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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #63659 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63659)
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-Project Gutenberg's The Roswell Report: Case Closed, by James McAndrew
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: The Roswell Report: Case Closed
-
-Author: James McAndrew
-
-Release Date: November 7, 2020 [EBook #63659]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ROSWELL REPORT: CASE CLOSED ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Tim Lindell, Robert Tonsing and the Online
-Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
-The Cover
-
-A solarized image taken from a U.S. Air Force motion picture of
-experiments conducted for Project HIGH DIVE. This image,
-unsolarized, appears on page 34 (Figure 37).
-
-
-
-
-                          The Roswell Report
-                              CASE CLOSED
-
-                 Headquarters United States Air Force
-
-
-
-
-  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
-
-  McAndrew, James, 1963—
-  The Roswell report: case closed/James McAndrew
-  p. cm.
-  Includes index.
-  1. Unidentified flying objects—Sightings and encounters—New
-  Mexico—Roswell. I. Title
-  TL789.5.N6M33 1997
-  001.942’09789’43—dc21        97-11361
-                                   CIP
-
-  For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
-                            Washington, D.C. 20402
-
-            For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
-Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
-                          ISBN 0-16-049018-9
-
-
-
-
-                               Foreword
-
-
-The “Roswell Incident” has assumed a central place in American folklore
-since the events of the 1940s in a remote area of New Mexico. Because
-the Air Force was a major player in those events, we have played a key
-role in executing the General Accounting Office’s tasking to uncover
-all records regarding that incident.
-
-Our objective throughout this inquiry has been simple and consistent:
-to find all the facts and bring them to light. If documents were
-classified, declassify them; where they were dispersed, bring them into
-a single source for public review.
-
-In July 1994, we completed the first step in that effort and later
-published _The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico
-Desert_. This volume represents the necessary follow-on to that first
-publication and contains additional material and analysis. I think that
-with this publication we have reached our goal of a complete and open
-explanation of the events that occurred in the Southwest many years ago.
-
-Beyond that achievement, this inquiry has shed fascinating light into
-the Air Force of that era and revitalized our appreciation for the
-dedication and accomplishments of the men and women of that time. As we
-celebrate the Air Force’s 50th Anniversary, it is appropriate to once
-again reflect on the sacrifices made by so many to make ours the finest
-air and space force in history.
-
-                                        SHEILA E. WIDNALL
-                                        Secretary of the Air Force
-
-
-
-
-                           Guide For Readers
-
-
-This publication contains the complete report as submitted to the
-Secretary of the Air Force. The exceptions are the statements found
-in Appendix B. Due to Privacy Act restrictions and by request, the
-addresses of the individuals making these statements have been deleted.
-
-This volume is divided into two sections, eight subsections, eleven
-sidebar discussions, and three appendices. Section One examines alleged
-events at two locations in rural New Mexico. Section Two examines the
-alleged activities at the Roswell Army Airfield Hospital.
-
-Appendix A is a table listing the launch and landing locations of test
-equipment for U.S. Air Force scientific research projects HIGH DIVE and
-EXCELSIOR. Appendix B is a collection of signed sworn statements based
-on in-person interviews conducted for this report by U.S. Air Force
-researchers. The exception is the statement of Lt. Col. William C.
-Kaufman, which was not sworn due to equipment failures at the time of
-interview.
-
-Appendix C contains transcripts of interviews of alleged witnesses
-presented by UFO theorists. The interviews of Gerald Anderson, Alice
-Knight, and Vern Maltais were excerpted in their entirety from unedited
-interviews used to prepare the video, _Recollections of Roswell, Part
-II_ (1993), and appear courtesy of the Fund for UFO Research. The
-interview of Mr. W. Glenn Dennis was provided by the interviewer, Karl
-T. Pflock. The transcript of the interview of Mr. James Ragsdale was
-provided by Kevin Randle, the coauthor of the _Truth About the UFO
-Crash at Roswell_ (Avon Books, 1994), in which direct quotes from this
-transcript appear.
-
-A selected bibliography of technical reports and how to obtain them
-are found on page 221. For additional information on this subject, see
-Headquarters United States Air Force, _The Roswell Report: Fact vs.
-Fiction in the New Mexico Desert_ (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government
-Printing Office, 1995).
-
-
-
-
-                              The Author
-
-
-Captain James McAndrew serves as an Intelligence Applications Officer
-assigned to the Secretary of the Air Force Declassification and
-Review Team, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C.. Captain McAndrew was the
-coauthor, with Col. Richard L. Weaver, of _The Roswell Report: Fact vs.
-Fiction in the New Mexico Desert_ (1995), the first Air Force work on
-the alleged “Roswell Incident.” He participated in the declassification
-of the _Gulf War Air Power Survey_ (1993) and has served special tours
-of duty with the Drug Enforcement Administration and High Intensity
-Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) Task Force. He holds a BS degree with
-honors, from Metropolitan State College, Denver, Colo. and is a native
-of Washington, D.C.
-
-
-
-
-                               Contents
-
-
-                                                                  _Page_
-
-  =Foreword=                                                         iii
-
-  =Guide for Readers=                                                  v
-
-  =Introduction=                                                       1
-
-
-  SECTION ONE
-  =Flying Saucer Crashes
-  and Alien Bodies=                                                    5
-
-  1.1 The “Crash Sites,” Scenarios, and Research Methods              11
-
-  1.2 High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops                               23
-
-  1.3 High Altitude Balloon Operations                                37
-
-  1.4 Comparison of Witnesses Accounts to U.S. Air Force Activities   55
-
-
-  SECTION TWO
-  =Reports of Bodies at Roswell
-  Army Air Field Hospital=                                            75
-
-  2.1 The “Missing” Nurse and the Pediatrician                        81
-
-  2.2 Aircraft Accidents                                              93
-
-  2.3 High Altitude Research Projects                                101
-
-  2.4 Comparison of the Hospital Account to the Balloon Mishap       109
-
-
-  =Conclusion=                                                       123
-
-
-  Notes
-
-  Section One                                                        127
-
-  Section Two                                                        139
-
-  APPENDIX A
-  =Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch
-  and Landing Locations=                                             155
-
-
-  APPENDIX B
-  =Witness Statements=
-
-  Charles E. Clouthier                                               160
-
-  Charles A. Coltman, Jr., Col., USAF, MC (Ret)                      162
-
-  Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF (Ret)                                   164
-
-  Bernard D. Gildenberg, GS-14 (Ret)                                 166
-
-  Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF (Ret)                                    169
-
-  William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret)                           171
-
-  Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF (Ret)                         174
-
-  Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF (Ret)                                 178
-
-  Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col. USAF (Ret)                             180
-
-  Frank B. Nordstrom, M.D.                                           182
-
-
-  APPENDIX C
-  =Interviews=
-
-  Gerald Anderson                                                    187
-
-  Glenn Dennis                                                       197
-
-  Alice Knight                                                       213
-
-  Vern Maltais                                                       214
-
-  James Ragsdale                                                     215
-
-
-  =Selected Bibliography of
-  Technical Reports=                                                 221
-
-
-  =Index=                                                            225
-
-
-  Tables
-
-  SECTION ONE
-  1.1 Comparison of Testimony to Actual Air Force Equipment
-      and Procedures Used to Launch and Recover
-      Anthropomorphic Dummies                                         69
-
-  SECTION TWO
-  2.1 Persons Described and Periods of Service at
-      Roswell AAF/Walker AFB                                          91
-
-  2.2 Fatal Air Force Aircraft Accidents by Year
-      in the Vicinity of Walker AFB-1947–1960                         93
-
-  2.3 Analysis of Air Force Aircraft Accidents
-      by Year in the Vicinity of Walker AFB-1947–1960                 94
-
-
-  Figures
-
-  SECTION ONE
-
-   1. _The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction In The New Mexico Desert._
-
-   2. The International UFO Museum and Research Center, Roswell, N.M.
-
-   3. Drawing of Project MOGUL Balloon Train.
-
-   4. Maj. Jesse Marcel With “Flying Disc” Debris.
-
-   5. ML-307B/AP Radar Target on Ground.
-
-   6. ML-307B/AP Radar Target in Flight.
-
-   7. “Harassed Rancher Who Located ‘Saucer’ Sorry He Told About It,”
-      _Roswell Daily Record_, July 9, 1947.
-
-   8. Announcement from November 4, 1992 _Socorro_ (N.M.) _Defensor
-      Chieftain_.
-
-   9. B.D. “Duke” Gildenberg.
-
-  10. Charles B. Moore.
-
-  11. Map of New Mexico Depicting “Crash Sites” and “Debris Field.”
-
-  12. Missile Recovery Scene.
-
-  13. Drone Recovery Scene.
-
-  14. “Sierra Sam” Type Anthropomorphic Dummy.
-
-  15. National Transportation Highway Safety Administration
-      Advertisement Featuring “Vince and Larry.”
-
-  16. “Dummy Joe” with J.J. Higgins and Guy Ball, McCook Field, Ohio,
-      1920.
-
-  17. Rope and Sandbag Parachute Drop Dummy on Ground.
-
-  18. Rope and Sandbag Parachute Drop Dummy Descending at Wright
-  Field, Ohio.
-
-  19. Ted Smith Model Anthropomorphic Dummy in Ejection Seat.
-
-  20. Anthropomorphic Dummy “Oscar Eightball” at Muroc AAF, Calif.
-
-  21. “Sierra Sam” Anthropomorphic Dummy in Ejection Seat.
-
-  22. Alderson Laboratories Anthropomorphic Dummies Hanging in
-      Laboratory.
-
-  23. Project HIGH DIVE Dummy Launch.
-
-  24. Map of New Mexico Depicting Dummy Landing Locations.
-
-  25. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.’s Record Parachute Jump.
-
-  26. Article In December 1960 National Geographic Featuring Project
-      EXCELSIOR.
-
-  27. Magazine Covers Depicting U.S. Air Force Aero-Medical
-      Experiments.
-
-  28. M-342 Five-Ton Wrecker.
-
-  29. Project HIGH DIVE Gondola and “Sierra Sam” Type Anthropomorphic
-      Dummy.
-
-  30. 1st Lts. Raymond A. Madson and Eugene M. Schwartz with “Sierra
-      Sam” Type Anthropomorphic Dummy.
-
-  31. M-35 Two-Ton Cargo Truck.
-
-  32. M-37 ¾-Ton Cargo Truck.
-
-  33. Lt. Col. John P. Stapp Preparing for Rocket Sled Test.
-
-  34. Cover of September 12, 1955 _Time_ Magazine Depicting
-  Lt. Col. John P. Stapp.
-
-  35. Anthropomorphic Dummy with Missing Fingers.
-
-  36–38. Anthropomorphic Dummy Falling from Balloon Gondola.
-
-  39. Memo from Project HIGH DIVE Files.
-
-  40. Hanging Anthropomorphic Dummies and Hospital Gurney.
-
-  41. Anthropomorphic Dummy in Insulation Bag.
-
-  42–43. High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Report Covers.
-
-  44. Inflation of High Altitude Balloon for Project VIKING.
-
-  45. Lobby Card from _On The Threshold of Space_.
-
-  46. Promotional Photo From _On The Threshold of Space_.
-
-  47. Promotional Photo From _On The Threshold of Space_.
-
-  48. Relative Sizes of High Altitude Balloon, Airliner, and Hot Air
-      Balloon.
-
-  49. Target Balloon Launch Near Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  50. DISCOVERER Nosecone Rigged for High Altitude Balloon Flight.
-
-  51. DISCOVERER Capsule Aboard the _USS Haiti Victory_.
-
-  52. VIKING Spaceprobe at Martin Marietta Corp., Denver, Colo.
-
-  53. Balloon Launch Of VOYAGER-MARS Space Probe.
-
-  54. VIKING Space Probe at Roswell Industrial Airport, Roswell, N.M.
-
-  55. VIKING Space Probe Awaiting Recovery at White Sands Missile
-      Range.
-
-  56. Drawing of Alleged UFO.
-
-  57. “Vee” Balloon at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  58. Current Members of the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch.
-
-  59. B.D. Gildenberg, Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., and Lt. Col.
-      David G. Simons (MC).
-
-  60. Ranch Family with Panel from Project STARGAZER.
-
-  61. Balloon Recovery Personnel and “The Hermit.”
-
-  62. Mule Borrowed for Balloon Payload Recovery.
-
-  63. Bulldozer Used for Balloon Payload Recovery.
-
-  64. M-43 Ambulance.
-
-  65–66. Unusual Balloon Payloads.
-
-  67. U.S. Army Communications Payload.
-
-  68. Scientific Balloon Payload Flown for The Johns Hopkins University.
-
-  69. Balloon Payload Flown from Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  70. Project HIGH DIVE Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch.
-
-  71. Vehicles Present at High Altitude Balloon Launch and Recovery
-      Sites.
-
-  72. Alderson Laboratories Anthropomorphic Dummies.
-
-  73. Anthropomorphic Dummies Attached to Rack.
-
-  74. Anthropomorphic Dummy with “Bandaged” Head.
-
-  75. Anthropomorphic Dummy with Torn Uniform.
-
-  76. Promotional Photo From _On The Threshold of Space_.
-
-  77. L-20 Observation Aircraft.
-
-  78. C-47 Transport Aircraft.
-
-  79. Balloon Crew Preparing Balloon for Launch.
-
-  80. Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch Scene.
-
-  81. Typical High Altitude Balloon Launch Scene.
-
-  82. Map of New Mexico.
-
-  SECTION TWO
-
-   1. The International UFO Museum and Research Center.
-
-   2. Capt. Eileen M. Fanton.
-
-   3. “Flying Saucer Swindlers,” _True_ Magazine, August 1956.
-
-   4. “The Flying Saucers and the Mysterious Little Green Men,” _True_
-      Magazine, September 1952.
-
-   5. Col. Lee F. Ferrell and U.S. Senator Dennis Chavez.
-
-   6. Lt. Col. Lucille C. Slattery.
-
-   7. KC-97 Aircraft.
-
-   8. 4036th USAF Hospital, Walker AFB, N.M., 1956.
-
-   9. Ballard Funeral Home, Roswell, N.M.
-
-  10. Maj. David G. Simons (MC), Otto C. Winzen, and Capt. Joseph W.
-      Kittinger, Jr.
-
-  11. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. in MAN HIGH Capsule.
-
-  12. Lt. Col. David G. Simons.
-
-  13. Bernard D. “Duke” Gildenberg and 1st Lt. Clifton McClure.
-
-  14. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. and the EXCELSIOR High Altitude
-      Balloon Gondola.
-
-  15. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. and William C. White with
-      STARGAZER Gondola.
-
-  16. Capt. Grover Schock and Otto C. Winzen.
-
-  17. Capt. Dan D. Fulgham and Capt. William C. Kaufman.
-
-  18. Thirty-foot Polyethylene Training Balloon.
-
-  19. Maj. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. in Vietnam.
-
-  20. A2C Ole Jorgeson and M-43 Ambulance Converted to a Communications
-      Vehicle.
-
-  21. Stenciled Letters Described as “Hieroglyphics.”
-
-  22. A2C Ole Jorgeson in Rear of M-43 Ambulance.
-
-  23. Polyethylene Balloon on Ground After High Altitude Flight.
-
-  24. Hospital Dispensary, Building 317, Walker AFB, N.M., 1954.
-
-  25. Main Gate at Walker AFB, N.M., 1954.
-
-  26. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. and Dr. J. Allen Hynek.
-
-  27. Clinical Record Cover Sheet of Capt. Dan D. Fulgham.
-
-  28. Capt. Dan D. Fulgham at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
-
-  29. Maj. Dan D. Fulgham, James Lovell, Hilary Ray, and Alan Bean.
-
-  30. Maj. Dan D. Fulgham at Ubon AB, Thailand.
-
-  31. Memorial Plaque at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  32. Nenninger Balloon Launch Facility at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  33. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. Following EXCELSIOR I.
-
-
-
-
-                             Introduction
-
-
-In July 1994, the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force concluded
-an exhaustive search for records in response to a General Accounting
-Office (GAO) inquiry of an event popularly known as the “Roswell
-Incident.” The focus of the GAO probe, initiated at the request of New
-Mexico Congressman Steven Schiff, was to determine if the U.S. Air
-Force, or any other U.S. government agency, possessed information on
-the alleged crash and recovery of an extraterrestrial vehicle and its
-alien occupants near Roswell, N.M. in July 1947.
-
-Reports of flying saucers and alien bodies allegedly sighted in the
-Roswell area in 1947, have been the subject of intense domestic
-and international media attention. This attention has resulted in
-countless newspaper and magazine articles, books, a television series,
-a full-length motion picture, and even a film purported to be a U.S.
-government “alien autopsy.”
-
-The July 1994 Air Force report concluded that the predecessor to the
-U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Army Air Forces, did indeed recover material
-near Roswell in July 1947. This 1,000-page report methodically explains
-that what was recovered by the Army Air Forces was not the remnants of
-an extraterrestrial spacecraft and its alien crew, but debris from an
-Army Air Forces balloon-borne research project code named MOGUL.[1]
-Records located describing research carried out under the MOGUL
-project, most of which were never classified (and publicly available)
-were collected, provided to GAO, and published in one volume for ease
-of access for the general public.[*]
-
-[*] MOGUL records which ultimately lead to the identification of the
-origin of the 1947 claims of “flying saucer” debris, described balloon
-research that was never classified. Other MOGUL records, describing
-military applications of balloon-borne acoustical sensors, were
-declassified, along with millions of pages of other unrelated executive
-branch documents by Executive Order 11652, issued on March 6, 1972 by
-President Richard M. Nixon.
-
-Although MOGUL components clearly accounted for the claims of “flying
-saucer” debris recovered in 1947, lingering questions remained
-concerning anecdotal accounts that included descriptions of “alien”
-bodies. The issue of “bodies” was not discussed extensively in the 1994
-report because there were not any bodies connected with events that
-occurred in 1947. The extensive Secretary of the Air Force-directed
-search of Army Air Forces and U.S. Air Force records from 1947 did not
-yield information that even suggested the 1947 “Roswell” events were
-anything other than the retrieval of the MOGUL equipment.[2]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 1. _The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction
-  in the New Mexico Desert_ contains, in its entirety, the report
-  submitted to the Secretary of the Air Force in July 1994. It is
-  available for sale from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
-  Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C., 20402-9328. Stock
-  No. 008-070-00697-9, ISBN 0-16-048023-X.]
-
-Subsequent to the 1994 report, Air Force researchers discovered
-information that provided a rational explanation for the alleged
-observations of alien bodies associated with the “Roswell Incident.”
-Pursuant to the discovery, research efforts compared documented Air
-Force activities to the incredible claims of “flying saucers,” “aliens”
-and seemingly unusual Air Force involvement. This in-depth examination
-revealed that these accounts, in most instances, were of actual Air
-Force activities but were seriously flawed in several major areas, most
-notably: the Air Force operations that inspired reports of “bodies” (in
-addition to being earthly in origin) did not occur in 1947. It appears
-that UFO proponents have failed to establish the accurate dates for
-these “alien” observations (in some instances by more than a decade)
-and then erroneously linked them to the actual Project MOGUL debris
-recovery.
-
-This report discusses the results of this further research and
-identifies the likely sources of the claims of “alien” bodies.
-Contrary to allegations that the Air Force has engaged in a cover-up
-and possesses dark secrets involving the Roswell claims, some of
-the accounts appear to be descriptions of unclassified and widely
-publicized Air Force scientific achievements. Other descriptions of
-bodies appear to be descriptions of actual incidents in which Air Force
-members were killed or injured in the line of duty.
-
-The conclusions of the additional research are:
-
-  • Air Force activities which occurred over a period of many years
-  have been consolidated and are now represented to have occurred in
-  two or three days in July 1947.
-
-  • “Aliens” observed in the New Mexico desert were probably
-  anthropomorphic test dummies that were carried aloft by U.S. Air
-  Force high altitude balloons for scientific research.
-
-  • The “unusual” military activities in the New Mexico desert were
-  high altitude research balloon launch and recovery operations. The
-  reports of military units that always seemed to arrive shortly
-  after the crash of a flying saucer to retrieve the saucer and
-  “crew,” were actually accurate descriptions of Air Force personnel
-  engaged in anthropomorphic dummy recovery operations.
-
-  • Claims of bodies at the Roswell Army Air Field hospital were most
-  likely a combination of two separate incidents:
-
-    1) a 1956 KC-97 aircraft accident in which 11 Air Force members
-    lost their lives; and,
-
-    2) a 1959 manned balloon mishap in which two Air Force pilots were
-    injured.
-
-This report is based on thoroughly documented research supported by
-official records, technical reports, film footage, photographs, and
-interviews with individuals who were involved in these events.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 2. Roswell, N.M. (pop. 37,000), boasts
-  competing “museums” focusing on the Roswell Incident, including
-  this one, The International UFO Museum and Research Center.]
-
-
-
-
-                              SECTION ONE
-
-                Flying Saucer Crashes and Alien Bodies
-
-
-The most puzzling and intriguing element of the complex series of
-events now known as the Roswell Incident, are the alleged sightings of
-alien bodies. The bodies turned what, for many years, was just another
-flying saucer story, into what many UFO proponents claim is the best
-case for extraterrestrial visitation of Earth. The importance of bodies
-and the assumptions made as to their origin is illustrated in a passage
-from a popular Roswell book:
-
-  _Crashed saucers are one thing, and could well turn out to be
-  futuristic American or even foreign aircraft or missiles. But
-  alien bodies are another matter entirely, and hardly subject to
-  misinterpretation._[3]
-
-The 1994 Air Force report determined that project MOGUL was responsible
-for the 1947 events. MOGUL was an experimental attempt to acoustically
-detect suspected Soviet nuclear weapon explosions and ballistic missile
-launches.[4] MOGUL utilized acoustical sensors, radar reflecting
-targets and other devices attached to a train of weather balloons over
-600 feet long. Claims that the U.S. Army Air Forces recovered a “flying
-disc” in 1947, were based primarily on the lack of identification of
-the radar targets, an element of weather equipment used on the long
-MOGUL balloon train. The oddly constructed radar targets were found by
-a New Mexico rancher during the height of the first U.S. flying saucer
-wave in 1947.[5] The rancher brought the remnants of the balloons and
-radar targets to the local sheriff after he allegedly learned of the
-broadcasted reports of flying discs. However, following some initial
-confusion at Roswell Army Air Field, the “flying disc” was soon
-identified by Army Air Forces officials as a standard radar target.[6]
-
-From 1947 until the late 1970s, the Roswell Incident was essentially
-a non-story. The reports that existed contain only descriptions of
-mundane materials that originated from the Project MOGUL balloon
-train—“tinfoil, paper, tape, rubber, and sticks.”[7] The first claim
-of “bodies” appeared in the late 1970s, with additional claims made
-during the 1980s and 1990s. These claims were usually based on
-anecdotal accounts of second- and third-hand witnesses collected by UFO
-proponents as much as 40 years after the alleged incident. The same
-anecdotal accounts that referred to bodies also described massive field
-operations conducted by the U.S. military to recover crash debris from
-a supposed extraterrestrial spaceship.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 3. An illustration of a Project MOGUL balloon
-  train similar to one found on a ranch 75 miles northwest of
-  Roswell, N.M. in June 1947, which contains all of the “strange”
-  materials described as part of a “flying disc.” Initial confusion
-  at Roswell AAF and delayed identification of this equipment was the
-  first in a series of unrelated events now known as the “Roswell
-  Incident.”]
-
-A technique used by some UFO authors to collect anecdotal corroboration
-for their theories was to solicit cooperating witnesses through
-newspaper announcements. For example, one such solicitation appeared in
-the _Socorro_ (N.M.) _Defensor Chieftain_ on November 4, 1992, on behalf
-of Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, the authors of the book _Crash
-at Corona_. This request solicited persons to provide information about
-the supposed crashes of alien spacecraft in the Socorro area.[8][*]
-
-  [*] Socorro, N.M. is situated at the northwest boundary of White
-  Sands Missile Range, the largest military test range in the United
-  States. Since the 1940s, White Sands and the surrounding areas of
-  New Mexico have been the site of a high volume of military test
-  and evaluation activity, including the launch and recovery of
-  anthropomorphic dummies carried aloft by high altitude balloons.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 4. (_Right_) Maj. Jesse Marcel, an intelligence
-  officer from Roswell Army Air Field, with the debris found 75 miles
-  northwest of Roswell in June 1947. When compared to a standard
-  radar target used by project MOGUL, it is clear that they are
-  the same object. (_Courtesy, Special Collections Division, the
-  University of Texas at Arlington Libraries, Arlington, Tex._)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 5 & 6. (_Below, left and right_) Constructed
-  of aluminized paper glued and taped to a balsa wood frame, several
-  ML-307B/AP radar targets were used on the MOGUL balloon train to
-  make it visible to radar. (_U.S. Air Force photos_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 7. This account from the July 9, 1947 _Roswell
-  Daily Record_, described the materials “tinfoil, paper, rubber,
-  tape, and sticks” found on the ranch 75 miles northwest of Roswell,
-  in June 1947.
-
-  _Harassed Rancher who Located ‘Saucer’ Sorry He Told About It_
-
-  W. W. Brazel, 48, Lincoln county rancher living 30 miles south east
-  of Corona, today told his story of finding what the army at first
-  described as a flying disk, but the publicity which attended his
-  find caused him to add that if he ever found anything else short of
-  a bomb he sure wasn’t going to say anything about it.
-
-  Brazel was brought here late yesterday by W. E. Whitmore, of radio
-  station KGFL, had his picture taken and gave an interview to the
-  Record and Jason Kellahin, sent here from the Albuquerque bureau
-  of the Associated Press to cover the story. The picture he posed
-  for was sent out over AP telephoto wire sending machine specially
-  set up in the Record office by R. D. Adair, AP wire chief sent here
-  from Albuquerque for the sole purpose of getting out his picture
-  and that of sheriff George Wilcox, to whom Brazel originally gave
-  the information of his find.
-
-  Brazel related that on June 14 he and an 8-year old son, Vernon
-  were about 7 or 8 miles from the ranch house of the J. B. Foster
-  ranch, which he operates, when they came upon a large area of
-  bright wreckage made up on rubber strips, tinfoil, a rather tough
-  paper and sticks.
-
-  At the time Brazel was in a hurry to get his round made and he did
-  not pay much attention to it. But he did remark about what he had
-  seen and on July 4 he, his wife, Vernon and a daughter Betty, age
-  14, went back to the spot and gathered up quite a bit of the debris.
-
-  The next day he first heard about the flying disks, and he wondered
-  if what he had found might be the remnants of one of these.
-
-  Monday he came to town to sell some wool and while here he went to
-  see sheriff George Wilcox and “whispered kinda confidential like”
-  that he might have found a flying disk.
-
-  Wilcox got in touch with the Roswell Army Air Field and Maj. Jesse
-  A. Marcel and a man in plain clothes accompanied him home, where
-  they picked up the rest of the pieces of the “disk” and went to his
-  home to try to reconstruct it.
-
-  According to Brazel they simply could not reconstruct it at all.
-  They tried to make a kite, out of it, but could not do that and
-  could not find any way to put it back together so that it would fit.
-
-  Then Major Marcel brought it to Roswell and that was the last he
-  heard of it until the story broke that he had found a flying disk.
-
-  Brazel said that he did not see it fall from the sky and did not
-  see it before it was torn up, so he did not know the size or shape
-  it might have been, but he thought it might have been about as
-  large as a table top. The balloon which held it up, if that was how
-  it worked, must have been about 12 feet long, he felt, measuring
-  the distance by the size of the room in which he sat. The rubber
-  was smoky gray in color and scattered over an area about 200 yards
-  in diameter.
-
-  When the debris was gathered up the tinfoil, paper, tape, and
-  sticks made a bundle about three feet long and 7 or 8 inches thick,
-  while the rubber made a bundle about 18 or 20 inches long and about
-  8 inches thick. In all, he estimated, the entire lot would have
-  weighed maybe five pounds.
-
-  There was no sign of any metal in the area which might have been
-  used for an engine and no sign of any propellers of any kind,
-  although at least one paper fin had been glued onto some of the
-  tinfoil.
-
-  There were no words to be found anywhere on the instrument,
-  although there were letters on some of the parts. Considerable
-  scotch tape and some tape with flowers printed upon it had been
-  used in the construction.
-
-  No strings or wire were to be found but there were some eyelets in
-  the paper to indicate that some sort of attachment may have been
-  used.
-
-  Brazel said that he had previously found two weather observation
-  balloons on the ranch, but that what he found this time did not in
-  any way resemble either of these.
-
-  “I am sure what I found was not any weather observation balloon.”
-  he said. “But if I find anything else, besides a bomb they are
-  going to have a hard time getting me to say anything about it.”]
-
-In response to the newspaper announcement, two scientists central to
-the actual explanation of the “Roswell” events, Professor Charles
-B. Moore, a former U.S. Army Air Forces contract engineer, and
-Bernard D. Gildenberg, retired Holloman AFB Balloon Branch Physical
-Science Administrator and Meteorologist, came forward with pertinent
-information.[9] According to Moore and Gildenberg, when they met with
-the authors their explanations that some of the Air Force projects they
-participated in were most likely responsible for the incident, they
-were summarily dismissed. The authors even went so far as to suggest
-that these distinguished scientists were participants in a multifaceted
-government cover-up to conceal the truth about the Roswell Incident.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 8. Announcement from the November 4, 1992
-  _Socorro_ (N.M.) _Defensor Chieftain_ soliciting witnesses of flying
-  saucer crashes in New Mexico. When former Air Force scientists
-  responded to advise the authors that Air Force projects were most
-  probably responsible for the UFO accounts, they were summarily
-  dismissed by the authors who placed the announcement, and then were
-  accused of participating in a cover-up.
-
-  _Authors seek UFO witnesses_
-
-  Co-authors of a major book on the 1947 crash of at least one
-  alien spacecraft in the New Mexico desert will be at the Golden
-  Manor Motel in Socorro on Monday, Nov. 16 to seek out additional
-  witnesses to these events.
-
-  Nuclear physicist Stanton T. Friedman and aviation/science writer
-  Don Berliner, whose “Crash at Corona” is now in its second
-  printing, want to meet with people having knowledge of the 1947
-  crashes.
-
-  Their book, being published in August by Paragon House of New York,
-  is being prepared for a made-for-TV movie. It is the story of the
-  discovery, retrieval, shipping and cover-up of what the authors
-  call the most important scientific discovery of the past thousand
-  years.
-
-  It is based on dozens of interviews with first- and second-hand
-  civilian and ex-military witnesses to various parts of what is
-  referred to as a very complex series of events.
-
-  In order to strengthen their case for government knowledge of what
-  they call “the truth behind almost 50 years of UFO sightings,” the
-  authors are seeking out additional, reliable witnesses. It remains
-  their policy to honor requests to keep the names of witnesses
-  private.
-
-  For more information, contact Don Berliner, 1202 S. Washington St.,
-  Alexandria. VA., 22314 (703-548-0405); or Stanton T. Friedman, 79
-  Pembroke Crescent, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 2V1, Canada (506
-  457-0232).
-
-  Witnesses are invited to call either author collect or to make
-  arrangements to meet them at any of their stops in New Mexico,
-  which include the cities of Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Las Cruces,
-  Alamogordo and Roswell.]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 9. (_Left_) B.D. “Duke” Gildenberg served
-  as the civilian meteorologist, engineer, and physical science
-  administrator for the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch from
-  1951–1981. Gildenberg actively participated in thousands of
-  high altitude balloon operations, including the flights that
-  dropped anthropomorphic dummies at off-range locations throughout
-  New Mexico. Gildenberg, the “father” of Air Force scientific
-  ballooning, was instrumental in identifying the many actual Air
-  Force activities now known as the “Roswell Incident.”]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 10. (_Right_) Charles B. Moore, Professor
-  Emeritus of Atmospheric Physics at the New Mexico Institute of
-  Mining and Technology, was the project engineer for New York
-  University under contract to the U.S. Army Air Forces to develop
-  high altitude balloon technology for Project MOGUL. Moore launched
-  the balloon train on June 4, 1947, that when combined with other
-  events, are now known as the “Roswell Incident.”]
-
-Since many of the Roswell accounts and allegations were collected by
-irregular methods and are not specifically documented, the series
-of events as alleged by UFO theorists has become very complex and
-requires clarification. Therefore, the following section will briefly
-examine some of the more confusing elements of the Roswell stories,
-specifically, the multiple crash sites and complex scenarios, in order
-to facilitate an objective analysis of actual events.
-
-
-
-
-                                  1.1
-          The “Crash Sites,” Scenarios, and Research Methods
-
-
-The “Crash Sites”
-
-From 1947 until the late 1970s, the Roswell Incident was confined
-to one alleged crash site. This site, located on the Foster Ranch
-approximately 75 miles northwest of the city of Roswell, was the actual
-landing site of a Project MOGUL balloon train in June 1947.[10] The
-MOGUL landing site is referred to in popular Roswell literature as the
-“debris field.”
-
-In the 1970s, the 1980s and throughout the 1990s, additional witnesses
-came forward with claims and descriptions of two other alleged crash
-sites. One of these sites was supposedly north of Roswell, the other
-site was alleged to have been approximately 175 miles northwest of
-Roswell in an area of New Mexico known as the San Agustin Plains.[11]
-What distinguished the two new crash sites from the original debris
-field were accounts of alien bodies.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 11. Map of New Mexico depicting the “crash
-  sites” and “debris field.” ]
-
-
-The Scenarios
-
-  [Sidenote: “_It must be emphasized that the claims of bodies only
-  became part of the Roswell Incident after 1978, when they were
-  erroneously linked to the July 1947 retrieval of Project MOGUL
-  components._”]
-
-UFO enthusiasts have attempted to explain the obvious contradiction
-of multiple impact sites involving only one alien craft through the
-introduction of complicated scenarios. These scenarios have become
-increasingly convoluted since the proponents of each crash site must
-make allowances to have “their” flying saucer at the correct time
-and place—the actual MOGUL balloon train landing site in early July,
-1947—in order to “fit” with the rest of the story. The actual Project
-MOGUL landing site, 75 miles northwest of Roswell, lends credibility,
-and more importantly establishes a _time frame_, for the other accounts
-that include reports of bodies. Flying saucer enthusiasts use the
-documented presence of U.S. Army Air Forces personnel at the MOGUL
-site in July 1947, who were there to retrieve the MOGUL balloon train,
-to provide the nucleus of unrelated and much later accounts that
-include reports of “bodies.” It must be emphasized that the claims of
-“bodies” only became part of the Roswell Incident after 1978, when they
-were erroneously linked to the July 1947 retrieval of Project MOGUL
-components.
-
-In general, “Roswell Incident” scenarios claim that a disabled alien
-craft momentarily touched down at the site 75 miles northwest of
-Roswell, leaving behind parts of the spaceship (material that has been
-subsequently identified as components of a MOGUL balloon train) to
-create the original “debris field.” The scenarios further contend that
-the damaged craft again became airborne and flew to its final crash
-site, at either the location north of Roswell or 175 miles northwest of
-Roswell on the San Agustin Plains.
-
-Regardless of the dispute over the location, an element common to
-most scenarios was that, once recovered, the bodies were supposedly
-transported to the hospital at Roswell Army Air Field for autopsy. Also
-common to these theories is that the bodies were later shipped from
-Roswell AAF to another facility, usually Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio (or
-a host of other facilities—this is another area of further disagreement
-among UFO theorists) for further evaluation and ultimate deep-freeze
-storage.
-
-
-Research Methods
-
-In an attempt to untangle this collection of complicated assertions and
-determine if there was any validity to the reports of bodies, Air Force
-researchers faced the task of sorting through and examining anecdotal
-testimony of hundreds of witnesses. However, a large number of the
-accounts were eliminated by applying previously established facts to
-the testimonies. The July 1994 report to the Secretary of the Air Force
-clearly presented and documented these facts:
-
-  _a._ The U.S. Army Air Forces did not recover an extraterrestrial
-  vehicle and alien crew. This conclusion was based on extensive
-  research that included a thorough review of both classified
-  and unclassified materials at record depositories, archives,
-  libraries and research facilities throughout the nation. Of the
-  millions of pages of material reviewed, there was no mention of
-  any activities that even tangentially suggested such an event.
-  Additionally, former and retired Air Force members and civilian
-  contract scientists were located and released from any possible
-  nondisclosure agreements they may have entered into regarding
-  past classified activities. This release allowed them to freely
-  discuss with Air Force researchers, or any other persons,
-  information related to this issue. These releases were issued at
-  the express written direction of the Secretary of the Air Force.
-  Interviews with these persons yielded no information supporting
-  extraterrestrial claims or any other unusual activities.
-
-  _b._ The reports of bodies were not associated with Project MOGUL.
-  The MOGUL balloon train did not, was not designed to, nor could it
-  carry passengers. Neither did it carry hazardous materials that
-  would have caused injury, death, or mutilation to persons who may
-  have come in contact with any of its components.
-
-  _c._ Actual events, if any, that inspired reports of bodies did
-  not occur in 1947. Based on extensive examinations of U.S. Army
-  Air Forces activities in 1947, no evidence was found to support
-  allegations that the Army Air Forces was involved in any uncommon
-  operations other than the retrieval of the MOGUL balloon train
-  in the Roswell area in July 1947. Examination of research and
-  development projects, aircraft crashes, errant missiles and
-  possible nuclear accidents yielded no information to support a 1947
-  claim.
-
-In light of these documented facts, the hundreds of anecdotal accounts
-were reduced to a few. Eliminated were accounts that were likely
-descriptions of materials known to be part of the Project MOGUL balloon
-train and accounts describing transportation of these materials.
-
-From the remaining testimony, Air Force researchers developed the
-following set of working hypotheses to assist in identifying the actual
-events, if any, matching those described by the witnesses.
-
-  _a._ Due to the number and great detail provided in some of the
-  accounts, it was likely that some event(s) actually did occur.
-
-  _b._ Due to the many similarities of the two crash site
-  descriptions and the considerable distance between them, it was
-  likely that more than one event with similar characteristics was
-  the basis for these accounts.
-
-  _c._ Since the account of bodies at the Roswell Army Air Field
-  hospital did not contain elements similar to reports of the two
-  crash sites, it was likely that this account was unrelated to
-  the crash site accounts. (The hospital account will be addressed
-  separately in Section Two of this report.)
-
-The remaining testimony was examined with regard both to the facts and
-to working hypotheses to determine if there were common threads or
-links connecting any of the accounts. If similarities were found, the
-next step was to determine if they were related to an actual event.
-Finally, if there were actual event(s), were they part of U.S. Air
-Force or U.S. Government activities?
-
-
-Common Threads
-
-Careful examination of the testimony revealed that primary witnesses
-of the two “crashed saucer” locations contained descriptions common to
-both. These areas of commonality contained both general and detailed
-characteristics. However, before continuing, the accounts were
-carefully examined to determine if the testimony related by individual
-witnesses were of their own experiences and not a recitation of
-information given by other persons. While many aspects of the remaining
-accounts were judged to be similar, other aspects were found to be
-significantly different. The accounts on which the analysis is based
-were determined, in all likelihood, to have been independently obtained
-or observed by the witnesses.
-
-=General Similarities.= The testimony presented for both crash sites
-generally followed the same sequence of events. The witnesses were
-in a rural and isolated area of New Mexico. In the course of their
-travels in this area, they came upon a crashed aerial vehicle. The
-witnesses then proceeded to the area of the crash to investigate and at
-some distance they observed strange looking “beings” that appeared to
-be crewmembers of the vehicle. Soon thereafter, a convoy of military
-vehicles and soldiers arrived at the site. Military personnel allegedly
-instructed the civilians to leave the area and forget what they had
-seen. As the witnesses left the area, the military personnel commenced
-with a recovery operation of the crashed aerial vehicle and “crew.”
-
-=Detailed Similarities.= Along with general similarities in the
-testimonies, there also existed a substantial amount of similar
-detailed descriptions of the “aliens,” and the military vehicles and
-procedures allegedly used to recover them.
-
-The first obvious similarity was the descriptions of the aliens.
-Mr. Gerald Anderson, an alleged witness of events at the site 175
-miles northwest of Roswell, recalled, “I thought they were plastic
-dolls.”[12] Mr. James Ragsdale, an alleged witness of the site north of
-Roswell, stated, “They were using dummies in those damned things.”[13]
-Another alleged witness to a “crash” north of Roswell, Frank J.
-Kaufman, recalled that there was “talk” that perhaps an “experimental
-plane with dummies in it” was the source of the claims.[14]
-
-Additional similarities were also noted. Mr. Vern Maltais, a secondhand
-witness of the site 175 miles northwest of Roswell, described the
-hands of the “aliens” as, “They had four fingers.”[15] Anderson
-characterized the hands as, “They didn’t have a little finger.”[16]
-He also described the heads of the aliens as “completely bald”[17]
-while Maltais described them as “hairless.”[18] The uniforms of the
-aliens were independently described by Anderson as “one-piece suits
-... a shiny silverish-gray color”[19] and by Maltais as “one-piece
-and gray in color.”[20] The date of this event was also not precisely
-known. Maltais recalled that it may have occurred “around 1950”[21] and
-another secondhand witness, Alice Knight stated, “I don’t recall the
-date.”[22]
-
-Witnesses of different sites also used the terms “wrecker”[23] and
-“six-by-six”[24] when they described the military vehicles present at
-the different recovery sites. One witness described seeing a “medium
-sized Jeep/truck”[25] and another witness described seeing a “weapons
-carrier”[26] (a weapons carrier is a mid-sized Jeep-type truck).
-
-
-The Research Profile
-
-When the general and specific similarities were combined, a profile
-emerged describing the event or activity that might have been observed.
-The profile, which contains elements common to at least two, and in
-some cases, all of the accounts, established a set of criteria used
-to determine what the witnesses may have observed. The profile is as
-follows:
-
-  _a._ An activity that, if viewed from a distance, would appear
-  unusual.
-
-  _b._ An activity of which the exact date is not known.
-
-  _c._ An activity that took place in two rural areas of New Mexico.
-
-  _d._ An activity that involved a type of aerial vehicle with dolls
-  or dummies that had four fingers, were bald, and wore one-piece
-  gray suits.
-
-  _e._ An activity that required recovery by numerous military
-  personnel and an assortment of vehicles that included a wrecker, a
-  six-by-six, and a weapons carrier.
-
-Based on this profile, research was begun to identify events or
-activities with these characteristics. Due to the location of the
-sites, attention was focused on Roswell AAF (renamed Walker AFB in
-1948), White Sands Missile Range and Holloman AFB, N.M. The aerial
-vehicles assigned or under development at these facilities were
-aircraft, missiles, remotely-piloted drones, and high altitude
-balloons. The operational characteristics and areas where these
-vehicles flew were researched to determine if they played a role in the
-events described by the witnesses.
-
-=Missiles and Drones.= Missiles and drones were determined not to have
-been responsible for the accounts.[*] The areas where the alleged
-crashes took place were, in all likelihood, too far from the White
-Sands Missile Range. Missiles were equipped with a self-destruct
-mechanism that was activated if it strayed off-course or out of the
-White Sands Missile Range. There was never a program that required
-a dummy or doll to be placed inside a missile or a drone. However,
-missiles were launched from White Sands carrying monkeys and other
-small animals aloft for scientific research.[27] These projects were
-well documented, and none of these missiles landed near either of the
-two crash sites.
-
-  [*] From September 1961 until March 1965 12 Atlas F
-  intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) were deployed by the
-  579^{th} Strategic Missile Squadron in areas surrounding Walker
-  AFB, N.M. These missiles were determined not to have been involved
-  in the Roswell Incident.
-
-=Aircraft.= Aircraft seemed just as unlikely as missiles to have been
-responsible for the extraterrestrial claims as outlined in the profile.
-Although additional research revealed the significant role dummies
-played in the test and evaluation of aircraft emergency escape systems,
-these dummies were used on board aircraft and on the high-speed test
-track at Holloman AFB. However, aircraft test flights demanded strict
-adherence to established flight profiles over the instrumented portions
-of the White Sands Missile Range, many miles from the alleged crash
-sites. Dummies used on the high-speed track remained in the immediate
-vicinity of the track facilities at Holloman AFB. This geographical
-impossibility ruled out dummies that were ejected from aircraft
-and those used on the high-speed track as a cause of alleged alien
-sightings. (Aircraft accidents will be discussed extensively in Section
-Two of this report.)
-
-  [Illustration: Figs. 12 & 13. Missiles (_left_) and drones
-  (_right_) under development at Holloman AFB, N.M. were determined
-  not to have been involved in the “Roswell Incident.” (_U.S. Air
-  Force photos_)]
-
-=High Altitude Research Balloons.= The only vehicles not yet evaluated
-as a possible source of the accounts were high altitude research
-balloons. Previous reviews of early research balloon flight records
-revealed that trajectories of high altitude balloons were, at times,
-unpredictable and did not usually remain over Holloman AFB or White
-Sands Missile Range.[28] Many of the scientific payloads required
-recovery so the data collected during flight could be returned to the
-laboratory for analysis.
-
-These characteristics seemed to fit at least some of the research
-profile. Atmospheric sampling apparatus or weather instruments, the
-typical payload of many high altitude balloons, could hardly have been
-mistaken for space aliens. A careful examination of the instruments
-carried aloft by the high altitude balloons revealed that one unique
-project used a device that very likely could be mistaken for an
-alien—an anthropomorphic dummy.
-
-An anthropomorphic dummy is a human substitute equipped with a variety
-of instrumentation to measure effects of environments and situations
-deemed too hazardous for a human. These abstractly human dummies
-were first used in New Mexico in May 1950, and have been used on a
-continuous basis since that time.[29]
-
-In the 1950s, anthropomorphic dummies were not widely exposed outside
-of scientific research circles and easily could have been mistaken for
-something they were not. Today, anthropomorphic dummies, better known
-as crash test dummies, are easily identifiable and are even the “stars”
-of their own automotive safety advertising campaign. During the 1950s
-when the U.S. Air Force dropped the odd-looking test devices from high
-altitude balloons in its program to study high altitude human free-fall
-characteristics, public awareness and stardom were decades away. It
-seems likely that someone who unexpectedly observed these dummies at a
-distance would believe they had seen something unusual. In retrospect,
-when interviewed over 40 years later, they could accurately report that
-they had seen something _very unusual_.
-
-With the introduction of anthropomorphic dummies as a possible
-explanation for the reports of bodies, another element of the research
-profile appeared to be satisfied. Specific information that described
-the locations, methods, and procedures used to employ the dummies was
-required before any definitive conclusions could be drawn. To gather
-this detailed information, research efforts were concentrated on high
-altitude balloon operations and the specific projects that utilized
-balloon-borne anthropomorphic dummies.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 14. (_Left_) Example of an anthropomorphic
-  dummy carried aloft by U.S. Air Force high altitude balloons. These
-  dummies landed at numerous locations throughout New Mexico during
-  the 1950s. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 15. (_Right_) Newspaper advertisement depicting
-  anthropomorphic dummies “Vince and Larry” “stars” of the successful
-  advertising campaign by the National Highway Traffic Safety
-  Administration to encourage use of safety belts. (_Courtesy of
-  NHTSA_)
-
-  “I’LL JUST BRACE
-  MYSELF WITH THE
-  STEERING WHEEL”
-
-  Who are you trying to fool? There’s no way a steering wheel
-  can stop you from slamming into a dashboard. Only a safety belt can.
-  Stop making excuses and start buckling your safety belt.
-
-  YOU COULD LEARN A LOT FROM A DUMMY.
-  BUCKLE YOUR SAFETY BELT.
-
-  A Public Service Message
-  US Department
-  of Transportation
-]
-
-
-                Test Dummies Used by the U.S. Air Force
-
-Since the beginning of manned flight, designers have sought a
-substitute for the human body to test hazardous new equipment. Early
-devices used by the predecessors of the U.S. Air Force were simply
-constructed parachute drop test dummies with little similarity to the
-human form. Following World War II, aircraft emergency escape systems
-became increasingly sophisticated and engineers required a dummy with
-more humanlike characteristics.
-
-
-Parachute Drop Dummies
-
-During World War I research and development of the first U.S. military
-parachute was underway at McCook Field, Ohio. To test the parachute,
-engineers experimented with several types of dummies, settling on
-a model constructed of three-inch hemp rope and sandbags with the
-approximate proportions of a medium-sized man.[30] The new invention
-was soon known by the nickname “Dummy Joe.” Dummy Joe is said to have
-made more than five thousand “jumps” between 1918 and 1924.[31]
-
-By 1924, parachutes were required on military aircraft with their
-serviceability tested by dummies dropped from aircraft.[32] For this
-routine testing, several types of dummies were used. The most common
-type is shown in figures 17 and 18. Parachutes were individually
-drop-tested from aircraft until the early stages of World War II, when,
-due both to increased reliability and large numbers of parachutes in
-service, this routine practice was discontinued. Nonetheless, test
-dummies were still used frequently by the Parachute Branch of Air
-Materiel Command (AMC) at Wright Field, Ohio, to test new parachute
-designs.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 16. “‘Dummy Joe,’ the hero of five thousand
-  jumps” is shown here with engineers J.J. Higgins (_left_) and Guy
-  Ball at McCook Field, Ohio in 1920. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 17. (_Left_) Early rope and sandbag dummy used
-  to test parachutes. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 18. (_Right_) Parachute drop dummies in use at
-  Wright Field, Ohio. The historic Flight Test hangars, Hangars 1 and
-  9, can be seen in the background. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-Anthropomorphic Dummies
-
-The ejection seat had been developed and used successfully by the
-German Luftwaffe during the latter stages of World War II. The utility
-of this invention was realized when the U.S. Army Air Forces obtained
-an ejection seat in 1944.[33] To properly test the ejection seat, the
-Army Air Forces required a dummy that had the same center of gravity
-and weight distribution as a human, characteristics that parachute
-drop dummies did not possess. In 1944, the USAAF Air Materiel Command
-contracted with the Ted Smith Company of Upper Darby, Pa. to design
-and manufacture the first dummy intended to accurately represent a
-human.[34] The dummy had the same basic shape as a human, but with only
-abstract human features, and “skin” made of canvas.
-
-  [Illustration: Figs. 19 & 20. (_Left & Right_) These early
-  anthropomorphic dummies, manufactured by the Ted Smith Co., of
-  Upper Darby, Pa., were used by the Army Air Forces beginning in
-  1944. They were replaced by a more realistic dummy in 1949.
-
-  (_Right_) “Oscar Eightball,” the name given to this early model
-  anthropomorphic dummy by Col. John P. Stapp, is shown following a
-  run of the high-speed track at Muroc AAF (now Edwards AFB), Calif.,
-  in 1947. (_U.S. Air Force photos_)]
-
-In 1949, the U.S. Air Force Aero Medical Laboratory submitted a
-proposal for an improved model of the anthropomorphic dummy.[35]
-This request was originated by the renowned Air Force scientist and
-physician John P. Stapp, now a retired Colonel, who conducted a series
-of landmark experiments at Muroc (now Edwards) AFB, Calif., to measure
-the effects of acceleration and deceleration during high-speed aircraft
-ejections.[36] Stapp required a dummy that had the same center of
-gravity and articulation as a human, but, unlike the Ted Smith dummy,
-was more human in appearance. A more accurate external appearance was
-required to provide for the proper fit of helmets, oxygen masks, and
-other equipment used during the tests. Stapp requested the Anthropology
-Branch of the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright Field to review
-anthropological, orthopedic, and engineering literature to prepare
-specifications for the new dummy.[37] Plaster casts of the torso, legs,
-and arms of an Air Force pilot were also taken to assure accuracy.[38]
-The result was a proposed dummy that stood 72 inches tall, weighed
-200 pounds, had provisions for mounting instrumentation, and could
-withstand up to 100 times the force of gravity or 100Gs.
-
-In 1949, a contract was awarded to Sierra Engineering Company of Sierra
-Madre, Calif., and deliveries began in 1950.[39] This dummy quickly
-became known as “Sierra Sam.”
-
-In 1952, a contract for anthropomorphic dummies was awarded to Alderson
-Research Laboratories, Inc., of New York City.[40] Dummies constructed
-by both companies possessed the same basic characteristics: a skeleton
-of aluminum or steel, latex or plastic skin, a cast aluminum skull, and
-an instrument cavity in the torso and head for the mounting of strain
-gauges, accelerometers, transducers, and rate gyros.[41] Models used by
-the Air Force were primarily parachute drop and ejection seat versions
-with center of gravity tolerances within one quarter inch.
-
-Over the next several years the two companies improved and redesigned
-internal structures and instrumentation, but the basic external
-appearance of the dummies remained relatively constant from the mid
-1950s to the late 1960s. Dummies of these types were most likely the
-“aliens” associated with the “Roswell Incident.”
-
-  [Illustration: Figs. 21 & 22. Examples of a “Sierra Sam” (_left_)
-  and Alderson Laboratories anthropomorphic dummies (_right_) of the
-  type dropped from balloons at off-range locations throughout New
-  Mexico during the 1950s. (_U.S. Air Force photos_)]
-
-
-
-
-                                  1.2
-                   High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops
-
-
-From 1953 to 1959, anthropomorphic dummies were used by the U.S. Air
-Force Aero Medical Laboratory as part of the high altitude aircraft
-escape projects HIGH DIVE and EXCELSIOR.[42] The object of these
-studies was to devise a method to return a pilot or astronaut to earth
-by parachute, if forced to escape at extreme altitudes.[43]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 23. Project HIGH DIVE anthropomorphic dummy
-  launch, White Sands Proving Ground, N.M., June 11, 1957. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-Anthropomorphic dummies were transported to altitudes up to 98,000 feet
-by high altitude balloons. The dummies were then released for a period
-of free-fall while body movements and escape equipment performance were
-recorded by a variety of instruments. Forty-three high altitude balloon
-flights carrying 67 anthropomorphic dummies were launched and recovered
-throughout New Mexico between June 1954 and February 1959.[44] Due
-to prevailing wind conditions, operational factors and ruggedness of
-the terrain, the majority of dummies impacted outside the confines
-of military reservations in eastern New Mexico, near Roswell, and in
-areas surrounding the Tularosa Valley in south central New Mexico.[45]
-Additionally, 30 dummies were dropped by aircraft over White Sands
-Proving Ground, N.M. in 1953. In 1959, 150 dummies were dropped by
-aircraft over Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio (possibly accounting for
-alleged alien “sightings” at that location).[46]
-
-  [Illustration: Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch and Landing Locations]
-
-A number of these launch and recovery locations were in the areas where
-the “crashed saucer” and “space aliens” were allegedly observed.
-
-Following the series of dummy tests, a human subject, test pilot Capt.
-Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., now a retired Colonel, made three parachute
-jumps from high altitude balloons. Since free-fall tests from these
-unprecedented altitudes were extremely hazardous, they could not
-be accomplished by a human until a rigorous testing program using
-anthropomorphic dummies was completed.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 25. “Lord, take care of me now,” were Capt.
-  Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.’s words as he exited the EXCELSIOR III
-  balloon gondola at 102,800 feet on August 16, 1960, over White
-  Sands Proving Ground, N.M. Kittinger’s courageous scientific
-  achievement remains, to this day, the highest parachute jump ever
-  accomplished. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-                              A Cover-Up?
-
-Countering claims of a cover-up, Air Force projects that used
-anthropomorphic dummies and human subjects were unclassified and
-widely publicized in numerous newspaper and magazine stories, books,
-and television reports. These included a book written by test pilot
-Kittinger, _The Long, Lonely Leap_, another book, _Man High_, by MAN
-HIGH Project Scientist, Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC), a feature
-article in _National Geographic_, and cover stories in _Life_,
-_Collier’s_, _Popular Mechanics_, and _Time_.[47] A characterization
-of Kittinger’s record parachute jump even appeared in the adolescent
-magazine, _MAD_.[48] The intense public interest in HIGH DIVE,
-EXCELSIOR and other aero medical projects conducted at Holloman AFB
-also resulted in a 1956 Twentieth Century Fox full-length motion
-picture, _On the Threshold of Space_ (see page 38).
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 26. This photo of Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger,
-  Jr. taken by a remotely operated camera on the EXCELSIOR III
-  gondola, was featured in the December 1960 _National Geographic_.
-
-  The Long, Lonely Leap
-
-  _World’s highest jump tests a new type of parachute for
-  high-altitude flyers and scientists returning from the threshold of
-  space_
-
-  By CAPT. JOSEPH W. KITTINGER. JR., USAF
-
-  _Illustrations by National Geographic photographer VOLKMAR WENTZEL_
-
-  OVERHEAD my onion-shaped balloon spread its 200-foot diameter
-  against a black daytime sky. More than 18½ miles below lay the
-  cloud-hidden New Mexico desert to which I shortly would parachute.
-
-  Sitting in my gondola, which gently twisted with the balloon’s slow
-  turnings, I had begun to sweat lightly, though the temperature read
-  36° below zero Fahrenheit. Sunlight burned in on me under the edge
-  of an aluminized antiglare curtain and through the gondola’s open
-  door.
-
-  In my earphones crackled the voice of Capt. Marvin Feldstein, one
-  of our project’s two doctors, from ground control at Holloman Air
-  Force Base:
-
-  “Three minutes till jump, Joe.”
-
-  I was ready to go, for more reasons than one. For about an hour—as
-  the balloon rose from 50,000 to 102,800 feet above sea level—I
-  had been exposed to an environment requiring the protection of a
-  pressure suit and helmet, and the fear of their failure had always
-  been present. If either should break, unconsciousness would come in
-  10 or 12 seconds, and death within two minutes.
-
-  In our altitude-chamber flights at the laboratory, I always
-
-  “=Lord, take care of me now=,” I pray, then take the big step-off
-  that begins my return from the edge of space, a 13-minute,
-  45-second plunge to an earth wrapped in clouds. The lanyard
-  attached to my parachute pack is my last link with the gondola.
-  It starts a timer on a small stabilization chute that will
-  open 16 seconds later and prevent horizontal spinning. Without
-  stabilization, man could not survive a jump from these high
-  altitudes.
-
-  A National Geographic camera mounted above the gondola took this
-  remarkable photograph at 102,800 feet.
-
-  MS Ektachrome National Geographic Society
-]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 27. Contemporary magazines that featured
-  experiments at Holloman AFB, N.M. _Clockwise from top left_,
-  _Time_, September 12, 1955; _Life_, August 29, 1960; _Popular
-  Mechanics Magazine_, (_center_) January 1951; _Collier’s_, June 25,
-  1954; and _Life_, September 2, 1957.]
-
-
-Dummy Drop Procedures
-
-For the majority of the tests, dummies were flown to altitudes between
-30,000 and 98,000 feet attached to a specially designed rack suspended
-below a high altitude balloon.[49] On several flights the dummies
-were mounted in the door of an experimental high altitude balloon
-gondola.[50] Upon reaching the desired altitude, the dummies were
-released and free-fell for several minutes before deployment of the
-main parachute.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 28. (_Left_) Witnesses at both flying saucer
-  “crash” sites stated that a “wrecker” was used in the recovery
-  of the “alien” craft. This was a likely reference to the M-342
-  five-ton wrecker, used to launch and recover anthropomorphic
-  dummies.]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 29. (_Right_) Three tests utilized
-  anthropomorphic dummies mounted in the door of an experimental
-  Project HIGH DIVE gondola. This launch took place on October 8,
-  1957, in front of curious onlookers at the public picnic area of
-  White Sands National Monument, N.M. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-The dummies used for the balloon drops were outfitted with standard
-equipment of an Air Force aircrew member. This equipment consisted
-of a one-piece flightsuit, olive drab, gray (witnesses had described
-seeing aliens in gray one-piece suits) or fuchsia in color, boots,
-and a parachute pack.[51] The dummies were also fitted with an
-instrumentation kit that contained accelerometers, pressure
-transducers, an oscillograph, and a camera to record movements of the
-dummy during free-fall.[52]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 30. A “Sierra Sam” with HIGH DIVE Project
-  Officers 1st Lts. Eugene M. Schwartz (_left_) and Raymond A. Madson
-  (_right_). This dummy is outfitted in a “sage green” colored
-  flightsuit (a shade of gray) with red tape sealing its neck,
-  wrists, and ankles. (_U.S. Air Force_)]
-
-Recoveries of the test dummies were accomplished by personnel from
-the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch.[53] Typically, eight to twelve
-civilian and military recovery personnel arrived at the site of an
-anthropomorphic dummy landing as soon as possible following impact.
-The recovery crews operated a variety of aircraft and vehicles.
-These included a wrecker, a six-by-six, a weapons carrier, and L-20
-observation and C-47 transport aircraft—the exact vehicles and aircraft
-described by the witnesses as having been present at the crashed saucer
-locations.[54] On one occasion, just southwest of Roswell, a HIGH DIVE
-project officer, 1st Lt. Raymond A. Madson, even conducted a search for
-dummies on horseback[55] (see statement in Appendix B).
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 31. An M-35 2½-ton cargo truck, commonly
-  referred to as a “six-by-six,” were used by the Holloman Balloon
-  Branch to launch and recover anthropomorphic dummies and suspension
-  racks at numerous locations throughout New Mexico. (_U.S. Air Force
-  photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 32. M-37 ¾-ton utility trucks, known as
-  “weapons carriers,” were used for high altitude balloon recoveries
-  by the Holloman Balloon Branch during the 1950s. Here, recovery
-  technicians use an M-37 to retrieve an Aero Medical gondola from a
-  location on Holloman AFB, N.M. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-To expedite the recoveries, crews were prepositioned with their
-vehicles along a paved highway in the area where impact was
-expected.[56] On a typical flight the dummies were separated from
-the balloon by radio command and descended by parachute.[57] Prompt
-recovery of the dummies and their suspension racks, which usually
-did not land in the same location resulting in extensive ground and
-air searches, was essential for researchers to evaluate information
-collected by the instrumentation and cameras. To assist the recovery
-personnel, a variety of methods were used to enhance the visibility
-of the dummies: smoke grenades, pigment powder, and brightly colored
-parachute canopies.[58] Also, recovery notices promising a $25 reward
-were taped to an exposed portion of a dummy.[59] Local newspapers and
-radio stations were contacted when equipment was lost.[60]
-
-
-                            The Bravest Man
-
-  America was introduced to Col. John Paul Stapp on December 10,
-  1954, when he became known as both the “the bravest” and “the
-  fastest” man on earth. Stapp earned these titles following a
-  rocket sled test that accelerated him to 632 miles per hour. He
-  reached this speed in just five seconds—faster than a .45 caliber
-  bullet—and was decelerated to a stop in 1.4 seconds, subjecting
-  his body to more than 42 times the force of gravity! While this
-  was America’s introduction to Col. Stapp, the 1954 rocket sled
-  test that examined aircraft restraint devices and human responses
-  to accelerative/decelerative forces and windblast, was just one of
-  many achievements of this legendary Air Force physician.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 33. The first “space doctor,” Lt. Col. John
-  P. Stapp (now a retired Colonel) being strapped into the rocket
-  sled Sonic Wind Nᵒ 1, on December 10, 1954, at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-  Courageously, Stapp was his own volunteer subject on 29 rocket sled
-  tests and earned two awards of the Legion of Merit and the Cheney
-  Award for valor and self-sacrifice. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  Born in Bahia, Brazil to American missionary parents, Stapp sold
-  pots and pans door to door during the Depression while he earned
-  both undergraduate and graduate degrees in zoology and chemistry
-  at Baylor University. He went on to earn a doctorate in biophysics
-  from the University of Texas, and a doctorate in medicine from the
-  University of Minnesota.
-
-  In 1944 Stapp entered the U.S. Army Air Forces and became
-  a flight surgeon. From 1946 to 1963, due to his unique
-  qualifications in biophysics and medicine, he conducted a series
-  of acceleration/deceleration experiments on the high-speed track
-  at Muroc (now Edwards AFB), Calif.,[61] and later at Holloman
-  AFB, N.M. Developments from these and other studies resulted in
-  innovations which have saved many lives. These included improved
-  safety belt restraint systems and design specifications for
-  aircraft and automobiles, aircraft ejection and emergency escape
-  systems, refinement of automobile airbag systems, and development
-  of the modern anthropomorphic test dummy.
-
-  As commander of the U.S. Air Force Aeromedical Field Laboratory
-  at Holloman AFB, N.M. and later the Aero Medical Laboratory at
-  Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, Stapp won support for the Air Force
-  manned high altitude balloons projects—MAN HIGH and EXCELSIOR. As
-  a testament to his thorough safety preparations, these and other
-  extremely hazardous projects administered by Stapp, did not result
-  in a single debilitating injury to a test subject. These projects
-  helped pave the way for future flights of both high altitude
-  aircraft such as the X-15, and of spacecraft for the MERCURY,
-  GEMINI, and APOLLO programs. In fact, Stapp’s expertise was called
-  upon to assist in the selection of the initial cadre of astronauts,
-  the “MERCURY Seven.”
-
-  He retired from the Air Force in 1970, but not before amassing a
-  collection of awards and honors. These included two awards of the
-  Legion of Merit for rocket sled experiments, the Cheney Award for
-  1954, and membership in the National Aviation Hall of Fame.
-
-  In association with the Society of Automotive Engineers, Stapp
-  continues to participate in annual conferences in which industry
-  experts assemble to discuss vehicle safety issues. The conferences,
-  now in their 40th year bear his name: the Stapp Car Crash
-  Conferences.
-
-  In 1991, in recognition of a lifetime of unselfish dedication
-  to scientific research, Stapp was awarded the National Medal of
-  Technology, bestowed upon him at the White House by President
-  George Bush.
-
-  He is married to the former Lillian Lanese, a former soloist with
-  the Ballet Theater of New York, and resides in Alamogordo, N.M. At
-  87 years old he continues to maintain a dizzying pace of travel and
-  lectures.
-
-  It is not an exaggeration that virtually every person who has
-  safely operated, or ridden in, an automobile, aircraft, or
-  spacecraft, has benefited from the genius of Col. John Paul Stapp,
-  and owes this brave scientist, physician, and visionary, a great
-  deal of thanks.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 34. September 12, 1955 edition of _Time_
-  featuring Col. John P. Stapp and his rocket sled experiments at
-  Holloman AFB, N.M.]
-
-Despite these efforts, the dummies were not always recovered
-immediately; one was not found for nearly three years and several
-were not recovered at all.[62] When they were found, the dummies and
-instrumentation were often damaged from impact.[63] Damage to the
-dummies included loss of heads, arms, legs and fingers.[64] This
-detail, dummies with missing fingers, appears to satisfy another
-element of the research profile—aliens with only four fingers.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 35. Rough treatment and parachute failures
-  during balloon drops often caused damage to the hands of the
-  dummies. This detail, “beings” with “four fingers,” was related by
-  two witnesses as a distinguishing feature of the Roswell aliens.
-  (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Figs. 36–38. Actual photographs of an Alderson
-  Laboratories type anthropomorphic dummy falling away from its
-  suspension rack at high altitude over New Mexico. Fig. 37
-  (_center_) appears on the cover of this publication. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photos_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 39. Memo taken from Project HIGH DIVE files
-  explaining the loss of a dummy near Roswell, N.M. in November 1955.
-
-  Loss of MR Equipment
-  WCUSS-22        WCRDB-4       19 Jan 56
-  ATTN: Mr. R.L. Mason            Lt. Nielsen/1bc
-                                  Ext. 2-4194/B.33
-
-  1. On 17 November 1955, an anthropomorphic dummy, B-15 jacket and
-  a stop watch were lost during a high altitude dummy drop from a
-  balloon at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico.
-
-  2. The drop was performed to determine the effectiveness of a
-  two stage personnel parachute in lowering a man-like dummy from
-  85,000 feet. The test was part of a continuing task “High Altitude
-  Escape Studies”, 7218-71719. The point at which the dummy reached
-  the ground was not known to the recovery crews at the time and an
-  extensive search lasting through the first week of December 1955
-  failed to discover the lost items.
-
-  3. Lost are:
-
-    a. 1 ea., dummy, anthropomorphic, Sierra Engineering Co. model 120,
-       stock no. 3500-NL-30010,
-
-    b. 1 ea., jacket, B-15, spec. 3220, size 36, stock no.
-       8415-269-0512,
-
-    c. 1 ea., stop watch, Fisher Scientific Co. P/N 14-646, stock no.
-       8TAA 98545.
-
-  4. Because of the loss of these items as a result of a test,
-  it is requested that Lt. Henry P. Nielsen be relieved of the
-  responsibility for these items.
-
-                                      HARVEY E. SAVELY
-                                      Chief, Biophysics Branch
-                                      Aero. Medical Laboratory
-                                      Directorate of Research
-
-                                      CONCURRENCE
-]
-
-What may have contributed to a misunderstanding if the dummies were
-viewed by persons unfamiliar with their intended use, were the methods
-used by Holloman AFB personnel to transport them. The dummies were
-sometimes transported to and from off-range locations in wooden
-shipping containers, similar to caskets, to prevent damage to fragile
-instruments mounted in and on the dummy.[65] Also, canvas military
-stretchers and hospital gurneys were used (a procedure recommended by a
-dummy manufacturer) to move the dummies in the laboratory or retrieve
-dummies in the field after a test.[66] The first 10 dummy drops also
-utilized black or silver insulation bags, similar to “body bags” in
-which the dummies were placed for flight to guard against equipment
-failure at low ambient temperatures of the upper atmosphere.[67]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 40. Air Force personnel used stretchers and
-  gurneys to pick up 200-pound dummies in the field and to move them
-  in the laboratory. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 41. For the first 10 balloon flights, dummies
-  were placed in insulation bags to protect temperature-sensitive
-  equipment. These bags may have been described by at least one
-  witness as “body bags” used to recover alien victims from the crash
-  of a flying saucer. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-On one occasion northwest of Roswell, a local woman unfamiliar with the
-test activities arrived at a dummy landing site prior to the arrival of
-the recovery personnel.[68] The woman saw what appeared to be a human
-embedded head first in a snowbank and became hysterical. The woman
-screamed, “He’s dead!, he’s dead!”[69]
-
-It now appeared that anthropomorphic dummies dropped by high altitude
-balloons satisfied the requirements of the research profile. However,
-the review of high altitude balloon operations revealed what appeared
-to be explanations for some other sightings of odd objects in the
-deserts and skies of New Mexico.
-
-  [Illustration: Figs. 42 & 43. These reports detailed the methods
-  and procedures used for the dummy tests. They may be obtained from
-  the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Va.
-
-  WADC TECHNICAL REPORT 57-477
-  PART I.
-  ASTLA DOCUMENT No. AD 130965
-
-  HIGH ALTITUDE BALLOON DUMMY DROPS
-  PART I. THE UNSTABILIZED DUMMY DROPS
-
-  _RAYMOND A. MADSON, 1ST LT., USAF_
-
-  _AERO MEDICAL LABORATORY_
-
-  OCTOBER 1957
-
-  WRIGHT AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER
-
-  WADC TECHNICAL REPORT 57-477 (II)
-
-  HIGH ALTITUDE BALLOON DUMMY DROPS
-  II: THE STABILIZED DUMMY DROPS
-
-  _RAYMOND A. MADSON, 1ST/LT, USAF_
-
-  _LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS LABORATORY
-  AEROSPACE MEDICAL LABORATORY_
-
-  AUGUST 1961
-
-  AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS DIVISION
-  AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
-  UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
-  WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO
-  ]
-
-
-
-
-                                  1.3
-                   High Altitude Balloon Operations
-
-
-Research has shown that many high altitude balloons launched
-from Holloman AFB, N.M., were recovered in locations, and under
-circumstances, that strongly resemble those described by UFO proponents
-as the recovery of a “flying saucer” and “alien” crew. When these
-descriptions were carefully examined, it was clear that they bore more
-than just a resemblance to Air Force activities. It appears that some
-were actually distorted references to Air Force personnel and equipment
-engaged in scientific study through the use of high altitude balloons.
-
-Since 1947, U.S. Air Force research organizations at Holloman AFB,
-N.M., have launched and recovered approximately 2,500 high altitude
-balloons. The Air Force organization that conducted most of these
-activities, the Holloman Balloon Branch, launched a wide range of
-sophisticated, and from most perspectives, odd looking equipment into
-the stratosphere above New Mexico. In fact, the =_very first_= high
-altitude data gathering balloon flight launched from Alamogordo Army
-Airfield (now Holloman AFB), N.M., on June 4, 1947, was found by the
-rancher and was the first of many unrelated events now collectively
-known as the “Roswell Incident.”
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 44. Inflation of a U.S. Air Force 626 ft. long,
-  34.6 million cu. ft. research balloon on August 13, 1972. This
-  balloon was launched from Roswell Industrial Air Center (formerly
-  Roswell AAF), Roswell, N.M., to test components of the NASA VIKING
-  space probe. (_photo by Ole Jorgeson_) ]
-
-
-                       On the Threshold of Space
-
-  In 1956, Twentieth Century Fox released _On the Threshold of
-  Space_, a full-length motion picture based on Air Force aero
-  medical projects conducted at Holloman AFB, N.M. Starring Guy
-  Madison, John Hodiak, and Dean Jagger, this drama chronicled the
-  high altitude balloon experiments of projects HIGH DIVE/EXCELSIOR
-  and the high-speed track studies conducted by Col. John P. Stapp.
-  Filmed on location at Holloman AFB, Air Force personnel, high
-  altitude balloons, aircraft, vehicles, and other equipment,
-  including the actual anthropomorphic dummies responsible for
-  sightings of aliens, were used in the making of this film.
-
-  In an ironic twist, in 1990 the television program _Unsolved
-  Mysteries_, featured a segment on the Roswell Incident. The
-  program, hosted by actor Robert Stack, depicted a dramatized
-  version of the claims of “aliens,” space ships and mysterious
-  government recovery crews. Interestingly, a review of newspapers
-  from 1956 announcing the Hollywood premiere of _On the Threshold
-  of Space_, listed Stack among the persons scheduled to attend this
-  star-studded event.[70]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 45. Lobby card of the 1956 Twentieth Century
-  Fox release, _On the Threshold of Space_ starring Guy Madison
-  (_seated_) and Martin Milner (_right_).]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 46. Publicity photograph from _On the Threshold
-  of Space_ with (_from left_) Cameron Mitchell, Guy Madison and
-  Dean Jagger. Scenes from the movie clearly depict the actual
-  anthropomorphic dummies described nearly 40 years later as
-  extraterrestrial “aliens.”]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 47. Col. J. P. Stapp’s historic 1954 rocket
-  sled test was re-created for _On the Threshold of Space_ (_see
-  figure 33, page 31_).]
-
-
-High Altitude Polyethylene Research Balloons
-
-In 1946, as a result of research conducted for project MOGUL,
-Charles B. Moore, a New York University graduate student working
-under contract for the U.S. Army Air Forces, made a significant
-technological discovery: the use of polyethylene for high altitude
-balloon construction.[71] Polyethylene is a lightweight plastic that
-can withstand stresses of a high altitude environment that differed
-drastically from, and greatly exceeded, the capabilities of standard
-rubber weather balloons used previously. Moore’s discovery was a
-breakthrough in technology. For the first time, scientists were able to
-make detailed, sustained studies of the upper atmosphere. Polyethylene
-balloons, first produced in 1947 for Project MOGUL, are still widely
-used today for a host of scientific applications.
-
-High altitude polyethylene balloons and standard rubber weather
-balloons differ greatly in size, construction, and utility. The
-difference between these two types of balloons historically has been
-the subject of misunderstandings in that the term “weather balloon” is
-often used to describe both types of balloons.
-
-High altitude polyethylene balloons are used to transport scientific
-payloads of several pounds to several tons to altitudes of nearly
-200,000 feet. Polyethylene balloons do not increase in size and burst
-with increases in volume as they rise, as do standard rubber weather
-balloons. They are launched with excess capacity to accommodate the
-increase in volume. This characteristic of polyethylene balloons makes
-them substantially more stable than rubber weather balloons and capable
-of sustained constant level flight, a requirement for most scientific
-applications.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 48. Relative sizes of a modern high altitude
-  polyethylene research balloon, an airliner, and a hot-air balloon.
-  Inaccurate characterizations of the giant high altitude research
-  balloons as “weather balloons” (which are typically 15 feet in
-  diameter) has historically been the source of confusion. (_courtesy
-  of Mike Smith, Raven Industries_)
-
-  Raven Industries 40 million cubic foot balloon. 450 ft in diameter
-  at 130,000 feet
-
-  Hot-air balloon. 50 ft in diameter
-
-  DC-9 airliner 104 ft long]
-
-The initial polyethylene balloons had diameters of only seven feet and
-carried payloads of five pounds or less.[72] As balloon technology
-advanced, payload capacities and sizes of balloons increased. Modern
-polyethylene balloons, some as long as several football fields when
-on the ground, expand at altitude to volumes large enough to contain
-many jet airliners. Polyethylene balloons flown by the U.S. Air Force
-have reached altitudes of 170,000 feet and lifted payloads of 15,000
-pounds.[73]
-
-During the late 1940’s and 1950’s, a characteristic associated
-with the large, newly invented, polyethylene balloons, was that
-they were often misidentified as flying saucers.[74] During this
-period, polyethylene balloons launched from Holloman AFB, generated
-flying saucer reports on nearly every flight.[75] There were so many
-reports that police, broadcast radio, and newspaper accounts of these
-sightings were used by Holloman technicians to supplement early balloon
-tracking techniques.[76] Balloons launched at Holloman AFB generated
-an especially high number of reports due to the excellent visibility
-in the New Mexico region. Also, the balloons, flown at altitudes
-of approximately 100,000 feet, were illuminated before the earth
-during the periods just after sunset and just before sunrise. In this
-instance, receiving sunlight before the earth, the plastic balloons
-appeared as large bright objects against a dark sky. Also, with the
-refractive and translucent qualities of polyethylene, the balloons
-appeared to change color, size, and shape.
-
-The large balloons generated UFO reports based on their radar
-tracks.[77] This was due to large metallic payloads that weighed
-up to several tons and echoed radar returns not usually associated
-with balloons. In later years, balloons were equipped with altitude
-and position reporting transponders and strobe lights that greatly
-diminished the numbers of both visual and radar UFO sightings.
-
-One classic misidentification of a Holloman balloon that was mistaken
-for a UFO, was launched on October 27, 1953.[78] According to the
-following account published in a widely distributed 1958 history of
-Air Force balloon operations, _Contributions of Balloon Operations to
-Research and Development at the Air Force Missile Development Center
-Holloman Air Force Base, N. Mex. 1947–1958_, a suspected Holloman
-balloon was tracked both visually and by radar over London, England on
-November 3, 1953.
-
-“English accounts of the incident contained such statements as
-‘tremendous speed,’ ‘practically motionless,’ ‘circular or spherical
-and white in color,’ ‘emitting or reflecting a fierce light.’ Altitude
-was reported as 61,000 feet—and as no research balloon had recently
-been sent up from Britain, there was ample room for local saucer
-enthusiasts to claim the ‘unidentified flying object’ as proof of their
-theories. A much likelier explanation, however, is that this was really
-the balloon launched from Holloman on 27 October.”[79]
-
-
-High Altitude Balloon Payloads
-
-Over the years, payloads transported by high altitude polyethylene
-balloons ranged from simple radio transmitters to anthropomorphic
-dummies to sophisticated satellite components and NASA interplanetary
-space probes. Many of these payloads, some of which weighed many tons,
-were not what someone would typically envision as being associated with
-a balloon. Examples of payloads flown in New Mexico by Air Force high
-altitude balloons can be found on pages 52 and 53 at the end of this
-section.
-
-Research projects of the late 1940’s and 1950’s conducted at Holloman
-AFB which began with the Project MOGUL flights in June 1947, covered
-a wide spectrum of scientific research. One important experiment
-in space biology measured the effects of exposure to cosmic ray
-particles on living tissues.[80] Other projects gathered meteorological
-data and collected air samples to determine the composition of the
-atmosphere.[81] The first high altitude photographic reconnaissance
-project, a forerunner to today’s reconnaissance satellites, Project
-119L, also used high altitude balloons launched at Holloman AFB.[82]
-
-As early as May 1948, polyethylene balloons coated or laminated with
-aluminum were flown from Holloman AFB and the surrounding area.[83]
-Beginning in August 1955, large numbers of these balloons were flown
-as targets in the development of radar guided air to air missiles.[84]
-Various accounts of the “Roswell Incident” often described thin,
-metal-like materials that when wadded into a ball, returned to their
-original shape. These accounts are consistent with the properties of
-polyethylene balloons laminated with aluminum. These balloons were
-typically launched from points west of the White Sands Proving Ground,
-floated over the range as targets, and descended in the areas northeast
-of White Sands Proving Ground where the “strange” materials were
-allegedly found.
-
-In 1958 the first manned stratospheric balloon flights were made from
-Holloman AFB (see page 102). In 1960, balloon tests of components of
-the first U. S. reconnaissance satellite were also flown at Holloman
-AFB. In the 1960’s, 70’s, and 80’s high altitude balloons were used
-in support of Air Force, and other U.S. Government and university
-sponsored research projects. Instrument testing of atmospheric entry
-vehicles for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
-space probes is one prominent example.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 49. Holloman Balloon Branch personnel prepare a
-  polyethylene balloon laminated with aluminum to serve as a target
-  for radar guided missiles over White Sands Proving Ground, N.M.
-  (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-High Altitude Balloons and America’s First Satellite
-
-  An illustration of the important contributions of the Holloman AFB
-  Balloon Branch, and the necessity for a rapid recovery of a high
-  altitude balloon payload, were evaluations of components of the
-  first U.S. satellite-based reconnaissance system, code named CORONA.
-
-  The Soviet Union had already beaten the U.S. into space with
-  the launch and orbit of SPUTNIK I on October 4, 1957. The next
-  achievement in the quest for space superiority were the physical
-  recovery of a payload that had been in orbit.[85] The DISCOVERER
-  satellite, the sensor used in the CORONA program, was to be
-  propelled into orbit and then eject a capsule containing an
-  American flag to enable the U.S. to claim this honor.[86]
-
-  The DISCOVERER program had been plagued by failure with 10
-  unsuccessful missions in 1959 and 1960. With the eyes of the nation
-  watching, and the Soviets testing a similar system, more failures
-  could not be tolerated. To test the faulty components of the
-  DISCOVERER, U.S. Air Force high altitude balloons at Holloman AFB
-  were determined to be the most expedient method of conducting the
-  evaluations.
-
-  In April 1960, DISCOVERER XI, on the launch pad at Vandenberg
-  AFB, Calif., was put into a hold pending results of the balloon
-  tests.[87] The first test at Holloman AFB on April 5th was
-  unsatisfactory due to a parachute failure.[88] On April 8th, with
-  pressure mounting, the Balloon Branch launched another balloon
-  with the DISCOVERER capsule. This test, in which the capsule was
-  dropped over White Sands Missile Range and recovered immediately,
-  was a total success.[89] The results were relayed by telephone
-  from the Balloon Control Center at Holloman AFB to the launch pad
-  at Vandenberg AFB where the countdown resumed.[90] Despite the
-  successful balloon drop, DISCOVERER XI and DISCOVERER XII were
-  failures.[91] Therefore, balloon testing continued throughout the
-  summer of 1960.
-
-  Finally, on August 11, 1960, DISCOVERER XIII successfully ejected
-  a capsule and, amid much fanfare, the first recovery of a manmade
-  object that had orbited the earth was accomplished.[92] This first
-  successful mission of an American satellite, made possible in part
-  by Holloman AFB high altitude balloons, enabled the U.S. to beat
-  the Soviets and claim the honor of the first space recovery by only
-  nine days.[93]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 50. (_Left_). A Holloman Balloon Branch launch
-  crew prepares a nosecone of the DISCOVERER satellite for a high
-  altitude balloon flight at Holloman AFB, N.M. in April 1960. (_U.S.
-  Air Force photo_) ]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 51. (_Right_). A U.S. Navy helicopter aboard
-  the _USS Haiti Victory_ is shown here with the capsule from the
-  DISCOVERER XIII satellite. It was recovered from the Pacific Ocean
-  330 miles northwest of Hawaii on August 11, 1960. (_U.S. Air Force
-  photo_) ]
-
-The SURVEYOR (Moon), VOYAGER-MARS (Mars), VIKING (Mars), PIONEER
-(Venus), and GALILEO (Jupiter) spacecraft were tested by Air Force high
-altitude balloons before they were launched into space.
-
-=VIKING and VOYAGER-MARS Space Probes.= Examples of unusual payloads,
-not likely to be associated with balloons, were qualification trials of
-NASA’s VOYAGER-MARS and VIKING space probes. Both of these spacecraft
-looked remarkably similar to the classic dome-shaped “flying saucer.”
-
-In 1966–67 and 1972, eight of the UFO lookalikes were launched by the
-Balloon Branch from the former Roswell Army Air Field (now Roswell
-Industrial Air Center), N.M.[94] The spacecraft were transported by
-Air Force balloons to altitudes above 100,000 feet and released for a
-period of self-propelled, supersonic, free-flight prior to landing on
-the White Sands Missile Range.[95] While the origins of the “Roswell”
-scenarios cannot be specifically traced to these vehicles, their
-flying saucer-like appearance, and the fact that they were launched
-exclusively from the original “Roswell Incident” location, leaves an
-impression that perhaps these odd balloon payloads may have played
-some role in the unclear and distorted stories of at least some of the
-“Roswell” witnesses.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 52. A NASA VIKING space probe is rolled out of
-  its assembly building at Martin Marietta Corporation in Denver,
-  Colo. (_NASA_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 53. (_Above Left_) The aeroshell of a NASA
-  VOYAGER-MARS space probe just prior to launch at Walker AFB, N.M.
-  (formerly Roswell AAF). (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 54. (_Above Right_) This NASA VIKING flying
-  saucer-like space probe was test flown by U. S. Air Force high
-  altitude balloons in 1972 at the former Roswell Army Air Field.
-  (_NASA_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 55. (_Right_) Following a supersonic test
-  flight in 1972, a VIKING space probe awaits recovery at White Sands
-  Missile Range, N.M. (_NASA_)]
-
-=Tethered Balloons.= The Holloman Balloon Branch, in addition to high
-altitude research activities, also conducted low altitude tethered
-balloon flights. It appears that descriptions of these balloons may
-have become part of the “Roswell Incident.”
-
-Most standard shaped tethered balloons are readily identified when near
-the ground or when the tether is visible. Other experimental tethered
-balloons are not so easily identified. During the 1960s, Balloon Branch
-personnel flew experimentally shaped tethered balloons from deep
-canyons of central New Mexico. To a distant observer, from a vantage
-point above the canyon rim, where the tether and ground anchors are
-not visible, an experimental tethered balloon might lead some persons
-to speculate as to the oddly shaped balloon’s origin and purpose. One
-design of a low altitude tethered balloon may have inspired at least
-one account of an “alien” craft. In _The Truth About the UFO Crash at
-Roswell_, the authors published a drawing of a crashed alien spaceship
-allegedly based on a drawing given to them by an anonymous witness.[96]
-When this drawing is compared to a photograph of an experimental
-tethered balloon flown at Holloman AFB in March 1965, the similarities
-are undeniable.[97] The tethered balloon and the NASA space probes are
-just two examples of the uncommon technologies that were flown in New
-Mexico by the Holloman Balloon Branch.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 56. (_Left_) A drawing from a popular UFO
-  book, _The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell_, depicts an alien
-  spacecraft allegedly drawn by an anonymous witness. (_The Truth
-  About the UFO Crash at Roswell_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 57. (_Right_) A tethered “Vee” balloon shown
-  here at Holloman AFB, N.M. in March 1965. This experimental
-  balloon, is strikingly similar to the “alien” craft. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-Today, the Air Force maintains a reduced but still highly capable
-high altitude balloon program at Holloman AFB. The Space and Missile
-Command, Test and Evaluation Unit (SMC/TE, OL-AC) represents the sole
-Department of Defense high altitude research balloon capability. The
-ability of a U.S. Air Force high altitude balloon to lift a scientific
-payload to more than 100,000 feet, above 99 per cent of the earth’s
-atmosphere, for days at a time, presents a profoundly useful scientific
-tool at a fraction of the cost of a space research platform. Recent
-tests that utilized Holloman balloons included atmospheric sampling
-and gravity measurement experiments, high altitude astronomic studies,
-weapons systems evaluations, and gamma ray detection experiments. While
-most tests continue to be launched from the permanent balloon launch
-facility at Holloman AFB, U.S. Air Force balloon crews have recently
-launched balloons from numerous field locations in the U.S. (including
-two sites in Roswell), as well as Alaska, Panama, and Antarctica.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 58. Present members of the Holloman Balloon
-  Branch in front of the Balloon Operations Center, Building 850, at
-  Holloman AFB, N.M., (_from left_) TSgt. Roger J. Welch, Mr. Joseph
-  Fumerola, Mr. Alvin W. Hodges, Mr. Joseph Longshore, MSgt. Ray A.
-  Pitts, Sr., Amn. John Witkop, and Mr. Harvey L. Harris. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-
-Balloon and Payload Recoveries
-
-UFO theorists support their claims of an extraordinary occurrence in
-the New Mexico desert by describing mysterious U.S. military personnel,
-operating a variety of vehicles and aircraft that always seem to
-arrive shortly after the crash of a “flying saucer.” When carefully
-scrutinized, the descriptions of the mystery crews, their equipment,
-methods, and the areas where the recoveries allegedly occurred—in
-targeted high altitude balloon recovery areas—indicates that Holloman
-Balloon Branch activities were most likely responsible for the claims.
-
-To successfully recover high altitude balloons, balloon recovery
-technicians regularly ventured far from Holloman AFB. In most instances
-the balloons and their scientific payloads were recovered from
-predetermined recovery areas. These regularly targeted areas, located
-in Arizona, West Texas, and New Mexico, included the area surrounding
-Roswell.[98] From 1947 to the present, the Roswell area has been the
-site of hundreds of balloon and payload recoveries (including those
-that carried anthropomorphic dummies).[99]
-
-The regularly targeted areas were the result of the evolution of high
-altitude balloon control techniques developed at Holloman AFB. These
-techniques were based on meteorological, geographical, and operational
-conditions that exist in New Mexico. These factors, combined with ample
-amounts of skill and experience of balloon controllers at Holloman AFB,
-determined the impact points of Holloman high altitude balloons.
-
-Many of the procedures used to position Air Force balloons are
-described in _General Philosophy and Techniques of Balloon Control_,
-and _Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level Balloon Operations in
-the Southwestern United States_, both by Bernard D. Gildenberg (see
-statement in Appendix B).[100] Gildenberg served as the Holloman
-Balloon Branch Meteorologist, Engineer, and Physical Science
-Administrator from 1951 until 1981. During this period, Gildenberg, a
-recognized world expert in upper atmospheric wind patterns, pioneered
-methods to launch, control, track, and recover high altitude balloons.
-Many of these methods are still used today by the U.S. Air Force and by
-research organizations throughout the world.
-
-
-Interaction with Civilians
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 59. Bernard D. “Duke” Gildenberg (_center_)
-  Balloon Branch Meteorologist, is shown here in May 1957 in front
-  of the MAN HIGH I gondola. With Gildenberg are MAN HIGH I pilot
-  Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. (_left_), and MAN HIGH project
-  scientist/pilot, Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC). When Gildenberg
-  attempted to inform UFO theorists that high altitude balloon
-  projects were likely responsible for some of the UFO claims, his
-  explanations were rejected, _see also_ pages 8 & 9. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-In several accounts, unsubstantiated allegations have been made
-that military personnel who retrieved equipment from rural areas of
-New Mexico intimidated and threatened civilians. Contrary to these
-charges, Balloon Branch personnel enjoyed good relations with the
-local community and often solicited their assistance in the area of a
-balloon or payload landing. In the flat, featureless desert areas of
-southeastern New Mexico near Roswell, the parachutes, payloads, the
-balloons themselves, and circling chase aircraft often drew crowds of
-curious onlookers from the local community. In fact, so many civilians
-were often present at balloon or payload landing sites, the scene was
-described by longtime civilian Balloon Branch recovery supervisor,
-Robert Blankenship, as being like the “circus coming to town.”[101]
-
-Allegations that civilians were threatened or told to “forget what they
-saw” are profoundly inaccurate. Threats, intimidation, or other types
-of misconduct by Balloon Branch personnel would have served no purpose
-since without the cooperation of local persons, many recoveries would
-not have been possible.[102]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 60. (_Right_) This ranch family assisted in the
-  recovery of a Project STARGAZER high altitude balloon payload and
-  is shown here with a panel from the unmanned gondola. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-Most balloon recoveries were coordinated in advance with local
-law enforcement agencies.[103] If a balloon or payload landed on
-private property and the owner could not be located, Balloon Branch
-operating instructions dictated that the local sheriff or police
-must be contacted.[104] In situations where local persons arrived at
-balloon landing sites before the recovery crews, they were simply
-asked to “step back” to allow recovery personnel to secure the
-balloon equipment.[105] If these persons inquired as to the purpose
-of a balloon flight, they were informed by technicians that it was a
-U.S. Air Force scientific study and were given a telephone number at
-Holloman AFB if they required additional information. At Holloman AFB,
-individuals qualified to answer detailed questions responded to these
-inquiries. There was never a reason to mislead or threaten individuals
-who observed balloon operations. Relations with local citizens were
-good, and Balloon Branch personnel and equipment were a common sight to
-residents in areas with high incidences of balloon operations.
-
-In a few instances, situations arose when persons not familiar with the
-procedures and equipment used by the Balloon Branch misunderstood their
-activities. Such misunderstandings occurred several times during the
-1970s and 1980s when recovery crews not only attracted the attention of
-local citizens while coordinating balloon recoveries, but also drew the
-attention of federal law enforcement agencies.[106]
-
-Checks with the local sheriff revealed that the trucks and circling
-aircraft in the desert near Roswell were part of a balloon recovery
-mission, and not a drug smuggling operation. Apparently, balloon
-recoveries appeared to be something suspicious even to federal agents.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 61. A typical Holloman Balloon Branch recovery
-  crew is shown here with a man known as “The hermit” who assisted
-  them in a balloon recovery northwest of Silver City, N.M. in the
-  1960s. (_photo collection of Robert Blankenship_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 62. A mule (named Ida) was borrowed from a
-  local rancher when a balloon payload landed in difficult terrain 20
-  miles north of Wickenburg, Ariz. in October 1966. (_U.S. Air Force
-  photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 63. On occasion, Air Force balloon recovery
-  crews rented or borrowed equipment from local residents. This
-  bulldozer was rented for one recovery in the Sacramento mountains
-  west of Roswell. (_photo collection of Robert Blankenship_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 64. Balloon Branch vehicle at roadside café.
-  This M-43 ¾-ton field ambulance, converted by the Holloman Balloon
-  Branch into a communications vehicle, was a common sight in the
-  areas surrounding Roswell during the 1950s and early 1960s. (_photo
-  collection of Ole Jorgeson_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Figs. 65 & 66. Examples of unusual payloads flown by
-  Air Force high altitude balloons at Holloman AFB, N.M. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photos_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 67. (_Left_) This U.S. Army communications
-  payload was flown at Holloman AFB, N.M. on September 30, 1976.
-  (_U.S. Army photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 68. (_Right_) Payload launched by an Air Force
-  high altitude balloon from Holloman AFB, N. M. on March 20, 1965.
-  This payload was a scientific experiment for The Johns Hopkins
-  University Astrophysics Laboratory. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 69. High altitude balloon payload launched from
-  Holloman AFB on September 14, 1976. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-
-
-                                  1.4
-     Comparison of Witnesses Accounts to U.S. Air Force Activities
-
-
-Were they aliens or dummies? This question can be answered by comparing
-witness testimony and the Air Force projects of the 1950s, HIGH
-DIVE and EXCELSIOR. Both of these projects employed anthropomorphic
-dummies flown by high altitude balloons and appeared to satisfy the
-requirements of the previously established research profile:
-
-  _a._ An activity that if viewed from a distance would appear
-  unusual.
-
-  _b._ An activity for which the exact date was not likely to have
-  been known because many dummies were dropped over a six-year period
-  (1953–1959).
-
-  _c._ An activity that took place in many areas of rural New Mexico.
-
-  _d._ An activity that involved a type of aerial vehicle with
-  dummies that had four fingers, were bald and wore one-piece gray
-  suits.
-
-  _e._ An activity that required recovery by numerous military
-  personnel and an assortment of vehicles that included a wrecker, a
-  six-by-six, and a weapons carrier.
-
-The testimony used in the following comparison, an undocumented mixture
-of firsthand and secondhand re-countings, are the actual statements,
-not the interpretations of UFO proponents, that are presented to
-“prove” the Earth was visited by extraterrestrial beings and the U.S.
-Air Force has covered up this fact since 1947. This comparison is
-augmented by references to photographs whenever possible to illustrate
-the undeniable similarities between the descriptions provided by the
-witnesses and the equipment and methods employed by the Air Force
-projects.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 70. Project HIGH DIVE anthropomorphic dummy
-  launch. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-
-
-                            “Crash” Site 1
-                     (Allegedly North of Roswell)
-
-
-This summarized account is the basis for the alleged “flying saucer”
-crash site north of Roswell.[*] The exact location is not known since
-the witness, Mr. James Ragsdale, in two separate sworn statements, has
-described two different sites, many miles apart.[107] This account was
-excerpted from an interview with Mr. Ragsdale by author Donald Schmitt.
-A transcript of the complete interview is included in Appendix C.
-
-[*] In _The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell_ (Avon Books, 1994, p.
-131), the authors provided a corroborating account for this testimony
-from a 96-year-old man who was in ill health, whose interview was not
-tape recorded, and has since died. According to the book, the man’s
-“wife and daughter said that he was easily confused” and “memories of
-his life were jumbled and reordered.”
-
-
-The Account
-James Ragsdale
-
-“_They was using dummies in those damned things_”[108]
-
-Testimony attributed to Ragsdale, who is deceased, states that he and
-a friend were camping one evening and saw something fall from the sky.
