meet Again” was invariably sung and often
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_398'>398</span>that hymn, “Eternal Father Strong to Save” and various war-time
-versions thereof were prayerfully sung. Besides the hymn
-singing there were always solos, duets or quartettes rendered by
-the church choir and other artists. Refreshments were served
-before dispersing, but were plainer than the fare dispensed on
-Thursdays, being confined to tea and biscuits so as to lessen the
-labor in deference to the Sabbath. These however, were greatly
-appreciated by men who had eaten their suppers at 4 p.m. with no
-other meal in prospect until the next day.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Some thousands signed their autographs in visitors’ books that
-were frequently passed around for signature, and among them are
-those of hundreds who now lie in Flanders fields or gave their lives
-for God and King and Country in other spheres of the War zone.
-Many appreciatory letters were received from boys and men after
-they left Halifax, expressing their appreciation of these receptions,
-some of them comparing the wintry nights in the trenches or on
-the North Sea with the peaceful hours spent at St. Matthew’s.
-Many wives and mothers in all parts of Canada have heard of
-St. Matthew’s and Halifax and have shown their thankfulness in
-many ways for the attention given their husbands and sons while
-here. The work of the Halifax Churches combined with the activities
-of the Citizens’ Reception Committee and the Y.M.C.A. work
-at Pier 2 throughout the War have made the name of Halifax well
-and favorably known throughout the land. Even now that the War
-is over the duty of the churches towards the strangers within their
-gates should be continued—the need is great though the boys and
-men may not be in uniform and many of these could enjoy and
-appreciate as the soldiers and sailors did, a warm and kindly welcome
-from a Christian community.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_399'>399</span>
-  <h2 class='c005'>SPECIAL SKETCHES</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_401'>401</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>PROMINENT NOVA SCOTIANS</h3>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
-    <div>SOME KILLED IN ACTION—OTHERS “CARRYING ON”</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<img src='images/i_401.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. W. E. THOMPSON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>To the organizing ability, and more especially the extraordinary
-genius for administration, of Col. W. E. Thompson must be given
-the chief credit for the splendid achievement and unsullied record of
-Military District No. 6. Second in Command of the 63rd Halifax
-Rifles at the outbreak of the War, he was, in December, 1914,
-called in by headquarters to assume the duties of Inspector of Outposts
-and Detachments throughout the district, with the rank of
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_402'>402</span>Lieutenant-Colonel. In March, 1915, he was appointed Assistant
-Adjutant-General and Officer in Charge of Administration of
-Military District No. 6. In May, 1916, he was promoted to the
-rank of Colonel; and during the summer of that year, in addition
-to his duties as Assistant Adjutant-General, was Commandant of
-the Camp at Aldershot. In December, 1918, Colonel Thompson
-succeeded to the command of Military District No. 6.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The effect of his personality and of his genius for organization
-and, more particularly, administration, on the whole service of
-Military District No. 6, as well as on its morale, was extraordinary.
-He was regarded by Headquarters Staff, even by the three General
-Officers Commanding, before he succeeded to the command, as the
-authentic administrative “Mind” of the district. No other military
-district had such varied and great administrative problems and
-such heavy responsibilities as Military District No. 6, and yet the
-War was concluded with not a single mark against the administration
-and not a breath of scandal on its personnel and their
-conduct of the various Departments. For that splendid achievement
-Colonel Thompson was chiefly responsible.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>In heart, however, he was eminently the soldier. Repeatedly he
-volunteered for active service Overseas, and even specially appealed
-to Ottawa for permission to go Overseas with a Unit, but the
-Canadian Militia Department was obdurate, declaring that his
-genius for organization and administration was of such a character
-that he could not be spared from headquarters Military District
-No. 6. Strict, firm, and soldierly at headquarters, Colonel Thompson,
-notwithstanding, exemplified democracy in the most undemocratic
-of institutions, the army. His genuine democracy, his
-tempering of justice with mercy, and his fine kindliness won for
-him the high respect and admiration of all ranks.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Col. Gordon S. Harrington, K.C., is a son of the late C. S.
-Harrington, K.C., of Halifax, N.S. He was admitted to the Bar
-on October 19, 1904, and practised his profession at Glace Bay, N.S.
-He was one of the original Company Commanders of the 85th
-Battalion with the rank of Major, and, on the formation of the
-Nova Scotia Highland Brigade, returned to Cape Breton and supervised
-the recruiting of the 185th Battalion. He was transferred to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_403'>403</span>that Unit with his rank of Major and proceeded Overseas with it.
-When the Brigade was broken up he was sent to the Imperial First
-Senior Infantry School at Bedford, where he passed the qualifying
-examination with the highest marks ever attained at that institution.
-On reporting to the Nova Scotia Regimental Depot at Bramshott
-he was posted to the 17th Reserve Battalion, of which he was successively
-Second in Command and O.C. In May, 1917, he was
-transferred to the Staff of the Overseas Minister, London, and a
-short time later was appointed Assistant Deputy Minister. In 1918
-he was appointed Deputy Minister and promoted to the rank of
-Colonel. He served in the field on Corps Headquarters.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<img src='images/i_403.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COL. GORDON S. HARRINGTON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Having in mind the fact that at the sudden outbreak of war,
-August, 1914, the permanent military force of Canada only numbered
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_404'>404</span>3,075, it will be readily understood that the Department of
-Militia and Defence was at once compelled to grapple with an
-enormous task for which no one could expect it to be prepared.
-The situation had to be met. The work had to be done. It had to
-be done quickly, and it is to the everlasting credit of Canada that
-we had men of outstanding ability and energy to cope successfully
-with the urgent situation.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<img src='images/i_404.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>HON. F. B. M‘CURDY,<br />Secretary of Department of Militia.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>By July, 1916, our military force was 312,844. Of these
-136,185 were in Canada and 176,659 were Overseas. The number
-was daily increasing; and only those who were in close touch with
-the tremendous work of organizing, equipping, supplying and despatching
-such an army can realize what that meant in comparison
-with the work of administering affairs in regard to about 3,000 men
-during times of peace.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_405'>405</span>In these circumstances, and in view of the further fact that the
-exigencies of affairs frequently called the Minister of Militia away
-from Ottawa for the purpose of visiting recruiting centres and
-military camps in Canada, as well as Canadian Headquarters in
-England, the Government decided that it was necessary to have a
-Parliamentary Secretary of the Department of Militia and Defence;
-and, accordingly, on July 16, 1916, by an Order-in-Council the office
-was created endowing the holder with general authority in regard
-to administration of the Department, and directing that during the
-absence from Ottawa of the Minister, the Parliamentary Secretary
-should also preside at all meetings of the Militia Council and report
-to the Privy Council through the Prime Minister.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Fortunately, the services of a man of wide experience in business
-affairs, of well-known executive ability and withal energetic in
-discharge of duty, in the person of Mr. F. B. McCurdy, M.P., was
-available, and the Prime Minister wisely asked him to take up this
-very important work.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mr. McCurdy willingly agreed; but with one stipulation. The
-salary affixed to the office was $5,000. Mr. McCurdy was past
-military age, but he believed that every man should, as far as was
-in his power, contribute to national duty. He, therefore, stipulated
-that his services as Parliamentary Secretary of the Militia Department
-would be a free contribution to the country, and he so served.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Immediately after Mr. McCurdy’s appointment, Sir Sam
-Hughes, Minister of Militia and Defence, went Overseas; and from
-that time, which, it will be remembered, was a very active and
-critical period of the War, until the creation of the Ministry of
-Overseas Military Forces of Canada, Mr. McCurdy played a very
-important part in the vital work of building up and strengthening
-Canada’s great army.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Naturally Mr. McCurdy while discharging his weighty duties
-with due and patriotic regard to the national interests of the whole
-country, had a sympathetic ear for his fellow Nova Scotians; and
-it is well known that his good judgment and influential voice prevailed
-in regard to irritating questions as to the representation of
-Battalions at the Front, with results that afforded great satisfaction
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_406'>406</span>to the people of his native Province. It is sufficient to say that
-Mr. McCurdy’s eminent record as Parliamentary Secretary proved
-the unerring judgment of the Prime Minister in selecting the right
-men for responsible positions.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>At the election of December, 1917, Mr. McCurdy was returned
-by acclamation for Colchester, his native county.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<img src='images/i_406.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MAJOR-GENERAL G. L. FOSTER, M.D., F.R.C.S., LL.D., C.B.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Son of George and Elmira Foster. Born at North Kingston,
-Kings County, Nova Scotia, May, 1874. Graduated M.D. 1896,
-University of New York, U.S.A. First appointment, Canadian
-Militia, August 4, 1897, Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon, 68th
-Regiment, Kings County, Nova Scotia. Served with Yukon Field
-Forces as P.M.O., March, 1898, to July, 1900. April, 1913, appointed
-Assistant Director of Medical Services, Military District No. 2, with
-headquarters at Toronto, Ontario. September, 1914, sailed from
-Quebec with First Canadian Contingent and appointed A.D.M.S.
-1st Division Canadians, with the rank of Colonel. Served in
-France from February, 1915, to September, 1915, as A.D.M.S. 1st
-Division Canadians. September, 1915, appointed Deputy Director
-of Medical Services, Canadian Corps, on its formation and served
-with Canadian Corps in France until February, 1917, when appointed
-Director-General of Medical Services, Overseas Military
-Forces of Canada with the rank of Major-General, headquarters in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_407'>407</span>London, England. March, 1920, appointed Acting Director-General
-of Medical Services, Canadian Militia, with headquarters at Ottawa.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'><em>Medals and Decorations.</em></p>
-
-<p class='c019'>1914–15 Star.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>General Service Medal.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Victory Medal with Leaf.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><em>Decorations, Military.</em></p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Companion of the Order of the Bath.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Knight of Grace, St. John of Jerusalem.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Officer Legion of Honour.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Civil Honors received as Head of the Canadian Medical Service during
-the Great War, 1914–15.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>October, 1919, Edinburgh University conferred the degree of F.R.C.S.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>June, 1920. McGill University, conferred the degree of LL.D.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<img src='images/i_407.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. CHARLES E. BENT, C.M.G., D.S.O.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. Charles E. Bent was a Captain in the 93rd Cumberland
-Regiment at the outbreak of the War. He immediately volunteered
-for active service and, as Adjutant of the 17th Battalion,
-accompanied the First Division to England. On the breaking up
-of that Unit he took a draft over to the 13th Battalion, arriving in
-France April, 1915. He reported for duty with the 15th Battalion
-and was given command of a Platoon. He became a Company
-Commander immediately after the fighting of Festubert, 1915;
-Second in Command December 31, 1915; and Officer Commanding
-the 15th Battalion in May, 1916. He took part in all fighting with
-the First Division until wounded August 9, 1918, near Caix, east
-of Amiens. He rejoined his Battalion on October 1st, and after
-the Armistice proceeded with the Army of Occupation to Germany.
-He acted as Brigade Commander on several occasions and was in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_408'>408</span>command of the 3rd Brigade from October 20 to November 24,
-1918. He took part in the following battles:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Festubert</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1915</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Givenchy</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1915</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Messines</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1915</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Ypres</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1916</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Ploegsteerte</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1916</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Ypres</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1916</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Hill 60</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1916</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Sanctuary Wood</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1916</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Somme</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1916</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Vimy Ridge</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1917</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Hill 70</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1917</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Passchendaele</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1917</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Telegraph Hill</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1918</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Amiens</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1918</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Drocourt-Queant Line</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1918</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-<p class='c035'>and others up to the signing of the Armistice, November 11, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'><em>Decorations.</em></p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>C.M.G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>D.S.O. and Bar.</div>
-      <div class='line'>1914–15 Star.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Colonial Auxiliary Forces’ Long Service Medal.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Seven mentions in despatches.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<img src='images/i_408.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. J. A. M‘DONALD.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut.-Col. J. A. McDonald started his military career by
-enlisting in the 17th Sydney Field Battery in 1896, receiving first-class
-certificate from the R.S.A., Quebec, winter of 1897–98, enlisted
-for service in South Africa 1899, served in “E” Battery and
-4th C.M.R., obtained commission in the 17th 1906, qualified and
-promoted through the various stages until he took command of the
-Battery in 1913, was still in command at outbreak of the War in
-August, 1914, when he volunteered the Battery for Overseas service
-through the then Brigade Commander, Lieut.-Col. H. G. McLeod.