-The next morning, when they went to investigate, they saw a crash site:
-
-“One part [of the craft] was kind of buried in the ground and one part
-of it was sticking our [out] of the ground.” “I’m sure that [there] was
-bodies ... either bodies or dummies.” “The federal government could
-have been doing something they didn’t want anyone to know what this
-was. They was using dummies in those damned things ... they could use
-remote control ... but it was either dummies or bodies or something
-laying there. They looked like bodies. They were not very long ...
-[not] over four or five foot long at the most.” “We didn’t see their
-faces or nothing like that ... we had just gotten to the site and the
-Army ... and all [was] coming and we got into a damned jeep and took
-off.”
-
-This testimony then describes an assortment of military vehicles used
-to recover the “bodies”: “It was two or three six-by-six Army trucks a
-wrecker and everything. Leading the pack was a '47 Ford car with guys
-in it.... It was six or eight big trucks besides the pickup, weapons
-carriers and stuff like that.” Ragsdale also said that before he left
-the area he observed the military personnel “gathering stuff up” and
-“they cleaned everything all up.”
-
-
-Assessment
-
-In his testimony, Ragsdale made numerous references to equipment,
-vehicles, and procedures consistent with documented anthropomorphic
-dummy recoveries for projects HIGH DIVE and EXCELSIOR. The repeated
-use of the term “dummy” and the witness’ own admission that “they was
-using dummies in those damned things” and “I’m sure that was bodies ...
-either bodies or dummies” leaves little doubt that what he described
-was an anthropomorphic dummy recovery.
-
-Based on testimony attributed to this witness, the confusion could
-have resulted from the fact that he observed these activities from a
-distance. If the witness was even a short distance from the odd looking
-anthropomorphic dummies, it would be logical for him to believe, when
-interviewed 35 to 40 years after the event, that he “thought they were
-dummies or bodies or something.” Also, for some of the high altitude
-drops, the dummies did not separate from the suspension rack and
-“rode the rack” to the ground without deployment of a parachute.[109]
-If the parachutes of the dummies or parachutes of the rack assembly
-did not deploy (a common occurrence during the early dummy drops),
-then they free-fell from up to 98,000 feet.[110] As a result of these
-malfunctions, the arms and legs of the dummies were often separated
-from the body on impact.[111] This may account for the witness’
-description of bodies [not] “over four or five foot” tall.
-
-Another portion of his testimony suggesting that the witness observed
-an Air Force high altitude balloon and dummy recovery was the
-statement: “The federal government could have been doing something
-because they didn’t want anyone to know what this was ... they was
-using dummies in those damned things ... they could use remote
-control.” Balloon controllers used remote control to relay commands to
-the balloon control package to valve gas and drop ballast.[112] The
-dummies themselves were also dropped from the suspension rack by remote
-control.[113]
-
-[Illustration: Fig. 71. Numerous vehicles and various types
-of equipment, were often present at high altitude balloon and
-anthropomorphic dummy launch and recovery locations. (photo collection
-of Ole Jorgeson) ]
-
-The witness also described a Balloon Branch procedure that required the
-area of a balloon or payload landing to be restored to its original
-condition. It was evident in the statements “They cleaned everything
-all up” and “They began gathering the stuff up.” Thoroughly cleaning
-a balloon or dummy landing site and removing any debris deposited
-there was a standard procedure to maintain good community relations and
-avoid legal claims that could arise over property damages or livestock
-losses.[114] Cattle were known to ingest scraps of polyethylene balloon
-material that sometimes littered entire fields following a balloon
-failure or flight termination.[115]
-
-The military vehicles described were also consistent with recovery
-and communications vehicles used during the 1950s to retrieve
-anthropomorphic dummies and suspension racks.[116] The witness stated
-he saw a “wrecker,” a “six-by-six,” a “weapons carrier,” a “'47 Ford
-car,” and a “pickup.” The “wrecker” was most likely a M-342 5-ton
-wrecker that was assigned to the Balloon Branch for launch and recovery
-operations.[117] Other vehicles described were also the type used to
-launch and recover anthropomorphic dummies. The “six-by-six” is a
-likely reference to a M-35 2½-ton cargo truck; “weapons carriers” were
-the common name of a Dodge M-37 ¾-ton utility truck. References to
-“the pickup” and a “'47 Ford car,” were likely descriptions of other
-civilian and military vehicles often present at high altitude balloon
-launch and recovery locations.
-
-
-
-
-                            “Crash” Site 2
-              (Allegedly 175 miles Northwest of Roswell)
-
-
-This purported flying saucer “crash” site is allegedly 175 miles
-northwest of Roswell in an area of New Mexico known as the San Agustin
-Plains.[118] The contention that a flying saucer crashed at this
-location and was recovered by the U.S. military is supported by three
-principal testimonies, two secondhand and one firsthand.
-
-
-The Secondhand Accounts
-
-These accounts were related by Mr. Vern Maltais and Ms. Alice Knight,
-who were acquainted with the alleged original eyewitness, Mr. Grady
-L. Barnett, who is deceased. Unless otherwise noted, the following
-statements appeared on footage used to prepare a video, _Recollections
-of Roswell Part II_, by The Fund for UFO Research (see Appendix C).
-
-
-Alice Knight
-
-“_I don’t recall the date_”[119]
-
-“I don’t remember whether it was before my husband and I were married
-or after, I don’t recall the date. But he [the eyewitness] saw a UFO
-fall ... and he got nearly to the site ... but they got nearly up to
-the UFO but it was close enough that you could see some creatures.
-He said they didn’t look like human beings out there. And along came
-government cars and trucks. I guess it was government. You know it was
-a long time ago ... and they told him to go on back and forget that
-they ever saw anything, and that’s all I recall.”
-
-
-Assessment
-
-This brief testimony suggests that the witness did not know the date
-of this event. It also appears that the “creatures” were seen from a
-distance, as evidenced by the statement, “They got nearly up to the
-UFO but it was close enough that you could see some creatures.” The
-testimony also seems consistent with a description of anthropomorphic
-dummies as the witness stated they “didn’t look like human beings.”
-
-
-Vern Maltais
-
-“_Their heads were hairless ... no eyebrows, no eyelashes, no
-hair_”[120]
-
-This secondhand witness alleged that the eyewitness told him he
-observed “beings” from a “flying saucer that had burst open” that were
-“about three and a half to four feet tall, very slim ... their heads
-were hairless, with no eyebrows, no eyelashes, no hair” with “sort of
-a pear-shaped head.” He also related that “the beings were ... not
-exactly like human beings ... similar but not exactly.” He described
-that the hands of the beings “were not covered” ... and [they] only had
-“four fingers.” He also related that the clothing of the beings was
-“one-piece and gray in color”.[121] The witness concluded that “As they
-[the witnesses] were just starting to look things over really closely,
-the military moved in and gave them a briefing to not say anything
-about it.”
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 72. “Their heads were hairless ... no
-  eyebrows, no eyelashes, no hair,” a likely description of Alderson
-  Laboratories type anthropomorphic dummy. These Alderson dummies, of
-  the same type used for Projects HIGH DIVE/EXCELSIOR, were used to
-  test NASA’s APOLLO spacecraft three-man couch at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-  in 1965. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-Assessment
-
-This description of events also indicates that the eyewitness
-apparently did not closely examine the scene and was “just starting
-to look things over” when the military arrived. As with the previous
-testimony, from a distance the dummies were likely to look, as
-described by the witness, “not exactly like humans ... similar but not
-exactly.” The description of the flying saucer that had “burst open”
-is a likely description of the dummy suspension rack that was open on
-the sides (see figures 74, 75, 76). The detailed descriptions of the
-“beings” as “about three and a half to four feet tall, very slim in
-stature ... their heads were hairless, with no eyebrows, no eyelashes,
-no hair,” with “hands that were not covered” and “had only four
-fingers,” is a likely description of an Alderson Research Laboratories
-model anthropomorphic dummy. The head of the Alderson dummy was “bald”
-and the area of the eyebrows protruded but had no “hair” (see figure
-72). Also, a distinguishing feature of the Alderson dummy, unlike the
-Sierra dummy, was that it had individual fingers not covered by gloves
-that were often damaged during the tests resulting in the loss of
-fingers (see figures 35, 73, 75).
-
-Due to the secondhand nature of these accounts, even UFO theorists were
-not convinced that this “incident” actually occurred. Corroborating
-testimony of a firsthand witness was necessary to verify these claims.
-The firsthand testimony is examined next.
-
-
-The Firsthand Account
-
-This testimony became part of the Roswell Incident in 1990 following an
-episode of the television program _Unsolved Mysteries_.[122] Following
-a dramatized re-creation on the program, persons with information
-concerning this event were encouraged to call a special toll free
-telephone number.
-
-From the outset, some UFO theorists were skeptical of this testimony
-due to the amount of detail provided from the witness who was only five
-years old in 1947. In fact, UFO organizations sponsored a conference
-in February 1992 to evaluate the testimony for authenticity.[123]
-The witness was asked to take a polygraph examination, which he
-passed.[124] Many UFO enthusiasts remained skeptical of the claims and
-denounced this testimony as “no more than a fabrication.”[125]
-
-Unless otherwise noted, two sources of testimony attributed to the
-witness have been used in this examination; interviews used to prepare
-the video _Recollections of Roswell Part II_ by the Fund for UFO
-Research (see Appendix C) and _Crash at Corona_ by Don Berliner and
-Stanton Friedman (passages from this book were used only when exact
-quotations of the witness were indicated).
-
-
-Gerald Anderson
-
-“_I thought they were plastic dolls ... I didn’t think they were
-real_”[126]
-
-Anderson related that as a five-year-old boy on an outing with his
-family in west central New Mexico, they stumbled upon the crash of
-some type of aerial vehicle.[127] When he first saw the craft he
-thought it was a “blimp.”[128] According to Anderson he “didn’t really
-get very close,”[129] but thought he saw four bandaged crewmembers
-and at first he “thought they were plastic dolls.”[130] He also
-described attempts by persons in his party to communicate with one
-of the “crewmembers.”[131] Soon after, other civilians arrived (some
-wearing pith helmets) followed by military personnel in an assortment
-of vehicles and aircraft commanded by a “redheaded captain.”[132] The
-military personnel, after “screaming and hollering” at the civilians
-“this is a military secret,” started a recovery operation of the alien
-craft and crew.[133] Anderson also recalled that the military personnel
-threatened some of the civilians with imprisonment or death before
-escorting them out of the area.[134]
-
-
-Assessment
-
-Anderson’s choice of the terms “blimp” to describe the crashed vehicle,
-and “dolls” to describe the “crew,” strongly suggests that a balloon
-with an anthropomorphic dummy payload was the foundation for this
-testimony. He also provided an abundance of supporting details that
-accurately described vehicles, aircraft, equipment, and procedures
-used by the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch to launch and recover
-anthropomorphic dummies.
-
-An aspect of this testimony that is not accurate is the alleged threats
-and intimidation of civilians by military personnel. The use of such
-heavy-handedness was not a tactic used by the Air Force. A careful
-review of official records and interviews with numerous persons
-who actively participated in and were responsible for the conduct
-of Air Force members on high altitude balloon recovery operations
-revealed that these allegations are untrue.[135] Additionally, the
-witness alleges that the military personnel were “screaming and
-hollering” “this is a military secret.”[136] This statement might lead
-uninitiated persons to believe that the witness observed something
-highly classified and that by telling everyone present that it was a
-“military secret” would somehow help it to remain so. However, logic
-dictates that if something was classified “screaming and hollering”
-it was “secret,” would compromise it and not serve to protect its
-classification. This application of logic, combined with the fact that
-the launch and recovery of anthropomorphic dummies was unclassified,
-widely publicized, and often observed by local civilians, indicates
-that the witness’ recollections are in error. There was never a reason
-to disrespect, “scream,” “holler,” or forbid any person from talking
-about the launch or recovery of anthropomorphic dummies.
-
-=The “Crewmembers.”= The statement “I thought they were plastic
-dolls” seems an odd choice of words to describe an extraterrestrial
-being and is a likely reference to an anthropomorphic dummy whose
-skin was made of plastic.[137] This description is similar to that
-of the sole witness of the other crash site, north of Roswell, who
-described the “aliens” as “dummies.”[138] Other references provided
-by this witness further indicate that anthropomorphic dummies were
-the basis for these descriptions. The heads of the “crewmembers” were
-described as “completely bald” with “no visible ears ... just a rise
-... and then a hole.”[139] This is an accurate description of Alderson
-Research Laboratories model dummies that did not have “hair” and had
-either plastic “ears” molded to the head or a circular opening where
-a “demountable ear” or additional instrumentation was attached (see
-figure 22).[140] The statement “they didn’t have a little finger,”[141]
-a detail very similar to one provided by another witness, also appears
-to be a description of dummies manufactured by Alderson Laboratories
-that were often damaged during the balloon tests resulting in the loss
-of fingers.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 73. “Some kind of container, a metal box,” was
-  described as laying on the ground near the alleged aliens. This
-  appears to be a reference to boxes containing electrical components
-  of the remote controlled systems positioned on the top of the dummy
-  suspension rack. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 74. “They looked like they had some sort of
-  bandages on ’em ... over his ... arm ... around his midsection and
-  partially over his shoulder”—witness description of tape and nylon
-  webbing used to prevent arms and legs from flailing, and parachute
-  harness that had chest and shoulder straps. Tape was also used to
-  secure the removable back plate of the head (_also see figs. 29,
-  30, 73, 75_). (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-The assertion that “they were all wearing one-piece suits ... a shiny
-silverish-gray color,” “trimmed in ... maroon-like cording”[142] is
-a likely reference to a standard issue, gray, Air Force flightsuit
-used to outfit the dummies and red duct-type tape used in the tests
-that prevented air from filling the flightsuit (see fig. 30).[143] The
-recollection that “crewmembers” had “bandages”[144] on their bodies
-were likely references to tape and nylon webbing used to prevent
-flailing of a dummy’s arms and legs during tests.[145] A reference to
-a bandage “around his [the crewmember’s] midsection and partially over
-his shoulder”[146] is a likely reference to the standard B-4 or B-5
-parachute with chest and shoulder straps worn by the dummies.[147]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 75. “Its uniform was torn in a couple spots ...
-  their uniforms were in pretty sad shape”—witnesses description of
-  secondhand flightsuits that were used repeatedly on tests; tears
-  and other damage were common. In this photo, 1st Lt. Raymond A.
-  Madson “rigs” a dummy to its suspension rack for project HIGH DIVE
-  at Holloman AFB, N.M. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 76. A witness described at least one person
-  at a “crash” site wearing a pith helmet. In the 1950s, the pith
-  helmet was part of the Air Force uniform and was often worn on
-  balloon launches and recoveries. In this publicity photo from _On
-  the Threshold of Space_, Air Force members at Holloman AFB who were
-  extras in the film can be seen wearing pith helmets. (_also see
-  figure 49_)]
-
-=The “Craft.”= In what appears to be a clear reference to a balloon,
-was that when he saw the crashed vehicle he “thought it was a
-blimp.”[148] Additional descriptions of cables that “went from one
-kind of a package of components to another kind of package” and a
-“metal box” were likely references to the balloon control package that
-was positioned on top of the dummy suspension rack.[149] A further
-reference to a balloon payload is the statement that on a hot New
-Mexico day the crashed vehicle was “ice cold, it felt like it just
-came out of the freezer.”[150] This accurately describes a physical
-condition known as “cold soaking” common to high altitude payloads
-that had recently been exposed to sub-zero temperatures of the upper
-atmosphere.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 77. “An observation aircraft ... a high-winged
-  aircraft”—a witness’s probable reference to a U.S. Air Force L-20
-  aircraft used extensively by Holloman AFB crews to track and
-  recover anthropomorphic dummies. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 78. Described as present at a flying saucer
-  “crash” site was a C-47 aircraft. This is a probable reference to
-  a U.S. Air Force C-47 transport aircraft used to move equipment to
-  launch sites distant from Holloman AFB. These aircraft were also
-  used for aerial tracking of high altitude balloon flights including
-  those that flew anthropomorphic dummies. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-=Military Aircraft.= The witness also described two aircraft of the
-same type used for anthropomorphic dummy recoveries as having been
-involved in the activity he witnessed. One aircraft was described as
-a “C-47” and another as an “observation aircraft ... a high-winged
-aircraft.”[151] These were a C-47 and a L-20 aircraft used extensively
-by the Balloon Branch during the mid 1950s for tracking and recovering
-anthropomorphic dummy balloon flights.[152] This testimony also
-described aircraft that were typically overhead during a recovery and
-an established procedure of landing on a rural road or in a field to
-reach isolated balloon launch or recovery locations.[153]
-
-=Military Vehicles.= Numerous military vehicles, several of which
-were described by other witnesses as having been at the other crash
-site north of Roswell, were also described. Witnesses at the two
-different sites described a “wrecker” and a “six-by-six,” both of the
-type used for anthropomorphic dummy recoveries.[154] The account also
-described two vehicles unique to the Balloon Branch that were used for
-the majority of high altitude balloon recoveries during the mid- to
-late-1950s.
-
-The witness described a “jeep-like truck that had a bunch of radios
-in it”.... There was a guy sittin’ in there wearin’ earphones and he
-was talking on the radio.“[155] This is a likely description of a
-Dodge M-37 ¾-ton utility truck, known as a weapons carrier, that had
-been specially modified to carry radio equipment for balloon recovery
-operations. The Holloman AFB Balloon Branch modified these vehicles
-in 1953, ruling out the possibility that the witness observed them in
-1947, when such vehicles were not available to organizations performing
-balloon operations.[156] The other vehicle described and used by the
-Balloon Branch were “military ambulances.”[157] During the mid-1950s,
-the Balloon Branch modified three M-43 ¾-ton ambulances for use as
-balloon recovery and communications vehicles.[158] These vehicles were
-used for anthropomorphic dummy launch and recovery missions to relay
-messages to circling recovery aircraft and the balloon operations
-center at Holloman AFB.[159] The witness also described “a trailer with
-a motor on it, like a generator.”[160] This@ is a likely description
-of a 1½-ton cargo trailer with an MB-19 15 Kilowatt diesel generator.
-These generators were used primarily on balloon launch sites during the
-1950s and 1960s (see fig. 71).
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 79. “Stretching stuff out on the ground,
-  dragging stuff out of trucks”—a likely witness reference to high
-  altitude balloon inflation procedure that required the balloon to
-  be stretched out on a protective ground cloth prior to inflation.
-  (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-=Balloon Branch Procedures.= Descriptions of military personnel
-“stretching stuff out on the ground, dragging stuff out of trucks”[161]
-is a likely description of a balloon launch procedure that required
-the fragile polyethylene balloon and its protective ground cloth to
-be removed from a launch vehicle and laid out on the ground prior to
-inflation. Another procedure described by the witness was an apparent
-reference to a balloon recovery practice of recording the names of
-civilians who observed high altitude balloon recoveries.[162] The
-witness stated that military personnel “took everybody’s name and
-everything,”[163] which was a procedure to ensure payment of a $25
-dollar reward to persons who assisted in the recovery. This procedure
-was also necessary to settle future claims of property damage caused by
-the balloon, payload, or recovery vehicles.[164]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 80. Witnesses described a “tanker,” “military
-  ambulances,” a “6 × 6,” and a “wrecker”—probable references to
-  (_from left_) a helium tank trailer, a M-43 ambulance (converted to
-  a communications vehicle), a M-35 cargo truck (partially obscured),
-  and a M-342 wrecker. These vehicles were used for off-range launch
-  and recovery operations of anthropomorphic dummies for Project HIGH
-  DIVE/EXCELSIOR. Shown here is a May 29, 1957 dummy launch near
-  Hatch, N.M. (_also see figs. 23, 28, 64, 71, 81_). (_U.S. Air Force
-  photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 81. Scene typical of a mid- to late 1950s
-  off-range high altitude balloon launch. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-                                Summary
-
-When the claims offered by UFO theorists to prove that an
-extraterrestrial spaceship and crew crashed and were recovered by the
-U.S. Air Force are compared to documented Air Force activities, it is
-reasonable to conclude, with a high degree of certainty, that the two
-“crashes” were actually descriptions of a launch or recovery of a high
-altitude balloon and anthropomorphic dummies. This conclusion was based
-on the remarkable similarities and independent corroboration between
-the witnesses who described _both_ of the “crash sites.” Statements
-such as “they was using dummies in those damned things” and a
-characterization of the crashed vehicle as, “I thought it was a blimp”
-are two of the many similarities. The extensive detailed descriptions
-provided by the witnesses, too numerous to be coincidental, were of
-the equipment, vehicles, procedures, and personnel of the Air Force
-research organizations who conducted the scientific experiments HIGH
-DIVE and EXCELSIOR.
-
-Though it is clear anthropomorphic dummies were responsible for these
-accounts, the specific locations of the events described was difficult,
-if not impossible, to determine since the witnesses were not specific.
-A witness to the “crash site” north of Roswell, Mr. James Ragsdale,
-was not certain of the actual location as evidenced by a change in
-his sworn testimony that moved the site many miles from its original
-location.[165]
-
-However, since Ragsdale reportedly lived or worked in the Roswell,
-Artesia, and Carlsbad, N.M. areas during the period when the dummies
-were used, it is likely he described one or more of the nine documented
-dummy recoveries in areas near there.
-
-Reports of the other crash site, allegedly 175 miles northwest of
-Roswell on the San Agustin Plains, is likely based on descriptions of
-more than one launch and recovery of anthropomorphic dummies. Since
-one witness, Gerald Anderson, described procedures consistent with the
-launch _and_ recovery of high altitude balloons, it is likely that he
-witnessed both of these activities, with at least one that included an
-anthropomorphic dummy payload.
-
-The two secondhand witnesses to this “crash,” Vern Maltais and Alice
-Knight, could have related descriptions from any of the dummy launch
-or landing sites. However, Maltais and Knight repeatedly described the
-impact location of the flying saucer as on the San Agustin Plains.
-One possible explanation is that the witnesses, in the 30 or more
-years since they were told the story by the original eyewitness, Mr.
-Barney Barnett, a soil conservation engineer who reportedly traveled
-extensively throughout New Mexico, may have confused San Agustin
-Plains with San Agustin Pass or San Agustin Peak, an area in the San
-Agustin Mountains of New Mexico. These areas are just outside the
-boundary of the White Sands Missile Range and the adjacent Jornada
-Test Range. Numerous anthropomorphic dummy balloon flights terminated
-and were recovered in this area. Furthermore, if the civilians
-witnessed dummy landings on either the White Sands Missile Range or the
-Jornada Test Range, both test areas and restricted U.S. Government
-reservations, then this explains why they may have been told to leave
-the landing site. In the popular Roswell scenarios, witnesses were
-allegedly instructed by military personnel to leave the area because
-they witnessed something of a highly classified nature. This would
-be unlikely since the witnesses described projects that utilized
-anthropomorphic dummies which were unclassified. It is likely, however,
-that if the witnesses ventured onto one of these ranges they were
-instructed to leave, not because of classified activities, but for
-their own safety.
-
-These conclusions are supported by official files, technical reports,
-extensive photographic documentation, and the recollections of numerous
-former and retired Air Force members and civilian employees who
-conducted Projects HIGH DIVE and EXCELSIOR. The descriptions examined
-here, provided by UFO theorists themselves, were so remarkably—and
-redundantly—similar to these Air Force projects that the only
-reasonable conclusion can be that the witnesses described these
-activities. These many similarities are summarized in Table 1.1.
-
-The next section will examine the accounts of “aliens” at the hospital
-at Roswell Army Air Field. As previously stated, due to the lack of
-general or detailed similarities with testimony of the two rural “crash
-sites,” the hospital account was determined not to be associated with
-these reports.
-
-[Illustration: Fig. 82.]
-
-
-                               Table 1.1
-
- Comparison of Testimony to Actual Air Force Equipment, Vehicles, and
-     Procedures Used to Launch and Recover Anthropomorphic Dummies
-
-  Notes:
-
-  “Crash Site” 1—Site North of Roswell
-
-  “Crash Site” 2—Site 175 miles Northwest of Roswell
-
-  Shaded areas indicates corroboration between witnesses.
-
-  Boxed shaded areas indicates corroboration between witnesses at
-  different “crash” sites.
-
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-                                     Air Force
-     Witness Description        Equipment/Procedure         “Crash Site”
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  =The “Aliens”=
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  1. “They was using dummies in  |Reference to              |   Site 1
-  those damned things.”[166]     |anthropomorphic dummies   |
-                      _Ragsdale_ |(figs. 11, 14, 21–22, 29, |
-                                 |30–33, 35, 40, 72–75, 45).|
-                                 +--------------------------+
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  2. “I thought they were        |Reference to              |   Site 2
-  plastic dolls”[167]            |anthropomorphic dummies   |
-                      _Anderson_ |that had plastic skin.    |
-                                 +--------------------------+
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  3. “an experimental plane with |Reference to              |   Site 1
-  dummies in it”[168]            |anthropomorphic dummies.  |
-                       _Kaufman_ +--------------------------+
-
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  4. “I’m sure that was bodies   |Reference to              |   Site 1
-  ... either bodies or           |anthropomorphic dummies.  |
-  dummies.”[169]                 +--------------------------+
-                      _Ragsdale_
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  5. “it was either dummies or   |Reference to              |   Site 1
-  bodies or something laying     |anthropomorphic dummies.  |
-  there.”[170]                   +--------------------------+
-                      _Ragsdale_
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  6. “his eyes was open, staring |Reference to              |   Site 2
-  blankly”[171]                  |anthropomorphic dummy.    |
-                      _Anderson_ +--------------------------+
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  7. “not exactly like human     |Reference to              |   Site 2
-  beings ... similar, but not    |anthropomorphic dummies.  |
-  exactly.”[172]                 +--------------------------+
-                       _Maltais_
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  8. “didn’t look like human     |Reference to              |   Site 2
-  beings”[173]                   |anthropomorphic dummies.  |
-                       _Knight_  +--------------------------+
-
-  9. “they didn’t have a little   Reference to Alderson         Site 2
-  finger”[174]                    Laboratories dummy that
-                      _Anderson_  were reused many times and
-                                  were often damaged but
-                                  remained in service.
-                                  (figs. 35, 73, 75).
-
-  10. “they had four              Corroboration of              Site 2
-  fingers”[175]                   description #9. See above.
-                       _Maltais_
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  11. [the beings were] “three   |Likely description of     |   Site 2
-  and a half to four feet        |anthropomorphic dummy     |
-  tall”[176]                     |missing legs after fall   |
-                       _Maltais_ |from altitude.            |
-                                 +--------------------------+
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  12. [the beings were] “four    |Corroboration of          |   Site 2
-  foot tall, four and a half     |description #11. See      |
-  feet tall.”[177]               |above.                    |
-                      _Anderson_ +--------------------------+
-
-                                 +--------------------------+
-  13. “they weren’t over four or |Corroboration of          |   Site 1
-  five foot long at the          |description #11. See      |
-  most.”[178]                    |above.                    |
-                      _Ragsdale_ +--------------------------+
-
-  14. “Their skin coloration ...  Probable description of a     Site 2
-  [was] a bluish tinted milky     “Sierra Sam” dummy with
-  white”[179]                     pale white “skin” (fig. 21).
-                      _Anderson_
-
-  15. “their heads were           Anthropomorphic dummies       Site 2
-  hairless ... no eyebrows,       did not have “hair” (figs.
-  no eyelashes, no hair”[180]     21, 22, 36–38, 40).
-                       _Maltais_
-
-  16. “no hair ... completely     Corroboration of              Site 2
-  bald”[181]                      description #15. See above.
-                      _Anderson_
-
-  17. “no visible ears ... just   Dummies had ears that were    Site 2
-  a rise there and then a         molded to their heads with
-  hole”[182]                      openings for placement of
-                      _Anderson_  instruments (fig. 22).
-
-  18. “The hands were not         Reference to Alderson dummy   Site 2
-  covered”[183]                   which did not have gloves on
-                       _Maltais_  hands (figs. 35, 73–75).
-
-  19. “they were all wearing one  Reference to gray flight      Site 2
-  piece suits ... a shiny         suits worn by the dummies
-  silverish gray color”[184]      for some of the tests (figs.
-                      _Anderson_  14, 29, 30).
-
-  20. “Their clothing seemed to   Corroboration of description  Site 2
-  be one piece and gray in        #19. See above.
-  color.”[185]
-                       _Maltais_
-
-  21. “It’s uniform was torn in   Dummy uniforms were often     Site 2
-  a couple spots ... their        secondhand, rips and other
-  uniforms were in pretty sad     defects were common but
-  shape.”[186]                    they remained in service
-                      _Anderson_  (fig. 75).
-
-  22. “Around the collar it [the  Reference to red duct tape    Site 2
-  suit] was trimmed in ...        used to prevent air from
-  maroon-like cording”[187]       filling the dummy’s
-                      _Anderson_  flightsuit (figs. 29, 30).
-
-  23. “They looked like they      Reference to tape and nylon   Site 2
-  had some sort of bandages       webbing used to prevent
-  on ’em ... over his [the        arms and legs of dummy
-  crewmember’s] arm.”[188]        from flailing. Tape was also
-                      _Anderson_  used to secure the removable
-                                  back plate of head (figs. 29,
-                                  30, 35, 72–75).
-
-  24. [bandages] “around his      Reference to parachute        Site 2
-  midsection and partially over   harness that had chest and
-  his shoulder”[189]              shoulder straps.
-                      _Anderson_
-
-  =The “Craft”=
-
-  25. “It [the crewmember] felt   Description of a high         Site 2
-  dead when I touched it, it was  altitude balloon payload that
-  very cold.”[190]                was cold soaked at sub zero
-                      _Anderson_  temperatures of the upper
-                                  atmosphere.
-
-  26. “it was a dirigible, a      Reference to a partially      Site 2
-  that had crashed”[191]          inflated or deflated high
-  blimp                           altitude balloon (figs. 23,
-                      _Anderson_  70).
-
-  27. “a flying saucer that had   Reference to the dummy        Site 2
-  burst open”[192]                suspension rack that did not
-                       _Maltais_  have sides (figs. 35, 73–75).
-
-  28. “clusters of thread-like    Numerous cables and wires     Site 2
-  material in the form of a       were used in the dummy
-  cable”[193]                     instrumentation kits and
-                      _Anderson_  balloon control package.
-
-  29. “others of those [cables]   Both balloon control package  Site 2
-  went from one kind of package   and dummy instrumentation
-  of components to another kind   kits were connected by cables
-  of package”[194]                (fig. 73).
-                       _Anderson_
-
-  30. “some kind of container,    Reference to balloon control  Site 2
-  a metal box”[195]               package or dummy
-                      _Anderson_  instrumentation kit (fig. 73).
-
-  31. “it was ice cold, it felt   Condition of a balloon        Site 2
-  like it just came out of a      payload after it has been
-  freezer”[196]                   “cold soaked” in the upper
-                      _Anderson_  atmosphere at temperatures
-                                  far below zero.
-
-  =Vehicles=
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  32. a “jeep-like truck that had |Reference to a modified   |   Site 2
-  a bunch of radios in it and two |M-37 ¾-ton utility        |
-  big antennas.... There was a    |truck commonly referred to|
-  guy sittin’ in there wearin’    |as a weapons carrier,     |
-  earphones and he was talking    |unique to the Balloon     |
-  on the radio.”[197]             |Branch. One of the primary|
-                       _Anderson_ |vehicles used by recovery |
-                                  |crews. Balloons were      |
-                                  |tracked by direction      |
-                                  |finding gear and required |
-                                  |a radio operator to wear  |
-                                  |headphones (fig. 32).     |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  33. “weapons carriers”[198]     |Corroboration of          |   Site 1
-                       _Ragsdale_ |description #32. See      |
-                                  |above.                    |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  34. “six by six Army            |Reference to M-35         |   Site 1
-  trucks”[199]                    |2½-ton cargo truck used   |
-                       _Ragsdale_ |to transport dummies and  |
-                                  |suspension racks for      |
-                                  |launch and recoveries     |
-                                  |(fig. 31).                |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  35. “six by [six] ... military  |Corroboration of          |   Site 2
-  truck with canvas ... wagon     |description #34. See      |
-  type ... thing over it”[200]    |above.                    |
-                       _Anderson_ +--------------------------+
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  36. “wreckers [with] cranes     |Reference to M-246 wrecker|   Site 2
-  on ’em”[201]                    |used to launch and recover|
-                       _Anderson_ |anthropomorphic dummy     |
-                                  |payloads (figs. 23, 28,   |
-                                  |70).                      |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  37. “a wrecker”[202]            |Corroboration of          |   Site 1
-                       _Ragsdale_ |description #36. See      |
-                                  |above.                    |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-  38. “there was military          Reference to a converted      Site 2
-  ambulances”[203]                 M-43 ambulances used as
-                       _Anderson_  balloon recovery
-                                   communications vehicles
-                                   (figs. 64, 71, 80).
-
-  39. “the pick-up”[204]           Pick-up trucks were often     Site 2
-                       _Anderson_  used to recover
-                                   anthropomorphic dummies
-                                   (figs. 71, 79).
-
-  40. “tankers, like, maybe had    Reference to M-49 fuel        Site 2
-  fuel or water in ’em”[205]       trucks used to refuel
-                       _Anderson_  aircraft or helium trailer
-                                   used to inflate balloon
-                                   (figs. 23, 70, 80, 81).
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  41. “a military car”[206]       |A variety of military and |   Site 2
-                       _Anderson_ |civilian cars were often  |
-                                  |used for balloon          |
-                                  |recoveries and launches   |
-                                  |(fig. 71).                |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  42. “’47 Ford car”[207]         |Corroboration of          |   Site 1
-                       _Ragsdale_ |description #41. See      |
-                                  |above.                    |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-  43. “there was a jeep that was   Reference to 1-ton trailer    Site 2
-  pulling a trailer with a motor   and MB-19 15 Kilowatt
-  on it, like a generator.”[208]   diesel generator that were
-                       _Anderson_  used at balloon launch and
-                                   recovery locations (fig.
-                                   71).
-
-  =Aircraft=
-
-  44. “observation aircraft ...    Reference to an L-20          Site 2
-  high winged aircraft”[209]       aircraft, primary “chase”
-                       _Anderson_  aircraft used for balloon
-                                   recovery in the mid 1950s
-                                   (fig. 77).
-
-  45. “C-47 sittin’ there” [on     C-47 aircraft were often      Site 2
-  the road][210]                   used on dummy launch and
-                       _Anderson_  recovery operations (fig.
-                                   78).
-
-  =Procedures=
-
-  46. “The federal government      Reference to balloon borne    Site 1
-  could have been doing            anthropomorphic dummies
-  something because they didn’t    that were dropped by remote
-  want anyone to know what this    control by balloon
-  was ... they was using dummies   controllers at Holloman AFB
-  in those damned things ... they
-  could use remote control”[211]
-                       _Ragsdale_
-
-  47. “they took everybody’s       Procedure used by Balloon     Site 2
-  name and everything”[212]        Branch to ensure payment
-                       _Anderson_  of $25 reward and to settle
-                                   claims of property damage.
-
-  48. “they cleaned everything all Balloon Branch personnel      Site 1
-  up ... I mean they cleaned       were required to remove as
-  everything”[213]                 much debris as possible from
-                       _Ragsdale_  balloon and payload landing
-                                   areas to avoid complaints
-                                   and legal actions.
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  49. “they had the road          |Procedure used for        |   Site 2
-  barricaded off”[214]            |aircraft operations.      |
-                       _Anderson_ +--------------------------+
-
-                                  +--------------------------+
-  50. “they had the road          |Corroboration of          |   Site 1
-  sealed off”[215]                |description #49. See      |
-                       _Ragsdale_ |above.                    |
-                                  +--------------------------+
-
-  51. “airplanes sitting there     Established procedure to      Site 2
-  they had landed on the           refuel an aircraft, launch
-  highway”[216]                    a balloon from an isolated
-                      _Anderson_   location or recover a
-                                   small payload near a rural
-                                   road.
-
-  52. “there was airplanes in      Reference to balloon          Site 2
-  the sky” [over the crash         “chase” aircraft used to
-  site].[217]                      direct ground recovery crews
-                      _Anderson_   to balloon impact site.
-
-  53. “stretching out cables of    Reference to balloon          Site 2
-  some kind ... they were          inflation procedure that
-  stretching stuff out on the      required the balloon and
-  ground, dragging stuff out of    ground cloth to be removed
-  trucks”[218]                     from a vehicle and laid on
-                       _Anderson_  the ground (fig. 79).
-*/
-
-
-
-
-                              SECTION TWO
-
-             Reports of Bodies at the Roswell AAF Hospital
-
-
-This section examines the remaining portion of the Roswell Incident
-claims--the reports of “bodies” at the Roswell AAF hospital.
-Examinations of the various “crashed saucer” scenarios revealed
-references to the Roswell AAF hospital appeared in virtually all of
-them. Most of these were based on the account of one individual, W.
-Glenn Dennis. His undocumented and uncorroborated recollections,
-reportedly first related in 1989, over 42 years after the alleged
-Roswell Incident, are based on activities he allegedly encountered as
-a mortician providing contract services to the Roswell AAF hospital.
-Dennis’ recollections have, in turn, been interpreted by UFO theorists
-as evidence that the U.S. Army Air Forces recovered “alien” bodies and
-autopsied them at the Roswell AAF hospital in July 1947.
-
-Dennis has been described as the “star witness” and his claims as the
-most credible of the Roswell Incident.[1] This, even though his most
-sensational assertions were not based on his own experiences but on
-information allegedly related to him by unidentified mystery witnesses.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 1. The International UFO Museum and Research
-  Center in Roswell, N.M. ]
-
-The mystery witnesses were allegedly an Army Air Forces nurse and a
-pediatrician both assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital in 1947.[2] To
-casual observers, this account, which contains references to actual
-U.S. Army Air Forces and U.S. Air Force personnel and activities,
-appears to have a ring of authenticity. However, when examined closely
-by Air Force researchers, the dates of events, the events themselves,
-and the people described as having participated in them, were found to
-be grossly inaccurate and totally unrelated to activities of July 1947.
-
-
-The Account
-
-The following is a summary of information provided by W. Glenn Dennis,
-who claimed he was a 22-year-old mortician at the Ballard Funeral Home
-in Roswell in July 1947, when he alleged these events occurred.[*]
-
-  [*] Excerpts of interviews contained in this summary were taken
-  from audio or video recordings made by persons referenced in the
-  appropriate endnote. The sole exception is the interview conducted
-  by Stanton T. Friedman on August 5, 1989. Quotations from this
-  interview were taken from a transcript which is reportedly an
-  accurate representation of the interview. Friedman has not honored
-  repeated requests for an audio recording.
-
-On July 7, 1947, Dennis alleged he received a series of phone calls at
-the Ballard Funeral Home, where he worked, from the Mortuary Affairs
-officer at Roswell Army Air Field. He recalled that the mortuary
-officer inquired as to the availability of child sized caskets and
-procedures for preserving bodies that had been “laying out in the
-elements.”[3] Later that day he received an emergency ambulance call
-(the civilian mortuary for which he worked also provided an ambulance
-service) to respond to the site of a minor traffic accident in
-Roswell.[4] The accident victim was an “airman” stationed at Roswell
-AAF, and Dennis transported the airman to the hospital at the base.[5]
-
-As Dennis walked into the hospital he noticed three military box-type
-ambulances, one or more of which contained what appeared to be
-“wreckage.”[6] He described the wreckage as being inscribed with odd
-markings or symbols and bluish-purplish in color.[7] He recalled that
-some of this wreckage was resting against the inside wall of the rear
-compartment of the ambulance and two pieces of it “looked kind of like
-the bottom of a canoe.”[8] He described other wreckage on the floor of
-the ambulance as being “all sharp” and as best he could tell “was like
-broken glass.”[9] He also recalled observing Military Policemen (MPs)
-standing at the back of two of these ambulances.[10]
-
-When he went inside the hospital, he encountered a military nurse who
-was assigned there and with whom he was previously acquainted.[11] The
-nurse, who looked upset, was covering her mouth with a cloth and told
-him that “you’re going to get in a lot of trouble” and that he should
-“just get out of here.”[12] Dennis also stated that he encountered
-a military doctor who was assigned to the hospital, a pediatrician,
-with whom he was “pretty good friends” but did not speak with at that
-time.[13]
-
-Having seen the wreckage in the rear of the ambulance and believing
-there had been an accident, he asked another officer in the hospital if
-there had been a plane crash. The officer, whom Dennis had never seen
-before, asked him: “Who in the hell are you?” When he responded he was
-“from the funeral home,” the officer summoned two MPs to escort him
-from the hospital.[14]
-
-However, before Dennis and the two MPs had left the hospital, he
-heard someone say, “We’re not through with that SOB, bring him back
-here.”[15] When Dennis turned around, he observed a redheaded captain
-(in one version of these events Dennis is quoted as describing this
-person as a “big redheaded colonel”[16]) who said, “You did not see
-anything. There was no crash here. You don’t go into town making any
-rumors that you saw anything or that there was any crash ... you could
-get in a lot of trouble.”[17]
-
-Angry about being called an SOB, Dennis informed the redheaded officer
-that he was a civilian, not under his authority, and that he, the
-redheaded officer, “can’t do a damn thing to me.”[18] The redheaded
-officer was alleged to have threatened Dennis by responding “Oh yes we
-can”.... “Somebody will be picking your bones out of the sand”.... “We
-can do anything to you ... that we want to.”[19] A black sergeant, whom
-Dennis recalled had accompanied the redheaded officer, allegedly stated
-he would “make real good dog food.”[20] Following this exchange, Dennis
-claimed he was “picked up ... arm and arm” and escorted back to his
-place of business by two MPs.[21]
-
-The following day, July 8, 1947, Dennis attempted to telephone the
-nurse he had seen in the hall at the hospital to find out “what was
-going on.”[22] He stated that he was unable to reach the nurse but did
-reach another nurse, a “Captain Wilson,” who explained to him that the
-nurse he was trying to contact was not on duty, but “Wilson” would give
-her a message to call him.[23] The nurse called Dennis later that same
-day at the funeral home where he worked and agreed to meet with him at
-the officers’ club at Roswell AAF that afternoon.[24]
-
-When the two met, the nurse appeared disturbed and ill.[25] Dennis
-asked her to explain what was going on when they met in the hospital
-the day before. The nurse explained that, in the course of her normal
-duties, she entered an examining room to get some supplies and
-encountered two doctors whom she did not recognize that “supposedly
-were doing a preliminary autopsy” on “three,” “very mangled,” “black,”
-“little bodies.”[26] The doctors requested the nurse remain in the
-room because they needed her assistance.[27] She allegedly explained
-that there was a terrible odor in the room that made both her and the
-doctors ill.[28] Due to this terrible odor and inadequate ventilation,
-the nurse allegedly told Dennis that the autopsies were moved to
-another facility on the base and then “everything” was taken to “Wright
-Field” (now Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio).[29]
-
-The nurse described the little bodies in detail and even provided a
-diagram.[30] She described “little bodies” three to four feet in length
-that had large, “flexible,” heads, and concave eyes and noses.[31]
-
-After this meeting Dennis claimed he never saw the nurse again, and he
-was told she had been shipped out the same afternoon (July 8, 1947)
-or the next day (July 9, 1947).[32] However, some time later Dennis
-received a letter from the nurse that indicated she was in London,
-England.[33] Dennis stated that he tried to respond to the nurse, but
-his letter was returned stamped “return to sender” and “deceased.”[34]
-After receiving this letter, he inquired at the base about the nurse
-and was told by “Captain Wilson” that she didn’t know where the nurse
-was, but there was a rumor that she and several other nurses had been
-killed in a plane crash while on a training mission.[35]
-
-Some years later, Dennis stated that he visited the unidentified
-military pediatrician he had seen at the hospital.[36] The pediatrician
-had since left the military and set up practice in Farmington, N.M.[37]
-Dennis said he and the pediatrician discussed the incident of years
-past but was stopped short when the pediatrician told him that he was
-consulted regarding this incident, but that “it was completely out of
-[his] field of medicine,” then ended the discussion.[38]
-
-Based on this account, UFO theorists have presented the following
-assertions:
-
-  =a.= Dennis, the “missing” nurse, and the unidentified pediatrician
-  inadvertently stumbled onto the highly classified autopsies of
-  alien bodies at Roswell AAF hospital in July 1947.
-
-  =b.= The two mysterious doctors at the hospital were sent
-  to Roswell AAF from a higher headquarters to conduct the
-  autopsies after which the bodies were transported to what is now
-  Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
-
-  =c.= The bluish-purplish wreckage that looked like the bottom of
-  a canoe in the rear of the ambulance, were “escape pods” from a
-  flying saucer flown by the aliens that crashed in the Roswell area.
-
-  =d.= Dennis was forcibly removed from the hospital and threatened
-  with death by the redheaded officer because he had witnessed some
-  of these activities.
-
-  =e.= The nurse was kidnapped, possibly murdered, and all records
-  that she ever existed were systematically destroyed by government
-  agents, also because she witnessed these activities.
-
-As in other accounts examined in this report, the episodes described
-here became part of the Roswell Incident only because the witness
-claimed they occurred at a very specific time, July 7–9, 1947. These
-dates coincide with an actual event: the retrieval of experimental
-Project MOGUL research equipment that was erroneously reported as
-a flying disc (see Section One).[39] If the events described here
-occurred at any other time—years, months, weeks, or even days before or
-after July 7–9, 1947—they might be considered unusual to an uninformed
-person, but certainly not part of the Roswell Incident.
-
-Air Force research revealed that the witness made serious errors
-in his recollections of events. When his account was compared with
-official records of the actual events he is believed to have described,
-extensive inaccuracies were indicated including a likely error in the
-date by as much as 12 years.
-
-
-
-
-                                  2.1
-
-               The “Missing” Nurse and the Pediatrician
-
-
-To illustrate the errors in this account and to identify actual events,
-the following section will examine the accounts of the missing nurse
-and the unidentified pediatrician. Both of these persons were allegedly
-present at the Roswell AAF hospital when the events described by the
-witness occurred.
-
-
-The “Missing” Nurse
-
-Dennis recalled that the nurse was quickly and suspiciously shipped out
-either the same day or the day after he met with her in the Roswell
-AAF Officers’ Club. If this allegation was true, it certainly seemed
-unusual—and verifiable. Therefore, the morning reports, the certified
-daily personnel accounting records required to be kept by all Army Air
-Forces units at that time, were obtained and reviewed. These reports
-did not indicate that a nurse or any other person was reassigned on
-the days alleged, July 8 or July 9, 1947.[40] The morning reports of
-the 427th Army Air Forces Base Unit (AAFBU) Squadron “M,” the unit
-that all the medical personnel at Roswell AAF were assigned in July
-1947, did not indicate a sudden or overseas transfer of a nurse or
-any other person. Records indicated that one nurse was reassigned on
-July 23, 1947, over two weeks after the purported events described by
-Dennis.[41] That nurse was transferred by normal personnel rotation
-procedures to Ft. Worth AAF (now Carswell AFB), Texas, where she
-remained on active duty until March 1949.[42] In fact, the Squadron “M”
-morning reports revealed the strength of the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) at
-Roswell AAF for July 1947 was only five nurses. Of these five nurses
-none were transferred overseas or killed in a plane crash—the “rumored”
-fate of the missing nurse.[43]
-
-This review of the hospital morning reports also indicated that the
-name of the missing nurse provided by the witness was inaccurate. The
-witness stated in several interviews that he believed the nurse’s name
-was Naomi Maria Selff.[44] A comprehensive search of morning reports
-and rosters from the Roswell AAF Station Hospital indicated that no
-person by this name, or a similar name, had ever served there. This
-finding was supported by a search of personnel records at the National
-Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in St. Louis, Mo., a part of the
-National Archives and Record Administration. NPRC is the depository for
-all U.S. military personnel records. The search at NPRC also did not
-find a record that a person named Naomi Maria Selff had ever served in
-any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces.
-
-These findings were consistent with previous efforts of several
-pro-UFO researchers who have also attempted to locate this nurse or
-members of her family. They, likewise, were also unable to confirm
-her existence.[45] While some UFO theorists continue to allege that
-this absence of records regarding a nurse by this name is part of a
-conspiracy to withhold information, the most likely reason for the lack
-of records is that this name is inaccurate.[*]
-
-  [*] Interestingly, an article published in the Fall 1995 edition
-  of _Omni_ magazine, a publication that in the past has published
-  sensational “Roswell” claims, also independently accounted for all
-  five of the nurses and expressed a decidedly skeptical opinion of
-  the account of the “missing nurse.”
-
-Even though the name of the nurse is incorrect, it appears that a nurse
-assigned to the Roswell AAF Station Hospital in 1947 may have been the
-basis for the claims. Eileen Mae Fanton was the only nurse of the five
-assigned to Roswell AAF in July 1947, whose personal circumstances and
-physical attributes not only resembled those of the missing nurse, but
-appeared to be nearly an exact match.
-
-
-The “Missing Nurse?”
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 2. Eileen M. Fanton (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  1st Lt. Eileen M. Fanton was assigned to the Roswell Army Air
-  Field Station Hospital from December 26, 1946 until September 4,
-  1947.[46] Fanton, who is deceased, was retired from the U.S. Air
-  Force at the rank of Captain on April 30, 1955, for a physical
-  disability.[47]
-
-  In this account, the missing nurse is described as single, “real
-  cute, like a small Audrey Hepburn, with short black hair, dark
-  eyes and olive skin.”[48] Lieutenant Fanton was single in 1947,
-  5′1″ tall, weighed 100 pounds, had black hair, dark eyes, and was
-  of Italian descent.[49] Dennis also stated that the nurse was of
-  the Catholic faith, and had been “strictly raised” according to
-  Catholic beliefs.[50] Fanton’s personnel record listed her as Roman
-  Catholic, a graduate of St. Catherine’s Academy in Springfield,
-  Ky. and as having received her nursing certification from St. Mary
-  Elizabeth’s Hospital in Louisville, Ky.[51]
-
-  The witness also recalled that the “missing nurse” was a
-  lieutenant, was a general nurse at the hospital, and had sent him
-  correspondence at a later date which stated she was in London,
-  England with a New York, N.Y. APO number (military overseas mailing
-  address) as the return address.[52] Records revealed that Fanton
-  was a First Lieutenant (promoted from Second Lieutenant to First
-  Lieutenant in June 1947), and she was classified as a “nurse,
-  general duty.”[53] Records also indicated that of the five nurses
-  assigned to the Roswell AAF Station Hospital in July 1947, she
-  was the only one that later served a tour of duty in England.
-  Furthermore, she was assigned to the 7510th USAF Hospital, APO
-  240, New York, N.Y., where she served from June 1952 until April
-  1955.[54]  The 7510th USAF Hospital was located approximately 45
-  miles north of London at Wimpole Park, Cambridge, England.
-
-  An additional similarity between Fanton and the “missing nurse”
-  is that her personnel record indicated that she quickly departed
-  Roswell AAF and it is probable that the hospital staff would not
-  have provided information concerning her departure. Fanton’s
-  unannounced departure from Roswell AAF, on September 4, 1947 was
-  to be admitted to Brooke General Hospital, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas,
-  for a medical condition.[55] This condition was first diagnosed
-  in January 1946 and ultimately led to her medical retirement
-  in 1955.[56] Therefore, if someone other than a family member
-  contacted the Station Hospital at Roswell AAF and inquired about
-  Fanton, as Dennis stated he did, the staff was simply protecting
-  her privacy as a patient. The staff was not participating in a
-  sinister “cover-up” of information as alleged by UFO theorists.
-
-
-The Pediatrician
-
-In at least two interviews, the witness stated that a pediatrician
-stationed at the hospital was involved in the events he described.[57]
-When asked by an interviewer how he knew the pediatrician was
-involved, Dennis was quoted as replying, “I know he was involved
-because I saw him there.”[58] Dennis is also quoted as saying that
-he and the pediatrician were “pretty good friends,” and after the
-pediatrician left the military he [the pediatrician] set up a practice
-in Farmington, N.M. “I used to go fishing all the time up north and
-I visited him several times up there and he was involved,” Dennis
-said. “I don’t remember his name, I think he is still practicing in
-Farmington.”[59]
-
-A review of personnel files and interviews with former members of the
-Roswell AAF/Walker AFB hospital staff, revealed that only one physician
-ever relocated to Farmington, N.M. following his military service. The
-former Capt. Frank B. Nordstrom served at Walker AFB from June 1951
-until June 1953.[60] Records also revealed that Nordstrom was indeed a
-pediatrician and while at Walker AFB, served as the Chief of Pediatric
-Services.[61] When Nordstrom, a resident of the small town of Aztec,
-N.M., was interviewed for this report, he stated that he did not recall
-ever meeting Dennis and could not recall any events that supported any
-of his claims (see signed sworn statement in Appendix B).[62]
-
-Farmington (population 8,000 in 1954) is located in the primarily
-rural Four Corners region of New Mexico approximately 300 miles
-northwest of Roswell. According to Nordstrom, Farmington did not have a
-pediatrician before his arrival in 1954. From 1954 until approximately
-1970, Nordstrom believes he was the only pediatrician in the area. His
-recollections were confirmed by a local Farmington pharmacist, Charles
-E. Clouthier.[63] Clouthier also served at the Walker AFB hospital,
-from 1955 to 1957, and following his military service returned to
-Farmington, his hometown, where he had lived since 1934. Clouthier has
-been employed by and co-owned a business, Farmington Drug, since 1957.
-He is familiar with most, if not all, of the doctors who practice
-in Farmington and the Four Corners region of New Mexico. Clouthier’s
-confirmation that Nordstrom was the first pediatrician to practice
-in the Farmington area, was based on both his frequent professional
-contacts with local physicians and his experiences as a longtime
-Farmington resident.[64]
-
-Although Nordstrom believed that he was the pediatrician described, he
-was at a loss to explain how Dennis gained information concerning his
-military and civilian employment history. In a signed sworn statement,
-Nordstrom stated that he did not recall ever meeting Dennis and had
-certainly never been visited by Dennis as he has claimed. One possible
-source of the information is that from approximately 1958 until
-approximately 1961 Dennis operated a drugstore in Aztec, N.M., a small
-town near Farmington where Nordstrom resides (interestingly Aztec is
-the location of the original “crashed flying saucer” story, see below).
-However, Nordstrom also did not recall any contact with Dennis in his
-capacity as a drugstore operator.
-
-
-                     Behind the Roswell Incident?
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 3. Story by J.P. Cahn, that appeared in the
-  August 1956, _True_ magazine.]
-
-  The “Roswell Incident” story is hardly original. In 1948, a work
-  of fiction reportedly appeared in the _Aztec_ (N.M.) _Independent
-  Review_ describing the crash of a flying saucer with “little
-  men” near Aztec, N.M. In 1950, Frank Scully, a columnist for
-  the theatrical publication _Variety_, published a book, _Behind
-  the Flying Saucers_, which proclaimed the story to be true.[65]
-  Based on the Aztec story, _Behind the Flying Saucers_ bears many
-  similarities to the Roswell Incident, most notably, descriptions
-  of covert “flying saucer” and “little men” recoveries interspersed
-  with doses of unsubstantiated accusations directed at the U.S. Air
-  Force.[66]
-
-  In his book, Scully claimed he had information from two scientists,
-  Silas M. Newton and a mysterious “Dr. Gee,” who he claimed
-  investigated the crash for the government.[67] In reality,
-  Newton and Gee were con-men who convinced Scully of the story’s
-  authenticity.[68]
-
-  Intrigued by the sensational claims made in _Behind the Flying
-  Saucers_, a reporter for the _San Francisco Chronicle_, J. P. Cahn,
-  decided to look into the matter. What resulted from Cahn’s research
-  were articles in the September 1952 and August 1956 edition of
-  _True_ magazine which determined that the story was as “phony as a
-  headwaiters bow and smile.”[69]
-
-  Cahn, with the assistance of a magician, devised a plan to “sting”
-  the two con-men.[70] To execute the sting, he used sleight of
-  hand switching an “indestructible” metal disk, claimed to be
-  from a flying saucer, with a slug of his own manufacture. After
-  the switch, Cahn submitted the disk to a laboratory for analysis
-  revealing that they were of earthly origin, in particular, a grade
-  of aluminum used to manufacture pots and pans![71]
-
-  Even with the exposure of this obvious fraud, the Aztec story is
-  still revered by UFO theorists. Elements of this story occasionally
-  reemerge and are thought to be the catalyst for other crashed
-  flying saucer stories, including the Roswell Incident.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 4. September 1952 _True_ magazine story that
-  exposed the Aztec, N.M. hoax.]
-
-
-Descriptions of Other Air Force Members
-
-Since official records proved that none of the nurses at Roswell AAF
-in July 1947 were missing, and the nurse and pediatrician described
-in this account had been identified, major discrepancies between
-Dennis’ recollections and official records were apparent. In an effort
-to provide for the fullest possible accounting of these claims, even
-though key aspects had already been proven false, Air Force researchers
-sought additional information to determine if there was validity to
-_any_ portion of the account. Since the witness has never provided
-documentation to support his claims, the only source of additional
-information was the numerous interviews he had previously provided to
-private researchers and the media. His many statements, which have
-appeared in newspapers, videos, magazines, movies, books, lectures,
-journals and television programs, were reviewed for information that
-might further explain his testimony.
-
-Examination of this large body of publicly available information
-immediately provided clues that the witness may have recalled
-incidents from a period other than July 1947. The first clue was that
-he repeatedly, in all of the interviews, referred to the injured
-military person he allegedly transported to the Roswell AAF hospital
-as an airman. The rank of airman was not in existence in 1947. It
-was implemented on April 1, 1952.[72] Prior to that date an airman
-in the Air Force was referred to by the U.S. Army equivalent, a
-private. Another possible indication that he recalled events from a
-different time was the description of an alleged “black sergeant” that
-accompanied the redheaded officer at the hospital. The pairing of a
-white officer with a black NCO seemed unlikely since in 1947 the U.S.
-Army Air Forces was racially segregated, as were all branches of the
-armed forces. The U.S. Air Force did not begin racial integration until
-the May 11, 1949 issuance of Air Force Letter 35-3 that formally ended
-segregation.[73] Though it was not impossible in 1947 for a black NCO
-to accompany and seem to be working with a white officer, it would be
-unlikely. These two discrepancies did not provide a firm time frame of
-actual events, if any occurred at all.
-
-To approximate a time frame for actual events, the specific details
-of the information provided were examined. This examination was to
-determine if any military members were identified by name or by a
-combination of any other distinguishing characteristics such as rank,
-position, age, or physical attributes. If the testimony identified
-a military member as having been present for an event, then their
-personnel record could be used to affix an approximate date. Affixing
-a date of an event by referencing personnel records was possible since
-each military member’s personnel file contains a physical description
-and chronological listing of duty stations, units of assignment, and
-work assignments for his/her entire military career.
-
-This detailed examination revealed several likely references to
-specific individuals, which through their personnel files, were
-documented as having been assigned to the hospital at Roswell AAF or
-Walker AFB (Roswell AAF was renamed Walker AFB in January 1948).
-
-=The “Big Redheaded Colonel.”= An indication that Dennis might have
-mistaken the date of actual events was that he was quoted in at least
-one book as having said that the officer who threatened him in the
-hospital was a big redheaded colonel.[74] Research revealed that only
-one tall colonel with red hair was known to have been assigned to the
-Walker AFB hospital. Colonel Lee F. Ferrell was the hospital commander
-from October 1954 until June 1960.[75] Ferrell was 6′1″ tall and had
-red hair.[76]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 5. Col. Lee F. Ferrell (_left_), was commander
-  of the Walker AFB hospital from 1954–1960. In this photo Ferrell
-  escorts U.S. Senator Dennis Chavez (N.M.) on a tour of the new
-  Walker AFB hospital in June 1960, which was named in honor of the
-  senator. (_U.S. Air Force photo_) ]
-
-“=Captain ‘Slatts’ Wilson.=” In at least two interviews Dennis
-repeatedly made reference to a nurse named “Captain Wilson.”[77] He
-recalled that “Captain Wilson”, who he believed was the head nurse, was
-another nurse stationed at the Roswell AAF hospital in July 1947.[78]
-Dennis claims he spoke to “Captain Wilson” several times in reference
-to the alleged missing nurse.[79]
-
-He claims that on the day after he met with the missing nurse at the
-Roswell AAF Officers’ Club, he attempted to contact her by telephone
-at the hospital but was told that she wasn’t on duty.[80] Instead, he
-spoke with “Captain Wilson.” “I called the station I knew she [the
-missing nurse] always worked at,” Dennis said, “She was a general
-nurse.... I was informed that she wasn’t working that day. [Dennis
-then telephoned] An old girl by the name of Wilson, Captain Wilson,
-and I asked her ‘what happened’? She said, ‘Glenn, I don’t know what
-happened, she’s not on duty.’ She said she’d try to get word to her
-[the missing nurse] that you [Dennis] want to talk to her.”[81] Later
-in the same interview Dennis further described Wilson. “We called
-her ‘Slatts’ Wilson who was a big tall nurse about six foot two or
-three—big tall skinny gal—and we called her ‘Slatts’—everybody called
-her ‘Slatts.’ She’s the one who told me she heard there was a plane
-crash and the nurses went down on a training mission.”[82]
-
-The testimony appeared to clearly identify by name, rank, position,
-physical attributes and by a distinctive nickname, “Slatts,” another
-nurse present at the hospital in July 1947. But a review of the morning
-reports of the Roswell AAF hospital for July 1947 did not contain the
-name of a nurse, or anyone else, named Wilson.[83] The only female
-captain assigned to the Roswell AAF Hospital in July 1947 was the
-Chief Nurse Capt. Joyce Goddard.[84] Goddard, who was 5′6″ tall, was
-transferred from Roswell AAF to Korea on August 21, 1947.[85]
-
-Therefore, according to Dennis’ recollection of events, this review of
-the morning reports indicated that there were two missing nurses, not
-one—“Lieutenant Naomi Selff” and “Captain ‘Slatts’ Wilson.” Further
-scrutiny of personnel records of individuals assigned to the Roswell
-AAF/Walker AFB hospital indicated that Dennis’ recollections of events
-were apparently inaccurate.
-
-Examination of the August 1947 morning reports did not list a nurse
-named Wilson, but they _did_ list a nurse named Slattery.[86] Captain
-Lucille C. Slattery, who retired as a Lieutenant Colonel and is now
-deceased, was reassigned from Ft. George Wright, Wash. to Roswell AAF
-on August 7, 1947.[87]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 6. Lt. Col. Lucille C. Slattery, the only Air
-  Force nurse ever known as “Slatts,” served as a captain at the
-  Roswell AAF/Walker AFB hospital from August 1947 to September 1950.
-  Records indicate that Slattery did not arrive at Roswell AAF until
-  one month _after_ the “Roswell Incident,” in direct contradiction
-  to statements made by the sole witness to this account. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-Slattery replaced Goddard as the Chief Nurse and was the only female
-captain assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital. Interviews of persons
-with longtime professional and personal associations with Slattery,
-revealed that she was known by the unusual nickname of Slatts.[88]
-Additionally, former associates of Slattery interviewed for this
-report, recalled that she was the only Air Force nurse that had ever
-been known as Slatts.[89] Persons interviewed were Air Force nurses
-who retired in the 1960s, each with more than 20 years of service,
-including retired Air Force Col. Ethel Kovatch-Scott, who served as
-Chief Nurse of the Air Force from 1963 to 1965.
-
-Upon review of Slattery’s personnel file it was learned that she was
-only 5′3″ tall and therefore was most likely not the 6′2″ or 6′3″ “tall
-skinny” nurse described.[90] This discrepancy in physical description
-and the fact that she did not arrive at Roswell AAF until nearly one
-month _after_ Dennis claims he spoke to her, led to the conclusion that
-perhaps he confused Slattery with some other tall thin nurse, possibly
-named Wilson, who was stationed at the Roswell AAF or Walker AFB
-hospital at some other time.
-
-Consequently, a comprehensive review of the morning reports and
-rosters of the Roswell AAF/Walker AFB hospital revealed that only one
-nurse named Wilson had ever served there and she did not arrive until
-February 1956.[91][*] Capt. Idabelle Miller, who became Maj. Idabelle
-Wilson in 1958 due to marriage and a promotion, was assigned to the
-Walker AFB hospital from February 1956 until May 1960.[92]
-
-[*] Records were also searched for names similar to Wilson. Three
-nurses stationed at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB were identified: Martha
-Wasem, Carol Williams, and Chalma Walker. None of these nurses physical
-descriptions or personal/professional circumstances were similar to the
-descriptions of “Captain Wilson” described by the witness.
-
-Upon review of Maj. Wilson’s personnel file, it was learned that she
-was 5′9″ tall and thin. Also, she served as the Head Nurse of the
-surgical ward at the Walker AFB hospital.[93] Therefore, Wilson’s
-physical attributes, tall and thin, and position as Head Nurse matched
-Dennis’ recollections of “Captain Wilson.” When contacted by Air Force
-researchers, Wilson stated she had no recollection of Dennis, of ever
-having conversations with him, any of the events he described, or of
-a nurse that was missing.[94] She also made it abundantly clear that
-as an Air Force officer and medical professional she would not spread
-a rumor of a plane crash, as Dennis alleged “Captain Wilson” did in
-conversations with him.[95]
-
-
-
-
-          Results of Missing Nurse and Pediatrician Research
-
-Examination of the missing nurse and the pediatrician stories, and
-other facts established by research, provide a foundation for further
-analysis to determine what actual event(s), if any, were responsible
-for these claims. Based on information developed, it appears this
-witness may be mistaken in some of his statements, especially regarding
-the time frame of these events.
-
-The following facts have been established:
-
-  =a.= The only physician who ever relocated to Farmington, N.M.,
-  following his military service at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB was the
-  former Chief of Pediatric Services at the Walker AFB hospital,
-  the former Capt. Frank B. Nordstrom. Further, he did not arrive
-  at Walker AFB until June 1951, four years _after_ the purported
-  Roswell Incident, has no recollection of Dennis, the statements
-  Dennis attributes to him, or of any actual events that explain his
-  account.
-
-  =b.= The only nurse ever assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital
-  (subsequently renamed Walker AFB) named Wilson, was Idabelle
-  Wilson. She served at the Walker AFB hospital from 1956 until 1960
-  and had no recollection of ever meeting or speaking with Dennis or
-  any of the activities he described.
-
-  =c.= Captain Lucille C. Slattery, the only Air Force nurse ever
-  known by the distinctive nickname “Slatts,” _was_ stationed at the
-  Roswell AAF hospital. However, she did not arrive until August 7,
-  1947. This was one month _after_ the Roswell Incident, making it
-  improbable that Dennis spoke with her in early July 1947.
-
-  =d.= There is no record that a nurse named Naomi Maria Selff, was
-  ever assigned to Roswell AAF, Walker AFB, or was ever a member of
-  the U.S. military.
-
-  =e.= All nurses assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital in July 1947,
-  have been accounted for, thereby eliminating any possibility that
-  there was ever a missing nurse.
-
-Since actual Air Force members who served at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB
-hospital were described in this account, the next step was to determine
-if actual events that occurred at the hospital were possibly the source
-of this story. As stated earlier in this report, a thorough examination
-of both classified and unclassified records from 1947 revealed no Army
-Air Forces or U.S. Air Force activities that explained the alleged
-events. Therefore records were reviewed from other time periods, based
-on personnel records of individuals believed to have been identified.
-These persons and the periods when they were assigned to Roswell
-AAF/Walker AFB are listed in Table 2.1.
-
-
-                               Table 2.1
-               Persons Described and Periods of Service
-                       at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB
-
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-        Witness            Actual Individual       Period of Service at
-      Description             Described           Roswell AAF/Walker AFB
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  the “missing” nurse     1st Lt. Eileen M. Fanton  Dec. 1946-Sept. 1947
-
-  “Capt. ‘Slatts’ Wilson” Capt. Lucille C. Slattery Aug. 1947-Sept. 1950
-  (composite of two                    and
-  individuals)            Maj. Idabelle M. Wilson   Feb. 1956-May 1960
-
-  “the pediatrician”      Capt. Frank B. Nordstrom  June 1951-June 1953
-
-  “big redheaded colonel” Col. Lee F. Ferrell       Oct. 1954-June 1960
-
-
-The Research Profile
-
-With the establishment of a possible time frame, research efforts
-paralleled the previous examination in Section One of this report that
-determined high altitude balloons with anthropomorphic dummy payloads
-were responsible for the reports of aliens at the two rural New Mexico
-“crashed saucer” locations. A further review of Air Force activities
-was then made to determine if any were significantly similar to the
-information provided. Based on the time period established by personnel
-records and statements contained in the witness’ own account, the
-following profile of possible events was established:
-
-An event involving the Walker AFB hospital that took place between 1947
-and 1960;
-
-  =a.= that may have resulted in “very mangled,” “black,” “little
-  bodies,” that had a strong “odor” being placed in “body bags”;
-
-  =b.= that may have resulted in two persons not normally assigned to
-  the hospital, believed to be doctors, that were “supposedly doing
-  preliminary autopsies” on the “little bodies”;
-
-  =c.= that may have involved a body with a head that was much larger
-  than normal which was transported to Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio;
-
-  =d.= that may have involved a redheaded captain or a big redheaded
-  colonel;
-
-  =e.= that may have resulted in an ambulance parked in the rear
-  of the hospital containing wreckage with inscriptions, that were
-  bluish-purplish which looked kind of like the bottom of a canoe;
-  and,
-
-  =f.= that may have required a heightened state of security.
-
-
-
-
-                                  2.2
-
-                          Aircraft Accidents
-
-
-The examination of events that involved the Walker AFB hospital that
-may explain reports of bodies was begun by reviewing the most prominent
-possible source, which were aircraft accident(s).[*] A review of
-aircraft accidents from 1947 to 1960 revealed eight fatal accidents
-that involved Walker AFB.
-
-  [*] Other possible explanations such as automobile accidents,
-  house fires, etc., were also examined. However, none of these were
-  determined to be responsible for this account of bodies.
-
-
-                               Table 2.2
-    Fatal Aircraft Accidents by Year in the Vicinity of Walker AFB
-                               1947–1960
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Year       Aircraft         Location of Accident           Number of
-                 Type     (distance from Walker AFB, N.M.)    Fatalities
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  =1947=
-  None
-
-  =1948=
-  8/12/48         B-29           4 miles South                    13
-
-  =1949=
-  5/16/49         C-47           6 miles Northeast                 6
-  12/15/49        B-29           2 miles Northwest                 7
-
-  =1950=
-  6/1/50          KB-29          12 miles East/Southeast           3
-
-  =1951=
-  None
-
-  =1952=
-  None
-
-  =1953=
-  None
-
-  =1954=
-  None
-
-  =1955=
-  6/16/55         T-33           On runway                         2
-  10/3/55         B-47           34 miles West                     2
-
-  =1956=
-  6/26/56         KC-97          8.8 miles South                  11
-
-  =1957=
-  None
-
-  =1958=
-  None
-
-  =1959=
-  None
-
-  =1960=
-  2/3/60          KC-135         On runway and ramp               13
-
-The following three basic criteria were used to narrow research efforts
-to specific accidents for more detailed examinations: were the victims
-burned, resulting in possible descriptions of “black” “little bodies”?;
-were the victims transported to the Walker AFB hospital?; and, were
-the victims autopsied? To facilitate this examination, researchers
-reviewed official accident reports, organizational and base histories,
-individual personnel records of victims, and contemporary newspaper
-accounts of the accidents. Interviews of persons who participated in
-the aftermath of these accidents were also conducted. As a result, only
-one accident met the three criteria, the June 1956 KC-97 accident.
-
-
-                               Table 2.3
-               Analysis of Air Force Aircraft Accidents
-                 by Year in the Vicinity of Walker AFB
-                               1947–1960
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-   Date of     Aircraft                   Fatalities
-   Accident      Type
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-                            Burned?       Taken to WAFB       Autopsied?
-                                            Hospital?
-
-  8/12/48        B-29        Yes[96]          No[97]            No[98]
-
-  5/16/49        C-47        Yes[99]          No[100]           No[101]
-
-  12/15/49       B-29        No[102]          Yes[103]          Yes[104]
-
-  6/1/50         KB-29       No[105]          No[106]           No[107]
-
-  6/16/55        T-33        Yes[108]         No[109]           Yes[110]
-
-  10/3/55        B-47        Yes[111]         No[112]           No[113]
-
-  6/26/56        KC-97       Yes[114]         Yes[115]          Yes[116]
-
-  2/3/60         KC-135      Yes[117]         No[118]           No[119]
-
-Upon detailed review of records of the 1956 accident and interviews
-with persons who participated in the recovery and identification of the
-victims, extensive similarities to the description the witness provided
-were apparent.
-
-
-Fatal KC-97 Aircraft Mishap
-
-In 1956, Walker AFB, N.M. was the home of Strategic Air Command’s 6th
-and 509th Bombardment Wings.[120] Additionally, Walker was home of the
-509th Aerial Refueling Squadron (509th ARS) equipped with the KC-97G
-aircraft.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 7. A KC-97 similar to this of the 509th Aerial
-  Refueling Squadron crashed 8.8 miles south of Walker AFB on June
-  26, 1956 with the loss of 11 lives. Descriptions of the aftermath
-  of this tragedy are believed to be the basis for some of the
-  reports of “bodies” at the Walker AFB hospital. (_U.S. Air Force
-  photo_)]
-
-The accident occurred on June 26, 1956, 8.8 statute miles south of
-Walker AFB.[121] A KC-97G aircraft with 11 crewmen on board, while on
-a refueling training mission, experienced a propeller failure four
-and one half minutes after takeoff.[122] As a result of the propeller
-failure, a propeller blade was believed to have punctured the deck fuel
-tank of the fully loaded tanker causing an intense cabin fire.[123] The
-aircraft was quickly engulfed in flames, spun out of control, and was
-completely destroyed. All 11 Air Force members were killed instantly by
-the fire and impact explosion.[124] Due to the isolated rural impact
-location on property owned by the state of New Mexico, there was
-minimal collateral damage and no fatalities or injuries to persons on
-the ground.[125]
-
-The remains of the crewmen were recovered from the crash site and
-transported by members of the 4036th USAF Hospital (numerical
-designation of the hospital at Walker AFB) to the hospital facility at
-Walker AFB for identification.[126]
-
-On the day following the crash, an identification specialist from
-Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio arrived at the hospital to assist in
-identifying the remains.[127] Part way through the identification
-process, conducted by both the identification specialist and Air
-Force members assigned to the Walker AFB hospital, the identification
-activities were moved to a refrigerated compartment at the Walker AFB
-commissary.[128] This was due to an overpowering odor emitted by the
-burned and fuel-soaked bodies and the lack of proper storage facilities
-at the small base hospital.[129] Also on the day following the crash,
-June 27, 1956, autopsies of three of the victims were accomplished by
-a local Roswell pathologist.[130] These examinations were performed
-at a local funeral home.[131] Upon completion of the identification
-procedures and the postmortem examinations, the remains were shipped to
-the next of kin for burial.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 8. Main entrance of the 4036th USAF hospital
-  at Walker AFB, 1956. Initial identification procedures of the
-  11 aircrewmen killed in the June 26, 1956 KC-97 accident were
-  conducted here before being transferred to another facility on the
-  base with refrigeration capability. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-Comparison of the Account to the KC-97 Mishap
-
-This series of actual events contains extensive similarities to the
-account provided by Dennis. The numerous and extensive similarities
-indicate that some elements of this actual event were most probably
-included in Dennis’ account. This aircraft accident provides an
-explanation for the following elements of the research profile—the very
-mangled, black, little bodies in body bags, the odor, the two strange
-doctors, and the report of a redheaded colonel.
-
-
-                       Aircraft Crashes and UFOs
-
-  Since the first flying saucer story in June 1947, persons have
-  attempted to exploit actual military aircraft accidents to support
-  UFO theories and propagate the flying saucer phenomenon.
-
-  One of the first exploitation attempts involved a fatal August 1,
-  1947 Army Air Forces B-25 accident near Kelso, Wash. Descriptions
-  of this accident, which UFO theorists contend was caused because
-  the aircraft carried parts of a flying saucer, were included in
-  a poorly executed hoax. Nonetheless, it received a considerable
-  amount of attention.
-
-  Another incidence was photographs of an “alien,” supposedly from
-  a 1948 crash of a flying saucer in Mexico. However, when the
-  photographs were examined by Air Force officials, they noticed
-  a pair of government issue, aviator style, sunglasses lying
-  underneath the “alien” body.
-
-  Perhaps the most famous attempt to exploit an actual aircraft
-  accident involved the fatal January 1948 crash of a Kentucky Air
-  National Guard F-51 fighter near Franklin, Ky. Theorists contend
-  the fighter was shot down by a UFO. However, it was determined
-  that this aircraft most probably crashed while observing a newly
-  invented high altitude research balloon thought to be a UFO. The
-  large balloon, which matched eyewitnesses’ descriptions at the
-  time, was released the previous day, and its ground track placed
-  it precisely in the area where the unidentified object was sighted
-  the next day. Regardless, shameless attempts to exploit this
-  event continued as recently as 1995, when the tabloid TV program,
-  _Sightings_, aired and published (_Sightings_, Simon & Schuster,
-  1996, 170–176) a distorted interpretation of this tragedy.
-
-
-=The “Black” “Little Bodies.”= Review of the autopsy protocols of
-the victims of this accident revealed extensive similarities to the
-descriptions of the bodies allegedly described by the missing nurse.
-Dennis related in various interviews that the missing nurse described,
-“... three; very mangled; black; little bodies in body bags.”[132]
-Records of this mishap confirmed that the victims suffered “injuries,
-extreme, multiple.”[133] According to persons who assisted in the
-identification of the remains from this crash, and in compliance with
-Air Force directives in effect at that time, human remains pouches,
-commonly called body bags, were used to recover and transport victims’
-bodies.[134]
-
-Statements made by Dennis described bodies that were “three-and-a-half
-to four feet tall,” and “black” in color.[135] The autopsy protocols
-of two victims described extensive third degree burns and loss of the
-lower extremities.[136] Dennis also described a head of one of the
-bodies that was not rigid but “flexible” and tissues of a body in
-“strings” that looked as if they were “pulled” by predatory animals
-after the crash.[137] An autopsy protocol of a victim described
-“multiple fractures of all bones of the skull” and “partially cooked
-strands of bowel ... over the abdomen and in the chest.”[138]
-Additional similarities between the autopsy protocols and Dennis’
-statements were a detached hand and descriptions of the fingers and
-arms of the crash victims.[139]
-
-The autopsy protocol of one victim also described remains with a “face
-completely missing.”[140] This description corresponds with Dennis’
-recollections of a body with eyes and nose that were concave. Also,
-the drawing of the head of one of the “little bodies” Dennis claims
-is representative of a drawing given to him by the missing nurse is
-a reasonably accurate representation of a human body with its face
-completely missing.[141]
-
-Another similarity to Dennis’ account is that of the 11 victims of this
-accident, only three were autopsied—the same number of bodies that
-were allegedly autopsied in the missing nurse’s account.[142] Finally,
-records revealed that due to limited facilities at the Walker AFB
-hospital, the autopsies were performed at the Ballard Funeral Home in
-Roswell.[143] This is the same funeral home where Dennis claimed to be
-employed in 1947 until 1962.[144][*]
-
-  [*] It is unclear when Dennis worked at this funeral home since
-  city and phone directories listed him as co-owning a different
-  funeral home in Roswell, as vice-president of another funeral home
-  in Roswell, and as having been employed as a drug store supervisor
-  and oil field worker during the periods when he claims he worked at
-  the Ballard Funeral Home.
-
-=The Odor.= Transportation of remains to a small base hospital was
-unusual since the hospital did not have the necessary facilities—a
-preparation room, refrigeration equipment or a morgue, to accommodate
-multiple deceased persons. Records of other crashes involving Walker
-AFB showed that the remains of crash victims were transported either to
-another facility on Walker AFB or directly to a local funeral home.[145]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 9. Three of the 11 Air Force members killed
-  in the June 26, 1956 KC-97 accident were autopsied at the Ballard
-  Funeral Home in Roswell. The actual descriptions of the remains
-  (only three were autopsied), closely corresponds with Dennis’
-  descriptions regarding the “little bodies.” Additionally, this is
-  the same funeral home where Dennis claimed to be employed from 1947
-  until 1962.]
-
-In fact, the Air Force manual that prescribed the policies, standards
-and procedures relating to the care and disposition of deceased Air
-Force personnel in effect in 1956, Air Force Manual 143-1, _Mortuary
-Affairs_, did not direct that remains be brought to a hospital. It
-encouraged the local commander to “improvise facilities” and make
-use of “garages, warehouses, large tents, or other facilities for
-processing groups of remains.”[146] Nonetheless, records of the June
-1956 crash and interviews with the persons who processed the remains
-indicated that the victims were brought from the crash site to the
-Walker AFB hospital.[147] During the identification procedures, the
-odor became too strong and the bodies and the identification activities
-were moved to a refrigerated compartment at the base commissary.[148]
-
-Interviewed for this report were the registrar of the hospital, 1st
-Lt. Jack Whenry (now a retired Major) and a medical administration
-specialist assigned to the registrar, SSgt. John Walter (now a
-retired Master Sergeant), both of whom assisted in the processing and
-identification of the deceased aircrewmen. Whenry and Walter both
-recalled the strong odor, that some persons became ill during the
-procedures (as did the alleged missing nurse), and the unusual transfer
-of the remains to the Walker AFB commissary (the nurse also allegedly
-described the transfer of remains to another building on the base).
-However, neither recalled that a nurse was missing or any of the other
-activities as described by Dennis.[149]
-
-=The “Big Redheaded Colonel.”= The big redheaded colonel is a likely
-reference to the hospital commander, Col. Lee F. Ferrell, who was
-6′1″ tall and had red hair. Ferrell served at the Walker AFB hospital
-from 1954 until 1960.[150] It would not be unusual for the hospital
-commander to be present at the hospital following a major aircraft
-accident.
-
-=The Two Mysterious “Doctors.”= The two doctors not assigned to the
-Walker AFB hospital who were allegedly observed at the hospital
-performing preliminary autopsies have been identified as an Air Force
-civilian identification specialist and a local Roswell pathologist.
-
-=_Identification Specialist._= In an aircraft mishap involving multiple
-fatalities, identification of victims can go beyond the capabilities
-of a small Air Force hospital such as the one at Walker AFB. Beginning
-in July 1951, the Air Force Memorial Affairs Branch, now called Air
-Force Mortuary Services, employed full-time civilian morticians and
-funeral directors, known as identification specialists, to assist Air
-Force installations in the identification of deceased persons.[151]
-When requested by the local commander, the identification specialists,
-on a 24-hour standby basis, responded from Wright-Patterson AFB to the
-location of an incident.[152] Records confirm that Walker AFB only
-requested an identification specialist on two occasions, in October
-1955 and to identity the victims of the June 1956 crash.[153] For this
-accident the identification specialist arrived at Walker AFB on June
-27, 1956 and made positive identifications of the 11 crewmen on June
-28, 1956.[154]
-
-When contacted for this report, the retired identification specialist
-who responded to this accident, Mr. George Schwaderer, did not have
-any recollections of Dennis, the nurse, the pediatrician, or any of
-the other unusual activities as alleged.[155] Schwaderer did recall
-that on identifications of group remains such as this, it was typical
-to wear standard hospital surgical gowns and masks and that he was
-often mistaken for a pathologist.[156]
-
-Due to restrictions on the release of information concerning the
-identification process, uninformed individuals who may, by chance, have
-witnessed some portions of the identification, were often the source
-of a considerable amount of speculation. The identification procedures
-employed by the identification specialists were not classified, but
-AFM-143-1, _Mortuary Affairs_, directed that “no information will be
-divulged concerning identification or shipment of any remains until a
-final determination of identity has been resolved for all remains.”[157]
-
-For this accident, identification took approximately two days and any
-releases of information were restricted to individuals with an official
-requirement. These restrictions extended, not only to the general
-public, but also to Air Force members.
-
-A possible reference to the identification specialist is found in one
-of Dennis’ recitations of the account. Dennis, a mortician who might
-possess limited knowledge of Air Force mortuary procedures, stated that
-he was told the “doctors” might be pathologists from “Walter Reed Army
-Hospital.”[158] Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington D.C. is
-a likely location that an unknown pathologist performing an autopsy on
-military personnel might have been based. Co-located at Walter Reed is
-the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and beginning in 1955,
-AFIP sent pathologists into the field to examine aircraft accidents. A
-review of records at AFIP and interviews with persons involved with the
-identification procedures at Walker AFB do not indicate AFIP sent any
-personnel to assist in this accident.[159]
-
-=_Pathology Consultant._= In June 1956, the Walker AFB hospital did
-not have a pathologist on staff.[160] All autopsies and examinations
-of pathological specimens were conducted by a civilian consultant from
-Roswell.[161] The autopsy protocols of the deceased crewmen from the
-June 1956 crash indicated that Dr. Alfred S. Blauw of Roswell performed
-the three autopsies.[162] Obviously, neither the pathologist nor the
-identification specialist were normally assigned to the Walker AFB
-hospital and would not be expected to be present at the hospital,
-especially to an observer with limited knowledge of these activities.
-
-
-                          Continuing Research
-
-The focus of research was now shifted to other activities that might
-explain the remaining portions of the profile. The unexplained portions
-were:
-
-  =a.= the presence of a redheaded captain;
-
-  =b.= the wreckage in the rear of the ambulance outside the Walker
-  AFB hospital;
-
-  =c.= the heightened state of security at the Walker AFB hospital;
-  and,
-
-  =d.= the shipment of a body with a large head to Wright-Patterson
-  AFB.
-
-Based on previous research, this effort began by examining records of
-the other Air Force aerial vehicle known to have operated extensively
-in the Roswell area since the late 1940s—high altitude research
-balloons.
-
-
-
-
-                                  2.3
-
-                    High Altitude Research Projects
-
-
-By 1960, hundreds of high altitude research balloons, some that
-carried anthropomorphic dummies, descended and were recovered in areas
-surrounding Walker AFB and Roswell. But based on the descriptions of
-the bodies and the involvement of a hospital and medical personnel,
-it did not seem likely that high altitude research balloons with
-scientific instruments or anthropomorphic dummies could possibly
-account for this testimony. Therefore, the focal point of the research
-shifted to manned high altitude balloon flights conducted by the Air
-Force during the mid to late 1950s and early 1960s.
-
-
-Manned Balloon Flights
-
-Two manned balloon projects, MAN HIGH and EXCELSIOR, were conducted
-within the time period targeted for research: MAN HIGH from 1957 to
-1958[163] and the manned portion of EXCELSIOR in 1959 and 1960. The
-only other manned high altitude balloon project in Air Force history,
-STARGAZER, did not fly until 1962.
-
-It was discovered that only six manned flights were made for MAN
-HIGH and EXCELSIOR. These flights were determined unlikely as the
-source of the testimony since there were no injuries or deaths, all
-six flights had been the subject of intense media coverage, and none
-were flown in the vicinity of Roswell. Despite the apparent dead end
-these flights presented to explain this account, records were obtained
-and persons involved in MAN HIGH and EXCELSIOR were contacted and
-interviewed. These records and interviews confirmed that there were,
-in fact, only six USAF manned high altitude balloon flights, none
-with characteristics similar to the testimony. However, detailed
-examinations of the records revealed that, in addition to the six
-high altitude balloon flights, there were also numerous low altitude
-balloon flights made to train and qualify the high altitude balloon
-pilots.[164] Records of the training flights indicated that some
-of these were conducted at Holloman AFB, N.M., and several mishaps
-occurred resulting in injuries to the pilots.[165]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 10. Maj. David G. Simons (MC) (_left_), balloon
-  designer Otto C. Winzen (_center_) and Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger,
-  Jr., examine a scale model of a low altitude balloon gondola used
-  to train pilots for high altitude missions. (_photo courtesy of
-  Mike Smith, Raven Industries_)]
-
-Further research revealed that one accident had taken place just
-northwest of Roswell.[166] The accident occurred on May 21, 1959, 10
-miles northwest of Walker AFB, on a pilot training mission for the
-upcoming Project EXCELSIOR and STARGAZER flights scheduled to begin
-that fall. Analysis of the accident revealed actual events that closely
-resembled the remaining portions of the established profile.
-
-
-         U.S. Air Force Manned High Altitude Balloon Projects
-
-  In addition to unmanned high altitude balloon research flights,
-  from 1957 to 1962 the U.S. Air Force conducted a series of seven
-  manned high altitude flights. These forward-looking projects
-  investigated the upper reaches of the earth’s atmosphere and
-  laid the foundation for manned spaceflight. Most flights were
-  conducted before rocket booster technology was available to propel
-  a spacecraft into earth’s orbit. In this interim period, to “bridge
-  the gap” while awaiting developments in rocket technology, high
-  altitude balloons were the only vehicles capable of reaching the
-  altitudes required. All three of the USAF manned high altitude
-  balloon projects, MAN HIGH, EXCELSIOR, and STARGAZER utilized
-  Holloman AFB balloons to transport men to the very edge of space,
-  above approximately 99 per cent of the earth’s atmosphere, a region
-  known as “near space.”
-
-  =Project MAN HIGH.= In 1955, a combined effort by the U.S. Air
-  Force Aeromedical Field Laboratory, Winzen Research International,
-  and the Holloman Balloon Branch resulted in the first Air Force
-  manned balloon program. Project MAN HIGH, officially known as the
-  Biodynamics of Space Flight, directed by Lt. Col. David Simons
-  (MC), was the first of the three widely publicized manned high
-  altitude balloon programs. The objective of Project MAN HIGH was
-  to measure the physiological and psychological capabilities of a
-  human in a space equivalent environment. Many developments of this
-  successful project were later incorporated into the first phase
-  of the U.S. Air Force Man in Space Program nicknamed MAN IN SPACE
-  SOONEST (MISS). Technology developed for MISS was transferred to
-  NASA in 1959 and became part of Project MERCURY, the initial series
-  of U.S. space missions.[167]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 11. (_Left_) Test pilot Capt. Joseph W.
-  Kittinger, Jr. just before launch of MAN HIGH I at New Brighton,
-  Minn. on June 2, 1957. Kittinger flew in all three USAF high
-  altitude balloon projects and has accumulated more high altitude
-  balloon flying hours than anyone else in the world. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 12. (_Center_) Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC),
-  a physician and pilot of the MAN HIGH II high altitude balloon
-  mission, is shown here boarding the recovery helicopter near
-  Frederick, S.D. following the successful flight on August 19,
-  1957. This flight lasted 33 hours and 10 minutes attaining a peak
-  altitude of 101,500 feet. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 13. (_Right_) Holloman AFB Balloon Branch
-  Meteorologist and Engineer, Bernard D. Gildenberg, instructs high
-  altitude balloon pilot 1st Lt. Clifton McClure, pilot of MAN HIGH
-  III, in the operation of a low altitude training balloon on May 12,
-  1959 at Holloman AFB, N.M. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 14. Project officer and pilot, Capt. Joseph W.
-  Kittinger, Jr., standing beside the EXCELSIOR gondola at Holloman
-  AFB, N.M. On his third and final high altitude parachute jump, from
-  102,800 feet, he established world records for highest parachute
-  jump and length of free-fall which still stand today. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-  =Project EXCELSIOR.= In 1959 and 1960 the U.S. Air Force Aero
-  Medical Laboratory collaborated with the Holloman Balloon Branch
-  for Project EXCELSIOR, the second Air Force manned high altitude
-  balloon program. EXCELSIOR was the dramatic climax of the high
-  altitude free-fall studies that began as Project HIGH DIVE in 1953
-  using anthropomorphic dummies. As the test director for Project
-  Excelsior, Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. made three parachute
-  jumps from balloons, EXCELSIOR I, II, and III, from 76,000,
-  75,000, and a still standing record altitude of 102,800 feet.
-  EXCELSIOR’S scientific objective was to develop a parachute system
-  and techniques required to return a pilot or astronaut to earth
-  following an emergency high altitude escape.
-
-  =Project STARGAZER.= Project STARGAZER was the third Air Force
-  manned high altitude balloon program. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger.
-  Jr., the veteran high altitude balloon pilot of MAN HIGH and
-  EXCELSIOR, was both the pilot and project engineer. On December
-  13, 1962, Kittinger and U.S. Navy civilian astronomer William C.
-  White rose to 86,000 feet to make astronomical observations with
-  a gyro-stabilized telescope. A joint U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy,
-  Smithsonian Institution, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
-  program, STARGAZER made only one of a scheduled four flights due to
-  budget shortfalls and equipment difficulties.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 15. Project STARGAZER pilot and project
-  engineer, Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. (_left_), after landing
-  near Lordsburg, N.M. on December 13, 1962 with U.S. Navy civilian
-  astronomer William C. White. Kittinger and White ascended to 86,000
-  feet to make astronomical observations in the seventh, and final,
-  U.S. Air Force manned high altitude balloon flight. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-
-                               Table 2.4
-          U.S. Air Force Manned High Altitude Balloon Flights
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Date    Project/Flight   Altitude (feet)            Pilot
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  6/2/57    MAN HIGH I        96,200      Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.
-
-  8/19/57   MAN HIGH II      101,500      Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC)
-
-  10/8/58   MAN HIGH III      99,700      1st Lt. Clifton McClure
-
-  11/16/59  EXCELSIOR I       76,400      Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.
-
-  12/11/59  EXCELSIOR II      74,700      Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger. Jr.
-
-  8/16/60   EXCELSIOR III    102,800      Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.
-
-  12/13/62  STARGAZER         86,000      Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.
-
-With the completion of Project STARGAZER and the success of NASA’s
-Project MERCURY space flights, future investigations were accomplished
-by space vehicles. This signaled the end of an era of manned high
-altitude balloon flight; however, these projects had indeed “bridged
-the gap,” and manned space flight was now safely possible.
-
-
-Low Altitude Balloon Training Missions
-
-=Background.= In April 1958, Col. John P. Stapp, commander of the U.S.
-Air Force Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB, appointed a
-new project officer for Project EXCELSIOR, Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger,
-Jr. EXCELSIOR was part of an ongoing program to examine high altitude
-aircraft escape procedures and equipment.[168] Kittinger was an
-experienced fighter test pilot who was the pilot of the first Air Force
-manned high altitude balloon project, MAN HIGH I, in June 1957.[169]
-In addition to being the EXCELSIOR project officer, Kittinger was
-the pilot and project engineer of STARGAZER which also utilized high
-altitude balloons.
-
-By 1959, Kittinger was an integral part of both EXCELSIOR and STARGAZER
-and one of only three individuals in the Air Force with high altitude
-balloon pilot experience. Due to the hazardous nature of these
-important projects, Stapp was concerned that an injury to Kittinger
-might result in the cancellation of one or both of them. Therefore,
-Stapp determined there was a need for backup pilots. Selected as backup
-pilots were Captains Dan D. Fulgham and William C. Kaufman. Both men
-were rated aircraft pilots, parachutists, and research and development
-officers assigned to the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright-Patterson
-AFB.
-
-During the third week of May 1959, a series of low altitude manned
-balloon flights were flown to train Fulgham and Kaufman.[170] These
-flights were launched by the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch. To satisfy
-safety requirements, the flights were closely monitored by medical
-personnel at all times. A helicopter with medical personnel followed
-the flights during daylight hours, a C-131 aircraft followed during
-hours of darkness, and at all times medical personnel followed in an
-ambulance.[171] Balloon recovery and communications technicians also
-followed the missions on the ground in a communications vehicle and a
-balloon recovery vehicle.[172] The safety requirements were a result of
-several recent balloon mishaps that resulted in serious injuries to the
-pilots.
-
-To meet the training schedule, Kittinger, Kaufman and Fulgham were
-assigned temporary duty (TDY) from the Aero Medical Laboratory at
-Wright-Patterson AFB to the Balloon Branch at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 16. In 1958 while training for the upcoming
-  U.S. Air Force Aero Medical Laboratory high altitude MAN HIGH III
-  balloon flight, balloon designer Otto C. Winzen (_right_) and
-  space physiologist Capt. Grover Schock (_left_), were seriously
-  injured in a balloon accident near Ashland, Wisc. Additionally,
-  two training flights at Holloman AFB also resulted in injuries to
-  pilots. These injuries prompted Air Force officials to require
-  close medical supervision during future training flights. (_photo
-  courtesy of Mike Smith, Raven Industries_)]
-
-The three pilots, Kittinger, Kaufman and Fulgham, flew training
-missions together. Kaufman and Fulgham alternately flew the balloon
-while Kittinger instructed. The missions were flown at night to take
-advantage of light winds and avoid the effects of diurnal heating on
-the helium (the lifting gas that filled the balloon). Used for these
-missions were 30-foot diameter polyethylene balloons and an aluminum
-gondola especially designed for low altitude training.
-
-The first training mission scheduled for May 19, 1959 was canceled due
-to equipment problems.[173] Problems overcome, the next day at 1:30
-a.m. the mission launched from White Sands Proving Ground.[174] The
-objective of this flight was to practice gas valving and ballasting
-techniques necessary for balloon control and to practice landings.
-After a five-hour flight, the balloon landed without incident just
-after sunrise northwest of El Paso, Texas.[175]
-
-The second training flight, launched at 2:41 a.m. on May 21, 1959, from
-behind the Balloon Branch building, Bldg. 850 at Holloman AFB.[176]
-Near the end of another successful training mission with the same
-objectives as the previous flight, a mishap occurred resulting in
-injuries to two of the pilots, Fulgham and Kittinger.[177]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 17. In May 1959, Capt. Dan D. Fulgham (_left_)
-  and Capt. William C. Kaufman, pilots and Aero Medical Research
-  officers from Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio were assigned temporary
-  duty to Holloman AFB, N.M. to train as high altitude balloon
-  pilots. Fulgham and Kaufman were trained by Capt. Joseph W.