-August 8, 1914. On arrival at Valcartier he was posted as Captain
-to the 5th Westmount Battery, 2nd Brigade, C.F.A., promoted in
-Field to rank of Major May, 1915, and took command of 7th
-Battery, promoted to rank of Lieutenant-Colonel April, 1917, and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_409'>409</span>was posted to command the 3rd Brigade, C.F.A., commanded this
-Brigade until it was demobilized in Canada in May, 1919, except
-for period of three months, during which time he was attached to the
-4th Canadian Division Artillery Headquarters, acting as C.R.A.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>During the above period of four years and ten months on active
-service he went through every engagement in which the Canadian
-Corps took part from the day the First Canadian Division landed
-on French soil (February 12, 1915) up to the day of the Armistice,
-November 11, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Decorations are as follows:—</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Queen’s South Africa Medal, Three Clasps.</div>
-      <div class='line'>D.S.O., <cite>London Gazette</cite>, 1–1–17.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mentioned in despatches, <cite>London Gazette</cite>, 4–1–17.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mentioned in despatches, <cite>London Gazette</cite>, 28–5–18.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mentioned in despatches, <cite>London Gazette</cite>, 31–12–18.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mentioned in despatches, <cite>London Gazette</cite>, 11–7–19.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Awarded Bar to D.S.O., <cite>London Gazette</cite>, 1–2–19.</div>
-      <div class='line'>1914–15 Star, <cite>London Gazette</cite>, 3–5–19.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c019'>Total period of service, twenty-three years, of which six years and four
-months were spent on active service.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<img src='images/i_409.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. T. HOWARD MACDONALD, C.A.M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Went Overseas January, 1915, unattached, with the rank of
-Major. He was first attached to the Canadian Convalescent
-Hospital at Bearwood Park. From there he went to Bath, thence
-to Moore Barracks Hospital, and was later appointed Medical
-Examiner of the Pension Board, London. He went to France as
-Medical Officer of a Labor Battalion. He was promoted to the
-rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and received the appointment of Commanding
-Officer of the medical personnel of the Hospital Ship
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_410'>410</span><em>Llandovery Castle</em>. This ship was torpedoed by an enemy submarine
-on June 27, 1918, and Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonald was
-drowned. Out of the entire ship’s company there were only twenty-four
-survivors, and of the hospital personnel of ninety-seven only
-one officer and five other ranks escaped. In spite of their appalling
-circumstances the conduct of all on board was in fitting keeping with
-the proudest traditions of the British Army and the mercantile
-marine. And throughout nothing was more marked than the coolness
-and courage of the fourteen Canadian Nursing Sisters, every
-one of whom was lost. Two of the nursing sisters—Pearl Fraser
-and Minnie Follette—were Nova Scotians.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_410.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MISS MARGARET MACDONALD, LL.D., R.R.C.,<br /><br />Matron-in-Chief of Canadian Nursing Sisters.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Miss Macdonald was born at Bailey’s
-Brook, Pictou County, and is a daughter
-of the late D. D. Macdonald. She is a
-sister of Col. R. St. John Macdonald, who
-was in command of the St. Francis
-Xavier Unit. Miss Macdonald served in
-the Spanish-American War, in the South
-African War, and later in the Canal Zone
-at Panama. In November, 1906, she was
-appointed a Nursing Sister in the Canadian
-Army Permanent Medical Corps, and
-after taking a course in England received
-the appointment of Matron-in-Chief and
-was in command of three thousand Canadian
-Nursing Sisters during the Great
-War. She has been decorated with the Royal Red Cross and the
-Florence Nightingale medal.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. M. F. Gregg, a graduate of Acadia University, Wolfville,
-won the Victoria Cross while serving with the Royal Canadian
-Regiment. The following is the official record as published in the
-<cite>London Gazette</cite>:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“On September the 28th, when the advance of the Brigade
-was held up by fire on both flanks and by thick, uncut wire, he
-crawled forward alone and explored the wire until he found a
-small gap, through which he subsequently led his men and forced
-an entry into the enemy trench. The enemy counter-attacked in
-force and through lack of bombs the situation became critical.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_411'>411</span>
-<img src='images/i_411.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. M. F. GREGG, V.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_412'>412</span>“Gregg, although wounded, returned alone under a terrific fire
-and collected a further supply, then rejoined his party which was
-now much reduced. Despite a second wound he reorganized his
-men and led them in the most determined way against the enemy
-trenches, which he finally
-cleared. He personally
-killed or wounded
-eleven of the enemy and
-took twenty-five prisoners,
-besides capturing
-twelve machine guns in
-this trench. Remaining
-with the Company, despite
-his wounds, he
-again, on September
-30th, led the men in
-attack until severely
-wounded. The outstanding
-valor of this officer
-saved many casualties
-and enabled the advance
-to continue.”</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_412.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>PTE. JOHN CROAK, V.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Pte. John Croak,
-V.C., was born in Newfoundland
-and came to
-Glace Bay with his parents
-at four years of age. He attended St. John’s School, New
-Aberdeen, Glace Bay, and afterwards worked as a miner in No. 2
-Colliery, Glace Bay (the biggest in the world). He volunteered for
-Overseas service in the 55th Battalion and was transferred to the
-13th Battalion. He died of wounds received in action on August
-8, 1918. His father, mother, two sisters and two brothers are living
-at Glace Bay.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_413'>413</span>The official notice from the War Office announcing the award
-of the Victoria Cross was as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“On August 8, 1918, during the attack on Amiens Defence
-System, after being separated from his section, Private Croak
-encountered a machine-gun nest in Ring Copse, which he dealt with
-by first bombing unassisted and then jumping into the post, taking
-the gun and crew prisoners. Shortly afterwards he was severely
-wounded in the right arm but refused to desist.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“In a few minutes his Platoon, which this soldier had rejoined,
-again encountered a very strong point, containing several machine-guns
-and they were forced to take cover. Private Croak, however,
-seeing an opportunity, dashed forward alone, and was almost immediately
-followed by the remainder of the Platoon in a brilliant
-charge. He was the first to arrive at the trench line, into which he
-led the men, capturing three machine-guns and bayoneting or capturing
-the entire garrison.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“The perseverance and courage of this gallant man were undoubtedly
-responsible for taking the strongest point in the whole
-day’s advance.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“Private Croak was again severely wounded in the knee and
-died in a few minutes.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>On November 23, 1918, Lieutenant-Governor Grant formally
-presented the Victoria Cross to his
-mother, Mrs. James Croak, of New
-Aberdeen, Cape Breton. The Lieutenant-Governor
-complimented the parents and
-a sister who accompanied them on the
-fact that their son and brother had so
-well demonstrated that he came of good
-stock and was a good soldier, a brave
-man, and a hero.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_413.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MAJOR CECIL VERGE STRONG, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major Cecil Verge Strong, M.C., son
-of Percy T. Strong, Esq., of Halifax.
-He was O.C. 15th Field Company,
-Royal Engineers, and the youngest Commanding Officer in the
-British Army. He was killed in action March 10, 1917, aged
-23 years. Buried Piney Post Cemetery, Maurepas, near Peronne.
-Mentioned in despatches five times.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_414'>414</span>
-<img src='images/i_414a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MAJOR J ARNOLD DELANCEY, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_414b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MAJOR EDWARD W. JOY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major J. Arnold Delancey, M.C., joined the 40th Battalion and
-transferred to the 25th Battalion as machine gun officer. He was
-Adjutant of the 25th in France and attained his majority in
-October, 1916. He was killed at Vimy Ridge, April 9, 1917, while
-leading his Battalion, of which he was in temporary command.
-He was decorated with the Military Cross. He had a distinguished
-career and was rapidly promoted on account of his good
-work at the Front.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Major Edward W. Joy went Overseas with 106th Battalion.
-Transferred to 78th Battalion in France. Killed in action at Vimy
-Ridge, April 9, 1917.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Kennet Stairs. Born 1889. Killed in action September
-30, 1918, while serving with 60th Battery, C.F.A., near Cambrai.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Philip Boyd Stairs, D.S.O. Born 1895. Wounded while
-serving with 5th Canadian Division, T.M.B. Died of influenza at
-Valenciennes, November 21, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. George W. Stairs. Born 1887. Killed at St. Julien,
-April 24, 1915, while serving with the 14th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. John C. Stairs. Born 1891. Killed at Courcellette, September
-15, 1916, while serving with the 25th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. Gauvin L. Stairs. Born 1896. Killed at Moquet Farm,
-near Courcellette, September 7, 1916, while serving with the 14th
-Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Pte. Graham Stairs. Born 1894. Died of pneumonia at Halifax,
-December 10, 1915, while serving with the 85th Battalion.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>“One by one Death challenged them. One by one they smiled in his grim
-visage and refused to be dismayed.”</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_415'>415</span></div>
-<div class='chapter'>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>THE STAIRS FAMILY.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_415a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. KENNET STAIRS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_415b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. PHILIP R. STAIRS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><em>Sons of Mrs. Edward Stairs, Halifax.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_415c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. GEORGE W. STAIRS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_415d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. JOHN C. STAIRS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><em>Sons of George Stairs, Halifax.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_415e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. GAUVIN L. STAIRS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_415f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>PTE. GRAHAM STAIRS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><em>Sons of Gauvin L. Stairs, Halifax.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_416'>416</span></div>
-<div class='chapter'>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_416a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. E. J. DWYER.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_416b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. L. RAY CUTTEN.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_416c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. EDGAR S. SPURR. M.C.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_416d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. GEORGE COLLINS PARISH, YARMOUTH, N.S.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_417'>417</span>Capt. E. J. Dwyer was Second in Command of “C” Company,
-85th Battalion. He left the Battalion shortly after it arrived in
-England to join the 25th Battalion in France. After serving with
-the latter Unit for six months he was detailed to proceed to
-Mesopotamia, and sailed on the <em>Nyanza</em>. This ship was torpedoed
-and Captain Dwyer was drowned.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. L. Ray Cutten, an officer in the 93rd Cumberland Regiment.
-He volunteered for service Overseas at the outbreak of war
-and was Assistant Adjutant of the 17th Battalion. He transferred
-to the 15th Battalion and again to the 2nd Battalion, in which he
-was a Company Commander and was recommended for the Military
-Cross. He was killed at Maple Grove, near Hill 60, June 5, 1916.
-Buried near Poperinghe.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. Edgar S. Spurr, M.C., obtained his commission in 112th
-Battalion. Promoted to rank of Captain July 24, 1916. Reverted
-to go to France, where he served with the 25th Battalion. Awarded
-the Military Cross and regained the rank of Captain. August 15,
-1917. Killed in action, June 14. 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. George Collins Parish, Yarmouth, N.S. Immediately
-after the outbreak of the Great War, was appointed Lieutenant in
-the 81st Regiment Canadian Infantry.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Commissioned as a Lieutenant in the 40th Battalion, C.E.F.
-Recruited a Platoon in Yarmouth for that Unit, took them to Valcartier.
-After a period of training he was sent Overseas in command
-of a reinforcing draft of 250 men.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>He was attached to the 17th Reserve Battalion at Bramshott for
-a period, when, in 1916, he was posted to the 25th Battalion, and
-sent to Belgium, was severely wounded and invalided home. On
-his partial recovery he was posted to the 1st Nova Scotia Regiment,
-Depot Battalion, as Paymaster, with the rank of Captain. He contracted
-influenza and died October 28, 1918. Was interred at
-Mountain Cemetery, Yarmouth.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_418'>418</span>Six sons of G. Douglas and Kate G. Campbell, of Weymouth,
-were volunteers in August, 1914.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>Colin</span>, the youngest, enlisted first and served at McNab’s Island.