-  Kittinger, Jr. (_photo collection of Dan D. Fulgham_)]
-
-=The Mishap.= Just after sunrise on May 21, 1959, following a
-successful low level training flight east of Holloman AFB over the
-Sacramento Mountains, Kittinger, the instructor pilot, determined
-the balloon should be landed in a small field approximately 10 miles
-northwest of Roswell.[178] This was necessary because of approaching
-bad weather and the field was the last suitable landing site before
-overflying the city of Roswell.[179] When the balloon touched down,
-a higher than normal forward velocity for landing caused the gondola
-to overturn.[180] The three pilots, Kittinger, Fulgham, and Kaufman,
-were spilled from the gondola pinning Fulgham’s head between the edge
-of the gondola and the ground.[181] The impact shattered his helmet
-and he sustained a head injury.[182] When the three pilots climbed out
-from under the gondola, Fulgham noticed that his “head seemed to be
-protruding outward from underneath [his] helmet.”[183] Kittinger also
-received an injury, a minor facial laceration. The crew of the nearby
-chase helicopter and personnel in the ground tracking vehicles rushed
-to the scene.[184] For medical treatment, the pilots were transported
-by the helicopter to nearby Walker AFB.[185]
-
-When the helicopter landed at Walker AFB, it was met by armed security
-personnel who sought to verify the purpose of the unannounced
-arrival.[186] The security personnel escorted the balloon pilots to
-the hospital.[187] The balloon recovery and communications crew, after
-retrieving the gondola and balloon, drove to Walker AFB to check on the
-injured crew and to inform the Balloon Branch at Holloman AFB of the
-accident.[188]
-
-At the Walker AFB hospital, Fulgham and Kittinger received treatment
-for their injuries and neither required admission. Meanwhile, the
-Walker AFB security officials continued to escort the unannounced
-visitors while verifying their identities.[189] The pilot’s identities
-and purpose for their visit were confirmed via phone by Colonel Stapp,
-Aero Medical Laboratory commander at Wright-Patterson AFB (the pilots
-and Project EXCELSIOR were assigned to this organization).[190]
-
-Kittinger, the EXCELSIOR project officer, wanted to leave the
-hospital as quickly as possible after he and Fulgham received medical
-attention.[191] The quick departure was to avoid unwanted scrutiny by
-Walker AFB flying safety officials.[192] When released by the flight
-surgeon, the three pilots boarded the chase helicopter and returned to
-Holloman AFB approximately 100 miles to the west.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 18. The balloon training missions flown from
-  Holloman AFB, N.M. in May 1959, were made in an open gondola
-  suspended beneath a 30-foot diameter polyethylene balloon. This
-  photo was taken on May 21, 1959 by Balloon Branch communications
-  technician, A2C Ole Jorgeson just prior to the mishap which
-  resulted in injuries to two of the pilots. (_photo collection of
-  Ole Jorgeson_)]
-
-
-
-
-                                  2.4
-
-       Comparison of the Hospital Account to the Balloon Mishap
-
-
-The balloon mishap near Roswell on May 21, 1959 provides the probable
-explanation for some of the remaining elements of the incident
-profile—the redheaded captain, the unusual security at the hospital,
-the wreckage in the rear of an ambulance, and one portion of the
-accounts of “aliens” at the Roswell AAF hospital.
-
-
-The “Redheaded Captain”
-
-It is highly probable that the descriptions of a redheaded captain
-are those of Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., now a retired Colonel.
-Kittinger, who has red hair, was present at the Walker AFB hospital the
-entire time the events involving the balloon mishap took place. This
-is the second Roswell account that describes a captain with red hair.
-As related in Section One of this report (see page 77 and Appendix
-C, page 194), a redheaded captain was also allegedly present at the
-“crashed saucer” site on the San Agustin Plains.[193] That account
-was consistent with Kittinger’s responsibilities as the EXCELSIOR and
-STARGAZER pilot and project officer. As project officer of two research
-programs that utilized high altitude balloons and as a chase pilot on
-many other high altitude balloon missions, Kittinger often accompanied
-balloon launch and recovery crews. He was present both on the ground
-and in the air at balloon launch and recovery locations throughout
-New Mexico and the Southwest United States to launch and retrieve
-anthropomorphic dummies used for Project EXCELSIOR and unmanned test
-gondolas used for Project STARGAZER.[194]
-
-Following the accident, when the balloon pilots were transported to
-the Walker AFB hospital for medical treatment, Kittinger wanted to
-leave as soon as possible.[195] He recalled in a recent interview that
-his desire to quickly leave Walker AFB was to avoid the initiation
-of a formal accident investigation. He believed that an accident
-investigation might bring unwanted scrutiny to Project EXCELSIOR and
-delay or even cancel the controversial project.[196] The controversy
-surrounding Project EXCELSIOR was due principally to the hazardous
-nature of the high altitude escape research. Some senior research
-and development officials within the Air Force were reluctant to
-support a project that required a human subject to parachute from
-a balloon gondola at over 100,000 feet. An accident investigation
-at this juncture would most likely delay the human high altitude
-free-fall tests scheduled for the fall of 1959 and may have resulted in
-cancellation of the project.[197]
-
-While at the hospital, Kittinger consulted by phone with his commander,
-Colonel Stapp.[198] Stapp agreed with Kittinger’s assessment that
-a quick departure from the Walker AFB hospital, after receiving
-appropriate medical attention, was in the best interest of the
-project.[199]
-
-The statements attributed to the redheaded captain, “You did not see
-anything. There was no crash here. You don’t go into town making any
-rumors that you saw anything or that there was any crash,”[200] were
-consistent with Kittinger’s desire to avoid an accident investigation.
-However, when interviewed for this report, neither Kittinger nor any
-of the other persons documented as having been present in the hospital
-that day recalled encountering Dennis.[201]
-
-What may have led an uninformed person, such as Dennis, to believe
-they were witnessing, or were told of, an unusual or classified event,
-was that when the injured balloon pilots arrived at the Walker AFB
-hospital, even though Project EXCELSIOR was unclassified, Kittinger
-sought to limit disclosure of negative information and publicity.[202]
-
-By 1959, having been the subject of intense media scrutiny following
-his June 1957 MAN HIGH I high altitude balloon flight, Kittinger
-was aware of both the positive and negative aspects of publicity.
-In his 1961 book, _The Long, Lonely Leap_, Kittinger described this
-self-imposed secrecy regarding Project EXCELSIOR, “The secrecy imposed
-upon EXCELSIOR was of our own choosing. We believed ... that any
-unnecessary conversation about our activities ... would simply be
-premature.”[203] When interviewed for this report, Kittinger further
-explained of Project EXCELSIOR and the visit to the hospital at Walker
-AFB: “We didn’t want publicity ... about anything we were doing. So it
-would have appeared to someone not conversant with the project that we
-were ‘hush-hush,’ that we were secretive ... it might look like we were
-trying to cover up a classified mission.”[204]
-
-The allegations that the redheaded captain, an apparent reference to
-Kittinger, threatened anyone while he was at the Walker AFB hospital
-are untrue. When interviewed for this report and in signed statements
-obtained from Kittinger, the two other balloon pilots, the doctor who
-treated them, the medic aboard the helicopter, and the Balloon Branch
-communications technician who were present at the hospital that day
-(see Appendix B), none of them recalled that Kittinger was involved in
-an altercation or made threatening remarks to anyone.[205] Involvement
-in an altercation with a civilian would have highlighted the presence
-of the balloon crew and possibly brought the type of negative
-publicity Kittinger sought to avoid. This would not only have violated
-Kittinger’s policy of maintaining a low profile in regard to EXCELSIOR,
-but would be completely out of character for the seasoned test pilot.
-
-Throughout his career, Kittinger was renowned for his ability
-to maintain his composure in difficult, often life threatening,
-situations. He faced these situations as a test pilot, as a combat
-pilot and squadron commander in Southeast Asia, and as a Prisoner
-of War while subjected to severe torture at the hands of the North
-Vietnamese. In _The Pre-Astronauts_, which chronicles many of
-Kittinger’s accomplishments in the field of aeronautics, including
-Project EXCELSIOR and STARGAZER, the author offered the following
-description of him:
-
-  _Kittinger was not Buck Rogers, nor was he a daredevil or
-  thrill-seeker. He was a modern day test pilot: intense, focused,
-  usually quiet, and always polite with firm religious convictions
-  and a powerful sense of loyalty. If he was often stubborn,
-  uncompromising, and demanding he also dealt fairly and respectfully
-  with those who came into contact with him. He was a straight arrow
-  and a straight shooter._[206]
-
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 19. Maj. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. in 1963 as a
-  member of the 1st Air Commando Wing, Ben Hoa, Republic of Vietnam.
-  (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-
-             Colonel Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., USAF (Ret)
-
-  Colonel Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.’s career in the U.S. Air Force
-  and in aviation has spanned the spectrum of experiences: test
-  pilot, balloon pilot, test parachutist, combat fighter pilot, MiG
-  killer, combat squadron commander, and prisoner of war. He has
-  demonstrated, during a nearly 30-year military career and beyond,
-  that he is among the very best in the U.S. Air Force and the field
-  of aeronautics.
-
-  Kittinger began his career in 1949 as a U.S. Air Force aviation
-  cadet. After earning his wings at Las Vegas AFB, Nev. in March
-  1950, he was assigned to fighter squadrons in Germany and then as
-  a test pilot for NATO. In 1953, Kittinger received an assignment
-  as a test pilot to Holloman AFB, N.M. While at Holloman, he began
-  a many year collaboration with the legendary Air Force scientist
-  and physician, Col. John P. Stapp. In association with Stapp on
-  numerous aero medical projects, Kittinger became the first pilot
-  to fly zero-gravity experiments, now commonly used for astronaut
-  training. For project MAN HIGH on June 2, 1957, Kittinger piloted a
-  high altitude balloon to 96,000 feet to examine the physiological
-  and psychological effects on man in a space equivalent environment.
-  This flight marked the origins of the manned U.S. space program
-  with the experience gained from MAN HIGH being incorporated in
-  NASA’s Project MERCURY.
-
-  After MAN HIGH, and again in association with Stapp, Kittinger
-  directed Project EXCELSIOR, a study of human free-fall
-  characteristics following aircraft escape at extremely high
-  altitudes. After extensive testing with anthropomorphic dummies,
-  Kittinger made three parachute jumps from high altitude balloons:
-  76,400 feet on November 16, 1959; 74,700 feet on December 11,
-  1959; and 102,800 feet on August 16, 1960. For these courageous
-  scientific achievements Kittinger was awarded the Distinguished
-  Flying Cross, the Harmon Trophy by President Eisenhower, the
-  still-standing world records for highest parachute jump and length
-  of a free-fall—and the distinction of being the only living person
-  to exceed the speed of sound without an aircraft or spacecraft!
-
-  With the completion of EXCELSIOR, Kittinger became the pilot,
-  project officer, and project engineer for STARGAZER, an
-  astronomical observation experiment. This was the third and final
-  Air Force manned high altitude balloon project, Kittinger had flown
-  in all three.
-
-  In 1963, he was assigned to the Air Commandos (now Special
-  Operations) and flew two combat tours in Southeast Asia in B-26
-  and A-26 aircraft. After a tour in Germany as a liaison officer
-  with the U.S. Army Special Forces, Kittinger returned to Southeast
-  Asia in 1971, flying F-4 aircraft and commanding the famous 555th
-  “Triple Nickel” Tactical Fighter Squadron at Udorn AB, Thailand. On
-  March 1, 1972 Kittinger engaged and destroyed a MiG-21 over North
-  Vietnam and is credited with an aerial victory. On May 11, 1972,
-  after 483 combat missions and more than 1,000 combat flying hours,
-  Kittinger was shot down over Hanoi and spent 11 months as a POW in
-  the infamous “Hanoi Hilton.” When placed with other POWs following
-  solitary confinement and severe torture, Kittinger was moved
-  repeatedly by his North Vietnamese captors due to his effectiveness
-  in motivating other prisoners to maintain strong resistance
-  postures.
-
-  Kittinger retired from the Air Force in 1978 and became involved
-  in both sport aircraft flying and gas ballooning. He operated
-  Rosie O’Grady’s Flying Circus in his hometown of Orlando, Fla.,
-  performing skywriting, banner towing, and hot air and helium
-  balloon demonstrations at nearby Walt Disney World. He also
-  captured the coveted Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Championship an
-  unprecedented four times (three consecutive), entitling him to
-  retire the trophy.
-
-  In September 1984, Kittinger made history again, when, in the
-  tradition of Lindbergh, he became the first person to make a solo
-  crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon.
-
-  Kittinger’s military decorations include the Silver Star with
-  one oak leaf cluster, Legion of Merit with one oak leaf cluster,
-  Distinguished Flying Cross with five oak leaf clusters, Bronze Star
-  Medal with “V” device and two oak leaf clusters, Air Medal with
-  23 oak leaf clusters, Purple Heart with one oak leaf cluster, POW
-  medal, and the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm.
-
-  Kittinger’s indomitable spirit, personal courage and dedication to
-  duty are legendary. His ability to achieve seemingly unattainable
-  objectives while earning the respect and absolute loyalty of those
-  who served with him defines this rare breed of warrior-leader.
-
-  In October 1995, he received yet another honor and was named a
-  recipient of the prestigious “Elder Statesman of Aviation” award by
-  the National Aeronautics Association. This honor is bestowed upon
-  an individual who over a period of years, has made “significant
-  contributions to aeronautics” and for “reflecting credit upon
-  himself and America.” Without a doubt, there are few that exemplify
-  these virtues more than this truly distinctive American, Joseph W.
-  Kittinger, Jr.
-
-
-The “Wreckage” in the Rear of the Ambulance
-
-The various types of wreckage described in the rear of an ambulance at
-the Walker AFB hospital also appear to be related to the 1959 balloon
-accident. Some of this wreckage allegedly had odd inscriptions, touted
-by UFO theorists as “alien” hieroglyphics.
-
-A requirement of balloon pilot training missions were that they be
-closely monitored by balloon recovery and medical personnel.[207]
-Ground crews from Holloman AFB followed the balloon flight from
-its launch site there to its landing site 10 miles northwest of
-Roswell.[208] Two of the vehicles that followed the balloon were Dodge
-M-43 ¾-ton field ambulances and a third was an M-37 ¾-ton utility
-vehicle or “weapons carrier.”[209] One ambulance was assigned to this
-mission for its standard use—a medical response vehicle. The other
-ambulance had been converted by the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch and
-served as a communications vehicle on balloon recovery missions.[210]
-The additional communications equipment, mounted in the rear
-compartment of the ambulance, drastically altered what someone expected
-to see in an ambulance of this type.
-
-Dennis related that he was walking fast when he observed what he
-thought was wreckage in the rear of an ambulance.[211] This quick
-glance apparently resulted in descriptions of two pieces of wreckage
-leaning against the interior of the rear compartment of the ambulance
-that “was kind of like the bottom of a canoe ... like stainless steel
-... with kind of a bluish-purplish tinge to it.”[212] UFO theorists
-have suggested that these objects were alien spaceship “escape pods”
-recovered by the Army Air Forces. However, this appears to be a
-remarkably accurate description of two steel panels painted Air Force
-blue on a converted ambulance used by the Balloon Branch for this
-mission.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 20. Balloon Branch Communications Technician,
-  A2C Ole Jorgeson, now a retired Master Sergeant, in the rear
-  compartment of an M-43 ambulance. Ambulances of this type were
-  converted by the Balloon Branch to communications vehicles in
-  the late 1950s. It appears the witness described the two panels
-  painted Air Force blue (_lower right and left of ambulance_)
-  as “bluish-purplish” “wreckage” that looked “kinda like the
-  bottom of a canoe” and the stenciled writing above them as
-  “hieroglyphics”—See figs. 21 and 22 on next page. (_photo
-  collection of Ole Jorgeson_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 21. (_Above_) Enlargement of stenciled writing
-  from photograph below. This lettering was apparently later
-  described as “hieroglyphics.”]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 22. (_Below_) Steel panels painted Air Force
-  blue (_lower right and left_) described as “bluish-purplish”
-  “wreckage” that looked “kinda like the bottom of a canoe.” (_U.S.
-  Air Force photo_)]
-
-The “inscription or something,”[213] the so called “hieroglyphics,”
-were a probable reference to the lettering painted on the equipment
-support rack above the panels. The lettering on the rack would be
-visible, but probably not readable, to an observer that quickly walked
-past the ambulance. Other wreckage “all over the floor” that was “like
-broken glass,”[214] was a probable reference to the clear plastic
-30-foot polyethylene balloon that was recovered following the balloon
-training mission and placed in the back of the converted ambulance or
-the weapons carrier for later disposal.
-
-Dennis also recalled that he parked the vehicle he was driving
-near three field ambulances and then walked up the ramp into the
-hospital.[215] The description of ambulances near a “ramp” is
-consistent with the recollections of the Balloon Branch Communication
-Technician who drove the converted ambulance to the Walker AFB hospital
-following the balloon accident. While waiting for the injured pilots,
-A2C Ole Jorgeson, now a retired Master Sergeant, recalled in a recent
-interview that he parked the converted ambulance near a ramp at the
-hospital.[216] A review of Walker AFB hospital records revealed
-that there was only one ramp. The ramp was attached to the hospital
-dispensary, Walker AFB Bldg. 317.[217] The other ambulances described
-by the witness were either the other ambulance from Holloman AFB that
-provided medical support of the balloon flight or the two “standby”
-ambulances, that in May 1959, were routinely positioned adjacent to the
-ramp behind the dispensary at Walker AFB.[218]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 23. “It was all sharp ... like broken glass,”
-  a witness’ description of debris in the rear of an ambulance at
-  Walker AFB. The debris described was most probably the remnants
-  of the polyethylene balloon, similar to the one in this photo,
-  recovered by Balloon Branch personnel following the mishap in May
-  1959. (_U.S. Air Force photo_) ]
-
-
-Additional Security at the Walker AFB Hospital
-
-The witness described what appeared to be a heightened state of
-security at the hospital when he allegedly took the injured airman
-there for treatment. UFO theorists contend the heightened security at
-the hospital was because alien remains were being autopsied. However,
-it appears that the witness described the security measures taken by
-Walker AFB personnel due to the unusual circumstances of the arrival of
-the balloon crew.
-
-In 1959, Walker AFB was a part of the 47th Air Division of Strategic
-Air Command (SAC). It was home of the 6th Bombardment Wing (6th BW),
-equipped with the nuclear capable B-52 Stratofortress bomber (the
-509th BW was reassigned to Pease AFB, NH on July 1, 1958).[219] The
-mission of the 6th BW, to strike the enemy with nuclear weapons
-anywhere in the world at a moment’s notice, demanded a heightened state
-of security at all times. One of the methods instituted during this
-period to maintain the high standards of security and effectiveness
-of SAC units, was unannounced “surprise” visits of Headquarters SAC
-inspection teams. A favored method of transportation for these surprise
-visits was a helicopter. When a SAC inspection team landed at a base,
-often the first evaluation they made was of the security response to
-their unannounced arrival. Failure of security personnel to properly
-challenge unidentified visitors, regardless of their method of arrival,
-was considered a serious breach of security.
-
-When transported to Walker AFB for medical treatment, unexpected and at
-an early hour, the balloon crew, not surprisingly, was met by armed
-security personnel.[220] The security personnel escorted them to the
-hospital and remained with them until their identities and purpose of
-their visit were verified. Kaufman, one of the balloon pilots, recalled
-that their presence at Walker AFB was initially met with skepticism.
-
-“The [helicopter] pilot called the tower and said ... having come from
-an experimental base, it was nothing unusual for him to have a balloon
-accident. ‘We’ve got an injured pilot on board. There’s been a balloon
-accident and we would like the flight surgeon and an ambulance to meet
-us at the tower.’ The tower established the fact that yes, we were an
-Air Force chopper and that we seemed to have somebody injured and what
-had we been doing? We had been shooting touch and go landings in a
-balloon?... We got clearance to land ... right in front of the tower,
-and we were met by an ambulance and several MPs with machine guns.”[221]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 24. Walker AFB Building 317, hospital
-  dispensary with attached ramp, as it appeared in June 1954. It is
-  in this building that UFO theorists allege that “alien autopsies”
-  were accomplished in July 1947. However, this was the same building
-  that Capt. Fulgham received treatment following the balloon
-  accident on May 21, 1959. Persons apparently observed him and later
-  related the unusual circumstances surrounding the balloon mishap as
-  part of the “Roswell Incident.” (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 25. Main gate at Walker AFB, N.M., formerly
-  Roswell AAF, as it appeared in 1954. During the 1950s, the highly
-  secure base was the home of the nuclear capable 509th and 6th
-  Bombardment Wings of Strategic Air Command. (_U.S. Air Force
-  photo_)]
-
-According to the medical technician who arrived on the helicopter
-with the pilots, he had difficulty persuading a flight surgeon to
-attend to the injured pilots. SSgt. Roland H. “Hap” Lutz, now a
-retired Chief Master Sergeant, recalled when he first contacted the
-Walker AFB hospital explaining that he had three persons injured in a
-“gondola accident,” the flight surgeon told him to “Go home and sleep
-it off.”[222] Fulgham, the injured pilot, recalled that when they got
-to the hospital, “there was this controversy going on in the hospital
-about who in the hell we were ... we weren’t supposed to be there and
-nobody knew anything about Air Force officers flying balloons ... we
-could have been ... [trying] to penetrate the security.”[223] Walker
-AFB security officials were satisfied of the pilots’ identities when
-they spoke to Colonel Stapp, commander of the Aero Medical Laboratory
-at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 26. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. (_right_),
-  is shown here in 1962 with Dr. J. Allen Hynek while preparing for
-  the project STARGAZER high altitude balloon flight. (_U.S. Air
-  Force photo_)]
-
-
-            The “Red-headed Captain” and Dr. J. Allen Hynek
-
-  Captain Kittinger, the STARGAZER high altitude balloon pilot and
-  project engineer, had extensive professional contact with Dr.
-  J. Allen Hynek, an astronomer and STARGAZER project scientist.
-  Additionally, Hynek was also one of the scientific consultants in
-  the Air Force study of UFOs, Project BLUEBOOK. Hynek is best known,
-  however, for his apparent endorsement of extraterrestrial theories
-  concerning UFOs after concluding his associations with the Air
-  Force.
-
-  When asked about his recollections of Hynek, Kittinger stated
-  that when they were associated, from 1958 to 1963, they discussed
-  UFOs at length.[224] At that time, Hynek was steadfast in his
-  opinion that most, if not all, UFO sightings could be resolved by
-  applying known scientific analysis.[225] Kittinger said he was
-  “flabbergasted” when, years later, Hynek appeared to reverse his
-  opinion and endorse extraterrestrial explanations.[226] Hynek’s
-  reversal in philosophies led to numerous commercial endeavors, most
-  notably as a technical advisor for the science-fiction film _Close
-  Encounters of the Third Kind_.
-
-  Also, based on his experience with project STARGAZER, Hynek was
-  familiar with balloon operations at Holloman AFB, visiting the
-  Holloman Balloon Branch several times.[227] Interestingly, there
-  is no record that Hynek, who died in 1986, ever endorsed what is
-  now presented as the “best evidence” of UFOs, the so-called Roswell
-  Incident, which was actually a conglomeration of numerous events,
-  some with origins in Holloman AFB launched balloons.
-
-
-The Alien at the Hospital
-
-In at least one account of the Roswell Incident, a witness claimed he
-observed a “creature” walk under its own power into the hospital.[228]
-While the specifics of this particular sighting cannot be verified,
-the injury that caused Fulgham’s head to swell, resembling the classic
-science-fiction alien head, makes this account (and some others) that
-at first appeared to be the work of over-active imaginations, seem
-possible.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 27. Clinical Record Cover Sheet from medical
-  records of Capt. Dan D. Fulgham describing injuries he received in
-  the balloon accident on May 21, 1959.
-
-   CLINICAL RECORD COVER SHEET      8511
-
-   1. ADMISSION NOTES
-   1045 hrs
-   A or N: No
-
-   2. WARD 1
-
-   3. TYPE OF CASE
-  IRJ
-
-   4. LAST NAME—FIRST NAME—MIDDLE INITIAL
-  FULGHAM Dan D
-
-   5. SEX
-  M
-
-   6. Religion
-  P
-
-   7. PREV. ADM.
-  NO
-
-   8. REGISTER NO.
-  16059
-
-   9. SERVICE NO.
-  44734A
-
-   10. GRADE
-  Capt
-
-   11. RATING OR DESIG.
-  Sr Pilot
-
-   12. DEPARTMENT
-  Air Force
-
-   13. ORGANIZATION AND BRANCH OF SERVICE
-  ARDC Wright Patterson(a)
-
-   14. FLYING STATUS
-  Yes
-
-   15. NAME AND ADDRESS OF EMERGENCY ADDRESSEE
-  Joyce Fulgham (W)
-   5540 Gross Drive Dayton Ohio
-
-   16. AGE
-  31
-
-   17. RACE
-  Cau
-
-   18. LENGTH OF SERVICE
-  12 yrs
-
-   19. DATE OF ADMISSION
-  12 May 59
-
-   20. SOURCE OF ADMISSION
-  From duty
-
-   21. ADMITTING OFFICER
-  L. E. Eason Capt USAF MC
-
-   22. CONTINUATION OF ITEMS 12 AND 20.
-  (a) AFB, Ohio
-
-   23. DIAGNOSES
-  8715 Hematoma, traumatic, n.e.c. forehead LD: Pending AF Form 348
-
-   AI: Approximately 0600 hours, 21 May 1959, North of Roswell, New
-   Mexico, patient states he was taking part in a military project
-   involving balloon testing. When he and two others landed in the
-   balloon the “gondola” upset, and hit him in the head causing injury.
-
-   24. OPERATIONS AND SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES
-  None
-
-   25. SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
-  None
-
-   26. PHYSICAL PROFILE
-
-   27. DATE DURATION THIS FACILITY
-
-   ALL 3 IN HOSPITAL OR INFIRMARY 3
-
-   28. NATURE OF DISPOSITION
-  Duty
-
-   29. DATE OF DISPOSITION
-  24 May 59
-
-   30. SIGNATURE OF ATTENDING PHYSICIAN
-  LESLIE E EASON CAPT USAF HC
-
-   31. SIGNATURE OF REGISTRAR OR RECORDS OFFICER
-  ROLAND E DOZOIS CWD W-3 USAF
-
-   32. NAME AND LOCATION OF MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITY
-  6580TH USAF HOSPITAL HOLLOMAN AFB NM
-
-   33. REGISTER NUMBER
-  16059
-]
-
-When the balloon gondola struck Fulgham’s head, he received, according
-to his clinical record from May 21, 1959, an “Extensive hematoma
-forehead and ant [anterior] scalp.”[229] A hematoma is a localized
-blood-filled swelling, that in this instance was on the forehead. The
-hematoma resulted in immediate facial swelling, two black eyes and
-later caused his skin to turn yellow.[230]
-
-The rapid onset of the swelling caused both of Fulgham’s eyes to
-close. As it progressed, according to Kittinger who accompanied
-Fulgham at the hospital, “His whole face had swollen up and his
-nose barely protruded.”[231] This appearance lead Kittinger to
-characterize Fulgham’s appearance at the time as “just a big blob” and
-“grotesque.”[232]
-
-When interviewed, Fulgham remembered that even though he didn’t feel
-bad, “I didn’t know how bad I looked.” There was no attempt to hide
-or limit Fulgham’s exposure to persons in the hospital that day. In
-fact, when he arrived at the hospital Fulgham recalled that he stopped
-outside the building to smoke a cigarette. Kaufman also recalled that
-the injured pilots, Fulgham and Kittinger, waited for treatment on a
-bench in the hallway of the hospital. Kaufman added that a number of
-military wives were present in the hospital that day for prenatal care,
-and there was no effort to keep Fulgham from their view.[233]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig 28. Capt. Dan D. Fulgham at Wright-Patterson
-  AFB, Ohio several days after the balloon accident with a “traumatic
-  hematoma” on his forehead. This photo shows Fulgham after blood
-  had been aspirated from under his scalp and a substantial amount
-  of swelling had dissipated. Concerns that Fulgham’s odd appearance
-  might startle uninformed persons was why he was returned to
-  Wright-Patterson AFB aboard a specially arranged flight from
-  Holloman AFB, N.M. (_photo collection of Dan D. Fulgham_)]
-
-
-=“Bodies” with Large Heads and Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio=
-
-UFO theorists contend that the U.S. Army Air Forces secretly shipped
-the alien bodies with large heads to Wright-Patterson AFB for further
-processing and deep-freeze storage. However, it is likely that, in this
-account, this is a reference to Fulgham’s return to Wright-Patterson
-AFB following the balloon mishap.
-
-Although Fulgham did not require hospitalization at Walker AFB, upon
-his return to Holloman AFB he was admitted to the base hospital for
-observation. Three days later on May 24, 1959, the balloon pilots were
-flown from Holloman to Wright-Patterson AFB on a specially arranged
-flight aboard a C-131 hospital aircraft.[234]
-
-The return to Wright-Patterson AFB was directed by Stapp and
-coordinated by Kittinger.[235] The preliminary arrangements for this
-flight were made by Kittinger while at the Walker AFB hospital.[236]
-Kittinger recalled that conversations with Stapp regarding their
-return to Wright-Patterson AFB were made by phone in busy areas of the
-hospital and these conversations could have been overheard by nearly
-anyone present.[237]
-
-Upon their arrival at Wright-Patterson, Fulgham, who Kittinger did not
-want to transport on a commercial flight due to his odd appearance,
-still could not open his eyes and had to be led down the steps of the
-aircraft. Kittinger recalled that Fulgham’s wife was waiting at the
-bottom of the aircraft steps when they arrived.
-
-“They dropped the ramp and I looked down at the bottom and there was
-Dan Fulgham’s wife,” Kittinger said. “Dan couldn’t see ... so I grabbed
-him by the arm ... Dan’s wife sees me leading this blob down the
-staircase ... and she looks right at me and says, ‘Where’s my husband?’
-I said, ‘Ma’am, this is your husband’. I presented her this blob that I
-was leading down the ramp. And she let out this scream you could hear a
-mile away. He was such a horrendous looking thing that she had no idea
-that the thing I was leading down that ramp was her husband.”[238]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 29. As a physiologist for the space program,
-  Fulgham (_third from left_) discusses Project GEMINI emergency
-  escape systems at the U.S. Navy Aerospace Recovery facility at
-  El Centro, Calif. on January 28, 1965. Shown with Fulgham (_from
-  left_) are NASA astronaut Jim Lovell, NASA project engineer Hilary
-  Ray, and NASA astronaut Alan Bean. (_U.S. Navy photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 30. A veteran of 100 combat missions during the
-  Korean conflict, Fulgham flew 133 combat missions in F-4 aircraft
-  (shown here) in 1966–67 as a member of the 555th “Triple Nickel”
-  Tactical Fighter Squadron at Ubon Air Base, Thailand. (_photo
-  collection of Dan D. Fulgham_)]
-
-Fulgham recalled that upon his return to work at the Aero Medical
-Laboratory he received reactions of “immediate compassionate sympathy”
-from persons he encountered, including his secretary, who cried when
-she saw him.[239] Within several weeks, Fulgham returned to flying
-status with no permanent effects. Fulgham went on to complete a
-distinguished career in the Air Force and retired as a colonel in 1978.
-Fulgham’s assignments included combat tours in fighter aircraft in
-both Korea and Vietnam, as well as an assignment as an experimental
-parachutist and physiologist for the space program.
-
-
-                                Summary
-
-In this section, documented research revealed that the reports of
-“bodies” at the Roswell AAF hospital were grossly inaccurate and most
-probably had origins in actual Air Force mishaps. Examinations of
-official records of the alleged primary witnesses revealed that the
-“missing nurse” was never missing, and the pediatrician did not arrive
-at the Walker AFB hospital until 1951—four years _after_ the alleged
-incident. The many fundamental errors in the story, combined with the
-substantial similarities to the actual mishaps, show that the most
-credible account associated with the “Roswell Incident” is certainly
-not extraterrestrial and is unrelated to any events that occurred in
-July 1947.
-
-
-
-
-                              Conclusion
-
-
-When critically examined, the claims that the U.S. Army Air Forces
-recovered a flying saucer and alien crew in 1947, were found to be
-a compilation of many verifiable events. For the most part, the
-descriptions collected by UFO theorists were of actual operations and
-tests carried out by the U.S. Air Force in the 1950s. Despite the
-usual unsavory accusations by UFO proponents of cover-up, conspiracy,
-intimidation, etc., documented research revealed that many of the
-activities were actually historic scientific achievements of which the
-Air Force is very proud. However, other descriptions are believed to be
-distorted references to Air Force members who were killed or injured in
-the line of duty. The incomplete and inaccurate intermingling of these
-actual events were grounded in just enough fact to weave a sensational
-story, but cannot withstand close scrutiny when compared to official
-records.
-
-To analyze reports of alien bodies that at first appeared to be so
-offbeat as to not be remotely based in fact, it was necessary to
-evaluate a wide range of books, interviews, videos, etc., that a
-less objective review might have rejected out of hand. Only through
-an inclusive evaluation of these sources were Air Force researchers
-able to understand the interconnectivity of the widely separated
-events believed responsible for this “incident.” And, in opposition
-to critics who believe Air Force research involving this subject is
-anything but objective, this research relied almost exclusively on
-the descriptions _=provided by the UFO proponents themselves=_. When
-collected and examined, the actual statements of the witnesses—not
-the extraterrestrial interpretations of UFO proponents—indicated that
-something was very wrong. When these descriptions were compared to
-documented Air Force activities, they were much too similar to be a
-coincidence. Soon, it became apparent that the witnesses or the UFO
-proponents who liberally interpreted their statements were either 1)
-confused, or 2) attempting to perpetrate a hoax, believing that no
-serious efforts would ever be taken to verify their stories.
-
-In preparing this report, attempts were made not to only explain
-_what_ conclusions were reached, but _how_ they were reached. This
-undertaking was to try to de-mystify the research process by outlining
-the simple and logical research techniques that identified the
-underlying actual events. In regard to statements of witnesses that
-were clearly descriptions of Air Force activities, such as those
-that described anthropomorphic dummies, these could be generously
-viewed as situational misunderstandings or even honest mistakes.
-Other descriptions, particularly those believed to be thinly veiled
-references to deceased or injured Air Force members, are difficult
-to view as naive misunderstandings. Any attempt to misrepresent or
-capitalize on tragic incidents in which Air Force members died or were
-injured in service to their country significantly alters what would
-otherwise be viewed as simple misinterpretations or honest mistakes.
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 31. Plaque placed at Holloman AFB honoring
-  three Balloon Branch members killed during a high altitude balloon
-  recovery when their L-20 balloon chase plane crashed in the rugged
-  Gila Mountains near Stafford, Ariz. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)
-
-  IN MEMORIAM
-
-  WIRED P. CHAMPLAIN, 1ST LT. U.S.A.F. RONALD J. NIELSEN, AIRMAN 1/C
-
-  U.S.A.F.
-
-  ROBERT W. MITCHELL
-
-  WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE RECOVERY OF INSTRUMENTS FROM THE
-  STRATOSPHERE 25 AUGUST 1955]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 32. (_Left_) The balloon launch facility at
-  Holloman AFB, N.M. was named in honor of Maj. Richard L. Nenninger
-  who died of injuries received in an aircraft crash during a balloon
-  recovery mission on April 7, 1970 in the Sacramento Mountains near
-  Ruidoso, N.M. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-  [Illustration: Fig. 33. (_Right_) A semiconscious Capt. Joseph
-  W. Kittinger, Jr., following the EXCELSIOR I parachute jump from
-  76,000 feet. With his parachute wrapped around his neck and body
-  and hopelessly out of control, his life was saved by an ingeniously
-  designed reserve parachute system that opened just moments before
-  contacting the desert floor; White Sands Proving Ground, November
-  16, 1959. (_U.S. Air Force photo_)]
-
-Finally, after reviewing this report, some persons may legitimately ask
-why the Air Force expended time and effort to respond to mythical, if
-not comedic, allegations of recoveries of “flying saucers” and “space
-aliens.” The answer to those persons is:
-
-  • Initially the Air Force was required to respond to an official
-  request from the General Accounting Office.
-
-  • High altitude balloon research, aircraft escape systems, and
-  other technologies that were misrepresented as part of the Roswell
-  Incident, accounted for significant contributions to the knowledge
-  of the atmosphere, to the quest for space flight, and to the
-  defense of this nation. The U.S. Air Force is exceedingly proud of
-  these accomplishments. Distorted and incomplete descriptions of
-  these activities do not pay tribute to these important exploits
-  or to the individuals who, often at great personal risk, boldly
-  carried them out.
-
-  • A sobering reality of the mission of the U.S. Air Force, as
-  evidenced by the aircraft mishaps described in this report, is
-  that defending this nation is a dangerous profession. On a daily
-  basis, members of the U.S. Air Force perform hazardous missions in
-  many locations throughout the world. Unfortunately, these missions
-  sometimes result in injuries or deaths. It is the right—and indeed
-  the duty—of the Air Force to challenge those who attempt to exploit
-  these human tragedies wherever, and whenever, they are discovered.
-
-  • The misrepresentations of Air Force activities as an
-  extraterrestrial “incident” is misleading to the public and is
-  simply an affront to the truth.
-
-This comprehensive further examination of the so-called “Roswell
-Incident” found no evidence whatsoever of flying saucers, space aliens,
-or sinister government cover-ups. But, even if unintentionally, it did
-serve to highlight a series of events that embody the proud history of
-the finest air force in the world—the U.S. Air Force. The actual events
-examined here, rich in human and scientific triumph, tempered by the
-stark realities of the dangers of the Air Force mission, are but one
-small portion of that history. The many Air Force activities cobbled
-together in the ever changing collage that has become the “Roswell
-Incident,” when examined in the clear light of historical research,
-revealed a remarkable chapter of the Air Force story. In the final
-analysis, this examination simply illustrates once again, that fact is
-indeed stranger, and often much more fascinating, than fiction.
-
-
-
-
-                          Notes - Section One
-
-
-[1] Headquarters United States Air Force, _The Roswell Report: Fact vs.
-Fiction in the New Mexico Desert_ (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
-Printing Office, 1995), 20–22.
-
-[2] ibid.
-
-[3] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 14.
-
-[4] Headquarters United States Air Force, _The Roswell Report: Fact vs.
-Fiction in the New Mexico Desert_ (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
-Printing Office, 1995), 20–22.
-
-[5] Ted Bloecher, _Report of the UFO Wave of 1947_ (Washington D.C.:
-author, 1967), I-13-14.
-
-[6] Combined History, 509th Bomb Group and Roswell Army Airfield, 1
-July-31 July 1947, 39, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell
-AFB, AL.
-
-[7] _Roswell Daily Record_, July 9, 1947, 1.
-
-[8] _Socorro_ (N.M.) _Defensor Chieftain_, November 4, 1992.
-
-[9] Don Berliner, _A Rebuttal of the Air Force Project Mogul
-Explanation for the 1947 Roswell, New Mexico, UFO Crash_ (Mount Ranier,
-Md.: The Fund for UFO Research, 1995), 2.
-
-[10] Headquarters United States Air Force, _The Roswell Report: Fact
-vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert_ (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government
-Printing Office, 1995), Attachment 32, _Synopsis of Balloon Research
-Findings_, by 1st Lt. James McAndrew, 9.
-
-[11] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 14.
-
-[12] Video, _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Gerald Anderson
-interview (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993) (hereafter
-_Recollections of Roswell, Part II_).
-
-[13] James Ragsdale, transcript of interview with Donald R. Schmitt,
-January 26, 1994.
-
-[14] Frank J. Kaufman, interview with Kevin Randle and Donald Schmitt,
-January 27, 1990.
-
-[15] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Maltais interview.
-
-[16] ibid., Anderson interview.
-
-[17] ibid.
-
-[18] ibid., Maltais interview.
-
-[19] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[20] Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, _The Roswell Incident_ (New
-York: Berkley, 1980), 61.
-
-[21] ibid.
-
-[22] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Alice Knight interview.
-
-[23] Ragsdale and _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson
-interview.
-
-[24] ibid.
-
-[25] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[26] Ragsdale.
-
-[27] James M. Grimwood, _Project Mercury: A Chronology_, Report No.
-SP4001 (Wash. D.C.: NASA, 1963) 2–3, and Lloyd Mallan, _Men, Rockets
-and Space Rats_, (New York: Julian Messier Inc., 1955) 84–98.
-
-[28] Research Division, College of Engineering, New York University,
-_Technical Report No. 93.02, Constant Level Balloons_, Section 3,
-_Summary of Flights_, July 15, 1949.
-
-[29] Capt. Vincent Mazza and Capt. Richard V. Wheeler, _High Altitude
-Bailouts_, MCREXD-695-66M (Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: USAF Air Materiel
-Command, September 18, 1950), 10–11.
-
-[30] A. M. Jacobs, “The Flier’s SOS,” _St. Nicholas Magazine_, Vol.
-LII, No. 10 (August 1925), 1034–1039.
-
-[31] ibid.
-
-[32] Memo, Major H.H. Arnold, Chief Field Service Section, to
-Commanding Officer, San Antonio Air Depot, subj: Drop Testing of
-Parachutes, November 2, 1929. National Air and Space Museum Archives,
-Paul E. Garber Facility, Silver Hill, Md., file no. 452.031,
-Parachutes-(Dummies) 1927–1929.
-
-[33] J. Allen Neal, _History: Development of Methods for Escape from
-High Speed Aircraft, Vol. 1_, (Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Air Research
-and Development Command, 1958), U.S. Air Force Museum Archives,
-Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.
-
-[34] Memo, Ted Smith, to W.A. Daler, subj: Bid for Purchase Request
-No. 301200, September 17, 1954, National Archives and Records
-Administration, Accession No. 342-67E-2954, box 5/15, file 28.
-
-[35] H.T.E. Hertzberg, _Anthropology of Anthropomorphic Dummies_, Air
-Force Medical Research Laboratory, AMRL-TR-69-61, February 1970, 3.
-
-[36] Maj. John P. Stapp, _Human Tolerance to Linear Deceleration,
-Part I. Preliminary Survey of the Aft Facing Seated Position_, Air
-Force Technical Report 5915, (Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air
-Development Center, 1949) and Maj. John P. Stapp, _Part II. The Aft
-Facing Position and the Development of a Crash Harness_, Air Force
-Technical Report 5915 (Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air Development
-Center, 1951).
-
-[37] H.T.E. Hertzberg, _Anthropology of Anthropomorphic Dummies_, Air
-Force Medical Research Laboratory, AMRL-TR-69-61, February 1970, 3.
-
-[38] ibid.
-
-[39] ltr., H.L. Daulton, Vice President and Secretary-Treasurer,
-Sierra Engineering Company, to W.A. Daler, Headquarters Air Materiel
-Command, subject: Proposal, Purchase Request No. 301200, September
-16, 1954, National Archives and Records Administration, Accession No.
-342-67E-2954, box 5/15, file 28.
-
-[40] Joseph Smreka, Senior Design Engineer, First Technology Safety
-Systems, “Dummies—Past and Present,” 2 (unpublished manuscript).
-
-[41] Sierra Engineering Co., “Sierra Sam,” 1955, National Archives and
-Records Administration, Accession No. 342-67E-2954, box 5/15, file 28.
-
-[42] 1st Lt. Raymond A. Madson, _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops,
-Part I. The Unstabilized Dummy Drops_, WADC Technical Report 57-477,
-(Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air Development Center, Oct 1957)
-(hereafter _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I_), 27, and 1st
-Lt. Raymond A. Madson, _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, II. The
-Stabilized Dummy Drops_, WADC Technical Report 57-477 (II) (Wright
-Patterson AFB, OH: Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Force Systems
-Command, August 1961) (hereafter _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops
-Part II_), 18.
-
-[43] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I_, 1.
-
-[44] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I_, and _High Altitude
-Balloon Dummy Drops Part II_, and Holloman Air Development Center,
-Weekly Test Status Reports, Project MX-1450B (Manned Balloon), National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, MO, Accession No. 342-62A-A-641, box 115/248, folder;
-R-695-61D, “High Altitude Escape Studies, Gen B-1, Manned Balloon
-Flights.”
-
-[45] ibid.
-
-[46] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I_, 1, and _High Altitude
-Balloon Dummy Drops Part II_, 18.
-
-[47] Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., _The Long, Lonely Leap_,
-(New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1961), and Lt. Col. David G.
-Simons, _Man High_, (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1960), and
-Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., “The Long, Lonely Leap,” _National
-Geographic_ 118, no. 6 (December 1960): 854-873, “Fantastic Catch
-in the Sky, Record Leap towards Earth,” _Life_ 49, no. 9 (August
-29, 1960): 20–25, _Popular Mechanics Magazine_, January 1951: 118,
-_Collier’s_, June 25, 1954, _Time_, September 12, 1955, “The Fastest
-Man on Earth”.
-
-[48] Don Reilly, “MAD Salutes an Unsung Hero,” _MAD_, no. 61, (March
-1961), 46.
-
-[49] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I_, and _High Altitude
-Balloon Dummy Drops Part II_.
-
-[50] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part II_, 11–12.
-
-[51] Signed, sworn statement of Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret)
-and _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 16.
-
-[52] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 5.
-
-[53] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 17.
-
-[54] ibid., and Memorandum, subj: Balloon Tracking and Recovery
-Equipment, n.d., National Archives and Records Administration,
-Accession No. 342-67B-2133, box 65/249, file 2, “Biophysics
-Branch-Escape Section, High Altitude Escape Studies, 7218-71719,”
-and Robert Blankenship, retired Balloon Branch Recovery Supervisor,
-telephone interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, July 14, 1995.
-
-[55] Signed, sworn statement of Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret).
-
-[56] Blankenship, and Balloon Tracking and Recovery Equipment, n.d.,
-and Bernard D. Gildenberg, _Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level
-Balloon Operations in the Southwestern United States_ (hereafter
-_Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level Balloon Operations in the
-Southwestern United States_), AFCRL-66-706 (L.G. Hanscom Field,
-Bedford, MA: Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, October 1966),
-27.
-
-[57] Historical Branch, Office of Information Services, Air Force
-Missile Development Center, _Contributions of Balloon Operations to
-Research and Development at the Air Force Missile Development Center
-Holloman AFB, N. Mex. 1947–1958_ (Holloman AFB, NM: Air Research
-and Development Command, 1958) (hereafter _Contributions of Balloon
-Operations to Research and Development at the Air Force Missile
-Development Center, 1947–1958_), 90.
-
-[58] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 16.
-
-[59] ibid., 17.
-
-[60] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 17.
-
-[61] Maj. John P. Stapp, _Human Tolerance to Linear Deceleration,
-Part I. Preliminary Survey of the Aft Facing Seated Position_, Air
-Force Technical Report 5915, (Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air
-Development Center, 1949) and Maj. John P. Stapp, _Part II. The Aft
-Facing Position and the Development of a Crash Harness_, Air Force
-Technical Report 5915 (Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air Development
-Center, 1951).
-
-[62] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II_, 6.
-
-[63] Signed, sworn statement of Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF
-(Ret).
-
-[64] ibid.
-
-[65] Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc., “Instructions for Operation
-and Maintenance, Model F-95 Anthropomorphic Test Dummies,” May 3,
-1956, 1, and Glenn Richards, retired Balloon Branch Instrumentation
-Specialist, telephone interview with Capt. James McAndrew, September 5,
-1995.
-
-[66] Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc., “Instructions for Operation
-and Maintenance, Model F-95 Anthropomorphic Test Dummies,” May 3,
-1956, 1, and Ronald G. Hansen, Lt. Col. USAR, (Ret), Balloon Recovery
-Helicopter Pilot, telephone interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May
-1, 1995.
-
-[67] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 7–8.
-
-[68] Blankenship.
-
-[69] ibid.
-
-[70] _The Beverly Hills Citizen_, March 12, 1956, 7.
-
-[71] Research Division, College of Engineering, New York University,
-_Special Report No. 1, Constant Level Balloon_, May 1947, 20–22.
-
-[72] Research Division, College of Engineering, New York University,
-Technical Report No. 93.03, _Constant Level Balloons, Operations_,
-March 1, 1951, 105.
-
-[73] U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory, “Phillips Laboratory Space
-Experiments Directorate, Balloon, Rocket, and Satellite Capabilities,”
-n.d., 33.
-
-[74] Bernard D. Gildenberg, Balloon Branch Meteorologist and Engineer,
-interviewed by 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 28, 1995, and _Contributions
-of Balloon Operations 1947–1958_, 73.
-
-[75] ibid.
-
-[76] ibid.
-
-[77] _Contributions of Balloon Operations 1947–1958_, 73.
-
-[78] “Flight Summary, Non-Extensible Balloon Operations, 6580th Test
-Squadron (Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” 22–24.
-
-[79] _Contributions of Balloon Operations 1947–1958_, 73–74.
-
-[80] Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC), _Stratosphere Balloon Techniques
-for Exposing Living Specimens to Primary Cosmic Ray Particles_,
-Holloman Air Development Center TR 54-16, November 1954, 10–11.
-
-[81] “Flight Summary Non-Extensible Balloon Operations 6580th
-Test Squadron (Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” 1–31, and
-_Contributions of Balloon Operations 1947–1958_, 24.
-
-[82] “Flight Summary Non-Extensible Balloon Operations 6580th Test
-Squadron (Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” 4.
-
-[83] Research Division, College of Engineering, New York University,
-_Technical Report No. 93.02, Constant Level Balloons_, Section 3,
-_Summary of Flights_, July 15, 1949, 32, in Headquarters United States
-Air Force, _The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico
-Desert_ (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995),
-Appendix 12.
-
-[84] Holloman Air Development Center, “Test Report on Radar Target
-Balloons”, October 31, 1955, Air Force Historical Research Agency,
-Maxwell, AFB, AL, Reel # 31811, Frame 1139, and _Contributions of
-Balloon Operations 1947–1958_, 40–45.
-
-[85] Kevin C. Ruffner, ed., _Corona: America’s First Satellite Program_
-(Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central
-Intelligence Agency, 1995), 22.
-
-[86] ibid., 21–22.
-
-[87] Air Force Missile Development Center, “Chronology of Events,”
-Sept. 1, 1957-Aug 10, 1962, Air Force Historical Research Agency,
-Maxwell, AFB, AL, Reel # 31731, Frame 561, and Flight Records of
-Bernard D. Gildenberg, Meteorologist, Holloman AFB Balloon Branch,
-October 12, 1956-March 14, 1961.
-
-[88] Flight Summary, DISCOVERER Balloon Flights, March 31, 1960-April
-22, 1960, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell, AFB, AL, Reel#
-31811, frame 569.
-
-[89] ibid.
-
-[90] ibid.
-
-[91] Kevin C. Ruffner, ed., _Corona: America’s First Satellite Program_
-(Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central
-Intelligence Agency, 1995), 21–22.
-
-[92] ibid.
-
-[93] ibid.
-
-[94] Martin Marietta Corporation, “Viking '75, Balloon Launched
-Decelerator Test Program Post Flight Report, BLDT Vehicle AV-3,” TR
-3720293, 1972, IV-I and Edward J. Kirschner, _Aerospace Balloons; From
-Montgolfiere to Space_ (Blue Ridge Summit, Pa.: Aero Publishers, 1985),
-64–66.
-
-[95] Martin Marietta Corporation, “Viking '75, Balloon Launched
-Decelerator Test Program Post Flight Report, BLDT Vehicle AV-3,” TR
-3720293, 1972, IV-I.
-
-[96] Kevin D. Randle and Donald R. Schmitt, _The Truth About the UFO
-Crash at Roswell_ (New York: Avon Books, 1994), photograph section.
-
-[97] Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, “Report on Research,
-for the Period July 1965-June 1967”, AFCRL TR-68-0039, November 1967,
-150–151.
-
-[98] Gildenberg.
-
-[99] Database of high altitude balloon operations on file at SAF/AAZD
-compiled from the following sources: Research Division, College of
-Engineering, New York University, _Technical Report No. 93.02, Constant
-Level Balloons_, Section 3, _Summary of Flights_, July 15, 1949;
-“Flight Summary Non-Extensible Balloon Operations 6580th Test Squadron
-(Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.,
-Accession No. 342-62A-181, box 14/18; Flight Records of Bernard D.
-Gildenberg, Meteorologist, Holloman AFB Balloon Branch, October 12,
-1956-March 14, 1961; “Summary of Balloon Flights Launched from Holloman
-AFB, N.M., 1962 thru 1987”, Space and Missile Command, Test and
-Evaluation Unit (SMC/TE, OL-AC) files, Holloman AFB, N.M. Additional
-flight data on file (microfilm), U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory,
-Geophysics Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Mass.
-
-[100] Bernard D. Gildenberg, _Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level
-Balloon Operations in the Southwestern United States_, AFCRL-66-706
-(L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, MA: Air Force Cambridge Research
-Laboratories, October 1966), and Bernard D. Gildenberg, _General
-Philosophy and Techniques of Balloon Control_, in Lewis A. Grass, ed.,
-_Proceedings, Sixth AFCRL Scientific Balloon Symposium_, AFCRL-70-0543,
-(L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Mass.: Air Force Cambridge Research
-Laboratories, October 1970).
-
-[101] Blankenship.
-
-[102] ibid.
-
-[103] ibid.
-
-[104] ibid.
-
-[105] ibid.
-
-[106] Joseph Longshore, Balloon Branch Supervisor, telephone interview
-with Capt. James McAndrew, August 16, 1995.
-
-[107] Signed sworn statement of James Ragsdale in Ragsdale Productions
-Inc., _The Jim Ragsdale Story: A Closer Look at the Roswell Incident_
-(Hall Poorbough Press, Inc., 1996), 10–11, and signed sworn statement
-of James Ragsdale in Karl T. Pflock, _Roswell in Perspective_
-(Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1994), 167.
-
-[108] James Ragsdale, interview with Donald R. Schmitt, January 26,
-1993.
-
-[109] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II_, 17.
-
-[110] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I_, 27–30 and _High
-Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II_, 6, 10–12, 17.
-
-[111] Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF (Ret), interview with 1st
-Lt. James McAndrew, June 23, 1995.
-
-[112] _Contributions of Balloon Operations to Research and Development
-at the Air Force Missile Development Center, 1947–1958_, 90, and
-_Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level Balloon Operations in the
-Southwestern United States_, 1.
-
-[113] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I_, 24.
-
-[114] Blankenship and Kittinger.
-
-[115] ibid.
-
-[116] Memorandum, subj: Balloon Tracking and Recovery Equipment, n.d.,
-National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., Accession No. 342-67B-2133, box 65/249,
-file 2, “Biophysics Branch-Escape Section, High Altitude Escape
-Studies, 7218-71719.”
-
-[117] ibid., and Blankenship.
-
-[118] Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, _The Roswell Incident_ (New
-York: Berkley, 1980), 64, and Don Berliner and Stanton Friedman, _Crash
-at Corona_ (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 88.
-
-[119] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Knight interview.
-
-[120] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Maltais interview.
-
-[121] Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, _The Roswell Incident_ (New
-York: Berkley, 1980), 64, and Don Berliner and Stanton Friedman, _Crash
-at Corona_ (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 88.
-
-[122] Berliner and Friedman, 89.
-
-[123] Mark Rodeghier and Fred Whiting, _The Plains of San Agustin
-Controversy, July, 1947: Gerald Anderson, Barney Barnett, and the
-Archaeologists_, Introduction (Chicago, IL, Washington, D.C.: J. Allen
-Hynek Center for UFO Studies and The Fund for UFO Research, June 1992),
-2.
-
-[124] ibid.
-
-[125] Kevin D. Randle, Donald R. Schmitt, and Thomas J. Carey, _Gerald
-Anderson and the Plains of San Agustin, in The Plains of San Agustin
-Controversy, July, 1947: Gerald Anderson, Barney Barnett, and the
-Archaeologists_ (Chicago, IL, Washington, D.C.: J. Allen Hynek Center
-for UFO Studies, and The Fund for UFO Research, June 1992), 19.
-
-[126] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[127] Berliner and Friedman, 90.
-
-[128] ibid., 91.
-
-[129] Gerald F. Anderson, interview with Kevin D. Randle, February 4,
-1990, in _The Plains of San Agustin Controversy, July, 1947: Gerald
-Anderson, Barney Barnett, and the Archaeologists_ (Chicago, IL,
-Washington, D.C.: J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies and The Fund
-for UFO Research, June 1992), 59.
-
-[130] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[131] ibid.
-
-[132] ibid.
-
-[133] ibid.
-
-[134] ibid.
-
-[135] Blankenship and Kittinger.
-
-[136] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[137] “Sierra Sam: Scientific Whipping Boy,” _Machine Design_, December
-22, 1960 and “Dummy Takes a Beating for Science’s Sake,” _Aviation
-Week_, January 12, 1953.
-
-[138] Ragsdale.
-
-[139] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[140] Alderson Research Laboratories Inc., “Modular Series
-Anthropomorphic Test Dummies,” Alderson Research Laboratories Inc.,
-June 1955), 5.
-
-[141] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[142] ibid.
-
-[143] Signed, sworn statement of Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col., USAF
-(Ret).
-
-[144] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[145] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 22.
-
-[146] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[147] _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_, 9, and _High
-Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II_, 8.
-
-[148] Berliner and Friedman, 91.
-
-[149] ibid., 92–94.
-
-[150] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[151] ibid.
-
-[152] Memorandum, subject: Balloon Tracking and Recovery Equipment,
-n.d., National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., Accession No. 342-67B-2133, box 65/249,
-file 2, “Biophysics Branch-Escape Section, High Altitude Escape
-Studies, 7218-71719,” and _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I_,
-17, and “Weekly Test Status Report on Project 7218, Manned Balloon
-Flights, (MX-1450B)”, for Week Ending 28 February 1955, National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, Mo., Accession No. 342-66A-181, Box 14/18.
-
-[153] Kittinger and Historical Branch, Office of Information Services,
-Air Research and Development Command, _History of Flight Support
-Holloman Air Development Center 1946–1957_ (Holloman AFB, N.M.:
-Holloman Air Development Center, 1957), 101.
-
-[154] Blankenship.
-
-[155] Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-
-[156] Bernard D. Gildenberg, _Techniques Developed for Heavy Load
-Non-Extensible Balloon Flights_, Report No. HADC-TN-54-3 (Holloman AFB,
-NM: Holloman Air Development Center, March 1954), 7.
-
-[157] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[158] Blankenship and Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF, (Ret), Balloon Branch
-Communications Supervisor, interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May
-28, 1995.
-
-[159] ibid.
-
-[160] Berliner and Friedman, 107.
-
-[161] ibid.
-
-[162] Blankenship.
-
-[163] Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-
-[164] Blankenship.
-
-[165] Signed sworn statement of James Ragsdale in, Ragsdale Productions
-Inc., _The Jim Ragsdale Story: A Closer Look at the Roswell Incident_
-(Hall Poorbough Press, Inc., 1996), 10–11, and signed sworn statement
-of James Ragsdale in Karl T. Pflock, _Roswell in Perspective_
-(Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1994), 167.
-
-[166] Ragsdale.
-
-[167] Frank J. Kaufman, interview with Kevin Randle and Donald Schmitt,
-January 27, 1990.
-
-[168] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[169] Ragsdale.
-
-[170] ibid.
-
-[171] Berliner and Friedman, 92.
-
-[172] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Maltais interview.
-
-[173] ibid., Knight interview.
-
-[174] ibid., Anderson interview.
-
-[175] ibid., Maltais interview.
-
-[176] ibid.
-
-[177] ibid., Anderson interview.
-
-[178] Ragsdale.
-
-[179] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[180] ibid., Maltais interview.
-
-[181] ibid., Anderson interview.
-
-[182] ibid.
-
-[183] ibid., Maltais interview.
-
-[184] ibid., Anderson interview.
-
-[185] Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, _The Roswell Incident_ (New
-York: Berkley, 1980), 61.
-
-[186] Berliner and Friedman, 92.
-
-[187] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[188] Berliner and Friedman, 91.
-
-[189] ibid.
-
-[190] ibid., 92.
-
-[191] ibid., 91.
-
-[192] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Maltais interview.
-
-[193] Berliner and Friedman, 93.
-
-[194] ibid., 93–94.
-
-[195] ibid., 92.
-
-[196] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[197] Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-
-[198] Ragsdale.
-
-[199] ibid.
-
-[200] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[201] ibid.
-
-[202] Ragsdale.
-
-[203] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[204] ibid.
-
-[205] ibid.
-
-[206] Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-
-[207] Ragsdale.
-
-[208] Berliner and Friedman, 107.
-
-[209] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[210] ibid.
-
-[211] Ragsdale.
-
-[212] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[213] Ragsdale.
-
-[214] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[215] Ragsdale.
-
-[216] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Anderson interview.
-
-[217] ibid.
-
-[218] Berliner and Friedman, 107.
-
-
-
-
-                          Notes - Section Two
-
-
-[1] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 103.
-
-[2] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 117, 120, and W. Glenn Dennis, interview with
-Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992, 18–19.
-
-[3] Video, _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis
-interview (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993) (hereafter
-_Recollections of Roswell, Part II_).
-
-[4] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[5] ibid.
-
-[6] ibid.
-
-[7] ibid.
-
-[8] ibid., and W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November
-2, 1992, and Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-Breaks His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 103.
-
-[9] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 103.
-
-[10] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[11] ibid.
-
-[12] ibid.
-
-[13] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 120, and W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T.
-Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[14] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 103.
-
-[15] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[16] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 117.
-
-[17] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[18] ibid.
-
-[19] ibid.
-
-[20] ibid.
-
-[21] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman, August 5,
-1989.
-
-[22] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[23] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[24] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[25] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[26] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[27] ibid.
-
-[28] ibid.
-
-[29] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 119, and Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The
-Mortician of Roswell Breaks His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995,
-105.
-
-[30] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[31] ibid.
-
-[32] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[33] ibid.
-
-[34] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks
-His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 105, and W. Glenn Dennis,
-interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[35] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 105.
-
-[36] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman, August 5,
-1989.
-
-[37] ibid.
-
-[38] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 119.
-
-[39] Headquarters United States Air Force, _The Roswell Report:
-Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert_ (Washington, D.C.: U.S.
-Government Printing Office, 1995), Attachment 32, “Synopsis of Balloon
-Research Findings by 1st Lt. James McAndrew”.
-
-[40] 427th AAFBU Sq “M” Morning Reports, July 8–9, 1947, National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[41] Personnel record of 1st Lt. Angele A. (LaRue) Thessing, National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[42] ibid.
-
-[43] Personnel records of Capt. Joyce Goddard, 1st Lt. Rosemary J.
-Brown, 1st Lt. Eileen M. Fanton, 1st Lt. Angele A. LaRue, 1st Lt.
-Claudia Uebele, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[44] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks
-His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 132, and W. Glenn Dennis,
-interview with Stanton T. Friedman, August 5, 1989.
-
-[45] Paul McCarthy, “The Case of the Vanishing Nurses,” _Omni_, Fall
-1995, 107–114.
-
-[46] WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” Personnel
-Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[47] DD Form 214, “Armed Forces of the United States Report of
-Transfer or Discharge”, April 30, 1958, Personnel file of Capt. Eileen
-M. Fanton, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[48] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 132.
-
-[49] WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” and WD AGO FORM
-66-3, “AAF Medical Dep’t Officer’s Qualification Record,” Personnel
-Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[50] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[51] WD AGO FORM 66-3, “AAF Medical Dep’t Officer’s Qualification
-Record,” Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives
-and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St.
-Louis, Mo.
-
-[52] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 104 and W. Glenn Dennis, interview
-with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992, 11, 15.
-
-[53] WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” Personnel
-Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[54] ibid.
-
-[55] WD MD FORM 55A, “Clinical Record Brief,” September 5, 1947, and WD
-AGO FORM 8-38, “Special Examination or Additional Data,” September 11,
-1947, Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives and
-Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-Mo.
-
-[56] ibid, and Physical Examination Board Proceedings, Capt. Eileen M.
-Fanton, August 24, 1955, Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton,
-National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[57] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman, August 5,
-1989, and W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2,
-1992.
-
-[58] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman, August 5,
-1989.
-
-[59] ibid.
-
-[60] Roster of Officers, 6th Bomb Wing, Walker AFB, N.M., December
-30, 1952, “History of the 6th Bomb Wing, December 1952,” Air Force
-Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[61] ibid.
-
-[62] Dr. Frank B. Nordstrom, interview with Capt. James McAndrew, April
-25, 1996, and Dr. Frank B. Nordstrom, Signed Sworn Statement, April 25,
-1996.
-
-[63] Charles E. Clouthier, Signed Sworn Statement, April 26, 1996.
-
-[64] ibid.
-
-[65] J.P. Cahn, “Flying Saucers and the Mysterious Little Green Men,”
-_True_ 31, No. 184, (September 1952), 19.
-
-[66] ibid., 103.
-
-[67] ibid., 19.
-
-[68] J.P. Cahn, “Flying Saucer Swindlers,” _True_ 36, No. 231, (August
-1956), 36.
-
-[69] ibid., 36.
-
-[70] J.P. Cahn, “Flying Saucers and the Mysterious Little Green Men,”
-_True_ 31, No. 184, (September 1952), 110.
-
-[71] ibid.
-
-[72] “4 Rank Titles Change,” _Air Force Times_, March 29, 1952, 1, 22.
-
-[73] Alan L. Gropman, _The Air Force Integrates, 1945–1964_
-(Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1985), 243.
-
-[74] Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, _Crash at Corona_ (New York:
-Paragon House, 1992), 117.
-
-[75] WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” and AF FORM 11,
-“Officer Military Record,” Personnel Record of Col. Lee F. Ferrell,
-National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[76] ibid.
-
-[77] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks
-His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 105, and W. Glenn Dennis,
-interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[78] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 105.
-
-[79] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks
-His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 105, and W. Glenn Dennis,
-interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[80] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-
-[81] ibid.
-
-[82] ibid.
-
-[83] 427th AAFBU Sq. “M” Morning Reports, July 1–31, 1947, National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[84] WD AGO FORM 1, “Morning Report,” 427th AAFBU Sq. “M,” April
-1, 1947 through October 1, 1947, and WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s
-Qualification Record,” Personnel Record of Capt. Joyce Goddard,
-National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[85] WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” Personnel Record
-of Capt. Joyce Goddard, National Archives and Records Administration,
-National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[86] WD AGO FORM 1, “Morning Report,” 427th AAFBU, Sq. “M,” August 7,
-1947, National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[87] ibid., and WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,”
-Personnel Record of Capt. Lucille C. Slattery, National Archives and
-Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-Mo.
-
-[88] Ethel Kovatch-Scott, Col., USAF (Ret), telephone interview with
-Capt. James McAndrew, May 5, 1995 and July 3, 1996, and Mary Hoadley,
-Lt. Col., USAF (Ret), telephone interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew,
-May 5, 1995, and Mary L. Wiggins, Maj., USAF (Ret), telephone interview
-with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 5, 1995.
-
-[89] ibid.
-
-[90] WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” Personnel
-Record of Capt. Lucille C. Slattery, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[91] WD AGO FORM 1, “Morning Report,” 427th AAFBU, Sq. “M,” 509th
-Station Medical Group, 509th Medical Group, 509th Medical Squadron,
-January 1947 through February 1952, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-and Rosters of Officers, 509th Bomb Wing- February 1952 through July
-1958, 6th Bomb Wing- February 1952 through March 1967, and AF FORM 11,
-“Officer Military Record,” Personnel Record of Maj. Idabelle M. Wilson,
-National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[92] AF FORM 11, “Officer Military Record,” Personnel Record of Maj.
-Idabelle M. Wilson, National Archives and Records Administration,
-National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[93] ibid.
-
-[94] Idabelle M. Wilson, Maj., USAF, (Ret), telephone interview with
-1st Lt. James McAndrew, April 28, 1995.
-
-[95] ibid.
-
-[96] Memo: Jack A. Comstock, Maj. (MC), Surgeon, 509th Station Medical
-Group, to Major Robert W. Schick, Investigating Officer, Headquarters,
-USAF, subj: Investigation of B-29 Crash, 18 August 1948, Aircraft
-Accident No. 48-8-12, Aircraft #44-86383, Air Force Historical Research
-Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL. and WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,”
-12 August 1948, Personnel records of Air Force members, service
-numbers AF 18041408 and AF 16191866, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[97] ibid.
-
-[98] ibid.
-
-[99] WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 16 May 1949, Personnel
-records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 827137 and AF
-42050093, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[100] WD AGO Form 5-4, “Individual Crash Fire Report,” 20 May 1949,
-Aircraft Accident No. 49-5-16, Aircraft #43-48401, Air Force Historical
-Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[101] WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 16 May 1949,
-Personnel records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 827137 and
-AF 42050093, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[102] WD AGO Form 5-4, “Individual Crash Fire Report,” 19 December
-1949, Aircraft Accident No. 49-12-15-2, Air Force Historical Research
-Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[103] WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 19 December 1949,
-and “Autopsy Report,” Personnel records of Air Force members, service
-numbers 17343A, AF 11101085, and 15239923, National Archives and
-Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-Mo.
-
-[104] ibid.
-
-[105] WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 1 June 1950,
-Personnel records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 685565 and
-AF 32668639, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[106] ibid.
-
-[107] ibid.
-
-[108] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 16, 1955 of Air Force
-members, service numbers AO 3006516 and AO 3004607, Aircraft Accident
-No. 55-6-16-6, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[109] DD Form 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” June 16, 1955,
-Personnel Records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 3006516 and
-AO 3004607, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[110] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 16, 1955, of Air
-Force members, service numbers AO 3006516 and AO 3004607, Aircraft
-Accident No. 55-6-16-6, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell
-AFB, AL.
-
-[111] Air Force Form 14b, “Medical Report of an Individual Involved in
-AF Aircraft Accident,” 3 October 1955, Aircraft Accident No. 55-10-3-6,
-Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[112] Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. October 4, thru October
-7, 1955, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to MCTSG,
-October 12, 1955, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip
-Rpts., Search & Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records
-Center, St. Louis, Mo., and AF Form 715, “Preparation Room History,”
-4 October 1955, Personnel Record of Air Force member, service number
-1521B/2009467, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[113] Air Force Form 14b, “Medical Report of an Individual Involved in
-AF Aircraft Accident,” 3 October 1955, Aircraft Accident No. 55-10-3-6,
-Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[114] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956, Personnel
-Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and AF
-37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[115] Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through 30 June
-1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas W. Toy,
-Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division, Accession
-No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search & Ident:
-Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[116] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956, Personnel
-Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and AF
-37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Air Force Form 14b,
-“Medical Report of an Individual Involved in AF Aircraft Accident,”
-June 26, 1956, Headquarters Air Force Safety Agency, Kirtland AFB, N.M.
-
-[117] AF Form 697, “Identification Findings and Conclusions,” 3 Feb
-1960, Personnel Records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 794152
-and 1046844, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[118] ibid.
-
-[119] ibid.
-
-[120] Charles A. Ravenstein, _Air Force Combat Wings; Lineage and
-Honors Histories, 1947–1977_ (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
-Office, 1984), 16, 275–276.
-
-[121] Air Force Form 14, “Report of Air Force Aircraft Accident,” June
-26, 1956, Headquarters Air Force Safety Agency, Kirtland AFB, N.M.
-
-[122] ibid.
-
-[123] ibid.
-
-[124] ibid.
-
-[125] ibid.
-
-[126] Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through 30 June
-1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas W. Toy,
-Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division, Accession
-No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search & Ident:
-Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[127] ibid.
-
-[128] Jack L. Whenry, Maj., USAF, (Ret), telephone interview with 1st
-Lt. James McAndrew, January 26, 1995, and John C. Walter, MSgt., USAF
-(Ret), telephone interview with Capt. James McAndrew, June 29, 1995 and
-July 12, 1996.
-
-[129] ibid.
-
-[130] Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through 30 June
-1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas W. Toy,
-Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division, Accession
-No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search & Ident:
-Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[131] ibid.
-
-[132] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview,
-and Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His
-Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 104.
-
-[133] DD Form 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” June 26, 1956,
-Personnel Record of AF 37578524, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[134] Whenry, Walters, and Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November 1953,
-“Mortuary Affairs,” 28, Record Group 341, Entry 36, Box 13, Microfilm
-Reel 167, National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, Md.
-
-[135] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[136] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956, Personnel
-Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and AF
-37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[137] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[138] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956, Personnel
-Record of Air Force member, service number AF 37578524, National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[139] ibid.
-
-[140] ibid.
-
-[141] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[142] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956, Personnel
-Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and AF
-37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Air Force Form 14b,
-“Medical Report of an Individual Involved in AF Aircraft Accident,”
-June 26, 1956, Headquarters Air Force Safety Agency, Kirtland AFB, N.M.
-
-[143] DD Form 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” June 26, 1956,
-Personnel Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and
-AF 37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[144] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks
-His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 108.
-
-[145] Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. October 4, thru October 7,
-1955, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to MCTSG, October
-12, 1955, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts.,
-Search & Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives
-and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St.
-Louis, Mo., and AF Form 697, “Identification Findings and Conclusions,”
-3 Feb 1960, Personnel Records of Air Force members, service numbers
-AO 794152 and 1046844, National Archives and Records Administration,
-National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[146] Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November 1953, “Mortuary Affairs,”
-28–29, Accession No. 341, Entry 36, Box 13, Microfilm Reel 167,
-National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, Md.
-
-[147] Official Trip Report—Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through 30 June
-1956, George J. Schwaderer, Identification Specialist, to Thomas
-W. Toy, Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, July 5, 1956, Accession No.
-342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search & Ident: Mar 56 to
-Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and Records Administration,
-National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Jack L. Whenry,
-Maj., USAF, (Ret), telephone interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew,
-January 26, 1995, and John C. Walter, MSgt., USAF (Ret), telephone
-interview with Capt. James McAndrew, June 29, 1995 and July 12, 1996.
-
-[148] Walter and Whenry.
-
-[149] ibid.
-
-[150] WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” and AF FORM 11,
-“Officer Military Record,” Personnel Record of Col. Lee F. Ferrell,
-National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[151] “Air Force Care of Deceased Personnel (1951–1959), Volume
-1: Text”, Historical Study No. 236, Call No. K 201-326, Air Force
-Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[152] Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November 1953, “Mortuary Affairs,”
-27, Accession No. 341, Entry 36, Box 13, Microfilm Reel 167, National
-Archives and Record Administration, College Park, Md.
-
-[153] Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through 30 June
-1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas W. Toy,
-Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division, July 5,
-1956 and Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. October 4, thru October
-7, 1955, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to MCTSG, October
-12, 1955, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts.,
-Search & Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives
-and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St.
-Louis, Mo.
-
-[154] Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through 30 June
-1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas W. Toy,
-Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division, July 5,
-1956, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search
-& Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and
-Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-Mo.
-
-[155] George J. Schwaderer, telephone interview with Capt. James
-McAndrew, June 28, 1996.
-
-[156] ibid.
-
-[157] Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November 1953, “Mortuary Affairs,”
-27, Accession No. 341, Entry 36, Box 13, Microfilm Reel 167, National
-Archives and Record Administration, College Park, Md.
-
-[158] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks
-His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 104.
-
-[159] Memo, Charles J. Stahl, M.D., Armed Forces Medical Examiner,
-to Capt. James McAndrew, SAF/AAZD, subj: Request for Information on
-Aircraft Crash Fatalities, October 13, 1995.
-
-[160] Unit history, 4036 USAF Hospital, Walker AFB, N.M., June 1956, 6,
-Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[161] ibid.
-
-[162] Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956, Personnel
-Record of of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and AF
-37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[163] Air Force Missile Development Center, _MAN-HIGH I_, MDC-TR-59-24,
-1959, and Lt. Col. David G. Simons, _MAN HIGH II_, Air Force Missile
-Development Center, Holloman AFB, N.M., AFMDC-TR-59-28, June 1959, 1,
-and Air Force Missile Development Center, _MAN HIGH III_, MDC-TR-60-16,
-1961.
-
-[164] Historical Branch, Office of Information Services, Air Force
-Missile Development Center, Air Research and Development Command,
-Holloman AFB, N.M., _Contributions of Balloon Operations to Research
-and Development at the Air Force Missile Development Center Holloman
-Air Force Base, N. Mex. 1947–1958_ (hereafter _Contributions of Balloon
-Operations 1947–1958_), 11.
-
-[165] ibid., and Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597,
-Schedule Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 19,
-20, 22, 1959, Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National Archives
-and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St.
-Louis, Mo.
-
-[166] DD FORM 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” May 21, 1959,
-Personnel Record of Capt. Dan D. Fulgham, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.,
-and Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule Request-
-Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 20, 1959, Accession No.
-342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National Archives and Records Administration,
-National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[167] DD Form 613, R&D Progress Card, Project 7164, “Physiology of
-Flight,” Task 71840, “Life Supporting Systems for Advanced Vehicles,”
-February 24, 1959, 30–31, National Archives and Record Administration
-Accession No. 342-75-095, Box 93/100, folder 1, and Technical “R&D”
-Record Book, Aeromedical Laboratory, Physiology Branch, “Life Support
-System for Orbital Flight,” Project 7164, Task 71840, 13–16, National
-Archives and Record Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, Mo. Accession No. 342-75-095, Box 93/100, folder 2.
-
-[168] Air Force Form 77, “USAF Officer Effectiveness Report, 1 Feb
-58 to 31 Jan 59, Personnel Record of Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.,
-National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.,
-_The Long, Lonely Leap_, (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1961) 131.
-
-[169] Air Force Missile Development Center, _Man-High I_, MDC-TR-59-24,
-1959.
-
-[170] Schedule Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,”
-May 19, 20, 22, 1959, Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National
-Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[171] ibid.
-
-[172] Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF, (Ret), interview with 1st Lt. James
-McAndrew, May 28, 1995.
-
-[173] Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule
-Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 19, 1959,
-Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[174] Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule
-Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 20, 1959,
-Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22.
-
-[175] ibid.
-
-[176] ibid.
-
-[177] ibid., and Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF (Ret), interview
-with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, June 23, 1995.
-
-[178] Kittinger.
-
-[179] ibid.
-
-[180] ibid.
-
-[181] Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF, (Ret), interview with 1st Lt. James
-McAndrew, May 26, 1995.
-
-[182] ibid. and Standard Form 539, “Abbreviated Clinical Record,” May
-21, 1959, Personnel Record of Col. Dan D. Fulgham, National Archives
-and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St.
-Louis, Mo.
-
-[183] ibid.
-
-[184] Jorgeson and Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF (Ret), interview with
-1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 31, 1995.
-
-[185] ibid.
-
-[186] Fulgham and William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col., USAF, (Ret), interview
-with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 24, 1995.
-
-[187] ibid.
-
-[188] Jorgeson.
-
-[189] Kaufman.
-
-[190] Signed, sworn statement of Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF, (Ret), May
-25, 1995.
-
-[191] Kittinger.
-
-[192] ibid.
-
-[193] Video, _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, Gerald Anderson
-interview, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993).
-
-[194] Kittinger and Air Force Form 77, “USAF Officer Effectiveness
-Report,” 1 Feb 58 to 31 Jan 59, Personnel Record of Col. Joseph W.
-Kittinger, Jr., National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[195] Kittinger.
-
-[196] ibid., and Kaufman.
-
-[197] Kittinger.
-
-[198] ibid.
-
-[199] ibid.
-
-[200] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[201] Signed, sworn statements of Charles A. Coltman, Col. (MC), USAF,
-(Ret), Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF, (Ret), Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.,
-Col., USAF, (Ret), Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF, (Ret), Ole Jorgeson,
-MSgt., USAF, (Ret), and statement of William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col.,
-USAF, (Ret).
-
-[202] Kittinger.
-
-[203] Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., _The Long, Lonely Leap_, (New
-York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1961) 130.
-
-[204] Kittinger.
-
-[205] Signed, sworn statements of Charles A. Coltman, Col. (MC), USAF,
-(Ret), Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF, (Ret), Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.,
-Col., USAF, (Ret), Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF, (Ret), Ole Jorgeson,
-MSgt., USAF, (Ret), and statement of William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col.,
-USAF, (Ret).
-
-[206] Craig D. Ryan, _The Pre-Astronauts_, (Annapolis: Naval Institute
-Press, 1995), 200.
-
-[207] Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule
-Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 19, 1959,
-Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and
-Memo: Maj. Lawrence M. Bogard, Chief, Balloon Branch, to MDWXB, subj:
-Project 7222, 8 May 1959.
-
-[208] ibid., and Jorgeson.
-
-[209] Jorgeson.
-
-[210] ibid.
-
-[211] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[212] ibid.
-
-[213] ibid.
-
-[214] Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks
-His Code of Silence,” _Omni_, Fall 1995, 103.
-
-[215] _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-
-[216] Jorgeson.
-
-[217] Unit History, 47th Air Division, June 1954, photo section, Air
-Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-
-[218] Unit History, 6th Bomb Wing, June 1959, Annex “N,” “Base Support
-Plan, Medical,” June 1, 1959.
-
-[219] Charles A. Ravenstein, _Air Force Combat Wings; Lineage and
-Honors Histories, 1947–1977_ (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
-Office, 1984), 16.
-
-[220] Kaufman.
-
-[221] ibid.
-
-[222] Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF, (Ret), interview with 1st Lt. James
-McAndrew, May 31, 1995.
-
-[223] Fulgham.
-
-[224] Kittinger.
-
-[225] ibid.
-
-[226] ibid.
-
-[227] ibid., and ltr., Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Director, Dearborn
-Observatory, Northwestern University, to Maj. Hector Quintanilla, Chief
-Aerial Phenomena Branch, December 6, 1965, National Air Intelligence
-Center historical files, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.
-
-[228] Kevin D. Randle and Donald R. Schmitt, _The Truth About the UFO
-Crash at Roswell_ (New York: Avon Books, 1994), 22.
-
-[229] Standard Form 539, “Abbreviated Clinical Record,” May 21, 1959,
-Personnel Record of Col. Dan D. Fulgham, National Archives and Records
-Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[230] Fulgham.
-
-[231] Kittinger.
-
-[232] ibid.
-
-[233] Kaufman.
-
-[234] DD Form 640, “Nursing Notes,” May 24, 1959, and DD Form 728,
-“Doctor’s Orders,” May 22, 1959, Personnel Record of Col. Dan D.
-Fulgham, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-
-[235] Kittinger, Kaufman, and DD Form 728 “Doctor’s Orders,” May 22,
-1959, Personnel Record of Col. Dan D. Fulgham, National Archives and
-Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-Mo.
-
-[236] ibid.
-
-[237] Kittinger.
-
-[238] ibid.
-
-[239] Fulgham.
-
-
-
-
-                              Appendix A
-
-  [Illustration: Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch and Landing Locations
-
-  Source: Test records of U.S. Air Force aeromedical project no.
-  7218, task 71719 (HIGH DIVE) and project no. 7222, task 71748
-  (EXCELSIOR).]
-
-
-                   High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Number  Date       Launch Site            Landing Site
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-   1    6/23/54   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-   2    6/28/54   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Dunkin, N.M.
-
-   3    6/30/54   Holloman AFB, N.M.   10 miles Southwest of
-                                       Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-   4    12/1/54   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-   5    12/2/54   Holloman AFB, N.M.   12 miles South of Artesia, N.M.
-
-   6    12/6/54   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Near Twin Buttes, N.M.
-
-   7    12/9/54   Holloman AFB, N.M.   3 miles West of Twin
-                                       Buttes, N.M.
-
-   8    2/23/55   Holloman AFB, N.M.   28 miles East of Roswell, N.M.
-
-   9    3/1/55    Holloman AFB, N.M.   25 miles South of Caprock, N.M.
-
-  10    3/3/55    Holloman AFB, N.M.   25 miles East/Northeast of
-                                       Roswell, N.M.
-
-  11    6/15/55   Holloman AFB, N.M.   5 miles Northwest of
-                                       Dunkin, N.M.
-
-  12    6/23/55   Holloman AFB, N.M.   35 miles Southwest of
-                                       Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  13    6/29/55   Holloman AFB, N.M.   25 miles West of Three
-                                       Rivers, N.M.
-
-  14    7/7/55    Holloman AFB, N.M.   13 miles West of Tularosa
-                                       Peak, N.M.
-
-  15    7/15/55   Holloman AFB, N.M.   15 miles Northeast of
-                                       Hatch, N.M.
-
-  16    11/17/55  Holloman AFB, N.M.   8 miles Northwest
-                                       of Roswell, N.M.
-
-  17    11/21/55  Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  18    1/25/56   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  19    2/8/56    Holloman AFB, N.M.   20 miles South of
-                                       Roswell, N.M.
-
-  20    2/21/56   Holloman AFB, N.M.   20 miles East of Dunkin, N.M.
-
-  21    2/21/56   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  22    5/18/56   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Data Not Available
-
-  23    5/22/56   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Data Not Available
-
-  24    8/21/56   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  25    5/16/57   Truth or             White Sands Proving
-
-                  Consequences, N.M.   Ground, N.M.
-
-  26    5/29/57   Hatch, N.M.          25 miles Northwest of
-                                       Las Cruces, N.M.
-
-  27    6/4/57    Holloman AFB, N.M.   11 miles North of
-                                       Las Cruces, N.M.
-
-  28    6/6/57    Holloman AFB, N.M.   17 miles South of
-                                       Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  29    6/7/57    Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  30    6/11/57   Hatch, N.M.          West of San Agustin Pass, N.M.
-
-  31    6/13/57   Holloman AFB, N.M.   Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  32    9/27/57   White Sands Natl
-                  Monument
-                  Picnic Area          Orogrande, N.M.
-
-  33    10/8/57   White Sands Proving  10 miles East of Picacho, N.M.
-                  Ground
-
-  34    1/29/58   Data Not Available   20 miles South of
-                                       Alamogordo, N.M.
-
-  35    1/9/59    Holloman AFB, N.M.   White Sands Proving
-                                       Ground, N.M.
-
-  36    1/14/59   Las Palomas, N.M.    30 miles East/Southeast of
-                                       Roswell, N.M.
-
-  37    1/30/59   Nutt, N.M.           White Sands Proving
-                                       Ground, N.M.
-
-  38    2/4/59    Holloman AFB, N.M.   1 mile North of Bent, N.M.
-
-  39    2/6/59    Lake Valley, N.M.    Data Not Available
-
-  40    2/10/59   Caballo Dam, N.M.    White Sands Proving
-                                       Ground, N.M.
-
-  41    2/11/59   Hatch, N.M.          Data Not Available
-
-  42    2/14/59   Data Not Available   30 miles West of
-                                       Holloman AFB, N.M.
-
-  43    2/16/59   Ft. Craig, N.M.      Mescalero Apache Reservation
-                                       (N.M.)
-
-
-
-
-                              Appendix B
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Date: 26 April 1996                     Place: Farmington, NM
-
-  I Charles E. Clouthier, hereby state that James McAndrew, was
-  identified as a Captain, USAFR on this date at my place of
-  employment do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the
-  following statement. This was done without having been subjected to
-  any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.
-
-  I was on active duty in the US Air Force and stationed at Walker
-  AFB, Roswell, NM, from February 1955 until October 1956. During that
-  time I was a pharmacist assigned to the base hospital. Following
-  my tour of duty with the Air Force, I returned to my hometown,
-  Farmington, NM, where I became an employee and eventually a
-  co-owner of Farmington Drug.
-
-  With the exception of the two years in the US Air Force, I have
-  been a resident of Farmington, NM since 1934. It is my recollection
-  that Dr Frank B. Nordstrom was the first pediatrician to practice
-  in the Farmington area and he remained the only pediatrician in
-  Farmington until approximately 1970. I base these recollections on
-  extensive professional and personal contacts with physicians in the
-  Farmington area and as a father of two children who were patients
-  of Dr Nordstrom’s.
-
-  Also based on nearly 40 years of contact with physicians in the
-  Farmington area, I believe that Dr Nordstrom is the only physician
-  who served a tour of duty at Walker AFB. During the 1960s, I
-  became aware that Dr Nordstrom had also served at the Walker AFB
-  hospital. At various times in the ensuing years. Dr Nordstrom
-  and I reminisced about our service at Walker AFB. During these
-  conversations Dr Nordstrom never mentioned any activities during
-  his tour of duty I considered unusual or that might explain reports
-  of bodies or aliens. During the time I was stationed at Walker AFB,
-  I did not witness, nor did I hear rumors, of anything that involved
-  flying saucers, aliens, or anything else of an extraterrestrial
-  nature.
-
-  I am not part of a conspiracy to withhold information from either
-  the US government or the American public. There is no classified
-  information that I am withholding related to this inquiry, and I
-  have not been threatened by US government persons concerning not
-  talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Subscribed and sworn before a
-                                person authorized to administer oaths
-                                this 26th day of April 1996 at
-                                Farmington, NM
-
-  [Signature]                   [Signature]
-  Charles E. Clouthier          James McAndrew, Capt, USAFR
-
-  WITNESS:
-  [Signature]
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                             Date: 25 May 95
-
-  I, Charles A. Coltman, Jr., Col, USAF, MC (Ret), hereby state that
-  James McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR, on this date
-  at my place of employment and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own
-  free will, make the following statement. This was done without
-  having been subjected to any coercion, unlawful influence or
-  unlawful inducement.
-
-  I entered the U.S. Air Force in 1957 as a flight surgeon and was
-  assigned to Walker AFB, NM, in 1958. Following a residency at Ohio
-  State University from 1959 to 1963, I was assigned to Wilford Hall
-  USAF Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, where I eventually became
-  the Chairman of the Department of Medicine. I retired from the Air
-  Force in 1977. I am presently a Professor at The University of
-  Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and Chief Executive
-  Officer of the Cancer Therapy and Research Foundation of South
-  Texas.
-
-  I remember a balloon crash that happened north of Roswell, NM, in
-  May, 1959. I received a phone call from the NCOIC of the Flight
-  Surgeon’s office, who informed me of the crash. The NCOIC, Earl
-  Wormwood, came to my quarters and we drove, in an old blue Air
-  Force “crackerbox” ambulance, to the crash site. I remember the
-  gondola laying on its side and the deflated balloon on the ground.
-  The crew members were sitting next to the gondola. I examined the
-  pilots and determined they were not seriously injured. They told me
-  they were practicing touch-and-go’s and a gust of wind had dumped
-  them on the ground, and the gondola had struck one of the pilots
-  in the head. Also present were Air Force technicians in trucks who
-  tracked the balloon. The injured pilots were transported to the
-  Flight Surgeon’s office at the hospital at Walker AFB.
-
-  The injury sustained by the crew member was a head
-  abrasion/contusion and a hemotoma. The hemotoma caused the
-  patient’s head to swell, however, it was not serious enough for
-  him to be admitted. I remember receiving a call from Col (Dr.)
-  John Stapp. He was in charge of the balloon project and was quite
-  famous. Dr Stapp inquired about the injuries to the pilots and he
-  wanted them returned to Holloman AFB as quickly as possible.
-
-  The hospital was an old World War II cantonment-type building with
-  long corridors and a capacity of fifty beds. I do not recall a
-  nurse assisting me in the treatment of the patient, although a
-  nurse may have been on duty and observed the patient. I was the
-  only doctor in the hospital that morning. There were no visiting
-  doctors from other bases or facilities. I do not remember any
-  altercations or arguments that day. During my time at Walker, I do
-  not recall that any autopsies were performed at the hospital, since
-  we did not have a pathologist on staff. I do not recall any remains
-  brought to the hospital in body bags, or wreckage transported in
-  the back of an ambulance. There may have been remains brought to
-  the hospital in body bags after a KC-97 crash, but that was before
-  I arrived at Walker. Dr Ed Bradley was involved in the recovery of
-  the remains.
-
-  At no time was there ever any involvement of the Walker hospital
-  with UFO’s or “space aliens” I know this to be true because the
-  hospital was very small and had a small staff. If any activity,
-  other than normal hospital functions, had occurred, I would have
-  known about it.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Sworn to and subscribed before me,
-                                an individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,
-                                at
-
-  [Signature]                     [Signature]
-  Charles A. Coltman, Jr., M.D.   James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-  [Signature]
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                             Date: 25 May 95
-
-  I, Dan D. Fulgham, Col, USAF (Ret), hereby state that James
-  McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my
-  place of employment and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free
-  will, make the following statement. This was done without having
-  been subjected to any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful
-  inducement.
-
-  I entered the U.S. Air Force in 1952 as an aviation cadet. I flew
-  F-84s on 100 combat missions during the Korean war. After a tour as
-  a flight instructor I was assigned to the Aero Medical Laboratory
-  at Wright Patterson. I participated in both the Air Force Man in
-  Space program and Project Mercury. I also participated in the X-15
-  and X-20 programs and worked as a bioastronautics officer with NASA
-  on Gemini. During my Air Force career, I earned both a Master’s and
-  Doctorate degree from Purdue University. I flew a combat tour in
-  Southeast Asia in F-4s as a member of the 555th Tactical Fighter
-  Squadron and flew 133 combat missions. I retired from the Air Force
-  in 1978 as the Commander of the Human Resources Laboratory at
-  Brooks AFB, TX. I am presently the Director Of Biosciences for a
-  research organization in San Antonio, TX.
-
-  In 1959 I volunteered for training to become a back up pilot for
-  Capt Joe Kittenger in his high altitude balloon projects. I flew
-  two missions for training purposes with Capt Kittenger and Capt
-  Bill Kaufman from Holloman AFB, NM in May, 1959. On the second
-  flight we were practicing touch and go landings north of Roswell,
-  NM when we “crashed” on one of the landings. The gondola flipped
-  over and my head was pinned to the ground by the lip of the
-  gondola. We managed to lift the gondola off of my head and looked
-  it over for damage. Capt Kittenger was bleeding from a cut on his
-  face and I noticed that my head seemed to be protruding outward
-  from underneath my helmet. Realizing I was injured, I sat down and
-  feared I might go into shock. I was not in pain but my entire head
-  was throbbing and began to swell.
-
-  I then remember boarding the “chase” helicopter that was following
-  us and flying a short distance to Walker AFB for medical treatment.
-  I recall walking into the hospital and also stopping on the
-  front step to smoke a cigarette. I remember security personnel
-  escorting and questioning us to determine who we were. Security
-  was very tight at Strategic Air Command bases such as Walker. On
-  occasion surprise inspection teams from SAC headquarters arrived
-  in helicopters just as we did. In addition, a story of three Air
-  Force officers crashing in a balloon was somewhat far fetched. The
-  security people were convinced of our identities when they spoke
-  with Col John P. Stapp, the Aero Medical Laboratory Commander.
-
-  While I was at Walker my head had swelled considerably and both
-  eyes were turning black. Later the skin on my face turned yellow.
-  I remember being seen by one doctor and I do not believe any other
-  doctors participated in my treatment. I do not recall any nurses
-  attending to me. I also do not recall that a black NCO was present
-  nor do I recall any civilian men in the hospital. I do not recall
-  that Capt Kittenger was involved in an altercation of any kind
-  while we were there. After I was treated and released we all flew
-  back to Holloman on the helicopter.
-
-  At Holloman I was admitted to the hospital and had blood aspirated
-  from under my scalp. I remember my forehead drooping down, I had
-  to use my fingers to open my eyelids, and I had to sleep sitting
-  up. Several days later I returned to Wright Patterson with Capt
-  Kittenger and Capt Kaufman. My wife met the airplane and when she
-  saw me, she burst into tears due to the swelling of my head, the
-  two black eyes, and the yellow color of my skin. When I returned to
-  my office at Wright Patterson, my secretary also began to cry when
-  she saw me. After some weeks my head returned to normal size and I
-  was returned to flying status.
-
-  During my Air Force career I was involved in many different
-  scientific research projects including the space program. I can
-  state with certainty that none of them, including the incident
-  described here, had anything to do with UFOs or “space aliens”.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Subscribed and sworn before me, an
-                                individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,
-                                at
-
-  [Signature]                     [Signature]
-  Dan D. Fulgham, Col, USAF (Ret) James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-  [Signature]
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                             Date: 28 May 95
-
-  I, Bernard D. Gildenberg, GS-14, (Ret), hereby state that James
-  McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my
-  home and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the
-  following statement. This was done without having been subjected to
-  any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.
-
-  I became involved in high altitude balloon development while an
-  undergraduate student at New York University (NYU). Following
-  graduation I was hired by the Air Force at Holloman AFB and worked
-  continuously as both a meteorologist and aerospace engineer at
-  the Balloon Branch from 1951 until my retirement in 1981. My job
-  responsibilities were to forecast the weather and fly by remote
-  control, high altitude balloons for many different scientific
-  projects. During this time. I became internationally recognized as
-  an authority on high altitude balloon trajectory forecasting. I
-  have published numerous technical reports and articles.
-
-  The first project in which I was involved, while still an
-  undergraduate student at NYU, was the acoustical detection of
-  nuclear explosions. The name of the project, Mogul, was classified
-  and I didn’t know this name until several years ago. Based on
-  my experience with this project I am certain project Mogul was
-  responsible for some portions of what has become to be known as the
-  “Roswell Incident”.
-
-  Following project Mogul I was involved in perfecting high
-  altitude balloon technology and made many test flights with large
-  polyethylene balloons from Holloman AFB. I worked extensively on
-  atmospheric sampling projects and biological flights in which
-  the balloons lifted small animals to altitude for cosmic ray
-  experiments. I also worked on the Moby Dick Project that collected
-  meteorological data and the classified Gopher (119L) reconnaissance
-  project.
-
-  I was relied upon to forecast the weather, conduct climatological
-  studies, predict balloon trajectories, and to hit with precision,
-  ground targets both on and off the White Sands Missile Range.
-  Balloon trajectories in New Mexico below the tropopause, are
-  predominantly towards the east-northeast, when launched from
-  Holloman AFB with the exception of July and August when balloons
-  remained over the Holloman area. At high altitude, above the
-  tropopause, trajectories are generally westerly during the summer
-  and easterly during the spring, fall, and winter. As a result
-  these winds, the Holloman balloon branch recovered many, probably
-  hundreds, of balloons and scientific payloads from the Roswell, NM
-  area over the years.
-
-  During the time of the year when trajectories were to the east I
-  attempted to drop the equipment near accessible non mountainous
-  areas and paved roads. The main target area was the first large
-  north-south road on the other side of the Sacramento Mountains
-  from Holloman AFB, Highway 285. This road goes north and south
-  through Roswell. The standard procedure was to preposition military
-  recovery crews near the projected point of payload impact. The
-  crews consisted primarily of Air Force members in uniform and
-  they operated military vehicles. I often directed these crews to
-  “standby” along the shoulder of Highway 285, both north and south
-  of Roswell until the balloon was in position. The recovery crews
-  received detailed instructions from the tracking aircraft that led
-  them to the exact location of the payload. The recovery vehicle
-  included, depending on the mission, a crane, weapons carriers,
-  communications van, and occasionally tanker trucks to refuel the
-  aircraft that would sometimes land on nearby roads.
-
-  During the time of the year when balloon trajectories were to the
-  west, I attempted to drop the payloads in the Rio Grande Valley.
-  I also aimed for another valley, the flat area north of Truth or
-  Consequences that includes the Plains of San Augustin. In addition,
-  many remote balloon launch sites were located throughout the Rio
-  Grande Valley west of the White Sands Proving Grounds. Launch crews
-  were also mostly military and used much of the same equipment as
-  the recovery crews.
-
-  I had extensive involvement with Project 7218 that later became
-  Project 7222. This project studied the free-fall characteristics
-  of anthropomorphic dummies dropped from balloons from altitudes
-  up to 100,000 feet. The missions usually consisted of two dummies
-  attached to a suspension rack that I directed to be released at
-  altitude. Depending on the wind conditions and time of year, the
-  dummies, on many occasions, landed in the Roswell area. I recall
-  some difficulties in the release mechanisms of the dummies that
-  resulted in some of them free-falling to the ground while they were
-  still attached to the rack. Someone without a good vantage point
-  or not associated with the project might mistake these dummies for
-  “aliens” due to their odd flesh tones and abstract human features.
-
-  I also recall an accident involving a manned balloon flight. I
-  remember this event clearly because I am also a balloon pilot
-  and had an accident approximately two years before. The accident
-  occurred on a flight that Capt Joe Kittenger was “checking out”
-  two back up pilots for his high altitude missions. The balloon was
-  launched around midnight from behind the Balloon Branch at Holloman
-  AFB. I remember that some of the steel ballast used by the balloon
-  caused a “fireworks” display when it contacted some nearby power
-  lines during the launch. I was operating the control center for
-  this flight and I received notification from the communications
-  vehicle that was following the balloon that there had been an
-  accident north of Roswell. I later learned that the gondola had
-  rolled over during a practice touch and go landing and one of the
-  pilots had been struck in the head and injured. I recall speaking
-  to Capt Kittinger about the accident and I saw the injured pilot.
-  Although his injury was not serious, his head had considerable
-  swelling and he looked very odd.
-
-  I also worked with Capt Kittinger on Project Stargazer. I also had
-  met several times the civilian scientific advisor Dr. J. Allen
-  Hynek. Dr Hynek was thoroughly familiar with the balloon operations
-  at Holloman and visited the Balloon Branch numerous times. This
-  project experienced some difficulties and only one manned flight
-  was conducted.
-
-  Another project I was involved with was the Air Force
-  investigations of UFOs. Project Bluebook. Since I was a
-  meteorologist and amateur astronomer I evaluated, starting in 1951,
-  local sightings of UFOs. New Mexico had alot of sightings because
-  of the good visibility and the many experimental projects of the
-  White Sands Proving Grounds. During my time on Project Bluebook
-  there wasn’t any sightings that we could not explain. Nevertheless
-  popular literature still refers to some of these sightings as
-  unexplained.
-
-  Another project with which I was involved, was the NASA Voyager
-  and Viking Projects. These space vehicles were tested by launching
-  them from our balloons at extremely high altitude to simulate the
-  atmosphere of Venus and Mars. To utilize the instrumentation on
-  the White Sands Missile Range I elected to launch the balloons and
-  attached space vehicles from the Roswell Industrial Air Center,
-  formerly the Roswell Army Airfield. The Holloman Balloon Branch
-  made approximately eight launches of these two vehicles from
-  Roswell. In appearance the Viking and Voyager probes could be
-  mistaken for a flying saucer. They were both unclassified highly
-  publicized projects and I do not recall getting any UFO reports for
-  these flights. I believe one of these probes is on display at White
-  Sands Missile Range and its known as the “flying saucer”.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Subscribed and sworn before me, an
-                                individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,
-                                at
-
-  [Signature]                         [Signature]
-  Bernard D. Gildenberg, GS-14 (Ret)  James McAndrew, 1st Lt. USAFR
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                             Date: 28 May 95
-
-  I, Ole Jorgeson, MSgt. USAF, (Ret), hereby state that James
-  McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my
-  home and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the
-  following statement. This was done without having been subjected to
-  any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.
-
-  I enlisted in the U.S. Air Force in 1957 and became a Ground
-  Communications and Electronic Repairman. I remained in this career
-  field throughout my career. I completed three tours at the Balloon
-  Branch at Holloman AFB, NM. I retired from the Air Force in 1977 as
-  the NCOIC of the Communication and Instrumentation Section of the
-  Balloon Branch at Holloman AFB.
-
-  I recall an overnight balloon training mission that was conducted
-  in May, 1959. Capt Joe Kittinger was training back up pilots
-  for one of his upcoming projects. I was an airman assigned to
-  coordinate communications and to assist in the recovery of the
-  balloon upon completion of the mission. I followed the balloon in
-  an old Korean War vintage “crackerbox” ambulance that had been
-  converted into a communications van. Another airman and I followed
-  the balloon throughout the night on an easterly trajectory over the
-  Sacramento Mountains to an area north of Roswell. Also following
-  the balloon were recovery technicians in a weapons carrier. We
-  stayed in contact with the balloon crew by radio and also observed
-  flares the crew would light at various intervals so we could
-  visually track them. Just after sunrise I recall the balloon
-  landing north of Roswell and Capt Kittinger offered me some coffee
-  and told me he was going to make one more touch and go landing to
-  complete the mission. I remember that I took some photographs of
-  the balloon and waited for the last landing. Several minutes later
-  I remember hearing a “bang”, this was the squib that fired to
-  release the gondola from the balloon. We immediately went to where
-  the gondola landed and saw the gondola laying on its side and saw
-  two of the pilots standing and one lying down. Lying on the ground
-  was a shattered helmet that was worn by one of the pilots. Capt
-  Kittinger told me they were attempting to land to avoid some power
-  lines and a row of trees.
-
-  Soon after I arrived at the crash site, a helicopter that was also
-  following the flight landed and transported the three aircrew
-  members to Walker AFB for medical attention. I recall I assisted
-  the recovery technicians load the balloon and the gondola on the
-  weapons carrier and then drove 15 to 20 minutes to the hospital
-  at Walker AFB. When I arrived at Walker, we parked the converted
-  ambulance near the hospital and either the other airman with me
-  or the recovery technicians called the balloon control center to
-  notify them of the accident. I recall waiting near the hospital
-  for a short period of time and then returning to Holloman AFB.
-  During the time I was waiting at the hospital I did not observe
-  any arguments or altercations. I did not observe Capt Kittinger
-  speaking disrespectfully to anyone. I also do not recall any male
-  civilians or any vehicles that belonged to a mortuary.
-
-  I participated in many, probably more than 100, balloon recoveries.
-  I often recovered payloads and balloons from the area surrounding
-  Roswell, NM. It was routine to be directed by the balloon control
-  center to an area near Roswell to wait to recover a balloon. We
-  would wait along the side of the road, at small airports, or at
-  the armory in Roswell. It would not be uncommon for our recovery
-  vehicles to be seen waiting to recover balloons throughout New
-  Mexico, Arizona, and West Texas. When we recovered the balloons
-  and payloads sometimes civilians would be in the area and make
-  inquires. We would tell them what we were doing and provide them
-  with a telephone number at Holloman AFB if they wanted to report
-  any damages. We were required to clean up the area and remove all
-  debris before we left. In addition to the recoveries, I recall
-  making balloon launches from sites up and down the Rio Grande
-  Valley. I remember that some of these launches were made from an
-  area west of Soccoro, NM.
-
-  Another project I participated in was the testing of the Viking
-  space probe in 1972. These four launches were all made from the
-  Roswell Industrial Air Center, the former Roswell Army Airfield.
-  Approximately twenty Air Force personnel were on temporary duty to
-  Roswell throughout the summer of 1972 to support this project. NASA
-  personnel prepared the spacecraft for launch from the old hangers
-  of the former Air Force base. This project was not classified and
-  was covered by the news media.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Subscribed and sworn before me, an
-                                individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,
-                                at
-
-  [Signature]                        [Signature]
-  Ole Jorgesen, MSgt, USAF, (Ret)    James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                      Date: 28 October 1996
-
-  I, William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret), hereby voluntarily and
-  of my own free will, make the following statement. This was done
-  without coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.
-
-  I was drafted into the Army of the United States in 1943,
-  transferred to the Army Air Forces, and was commissioned as a pilot
-  in 1944. From 1950 until 1967, with a break for training for a
-  combat tour in Korea and for educational assignments to AFIT, I was
-  assigned to the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright Patterson AFB,
-  OH. During that time I was a physiological training officer and
-  worked in the development of early pressure suits. I tested many
-  high altitude pilots and also the first group of astronauts. Later
-  during my Air Force career, in 1961, I earned a Ph.D. in Physiology
-  and Biophysics. I was assigned to the Aero Medical Laboratory for
-  three tours and retired in 1968 as the Chief of the Biodynamics
-  Branch of the Aero Medical Field Laboratory at Holloman AFB, NM.
-
-  During my third assignment at Wright Patterson, I volunteered,
-  along with Capt Dan Fulgham, to be a backup pilot for Capt Joe
-  Kittinger for his high altitude balloon project, Project Excelsior.
-  Capt Kittinger instructed Capt Fulgham and me in ballooning in May
-  1959. At the end of an overnight training flight, on the morning
-  of May 21, 1959, northwest of Roswell, NM, we (Kittinger, Fulgham
-  and I) had an accident with the balloon. We were practicing touch
-  and go landings when a severe gust of wind overturned the gondola,
-  dumping all of us to the ground with the gondola on top of us.
-  The accident occurred in a small pasture where a pony was grazing
-  next to a small cottage. For safety, we were followed during hours
-  of darkness by a C-131 aircraft and during the day by a H-21
-  helicopter. We were followed the entire time by technicians in a
-  truck for communications and for the recovery of the balloon and
-  gondola. Seeing the accident, the crews of the helicopter and the
-  recovery trucks came to our assistance, much to the dismay of the
-  farmer who owned the pony, which had run away when the truck broke
-  down the fence to reach the crash site. I recall that a member of
-  the helicopter crew attempted to calm the farmer.
-
-  Capt Fulgham sustained an injury to the forehead when the lip of
-  the gondola struck him. Capt Fulgham thought he had fractured
-  his skull but the experimental helmet he was wearing apparently
-  protected him. Capt Kittinger was bleeding from a cut on the face.
-  I was beneath Fulgham and Kittinger and unhurt. Fulgham was loaded
-  into the helicopter and we were taken to the nearest hospital,
-  at Walker AFB, in Roswell. I recall the helicopter pilot called
-  the air traffic control tower at Walker and informed them we were
-  inbound with an injured pilot from a balloon accident. This was
-  quite unusual and I believe the tower personnel might have thought
-  we were a surprise Strategic Air Command inspection team that at
-  the direction of the SAC Commander, Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, sometimes
-  made unannounced visits by helicopter. We landed in front of the
-  tower and were met by an ambulance along with a detail of military
-  police with machine guns. The military police escorted us to the
-  hospital for treatment and to verify our story of the balloon crash.
-
-  While Capt Fulgham and Capt Kittinger were being treated I was
-  asked to explain to the Walker AFB Base Commander what had
-  happened. After Capt Kittinger was treated he called Col Stapp from
-  a phone adjacent to the waiting room were numerous military wives
-  were waiting for pre-natal care. Capt Kittinger, as the project
-  officer, was concerned what effect this accident might have on the
-  future of his program. As we waited for Fulgham, Kittinger paced up
-  and down the hall concerned about Fulgham and getting out of the
-  hospital before Walker AFB officials might complicate matters. I
-  do not recall any male civilians in the hospital, nor do I recall
-  Capt Kittinger being involved in an altercation of any kind. Capt
-  Kittinger did not shout or use obscene language, he was simply
-  interested in getting medical attention for Fulgham and leaving as
-  soon as possible. I do recall that one or two nurses were present.
-  I do not recall a black NCO accompanying Kittinger while we were in
-  the hospital.
-
-  When the medical personnel were finished treating Fulgham, all
-  three of us returned to Holloman AFB by helicopter about noon the
-  same day. The following day I took my FAA exam and was awarded a
-  balloon pilot license. Three days later, on Sunday, Kittinger,
-  Fulgham and I returned to Wright Patterson via a special C-131
-  flight. Fulgham looked very odd with two black eyes and protruding
-  forehead; his head was so swollen he could not wear his uniform hat
-  for some time. I later worked with Capt Kittinger on the Stargazer
-  project and and occasionally flew aircraft with him.
-
-  During my entire time at the Aero Medical Laboratory I neither
-  saw nor heard anything that would lead me to believe that the Air
-  Force was keeping “aliens” at Wright Patterson. I knew there was a
-  project on UFOs called Bluebook, at the base, but to my knowledge
-  the Aero Medical Laboratory was not involved. Many scientific
-  accomplishments came out of the various laboratories at Wright
-  Patterson but I am unaware of any that might have involved aliens
-  or UFOs.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  This is as I recollect those events.
-
-  SIGNED:
-
-  [Signature]
-  William C. Kaufman, LtCol. USAFC (Ret)
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-  [Signature: Patricia A. Kaufman]
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                             Date: 24 June 95
-
-  I, Joseph W. Kittinger. Jr., Col. USAF (Ret), hereby state that
-  James McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this
-  date at my home and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free
-  will, make the following statement. This was done without having
-  been subjected to any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful
-  inducement.
-
-  I entered the U.S. Air Force in 1949 as an Aviation Cadet. From
-  1950 to 1953 I flew fighters in Europe before being assigned to the
-  Fighter Test Section at Holloman AFB, NM in July, 1953. During my
-  tour as a test pilot I conducted the first zero gravity tests and
-  was the balloon pilot of the first Project Man High high altitude
-  research mission. In 1958 I was assigned to the Escape Section of
-  the Aero Medical laboratory at Wright Patterson AFB, OH. During
-  this tour I was the Project Officer of Project Excelsior and made
-  three high altitude parachute jumps, the highest from 102,800 feet,
-  which today remains a world record. For these jumps I was awarded
-  the Hannon Trophy for 1960 by President Eisenhower. Following
-  Excelsior, I was the Project Officer of Stargazer, a project that
-  made astronomical observations from a high altitude balloon. I
-  flew two combat tours in Southeast Asia with the Air Commandos. I
-  later flew a tour in F-4s and was the Squadron Commander of the 555
-  Tactical Fighter Squadron. I accumulated over 1,000 combat flying
-  hours and I am credited with one aerial victory. I spent ten months
-  as a POW in Hanoi. Upon my return I attended Air War College, flew
-  F-4s and retired from the Air Force in 1978. In 1984 I became the
-  first person to make a solo crossing of the Atlantic by balloon.
-
-  In 1958 I was made the Project Officer of Excelsior by Col John
-  Paul Stapp, the Aero Medical Laboratory Commander. I supervised
-  and was actively involved in the dropping and recovery of
-  anthropomorphic dummies from high altitude balloons at Holloman
-  AFB, NM for this project. We also dropped dummies, from aircraft
-  only, at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. The object of the Holloman tests
-  were to study the free fall characteristics of dummies dropped from
-  balloons at altitudes of 50,000 to 100,000 feet. Based on this data
-  we designed a parachute that stabilized the dummies and I later
-  used this parachute on my three high altitude jumps.
-
-  The balloons carrying the dummies were launched from various
-  locations in New Mexico and often impacted off of the White Sands
-  Proving Ground depending on the wind conditions. The dummies were
-  outfitted with clothing and equipment of an Air Force pilot. The
-  facial features of the dummies were not as pronounced as a human.
-  The ears and noses did not protrude. I do not recall any dummies
-  with ears or noses. Some of the dummies were not complete; they
-  sometimes did not have arms or legs. To someone not associated with
-  the project or who viewed the dummies from a distance, they could
-  appear to be human or with some imagination a space “alien.” In
-  fact, I recall one incident at Wright-Patterson where one of our
-  dummies landed near the backyard of Gen. Rawlings, Commander of
-  the Air Research and Development Command. Gen. Rawling’s wife was
-  entertaining officer’s wives that afternoon when one of our dummy’s
-  parachute failed to deploy and impacted the ground in full view of
-  the ladies at Gen. Rawling’s home. I acted quickly to retrieve the
-  dummy and went to the impact site and recovered it by throwing it
-  in the back of a pickup truck and quickly driving away. Later that
-  day I received a call from Col Stapp who informed me that some of
-  the women at the party believed that the dummy was a human and they
-  were appalled to see the careless nature in which the obviously
-  dead or injured “parachutist” was hauled away.
-
-  At Holloman AFB recoveries of the dummies were handled by the
-  Balloon Branch but members of my project team, including myself,
-  often assisted. The standard procedure was to track the dummy
-  both from the ground and air to attempt to recover the dummies
-  in a timely manner. On the ground we used an assortment of Air
-  Force vehicles to track and recover not only the dummies but also
-  other scientific balloon payloads. We used trucks, communications
-  vans, converted field ambulances, cranes, and trailers. In the
-  air we used helicopters, C-47s transports, and L-19 and L-20
-  light observation aircraft. On occasion civilians would observe
-  our recovery operations. We often attracted a crowd due to the
-  odd appearance of the balloon payloads and dummies and also the
-  aircraft that circled overhead or landed on nearby roads. We also
-  used many of the same procedures and equipment to launch from off
-  range locations. During the recoveries weapons were not carried
-  because there was no classified information or equipment. I do not
-  recall any altercations of any kind. At no time did I or any of the
-  personnel makes threats against civilians. We always attempted to
-  maintain good relations with the local civilians and explained the
-  purpose of the project to them if they asked. We were directed to
-  remove as much of the material dropped by the balloon as possible.
-  Sometimes this was difficult because the balloon and pay load would
-  break apart and cover a large area. We collected the debris in
-  these cases by “fanning out” across a field until we had collected
-  even very small portions of the payload and balloon. We were
-  particularly careful to recover the large plastic balloons because
-  cattle would ingest the material and the ranchers would file claims
-  against the government. Additionally, there were reward notices
-  that offered twenty five dollars for the return of the equipment
-  attached to each of the balloons. I wrote a book, _The Long, Lonely
-  Leap_ (E. P. Dutton & Co., 1961), that completely describes Project
-  Excelsior and my participation.
-
-  Also as a part of the high altitude balloon projects, I trained
-  balloon pilots in May 1959 at the request of Col Stapp. Col Stapp
-  was concerned that I might be injured as a result of the hazardous
-  nature of the projects and he wanted backup pilots to be trained.
-  The backup pilots, Capt Dan Fulgham and Capt Bill Kaufman were
-  volunteers from the Aero Medical Laboratory and they were sent to
-  Holloman from Wright-Patterson for training on a temporary duty
-  basis. On our second training flight, Fulgham, Kaufman and I, flew
-  an overnight mission that was launched at Holloman and ended with
-  a crash northwest of Roswell, NM. We were followed on this mission
-  by an aircraft at night, a helicopter during the day, and a ground
-  crew in trucks at all times.
-
-  I recall that just after sunrise the weather had deteriorated and I
-  directed Fulgham to land the balloon in a small field. This was the
-  last suitable field before we would overfly the City of Roswell. I
-  remember approaching the field just over the trees and I recall our
-  forward velocity was about 10–12 knots, a little fast for landing.
-  When we touched down Fulgham cut the balloon away and due to the
-  forward velocity the gondola flipped over spilling all three of us
-  on the ground. While lying on the ground I realized that Fulgham
-  was injured and Kaufman and I raised the gondola. Fulgham had been
-  struck in the head by the edge of the gondola and I could see the
-  blood rapidly accumulating under his scalp in the forehead area. We
-  treated him for shock and soon the recovery vehicles and the chase
-  helicopter arrived. I decided to transport Fulgham by helicopter to
-  the hospital at nearby Walker AFB.
-
-  When we arrived at Walker I remember that security was tight, as
-  it was at all Strategic Air Command bases, and we were closely
-  scrutinized by security personnel due to the unusual circumstances
-  and early hour of our arrival. I had two concerns once we arrived
-  at the hospital, first to get treatment for Fulgham and second
-  to leave as soon as possible. After I was assured that Fulgham’s
-  injuries were not serious I wanted to quickly leave the base before
-  the Walker AFB Flying Safety Officer arrived to fill out an
-  accident report. I didn’t want a report filed because an accident
-  investigation would bring unwanted scrutiny to the project. Even
-  though the project was unclassified I did not want any publicity or
-  premature releases of information.
-
-  Although Fulgham’s injuries were not serious, his head had swollen
-  considerably—both eyes were black and his face had swollen so
-  much you could barely see his nose. I believe that if someone saw
-  him while we were at Walker they would have been startled. When
-  his treatment was completed we all three returned to Holloman on
-  the helicopter. At Holloman, Fulgham was admitted to the hospital
-  and I made preparations for him to return to his duty station at
-  Wright-Patterson AFB. Due to his grotesque appearance, I did not
-  want Fulgham to fly on a commercial airline. I made arrangements
-  for all of us to fly to Wright-Patterson on a C-131 a few days
-  later. When we arrived at Wright-Patterson, I assisted Fulgham down
-  the steps of the aircraft because his eyes were swollen shut and
-  he could not see. His wife was waiting at the bottom of the steps
-  of the aircraft and she asked me where her husband was. I replied
-  “this is your husband” and she screamed and began to cry.
-
-  While I was at the Walker AFB hospital, I do not recall any contact
-  with a male civilian. I certainly did not call anyone an “SOB”
-  or speak to anyone in a disrespectful manner. I did not make any
-  threats or instruct anyone else to make threats. I recall nurses
-  in the hospital but I am not certain if they participated in the
-  treatment of Capt Fulgham. I was not accompanied by a black NCO at
-  the hospital, but there may have been a black NCO on the balloon
-  recovery team. I recall no body bags in the hospital and I am sure
-  there were no “aliens” at the hospital, just Dan Fulgham with a
-  very odd looking head injury.
-
-  I was also involved in the joint Air Force, Navy, and Massachusetts
-  Institute of Technology astronomical observation project, Project
-  Stargazer. The object of this project was to make observations via
-  a stabilized telescope mounted atop of a gondola suspended from
-  a high altitude balloon. I was the USAF project officer and Dr
-  J. Allen Hynek was the scientific advisor. I worked very closely
-  with Dr Hynek over a period of five years from 1958 to 1963. Dr
-  Hynek would typically spend a half day working on Stargazer and
-  then the rest of the day participating as one of the consultants
-  on the UFO study, Project Bluebook, that was also conducted at
-  Wright-Patterson AFB. Dr Hynek, as the scientific advisor to
-  Stargazer, was very familiar with the techniques and capabilities
-  of the Air Force high altitude balloon program. Dr Hynek once
-  approached me and we discussed at length, the possibility that
-  Air Force high altitude balloons were responsible for many UFO
-  sightings. We ended the conversation in agreement that the
-  balloons probably accounted for many of the UFO sightings. In
-  other conversations Dr Hynek always gave me the impression that
-  there were very few UFO sightings that could not be explained by
-  good scientific investigation. At no time did Dr Hynek mention
-  or discuss the alleged “Roswell Incident”. I was therefore
-  “flabbergasted” when Dr Hynek appeared to believe that some of
-  these sightings were of an extraterrestrial origin.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Sworn to and subscribed before me,
-                                an individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,
-                                at
-
-  [Signature]                                  [Signature]
-  Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col, USAF (Ret)    James McAndrew, 1st Lt. USAFR
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-
-  [Signature: Sherry Kittinger]
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                             Date: 31 May 95
-
-  I, Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt, USAF, (Ret), hereby state that James
-  McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my
-  home and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the
-  following statement. This was done without having been subjected to
-  any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.
-
-  I enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1947 and transferred to the U.S. Air
-  Force in 1958. In June, 1958 I was assigned to the flight surgeon’s
-  office at Holloman AFB, NM as an Aero Medical Technician. I served
-  several tours in Southeast Asia and retired from the Air Force in
-  1974 as an Aero Medical Superintendent.
-
-  On May 20–21, 1959 I was assigned to provide medical coverage for a
-  balloon training mission that took off from Holloman AFB and ended
-  with a crash near Roswell, NM. Capt Joe Kittinger was training
-  two other pilots, Capt Fulgham and Capt Kaufman. I followed the
-  balloon in an ambulance during the night and at daybreak I followed
-  the balloon in an H-21 helicopter. Just after daybreak I saw the
-  balloon crash and the three pilots were dumped form the gondola.
-  I immediately informed the helicopter pilot and we landed in a
-  field on which cattle were grazing. I recall the rancher was upset
-  because the helicopter was frightening his cattle and some cattle
-  had gotten out of the field.
-
-  I assesed the injuries to the pilots and recommended they be taken
-  immediately to the closest hospital which was at Walker AFB,
-  apprximately 5 to 10 minutes away by helicopter. Capt Fulgham’s
-  head was swelling due to a hemotoma he received when the gondola
-  struck him. Capt Kittinger was cut on the face and was bleeding.
-  Capt Kaufman was uninjured. At Walker I remember a telephone
-  conversation with a flight surgeon who told me to “go home and
-  sleep it off”. He apparently did not believe my story of three
-  Air Force pilots that were victims of a balloon crash. However,
-  I was able to convince him and he treated Capt Fulgham and Capt
-  Kittinger. While at the hospital Capt Fulgham’s head had swelled
-  enormously and his eyes were beginning to turn black.
-
-  I do not recall that anything unusual occurred at the hospital
-  at Walker. I remember the three pilots sitting on a bench in
-  the hallway waiting to be treated. I do not remember that Capt
-  Kittinger was involved in an altercation with anyone while at the
-  hospital, if he had, I would have known about it. Capt Kittinger
-  was concerned with getting medical treatment for his injured crew
-  member, Capt Fulgham, and returning to Holloman. I also do not
-  recall a black NCO accompanying Capt Kittinger while we were at
-  the hospital. I do not remember a nurse assisting in the treatment
-  of Capt Fulgham or Capt Kittinger. I also do not remember a male
-  civilian or any personnel or vehicles from a mortuary, and I do not
-  recall any remains in body bags in the hospital.
-
-  I was present the entire time when the events described here took
-  place. I am certain that this event had nothing to do with “space
-  aliens” or any other irregular activity that would require a cover
-  up. It was a balloon crash and nothing else.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Subscribed and sworn before me, an
-                                individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,
-                                at
-
-  [Signature]                   [Signature]
-  Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt, USAF,  James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-  (Ret)
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-
-  [Signature]
-  Harry C. Aderholt, Brig. Gen., USAF (Ret)
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Place                                             Date: 20 June 95
-
-  I, Raymond A. Madson, Lt Col, USAF (Ret), hereby state that James
-  McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my
-  place of employment and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free
-  will, make the following statement. This was done without having
-  been subjected to any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful
-  inducement.
-
-  I was born, raised, and presently reside in New Mexico. I graduated
-  from New Mexico A&M College in 1954. I entered the Air Force in
-  1955 and was assigned a short time later to the Aero Medical
-  Laboratory at Wright Patterson AFB, OH. At the Aero Medical
-  Laboratory I was assigned to the Escape Section as a project
-  officer and test parachutist. During this time I also had extensive
-  participation in various aspects of the space program and worked
-  on the highly classified U-2 project. I served a tour of duty in
-  Alaska and at the School of Aerospace Medicine at Brooks AFB,
-  TX, before being reassigned to the Aero Medical Laboratory at
-  Wright Patterson. I retired in from the Air Force in 1979 and I am
-  currently and Environmental Specialist for the State of New Mexico.
-
-  The first project that I was assigned at Wright Patterson was
-  Project 7218, later changed to Project 7222. This project was first
-  known by the name High Dive and then was known as Excelsior. The
-  object of this project was to study the free fall characteristics
-  of anthropomorphic dummies from balloons at altitudes of 50,000
-  to 100,000 feet. Following satisfactory dummy drops, Capt Joe
-  Kittinger made a series of high altitude parachute jumps that
-  culminated with a jump from 102,800 feet.
-
-  I assumed the duties of Project Officer for the dummy drops in the
-  spring of 1956. I made numerous trips to Holloman AFB, NM, the
-  site of the drops, from 1956 until the end of the project in 1959
-  (dummies were also dropped for this project at Wright Patterson
-  AFB by personnel from the Parachute Branch). I wrote two technical
-  reports that described the project in considerable detail. The
-  type of anthropomorphic dummy used primarily was manufactured by
-  Alderson Laboratories but we also used Sierra Manufacturing type
-  dummies. Both of these dummies are shown in the technical reports.
-  The Alderson dummy had facial features that were not life-like
-  and ears that were not well defined. The dummies were outfitted
-  with flight suits of various colors, fuchsia, olive drab, and sage
-  green (a shade of gray). We chose the Alderson dummy because it was
-  relatively inexpensive as compared to the Sierra dummy.
-
-  We encountered considerable difficulty dropping the dummies from
-  the balloons. I designed the rack that suspended the dummies, two
-  at a time, from the balloon. On numerous occasions the dummies were
-  fouled during the release sequence and the dummy rode a “streamer”
-  all the way to the ground. Other times malfunctions occurred that
-  caused the two dummies and the entire rack assembly to descend to
-  the ground as one package. Both of these instances are described in
-  the technical reports.
-
-  I participated in at least two dummy recoveries. The meteorologist
-  from the Balloon Branch, Duke Gildenberg, would determine the best
-  place to launch the balloons depending on the prevailing weather
-  conditions. Duke also predicted, with considerable accuracy,
-  where the dummies would impact. I specifically recall a dummy I
-  recovered near the Jornada test range, between Leasburg and Organ,
-  NM. During this recovery I drove a weapons carrier and I was only
-  able to locate one of the dummies. I never found out what happened
-  to the other one. The next recovery I remember was on a ranch just
-  southwest of Roswell. We were given directions to the area by the
-  balloon branch personnel who had been contacted by a rancher. The
-  equipment had reward notices taped to them to aid in recovery. We
-  went to the Smith ranch. I remember the name because I went to New
-  Mexico A&M with the rancher. I knew him as Smitty. We searched that
-  day from horseback and could not find the dummies. The following
-  day we resumed our search from horseback and again could not
-  find the dummies. I also recall that Smitty asked us for some of
-  the parachute material so he could make a shirt. We dropped many
-  dummies from the balloons and I know many were not immediately
-  recovered, but most were.
-
-  I served for twenty five years in the Air Force and most of those
-  years were in the aero medical field. I participated in the space
-  program and the highly classified early stages of U-2 program.
-  Never during this time were “aliens” or “flying saucers” a part of
-  any project. There were, however, countless achievements by the
-  Air Force in aerospace medicine that were the result of dedicated
-  scientific research. It seems likely to me that someone could have
-  mistaken our anthropomorphic dummies for something that they were
-  not.
-
-  I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-  information to the United States Government or the American public.
-  There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-  this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-  persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Sworn to and subscribed before me,
-                                an individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,
-                                at
-
-  [Signature]                   [Signature]
-  Raymond A. Madson, Lt Col,    James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-  USAF (Ret)
-
-  WITNESS(s):
-
-
-                         STATEMENT OF WITNESS
-
-  Date: 25 April 1996                             Place: Aztec, NM
-
-  I Frank B. Nordstrom, M. D., hereby state that James McAndrew,
-  was identified as a Captain, USAFR on this date at my home and do
-  hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the following
-  statement. This was done without having been subjected to any
-  coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.
-
-  I was on active duty in the US Air Force and stationed at Walker
-  AFB, Roswell, NM from July 1951 until June 1953. During that time I
-  was a pediatrician assigned to the base hospital. Following my tour
-  of duty with the Air Force I attended the University of Colorado as
-  a resident in pediatrics. In July 1954 I relocated to Farmington,
-  NM and began a private pediatric practice. I retired from private
-  practice in 1987 and became the Medical Director of the San Juan
-  Regional Medical Center, which is also located in Farmington, NM.
-  In 1989 I retired from that position and presently reside in Aztec,
-  NM.
-
-  I have been shown two transcripts of interviews where an individual
-  named Glenn Dennis described conversations and visits he claims
-  he had with a pediatrician in the late 1940s or early 1950s in
-  Farmington, NM. According to these interviews, Mr Dennis also
-  claims that this pediatrician had previously served at the hospital
-  at Walker AFB/Roswell AAF. Since I am the only physician in
-  Farmington, NM who previously served at the Walker AFB/Roswell
-  AAF hospital, I believe I am the person he is referring to in
-  these interviews. I am confident of this because I know I was the
-  first pediatrician to practice in Farmington, which when I arrived
-  in 1954, was a small community of approximately 8,000 people. I
-  remained the sole pediatrician there for approximately 20 years and
-  I know most, if not all, of the physicians in the area.
-
-  Even though I believe I am the person Mr Dennis referred to in the
-  interviews, I do not remember him. I can state with reasonable
-  certainty that I cannot recall any conversations with him, and he,
-  to my knowledge, never visited me in Farmington, NM, in Colorado,
-  or anyplace else. I have been told, however, that a person named
-  Glenn Dennis operated a drugstore in the late 1950s-early 1960s,
-  just outside Farmington, in Aztec, NM. But I do not recall any
-  contact with him there either.
-
-  While I was stationed at Walker AFB, I do not recall any incidents
-  that may explain the information Mr Dennis provided in the
-  interviews. To my knowledge there was only one fatal aircraft
-  accident during my tour of duty and that accident involved a Walker
-  AFB based aircraft in the United Kingdom. I was not involved in any
-  aspect of that accident. I also do not recall any other incidents
-  such as automobile accidents or house fires that may be the source
-  of this information. Nor do I recall a nurse named Lt Naiomi Selff
-  or a nurse named Capt “Slats” Wilson. While at Walker AFB I did not
-  witness or hear rumors of anything that involved flying saucers,
-  aliens, or anything else of an extraterrestrial nature.
-
-  I am not part of a conspiracy to withhold information from either
-  the US government or the American public, there is no classified
-  information that I am withholding related to this inquiry and I
-  have not been threatened by US government persons concerning not
-  talking about this matter.
-
-  SIGNED:                       Sworn to and subscribed before me,
-                                an individual authorized to administer
-                                oaths, this 25th day of April 1996 at
-                                Aztec, NM
-
-  [Signature]                   [Signature]
-  Frank B. Nordstrom, M.D.      James McAndrew, Capt, USAFR
-
-  WITNESS:
-
-
-
-
-                              Appendix C
-
-
-                     Transcript of Interview with
-                          Gerald Anderson[*]
-                     Alleged firsthand witness to
-                           “Crash Site” Two
-              (allegedly 175 miles northwest of Roswell)
-
-  [*] Excerpted from raw footage used to prepare the video,
-  _Recollections of Roswell Part II_, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO
-  Research, 1993).
-
-A: We drove down to the Plains of San Agustin which is west of Socorro,
-New Mexico in the Magdalena, Datil, area. We were down there looking
-for banded and moss agate, which according to my uncle Ted and my
-cousin Victor was prevalent in the area. My brother being an amateur
-rock hound had wanted to get some of this. That was a way of showing us
-around the area. They had relatives down in Magdalena that they wanted
-to introduce us to.
-
-So we had gone down there and we got down in the Horse Springs area and
-had driven off onto the plains down an old rutted road for, oh, a mile
-or so and it seemed like a long ways. We parked the car, got out of the
-car and walked down a hillside.
-
-There’s a semi-forest, I guess you could say. It had pinon trees and
-scrub oak and stuff like that on it and we walked—well, not scrub oak,
-but cedar—and walked down the hillside into an arroyo, a dry wash, and
-then walked south down a dry wash toward where the agates were supposed
-to be at.
-
-As we came around a bend in the arroyo that had pinon and cedar
-trees growing, we were able to see farther ahead down the arroyo and
-on the next ridge line there was a large silver disc shaped object
-was embedded in this side of the ridge line ... there was debris
-and wreckage strewn about the area mainly this thing was intact. I
-would estimate its size from an adult perspective to something like
-35 feet in diameter. I’ve heard other people who were there say they
-thought it was like 50 feet. But as an adult, I would say about 35
-feet in diameter, quite large. When we got up to it there were four
-bodies there ... not human, there was two of them that were obviously
-dead, one of them was obviously very badly injured, and one of them
-apparently suffered no ill effects ... or it didn’t appear to be
-injured and was ambulatory, was mobile. It was just setting there next
-to the one...
-
-Q: Were they right next to the vehicle?
-
-A: Right next to it. Right under the edge of it. And this craft had
-apparently come in from the east and bounced off one ridge line,
-plowing through this arroyo area and then crashed into the ridge line
-and embedded itself. They were sitting back under the edge, it was kind
-of tilted up like this and they were sitting back under the edge here.
-And I’m assuming that this one creature that was all right had laid
-this material on the ground but it looked like unrolled tinfoil that
-these other three creatures were laying on. Like it was trying—like
-you do a person in shock, you know, a put him on a blanket, that kind
-of thing. And apparently it had some boxes there around it and had
-apparently been trying to give first aid or help these other creatures
-when we first got there.
-
-As we approached, the creature drew back like this, like it was in
-fear, like we were going to hurt it. And it wasn’t very long, you know,
-we were trying to communicate with it, the adults were. It seemed
-to calm down and just sat there and kind of looked back and forth,
-watching them, apparently trying to figure out what was going on...
-
-Q: What did it look like, a little bit more.
-
-A: These creatures, all of them, were, oh, about four foot tall, four
-and a half feet tall. They had very large heads that were shaped larger
-on the top and they kind of tapered down, not to a real sharp point
-but just tapered down where they were thin. And they had very large,
-very large, oval shaped or almond shaped, I guess you could say, black
-eyes. The head... They were so shiny, they had almost a bluish tint to
-them when the light reflected off of them. Their skin coloration, the
-best way that I could describe that is it was kind of a bluish tinted
-milky-white. It looked like someone in shock. And the ones that were
-laying on the ground were really—really looked more that way, more blue
-in the light, you know...
-
-Q: How about ears, nose, mouth?
-
-A: No, there were no visible ears on the creatures except like—if you
-was just to cover your ear like this to where there was just a rise
-there and then a hole without, you know, your ear lobe and the rest of
-the area...
-
-Q: How about nose?
-
-A: It was—the nose was very, very small, almost imperceptible. It’s
-like two holes, straight in; and the lips were just a straight line. It
-was like a cut and you couldn’t see, just the lips like we have, it was
-just a slit. And...
-
-Q: What hair color? Sound?
-
-A: Pardon?
-
-Q: What hair color?
-
-A: There was no hair. They were completely bald.
-
-Q: And no sounds?
-
-A: I never heard a sound one, not out of any of the creatures including
-the one that was...
-
-Q: Did you see fingers?
-
-A: Yes, they had fingers like this. They didn’t have a little finger.
-They just had the thumb and three extra digits except the center digit
-was longer and the other two were about the same size. They were very
-long and slender and looked very delicate and I made the statement
-before and I’ll make it again, I think he would have made an excellent
-violinist because of the structure of their hands.
-
-They were wearing one piece suits. All of them were dressed exactly the
-same. It was sort of a real shiny silverish gray color.
-
-Q: No zippers, buttons?
-
-A: No, I saw no zippers, no buttons.
-
-Q: Insignias?
-
-A: No, no insignias. The only thing that was different, you know, and
-they all had this, but the only that was different from the silvery
-gray thing, the suit, was that down like a seam line, like there was
-a seam on his shoulder and around the collar it was trimmed in what
-appeared to be maroon, like cording.
-
-Then the suits were continuous with their footwear. We could see right
-this area down, it seemed to be less pliable then it was up here, like
-this was a stiffer area, like they were boots or shoes or something.
-But they were all dressed exactly the same.
-
-Q: Okay. So you and your family are talking back and forth, wondering
-what was going on, what did your family say? I mean...
-
-A: Well...
-
-Q: ...did they say anything?
-
-A: Yes, my brother, one of his first remarks I heard him say him say,
-“That’s a god damn spaceship.” You know there were bodies up there and,
-you know, I was told not to go up there, which I didn’t. And...
-
-Q: How old was your brother at the time?
-
-A: He was in his early twenties, I think, 20, 21, something like that.
-
-Q: He was a lot older than you were?
-
-A: Oh, yes, considerably.
-
-When we got up there I kind of meandered off to one side. This thing
-was cocked up and I was standing here, the bodies were here, and
-everybody else was kind of down here except my cousin Victor was over
-here playing and looking in this gaping hole on the side of this disk.
-And it was shaped just like a discus except for a round dome was up on
-top and there was this big gaping gash in there. We could see inside
-and it looked like a double hull.
-
-Q: How big—explain it? The gash.
-
-A: The dome?
-
-Q: No, the gash.
-
-A: Well, it covered the greater majority from the center of the craft
-out. It was just like a gaping hole in there. I mean I’m thinking, you
-know, it’s like about 32, 35 feet in diameter so we’re talking about 17
-feet maybe. Most of that one side was ripped open like that. You could
-see inside and you could see another double hull, like—in there. And
-there were just rows of components that was on there.
-
-And there were lights that flashed on and off. Some of them were steady
-and some were flashing. There was a lot of debris and stuff hanging out
-of the hole. There was evidence that there apparently had been fire. It
-looked like it had been burned along the edge there. The gash...
-
-Q: Now this wasn’t a gash that could have been caused by the thing
-coming in for the ground? It wasn’t at the leading edge of the vehicle?
-
-A: No, no. This was in the side like—it almost appeared it was
-elliptical. It almost appeared as if something the same shape as the
-disk we were looking at had hit that same—you know, like it hit the
-disk and left an imprint that pretty closely approximated the outside
-diameter of the disk itself. And it appeared to be caved in looking,
-kind of like it hit them like this and it just crumpled and caved in
-and ripped it open.
-
-Q: Okay, so you’re there, you take all this in, everybody is mystified.
-What were the circumstances outside? Hot, cold?
-
-A: Very, very hot. Incredible to me, being the first time in New Mexico
-and coming from back east. I had dry heaves. It was like the inside of
-an oven. It was unbelievable to me. You know, the odd part about this
-was that the closer you got to it, the cooler it was. And standing
-under it in the shade there next to these creatures’ bodies, it was
-like refrigerated air conditioning. And...
-
-Q: Did you feel air coming out of this thing?
-
-A: No, it was just like it was (inaudible).
-
-And I remember reaching up and putting my hand on the side of it but I
-think I was afraid I was going to hit my head because there was enough
-room for me as small child, you know, I was approximately the same size
-as these creatures, to walk up under there and stand there but I kind
-of did like that, put my hand up against this thing.
-
-Q: What did it feel like?
-
-A: It was ice cold. It felt like it just came out of a freezer.
-
-Q: Was it smooth? Was it rough?
-
-A: It was very smooth. It had a very smooth texture to it. It was
-obviously made out of metal. It was very solid and it was very cold,
-ice cold.
-
-And there was a smell in the area. It smelled volatile, acrid, like
-acetone. And that seemed to be coming out of that gash, that smell. But
-the closer you got to this thing, the cooler it was so, you know, I
-kind of remained there.
-
-And I guess that while they were over here, my father and my uncle Ted
-and my brother. Uncle Ted was trying to talk to this thing in Spanish
-and of course it didn’t understand a word he said. And dad tried to
-talk to it and then they tried, you know, sign language and that didn’t
-work.
-
-And I don’t know, for some reason, I just—I reached down and touched
-it, this one that was laying next to me. When I touched it I realized
-and I jumped back. It scared me. It startled me because I suddenly
-realized that these weren’t dolls. I thought they were plastic dolls.
-And I—you know, it was still in my mind that these were dolls until I
-touched it and then I realized, you know, this was a dead thing.
-
-I’d seen dead relatives before and unfortunately made a mistake one
-time in touching a relative that was in a casket and I just knew this
-was a dead thing and it scared me, and I ran around behind my father
-and my uncle and this thing was sitting there on the ground and it kept
-looking back and forth. And it just had its hands like this in its lap,
-and just kept looking back and forth between the three of them and—like
-it was trying to understand.
-
-And all of a sudden it just turned and looked right straight at me
-between my uncle Ted and myself. And this is when—it was just like an
-explosion of things in my head, things... I started, you know, feeling,
-just terrible depression and loneliness and fear and just, you know,
-awful, awful feelings that just suddenly burst in to my mind there. I
-don’t know if that meant that it was communicating with me and I was
-the only one there that it could communicate with because I was a kid.
-I don’t know.
-
-I turned and ran and I ran across the arroyo and up on the area that it
-had bounced off of during the crash. I was just standing there looking
-down at this scene, you know, at my family, and off in the distance I
-could see cattle grazing. I could see a windmill and could see dust
-trails out on the plains out there.
-
-And, oh, I was there for a while and then I came back down. I guess we
-were there—Victor was, when I got back down there Victor was up in the
-craft and Ted yelled at him to get out of there and Glen went over and
-grabbed him by the belt and jerked him around...
-
-Q: That’s your brother?
-
-A: Yes.
-
-And jerked him off, says, “Get out because this thing may explode and
-kill us all,” you know, and then of course he went prowling around in
-there.
-
-I was kind of standing off to one side looking. That’s why I knew that
-there was—I can look off these rocks that I was standing on and look
-right into this thing. That’s why I knew, you know, about the lights
-and the components and stuff.
-
-And then I heard other people talking. I turned and there was a group
-of people coming up the arroyo from out on the plains from the south.
-They had come up there and of course they walked up and was talking.
-
-Q: How many?
-
-A: There was an older man and five younger students.
-
-Q: Boys, girls?
-
-A: Three boys and two girls. And they were all, you know, introducing,
-talking to my father and my uncle and my brother...
-
-Q: What did the older one look like?
-
-A: He was a very tall man, a very big man. He was wearing a pith helmet
-when he first came up, one of those kind of explorer helmets. And he
-was bald and I know that because he had taken it off and he had, you
-know, wiped it with a handkerchief and put it back on. He was a balding
-man. And he had a round face. He was very ruddy complected. A big man,
-and he apparently was a doctor because they kept calling him doctor and
-it was my understanding that it was an archeological group that was out
-there on some kind of summer thing. And they talked and he apparently
-was able to speak several foreign languages and he tried to talk to
-this creature several times in different languages, again to no avail.
-
-Q: How did they happen to be there? Had he seen the thing...
-
-A: Well, they claim that they saw—they said they saw this thing come
-down the night before in flight, you know, and they thought it was a
-meteorite and they had talked about well, early in the morning, you
-know, we’ll go over and see this, where this meteor came down, because
-that’s what they thought it was.
-
-And when the sun came up the next morning, you know, and they got
-about their business, got up and somebody looked over and said, you
-know, they saw this shiny metal and stuff across the plains there and
-they realized it wasn’t a meteorite, it may have been an airplane that
-had crashed so they all decided to go over there and see if there was
-anybody left alive, you know, that was hurt that needed help.
-
-Q: They had driven over?
-
-A: No, they walked over apparently, the way I understand it. And it’s
-quite a ways across that plain so it had to take a very long time
-to do this or they may have had a vehicle, I don’t know. That’s an
-assumption, I think, on my part, where they walked.
-
-Q: Okay. So they’re around...
-
-A: But they came across...
-
-Q: ...with the family...
-
-A: ...the plains. I don’t know why I said that. I’m not sure if they
-drove or not. I didn’t hear any cars.
-
-Q: And then somebody else shows up?
-
-A: Yes, they were down just, oh, 15 maybe 20 minutes tops, you know.
-And they were picking up things, some of the students. And this Dr.
-Buskirk, that they called him, this one girl went up and said, “Look,
-doctor, wouldn’t this make a beautiful ring?” And she was holding what
-looked like a red rod, a red tube that was some kind of silvery-red.
-
-And he kind of snapped at her, you know, “Put that down because you
-don’t know what that thing is. That thing could hurt you. Don’t pick
-this stuff up.”
-
-And she kind of said, “Well, yes, okay, doctor.” And then he went back
-to what he was doing and she walked away and put it in her pocket.
-
-And a lot of them were doing this, sort of picking up things and
-feeling things. I was picking up things and feeling things. It was all
-kinds of material and metal, stuff like that. I heard it, well, we all
-heard it, the sound of a motor coming, like a truck. And I went back up
-the incline area to the ridge line and I could see out there, there was
-a truck coming up. It was an old pick-up truck. It was sort of a beige
-color, a tan colored van with an antenna on it. And it stopped and this
-guy got out and he’s wearing brown clothes. He’s got boots on and he’s
-wearing a straw hat, just like the kind that Harry Truman always wore,
-and he had wire rimmed glasses. He was a big man and he looked exactly
-like Harry Truman to me. You know, I’d seen him in the Movietone News...
-
-Q: He was president then.
-
-A: Yes, I was well aware who Harry Truman was. Everybody was. He was
-kind of a hero, you know, and he just kind of looked like him except
-bigger, bigger. You know, I don’t think he—and he didn’t look as old
-either. His hair was kind of light gray.
-
-And he walked over there and they got to talking, you know, with
-everybody and he told them that he worked out on the plains out there
-and that he made maps and that he had seen the wreckage from out there
-on the plains and he saw the people and he thought it was a plane wreck
-and, you know, that something was going on and he came over to see.
-
-And he hadn’t been there but just a very, very few minutes when we
-heard all kinds of motors and engines straining and stuff. And here
-comes a military car with a big white star on the side of it followed
-by a six-by which is a military truck with a kind of canvas wagon, kind
-of a canvas thing over it and it’s full of soldiers. They’ve got guns.
-And right behind them is what we call a four-by which is like a medium
-sized jeep/truck situation and it had two big high whip antennas, all
-kinds of radio gear in the back and a guy back there with ear phones
-and stuff on and he’s, you know, working these radios. And they all
-pulled up and stopped.
-
-Q: Which direction did they come from, do you know?
-
-A: They came from the north, from the Horse Springs area, right...
-
-Q: So they could have come off the highway there...
-
-A: Oh, yes. I’m sure that’s exactly how they got there. They come off
-the highway, the same way we did. Well, in the meantime, when they
-stopped, this black soldier, this sergeant, the reason I know he was
-a sergeant, my brother told me he was, and he got out of this car and
-then a guy got out on the other side and he was a, Glen said he was a
-captain, he told me later he was a captain and this guy had orange and
-red hair. So all the soldiers and them came running over there pointing
-guns at people, telling them, “Get away, get away, get away,” you know?
-And when this creature saw these people, the military, he went nuts. He
-went into an absolute panic, worse than what he did when he saw us.
-
-Q: Did he move around or just his eyes or...
-
-A: He just, he just...
-
-Q: Oh, okay.
-
-A: ...went crazy. And it was like...
-
-Q: Like he was scared?
-
-A: Yes, like he was looking for a place to run and hide.
-
-Q: But he never got up?
-
-A: He never got up. He never left the beings that were next to him.
-
-And this red headed officer, this guy was a real butt hole. He made all
-the threats. He threatened to have people shot.
-
-Q: Everybody?
-
-A: He went, “Get away, get away,” you know, “We’ll shoot. Get away
-from there. This is a military secret.” You know, just screaming and
-hollering. He told my uncle and my father that if they didn’t want to
-spend the rest of their life in prison they would never say anything
-about what they saw there, if they ever wanted to see us kids again,
-they’d take the kids away. They’d never see the kids, you know, meaning
-me and Victor. That we’d better keep our mouths shut because if we did
-not, this is what was going to happen. They were threatening people and
-pushing people...
-
-Q: The students as well and Dr. Buskirk?
-
-A: Oh, yes. They were hustling everybody. And one of the soldiers
-pushed my uncle. He had a rifle like this and he shoved him back like
-that. Well, that was something you didn’t do to my uncle Ted. Ted had
-a violent temper. And he grabbed the rifle and reached over top and
-smacked this guy and dropped him right there. And Ted would go out and
-fight, heck, this guy’s a cowboy. He’ll hit you in a minute.
-
-And of course when he did that there was bolts opened and I guess
-cocking, they were cocking their rifles. They were pointing guns at
-people and everybody Buskirk and Glen and dad grabbed him, you know,
-pulled him back and got him away. “No, don’t, Ted, they’re going to
-shoot. Don’t do that.” You know, trying to stop this. And I think we
-came very close to having someone shot.
-
-Then they really started threatening, you know, and they...
-
-Q: Did the redhead do all the talking, pretty much?
-
-A: Pretty much. Except once in a while the sergeant would, you know,
-chime in and make statements like that to other people in response to
-the redhead. But mainly it was the redhead...
-
-Q: Was there a name tag?
-
-A: Yes, sir, there was. His name was Armstrong. And I’m not sure if I
-know that from having read it or know that from remembering it and now
-being able to read it in my memory, or if someone said that to me. But
-his name was Armstrong, it was right here on his uniform.
-
-Q: But he chased you guys away pretty quick?
-
-A: Yes, yes, he did.
-
-And they herded us up like cattle and we were just up the arroyo, back
-in the direction we came from, over the protest of this Dr. Buskirk who
-said, “No, no, we’ve got to go the other way. We came from over there.”
-
-“I don’t care where you came from, get your ass up the arroyo.”
-
-And they ran us up the arroyo and...
-
-Q: So you get to your car again?
-
-A: Oh, right.
-
-Now they took us up the arroyo and just over the hill we came down,
-they broke us off and moved us up the hill.
-
-Now this whole time, no one has ever frisked us down, no one has ever
-checked our pockets to see if we picked up any of this material and
-this girl, Agnes, still had that stuff in her pocket and some of the
-other students had stuff. To my knowledge, up to that point, they had
-not been searched. Whether they did so afterward, I don’t know. They
-never searched us, ever. They ran us back up the hill and when we got
-to where the car was parked, where dad had parked the car up there,
-there’s a jeep with a guy sitting in the back and there is a mounted
-machine gun in the back of this jeep and all of these soldiers.
-
-The jeep pulls out, we’re told to get in the car, we follow the jeep,
-and the soldiers go with us all the way back out to the highway. When
-we get back out to the highway, they set us right there. They wouldn’t
-let us out of the car. They wouldn’t let us move forward. I don’t know
-whether they were making a decision or what.
-
-When we got out to the highway, this place was absolutely full of
-military personnel, military equipment. There was airplanes sitting out
-there that they had landed on the highway.
-
-Q: Did you see any airplanes when you were back at the site?
-
-A: Yes, there was airplanes in the sky but nobody thought much about.
-You know, I didn’t think anything about it. I was used to airplanes
-being in the sky, having been raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, the home
-of the Norden bombsight, you know, the sky was always full of military
-aircraft at night.
-
-And when we get back on to the highway, there’s observation aircraft,
-you know, high winged aircraft, and there’s one, of what I know now to
-be a C-47 setting there. And how we didn’t hear that land is beyond me
-and how he landed—well, of course, I guess you could land it if you’re
-a good pilot out there as there were no poles or anything.
-
-And it was—they had torn the fence down on the north side of the highway
-and all this equipment was setting back up there. The plane was up
-there and they were taking stuff out of the plane. There was military
-ambulances and there were trucks with—like wreckers, cranes on them.
-And there was tankers, like maybe had fuel or water in them. There was
-just—everywhere you looked there was military.
-
-Q: A major recovery operation?
-
-A: Yes, it looked like an invasion force. It really did.
-
-And they were all wearing these light khaki uniforms. They didn’t look
-like, you know, olive drabs. They were light khaki and they all had the
-same patch over their—that kind of blue funny patch with the circles on
-it, was on his shoulder.
-
-And a lot...
-
-Q: Do you have a clue as to where they came from? Did your brother or
-your uncle?
-
-A: No. I don’t know where they came from. No, I don’t think anybody
-ever ascertained that.
-
-There were a lot of MP patches and some of them were wearing
-nightsticks off of these webbed utility belts. They had night sticks
-and they had .45’s in holsters, you know, the automatics, full
-holsters. And these were the people that were giving most of the orders.
-
-They had the road barricaded off out there and we sat there for a very
-long time and, you know, we were getting thirsty and everything and we
-asked if we could go back to Horse Springs to get some water.
-
-“Oh, no, no. You can’t through there.”
-
-And right after that, they said, “Now you just turn around and you head
-out of here now and you go to Socorro,” and this is the redhead again,
-“Keep your mouths shut. Just keep going and don’t look back.”
-
-Well, as we drove away, you know, dad, “The hell with it, we’ll go to
-Magdalena. We’ll get water in Magdalena.” You know, because that’s
-where John Trujillo lived, a relative of Ted’s.
-
-And so as we drove away, I was looking out the back window and I could
-see Dr. Buskirk and these kids and that guy, the guy in the pick-up was
-standing there and this Dr. Buskirk was doing just like this in this
-redheaded officer’s face and he kept pointing back behind him and I
-guess that meant, you know, we’ve got to go back that way and he was
-fed up with this guy or something and he was shaking his finger in his
-face when they were yelling at each other and that’s pretty much the
-last I saw of the whole situation. I don’t know what happened after
-that because we just kept going.
-
-                                 (END)
-
-
-                     Transcript of Interview with
-                          W. Glenn Dennis[*]
-                     (Alleged firsthand witness to
-                  events at the Roswell AAF hospital)
-
-  [*] W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2,
-  1992.
-
-Q: You started getting calls from the base mortuary officer is that
-right, some time in the afternoon on some day in July [1947].
-
-A: Right after noon, yeah.
-
-Q: Do you recall, was that before the story appeared in the [Roswell
-Daily] Record?
-
-A: I don’t know. I’m sure it was. I can’t honestly say, but I don’t
-think the paper came out until the next day, I don’t think. I’m just
-assuming that.
-
-Q: I understand. When things like that happen to me way after the fact
-I try to remember, and I wasn’t sure if you had any recollection or
-not. It was the base mortuary officer who called you, not any of the
-MDs out there.
-
-A: No.
-
-Q: He was just, the mortuary officer was just the guy...
-
-A: We used to have a standing joke. What did you do that was so bad
-they made you the mortuary officer.
-
-Q: Exactly.
-
-A: He wasn’t a doctor or anything, but he was an officer and he was
-probably some old boy they was trying to figure out something to do
-with.
-
-We used to all have them come in, even the officer himself, say, “God,
-I didn’t know I screwed up that bad.”
-
-Q: Was this a guy you’d worked with before? Somebody you knew real well?
-
-A: No. Those guys come and go.
-
-Q: I realize that. You don’t remember what his name was or anything
-like that?
-
-A: No. I’m like Bob [Shirkey]. I think if I would see it or heard it
-or something I might. Those guys, they were in and out. The mortuary
-officer, usually they would appoint some sergeant or somebody. The
-only time the doctors were involved is when you’d have an embalming
-inspection or dress inspection where the doctors came in and examined
-the body to make sure everything was right. You had another inspection
-to make sure their dog tags, make sure all the medals and everything...
-
-They always had two crews of inspectors. The doctors were only involved
-in the cause of death or the autopsies or identification process,
-dental charts and all that. After they did their work, then a doctor
-would always come in and make sure the body was embalmed because [they]
-know more about it than the other people. But they were involved
-before. You know.
-
-Q: The reason they contacted you was because Burt Ballard’s funeral
-home up here had a contract with the base, right?
-
-A: Yeah.
-
-Q: You worked for Burt for a lot of years, didn’t you?
-
-A: Yeah, a long time.
-
-Q: When did you first go to work for him?
-
-A: I went to work for him, I was hanging around the funeral home when
-I was like a freshman in high school. I’d want to make some extra
-money. “I’ll give you 50 cents to wash the hearse.” I knew his daughter
-real well. We were all in school together. That’s where I really got
-involved in the funeral home. I just kind of worked my way in it.
-
-Q: He basically taught you the trade and all that.
-
-A: Oh, yeah. My folks weren’t in the funeral business.
-
-Q: The reason I was curious about it was because when I went back...
-I’m one of these guys that goes to Washington and then gets fed up
-and leaves and swears I’m never going to go back, and then I go
-back anyway. But the last time I went back and did that, I shared a
-townhouse with a guy for awhile who was a mortician from Michigan. But
-he had to go through all this formal training and all this rigmarole...
-
-A: No. That started in (inaudible). Maybe you don’t want to hear
-this, but I was in the 9th grade, and this teacher was going around
-and wanted us to write a composition on what we wanted to be when we
-graduated from school. What were our future plans. I was kind of a wise
-guy, I guess I must have been, but I said undertaker, and I don’t even
-know why. All the girls squealed, so I got a little attention. Then
-she said okay, if that’s what you want to do then you’ve got a week,
-you bring me your composition. I want to know why you want to be an
-undertaker.
-
-So I went to the funeral home. They didn’t have any books in those days
-or anything, but that’s where I went. That’s why I got involved in it,
-started.
-
-Q: How long were you in that business before you... I know you ran the
-Wortley Hotel up in Lincoln [N.M.].
-
-A: Oh, that was after I retired.
-
-Q: Oh, I see, you retired from the mortuary business...
-
-A: Oh, yeah. I was in the funeral business 33 years.
-
-Q: All the time with Ballard?
-
-A: Oh no, I had my own funeral home over in Las Cruces [N.M.], and one
-in Socorro [N.M.].
-
-Q: Oh, okay.
-
-Speaking of that, do you know Norman Todd or his family?
-
-A: His dad and I took the state board together. He was at Clovis
-[N.M.]. Norman’s his son isn’t it?
-
-Q: Yeah. He’s a lawyer over in Las Cruces [N.M.]. His...
-
-A: Wasn’t his dad the funeral director in Clovis [N.M.]?
-
-Q: I think so. The reason I know him is because Mike Cook, who is Steve
-Schiff’s press secretary, and he have been friends ever since they were
-in kindergarten together. It turns out that Iris Todd, I guess his
-stepmother, is the niece of Loretta Proctor. So talk about small world.
-
-You got these calls from the mortuary officer who was asking you all
-these questions. We don’t have to go back through all of this. Then at
-some point you decided to go out to the base. What took you to the base?
-
-A: At some point I didn’t decide, that’s not correct. Somebody wrote
-that, but I don’t think it’s right. The way I ended up out at the base
-later, we had the ambulance service. The way I got it, the ambulance
-service, I got a call, was an airman that was hurt. I took him to the
-base. The best I remember, he wasn’t on a stretcher or anything because
-we walked up the ramp and he sat up in the front seat with me. So he
-weren’t real bad and weren’t dying. Anyway... This guy walked in, I
-walked him in. Where I usually park the ambulance, there was a field
-ambulance there. I had to go back up to the front. The airman and I
-walked up the ramps. That’s why I went to the base.
-
-Q: The hospital in those days was apparently a complex of buildings,
-right?
-
-A: Yeah. Kind of like Bob [Shirkey] said, like the officer’s club.
-They’re all wooden barrack types.
-
-Q: So the building that’s out there now, the rehab center is a
-completely new building and had nothing to do with that.
-
-A2 [Bob Shirkey]: No. Think of a long walkway, like a tunnel, attached
-to the front of a series of...
-
-Q: I know just what you’re talking about.
-
-A: ...with a little of breezeway between each building, the best I
-remember it. Isn’t that right. Bob?
-
-A2 [Bob Shirkey]: Yeah. Here was the building and you came out the
-front door and you went down this walkway, which I just said, like a
-tunnel. You could see from one end to the other, but all these separate
-buildings which were different wings of the hospital.
-
-Q: This was the infirmary where you took the airman, right?
-
-A: There were some ramps there, I think the old ramp’s still there. It
-was. Anyway, that’s the kind of buildings they were. You don’t see it
-today, no.
-
-Q: I knew that the building, most of it, was new, but I wasn’t sure if
-they’d built onto it...
-
-A: That had been worked over two or three times.
-
-Q: When you look at it looks like it’s been one of these things where
-they’ve added things to it.
-
-So you pulled around behind the infirmary, basically.
-
-A: It was a pretty tight squeeze in there. You couldn’t get very many
-cars in there.
-
-Q: How many of those ambulances were back there?
-
-A: There were three old box ambulances. I call them box ambulance. I
-guess you call them... I wasn’t in the military so I don’t know what
-all the terms were.
-
-Q: Like these old field ambulances.
-
-A: They’ve got the old square field ambulances, you know.
-
-Q: The airman walked up that ramp with you. Both of you guys went
-into...
-
-A: The airman and I both went in.
-
-Q: Did he see that stuff in...
-
-A: He wasn’t paying any attention because he had, I had a tourniquet
-and towel over his busted nose, and he went right on in.
-
-Q: Got himself into a little trouble in town, did he?
-
-A: Rode an old motorcycle. The reason I remember it is because he had
-an old Indian motorcycle, and I’d just bought one. I paid $40 for one
-and he [rode] one, and I didn’t have any fenders, and I was thinking of
-maybe of...
-
-Q: So you took him in there, and then basically after you got him taken
-care of you figured you’d go look up your friend, the nurse.
-
-Let’s get that straight.
-
-A: Stan Friedman, I think, somebody thought that I was having a
-relationship with this nurse. I was not. This girl wouldn’t even think
-about going with me, and she was going strictly, when she got her
-time paid back to the service she was going into an order of the nuns,
-sisters, and she was going to be in education and later on she changed
-to the nursing deal. The only reason she was in it, because her folks
-were in debt and she went in the service to get her education. She got
-her education and then she was going to pay back the church what they
-owed her. Her whole thing in life was, from the day she was born, her
-life was planned that she was going to be in an order.
-
-Q: Did she ever tell you which order that was?
-
-A: It was in St. Paul, Minnesota. That’s all I know.
-
-Q: That’s where she was from.
-
-A: That’s where she was born and raised. She never went out of the city
-until she went to... My understanding was she never went anywhere and
-she never lived anywhere. She was raised up from the time... Strictly
-raised by the church. That was the only life she ever planned. She
-wouldn’t date a man if her life depended on it. She’d get around and
-talk and everything, but there was no way. But everybody said I was
-going to marry her and... That’s bull shit.
-
-Q: The implication was that she was cute and...
-
-A: She was cute. I could have been interested. If I wouldn’t have
-played second fiddle to the Catholic church, because that’s what she
-would have been.
-
-Q: How did you get to know her, just being out there on the base?
-
-A: The ambulance service. You go out there, and you’ve got your splints
-on a guy, you’ve got first aid, whatever, you can’t just throw them off
-of your stretcher. You maybe help them... Sometimes you’re out there
-two hours or three. Then while you’re waiting to get your equipment
-back you sit in the coat room with the doctors and with the nurse’s
-quarters. That’s where we always had our cokes and stuff.
-
-Q: So you’d just shoot the breeze with whoever’s around.
-
-A: You get to know these people. That’s the only way. See, she’d only
-been there less than three months. Of course, I’m a crazy son of a
-gun... Nearly everybody remembered her. She was a good looking little
-thing, a beautiful little girl. We thought she was kind of lonely.
-
-Q: As you well know, there’s been a major effort to try to find her.
-
-[Skip in tape]
-
-A: She was out here less than three months.
-
-Q: So you went back there. Tell me what happened.
-
-A: I started back there, and that’s when I got in trouble. I saw this
-officer standing there, and I saw this debris in the back of the
-ambulance. Two of them was full of debris. Like Bob [Shirkey] saw a
-bunch little stuff, and there was a couple of pretty good sized.
-
-Q: Two of the three ambulances had stuff...
-
-A: One of them’s door was closed, but the other two... There was two
-MPs standing right out, kind of just leaning up against the back of
-those. I remember.
-
-Q: Did they challenge you when you tried to go in?
-
-A: No... Evidently because I drove up with that airman, and they just
-figured whatever.
-
-Another thing, when I was there, all the people that was there, that
-nurse was the only person I saw that was permanent station. Everybody
-else was all new in that whole hospital operation. Even in the coke
-room, there wasn’t anybody in there that I knew. I started back and got
-to the door, and I saw this...
-
-(Pause)
-
-We’ve been friends for years, but I don’t want to talk with him around.
-
-Q: So the stuff you saw, you said it was not aluminum...
-
-A: ...looked like hot stainless steel when it got hot. When you put
-flame on stainless, see, I do sculpture work and all that, and I know
-what the stuff looks like.
-
-Q: Oh, you’re a sculpture? I didn’t know that?
-
-A: Yeah, I’ve been doing it for years. I had my own foundry... I did. I
-don’t do it any more. I have my stuff done. But anyway, this stuff was
-a blue purplish, it looked like hot stainless steel, is what it looked
-like. Steel that got hot. It didn’t look like aluminum, it wasn’t even
-melted like aluminum. I don’t even think it was melted, just like a
-bunch of fragments.
-
-Q: But there were some bigger things in there besides the fragments,
-right?
-
-A: Yeah. There were was two pieces.
-
-Anyway, do you want to go back to the nurse?
-
-Q: Yes, please.
-
-A: I started back, see, and this captain was standing there, and
-naturally, I just thought we had a plane crash. When we had that,
-we used to fill up the ambulances and everything else. It would
-(inaudible) for you to have a hand here or an arm or a foot or
-something. You know what I’m talking about. Then you’ve got to get
-in and take all that stuff and separate it and put those bodies back
-together with identification. That’s what you’ve got to do. I thought
-we had a crash.
-
-I saw this guy, I didn’t know him. He was standing there at the door.
-
-Q: Just inside?
-
-A: Just kind of standing like in between the door of this room up
-there. I was going down the hall. I said, “Sir, it looks like we had a
-plane crash. Do I need to go in and get ready for it?”
-
-Q: This was an officer?
-
-A: Yeah, he was a captain. I remember the bars on his [inaudible]. He
-said, “Who are you?” I told him I was from the funeral home, and he
-said, “Wait right there, don’t move.”
-
-Then he came back, that’s when the two MPs came up. When the nurse came
-out, we started down the hall and that’s when somebody in the back of
-us said, “Bring that son of a bitch back.” That’s when the redheaded
-captain asked where the sergeant came in right there. Then they took me
-on out. As I was going down the hall, she came out of, like Bob said,
-out of this room, and there was two guys in back of her, and they all
-had towels over their face.
-
-She saw me and she said, “Glenn, what are you doing here? Get out of
-here, you’re going to get in a lot of trouble. How did you get in
-here?” She said that two or three times. She was sick.
-
-Q: This is when you were talking to that first officer?
-
-A: Yeah. He just told the MPs to take me back to the funeral home.
-
-Q: He had just told them that, and then she appeared at that point?
-
-A: He told them to take me to the funeral home, and we started down the
-hall, back out the hall, and that’s when she came out of another room
-with these other two guys. What happened, she told me the next day,
-they were all sick because those little bodies were in those sacks, and
-two of them were very mangled and the smell was horrible and one was
-whole and two of them were very badly mangled.
-
-Q: Did you get a whiff of that stuff yourself?
-
-A: No, evidently not. If I would have, I would have known what it was.
-I worked on a hell of a lot of stuff.
-
-Q: In that tape you talked about working on floaters and all that kind
-of stuff.
-
-A: You know.
-
-Q: I haven’t had professional experience in it, but I’ve been involved
-in it.
-
-A: In New Mexico you’ve got this hot 100 degree stuff, and you’ve got
-bodies out there two or three days, and (inaudible).
-
-Q: This red headed guy, what was his rank, do you remember?
-
-A: I think he was a captain. It seemed to me like he had on some bars.
-
-Q: When he first appeared and started getting, essentially, pretty
-rough, was the sergeant around at that time, or did he show up...
-
-A: He was kind of beside of him. I think they were standing there....
-Yeah, they were definitely standing there together. I don’t know if
-they walked in together, because I didn’t see them until they turned me
-around.
-
-Q: Was there a lot of activity at that time? Were there people...
-
-A: People were [fastened] everywhere. And the odd part of it was, there
-wasn’t anybody, wasn’t any of our regular people. These were all people
-that I’d never seen before. That’s why I got in so much trouble. I’d
-never seen these guys.
-
-Q: These were not any of the guys that would ordinarily recognize you
-as somebody who would...
-
-A: And they sure as hell didn’t want me there, you know that.
-
-Q: When he says, “Get him out of there,” the redhead, did he make any
-threats to you himself? Did he say, “Don’t say anything about this,
-forget it...”
-
-A: He said, just like that. He says, “Now listen, Mister, you don’t
-go back into town starting a bunch of damn rumors.” This guy swore as
-much as I do. Anyway, he said, “Don’t start a bunch of damn rumors,
-because nothing happened out here. There’s no plane crashes. Nothing’s
-happened. You don’t go in and start.” Then he told the MPs, “Get the
-son of a bitch out of here.”
-
-That’s when I said, right then, I said, “Look, Mister, I’m a civilian,
-and you can’t do a damn thing to me, you go to hell.” That’s when he
-said, “Listen, Mister, somebody will be picking your bones out of the
-sand.”
-
-Then the black sergeant said, “Sir, he would make good dog food,” or
-something like that. I remember the dog food.
-
-The next morning at 6:00 o’clock the sheriff was out at my dad’s house
-and told my dad, “Glenn may be in a lot of trouble with the base, and
-tell him to keep his mouth shut.”
-
-I never told my story to anybody, but my dad came up, I was living in a
-room at the funeral home. He came up and got me out of bed and wanted
-to know what I’d done. He was a very patriotic old man, and he said,
-“If you done anything against our government, I’ll take care of it.”
-
-Q: When was this?
-
-A: The next morning.
-
-Q: You were saying what the heck? What’s going on?
-
-A: Yeah. I said, well hey... He said, George Wilcox—the sheriff and my
-dad were real good friends, and he said George tells me you’re in a lot
-of trouble out there. He wasn’t going to leave, and I told my dad the
-story. He got all upset because they threatened me and all this kind of
-stuff.
-
-I didn’t see the nurse, then, until the next day. After I saw her, then
-I kept calling. When I got back to the funeral home I started calling,
-because she was in trouble and so was I.
-
-Q: It was the next morning after you’d been hustled out of there that
-your dad came by to see you.
-
-A: Yeah, 6:00 o’clock in the morning.
-
-Q: He’d been called by the sheriff...
-
-A: The sheriff went to my mother and dad’s house, and at 6:00
-o’clock... My dad always got up early, sat and had coffee. He was an
-old carpenter and building contractor. He and George were old friends
-because he used to go hunting, and dad was making gun stocks, so they
-were good friends. They used to play some kind of domino games or 42,
-whatever you call it. They were good friends.
-
-Q: So the sheriff went by to see your dad...
-
-A: Dad said he was there at 6:00 o’clock.
-
-Q: The sheriff came by early in the morning and then your dad
-immediately came from home and came to see you.
-
-A: After George Wilcox left, my dad came up to the funeral home and
-wanted to know what I did.
-
-Q: Did your dad say why the sheriff... Had the sheriff been contacted
-by the base, or...
-
-A: No, he just said, he was concerned about what I’d done, how I’d got
-in trouble.
-
-Q: Do you remember what he told you about what Wilcox told him?
-
-A: He just said George said I was in trouble at the base, and what did
-I do.
-
-Q: Then after having this rude awakening, you then... Did you call the
-nurse?
-
-A: Well, yeah, this was in mid-morning. I remember I finally, I waited
-until kind of, well, it must have been 9:00 o’clock or so, and I
-called. I knew the work station that she always worked at. She was a
-general nurse. They didn’t specialize. Just orderlies and everybody was
-on general duty in those days. I was informed that she wasn’t there,
-she wasn’t working. She wasn’t working that day.
-
-Q: It was one of the other nurses that you talked to?
-
-A: Yeah, it was an old girl by the name of Wilson, Captain Wilson. I
-asked her, I said “what happened?” She said, “Glenn, I don’t know what
-happened, but she’s not on duty. I’ll try to get the word to her that
-you want to talk to her.” She was wanting to talk to me, but she was
-sick. She was in total shock.
-
-Q: Did she tell you that later, that she was sick?
-
-A: I knew she was sick. She came out with that towel. She said, she and
-the two doctors were sick. Then at the Officers’ Club, she said I want
-to know what happened to you, and I’ll tell you what happened to me.
-The only way we ever got to the Officers’ Club, the old regular group
-said you don’t go anywhere, you keep your mouth shut, [inaudible] said
-that. The old group, they would have known us. It probably wouldn’t
-have mattered. But these people, hell, these people didn’t know us.
-And of course I had a pass, and I had an associate membership to the
-Officers’ Club, the funeral home did, so I could go as I pleased. I had
-free access to the base.
-
-Q: Did you meet her at the club?
-
-A: She said she’d meet me over there. She was sick. She said I’ll meet
-you there.
-
-Q: When you got there, she was at the club?
-
-A: She was walking up when I drove up. She walked over. It wasn’t very
-far from the hospital.
-
-Q: She walked from the hospital or...
-
-A: From the nurse’s quarters.
-
-Q: Let me back up to the event with the MPs. They physically hustled
-you out of the hospital...
-
-A: Well, they didn’t carry me out, they said, “Come on, we’re taking
-you back,” one on each side. They didn’t have their hands on me or
-forcing me.
-
-Q: I’ve forgotten which one of the accounts has them lifting you right
-off your feet and all that kind of stuff.
-
-A: No. They may have got me by the elbow, but that was that. They were
-nice guys. They were doing what they were told to do.
-
-Q: They got you to the ambulance. Did they follow you back to the
-funeral home?
-
-A: One followed me in a pickup and the other one sat in the seat with
-me.
-
-Q: Oh, I see, he actually rode with you in the ambulance.
-
-A: He rode with me, and the other one drove a pickup and picked him up.
-They had a pickup.
-
-Q: Did the guy riding with you say anything about what was going on?
-
-A: He said he didn’t know what was going on. That was the first thing I
-said, “What in the hell’s going on?” You know. He said, “You know more
-about it than we do,” something similar to that. I don’t know the exact
-words, but he didn’t know anything.
-
-Q: Now we’re back to the Officers’ Club and you met her there. When you
-saw her, how did she look?
-
-A: Like a nervous wreck. Her hair wasn’t combed or nothing. She said
-she’d been sick all night crying and everything else, and she was still
-crying. She was hysterical. She put her hands over her face and said
-I can’t believe it. The most horrible thing she’d ever seen. She was
-really in bad shape.
-
-Q: You called her and wanted to get in touch with her to talk with her
-about what happened.
-
-A: I was curious.
-
-Q: Did she seem reluctant at first to talk to you about it?
-
-A: No, she said I’ve got to talk to you. I want to know what happened
-to you. She said I’ve got to talk to somebody, and that was it. You
-know, I’d see her a lot. I knew all those old girls out there, you know.
-
-Q: Did she give you any indication or any reason to believe that she
-had been told to keep her mouth shut about it, or...
-
-A: Well, yeah, because I’ll tell you what. She had this drawing on the
-back of a prescription pad, these little bodies, it was on the back,
-a little small thing on the back of a prescription pad. She said,
-“I’m going to show you something, and you have to give me your sacred
-oath that you won’t tell anybody when you got this and you won’t ever
-mention my name, because I will get in a lot of trouble.” That’s what
-she said. “I will get in a lot of trouble.”
-
-Q: She didn’t say specifically that somebody had...
-
-A: No, she just said, “I will get in a lot of trouble.” She said, “Will
-you do that?” I said, “Sure.”
-
-She showed me that. And she had it written on the back like I had it on
-the back of that, you have my drawing, where I said note, and all that.
-That’s what she said.
-
-Q: She let you keep that, she gave it to you?
-
-A: Yeah, she said you look at it and you throw it away. I never did. I
-went and took it back and put it in my personal file.
-
-Q: Which subsequently got tossed, apparently.
-
-A: Well, all the files got tossed.
-
-Q: What happened?
-
-A: Well, the funeral home, I hired some guys, the manager up there
-now [was there] before I left, and Raymond said that he doesn’t know,
-because when he was working up there was another manager, and he
-said he thought Joe [Lucas] told (inaudible). Of course Joe and I
-weren’t very good friends and we’d had some problems over the funeral
-business, and he said Joe found my files. He said I know he went
-through everything you had.
-
-He and I had a partnership in a business, and I put up all the money
-and it went sour and so we had problems.
-
-Q: You and Stan Friedman actually made an effort to try and find that,
-didn’t you?
-
-A: We went down there. The old file was right where I said it was, it
-was still there. But it was, Stan will tell you, we went down in this
-old basement, and I knew exactly... See, I kept files on every case
-that I was involved in, murders, anything that I went to court on, that
-I was a witness on, I kept all that. I called those my personal files.
-If I ever had to go back with the insurance companies or anything, I
-had it all right there. That’s why I had those.
-
-Q: You found the filing cabinet but there was nothing in it?
-
-A: No. We went through it. There wasn’t a thing in it. Stan and I both.
-
-Q: They’d stripped it out, or was there other stuff in there...
-
-A: There wasn’t anything in there.
-
-Q: After all of that excitement, then what? Did it just kind of
-evaporate?
-
-A: It just kind of evaporated. Then of course two or three days later,
-I was concerned about her because she was sick. I took her back to the
-nurse’s quarters and let her out. I called back the next day and they
-said she wasn’t on duty, and I called the next day and they said she
-wasn’t on duty. Then I went out there, for some reason, I don’t recall.
-I went out there and I asked about the lieutenant, and they said she’d
-been transferred out. They said, “She was transferred out yesterday.”
-Well, that was the day after I saw her. They got her out the next day.
-
-Q: Who told you she’d been transferred out?
-
-A: I don’t know. Some nurses...
-
-Q: It wasn’t anybody that you remember?
-
-A: No.
-
-Q: Did they tell you where she’d been shipped to?
-
-A: They didn’t know. They said she had been transferred, and that’s all
-they knew.
-
-Q: But then you heard from her subsequently.
-
-A: About three or four weeks later. I got a card addressed to Ballard
-Funeral Home. It was from her, and inside it just said, just a short
-note, she said we will correspond later to see what happened to each
-other, something similar to those words. She said the only way you can
-contact me is through this APO number, and there was an APO number. It
-was a New York APO number.
-
-Q: So she’d gone to Europe or some place.
-
-A: Then right on the bottom she says, “I’m in London.” That was it. I
-wrote a note, just a note, that said if you feel like it and you get
-time, then I would love to know and we’ll correspond. Mine came back.
-That was about three or four weeks later. Mine came back.
-
-Q: That was the one that was marked deceased?
-
-A: Yes. It said return to sender, [addressee] deceased.
-
-Q: Then what did you do?
-
-A: (inaudible)
-
-Q: You didn’t try to follow up or see if there was any possible...
-
-A: No. I asked (inaudible), at the time we called her Slatts Wilson,
-a big tall nurse, 6′2″, 6′3″, big tall skinny girl. We called her
-Slatts. Everybody called her Slatts. She’s the one that told me she’d
-heard that there was a plane crash and she was the nurse that went down
-on a training mission. She said that’s strictly rumor, I don’t know
-anything about it. That’s what I...
-
-Q: No one’s been able to turn that one up at all.
-
-A: I guess maybe I should never even mention this. I know no one
-believes this damn story. Nobody believes this story.
-
-Q: I don’t know if that’s true.
-
-A: Anyway, it was a hell of a story. I told (inaudible). I said I told
-the woman, I don’t want to give you her name, because I told the lady
-I’d give a sacred oath and I didn’t want to get involved. Well, it’s
-been 45 years, almost 40 years, and I haven’t heard anything. He said
-I will do it confidentially and nobody else will have this name. Well,
-that’s where he broke his promise after that. I got all over him about
-it. I called him and I was madder than hell. He said well, Bob Shirkey
-was the one that told everybody, that he was sitting in the back of
-us. Bob brought Stan [Friedman] up there when he interviewed me. He
-said, Bob Shirkey was the one that let out her name. To this day, Stan
-Friedman (inaudible) still says he did not put her name out. I’ve been
-on several shows, not several, but two or three interviews, and I’m not
-going to mention her name. If somebody says is this her name? I’m not
-going to say it is or it isn’t. I told Stan ... I was madder than hell
-about it, because I did give my word.
-
-Q: There’s another side to that, too, from the standpoint of those
-who are trying to get some answers. By not having her name around,
-it makes it easier to cross-check the stories that you get from
-people. You have... It’s a question of honor, and that’s very sound. I
-applaud you for that. There’s not too many people around these days
-that are concerned about that kind of thing. And it’s also, from an
-investigator’s point of view, an advantage, too.
-
-A: I’ve never read this stuff, I’ve never watched the videos, I’ve
-never read any books, I haven’t even read Stan’s books, I haven’t even
-read [Kevin] Randle’s only what they say about me. Friedman is a lot
-more accurate, but see...
-
-Q: You mean about...
-
-A: About me. I’ve read that. That’s the only thing I’ve read. I’m
-not a UFO guy. I’ve got another life besides UFOs. But anyway, Stan
-Friedman’s story is pretty well right. But Randle and them was always
-said I got curious. I didn’t get curious. I went out there on a call,
-just like I told you.
-
-Q: The section of their book that refers to you is really kind of
-cryptic, anyway.
-
-A: They said the book was already published. Now they had a copy...
-Friedman sent them a copy of my tape. They had the (inaudible). Hell,
-they had my tape. They just made that up. Somebody did.
-
-Q: I was puzzled by it when I read their book. That whole section where
-they refer to you, and it’s all very mysterious, and your name is not
-referred to in the table of contents, but you’re in the list of people
-that’s been interviewed, but you’re not one of the key people lists...
-
-A: They never did interview me.
-
-Q: They never talk to you at all?
-
-A: Not personally. They didn’t interview me until a long time later, a
-year or so later. They only had Stan’s tape.
-
-Q: So when they were actually writing their book...
-
-A: The book was already published.
-
-Q: When they were doing the writing, they were working from Stan’s tape.
-
-A: Evidently.
-
-Q: Who was actually the first UFO investigator to get in touch with you?
-
-A: Stan Friedman. When they had Unsolved Mysteries here and different
-ones. There was a lot of people... I’d get different ones. I had
-different people come and say we want to talk to you about the UFOs,
-and I said I don’t have anything to say, I don’t want to talk about it,
-and I never did. I’ve talked to very few people since.
-
-Q: How did Stan come to find you?
-
-A: One of the guys that I went to school with, high school, and Captain
-Harry Blake, he’s a general now, (inaudible).
-
-Q: Is he still on active duty?
-
-A: No, he’s retired. He was just a general in the military school,
-National Guard, I don’t know. He never was really a good friend of
-mine. We lived across the street from each other when we were kids.
-
-Q: So that’s how Stan found you. He was the first guy to talk to you.
-
-A: Bob Shirkey brought him up there to see me.
-
-(Pause)
-
-Q: There’s a reference in here to you having some years later, I think,
-talked to a pediatrician that you knew? A guy that was stationed...
-
-A: I can’t find his picture, and I don’t remember his name. I ran into
-him when I was fishing up in Colorado and we ran into each other.
-
-Q: This was a guy who was at that time stationed here?
-
-A: He was here, and they called him in. He said that was out of his
-field and he didn’t want anything to do with it.
-
-Q: They actually called him in and asked him to take a look at what had
-been retrieved or...
-
-A: He said they called him in. I don’t know. He said, “But I said that
-was out of my field and I didn’t want anything to do with it.” That’s
-what he told me, now.
-
-Q: Did you get the sense that he knew more than he was telling?
-
-A: I would say so, yeah. I’m sure they did. A lot of those guys out
-there did.
-
-Q: You don’t remember his name?
-
-A: I don’t remember it. But I did run into him. Somewhere I’ve got his
-name.
-
-Q: Have you talked with anyone else? Had you during that time before
-you got into all this...
-
-A: No, I wouldn’t have even talked to him about it. He brought it up
-and wanted to know whatever happened on the UFO business.
-
-Q: It was at his initiative.
-
-A: I didn’t bring it up. I told him I didn’t know any more about it
-than he did. He said well that was strictly out of my field, and I
-didn’t want to get involved in it. That was about it. But he brought it
-up. I didn’t ask him.
-
-Q: He was just curious about what happened.
-
-A: Wanted to know whatever happened to it.
-
-Q: That’s about all I’ve got.
-
-                                 (END)
-
-
-             Transcript of Interview with Alice Knight[*]
-                    (Alleged secondhand witness to
-                             “crash site”
-                    175 miles northwest of Roswell)
-
-  [*] Excerpted from raw footage used to prepare the video,
-  _Recollections of Roswell Part II_, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO
-  Research, 1993).
-
-A: I remember that he saw—one time I went to visit—and I don’t remember
-whether it was before my husband and I married or after, I don’t recall
-the date. But he said that he saw a UFO fall. He was out working in the
-field and I understood that he was out on the St. Agustin Plains and he
-went over that way and it fell and he got nearly to the site and there
-was a group of people on a geological—archeological hunt and they were
-over there. I don’t remember how many people he said.
-
-But they got nearly up to the UFO but it was close enough that you
-could see some creatures. He said they didn’t look like human beings
-out there.
-
-And along came government cars and trucks...
-
-Q: Now, by government you mean...
-
-A: I guess it was government. You know, as I said it was a long time
-ago. And someone came along and I understood it, I don’t know whether
-it was army or what. I think he just termed it government trucks and
-they told him to go on back and forget they ever saw anything, and
-that’s all I recall.
-
-                                 (END)
-
-
-             Transcript of Interview with Vern Maltais[*]
-                    (Alleged secondhand witness to
-                             “crash site”
-                    175 miles northwest of Roswell)
-
-  [*] Excerpted from raw footage used to prepare the video.
-  _Recollections of Roswell Part II_, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO
-  Research, 1993).
-
-A: ...he [the eyewitness] had been coming back from one of his field
-trips, he’d run onto a flying saucer that had burst open and there
-were four beings on the ground and that he was surveying the site,
-archeological group from the University of Pennsylvania, telling us
-that there were about four or five people with this group.
-
-As they were just starting to look things over really closely, the
-military moved in and gave them a briefing not to say anything about it
-and keep quiet and it was in the national interest to get out of there.
-
-Q: What was his feeling about what it was that he had experienced?
-
-A: He had no qualms about what it was. He said it was a vehicle from
-outer space. There wasn’t any question. The beings on there were
-nothing like, not exactly like human beings....
-
-Q: How did you...
-
-A: ...similar but not exactly.
-
-Q: How did he describe them?
-
-A: He described them being about three and a half to four feet tall,
-very slim in stature, and with—their heads were hairless, with no
-eyebrows, no eyelashes, no hair. Sort of a pear-shaped head with the
-top of the head being smaller—larger, I mean.
-
-Q: Any other characteristics about their appearance?
-
-A: Only one thing that he mentioned. The hands were not covered, they
-had four fingers.
-
-                                 (END)
-
-
-                     Transcript of Interview with
-                           James Ragsdale[*]
-                     (Alleged firsthand witness to
-                    “crash site” north of Roswell)
-
-  [*] James Ragsdale, interview with Donald R. Schmitt, January 26,
-  1993.
-
-  RAGSDALE, JAMES   EYEWITNESS Transcript
-  26 JANUARY 1993
-
-DS: So you were actually out there.
-
-JR: Yeah.
-
-DS: Do you remember the name of the ranch it was on?”
-
-JR: It was on ... Fisher?
-
-DS: Was it north of here.
-
-JR: Yes ... back out here.
-
-DS: Northwest ... Just take your time.
-
-JR: It was Foster. (Some discussion with his wife about who owned the
-ranch) ... Let me see what you’ve got (referring to the photographs).
-That’s the place right there (identifying the location from the
-pictures).
-
-DS: What area?
-
-JR: It seemed to me that that place belonged to ... Fisher, but it sold
-to somebody else ... somebody else bought that... That’s how come I was
-out in that area. And we was out there and she’s dead and all the guys
-I showed the stuff are all dead. It’s amazing what all went on...
-
-Discuss our book and the Museum.
-
-DS: showing one of the pictures ... so you think this looks like
-
-JR: That looks like the place.
-
-DS: As far as the ranches go, driving around at that time, it could
-have been most any ranch, right? This would have been in '47 ... You
-were with this woman?
-
-JR: Yeah. We were camped out out there.
-
-DS: You were camping?
-
-JR: Yeah... I would say half of it ... I would say that only about
-half of it ... just half of a ... you really couldn’t tell what it
-was ... what you could still see, where it hit ... I think it was two
-spaceships flying together and one them came down and the other one
-picked up what they could and got out of there.
-
-DS: Is it possible that because it was hit by lightning that it broke
-up and part of it went down ... (discussion of the Mac Brazel sighting)
-
-JR: ... but it was either dummies or bodies or something laying there.
-They looked like bodies. They weren’t very long ... over four or five
-foot long at the most. We didn’t see their faces or nothing like that
-but we had just got to the site and heard the army, the sirens, all
-coming and we got into a damned jeep to take off. We had to hold a
-fence up to go onto another ranch to come out from there.
-
-DS: How far would you say this from town here?
-
-JR: Thirty miles ... forty miles.
-
-DS: In a northwesterly direction?
-
-JR: Right up here. (Discuss the pictures again.)
-
-DS: Were there any buildings?
-
-JR: No. You couldn’t see nothing. You go up on top of the hill. It was
-a hill ... (referring to the pictures) you could see the stuff right
-here.
-
-DS: The object ... the craft ... what was left of it ... in these
-photos ... where was the object?
-
-JR: Along this right here ... It looked to be about half of around (?)
-because around the edges ... I had two great big pieces. That’s what
-they got when they stole the car ... you could take that stuff and wad
-it up and it would straighten itself out. I never seen anything like
-it. Looked like something between a plastic ... looked like carbon
-paper...
-
-DS: That was the color of it?
-
-JR: Yeah. Carbons. That was the color of it. Sure was ... between
-plastic and ... hell I don’t know ... let’s see how to describe. One
-piece we had you could take it and put it in any form you wanted and it
-would stay there ... you could bend it in any form and it would stay
-... it wouldn’t straighten back out.
-
-DS: You picked those up from the ground?
-
-JR: Yeah.
-
-DS: You threw them in the jeep ... stuffed them in your clothes...?
-
-JR: Yeah and then we heard all of them coming...
-
-DS: How many vehicles ... how much commotion did you hear as they came
-in?
-
-JR: Oh my God it must have been ... it was two or three six by six
-army trucks, a wrecker and everything ... and leading the pack was a
-'47 Ford car with guys in it ... MPs and stuff in it ... we had the
-windshield down on the jeep and we stayed in the weeds and stuff ...
-and we came on back down to where we was camped at.
-
-DS: So you watched for a while?
-
-JR: Yeah. Sure did.
-
-DS: What was their...
-
-JR: They cleaned everything all up. I mean cleaned it. They raked the
-ground and everything. I mean they cleaned everything.
-
-DS: You didn’t stay there that long?
-
-JR: No, but they had a truck. I would say it was six or eight big
-trucks besides the pick up, weapons carriers and stuff like that.
-
-DS: What kind of guard did they have. Did they surround certain areas...
-
-JR: They had MPs all ... they got way out in the field. They had people
-all along this ridge ... they drove up in here. We was back over here.
-This grass here...
-
-DS: So if you were back here, could you see the activity down here?
-
-JR: You couldn’t see too much of what they ... you could tell ... As
-soon as they got there they began gathering the stuff up ... we were
-hidden in what you call buffalo grass...
-
-DS: Did you see any behavior around the bodies.
-
-JR: Huh-uh.
-
-DS: You couldn’t see down to that level?
-
-JR: Yeah.
-
-DS: Did you see any activity near the craft?
-
-JR: No.
-
-DS: The angle of the craft ... was it flat was tipped...
-
-JR: One part was kind of buried in the ground ... and part of it was
-sticking out of the ground ... about like that (DS: about a 30 degree
-angle?) Yeah ... and I’m sure that was bodies ... either bodies or
-dummies...
-
-DS: Why do you say “dummies?”
-
-JR: The federal government could have been doing something because they
-didn’t want anyone to know what this was ... they was using dummies in
-those damned things ... they could use remote control.
-
-DS: So you thought that it could have been an experimental craft?
-
-JR: After I came to town showed Frank Willis and his son (he’s dead)
-... the Blue Moon beer joint over on the old Dexter highway. We was
-there until two o’clock in the morning ... I had the jeep behind my car.
-
-DS: Did you still have the scrap in the jeep?
-
-JR: Yeah. I showed it to him. He said I would just keep my mouth shut
-... he said hell there is no telling where that come from.
-
-DS: So you didn’t think it was from outer space?
-
-JR: No. We didn’t even think about outer space back then...
-
-DS: When was the first time that you thought that maybe this was
-something more?
-
-JR: It was about three weeks ... it came out that a spaceship had
-crashed at Roswell ... about three weeks. But it could have been out
-longer than that there but see I worked in Carlsbad...
-
-DS: But you first saw there had been a newspaper article about three
-weeks after...
-
-JR: Oh hell it was two or three weeks before I caught up on it ... a
-spaceship ... what I hear is they guarded that place for a long time
-out there ... because me and another fellow went out there and you
-couldn’t get ... they had the roads sealed off ... it was a month or so
-after...
-
-DS: And they still had it cordoned off.
-
-JR: The MPs and stuff were still on the road. They wouldn’t let nobody
-go out there...
-
-DS: If a person were to drive out there today ... going north out of
-town ... are we talking 285?
-
-JR: No. Highway 48. You go out 48. You go out here to the truck route,
-hit 48 and ... and it’s about forty some miles out in there ... (And no
-talks about the car being stolen in 1951 when the car with the debris
-was stolen...) ...I would say 18 inches and 30 inches long ... strips
-off the edge of it ... it was a heavy material but it didn’t have no
-ridges ... it was put together with some kind of solder like stuff ...