-He joined the 23rd Battery at Fredericton in November. Proceeded
-Overseas in March, 1915, and arrived in France the following June.
-Severely wounded at La Bassee, June 19th. On discharge from
-hospital he joined the Imperial Service and obtained his commission.
-Returned to the Front during the winter of 1915–16. Received
-multiple wounds July 19th and was awarded the M.C. After discharge
-from hospital he was decorated by the King and again
-returned to the Front. Passed examination for aviation during
-the summer, but returning to the artillery was killed in action near
-Passchendaele, October 10, 1917.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>Tom</span>, also joined the 23rd Battery and proceeded to England
-with Colin. He was transferred to the 3rd Battalion and served at
-the Front from June to December, 1915. Trench life and its filthy
-conditions undermined his health, and in December he was shell-shocked
-and sent to hospital. He returned to Canada in 1916.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>Kenneth</span>, began his training for active service at Halifax, later
-going to Valcartier. He was sent to Weymouth to assist in recruiting
-the 85th and 219th Battalions. He proceeded Overseas in
-August, 1916, and joined the 42nd Battalion. He became Bombing
-Officer of that Unit, and was killed at Vimy Ridge, January 18,
-1917, and buried at Mount St. Eloi.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>John Duncan</span>, joined the 106th Battalion at Truro in January,
-1916. Arrived in England, July, 1916, and at the Front in December,
-1916. Wounded in hand and thigh at Vimy Ridge, April 8, 1917.
-Returned to the Front and served until shell-shocked at Rochmont.
-Returned to Halifax, June, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_419'>419</span>
-<img src='images/i_419.jpg' alt='CAPT. GLIDDEN LIEUT. KENNETH LIEUT. COLIN DUNCAN ALBERT TOM' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>THE SIX CAMPBELL BROTHERS.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_420'>420</span><span class='sc'>Glidden</span>, the eldest, was already in the Militia when the War
-broke out, his commission being dated June, 1914. He was in
-command of the Digby Detachment of the Garrison Artillery at
-Barrington, N.S., and joined the 85th Battalion in October, 1915,
-as Machine Gun Officer. He proceeded Overseas with that Unit,
-arriving in France in time for the Vimy show. He was appointed
-to the command of “B” Company in October, 1917. He led his
-Company at Passchendaele, wiping out over a dozen machine gun
-nests and capturing a pill-box single-handed. Was blown into the
-air by a shell and, although wounded, refused to leave the line. He
-was awarded the M.C. He carried on with the Battalion until
-June, 1918, when, after an attack of trench fever and suffering
-from the effects of gas, he was sent to the South of France to recuperate.
-He later transferred to the Forestry Corps, taking command
-of the 79th Company and was promoted to the rank of Major.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>Albert Mungo</span>, volunteered in 1914, but as his five brothers
-had left his father’s business, it was decided that he should remain
-at home. He was so anxious to join up, however, that he was
-reluctantly permitted to do so, and in the early spring of 1916
-enlisted in the 58th Battery, C.F.A. He went to the Front with
-that Unit and remained with it to the finish. He was the last of
-the four surviving brothers to arrive home.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_420.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. H. A. MURRAY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. H. A. Murray joined the 24th
-Battalion as Lieutenant during the winter
-of 1915 from the McGill C.O.T.C., and
-served as Transport Officer until May,
-1916. Promoted to Captain in July, 1916,
-and to Acting-Major while in command
-of a Company in September, 1916. Was
-Company Commander of “D” Company,
-24th Battalion, when killed in fighting for
-Regina Trench, near Courcellette, on
-October 1, 1916.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_421'>421</span>
-<img src='images/i_421a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. EDWARD C. CLAYTON, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. Edward C. Clayton, M.C., son of W. J. Clayton, Halifax.
-Appointed Lieutenant 85th Battalion, December 28, 1916. Promoted
-to rank of Captain, August 9,
-1917. Awarded Military Cross, Eleudit
-Leauvette. Although not his turn to lead
-his Company in the attack on Passchendaele
-Ridge he urged his reasons for
-doing so upon his Commanding Officer so
-strongly that permission was given him.
-He was killed by a piece of shell just as
-his Company advanced in the attack, but
-he had made his preparation so carefully
-that they carried on, annihilated the
-enemy, gained their objectives, dug in,
-and held their position intact until the Battalion was relieved.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_421b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. HARRY ELTHAN HILTON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. Harry Elthan Hilton, only child of Mr. and Mrs. A. H.
-Hilton, of Kingston, Nova Scotia. Born
-September 16, 1894. When war broke
-out was on the Staff of the Bank of Nova
-Scotia. He enlisted in the 63rd Regiment
-on August 14, 1914, gazetted
-Lieutenant the following month and
-sailed for England with a draft of the
-63rd on March 1, 1916. Went to France,
-June 14, 1916, and was attached to the
-42nd Battalion. He fought at Courcellette
-and various other engagements
-throughout the Somme campaign. Later
-was transferred to the 7th Trench Mortar Battery and was killed at
-Vimy Ridge. Gazetted Captain, January 13, 1917.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_422a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. A. S. ALLEN, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. A. S. Allen, M.C., son of Mr. Arthur E. Allen, of Yarmouth,
-N.S. Born at Glenwood, Yarmouth County, July 23, 1895.
-At the age of sixteen he entered the service of the Bank of Nova
-Scotia, and in 1913 was transferred to the Barrington Street
-Branch, Halifax. He qualified as Lieutenant in the 81st Regiment
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_422'>422</span>and proceeded Overseas with the 40th Battalion. In March, 1916,
-he joined the 18th Battalion in France. He was later gazetted
-Captain and awarded the Military Cross. In November he transferred
-to the R.F.C. On April 30, 1917,
-while reconnoitering over Gouzeaucourt
-his plane was attacked by six enemy
-machines. Captain Allen was hit by a
-machine-gun bullet and was dead when
-his plane crashed. Lieut. D. Mactavish,
-Inverness, Scotland, who accompanied
-him on this flight, writes:</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>“I can never forget him as I saw him
-at the last, calm and collected to the end,
-sighting and firing until his strength gave
-out and he was overcome by exhaustion.
-It is given to a few men to live greatly, but to be able to die as he
-did is a gift of God. Truly he won—<i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Per ardua ad astra</span></i>.”</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_422b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>CAPT. J. E. ALMON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. J. E. Almon, son of the late Dr. Thomas Almon, of
-Halifax. Killed in action at Passchendaele, while serving with the
-P.P.C.L.I.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_422c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. CYRIL M‘LELLAN MOWBRAY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Cyril McLellan Mowbray, only son of Lieut. Col. J. A. C.
-Mowbray, O.B.E., Senior Pay Officer, Military District No. 6.
-Killed in action, November 10, 1917, at Passchendaele, aged nineteen
-years, while serving with the 5th Canadian Battalion.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_423'>423</span>
-<img src='images/i_423a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>SECOND LIEUT. JOHN STRUAN ROBERTSON.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Second Lieut. John Struan Robertson,
-son of Lieut.-Col. Struan G. Robertson,
-of Pictou. Born in Westville, Pictou
-County, November 17, 1896. Got his
-commission from the Royal Military College,
-Kingston, Ont., in 1917. Attached
-to the R.F.A., B. 46th Brigade, 14th
-Division, 5th Army. Killed near Benay,
-in the neighborhood of St. Quentin,
-March 21, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_423b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. GEORGE MACDONALD SYLVESTER.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. George Macdonald Sylvester.
-Went Overseas with 40th Battalion as
-Assistant Adjutant. Transferred to 14th
-Battalion and was killed at Regina
-Trench, September 26, 1916.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figright id004'>
-<img src='images/i_423c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>LIEUT. WALTER MELVILLE BILLMAN.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Walter Melville Billman. At
-Oxford at outbreak of war. Joined
-Officers’ Training Corps, Oxford.
-Appointed Second Lieutenant 6th Battalion
-1st Middlesex Regiment. Died of
-wounds received at Battle of Somme,
-November 5, 1916.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_424'>424</span></div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_424a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. HOWARD CHARLES DAWSON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_424b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. JOHN. H. FIENDAL.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_424c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. THOMAS LOUIS BRENNAN.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_424d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. G. H. CAMPBELL.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_424e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. F. P. H. LAYTON.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_424f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. ALFRED S. CHURCHILL.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_425'>425</span>Lieut. Howard Charles Dawson, son of Mr. and Mrs. C. M.
-Dawson, of Truro, N.S. He was killed while on scout duty at Ablain,
-St. Nazaire, on January 12, 1917, at the age of 22 years. He was
-buried in Sucrerie Cemetery, near Lens. He enlisted in January,
-1916, in the 106th Battalion and transferred to the 26th Battalion in
-October, 1916. He was scout officer of this Battalion when killed.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. John H. Fiendal went Overseas as a Sergeant in No. 1
-Casualty Clearing Hospital. Was given a commission and joined
-the 25th Battalion in 1916. He was killed at Vimy Ridge, April
-9, 1917.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Thomas Louis Brennan trained at Aviation School,
-Toronto, and went to England December, 1915. Completed his
-training there and went to France early in 1916. Was wounded,
-and after being discharged from hospital was employed as an
-Instructor, and returned to Canada early in 1918. Up to the time
-of his death was attached to the Aviation School in Toronto. He
-died of influenza October, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. G. H. Campbell, son of George H. Campbell, Esq., of
-Halifax, joined the 40th Battalion with the rank of Lieutenant.
-He proceeded Overseas with that Unit, and was later transferred
-to the 1st Canadian Pioneers. He was killed at Battersea Farm,
-Ypres, May 16, 1916, aged 22 years.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. F. P. H. Layton, only son of George A. Layton, Esq., of
-Truro. Born April 13, 1888. Educated at King’s College School
-and Dalhousie University. Admitted to the Bar in 1912. When
-war broke out was practising in Vancouver. He obtained a commission
-in the 40th Battalion and transferred to the 4th Canadian
-Mounted Rifles. He was killed in action July 23, 1916.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Alfred S. Churchill. Killed in action April 9, 1917, at
-Vimy Ridge, while serving with the Royal Canadian Regiment.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_426'>426</span></div>
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_426a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. ALBERT F. MAJOR.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_426b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. W. T. BECK.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_426c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. J. T. PROBERT, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_426d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. GORDON M. HEBB.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_426e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. HAROLD ARCHIBALD SMITH, M.C.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_426f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. GERALD. E. CRAGG.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_426g.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. W. S. FIELDING.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_427'>427</span>Lieut. W. T. Beck. Served in Egypt with Royal Air Force.
-Killed November 15, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Harold Archibald Smith, M.C. Born at Londonderry
-May 13, 1893. Educated at Sydney Academy and Dalhousie University.
-Graduated B.A. 1913 and went to Labrador as missionary.
-At Pine Hill College autumn of 1914. Enlisted in 6th C.M.R.
-January, 1915. Wounded at the Somme, September 15, 1916.
-After convalescence went to Bexhill and rejoined his Unit as
-Lieutenant. Awarded Military Cross August 26, 1918. Two days
-later at Monchy Heights was severely wounded. Died September
-14th at Prince of Wales Hospital, London, and buried in Brookwood
-Cemetery.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Albert F. Major, son of F. G. Major, Esq., of Halifax.
-Went Overseas with 14th Battalion of Montreal. Killed in action
-at Zillebeke Heights June 3, 1916.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Gordon M. Hebb, son of Levi Hebb, Esq., of Bridgewater,
-N.S. Killed in action near Courcellette while serving with
-78th Battalion.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. W. S. Fielding, son of George H. Fielding, Esq.,
-Stipendiary Magistrate, Halifax, N.S. Called out for service with
-his Regiment, the 66th Princess Louise Fusiliers, at the outbreak of
-war. Proceeded with a draft from that Regiment to England in
-January, 1916. He was transferred to the 7th British Columbia
-Battalion in France. He was twice wounded. Killed in action at
-Passchendaele.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. J. T. Probert, M.C. Before the War Lieut. Probert was
-an accountant in the service of the Intercolonial Railway at Halifax.