-no bumps, no nothing in it ... it wasn’t ... it was about as heavy as
-duraluminum ... it wasn’t as brittle ... you could take a small piece
-and it was flexible ... (then discuss the stealing of the car with a
-wrecker and the material was locked in the trunk of the car. And then
-discuss the break in of the house where the last of the pieces were
-stolen about eight years ago ... 1985).
-
-DS: Was there a storm that night?”
-
-JR: Yeah. There sure was. It was a whale of a storm.
-
-DS: Did you hear anything unusual? Did you hear ... between the cracks
-of thunder...
-
-JR: Well, it lit up the sky when it came down. It lit up the damned ...
-we thought at first that it was falling star or something. And electric
-lightning ... man it was something.
-
-DS: You heard something and you saw something...
-
-JR: Yeah, sure did ... because we were laying there in the back of the
-pick up ... the whole sky lit up ... we thought it was a star falling.
-
-DS: Did you then go to check it out...
-
-JR: Sure did. The next day, sure did. We drove right up on it. She
-picked up a piece of it and we had the jeep parked a little ways away
-from there and throwed a piece of it up there somewhere and I have
-tried and tried to find where she had throwed that piece ... she had a
-piece but when she saw the army coming she throwed it out ... she saw
-them a coming and she throwed it out ... I doubt that I could even go
-back to the place it’s been so long. (Now begin to talk about the car
-wreck that nearly killed him.)
-
-Remainder of the tape is discussion about the car wreck, the ranchers
-in the area, and the murder of Mrs. Ragsdale’s brother.
-
-                                 (END)
-
-
-
-
-              Selected Bibliography of Technical Reports
-
-
-The technical reports listed below are available for sale by contacting:
-    National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
-    5285 Port Royal Rd
-    Springfield, VA 22161
-    (703) 487-4650
-    http://www.orders@ntis.fedworld.gov
-
-         Publication                                  NTIS Report Number
-
-  Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories.
-    “Report on Research, for the Period July
-    1965-June 1967”, AFCRL TR-68-0039, 1968.               AD 666484
-
-  Air Force Missile Development Center.
-    _MAN HIGH III_, MDC-TR-60-16, 1960.                    AD 259635
-
-  ——. _MAN-HIGH I_, MDC-TR-59-24, 1959.                    ADA 215867
-
-  Air Research and Development Command.
-    _History of Flight Support Holloman Air
-    Development Center, 1946–1957_, 1957.                  ADA 323526
-
-  Bartol, Aileen M., et al.. _Advanced Dynamic
-    Anthropomorphic Manikin (ADAM) Final
-    Design Report_, AAMRL TR-90-023, 1990.                 AD 234761
-
-  Bushnell, David. _Contributions of Balloon
-    Operations to Research and Development
-    at the Air Force Missile Development Center
-    Holloman AFB, N. Mex. 1947–1958_, 1958.                ADA 323109
-
-  ——. _History of Research in Space Biology
-    and Biodynamics at the Air Force Missile
-    Development Center, Holloman AFB,
-    New Mexico, 1946–1958_, 1958.                          ADA 323170
-
-  ——. _History of Research in Subgravity and
-    Zero-G at the Air Force Missile Development
-    Center, Holloman AFB, New Mexico,
-    1948–1958_, 1958.                                      ADA 323144
-
-  ——. _Major Achievements in Biodynamics:
-    Escape Physiology at the Air Force Missile
-    Development Center, Holloman AFB,
-    New Mexico, 1953–1958_, 1958.                          ADA 323127
-
-  ——. _Origin and Operation of the First
-    Holloman Track, 1949–1956_, 1956.                      ADA 323573
-
-  ——. _Research Accomplishments in Biodynamics:
-    Deceleration and Impact at the Air Force
-    Missile Development Center, Holloman AFB,
-    New Mexico, 1955–1958_, 1958.                          ADA 323097
-
-  ——. _The Aeromedical Field Laboratory: Mission,
-    Organization, and Track Test Programs,
-    1958–1960_, 1960.                                      ADA 323166
-
-  ——. _The Beginnings of Research in Space Biology
-    at the Air Force Missile Development Center,
-    Holloman AFB, New Mexico, 1946–1952_, 1958.            ADA 323167
-
-  Cobb, D. B. and Waters, M.H.L. Royal Aircraft
-    Establishment Farnborough. _The Behavior
-    of Dummy Men During Long Free Falls_,
-    Mechanical Engineering Note 179, 1954.                 AD 060052
-
-  Firestone, James R. and Patterson, Jack H.
-    _Recovery of Parachute-Borne Packages
-    by Helicopter_, TDR 62-6, 1962.                        AD 276477
-
-  Flight Summary, Non-Extensible Balloon
-    Operations, 6580th Test Squadron (Special),
-    June 1950 to October 1954.                             ADA 323108
-
-  Gildenberg, Bernard G. “General Philosophy and
-    Techniques of Balloon Control”, in Lewis A.
-    Grass, ed., _Proceedings, Sixth AFCRL Scientific
-    Balloon Symposium_, AFCRL-70-0543, 1970.               AD 717149
-
-  ——. _Capacity and Fatigue Tests on Three Mil
-    Polyethylene Balloons_, HADC TN-55-4, 1955.            AD 066092
-
-  ——. _Crane Launch Techniques for Polyethylene
-    Balloons_, HADC TN 57-3, 1957.                         AD 123732
-
-  ——. _Development of Shroud Inflation Techniques
-    for Plastic Balloons_, HADC TN-54-4, 1954.             AD 039440
-
-  ——. _Investigation of Inflation Techniques for
-    Nonextensible Balloons_, HADC TN 54-7, 1954.           AD 067595
-
-  ——. _Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level
-    Balloon Operations in the Southwestern
-    United States_, AFCRL-66-706, 1966.                    AD 644895
-
-  ——. _Summary Report Project Moby Dick: Covered
-    Wagon Balloon Launcher Development and Test
-    Results_, HDT-21, 1952.                                AD 001124
-
-  ——. _Techniques Developed for Heavy Load
-    Non-Extensible Balloon Flights_, Report No.
-    HADC-TN-54-3, 1954.                                    ADA 030902
-
-  Greer, R.J., et al. _Development of a Balloon-Borne
-    Manned Vehicle_, WADC TR-59-226, 1959.                 AD 227244
-
-  Hertzberg, H.T.E. _The Anthropology of
-    Anthropomorphic Dummies_,
-    AMRL TR-69-61, 1969.                                   AD 706411
-
-  Hess, Joseph. _Determination of Parachute Descent
-    Times and Impact Locations for High Altitude
-    Balloon Payloads_, AFCRL 63-885, 1963.                 AD 421021
-
-  Holloman Air Development Center, Weekly Test
-    Status Reports, Project MX-1450B/7218
-    (HIGH DIVE), June 1954 to January 1956.                ADA 323823
-
-  Madson, Raymond A., 1st Lt. _High Altitude Balloon
-    Dummy Drops, II. The Stabilized Dummy
-    Drops_, WADC TR 57-477 (II), 1961.                     AD 270880
-
-  ——. _High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops,
-    Part I. The Unstabilized Dummy Drops_,
-    WADC TR 57-477, 1957.                                  AD 130965
-
-  Mazza, Vincent and Wheeler, R.V. _High Altitude
-    Bailouts_, MCREXD-695-66M, 1950.                       ADA 323449
-
-  Nolan, George F. _Balloon Ascent Trajectory
-    Dispersion Over the United States at 60,000
-    and 100,000 ft_, AFCRL-66-98, 1966.                    AD 631502
-
-  Redmond, Kent C. _Integration of the Holloman-White
-    Sands Ranges, 1947–1952_, 1957.                        ADA 323574
-
-  Ruffner, Kevin C. (ed). _Corona: America’s First
-    Satellite Program_, 1995.                              PB 95928007
-
-  Simons, David G., Lt. Col., (MC) _Stratosphere
-    Balloon Techniques for Exposing Living
-    Specimens to Primary Cosmic Ray Particles_,
-    MDC TR 54-16, 1954.                                    AD 075812
-
-  ——. MAN HIGH II, MDC TR 59-28, 1959.                     ADA 230805
-
-  Stapp, John P., Maj., (MC) _Human Tolerance to Linear
-    Deceleration, Part I. Preliminary Survey of
-    the Aft Facing Seated Position_, Air Force
-    Technical Report 5915, 1949.                           PB 100871[*]
-
-  ——. _Part II. The Aft Facing Position and the
-    Development of a Crash Harness_, Air Force
-    Technical Report 5915, 1951.                           PB 106572[*]
-
-  [*] Available from:
-      Library of Congress
-      Photoduplicating Service
-      Washington, D.C. 20540
-      (202) 707-5640
-
-
-
-
-                                 Index
-
-
-  A
-
-  accelerometers, 21, 30
-
-  Aero Medical Laboratory, USAF 20–21, 23, 32, 104–105, 107, 117, 121
-
-  Aeromedical Field Laboratory, USAF 32
-
-  AFM-143-1, _Mortuary Affairs_, 99
-
-  agents, federal, 50
-
-  agents, government, 78
-
-  Air Force, 1–3, 5, 8–10, 13, 21, 26, 28, 31, 35, 37–38, 41–42, 44,
-    46, 48, 51–53, 55, 57, 61–62, 68, 75–76, 79, 86, 89–91, 95–101,
-    103, 105, 109, 111–113, 116–117, 121, 123, 125.
-    _See also_ U.S. Air Force
-
-  Air Force Letter 35-3, 86
-
-  Air Force, Secretary of the 1–2, 13
-
-  Air Materiel Command (AMC), 19–20
-
-  air samples, 42
-
-  aircraft
-    A-26, 112
-    B-25, 96
-    B-26, 112
-    B-29, 93–94
-    B-47, 93–94
-    B-52, 115
-    C-131, 105, 120
-    C-47, 30, 64, 93–94
-    F-4, 112, 121
-    F-51, 96
-    KB-29, 93–94
-    KC-97, 3, 93–97
-    KC-135, 93–94
-    L-20, 30, 64, 124
-    T-33, 93–94
-    X-15, 32
-
-  airman, 76, 86
-
-  Alamogordo Army Airfield, N.M., 37
-
-  Alamogordo, N.M., 32
-
-  Alaska, 47
-
-  Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc., 21, 34, 59–61
-
-  alien(s), 1–3, 5, 11–12, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25, 28–29, 33, 36–39, 46–47,
-    55, 61, 75, 78, 96, 109, 113, 118, 123, 125
-
-  ambulance, 76–78, 99, 105, 109, 113–116
-
-  Anderson, Gerald, 14, 60–61, 67.
-    _See also_ interview in Appendix C
-
-  Antarctica, 47
-
-  APO (Air Post Office), 82
-
-  APOLLO, 32, 59
-
-  Arizona, 47
-
-  Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), 99
-
-  arms, 62, 97
-
-  Army Air Forces, 1, 13, 76, 81, 90, 96, 113.
-    _See also_ U.S. Army Air Forces
-
-  Army Nurse Corps (ANC), 81
-
-  Artesia, N.M., 67
-
-  Ashland, Wisc., 105
-
-  Atlantic Ocean, 112
-
-  autopsies, preliminary, 77, 91, 98
-
-  autopsy, alien, 1
-
-  autopsy protocol, 96–97, 99
-
-  autopsy; ies; ied, 1, 12, 77–78, 94–95, 97, 99
-
-  _Aztec_ (N.M.) _Independent Review_, 84
-
-  Aztec, N.M., 83–85
-
-
-  B
-
-  Ball, Guy, 19
-
-  Ballard Funeral Home, 76, 97
-
-  ballast, 57
-
-  Balloon Branch, 30, 37, 43–51, 57–58, 61, 65, 102–103, 105–107, 110,
-    113–115, 124
-
-  balloon control package, 57, 64
-
-  balloon controllers, 47, 57
-
-  balloon drops, 28
-
-  balloon failure, 58
-
-  balloon, high altitude, 3, 9, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25, 28, 32, 36–38, 43,
-    45–49, 52–53, 55, 57–58, 61, 64, 66–67, 91, 96, 100–104, 109, 117, 125, 157
-
-  balloon, polyethylene, 40–42, 58, 66, 106–107, 114–115
-
-  balloon, tethered, 45–46
-
-  balloon train, 5–6, 11–13
-
-  balloon, “Vee”, 47
-
-  balloon, weather, 5, 40
-
-  balsa wood, 6
-
-  bandages, 62, 64
-
-  Barnett, Grady L. “Barney”, 58, 67
-
-  base histories, 94
-
-  Baylor University, 31
-
-  Bean, Alan, 120
-
-  _Behind the Flying Saucers_, 84
-
-  Berliner, Don 8, 60
-
-  Biodynamics of Space Flight, 102.
-    _See_ MAN HIGH
-
-  “black sergeant”, 86
-
-  Blankenship, Robert, 49
-
-  Blauw, Alfred S., M.D., 99
-
-  blimp, 60–61, 64, 67
-
-  body bags, 35–36, 91, 96
-
-  Bravest Man, The. _See_ Stapp, John P., Col. (MC), USAF (Ret)
-
-  Britain, 41
-
-  Brooke General Hospital, Ft. Sam Houston, Tex., 83
-
-  Buck Rogers, 111
-
-  Bush, George H. W., President, 32
-
-
-  C
-
-  Cahn, J. P., 85
-
-  Cambridge, England, 83
-
-  camera(s), 30–31
-
-  canoe, 76, 78, 91, 113, 115
-
-  cargo trailer, 1½-ton, 65
-
-  Carlsbad, N.M., 67
-
-  Carswell AFB, Tex., 81
-
-  caskets, 35, 76
-
-  Chavez, Dennis, Sen. (N.M.), 87
-
-  Cheney Award, 31–32
-
-  _Close Encounters of the Third Kind_, 118
-
-  Clouthier, Charles E., 83.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-  cold soaking, 64
-
-  _Collier’s_, 26–27
-
-  Coltman, Charles A., Jr., Col. (MC), USAF (Ret). _See_ Signed sworn
-    statement in Appendix B
-
-  commissary, 95, 98
-
-  community relations, 58
-
-  con-men, 85
-
-  _Contributions of Balloon Operations to Research and Development at
-    the Air Force Missile Development Center, Holloman AFB, N.Mex., 1947–1958_, 41
-
-  cooperating witnesses, 6
-
-  CORONA, 43
-
-  cosmic ray particles, 42
-
-  cover-up, 8–9, 26, 83, 110, 123, 125
-
-  _Crash at Corona_, 8
-
-
-  D
-
-  debris, 1, 6, 57
-
-  debris field, 11–12
-
-  Dennis, W. Glenn, 75–78, 81–86, 88–90, 96–97, 99, 110, 114, 197
-
-  Denver, Colo., 44
-
-  Department of Defense, 46
-
-  DISCOVERER XI, 43
-
-  DISCOVERER XII, 43
-
-  DISCOVERER XIII, 43–44
-
-  dispensary, 114–116
-
-  doctor(s), 76–78, 91, 96, 98–99, 110
-
-  dog food, 77
-
-  doll(s), 16, 61
-
-  dolls, plastic, 14, 60–61
-
-  “Dr. Gee”, 85
-
-  drones, remotely-piloted, 15
-
-  drug smuggling, 50
-
-  drug store supervisor, 97
-
-  dummies, anthropomorphic, 3, 9, 14, 16–17, 19–21, 23–26, 28, 32,
-    34–36, 38–39, 41, 47, 55–62, 64–65, 67–68, 91, 101, 103, 109, 112,
-    123, 156
-
-  dummies, crash test, 17
-
-  dummies, parachute drop, 19–20
-
-  dummy drop, 23, 28, 35, 57, 157
-
-  “Dummy Joe”, 19
-
-
-  E
-
-  ear, 61
-
-  Earth, 5, 41, 44, 46, 102
-
-  Edwards AFB, Calif., 21, 31
-
-  Eisenhower, Dwight D., President, 112
-
-  ejection, 32
-
-  ejection seat, 20, 21
-
-  El Centro, Calif., 120
-
-  El Paso, Texas, 106
-
-  Elder Statesman of Aviation, 112
-
-  England, 82
-
-  entry vehicles, atmospheric, 42
-
-  escape pods, 78, 113
-
-  EXCELSIOR, 23, 25–26, 32, 38, 55–56, 59, 67–68, 101–105, 107,
-    109–110, 112, 124
-
-  Executive Order 11652, 1
-
-  eyes, 77
-
-
-  F
-
-  Fanton, Eileen M., 1st Lt., USAF, 82–83, 91
-
-  Farmington Drug, 83
-
-  Farmington, N.M., 78, 83–84, 90
-
-  Ferrell, Lee F., Col., USAF, 87, 91, 98
-
-  finger(s), 15, 33, 55, 59–61, 97
-
-  flight surgeon, 31, 107, 116
-
-  flightsuit, 28–29, 63
-
-  flying disc, 5–6, 78.
-    _See also_ flying saucer
-
-  flying saucer, 1–3, 5, 29, 36–37, 41, 44, 47, 56, 58–59, 64, 67, 78,
-    85, 96, 123, 125
-
-  flying saucer wave [of 1947], 5
-
-  Foster Ranch, 11
-
-  Four Corners [region], 83
-
-  Franklin, Ky., 96
-
-  Frederick, S.D., 102
-
-  Friedman, Stanton T., 8, 60, 76
-
-  Ft. George Wright, Wash., 88
-
-  Ft. Worth AAF, Tex., 81
-
-  Fulgham, Dan D., Col., USAF (Ret), 106–107, 116, 121.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-  Fund for UFO Research, The, 58, 60, 186, 213, 215
-
-  funeral home, 77, 95, 97.
-    _See also_ Ballard Funeral Home
-
-
-  G
-
-  GALILEO, 44
-
-  gamma rays, 46
-
-  GAO, 1.
-    _See also_ General Accounting Office
-
-  gauges, strain, 21
-
-  GEMINI, 32
-
-  General Accounting Office (GAO), 1, 125
-
-  _General Philosophy and Techniques of Balloon Control_, 48
-
-  generator, MB-19, 65
-
-  Gila Mountains, 124
-
-  Gildenberg, Bernard D. “Duke”, 8–9, 48, 102.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-  glass, broken, 76, 114
-
-  Goddard, Joyce, Capt., USAF, 88–89
-
-  Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Championship, 112
-
-  gowns, surgical, 99
-
-  gurneys, hospital, 35
-
-  gyros, rate, 21
-
-
-  H
-
-  hands, 15, 33, 59–60, 97
-
-  Harmon Trophy, 112
-
-  Hawaii, 43
-
-  head(s), 15, 59, 61, 77, 97, 100, 107, 118–120
-
-  helicopter, 107, 110, 116–117
-
-  helmet, 107
-
-  helmets, pith, 60, 63
-
-  hematoma, 119
-
-  Hepburn, Audrey, 82
-
-  hieroglyphics, 113–114
-
-  Higgins, J.J., 19
-
-  HIGH DIVE, 23, 26, 29–30, 34, 38, 55–56, 59, 63, 67–68, 103
-
-  high-speed track, 17, 21, 38
-
-  hoax, 96, 123
-
-  Hodiak, John, 38
-
-  Holloman AFB, N.M., 8–10, 16–17, 26–27, 30–32, 35, 37–38, 41, 43–44,
-    46–47, 49, 52–53, 59, 63–65, 102–103, 105–107, 111, 113–114, 118–120, 124
-
-  Hollywood, 38
-
-  horseback, 30
-
-  human remains pouches, 96.
-    _See also_ body bags
-
-  Hynek, J. Allan, 117–118
-
-
-  I
-
-  identification specialist, 95, 98–99
-
-  instrumentation kit, 30
-
-  insulation bags, 35–36
-
-  intimidation, 61
-
-  irregular [research] methods, 8
-
-
-  J
-
-  Jagger, Dean, 38–39
-
-  jeep, 15, 56, 65
-
-  Johns Hopkins University, The, 53
-
-  Jorgeson, Ole, A2C, USAF, 107, 113–114.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-  Jornada Test Range, 67
-
-  Jupiter, 44
-
-
-  K
-
-  Kaufman, William C., Capt., USAF, 105–107, 116, 119.
-    _See also_ statement in Appendix B
-
-  Kelso, Wash., 96
-
-  Kentucky Air National Guard, 96
-
-  Kittinger, Joseph W., Jr., Capt., USAF, 25–26, 48, 101–107, 109–112,
-    117–120, 124.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-  Knight, Alice, 15, 58, 67, 213.
-    _See also_ interview in Appendix C
-
-  Korea, 88, 121
-
-  Kovatch-Scott, Ethel, Col., USAF (Ret), 89
-
-
-  L
-
-  Las Vegas AFB, Nev., 111
-
-  legal claims, 58
-
-  _Life_ magazine, 26–27
-
-  lights, strobe, 41
-
-  “little men”, 84–85
-
-  livestock, 58
-
-  London, England, 41, 78, 82
-
-  _Long, Lonely Leap, The_, 26, 110
-
-  Lordsburg, N.M., 104
-
-  Lovell, Jim, 120
-
-  Luftwaffe, 20
-
-  Lutz, Roland H. “Hap”, SSgt., USAF, 117.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-
-  M
-
-  M-342 5-ton wrecker, 29, 58.
-    _See also_ wrecker
-
-  M-35 2½-ton cargo truck, 30, 58.
-    _See also_ six by six
-
-  M-37 ¾-ton utility truck, 30, 58, 65, 113.
-    _See also_ weapons carrier
-
-  M-43 ¾-ton ambulance, 65, 113.
-    _See also_ ambulance
-
-  _MAD_ [magazine], 26
-
-  Madison, Guy, 38–39
-
-  Madson, Raymond A., 1st Lt., USAF, 29–30, 63.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-  Maltais, Vern, 15, 58–59, 67, 214.
-    _See also_ interview in Appendix C
-
-  MAN HIGH, 26, 32, 48, 101–104, 110–112
-
-  MAN IN SPACE SOONEST (MISS), 103
-
-  Marcel, Jesse, Maj., USAF, 6
-
-  Mars, 44
-
-  Martin Marietta Corporation, 44
-
-  masks, surgical, 99
-
-  Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 103
-
-  McClure, Clifton. 1st Lt., USAF, 102, 104
-
-  McCook Field, Ohio, 19
-
-  MERCURY, 32, 103–104
-
-  “MERCURY Seven”, 32
-
-  meteorological data, 42
-
-  Mexico, 96
-
-  MiG-21, 112
-
-  Military Police, 76
-
-  Milner, Martin, 38
-
-  Minnesota, University of, 31
-
-  missile, ballistic, 5
-
-  missile, intercontinental ballistic (ICBM), Atlas F, 17
-
-  missiles, 5, 13, 16
-
-  missing nurse, 78, 81–83, 87–90, 96–98, 121.
-    _See also_ Fanton, Eileen M., 1st Lt., USAF
-
-  Mitchell, Cameron, 39
-
-  ML-307B/AP. _See_ radar targets
-
-  MOGUL, 1–2, 5–6, 9, 11–13, 40, 42, 78
-
-  monkeys, 16
-
-  Moon, 44
-
-  Moore, Charles B., 8–9, 40
-
-  morgue, 97
-
-  morning reports, 81, 88, 89
-
-  mortician, 76, 98–99
-
-  mortuary, 76
-
-  MPs, 77, 116.
-    _See also_ Military Police
-
-  Muroc AAF, Calif., 21, 31.
-    _See also_ Edwards AFB, Calif.
-
-  museum, 3, 75
-
-  mystery witness, 75
-
-
-  N
-
-  NASA, 37, 41, 44–46, 59, 103, 111, 120
-
-  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 19
-
-  National Aeronautics Association, 112
-
-  National Archives and Record Administration, 81
-
-  National Aviation Hall of Fame, 32
-
-  _National Geographic_, 26
-
-  National Medal of Technology, 32
-
-  National Personnel Records Center (NPRC), 81
-
-  NATO, 111
-
-  NCO [Non-Commissioned Officer], 86
-
-  Nenninger, Richard L., Maj., USAF, 124
-
-  New Brighton, Minn., 102
-
-  New Mexico, 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 14–15, 17, 19, 23, 30, 34, 36–37, 41–42,
-    46–48, 55, 58, 60, 64, 67, 84, 91, 95, 109
-
-  New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 9
-
-  New York, N.Y., 21, 82
-
-  New York University, 9, 40
-
-  newspaper accounts, 41, 94
-
-  newspaper announcements, 8
-
-  newspapers, 31
-
-  Newton, Silas M., 85
-
-  Nixon, Richard M., President, 1
-
-  nondisclosure agreements, 13
-
-  Nordstrom, Frank B., Capt. (MC), USAF, 83, 89.
-    _See also_ Signed sworn statement in Appendix B
-
-  nosecone, 43
-
-  nuclear accidents, 13
-
-  nuclear weapon, 5
-
-
-  O
-
-  oscillograph, 30
-
-  odor, 77, 91, 95–97
-
-  officers’ club, 77.
-    _See also_ Roswell AAF Officers’ Club
-
-  oil field worker, 97.
-    _See also_ Dennis, W. Glenn
-
-  _Omni_ magazine, 83
-
-  _On the Threshold of Space_, 26, 38–39, 63
-
-  Orlando, Fla., 112
-
-  “Oscar Eightball”, 21
-
-
-  P
-
-  Panama, 47
-
-  paper, 5, 8
-
-  paper, aluminized, 6
-
-  parachute, 19, 23, 25–26, 28, 31, 49, 57, 62, 64, 103, 124
-
-  pathologist, 95, 98–99
-
-  pay load, 17, 40–44, 46–48, 53, 57, 61, 64, 66–67, 91
-
-  Pease AFB, N.H., 115
-
-  pediatrician, 76, 78, 81, 83–84, 86, 89–91, 99, 121
-
-  pharmacist, 83
-
-  phone directories, 97
-
-  PIONEER, 44
-
-  police, 49
-
-  polyethylene, 40.
-    _See also_ balloon, polyethylene
-
-  polygraph examination, 60
-
-  _Popular Mechanics Magazine_, 26–27
-
-  POW, 112.
-    _See also_ Prisoner of War
-
-  _Pre-Astronauts, The_, 110
-
-  predatory animals, 97
-
-  preparation room, 97
-
-  Prisoner of War, 110
-
-  Project 119L, 42
-
-  Project BLUEBOOK, 117
-
-  Project GEMINI, 120
-
-  Project MERCURY, 111
-
-  Project MOGUL. See MOGUL
-
-  property damage, 58, 66
-
-
-  R
-
-  radar, 6, 41
-
-  radar guided missiles, 42
-
-  radar targets, 6
-
-  radio stations, 31
-
-  Ragsdale, James, 14, 56, 67, 214.
-    _See also_ interview in Appendix C
-
-  ramp, 114, 120
-
-  rancher, 5, 37
-
-  Ray, Hilary, 120
-
-  _Recollections of Roswell, Part II_, 58, 60, 186, 213, 215
-
-  reconnaissance, photographic, 42
-
-  redheaded captain, 60, 77, 91, 100, 109–110, 117
-
-  redheaded colonel, 77, 87, 91, 96, 98
-
-  redheaded officer, 77–78, 86
-
-  remote control, 56–57
-
-  research methodology, 11
-
-  reward, 66
-
-  rocket sled, 32, 39
-
-  Rosie O’Grady’s Flying Circus, 112
-
-  Roswell AAF, 6, 12, 15, 37, 45, 75–78, 81–83, 88–91, 116, 121, 197
-
-  Roswell AAF hospital, 12–13, 75–78, 81–83, 86–90, 97, 109
-
-  Roswell AAF Officers’ Club, 81, 87
-
-  Roswell Army Air Field, 3, 5, 12–13, 45, 68.
-    _See also_ Roswell AAF
-
-  _Roswell Daily Record_, 8
-
-  Roswell Incident, 1, 3, 5–6, 9, 11–12, 16–17, 21, 37–38, 42, 44–45,
-    60, 75, 78, 84–85, 88, 90, 116, 118, 121, 125
-
-  Roswell Industrial Air Center, 37, 44
-
-  Roswell, N.M., 1, 3, 5–6, 8–13, 15, 23, 30, 33–34, 36–37, 44, 47, 49,
-    51, 56, 58, 61, 65, 67–68, 76, 78, 83, 95, 97–102, 106, 109, 113,
-    187, 215
-
-  _Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert_, 2
-
-  rubber, 5, 8
-
-  Ruidoso, N.M., 124
-
-
-  S
-
-  SAC. _See_ Strategic Air Command
-
-  Sacramento Mountains, 106, 124
-
-  safety belts, 19, 32
-
-  San Agustin Mountains, 67
-
-  San Agustin Pass, 67
-
-  San Agustin Peak, 67
-
-  San Agustin Plains, 11–12, 58, 67, 109
-
-  _San Francisco Chronicle_, 85
-
-  satellite, 41–44
-
-  saucer, 30.
-   _See also_ flying saucer
-
-  Schiff, Steven, Rep. (N.M.), 1
-
-  Schmitt, Donald, 56, 214
-
-  Schock, Grover, Capt., USAF, 105
-
-  Schwaderer, George, 98
-
-  Schwartz, Eugene M., 1st Lt., USAF, 29
-
-  scientists, civilian contract, 13
-
-  Scully, Frank, 84–85
-
-  Selff, Naomi Maria, 81, 88, 90
-
-  sensors, 1
-
-  sensors, acoustical, 5
-
-  sheriff, 5, 49–50
-
-  Sierra Engineering Company, 21, 60
-
-  Sierra Madre, Calif., 21
-
-  “Sierra Sam”, 21, 29
-
-  _Sightings_, 96
-
-  Silver City, N.M., 50
-
-  Simons, David G., Lt. Col. (MC), USAF (Ret), 26, 48, 101–102, 104
-
-  six-by-six, 15, 30, 55–56, 58, 65.
-    _See also_ M-35 2½ ton cargo truck
-
-  Slattery, Lucille C., Capt., USAF, 88–89
-
-  Smithsonian Institution, 103
-
-  Society of Automotive Engineers, 32
-
-  _Socorro_ (N.M.) _Defensor Chieftain_, 6, 9
-
-  Socorro, N.M., 8
-
-  Sonic Wind Nᵒ 1, 31
-
-  Southeast Asia, 110, 112
-
-  Soviet, 5
-
-  Soviet Union, 43
-
-  space, 42–44, 46, 102–104, 121
-
-  Space and Missile Command, Test and Evaluation Unit, 46
-
-  space probe, 37, 42, 44
-    GALILEO, 44
-    PIONEER, 44
-    SURVEYOR, 44
-    VIKING, 37, 44
-    VOYAGER-MARS, 45
-
-  spacecraft, 44, 47
-
-  spaceship, 6, 12, 38, 46, 67
-
-  SPUTNIK I, 43
-
-  St. Catherine’s Academy, Springfield, Ky., 82
-
-  St. Mary Elizabeth’s Hospital, Louisville, Ky., 82
-
-  Stack, Robert, 38
-
-  Stafford, Ariz., 124
-
-  Stapp Car Crash Conferences, 32
-
-  Stapp, John P., Col. (MC), USAF (Ret), 20–21, 31–32, 38–39, 104–105,
-    107, 109, 111–112, 117, 120
-
-  star witness, 75
-
-  STARGAZER, 49, 101–105, 109–110, 112, 117–118
-
-  statement, signed sworn, 56, 84
-
-  sticks, 5, 8
-
-  Strategic Air Command (SAC), 94, 115–116
-
-  stretcher, military, 35
-
-  sunglasses, 96
-
-  SURVEYOR, 44
-
-  symbols, 76
-
-
-  T
-
-  tanker, 95
-
-  tape, 5, 8, 62
-
-  tape, red [duct-type], 29, 62
-
-  targets, missile, 42
-
-  Ted Smith Company, 20–21
-
-  Texas, University of, 31
-
-  Texas, West, 47
-
-  threats, 61
-
-  _Time_, 26–27, 32
-
-  tinfoil, 5, 8
-
-  transducers, 21
-
-  transducers, pressure, 30
-
-  transmitters, radio, 41
-
-  transponders, 41
-
-  truck, pickup, 56, 58
-
-  _True_ magazine, 84–85
-
-  Tularosa Valley [N.M.], 23
-
-  Twentieth Century Fox, 26, 38
-
-
-  U
-
-  U.S. Air Force, 1, 3, 14, 17, 19, 23, 37, 41, 43, 45–49, 55, 64, 67,
-    76, 82, 85–86, 90, 102–105, 111, 123, 125
-
-  U.S. Army, 53, 86, 112
-
-  U.S. Army Air Forces, 1, 5, 8–9, 12, 20, 31, 40, 75–76, 86, 120, 123
-
-  U.S. Army Special Forces, 112
-
-  U.S. Government, 1, 14, 42, 67
-
-  U.S. Government Printing Office, 2
-
-  U.S. Navy, 43, 103–104
-
-  U.S. Navy Aerospace Recovery Facility, 120
-
-  Ubon Air Base, Thailand, 121
-
-  Udorn Air Base, Thailand, 112
-
-  UFO, 2, 5, 9, 12, 37, 41, 44, 47–48, 58–59, 96, 117–118
-    _UFO Crash at Roswell, The Truth About the_, 46–47
-    UFO enthusiasts, 60
-    UFO Museum and Research Center, The International, 3, 75
-    UFO organizations, 60
-    UFO proponents, 123
-    UFO researchers, 81
-    UFO theorists, 10, 47–48, 60, 67, 75, 78, 82–83, 85, 96, 113–116,
-    120, 123
-
-  unidentified flying object, 41
-
-  Units
-    1st Air Commando Wing, 111
-    6th Bombardment Wing, 94, 115–116
-    47th Air Division, 115
-    427th Army Air Forces Base Unit, 81
-      Squadron “M”, 81
-    509th Aerial Refueling Squadron, 94
-    509th Bombardment Wing, 94, 115–116
-    555th Tactical Fighter Squadron (“Triple Nickel”), 112, 121
-    579th Strategic Missile Squadron, 17
-    4036th USAF hospital, 95
-    7510th USAF Hospital, 82
-
-  unrecorded interviews, 8
-
-  _Unsolved Mysteries_, 38, 60
-
-  Upper Darby, Pa., 20
-
-  USS Haiti Victory, 43
-
-
-  V
-
-  Vandenberg AFB, Calif., 43
-
-  _Variety_, 84
-
-  Venus, 44
-
-  Vietnam, Hanoi, 112
-
-  Vietnam, North, 112
-
-  Vietnam, Republic of, 111, 121
-
-  Vietnamese, North, 110
-
-  VIKING, 37, 45
-
-  “Vince and Larry”, 19
-
-  VOYAGER-MARS, 44
-
-
-  W
-
-  Walker AFB, N.M., 15, 17, 45, 83, 86–89, 91, 93–95, 97–102, 107,
-    109–110, 113–117, 120–121
-
-  Walker, Chalma, 89
-
-  Walt Disney World, 112
-
-  Walter, John. SSgt., USAF, 98
-
-  Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 99
-
-  Wasem, Martha, 89
-
-  Washington, D.C., 99
-
-  weapons carrier, 15, 30, 55–56, 58, 65, 113–114.
-    _See also_ M-37 ¾-ton utility truck
-
-  weather equipment, 5
-
-  Whenry, Jack, 1st Lt., USAF, 98
-
-  White House, The, 32
-
-  White Sands Missile Range, N.M., 16, 42–43, 45, 67.
-    _See also_ White Sands Proving Ground, N.M.
-
-  White Sands National Monument, N.M., 29
-
-  White Sands Proving Ground, N.M., 23, 25, 42, 106, 124
-
-  White, William C., 103–104
-
-  Wickenburg, Ariz., 50
-
-  Williams, Carol, 89
-
-  Wilson, Capt., 77–78, 87, 89
-
-  Wilson, Idabelle M., Maj., USAF (Ret), 90
-
-  Wilson, “Slatts”, 77–78, 87–91
-
-  Wimpole Park, Cambridge, England, 83
-
-  Winzen, Otto C., 101, 105
-
-  Winzen Research International, 102
-
-  World War I, 19
-
-  World War II, 19–20
-
-  wreckage, 76–77, 91, 99, 109, 113–114
-
-  wreckage, bluish-purplish, 76, 78, 91, 113, 115
-
-  wrecker, 15, 29–30, 55–56, 58, 65.
-    _See also_ M-342 5-ton wrecker
-
-  Wright Field, Ohio, 19, 21, 77
-
-  Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 12, 77–78, 91, 95, 98, 100, 104–105, 107,
-    117, 119–120
-
-
-Transcriber’s Notes:
-
- - Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
- - Text enclosed by equals is in bold font (=bold=).
- - Blank pages have been removed.
- - Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.
- - There are two types of footnotes: numbered footnotes are listed
-   in the “Notes” sections, and starred footnotes appear immediately
-   following the paragraph they refer to.
- - Text transcribed from images or documents has been left as is.
-
-
-
-
-
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-<pre>
-
-Project Gutenberg's The Roswell Report: Case Closed, by James McAndrew
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: The Roswell Report: Case Closed
-
-Author: James McAndrew
-
-Release Date: November 7, 2020 [EBook #63659]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ROSWELL REPORT: CASE CLOSED ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Tim Lindell, Robert Tonsing and the Online
-Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-  <div class="figcenter epub-hide">
-    <img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="mt20 mb20"><span class="large"><b>The Cover</b></span><br />
-    A solarized image taken from a U.S. Air Force motion picture of
-    experiments conducted for Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span>. This image,
-    unsolarized, appears on page 34 (<a href="#Fig_37"></a>Figure 37).</div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="titlepage">
-    <h1 title="The Roswell Report: Case Closed">The Roswell Report</h1>
-
-    <div class="mt10">
-      <img class="illow50" src="images/i_title.jpg" alt="CASE CLOSED" />
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="xlarge sans mt10">Headquarters United States Air Force</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_ii">ii</span></p>
-
-  <div><b>Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data</b></div>
-
-  <div class="mt2">McAndrew, James, 1963—<br />
-    The Roswell report: case closed / James McAndrew<br />
-    p. &nbsp; &nbsp;cm.<br />
-    Includes index.<br />
-    1. Unidentified flying objects—Sightings and encounters—New<br />
-    Mexico—Roswell. &nbsp; &nbsp;I. Title<br />
-    TL789.5.N6M33 1997<br />
-    001.942’09789’43—dc21 <span class="ml30e">97-11361</span><br />
-    <span class="ml50e">CIP</span></div>
-
-  <div class="center mt20">For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office<br />
-    Washington, D.C. 20402</div>
-
-  <div class="center mt10 bt">For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office<br />
-    Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328<br />
-    ISBN 0-16-049018-9</div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_iii">iii</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Foreword">Foreword</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The “Roswell Incident” has assumed a central place in American folklore
-    since the events of the 1940s in a remote area of New Mexico. Because
-    the Air Force was a major player in those events, we have played a key
-    role in executing the General Accounting Office’s tasking to uncover
-    all records regarding that incident.</p>
-
-  <p>Our objective throughout this inquiry has been simple and consistent:
-    to find all the facts and bring them to light. If documents were
-    classified, declassify them; where they were dispersed, bring them into
-    a single source for public review.</p>
-
-  <p>In July 1994, we completed the first step in that effort and later
-    published <cite>The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico
-    Desert</cite>. This volume represents the necessary follow-on to that first
-    publication and contains additional material and analysis. I think that
-    with this publication we have reached our goal of a complete and open
-    explanation of the events that occurred in the Southwest many years ago.</p>
-
-  <p>Beyond that achievement, this inquiry has shed fascinating light into
-    the Air Force of that era and revitalized our appreciation for the
-    dedication and accomplishments of the men and women of that time. As we
-    celebrate the Air Force’s 50th Anniversary, it is appropriate to once
-    again reflect on the sacrifices made by so many to make ours the finest
-    air and space force in history.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 ml50">SHEILA E. WIDNALL<br />
-    Secretary of the Air Force</div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_v">v</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Guide_For_Readers">Guide For Readers</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>This publication contains the complete report as submitted to the
-    Secretary of the Air Force. The exceptions are the statements found
-    in <a href="#Appendix_B">Appendix B</a>. Due to Privacy Act restrictions and by request, the
-    addresses of the individuals making these statements have been deleted.</p>
-
-  <p>This volume is divided into two sections, eight subsections, eleven
-    sidebar discussions, and three appendices. <a href="#SECTION_ONE">Section One</a> examines alleged
-    events at two locations in rural New Mexico. <a href="#SECTION_TWO">Section Two</a> examines the
-    alleged activities at the Roswell Army Airfield Hospital.</p>
-
-  <p><a href="#Appendix_A">Appendix A</a> is a table listing the launch and landing locations of test
-    equipment for U.S. Air Force scientific research projects <span class="smcap"> High
-    Dive</span> and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>. <a href="#Appendix_B">Appendix B</a> is a collection of signed
-    sworn statements based on in-person interviews conducted for this
-    report by U.S. Air Force researchers. The exception is the statement
-    of Lt. Col. William C. Kaufman, which was not sworn due to equipment
-    failures at the time of interview.</p>
-
-  <p><a href="#Appendix_C">Appendix C</a> contains transcripts of interviews of alleged witnesses
-    presented by UFO theorists. The interviews of Gerald Anderson, Alice
-    Knight, and Vern Maltais were excerpted in their entirety from unedited
-    interviews used to prepare the video, <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part
-    II</cite> (1993), and appear courtesy of the Fund for UFO Research. The
-    interview of Mr. W. Glenn Dennis was provided by the interviewer, Karl
-    T. Pflock. The transcript of the interview of Mr. James Ragsdale was
-    provided by Kevin Randle, the coauthor of the <cite>Truth About the UFO
-    Crash at Roswell</cite> (Avon Books, 1994), in which direct quotes from this
-    transcript appear.</p>
-
-  <p>A selected bibliography of technical reports and how to obtain them
-    are found on <a href="#Page_221">page 221</a>. For additional information on this subject, see
-    Headquarters United States Air Force, <cite>The Roswell Report: Fact vs.
-    Fiction in the New Mexico Desert</cite> (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government
-    Printing Office, 1995).</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_vi">vi</span></p>
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5 mb5">The Author</div>
-
-  <p><b>CAPTAIN JAMES MCANDREW</b> serves as an Intelligence Applications Officer
-    assigned to the Secretary of the Air Force Declassification and
-    Review Team, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C.. Captain McAndrew was the
-    coauthor, with Col. Richard L. Weaver, of <cite>The Roswell Report: Fact vs.
-    Fiction in the New Mexico Desert</cite> (1995), the first Air Force work on
-    the alleged “Roswell Incident.” He participated in the declassification
-    of the <cite>Gulf War Air Power Survey</cite> (1993) and has served special tours
-    of duty with the Drug Enforcement Administration and High Intensity
-    Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) Task Force. He holds a BS degree with
-    honors, from Metropolitan State College, Denver, Colo. and is a native
-    of Washington, D.C.</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_vii">vii</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Contents">Contents</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <table summary="Contents">
-    <tbody>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr xsmall"><div><i>Page</i></div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge"><a href="#Foreword"><b>Foreword</b></a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>iii</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge"><a href="#Guide_For_Readers"><b>Guide for Readers</b></a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>v</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge"><a href="#Introduction"><b>Introduction</b></a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>1</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><span class="small sans"><a href="#SECTION_ONE">SECTION ONE</a></span><br />
-          <b>Flying Saucer Crashes<br />and Alien Bodies</b></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>5</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_1_1">1.1</a> The “Crash Sites,” Scenarios, and Research Methods</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>11</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_1_2">1.2</a> High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>23</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_1_3">1.3</a> High Altitude Balloon Operations</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>37</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_1_4">1.4</a> Comparison of Witnesses Accounts to U.S. Air Force Activities</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>55</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><span class="small sans"><a href="#SECTION_TWO">SECTION TWO</a></span><br />
-          <b>Reports of Bodies at Roswell<br />Army Air Field Hospital</b></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>75</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_2_1">2.1</a> The “Missing” Nurse and the Pediatrician</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>81</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_2_2">2.2</a> Aircraft Accidents</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>93</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_2_3">2.3</a> High Altitude Research Projects</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>101</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Section_2_4">2.4</a> Comparison of the Hospital Account to the Balloon Mishap</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>109</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><a href="#Conclusion"><b>Conclusion</b></a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>123</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><b>Notes</b></td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Notes_Section_One">Section One</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>127</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Notes_Section_Two">Section Two</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>139</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_viii">viii</span>
-          <span class="small sans">APPENDIX A</span><br />
-          <a href="#Appendix_A"><b>Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch<br />and Landing Locations</b></a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>155</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><span class="small sans">APPENDIX B</span><br />
-          <b>Witness Statements</b></td>
-          <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_160">Charles E. Clouthier</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr">
-          <div>160</div>
-        </td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_162">Charles A. Coltman, Jr., Col., USAF, MC (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>162</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_164">Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>164</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_166">Bernard D. Gildenberg, GS-14 (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>166</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_169">Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>169</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_171">William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>171</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_174">Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>174</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_178">Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>178</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_180">Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col. USAF (Ret)</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>180</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_182">Frank B. Nordstrom, M.D.</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>182</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><span class="small sans">APPENDIX C</span><br />
-          <b>Interviews</b></td>
-          <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_187">Gerald Anderson</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>187</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_197">Glenn Dennis</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>197</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_213">Alice Knight</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr">
-          <div>213</div>
-        </td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_214">Vern Maltais</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>214</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_215">James Ragsdale</a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>215</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><a href="#Selected_Bibliography"><b>Selected Bibliography of<br />Technical Reports</b></a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>221</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><a href="#Index"><b>Index</b></a></td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>225</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl xlarge pt2"><b>Tables</b></td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl small sans pt1">SECTION ONE</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><a href="#Table_1_1">1.1</a> &nbsp;Comparison of Testimony to Actual Air Force Equipment
-          and Procedures Used to Launch and Recover Anthropomorphic Dummies</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>69</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl small sans pt1">SECTION TWO</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><a href="#Table_2_1">2.1</a> &nbsp;Persons Described and Periods of Service at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>91</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_ix">ix</span>
-          <a href="#Table_2_2">2.2</a> &nbsp;Fatal Air Force Aircraft Accidents by Year in the Vicinity of Walker AFB—1947–1960</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>93</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><a href="#Table_2_3">2.3</a> &nbsp;Analysis of Air Force Aircraft Accidents by Year in the Vicinity of Walker AFB—1947–1960</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>94</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><a href="#Table_2_4">2.4</a> &nbsp;U.S. Air Force Manned High Altitude Balloon Flights</td>
-        <td class="tdr"><div>104</div></td>
-      </tr>
-    </tbody>
-  </table>
-
-  <table class="mt2" summary="Figures">
-    <tbody>
-      <tr>
-        <td colspan="2" class="tdl xlarge pt2"><b>Figures</b></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td colspan="2" class="tdl small sans pt2">SECTION ONE</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_1">1.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl"><i>The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction In The New Mexico Desert.</i></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2">2.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">The International UFO Museum and Research Center, Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_3">3.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Drawing of Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> Balloon Train.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_4">4.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Maj. Jesse Marcel With “Flying Disc” Debris.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_5">5.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">ML-307B/AP Radar Target on Ground.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_6">6.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">ML-307B/AP Radar Target in Flight.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_7">7.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">“Harassed Rancher Who Located ‘Saucer’ Sorry He Told About It,”
-          <i>Roswell Daily Record</i>, July 9, 1947.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_8">8.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Announcement from November 4, 1992 <i>Socorro</i> (N.M.) <i>Defensor Chieftain</i>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_9">9.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">B.D. “Duke” Gildenberg.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_10">10.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Charles B. Moore.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_11">11.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Map of New Mexico Depicting “Crash Sites” and “Debris Field.”</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_12">12.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Missile Recovery Scene.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_13">13.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Drone Recovery Scene.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_14">14.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">“Sierra Sam” Type Anthropomorphic Dummy.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_15">15.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">National Transportation Highway Safety Administration Advertisement
-          Featuring “Vince and Larry.”</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_16">16.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">“Dummy Joe” with J.J. Higgins and Guy Ball, McCook Field, Ohio, 1920.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_17">17.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Rope and Sandbag Parachute Drop Dummy on Ground.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_18">18.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Rope and Sandbag Parachute Drop Dummy Descending at Wright Field, Ohio.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_19">19.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Ted Smith Model Anthropomorphic Dummy in Ejection Seat.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_20">20.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummy “Oscar Eightball” at Muroc AAF, Calif.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_21">21.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">“Sierra Sam” Anthropomorphic Dummy in Ejection Seat.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_22">22.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Alderson Laboratories Anthropomorphic Dummies Hanging in Laboratory.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_23">23.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> Dummy Launch.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_x">x</span>
-          <div><a href="#Fig_24">24.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Map of New Mexico Depicting Dummy Landing Locations.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_25">25.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.’s Record Parachute Jump.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_26">26.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Article In December 1960 National Geographic Featuring Project
-          <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_27">27.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Magazine Covers Depicting U.S. Air Force Aero-Medical Experiments.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_28">28.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">M-342 Five-Ton Wrecker.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_29">29.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> Gondola and “Sierra Sam” Type
-          Anthropomorphic Dummy.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_30">30.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">1st Lts. Raymond A. Madson and Eugene M. Schwartz with “Sierra
-          Sam” Type Anthropomorphic Dummy.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_31">31.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">M-35 Two-Ton Cargo Truck.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_32">32.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">M-37 ¾-Ton Cargo Truck.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_33">33.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Lt. Col. John P. Stapp Preparing for Rocket Sled Test.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_34">34.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Cover of September 12, 1955 <i>Time</i> Magazine Depicting Lt. Col. John P. Stapp.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_35">35.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummy with Missing Fingers.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_36">36–38.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummy Falling from Balloon Gondola.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_39">39.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Memo from Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> Files.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_40">40.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Hanging Anthropomorphic Dummies and Hospital Gurney.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_41">41.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummy in Insulation Bag.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_42">42–43.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Report Covers.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_44">44.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Inflation of High Altitude Balloon for Project <span class="smcap">Viking</span>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig">
-          <div><a href="#Fig_45">45.</a></div>
-        </td>
-        <td class="tdl">Lobby Card from <i>On The Threshold of Space</i>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_46">46.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Promotional Photo From <i>On The Threshold of Space</i>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_47">47.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Promotional Photo From <i>On The Threshold of Space</i>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_48">48.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Relative Sizes of High Altitude Balloon, Airliner, and Hot Air Balloon.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_49">49.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Target Balloon Launch Near Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_50">50.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Discoverer</span> Nosecone Rigged for High Altitude Balloon Flight.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_51">51.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Discoverer</span> Capsule Aboard the <i>USS Haiti Victory</i>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_52">52.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Viking</span> Spaceprobe at Martin Marietta Corp., Denver, Colo.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_53">53.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Balloon Launch Of <span class="smcap">Voyager-Mars</span> Space Probe.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_54">54.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Viking</span> Space Probe at Roswell Industrial Airport, Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_55">55.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Viking</span> Space Probe Awaiting Recovery at White Sands Missile Range.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xi">xi</span>
-          <div><a href="#Fig_56">56.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Drawing of Alleged UFO.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_57">57.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">“Vee” Balloon at Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_58">58.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Current Members of the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_59">59.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">B.D. Gildenberg, Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., and Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC).</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_60">60.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Ranch Family with Panel from Project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_61">61.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Balloon Recovery Personnel and “The Hermit.”</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_62">62.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Mule Borrowed for Balloon Payload Recovery.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_63">63.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Bulldozer Used for Balloon Payload Recovery.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_64">64.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">M-43 Ambulance.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_65">65–66.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Unusual Balloon Payloads.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_67">67.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">U.S. Army Communications Payload.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_68">68.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Scientific Balloon Payload Flown for The Johns Hopkins University.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_69">69.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Balloon Payload Flown from Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_70">70.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_71">71.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Vehicles Present at High Altitude Balloon Launch and Recovery Sites.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_72">72.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Alderson Laboratories Anthropomorphic Dummies.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_73">73.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummies Attached to Rack.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_74">74.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummy with “Bandaged” Head.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_75">75.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummy with Torn Uniform.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_76">76.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Promotional Photo From <i>On The Threshold of Space</i>.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_77">77.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">L-20 Observation Aircraft.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_78">78.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">C-47 Transport Aircraft.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_79">79.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Balloon Crew Preparing Balloon for Launch.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_80">80.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch Scene.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_81">81.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Typical High Altitude Balloon Launch Scene.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_82">82.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Map of New Mexico.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td colspan="2" class="tdl1 small sans">SECTION TWO</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_1">1.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">The International UFO Museum and Research Center.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_2">2.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Eileen M. Fanton.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_3">3.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">“Flying Saucer Swindlers,” <i>True</i> Magazine, August 1956.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_4">4.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">“The Flying Saucers and the Mysterious Little Green Men,” <i>True</i>
-          Magazine, September 1952.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xii">xii</span>
-          <div><a href="#Fig_2_5">5.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Col. Lee F. Ferrell and U.S. Senator Dennis Chavez.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_6">6.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Lt. Col. Lucille C. Slattery.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_7">7.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">KC-97 Aircraft.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_8">8.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">4036th USAF Hospital, Walker AFB, N.M., 1956.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_9">9.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Ballard Funeral Home, Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_10">10.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Maj. David G. Simons (MC), Otto C. Winzen, and Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_11">11.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. in <span class="smcap">Man High</span> Capsule.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_12">12.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Lt. Col. David G. Simons.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_13">13.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Bernard D. “Duke” Gildenberg and 1st Lt. Clifton McClure.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_14">14.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. and the <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> High
-          altitude Balloon Gondola.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_15">15.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. and William C. White with <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>
-          Gondola.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_16">16.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Grover Schock and Otto C. Winzen.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_17">17.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Dan D. Fulgham and Capt. William C. Kaufman.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_18">18.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Thirty-foot Polyethylene Training Balloon.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_19">19.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Maj. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. in Vietnam.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_20">20.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">A2C Ole Jorgeson and M-43 Ambulance Converted to a Communications Vehicle.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_21">21.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Stenciled Letters Described as “Hieroglyphics.”</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_22">22.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">A2C Ole Jorgeson in Rear of M-43 Ambulance.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_23">23.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Polyethylene Balloon on Ground After High Altitude Flight.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_24">24.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Hospital Dispensary, Building 317, Walker AFB, N.M., 1954.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_25">25.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Main Gate at Walker AFB, N.M., 1954.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_26">26.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. and Dr. J. Allen Hynek.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_27">27.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Clinical Record Cover Sheet of Capt. Dan D. Fulgham.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_28">28.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Dan D. Fulgham at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_29">29.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Maj. Dan D. Fulgham, James Lovell, Hilary Ray, and Alan Bean.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_30">30.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Maj. Dan D. Fulgham at Ubon AB, Thailand.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_31">31.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Memorial Plaque at Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_32">32.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Nenninger Balloon Launch Facility at Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdrfig"><div><a href="#Fig_2_33">33.</a></div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. Following <span class="smcap">Excelsior I</span>.</td>
-      </tr>
-    </tbody>
-  </table>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">1</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>In July 1994, the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force concluded
-    an exhaustive search for records in response to a General Accounting
-    Office (GAO) inquiry of an event popularly known as the “Roswell
-    Incident.” The focus of the GAO probe, initiated at the request of New
-    Mexico Congressman Steven Schiff, was to determine if the U.S. Air
-    Force, or any other U.S. government agency, possessed information on
-    the alleged crash and recovery of an extraterrestrial vehicle and its
-    alien occupants near Roswell, N.M. in July 1947.</p>
-
-  <p>Reports of flying saucers and alien bodies allegedly sighted in the
-    Roswell area in 1947, have been the subject of intense domestic
-    and international media attention. This attention has resulted in
-    countless newspaper and magazine articles, books, a television series,
-    a full-length motion picture, and even a film purported to be a U.S.
-    government “alien autopsy.”</p>
-
-  <p>The July 1994 Air Force report concluded that the predecessor to the
-    U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Army Air Forces, did indeed recover material
-    near Roswell in July 1947. This 1,000-page report methodically explains
-    that what was recovered by the Army Air Forces was not the remnants
-    of an extraterrestrial spacecraft and its alien crew, but debris
-    from an Army Air Forces balloon-borne research project code named
-    <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>.<a id="FNanchor_1_1" href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>
-    Records located describing research carried out
-    under the <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> project, most of which were never classified
-    (and publicly available) were collected, provided to GAO, and published
-    in one volume for ease of access for the general public.*</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> records which ultimately lead to the
-    identification of the origin of the 1947 claims of “flying saucer”
-    debris, described balloon research that was never classified.
-    Other <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> records, describing military applications of
-    balloon-borne acoustical sensors, were declassified, along with
-    millions of pages of other unrelated executive branch documents by
-    Executive Order 11652, issued on March 6, 1972 by President Richard M. Nixon.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>Although <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> components clearly accounted for the claims of
-    “flying saucer” debris recovered in 1947, lingering questions remained
-    concerning anecdotal accounts that included descriptions of “alien”
-    bodies. The issue of “bodies” was not discussed extensively in the 1994
-    report because there were not any bodies connected with events that
-    occurred in 1947. The extensive Secretary of the Air Force-directed
-    search of Army Air Forces and U.S. Air Force records from 1947 did not
-    yield information that even suggested the 1947 “Roswell” events were
-    anything other than the retrieval of the <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>
-    equipment.<a id="FNanchor_1_2" href="#Footnote_1_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">2</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right">
-        <a id="Fig_1"><img src="images/i_002.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 1. <cite>The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the
-      New Mexico Desert</cite> contains, in its entirety, the report submitted
-      to the Secretary of the Air Force in July 1994. It is available for
-      sale from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
-      Documents, Washington, D.C., 20402-9328. Stock No. 008-070-00697-9,
-      ISBN 0-16-048023-X.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>Subsequent to the 1994 report, Air Force researchers discovered
-    information that provided a rational explanation for the alleged
-    observations of alien bodies associated with the “Roswell Incident.”
-    Pursuant to the discovery, research efforts compared documented Air
-    Force activities to the incredible claims of “flying saucers,” “aliens”
-    and seemingly unusual Air Force involvement. This in-depth examination
-    revealed that these accounts, in most instances, were of actual Air
-    Force activities but were seriously flawed in several major areas, most
-    notably: the Air Force operations that inspired reports of “bodies” (in
-    addition to being earthly in origin) did not occur in 1947. It appears
-    that UFO proponents have failed to establish the accurate dates for
-    these “alien” observations (in some instances by more than a decade)
-    and then erroneously linked them to the actual Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>
-    debris recovery.</p>
-
-  <p>This report discusses the results of this further research and
-    identifies the likely sources of the claims of “alien” bodies.
-    Contrary to allegations that the Air Force has engaged in a cover-up
-    and possesses dark secrets involving the Roswell claims, some of
-    the accounts appear to be descriptions of unclassified and widely
-    publicized Air Force scientific achievements. Other descriptions of
-    bodies appear to be descriptions of actual incidents in which Air Force
-    members were killed or injured in the line of duty.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">3</span></p>
-
-  <p>The conclusions of the additional research are:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• Air Force activities which occurred over a period of many years
-    have been consolidated and are now represented to have occurred in
-    two or three days in July 1947.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• “Aliens” observed in the New Mexico desert were probably
-    anthropomorphic test dummies that were carried aloft by U.S. Air
-    Force high altitude balloons for scientific research.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• The “unusual” military activities in the New Mexico desert were
-    high altitude research balloon launch and recovery operations. The
-    reports of military units that always seemed to arrive shortly
-    after the crash of a flying saucer to retrieve the saucer and
-    “crew,” were actually accurate descriptions of Air Force personnel
-    engaged in anthropomorphic dummy recovery operations.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• Claims of bodies at the Roswell Army Air Field hospital were most
-    likely a combination of two separate incidents:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent2">1) a 1956 KC-97 aircraft accident in which 11 Air Force members
-    lost their lives; and,</p>
-
-  <p class="indent2">2) a 1959 manned balloon mishap in which two Air Force pilots were
-    injured.</p>
-
-  <p>This report is based on thoroughly documented research supported by
-    official records, technical reports, film footage, photographs, and
-    interviews with individuals who were involved in these events.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2"><img class="w100" src="images/i_003.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 2. Roswell, N.M. (pop. 37,000), boasts competing
-      “museums” focusing on the Roswell Incident, including this one, The
-      International UFO Museum and Research Center.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">5</span>
-    <h2 id="SECTION_ONE"><span class="small">SECTION ONE</span><br />
-      <span class="overline">Flying Saucer Crashes</span><br />and Alien Bodies</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The most puzzling and intriguing element of the complex series of
-    events now known as the Roswell Incident, are the alleged sightings of
-    alien bodies. The bodies turned what, for many years, was just another
-    flying saucer story, into what many UFO proponents claim is the best
-    case for extraterrestrial visitation of Earth. The importance of bodies
-    and the assumptions made as to their origin is illustrated in a passage
-    from a popular Roswell book:</p>
-
-  <p><em>Crashed saucers are one thing, and could well turn out to be
-    futuristic American or even foreign aircraft or missiles. But
-    alien bodies are another matter entirely, and hardly subject to
-    misinterpretation.</em><a id="FNanchor_1_3" href="#Footnote_1_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The 1994 Air Force report determined that project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> was
-    responsible for the 1947 events. <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> was an experimental
-    attempt to acoustically detect suspected Soviet nuclear weapon
-    explosions and ballistic missile launches.<a id="FNanchor_1_4" href="#Footnote_1_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>
-    <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> utilized
-    acoustical sensors, radar reflecting targets and other devices attached
-    to a train of weather balloons over 600 feet long. Claims that the U.S.
-    Army Air Forces recovered a “flying disc” in 1947, were based primarily
-    on the lack of identification of the radar targets, an element of
-    weather equipment used on the long <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train. The
-    oddly constructed radar targets were found by a New Mexico rancher
-    during the height of the first U.S. flying saucer wave in
-    1947.<a id="FNanchor_1_5" href="#Footnote_1_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> The
-    rancher brought the remnants of the balloons and radar targets to the
-    local sheriff after he allegedly learned of the broadcasted reports of
-    flying discs. However, following some initial confusion at Roswell Army
-    Air Field, the “flying disc” was soon identified by Army Air Forces
-    officials as a standard radar target.<a id="FNanchor_1_6" href="#Footnote_1_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p>
-
-  <p>From 1947 until the late 1970s, the Roswell Incident was essentially
-    a non-story. The reports that existed contain only descriptions of
-    mundane materials that originated from the Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>
-    balloon train—“tinfoil, paper, tape, rubber, and
-    sticks.”<a id="FNanchor_1_7" href="#Footnote_1_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> The first
-    claim of “bodies” appeared in the late 1970s, with additional claims
-    made during the 1980s and 1990s. These claims were usually based on
-    anecdotal accounts of second- and third-hand witnesses collected by UFO
-    proponents as much as 40 years after the alleged incident. The same<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">6</span>
-    anecdotal accounts that referred to bodies also described massive field
-    operations conducted by the U.S. military to recover crash debris from
-    a supposed extraterrestrial spaceship.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_3"><img class="w100" src="images/i_006.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">
-      Fig. 3. An illustration of a Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train
-      similar to one found on a ranch 75 miles northwest of Roswell,
-      N.M. in June 1947, which contains all of the “strange” materials
-      described as part of a “flying disc.” Initial confusion at Roswell
-      AAF and delayed identification of this equipment was the first in a
-      series of unrelated events now known as the “Roswell Incident.”<br /><br />
-      TRAIN FOR CLUSTER FLIGHT NO. 2<br />
-      <span class="xsmall">To Be Flown at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania</span></div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>A technique used by some UFO authors to collect anecdotal corroboration
-    for their theories was to solicit cooperating witnesses through
-    newspaper announcements. For example, one such solicitation appeared in
-    the <cite><i>Socorro</i> (N.M.) <i>Defensor Chieftain</i></cite> on November 4, 1992, on behalf
-    of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">7</span> Don Berliner and Stanton T.
-    Friedman, the authors of the book <cite>Crash
-    at Corona</cite>. This request solicited persons to provide information about
-    the supposed crashes of alien spacecraft in the Socorro
-    area.<a id="FNanchor_1_8" href="#Footnote_1_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>*</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Socorro, N.M. is situated at the northwest boundary
-    of White Sands Missile Range, the largest military test range in
-    the United States. Since the 1940s, White Sands and the surrounding
-    areas of New Mexico have been the site of a high volume of military
-    test and evaluation activity, including the launch and recovery of
-    anthropomorphic dummies carried aloft by high altitude balloons.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_4"><img class="w100" src="images/i_007a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 4. (<i>left</i>) Maj. Jesse Marcel, an intelligence
-      officer from Roswell Army Air Field, with the debris found 75 miles
-      northwest of Roswell in June 1947. When compared to a standard radar
-      target used by project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>, it is clear that they are the
-      same object. (<i>Courtesy, Special Collections Division, the University
-      of Texas at Arlington Libraries, Arlington, Tex.</i>)<br /><br />
-      Fig. 5 &amp; 6. (<i>Below, left and right</i>) Constructed
-      of aluminized paper glued and taped to a balsa wood frame, several
-      ML-307B/AP radar targets were used on the <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train
-      to make it visible to radar. (<i>U.S. Air Force photos</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center col illow62">
-    <a id="Fig_5"><img class="w100" src="images/i_007b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-  </div>
-  <div class="center col illow36 ml2">
-    <a id="Fig_6"><img class="w100" src="images/i_007c.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">8</span></p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <a id="Fig_7"><img class="illow100" src="images/i_008.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    <div class="link"><a href="#trans_7">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figright captiont">Fig. 7. This account from the July 9, 1947 <cite>Roswell Daily Record</cite>,
-    described the materials “tinfoil, paper, rubber, tape, and sticks”
-    found on the ranch 75 miles northwest of Roswell, in June 1947.
-  </div>
-
-  <p>In response to the newspaper announcement, two scientists central to
-    the actual explanation of the “Roswell” events, Professor Charles
-    B. Moore, a former U.S. Army Air Forces contract engineer, and
-    Bernard D. Gildenberg, retired Holloman AFB Balloon Branch Physical
-    Science Administrator and Meteorologist, came forward with pertinent
-    information.<a id="FNanchor_1_9" href="#Footnote_1_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a>
-    According to Moore and Gildenberg, when they met with
-    the authors their explanations that some of the Air Force projects they
-    participated in were most likely responsible for the incident, they
-    were summarily dismissed. The authors even went so far as to suggest
-    that these distinguished scientists were participants in a multifaceted
-    government cover-up to conceal the truth about the Roswell Incident.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">9</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb2">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_8"><img class="illow90" src="images/i_009a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <div class="link"><a href="#trans_8">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 8. Announcement from the November 4, 1992
-      <cite><i>Socorro</i> (N.M.) <i>Defensor Chieftain</i></cite> soliciting witnesses of flying
-      saucer crashes in New Mexico. When former Air Force scientists
-      responded to advise the authors that Air Force projects were most
-      probably responsible for the UFO accounts, they were summarily
-      dismissed by the authors who placed the announcement, and then were
-      accused of participating in a cover-up.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div>
-    <div class="center col75 mb5">
-      <div class="col illow50">
-        <a id="Fig_9"><img class="w100" src="images/i_009b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="col illow46">
-        <a id="Fig_10"><img class="w100" src="images/i_009c.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="figright captiont">
-      Fig. 9. (<i>Left</i>) B.D. “Duke” Gildenberg served as the
-      civilian meteorologist, engineer, and physical science administrator
-      for the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch from 1951–1981. Gildenberg actively
-      participated in thousands of high altitude balloon operations,
-      including the flights that dropped anthropomorphic dummies at off-range
-      locations throughout New Mexico. Gildenberg, the “father” of Air Force
-      scientific ballooning, was instrumental in identifying the many actual
-      Air Force activities now known as the “Roswell Incident.”<br />
-      <br />
-      Fig. 10. (<i>Right</i>) Charles B. Moore, Professor Emeritus
-      of Atmospheric Physics at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and
-      Technology, was the project engineer for New York University under
-      contract to the U.S. Army Air Forces to develop high altitude balloon
-      technology for Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>. Moore launched the balloon train
-      on June 4, 1947, that when combined with other events, are now known as
-      the “Roswell Incident.”
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>Since many of the Roswell accounts and allegations were collected by
-    irregular methods and are not specifically documented, the series
-    of events as alleged by UFO theorists has become very complex and
-    requires clarification. Therefore, the following section will briefly
-    examine some of the more confusing elements of the Roswell stories,
-    specifically, the multiple crash sites and complex scenarios, in order
-    to facilitate an objective analysis of actual events.</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">11</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_1_1">1.1<br />The “Crash Sites,” Scenarios,<br />and Research Methods</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <h4>The “Crash Sites”</h4>
-
-  <p>From 1947 until the late 1970s, the Roswell Incident was confined
-    to one alleged crash site. This site, located on the Foster Ranch
-    approximately 75 miles northwest of the city of Roswell, was the
-    actual landing site of a Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train in June
-    1947.<a id="FNanchor_1_10" href="#Footnote_1_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>
-    The <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> landing site is referred to in popular
-    Roswell literature as the “debris field.”</p>
-
-  <p>In the 1970s, the 1980s and throughout the 1990s, additional witnesses
-    came forward with claims and descriptions of two other alleged crash
-    sites. One of these sites was supposedly north of Roswell, the other
-    site was alleged to have been approximately 175 miles northwest of
-    Roswell in an area of New Mexico known as the San Agustin
-    Plains.<a id="FNanchor_1_11" href="#Footnote_1_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>
-    What distinguished the two new crash sites from the original debris
-    field were accounts of alien bodies.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_11"><img class="w100" src="images/i_011.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 11. Map of New Mexico depicting the “crash sites”
-      and “debris field.”</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">12</span></p>
-
-  <div class="figright large col25"><b>“<em>It must be emphasized that the claims of bodies only
-    became part of the Roswell Incident after 1978, when they were
-    erroneously linked to the July 1947 retrieval of Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>
-    components.</em>”</b></div>
-
-  <h4>The Scenarios</h4>
-
-  <p>UFO enthusiasts have attempted to explain the obvious contradiction
-    of multiple impact sites involving only one alien craft through the
-    introduction of complicated scenarios. These scenarios have become
-    increasingly convoluted since the proponents of each crash site must
-    make allowances to have “their” flying saucer at the correct time and
-    place—the actual <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train landing site in early
-    July, 1947—in order to “fit” with the rest of the story. The actual
-    Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> landing site, 75 miles northwest of Roswell,
-    lends credibility, and more importantly establishes a <em>time frame</em>,
-    for the other accounts that include reports of bodies. Flying saucer
-    enthusiasts use the documented presence of U.S. Army Air Forces
-    personnel at the <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> site in July 1947, who were there to
-    retrieve the <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train, to provide the nucleus of
-    unrelated and much later accounts that include reports of “bodies.” It
-    must be emphasized that the claims of “bodies” only became part of the
-    Roswell Incident after 1978, when they were erroneously linked to the
-    July 1947 retrieval of Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> components.</p>
-
-  <p>In general, “Roswell Incident” scenarios claim that a disabled alien
-    craft momentarily touched down at the site 75 miles northwest of
-    Roswell, leaving behind parts of the spaceship (material that has been
-    subsequently identified as components of a <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon
-    train) to create the original “debris field.” The scenarios further
-    contend that the damaged craft again became airborne and flew to its
-    final crash site, at either the location north of Roswell or 175 miles
-    northwest of Roswell on the San Agustin Plains.</p>
-
-  <p>Regardless of the dispute over the location, an element common to
-    most scenarios was that, once recovered, the bodies were supposedly
-    transported to the hospital at Roswell Army Air Field for autopsy. Also
-    common to these theories is that the bodies were later shipped from
-    Roswell AAF to another facility, usually Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio (or
-    a host of other facilities—this is another area of further disagreement
-    among UFO theorists) for further evaluation and ultimate deep-freeze
-    storage.</p>
-
-  <h4>Research Methods</h4>
-
-  <p>In an attempt to untangle this collection of complicated assertions and
-    determine if there was any validity to the reports of bodies, Air Force
-    researchers faced the task of sorting through and examining anecdotal
-    testimony of hundreds of witnesses. However, a large number of the
-    accounts were eliminated by applying previously established facts to
-    the testimonies. The July 1994 report to the Secretary of the Air Force
-    clearly presented and documented these facts:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>a.</b></i> The U.S. Army Air Forces did not recover an extraterrestrial
-    vehicle and alien crew. This conclusion was based on extensive
-    research that included a thorough review of both classified
-    and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">13</span> unclassified materials at record depositories, archives,
-    libraries and research facilities throughout the nation. Of the
-    millions of pages of material reviewed, there was no mention of
-    any activities that even tangentially suggested such an event.
-    Additionally, former and retired Air Force members and civilian
-    contract scientists were located and released from any possible
-    nondisclosure agreements they may have entered into regarding
-    past classified activities. This release allowed them to freely
-    discuss with Air Force researchers, or any other persons,
-    information related to this issue. These releases were issued at
-    the express written direction of the Secretary of the Air Force.
-    Interviews with these persons yielded no information supporting
-    extraterrestrial claims or any other unusual activities.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>b.</b></i> The reports of bodies were not associated with Project
-    <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>. The <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train did not, was not
-    designed to, nor could it carry passengers. Neither did it carry
-    hazardous materials that would have caused injury, death, or
-    mutilation to persons who may have come in contact with any of its
-    components.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>c.</b></i> Actual events, if any, that inspired reports of bodies did
-    not occur in 1947. Based on extensive examinations of U.S. Army
-    Air Forces activities in 1947, no evidence was found to support
-    allegations that the Army Air Forces was involved in any uncommon
-    operations other than the retrieval of the <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon
-    train in the Roswell area in July 1947. Examination of research
-    and development projects, aircraft crashes, errant missiles and
-    possible nuclear accidents yielded no information to support a 1947
-    claim.</p>
-
-  <p>In light of these documented facts, the hundreds of anecdotal
-    accounts were reduced to a few. Eliminated were accounts that were
-    likely descriptions of materials known to be part of the Project
-    <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> balloon train and accounts describing transportation of
-    these materials.</p>
-
-  <p>From the remaining testimony, Air Force researchers developed the
-    following set of working hypotheses to assist in identifying the actual
-    events, if any, matching those described by the witnesses.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>a.</b></i> Due to the number and great detail provided in some of the
-    accounts, it was likely that some event(s) actually did occur.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>b.</b></i> Due to the many similarities of the two crash site
-    descriptions and the considerable distance between them, it was
-    likely that more than one event with similar characteristics was
-    the basis for these accounts.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>c.</b></i> Since the account of bodies at the Roswell Army Air Field
-    hospital did not contain elements similar to reports of the two<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">14</span>
-    crash sites, it was likely that this account was unrelated to
-    the crash site accounts. (The hospital account will be addressed
-    separately in <a href="#SECTION_TWO">Section Two</a> of this report.)</p>
-
-  <p>The remaining testimony was examined with regard both to the facts and
-    to working hypotheses to determine if there were common threads or
-    links connecting any of the accounts. If similarities were found, the
-    next step was to determine if they were related to an actual event.
-    Finally, if there were actual event(s), were they part of U.S. Air
-    Force or U.S. Government activities?</p>
-
-  <h4>Common Threads</h4>
-
-  <p>Careful examination of the testimony revealed that primary witnesses
-    of the two “crashed saucer” locations contained descriptions common to
-    both. These areas of commonality contained both general and detailed
-    characteristics. However, before continuing, the accounts were
-    carefully examined to determine if the testimony related by individual
-    witnesses were of their own experiences and not a recitation of
-    information given by other persons. While many aspects of the remaining
-    accounts were judged to be similar, other aspects were found to be
-    significantly different. The accounts on which the analysis is based
-    were determined, in all likelihood, to have been independently obtained
-    or observed by the witnesses.</p>
-
-  <p><b>General Similarities.</b> The testimony presented for both crash
-    sites generally followed the same sequence of events. The witnesses
-    were in a rural and isolated area of New Mexico. In the course of their
-    travels in this area, they came upon a crashed aerial vehicle. The
-    witnesses then proceeded to the area of the crash to investigate and at
-    some distance they observed strange looking “beings” that appeared to
-    be crewmembers of the vehicle. Soon thereafter, a convoy of military
-    vehicles and soldiers arrived at the site. Military personnel allegedly
-    instructed the civilians to leave the area and forget what they had
-    seen. As the witnesses left the area, the military personnel commenced
-    with a recovery operation of the crashed aerial vehicle and “crew.”</p>
-
-  <p><b>Detailed Similarities.</b> Along with general similarities in
-    the testimonies, there also existed a substantial amount of similar
-    detailed descriptions of the “aliens,” and the military vehicles and
-    procedures allegedly used to recover them.</p>
-
-  <p>The first obvious similarity was the descriptions of the aliens.
-    Mr. Gerald Anderson, an alleged witness of events at the site 175
-    miles northwest of Roswell, recalled, “I thought they were plastic
-    dolls.”<a id="FNanchor_1_12" href="#Footnote_1_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>
-    Mr. James Ragsdale, an alleged witness of the site north of
-    Roswell, stated, “They were using dummies in those damned
-    things.”<a id="FNanchor_1_13" href="#Footnote_1_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>
-    Another alleged witness to a “crash” north of Roswell, Frank J.
-    Kaufman, recalled that there was “talk” that perhaps an “experimental
-    plane with dummies in it” was the source of the
-    claims.<a id="FNanchor_1_14" href="#Footnote_1_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">15</span></p>
-
-  <p>Additional similarities were also noted. Mr. Vern Maltais, a secondhand
-    witness of the site 175 miles northwest of Roswell, described the
-    hands of the “aliens” as, “They had four fingers.”<a id="FNanchor_1_15" href="#Footnote_1_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>
-    Anderson characterized the hands as, “They didn’t have a little
-    finger.”<a id="FNanchor_1_16" href="#Footnote_1_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>
-    He also described the heads of the aliens as “completely
-    bald”<a id="FNanchor_1_17" href="#Footnote_1_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a>
-    while Maltais described them as “hairless.”<a id="FNanchor_1_18" href="#Footnote_1_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>
-    The uniforms of the
-    aliens were independently described by Anderson as “one-piece suits
-    ... a shiny silverish-gray color”<a id="FNanchor_1_19" href="#Footnote_1_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a>
-    and by Maltais as “one-piece
-    and gray in color.”<a id="FNanchor_1_20" href="#Footnote_1_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>
-    The date of this event was also not precisely
-    known. Maltais recalled that it may have occurred “around
-    1950”<a id="FNanchor_1_21" href="#Footnote_1_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>
-    and another secondhand witness, Alice Knight stated, “I don’t recall the
-    date.”<a id="FNanchor_1_22" href="#Footnote_1_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Witnesses of different sites also used the terms “wrecker”<a id="FNanchor_1_23" href="#Footnote_1_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a>
-    and “six-by-six”<a id="FNanchor_1_24" href="#Footnote_1_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>
-    when they described the military vehicles present at
-    the different recovery sites. One witness described seeing a “medium
-    sized Jeep/truck”<a id="FNanchor_1_25" href="#Footnote_1_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a>
-    and another witness described seeing a “weapons
-    carrier”<a id="FNanchor_1_26" href="#Footnote_1_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a>
-    (a weapons carrier is a mid-sized Jeep-type truck).</p>
-
-  <h4>The Research Profile</h4>
-
-  <p>When the general and specific similarities were combined, a profile
-    emerged describing the event or activity that might have been observed.
-    The profile, which contains elements common to at least two, and in
-    some cases, all of the accounts, established a set of criteria used
-    to determine what the witnesses may have observed. The profile is as
-    follows:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>a.</b></i> An activity that, if viewed from a distance, would appear unusual.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>b.</b></i> An activity of which the exact date is not known.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>c.</b></i> An activity that took place in two rural areas of New Mexico.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>d.</b></i> An activity that involved a type of aerial vehicle with dolls
-    or dummies that had four fingers, were bald, and wore one-piece
-    gray suits.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>e.</b></i> An activity that required recovery by numerous military
-    personnel and an assortment of vehicles that included a wrecker, a
-    six-by-six, and a weapons carrier.</p>
-
-  <p>Based on this profile, research was begun to identify events or
-    activities with these characteristics. Due to the location of the
-    sites, attention was focused on Roswell AAF (renamed Walker AFB in
-    1948), White Sands Missile Range and Holloman AFB, N.M. The aerial
-    vehicles assigned or under development at these facilities were
-    aircraft, missiles, remotely-piloted drones, and high altitude
-    balloons. The operational characteristics and areas where these
-    vehicles flew were researched to determine if they played a role in the
-    events described by the witnesses.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">16</span></p>
-
-  <p><b>Missiles and Drones.</b> Missiles and drones were determined not
-    to have been responsible for the accounts.* The areas where the
-    alleged crashes took place were, in all likelihood, too far from the
-    White Sands Missile Range. Missiles were equipped with a self-destruct
-    mechanism that was activated if it strayed off-course or out of the
-    White Sands Missile Range. There was never a program that required
-    a dummy or doll to be placed inside a missile or a drone. However,
-    missiles were launched from White Sands carrying monkeys and other
-    small animals aloft for scientific research.<a id="FNanchor_1_27" href="#Footnote_1_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a>
-    These projects were
-    well documented, and none of these missiles landed near either of the
-    two crash sites.</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* From September 1961 until March 1965 12 Atlas F
-    intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) were deployed by the
-    579<sup>th</sup> Strategic Missile Squadron in areas surrounding Walker AFB,
-    N.M. These missiles were determined not to have been involved in the
-    Roswell Incident.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p><b>Aircraft.</b> Aircraft seemed just as unlikely as missiles to
-    have been responsible for the extraterrestrial claims as outlined in
-    the profile. Although additional research revealed the significant
-    role dummies played in the test and evaluation of aircraft emergency
-    escape systems, these dummies were used on board aircraft and on the
-    high-speed test track at Holloman AFB. However, aircraft test flights
-    demanded strict adherence to established flight profiles over the
-    instrumented portions of the White Sands Missile Range, many miles from
-    the alleged crash sites. Dummies used on the high-speed track remained
-    in the immediate vicinity of the track facilities at Holloman AFB. This
-    geographical impossibility ruled out dummies that were ejected from
-    aircraft and those used on the high-speed track as a cause of alleged
-    alien sightings. (Aircraft accidents will be discussed extensively in
-    <a href="#SECTION_TWO">Section Two</a> of this report.)</p>
-
-    <div>
-      <div class="col75">&nbsp;</div>
-      <div class="caption">Figs. 12 &amp; 13. Missiles (<i>left</i>) and drones (<i>right</i>)
-        under development at Holloman AFB, N.M. were determined not to have
-        been involved in the “Roswell Incident.” (<i>U.S. Air Force photos</i>)
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="center">
-      <a id="Fig_12"><img class="illow46" src="images/i_016a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <a id="Fig_13"><img class="illow52" src="images/i_016b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">17</span></p>
-
-  <p><b>High Altitude Research Balloons.</b> The only vehicles not yet
-    evaluated as a possible source of the accounts were high altitude
-    research balloons. Previous reviews of early research balloon flight
-    records revealed that trajectories of high altitude balloons were, at
-    times, unpredictable and did not usually remain over Holloman AFB or
-    White Sands Missile Range.<a id="FNanchor_1_28" href="#Footnote_1_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a>
-    Many of the scientific payloads required
-    recovery so the data collected during flight could be returned to the
-    laboratory for analysis.</p>
-
-  <p>These characteristics seemed to fit at least some of the research
-    profile. Atmospheric sampling apparatus or weather instruments, the
-    typical payload of many high altitude balloons, could hardly have been
-    mistaken for space aliens. A careful examination of the instruments
-    carried aloft by the high altitude balloons revealed that one unique
-    project used a device that very likely could be mistaken for an
-    alien—an anthropomorphic dummy.</p>
-
-  <p>An anthropomorphic dummy is a human substitute equipped with a variety
-    of instrumentation to measure effects of environments and situations
-    deemed too hazardous for a human. These abstractly human dummies
-    were first used in New Mexico in May 1950, and have been used on a
-    continuous basis since that time.<a id="FNanchor_1_29" href="#Footnote_1_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a></p>
-
-  <p>In the 1950s, anthropomorphic dummies were not widely exposed outside
-    of scientific research circles and easily could have been mistaken for
-    something they were not. Today, anthropomorphic dummies, better known
-    as crash test dummies, are easily identifiable and are even the “stars”
-    of their own automotive safety advertising campaign. During the 1950s
-    when the U.S. Air Force dropped the odd-looking test devices from high
-    altitude balloons in its program to study high altitude human free-fall
-    characteristics, public awareness and stardom were decades away. It
-    seems likely that someone who unexpectedly observed these dummies at a
-    distance would believe they had seen something unusual. In retrospect,
-    when interviewed over 40 years later, they could accurately report that
-    they had seen something <em>very unusual</em>.</p>
-
-  <p>With the introduction of anthropomorphic dummies as a possible
-    explanation for the reports of bodies, another element of the research
-    profile appeared to be satisfied. Specific information that described
-    the locations, methods, and procedures used to employ the dummies was
-    required before any definitive conclusions could be drawn. To gather
-    this detailed information, research efforts were concentrated on high
-    altitude balloon operations and the specific projects that utilized
-    balloon-borne anthropomorphic dummies.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">18</span></p>
-
-  <div>
-    <div class="col75">&nbsp;</div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 14. (<i>Left</i>) Example of an anthropomorphic dummy
-      carried aloft by U.S. Air Force high altitude balloons. These dummies
-      landed at numerous locations throughout New Mexico during the 1950s.
-      (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)<br /><br />
-      Fig. 15. (<i>Right</i>) Newspaper advertisement depicting
-      anthropomorphic dummies “Vince and Larry” “stars” of the successful
-      advertising campaign by the National Highway Traffic Safety
-      Administration to encourage use of safety belts. (<i>Courtesy of NHTSA</i>)
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center mt2">
-    <a id="Fig_14"><img class="illow48" src="images/i_018a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    <a id="Fig_15"><img class="illow50" src="images/i_018b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    <div class="link"><a href="#trans_15">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">19</span>
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>Test Dummies Used by the U.S. Air Force</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>Since the beginning of manned flight, designers have sought a
-      substitute for the human body to test hazardous new equipment. Early
-      devices used by the predecessors of the U.S. Air Force were simply
-      constructed parachute drop test dummies with little similarity to the
-      human form. Following World War II, aircraft emergency escape systems
-      became increasingly sophisticated and engineers required a dummy with
-      more humanlike characteristics.</p>
-
-    <div class="large"><b>Parachute Drop Dummies</b></div>
-
-    <p>During World War I research and development of the first U.S. military
-      parachute was underway at McCook Field, Ohio. To test the parachute,
-      engineers experimented with several types of dummies, settling on
-      a model constructed of three-inch hemp rope and sandbags with the
-      approximate proportions of a medium-sized man.<a id="FNanchor_1_30" href="#Footnote_1_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a>
-      The new invention
-      was soon known by the nickname “Dummy Joe.” Dummy Joe is said to have
-      made more than five thousand “jumps” between 1918 and 1924.<a id="FNanchor_1_31" href="#Footnote_1_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a></p>
-
-    <p>By 1924, parachutes were required on military aircraft with their
-      serviceability tested by dummies dropped from aircraft.<a id="FNanchor_1_32" href="#Footnote_1_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a>
-      For this routine testing, several types of dummies were used. The most common
-      type is shown in figures 17 and 18. Parachutes were individually
-      drop-tested from aircraft until the early stages of World War II, when,
-      due both to increased reliability and large numbers of parachutes in
-      service, this routine practice was discontinued. Nonetheless, test
-      dummies were still used frequently by the Parachute Branch of Air
-      Materiel Command (AMC) at Wright Field, Ohio, to test new parachute designs.</p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="center col75">
-        <a id="Fig_16"><img class="illow66" src="images/i_019.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">Fig. 16. “‘Dummy Joe,’ the hero of five thousand jumps”
-        is shown here with engineers J.J. Higgins (<i>left</i>) and Guy Ball at
-        McCook Field, Ohio in 1920. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>) </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">20</span></p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="center col75">
-        <a id="Fig_17"><img class="illow50" src="images/i_020a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-        <a id="Fig_18"><img class="illow48" src="images/i_020b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">
-        Fig. 17. (<i>Left</i>) Early rope and sandbag dummy used to
-        test parachutes. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)<br /><br />
-        Fig. 18. (<i>Right</i>) Parachute drop dummies in use at
-        Wright Field, Ohio. The historic Flight Test hangars, Hangars 1 and 9,
-        can be seen in the background. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="large"><b>Anthropomorphic Dummies</b></div>
-
-    <p>The ejection seat had been developed and used successfully by the
-      German Luftwaffe during the latter stages of World War II. The utility
-      of this invention was realized when the U.S. Army Air Forces obtained
-      an ejection seat in 1944.<a id="FNanchor_1_33" href="#Footnote_1_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a>
-      To properly test the ejection seat, the
-      Army Air Forces required a dummy that had the same center of gravity
-      and weight distribution as a human, characteristics that parachute
-      drop dummies did not possess. In 1944, the USAAF Air Materiel Command
-      contracted with the Ted Smith Company of Upper Darby, Pa. to design
-      and manufacture the first dummy intended to accurately represent a
-      human.<a id="FNanchor_1_34" href="#Footnote_1_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a>
-      The dummy had the same basic shape as a human, but with only
-      abstract human features, and “skin” made of canvas.</p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="center col75">
-        <a id="Fig_19"><img class="illow48" src="images/i_020c.jpg" width="216" height="320" alt="" /></a>
-        <a id="Fig_20"><img class="illow50" src="images/i_020d.jpg" width="221" height="320" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">
-        Figs. 19 &amp; 20. (<i>Left &amp; Right</i>) These early
-        anthropomorphic dummies, manufactured by the Ted Smith Co., of Upper
-        Darby, Pa., were used by the Army Air Forces beginning in 1944. They
-        were replaced by a more realistic dummy in 1949.<br /><br />
-        (<i>Right</i>) “Oscar Eightball,” the name given to this early model
-        anthropomorphic dummy by Col. John P. Stapp, is shown following a run
-        of the high-speed track at Muroc AAF (now Edwards AFB), Calif., in
-        1947. (<i>U.S. Air Force photos</i>)
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">21</span></p>
-
-    <p>In 1949, the U.S. Air Force Aero Medical Laboratory submitted a
-      proposal for an improved model of the anthropomorphic
-      dummy.<a id="FNanchor_1_35" href="#Footnote_1_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a>
-      This request was originated by the renowned Air Force scientist and
-      physician John P. Stapp, now a retired Colonel, who conducted a series
-      of landmark experiments at Muroc (now Edwards) AFB, Calif., to measure
-      the effects of acceleration and deceleration during high-speed aircraft
-      ejections.<a id="FNanchor_1_36" href="#Footnote_1_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a>
-      Stapp required a dummy that had the same center of
-      gravity and articulation as a human, but, unlike the Ted Smith dummy,
-      was more human in appearance. A more accurate external appearance was
-      required to provide for the proper fit of helmets, oxygen masks, and
-      other equipment used during the tests. Stapp requested the Anthropology
-      Branch of the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright Field to review
-      anthropological, orthopedic, and engineering literature to prepare
-      specifications for the new dummy.<a id="FNanchor_1_37" href="#Footnote_1_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a>
-      Plaster casts of the torso, legs,
-      and arms of an Air Force pilot were also taken to assure accuracy.<a id="FNanchor_1_38" href="#Footnote_1_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a>
-      The result was a proposed dummy that stood 72 inches tall, weighed
-      200 pounds, had provisions for mounting instrumentation, and could
-      withstand up to 100 times the force of gravity or 100Gs.</p>
-
-    <p>In 1949, a contract was awarded to Sierra Engineering Company of Sierra
-      Madre, Calif., and deliveries began in 1950.<a id="FNanchor_1_39" href="#Footnote_1_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a>
-      This dummy quickly became known as “Sierra Sam.”</p>
-
-    <p>In 1952, a contract for anthropomorphic dummies was awarded to Alderson
-      Research Laboratories, Inc., of New York City.<a id="FNanchor_1_40" href="#Footnote_1_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a>
-      Dummies constructed
-      by both companies possessed the same basic characteristics: a skeleton
-      of aluminum or steel, latex or plastic skin, a cast aluminum skull, and
-      an instrument cavity in the torso and head for the mounting of strain
-      gauges, accelerometers, transducers, and rate gyros.<a id="FNanchor_1_41" href="#Footnote_1_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a>
-      Models used by
-      the Air Force were primarily parachute drop and ejection seat versions
-      with center of gravity tolerances within one quarter inch.</p>
-
-    <p>Over the next several years the two companies improved and redesigned
-      internal structures and instrumentation, but the basic external
-      appearance of the dummies remained relatively constant from the mid
-      1950s to the late 1960s. Dummies of these types were most likely the
-      “aliens” associated with the “Roswell Incident.”</p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="center col75">
-        <a id="Fig_21"><img class="illow48" src="images/i_021a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-        <a id="Fig_22"><img class="illow50" src="images/i_021b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">
-        Figs. 21 &amp; 22. Examples of a “Sierra Sam” (<i>left</i>) and
-        Alderson Laboratories anthropomorphic dummies (<i>right</i>) of the type
-        dropped from balloons at off-range locations throughout New Mexico
-        during the 1950s. (<i>U.S. Air Force photos</i>)
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">23</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_1_2">1.2<br />High Altitude Balloon<br />Dummy Drops</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>From 1953 to 1959, anthropomorphic dummies were used by the U.S. Air
-    Force Aero Medical Laboratory as part of the high altitude aircraft
-    escape projects <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> and
-    <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>.<a id="FNanchor_1_42" href="#Footnote_1_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a>
-    The object of these studies was to devise a method to return a pilot
-    or astronaut to earth by parachute, if forced to escape at extreme
-    altitudes.<a id="FNanchor_1_43" href="#Footnote_1_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a></p>
-
-    <div class="figcenter" id="Fig_23">
-      <img class="illow100" src="images/i_023.jpg" alt="" />
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="figright captiont">Fig. 23. Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> anthropomorphic
-      dummy launch, White Sands Proving Ground, N.M., June 11, 1957. (<i>U.S.
-      Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-
-  <p>Anthropomorphic dummies were transported to altitudes up to 98,000 feet
-    by high altitude balloons. The dummies were then released for a period
-    of free-fall while body movements and escape equipment performance were
-    recorded by a variety of instruments. Forty-three high altitude balloon
-    flights carrying 67 anthropomorphic dummies were launched and recovered
-    throughout New Mexico between June 1954 and February 1959.<a id="FNanchor_1_44" href="#Footnote_1_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a>
-    Due to prevailing wind conditions, operational factors and ruggedness of
-    the terrain, the majority of dummies impacted outside the confines
-    of military reservations in eastern New Mexico, near Roswell, and in
-    areas surrounding the Tularosa Valley in south central New Mexico.<a id="FNanchor_1_45" href="#Footnote_1_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a>
-    Additionally, 30 dummies were dropped by aircraft over White Sands
-    Proving Ground, N.M. in 1953. In 1959, 150 dummies were dropped by
-    aircraft over Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio (possibly accounting for
-    alleged alien “sightings” at that location).<a id="FNanchor_1_46" href="#Footnote_1_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a></p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">24</span></p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter" id="Fig_24">
-    <div><b>Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch<br />and Landing Locations</b></div>
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/i_024.jpg" alt="" />
-    <div class="xsmall left">Source: Test records of U.S. Air Force aeromedical project no. 7218,<br />
-      task 71719 (<span class="smcap">High Dive</span>) and project no. 7222, task 71748 (<span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>).</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">25</span></p>
-
-  <p>A number of these launch and recovery locations were in the areas where
-    the “crashed saucer” and “space aliens” were allegedly observed.</p>
-
-  <p>Following the series of dummy tests, a human subject, test pilot Capt.
-    Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., now a retired Colonel, made three parachute
-    jumps from high altitude balloons. Since free-fall tests from these
-    unprecedented altitudes were extremely hazardous, they could not
-    be accomplished by a human until a rigorous testing program using
-    anthropomorphic dummies was completed.</p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="center col75">
-        <a id="Fig_25"><img class="w100" src="images/i_025.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">Fig. 25. “Lord, take care of me now,” were Capt. Joseph
-        W. Kittinger, Jr.’s words as he exited the <span class="smcap">Excelsior III</span>
-        balloon gondola at 102,800 feet on August 16, 1960, over White Sands
-        Proving Ground, N.M. Kittinger’s courageous scientific achievement
-        remains, to this day, the highest parachute jump ever accomplished.
-        (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-    </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">26</span>
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="large center"><b>A Cover-Up?</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>Countering claims of a cover-up, Air Force projects that used
-      anthropomorphic dummies and human subjects were unclassified and
-      widely publicized in numerous newspaper and magazine stories, books,
-      and television reports. These included a book written by test pilot
-      Kittinger, <cite>The Long, Lonely Leap</cite>, another book, <cite>Man High</cite>, by
-      <span class="smcap">Man High</span> Project Scientist, Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC), a
-      feature article in <cite>National Geographic</cite>, and cover stories in <cite>Life</cite>,
-      <cite>Collier’s</cite>, <cite>Popular Mechanics</cite>, and <cite>Time</cite>.<a id="FNanchor_1_47" href="#Footnote_1_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a>
-      A characterization
-      of Kittinger’s record parachute jump even appeared in the adolescent
-      magazine, <cite>MAD</cite>.<a id="FNanchor_1_48" href="#Footnote_1_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a>
-      The intense public interest in <span class="smcap">High Dive</span>,
-      <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and other aero medical projects conducted at
-      Holloman AFB also resulted in a 1956 Twentieth Century Fox full-length
-      motion picture, <cite>On the Threshold of Space</cite> (see <a href="#Page_38">page 38</a>).</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div>
-    <div class="col75">&nbsp;</div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 26. This photo of Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.
-      taken by a remotely operated camera on the <span class="smcap">Excelsior III</span>
-      gondola, was featured in the December 1960 <cite>National Geographic</cite>.
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center">
-    <a id="Fig_26"><img class="illow100" src="images/i_026.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    <div class="link"><a href="#trans_26">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">27</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col70 bt br bl bb pt2 pb2">
-      <div class="center" id="Fig_27">
-        <img class="illow32" src="images/i_027a.jpg" alt="" />
-        <img class="illow32" src="images/i_027b.jpg" alt="" />
-      </div>
-      <div class="center">
-        <img class="illow28" src="images/i_027c.jpg" alt="" />
-      </div>
-      <div class="center">
-        <img class="illow32" src="images/i_027d.jpg" alt="" />
-        <img class="illow32" src="images/i_027e.jpg" alt="" />
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 27. Contemporary magazines that featured experiments at Holloman
-      AFB, N.M. <i>Clockwise from top left</i>, <cite>Time</cite>, September 12, 1955;
-      <cite>Life</cite>, August 29, 1960; <cite>Popular Mechanics Magazine</cite>, (<i>center</i>)
-      January 1951; <cite>Collier’s</cite>, June 25, 1954; and <cite>Life</cite>, September 2,
-      1957.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">28</span></p>
-
-  <h4>Dummy Drop Procedures</h4>
-
-  <p>For the majority of the tests, dummies were flown to altitudes between
-    30,000 and 98,000 feet attached to a specially designed rack suspended
-    below a high altitude balloon.<a id="FNanchor_1_49" href="#Footnote_1_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a>
-    On several flights the dummies
-    were mounted in the door of an experimental high altitude balloon
-    gondola.<a id="FNanchor_1_50" href="#Footnote_1_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a>
-    Upon reaching the desired altitude, the dummies were
-    released and free-fell for several minutes before deployment of the
-    main parachute.</p>
-
-  <div class="figright captiont">Fig. 28. (<i>Left</i>) Witnesses at both flying saucer
-    “crash” sites stated that a “wrecker” was used in the recovery of
-    the “alien” craft. This was a likely reference to the M-342 five-ton
-    wrecker, used to launch and recover anthropomorphic dummies.<br /><br />
-    Fig. 29. (<i>Right</i>) Three tests utilized anthropomorphic
-    dummies mounted in the door of an experimental Project <span class="smcap">High
-      Dive</span> gondola. This launch took place on October 8, 1957, in front
-    of curious onlookers at the public picnic area of White Sands National
-    Monument, N.M. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The dummies used for the balloon drops were outfitted with standard
-    equipment of an Air Force aircrew member. This equipment consisted
-    of a one-piece flightsuit, olive drab, gray (witnesses had described
-    seeing aliens in gray one-piece suits) or fuchsia in color, boots,
-    and a parachute pack.<a id="FNanchor_1_51" href="#Footnote_1_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a>
-    The dummies were also fitted with an<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">29</span>
-    instrumentation kit that contained accelerometers, pressure
-    transducers, an oscillograph, and a camera to record movements of the
-    dummy during free-fall.<a id="FNanchor_1_52" href="#Footnote_1_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt2 clear">
-    <a id="Fig_28"><img class="illow48" src="images/i_028a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    <a id="Fig_29"><img class="illow50" src="images/i_028b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 clear">
-    <a id="Fig_30"><img class="illow100" src="images/i_029.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-  </div>
-  <div class="col75">&nbsp;</div>
-  <div class="caption">Fig. 30. A “Sierra Sam” with <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> Project
-    Officers 1st Lts. Eugene M. Schwartz (<i>left</i>) and Raymond A. Madson
-    (<i>right</i>). This dummy is outfitted in a “sage green” colored flightsuit
-    (a shade of gray) with red tape sealing its neck, wrists, and ankles.
-    (<i>U.S. Air Force</i>)</div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">30</span></p>
-
-  <p>Recoveries of the test dummies were accomplished by personnel from
-    the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch.<a id="FNanchor_1_53" href="#Footnote_1_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a>
-    Typically, eight to twelve
-    civilian and military recovery personnel arrived at the site of an
-    anthropomorphic dummy landing as soon as possible following impact.
-    The recovery crews operated a variety of aircraft and vehicles.
-    These included a wrecker, a six-by-six, a weapons carrier, and L-20
-    observation and C-47 transport aircraft—the exact vehicles and aircraft
-    described by the witnesses as having been present at the crashed saucer
-    locations.<a id="FNanchor_1_54" href="#Footnote_1_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a>
-    On one occasion, just southwest of Roswell, a <span class="smcap">High
-    Dive</span> project officer, 1st Lt. Raymond A. Madson, even conducted a
-    search for dummies on horseback<a id="FNanchor_1_55" href="#Footnote_1_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a>
-    (see statement in <a href="#Appendix_B">Appendix B</a>).</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_31"><img class="w100" src="images/i_030a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 31. An M-35 2½-ton cargo truck, commonly referred
-      to as a “six-by-six,” were used by the Holloman Balloon Branch to
-      launch and recover anthropomorphic dummies and suspension racks at
-      numerous locations throughout New Mexico. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_32"><img class="w100" src="images/i_030b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 32. M-37 ¾-ton utility trucks, known as “weapons
-      carriers,” were used for high altitude balloon recoveries by the
-      Holloman Balloon Branch during the 1950s. Here, recovery technicians
-      use an M-37 to retrieve an Aero Medical gondola from a location on
-      Holloman AFB, N.M. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>To expedite the recoveries, crews were prepositioned with their
-    vehicles along a paved highway in the area where impact was
-    expected.<a id="FNanchor_1_56" href="#Footnote_1_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a>
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">31</span> On a typical flight the dummies were separated from
-    the balloon by radio command and descended by
-    parachute.<a id="FNanchor_1_57" href="#Footnote_1_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> Prompt
-    recovery of the dummies and their suspension racks, which usually
-    did not land in the same location resulting in extensive ground and
-    air searches, was essential for researchers to evaluate information
-    collected by the instrumentation and cameras. To assist the recovery
-    personnel, a variety of methods were used to enhance the visibility
-    of the dummies: smoke grenades, pigment powder, and brightly colored
-    parachute canopies.<a id="FNanchor_1_58" href="#Footnote_1_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a>
-    Also, recovery notices promising a $25 reward
-    were taped to an exposed portion of a dummy.<a id="FNanchor_1_59" href="#Footnote_1_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a>
-    Local newspapers and
-    radio stations were contacted when equipment was lost.<a id="FNanchor_1_60" href="#Footnote_1_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>The Bravest Man</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>America was introduced to Col. John Paul Stapp on December 10,
-      1954, when he became known as both the “the bravest” and “the
-      fastest” man on earth. Stapp earned these titles following a
-      rocket sled test that accelerated him to 632 miles per hour. He
-      reached this speed in just five seconds—faster than a .45 caliber
-      bullet—and was decelerated to a stop in 1.4 seconds, subjecting
-      his body to more than 42 times the force of gravity! While this
-      was America’s introduction to Col. Stapp, the 1954 rocket sled
-      test that examined aircraft restraint devices and human responses
-      to accelerative/decelerative forces and windblast, was just one of
-      many achievements of this legendary Air Force physician.</p>
-
-    <p>Born in Bahia, Brazil to American missionary parents, Stapp sold
-      pots and pans door to door during the Depression while he earned
-      both undergraduate and graduate degrees in zoology and chemistry
-      at Baylor University. He went on to earn a doctorate in biophysics
-      from the University of Texas, and a doctorate in medicine from the
-      University of Minnesota.</p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="col75">
-        <div class="right">
-          <a id="Fig_33"><img class="illow90" src="images/i_031.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">Fig. 33. The first “space doctor,” Lt. Col. John
-        P. Stapp (now a retired Colonel) being strapped into the rocket
-        sled Sonic Wind N<sup>o</sup> 1, on December 10, 1954, at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-        Courageously, Stapp was his own volunteer subject on 29 rocket sled
-        tests and earned two awards of the Legion of Merit and the Cheney
-        Award for valor and self-sacrifice. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-    </div>
-
-    <p>In 1944 Stapp entered the U.S. Army Air Forces and became
-      a flight surgeon. From 1946 to 1963, due to his unique
-      qualifications in biophysics and medicine, he conducted a series
-      of acceleration/deceleration experiments on the high-speed track
-      at Muroc (now Edwards AFB), Calif.,<a id="FNanchor_1_61" href="#Footnote_1_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a>
-      and later at Holloman
-      AFB, N.M. Developments from these and other studies resulted<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">32</span> in
-      innovations which have saved many lives. These included improved
-      safety belt restraint systems and design specifications for
-      aircraft and automobiles, aircraft ejection and emergency escape
-      systems, refinement of automobile airbag systems, and development
-      of the modern anthropomorphic test dummy.</p>
-
-    <p>As commander of the U.S. Air Force Aeromedical Field Laboratory
-      at Holloman AFB, N.M. and later the Aero Medical Laboratory
-      at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, Stapp won support for the Air
-      Force manned high altitude balloons projects—<span class="smcap">Man High</span>
-      and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>. As a testament to his thorough safety
-      preparations, these and other extremely hazardous projects
-      administered by Stapp, did not result in a single debilitating
-      injury to a test subject. These projects helped pave the way for
-      future flights of both high altitude aircraft such as the X-15,
-      and of spacecraft for the <span class="smcap">Mercury</span>, <span class="smcap">Gemini</span>, and
-      <span class="smcap">Apollo</span> programs. In fact, Stapp’s expertise was called
-      upon to assist in the selection of the initial cadre of astronauts,
-      the “<span class="smcap">Mercury</span> Seven.”</p>
-
-    <p>He retired from the Air Force in 1970, but not before amassing a
-      collection of awards and honors. These included two awards of the
-      Legion of Merit for rocket sled experiments, the Cheney Award for
-      1954, and membership in the National Aviation Hall of Fame.</p>
-
-    <p>In association with the Society of Automotive Engineers, Stapp
-      continues to participate in annual conferences in which industry
-      experts assemble to discuss vehicle safety issues. The conferences,
-      now in their 40th year bear his name: the Stapp Car Crash
-      Conferences.</p>
-
-    <p>In 1991, in recognition of a lifetime of unselfish dedication
-      to scientific research, Stapp was awarded the National Medal of
-      Technology, bestowed upon him at the White House by President
-      George Bush.</p>
-
-    <p>He is married to the former Lillian Lanese, a former soloist with
-      the Ballet Theater of New York, and resides in Alamogordo, N.M. At
-      87 years old he continues to maintain a dizzying pace of travel and
-      lectures.</p>
-
-    <p>It is not an exaggeration that virtually every person who has
-      safely operated, or ridden in, an automobile, aircraft, or
-      spacecraft, has benefited from the genius of Col. John Paul Stapp,
-      and owes this brave scientist, physician, and visionary, a great
-      deal of thanks.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right">
-        <a id="Fig_34"><img class="illow36" src="images/i_032.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 34. September 12, 1955 edition of <cite>Time</cite> featuring
-      Col. John P. Stapp and his rocket sled experiments at Holloman AFB, N.M.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">33</span></p>
-
-  <p>Despite these efforts, the dummies were not always recovered
-    immediately; one was not found for nearly three years and several
-    were not recovered at all.<a id="FNanchor_1_62" href="#Footnote_1_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a>
-    When they were found, the dummies and
-    instrumentation were often damaged from impact.<a id="FNanchor_1_63" href="#Footnote_1_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a>
-    Damage to the
-    dummies included loss of heads, arms, legs and fingers.<a id="FNanchor_1_64" href="#Footnote_1_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a>
-    This detail, dummies with missing fingers, appears to satisfy another
-    element of the research profile—aliens with only four fingers.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_35"><img class="w100" src="images/i_033b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">
-      <img class="w100" src="images/i_033a.jpg" alt="" />
-      Fig. 35. Rough treatment and parachute failures during
-      balloon drops often caused damage to the hands of the dummies. This
-      detail, “beings” with “four fingers,” was related by two witnesses as a
-      distinguishing feature of the Roswell aliens. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">34</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_36"><img class="illow38" src="images/i_034a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <a id="Fig_37"><img class="illow30" src="images/i_034b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <a id="Fig_38"><img class="illow30" src="images/i_034c.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Figs. 36–38. Actual photographs of an Alderson
-      Laboratories type anthropomorphic dummy falling away from its
-      suspension rack at high altitude over New Mexico. Fig. 37 (<i>center</i>)
-      appears on the cover of this publication. (<i>U.S. Air Force photos</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_39"><img class="w100" src="images/i_034d.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <div class="link"><a href="#trans_39">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 39. Memo taken from Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span>
-      files explaining the loss of a dummy near Roswell, N.M. in November 1955.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">35</span></p>
-
-  <p>What may have contributed to a misunderstanding if the dummies were
-    viewed by persons unfamiliar with their intended use, were the methods
-    used by Holloman AFB personnel to transport them. The dummies were
-    sometimes transported to and from off-range locations in wooden
-    shipping containers, similar to caskets, to prevent damage to fragile
-    instruments mounted in and on the dummy.<a id="FNanchor_1_65" href="#Footnote_1_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a>
-    Also, canvas military
-    stretchers and hospital gurneys were used (a procedure recommended by a
-    dummy manufacturer) to move the dummies in the laboratory or retrieve
-    dummies in the field after a test.<a id="FNanchor_1_66" href="#Footnote_1_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a>
-    The first 10 dummy drops also
-    utilized black or silver insulation bags, similar to “body bags” in
-    which the dummies were placed for flight to guard against equipment
-    failure at low ambient temperatures of the upper atmosphere.<a id="FNanchor_1_67" href="#Footnote_1_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_40"><img class="w100" src="images/i_035.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 40. Air Force personnel used stretchers and gurneys
-      to pick up 200-pound dummies in the field and to move them in the
-      laboratory. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">36</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_41"><img class="w100" src="images/i_036a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 41. For the first 10 balloon flights, dummies were
-      placed in insulation bags to protect temperature-sensitive equipment.
-      These bags may have been described by at least one witness as “body
-      bags” used to recover alien victims from the crash of a flying saucer.
-      (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>On one occasion northwest of Roswell, a local woman unfamiliar with the
-    test activities arrived at a dummy landing site prior to the arrival of
-    the recovery personnel.<a id="FNanchor_1_68" href="#Footnote_1_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a>
-    The woman saw what appeared to be a human
-    embedded head first in a snowbank and became hysterical. The woman
-    screamed, “He’s dead!, he’s dead!”<a id="FNanchor_1_69" href="#Footnote_1_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a></p>
-
-  <p>It now appeared that anthropomorphic dummies dropped by high altitude
-    balloons satisfied the requirements of the research profile. However,
-    the review of high altitude balloon operations revealed what appeared
-    to be explanations for some other sightings of odd objects in the
-    deserts and skies of New Mexico.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_42"><img class="w100" src="images/i_036b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <div class="link"><a href="#trans_42">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Figs. 42 &amp; 43. These reports detailed the methods and
-      procedures used for the dummy tests. They may be obtained from the
-      National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Va.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">37</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_1_3">1.3<br />High Altitude Balloon Operations</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>Research has shown that many high altitude balloons launched
-    from Holloman AFB, N.M., were recovered in locations, and under
-    circumstances, that strongly resemble those described by UFO proponents
-    as the recovery of a “flying saucer” and “alien” crew. When these
-    descriptions were carefully examined, it was clear that they bore more
-    than just a resemblance to Air Force activities. It appears that some
-    were actually distorted references to Air Force personnel and equipment
-    engaged in scientific study through the use of high altitude balloons.</p>
-
-  <p>Since 1947, U.S. Air Force research organizations at Holloman AFB,
-    N.M., have launched and recovered approximately 2,500 high altitude
-    balloons. The Air Force organization that conducted most of these
-    activities, the Holloman Balloon Branch, launched a wide range of
-    sophisticated, and from most perspectives, odd looking equipment into
-    the stratosphere above New Mexico. In fact, the <b><em>very first</em></b>
-    high altitude data gathering balloon flight launched from Alamogordo
-    Army Airfield (now Holloman AFB), N.M., on June 4, 1947, was found by
-    the rancher and was the first of many unrelated events now collectively
-    known as the “Roswell Incident.”</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_44"><img class="w100" src="images/i_037.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 44. Inflation of a U.S. Air Force 626 ft. long,
-      34.6 million cu. ft. research balloon on August 13, 1972. This balloon
-      was launched from Roswell Industrial Air Center (formerly Roswell AAF),
-      Roswell, N.M., to test components of the NASA <span class="smcap">Viking</span> space
-      probe. (<i>photo by Ole Jorgeson</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">38</span>
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>On the Threshold of Space</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>In 1956, Twentieth Century Fox released <cite>On the Threshold of
-      Space</cite>, a full-length motion picture based on Air Force aero
-      medical projects conducted at Holloman AFB, N.M. Starring Guy
-      Madison, John Hodiak, and Dean Jagger, this drama chronicled
-      the high altitude balloon experiments of projects <span class="smcap">High
-      Dive</span>/<span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and the high-speed track studies
-      conducted by Col. John P. Stapp. Filmed on location at Holloman
-      AFB, Air Force personnel, high altitude balloons, aircraft,
-      vehicles, and other equipment, including the actual anthropomorphic
-      dummies responsible for sightings of aliens, were used in the
-      making of this film.</p>
-
-    <p>In an ironic twist, in 1990 the television program <cite>Unsolved
-      Mysteries</cite>, featured a segment on the Roswell Incident.
-      The program, hosted by actor Robert Stack, depicted a dramatized
-      version of the claims of “aliens,” space ships and mysterious
-      government recovery crews. Interestingly, a review of newspapers
-      from 1956 announcing the Hollywood premiere of <cite>On the Threshold
-      of Space</cite>, listed Stack among the persons scheduled to attend this
-      star-studded event.<a id="FNanchor_1_70" href="#Footnote_1_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a></p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div>
-    <div class="col75">&nbsp;</div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 45. Lobby card of the 1956 Twentieth Century Fox
-      release, <cite>On the Threshold of Space</cite> starring Guy Madison (<i>seated</i>)
-      and Martin Milner (<i>right</i>).
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center">
-    <a id="Fig_45"><img class="illow100" src="images/i_038.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">39</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_46"><img class="w100" src="images/i_039a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 46. Publicity photograph from <cite>On the Threshold
-      of Space</cite> with (<i>from left</i>) Cameron Mitchell, Guy Madison and Dean
-      Jagger. Scenes from the movie clearly depict the actual anthropomorphic
-      dummies described nearly 40 years later as extraterrestrial “aliens.”</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_47"><img class="w100" src="images/i_039b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 47. Col. J. P. Stapp’s historic 1954 rocket sled
-      test was re-created for <cite>On the Threshold of Space</cite> (<i>see <a href="#Fig_33">figure 33</a>, page 31</i>).</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">40</span></p>
-
-  <h4>High Altitude Polyethylene Research Balloons</h4>
-
-  <p>In 1946, as a result of research conducted for project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>,
-    Charles B. Moore, a New York University graduate student working
-    under contract for the U.S. Army Air Forces, made a significant
-    technological discovery: the use of polyethylene for high altitude
-    balloon construction.<a id="FNanchor_1_71" href="#Footnote_1_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> Polyethylene is a lightweight plastic that
-    can withstand stresses of a high altitude environment that differed
-    drastically from, and greatly exceeded, the capabilities of standard
-    rubber weather balloons used previously. Moore’s discovery was a
-    breakthrough in technology. For the first time, scientists were able to
-    make detailed, sustained studies of the upper atmosphere. Polyethylene
-    balloons, first produced in 1947 for Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>, are still
-    widely used today for a host of scientific applications.</p>
-
-  <p>High altitude polyethylene balloons and standard rubber weather
-    balloons differ greatly in size, construction, and utility. The
-    difference between these two types of balloons historically has been
-    the subject of misunderstandings in that the term “weather balloon” is
-    often used to describe both types of balloons.</p>
-
-  <p>High altitude polyethylene balloons are used to transport scientific
-    payloads of several pounds to several tons to altitudes of nearly
-    200,000 feet. Polyethylene balloons do not increase in size and burst
-    with increases in volume as they rise, as do standard rubber weather
-    balloons. They are launched with excess capacity to accommodate the
-    increase in volume. This characteristic of polyethylene balloons makes
-    them substantially more stable than rubber weather balloons and capable
-    of sustained constant level flight, a requirement for most scientific
-    applications.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_48"><img class="w100" src="images/i_040.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 48. Relative sizes of a modern high altitude
-      polyethylene research balloon, an airliner, and a hot-air balloon.
-      Inaccurate characterizations of the giant high altitude research
-      balloons as “weather balloons” (which are typically 15 feet in
-      diameter) has historically been the source of confusion. (<i>courtesy of
-      Mike Smith, Raven Industries</i>)<br /><br />
-      Raven Industries 40 million cubic foot balloon. 450 ft in diameter
-      at 130,000 feet<br /><br />DC-9 airliner 104 ft long<br /><br />
-      Hot-air balloon. 50 ft in diameter
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The initial polyethylene balloons had diameters of only seven feet and
-    carried payloads of five pounds or less.<a id="FNanchor_1_72" href="#Footnote_1_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> As balloon technology
-    advanced, payload capacities and sizes of balloons increased. Modern
-    polyethylene balloons, some as long as several football fields when
-    on<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">41</span> the ground, expand at altitude to volumes large enough to contain
-    many jet airliners. Polyethylene balloons flown by the U.S. Air Force
-    have reached altitudes of 170,000 feet and lifted payloads of 15,000
-    pounds.<a id="FNanchor_1_73" href="#Footnote_1_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a></p>
-
-  <p>During the late 1940’s and 1950’s, a characteristic associated
-    with the large, newly invented, polyethylene balloons, was that
-    they were often misidentified as flying saucers.<a id="FNanchor_1_74" href="#Footnote_1_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> During this
-    period, polyethylene balloons launched from Holloman AFB, generated
-    flying saucer reports on nearly every flight.<a id="FNanchor_1_75" href="#Footnote_1_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> There were so many
-    reports that police, broadcast radio, and newspaper accounts of these
-    sightings were used by Holloman technicians to supplement early balloon
-    tracking techniques.<a id="FNanchor_1_76" href="#Footnote_1_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> Balloons launched at Holloman AFB generated
-    an especially high number of reports due to the excellent visibility
-    in the New Mexico region. Also, the balloons, flown at altitudes
-    of approximately 100,000 feet, were illuminated before the earth
-    during the periods just after sunset and just before sunrise. In this
-    instance, receiving sunlight before the earth, the plastic balloons
-    appeared as large bright objects against a dark sky. Also, with the
-    refractive and translucent qualities of polyethylene, the balloons
-    appeared to change color, size, and shape.</p>
-
-  <p>The large balloons generated UFO reports based on their radar
-    tracks.<a id="FNanchor_1_77" href="#Footnote_1_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> This was due to large metallic payloads that weighed
-    up to several tons and echoed radar returns not usually associated
-    with balloons. In later years, balloons were equipped with altitude
-    and position reporting transponders and strobe lights that greatly
-    diminished the numbers of both visual and radar UFO sightings.</p>
-
-  <p>One classic misidentification of a Holloman balloon that was mistaken
-    for a UFO, was launched on October 27, 1953.<a id="FNanchor_1_78" href="#Footnote_1_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> According to the
-    following account published in a widely distributed 1958 history of
-    Air Force balloon operations, <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations to
-    Research and Development at the Air Force Missile Development Center
-    Holloman Air Force Base, N. Mex. 1947–1958</cite>, a suspected Holloman
-    balloon was tracked both visually and by radar over London, England on
-    November 3, 1953.</p>
-
-  <p>“English accounts of the incident contained such statements as
-    ‘tremendous speed,’ ‘practically motionless,’ ‘circular or spherical
-    and white in color,’ ‘emitting or reflecting a fierce light.’ Altitude
-    was reported as 61,000 feet—and as no research balloon had recently
-    been sent up from Britain, there was ample room for local saucer
-    enthusiasts to claim the ‘unidentified flying object’ as proof of their
-    theories. A much likelier explanation, however, is that this was really
-    the balloon launched from Holloman on 27 October.”<a id="FNanchor_1_79" href="#Footnote_1_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a></p>
-
-  <h4>High Altitude Balloon Payloads</h4>
-
-  <p>Over the years, payloads transported by high altitude polyethylene
-    balloons ranged from simple radio transmitters to anthropomorphic
-    dummies to sophisticated satellite components and NASA interplanetary
-    space probes. Many of these payloads, some of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">42</span> which weighed many tons,
-    were not what someone would typically envision as being associated with
-    a balloon. Examples of payloads flown in New Mexico by Air Force high
-    altitude balloons can be found on <a href="#Page_52">pages 52 and 53</a> at the end of this
-    section.</p>
-
-  <p>Research projects of the late 1940’s and 1950’s conducted at Holloman
-    AFB which began with the Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> flights in June
-    1947, covered a wide spectrum of scientific research. One important
-    experiment in space biology measured the effects of exposure to
-    cosmic ray particles on living tissues.<a id="FNanchor_1_80" href="#Footnote_1_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a> Other projects gathered
-    meteorological data and collected air samples to determine the
-    composition of the atmosphere.<a id="FNanchor_1_81" href="#Footnote_1_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> The first high altitude photographic
-    reconnaissance project, a forerunner to today’s reconnaissance
-    satellites, Project 119L, also used high altitude balloons launched at
-    Holloman AFB.<a id="FNanchor_1_82" href="#Footnote_1_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a></p>
-
-  <p>As early as May 1948, polyethylene balloons coated or laminated with
-    aluminum were flown from Holloman AFB and the surrounding area.<a id="FNanchor_1_83" href="#Footnote_1_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a>
-    Beginning in August 1955, large numbers of these balloons were flown
-    as targets in the development of radar guided air to air missiles.<a id="FNanchor_1_84" href="#Footnote_1_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a>
-    Various accounts of the “Roswell Incident” often described thin,
-    metal-like materials that when wadded into a ball, returned to their
-    original shape. These accounts are consistent with the properties of
-    polyethylene balloons laminated with aluminum. These balloons were
-    typically launched from points west of the White Sands Proving Ground,
-    floated over the range as targets, and descended in the areas northeast
-    of White Sands Proving Ground where the “strange” materials were
-    allegedly found.</p>
-
-  <p>In 1958 the first manned stratospheric balloon flights were made from
-    Holloman AFB (see <a href="#Page_102">page 102</a>). In 1960, balloon tests of components of
-    the first U. S. reconnaissance satellite were also flown at Holloman
-    AFB. In the 1960’s, 70’s, and 80’s high altitude balloons were used
-    in support of Air Force, and other U.S. Government and university
-    sponsored research projects. Instrument testing of atmospheric entry
-    vehicles for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
-    space probes is one prominent example.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_49"><img class="w100" src="images/i_042.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 49. Holloman Balloon Branch personnel prepare a
-      polyethylene balloon laminated with aluminum to serve as a target for
-      radar guided missiles over White Sands Proving Ground, N.M. (<i>U.S. Air
-      Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">43</span>
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="large center"><b>High Altitude Balloons and America’s First Satellite</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>An illustration of the important contributions of the Holloman
-      AFB Balloon Branch, and the necessity for a rapid recovery of a
-      high altitude balloon payload, were evaluations of components of
-      the first U.S. satellite-based reconnaissance system, code named
-      <span class="smcap">Corona</span>.</p>
-
-    <p>The Soviet Union had already beaten the U.S. into space with
-      the launch and orbit of <span class="smcap">Sputnik I</span> on October 4, 1957.
-      The next achievement in the quest for space superiority were
-      the physical recovery of a payload that had been in orbit.<a id="FNanchor_1_85" href="#Footnote_1_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a>
-      The <span class="smcap">Discoverer</span> satellite, the sensor used in the
-      <span class="smcap">Corona</span> program, was to be propelled into orbit and then
-      eject a capsule containing an American flag to enable the U.S. to
-      claim this honor.<a id="FNanchor_1_86" href="#Footnote_1_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a></p>
-
-    <p>The <span class="smcap">Discoverer</span> program had been plagued by failure with
-      10 unsuccessful missions in 1959 and 1960. With the eyes of the
-      nation watching, and the Soviets testing a similar system, more
-      failures could not be tolerated. To test the faulty components of
-      the <span class="smcap"> Discoverer</span>, U.S. Air Force high altitude balloons at
-      Holloman AFB were determined to be the most expedient method of
-      conducting the evaluations.</p>
-
-    <p>In April 1960, <span class="smcap">Discoverer XI</span>, on the launch pad at
-      Vandenberg AFB, Calif., was put into a hold pending results of the
-      balloon tests.<a id="FNanchor_1_87" href="#Footnote_1_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> The first test at Holloman AFB on April 5th was
-      unsatisfactory due to a parachute failure.<a id="FNanchor_1_88" href="#Footnote_1_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> On April 8th, with
-      pressure mounting, the Balloon Branch launched another balloon
-      with the <span class="smcap">Discoverer</span> capsule. This test, in which the
-      capsule was dropped over White Sands Missile Range and recovered
-      immediately, was a total success.<a id="FNanchor_1_89" href="#Footnote_1_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> The results were relayed
-      by telephone from the Balloon Control Center at Holloman AFB to
-      the launch pad at Vandenberg AFB where the countdown resumed.<a id="FNanchor_1_90" href="#Footnote_1_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a>
-      Despite the successful balloon drop, <span class="smcap">Discoverer XI</span> and
-      <span class="smcap">Discoverer XII</span> were failures.<a id="FNanchor_1_91" href="#Footnote_1_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> Therefore, balloon
-      testing continued throughout the summer of 1960.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_50"><img class="illow48" src="images/i_043a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <a id="Fig_51"><img class="illow50" src="images/i_043b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 50. (<i>Left</i>). A Holloman Balloon Branch launch crew
-      prepares a nosecone of the <span class="smcap">Discoverer</span> satellite for a high
-      altitude balloon flight at Holloman AFB, N.M. in April 1960. (<i>U.S. Air
-      Force photo</i>)<br /><br />Fig. 51. (<i>Right</i>). A U.S. Navy helicopter aboard
-      the <cite>USS Haiti Victory</cite> is shown here with the capsule from the
-      <span class="smcap">Discoverer XIII</span> satellite. It was recovered from the Pacific
-      Ocean 330 miles northwest of Hawaii on August 11, 1960. (<i>U.S. Air
-      Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">44</span></p>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>Finally, on August 11, 1960, <span class="smcap">Discoverer XIII</span> successfully
-      ejected a capsule and, amid much fanfare, the first recovery of a
-      manmade object that had orbited the earth was accomplished.<a id="FNanchor_1_92" href="#Footnote_1_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a>
-      This first successful mission of an American satellite, made
-      possible in part by Holloman AFB high altitude balloons, enabled
-      the U.S. to beat the Soviets and claim the honor of the first space
-      recovery by only nine days.<a id="FNanchor_1_93" href="#Footnote_1_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a></p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The <span class="smcap">Surveyor</span> (Moon), <span class="smcap">Voyager-Mars</span> (Mars),
-    <span class="smcap">Viking</span> (Mars), <span class="smcap">Pioneer</span> (Venus), and <span class="smcap">Galileo</span>
-    (Jupiter) spacecraft were tested by Air Force high altitude balloons
-    before they were launched into space.</p>
-
-  <p><b><span class="smcap">Viking</span> and <span class="smcap">Voyager-Mars</span> Space Probes.</b>
-    Examples of unusual payloads, not likely to be associated with
-    balloons, were qualification trials of NASA’s <span class="smcap"> Voyager-Mars</span>
-    and <span class="smcap">Viking</span> space probes. Both of these spacecraft looked
-    remarkably similar to the classic dome-shaped “flying saucer.”</p>
-
-  <p>In 1966–67 and 1972, eight of the UFO lookalikes were launched by the
-    Balloon Branch from the former Roswell Army Air Field (now Roswell
-    Industrial Air Center), N.M.<a id="FNanchor_1_94" href="#Footnote_1_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a> The spacecraft were transported by
-    Air Force balloons to altitudes above 100,000 feet and released for a
-    period of self-propelled, supersonic, free-flight prior to landing on
-    the White Sands Missile Range.<a id="FNanchor_1_95" href="#Footnote_1_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a> While the origins of the “Roswell”
-    scenarios cannot be specifically traced to these vehicles, their
-    flying saucer-like appearance, and the fact that they were launched
-    exclusively from the original “Roswell Incident” location, leaves an
-    impression that perhaps these odd balloon payloads may have played
-    some role in the unclear and distorted stories of at least some of the
-    “Roswell” witnesses.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_52"><img class="w100" src="images/i_044.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 52. A NASA <span class="smcap">Viking</span> space probe is rolled
-      out of its assembly building at Martin Marietta Corporation in Denver,
-      Colo. (<i>NASA</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">45</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center">
-    <a id="Fig_53"><img class="illow44" src="images/i_045a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    <a id="Fig_54"><img class="illow52" src="images/i_045b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_55"><img class="w100" src="images/i_045c.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 53. (<i>Above Left</i>) The aeroshell of a NASA
-      <span class="smcap">Voyager-Mars</span> space probe just prior to launch at Walker AFB,
-      N.M. (formerly Roswell AAF). (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)<br /><br />
-      Fig. 54. (<i>Above Right</i>) This NASA <span class="smcap">Viking</span>
-      flying saucer-like space probe was test flown by U. S. Air Force
-      high altitude balloons in 1972 at the former Roswell Army Air Field. (<i>NASA</i>)<br /><br />
-      Fig. 55. (<i>Left</i>) Following a supersonic test flight
-      in 1972, a <span class="smcap">Viking</span> space probe awaits recovery at White Sands
-      Missile Range, N.M. (<i>NASA</i>)
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><b>Tethered Balloons.</b> The Holloman Balloon Branch, in addition to
-    high altitude research activities, also conducted low altitude tethered
-    balloon flights. It appears that descriptions of these balloons may
-    have become part of the “Roswell Incident.”</p>
-
-  <p>Most standard shaped tethered balloons are readily identified when near
-    the ground or when the tether is visible. Other experimental<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">46</span> tethered
-    balloons are not so easily identified. During the 1960s, Balloon Branch
-    personnel flew experimentally shaped tethered balloons from deep
-    canyons of central New Mexico. To a distant observer, from a vantage
-    point above the canyon rim, where the tether and ground anchors are
-    not visible, an experimental tethered balloon might lead some persons
-    to speculate as to the oddly shaped balloon’s origin and purpose. One
-    design of a low altitude tethered balloon may have inspired at least
-    one account of an “alien” craft. In <cite>The Truth About the UFO Crash at
-    Roswell</cite>, the authors published a drawing of a crashed alien spaceship
-    allegedly based on a drawing given to them by an anonymous witness.<a id="FNanchor_1_96" href="#Footnote_1_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a>
-    When this drawing is compared to a photograph of an experimental
-    tethered balloon flown at Holloman AFB in March 1965, the similarities
-    are undeniable.<a id="FNanchor_1_97" href="#Footnote_1_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> The tethered balloon and the NASA space probes are
-    just two examples of the uncommon technologies that were flown in New
-    Mexico by the Holloman Balloon Branch.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_56"><img class="illow48" src="images/i_046a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <a id="Fig_57"><img class="illow50" src="images/i_046b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 56. (<i>Left</i>) A drawing from a popular UFO book,
-      <cite>The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell</cite>, depicts an alien spacecraft
-      allegedly drawn by an anonymous witness. (<cite>The Truth About the UFO
-      Crash at Roswell</cite>)<br /><br />
-      Fig. 57. (<i>Right</i>) A tethered “Vee” balloon shown here
-      at Holloman AFB, N.M. in March 1965. This experimental balloon, is
-      strikingly similar to the “alien” craft. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>Today, the Air Force maintains a reduced but still highly capable
-    high altitude balloon program at Holloman AFB. The Space and Missile
-    Command, Test and Evaluation Unit (SMC/TE, OL-AC) represents the sole
-    Department of Defense high altitude research balloon capability. The
-    ability of a U.S. Air Force high altitude balloon to lift a scientific
-    payload to more than 100,000 feet, above 99 per cent of the earth’s
-    atmosphere, for days at a time, presents a profoundly useful scientific
-    tool at a fraction of the cost of a space research platform. Recent
-    tests that utilized Holloman balloons included atmospheric sampling
-    and gravity measurement experiments, high altitude astronomic studies,
-    weapons systems evaluations, and gamma ray detection experiments. While
-    most tests continue to be launched from the permanent<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">47</span> balloon launch
-    facility at Holloman AFB, U.S. Air Force balloon crews have recently
-    launched balloons from numerous field locations in the U.S. (including
-    two sites in Roswell), as well as Alaska, Panama, and Antarctica.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_58"><img class="w100" src="images/i_047.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 58. Present members of the Holloman Balloon Branch
-      in front of the Balloon Operations Center, Building 850, at Holloman
-      AFB, N.M., (<i>from left</i>) TSgt. Roger J. Welch, Mr. Joseph Fumerola, Mr.
-      Alvin W. Hodges, Mr. Joseph Longshore, MSgt. Ray A. Pitts, Sr., Amn.
-      John Witkop, and Mr. Harvey L. Harris. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <h4>Balloon and Payload Recoveries</h4>
-
-  <p>UFO theorists support their claims of an extraordinary occurrence in
-    the New Mexico desert by describing mysterious U.S. military personnel,
-    operating a variety of vehicles and aircraft that always seem to
-    arrive shortly after the crash of a “flying saucer.” When carefully
-    scrutinized, the descriptions of the mystery crews, their equipment,
-    methods, and the areas where the recoveries allegedly occurred—in
-    targeted high altitude balloon recovery areas—indicates that Holloman
-    Balloon Branch activities were most likely responsible for the claims.</p>
-
-  <p>To successfully recover high altitude balloons, balloon recovery
-    technicians regularly ventured far from Holloman AFB. In most instances
-    the balloons and their scientific payloads were recovered from
-    predetermined recovery areas. These regularly targeted areas, located
-    in Arizona, West Texas, and New Mexico, included the area surrounding
-    Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_1_98" href="#Footnote_1_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> From 1947 to the present, the Roswell area has been the
-    site of hundreds of balloon and payload recoveries (including those
-    that carried anthropomorphic dummies).<a id="FNanchor_1_99" href="#Footnote_1_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The regularly targeted areas were the result of the evolution of high
-    altitude balloon control techniques developed at Holloman AFB. These
-    techniques were based on meteorological, geographical, and operational
-    conditions that exist in New Mexico. These factors, combined with ample
-    amounts of skill and experience of balloon controllers at Holloman AFB,
-    determined the impact points of Holloman high altitude balloons.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">48</span></p>
-
-  <p>Many of the procedures used to position Air Force balloons are
-    described in <cite>General Philosophy and Techniques of Balloon Control</cite>,
-    and <cite>Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level Balloon Operations in
-    the Southwestern United States</cite>, both by Bernard D. Gildenberg (see
-    statement in <a href="#Appendix_B">Appendix B</a>).<a id="FNanchor_1_100" href="#Footnote_1_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a> Gildenberg served as the Holloman
-    Balloon Branch Meteorologist, Engineer, and Physical Science
-    Administrator from 1951 until 1981. During this period, Gildenberg, a
-    recognized world expert in upper atmospheric wind patterns, pioneered
-    methods to launch, control, track, and recover high altitude balloons.
-    Many of these methods are still used today by the U.S. Air Force and by
-    research organizations throughout the world.</p>
-
-  <h4>Interaction with Civilians</h4>
-
-  <p>In several accounts, unsubstantiated allegations have been made
-    that military personnel who retrieved equipment from rural areas of
-    New Mexico intimidated and threatened civilians. Contrary to these
-    charges, Balloon Branch personnel enjoyed good relations with the
-    local community and often solicited their assistance in the area of a
-    balloon or payload<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">49</span> landing. In the flat, featureless desert areas of
-    southeastern New Mexico near Roswell, the parachutes, payloads, the
-    balloons themselves, and circling chase aircraft often drew crowds of
-    curious onlookers from the local community. In fact, so many civilians
-    were often present at balloon or payload landing sites, the scene was
-    described by longtime civilian Balloon Branch recovery supervisor,
-    Robert Blankenship, as being like the “circus coming to town.”<a id="FNanchor_1_101" href="#Footnote_1_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_59"><img class="w100" src="images/i_048.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 59. Bernard D. “Duke” Gildenberg (<i>center</i>) Balloon
-      Branch Meteorologist, is shown here in May 1957 in front of the
-      <span class="smcap">Man High I</span> gondola. With Gildenberg are <span class="smcap">Man High I</span>
-      pilot Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. (<i>left</i>), and <span class="smcap">Man High</span>
-      project scientist/pilot, Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC). When Gildenberg
-      attempted to inform UFO theorists that high altitude balloon projects
-      were likely responsible for some of the UFO claims, his explanations
-      were rejected, <i>See also</i> <a href="#Page_9">pages 8 &amp; 9</a>. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>Allegations that civilians were threatened or told to “forget what they
-    saw” are profoundly inaccurate. Threats, intimidation, or other types
-    of misconduct by Balloon Branch personnel would have served no purpose
-    since without the cooperation of local persons, many recoveries would
-    not have been possible.<a id="FNanchor_1_102" href="#Footnote_1_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Most balloon recoveries were coordinated in advance with local
-    law enforcement agencies.<a id="FNanchor_1_103" href="#Footnote_1_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> If a balloon or payload landed on
-    private property and the owner could not be located, Balloon Branch
-    operating instructions dictated that the local sheriff or police
-    must be contacted.<a id="FNanchor_1_104" href="#Footnote_1_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a> In situations where local persons arrived at
-    balloon landing sites before the recovery crews, they were simply
-    asked to “step back” to allow recovery personnel to secure the
-    balloon equipment.<a id="FNanchor_1_105" href="#Footnote_1_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a> If these persons inquired as to the purpose
-    of a balloon flight, they were informed by technicians that it was a
-    U.S. Air Force scientific study and were given a telephone number at
-    Holloman AFB if they required additional information. At Holloman AFB,
-    individuals qualified to answer detailed questions responded to these<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">50</span>
-    inquiries. There was never a reason to mislead or threaten individuals
-    who observed balloon operations. Relations with local citizens were
-    good, and Balloon Branch personnel and equipment were a common sight to
-    residents in areas with high incidences of balloon operations.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_60"><img class="w100" src="images/i_049.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 60. (<i>Right</i>) This ranch family assisted in the
-      recovery of a Project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> high altitude balloon payload
-      and is shown here with a panel from the unmanned gondola. (<i>U.S. Air
-      Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>In a few instances, situations arose when persons not familiar with the
-    procedures and equipment used by the Balloon Branch misunderstood their
-    activities. Such misunderstandings occurred several times during the
-    1970s and 1980s when recovery crews not only attracted the attention of
-    local citizens while coordinating balloon recoveries, but also drew the
-    attention of federal law enforcement agencies.<a id="FNanchor_1_106" href="#Footnote_1_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Checks with the local sheriff revealed that the trucks and circling
-    aircraft in the desert near Roswell were part of a balloon recovery
-    mission, and not a drug smuggling operation. Apparently, balloon
-    recoveries appeared to be something suspicious even to federal agents.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_61"><img class="w100" src="images/i_050a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 61. A typical Holloman Balloon Branch recovery crew
-      is shown here with a man known as “The hermit” who assisted them in a
-      balloon recovery northwest of Silver City, N.M. in the 1960s. (<i>photo
-      collection of Robert Blankenship</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_62"><img class="w100" src="images/i_050b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 62. A mule (named Ida) was borrowed from a local
-      rancher when a balloon payload landed in difficult terrain 20 miles
-      north of Wickenburg, Ariz. in October 1966. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">51</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_63"><img class="w100" src="images/i_051a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 63. On occasion, Air Force balloon recovery crews
-      rented or borrowed equipment from local residents. This bulldozer was
-      rented for one recovery in the Sacramento mountains west of Roswell.
-      (<i>photo collection of Robert Blankenship</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_64"><img class="w100" src="images/i_051b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 64. Balloon Branch vehicle at roadside café.
-      This M-43 ¾-ton field ambulance, converted by the Holloman Balloon
-      Branch into a communications vehicle, was a common sight in the
-      areas surrounding Roswell during the 1950s and early 1960s. (<i>photo
-      collection of Ole Jorgeson</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">52</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_65"><img class="w100" src="images/i_052a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Figs. 65 &amp; 66. Examples of unusual payloads flown by Air
-      Force high altitude balloons at Holloman AFB, N.M. (<i>U.S. Air Force
-      photos</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="center col75">
-    <a id="Fig_66"><img class="w100" src="images/i_052b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">53</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_67"><img class="illow52" src="images/i_053a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <a id="Fig_68"><img class="illow46" src="images/i_053b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 67. (<i>Left</i>) This U.S. Army communications payload
-      was flown at Holloman AFB, N.M. on September 30, 1976. (<i>U.S. Army
-      photo</i>)<br /><br />Fig. 68. (<i>Right</i>) Payload launched by an Air Force
-      high altitude balloon from Holloman AFB, N. M. on March 20, 1965. This
-      payload was a scientific experiment for The Johns Hopkins University
-      Astrophysics Laboratory. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_69"><img class="w100" src="images/i_053c.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 69. High altitude balloon payload launched from
-      Holloman AFB on September 14, 1976. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">55</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_1_4">1.4<br />Comparison of Witnesses<br />Accounts to U.S. Air Force Activities</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>Were they aliens or dummies? This question can be answered by comparing
-    witness testimony and the Air Force projects of the 1950s, <span class="smcap">High
-    Dive</span> and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>. Both of these projects employed
-    anthropomorphic dummies flown by high altitude balloons and appeared to
-    satisfy the requirements of the previously established research profile:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>a.</b></i> An activity that if viewed from a distance would appear unusual.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>b.</b></i> An activity for which the exact date was not likely to have
-    been known because many dummies were dropped over a six-year period
-    (1953–1959).</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>c.</b></i> An activity that took place in many areas of rural New Mexico.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>d.</b></i> An activity that involved a type of aerial vehicle with
-    dummies that had four fingers, were bald and wore one-piece gray
-    suits.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><i><b>e.</b></i> An activity that required recovery by numerous military
-    personnel and an assortment of vehicles that included a wrecker, a
-    six-by-six, and a weapons carrier.</p>
-
-  <p>The testimony used in the following comparison, an undocumented mixture
-    of firsthand and secondhand re-countings, are the actual statements,
-    not the interpretations of UFO proponents, that are presented to
-    “prove” the Earth was visited by extraterrestrial beings and the U.S.
-    Air Force has covered up this fact since 1947. This comparison is
-    augmented by references to photographs whenever possible to illustrate
-    the undeniable similarities between the descriptions provided by the
-    witnesses and the equipment and methods employed by the Air Force
-    projects.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_70"><img class="w100" src="images/i_055.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 70. Project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> anthropomorphic
-      dummy launch. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">56</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center sans mt5">
-    <span class="xlarge"><b>“Crash” Site 1</b></span><br />
-    <span class="large"><b>(Allegedly North of Roswell)</b></span>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>This summarized account is the basis for the alleged “flying saucer”
-    crash site north of Roswell.* The exact location is not known since
-    the witness, Mr. James Ragsdale, in two separate sworn statements, has
-    described two different sites, many miles apart.<a id="FNanchor_1_107" href="#Footnote_1_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a> This account was
-    excerpted from an interview with Mr. Ragsdale by author Donald Schmitt.
-    A transcript of the complete interview is included in <a href="#Appendix_C">Appendix C</a>.</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* In <cite>The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell</cite> (Avon Books,
-    1994, p. 131), the authors provided a corroborating account for this
-    testimony from a 96-year-old man who was in ill health, whose interview
-    was not tape recorded, and has since died. According to the book,
-    the man’s “wife and daughter said that he was easily confused” and
-    “memories of his life were jumbled and reordered.”</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <h4>The Account</h4>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>James Ragsdale</b></div>
-
-  <p>“<em>They was using dummies in those damned things</em>”<a id="FNanchor_1_108" href="#Footnote_1_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Testimony attributed to Ragsdale, who is deceased, states that he and
-    a friend were camping one evening and saw something fall from the sky.
-    The next morning, when they went to investigate, they saw a crash site:</p>
-
-  <p>“One part [of the craft] was kind of buried in the ground and one part
-    of it was sticking our [out] of the ground.” “I’m sure that [there] was
-    bodies ... either bodies or dummies.” “The federal government could
-    have been doing something they didn’t want anyone to know what this
-    was. They was using dummies in those damned things ... they could use
-    remote control ... but it was either dummies or bodies or something
-    laying there. They looked like bodies. They were not very long ...
-    [not] over four or five foot long at the most.” “We didn’t see their
-    faces or nothing like that ... we had just gotten to the site and the
-    Army ... and all [was] coming and we got into a damned jeep and took off.”</p>
-
-  <p>This testimony then describes an assortment of military vehicles used
-    to recover the “bodies”: “It was two or three six-by-six Army trucks a
-    wrecker and everything. Leading the pack was a ’47 Ford car with guys
-    in it.... It was six or eight big trucks besides the pickup, weapons
-    carriers and stuff like that.” Ragsdale also said that before he left
-    the area he observed the military personnel “gathering stuff up” and
-    “they cleaned everything all up.”</p>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>Assessment</b></div>
-
-  <p>In his testimony, Ragsdale made numerous references to
-    equipment, vehicles, and procedures consistent with documented
-    anthropomorphic dummy recoveries for projects <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> and
-    <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>. The repeated use of the term “dummy” and the
-    witness’ own admission that “they was using dummies in those damned
-    things” and “I’m sure that was bodies ... either bodies or dummies”
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">57</span> leaves little doubt that what he described was an anthropomorphic
-    dummy recovery.</p>
-
-  <p>Based on testimony attributed to this witness, the confusion could
-    have resulted from the fact that he observed these activities from a
-    distance. If the witness was even a short distance from the odd looking
-    anthropomorphic dummies, it would be logical for him to believe, when
-    interviewed 35 to 40 years after the event, that he “thought they were
-    dummies or bodies or something.” Also, for some of the high altitude
-    drops, the dummies did not separate from the suspension rack and
-    “rode the rack” to the ground without deployment of a parachute.<a id="FNanchor_1_109" href="#Footnote_1_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a>
-    If the parachutes of the dummies or parachutes of the rack assembly
-    did not deploy (a common occurrence during the early dummy drops),
-    then they free-fell from up to 98,000 feet.<a id="FNanchor_1_110" href="#Footnote_1_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a> As a result of these
-    malfunctions, the arms and legs of the dummies were often separated
-    from the body on impact.<a id="FNanchor_1_111" href="#Footnote_1_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a> This may account for the witness’
-    description of bodies [not] “over four or five foot” tall.</p>
-
-  <p>Another portion of his testimony suggesting that the witness observed
-    an Air Force high altitude balloon and dummy recovery was the
-    statement: “The federal government could have been doing something
-    because they didn’t want anyone to know what this was ... they was
-    using dummies in those damned things ... they could use remote
-    control.” Balloon controllers used remote control to relay commands to
-    the balloon control package to valve gas and drop ballast.<a id="FNanchor_1_112" href="#Footnote_1_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a> The
-    dummies themselves were also dropped from the suspension rack by remote
-    control.<a id="FNanchor_1_113" href="#Footnote_1_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_71"><img class="w100" src="images/i_057.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 71. Numerous vehicles and various types
-      of equipment, were often present at high altitude balloon and
-      anthropomorphic dummy launch and recovery locations. (photo collection
-      of Ole Jorgeson)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The witness also described a Balloon Branch procedure that required the
-    area of a balloon or payload landing to be restored to its original
-    condition. It was evident in the statements “They cleaned everything
-    all up” and “They began gathering the stuff up.” Thoroughly cleaning
-    a balloon or dummy landing site and removing any debris<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">58</span> deposited
-    there was a standard procedure to maintain good community relations and
-    avoid legal claims that could arise over property damages or livestock
-    losses.<a id="FNanchor_1_114" href="#Footnote_1_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a> Cattle were known to ingest scraps of polyethylene balloon
-    material that sometimes littered entire fields following a balloon
-    failure or flight termination.<a id="FNanchor_1_115" href="#Footnote_1_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The military vehicles described were also consistent with recovery
-    and communications vehicles used during the 1950s to retrieve
-    anthropomorphic dummies and suspension racks.<a id="FNanchor_1_116" href="#Footnote_1_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a> The witness stated
-    he saw a “wrecker,” a “six-by-six,” a “weapons carrier,” a “’47 Ford
-    car,” and a “pickup.” The “wrecker” was most likely a M-342 5-ton
-    wrecker that was assigned to the Balloon Branch for launch and recovery
-    operations.<a id="FNanchor_1_117" href="#Footnote_1_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a> Other vehicles described were also the type used to
-    launch and recover anthropomorphic dummies. The “six-by-six” is a
-    likely reference to a M-35 2½-ton cargo truck; “weapons carriers” were
-    the common name of a Dodge M-37 ¾-ton utility truck. References to
-    “the pickup” and a “’47 Ford car,” were likely descriptions of other
-    civilian and military vehicles often present at high altitude balloon
-    launch and recovery locations.</p>
-
-  <div class="center sans mt5">
-    <span class="xlarge"><b>“Crash” Site 2</b></span><br />
-    <span class="large"><b>(Allegedly 175 miles Northwest of Roswell)</b></span>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>This purported flying saucer “crash” site is allegedly 175 miles
-    northwest of Roswell in an area of New Mexico known as the San Agustin
-    Plains.<a id="FNanchor_1_118" href="#Footnote_1_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a> The contention that a flying saucer crashed at this
-    location and was recovered by the U.S. military is supported by three
-    principal testimonies, two secondhand and one firsthand.</p>
-
-  <h4>The Secondhand Accounts</h4>
-
-  <p>These accounts were related by Mr. Vern Maltais and Ms. Alice Knight,
-    who were acquainted with the alleged original eyewitness, Mr. Grady
-    L. Barnett, who is deceased. Unless otherwise noted, the following
-    statements appeared on footage used to prepare a video, <cite>Recollections
-    of Roswell Part II</cite>, by The Fund for UFO Research (see <a href="#Appendix_C">Appendix C</a>).</p>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>Alice Knight</b></div>
-
-  <p>“<em>I don’t recall the date</em>”<a id="FNanchor_1_119" href="#Footnote_1_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a></p>
-
-  <p>“I don’t remember whether it was before my husband and I were married
-    or after, I don’t recall the date. But he [the eyewitness] saw a UFO
-    fall ... and he got nearly to the site ... but they got nearly up to
-    the UFO but it was close enough that you could see some creatures.
-    He said they didn’t look like human beings out there. And along came
-    government cars and trucks. I guess it was government. You know it was
-    a long time ago ... and they told him to go on back and forget that
-    they ever saw anything, and that’s all I recall.”</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">59</span></p>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>Assessment</b></div>
-
-  <p>This brief testimony suggests that the witness did not know the date
-    of this event. It also appears that the “creatures” were seen from a
-    distance, as evidenced by the statement, “They got nearly up to the
-    UFO but it was close enough that you could see some creatures.” The
-    testimony also seems consistent with a description of anthropomorphic
-    dummies as the witness stated they “didn’t look like human beings.”</p>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>Vern Maltais</b></div>
-
-  <p>“<em>Their heads were hairless ... no eyebrows, no eyelashes, no hair</em>”<a id="FNanchor_1_120" href="#Footnote_1_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a></p>
-
-  <p>This secondhand witness alleged that the eyewitness told him he
-    observed “beings” from a “flying saucer that had burst open” that were
-    “about three and a half to four feet tall, very slim ... their heads
-    were hairless, with no eyebrows, no eyelashes, no hair” with “sort of
-    a pear-shaped head.” He also related that “the beings were ... not
-    exactly like human beings ... similar but not exactly.” He described
-    that the hands of the beings “were not covered” ... and [they] only had
-    “four fingers.” He also related that the clothing of the beings was
-    “one-piece and gray in color”.<a id="FNanchor_1_121" href="#Footnote_1_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a> The witness concluded that “As they
-    [the witnesses] were just starting to look things over really closely,
-    the military moved in and gave them a briefing to not say anything
-    about it.”</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_72"><img class="w100" src="images/i_059.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 72. “Their heads were hairless ... no eyebrows, no
-      eyelashes, no hair,” a likely description of Alderson Laboratories type
-      anthropomorphic dummy. These Alderson dummies, of the same type used
-      for Projects <span class="smcap">High Dive</span>/<span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, were used to test
-      NASA’s <span class="smcap">Apollo</span> spacecraft three-man couch at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-      in 1965. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>Assessment</b></div>
-
-  <p>This description of events also indicates that the eyewitness
-    apparently did not closely examine the scene and was “just starting
-    to look things over” when the military arrived. As with the previous
-    testimony, from a distance the dummies were likely to look, as
-    described by the witness, “not exactly like humans ... similar but not
-    exactly.” The description of the flying saucer that had “burst open”
-    is a likely description of the dummy suspension rack that was open on
-    the sides (see figures <a href="#Fig_74">74</a>, <a href="#Fig_75">75</a>, <a href="#Fig_76">76</a>). The detailed descriptions of the
-    “beings” as “about three and a half to four feet tall, very slim in
-    stature ... their heads were hairless, with no eyebrows, no eyelashes,
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">60</span>
-    no hair,” with “hands that were not covered” and “had only four
-    fingers,” is a likely description of an Alderson Research Laboratories
-    model anthropomorphic dummy. The head of the Alderson dummy was “bald”
-    and the area of the eyebrows protruded but had no “hair” (see figure
-    <a href="#Fig_72">72</a>). Also, a distinguishing feature of the Alderson dummy, unlike the
-    Sierra dummy, was that it had individual fingers not covered by gloves
-    that were often damaged during the tests resulting in the loss of
-    fingers (see figures <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>, <a href="#Fig_73"></a>73, <a href="#Fig_75"></a>75).</p>
-
-  <p>Due to the secondhand nature of these accounts, even UFO theorists were
-    not convinced that this “incident” actually occurred. Corroborating
-    testimony of a firsthand witness was necessary to verify these claims.
-    The firsthand testimony is examined next.</p>
-
-  <h4>The Firsthand Account</h4>
-
-  <p>This testimony became part of the Roswell Incident in 1990 following an
-    episode of the television program <cite>Unsolved Mysteries</cite>.<a id="FNanchor_1_122" href="#Footnote_1_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a> Following
-    a dramatized re-creation on the program, persons with information
-    concerning this event were encouraged to call a special toll free
-    telephone number.</p>
-
-  <p>From the outset, some UFO theorists were skeptical of this testimony
-    due to the amount of detail provided from the witness who was only five
-    years old in 1947. In fact, UFO organizations sponsored a conference
-    in February 1992 to evaluate the testimony for authenticity.<a id="FNanchor_1_123" href="#Footnote_1_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a>
-    The witness was asked to take a polygraph examination, which he
-    passed.<a id="FNanchor_1_124" href="#Footnote_1_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a> Many UFO enthusiasts remained skeptical of the claims and
-    denounced this testimony as “no more than a fabrication.”<a id="FNanchor_1_125" href="#Footnote_1_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Unless otherwise noted, two sources of testimony attributed to the
-    witness have been used in this examination; interviews used to prepare
-    the video <cite>Recollections of Roswell Part II</cite> by the Fund for UFO
-    Research (see <a href="#Appendix_C">Appendix C</a>) and <cite>Crash at Corona</cite> by Don Berliner and
-    Stanton Friedman (passages from this book were used only when exact
-    quotations of the witness were indicated).</p>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>Gerald Anderson</b></div>
-
-  <p>“<em>I thought they were plastic dolls ... I didn’t think they were real</em>”<a id="FNanchor_1_126" href="#Footnote_1_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Anderson related that as a five-year-old boy on an outing with his
-    family in west central New Mexico, they stumbled upon the crash of
-    some type of aerial vehicle.<a id="FNanchor_1_127" href="#Footnote_1_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a> When he first saw the craft he
-    thought it was a “blimp.”<a id="FNanchor_1_128" href="#Footnote_1_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a> According to Anderson he “didn’t really
-    get very close,”<a id="FNanchor_1_129" href="#Footnote_1_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a> but thought he saw four bandaged crewmembers
-    and at first he “thought they were plastic dolls.”<a id="FNanchor_1_130" href="#Footnote_1_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a> He also
-    described attempts by persons in his party to communicate with one
-    of the “crewmembers.”<a id="FNanchor_1_131" href="#Footnote_1_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a> Soon after, other civilians arrived (some
-    wearing pith helmets) followed by military personnel in an assortment
-    of vehicles and aircraft commanded by a “redheaded captain.”<a id="FNanchor_1_132" href="#Footnote_1_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a> The
-    military personnel, after “screaming and hollering” at the civilians
-    “this is a military secret,”<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">61</span> started a recovery operation of the alien
-    craft and crew.<a id="FNanchor_1_133" href="#Footnote_1_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a> Anderson also recalled that the military personnel
-    threatened some of the civilians with imprisonment or death before
-    escorting them out of the area.<a id="FNanchor_1_134" href="#Footnote_1_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="large"><b>Assessment</b></div>
-
-  <p>Anderson’s choice of the terms “blimp” to describe the crashed vehicle,
-    and “dolls” to describe the “crew,” strongly suggests that a balloon
-    with an anthropomorphic dummy payload was the foundation for this
-    testimony. He also provided an abundance of supporting details that
-    accurately described vehicles, aircraft, equipment, and procedures
-    used by the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch to launch and recover
-    anthropomorphic dummies.</p>
-
-  <p>An aspect of this testimony that is not accurate is the alleged threats
-    and intimidation of civilians by military personnel. The use of such
-    heavy-handedness was not a tactic used by the Air Force. A careful
-    review of official records and interviews with numerous persons
-    who actively participated in and were responsible for the conduct
-    of Air Force members on high altitude balloon recovery operations
-    revealed that these allegations are untrue.<a id="FNanchor_1_135" href="#Footnote_1_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a> Additionally, the
-    witness alleges that the military personnel were “screaming and
-    hollering” “this is a military secret.”<a id="FNanchor_1_136" href="#Footnote_1_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a> This statement might lead
-    uninitiated persons to believe that the witness observed something
-    highly classified and that by telling everyone present that it was a
-    “military secret” would somehow help it to remain so. However, logic
-    dictates that if something was classified “screaming and hollering”
-    it was “secret,” would compromise it and not serve to protect its
-    classification. This application of logic, combined with the fact that
-    the launch and recovery of anthropomorphic dummies was unclassified,
-    widely publicized, and often observed by local civilians, indicates
-    that the witness’ recollections are in error. There was never a reason
-    to disrespect, “scream,” “holler,” or forbid any person from talking
-    about the launch or recovery of anthropomorphic dummies.</p>
-
-  <p><b>The “Crewmembers.”</b> The statement “I thought they were plastic
-    dolls” seems an odd choice of words to describe an extraterrestrial
-    being and is a likely reference to an anthropomorphic dummy whose
-    skin was made of plastic.<a id="FNanchor_1_137" href="#Footnote_1_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a> This description is similar to that
-    of the sole witness of the other crash site, north of Roswell, who
-    described the “aliens” as “dummies.”<a id="FNanchor_1_138" href="#Footnote_1_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a> Other references provided
-    by this witness further indicate that anthropomorphic dummies were
-    the basis for these descriptions. The heads of the “crewmembers” were
-    described as “completely bald” with “no visible ears ... just a rise
-    ... and then a hole.”<a id="FNanchor_1_139" href="#Footnote_1_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a> This is an accurate description of Alderson
-    Research Laboratories model dummies that did not have “hair” and had
-    either plastic “ears” molded to the head or a circular opening where
-    a “demountable ear” or additional instrumentation was attached (see
-    <a href="#Fig_22">figure 22</a>).<a id="FNanchor_1_140" href="#Footnote_1_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a> The statement “they didn’t have a little finger,”<a id="FNanchor_1_141" href="#Footnote_1_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a>
-    a detail very similar to one provided by another witness, also appears
-    to be a description of dummies manufactured by Alderson Laboratories
-    that were often damaged during the balloon tests resulting in the loss
-    of fingers.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">62</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_73"><img class="w100" src="images/i_062a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 73. “Some kind of container, a metal box,” was
-      described as laying on the ground near the alleged aliens. This appears
-      to be a reference to boxes containing electrical components of the
-      remote controlled systems positioned on the top of the dummy suspension
-      rack. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_74"><img class="w100" src="images/i_062b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 74. “They looked like they had some sort of
-      bandages on ’em ... over his ... arm ... around his midsection and
-      partially over his shoulder”—witness description of tape and nylon
-      webbing used to prevent arms and legs from flailing, and parachute
-      harness that had chest and shoulder straps. Tape was also used to
-      secure the removable back plate of the head (<i>also see figs. <a href="#Fig_29">29</a>, <a href="#Fig_30">30</a>,
-      <a href="#Fig_73">73</a>, <a href="#Fig_75">75</a></i>). (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The assertion that “they were all wearing one-piece suits ... a shiny
-    silverish-gray color,” “trimmed in ... maroon-like cording”<a id="FNanchor_1_142" href="#Footnote_1_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a> is
-    a likely reference to a standard issue, gray, Air Force flightsuit
-    used to outfit the dummies and red duct-type tape used in the tests
-    that prevented air from filling the flightsuit (see fig. 30).<a id="FNanchor_1_143" href="#Footnote_1_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a> The
-    recollection that “crewmembers” had “bandages”<a id="FNanchor_1_144" href="#Footnote_1_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a> on their bodies
-    were likely references to tape and nylon webbing used to prevent
-    flailing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">63</span> of a dummy’s arms and legs during tests.<a id="FNanchor_1_145" href="#Footnote_1_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a> A reference to
-    a bandage “around his [the crewmember’s] midsection and partially over
-    his shoulder”<a id="FNanchor_1_146" href="#Footnote_1_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a> is a likely reference to the standard B-4 or B-5
-    parachute with chest and shoulder straps worn by the dummies.<a id="FNanchor_1_147" href="#Footnote_1_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_75"><img class="w100" src="images/i_063a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 75. “Its uniform was torn in a couple spots ...
-      their uniforms were in pretty sad shape”—witnesses description of
-      secondhand flightsuits that were used repeatedly on tests; tears and
-      other damage were common. In this photo, 1st Lt. Raymond A. Madson
-      “rigs” a dummy to its suspension rack for project <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> at
-      Holloman AFB, N.M. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_76"><img class="w100" src="images/i_063b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 76. A witness described at least one person at a
-      “crash” site wearing a pith helmet. In the 1950s, the pith helmet was
-      part of the Air Force uniform and was often worn on balloon launches
-      and recoveries. In this publicity photo from <cite>On the Threshold of
-      Space</cite>, Air Force members at Holloman AFB who were extras in the film
-      can be seen wearing pith helmets. (<i>also see <a href="#Fig_49">figure 49</a></i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">64</span></p>
-
-  <p><b>The “Craft.”</b> In what appears to be a clear reference to a
-    balloon, was that when he saw the crashed vehicle he “thought it was
-    a blimp.”<a id="FNanchor_1_148" href="#Footnote_1_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a> Additional descriptions of cables that “went from one
-    kind of a package of components to another kind of package” and a
-    “metal box” were likely references to the balloon control package that
-    was positioned on top of the dummy suspension rack.<a id="FNanchor_1_149" href="#Footnote_1_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a> A further
-    reference to a balloon payload is the statement that on a hot New
-    Mexico day the crashed vehicle was “ice cold, it felt like it just
-    came out of the freezer.”<a id="FNanchor_1_150" href="#Footnote_1_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a> This accurately describes a physical
-    condition known as “cold soaking” common to high altitude payloads
-    that had recently been exposed to sub-zero temperatures of the upper
-    atmosphere.</p>
-
-  <p><b>Military Aircraft.</b> The witness also described two aircraft of
-    the same type used for anthropomorphic dummy recoveries as having been
-    involved in the activity he witnessed. One aircraft was described as
-    a “C-47” and another as an “observation aircraft ... a high-winged
-    aircraft.”<a id="FNanchor_1_151" href="#Footnote_1_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a> These were a C-47 and a L-20 aircraft used extensively
-    by the Balloon Branch during the mid 1950s for tracking and recovering
-    anthropomorphic dummy<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">65</span> balloon flights.<a id="FNanchor_1_152" href="#Footnote_1_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> This testimony also
-    described aircraft that were typically overhead during a recovery and
-    an established procedure of landing on a rural road or in a field to
-    reach isolated balloon launch or recovery locations.<a id="FNanchor_1_153" href="#Footnote_1_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_77"><img class="w100" src="images/i_064a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 77. “An observation aircraft ... a high-winged
-      aircraft”—a witness’s probable reference to a U.S. Air Force L-20
-      aircraft used extensively by Holloman AFB crews to track and recover
-      anthropomorphic dummies. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_78"><img class="w100" src="images/i_064b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 78. Described as present at a flying saucer “crash”
-      site was a C-47 aircraft. This is a probable reference to a U.S. Air
-      Force C-47 transport aircraft used to move equipment to launch sites
-      distant from Holloman AFB. These aircraft were also used for aerial
-      tracking of high altitude balloon flights including those that flew
-      anthropomorphic dummies. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><b>Military Vehicles.</b> Numerous military vehicles, several of which
-    were described by other witnesses as having been at the other crash
-    site north of Roswell, were also described. Witnesses at the two
-    different sites described a “wrecker” and a “six-by-six,” both of the
-    type used for anthropomorphic dummy recoveries.<a id="FNanchor_1_154" href="#Footnote_1_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a> The account also
-    described two vehicles unique to the Balloon Branch that were used for
-    the majority of high altitude balloon recoveries during the mid- to
-    late-1950s.</p>
-
-  <p>The witness described a “jeep-like truck that had a bunch of radios
-    in it”.... There was a guy sittin’ in there wearin’ earphones and he
-    was talking on the radio.“<a id="FNanchor_1_155" href="#Footnote_1_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a> This is a likely description of a
-    Dodge M-37 ¾-ton utility truck, known as a weapons carrier, that had
-    been specially modified to carry radio equipment for balloon recovery
-    operations. The Holloman AFB Balloon Branch modified these vehicles
-    in 1953, ruling out the possibility that the witness observed them in
-    1947, when such vehicles were not available to organizations performing
-    balloon operations.<a id="FNanchor_1_156" href="#Footnote_1_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a> The other vehicle described and used by the
-    Balloon Branch were “military ambulances.”<a id="FNanchor_1_157" href="#Footnote_1_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a> During the mid-1950s,
-    the Balloon Branch modified three M-43 ¾-ton ambulances for use as
-    balloon recovery and communications vehicles.<a id="FNanchor_1_158" href="#Footnote_1_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a> These vehicles were
-    used for anthropomorphic dummy launch and recovery missions to relay
-    messages to circling recovery aircraft and the balloon operations
-    center at Holloman AFB.<a id="FNanchor_1_159" href="#Footnote_1_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a> The witness also described “a trailer with
-    a motor on it, like a generator.”<a id="FNanchor_1_160" href="#Footnote_1_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a> This is a likely description
-    of a 1½-ton cargo trailer with an MB-19 15 Kilowatt diesel generator.
-    These generators were used primarily on balloon launch sites during the
-    1950s and 1960s (see fig. <a href="#Fig_71">71</a>).</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_79"><img class="w100" src="images/i_065.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 79. “Stretching stuff out on the ground, dragging
-      stuff out of trucks”—a likely witness reference to high altitude
-      balloon inflation procedure that required the balloon to be stretched
-      out on a protective ground cloth prior to inflation. (<i>U.S. Air Force
-      photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><b>Balloon Branch Procedures.</b> Descriptions of military personnel
-    “stretching stuff out on the ground, dragging stuff out of trucks”<a id="FNanchor_1_161" href="#Footnote_1_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a>
-    is a likely description of a balloon launch procedure that required
-    the fragile<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">66</span> polyethylene balloon and its protective ground cloth to
-    be removed from a launch vehicle and laid out on the ground prior to
-    inflation. Another procedure described by the witness was an apparent
-    reference to a balloon recovery practice of recording the names of
-    civilians who observed high altitude balloon recoveries.<a id="FNanchor_1_162" href="#Footnote_1_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a> The
-    witness stated that military personnel “took everybody’s name and
-    everything,”<a id="FNanchor_1_163" href="#Footnote_1_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a> which was a procedure to ensure payment of a $25
-    dollar reward to persons who assisted in the recovery. This procedure
-    was also necessary to settle future claims of property damage caused by
-    the balloon, payload, or recovery vehicles.<a id="FNanchor_1_164" href="#Footnote_1_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_80"><img class="w100" src="images/i_066a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 80. Witnesses described a “tanker,” “military
-      ambulances,” a “6 × 6,” and a “wrecker”—probable references to (<i>from
-      left</i>) a helium tank trailer, a M-43 ambulance (converted to a
-      communications vehicle), a M-35 cargo truck (partially obscured), and
-      a M-342 wrecker. These vehicles were used for off-range launch and
-      recovery operations of anthropomorphic dummies for Project <span class="smcap">High
-      Dive</span>/<span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>. Shown here is a May 29, 1957 dummy launch
-      near Hatch, N.M. (<i>also see figs. <a href="#Fig_23">23</a>, <a href="#Fig_28">28</a>, <a href="#Fig_64">64</a>, <a href="#Fig_71">71</a>, <a href="#Fig_81">81</a></i>). (<i>U.S. Air
-      Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right">
-        <a id="Fig_81"><img class="illow66" src="images/i_066b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 81. Scene typical of a mid- to late 1950s off-range
-      high altitude balloon launch. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">67</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5"><b>Summary</b></div>
-
-  <p>When the claims offered by UFO theorists to prove that an
-    extraterrestrial spaceship and crew crashed and were recovered by the
-    U.S. Air Force are compared to documented Air Force activities, it is
-    reasonable to conclude, with a high degree of certainty, that the two
-    “crashes” were actually descriptions of a launch or recovery of a high
-    altitude balloon and anthropomorphic dummies. This conclusion was based
-    on the remarkable similarities and independent corroboration between
-    the witnesses who described <em>both</em> of the “crash sites.” Statements
-    such as “they was using dummies in those damned things” and a
-    characterization of the crashed vehicle as, “I thought it was a blimp”
-    are two of the many similarities. The extensive detailed descriptions
-    provided by the witnesses, too numerous to be coincidental, were of
-    the equipment, vehicles, procedures, and personnel of the Air Force
-    research organizations who conducted the scientific experiments
-    <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>.</p>
-
-  <p>Though it is clear anthropomorphic dummies were responsible for these
-    accounts, the specific locations of the events described was difficult,
-    if not impossible, to determine since the witnesses were not specific.
-    A witness to the “crash site” north of Roswell, Mr. James Ragsdale,
-    was not certain of the actual location as evidenced by a change in
-    his sworn testimony that moved the site many miles from its original
-    location.<a id="FNanchor_1_165" href="#Footnote_1_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a></p>
-
-  <p>However, since Ragsdale reportedly lived or worked in the Roswell,
-    Artesia, and Carlsbad, N.M. areas during the period when the dummies
-    were used, it is likely he described one or more of the nine documented
-    dummy recoveries in areas near there.</p>
-
-  <p>Reports of the other crash site, allegedly 175 miles northwest of
-    Roswell on the San Agustin Plains, is likely based on descriptions of
-    more than one launch and recovery of anthropomorphic dummies. Since
-    one witness, Gerald Anderson, described procedures consistent with the
-    launch <em>and</em> recovery of high altitude balloons, it is likely that he
-    witnessed both of these activities, with at least one that included an
-    anthropomorphic dummy payload.</p>
-
-  <p>The two secondhand witnesses to this “crash,” Vern Maltais and Alice
-    Knight, could have related descriptions from any of the dummy launch
-    or landing sites. However, Maltais and Knight repeatedly described the
-    impact location of the flying saucer as on the San Agustin Plains.
-    One possible explanation is that the witnesses, in the 30 or more
-    years since they were told the story by the original eyewitness, Mr.
-    Barney Barnett, a soil conservation engineer who reportedly traveled
-    extensively throughout New Mexico, may have confused San Agustin
-    Plains with San Agustin Pass or San Agustin Peak, an area in the San
-    Agustin Mountains of New Mexico. These areas are just outside the
-    boundary of the White Sands Missile Range and the adjacent Jornada
-    Test Range. Numerous anthropomorphic dummy balloon flights terminated
-    and were recovered in this area. Furthermore, if the civilians
-    witnessed dummy landings on either the White Sands Missile Range or the
-    Jornada Test Range, both test areas and restricted U.S.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">68</span> Government
-    reservations, then this explains why they may have been told to leave
-    the landing site. In the popular Roswell scenarios, witnesses were
-    allegedly instructed by military personnel to leave the area because
-    they witnessed something of a highly classified nature. This would
-    be unlikely since the witnesses described projects that utilized
-    anthropomorphic dummies which were unclassified. It is likely, however,
-    that if the witnesses ventured onto one of these ranges they were
-    instructed to leave, not because of classified activities, but for
-    their own safety.</p>
-
-  <p>These conclusions are supported by official files, technical reports,
-    extensive photographic documentation, and the recollections of
-    numerous former and retired Air Force members and civilian employees
-    who conducted Projects <span class="smcap">High Dive</span> and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>. The
-    descriptions examined here, provided by UFO theorists themselves, were
-    so remarkably—and redundantly—similar to these Air Force projects that
-    the only reasonable conclusion can be that the witnesses described
-    these activities. These many similarities are summarized in Table 1.1.</p>
-
-  <p>The next section will examine the accounts of “aliens” at the hospital
-    at Roswell Army Air Field. As previously stated, due to the lack of
-    general or detailed similarities with testimony of the two rural “crash
-    sites,” the hospital account was determined not to be associated with
-    these reports.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_82"><img class="w100" src="images/i_068.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 82.</div>
-    <div class="xsmall left">Source: Test records of U.S. Air Force aeromedical project no. 7218,<br />
-      task 71719 (<span class="smcap">High Dive</span>) and project no. 7222, task 71748 (<span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>).</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">69</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center sans" id="Table_1_1"><b>Table 1.1<br />
-    Comparison of Testimony to Actual Air Force Equipment, Vehicles, and
-    Procedures Used to Launch and Recover Anthropomorphic Dummies</b></div>
-
-  <p class="noindent">Notes:<br />
-    “Crash Site” 1—Site North of Roswell<br />
-    “Crash Site” 2—Site 175 miles Northwest of Roswell<br />
-    Shaded areas indicates corroboration between witnesses.<br />
-    Boxed shaded areas indicates corroboration between witnesses at different “crash” sites.</p>
-
-  <table class="table" summary="Comparison of Testimony">
-    <tbody>
-      <tr>
-        <th class="bt bb">Witness Description</th>
-        <th class="bt bb">Air Force<br />Equipment/Procedure</th>
-        <th class="bt bb">“Crash Site”</th>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td colspan="3" class="tdl"><b>The “Aliens”</b></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">1. “They was using dummies in those damned
-          things.”<a id="FNanchor_1_166" href="#Footnote_1_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies (figs. 11, 14, 21–22, 29, 30–33, 35, 40, 72–75, 45).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">2. “I thought they were plastic dolls”<a id="FNanchor_1_167" href="#Footnote_1_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies that had plastic skin.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">3. “an experimental plane with dummies in it”<a id="FNanchor_1_168" href="#Footnote_1_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Kaufman</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">4. “I’m sure that was bodies ... either bodies or dummies.”<a id="FNanchor_1_169" href="#Footnote_1_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">5. “it was either dummies or bodies or something laying
-          there.”<a id="FNanchor_1_170" href="#Footnote_1_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">6. “his eyes was open, staring
-          blankly”<a id="FNanchor_1_171" href="#Footnote_1_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7. “not exactly like human beings ... similar, but not
-          exactly.”<a id="FNanchor_1_172" href="#Footnote_1_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Maltais</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">8. “didn’t look like human
-          beings”<a id="FNanchor_1_173" href="#Footnote_1_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Knight</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to anthropomorphic dummies.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">9. “they didn’t have a little
-          finger”<a id="FNanchor_1_174" href="#Footnote_1_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to Alderson Laboratories dummy that were reused many times and
-          were often damaged but remained in service. (figs. <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>, <a href="#Fig_73">73</a>, <a href="#Fig_74">74</a>).
-        </td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">70</span>
-          10. “they had four fingers”<a id="FNanchor_1_175" href="#Footnote_1_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Maltais</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Corroboration of description #9. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">11. [the beings were] “three and a half to four feet
-          tall”<a id="FNanchor_1_176" href="#Footnote_1_176" class="fnanchor">[176]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Maltais</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Likely description of anthropomorphic dummy
-          missing legs after fall from altitude.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">12. [the beings were] “four foot tall, four and a half feet
-          tall.”<a id="FNanchor_1_177" href="#Footnote_1_177" class="fnanchor">[177]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Corroboration of description #11. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">13. “they weren’t over four or
-          five foot long at the most.”<a id="FNanchor_1_178" href="#Footnote_1_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-          <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Corroboration of description #11. See above.</td>
-          <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">14. “Their skin coloration... [was] a bluish tinted milky
-          white”<a id="FNanchor_1_179" href="#Footnote_1_179" class="fnanchor">[179]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Probable description of a “Sierra Sam” dummy with pale white “skin” (fig. <a href="#Fig_21">21</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">15. “their heads were hairless ... no eyebrows, no eyelashes, no
-          hair”<a id="FNanchor_1_180" href="#Footnote_1_180" class="fnanchor">[180]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Maltais</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Anthropomorphic dummies did not have “hair” (figs. <a href="#Fig_21">21</a>, <a href="#Fig_22">22</a>, <a href="#Fig_36">36–38</a>, <a href="#Fig_40">40</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">16. “no hair ... completely bald”<a id="FNanchor_1_181" href="#Footnote_1_181" class="fnanchor">[181]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Corroboration of description #15. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">17. “no visible ears ... just a rise there and then a
-          hole”<a id="FNanchor_1_182" href="#Footnote_1_182" class="fnanchor">[182]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Dummies had ears that were molded to their heads with openings
-          for placement of instruments (fig. <a href="#Fig_22">22</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">18. “The hands were not covered”<a id="FNanchor_1_183" href="#Footnote_1_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Maltais</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to Alderson dummy which did not have gloves on hands (figs. <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>, <a href="#Fig_73">73–75</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">19. “they were all wearing one piece suits ... a shiny silverish gray
-          color”<a id="FNanchor_1_184" href="#Footnote_1_184" class="fnanchor">[184]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to gray flight suits worn by the dummies for some of the tests (figs. <a href="#Fig_14">14</a>, <a href="#Fig_29">29</a>, <a href="#Fig_30">30</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">20. “Their clothing seemed to be one piece and gray in
-          color.”<a id="FNanchor_1_185" href="#Footnote_1_185" class="fnanchor">[185]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Maltais</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Corroboration of description #19. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">71</span>
-          21. “It’s uniform was torn in a couple spots ... their uniforms were in pretty sad
-          shape.”<a id="FNanchor_1_186" href="#Footnote_1_186" class="fnanchor">[186]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Dummy uniforms were often secondhand, rips and other defects were common but
-          they remained in service (fig. <a href="#Fig_75">75</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">22. “Around the collar it [the suit] was trimmed in ... maroon-like
-          cording”<a id="FNanchor_1_187" href="#Footnote_1_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to red duct tape used to prevent air from filling the dummy’s flightsuit (figs. <a href="#Fig_29">29</a>, <a href="#Fig_30">30</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">23. “They looked like they had some sort of bandages on ’em ... over his [the
-          crewmember’s] arm.”<a id="FNanchor_1_188" href="#Footnote_1_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to tape and nylon webbing used to prevent arms and legs of dummy
-           from flailing. Tape was also used to secure the removable back plate of head (figs. <a href="#Fig_29">29</a>, <a href="#Fig_30">30</a>, <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>, <a href="#Fig_72">72–75</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">24. [bandages] “around his midsection and partially over his
-          shoulder”<a id="FNanchor_1_189" href="#Footnote_1_189" class="fnanchor">[189]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to parachute harness that had chest and shoulder straps.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td colspan="3" class="tdl"><b>The “Craft”</b></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">25. “It [the crewmember] felt dead when I touched it, it was very
-          cold.”<a id="FNanchor_1_190" href="#Footnote_1_190" class="fnanchor">[190]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Description of a high altitude balloon payload that was cold soaked at sub zero
-          temperatures of the upper atmosphere.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">26. “it was a dirigible, a blimp that had
-          crashed”<a id="FNanchor_1_191" href="#Footnote_1_191" class="fnanchor">[191]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to a partially inflated or deflated high altitude balloon (figs. <a href="#Fig_23">23</a>, <a href="#Fig_70">70</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">27. “a flying saucer that had burst open”<a id="FNanchor_1_192" href="#Footnote_1_192" class="fnanchor">[192]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Maltais</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to the dummy suspension rack that did not have sides (figs. <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>, <a href="#Fig_73">73–75</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">28. “clusters of thread-like material in the form of a
-          cable”<a id="FNanchor_1_193" href="#Footnote_1_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Numerous cables and wires were used in the dummy instrumentation kits and
-          balloon control package.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">29. “others of those [cables] went from one kind of package
-          of components to another kind of package”<a id="FNanchor_1_194" href="#Footnote_1_194" class="fnanchor">[194]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Both balloon control package and dummy instrumentation kits were connected by cables (fig. <a href="#Fig_73">73</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">30. “some kind of container, a metal
-          box”<a id="FNanchor_1_195" href="#Footnote_1_195" class="fnanchor">[195]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to balloon control package or dummy instrumentation kit (fig. <a href="#Fig_73">73</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">72</span>
-          31. “it was ice cold, it felt like it just came out of a
-          freezer”<a id="FNanchor_1_196" href="#Footnote_1_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Condition of a balloon payload after it has been “cold soaked” in the upper
-          atmosphere at temperatures far below zero.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td colspan="3" class="tdl"><b>Vehicles</b></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">32. a “jeep-like truck that had a bunch of radios in it and two big antennas.... There was a
-          guy sittin’ in there wearin’ earphones and he was talking on the
-          radio.”<a id="FNanchor_1_197" href="#Footnote_1_197" class="fnanchor">[197]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to a modified M-37 ¾-ton utility truck commonly referred to
-          as a weapons carrier, unique to the Balloon Branch. One of the primary vehicles used by recovery
-          crews. Balloons were tracked by direction finding gear and required a radio operator to wear headphones (fig. 32).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">33. “weapons carriers”<a id="FNanchor_1_198" href="#Footnote_1_198" class="fnanchor">[198]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Corroboration of description #32. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">34. “six by six Army trucks”<a id="FNanchor_1_199" href="#Footnote_1_199" class="fnanchor">[199]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to M-35 2½-ton cargo truck used to transport dummies and
-          suspension racks for launch and recoveries (fig. <a href="#Fig_31">31</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">35. “six by [six] ... military truck with canvas ... wagon type ... thing over
-          it”<a id="FNanchor_1_200" href="#Footnote_1_200" class="fnanchor">[200]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Corroboration of description #34. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">36. “wreckers [with] cranes on
-          ’em”<a id="FNanchor_1_201" href="#Footnote_1_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">reference to M-246 wrecker used to launch and recover
-          anthropomorphic dummy payloads (figs. <a href="#Fig_23">23</a>, <a href="#Fig_28">28</a>, <a href="#Fig_70">70</a>).
-        </td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">37. “a wrecker”<a id="FNanchor_1_202" href="#Footnote_1_202" class="fnanchor">[202]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Corroboration of description #36. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">38. “there was military ambulances”<a id="FNanchor_1_203" href="#Footnote_1_203" class="fnanchor">[203]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to a converted M-43 ambulances used as balloon recovery
-          communications vehicles (figs. <a href="#Fig_64"></a>64, <a href="#Fig_71"></a>71, <a href="#Fig_80">80</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">39. “the pick-up”<a id="FNanchor_1_204" href="#Footnote_1_204" class="fnanchor">[204]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Pick-up trucks were often used to recover anthropomorphic dummies (figs. <a href="#Fig_71">71</a>, <a href="#Fig_79">79</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">73</span>
-          40. “tankers, like, maybe had fuel or water in
-          ’em”<a id="FNanchor_1_205" href="#Footnote_1_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">reference to M-49 fuel trucks used to refuel aircraft or helium trailer
-          used to inflate balloon (figs. <a href="#Fig_23">23</a>, <a href="#Fig_70">70</a>, <a href="#Fig_80">80</a>, <a href="#Fig_81">81</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">41. “a military car”<a id="FNanchor_1_206" href="#Footnote_1_206" class="fnanchor">[206]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">A variety of military and civilian cars were often used for balloon
-          recoveries and launches (fig. <a href="#Fig_71">71</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">42. “’47 Ford car”<a id="FNanchor_1_207" href="#Footnote_1_207" class="fnanchor">[207]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Corroboration of description #41. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">43. “there was a jeep that was pulling a trailer with a motor on it, like a
-          generator.”<a id="FNanchor_1_208" href="#Footnote_1_208" class="fnanchor">[208]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Reference to 1-ton trailer and MB-19 15 Kilowatt diesel generator that were
-          used at balloon launch and recovery locations (fig. <a href="#Fig_71">71</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td colspan="3" class="tdl"><b>Aircraft</b></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">44. “observation aircraft ... high winged aircraft”<a id="FNanchor_1_209" href="#Footnote_1_209" class="fnanchor">[209]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to an L-20 aircraft, primary “chase” aircraft used for balloon
-          recovery in the mid 1950s (fig. <a href="#Fig_77">77</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">45. “C-47 sittin’ there” [on the road]<a id="FNanchor_1_210" href="#Footnote_1_210" class="fnanchor">[210]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">C-47 aircraft were often used on dummy launch and recovery operations (fig. <a href="#Fig_78">78</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>Procedures</b></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">46. “The federal government could have been doing something because they didn’t
-          want anyone to know what this was ... they was using dummies in those damned things ... they
-          could use remote control”<a id="FNanchor_1_211" href="#Footnote_1_211" class="fnanchor">[211]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to balloon borne anthropomorphic dummies that were dropped by remote
-           control by balloon controllers at Holloman AFB</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">47. “they took everybody’s name and
-          everything”<a id="FNanchor_1_212" href="#Footnote_1_212" class="fnanchor">[212]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Procedure used by Balloon Branch to ensure payment of $25 reward and to settle
-          claims of property damage.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">48. “they cleaned everything all up ... I mean they cleaned
-          everything”<a id="FNanchor_1_213" href="#Footnote_1_213" class="fnanchor">[213]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Balloon Branch personnel were required to remove as much debris as possible from
-          balloon and payload landing areas to avoid complaints and legal actions.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">74</span>
-          49. “they had the road barricaded off”<a id="FNanchor_1_214" href="#Footnote_1_214" class="fnanchor">[214]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Procedure used for aircraft operations.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">50. “they had the road sealed off”<a id="FNanchor_1_215" href="#Footnote_1_215" class="fnanchor">[215]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Ragsdale</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad bt br bb bl">Corroboration of description #49. See above.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 1</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">51. “airplanes sitting there they had landed on the
-          highway”<a id="FNanchor_1_216" href="#Footnote_1_216" class="fnanchor">[216]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Established procedure to refuel an aircraft, launch
-          a balloon from an isolated location or recover a small payload near a rural road.
-        </td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">52. “there was airplanes in the sky” [over the crash
-          site].<a id="FNanchor_1_217" href="#Footnote_1_217" class="fnanchor">[217]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to balloon “chase” aircraft used to direct ground recovery crews
-          to balloon impact site.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl">53. “stretching out cables of some kind ... they were stretching stuff out on the
-          ground, dragging stuff out of trucks”<a id="FNanchor_1_218" href="#Footnote_1_218" class="fnanchor">[218]</a>
-          <span class="fright"><i>Anderson</i></span></td>
-        <td class="tdlpad">Reference to balloon inflation procedure that required the balloon and
-          ground cloth to be removed from a vehicle and laid on the ground (fig. <a href="#Fig_79">79</a>).</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Site 2</td>
-      </tr>
-    </tbody>
-  </table>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">75</span>
-    <h2 id="SECTION_TWO"><span class="small">SECTION TWO</span><br />
-      <span class="overline">Reports of Bodies at the</span><br />Roswell AAF Hospital</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>This section examines the remaining portion of the Roswell Incident
-    claims—the reports of “bodies” at the Roswell AAF hospital.
-    Examinations of the various “crashed saucer” scenarios revealed
-    references to the Roswell AAF hospital appeared in virtually all of
-    them. Most of these were based on the account of one individual, W.
-    Glenn Dennis. His undocumented and uncorroborated recollections,
-    reportedly first related in 1989, over 42 years after the alleged
-    Roswell Incident, are based on activities he allegedly encountered as
-    a mortician providing contract services to the Roswell AAF hospital.
-    Dennis’ recollections have, in turn, been interpreted by UFO theorists
-    as evidence that the U.S. Army Air Forces recovered “alien” bodies and
-    autopsied them at the Roswell AAF hospital in July 1947.</p>
-
-  <p>Dennis has been described as the “star witness” and his claims as the
-    most credible of the Roswell Incident.<a id="FNanchor_2_1" href="#Footnote_2_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>
-    This, even though his most sensational assertions were not based on his
-    own experiences but on information allegedly related to him by unidentified
-    mystery witnesses.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_1"><img class="w100" src="images/i_075.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 1. The International UFO Museum and Research Center
-      in Roswell, N.M.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">76</span></p>
-
-  <p>The mystery witnesses were allegedly an Army Air Forces nurse and a
-    pediatrician both assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital in
-    1947.<a id="FNanchor_2_2" href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>
-    To casual observers, this account, which contains references to actual U.S.