-He was attached to the Royal Canadian Regiment in France, and
-was killed in action at Cambrai, September 30, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Gerald E. Cragg, son of C. J. Cragg, Bridgewater, Nova
-Scotia. Killed in action June 3, 1916, aged 22 years, 4 months,
-near Ypres, Belgium, while serving with the 3rd Toronto Regiment.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_428'>428</span>Lieut. Jas. O’Neill Fitzgerald, M.C., enlisted in the 40th Battalion,
-was transferred to 25th Battalion in France, May, 1916, and
-served till April, 1917, when he was promoted to commissioned
-rank. He rejoined his Battalion in October, 1917, and was wounded
-at the Battle of Amiens, August 9, 1918, and awarded the Military
-Cross.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Cadet H. S. Simson enlisted in the 2nd Canadian Divisional
-Cyclist Company on April 19, 1915. He accompanied his Unit to
-France on September 15, 1915, and was wounded October 8, 1916,
-during the Somme offensive. He was awarded the Medaille
-Militaire (French) on July 6, 1917, for work on the Somme.
-Joining the Royal Air Force in July, 1918, he served until the signing
-of the Armistice.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Walter O. Barnstead joined the 6th Canadian Mounted
-Rifles at Halifax, February 11, 1915, and proceeded to France with
-his Unit in October, 1915. He was transferred to the 5th C.M.R.,
-promoted to commissioned rank in April, 1917, and served with
-his Unit until the Armistice. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre
-at Amiens, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. G. M. Drew was called out with his Regiment, the 1st
-Canadian Garrison Artillery, on August 22, 1914, and left for Valcartier
-early in September. From Valcartier he proceeded to England,
-joining the Royal Garrison Artillery. He proceeded to
-France with the 1st Siege Battery in September, 1915, and served
-with this Unit and various Trench Mortar Batteries until June,
-1916, when he was invalided to England suffering from trench
-fever. After service in England, Capt. Drew returned to France
-in May, 1917, with the 259th Siege Battery, and served in the Ypres
-Salient and Nieuport areas till the signing of the Armistice.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>The four boys mentioned above are all in the employ of the
-Furness Withy Company, Limited.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id007'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_429'>429</span>
-<img src='images/i_429.jpg' alt='LT. W. D. BARNSTEAD LT. JAS. O’NEIL FITZGERALD H. S. SIMSON CAPT. G. M. DREW' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_430'>430</span></div>
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_430a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. JAS. BLAIR.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_430b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT.-COL. CHARLES J. T. STEWART, D.S.O.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_430c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>CAPT. N. P. FREEMAN.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_430d.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. J. C. SUTHERLAND.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_430e.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. J. G. LAURIER FRASER.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_430f.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>EMILE GABOURY.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_430g.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p>LIEUT. IAN C. M‘GREGOR.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_431'>431</span>Lieut.-Col. Charles J. T. Stewart, D.S.O., was the son of the
-late Lieut.-Col. C. J. Stewart, of Halifax. He went Overseas with
-the P.P.C.L.I. Was awarded the D.S.O. and French Croix de
-Guerre. He was killed in action September 28, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. J. G. Laurier Fraser, son of the late Lieut.-Governor
-D. C. Fraser. Enlisted at Moose Jaw in the 229th Battalion and
-sailed for England in September, 1916. Transferred to the 16th
-Battalion. Killed in action March 6, 1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Jas. Blair, son of Lieut.-Col. H. C. Blair, of Truro.
-Killed in action.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. J. C. Sutherland. Killed in action.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Lieut. Ian C. McGregor. Went Overseas November, 1916.
-Trained in England with Royal Flying Corps. Went to France as
-pilot, April, 1917, attached to Squadron 56, and later transferred to
-Squadron 60. Wounded September 21, 1917, and was eight months
-in hospital in France. Died at Saranac Lake, N.Y., March 5, 1920.
-Officially credited with eleven machines.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Capt. Nelson P. Freeman, of Bridgewater, stricken with
-paralysis while on service in England, was invalided to Canada,
-and died.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<p class='c007'>Emile Gaboury, son of Dr. T. C. Gaboury, the late representative
-of the County of Pontiac, Quebec. Came to Halifax in 1911 as
-Manager of the Nova Scotia Branch of the Imperial Tobacco Company
-of Canada, Limited, and after war broke out was appointed
-French Consul. Notwithstanding his many duties, Mr. Gaboury
-took an active interest in the Victory Loan, Red Triangle, Knights
-of Columbus, and the Salvation Army. He was a particularly
-strong and active member of the Red Cross, and played a large role
-in the welcoming of returned soldiers at Pier 2. During the War
-he appealed for the Red Cross in all the theatres of Halifax as well
-as throughout the Province, and organized Red Cross branches in
-many of the smaller towns.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_432'>432</span>
-<img src='images/i_432a.jpg' alt='LT. G. J. COLWELL LT. C. H. COLWELL LT. R. J. COLWELL' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>COLWELL FAMILY.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Garnet James Colwell, Lieutenant 66th Halifax Regiment.
-Served in Canada 1915–1918. Sent Overseas May 16, 1918.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Cyril Henry Colwell, Lieutenant 63rd Halifax Regiment. Served
-in Canada 1915–1917. Sent Overseas September 5, 1917.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Ray John Colwell, Lieutenant 63rd
-Halifax Regiment. Served in Canada
-1916–1918. Sent Overseas August 3,
-1918.</p>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div  class='figleft id004'>
-<img src='images/i_432b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. MAY B. SEXTON, B.SC.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Mrs. May B. Sexton, B.Sc., Vice-President,
-Canadian Red Cross Society,
-Nova Scotia Branch. Ex-Municipal
-Regent for Halifax, I.O.D.E. Ex-Chairman
-Halifax Playgrounds Commission,
-Ex-Vice-President Local Council of
-Women.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_433'>433</span>
-  <h3 class='c012'>LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE ROYAL BANK WHO ENLISTED FROM BRANCHES IN NOVA SCOTIA.</h3>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c003'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Andrewes, F. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Annand, C. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Anthony, L. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Atkinson, C. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Aucoin, J. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Austen, G. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Banks, C. N.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Barry, J. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bezanson, G. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Blair, R. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Boudreau, L. P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bowers, C. C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Boyd, R. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Browne, A. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bryson, W. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Buckley, W. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Butler, J. K.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cain, C. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cairns, J. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cameron, J. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cameron, N. P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Campbell, J. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Campbell, J. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Campbell, R. B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Chisholm, A. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Chisholm, J. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Chapman, P. T.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cornwall, H. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cosman, E. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cotter, J. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Coumans, R. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Crowell, A. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Crowell, C. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cunningham, H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Curll, M. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Daniel, G. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Demers, J. C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>DesBrisay, A. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dexter, R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dickie, E. C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dickie, K. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dickie, L. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dickson, G. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dodge, C. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Doucette, H. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Douse, G. A. P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Durham, E. B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dustan, S. B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Embree, D. T.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ernst, W. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Farnell, A. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Flannery, C. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Flinn, G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Forsythe, J. S. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, A. Elmer.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, A. Ernest.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, A. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fraser, L. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gage, L. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gass, C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gorham, E. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Goudrey, K. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Grant, B. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Gregory, H. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Haines, R. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hains, A. P. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hall, H. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hanna, V. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Harding, C. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hatfield, A. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hawkins, G. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Henderson, H. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Herman, R. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Johnston, J. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Johnstone, G. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>King, D. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>King, J. J. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kirk, J. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kierstead, A. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Knowles, J. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kyte, S. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Kinnie, E. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Knowles, J. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Langille, L. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>LeLievre, P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lordly, E. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Longley, E. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Love, H. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDonald, D. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDougall, J. I.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacDougall R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacKenzie, W. K.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacKay, J. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>MacLean, C. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mann, C. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>March, J. E. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Matthews, C. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Melvin, W. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Merriam, S. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Merritt, F. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Milner, C. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Millett, J. N. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Moore, A. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Morrison, W. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Morrow, J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Morash, J. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mosher, A. T.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mosher, W. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Mulcahey, T. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Murray, B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McAlpine, A. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McCallum, H. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McClafferty, J. K.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McDonald, A. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McDonald, D. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McIntyre, J. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McKenzie, K.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLaren, A. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLean, M. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McLeod, H. H. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>McRobert, J. A. V.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Neville, E. V.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Newell, A. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Newell, E. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Nickerson, E. C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Noonan, P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>O’Connell, J. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>O’Keefe, T. P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>O’Toole, A. G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Page, E. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Peers, R. H. C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Peters, W. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Pickard, H. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Pitman, M. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Power, M. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Poirier, W. P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Price, E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Prince, W. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Rafuse, S. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Redding, R. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Rhind, C. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Richardson, R. B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ripley, L. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Risser, W. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Roche, G. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ross, C. S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ross, J. K.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ryan, A. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Scriven, J. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Shaw, H. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Shields, D. D.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Smith, A. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Smith, G. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Snell, L. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Spence, C. M. V.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Spence, R. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stanley, F. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sterns, H. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stephens, A. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stewart, W. I.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Strople, H. G. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stubbs, H. C.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Stewart, D. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Tanner, H. R.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Troy, L. T.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Tupper, M. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Turnbull, G. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Turnbull, G. V.</div>
-      <div class='line'>West, C. F.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Whidden, E. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Wicks, W. E.</div>
-      <div class='line'>White, G.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Wickwire, L. H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Wilmot, A. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Wallace, H.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Wilson, J. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Wilson, W. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Winters, G. W.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Withrow, C. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Zinck, A. M.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Zinck, H. A.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id005'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_434'>434</span>
-<img src='images/i_434a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MRS. G. S. CAMPBELL.<br /><br />One of Nova Scotia’s Leading Patriotic War Workers.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_434b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>MISS MARION DOULL, V.A.D., MISS MADELINE SCOTT, V.A.D., MISS EDITH PIKE, V.A.D.<br /><br />“The Three Shining Lights” of Pine Hill Military Convalescent Hospital.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_435'>435</span></div>
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_435a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>NURSING SISTER MINNIE. FOLLETTE.</span><br /><br />Drowned at sea, <em>Llandovery Castle</em>, June 27, 1918.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_435b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>NURSING SISTER PEARL FRASER.</span><br /><br />Drowned at sea, <em>Llandovery Castle</em>. June 27, 1918.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='gallery'>
-<img src='images/i_435c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<p><span class='fss'>J. G. M‘DOUGALD. M.D., C.M., F.A.C.S.</span><br /><br />Especially noted for his Surgical Work following the Great Explosion, December 6, 1917.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_435d.jpg' alt='&#39;CAPT.' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>SONS OF A. B. WISWELL, HALIFAX.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_436'>436</span></div>
-<div class='dbox'>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c005'>“Felt Dawn”</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>By Stuart McCawley</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c014'>We were sitting on the beach at Mira. Just a lovely
-Cape Breton moonlight night. The youngsters
-were singing and telling yarns. One kid recited
-McCrae’s great poem, “In Flanders Fields,” and one of
-the boys who had been “over there” asked us if we knew
-what McCrae meant when he wrote the phrase, “Felt
-Dawn.” Nobody seemed to be entirely clear on the
-question, and we asked our friend, the veteran, to describe
-it for us. Here are his words:</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>A cold, drizzly rain that is eating through your khaki
-into your very heart.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>A sea of mud—black, slimy, sticky, stinking mud.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>The duck boards floating in ooze.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Your feet wet and heavy, and your toes squichy.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Not a sound of any kind.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>The nearest human ten yards away—just around
-“the bay.”</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Darkness supreme. Not even an enemy flare.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>You strain your eyes over the parapet to the barbwire.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Your battalion’s life depends on your keeping awake.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Oh, the strain! Oh, the funk that is trying to grip
-your very soul!</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Would to God something would happen! This eternal
-watching is fearful.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Then a rustle in the grass; a wave of movement first
-like the ripple you hear when a stone is “skipped” on a
-quiet pond; then an extra chill in the air: then a glow to
-the east—’Tis Dawn.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>You let loose your “clip” and you fire like mad
-towards the Hun. Other sentries fire, and the salvo to
-dawn gets the whole line. Thousands of men all along
-the front start a strafe—a crazy, aimless strafe—which
-lasts for only minutes. Then, as if some great unseen
-General had whispered a command, men regain their
-“morale,” and the rifle fire quietens, and dies away.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>The sun struggles up.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>A bird on a shattered stump whistles, “Coo, Coo.”</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>Your blood warms again. You have “felt dawn.”