-    Army Air Forces and U.S. Air Force personnel and activities, appears to have
-    a ring of authenticity. However, when examined closely by Air Force researchers,
-    the dates of events, the events themselves, and the people described as having
-    participated in them, were found to be grossly inaccurate and totally unrelated
-    to activities of July 1947.</p>
-
-  <h4>The Account</h4>
-
-  <p>The following is a summary of information provided by W. Glenn Dennis,
-    who claimed he was a 22-year-old mortician at the Ballard Funeral Home
-    in Roswell in July 1947, when he alleged these events
-    occurred.*</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Excerpts of interviews contained in this summary were
-    taken from audio or video recordings made by persons referenced in the
-    appropriate endnote. The sole exception is the interview conducted
-    by Stanton T. Friedman on August 5, 1989. Quotations from this
-    interview were taken from a transcript which is reportedly an accurate
-    representation of the interview. Friedman has not honored repeated
-    requests for an audio recording.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>On July 7, 1947, Dennis alleged he received a series of phone calls at
-    the Ballard Funeral Home, where he worked, from the Mortuary Affairs
-    officer at Roswell Army Air Field. He recalled that the mortuary
-    officer inquired as to the availability of child sized caskets and
-    procedures for preserving bodies that had been “laying out in the
-    elements.”<a id="FNanchor_2_3" href="#Footnote_2_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>
-    Later that day he received an emergency ambulance call (the civilian mortuary
-    for which he worked also provided an ambulance service) to respond to the site
-    of a minor traffic accident in Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_2_4" href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>
-    The accident victim was an “airman” stationed at Roswell AAF, and Dennis
-    transported the airman to the hospital at the base.<a id="FNanchor_2_5" href="#Footnote_2_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p>
-
-  <p>As Dennis walked into the hospital he noticed three military box-type
-    ambulances, one or more of which contained what appeared to be
-    “wreckage.”<a id="FNanchor_2_6" href="#Footnote_2_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>
-    He described the wreckage as being inscribed with odd markings or symbols and
-    bluish-purplish in color.<a id="FNanchor_2_7" href="#Footnote_2_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>
-    He recalled that some of this wreckage was resting against the inside wall of
-    the rear compartment of the ambulance and two pieces of it “looked kind of like
-    the bottom of a canoe.”<a id="FNanchor_2_8" href="#Footnote_2_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>
-    He described other wreckage on the floor of the ambulance as being “all sharp” and
-    as best he could tell “was like broken glass.”<a id="FNanchor_2_9" href="#Footnote_2_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a>
-    He also recalled observing Military Policemen (MPs) standing at the back of two of
-    these ambulances.<a id="FNanchor_2_10" href="#Footnote_2_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></p>
-
-  <p>When he went inside the hospital, he encountered a military nurse who
-    was assigned there and with whom he was previously
-    acquainted.<a id="FNanchor_2_11" href="#Footnote_2_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>
-    The nurse, who looked upset, was covering her mouth with a cloth and told
-    him that “you’re going to get in a lot of trouble” and that he should
-    “just get out of here.”<a id="FNanchor_2_12" href="#Footnote_2_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>
-    Dennis also stated that he encountered
-    a military doctor who was assigned to the hospital, a pediatrician,
-    with whom he was “pretty good friends” but did not speak with at that
-    time.<a id="FNanchor_2_13" href="#Footnote_2_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">77</span></p>
-
-  <p>Having seen the wreckage in the rear of the ambulance and believing
-    there had been an accident, he asked another officer in the hospital if
-    there had been a plane crash. The officer, whom Dennis had never seen
-    before, asked him: “Who in the hell are you?” When he responded he was
-    “from the funeral home,” the officer summoned two MPs to escort him
-    from the hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_14" href="#Footnote_2_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></p>
-
-  <p>However, before Dennis and the two MPs had left the hospital, he
-    heard someone say, “We’re not through with that SOB, bring him back
-    here.”<a id="FNanchor_2_15" href="#Footnote_2_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>
-    When Dennis turned around, he observed a redheaded captain (in one version
-    of these events Dennis is quoted as describing this person as a “big redheaded
-    colonel”<a id="FNanchor_2_16" href="#Footnote_2_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>)
-    who said, “You did not see anything. There was no crash here. You don’t go into
-    town making any rumors that you saw anything or that there was any crash
-    ... you could get in a lot of trouble.”<a id="FNanchor_2_17" href="#Footnote_2_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Angry about being called an SOB, Dennis informed the redheaded officer
-    that he was a civilian, not under his authority, and that he, the
-    redheaded officer, “can’t do a damn thing to me.”<a id="FNanchor_2_18" href="#Footnote_2_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>
-    The redheaded officer was alleged to have threatened Dennis by responding “Oh yes
-    we can”.... “Somebody will be picking your bones out of the sand”.... “We can do
-    anything to you ... that we want to.”<a id="FNanchor_2_19" href="#Footnote_2_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a>
-    A black sergeant, whom Dennis recalled had accompanied the redheaded officer,
-    allegedly stated he would “make real good dog food.”<a id="FNanchor_2_20" href="#Footnote_2_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>
-    Following this exchange, Dennis claimed he was “picked up ... arm and arm” and
-    escorted back to his place of business by two MPs.<a id="FNanchor_2_21" href="#Footnote_2_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The following day, July 8, 1947, Dennis attempted to telephone the
-    nurse he had seen in the hall at the hospital to find out “what was
-    going on.”<a id="FNanchor_2_22" href="#Footnote_2_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a>
-    He stated that he was unable to reach the nurse but did reach another nurse,
-    a “Captain Wilson,” who explained to him that the nurse he was trying to contact
-    was not on duty, but “Wilson” would give her a message to call
-    him.<a id="FNanchor_2_23" href="#Footnote_2_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> The nurse called
-    Dennis later that same day at the funeral home where he worked and agreed to meet
-    with him at the officers’ club at Roswell AAF that afternoon.<a id="FNanchor_2_24" href="#Footnote_2_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></p>
-
-  <p>When the two met, the nurse appeared disturbed and ill.<a id="FNanchor_2_25" href="#Footnote_2_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a>
-    Dennis asked her to explain what was going on when they met in the hospital the day
-    before. The nurse explained that, in the course of her normal duties, she entered an
-    examining room to get some supplies and encountered two doctors whom she did not recognize
-    that “supposedly were doing a preliminary autopsy” on “three,” “very mangled,” “black,”
-    “little bodies.”<a id="FNanchor_2_26" href="#Footnote_2_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a>
-    The doctors requested the nurse remain in the room because they needed her
-    assistance.<a id="FNanchor_2_27" href="#Footnote_2_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a>
-    She allegedly explained that there was a terrible odor in the room that made both her
-    and the doctors ill.<a id="FNanchor_2_28" href="#Footnote_2_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a>
-    Due to this terrible odor and inadequate ventilation, the nurse allegedly told Dennis
-    that the autopsies were moved to another facility on the base and then “everything”
-    was taken to “Wright Field” (now Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio).<a id="FNanchor_2_29" href="#Footnote_2_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The nurse described the little bodies in detail and even provided a
-    diagram.<a id="FNanchor_2_30" href="#Footnote_2_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a>
-    She described “little bodies” three to four feet in length that had large, “flexible,” heads,
-    and concave eyes and noses.<a id="FNanchor_2_31" href="#Footnote_2_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a></p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">78</span></p>
-
-  <p>After this meeting Dennis claimed he never saw the nurse again, and he
-    was told she had been shipped out the same afternoon (July 8, 1947)
-    or the next day (July 9, 1947).<a id="FNanchor_2_32" href="#Footnote_2_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a>
-    However, some time later Dennis received a letter from the nurse that
-    indicated she was in London, England.<a id="FNanchor_2_33" href="#Footnote_2_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a>
-    Dennis stated that he tried to respond to the nurse, but his letter was returned
-    stamped “return to sender” and “deceased.”<a id="FNanchor_2_34" href="#Footnote_2_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a>
-    After receiving this letter, he inquired at the base about the nurse and was told
-    by “Captain Wilson” that she didn’t know where the nurse was, but there was a rumor
-    that she and several other nurses had been killed in a plane crash while on a training
-    mission.<a id="FNanchor_2_35" href="#Footnote_2_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Some years later, Dennis stated that he visited the unidentified
-    military pediatrician he had seen at the hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_36" href="#Footnote_2_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a>
-    The pediatrician had since left the military and set up practice in Farmington,
-    N.M.<a id="FNanchor_2_37" href="#Footnote_2_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a>
-    Dennis said he and the pediatrician discussed the incident of years past but was stopped
-    short when the pediatrician told him that he was consulted regarding this incident, but
-    that “it was completely out of [his] field of medicine,” then ended the
-    discussion.<a id="FNanchor_2_38" href="#Footnote_2_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Based on this account, UFO theorists have presented the following
-    assertions:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>a.</b> Dennis, the “missing” nurse, and the unidentified
-    pediatrician inadvertently stumbled onto the highly classified
-    autopsies of alien bodies at Roswell AAF hospital in July 1947.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>b.</b> The two mysterious doctors at the hospital were
-    sent to Roswell AAF from a higher headquarters to conduct the
-    autopsies after which the bodies were transported to what is now
-    Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>c.</b> The bluish-purplish wreckage that looked like the bottom
-    of a canoe in the rear of the ambulance, were “escape pods” from a
-    flying saucer flown by the aliens that crashed in the Roswell area.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>d.</b> Dennis was forcibly removed from the hospital and
-    threatened with death by the redheaded officer because he had
-    witnessed some of these activities.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>e.</b> The nurse was kidnapped, possibly murdered, and all
-    records that she ever existed were systematically destroyed by
-    government agents, also because she witnessed these activities.</p>
-
-  <p>As in other accounts examined in this report, the episodes described
-    here became part of the Roswell Incident only because the witness
-    claimed they occurred at a very specific time, July 7–9, 1947. These
-    dates coincide with an actual event: the retrieval of experimental
-    Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span> research equipment that was erroneously reported
-    as a flying disc (see <a href="#SECTION_ONE">Section One</a>).<a id="FNanchor_2_39" href="#Footnote_2_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a>
-    If the events described here occurred at any other time—years, months, weeks, or
-    even days before or after July 7–9, 1947—they might be considered unusual to an
-    uninformed person, but certainly not part of the Roswell Incident.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">79</span></p>
-
-  <p>Air Force research revealed that the witness made serious errors
-    in his recollections of events. When his account was compared with
-    official records of the actual events he is believed to have described,
-    extensive inaccuracies were indicated including a likely error in the
-    date by as much as 12 years.</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">81</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_2_1">2.1<br />The “Missing” Nurse and<br />the Pediatrician</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>To illustrate the errors in this account and to identify actual events,
-    the following section will examine the accounts of the missing nurse
-    and the unidentified pediatrician. Both of these persons were allegedly
-    present at the Roswell AAF hospital when the events described by the
-    witness occurred.</p>
-
-  <h4>The “Missing” Nurse</h4>
-
-  <p>Dennis recalled that the nurse was quickly and suspiciously shipped out
-    either the same day or the day after he met with her in the Roswell
-    AAF Officers’ Club. If this allegation was true, it certainly seemed
-    unusual—and verifiable. Therefore, the morning reports, the certified
-    daily personnel accounting records required to be kept by all Army Air
-    Forces units at that time, were obtained and reviewed. These reports
-    did not indicate that a nurse or any other person was reassigned on
-    the days alleged, July 8 or July 9, 1947.<a id="FNanchor_2_40" href="#Footnote_2_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a>
-    The morning reports of the 427th Army Air Forces Base Unit (AAFBU) Squadron “M,”
-    the unit that all the medical personnel at Roswell AAF were assigned in July 1947,
-    did not indicate a sudden or overseas transfer of a nurse or any other person.
-    Records indicated that one nurse was reassigned on July 23, 1947, over two weeks
-    after the purported events described by Dennis.<a id="FNanchor_2_41" href="#Footnote_2_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a>
-    That nurse was transferred by normal personnel rotation procedures to Ft. Worth
-    AAF (now Carswell AFB), Texas, where she remained on active duty until March
-    1949.<a id="FNanchor_2_42" href="#Footnote_2_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a>
-    In fact, the Squadron “M” morning reports revealed the strength of the Army Nurse
-    Corps (ANC) at Roswell AAF for July 1947 was only five nurses. Of these five nurses
-    none were transferred overseas or killed in a plane crash—the “rumored” fate of
-    the missing nurse.<a id="FNanchor_2_43" href="#Footnote_2_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a></p>
-
-  <p>This review of the hospital morning reports also indicated that the
-    name of the missing nurse provided by the witness was inaccurate. The
-    witness stated in several interviews that he believed the nurse’s name
-    was Naomi Maria Selff.<a id="FNanchor_2_44" href="#Footnote_2_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a>
-    A comprehensive search of morning reports and rosters from the Roswell AAF Station
-    Hospital indicated that no person by this name, or a similar name, had ever served
-    there. This finding was supported by a search of personnel records at the National
-    Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in St. Louis, Mo., a part of the National Archives
-    and Record Administration. NPRC is the depository for all U.S. military personnel
-    records. The search at NPRC also did not find a record that a person named Naomi
-    Maria Selff had ever served in any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces.</p>
-
-  <p>These findings were consistent with previous efforts of several
-    pro-UFO researchers who have also attempted to locate this nurse or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">82</span>
-    members of her family. They, likewise, were also unable to confirm
-    her existence.<a id="FNanchor_2_45" href="#Footnote_2_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a>
-    While some UFO theorists continue to allege that this absence of records regarding a
-    nurse by this name is part of a conspiracy to withhold information, the most likely
-    reason for the lack of records is that this name is inaccurate.*</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Interestingly, an article published in the Fall 1995
-    edition of <cite>Omni</cite> magazine, a publication that in the past has
-    published sensational “Roswell” claims, also independently accounted
-    for all five of the nurses and expressed a decidedly skeptical opinion
-    of the account of the “missing nurse.”</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>Even though the name of the nurse is incorrect, it appears that a nurse
-    assigned to the Roswell AAF Station Hospital in 1947 may have been the
-    basis for the claims. Eileen Mae Fanton was the only nurse of the five
-    assigned to Roswell AAF in July 1947, whose personal circumstances and
-    physical attributes not only resembled those of the missing nurse, but
-    appeared to be nearly an exact match.</p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>The “Missing Nurse?”</b></div>
-
-  <div class="figright col50">
-    <a id="Fig_2_2"><img class="illow60" src="images/i_082.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 2. Eileen M. Fanton (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>1st Lt. Eileen M. Fanton was assigned to the Roswell Army Air
-      Field Station Hospital from December 26, 1946 until September 4,
-      1947.<a id="FNanchor_2_46" href="#Footnote_2_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a>
-      Fanton, who is deceased, was retired from the U.S. Air Force at the rank
-      of Captain on April 30, 1955, for a physical
-      disability.<a id="FNanchor_2_47" href="#Footnote_2_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a></p>
-
-    <p>In this account, the missing nurse is described as single, “real
-      cute, like a small Audrey Hepburn, with short black hair, dark
-      eyes and olive skin.”<a id="FNanchor_2_48" href="#Footnote_2_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a>
-
-      Lieutenant Fanton was single in 1947, 5′1″ tall, weighed 100 pounds, had black
-      hair, dark eyes, and was of Italian descent.<a id="FNanchor_2_49" href="#Footnote_2_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a>
-      Dennis also stated that the nurse was of the Catholic faith, and had been
-      “strictly raised” according to Catholic beliefs.<a id="FNanchor_2_50" href="#Footnote_2_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a>
-      Fanton’s personnel record listed her as Roman Catholic, a graduate of St.
-      Catherine’s Academy in Springfield, Ky. and as having received her nursing
-      certification from St. Mary Elizabeth’s Hospital in Louisville,
-      Ky.<a id="FNanchor_2_51" href="#Footnote_2_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a></p>
-
-    <p>The witness also recalled that the “missing nurse” was a
-      lieutenant, was a general nurse at the hospital, and had sent him
-      correspondence at a later date which stated she was in London,
-      England with a New York, N.Y. APO number (military overseas mailing
-      address) as the return address.<a id="FNanchor_2_52" href="#Footnote_2_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a>
-      Records revealed that Fanton was a First Lieutenant (promoted from
-      Second Lieutenant to First Lieutenant in June 1947), and she was classified as
-      a “nurse, general duty.”<a id="FNanchor_2_53" href="#Footnote_2_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a>
-      Records also indicated that of the five nurses assigned to the Roswell AAF Station
-      Hospital in July 1947, she was the only one that later served a tour of duty in
-      England. Furthermore, she was assigned to the 7510th USAF Hospital, APO 240, New
-      York, N.Y., where she served from June 1952 until April 1955.<a id="FNanchor_2_54" href="#Footnote_2_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a>
-      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">83</span> The 7510th USAF Hospital was located approximately 45
-      miles north of London at Wimpole Park, Cambridge, England.</p>
-
-    <p>An additional similarity between Fanton and the “missing nurse”
-      is that her personnel record indicated that she quickly departed
-      Roswell AAF and it is probable that the hospital staff would not
-      have provided information concerning her departure. Fanton’s
-      unannounced departure from Roswell AAF, on September 4, 1947 was
-      to be admitted to Brooke General Hospital, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas,
-      for a medical condition.<a id="FNanchor_2_55" href="#Footnote_2_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a>
-      This condition was first diagnosed in January 1946 and ultimately
-      led to her medical retirement in 1955.<a id="FNanchor_2_56" href="#Footnote_2_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a>
-      Therefore, if someone other than a family member contacted the Station
-      Hospital at Roswell AAF and inquired about Fanton, as Dennis stated he
-      did, the staff was simply protecting her privacy as a patient. The staff
-      was not participating in a sinister “cover-up” of information as alleged by UFO theorists.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <h4>The Pediatrician</h4>
-
-  <p>In at least two interviews, the witness stated that a pediatrician
-    stationed at the hospital was involved in the events he
-    described.<a id="FNanchor_2_57" href="#Footnote_2_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a>
-    When asked by an interviewer how he knew the pediatrician was involved,
-    Dennis was quoted as replying, “I know he was involved because I saw him
-    there.”<a id="FNanchor_2_58" href="#Footnote_2_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a>
-    Dennis is also quoted as saying that he and the pediatrician were “pretty
-    good friends,” and after the pediatrician left the military he [the
-    pediatrician] set up a practice in Farmington, N.M. “I used to go fishing
-    all the time up north and I visited him several times up there and he was
-    involved,” Dennis said. “I don’t remember his name, I think he is still
-    practicing in Farmington.”<a id="FNanchor_2_59" href="#Footnote_2_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></p>
-
-  <p>A review of personnel files and interviews with former members of the
-    Roswell AAF/Walker AFB hospital staff, revealed that only one physician
-    ever relocated to Farmington, N.M. following his military service. The
-    former Capt. Frank B. Nordstrom served at Walker AFB from June 1951
-    until June 1953.<a id="FNanchor_2_60" href="#Footnote_2_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a>
-    Records also revealed that Nordstrom was indeed a pediatrician and while
-    at Walker AFB, served as the Chief of Pediatric
-    Services.<a id="FNanchor_2_61" href="#Footnote_2_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a>
-    When Nordstrom, a resident of the small town of Aztec, N.M., was interviewed
-    for this report, he stated that he did not recall ever meeting Dennis and
-    could not recall any events that supported any of his claims (see signed
-    sworn statement in <a href="#Appendix_B">Appendix B</a>).<a id="FNanchor_2_62" href="#Footnote_2_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Farmington (population 8,000 in 1954) is located in the primarily
-    rural Four Corners region of New Mexico approximately 300 miles
-    northwest of Roswell. According to Nordstrom, Farmington did not have a
-    pediatrician before his arrival in 1954. From 1954 until approximately
-    1970, Nordstrom believes he was the only pediatrician in the area. His
-    recollections were confirmed by a local Farmington pharmacist, Charles
-    E. Clouthier.<a id="FNanchor_2_63" href="#Footnote_2_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a>
-    Clouthier also served at the Walker AFB hospital, from 1955 to 1957, and
-    following his military service returned to Farmington, his hometown, where
-    he had lived since 1934. Clouthier has been employed by and co-owned a
-    business, Farmington Drug, since 1957. He is familiar with most, if not all,
-    of the doctors who<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">84</span> practice
-    in Farmington and the Four Corners region of New Mexico. Clouthier’s
-    confirmation that Nordstrom was the first pediatrician to practice
-    in the Farmington area, was based on both his frequent professional
-    contacts with local physicians and his experiences as a longtime
-    Farmington resident.<a id="FNanchor_2_64" href="#Footnote_2_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Although Nordstrom believed that he was the pediatrician described, he
-    was at a loss to explain how Dennis gained information concerning his
-    military and civilian employment history. In a signed sworn statement,
-    Nordstrom stated that he did not recall ever meeting Dennis and had
-    certainly never been visited by Dennis as he has claimed. One possible
-    source of the information is that from approximately 1958 until
-    approximately 1961 Dennis operated a drugstore in Aztec, N.M., a small
-    town near Farmington where Nordstrom resides (interestingly Aztec is
-    the location of the original “crashed flying saucer” story, see below).
-    However, Nordstrom also did not recall any contact with Dennis in his
-    capacity as a drugstore operator.</p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>Behind the Roswell Incident?</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>The “Roswell Incident” story is hardly original. In 1948, a work
-      of fiction reportedly appeared in the <cite><i>Aztec</i> (N.M.) <i>Independent
-      Review</i></cite> describing the crash of a flying saucer with “little
-      men” near Aztec, N.M. In 1950, Frank Scully, a columnist for
-      the theatrical publication <cite>Variety</cite>, published a book, <cite>Behind
-      the Flying Saucers</cite>, which proclaimed the story to be true.<a id="FNanchor_2_65" href="#Footnote_2_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a>
-      Based on <span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">85</span> the Aztec story, <cite>Behind the Flying Saucers</cite>
-      bears many similarities to the Roswell Incident, most notably, descriptions
-      of covert “flying saucer” and “little men” recoveries interspersed
-      with doses of unsubstantiated accusations directed at the U.S. Air
-      Force.<a id="FNanchor_2_66" href="#Footnote_2_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a></p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="col75">
-        <div class="right">
-          <a id="Fig_2_3"><img class="illow60" src="images/i_084.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">Fig. 3. Story by J.P. Cahn, that appeared in the August
-        1956, <cite>True</cite> magazine.</div>
-      <div class="link"><a href="#trans_3b">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-    </div>
-
-    <p>In his book, Scully claimed he had information from two scientists,
-      Silas M. Newton and a mysterious “Dr. Gee,” who he claimed
-      investigated the crash for the government.<a id="FNanchor_2_67" href="#Footnote_2_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a>
-      In reality, Newton and Gee were con-men who convinced Scully of the story’s
-      authenticity.<a id="FNanchor_2_68" href="#Footnote_2_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a></p>
-
-    <p>Intrigued by the sensational claims made in <cite>Behind the Flying
-      Saucers</cite>, a reporter for the <cite>San Francisco Chronicle</cite>, J. P. Cahn,
-      decided to look into the matter. What resulted from Cahn’s research
-      were articles in the September 1952 and August 1956 edition of
-      <cite>True</cite> magazine which determined that the story was as “phony as a
-      headwaiters bow and smile.”<a id="FNanchor_2_69" href="#Footnote_2_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a></p>
-
-    <p>Cahn, with the assistance of a magician, devised a plan to “sting”
-      the two con-men.<a id="FNanchor_2_70" href="#Footnote_2_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a>
-      To execute the sting, he used sleight of hand switching an “indestructible”
-      metal disk, claimed to be from a flying saucer, with a slug of his own
-      manufacture. After the switch, Cahn submitted the disk to a laboratory for analysis
-      revealing that they were of earthly origin, in particular, a grade of aluminum used
-      to manufacture pots and pans!<a id="FNanchor_2_71" href="#Footnote_2_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a></p>
-
-    <p>Even with the exposure of this obvious fraud, the Aztec story is
-      still revered by UFO theorists. Elements of this story occasionally
-      reemerge and are thought to be the catalyst for other crashed
-      flying saucer stories, including the Roswell Incident.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right">
-        <a id="Fig_2_4"><img class="illow75" src="images/i_085.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 4. September 1952 <cite>True</cite> magazine story that
-      exposed the Aztec, N.M. hoax.</div>
-    <div class="link"><a href="#trans_4">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-   </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">86</span></p>
-
-  <h4>Descriptions of Other Air Force Members</h4>
-
-  <p>Since official records proved that none of the nurses at Roswell AAF
-    in July 1947 were missing, and the nurse and pediatrician described
-    in this account had been identified, major discrepancies between
-    Dennis’ recollections and official records were apparent. In an effort
-    to provide for the fullest possible accounting of these claims, even
-    though key aspects had already been proven false, Air Force researchers
-    sought additional information to determine if there was validity to
-    <em>any</em> portion of the account. Since the witness has never provided
-    documentation to support his claims, the only source of additional
-    information was the numerous interviews he had previously provided to
-    private researchers and the media. His many statements, which have
-    appeared in newspapers, videos, magazines, movies, books, lectures,
-    journals and television programs, were reviewed for information that
-    might further explain his testimony.</p>
-
-  <p>Examination of this large body of publicly available information
-    immediately provided clues that the witness may have recalled
-    incidents from a period other than July 1947. The first clue was that
-    he repeatedly, in all of the interviews, referred to the injured
-    military person he allegedly transported to the Roswell AAF hospital
-    as an airman. The rank of airman was not in existence in 1947. It
-    was implemented on April 1, 1952.<a id="FNanchor_2_72" href="#Footnote_2_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a>
-    Prior to that date an airman in the Air Force was referred to by the
-    U.S. Army equivalent, a private. Another possible indication that he
-    recalled events from a different time was the description of an alleged
-    “black sergeant” that accompanied the redheaded officer at the hospital.
-    The pairing of a white officer with a black NCO seemed unlikely since in
-    1947 the U.S. Army Air Forces was racially segregated, as were all branches
-    of the armed forces. The U.S. Air Force did not begin racial integration
-    until the May 11, 1949 issuance of Air Force Letter 35-3 that formally
-    ended segregation.<a id="FNanchor_2_73" href="#Footnote_2_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a>
-    Though it was not impossible in 1947 for a black NCO to accompany and seem
-    to be working with a white officer, it would be unlikely. These two discrepancies
-    did not provide a firm time frame of actual events, if any occurred at all.</p>
-
-  <p>To approximate a time frame for actual events, the specific details
-    of the information provided were examined. This examination was to
-    determine if any military members were identified by name or by a
-    combination of any other distinguishing characteristics such as rank,
-    position, age, or physical attributes. If the testimony identified
-    a military member as having been present for an event, then their
-    personnel record could be used to affix an approximate date. Affixing
-    a date of an event by referencing personnel records was possible since
-    each military member’s personnel file contains a physical description
-    and chronological listing of duty stations, units of assignment, and
-    work assignments for his/her entire military career.</p>
-
-  <p>This detailed examination revealed several likely references to
-    specific individuals, which through their personnel files, were
-    documented as having been assigned to the hospital at Roswell AAF or
-    Walker AFB (Roswell AAF was renamed Walker AFB in January 1948).</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">87</span></p>
-
-  <p><b>The “Big Redheaded Colonel.”</b> An indication that Dennis might
-    have mistaken the date of actual events was that he was quoted in at
-    least one book as having said that the officer who threatened him in
-    the hospital was a big redheaded colonel.<a id="FNanchor_2_74" href="#Footnote_2_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a>
-    Research revealed that only one tall colonel with red hair was known
-    to have been assigned to the Walker AFB hospital. Colonel Lee F. Ferrell
-    was the hospital commander from October 1954 until June 1960.<a id="FNanchor_2_75" href="#Footnote_2_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a>
-    Ferrell was 6′1″ tall and had red hair.<a id="FNanchor_2_76" href="#Footnote_2_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="center col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_5"><img class="w100" src="images/i_087.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 5. Col. Lee F. Ferrell (<i>left</i>), was commander of
-      the Walker AFB hospital from 1954–1960. In this photo Ferrell escorts
-      U.S. Senator Dennis Chavez (N.M.) on a tour of the new Walker AFB
-      hospital in June 1960, which was named in honor of the senator. (<i>U.S.
-      Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>“<b>Captain ‘Slatts’ Wilson.</b>” In at least two interviews Dennis
-    repeatedly made reference to a nurse named “Captain Wilson.”<a id="FNanchor_2_77" href="#Footnote_2_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a>
-    He recalled that “Captain Wilson”, who he believed was the head nurse,
-    was another nurse stationed at the Roswell AAF hospital in July
-    1947.<a id="FNanchor_2_78" href="#Footnote_2_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a>
-    Dennis claims he spoke to “Captain Wilson” several times in reference to
-    the alleged missing nurse.<a id="FNanchor_2_79" href="#Footnote_2_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a></p>
-
-  <p>He claims that on the day after he met with the missing nurse at the
-    Roswell AAF Officers’ Club, he attempted to contact her by telephone
-    at the hospital but was told that she wasn’t on duty.<a id="FNanchor_2_80" href="#Footnote_2_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a>
-    Instead, he spoke with “Captain Wilson.” “I called the station I knew
-    she [the missing nurse] always worked at,” Dennis said, “She was a general
-    nurse.... I was informed that she wasn’t working that day. [Dennis then
-    telephoned] An old girl by the name of Wilson, Captain Wilson, and I asked
-    her ‘what happened’? She said, ‘Glenn, I don’t know what happened, she’s not
-    on duty.’ She said she’d try to get word to her [the missing nurse] that you
-    [Dennis] want to talk to her.”<a id="FNanchor_2_81" href="#Footnote_2_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a>
-    Later in the same interview Dennis further described Wilson. “We called her
-    ‘Slatts’ Wilson who was a big tall nurse about six foot two or
-    three—big tall skinny gal—and we called her ‘Slatts’—everybody called her
-    ‘Slatts.’ She’s<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">88</span> the one who told me she heard there was a plane
-    crash and the nurses went down on a training mission.”<a id="FNanchor_2_82" href="#Footnote_2_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The testimony appeared to clearly identify by name, rank, position,
-    physical attributes and by a distinctive nickname, “Slatts,” another
-    nurse present at the hospital in July 1947. But a review of the morning
-    reports of the Roswell AAF hospital for July 1947 did not contain the
-    name of a nurse, or anyone else, named Wilson.<a id="FNanchor_2_83" href="#Footnote_2_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a>
-    The only female captain assigned to the Roswell AAF Hospital in July 1947 was the
-    Chief Nurse Capt. Joyce Goddard.<a id="FNanchor_2_84" href="#Footnote_2_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a>
-    Goddard, who was 5′6″ tall, was
-    transferred from Roswell AAF to Korea on August 21, 1947.<a id="FNanchor_2_85" href="#Footnote_2_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Therefore, according to Dennis’ recollection of events, this review of
-    the morning reports indicated that there were two missing nurses, not
-    one—“Lieutenant Naomi Selff” and “Captain ‘Slatts’ Wilson.” Further scrutiny
-    of personnel records of individuals assigned to the Roswell AAF/Walker AFB
-    hospital indicated that Dennis’ recollections of events were apparently inaccurate.</p>
-
-  <p>Examination of the August 1947 morning reports did not list a nurse
-    named Wilson, but they <em>did</em> list a nurse named Slattery.<a id="FNanchor_2_86" href="#Footnote_2_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a>
-    Captain Lucille C. Slattery, who retired as a Lieutenant Colonel and is now
-    deceased, was reassigned from Ft. George Wright, Wash. to Roswell AAF on August
-    7, 1947.<a id="FNanchor_2_87" href="#Footnote_2_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right">
-        <a id="Fig_2_6"><img class="illow75" src="images/i_088.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 6. Lt. Col. Lucille C. Slattery, the only Air
-      Force nurse ever known as “Slatts,” served as a captain at the Roswell
-      AAF/Walker AFB hospital from August 1947 to September 1950. Records
-      indicate that Slattery did not arrive at Roswell AAF until one month
-      <em>after</em> the “Roswell Incident,” in direct contradiction to statements
-      made by the sole witness to this account. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">89</span></p>
-
-  <p>Slattery replaced Goddard as the Chief Nurse and was the only female
-    captain assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital. Interviews of persons
-    with longtime professional and personal associations with Slattery,
-    revealed that she was known by the unusual nickname of
-    Slatts.<a id="FNanchor_2_88" href="#Footnote_2_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a>
-    Additionally, former associates of Slattery interviewed for this report,
-    recalled that she was the only Air Force nurse that had ever been known as
-    Slatts.<a id="FNanchor_2_89" href="#Footnote_2_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a>
-    Persons interviewed were Air Force nurses who retired in the 1960s, each
-    with more than 20 years of service, including retired Air Force Col. Ethel
-    Kovatch-Scott, who served as Chief Nurse of the Air Force from 1963 to 1965.</p>
-
-  <p>Upon review of Slattery’s personnel file it was learned that she was
-    only 5′3″ tall and therefore was most likely not the 6′2″ or 6′3″ “tall
-    skinny” nurse described.<a id="FNanchor_2_90" href="#Footnote_2_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a>
-    This discrepancy in physical description and the fact that she did not arrive
-    at Roswell AAF until nearly one month <em>after</em> Dennis claims he spoke to her, led to the conclusion that
-    perhaps he confused Slattery with some other tall thin nurse, possibly
-    named Wilson, who was stationed at the Roswell AAF or Walker AFB
-    hospital at some other time.</p>
-
-  <p>Consequently, a comprehensive review of the morning reports and
-    rosters of the Roswell AAF/Walker AFB hospital revealed that only one
-    nurse named Wilson had ever served there and she did not arrive until
-    February 1956.<a id="FNanchor_2_91" href="#Footnote_2_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a>*
-    Capt. Idabelle Miller, who became Maj. Idabelle Wilson in 1958 due to
-    marriage and a promotion, was assigned to the Walker AFB hospital from
-    February 1956 until May 1960.<a id="FNanchor_2_92" href="#Footnote_2_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a></p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Records were also searched for names similar to Wilson.
-    Three nurses stationed at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB were identified:
-    Martha Wasem, Carol Williams, and Chalma Walker. None of these nurses
-    physical descriptions or personal/professional circumstances were
-    similar to the descriptions of “Captain Wilson” described by the witness.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>Upon review of Maj. Wilson’s personnel file, it was learned that she
-    was 5′9″ tall and thin. Also, she served as the Head Nurse of the
-    surgical ward at the Walker AFB hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_93" href="#Footnote_2_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a>
-    Therefore, Wilson’s physical attributes, tall and thin, and position as
-    Head Nurse matched Dennis’ recollections of “Captain Wilson.” When
-    contacted by Air Force researchers, Wilson stated she had no recollection
-    of Dennis, of ever having conversations with him, any of the events he
-    described, or of a nurse that was missing.<a id="FNanchor_2_94" href="#Footnote_2_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a>
-    She also made it abundantly clear that as an Air Force officer and medical
-    professional she would not spread a rumor of a plane crash, as Dennis alleged
-    “Captain Wilson” did in conversations with him.<a id="FNanchor_2_95" href="#Footnote_2_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5"><b>Results of Missing Nurse and<br />Pediatrician Research</b></div>
-
-  <p>Examination of the missing nurse and the pediatrician stories, and
-    other facts established by research, provide a foundation for further
-    analysis to determine what actual event(s), if any, were responsible
-    for these claims. Based on information developed, it appears this
-    witness may be mistaken in some of his statements, especially regarding
-    the time frame of these events.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">90</span></p>
-
-  <p>The following facts have been established:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>a.</b> The only physician who ever relocated to Farmington,
-    N.M., following his military service at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB was
-    the former Chief of Pediatric Services at the Walker AFB hospital,
-    the former Capt. Frank B. Nordstrom. Further, he did not arrive
-    at Walker AFB until June 1951, four years <em>after</em> the purported
-    Roswell Incident, has no recollection of Dennis, the statements
-    Dennis attributes to him, or of any actual events that explain his
-    account.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>b.</b> The only nurse ever assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital
-    (subsequently renamed Walker AFB) named Wilson, was Idabelle
-    Wilson. She served at the Walker AFB hospital from 1956 until 1960
-    and had no recollection of ever meeting or speaking with Dennis or
-    any of the activities he described.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>c.</b> Captain Lucille C. Slattery, the only Air Force nurse
-    ever known by the distinctive nickname “Slatts,” <em>was</em> stationed at
-    the Roswell AAF hospital. However, she did not arrive until August
-    7, 1947. This was one month <cite>after</cite> the Roswell Incident, making it
-    improbable that Dennis spoke with her in early July 1947.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>d.</b> There is no record that a nurse named Naomi Maria Selff,
-    was ever assigned to Roswell AAF, Walker AFB, or was ever a member
-    of the U.S. military.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>e.</b> All nurses assigned to the Roswell AAF hospital in July
-    1947, have been accounted for, thereby eliminating any possibility
-    that there was ever a missing nurse.</p>
-
-  <p>Since actual Air Force members who served at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB
-    hospital were described in this account, the next step was to determine
-    if actual events that occurred at the hospital were possibly the source
-    of this story. As stated earlier in this report, a thorough examination
-    of both classified and unclassified records from 1947 revealed no Army
-    Air Forces or U.S. Air Force activities that explained the alleged
-    events. Therefore records were reviewed from other time periods, based
-    on personnel records of individuals believed to have been identified.
-    These persons and the periods when they were assigned to Roswell
-    AAF/Walker AFB are listed in Table 2.1.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">91</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center sans" id="Table_2_1"><b>Table 2.1<br />
-    Persons Described and Periods of Service<br />
-    at Roswell AAF/Walker AFB</b></div>
-
-  <table class="mt2 collapse" summary="Persons Described">
-    <tbody>
-      <tr class="sans">
-        <th class="bt bb">Witness<br />Description</th>
-        <th class="bt bb">Actual Individual<br />Described</th>
-        <th class="bt bb">Period of Service at<br />Roswell AAF/Walker AFB</th>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl pt2">the “missing” nurse</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">1st Lt. Eileen M. Fanton</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">Dec. 1946-Sept. 1947</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl pt2">“Capt. ‘Slatts’ Wilson”<br />(composite of two<br />individuals)</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">Capt. Lucille C. Slattery<br /><span class="center">and</span><br />Maj. Idabelle M. Wilson</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">Aug. 1947-Sept. 1950<br /><br />Feb. 1956-May 1960</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl pt2">“the pediatrician”</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">Capt. Frank B. Nordstrom</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">June 1951-June 1953</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl pt2">“big redheaded colonel”</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">Col. Lee F. Ferrell</td>
-        <td class="tdc pt2">Oct. 1954-June 1960</td>
-      </tr>
-    </tbody>
-  </table>
-
-  <h4>The Research Profile</h4>
-
-  <p>With the establishment of a possible time frame, research efforts
-    paralleled the previous examination in <a href="#SECTION_ONE">Section One</a> of this report that
-    determined high altitude balloons with anthropomorphic dummy payloads
-    were responsible for the reports of aliens at the two rural New Mexico
-    “crashed saucer” locations. A further review of Air Force activities
-    was then made to determine if any were significantly similar to the
-    information provided. Based on the time period established by personnel
-    records and statements contained in the witness’ own account, the
-    following profile of possible events was established:</p>
-
-  <p>An event involving the Walker AFB hospital that took place between 1947
-    and 1960;</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>a.</b> that may have resulted in “very mangled,” “black,”
-    “little bodies,” that had a strong “odor” being placed in “body bags”;</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>b.</b> that may have resulted in two persons not normally
-    assigned to the hospital, believed to be doctors, that were
-    “supposedly doing preliminary autopsies” on the “little bodies”;</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>c.</b> that may have involved a body with a head that was much
-    larger than normal which was transported to Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio;</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>d.</b> that may have involved a redheaded captain or a big
-    redheaded colonel;</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>e.</b> that may have resulted in an ambulance parked in the rear
-    of the hospital containing wreckage with inscriptions, that were
-    bluish-purplish which looked kind of like the bottom of a canoe;
-    and,</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>f.</b> that may have required a heightened state of security.</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">93</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_2_2">2.2<br />Aircraft Accidents</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The examination of events that involved the Walker AFB hospital that
-    may explain reports of bodies was begun by reviewing the most prominent
-    possible source, which were aircraft accident(s).* A review of
-    aircraft accidents from 1947 to 1960 revealed eight fatal accidents
-    that involved Walker AFB.</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Other possible explanations such as automobile accidents,
-    house fires, etc., were also examined. However, none of these were
-    determined to be responsible for this account of bodies.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <div class="center sans mt5" id="Table_2_2"><b>Table 2.2<br />
-    Fatal Aircraft Accidents by Year in the Vicinity of Walker AFB<br />
-    1947–1960</b></div>
-
-  <table class="mt2 collapse" summary="Fatal Aircraft Accidents by Year">
-    <tbody>
-      <tr class="sans">
-        <th class="bt bb">Year</th>
-        <th class="bt bb">Aircraft<br />Type</th>
-        <th class="bt bb">Location of Accident<br />(distance from Walker AFB, N.M.)</th>
-        <th class="bt bb">Number of<br />Fatalities</th>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1947</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1948</b><br />8/12/48</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl5"><br />B-29</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl10"><br />4 miles South</td>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div><br />13</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1949</b><br />5/16/49<br />12/15/49</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl5"><br />C-47<br />B-29</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl10"><br />6 miles Northeast<br />2 miles Northwest</td>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div><br />6<br />7</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1950</b><br />6/1/50</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl5"><br />KB-29</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl10"><br />12 miles East/Southeast</td>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div><br />3</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1951</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1952</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1953</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1954</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1955</b><br />6/16/55<br />10/3/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl5"><br />T-33<br />B-47</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl10"><br />On runway<br />34 miles West</td>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div><br />2<br />2</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1956</b><br />6/26/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl5"><br />KC-97</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl10"><br />8.8 miles South</td>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div><br />11</div></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1957</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1958</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1959</b><br />None</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-        <td>&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdl"><b>1960</b><br />2/3/60</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl5 w5"><br />KC-135</td>
-        <td class="tdl pl10"><br />On runway and ramp</td>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div><br />13</div></td>
-      </tr>
-    </tbody>
-  </table>
-
-  <p>The following three basic criteria were used to narrow research efforts
-    to specific accidents for more detailed examinations: were the victims
-    burned, resulting in possible descriptions of “black” “little bodies”?;
-    were the victims transported to the Walker AFB hospital?; and, were
-    the victims <span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">94</span> autopsied? To facilitate this examination, researchers
-    reviewed official accident reports, organizational and base histories,
-    individual personnel records of victims, and contemporary newspaper
-    accounts of the accidents. Interviews of persons who participated in
-    the aftermath of these accidents were also conducted. As a result, only
-    one accident met the three criteria, the June 1956 KC-97 accident.</p>
-
-  <div class="center sans mt5" id="Table_2_3"><b>Table 2.3<br />
-    Analysis of Air Force Aircraft Accidents<br />
-    by Year in the Vicinity of Walker AFB<br />
-    1947–1960</b></div>
-
-    <table class="mt2 collapse" summary="Analysis of Air Force Aircraft Accidents">
-      <tbody>
-        <tr class="sans">
-          <th class="bt bb">Date of<br />Accident</th>
-          <th class="bt bb">Aircraft<br />Type</th>
-          <th colspan="3" class="bt bb">Fatalities</th>
-        </tr>
-        <tr class="sans">
-          <td>&nbsp;</td>
-          <td>&nbsp;</td>
-          <td class="tdc"><b>Burned?</b></td>
-          <td class="tdc"><b>Taken to WAFB<br />Hospital?</b></td>
-          <td class="tdc"><b>Autopsied?</b></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">8/12/48</td>
-          <td class="tdl">B-29</td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_96" href="#Footnote_2_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_97" href="#Footnote_2_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_98" href="#Footnote_2_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">5/16/49</td>
-          <td class="tdl">C-47</td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_99" href="#Footnote_2_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_100" href="#Footnote_2_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_101" href="#Footnote_2_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">12/15/49</td>
-          <td class="tdl">B-29</td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_102" href="#Footnote_2_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_103" href="#Footnote_2_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_104" href="#Footnote_2_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">6/1/50</td>
-          <td class="tdl">KB-29</td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_105" href="#Footnote_2_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_106" href="#Footnote_2_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_107" href="#Footnote_2_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">6/16/55</td>
-          <td class="tdl">T-33</td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_108" href="#Footnote_2_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_109" href="#Footnote_2_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_110" href="#Footnote_2_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">10/3/55</td>
-          <td class="tdl">B-47</td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_111" href="#Footnote_2_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_112" href="#Footnote_2_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_113" href="#Footnote_2_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">6/26/56</td>
-          <td class="tdl">KC-97</td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_114" href="#Footnote_2_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_115" href="#Footnote_2_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_116" href="#Footnote_2_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">2/3/60</td>
-          <td class="tdl">KC-135</td>
-          <td class="tdc">Yes<a id="FNanchor_2_117" href="#Footnote_2_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_118" href="#Footnote_2_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a></td>
-          <td class="tdc">No<a id="FNanchor_2_119" href="#Footnote_2_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a></td>
-        </tr>
-      </tbody>
-    </table>
-
-  <p>Upon detailed review of records of the 1956 accident and interviews
-    with persons who participated in the recovery and identification of the
-    victims, extensive similarities to the description the witness provided
-    were apparent.</p>
-
-  <h4>Fatal KC-97 Aircraft Mishap</h4>
-
-  <p>In 1956, Walker AFB, N.M. was the home of Strategic Air Command’s 6th
-    and 509th Bombardment Wings.<a id="FNanchor_2_120" href="#Footnote_2_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a>
-    Additionally, Walker was home of the 509th Aerial Refueling Squadron
-    (509th ARS) equipped with the KC-97G aircraft.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_7"><img class="w100" src="images/i_094.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 7. A KC-97 similar to this of the 509th Aerial
-      Refueling Squadron crashed 8.8 miles south of Walker AFB on June 26,
-      1956 with the loss of 11 lives. Descriptions of the aftermath of
-      this tragedy are believed to be the basis for some of the reports of
-      “bodies” at the Walker AFB hospital. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">95</span></p>
-
-  <p>The accident occurred on June 26, 1956, 8.8 statute miles south of
-    Walker AFB.<a id="FNanchor_2_121" href="#Footnote_2_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a>
-    A KC-97G aircraft with 11 crewmen on board, while on a refueling training
-    mission, experienced a propeller failure four and one half minutes after
-    takeoff.<a id="FNanchor_2_122" href="#Footnote_2_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a>
-    As a result of the propeller failure, a propeller blade was believed to have
-    punctured the deck fuel tank of the fully loaded tanker causing an intense
-    cabin fire.<a id="FNanchor_2_123" href="#Footnote_2_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a>
-    The aircraft was quickly engulfed in flames, spun out of control, and was
-    completely destroyed. All 11 Air Force members were killed instantly by the
-    fire and impact explosion.<a id="FNanchor_2_124" href="#Footnote_2_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a>
-    Due to the isolated rural impact location on property owned by the state of
-    New Mexico, there was minimal collateral damage and no fatalities or injuries
-    to persons on the ground.<a id="FNanchor_2_125" href="#Footnote_2_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The remains of the crewmen were recovered from the crash site and
-    transported by members of the 4036th USAF Hospital (numerical
-    designation of the hospital at Walker AFB) to the hospital facility at
-    Walker AFB for identification.<a id="FNanchor_2_126" href="#Footnote_2_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a></p>
-
-  <p>On the day following the crash, an identification specialist from
-    Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio arrived at the hospital to assist in
-    identifying the remains.<a id="FNanchor_2_127" href="#Footnote_2_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a>
-    Part way through the identification process, conducted by both the identification
-    specialist and Air Force members assigned to the Walker AFB hospital, the
-    identification activities were moved to a refrigerated compartment at the Walker
-    AFB commissary.<a id="FNanchor_2_128" href="#Footnote_2_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a>
-    This was due to an overpowering odor emitted by the burned and fuel-soaked bodies
-    and the lack of proper storage facilities at the small base
-    hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_129" href="#Footnote_2_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a>
-    Also on the day following the crash, June 27, 1956, autopsies of three of the
-    victims were accomplished by a local Roswell pathologist.<a id="FNanchor_2_130" href="#Footnote_2_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a>
-    These examinations were performed at a local funeral home.<a id="FNanchor_2_131" href="#Footnote_2_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a>
-    Upon completion of the identification procedures and the postmortem examinations,
-    the remains were shipped to the next of kin for burial.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_8"><img class="w100" src="images/i_095.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 8. Main entrance of the 4036th USAF hospital
-      at Walker AFB, 1956. Initial identification procedures of the 11
-      aircrewmen killed in the June 26, 1956 KC-97 accident were conducted
-      here before being transferred to another facility on the base with
-      refrigeration capability. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">96</span></p>
-
-  <h4>Comparison of the Account to the KC-97 Mishap</h4>
-
-  <p>This series of actual events contains extensive similarities to the
-    account provided by Dennis. The numerous and extensive similarities
-    indicate that some elements of this actual event were most probably
-    included in Dennis’ account. This aircraft accident provides an
-    explanation for the following elements of the research profile—the very
-    mangled, black, little bodies in body bags, the odor, the two strange
-    doctors, and the report of a redheaded colonel.</p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="large center"><b>Aircraft Crashes and UFOs</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>Since the first flying saucer story in June 1947, persons have
-      attempted to exploit actual military aircraft accidents to support
-      UFO theories and propagate the flying saucer phenomenon.</p>
-
-    <p>One of the first exploitation attempts involved a fatal August 1,
-      1947 Army Air Forces B-25 accident near Kelso, Wash. Descriptions
-      of this accident, which UFO theorists contend was caused because
-      the aircraft carried parts of a flying saucer, were included in
-      a poorly executed hoax. Nonetheless, it received a considerable
-      amount of attention.</p>
-
-    <p>Another incidence was photographs of an “alien,” supposedly from
-      a 1948 crash of a flying saucer in Mexico. However, when the
-      photographs were examined by Air Force officials, they noticed
-      a pair of government issue, aviator style, sunglasses lying
-      underneath the “alien” body.</p>
-
-    <p>Perhaps the most famous attempt to exploit an actual aircraft
-      accident involved the fatal January 1948 crash of a Kentucky Air
-      National Guard F-51 fighter near Franklin, Ky. Theorists contend
-      the fighter was shot down by a UFO. However, it was determined
-      that this aircraft most probably crashed while observing a newly
-      invented high altitude research balloon thought to be a UFO. The
-      large balloon, which matched eyewitnesses’ descriptions at the
-      time, was released the previous day, and its ground track placed
-      it precisely in the area where the unidentified object was sighted
-      the next day. Regardless, shameless attempts to exploit this
-      event continued as recently as 1995, when the tabloid TV program,
-      <cite>Sightings</cite>, aired and published (<cite>Sightings</cite>, Simon &amp; Schuster,
-      1996, 170–176) a distorted interpretation of this tragedy.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><b>The “Black” “Little Bodies.”</b> Review of the autopsy protocols of
-    the victims of this accident revealed extensive similarities to the
-    descriptions of the bodies allegedly described by the missing nurse.
-    Dennis related in various interviews that the missing nurse described,
-    “... three; very mangled; black; little bodies in body
-    bags.”<a id="FNanchor_2_132" href="#Footnote_2_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a>
-    Records of this mishap confirmed that the victims suffered “injuries,
-    extreme, multiple.”<a id="FNanchor_2_133" href="#Footnote_2_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a>
-    According to persons who assisted in the identification of the remains from
-    this crash, and in compliance with Air Force directives in effect at that
-    time, human remains pouches, commonly called body bags, were used to recover
-    and transport victims’ bodies.<a id="FNanchor_2_134" href="#Footnote_2_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a></p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">97</span></p>
-
-  <p>Statements made by Dennis described bodies that were “three-and-a-half
-    to four feet tall,” and “black” in color.<a id="FNanchor_2_135" href="#Footnote_2_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a>
-    The autopsy protocols of two victims described extensive third degree
-    burns and loss of the lower extremities.<a id="FNanchor_2_136" href="#Footnote_2_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a>
-    Dennis also described a head of one of the bodies that was not rigid
-    but “flexible” and tissues of a body in “strings” that looked as if they
-    were “pulled” by predatory animals after the crash.<a id="FNanchor_2_137" href="#Footnote_2_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a>
-    An autopsy protocol of a victim described “multiple fractures of all bones
-    of the skull” and “partially cooked strands of bowel ... over the abdomen
-    and in the chest.”<a id="FNanchor_2_138" href="#Footnote_2_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a>
-    Additional similarities between the autopsy protocols and Dennis’ statements
-    were a detached hand and descriptions of the fingers and arms of the crash
-    victims.<a id="FNanchor_2_139" href="#Footnote_2_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The autopsy protocol of one victim also described remains with a “face
-    completely missing.”<a id="FNanchor_2_140" href="#Footnote_2_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a>
-    This description corresponds with Dennis’ recollections of a body with eyes
-    and nose that were concave. Also, the drawing of the head of one of the “little
-    bodies” Dennis claims is representative of a drawing given to him by the missing
-    nurse is a reasonably accurate representation of a human body with its face
-    completely missing.<a id="FNanchor_2_141" href="#Footnote_2_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Another similarity to Dennis’ account is that of the 11 victims of this
-    accident, only three were autopsied—the same number of bodies that
-    were allegedly autopsied in the missing nurse’s account.<a id="FNanchor_2_142" href="#Footnote_2_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a>
-    Finally, records revealed that due to limited facilities at the Walker AFB
-    hospital, the autopsies were performed at the Ballard Funeral Home in
-    Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_2_143" href="#Footnote_2_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a>
-    This is the same funeral home where Dennis claimed to be employed in 1947
-    until 1962.<a id="FNanchor_2_144" href="#Footnote_2_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a>*</p>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* It is unclear when Dennis worked at this funeral home
-    since city and phone directories listed him as co-owning a different
-    funeral home in Roswell, as vice-president of another funeral home in
-    Roswell, and as having been employed as a drug store supervisor and oil
-    field worker during the periods when he claims he worked at the Ballard
-    Funeral Home.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p><b>The Odor.</b> Transportation of remains to a small base hospital
-    was unusual since the hospital did not have the necessary facilities—a
-    preparation room, refrigeration equipment or a morgue, to accommodate
-    multiple deceased persons. Records of other crashes involving Walker
-    AFB showed that the remains of crash victims were transported either to
-    another facility on Walker AFB or directly to a local funeral home.<a id="FNanchor_2_145" href="#Footnote_2_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_9"><img class="w100" src="images/i_097.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 9. Three of the 11 Air Force members killed in the
-      June 26, 1956 KC-97 accident were autopsied at the Ballard Funeral Home
-      in Roswell. The actual descriptions of the remains (only three were
-      autopsied), closely corresponds with Dennis’ descriptions regarding
-      the “little bodies.” Additionally, this is the same funeral home where
-      Dennis claimed to be employed from 1947 until 1962.</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">98</span></p>
-
-  <p>In fact, the Air Force manual that prescribed the policies, standards
-    and procedures relating to the care and disposition of deceased Air
-    Force personnel in effect in 1956, Air Force Manual 143-1, <cite>Mortuary
-    Affairs</cite>, did not direct that remains be brought to a hospital. It
-    encouraged the local commander to “improvise facilities” and make
-    use of “garages, warehouses, large tents, or other facilities for
-    processing groups of remains.”<a id="FNanchor_2_146" href="#Footnote_2_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a>
-    Nonetheless, records of the June 1956 crash and interviews with the
-    persons who processed the remains indicated that the victims were brought
-    from the crash site to the Walker AFB hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_147" href="#Footnote_2_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a>
-    During the identification procedures, the odor became too strong and the
-    bodies and the identification activities were moved to a refrigerated
-    compartment at the base commissary.<a id="FNanchor_2_148" href="#Footnote_2_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Interviewed for this report were the registrar of the hospital, 1st
-    Lt. Jack Whenry (now a retired Major) and a medical administration
-    specialist assigned to the registrar, SSgt. John Walter (now a
-    retired Master Sergeant), both of whom assisted in the processing and
-    identification of the deceased aircrewmen. Whenry and Walter both
-    recalled the strong odor, that some persons became ill during the
-    procedures (as did the alleged missing nurse), and the unusual transfer
-    of the remains to the Walker AFB commissary (the nurse also allegedly
-    described the transfer of remains to another building on the base).
-    However, neither recalled that a nurse was missing or any of the other
-    activities as described by Dennis.<a id="FNanchor_2_149" href="#Footnote_2_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a></p>
-
-  <p><b>The “Big Redheaded Colonel.”</b> The big redheaded colonel is a
-    likely reference to the hospital commander, Col. Lee F. Ferrell, who
-    was 6′1″ tall and had red hair. Ferrell served at the Walker AFB
-    hospital from 1954 until 1960.<a id="FNanchor_2_150" href="#Footnote_2_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a>
-    It would not be unusual for the hospital commander to be present at the
-    hospital following a major aircraft accident.</p>
-
-  <p><b>The Two Mysterious “Doctors.”</b> The two doctors not assigned to
-    the Walker AFB hospital who were allegedly observed at the hospital
-    performing preliminary autopsies have been identified as an Air Force
-    civilian identification specialist and a local Roswell pathologist.</p>
-
-  <p><b><em>Identification Specialist.</em></b> In an aircraft mishap involving
-    multiple fatalities, identification of victims can go beyond the
-    capabilities of a small Air Force hospital such as the one at
-    Walker AFB. Beginning in July 1951, the Air Force Memorial Affairs
-    Branch, now called Air Force Mortuary Services, employed full-time
-    civilian morticians and funeral directors, known as identification
-    specialists, to assist Air Force installations in the identification
-    of deceased persons.<a id="FNanchor_2_151" href="#Footnote_2_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a>
-    When requested by the local commander, the identification specialists, on
-    a 24-hour standby basis, responded from Wright-Patterson AFB to the location
-    of an incident.<a id="FNanchor_2_152" href="#Footnote_2_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a>
-    Records confirm that Walker AFB only requested an identification specialist
-    on two occasions, in October 1955 and to identity the victims of the June
-    1956 crash.<a id="FNanchor_2_153" href="#Footnote_2_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a>
-    For this accident the identification specialist arrived at Walker AFB on
-    June 27, 1956 and made positive identifications of the 11 crewmen on June 28,
-     1956.<a id="FNanchor_2_154" href="#Footnote_2_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a></p>
-
-  <p>When contacted for this report, the retired identification specialist
-    who responded to this accident, Mr. George Schwaderer, did not have
-    any<span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">99</span> recollections of Dennis, the nurse, the pediatrician, or any of
-    the other unusual activities as alleged.<a id="FNanchor_2_155" href="#Footnote_2_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a>
-    Schwaderer did recall that on identifications of group remains such as this,
-    it was typical to wear standard hospital surgical gowns and masks and that he
-    was often mistaken for a pathologist.<a id="FNanchor_2_156" href="#Footnote_2_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Due to restrictions on the release of information concerning the
-    identification process, uninformed individuals who may, by chance, have
-    witnessed some portions of the identification, were often the source
-    of a considerable amount of speculation. The identification procedures
-    employed by the identification specialists were not classified, but
-    AFM-143-1, <cite>Mortuary Affairs</cite>, directed that “no information will be
-    divulged concerning identification or shipment of any remains until a
-    final determination of identity has been resolved for all remains.”<a id="FNanchor_2_157" href="#Footnote_2_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a></p>
-
-  <p>For this accident, identification took approximately two days and any
-    releases of information were restricted to individuals with an official
-    requirement. These restrictions extended, not only to the general
-    public, but also to Air Force members.</p>
-
-  <p>A possible reference to the identification specialist is found in one
-    of Dennis’ recitations of the account. Dennis, a mortician who might
-    possess limited knowledge of Air Force mortuary procedures, stated that
-    he was told the “doctors” might be pathologists from “Walter Reed Army
-    Hospital.”<a id="FNanchor_2_158" href="#Footnote_2_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a>
-    Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington D.C. is a likely location
-    that an unknown pathologist performing an autopsy on military personnel
-    might have been based. Co-located at Walter Reed is the Armed Forces Institute
-    of Pathology (AFIP) and beginning in 1955, AFIP sent pathologists into the
-    field to examine aircraft accidents. A review of records at AFIP and interviews
-    with persons involved with the identification procedures at Walker AFB do not
-    indicate AFIP sent any personnel to assist in this accident.<a id="FNanchor_2_159" href="#Footnote_2_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a></p>
-
-  <p><b><em>Pathology Consultant.</em></b> In June 1956, the Walker AFB hospital
-    did not have a pathologist on staff.<a id="FNanchor_2_160" href="#Footnote_2_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a>
-    All autopsies and examinations of pathological specimens were conducted by a
-    civilian consultant from Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_2_161" href="#Footnote_2_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a>
-    The autopsy protocols of the deceased crewmen from the June 1956 crash indicated
-    that Dr. Alfred S. Blauw of Roswell performed the three autopsies.<a id="FNanchor_2_162" href="#Footnote_2_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a>
-    Obviously, neither the pathologist nor the identification specialist were
-    normally assigned to the Walker AFB hospital and would not be expected to be present
-    at the hospital, especially to an observer with limited knowledge of these activities.</p>
-
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5"><b>Continuing Research</b></div>
-
-  <p>The focus of research was now shifted to other activities that might
-    explain the remaining portions of the profile. The unexplained portions
-    were:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>a.</b> the presence of a redheaded captain;</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>b.</b> the wreckage in the rear of the ambulance outside the
-    Walker AFB hospital;</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">100</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>c.</b> the heightened state of security at the Walker AFB
-    hospital; and,</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1"><b>d.</b> the shipment of a body with a large head to
-    Wright-Patterson AFB.</p>
-
-  <p>Based on previous research, this effort began by examining records of
-    the other Air Force aerial vehicle known to have operated extensively
-    in the Roswell area since the late 1940s—high altitude research balloons.</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">101</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_2_3">2.3<br />High Altitude Research Projects</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>By 1960, hundreds of high altitude research balloons, some that
-    carried anthropomorphic dummies, descended and were recovered in areas
-    surrounding Walker AFB and Roswell. But based on the descriptions of
-    the bodies and the involvement of a hospital and medical personnel,
-    it did not seem likely that high altitude research balloons with
-    scientific instruments or anthropomorphic dummies could possibly
-    account for this testimony. Therefore, the focal point of the research
-    shifted to manned high altitude balloon flights conducted by the Air
-    Force during the mid to late 1950s and early 1960s.</p>
-
-  <h4>Manned Balloon Flights</h4>
-
-  <p>Two manned balloon projects, <span class="smcap">Man High</span> and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>,
-    were conducted within the time period targeted for research:
-    <span class="smcap">Man High</span> from 1957 to 1958<a id="FNanchor_2_163" href="#Footnote_2_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a>
-    and the manned portion of <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> in 1959 and 1960. The only other manned high
-    altitude balloon project in Air Force history, <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>, did
-    not fly until 1962.</p>
-
-  <p>It was discovered that only six manned flights were made for <span class="smcap">Man
-      High</span> and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>. These flights were determined
-    unlikely as the source of the testimony since there were no injuries
-    or deaths, all six flights had been the subject of intense media
-    coverage, and none were flown in the vicinity of Roswell. Despite the
-    apparent dead end these flights presented to explain this account,
-    records were obtained and persons involved in <span class="smcap">Man High</span> and
-    <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> were contacted and interviewed. These records and
-    interviews confirmed that there were, in fact, only six USAF manned
-    high altitude balloon flights, none with characteristics similar to
-    the testimony. However, detailed examinations of the records revealed
-    that, in addition to the six high altitude balloon flights, there were
-    also numerous low altitude balloon flights made to train and qualify
-    the high altitude balloon pilots.<a id="FNanchor_2_164" href="#Footnote_2_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a>
-    Records of the training flights indicated that some of these were conducted at
-    Holloman AFB, N.M., and several mishaps occurred resulting in injuries to the
-    pilots.<a id="FNanchor_2_165" href="#Footnote_2_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_10"><img class="w100" src="images/i_101.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 10. Maj. David G. Simons (MC) (<i>left</i>), balloon
-      designer Otto C. Winzen (<i>center</i>) and Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.,
-      examine a scale model of a low altitude balloon gondola used to train
-      pilots for high altitude missions. (<i>photo courtesy of Mike Smith,
-      Raven Industries</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">102</span></p>
-
-  <p>Further research revealed that one accident had taken place just
-    northwest of Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_2_166" href="#Footnote_2_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a>
-    The accident occurred on May 21, 1959, 10 miles northwest of Walker AFB, on a pilot training mission for the upcoming Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> flights
-    scheduled to begin that fall. Analysis of the accident revealed actual
-    events that closely resembled the remaining portions of the established profile.</p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>U.S. Air Force Manned High Altitude Balloon Projects</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>In addition to unmanned high altitude balloon research flights, from
-      1957 to 1962 the U.S. Air Force conducted a series of seven manned
-      high altitude flights. These forward-looking projects investigated
-      the upper reaches of the earth’s atmosphere and laid the foundation
-      for manned spaceflight. Most flights were conducted before rocket
-      booster technology was available to propel a spacecraft into earth’s
-      orbit. In this interim period, to “bridge the gap” while awaiting
-      developments in rocket technology, high altitude balloons were the
-      only vehicles capable of reaching the altitudes required. All three
-      of the USAF manned high altitude balloon projects, <span class="smcap">Man High</span>,
-      <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, and <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> utilized Holloman
-      AFB balloons to transport men to the very edge of space, above
-      approximately 99 per cent of the earth’s atmosphere, a region known as
-      “near space.”</p>
-
-    <p><b>Project <span class="smcap">Man High</span>.</b> In 1955, a combined effort by
-      the U.S. Air Force Aeromedical Field Laboratory, Winzen Research
-      International, and the Holloman Balloon Branch resulted in the first
-      Air Force manned balloon program. Project <span class="smcap">Man High</span>, officially
-      known as the Biodynamics of Space Flight, directed by Lt. Col. David
-      Simons (MC), was the first of the three widely publicized manned high
-      altitude balloon programs.
-      The objective of Project <span class="smcap">Man High</span>
-      was to measure the physiological and psychological capabilities of a
-      human in a space equivalent environment. Many developments of this
-      successful project were later incorporated into the first phase of
-      the U.S. Air Force Man in Space Program nicknamed <span class="smcap">Man in Space
-      Soonest</span> (MISS). Technology developed for MISS was transferred to
-      NASA in 1959 and became part of Project <span class="smcap">Mercury</span>, the initial
-      series of U.S. space missions.<a id="FNanchor_2_167" href="#Footnote_2_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a></p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="col25">
-        <a id="Fig_2_11"><img class="w100" src="images/i_102a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="col25">
-        <a id="Fig_2_12"><img class="w100" src="images/i_102b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="col25">
-        <a id="Fig_2_13"><img class="w100" src="images/i_102c.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="col25 caption">Fig. 11. (<i>Left</i>) Test pilot Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger,
-        Jr. just before launch of <span class="smcap">Man High</span> I at New Brighton, Minn. on
-        June 2, 1957. Kittinger flew in all three USAF high altitude balloon
-        projects and has accumulated more high altitude balloon flying hours
-        than anyone else in the world. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)<br /><br />
-        Fig. 12. (<i>Center</i>) Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC), a
-        physician and pilot of the <span class="smcap">Man High</span> II high altitude balloon
-        mission, is shown here boarding the recovery helicopter near Frederick,
-        S.D. following the successful flight on August 19, 1957. This flight
-        lasted 33 hours and 10 minutes attaining a peak altitude of 101,500
-        feet. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)<br /><br />
-        Fig. 13. (<i>Right</i>) Holloman AFB Balloon Branch
-        Meteorologist and Engineer, Bernard D. Gildenberg, instructs high
-        altitude balloon pilot 1st Lt. Clifton McClure, pilot of <span class="smcap">Man
-        High</span> III, in the operation of a low altitude training balloon on
-        May 12, 1959 at Holloman AFB, N.M. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">103</span></p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5 clear">
-      <div class="col75">
-        <a id="Fig_2_14"><img class="w100" src="images/i_103.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">Fig. 14. Project officer and pilot, Capt. Joseph W.
-        Kittinger, Jr., standing beside the <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> gondola at
-        Holloman AFB, N.M. On his third and final high altitude parachute jump,
-        from 102,800 feet, he established world records for highest parachute
-        jump and length of free-fall which still stand today. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-    </div>
-
-    <p><b>Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>.</b> In 1959 and 1960 the U.S. Air Force
-      Aero Medical Laboratory collaborated with the Holloman Balloon Branch
-      for Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, the second Air Force manned high
-      altitude balloon program. <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> was the dramatic climax
-      of the high altitude free-fall studies that began as Project <span class="smcap">High
-      Dive</span> in 1953 using anthropomorphic dummies. As the test director
-      for Project Excelsior, Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. made three
-      parachute jumps from balloons, <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> I, II, and III, from
-      76,000, 75,000, and a still standing record altitude of 102,800 feet.
-      <span class="smcap">Excelsior’s</span> scientific objective was to develop a parachute
-      system and techniques required to return a pilot or astronaut to earth
-      following an emergency high altitude escape.</p>
-
-    <p><b>Project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>.</b> Project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> was the
-      third Air Force manned high altitude balloon program. Capt. Joseph W.
-      Kittinger. Jr., the veteran high altitude balloon pilot of <span class="smcap">Man
-      High</span> and <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, was both the pilot and project
-      engineer. On December 13, 1962, Kittinger and U.S. Navy civilian
-      astronomer William C. White rose to 86,000 feet to make astronomical
-      observations with a gyro-stabilized telescope. A joint U.S. Air Force,
-      U.S. Navy, Smithsonian Institution, and Massachusetts Institute of
-      Technology program, <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> made only one of a scheduled
-      four flights due to budget shortfalls and equipment difficulties.</p>
-
-    <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">104</span></p>
-
-    <div class="mt5 mb5">
-      <div class="col75">
-        <a id="Fig_2_15"><img class="w100" src="images/i_104.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-      <div class="caption">Fig. 15. Project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> pilot and project
-        engineer, Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. (<i>left</i>), after landing near
-        Lordsburg, N.M. on December 13, 1962 with U.S. Navy civilian astronomer
-        William C. White. Kittinger and White ascended to 86,000 feet to make
-        astronomical observations in the seventh, and final, U.S. Air Force
-        manned high altitude balloon flight. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="center sans mt5" id="Table_2_4"><b>Table 2.4<br />
-      U.S. Air Force Manned High Altitude Balloon Flights</b></div>
-
-    <table class="mt2 collapse" summary="U.S. Air Force Manned High Altitude Balloon Flights">
-      <tbody>
-        <tr class="sans">
-          <th class="bt bb">Date</th>
-          <th class="bt bb pl5">Project/Flight</th>
-          <th class="bt bb pl5">Altitude (feet)</th>
-          <th class="bt bb">Pilot</th>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">6/2/57</td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5"><span class="smcap">Man High I</span></td>
-          <td class="tdrfig pl5"><div>96,200</div></td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">8/19/57</td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5"><span class="smcap">Man High II</span></td>
-          <td class="tdrfig pl5"><div>101,500</div></td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5">Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC)</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">10/8/58</td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5"><span class="smcap">Man High III</span></td>
-          <td class="tdrfig pl5"><div>99,700</div></td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5">1st Lt. Clifton McClure</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">11/16/59</td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5"><span class="smcap">Excelsior I</span></td>
-          <td class="tdrfig pl5"><div>76,400</div></td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">12/11/59</td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5"><span class="smcap">Excelsior II</span></td>
-          <td class="tdrfig pl5"><div>74,700</div></td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger. Jr.</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">8/16/60</td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5"><span class="smcap">Excelsior III</span></td>
-          <td class="tdrfig pl5"><div>102,800</div></td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-          <td class="tdl">12/13/62</td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5"><span class="smcap">Stargazer</span></td>
-          <td class="tdrfig pl5"><div>86,000</div></td>
-          <td class="tdl pl5">Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.</td>
-        </tr>
-      </tbody>
-    </table>
-
-    <p>With the completion of Project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> and the success of
-      NASA’s Project <span class="smcap">Mercury</span> space flights, future investigations
-      were accomplished by space vehicles. This signaled the end of an era of
-      manned high altitude balloon flight; however, these projects had indeed
-      “bridged the gap,” and manned space flight was now safely possible.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <h4>Low Altitude Balloon Training Missions</h4>
-
-  <p><b>Background.</b> In April 1958, Col. John P. Stapp, commander of
-    the U.S. Air Force Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB,
-    appointed a new project officer for Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, Capt.
-    Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> was part of an ongoing
-    program to examine high altitude aircraft escape procedures and
-    equipment.<a id="FNanchor_2_168" href="#Footnote_2_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a>
-    Kittinger was an experienced fighter test pilot who was the pilot of the first Air Force
-    manned high altitude balloon project, <span class="smcap">Man High</span> I, in June
-    1957.<a id="FNanchor_2_169" href="#Footnote_2_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a>
-    In addition to being the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">105</span>
-    <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> project officer, Kittinger was the pilot and project
-    engineer of <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> which also utilized high altitude
-    balloons.</p>
-
-  <p>By 1959, Kittinger was an integral part of both <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>
-    and <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> and one of only three individuals in the
-    Air Force with high altitude balloon pilot experience. Due to the
-    hazardous nature of these important projects, Stapp was concerned that
-    an injury to Kittinger might result in the cancellation of one or
-    both of them. Therefore, Stapp determined there was a need for backup
-    pilots. Selected as backup pilots were Captains Dan D. Fulgham and
-    William C. Kaufman. Both men were rated aircraft pilots, parachutists,
-    and research and development officers assigned to the Aero Medical
-    Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB.</p>
-
-  <p>During the third week of May 1959, a series of low altitude manned
-    balloon flights were flown to train Fulgham and Kaufman.<a id="FNanchor_2_170" href="#Footnote_2_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a>
-    These flights were launched by the Holloman AFB Balloon Branch. To satisfy
-    safety requirements, the flights were closely monitored by medical personnel
-    at all times. A helicopter with medical personnel followed the flights during
-    daylight hours, a C-131 aircraft followed during hours of darkness, and at
-    all times medical personnel followed in an ambulance.<a id="FNanchor_2_171" href="#Footnote_2_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a>
-    Balloon recovery and communications technicians also followed the missions on
-    the ground in a communications vehicle and a balloon recovery
-    vehicle.<a id="FNanchor_2_172" href="#Footnote_2_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a>
-    The safety requirements were a result of several recent balloon mishaps that resulted in serious injuries to the pilots.</p>
-
-  <p>To meet the training schedule, Kittinger, Kaufman and Fulgham were
-    assigned temporary duty (TDY) from the Aero Medical Laboratory at
-    Wright-Patterson AFB to the Balloon Branch at Holloman AFB, N.M.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_16"><img class="w100" src="images/i_105.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 16. In 1958 while training for the upcoming U.S.
-      Air Force Aero Medical Laboratory high altitude <span class="smcap">Man High</span> III
-      balloon flight, balloon designer Otto C. Winzen (<i>right</i>) and space
-      physiologist Capt. Grover Schock (<i>left</i>), were seriously injured in a
-      balloon accident near Ashland, Wisc. Additionally, two training flights
-      at Holloman AFB also resulted in injuries to pilots. These injuries
-      prompted Air Force officials to require close medical supervision
-      during future training flights. (<i>photo courtesy of Mike Smith, Raven
-      Industries</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">106</span></p>
-
-  <p>The three pilots, Kittinger, Kaufman and Fulgham, flew training
-    missions together. Kaufman and Fulgham alternately flew the balloon
-    while Kittinger instructed. The missions were flown at night to take
-    advantage of light winds and avoid the effects of diurnal heating on
-    the helium (the lifting gas that filled the balloon). Used for these
-    missions were 30-foot diameter polyethylene balloons and an aluminum
-    gondola especially designed for low altitude training.</p>
-
-  <p>The first training mission scheduled for May 19, 1959 was canceled due
-    to equipment problems.<a id="FNanchor_2_173" href="#Footnote_2_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a>
-    Problems overcome, the next day at 1:30 a.m. the mission launched from
-    White Sands Proving Ground.<a id="FNanchor_2_174" href="#Footnote_2_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a>
-    The objective of this flight was to practice gas valving and ballasting
-    techniques necessary for balloon control and to practice landings. After
-    a five-hour flight, the balloon landed without incident just after sunrise
-    northwest of El Paso, Texas.<a id="FNanchor_2_175" href="#Footnote_2_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The second training flight, launched at 2:41 a.m. on May 21, 1959, from
-    behind the Balloon Branch building, Bldg. 850 at Holloman AFB.<a id="FNanchor_2_176" href="#Footnote_2_176" class="fnanchor">[176]</a>
-    Near the end of another successful training mission with the same objectives
-    as the previous flight, a mishap occurred resulting in injuries to two of the
-    pilots, Fulgham and Kittinger.<a id="FNanchor_2_177" href="#Footnote_2_177" class="fnanchor">[177]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_17"><img class="w100" src="images/i_106.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 17. In May 1959, Capt. Dan D. Fulgham (<i>left</i>) and
-      Capt. William C. Kaufman, pilots and Aero Medical Research officers
-      from Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio were assigned temporary duty to
-      Holloman AFB, N.M. to train as high altitude balloon pilots. Fulgham
-      and Kaufman were trained by Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. (<i>photo
-      collection of Dan D. Fulgham</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><b>The Mishap.</b> Just after sunrise on May 21, 1959, following a
-    successful low level training flight east of Holloman AFB over the
-    Sacramento Mountains, Kittinger, the instructor pilot, determined
-    the balloon should be landed in a small field approximately 10 miles
-    northwest of Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_2_178" href="#Footnote_2_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a>
-    This was necessary because of approaching bad weather and the field was
-    the last suitable landing site before overflying the city of
-    Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_2_179" href="#Footnote_2_179" class="fnanchor">[179]</a>
-    When the balloon touched down, a higher than normal forward velocity for
-    landing caused the gondola to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">107</span>
-    overturn.<a id="FNanchor_2_180" href="#Footnote_2_180" class="fnanchor">[180]</a>
-    The three pilots, Kittinger, Fulgham, and Kaufman, were spilled from the
-    gondola pinning Fulgham’s head between the edge of the gondola and the
-    ground.<a id="FNanchor_2_181" href="#Footnote_2_181" class="fnanchor">[181]</a>
-    The impact shattered his helmet and he sustained a head injury.<a id="FNanchor_2_182" href="#Footnote_2_182" class="fnanchor">[182]</a>
-    When the three pilots climbed out from under the gondola, Fulgham noticed
-    that his “head seemed to be protruding outward from underneath [his]
-    helmet.”<a id="FNanchor_2_183" href="#Footnote_2_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a>
-    Kittinger also received an injury, a minor facial laceration. The crew of
-    the nearby chase helicopter and personnel in the ground tracking vehicles
-    rushed to the scene.<a id="FNanchor_2_184" href="#Footnote_2_184" class="fnanchor">[184]</a>
-    For medical treatment, the pilots were transported by the helicopter to
-    nearby Walker AFB.<a id="FNanchor_2_185" href="#Footnote_2_185" class="fnanchor">[185]</a></p>
-
-  <p>When the helicopter landed at Walker AFB, it was met by armed security
-    personnel who sought to verify the purpose of the unannounced
-    arrival.<a id="FNanchor_2_186" href="#Footnote_2_186" class="fnanchor">[186]</a>
-    The security personnel escorted the balloon pilots to the hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_187" href="#Footnote_2_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a>
-    The balloon recovery and communications crew, after retrieving the gondola
-    and balloon, drove to Walker AFB to check on the injured crew and to inform
-    the Balloon Branch at Holloman AFB of the accident.<a id="FNanchor_2_188" href="#Footnote_2_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a></p>
-
-  <p>At the Walker AFB hospital, Fulgham and Kittinger received treatment
-    for their injuries and neither required admission. Meanwhile, the
-    Walker AFB security officials continued to escort the unannounced
-    visitors while verifying their identities.<a id="FNanchor_2_189" href="#Footnote_2_189" class="fnanchor">[189]</a>
-    The pilot’s identities and purpose for their visit were confirmed via phone
-    by Colonel Stapp, Aero Medical Laboratory commander at Wright-Patterson AFB
-    (the pilots and Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> were assigned
-    to this organization).<a id="FNanchor_2_190" href="#Footnote_2_190" class="fnanchor">[190]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Kittinger, the <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> project officer, wanted to leave the
-    hospital as quickly as possible after he and Fulgham received medical
-    attention.<a id="FNanchor_2_191" href="#Footnote_2_191" class="fnanchor">[191]</a>
-    The quick departure was to avoid unwanted scrutiny by Walker AFB flying safety
-    officials.<a id="FNanchor_2_192" href="#Footnote_2_192" class="fnanchor">[192]</a>
-    When released by the flight surgeon, the three pilots boarded the chase helicopter
-    and returned to Holloman AFB approximately 100 miles to the west.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_18"><img class="w100" src="images/i_107.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 18. The balloon training missions flown from
-      Holloman AFB, N.M. in May 1959, were made in an open gondola suspended
-      beneath a 30-foot diameter polyethylene balloon. This photo was taken
-      on May 21, 1959 by Balloon Branch communications technician, A2C Ole
-      Jorgeson just prior to the mishap which resulted in injuries to two of
-      the pilots. (<i>photo collection of Ole Jorgeson</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">109</span>
-    <h3 id="Section_2_4">2.4<br />Comparison of the Hospital Account<br />to the Balloon Mishap</h3>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The balloon mishap near Roswell on May 21, 1959 provides the probable
-    explanation for some of the remaining elements of the incident
-    profile—the redheaded captain, the unusual security at the hospital,
-    the wreckage in the rear of an ambulance, and one portion of the
-    accounts of “aliens” at the Roswell AAF hospital.</p>
-
-  <h4>The “Redheaded Captain”</h4>
-
-  <p>It is highly probable that the descriptions of a redheaded captain
-    are those of Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., now a retired Colonel.
-    Kittinger, who has red hair, was present at the Walker AFB hospital
-    the entire time the events involving the balloon mishap took place.
-    This is the second Roswell account that describes a captain with
-    red hair. As related in <a href="#SECTION_ONE">Section One</a> of this report (see <a href="#Page_77">page 77</a>
-    and <a href="#Appendix_C">Appendix C</a>, page 194), a redheaded captain was also allegedly
-    present at the “crashed saucer” site on the San Agustin
-    Plains.<a id="FNanchor_2_193" href="#Footnote_2_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a>
-    That account was consistent with Kittinger’s responsibilities as the
-    <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>
-    pilot and project officer. As
-    project officer of two research programs that utilized high altitude
-    balloons and as a chase pilot on many other high altitude balloon
-    missions, Kittinger often accompanied balloon launch and recovery
-    crews. He was present both on the ground and in the air at balloon
-    launch and recovery locations throughout New Mexico and the Southwest
-    United States to launch and retrieve anthropomorphic dummies used for
-    Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and unmanned test gondolas used for Project
-    <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>.<a id="FNanchor_2_194" href="#Footnote_2_194" class="fnanchor">[194]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Following the accident, when the balloon pilots were transported to
-    the Walker AFB hospital for medical treatment, Kittinger wanted to
-    leave as soon as possible.<a id="FNanchor_2_195" href="#Footnote_2_195" class="fnanchor">[195]</a>
-    He recalled in a recent interview that his desire to quickly leave Walker
-    AFB was to avoid the initiation of a formal accident investigation. He
-    believed that an accident investigation might bring unwanted scrutiny to
-    Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and delay or even cancel the controversial
-    project.<a id="FNanchor_2_196" href="#Footnote_2_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a>
-    The controversy surrounding Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>
-    was due principally to the hazardous nature of the high altitude escape
-    research. Some senior research and development officials within the Air
-    Force were reluctant to support a project that required a human subject
-    to parachute from a balloon gondola at over 100,000 feet. An accident
-    investigation at this juncture would most likely delay the human high
-    altitude free-fall tests scheduled for the fall of 1959 and may have
-    resulted in cancellation of the project.<a id="FNanchor_2_197" href="#Footnote_2_197" class="fnanchor">[197]</a></p>
-
-  <p>While at the hospital, Kittinger consulted by phone with his commander,
-    Colonel Stapp.<a id="FNanchor_2_198" href="#Footnote_2_198" class="fnanchor">[198]</a>
-    Stapp agreed with Kittinger’s assessment that a quick departure from the
-    Walker AFB hospital, after receiving appropriate medical attention, was in
-    the best interest of the project.<a id="FNanchor_2_199" href="#Footnote_2_199" class="fnanchor">[199]</a></p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">110</span></p>
-
-  <p>The statements attributed to the redheaded captain, “You did not see
-    anything. There was no crash here. You don’t go into town making any
-    rumors that you saw anything or that there was any crash,”<a id="FNanchor_2_200" href="#Footnote_2_200" class="fnanchor">[200]</a>
-    were consistent with Kittinger’s desire to avoid an accident investigation.
-    However, when interviewed for this report, neither Kittinger nor any of the
-    other persons documented as having been present in the hospital that day
-    recalled encountering Dennis.<a id="FNanchor_2_201" href="#Footnote_2_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a></p>
-
-  <p>What may have led an uninformed person, such as Dennis, to believe
-    they were witnessing, or were told of, an unusual or classified event,
-    was that when the injured balloon pilots arrived at the Walker AFB
-    hospital, even though Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> was unclassified,
-    Kittinger sought to limit disclosure of negative information and
-    publicity.<a id="FNanchor_2_202" href="#Footnote_2_202" class="fnanchor">[202]</a></p>
-
-  <p>By 1959, having been the subject of intense media scrutiny
-    following his June 1957 <span class="smcap">Man High</span> I high altitude balloon
-    flight, Kittinger was aware of both the positive and negative
-    aspects of publicity. In his 1961 book, <cite>The Long, Lonely Leap</cite>,
-    Kittinger described this self-imposed secrecy regarding Project
-    <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, “The secrecy imposed upon <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> was
-    of our own choosing. We believed ... that any unnecessary conversation
-    about our activities ... would simply be premature.”<a id="FNanchor_2_203" href="#Footnote_2_203" class="fnanchor">[203]</a>
-    When interviewed for this report, Kittinger further explained of Project
-    <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and the visit to the hospital at Walker AFB: “We
-    didn’t want publicity ... about anything we were doing. So it would
-    have appeared to someone not conversant with the project that we were
-    ‘hush-hush,’ that we were secretive ... it might look like we were
-    trying to cover up a classified mission.”<a id="FNanchor_2_204" href="#Footnote_2_204" class="fnanchor">[204]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The allegations that the redheaded captain, an apparent reference to
-    Kittinger, threatened anyone while he was at the Walker AFB hospital
-    are untrue. When interviewed for this report and in signed statements
-    obtained from Kittinger, the two other balloon pilots, the doctor
-    who treated them, the medic aboard the helicopter, and the Balloon
-    Branch communications technician who were present at the hospital
-    that day (see <a href="#Appendix_B">Appendix B</a>), none of them recalled that Kittinger was
-    involved in an altercation or made threatening remarks to
-    anyone.<a id="FNanchor_2_205" href="#Footnote_2_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a>
-    Involvement in an altercation with a civilian would have highlighted the
-    presence of the balloon crew and possibly brought the type of negative publicity
-    Kittinger sought to avoid. This would not only have violated Kittinger’s policy
-    of maintaining a low profile in regard to <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>,
-    but would be completely out of character for the
-    seasoned test pilot.</p>
-
-  <p>Throughout his career, Kittinger was renowned for his ability
-    to maintain his composure in difficult, often life threatening,
-    situations. He faced these situations as a test pilot, as a combat
-    pilot and squadron commander in Southeast Asia, and as a Prisoner
-    of War while subjected to severe torture at the hands of the North
-    Vietnamese. In <cite>The Pre-Astronauts</cite>, which chronicles many of
-    Kittinger’s accomplishments in the field of aeronautics, including
-    Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> and <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>, the author offered
-    the following description of him:</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">111</span></p>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p><em>Kittinger was not Buck Rogers, nor was he a daredevil or
-      thrill-seeker. He was a modern day test pilot: intense, focused,
-      usually quiet, and always polite with firm religious convictions
-      and a powerful sense of loyalty. If he was often stubborn,
-      uncompromising, and demanding he also dealt fairly and respectfully
-      with those who came into contact with him. He was a straight arrow
-      and a straight shooter.</em><a id="FNanchor_2_206" href="#Footnote_2_206" class="fnanchor">[206]</a></p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_19"><img class="w100" src="images/i_111.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 19. Maj. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. in 1963 as a
-      member of the 1st Air Commando Wing, Ben Hoa, Republic of Vietnam.
-      (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>Colonel Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., USAF (Ret)</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>Colonel Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.’s career in the U.S. Air Force and in
-      aviation has spanned the spectrum of experiences: test pilot, balloon
-      pilot, test parachutist, combat fighter pilot, MiG killer, combat
-      squadron commander, and prisoner of war. He has demonstrated, during a
-      nearly 30-year military career and beyond, that he is among the very
-      best in the U.S. Air Force and the field of aeronautics.</p>
-
-    <p>Kittinger began his career in 1949 as a U.S. Air Force aviation
-      cadet. After earning his wings at Las Vegas AFB, Nev. in March 1950,
-      he was assigned to fighter squadrons in Germany and then as a test
-      pilot for NATO. In 1953, Kittinger received an assignment as a test
-      pilot to Holloman AFB, N.M. While at Holloman, he began a many year
-      collaboration with the legendary Air Force scientist and physician,
-      Col. John P. Stapp. In association with Stapp on numerous aero medical
-      projects, Kittinger became the first pilot to fly zero-gravity
-      experiments, now commonly used for astronaut training. For project
-      <span class="smcap">Man High</span> on June 2, 1957, Kittinger piloted a high altitude
-      balloon to 96,000 feet to examine the physiological and psychological
-      effects on man in a space equivalent environment. This flight marked
-      the origins of the manned U.S. space program with the experience
-      gained from <span class="smcap">Man High</span> being incorporated in NASA’s Project
-      <span class="smcap">Mercury</span>.</p>
-
-    <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">112</span></p>
-
-    <p>After <span class="smcap">Man High</span>, and again in association with Stapp,
-      Kittinger directed Project <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, a study of human
-      free-fall characteristics following aircraft escape at extremely
-      high altitudes. After extensive testing with anthropomorphic
-      dummies, Kittinger made three parachute jumps from high altitude
-      balloons: 76,400 feet on November 16, 1959; 74,700 feet on December
-      11, 1959; and 102,800 feet on August 16, 1960. For these courageous
-      scientific achievements Kittinger was awarded the Distinguished
-      Flying Cross, the Harmon Trophy by President Eisenhower, the
-      still-standing world records for highest parachute jump and length
-      of a free-fall—and the distinction of being the only living person
-      to exceed the speed of sound without an aircraft or spacecraft!</p>
-
-    <p>With the completion of <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, Kittinger became
-      the pilot, project officer, and project engineer for
-      <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>, an astronomical observation experiment. This
-      was the third and final Air Force manned high altitude balloon
-      project, Kittinger had flown in all three.</p>
-
-    <p>In 1963, he was assigned to the Air Commandos (now Special
-      Operations) and flew two combat tours in Southeast Asia in B-26
-      and A-26 aircraft. After a tour in Germany as a liaison officer
-      with the U.S. Army Special Forces, Kittinger returned to Southeast
-      Asia in 1971, flying F-4 aircraft and commanding the famous 555th
-      “Triple Nickel” Tactical Fighter Squadron at Udorn AB, Thailand. On
-      March 1, 1972 Kittinger engaged and destroyed a MiG-21 over North
-      Vietnam and is credited with an aerial victory. On May 11, 1972,
-      after 483 combat missions and more than 1,000 combat flying hours,
-      Kittinger was shot down over Hanoi and spent 11 months as a POW in
-      the infamous “Hanoi Hilton.” When placed with other POWs following
-      solitary confinement and severe torture, Kittinger was moved
-      repeatedly by his North Vietnamese captors due to his effectiveness
-      in motivating other prisoners to maintain strong resistance
-      postures.</p>
-
-    <p>Kittinger retired from the Air Force in 1978 and became involved
-      in both sport aircraft flying and gas ballooning. He operated
-      Rosie O’Grady’s Flying Circus in his hometown of Orlando, Fla.,
-      performing skywriting, banner towing, and hot air and helium
-      balloon demonstrations at nearby Walt Disney World. He also
-      captured the coveted Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Championship an
-      unprecedented four times (three consecutive), entitling him to
-      retire the trophy.</p>
-
-    <p>In September 1984, Kittinger made history again, when, in the
-      tradition of Lindbergh, he became the first person to make a solo
-      crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon.</p>
-
-    <p>Kittinger’s military decorations include the Silver Star with
-      one oak leaf cluster, Legion of Merit with one oak leaf cluster,
-      Distinguished Flying Cross with five oak leaf clusters, Bronze Star
-      Medal with “V” device and two oak leaf clusters, Air Medal with
-      23 oak leaf clusters, Purple Heart with one oak leaf cluster, POW
-      medal, and the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm.</p>
-
-    <p>Kittinger’s indomitable spirit, personal courage and dedication to
-      duty are legendary. His ability to achieve seemingly unattainable
-      objectives while earning the respect and absolute loyalty of those
-      who served with him defines this rare breed of warrior-leader.</p>
-
-    <p>In October 1995, he received yet another honor and was named a
-      recipient of the prestigious “Elder Statesman of Aviation” award by
-      the National Aeronautics Association. This honor is bestowed upon
-      an individual who over a period of years, has made “significant
-      contributions to aeronautics” and for “reflecting credit upon
-      himself and America.” Without a doubt, there are few that exemplify
-      these virtues more than this truly distinctive American, Joseph W.
-      Kittinger, Jr.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">113</span></p>
-
-  <h4>The “Wreckage” in the<br />Rear of the Ambulance</h4>
-
-  <p>The various types of wreckage described in the rear of an ambulance at
-    the Walker AFB hospital also appear to be related to the 1959 balloon
-    accident. Some of this wreckage allegedly had odd inscriptions, touted
-    by UFO theorists as “alien” hieroglyphics.</p>
-
-  <p>A requirement of balloon pilot training missions were that they be
-    closely monitored by balloon recovery and medical personnel.<a id="FNanchor_2_207" href="#Footnote_2_207" class="fnanchor">[207]</a>
-    Ground crews from Holloman AFB followed the balloon flight from its
-    launch site there to its landing site 10 miles northwest of
-    Roswell.<a id="FNanchor_2_208" href="#Footnote_2_208" class="fnanchor">[208]</a>
-    Two of the vehicles that followed the balloon were Dodge M-43 ¾-ton field
-    ambulances and a third was an M-37 ¾-ton utility vehicle or “weapons
-    carrier.”<a id="FNanchor_2_209" href="#Footnote_2_209" class="fnanchor">[209]</a>
-    One ambulance was assigned to this mission for its standard use—a medical
-    response vehicle. The other ambulance had been converted by the Holloman
-    AFB Balloon Branch and served as a communications vehicle on balloon recovery
-    missions.<a id="FNanchor_2_210" href="#Footnote_2_210" class="fnanchor">[210]</a>
-    The additional communications equipment, mounted in the rear compartment of
-    the ambulance, drastically altered what someone expected to see in an ambulance of this type.</p>
-
-  <p>Dennis related that he was walking fast when he observed what he
-    thought was wreckage in the rear of an ambulance.<a id="FNanchor_2_211" href="#Footnote_2_211" class="fnanchor">[211]</a>
-    This quick glance apparently resulted in descriptions of two pieces of wreckage
-    leaning against the interior of the rear compartment of the ambulance that
-    “was kind of like the bottom of a canoe ... like stainless steel ... with kind
-    of a bluish-purplish tinge to it.”<a id="FNanchor_2_212" href="#Footnote_2_212" class="fnanchor">[212]</a>
-    UFO theorists have suggested that these objects were alien spaceship “escape pods”
-    recovered by the Army Air Forces. However, this appears to be a remarkably accurate
-    description of two steel panels painted Air Force blue on a converted ambulance
-    used by the Balloon Branch for this mission.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_20"><img class="w100" src="images/i_113.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 20. Balloon Branch Communications Technician, A2C
-      Ole Jorgeson, now a retired Master Sergeant, in the rear compartment
-      of an M-43 ambulance. Ambulances of this type were converted by the
-      Balloon Branch to communications vehicles in the late 1950s. It appears
-      the witness described the two panels painted Air Force blue (<i>lower
-      right and left of ambulance</i>) as “bluish-purplish” “wreckage” that
-      looked “kinda like the bottom of a canoe” and the stenciled writing
-      above them as “hieroglyphics”—See figs. 21 and 22 on next page. (<i>photo
-      collection of Ole Jorgeson</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">114</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_21"><img class="w100" src="images/i_114a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 21. (<i>Above</i>) Enlargement of stenciled writing from
-      photograph below. This lettering was apparently later described as
-      “hieroglyphics.”</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_22"><img class="w100" src="images/i_114b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 22. (<i>Below</i>) Steel panels painted Air Force blue
-      (<i>lower right and left</i>) described as “bluish-purplish” “wreckage” that
-      looked “kinda like the bottom of a canoe.” (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>The “inscription or something,”<a id="FNanchor_2_213" href="#Footnote_2_213" class="fnanchor">[213]</a>
-    the so called “hieroglyphics,” were a probable reference to the lettering painted
-    on the equipment support rack above the panels. The lettering on the rack would be
-    visible, but probably not readable, to an observer that quickly walked past the
-    ambulance. Other wreckage “all over the floor” that was “like broken glass,”<a id="FNanchor_2_214" href="#Footnote_2_214" class="fnanchor">[214]</a>
-    was a probable reference to the clear plastic 30-foot polyethylene balloon that
-    was recovered following the balloon training mission and placed in the back of the
-    converted ambulance or the weapons carrier for later disposal.</p>
-
-  <p>Dennis also recalled that he parked the vehicle he was driving
-    near three field ambulances and then walked up the ramp into the
-    hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_215" href="#Footnote_2_215" class="fnanchor">[215]</a>
-    The description of ambulances near a “ramp” is consistent with the recollections
-    of the Balloon Branch Communication Technician who drove the converted ambulance
-    to the Walker AFB hospital following the balloon accident. While waiting for the
-    injured pilots, A2C Ole Jorgeson, now a retired Master Sergeant, recalled in a
-    recent interview that he parked the converted ambulance near a ramp at the
-    hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_216" href="#Footnote_2_216" class="fnanchor">[216]</a>
-    A review of Walker AFB hospital records revealed that there was only one ramp.
-    The ramp was attached to the hospital dispensary, Walker AFB Bldg.
-    317.<a id="FNanchor_2_217" href="#Footnote_2_217" class="fnanchor">[217]</a>
-    The other ambulances described by the witness were either the other ambulance
-    from Holloman<span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">115</span> AFB that
-    provided medical support of the balloon flight or the two “standby”
-    ambulances, that in May 1959, were routinely positioned adjacent to the
-    ramp behind the dispensary at Walker AFB.<a id="FNanchor_2_218" href="#Footnote_2_218" class="fnanchor">[218]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_23"><img class="w100" src="images/i_115.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 23. “It was all sharp ... like broken glass,” a
-      witness’ description of debris in the rear of an ambulance at Walker
-      AFB. The debris described was most probably the remnants of the
-      polyethylene balloon, similar to the one in this photo, recovered by
-      Balloon Branch personnel following the mishap in May 1959. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <h4>Additional Security at the<br />Walker AFB Hospital</h4>
-
-  <p>The witness described what appeared to be a heightened state of
-    security at the hospital when he allegedly took the injured airman
-    there for treatment. UFO theorists contend the heightened security at
-    the hospital was because alien remains were being autopsied. However,
-    it appears that the witness described the security measures taken by
-    Walker AFB personnel due to the unusual circumstances of the arrival of
-    the balloon crew.</p>
-
-  <p>In 1959, Walker AFB was a part of the 47th Air Division of Strategic
-    Air Command (SAC). It was home of the 6th Bombardment Wing (6th BW),
-    equipped with the nuclear capable B-52 Stratofortress bomber (the
-    509th BW was reassigned to Pease AFB, NH on July 1, 1958).<a id="FNanchor_2_219" href="#Footnote_2_219" class="fnanchor">[219]</a> The
-    mission of the 6th BW, to strike the enemy with nuclear weapons
-    anywhere in the world at a moment’s notice, demanded a heightened state
-    of security at all times. One of the methods instituted during this
-    period to maintain the high standards of security and effectiveness
-    of SAC units, was unannounced “surprise” visits of Headquarters SAC
-    inspection teams. A favored method of transportation for these surprise
-    visits was a helicopter. When a SAC inspection team landed at a base,
-    often the first evaluation they made was of the security response to
-    their unannounced arrival. Failure of security personnel to properly
-    challenge unidentified visitors, regardless of their method of arrival,
-    was considered a serious breach of security.</p>
-
-  <p>When transported to Walker AFB for medical treatment, unexpected and at
-    an early hour, the balloon crew, not surprisingly, was met by armed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">116</span>
-    security personnel.<a id="FNanchor_2_220" href="#Footnote_2_220" class="fnanchor">[220]</a> The security personnel escorted them to the
-    hospital and remained with them until their identities and purpose of
-    their visit were verified. Kaufman, one of the balloon pilots, recalled
-    that their presence at Walker AFB was initially met with skepticism.</p>
-
-  <p>“The [helicopter] pilot called the tower and said ... having come from
-    an experimental base, it was nothing unusual for him to have a balloon
-    accident. ‘We’ve got an injured pilot on board. There’s been a balloon
-    accident and we would like the flight surgeon and an ambulance to meet
-    us at the tower.’ The tower established the fact that yes, we were an
-    Air Force chopper and that we seemed to have somebody injured and what
-    had we been doing? We had been shooting touch and go landings in a
-    balloon?... We got clearance to land ... right in front of the tower,
-    and we were met by an ambulance and several MPs with machine guns.”<a id="FNanchor_2_221" href="#Footnote_2_221" class="fnanchor">[221]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_24"><img class="w100" src="images/i_116a.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 24. Walker AFB Building 317, hospital dispensary
-      with attached ramp, as it appeared in June 1954. It is in this building
-      that UFO theorists allege that “alien autopsies” were accomplished
-      in July 1947. However, this was the same building that Capt. Fulgham
-      received treatment following the balloon accident on May 21, 1959.