-Another day has had its birth. The rations will soon be
-up. Relief is coming. The war is still on, and the bird
-has showed you that, after all, it is better to smile than
-to worry.</p>
-
-<p class='c019'>God is still in command!</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c036' />
-<div class='footnote' id='f1'>
-<p class='c007'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. Killed in action or died of wounds.</p>
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_437'>437</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>WE OPERATE THE</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>Union Terminal Garage</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Queen St., Opposite Kent, Halifax, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c037'>Equipped with the
-most modern machinery,
-we are in a position to do all
-kinds of repair work, including
-reboring of cylinders and
-pressing on solid truck tires
-with a 200–ton hydraulic press</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>DISTRIBUTORS FOR</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>WHITE TRUCKS</div>
-      <div class='line'>OLDSMOBILE 8–CYL. CARS</div>
-      <div class='line'>OLDSMOBILE ECONOMY 3–4 TON TRUCKS</div>
-      <div class='line'>CADILLAC CARS</div>
-      <div class='line'>TROY TRAILERS</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>UNION SUPPLY CO., LIMITED</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>P.O. Box 184      Tel. Sack. 3477</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>W. McL. Robertson, Manager</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_438'>438</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<table class='table3' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Diamond</td>
-    <td class='c038' rowspan='2'><span class='xlarge'>BIRKS</span></td>
-    <td class='c029'>Goldsmiths</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Merchants</td>
-    
-    <td class='c029'>Silversmiths</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  <tr><td class='c015' colspan='3'>“HALIFAX HOUSE”</td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c039'>Fine Platinum Mounted Diamond
-Rings, Bar Pins, Necklets, Articles
-in Sterling Silver and Silver Plate,
-Cabinets, Silver Knives, Forks and
-Spoons, Cut Glass, Fine China,
-Leather Goods, Stationery, Clocks,
-Bronzes, Fine Jewellery Repairing
-and Remodelling. Watch and
-Clock Repairs.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Copper Plate, Steel Die and General Engravers</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id008'>
-<img src='images/i_438.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p><em>85th Battalion Buttons, 65c. each</em></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>IN THE NEW</div>
-    <div>BIRKS BUILDING</div>
-    <div class='c003'>493–495–497 Barrington Street</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX</div>
-    <div>NOVA SCOTIA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='box'>
-
-<p class='c040'><em>We specialize
-on Miniature
-Medals and
-Decorations of
-the Great War</em></p>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_439'>439</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>LUXURIES</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>should be paid for,
-but at the prices we
-charge for</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Men’s Wear</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>you can fit yourself out and
-be affected very little by
-Luxury Tax.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Frank Colwell, Ltd.</div>
-    <div>MEN’S WEAR</div>
-    <div class='c003'>415 BARRINGTON STREET</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Green Lantern Building.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>CAPE BRETON’S</div>
-    <div>LEADING NEWSPAPER</div>
-    <div>THE</div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Sydney Post</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Morning      Afternoon      Weekly</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c041'>The various editions of the Post
-are read by upwards of 45,000
-of the biggest wage-earners in
-Canada.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>LEASED WIRE TO MONTREAL</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Post Publishing</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Company, Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney, Nova Scotia,</div>
-    <div>CANADA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Motor Sales</span></div>
-    <div>Company, Limited</div>
-    <div class='c003'>DISTRIBUTORS OF</div>
-    <div class='c003'>STUDEBAKER</div>
-    <div>and GRANT CARS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>F. W. D., Federal</div>
-    <div>and Defiance Trucks</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX—75–77 Granville St.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>DARTMOUTH BRANCH-Portland St.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>JO-HO</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>FRUIT SYRUPS</div>
-      <div class='line in6'>LIME JUICE</div>
-      <div class='line'>EXTRACTS</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>JELLY POWDERS</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>AND</div>
-    <div class='c003'>DIAMOND FLAVORS</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>H. A. Zinck</span></div>
-    <div>Company, Limited</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dartmouth, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_440'>440</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='lg-container-l c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='xlarge'>Moirs</span></div>
-      <div class='line in2'><span class='xlarge'>Floating</span></div>
-      <div class='line in4'><span class='xlarge'>Fruits</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c042'>Sunny cubes of California
-Peaches, Pears, Maraschino
-Cherries and Prunes, coated
-with chocolate and swimming
-in nectar.</p>
-
-<p class='c043'>Just one Chocolate treat
-out of more than a hundred
-made by</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Moirs Limited,</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Halifax</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_441'>441</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>AN ENGINE</div>
-    <div class='c003'>that will give good service and has a neat appearance</div>
-    <div>is what you get when you purchase an</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Atlantic Marine Motor</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>We also manufacture a complete line of</div>
-    <div class='c003'>STOVES, RANGES, SHIP AND MILL WORK</div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>Write us for information and prices</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Lunenburg Foundry Co., Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>LUNENBURG      NOVA SCOTIA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>THE MERCHANTS BANK</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>OF CANADA</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Capital Paid Up</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$7,000,000</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c016'>Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits</td>
-    <td class='c017'>7,574,043</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Branches from the</div>
-      <div class='line'>Atlantic to the Pacific</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Halifax Office: Corner Granville and Duke Streets</div>
-    <div class='c003'>R. G. SARE, Manager</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_442'>442</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c002'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='large'>Scotia</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='large'>Frozen</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='large'>Dainties</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>The most delicious refreshment is a
-dish of Scotia Ice Cream—made in
-30 velvet smooth combinations of
-cream and fruit flavors.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>For dessert every week, for refreshment
-every day, for convalescents,
-for dances and dinners, there’s nothing
-so popular because nothing so
-pleasant as</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='large'>SCOTIA</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='large'>ICE CREAM</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Scotia Pure Milk Co.</div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>615 Barrington St., Halifax, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Sydney Foundry</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>&amp; Machine Works</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney, Cape Breton</div>
-    <div class='c002'>GENERAL</div>
-    <div>ENGINEERS</div>
-    <div>AND</div>
-    <div>CONTRACTORS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Works: Pitt and Johnstone Streets</div>
-    <div>Docks: North Esplanade</div>
-    <div class='c003'>MARINE REPAIRING</div>
-    <div>A SPECIALTY</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Oxygen-Acetylene and Electric</div>
-    <div>Cutting and Welding</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>North Sydney</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Herald</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Established 1872</div>
-    <div class='c002'>OLDEST PAPER IN</div>
-    <div>CAPE BRETON</div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>THE “OLD HOME” PAPER</em></div>
-    <div class='c002'>DAILY and WEEKLY</div>
-    <div class='c002'>The North Sydney Herald is sent</div>
-    <div>to subscribers in nearly every post</div>
-    <div>office in Cape Breton Island.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Average sworn circulation</div>
-    <div>of Weekly in 1919, 4,769</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>J. W. Cumming &amp; Son, Limited</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c002'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>COAL DRILL and</div>
-      <div class='line'>MINE CAR</div>
-      <div class='line'>MANUFACTURERS</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>New Glasgow, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_443'>443</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Mason &amp; Dean, Limited</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Wholesale Fruits, Vegetables</div>
-      <div class='line'>Tobaccos, Cigars, Confectionery</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>SYDNEY, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Cor. George and Falmouth      Box 570</div>
-      <div class='line'>Phones 749–760      Branch at Glace Bay</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Sydney Motors, Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dealers in</div>
-    <div class='c003'>FORD CARS, DODGE CARS</div>
-    <div>AND KELLY SPRINGFIELD</div>
-    <div>TRUCKS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Cor. George and Townsend Streets</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Tel. 300 SYDNEY, N.S.  P.O. Box 399</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>A. ALLEN</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Fruits, Produce,</div>
-    <div>Etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'><span class='sc'>F. A. DeYOUNG</span></span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Fruits</div>
-    <div>and Confectionery</div>
-    <div class='c003'>George Street, Sydney, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>The McDONALDS did their bit in the</div>
-    <div>war. So did</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Alex. McDonald</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>The leading Tailor of North Sydney by
-furnishing the best Clothing to the boys.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He is still on the job at the old stand in the
-McDONALD BLOCK, Corner Main St.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>NORTH SIDNEY, N.S.      Tel. 191.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>LeMOINE BROTHERS</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale and Retail Dealers in</div>
-    <div class='c003'>MEATS, FISH, GROCERIES,</div>
-    <div>PROVISIONS, and all kinds of</div>
-    <div>COUNTRY PRODUCE</div>
-    <div class='c003'>North Sydney - N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='lg-container-l c002'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>When in town make it a</div>
-      <div class='line'>point to visit</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>BALAH’S</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>VARIETY STORE</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>North Sydney - N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<p class='c037'>Compliments of</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>W. H. CUZNER</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>STRAND THEATRE</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney Minis and North Sydney</div>
-    <div>Cape Breton</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>H. G. HAGEN &amp; CO.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>PLUMBING AND</div>
-    <div>HEATING</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c002'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Accessories</div>
-      <div class='line'>Supplies</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ford Parts</div>
-      <div class='line'>Service</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>THOMAS TOOMEY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dealer in Canadian Ford Cars</div>
-    <div class='c003'>FORD SERVICE STATION</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney Mines, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_444'>444</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Dominion Iron <span class='small'>and</span> Steel Company</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='c044'>Limited</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS, SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manufacturers of</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>PIG IRON, Basic and Foundry Grades,</div>
-      <div class='line in14'>BASIC OPEN HEARTH STEEL,</div>
-      <div class='line in27'>BLOOMS, BILLETS and SLABS.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>STEEL RAILS-All sections up to and</div>
-      <div class='line in18'>including 100 lbs. per lineal yard.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>STEEL BARS, ROUNDS, FLATS, SQUARES.;</div>
-      <div class='line in16'>Reinforcement Bars, Plain or Twisted.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>WIRE RODS-All qualities, in Gauges No. 5 to 21–32″.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>WIRE-Plain, Annealed, Galvanized, Coiled Spring and</div>
-      <div class='line in4'>Barbed Fence.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>WIRE NAILS-All standard and special patterns.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>AMMONIUM SULPHATE.                    SULPHURIC ACID.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Benzol, Toluol, Solvent Naphtha. Bengas (Motor Fuel).</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>SALES OFFICES:</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney, N.S.      112 St. James Street, Montreal, P.Q.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SPECIFY DOMSTEEL PRODUCTS</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c026' />
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Dominion Coal Company</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='c044'>Limited</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>GLACE BAY, NOVA SCOTIA</div>
-    <div class='c003'>19 Collieries—Output, 5,000,000 tons annually.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“Dominion” Coal-Screened, run of mine and slack.</div>
-      <div class='line'>“Springhill” Coal-Screened, run of mine and slack.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Collieries at Glace Bay, C.B., and Springhill, N.S.</div>
-    <div>Shipping Ports-Sydney and Louisburg, C.B., and Parrsboro, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>FOR PRICES AND TERMS APPLY TO</div>
-    <div class='c003'>ALEXANDER DICK, GENERAL SALES AGENT</div>
-    <div class='c003'>112 ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>or at the offices of the Company at 171 Lower Water Street, Halifax, N.S.,
-and to the following agents: R. P. &amp; W. F. Starr, St. John, N.B.; Buntain,
-Bell &amp; Co., Charlottetown, P.E.I.; Hull, Blyth &amp; Co., 1 Lloyds Ave.,
-London, E.C.; Harvey &amp; Co., St. John’s, Nfld.</p>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_445'>445</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>McDougall &amp; Cowans</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Members Montreal Stock Exchange</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HEAD OFFICE, MONTREAL, CANADA</div>
-    <div class='c003'>BRANCH OFFICES:</div>
-    <div class='c003'>TORONTO, ONT.</div>
-    <div>34 King Street West</div>
-    <div class='c003'>ST. JOHN, N.B.</div>
-    <div>38 Prince William St.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>OTTAWA, ONT.</div>
-    <div>211 Union Bank Bldg.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>QUEBEC, QUE.</div>
-    <div>116 Mountain Hill</div>
-    <div class='c003'>WINNIPEG, MAN.</div>
-    <div>218 Portage Ave.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX, N.S.</div>
-    <div>185 Hollis St.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>H. C. COUGHTRY</div>
-    <div>Manager</div>
-    <div class='c003'>PRIVATE WIRES TO ALL OFFICES AND NEW YORK</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox'>
-
-<div  class='figleft id009'>
-<img src='images/i_445.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>Irresistible Styles in</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>READY-TO-WEAR</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>APPAREL</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Are on Display at All Seasons</div>
-    <div>in Our Extensive Ready-to-Wear</div>
-    <div>Department</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Ladies’ and Gents’ Wearing Apparel of every</div>
-    <div>description. See our stock before you buy</div>
-    <div>elsewhere</div>
-    <div class='c002'>All Mail Orders Receive Our Best Attention</div>
-    <div class='c002'>We are expert Ladies’ and Gents’ Tailors and Furriers</div>
-    <div>Electric Passenger Elevators to All Departments</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>MERCHANT’S</span></div>
-    <div>Charlotte St.</div>
-    <div>SYDNEY</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_446'>446</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>MAC’S LIMITED</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Real Estate and Insurance</div>
-    <div>Brokers</div>
-    <div>Railway and Steamship</div>
-    <div>Ticket Agents</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Possessing unexcelled facilities for</div>
-    <div>effecting all classes of Insurance</div>
-    <div>in some of the strongest British,</div>
-    <div>Canadian and American</div>
-    <div>Companies</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Commercial Street</div>
-    <div>Glace Bay, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Charlotte Street</div>
-    <div>Sydney, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>J. A. Marven</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Halifax      Moncton      St. John</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manufacturers of “WHITE LILY”</div>
-    <div>BRAND BISCUITS.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>We mention here only a few of our
-regular lines:—</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Arrowroot</div>
-      <div class='line'>Social Tea</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fig Bars</div>
-      <div class='line'>Coco Taffy</div>
-      <div class='line'>Fancy Wine</div>
-      <div class='line'>Hydrox</div>
-      <div class='line'>Assorted Sandwich</div>
-      <div class='line'>Marshmallow</div>
-      <div class='line'>Graham Wafers</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ginger Snaps</div>
-      <div class='line'>Apricot Wafers</div>
-      <div class='line'>Graham Sandwich</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Ask for and insist on</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Marven’s “White Lily” Cream Sodas</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sold in tins, boxes, packages and barrels</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NOVA SCOTIA BRANCH</div>
-    <div class='c003'>670 Barrington Street, Halifax</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Petrie Manufacturing</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Co., Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manufacturers</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Aerated Waters</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Distilled Waters</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Mineral Waters</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>SYDNEY - N.S</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Isnor Bros.</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Stores where men like to come for
-their Clothing—Why?</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>“Honest Values”</div>
-    <div>(that’s the answer)</div>
-    <div class='c003'>MAIN STORE</div>
-    <div class='c003'>69 Gottingen Street</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Agricola Street</div>
-    <div>(Cor. Bloomfield Street)</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Isnor Bros.</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_447'>447</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>This Store’s Policy</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>To represent goods exactly as to their quality;
-to sell to those who know and to those
-who don’t know values at a uniform fair
-price; to fulfill all guarantees and cheerfully
-correct all mistakes: to deserve your confidence
-by always giving you satisfaction.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>G. T. MUNN</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Jeweler and Optician</div>
-    <div class='c003'>New Waterford - N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>JOHN McCORMICK</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dealer in</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Dry Goods, Clothing, Carpets,
-Furniture, Men’s Furnishings,
-Crockery, Shoes, Groceries and
-Provisions</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>SYDNEY MINES - N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>CONTRACTORS      BUILDERS</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Chappell Bros. &amp; Co.</span></div>
-    <div>Ltd.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Brookland Street,</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>LUMBERMEN      WOODWORKERS</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>McKinnon &amp; Cameron</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Merchant Tailors</div>
-    <div class='c003'>344 Esplanade       Sydney, N.S,</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>BRENNAN &amp; CO.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>WHOLESALE AND RETAIL</div>
-    <div>MERCHANTS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Groceries, Flour, Feeds and Produce</div>
-    <div class='c003'>North Sydney - N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>R. H. McLEAN</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dealer in</div>
-    <div>Confectionery, Fruits, Tobaccos,</div>
-    <div>Cigars, Etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Photo Studio in connection. Our</div>
-    <div>enlargements are the best</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NEW WATERFORD - N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Donald J. Buckley</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>“The Druggist”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Buckley’s Busy Bend</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Prince and Charlotte Streets</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY - C.B.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Eastern Jewellery Co.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Phone 121      S. PORTE, Manager</div>
-    <div class='c003'>EVERYTHING UP TO DATE</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Green Block, Charlotte Street</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney - N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>C. &amp; G. MacLEOD</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Booksellers and Stationers</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney and Glace Bay, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Have your home wired now</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Let us do the wiring in your home, and
-you will receive the best material and
-workmanship. Call us for estimates on
-your work; telephone number is 696.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>E. D. MURPHY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Charlotte Street - Sydney</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_448'>448</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Acadia Coal Company</span></div>
-    <div>Limited</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Stellarton, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Miners and Shippers of the</div>
-    <div>Celebrated</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>ACADIA COAL</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Unexcelled for Steam Purposes</div>
-    <div>Popular for Domestic Use</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manufacturing, Steamship, and Railway</div>
-    <div>Companies give it high endorsements.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Shipments by water from Pictou Landing, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Shipments by rail, via Intercolonial Railway.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>For Prices and all Information,</div>
-    <div>address General Offices:</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>STELLARTON, N.S.</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_449'>449</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Systematic Saving Made Pleasant and</span></div>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Profitable</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>¶ Here is the plan under which many of our clients, setting aside sums as
-small as $10 monthly, have accumulated $5,000 and upwards with annual
-additions of more than $300 to their incomes.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>¶ You buy through us a security of recognized merit, yielding 6% or more
-for municipals, 7% or more for Corporation bonds.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>¶ You pay $10 a month for each $100 and are charged with 6% interest on unpaid
-balances but are credited immediately with the full interest on your investment,
-as paid.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>¶ As you proceed with your payments the difference of interest in your favor
-increases, adding to your income, and as time goes on the purchase of one
-security after another brings you nearer to independence</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Write for further details</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>J. C. MACKINTOSH &amp; CO.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Members Montreal Stock Exchange</div>
-    <div class='c003'>207 HOLLIS STREET, HALIFAX</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Thompson &amp; Sutherland Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>Dealers in</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'>SUPPLIES FOR CONTRACTORS</div>
-    <div>PLUMBERS AND PAINTERS</div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>Wholesale and Retail Stores at</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'>NORTH SYDNEY, SYDNEY MINES, GLACE BAY</div>
-    <div>NEW GLASGOW, STELLARTON</div>
-    <div>WESTVILLE, SYDNEY</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>7====STORES====7</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>The Hardware Men</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_450'>450</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>John R. Francis</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>&amp; Son</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>GENERAL HARDWARE STORE</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Dealers in</div>
-    <div class='c003'>General Shelf Hardware,</div>
-    <div>Glass, Paints and Oils,</div>
-    <div>Enameled and Tinware</div>
-    <div class='c003'>also</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Undertakers and Licensed</div>
-    <div>Embalmers</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Strict attention given</div>
-    <div>to day and night calls.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Phone connections day and night</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Main St., Sydney Mines, N.S.</div>
-    <div>P. O. Box 486</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>For the Veterans of the</div>
-    <div>Great War—in all</div>
-    <div>Branches of the</div>
-    <div>Service</div>
-    <div class='c003'>THE BEST</div>
-    <div class='c003'>is none too good, every time and all</div>
-    <div>the time</div>
-    <div class='c003'>in Halifax, for instance</div>
-    <div class='c003'>The</div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Halifax Hotel</span></div>
-    <div>Hollis Street</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Which was the “Stamping Ground”
-for H. M. Overseas Forces passing
-through Halifax.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Come in and see us again when you
-are in town.</p>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Returned Men</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>can buy their outfitting most
-advantageously at this store.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Crowell’s standard goods—complete
-from head to foot—will
-appeal to your good business
-judgment, on account of
-their reliable quality and their
-fair prices.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>We show you the way to
-better outfitting values.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>LET US SERVE YOU</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Crowell’s Ltd.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney, C. B.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>If you Shop at</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>McArels</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>you’ll get value for your money</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Stylish Dress Goods and
-Silks, Dress Trimmings,
-Gloves, Hosiery, House
-Furnishings and Furniture,
-Men’s and Boys’ Furnishings,
-Good Footwear. We
-carry an up-to-date stock to
-fit all. Choice Groceries.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>All at lowest prices</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>McArel Bros.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Glace Bay, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_451'>451</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Francis Book Store</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Newspapers, Magazines and Latest
-Books, School Supplies—Wall
-Papers, Etc. Stationery—the very
-best</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>W. J. Francis</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY MINES, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>When in North Sydney do not forget to</div>
-    <div>visit</div>
-    <div class='c003'>THE TOGGERY</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>H. E. WHITMAN</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>“<em>The House of Quality</em>”</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Drawer 814      Tel. 193</div>
-    <div class='c003'>The</div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Home Bottling Company Ltd.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manufacturers of</div>
-    <div>High Grade Aerated</div>
-    <div>Waters</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Dealers</div>
-    <div>in Cigarettes,</div>
-    <div>Cigars, etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>The up-to-date Bottling Plant of Eastern</div>
-    <div>Nova Scotia</div>
-    <div class='c003'>D. R. Mancini, President</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Main St. - - North Sydney, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>R. H. DAVIS &amp; CO., LTD.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Wholesale and Manufacturing Stationers
-Branch Warehouse and Office, 542 George
-St., Sydney, N.S. Head Office and Plant,
-Yarmouth, N. S.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Scholars, ask your retailers for Davis’ 10c.
-series of Exercise Books and Davis’ Writing
-Tablets. The best values on the market;
-made in Nova Scotia from “Made in
-Canada” raw material.</p>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>McKenzie &amp; Company</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Norman McKenzie, Manager</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Heavy and Shelf Hardware, Stoves,</div>
-    <div>Ranges, Kitchen Furnishings,</div>
-    <div>Plumbing and Repairs</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Masonic Block—Commercial Street</div>
-    <div>P.O. Box 784 - Telephone 167</div>
-    <div class='c003'>GLACE BAY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>HOUSE OF QUALITY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>J. M. MacLEAN, Prop.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>High Class Tailors</div>
-    <div>Gent’s Furnishings</div>
-    <div>Boots and Shoes</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NEW WATERFORD, C.B.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Manchester Meat Market</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Harry Samuels, Prop.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SAUSAGE MAKERS</div>
-    <div>- BACON CURERS -</div>
-    <div>PROVISION DEALERS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Main Street - Glace Bay, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>“In the Health of the People</div>
-    <div>Lies the Wealth of the Nation”</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Angus A. Macdonald</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>DRUGGIST</div>
-    <div class='c003'>“The Medical Hall”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NEW WATERFORD, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>THOS. L. BOLDON</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>JEWELER      DR. OF OPTICS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Remember we specialize in</div>
-    <div>Complicated Prescriptions</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Plummer Avenue</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NEW WATERFORD</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>SYDNEY MILLING COMPANY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Limited</div>
-    <div class='c003'>J. W. Smith,</div>
-    <div>President</div>
-    <div class='c003'>A. J. Morrison,</div>
-    <div>Secretary</div>
-    <div class='c003'>MILLERS and MILLERS’ AGENTS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Flour, Feeds, Oats, Etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Phone 18      SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>CANADA FOOD BOARD.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>License Nos. 12–79, 6–797, 9–8829</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_452'>452</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>C. E. Choat &amp; Co.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>GROCERY BROKERS</em></div>
-    <div class='c002'>CONFECTIONERY A SPECIALTY</div>
-    <div class='c002'><em>Agents for</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Sussex Dry Ginger Ale</div>
-      <div class='line'>Weston’s Biscuits</div>
-      <div class='line'>Pascall’s English Sweets</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Pickford and Black’s Wharf</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_453'>453</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>C. W. ENGINEERING CO.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>We specialize on Commercial Fireproof</em></div>
-    <div><em>Structures, Design and Construction</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Also Reinforced Concrete Bridges</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>The present high prices on lumber and allied products
-have created conditions under which a fireproof building
-will cost no more and in certain instances less than a
-so-called brick or concrete building.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>CONSULTATION IS FREE</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>Room 1—Post Building</em></div>
-    <div class='c003'><em>Telephone 761       SYDNEY, N.S.</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='large'>LUMBER OF ALL KINDS</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>Brookfield Bros.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Halifax, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>BUILDING MATERIAL OF ALL KINDS</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_454'>454</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Willis Pianos</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line in14'>{ TONE</div>
-      <div class='line'>Prefect as to { TOUCH</div>
-      <div class='line in14'>{ DURABILITY</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>An instrument with these
-essential qualities that distinguish
-it as an ideal piano
-for the home.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Prices as low as consistent with
-quality—Convenient terms.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Willis Piano &amp; Organ</span></div>
-    <div>Company</div>
-    <div class='c003'>50 Granville Street</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Halifax, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c002'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>P. O. Box 690      Telephones 233</div>
-      <div class='line in30'>234</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>We always carry
-complete stocks for
-General Groceries,
-Flour and Feeds.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>We Specialize in
-Drug Sundries and
-Stationery.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Cape Breton Wholesale</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Grocery Co. Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Cornet George, Townsend</div>
-    <div>and Bentinck Streets</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY, N.B.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>J. C. Larder</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>WHOLESALE FRUITS</div>
-    <div class='c002'>SYDNEY - NOVA SCOTIA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Hillis and Sons</span></div>
-    <div>Limited</div>
-    <div class='c002'>STOVES</div>
-    <div>AND</div>
-    <div>RANGES</div>
-    <div class='c002'>HALIFAX</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_455'>455</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Ashby Corner Grocer.      Phone 81</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>JAMES A. CLARK</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Groceries, Provisions, Fruits</div>
-    <div>Confectionery, Crockery and</div>
-    <div>Tinware, Bakery.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>GEO. E. BOAK &amp; SON</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale and Retail</div>
-    <div>Coal Dealers</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX - - N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>F. W. BISHOP &amp; CO.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Exclusively</div>
-    <div>Fine Shoes</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY &amp; GLACE BAY</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NOVA SCOTIA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>C. P. MOORE</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>:::: HARDWARE ::::</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Paints and Glass</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Automobile Supplies</div>
-    <div class='c003'>:::: o o ::::</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY      Nova Scotia</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>WRIGHT’S LIMITED</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>HOME FURNISHERS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Importers of</div>
-    <div class='c003'>FURNITURE</div>
-    <div>and CARPETS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Warerooms: CHARLOTTE STREET</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY - Nova Scotia</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<p class='c037'>The Cape Breton boys, who beat
-the “Bosche” now wear</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Fashion Craft</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>CORBETT &amp; MACKENZIE CO.</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Opposite Y. M. C. A.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY      -      -      N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>ANDREW H. RUDOLF</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dry Goods, Millinery,</div>
-    <div>Ladies Ready-to-Wear,</div>
-    <div>Garments, Carpets, Etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>LUNENBURG    - - -    N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Hudson &amp; McEachen</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>“The Big Store with the Small Prices”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Groceries, Meats, Provisions</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c030'>SPECIALTIES—Fresh and Salt Fish,
-Butter, Eggs. Etc.</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>GASOLINE TANK—Capacity 500 gallons.
-Get your Supply from us.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>TELEPHONE 350</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Corner Victoria Road and Prince Street.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Compliments of</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>A. H. MUNN</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>JEWELER and SILVERSMITH</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Repairing of Fine</div>
-    <div>Watches a Specialty</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Bishop Block, Charlotte St.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY. N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c006'>Our Part is the Great Work of helping
-to supply the demand for Chinaware,
-Glassware, Earthenware, Enamelware,
-Tinware and Aluminum-ware, and Toys
-and Fancy Goods</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>We can meet your requirements.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Our Stock is complete and prices will
-stand comparison</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>EVANS &amp; YOUNG</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>83 Gottingen St.      Phone Lorne 221</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_456'>456</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>Cable Address:</div>
-    <div>Halship</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Direct Telegraphic Communication:</div>
-    <div>Western Union and Great North Western</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>HALIFAX SHIPYARDS LIMITED</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX - CANADA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_456.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>SHIPBUILDERS, ENGINEERS AND</div>
-    <div>SHIP REPAIRERS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Builders of Passenger and Cargo Vessels up to 15,000 tons.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Drydock—Halifax, N.S.              Marine Slips—Dartmouth N.S.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dimensions—550 ft. long.</div>
-      <div class='line in12'>100 ft. wide            4 Cradles—Capacity up to 3,000</div>
-      <div class='line in13'>30 ft. depth on sill.             tons.</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>NOTE-Four ships are now on the way being built for the Canadian</div>
-      <div class='line in1'>Merchant Marine.—2 of 8,100 tons D.W. and</div>
-      <div class='line in19'>2 of 10,500       „</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>30 per cent. of the men now employed on new ship construction have served their
-country during the late war. These men are now assisting in rounding out
-Canada’s National Policy, by building ships which will carry Canadian
-exports to all parts of the world.</p>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_457'>457</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Cable Address: “NATFISH”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>License No. 1–036</div>
-    <div class='c003'>ARTHUR BOUTILIER</div>
-    <div class='c003'>President and General Manager</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>National Fish Co.</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Fish</div>
-    <div>Merchants</div>
-    <div class='c003'>P. O. BOX 1104</div>
-    <div>HALIFAX - N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Owners of the Steam Trawlers</div>
-    <div>“Lemberg” and “Venosta”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Branch at</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Port Hawkesbury      -      N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Established 1863      Incorporated 1901</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Christie Trunk &amp; Bag</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Co., Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manufacturers of</div>
-    <div class='c003'>TRUNKS, TRAVELLING</div>
-    <div>BAGS AND SUIT CASES</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sample Trunks and Cases</div>
-    <div>a Specialty</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Amherst, N.S.      Canada</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>The</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>FRANK A. GILLIS</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Company, Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Contractors’ Supplies of</div>
-    <div>All Descriptions</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Fireproof Materials</div>
-    <div>a Specialty</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Office:</div>
-    <div class='c003'>PICKFORD and</div>
-    <div>BLACK’S WHARF</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX      -      N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>SCRIVEN’S</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>BREAD</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/i_457.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>IT IS THE</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>BEST</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_458'>458</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>MILES’</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Sydney’s Leading Grocery</div>
-    <div class='c003'>The largest variety at right prices</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Fresh fruits and vegetables a specialty</div>
-    <div class='c003'>251 Charlotte Street</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Phones 90 and 91</div>
-    <div class='c003'>FREE, PROMPT DELIVERY</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>The Eternal Question</div>
-    <div class='c003'>?</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>It will be simple work to choose an
-exquisite Engagement Ring for the best
-girl in the world if you look over Ross’s
-line. Show your good taste in ring as
-well as girl. Please her.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>A. M. ROSS</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Jeweller, etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>ROSS &amp; McVICAR</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Dealers in</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Flour and Feed, etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Corner Townsend and</div>
-    <div>Douglas Streets</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>City Meat Market</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dorchester Street</div>
-    <div>SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dealers in all kinds of</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Fresh and Cured Meats, Poultry</div>
-    <div>in season; also, a full line</div>
-    <div>of Vegetables</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Opp. Post Office.      B. W. Pearce, Mgr.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Glace Bay Cycle &amp;</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Motor Co., Ltd.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Ford Dealers and Service Station</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Garage Sales Rooms and Workshops</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Main Street</div>
-    <div class='c003'>GLACE BAY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>G. A. Coleman, D.V.S.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>(Graduate Toronto University)</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Veterinary Surgeon</div>
-    <div class='c003'>North Sydney</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Nova Scotia</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>The Store That Treats</div>
-    <div>You Right</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>FADER’S MARKET</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Choice Groceries, Fruits and Produce</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Beef, Lamb, Pork, Veal, Game and Poultry</div>
-    <div class='c003'>112 Gottingen Street, HALIFAX</div>
-    <div class='c003'>George W . Fader, Manager</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Lorne 994</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>RICE’S</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>The Exclusive Ladies’ and</div>
-    <div>Children’s Wear Store</div>
-    <div class='c003'>“When in doubt buy at Rice’s”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Commercial Street</div>
-    <div>NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>When in Sydney</div>
-    <div>Buy Your Drugs</div>
-    <div>from</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>MANSON</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>“The Reliable</div>
-    <div>Druggist”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>“If you get it at Manson’s it’s good”</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>FRIED BROS.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Commission Merchants</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Real Estate</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Scrap Metals, etc.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>P.O. Box 45      Phone 102–2</div>
-    <div class='c003'>GLACE BAY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_459'>459</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>WHITE STAR</span></div>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>DOMINION LINE</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Regular Sailings HALIFAX-LIVERPOOL in Winter</div>
-      <div class='line in17'>MONTREAL-QUEBEC-LIVERPOOL in Summer</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_459.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c030'>Ex-members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force will
-find the steamers of this Line old friends</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>For sailing dates and rates apply</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>A. G. JONES AND CO.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>General Agents for Nova Scotia and P.E.I.</div>
-    <div>or to Local Agents</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_460'>460</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>P.O. Box 119      Phone 1418</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>General Engineers and Contractors</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>KING’S ROAD, SYDNEY, CAPE BRETON</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c030'>STRUCTURAL STEEL—Bridges, Frames and Fire Escapes,
-Fabricated and Erected</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>BOILER REPAIRS—Patching, Re-tubing and General Repairs
-by Expert Men</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>EXCAVATION (By Steam Shovel) Cellar, Sewer and Water
-Trench Excavating</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>PUMPING—Centrifugal Pump for Cellar, Trench and Ship Work</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>MARINE WORK—Floating Plant, Electric and Oxy-Acetylene
-Welding and Cutting, Re-tubing, Pumping, and General Repairs</p>
-
-<p class='c030'>SHOP WORK—Machine Work, Forging and General Repairs</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>We are situated with ideal transportation arrangements, having side
-tracks and water shipping points. Good attention on outside jobs.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>“The Rotary High Speed Steam Engine”</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>BURNS CRUDE OIL, KEROSENE</div>
-    <div class='c003'>USED IN</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Automobiles, Auto</div>
-    <div>Trucks, Factories      and Machine Shops</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Steamers, Motor Boats</div>
-    <div>and Machine Shops</div>
-    <div class='c003'>“SIMPLICITY IS ITS GREATEST FEATURE”</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Canada’s Sole Manufacturers      Send for Booklet</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox'>
-
-<p class='c045'><span class='xlarge'>ASK THE MEN</span>
-who wore “Kelly-Halifax”
-made Leggings, S. B. Belts,
-Kit Bags, Purses, Money Belts, or other Military Equipment, or who
-travelled with “Kelly” Luggage, and you’ll understand why “Kelly-Halifax”
-on Leather Goods is all the guarantee required by those who know</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>PRICES ARE MODERATE</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>KELLYS LIMITED</span>, 116–118 Granville Street, <span class='large'>HALIFAX</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>MANUFACTURERS</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_461'>461</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>CAPE BRETON’S LARGEST</div>
-    <div>DEPARTMENTAL STORE</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Vooght Brothers</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>North Sydney</div>
-    <div>Nova Scotia</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>IMPORTERS and EXPORTERS</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Daily importations from Europe
-of Dress Goods, Tapestries
-and Ladies’ Wear.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>BOOT DEPARTMENT</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Contains the largest assortment of
-High Class Footwear and at most
-reasonable prices.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>GROCERY DEPARTMENT</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Carries a full and complete range
-of the best that money can buy—efficiency
-being our watchword.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Vooght Brothers</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>North Sydney’s Old Business Establishment</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>THE</div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Queen</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Hotel</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>WM. MOMBOURQUETTE</div>
-    <div>Manager</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>A Modern Hotel operated
-for your comfort
-and safety and favorably
-located in the heart of
-interesting things—shops,
-parks, theatres, churches,
-forts, navy yard and
-historical points.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Accommodation for 300</div>
-    <div>Guests</div>
-    <div class='c003'>AMERICAN PLAN</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_461a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic001'>
-<p>Tom McCartney      <em>Billiards and Pool</em></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/i_461b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>WELL SET UP</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>are the men whose clothes we tailor. The fit of
-the shoulders is one of the strong points of our
-tailoring. Our work attracts attention for the
-elegant lines we give to this part of the Garment.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>tailor made and ready made garments is one of cut
-and finish. Not stock patterns, but individual
-lines are used and the garment fits the wearer
-and not clothiers’ models.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>J. L. MacKINNON,</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>FOWNES BLOCK, MAIN STREET,</div>
-    <div>SYDNEY MINES, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_462'>462</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Established 1889      Phone 81</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>SYDNEY MINES</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>BOTTLING WORKS</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>A. R. MacDOUGALL, Prop.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Manufacturers and Bottlers of</div>
-    <div class='c003'>The Celebrated Red Seal Brand</div>
-    <div>Aerated Waters</div>
-    <div class='c003'>P.O. Box 149      Factory—Clyde Ave.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY MINES, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<p class='c046'>E. G. HIGGINSON, Prop.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'><span class='under'>LEARMENT HOTEL</span></span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>OPPOSITE C.N.R. STATION</div>
-    <div class='c003'>TRURO      -      NOVA SCOTIA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>THE MAYFLOWER</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>BOTTLING CO.</span></div>
-    <div>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manufacturers of the Finest Class of</div>
-    <div>AERATED BEVERAGES</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY      -      -      N. S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Telephone 399</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c002'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Telephone</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lorne 40</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Estimates</div>
-      <div class='line'>Furnished</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>W. F. SPRUIN</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>ELECTRICIAN</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Cor. Cornwallis and Gottingen Sts.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>HALIFAX, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Wood &amp; McConnell</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>LIMITED</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Grocers</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Telephone 541      P.O. Box 159</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>Go to</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>ISAAC GREENWELL</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>For STOVES, RANGES,</div>
-    <div>REPAIRS FOR SAME AND</div>
-    <div>KITCHEN FURNISHINGS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>329 Charlotte Street, Sydney, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<p class='c046'>The old reliable SINGER stands the
-test as our Veteran Boys stood the
-test in France. When buying a Sewing
-Machine get the SINGER and
-you will not be disappointed. Sold
-on easy terms. Big discounts for
-Cash.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Singer Sewing Machine Co.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>346 Charlotte St.      SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>John B. Morrison</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>FASHIONABLE TAILOR</div>
-    <div class='c003'>403 Charlotte Street</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY. N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>For Satisfaction in</div>
-    <div>Men’s and Boys’ Outfitting try</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/i_462.jpg' alt='_Fanjoy’s_ GOOD CLOTHING' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>338–340 Charlotte St.      SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<p class='c046'>Royal Household (Spring Wheat) Flour.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Canada’s Best (blended) Flour.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>All lines Cereals, Feeds. Grains.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Lipton’s Teas, Coffee, Cocoa, Jelly
-Powders, etc.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>WHOLESALE ONLY</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Ingraham Supply Co., Ltd.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_463'>463</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<p class='c046'><span class='large'>IF</span>
-you had a building which
-brought in to you $5,000 a
-year, would you have it
-sufficiently insured?</p>
-
-<p class='c007'><span class='large'>YOU</span>
-are a valuable
-property, producing
-thousands of
-dollars a year and that revenue
-will cease at your death.
-Are you sufficiently insured<span class='c047'>?</span></p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><em>How long should a man support his wife?</em></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Some men say “As long as he lives.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Most men will say “As long as
-she lives.”</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>That support can be made
-sure by Income Policies
-of the Mutual Life.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>J. LESLIE McDUFF</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Manager for Nova Scotia</div>
-    <div class='c003'>191 HOLLIS ST., HALIFAX, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>KIRK &amp; TOREY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>A good place to buy</div>
-    <div class='c003'>LADIES’ SUITS, COATS</div>
-    <div>FURS, WAISTS and WATERPROOF</div>
-    <div>COATS</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>KIRK &amp; TOREY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>No better Shop to buy</div>
-    <div class='c003'>VOILES, PLAIN and FANCY,</div>
-    <div>GEORGETTE CREPE and</div>
-    <div>CREPE DE CHENE, GLOVES,</div>
-    <div>HOSIERY, CORSETS,</div>
-    <div>DRESS GOODS, SILKS,</div>
-    <div>LINENS and COTTONS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Everything required from an up-to-date</div>
-    <div>Dry Goods House.</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>KIRK &amp; TOREY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>27 Men Enlisted</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>2 Paid the Supreme</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Sacrifice</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='box'>
-
-<p class='c007'>Let us who remain perpetuate
-their memory, not
-by blare of horns and roll
-of drums, but by such
-service to our fellow men
-that such a catastrophe
-cannot again occur.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Cape Breton Electric</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Company Limited</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Your Meals</span></div>
-    <div>AND</div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Lunches</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>ICE CREAMS and</div>
-    <div>DRINKS</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>are prepared and served
-with utmost care.</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>Everybody visits “The
-Green Lantern” when
-visiting Halifax.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>The Green Lantern</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>“EVERYTHING THE BEST”</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_464'>464</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>JOHN J. GRANT</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Building Material</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Opposite C.N.R. Depot</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NEW GLASGOW. N.S.      Tel. 170</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>THE HOUSE OF QUALITY</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>F. C. Bezanson &amp; Co.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>DIAMOND MERCHANTS</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Jewellers and Opticians</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY      -      -      N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>All our drinks are made from pure</div>
-    <div>cane sugar and the best extracts</div>
-    <div>that money can buy.</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>McAllister’s</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Mineral Water Works</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY      -      C.B.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>The Enormous Price of Clothes</div>
-    <div class='c003'>That is the question answered by</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>THE ENGLISH &amp; SCOTCH</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>WOOLLEN COMPANY</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>who are making suits and overcoats to</div>
-    <div>measure, prices ranging from $17 to $45.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>GRANITE BLOCK</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Charlotte St., Sydney, Nova Scotia</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>The firm of</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>FRASER &amp; HOYT</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Maritime Building, New Glasgow, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>do a live and up-to-date Real Estate
-business. If you contemplate purchasing
-a farm, business site or private
-dwelling house in Nova Scotia’s industrial
-centre get in touch with this firm
-and be assured of prompt and courteous
-treatment.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<p class='c046'>BEING VETERANS OURSELVES
-we pay particular attention to the requirements
-of RETURNED MEN.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>INGRAHAMS</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Men’s Outfitters</div>
-    <div class='c003'>NORTH SYDNEY      -      N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>John Midgley &amp; Co.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Real Estate of all Classes</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Life and Fire Insurance</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY      -      N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>Colin McNab &amp; Co.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Dealers In Groceries and Fruit</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Everything stored and handled by sanitary</div>
-    <div>methods</div>
-    <div class='c003'>We give High Quality, Low Prices,</div>
-    <div>Prompt Delivery.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>We solicit your orders. Phone Harbour 41</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Portland Street, Dartmouth</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>The Beautiful Bras</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>d’Or Lakes</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>Who has not heard of the
-most picturesque beauty
-spot in all America the
-famous Lakes of Bras d’Or?</p>
-
-<p class='c007'>The Bras d’Or Steamboat Co. run
-from North Sydney, Nova Scotia,
-a palatial steamer, the “Marion,”
-touching at intermediate points,
-with Dudley Warner’s historical
-Baddeck the terminal point, close
-by Graham Bell’s laboratory.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>WHETHER ABSENT IN FARAWAY LANDS</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>or silent in death’s embrace, or enjoying
-health in the happy family circle.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>A PICTURE OF HIM OR HER</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>is always a sweet solace to someone, be it
-parent, wife, son or daughter or sweetheart</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>W. J. DOOLEY,</span></div>
-    <div>is NORTH SYDNEY’S (N.S.)</div>
-    <div>PREMIER PICTURE FRAMER</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_465'>465</span></div>
-<div class='dbox section'>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_465.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Robb Engineering Works, Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>AMHERST, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Manufacturers of</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>HIGH GRADE ENGINE BOILERS, SAW MILL</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>MACHINERY AND TRACTORS</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_466'>466</span></div>
-<div class='dbox adleft section'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>MACKAY ELECTRIC CO.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>ESTABLISHED 1901</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY - N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>We carry a full line of Electrical
-Supplies and shall be glad to quote
-on electric work of any kind in
-Cape Breton or Nova Scotia.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>OAK HALL, LIMITED</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>The House of Good Clothing</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Headquarters for high-grade Clothing and</div>
-    <div>Furnishings for Men and Boys.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-r'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>SYDNEY</div>
-      <div class='line in2'>G. M. BOYD, Manager</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>The Sydney Record</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>carries daily all the world news
-in addition to all the Cape Breton
-news besides several feature pages
-not published in any other paper.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Write us for Sample Copy</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Record Publishing Co., Limited</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Box 360      Sydney, C. B.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<p class='c046'>Phone L. 1506</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>F. W. Maling</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Electrical Contractor</div>
-    <div class='c003'>180 Gottingen St., Halifax, N.S.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wiring and Supplies, Motor and</div>
-    <div>Generator Repairs a Specialty</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>FRANK A. BILL &amp; SON</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>HARDWARE</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Paints, Oils and Varnishes, Sporting</div>
-    <div>Goods, Electrical Supplies and Flashlights.</div>
-    <div>Automobile and Bicycle Tires.</div>
-    <div class='c003'>North Sydney, N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div>The Store Where Quality</div>
-    <div>Proves Itself</div>
-    <div class='c003'><span class='large'>Sydney Mines Drug Store</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>“Rexall” Store</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY MINES      -      N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div class='clear'>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>H. C. Ballum &amp; Co.</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Wholesale Produce</div>
-    <div>and</div>
-    <div>Commission Merchants</div>
-    <div class='c003'>SYDNEY, N.S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adright'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>BRITON HOTEL</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>ARCHIBALD AVE., NORTH SYDNEY</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c007'>The most up-to-date hotel in North Sydney.
-Open all day and all night. A first-class
-grill service in connection. The rooms are
-the best in Cape Breton and all newly furnished
-and renovated. Meals served at any
-hour of the day or night. Afternoon tea and
-cake can be had every afternoon in the tea
-room. Hotel is very centrally located and
-has every home comfort for the tourist and
-traveller. V. E. SNOWDON, Proprietor.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='dbox adleft'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>L. Nicholson Limited</span></div>
-    <div class='c003'>Ladies’ and Men’s Tailoring</div>
-    <div class='c003'>Men’s Furnishings and</div>
-    <div>Ready-to-Wear Clothing</div>
-    <div class='c003'>GLACE BAY      -      N. S.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-</div>
-<div class='tnotes'>
-
-<div class='section ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
- <ol class='ol_1 c002'>
-    <li>Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
-    </li>
-    <li>Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
-    </li>
-    <li>The footnote was moved to the end of the last chapter.
-    </li>
-    <li>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.
-    </li>
-  </ol>
-</div>
-
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<p>&nbsp;</p>
-<hr class="pgx" />
-<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOVA SCOTIA'S PART IN THE GREAT WAR***</p>
-<p>******* This file should be named 64101-h.htm or 64101-h.zip *******</p>
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