-      Persons apparently observed him and later related the unusual
-      circumstances surrounding the balloon mishap as part of the “Roswell
-      Incident.” (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_25"><img class="w100" src="images/i_116b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 25. Main gate at Walker AFB, N.M., formerly Roswell
-      AAF, as it appeared in 1954. During the 1950s, the highly secure base
-      was the home of the nuclear capable 509th and 6th Bombardment Wings of
-      Strategic Air Command. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">117</span></p>
-
-  <p>According to the medical technician who arrived on the helicopter
-    with the pilots, he had difficulty persuading a flight surgeon to
-    attend to the injured pilots. SSgt. Roland H. “Hap” Lutz, now a
-    retired Chief Master Sergeant, recalled when he first contacted the
-    Walker AFB hospital explaining that he had three persons injured in a
-    “gondola accident,” the flight surgeon told him to “Go home and sleep
-    it off.”<a id="FNanchor_2_222" href="#Footnote_2_222" class="fnanchor">[222]</a> Fulgham, the injured pilot, recalled that when they got
-    to the hospital, “there was this controversy going on in the hospital
-    about who in the hell we were ... we weren’t supposed to be there and
-    nobody knew anything about Air Force officers flying balloons ... we
-    could have been ... [trying] to penetrate the security.”<a id="FNanchor_2_223" href="#Footnote_2_223" class="fnanchor">[223]</a> Walker
-    AFB security officials were satisfied of the pilots’ identities when
-    they spoke to Colonel Stapp, commander of the Aero Medical Laboratory
-    at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.</p>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_26"><img class="w100" src="images/i_117.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 26. Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr. (<i>right</i>), is
-      shown here in 1962 with Dr. J. Allen Hynek while preparing for the
-      project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> high altitude balloon flight. (<i>U.S. Air
-      Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="large center"><b>The “Red-headed Captain” and Dr. J. Allen Hynek</b></div>
-
-  <blockquote>
-    <p>Captain Kittinger, the <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span> high altitude balloon
-      pilot and project engineer, had extensive professional contact
-      with Dr. J. Allen Hynek, an astronomer and <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>
-      project scientist. Additionally, Hynek was also one of the
-      scientific consultants in the Air Force study of UFOs, Project
-      <span class="smcap">Bluebook</span>. Hynek is best known, however, for his apparent
-      endorsement of extraterrestrial theories concerning UFOs after
-      concluding his associations with the Air Force.</p>
-
-    <p>When asked about his recollections of Hynek, Kittinger stated
-      that when they were associated, from 1958 to 1963, they discussed
-      UFOs at length.<a id="FNanchor_2_224" href="#Footnote_2_224" class="fnanchor">[224]</a>
-      <span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">118</span> At that time, Hynek was steadfast in his
-      opinion that most, if not all, UFO sightings could be resolved by
-      applying known scientific analysis.<a id="FNanchor_2_225" href="#Footnote_2_225" class="fnanchor">[225]</a>
-      Kittinger said he was “flabbergasted” when, years later, Hynek appeared to reverse his
-      opinion and endorse extraterrestrial explanations.<a id="FNanchor_2_226" href="#Footnote_2_226" class="fnanchor">[226]</a>
-      Hynek’s reversal in philosophies led to numerous commercial endeavors, most
-      notably as a technical advisor for the science-fiction film <cite>Close
-      Encounters of the Third Kind</cite>.</p>
-
-    <p>Also, based on his experience with project <span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>,
-      Hynek was familiar with balloon operations at Holloman AFB,
-      visiting the Holloman Balloon Branch several times.<a id="FNanchor_2_227" href="#Footnote_2_227" class="fnanchor">[227]</a>
-      Interestingly, there is no record that Hynek, who died in 1986,
-      ever endorsed what is now presented as the “best evidence” of UFOs,
-      the so-called Roswell Incident, which was actually a conglomeration
-      of numerous events, some with origins in Holloman AFB launched balloons.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_break.png" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <h4>The Alien at the Hospital</h4>
-
-  <p>In at least one account of the Roswell Incident, a witness claimed he
-    observed a “creature” walk under its own power into the hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_228" href="#Footnote_2_228" class="fnanchor">[228]</a>
-    While the specifics of this particular sighting cannot be verified,
-    the injury that caused Fulgham’s head to swell, resembling the classic
-    science-fiction alien head, makes this account (and some others) that
-    at first appeared to be the work of over-active imaginations, seem
-    possible.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right">
-        <a id="Fig_2_27"><img class="illow66" src="images/i_118.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 27. Clinical Record Cover Sheet from medical records of Capt. Dan
-      D. Fulgham describing injuries he received in the balloon accident on
-      May 21, 1959.</div>
-    <div class="link"><a href="#trans_27">Go to transcription of text</a></div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">119</span></p>
-
-  <p>When the balloon gondola struck Fulgham’s head, he received, according
-    to his clinical record from May 21, 1959, an “Extensive hematoma
-    forehead and ant [anterior] scalp.”<a id="FNanchor_2_229" href="#Footnote_2_229" class="fnanchor">[229]</a>
-    A hematoma is a localized blood-filled swelling, that in this instance was on the forehead. The
-    hematoma resulted in immediate facial swelling, two black eyes and
-    later caused his skin to turn yellow.<a id="FNanchor_2_230" href="#Footnote_2_230" class="fnanchor">[230]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The rapid onset of the swelling caused both of Fulgham’s eyes to
-    close. As it progressed, according to Kittinger who accompanied
-    Fulgham at the hospital, “His whole face had swollen up and his
-    nose barely protruded.”<a id="FNanchor_2_231" href="#Footnote_2_231" class="fnanchor">[231]</a>
-    This appearance lead Kittinger to characterize Fulgham’s appearance at the time as “just a big blob” and
-    “grotesque.”<a id="FNanchor_2_232" href="#Footnote_2_232" class="fnanchor">[232]</a></p>
-
-  <p>When interviewed, Fulgham remembered that even though he didn’t feel
-    bad, “I didn’t know how bad I looked.” There was no attempt to hide
-    or limit Fulgham’s exposure to persons in the hospital that day. In
-    fact, when he arrived at the hospital Fulgham recalled that he stopped
-    outside the building to smoke a cigarette. Kaufman also recalled that
-    the injured pilots, Fulgham and Kittinger, waited for treatment on a
-    bench in the hallway of the hospital. Kaufman added that a number of
-    military wives were present in the hospital that day for prenatal care,
-    and there was no effort to keep Fulgham from their view.<a id="FNanchor_2_233" href="#Footnote_2_233" class="fnanchor">[233]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_28"><img class="w100" src="images/i_119.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig 28. Capt. Dan D. Fulgham at Wright-Patterson
-      AFB, Ohio several days after the balloon accident with a “traumatic
-      hematoma” on his forehead. This photo shows Fulgham after blood had
-      been aspirated from under his scalp and a substantial amount of
-      swelling had dissipated. Concerns that Fulgham’s odd appearance might
-      startle uninformed persons was why he was returned to Wright-Patterson
-      AFB aboard a specially arranged flight from Holloman AFB, N.M. (<i>photo
-      collection of Dan D. Fulgham</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">120</span></p>
-
-  <h4>“Bodies” with Large Heads<br />and Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio</h4>
-
-  <p>UFO theorists contend that the U.S. Army Air Forces secretly shipped
-    the alien bodies with large heads to Wright-Patterson AFB for further
-    processing and deep-freeze storage. However, it is likely that, in this
-    account, this is a reference to Fulgham’s return to Wright-Patterson
-    AFB following the balloon mishap.</p>
-
-  <p>Although Fulgham did not require hospitalization at Walker AFB, upon
-    his return to Holloman AFB he was admitted to the base hospital for
-    observation. Three days later on May 24, 1959, the balloon pilots were
-    flown from Holloman to Wright-Patterson AFB on a specially arranged
-    flight aboard a C-131 hospital aircraft.<a id="FNanchor_2_234" href="#Footnote_2_234" class="fnanchor">[234]</a></p>
-
-  <p>The return to Wright-Patterson AFB was directed by Stapp and
-    coordinated by Kittinger.<a id="FNanchor_2_235" href="#Footnote_2_235" class="fnanchor">[235]</a>
-    The preliminary arrangements for this flight were made by Kittinger while at the Walker AFB
-    hospital.<a id="FNanchor_2_236" href="#Footnote_2_236" class="fnanchor">[236]</a>
-    Kittinger recalled that conversations with Stapp regarding their
-    return to Wright-Patterson AFB were made by phone in busy areas of the
-    hospital and these conversations could have been overheard by nearly
-    anyone present.<a id="FNanchor_2_237" href="#Footnote_2_237" class="fnanchor">[237]</a></p>
-
-  <p>Upon their arrival at Wright-Patterson, Fulgham, who Kittinger did not
-    want to transport on a commercial flight due to his odd appearance,
-    still could not open his eyes and had to be led down the steps of the
-    aircraft. Kittinger recalled that Fulgham’s wife was waiting at the
-    bottom of the aircraft steps when they arrived.</p>
-
-  <p>“They dropped the ramp and I looked down at the bottom and there was
-    Dan Fulgham’s wife,” Kittinger said. “Dan couldn’t see ... so I grabbed
-    him by the arm ... Dan’s wife sees me leading this blob down the
-    staircase ... and she looks right at me and says, ‘Where’s my husband?’
-    I said, ‘Ma’am, this is your husband’. I presented her this blob that I
-    was leading down the ramp. And she let out this scream you could hear a
-    mile away. He was such a horrendous looking thing that she had no idea
-    that the thing I was leading down that ramp was her husband.”<a id="FNanchor_2_238" href="#Footnote_2_238" class="fnanchor">[238]</a></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_29"><img class="w100" src="images/i_120.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 29. As a physiologist for the space program,
-      Fulgham (<i>third from left</i>) discusses Project <span class="smcap">Gemini</span> emergency
-      escape systems at the U.S. Navy Aerospace Recovery facility at El
-      Centro, Calif. on January 28, 1965. Shown with Fulgham (<i>from left</i>)
-      are NASA astronaut Jim Lovell, NASA project engineer Hilary Ray, and
-      NASA astronaut Alan Bean. (<i>U.S. Navy photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">121</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right"><a id="Fig_2_30"><img class="illow75" src="images/i_121.jpg" alt="" /></a></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 30. A veteran of 100 combat missions during the
-      Korean conflict, Fulgham flew 133 combat missions in F-4 aircraft
-      (shown here) in 1966–67 as a member of the 555th “Triple Nickel”
-      Tactical Fighter Squadron at Ubon Air Base, Thailand. (<i>photo
-      collection of Dan D. Fulgham</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>Fulgham recalled that upon his return to work at the Aero Medical
-    Laboratory he received reactions of “immediate compassionate sympathy”
-    from persons he encountered, including his secretary, who cried when
-    she saw him.<a id="FNanchor_2_239" href="#Footnote_2_239" class="fnanchor">[239]</a>
-    Within several weeks, Fulgham returned to flying
-    status with no permanent effects. Fulgham went on to complete a
-    distinguished career in the Air Force and retired as a colonel in 1978.
-    Fulgham’s assignments included combat tours in fighter aircraft in
-    both Korea and Vietnam, as well as an assignment as an experimental
-    parachutist and physiologist for the space program.</p>
-
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5"><b>Summary</b></div>
-
-  <p>In this section, documented research revealed that the reports of
-    “bodies” at the Roswell AAF hospital were grossly inaccurate and most
-    probably had origins in actual Air Force mishaps. Examinations of
-    official records of the alleged primary witnesses revealed that the
-    “missing nurse” was never missing, and the pediatrician did not arrive
-    at the Walker AFB hospital until 1951—four years <em>after</em> the alleged
-    incident. The many fundamental errors in the story, combined with the
-    substantial similarities to the actual mishaps, show that the most
-    credible account associated with the “Roswell Incident” is certainly
-    not extraterrestrial and is unrelated to any events that occurred in
-    July 1947.</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">123</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p>When critically examined, the claims that the U.S. Army Air Forces
-    recovered a flying saucer and alien crew in 1947, were found to be
-    a compilation of many verifiable events. For the most part, the
-    descriptions collected by UFO theorists were of actual operations and
-    tests carried out by the U.S. Air Force in the 1950s. Despite the
-    usual unsavory accusations by UFO proponents of cover-up, conspiracy,
-    intimidation, etc., documented research revealed that many of the
-    activities were actually historic scientific achievements of which the
-    Air Force is very proud. However, other descriptions are believed to be
-    distorted references to Air Force members who were killed or injured in
-    the line of duty. The incomplete and inaccurate intermingling of these
-    actual events were grounded in just enough fact to weave a sensational
-    story, but cannot withstand close scrutiny when compared to official
-    records.</p>
-
-  <p>To analyze reports of alien bodies that at first appeared to be so
-    offbeat as to not be remotely based in fact, it was necessary to
-    evaluate a wide range of books, interviews, videos, etc., that a
-    less objective review might have rejected out of hand. Only through
-    an inclusive evaluation of these sources were Air Force researchers
-    able to understand the interconnectivity of the widely separated
-    events believed responsible for this “incident.” And, in opposition
-    to critics who believe Air Force research involving this subject is
-    anything but objective, this research relied almost exclusively on the
-    descriptions <em><b>provided by the UFO proponents themselves</b></em>. When
-    collected and examined, the actual statements of the witnesses—not
-    the extraterrestrial interpretations of UFO proponents—indicated that
-    something was very wrong. When these descriptions were compared to
-    documented Air Force activities, they were much too similar to be a
-    coincidence. Soon, it became apparent that the witnesses or the UFO
-    proponents who liberally interpreted their statements were either 1)
-    confused, or 2) attempting to perpetrate a hoax, believing that no
-    serious efforts would ever be taken to verify their stories.</p>
-
-  <p>In preparing this report, attempts were made not to only explain
-    <cite>what</cite> conclusions were reached, but <em>how</em> they were reached. This
-    undertaking was to try to de-mystify the research process by outlining
-    the simple and logical research techniques that identified the
-    underlying actual events. In regard to statements of witnesses that
-    were clearly descriptions of Air Force activities, such as those
-    that described anthropomorphic dummies, these could be generously
-    viewed as situational misunderstandings or even honest mistakes.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">124</span>
-    Other descriptions, particularly those believed to be thinly veiled
-    references to deceased or injured Air Force members, are difficult
-    to view as naive misunderstandings. Any attempt to misrepresent or
-    capitalize on tragic incidents in which Air Force members died or were
-    injured in service to their country significantly alters what would
-    otherwise be viewed as simple misinterpretations or honest mistakes.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <div class="right"><a id="Fig_2_31"><img class="w100" src="images/i_124a.jpg" alt="" /></a></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 31. Plaque placed at Holloman AFB honoring three Balloon Branch
-      members killed during a high altitude balloon recovery when their L-20
-      balloon chase plane crashed in the rugged Gila Mountains near Stafford,
-      Ariz. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)<br /><br />
-      <span class="center">IN MEMORIAM</span><br /><br />
-      WILFRED P. CHAMPLAIN, 1ST LT. U.S.A.F.<br />
-      RONALD J. NIELSEN, AIRMAN 1/C U.S.A.F.<br />
-      ROBERT W. MITCHELL<br /><br />
-      WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE RECOVERY<br />
-      OF INSTRUMENTS FROM THE STRATOSPHERE<br />
-      <span class="center">25 AUGUST 1955</span>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt5 mb5">
-    <div class="col75">
-      <a id="Fig_2_32"><img class="illow44" src="images/i_124b.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-      <a id="Fig_2_33"><img class="illow54" src="images/i_124c.jpg" alt="" /></a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="caption">Fig. 32. (<i>Left</i>) The balloon launch facility at Holloman AFB, N.M.
-      was named in honor of Maj. Richard L. Nenninger who died of injuries
-      received in an aircraft crash during a balloon recovery mission on
-      April 7, 1970 in the Sacramento Mountains near Ruidoso, N.M. (<i>U.S. Air
-      Force photo</i>)<br /><br />
-      Fig. 33. (<i>Right</i>) A semiconscious Capt. Joseph W.
-      Kittinger, Jr., following the <span class="smcap">Excelsior</span> I parachute jump
-      from 76,000 feet. With his parachute wrapped around his neck and body
-      and hopelessly out of control, his life was saved by an ingeniously
-      designed reserve parachute system that opened just moments before
-      contacting the desert floor; White Sands Proving Ground, November 16,
-      1959. (<i>U.S. Air Force photo</i>)</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">125</span></p>
-
-  <p>Finally, after reviewing this report, some persons may legitimately ask
-    why the Air Force expended time and effort to respond to mythical, if
-    not comedic, allegations of recoveries of “flying saucers” and “space
-    aliens.” The answer to those persons is:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• Initially the Air Force was required to respond to an official
-    request from the General Accounting Office.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• High altitude balloon research, aircraft escape systems, and
-    other technologies that were misrepresented as part of the Roswell
-    Incident, accounted for significant contributions to the knowledge
-    of the atmosphere, to the quest for space flight, and to the
-    defense of this nation. The U.S. Air Force is exceedingly proud of
-    these accomplishments. Distorted and incomplete descriptions of
-    these activities do not pay tribute to these important exploits
-    or to the individuals who, often at great personal risk, boldly
-    carried them out.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• A sobering reality of the mission of the U.S. Air Force, as
-    evidenced by the aircraft mishaps described in this report, is
-    that defending this nation is a dangerous profession. On a daily
-    basis, members of the U.S. Air Force perform hazardous missions in
-    many locations throughout the world. Unfortunately, these missions
-    sometimes result in injuries or deaths. It is the right—and indeed
-    the duty—of the Air Force to challenge those who attempt to exploit
-    these human tragedies wherever, and whenever, they are discovered.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent1">• The misrepresentations of Air Force activities as an
-    extraterrestrial “incident” is misleading to the public and is
-    simply an affront to the truth.</p>
-
-  <p>This comprehensive further examination of the so-called “Roswell
-    Incident” found no evidence whatsoever of flying saucers, space aliens,
-    or sinister government cover-ups. But, even if unintentionally, it did
-    serve to highlight a series of events that embody the proud history of
-    the finest air force in the world—the U.S. Air Force. The actual events
-    examined here, rich in human and scientific triumph, tempered by the
-    stark realities of the dangers of the Air Force mission, are but one
-    small portion of that history. The many Air Force activities cobbled
-    together in the ever changing collage that has become the “Roswell
-    Incident,” when examined in the clear light of historical research,
-    revealed a remarkable chapter of the Air Force story. In the final
-    analysis, this examination simply illustrates once again, that fact is
-    indeed stranger, and often much more fascinating, than fiction.</p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">127</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Notes_Section_One">Notes - Section One</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_1" href="#FNanchor_1_1" class="label">1.</a> Headquarters United States Air Force, <cite>The Roswell Report:
-      Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert</cite> (Washington, D.C.: U.S.
-      Government Printing Office, 1995), 20–22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_2" href="#FNanchor_1_2" class="label">2.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_3" href="#FNanchor_1_3" class="label">3.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 14.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_4" href="#FNanchor_1_4" class="label">4.</a> Headquarters United States Air Force, <cite>The Roswell Report:
-    Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert</cite> (Washington, D.C.: U.S.
-    Government Printing Office, 1995), 20–22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_5" href="#FNanchor_1_5" class="label">5.</a> Ted Bloecher, <cite>Report of the UFO Wave of 1947</cite> (Washington
-    D.C.: author, 1967), I-13-14.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_6" href="#FNanchor_1_6" class="label">6.</a> Combined History, 509th Bomb Group and Roswell Army
-    Airfield, 1 July-31 July 1947, 39, Air Force Historical Research
-    Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_7" href="#FNanchor_1_7" class="label">7.</a> <cite>Roswell Daily Record</cite>, July 9, 1947, 1.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_8" href="#FNanchor_1_8" class="label">8.</a> <cite><i>Socorro</i> (N.M.) <i>Defensor Chieftain</i></cite>, November 4, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_9" href="#FNanchor_1_9" class="label">9.</a> Don Berliner, <cite>A Rebuttal of the Air Force Project Mogul
-    Explanation for the 1947 Roswell, New Mexico, UFO Crash</cite> (Mount Ranier,
-    Md.: The Fund for UFO Research, 1995), 2.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_10" href="#FNanchor_1_10" class="label">10.</a> Headquarters United States Air Force, <cite>The Roswell
-    Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert</cite> (Washington D.C.:
-    U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995), Attachment 32, <cite>Synopsis of
-    Balloon Research Findings</cite>, by 1st Lt. James McAndrew, 9.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_11" href="#FNanchor_1_11" class="label">11.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 14.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_12" href="#FNanchor_1_12" class="label">12.</a> Video, <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Gerald
-    Anderson interview (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993)
-    (hereafter <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_13" href="#FNanchor_1_13" class="label">13.</a> James Ragsdale, transcript of interview with Donald R.
-    Schmitt, January 26, 1994.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_14" href="#FNanchor_1_14" class="label">14.</a> Frank J. Kaufman, interview with Kevin Randle and Donald
-    Schmitt, January 27, 1990.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">128</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_15" href="#FNanchor_1_15" class="label">15.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_16" href="#FNanchor_1_16" class="label">16.</a> ibid., Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_17" href="#FNanchor_1_17" class="label">17.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_18" href="#FNanchor_1_18" class="label">18.</a> ibid., Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_19" href="#FNanchor_1_19" class="label">19.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_20" href="#FNanchor_1_20" class="label">20.</a> Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, <cite>The Roswell
-      Incident</cite> (New York: Berkley, 1980), 61.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_21" href="#FNanchor_1_21" class="label">21.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_22" href="#FNanchor_1_22" class="label">22.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Alice Knight
-    interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_23" href="#FNanchor_1_23" class="label">23.</a> Ragsdale and <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>,
-    Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_24" href="#FNanchor_1_24" class="label">24.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_25" href="#FNanchor_1_25" class="label">25.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_26" href="#FNanchor_1_26" class="label">26.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_27" href="#FNanchor_1_27" class="label">27.</a> James M. Grimwood, <cite>Project Mercury: A Chronology</cite>,
-    Report No. SP4001 (Wash. D.C.: NASA, 1963) 2–3, and Lloyd Mallan, <cite>Men,
-    Rockets and Space Rats</cite>, (New York: Julian Messier Inc., 1955) 84–98.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_28" href="#FNanchor_1_28" class="label">28.</a> Research Division, College of Engineering, New York
-    University, <cite>Technical Report No. 93.02, Constant Level Balloons</cite>,
-    Section 3, <cite>Summary of Flights</cite>, July 15, 1949.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_29" href="#FNanchor_1_29" class="label">29.</a> Capt. Vincent Mazza and Capt. Richard V. Wheeler, <cite>High
-    altitude Bailouts</cite>, MCREXD-695-66M (Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: USAF Air
-    Materiel Command, September 18, 1950), 10–11.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_30" href="#FNanchor_1_30" class="label">30.</a> A. M. Jacobs, “The Flier’s SOS,” <cite>St. Nicholas Magazine</cite>,
-    Vol. LII, No. 10 (August 1925), 1034–1039.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_31" href="#FNanchor_1_31" class="label">31.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_32" href="#FNanchor_1_32" class="label">32.</a> Memo, Major H.H. Arnold, Chief Field Service Section,
-    to Commanding Officer, San Antonio Air Depot, subj: Drop Testing
-    of Parachutes, November 2, 1929. National Air and Space Museum
-    Archives, Paul E. Garber Facility, Silver Hill, Md., file no. 452.031,
-    Parachutes-(Dummies) 1927–1929.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_33" href="#FNanchor_1_33" class="label">33.</a> J. Allen Neal, <cite>History: Development of Methods for
-    Escape from High Speed Aircraft, Vol. 1</cite>, (Wright-Patterson AFB, OH:
-    Air Research and Development Command, 1958), U.S. Air Force Museum
-    Archives, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">129</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_34" href="#FNanchor_1_34" class="label">34.</a> Memo, Ted Smith, to W.A. Daler, subj: Bid for Purchase
-    Request No. 301200, September 17, 1954, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, Accession No. 342-67E-2954, box 5/15, file 28.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_35" href="#FNanchor_1_35" class="label">35.</a> H.T.E. Hertzberg, <cite>Anthropology of Anthropomorphic
-    Dummies</cite>, Air Force Medical Research Laboratory, AMRL-TR-69-61,
-    February 1970, 3.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_36" href="#FNanchor_1_36" class="label">36.</a> Maj. John P. Stapp, <cite>Human Tolerance to Linear
-    Deceleration, Part I. Preliminary Survey of the Aft Facing Seated
-    Position</cite>, Air Force Technical Report 5915, (Wright Patterson AFB, OH:
-    Wright Air Development Center, 1949) and Maj. John P. Stapp, <cite>Part
-    II. The Aft Facing Position and the Development of a Crash Harness</cite>,
-    Air Force Technical Report 5915 (Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air
-    Development Center, 1951).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_37" href="#FNanchor_1_37" class="label">37.</a> H.T.E. Hertzberg, <cite>Anthropology of Anthropomorphic
-    Dummies</cite>, Air Force Medical Research Laboratory, AMRL-TR-69-61,
-    February 1970, 3.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_38" href="#FNanchor_1_38" class="label">38.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_39" href="#FNanchor_1_39" class="label">39.</a> ltr., H.L. Daulton, Vice President and
-    Secretary-Treasurer, Sierra Engineering Company, to W.A. Daler,
-    Headquarters Air Materiel Command, subject: Proposal, Purchase
-    Request No. 301200, September 16, 1954, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, Accession No. 342-67E-2954, box 5/15, file 28.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_40" href="#FNanchor_1_40" class="label">40.</a> Joseph Smreka, Senior Design Engineer, First Technology
-    Safety Systems, “Dummies—Past and Present,” 2 (unpublished manuscript).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_41" href="#FNanchor_1_41" class="label">41.</a> Sierra Engineering Co., “Sierra Sam,” 1955, National
-    Archives and Records Administration, Accession No. 342-67E-2954, box
-    5/15, file 28.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_42" href="#FNanchor_1_42" class="label">42.</a> 1st Lt. Raymond A. Madson, <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy
-    Drops, Part I. The Unstabilized Dummy Drops</cite>, WADC Technical Report
-    57-477, (Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air Development Center, Oct
-    1957) (hereafter <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I</cite>), 27, and
-    1st Lt. Raymond A. Madson, <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, II. The
-    Stabilized Dummy Drops</cite>, WADC Technical Report 57-477 (II) (Wright
-    Patterson AFB, OH: Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Force Systems
-    Command, August 1961) (hereafter <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part II</cite>), 18.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_43" href="#FNanchor_1_43" class="label">43.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I</cite>, 1.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_44" href="#FNanchor_1_44" class="label">44.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I</cite>, and <cite>High
-    altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part II</cite>, and Holloman Air Development
-    Center, Weekly Test Status Reports, Project MX-1450B (Manned Balloon),
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, MO, Accession No. 342-62A-A-641, box
-    115/248, folder; R-695-61D, “High Altitude Escape Studies, Gen B-1,
-    Manned Balloon Flights.”
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">130</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_45" href="#FNanchor_1_45" class="label">45.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_46" href="#FNanchor_1_46" class="label">46.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I</cite>, 1, and <cite>High
-    altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part II</cite>, 18.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_47" href="#FNanchor_1_47" class="label">47.</a> Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., <cite>The Long, Lonely Leap</cite>,
-    (New York: E.P. Dutton &amp; Co., Inc., 1961), and Lt. Col. David G.
-    Simons, <cite>Man High</cite>, (New York: Doubleday &amp; Company, Inc., 1960), and
-    Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., “The Long, Lonely Leap,” <cite>National
-    Geographic</cite> 118, no. 6 (December 1960): 854-873, “Fantastic Catch
-    in the Sky, Record Leap towards Earth,” <cite>Life</cite> 49, no. 9 (August
-    29, 1960): 20–25, <cite>Popular Mechanics Magazine</cite>, January 1951: 118,
-    <cite>Collier’s</cite>, June 25, 1954, <cite>Time</cite>, September 12, 1955, “The Fastest
-    Man on Earth”.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_48" href="#FNanchor_1_48" class="label">48.</a> Don Reilly, “MAD Salutes an Unsung Hero,” <cite>MAD</cite>, no. 61,
-    (March 1961), 46.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_49" href="#FNanchor_1_49" class="label">49.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I</cite>, and <cite>High
-    altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part II</cite>.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_50" href="#FNanchor_1_50" class="label">50.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part II</cite>, 11–12.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_51" href="#FNanchor_1_51" class="label">51.</a> Signed, sworn statement of Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col.,
-    USAF (Ret) and <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 16.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_52" href="#FNanchor_1_52" class="label">52.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 5.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_53" href="#FNanchor_1_53" class="label">53.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 17.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_54" href="#FNanchor_1_54" class="label">54.</a> ibid., and Memorandum, subj: Balloon Tracking and
-    Recovery Equipment, n.d., National Archives and Records Administration,
-    Accession No. 342-67B-2133, box 65/249, file 2, “Biophysics
-    Branch-Escape Section, High Altitude Escape Studies, 7218-71719,”
-    and Robert Blankenship, retired Balloon Branch Recovery Supervisor,
-    telephone interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, July 14, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_55" href="#FNanchor_1_55" class="label">55.</a> Signed, sworn statement of Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col.,
-    USAF (Ret).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_56" href="#FNanchor_1_56" class="label">56.</a> Blankenship, and Balloon Tracking and Recovery
-    Equipment, n.d., and Bernard D. Gildenberg, <cite>Meteorological Aspects of
-    Constant-Level Balloon Operations in the Southwestern United States</cite>
-    (hereafter <cite>Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level Balloon Operations
-    in the Southwestern United States</cite>), AFCRL-66-706 (L.G. Hanscom Field,
-    Bedford, MA: Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, October 1966), 27.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_57" href="#FNanchor_1_57" class="label">57.</a> Historical Branch, Office of Information Services, Air
-    Force Missile Development Center, <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations
-    to Research and Development at the Air Force Missile Development Center
-    Holloman AFB, N. Mex. 1947–1958</cite> (Holloman AFB, NM: Air Research
-    and Development Command, 1958) (hereafter <cite>Contributions of Balloon
-    Operations to Research and Development at the Air Force Missile
-    Development Center, 1947–1958</cite>), 90.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">131</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_58" href="#FNanchor_1_58" class="label">58.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 16.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_59" href="#FNanchor_1_59" class="label">59.</a> ibid., 17.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_60" href="#FNanchor_1_60" class="label">60.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 17.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_61" href="#FNanchor_1_61" class="label">61.</a> Maj. John P. Stapp, <cite>Human Tolerance to Linear
-    Deceleration, Part I. Preliminary Survey of the Aft Facing Seated
-    Position</cite>, Air Force Technical Report 5915, (Wright Patterson AFB, OH:
-    Wright Air Development Center, 1949) and Maj. John P. Stapp, <cite>Part
-    II. The Aft Facing Position and the Development of a Crash Harness</cite>,
-    Air Force Technical Report 5915 (Wright Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air
-    Development Center, 1951).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_62" href="#FNanchor_1_62" class="label">62.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II</cite>, 6.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_63" href="#FNanchor_1_63" class="label">63.</a> Signed, sworn statement of Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.,
-      Col., USAF (Ret).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_64" href="#FNanchor_1_64" class="label">64.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_65" href="#FNanchor_1_65" class="label">65.</a> Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc., “Instructions
-    for Operation and Maintenance, Model F-95 Anthropomorphic Test
-    Dummies,” May 3, 1956, 1, and Glenn Richards, retired Balloon Branch
-    Instrumentation Specialist, telephone interview with Capt. James
-    McAndrew, September 5, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_66" href="#FNanchor_1_66" class="label">66.</a> Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc., “Instructions for
-    Operation and Maintenance, Model F-95 Anthropomorphic Test Dummies,”
-    May 3, 1956, 1, and Ronald G. Hansen, Lt. Col. USAR, (Ret), Balloon
-    Recovery Helicopter Pilot, telephone interview with 1st Lt. James
-    McAndrew, May 1, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_67" href="#FNanchor_1_67" class="label">67.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 7–8.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_68" href="#FNanchor_1_68" class="label">68.</a> Blankenship.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_69" href="#FNanchor_1_69" class="label">69.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_70" href="#FNanchor_1_70" class="label">70.</a> <cite>The Beverly Hills Citizen</cite>, March 12, 1956, 7.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_71" href="#FNanchor_1_71" class="label">71.</a> Research Division, College of Engineering, New York
-    University, <cite>Special Report No. 1, Constant Level Balloon</cite>, May 1947, 20–22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_72" href="#FNanchor_1_72" class="label">72.</a> Research Division, College of Engineering, New York
-    University, Technical Report No. 93.03, <cite>Constant Level Balloons,
-    Operations</cite>, March 1, 1951, 105.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_73" href="#FNanchor_1_73" class="label">73.</a> U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory, “Phillips Laboratory
-    Space Experiments Directorate, Balloon, Rocket, and Satellite
-    Capabilities,” n.d., 33.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_74" href="#FNanchor_1_74" class="label">74.</a> Bernard D. Gildenberg, Balloon Branch Meteorologist and
-    Engineer, interviewed by 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 28, 1995, and
-    <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations 1947–1958</cite>, 73.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_75" href="#FNanchor_1_75" class="label">75.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">132</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_76" href="#FNanchor_1_76" class="label">76.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_77" href="#FNanchor_1_77" class="label">77.</a> <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations 1947–1958</cite>, 73.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_78" href="#FNanchor_1_78" class="label">78.</a> “Flight Summary, Non-Extensible Balloon Operations,
-    6580th Test Squadron (Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” 22–24.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_79" href="#FNanchor_1_79" class="label">79.</a> <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations 1947–1958</cite>, 73–74.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_80" href="#FNanchor_1_80" class="label">80.</a> Lt. Col. David G. Simons (MC), <cite>Stratosphere Balloon
-    Techniques for Exposing Living Specimens to Primary Cosmic Ray
-    Particles</cite>, Holloman Air Development Center TR 54-16, November 1954, 10–11.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_81" href="#FNanchor_1_81" class="label">81.</a> “Flight Summary Non-Extensible Balloon Operations
-    6580th Test Squadron (Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” 1–31, and
-    <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations 1947–1958</cite>, 24.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_82" href="#FNanchor_1_82" class="label">82.</a> “Flight Summary Non-Extensible Balloon Operations 6580th
-    Test Squadron (Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” 4.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_83" href="#FNanchor_1_83" class="label">83.</a> Research Division, College of Engineering, New York
-    University, <cite>Technical Report No. 93.02, Constant Level Balloons</cite>,
-    Section 3, <cite>Summary of Flights</cite>, July 15, 1949, 32, in Headquarters
-    United States Air Force, <cite>The Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the
-    New Mexico Desert</cite> (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office,
-    1995), Appendix 12.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_84" href="#FNanchor_1_84" class="label">84.</a> Holloman Air Development Center, “Test Report on Radar
-    Target Balloons”, October 31, 1955, Air Force Historical Research
-    Agency, Maxwell, AFB, AL, Reel # 31811, Frame 1139, and <cite>Contributions
-    of Balloon Operations 1947–1958</cite>, 40–45.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_85" href="#FNanchor_1_85" class="label">85.</a> Kevin C. Ruffner, ed., <cite>Corona: America’s First Satellite
-    Program</cite> (Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence,
-    Central Intelligence Agency, 1995), 22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_86" href="#FNanchor_1_86" class="label">86.</a> ibid., 21–22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_87" href="#FNanchor_1_87" class="label">87.</a> Air Force Missile Development Center, “Chronology of
-    Events,” Sept. 1, 1957-Aug 10, 1962, Air Force Historical Research
-    Agency, Maxwell, AFB, AL, Reel # 31731, Frame 561, and Flight Records
-    of Bernard D. Gildenberg, Meteorologist, Holloman AFB Balloon Branch,
-    October 12, 1956-March 14, 1961.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_88" href="#FNanchor_1_88" class="label">88.</a> Flight Summary, <span class="smcap">Discoverer</span> Balloon Flights,
-    March 31, 1960-April 22, 1960, Air Force Historical Research Agency,
-    Maxwell, AFB, AL, Reel# 31811, frame 569.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_89" href="#FNanchor_1_89" class="label">89.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_90" href="#FNanchor_1_90" class="label">90.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">133</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_91" href="#FNanchor_1_91" class="label">91.</a> Kevin C. Ruffner, ed., <cite>Corona: America’s First Satellite
-    Program</cite> (Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence,
-    Central Intelligence Agency, 1995), 21–22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_92" href="#FNanchor_1_92" class="label">92.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_93" href="#FNanchor_1_93" class="label">93.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_94" href="#FNanchor_1_94" class="label">94.</a> Martin Marietta Corporation, “Viking ’75, Balloon
-    Launched Decelerator Test Program Post Flight Report, BLDT Vehicle
-    AV-3,” TR 3720293, 1972, IV-I and Edward J. Kirschner, <cite>Aerospace
-    Balloons; From Montgolfiere to Space</cite> (Blue Ridge Summit, Pa.: Aero
-    Publishers, 1985), 64–66.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_95" href="#FNanchor_1_95" class="label">95.</a> Martin Marietta Corporation, “Viking ’75, Balloon
-    Launched Decelerator Test Program Post Flight Report, BLDT Vehicle
-    AV-3,” TR 3720293, 1972, IV-I.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_96" href="#FNanchor_1_96" class="label">96.</a> Kevin D. Randle and Donald R. Schmitt, <cite>The Truth About
-    the UFO Crash at Roswell</cite> (New York: Avon Books, 1994), photograph section.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_97" href="#FNanchor_1_97" class="label">97.</a> Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, “Report on
-    Research, for the Period July 1965-June 1967”, AFCRL TR-68-0039,
-    November 1967, 150–151.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_98" href="#FNanchor_1_98" class="label">98.</a> Gildenberg.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_99" href="#FNanchor_1_99" class="label">99.</a> Database of high altitude balloon operations on file
-    at SAF/AAZD compiled from the following sources: Research Division,
-    College of Engineering, New York University, <cite>Technical Report No.
-    93.02, Constant Level Balloons</cite>, Section 3, <cite>Summary of Flights</cite>, July
-    15, 1949; “Flight Summary Non-Extensible Balloon Operations 6580th Test
-    Squadron (Special), June 1950 to October 1954,” National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-    Mo., Accession No. 342-62A-181, box 14/18; Flight Records of Bernard
-    D. Gildenberg, Meteorologist, Holloman AFB Balloon Branch, October 12,
-    1956-March 14, 1961; “Summary of Balloon Flights Launched from Holloman
-    AFB, N.M., 1962 thru 1987”, Space and Missile Command, Test and
-    Evaluation Unit (SMC/TE, OL-AC) files, Holloman AFB, N.M. Additional
-    flight data on file (microfilm), U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory,
-    Geophysics Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Mass.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_100" href="#FNanchor_1_100" class="label">100.</a> Bernard D. Gildenberg, <cite>Meteorological Aspects of
-    Constant-Level Balloon Operations in the Southwestern United States</cite>,
-    AFCRL-66-706 (L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, MA: Air Force Cambridge
-    Research Laboratories, October 1966), and Bernard D. Gildenberg,
-    <cite>General Philosophy and Techniques of Balloon Control</cite>, in Lewis A.
-    Grass, ed., <cite>Proceedings, Sixth AFCRL Scientific Balloon Symposium</cite>,
-    AFCRL-70-0543, (L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Mass.: Air Force Cambridge
-    Research Laboratories, October 1970).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">134</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_101" href="#FNanchor_1_101" class="label">101.</a> Blankenship.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_102" href="#FNanchor_1_102" class="label">102.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_103" href="#FNanchor_1_103" class="label">103.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_104" href="#FNanchor_1_104" class="label">104.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_105" href="#FNanchor_1_105" class="label">105.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_106" href="#FNanchor_1_106" class="label">106.</a> Joseph Longshore, Balloon Branch Supervisor, telephone
-    interview with Capt. James McAndrew, August 16, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_107" href="#FNanchor_1_107" class="label">107.</a> Signed sworn statement of James Ragsdale in Ragsdale
-    Productions Inc., <cite>The Jim Ragsdale Story: A Closer Look at the Roswell
-    Incident</cite> (Hall Poorbough Press, Inc., 1996), 10–11, and signed sworn
-    statement of James Ragsdale in Karl T. Pflock, <cite>Roswell in Perspective</cite>
-    (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1994), 167.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_108" href="#FNanchor_1_108" class="label">108.</a> James Ragsdale, interview with Donald R. Schmitt,
-    January 26, 1993.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_109" href="#FNanchor_1_109" class="label">109.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II</cite>, 17.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_110" href="#FNanchor_1_110" class="label">110.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I</cite>, 27–30 and
-    <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II</cite>, 6, 10–12, 17.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_111" href="#FNanchor_1_111" class="label">111.</a> Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF (Ret), interview
-    with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, June 23, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_112" href="#FNanchor_1_112" class="label">112.</a> <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations to Research and
-    Development at the Air Force Missile Development Center, 1947–1958</cite>,
-    90, and <cite>Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level Balloon Operations in
-    the Southwestern United States</cite>, 1.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_113" href="#FNanchor_1_113" class="label">113.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops Part I</cite>, 24.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_114" href="#FNanchor_1_114" class="label">114.</a> Blankenship and Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_115" href="#FNanchor_1_115" class="label">115.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_116" href="#FNanchor_1_116" class="label">116.</a> Memorandum, subj: Balloon Tracking and Recovery
-    Equipment, n.d., National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., Accession No. 342-67B-2133,
-    box 65/249, file 2, “Biophysics Branch-Escape Section, High Altitude
-    Escape Studies, 7218-71719.”
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_117" href="#FNanchor_1_117" class="label">117.</a> ibid., and Blankenship.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_118" href="#FNanchor_1_118" class="label">118.</a> Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, <cite>The Roswell
-    Incident</cite> (New York: Berkley, 1980), 64, and Don Berliner and Stanton
-    Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite> (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 88.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_119" href="#FNanchor_1_119" class="label">119.</a> <i>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</i>, Knight interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_120" href="#FNanchor_1_120" class="label">120.</a> <i>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</i>, Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">135</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_121" href="#FNanchor_1_121" class="label">121.</a> Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, <cite>The Roswell
-    Incident</cite> (New York: Berkley, 1980), 64, and Don Berliner and Stanton
-    Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite> (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 88.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_122" href="#FNanchor_1_122" class="label">122.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 89.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_123" href="#FNanchor_1_123" class="label">123.</a> Mark Rodeghier and Fred Whiting, <cite>The Plains of San
-    Agustin Controversy, July, 1947: Gerald Anderson, Barney Barnett, and
-    the Archaeologists</cite>, Introduction (Chicago, IL, Washington, D.C.: J.
-    Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies and The Fund for UFO Research, June 1992), 2.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_124" href="#FNanchor_1_124" class="label">124.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_125" href="#FNanchor_1_125" class="label">125.</a> Kevin D. Randle, Donald R. Schmitt, and Thomas J. Carey,
-    <cite>Gerald Anderson and the Plains of San Agustin, in The Plains of San
-    Agustin Controversy, July, 1947: Gerald Anderson, Barney Barnett, and
-    the Archaeologists</cite> (Chicago, IL, Washington, D.C.: J. Allen Hynek
-    Center for UFO Studies, and The Fund for UFO Research, June 1992), 19.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_126" href="#FNanchor_1_126" class="label">126.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_127" href="#FNanchor_1_127" class="label">127.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 90.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_128" href="#FNanchor_1_128" class="label">128.</a> ibid., 91.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_129" href="#FNanchor_1_129" class="label">129.</a> Gerald F. Anderson, interview with Kevin D. Randle,
-    February 4, 1990, in <cite>The Plains of San Agustin Controversy, July,
-    1947: Gerald Anderson, Barney Barnett, and the Archaeologists</cite>
-    (Chicago, IL, Washington, D.C.: J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies
-    and The Fund for UFO Research, June 1992), 59.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_130" href="#FNanchor_1_130" class="label">130.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_131" href="#FNanchor_1_131" class="label">131.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_132" href="#FNanchor_1_132" class="label">132.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_133" href="#FNanchor_1_133" class="label">133.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_134" href="#FNanchor_1_134" class="label">134.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_135" href="#FNanchor_1_135" class="label">135.</a> Blankenship and Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_136" href="#FNanchor_1_136" class="label">136.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_137" href="#FNanchor_1_137" class="label">137.</a> “Sierra Sam: Scientific Whipping Boy,” <cite>Machine Design</cite>,
-    December 22, 1960 and “Dummy Takes a Beating for Science’s Sake,”
-    <cite>Aviation Week</cite>, January 12, 1953.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_138" href="#FNanchor_1_138" class="label">138.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_139" href="#FNanchor_1_139" class="label">139.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_140" href="#FNanchor_1_140" class="label">140.</a> Alderson Research Laboratories Inc., “Modular Series
-    Anthropomorphic Test Dummies,” Alderson Research Laboratories Inc.,
-    June 1955), 5.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">136</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_141" href="#FNanchor_1_141" class="label">141.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_142" href="#FNanchor_1_142" class="label">142.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_143" href="#FNanchor_1_143" class="label">143.</a> Signed, sworn statement of Raymond A. Madson, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_144" href="#FNanchor_1_144" class="label">144.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_145" href="#FNanchor_1_145" class="label">145.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_146" href="#FNanchor_1_146" class="label">146.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_147" href="#FNanchor_1_147" class="label">147.</a> <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part I</cite>, 9, and
-    <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops, Part II</cite>, 8.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_148" href="#FNanchor_1_148" class="label">148.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 91.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_149" href="#FNanchor_1_149" class="label">149.</a> ibid., 92–94.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_150" href="#FNanchor_1_150" class="label">150.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_151" href="#FNanchor_1_151" class="label">151.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_152" href="#FNanchor_1_152" class="label">152.</a> Memorandum, subject: Balloon Tracking and Recovery
-    Equipment, n.d., National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., Accession No. 342-67B-2133,
-    box 65/249, file 2, “Biophysics Branch-Escape Section, High Altitude
-    Escape Studies, 7218-71719,” and <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops,
-    Part I</cite>, 17, and “Weekly Test Status Report on Project 7218, Manned
-    Balloon Flights, (MX-1450B)”, for Week Ending 28 February 1955,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., Accession No. 342-66A-181, Box 14/18.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_153" href="#FNanchor_1_153" class="label">153.</a> Kittinger and Historical Branch, Office of Information
-    Services, Air Research and Development Command, <cite>History of Flight
-    Support Holloman Air Development Center 1946–1957</cite> (Holloman AFB, N.M.:
-    Holloman Air Development Center, 1957), 101.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_154" href="#FNanchor_1_154" class="label">154.</a> Blankenship.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_155" href="#FNanchor_1_155" class="label">155.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_156" href="#FNanchor_1_156" class="label">156.</a> Bernard D. Gildenberg, <cite>Techniques Developed for Heavy
-    Load Non-Extensible Balloon Flights</cite>, Report No. HADC-TN-54-3 (Holloman
-    AFB, NM: Holloman Air Development Center, March 1954), 7.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_157" href="#FNanchor_1_157" class="label">157.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_158" href="#FNanchor_1_158" class="label">158.</a> Blankenship and Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF, (Ret),
-    Balloon Branch Communications Supervisor, interview with 1st Lt. James
-    McAndrew, May 28, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_159" href="#FNanchor_1_159" class="label">159.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_160" href="#FNanchor_1_160" class="label">160.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 107.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_161" href="#FNanchor_1_161" class="label">161.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">137</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_162" href="#FNanchor_1_162" class="label">162.</a> Blankenship.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_163" href="#FNanchor_1_163" class="label">163.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_164" href="#FNanchor_1_164" class="label">164.</a> Blankenship.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_165" href="#FNanchor_1_165" class="label">165.</a> Signed sworn statement of James Ragsdale in, Ragsdale
-    Productions Inc., <cite>The Jim Ragsdale Story: A Closer Look at the Roswell
-    Incident</cite> (Hall Poorbough Press, Inc., 1996), 10–11, and signed sworn
-    statement of James Ragsdale in Karl T. Pflock, <cite>Roswell in Perspective</cite>
-    (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1994), 167.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_166" href="#FNanchor_1_166" class="label">166.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_167" href="#FNanchor_1_167" class="label">167.</a> Frank J. Kaufman, interview with Kevin Randle and Donald
-    Schmitt, January 27, 1990.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_168" href="#FNanchor_1_168" class="label">168.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_169" href="#FNanchor_1_169" class="label">169.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_170" href="#FNanchor_1_170" class="label">170.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_171" href="#FNanchor_1_171" class="label">171.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 92.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_172" href="#FNanchor_1_172" class="label">172.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_173" href="#FNanchor_1_173" class="label">173.</a> ibid., Knight interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_174" href="#FNanchor_1_174" class="label">174.</a> ibid., Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_175" href="#FNanchor_1_175" class="label">175.</a> ibid., Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_176" href="#FNanchor_1_176" class="label">176.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_177" href="#FNanchor_1_177" class="label">177.</a> ibid., Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_178" href="#FNanchor_1_178" class="label">178.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_179" href="#FNanchor_1_179" class="label">179.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_180" href="#FNanchor_1_180" class="label">180.</a> ibid., Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_181" href="#FNanchor_1_181" class="label">181.</a> ibid., Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_182" href="#FNanchor_1_182" class="label">182.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_183" href="#FNanchor_1_183" class="label">183.</a> ibid., Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_184" href="#FNanchor_1_184" class="label">184.</a> ibid., Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_185" href="#FNanchor_1_185" class="label">185.</a> Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore, <cite>The Roswell
-    Incident</cite> (New York: Berkley, 1980), 61.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_186" href="#FNanchor_1_186" class="label">186.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 92.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_187" href="#FNanchor_1_187" class="label">187.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_188" href="#FNanchor_1_188" class="label">188.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 91.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_189" href="#FNanchor_1_189" class="label">189.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">138</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_1_190" href="#FNanchor_1_190" class="label">190.</a> ibid., 92.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_191" href="#FNanchor_1_191" class="label">191.</a> ibid., 91.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_192" href="#FNanchor_1_192" class="label">192.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Maltais interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_193" href="#FNanchor_1_193" class="label">193.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 93.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_194" href="#FNanchor_1_194" class="label">194.</a> ibid., 93–94.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_195" href="#FNanchor_1_195" class="label">195.</a> ibid., 92.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_196" href="#FNanchor_1_196" class="label">196.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_197" href="#FNanchor_1_197" class="label">197.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_198" href="#FNanchor_1_198" class="label">198.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_199" href="#FNanchor_1_199" class="label">199.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_200" href="#FNanchor_1_200" class="label">200.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_201" href="#FNanchor_1_201" class="label">201.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_202" href="#FNanchor_1_202" class="label">202.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_203" href="#FNanchor_1_203" class="label">203.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_204" href="#FNanchor_1_204" class="label">204.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_205" href="#FNanchor_1_205" class="label">205.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_206" href="#FNanchor_1_206" class="label">206.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 106.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_207" href="#FNanchor_1_207" class="label">207.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_208" href="#FNanchor_1_208" class="label">208.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 107.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_209" href="#FNanchor_1_209" class="label">209.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_210" href="#FNanchor_1_210" class="label">210.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_211" href="#FNanchor_1_211" class="label">211.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_212" href="#FNanchor_1_212" class="label">212.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_213" href="#FNanchor_1_213" class="label">213.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_214" href="#FNanchor_1_214" class="label">214.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_215" href="#FNanchor_1_215" class="label">215.</a> Ragsdale.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_216" href="#FNanchor_1_216" class="label">216.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Anderson interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_217" href="#FNanchor_1_217" class="label">217.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_1_218" href="#FNanchor_1_218" class="label">218.</a> Berliner and Friedman, 107.
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_139">139</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Notes_Section_Two">Notes - Section Two</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_1" href="#FNanchor_2_1" class="label">1.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 103.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_2" href="#FNanchor_2_2" class="label">2.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 117, 120, and W. Glenn Dennis,
-    interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992, 18–19.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_3" href="#FNanchor_2_3" class="label">3.</a> Video, <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn
-    Dennis interview (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993)
-    (hereafter <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_4" href="#FNanchor_2_4" class="label">4.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis
-      interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_5" href="#FNanchor_2_5" class="label">5.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_6" href="#FNanchor_2_6" class="label">6.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_7" href="#FNanchor_2_7" class="label">7.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_8" href="#FNanchor_2_8" class="label">8.</a> ibid., and W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock,
-    November 2, 1992, and Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of
-    Roswell Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 103.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_9" href="#FNanchor_2_9" class="label">9.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 103.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_10" href="#FNanchor_2_10" class="label">10.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_11" href="#FNanchor_2_11" class="label">11.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_12" href="#FNanchor_2_12" class="label">12.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_13" href="#FNanchor_2_13" class="label">13.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 120, and W. Glenn Dennis, interview
-    with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_14" href="#FNanchor_2_14" class="label">14.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 103.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_15" href="#FNanchor_2_15" class="label">15.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_16" href="#FNanchor_2_16" class="label">16.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 117.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_17" href="#FNanchor_2_17" class="label">17.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_18" href="#FNanchor_2_18" class="label">18.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_19" href="#FNanchor_2_19" class="label">19.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_20" href="#FNanchor_2_20" class="label">20.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_140">140</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_21" href="#FNanchor_2_21" class="label">21.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman,
-    August 5, 1989.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_22" href="#FNanchor_2_22" class="label">22.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_23" href="#FNanchor_2_23" class="label">23.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November
-      2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_24" href="#FNanchor_2_24" class="label">24.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_25" href="#FNanchor_2_25" class="label">25.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_26" href="#FNanchor_2_26" class="label">26.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis
-      interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_27" href="#FNanchor_2_27" class="label">27.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_28" href="#FNanchor_2_28" class="label">28.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_29" href="#FNanchor_2_29" class="label">29.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 119, and Karl T. Pflock, “Star
-    Witness: The Mortician of Roswell Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>,
-    Fall 1995, 105.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_30" href="#FNanchor_2_30" class="label">30.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_31" href="#FNanchor_2_31" class="label">31.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_32" href="#FNanchor_2_32" class="label">32.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_33" href="#FNanchor_2_33" class="label">33.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_34" href="#FNanchor_2_34" class="label">34.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 105, and W. Glenn
-    Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_35" href="#FNanchor_2_35" class="label">35.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-      Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 105.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_36" href="#FNanchor_2_36" class="label">36.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman,
-    August 5, 1989.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_37" href="#FNanchor_2_37" class="label">37.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_38" href="#FNanchor_2_38" class="label">38.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 119.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_39" href="#FNanchor_2_39" class="label">39.</a> Headquarters United States Air Force, <cite>The Roswell
-    Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert</cite> (Washington, D.C.:
-    U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995), Attachment 32, “Synopsis of
-    Balloon Research Findings by 1st Lt. James McAndrew”.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_40" href="#FNanchor_2_40" class="label">40.</a> 427th AAFBU Sq “M” Morning Reports, July 8–9, 1947,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_41" href="#FNanchor_2_41" class="label">41.</a> Personnel record of 1st Lt. Angele A. (LaRue) Thessing,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_141">141</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_42" href="#FNanchor_2_42" class="label">42.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_43" href="#FNanchor_2_43" class="label">43.</a> Personnel records of Capt. Joyce Goddard, 1st Lt.
-    Rosemary J. Brown, 1st Lt. Eileen M. Fanton, 1st Lt. Angele A. LaRue,
-    1st Lt. Claudia Uebele, National Archives and Records Administration,
-    National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_44" href="#FNanchor_2_44" class="label">44.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 132, and W. Glenn
-    Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman, August 5, 1989.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_45" href="#FNanchor_2_45" class="label">45.</a> Paul McCarthy, “The Case of the Vanishing Nurses,”
-    <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 107–114.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_46" href="#FNanchor_2_46" class="label">46.</a> WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,”
-    Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_47" href="#FNanchor_2_47" class="label">47.</a> DD Form 214, “Armed Forces of the United States Report of
-    Transfer or Discharge”, April 30, 1958, Personnel file of Capt. Eileen
-    M. Fanton, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_48" href="#FNanchor_2_48" class="label">48.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 132.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_49" href="#FNanchor_2_49" class="label">49.</a> WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” and
-    WD AGO FORM 66-3, “AAF Medical Dep’t Officer’s Qualification Record,”
-    Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_50" href="#FNanchor_2_50" class="label">50.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November
-    2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_51" href="#FNanchor_2_51" class="label">51.</a> WD AGO FORM 66-3, “AAF Medical Dep’t Officer’s
-    Qualification Record,” Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_52" href="#FNanchor_2_52" class="label">52.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-      Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 104 and W. Glenn
-      Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992, 11, 15.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_53" href="#FNanchor_2_53" class="label">53.</a> WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,”
-    Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_54" href="#FNanchor_2_54" class="label">54.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_142">142</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_55" href="#FNanchor_2_55" class="label">55.</a> WD MD FORM 55A, “Clinical Record Brief,” September 5,
-    1947, and WD AGO FORM 8-38, “Special Examination or Additional Data,”
-    September 11, 1947, Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen M. Fanton,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_56" href="#FNanchor_2_56" class="label">56.</a> ibid, and Physical Examination Board Proceedings, Capt.
-    Eileen M. Fanton, August 24, 1955, Personnel Record of Capt. Eileen
-    M. Fanton, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_57" href="#FNanchor_2_57" class="label">57.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman,
-    August 5, 1989, and W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock,
-    November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_58" href="#FNanchor_2_58" class="label">58.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Stanton T. Friedman,
-    August 5, 1989.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_59" href="#FNanchor_2_59" class="label">59.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_60" href="#FNanchor_2_60" class="label">60.</a> Roster of Officers, 6th Bomb Wing, Walker AFB, N.M.,
-      December 30, 1952, “History of the 6th Bomb Wing, December 1952,” Air
-      Force Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_61" href="#FNanchor_2_61" class="label">61.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_62" href="#FNanchor_2_62" class="label">62.</a> Dr. Frank B. Nordstrom, interview with Capt. James
-    McAndrew, April 25, 1996, and Dr. Frank B. Nordstrom, Signed Sworn
-    Statement, April 25, 1996.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_63" href="#FNanchor_2_63" class="label">63.</a> Charles E. Clouthier, Signed Sworn Statement, April 26, 1996.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_64" href="#FNanchor_2_64" class="label">64.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_65" href="#FNanchor_2_65" class="label">65.</a> J.P. Cahn, “Flying Saucers and the Mysterious Little
-    Green Men,” <cite>True</cite> 31, No. 184, (September 1952), 19.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_66" href="#FNanchor_2_66" class="label">66.</a> ibid., 103.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_67" href="#FNanchor_2_67" class="label">67.</a> ibid., 19.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_68" href="#FNanchor_2_68" class="label">68.</a> J.P. Cahn, “Flying Saucer Swindlers,” <cite>True</cite> 36, No. 231,
-    (August 1956), 36.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_69" href="#FNanchor_2_69" class="label">69.</a> ibid., 36.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_70" href="#FNanchor_2_70" class="label">70.</a> J.P. Cahn, “Flying Saucers and the Mysterious Little
-    Green Men,” <cite>True</cite> 31, No. 184, (September 1952), 110.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_71" href="#FNanchor_2_71" class="label">71.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_72" href="#FNanchor_2_72" class="label">72.</a> “4 Rank Titles Change,” <cite>Air Force Times</cite>, March 29,
-    1952, 1, 22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_73" href="#FNanchor_2_73" class="label">73.</a> Alan L. Gropman, <cite>The Air Force Integrates, 1945–1964</cite>
-    (Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1985), 243.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_143">143</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_74" href="#FNanchor_2_74" class="label">74.</a> Don Berliner and Stanton T. Friedman, <cite>Crash at Corona</cite>
-    (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 117.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_75" href="#FNanchor_2_75" class="label">75.</a> WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” and
-    AF FORM 11, “Officer Military Record,” Personnel Record of Col. Lee
-    F. Ferrell, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_76" href="#FNanchor_2_76" class="label">76.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_77" href="#FNanchor_2_77" class="label">77.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 105, and W. Glenn
-    Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_78" href="#FNanchor_2_78" class="label">78.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 105.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_79" href="#FNanchor_2_79" class="label">79.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 105, and W. Glenn
-    Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_80" href="#FNanchor_2_80" class="label">80.</a> W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_81" href="#FNanchor_2_81" class="label">81.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_82" href="#FNanchor_2_82" class="label">82.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_83" href="#FNanchor_2_83" class="label">83.</a> 427th AAFBU Sq. “M” Morning Reports, July 1–31, 1947,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_84" href="#FNanchor_2_84" class="label">84.</a> WD AGO FORM 1, “Morning Report,” 427th AAFBU Sq. “M,”
-    April 1, 1947 through October 1, 1947, and WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s
-    Qualification Record,” Personnel Record of Capt. Joyce Goddard,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_85" href="#FNanchor_2_85" class="label">85.</a> WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,”
-    Personnel Record of Capt. Joyce Goddard, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_86" href="#FNanchor_2_86" class="label">86.</a> WD AGO FORM 1, “Morning Report,” 427th AAFBU, Sq. “M,”
-    August 7, 1947, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_87" href="#FNanchor_2_87" class="label">87.</a> ibid., and WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification
-    Record,” Personnel Record of Capt. Lucille C. Slattery, National
-    Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-    St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">144</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_88" href="#FNanchor_2_88" class="label">88.</a> Ethel Kovatch-Scott, Col., USAF (Ret), telephone
-    interview with Capt. James McAndrew, May 5, 1995 and July 3, 1996, and
-    Mary Hoadley, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret), telephone interview with 1st Lt.
-    James McAndrew, May 5, 1995, and Mary L. Wiggins, Maj., USAF (Ret),
-    telephone interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 5, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_89" href="#FNanchor_2_89" class="label">89.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-  <a id="Footnote_2_90" href="#FNanchor_2_90" class="label">90.</a> WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,”
-    Personnel Record of Capt. Lucille C. Slattery, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_91" href="#FNanchor_2_91" class="label">91.</a> WD AGO FORM 1, “Morning Report,” 427th AAFBU, Sq. “M,”
-    509th Station Medical Group, 509th Medical Group, 509th Medical
-    Squadron, January 1947 through February 1952, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-    Mo. and Rosters of Officers, 509th Bomb Wing- February 1952 through
-    July 1958, 6th Bomb Wing- February 1952 through March 1967, and AF
-    FORM 11, “Officer Military Record,” Personnel Record of Maj. Idabelle
-    M. Wilson, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_92" href="#FNanchor_2_92" class="label">92.</a> AF FORM 11, “Officer Military Record,” Personnel
-    Record of Maj. Idabelle M. Wilson, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_93" href="#FNanchor_2_93" class="label">93.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_94" href="#FNanchor_2_94" class="label">94.</a> Idabelle M. Wilson, Maj., USAF, (Ret), telephone
-    interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, April 28, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_95" href="#FNanchor_2_95" class="label">95.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_96" href="#FNanchor_2_96" class="label">96.</a> Memo: Jack A. Comstock, Maj. (MC), Surgeon, 509th Station
-    Medical Group, to Major Robert W. Schick, Investigating Officer,
-    Headquarters, USAF, subj: Investigation of B-29 Crash, 18 August 1948,
-    Aircraft Accident No. 48-8-12, Aircraft #44-86383, Air Force Historical
-    Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL. and WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical
-    Record Brief,” 12 August 1948, Personnel records of Air Force members,
-    service numbers AF 18041408 and AF 16191866, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_97" href="#FNanchor_2_97" class="label">97.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_98" href="#FNanchor_2_98" class="label">98.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_99" href="#FNanchor_2_99" class="label">99.</a> WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 16 May 1949,
-    Personnel records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 827137 and
-    AF 42050093, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_145">145</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_100" href="#FNanchor_2_100" class="label">100.</a> WD AGO Form 5-4, “Individual Crash Fire Report,” 20 May
-    1949, Aircraft Accident No. 49-5-16, Aircraft #43-48401, Air Force
-    Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_101" href="#FNanchor_2_101" class="label">101.</a> WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 16 May 1949,
-    Personnel records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 827137 and
-    AF 42050093, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_102" href="#FNanchor_2_102" class="label">102.</a> WD AGO Form 5-4, “Individual Crash Fire Report,” 19
-    December 1949, Aircraft Accident No. 49-12-15-2, Air Force Historical
-    Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_103" href="#FNanchor_2_103" class="label">103.</a> WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 19 December
-    1949, and “Autopsy Report,” Personnel records of Air Force members,
-    service numbers 17343A, AF 11101085, and 15239923, National Archives
-    and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_104" href="#FNanchor_2_104" class="label">104.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_105" href="#FNanchor_2_105" class="label">105.</a> WD AGO Form 8-33, “Clinical Record Brief,” 1 June 1950,
-    Personnel records of Air Force members, service numbers AO 685565 and
-    AF 32668639, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_106" href="#FNanchor_2_106" class="label">106.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_107" href="#FNanchor_2_107" class="label">107.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_108" href="#FNanchor_2_108" class="label">108.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 16, 1955 of
-    Air Force members, service numbers AO 3006516 and AO 3004607, Aircraft
-    Accident No. 55-6-16-6, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_109" href="#FNanchor_2_109" class="label">109.</a> DD Form 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” June
-    16, 1955, Personnel Records of Air Force members, service numbers AO
-    3006516 and AO 3004607, National Archives and Records Administration,
-    National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_110" href="#FNanchor_2_110" class="label">110.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 16, 1955, of
-    Air Force members, service numbers AO 3006516 and AO 3004607, Aircraft
-    Accident No. 55-6-16-6, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_111" href="#FNanchor_2_111" class="label">111.</a> Air Force Form 14b, “Medical Report of an Individual
-    Involved in AF Aircraft Accident,” 3 October 1955, Aircraft Accident
-    No. 55-10-3-6, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_112" href="#FNanchor_2_112" class="label">112.</a> Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. October 4,
-    thru October 7, 1955, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist
-    to MCTSG,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">146</span> October 12, 1955, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28,
-    folder Trip Rpts., Search &amp; Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to
-    234, National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and AF Form 715, “Preparation Room
-    History,” 4 October 1955, Personnel Record of Air Force member, service
-    number 1521B/2009467, National Archives and Records Administration,
-    National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_113" href="#FNanchor_2_113" class="label">113.</a> Air Force Form 14b, “Medical Report of an Individual
-    Involved in AF Aircraft Accident,” 3 October 1955, Aircraft Accident
-    No. 55-10-3-6, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_114" href="#FNanchor_2_114" class="label">114.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956,
-    Personnel Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and
-    AF 37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_115" href="#FNanchor_2_115" class="label">115.</a> Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through
-    30 June 1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas
-    W. Toy, Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division,
-    Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search &amp;
-    Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_116" href="#FNanchor_2_116" class="label">116.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956,
-    Personnel Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and
-    AF 37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Air Force Form 14b,
-    “Medical Report of an Individual Involved in AF Aircraft Accident,”
-    June 26, 1956, Headquarters Air Force Safety Agency, Kirtland AFB, N.M.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_117" href="#FNanchor_2_117" class="label">117.</a> AF Form 697, “Identification Findings and Conclusions,”
-    3 Feb 1960, Personnel Records of Air Force members, service numbers
-    AO 794152 and 1046844, National Archives and Records Administration,
-    National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_118" href="#FNanchor_2_118" class="label">118.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_119" href="#FNanchor_2_119" class="label">119.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_120" href="#FNanchor_2_120" class="label">120.</a> Charles A. Ravenstein, <cite>Air Force Combat Wings; Lineage
-    and Honors Histories, 1947–1977</cite> (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government
-    Printing Office, 1984), 16, 275–276.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_121" href="#FNanchor_2_121" class="label">121.</a> Air Force Form 14, “Report of Air Force Aircraft
-    Accident,” June 26, 1956, Headquarters Air Force Safety Agency,
-    Kirtland AFB, N.M.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_122" href="#FNanchor_2_122" class="label">122.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_123" href="#FNanchor_2_123" class="label">123.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_147">147</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_124" href="#FNanchor_2_124" class="label">124.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_125" href="#FNanchor_2_125" class="label">125.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_126" href="#FNanchor_2_126" class="label">126.</a> Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through
-    30 June 1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas
-    W. Toy, Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division,
-    Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search &amp;
-    Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_127" href="#FNanchor_2_127" class="label">127.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_128" href="#FNanchor_2_128" class="label">128.</a> Jack L. Whenry, Maj., USAF, (Ret), telephone interview
-    with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, January 26, 1995, and John C. Walter,
-    MSgt., USAF (Ret), telephone interview with Capt. James McAndrew, June
-    29, 1995 and July 12, 1996.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_129" href="#FNanchor_2_129" class="label">129.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_130" href="#FNanchor_2_130" class="label">130.</a> Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through
-    30 June 1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas
-    W. Toy, Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division,
-    Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search &amp;
-    Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_131" href="#FNanchor_2_131" class="label">131.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_132" href="#FNanchor_2_132" class="label">132.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis
-    interview, and Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 104.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_133" href="#FNanchor_2_133" class="label">133.</a> DD Form 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” June 26,
-    1956, Personnel Record of AF 37578524, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_134" href="#FNanchor_2_134" class="label">134.</a> Whenry, Walters, and Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November
-    1953, “Mortuary Affairs,” 28, Record Group 341, Entry 36, Box 13,
-    Microfilm Reel 167, National Archives and Record Administration,
-    College Park, Md.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_135" href="#FNanchor_2_135" class="label">135.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_136" href="#FNanchor_2_136" class="label">136.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956,
-    Personnel Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and
-    AF 37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_137" href="#FNanchor_2_137" class="label">137.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_138" href="#FNanchor_2_138" class="label">138.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956,
-    Personnel Record of Air Force member, service number AF 37578524,
-    National<span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">148</span> Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_139" href="#FNanchor_2_139" class="label">139.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_140" href="#FNanchor_2_140" class="label">140.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_141" href="#FNanchor_2_141" class="label">141.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_142" href="#FNanchor_2_142" class="label">142.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956,
-    Personnel Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861 and
-    AF 37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Air Force Form 14b,
-    “Medical Report of an Individual Involved in AF Aircraft Accident,”
-    June 26, 1956, Headquarters Air Force Safety Agency, Kirtland AFB, N.M.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_143" href="#FNanchor_2_143" class="label">143.</a> DD Form 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” June 26,
-    1956, Personnel Record of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861
-    and AF 37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_144" href="#FNanchor_2_144" class="label">144.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 108.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_145" href="#FNanchor_2_145" class="label">145.</a> Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. October 4, thru
-    October 7, 1955, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to MCTSG,
-    October 12, 1955, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip
-    Rpts., Search &amp; Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National
-    Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records
-    Center, St. Louis, Mo., and AF Form 697, “Identification Findings and
-    Conclusions,” 3 Feb 1960, Personnel Records of Air Force members,
-    service numbers AO 794152 and 1046844, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_146" href="#FNanchor_2_146" class="label">146.</a> Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November 1953, “Mortuary
-    Affairs,” 28–29, Accession No. 341, Entry 36, Box 13, Microfilm Reel
-    167, National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, Md.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_147" href="#FNanchor_2_147" class="label">147.</a> Official Trip Report—Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through 30
-    June 1956, George J. Schwaderer, Identification Specialist, to Thomas
-    W. Toy, Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, July 5, 1956, Accession No.
-    342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts., Search &amp; Ident: Mar 56 to
-    Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives and Records Administration,
-    National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Jack L. Whenry,
-    Maj., USAF, (Ret), telephone interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew,
-    January 26, 1995, and John C. Walter, MSgt., USAF (Ret), telephone
-    interview with Capt. James McAndrew, June 29, 1995 and July 12, 1996.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_148" href="#FNanchor_2_148" class="label">148.</a> Walter and Whenry.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_149">149</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_149" href="#FNanchor_2_149" class="label">149.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_150" href="#FNanchor_2_150" class="label">150.</a> WD AGO FORM 66, “Officer’s Qualification Record,” and
-    AF FORM 11, “Officer Military Record,” Personnel Record of Col. Lee
-    F. Ferrell, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_151" href="#FNanchor_2_151" class="label">151.</a> “Air Force Care of Deceased Personnel (1951–1959),
-    Volume 1: Text”, Historical Study No. 236, Call No. K 201-326, Air
-    Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_152" href="#FNanchor_2_152" class="label">152.</a> Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November 1953, “Mortuary
-    Affairs,” 27, Accession No. 341, Entry 36, Box 13, Microfilm Reel 167,
-    National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, Md.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_153" href="#FNanchor_2_153" class="label">153.</a> Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through
-    30 June 1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas
-    W. Toy, Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division,
-    July 5, 1956 and Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. October 4, thru
-    October 7, 1955, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to MCTSG,
-    October 12, 1955, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip
-    Rpts., Search &amp; Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National
-    Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-    St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_154" href="#FNanchor_2_154" class="label">154.</a> Official Trip Report Walker AFB, N.M. 27 June through
-    30 June 1956, George Schwaderer, Identification Specialist to Thomas
-    W. Toy, Chief Memorial Affairs Branch, Air Force Services Division,
-    July 5, 1956, Accession No. 342-65A-6025, Box 25/28, folder Trip Rpts.,
-    Search &amp; Ident: Mar 56 to Dec 56. Trip #198 to 234, National Archives
-    and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_155" href="#FNanchor_2_155" class="label">155.</a> George J. Schwaderer, telephone interview with Capt.
-    James McAndrew, June 28, 1996.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_156" href="#FNanchor_2_156" class="label">156.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_157" href="#FNanchor_2_157" class="label">157.</a> Air Force Manual 143-1, 1 November 1953, “Mortuary
-    Affairs,” 27, Accession No. 341, Entry 36, Box 13, Microfilm Reel 167,
-    National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, Md.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_158" href="#FNanchor_2_158" class="label">158.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 104.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_159" href="#FNanchor_2_159" class="label">159.</a> Memo, Charles J. Stahl, M.D., Armed Forces Medical
-    Examiner, to Capt. James McAndrew, SAF/AAZD, subj: Request for
-    Information on Aircraft Crash Fatalities, October 13, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_160" href="#FNanchor_2_160" class="label">160.</a> Unit history, 4036 USAF Hospital, Walker AFB, N.M., June
-    1956, 6, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_150">150</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_161" href="#FNanchor_2_161" class="label">161.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_162" href="#FNanchor_2_162" class="label">162.</a> Standard form 503, “Autopsy Protocol,” June 27, 1956,
-    Personnel Record of of Air Force members, service numbers AO 2223861
-    and AF 37578524, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_163" href="#FNanchor_2_163" class="label">163.</a> Air Force Missile Development Center, <span class="smcap"><cite>Man-High
-    I</cite></span>, MDC-TR-59-24, 1959, and Lt. Col. David G. Simons, <span class="smcap"><cite>Man
-    High II</cite></span>, Air Force Missile Development Center, Holloman AFB,
-    N.M., AFMDC-TR-59-28, June 1959, 1, and Air Force Missile Development
-    Center, <span class="smcap"><cite>Man High III</cite></span>, MDC-TR-60-16, 1961.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_164" href="#FNanchor_2_164" class="label">164.</a> Historical Branch, Office of Information Services, Air
-    Force Missile Development Center, Air Research and Development Command,
-    Holloman AFB, N.M., <cite>Contributions of Balloon Operations to Research
-    and Development at the Air Force Missile Development Center Holloman
-    Air Force Base, N. Mex. 1947–1958</cite> (hereafter <cite>Contributions of Balloon
-    Operations 1947–1958</cite>), 11.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_165" href="#FNanchor_2_165" class="label">165.</a> ibid., and Air Force Missile Development Center FORM
-    597, Schedule Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,”
-    May 19, 20, 22, 1959, Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National
-    Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-    St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_166" href="#FNanchor_2_166" class="label">166.</a> DD FORM 481-3, “Clinical Record Cover Sheet,” May 21,
-    1959, Personnel Record of Capt. Dan D. Fulgham, National Archives and
-    Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
-    Mo., and Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule
-    Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 20, 1959,
-    Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_167" href="#FNanchor_2_167" class="label">167.</a> DD Form 613, R&amp;D Progress Card, Project 7164,
-    “Physiology of Flight,” Task 71840, “Life Supporting Systems for
-    Advanced Vehicles,” February 24, 1959, 30–31, National Archives and
-    Record Administration Accession No. 342-75-095, Box 93/100, folder 1,
-    and Technical “R&amp;D” Record Book, Aeromedical Laboratory, Physiology
-    Branch, “Life Support System for Orbital Flight,” Project 7164, Task
-    71840, 13–16, National Archives and Record Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo. Accession No. 342-75-095, Box
-    93/100, folder 2.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_168" href="#FNanchor_2_168" class="label">168.</a> Air Force Form 77, “USAF Officer Effectiveness Report,
-    1 Feb 58 to 31 Jan 59, Personnel Record of Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger,
-    Jr., National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr.,
-    <cite>The Long, Lonely Leap</cite>, (New York: E.P. Dutton &amp; Co., Inc., 1961) 131.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_151">151</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_169" href="#FNanchor_2_169" class="label">169.</a> Air Force Missile Development Center, <cite>Man-High I</cite>,
-    MDC-TR-59-24, 1959.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_170" href="#FNanchor_2_170" class="label">170.</a> Schedule Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola
-    Flight,” May 19, 20, 22, 1959, Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_171" href="#FNanchor_2_171" class="label">171.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_172" href="#FNanchor_2_172" class="label">172.</a> Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF, (Ret), interview with 1st Lt.
-    James McAndrew, May 28, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_173" href="#FNanchor_2_173" class="label">173.</a> Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule
-    Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 19, 1959,
-    Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_174" href="#FNanchor_2_174" class="label">174.</a> Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule
-    Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 20, 1959,
-    Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_175" href="#FNanchor_2_175" class="label">175.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_176" href="#FNanchor_2_176" class="label">176.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_177" href="#FNanchor_2_177" class="label">177.</a> ibid., and Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF (Ret),
-    interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, June 23, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_178" href="#FNanchor_2_178" class="label">178.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_179" href="#FNanchor_2_179" class="label">179.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_180" href="#FNanchor_2_180" class="label">180.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_181" href="#FNanchor_2_181" class="label">181.</a> Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF, (Ret), interview with 1st
-    Lt. James McAndrew, May 26, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_182" href="#FNanchor_2_182" class="label">182.</a> ibid. and Standard Form 539, “Abbreviated Clinical
-    Record,” May 21, 1959, Personnel Record of Col. Dan D. Fulgham,
-    National Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel
-    Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_183" href="#FNanchor_2_183" class="label">183.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_184" href="#FNanchor_2_184" class="label">184.</a> Jorgeson and Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF (Ret),
-    interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 31, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_185" href="#FNanchor_2_185" class="label">185.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_186" href="#FNanchor_2_186" class="label">186.</a> Fulgham and William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col., USAF, (Ret),
-    interview with 1st Lt. James McAndrew, May 24, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_187" href="#FNanchor_2_187" class="label">187.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_152">152</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_188" href="#FNanchor_2_188" class="label">188.</a> Jorgeson.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_189" href="#FNanchor_2_189" class="label">189.</a> Kaufman.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_190" href="#FNanchor_2_190" class="label">190.</a> Signed, sworn statement of Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF,
-    (Ret), May 25, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_191" href="#FNanchor_2_191" class="label">191.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_192" href="#FNanchor_2_192" class="label">192.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_193" href="#FNanchor_2_193" class="label">193.</a> Video, <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, Gerald
-      Anderson interview, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_194" href="#FNanchor_2_194" class="label">194.</a> Kittinger and Air Force Form 77, “USAF Officer
-    Effectiveness Report,” 1 Feb 58 to 31 Jan 59, Personnel Record of Col.
-    Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., National Archives and Records Administration,
-    National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_195" href="#FNanchor_2_195" class="label">195.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_196" href="#FNanchor_2_196" class="label">196.</a> ibid., and Kaufman.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_197" href="#FNanchor_2_197" class="label">197.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_198" href="#FNanchor_2_198" class="label">198.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_199" href="#FNanchor_2_199" class="label">199.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_200" href="#FNanchor_2_200" class="label">200.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_201" href="#FNanchor_2_201" class="label">201.</a> Signed, sworn statements of Charles A. Coltman, Col.
-    (MC), USAF, (Ret), Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF, (Ret), Joseph W.
-    Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF, (Ret), Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF, (Ret),
-    Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF, (Ret), and statement of William C. Kaufman,
-    Lt. Col., USAF, (Ret).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_202" href="#FNanchor_2_202" class="label">202.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_203" href="#FNanchor_2_203" class="label">203.</a> Capt. Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., <cite>The Long, Lonely Leap</cite>,
-      (New York: E.P. Dutton &amp; Co., Inc., 1961) 130.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_204" href="#FNanchor_2_204" class="label">204.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_205" href="#FNanchor_2_205" class="label">205.</a> Signed, sworn statements of Charles A. Coltman, Col.
-    (MC), USAF, (Ret), Dan D. Fulgham, Col., USAF, (Ret), Joseph W.
-    Kittinger, Jr., Col., USAF, (Ret), Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF, (Ret),
-    Ole Jorgeson, MSgt., USAF, (Ret), and statement of William C. Kaufman,
-    Lt. Col., USAF, (Ret).
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_206" href="#FNanchor_2_206" class="label">206.</a> Craig D. Ryan, <cite>The Pre-Astronauts</cite>, (Annapolis: Naval
-    Institute Press, 1995), 200.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_153">153</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_207" href="#FNanchor_2_207" class="label">207.</a> Air Force Missile Development Center FORM 597, Schedule
-    Request- Project 7222/4.2- “Manned Gondola Flight,” May 19, 1959,
-    Accession No. 342-65B-3185, Box 4/22, National Archives and Records
-    Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo., and
-    Memo: Maj. Lawrence M. Bogard, Chief, Balloon Branch, to MDWXB, subj:
-    Project 7222, 8 May 1959.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_208" href="#FNanchor_2_208" class="label">208.</a> ibid., and Jorgeson.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_209" href="#FNanchor_2_209" class="label">209.</a> Jorgeson.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_210" href="#FNanchor_2_210" class="label">210.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_211" href="#FNanchor_2_211" class="label">211.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_212" href="#FNanchor_2_212" class="label">212.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_213" href="#FNanchor_2_213" class="label">213.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_214" href="#FNanchor_2_214" class="label">214.</a> Karl T. Pflock, “Star Witness: The Mortician of Roswell
-    Breaks His Code of Silence,” <cite>Omni</cite>, Fall 1995, 103.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_215" href="#FNanchor_2_215" class="label">215.</a> <cite>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</cite>, W. Glenn Dennis interview.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_216" href="#FNanchor_2_216" class="label">216.</a> Jorgeson.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_217" href="#FNanchor_2_217" class="label">217.</a> Unit History, 47th Air Division, June 1954, photo
-    section, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, AL.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_218" href="#FNanchor_2_218" class="label">218.</a> Unit History, 6th Bomb Wing, June 1959, Annex “N,” “Base
-    Support Plan, Medical,” June 1, 1959.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_219" href="#FNanchor_2_219" class="label">219.</a> Charles A. Ravenstein, <cite>Air Force Combat Wings; Lineage
-    and Honors Histories, 1947–1977</cite> (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government
-    Printing Office, 1984), 16.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_220" href="#FNanchor_2_220" class="label">220.</a> Kaufman.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_221" href="#FNanchor_2_221" class="label">221.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_222" href="#FNanchor_2_222" class="label">222.</a> Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt., USAF, (Ret), interview with 1st
-    Lt. James McAndrew, May 31, 1995.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_223" href="#FNanchor_2_223" class="label">223.</a> Fulgham.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_224" href="#FNanchor_2_224" class="label">224.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_225" href="#FNanchor_2_225" class="label">225.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_226" href="#FNanchor_2_226" class="label">226.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_227" href="#FNanchor_2_227" class="label">227.</a> ibid., and ltr., Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Director, Dearborn
-    Observatory, Northwestern University, to Maj. Hector Quintanilla, Chief
-    Aerial Phenomena Branch, December 6, 1965, National Air Intelligence
-    Center historical files, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_154">154</span>
-    <a id="Footnote_2_228" href="#FNanchor_2_228" class="label">228.</a> Kevin D. Randle and Donald R. Schmitt, <cite>The Truth About
-    the UFO Crash at Roswell</cite> (New York: Avon Books, 1994), 22.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_229" href="#FNanchor_2_229" class="label">229.</a> Standard Form 539, “Abbreviated Clinical Record,” May
-    21, 1959, Personnel Record of Col. Dan D. Fulgham, National Archives
-    and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center, St.
-    Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_230" href="#FNanchor_2_230" class="label">230.</a> Fulgham.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_231" href="#FNanchor_2_231" class="label">231.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_232" href="#FNanchor_2_232" class="label">232.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_233" href="#FNanchor_2_233" class="label">233.</a> Kaufman.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_234" href="#FNanchor_2_234" class="label">234.</a> DD Form 640, “Nursing Notes,” May 24, 1959, and DD Form
-    728, “Doctor’s Orders,” May 22, 1959, Personnel Record of Col. Dan
-    D. Fulgham, National Archives and Records Administration, National
-    Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_235" href="#FNanchor_2_235" class="label">235.</a> Kittinger, Kaufman, and DD Form 728 “Doctor’s Orders,”
-    May 22, 1959, Personnel Record of Col. Dan D. Fulgham, National
-    Archives and Records Administration, National Personnel Records Center,
-    St. Louis, Mo.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_236" href="#FNanchor_2_236" class="label">236.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_237" href="#FNanchor_2_237" class="label">237.</a> Kittinger.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_238" href="#FNanchor_2_238" class="label">238.</a> ibid.
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="footnote">
-    <a id="Footnote_2_239" href="#FNanchor_2_239" class="label">239.</a> Fulgham.
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_155">155</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Appendix_A">Appendix A</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_156">156</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center large"><b>Anthropomorphic Dummy Launch<br />and Landing Locations</b></div>
-  <div class="mt2 mb5">
-    <img class="illow100" id="i156" src="images/i_156.jpg" alt="" />
-    <div class="xsmall left">Source: Test records of U.S. Air Force aeromedical project no. 7218,<br />
-      task 71719 (<span class="smcap">High Dive</span>) and project no. 7222, task 71748
-      (<span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>).</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_157">157</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center sans"><b>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops</b></div>
-
-  <table class="mt2 collapse" summary="High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops">
-    <tbody>
-      <tr class="sans">
-        <th class="tdl bt bb">Number</th>
-        <th class="tdl bt bb">Date</th>
-        <th class="tdl bt bb">Launch Site</th>
-        <th class="tdl bt bb">Landing Site</th>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>1</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/23/54</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>2</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/28/54</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Dunkin, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>3</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/30/54</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">10 miles Southwest of Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>4</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">12/1/54</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>5</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">12/2/54</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">12 miles South of Artesia, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>6</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">12/6/54</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Near Twin Buttes, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>7</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">12/9/54</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">3 miles West of Twin Buttes, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>8</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/23/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">28 miles East of Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>9</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">3/1/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">25 miles South of Caprock, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>10</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">3/3/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">25 miles East/Northeast of Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>11</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/15/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">5 miles Northwest of Dunkin, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>12</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/23/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">35 miles Southwest of Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>13</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/29/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">25 miles West of Three Rivers, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>14</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">7/7/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">13 miles West of Tularosa Peak, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>15</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">7/15/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">15 miles Northeast of Hatch, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>16</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">11/17/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">8 miles Northwest of Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>17</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">11/21/55</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>18</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">1/25/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>19</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/8/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">20 miles South of Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>20</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/21/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">20 miles East of Dunkin, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>21</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/21/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>22</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">5/18/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Data Not Available</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>23</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">5/22/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Data Not Available</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_158">158</span><div>24</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">8/21/56</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>25</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">5/16/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Truth or Consequences, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">White Sands Proving Ground, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>26</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">5/29/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Hatch, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">25 miles Northwest of Las Cruces, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>27</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/4/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">11 miles North of Las Cruces, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>28</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/6/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">17 miles South of Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>29</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/7/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>30</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/11/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Hatch, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">West of San Agustin Pass, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>31</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">6/13/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>32</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">9/27/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">White Sands Natl<br />Monument Picnic Area</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Orogrande, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>33</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">10/8/57</td>
-        <td class="tdl">White Sands Proving Ground</td>
-        <td class="tdl">10 miles East of Picacho, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>34</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">1/29/58</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Data Not Available</td>
-        <td class="tdl">20 miles South of Alamogordo, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>35</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">1/9/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">White Sands Proving Ground, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>36</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">1/14/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Las Palomas, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">30 miles East/Southeast of Roswell, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>37</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">1/30/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Nutt, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">White Sands Proving Ground, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>38</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/4/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">1 mile North of Bent, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>39</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/6/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Lake Valley, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Data Not Available</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>40</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/10/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Caballo Dam, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">White Sands Proving Ground, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>41</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/11/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Hatch, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Data Not Available</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>42</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/14/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Data Not Available</td>
-        <td class="tdl">30 miles West of Holloman AFB, N.M.</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdr1"><div>43</div></td>
-        <td class="tdl">2/16/59</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Ft. Craig, N.M.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Mescalero Apache Reservation (N.M.)</td>
-      </tr>
-    </tbody>
-  </table>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_159">159</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Appendix_B">Appendix B</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_160">160</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mb2" id="Clouthier">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Place: Farmington, NM</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Date: 26 April 1996</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I Charles E. Clouthier, hereby state that James McAndrew, was
-    identified as a Captain, USAFR on this date at my place of employment
-    do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the following
-    statement. This was done without having been subjected to any coercion,
-    unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I was on active duty in the US Air Force and stationed at Walker AFB,
-    Roswell, NM, from February 1955 until October 1956. During that time I
-    was a pharmacist assigned to the base hospital. Following my tour of
-    duty with the Air Force, I returned to my hometown, Farmington, NM,
-    where I became an employee and eventually a co-owner of Farmington Drug.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">With the exception of the two years in the US Air Force, I have
-    been a resident of Farmington, NM since 1934. It is my recollection
-    that Dr Frank B. Nordstrom was the first pediatrician to practice
-    in the Farmington area and he remained the only pediatrician in
-    Farmington until approximately 1970. I base these recollections on
-    extensive professional and personal contacts with physicians in the
-    Farmington area and as a father of two children who were patients of Dr
-    Nordstrom’s.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Also based on nearly 40 years of contact with physicians in the
-    Farmington area, I believe that Dr Nordstrom is the only physician
-    who served a tour of duty at Walker AFB. During the 1960s, I became
-    aware that Dr Nordstrom had also served at the Walker AFB hospital. At
-    various times in the ensuing years. Dr Nordstrom and I reminisced about
-    our service at Walker AFB. During these conversations Dr Nordstrom
-    never mentioned any activities during his tour of duty I considered
-    unusual or that might explain reports of bodies or aliens. During the
-    time I was stationed at Walker AFB, I did not witness, nor did I hear
-    rumors, of anything that involved flying saucers, aliens, or anything
-    else of an extraterrestrial nature.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of a conspiracy to withhold information from either
-    the US government or the American public. There is no classified
-    information that I am withholding related to this inquiry, and I have
-    not been threatened by US government persons concerning not talking
-    about this matter.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_161">161</span></p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Charles E. Clouthier<br /><br />WITNESS:
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Subscribed and sworn before a<br />
-      person authorized to administer oaths<br />
-      this 26th day of April 1996 at<br />
-      Farmington, NM<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, Capt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_161.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_162">162</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Coltman">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 25 May 95</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, Charles A. Coltman, Jr., Col, USAF, MC (Ret), hereby state that
-    James McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR, on this date at
-    my place of employment and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free
-    will, make the following statement. This was done without having been
-    subjected to any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I entered the U.S. Air Force in 1957 as a flight surgeon and was
-    assigned to Walker AFB, NM, in 1958. Following a residency at Ohio
-    State University from 1959 to 1963, I was assigned to Wilford Hall
-    USAF Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, where I eventually became the
-    Chairman of the Department of Medicine. I retired from the Air Force
-    in 1977. I am presently a Professor at The University of Texas Health
-    Science Center at San Antonio, and Chief Executive Officer of the
-    Cancer Therapy and Research Foundation of South Texas.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I remember a balloon crash that happened north of Roswell, NM, in May,
-    1959. I received a phone call from the NCOIC of the Flight Surgeon’s
-    office, who informed me of the crash. The NCOIC, Earl Wormwood, came
-    to my quarters and we drove, in an old blue Air Force “crackerbox”
-    ambulance, to the crash site. I remember the gondola laying on its side
-    and the deflated balloon on the ground. The crew members were sitting
-    next to the gondola. I examined the pilots and determined they were not
-    seriously injured. They told me they were practicing touch-and-go’s
-    and a gust of wind had dumped them on the ground, and the gondola had
-    struck one of the pilots in the head. Also present were Air Force
-    technicians in trucks who tracked the balloon. The injured pilots were
-    transported to the Flight Surgeon’s office at the hospital at Walker
-    AFB.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">The injury sustained by the crew member was a head abrasion/contusion
-    and a hemotoma. The hemotoma caused the patient’s head to swell,
-    however, it was not serious enough for him to be admitted. I remember
-    receiving a call from Col (Dr.) John Stapp. He was in charge of the
-    balloon project and was quite famous. Dr Stapp inquired about the
-    injuries to the pilots and he wanted them returned to Holloman AFB as
-    quickly as possible.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">The hospital was an old World War II cantonment-type building with
-    long corridors and a capacity of fifty beds. I do not recall a nurse
-    assisting me in the treatment of the patient, although a nurse may
-    have been on duty and observed the patient. I was the only doctor in
-    the hospital that morning. There were no visiting doctors from other
-    bases or facilities. I do not remember any altercations or arguments
-    that day. During my time at Walker, I do not recall that any autopsies
-    were performed at the hospital, since we did not have a pathologist
-    on staff. I do not recall any remains brought to the hospital in body
-    bags, or wreckage transported in the back of an ambulance. There may
-    have been remains brought to the hospital in body bags after a KC-97
-    crash, but that was before I arrived at Walker. Dr Ed Bradley was
-    involved in the recovery of the remains.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_163">163</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">At no time was there ever any involvement of the Walker hospital with
-    UFO’s or “space aliens” I know this to be true because the hospital was
-    very small and had a small staff. If any activity, other than normal
-    hospital functions, had occurred, I would have known about it.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Charles A. Coltman, Jr., M.D.<br /><br />WITNESS(s):
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Sworn to and subscribed before me,<br />
-      an individual authorized to administer<br />
-      oaths, this 25th day of May, 1995,<br />
-      at<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_163.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_164">164</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Fulgham">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 25 May 95</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, Dan D. Fulgham, Col, USAF (Ret), hereby state that James McAndrew
-    was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my place of
-    employment and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the
-    following statement. This was done without having been subjected to any
-    coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I entered the U.S. Air Force in 1952 as an aviation cadet. I flew F-84s
-    on 100 combat missions during the Korean war. After a tour as a flight
-    instructor I was assigned to the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright
-    Patterson. I participated in both the Air Force Man in Space program
-    and Project Mercury. I also participated in the X-15 and X-20 programs
-    and worked as a bioastronautics officer with NASA on Gemini. During my
-    Air Force career, I earned both a Master’s and Doctorate degree from
-    Purdue University. I flew a combat tour in Southeast Asia in F-4s as
-    a member of the 555th Tactical Fighter Squadron and flew 133 combat
-    missions. I retired from the Air Force in 1978 as the Commander of
-    the Human Resources Laboratory at Brooks AFB, TX. I am presently the
-    Director Of Biosciences for a research organization in San Antonio, TX.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">In 1959 I volunteered for training to become a back up pilot for
-    Capt Joe Kittenger in his high altitude balloon projects. I flew two
-    missions for training purposes with Capt Kittenger and Capt Bill
-    Kaufman from Holloman AFB, NM in May, 1959. On the second flight we
-    were practicing touch and go landings north of Roswell, NM when we
-    “crashed” on one of the landings. The gondola flipped over and my
-    head was pinned to the ground by the lip of the gondola. We managed
-    to lift the gondola off of my head and looked it over for damage.
-    Capt Kittenger was bleeding from a cut on his face and I noticed that
-    my head seemed to be protruding outward from underneath my helmet.
-    Realizing I was injured, I sat down and feared I might go into shock. I
-    was not in pain but my entire head was throbbing and began to swell.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I then remember boarding the “chase” helicopter that was following
-    us and flying a short distance to Walker AFB for medical treatment.
-    I recall walking into the hospital and also stopping on the front
-    step to smoke a cigarette. I remember security personnel escorting
-    and questioning us to determine who we were. Security was very tight
-    at Strategic Air Command bases such as Walker. On occasion surprise
-    inspection teams from SAC headquarters arrived in helicopters just as
-    we did. In addition, a story of three Air Force officers crashing in a
-    balloon was somewhat far fetched. The security people were convinced of
-    our identities when they spoke with Col John P. Stapp, the Aero Medical
-    Laboratory Commander.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">While I was at Walker my head had swelled considerably and both eyes
-    were turning black. Later the skin on my face turned yellow. I remember
-    being seen by one doctor and I do not believe any other doctors
-    participated in my treatment. I do not recall any<span class="pagenum" id="Page_165">165</span> nurses attending to
-    me. I also do not recall that a black NCO was present nor do I recall
-    any civilian men in the hospital. I do not recall that Capt Kittenger
-    was involved in an altercation of any kind while we were there. After I
-    was treated and released we all flew back to Holloman on the helicopter.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">At Holloman I was admitted to the hospital and had blood aspirated
-    from under my scalp. I remember my forehead drooping down, I had to
-    use my fingers to open my eyelids, and I had to sleep sitting up.
-    Several days later I returned to Wright Patterson with Capt Kittenger
-    and Capt Kaufman. My wife met the airplane and when she saw me, she
-    burst into tears due to the swelling of my head, the two black eyes,
-    and the yellow color of my skin. When I returned to my office at Wright
-    Patterson, my secretary also began to cry when she saw me. After some
-    weeks my head returned to normal size and I was returned to flying
-    status.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">During my Air Force career I was involved in many different scientific
-    research projects including the space program. I can state with
-    certainty that none of them, including the incident described here, had
-    anything to do with UFOs or “space aliens”.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Dan D. Fulgham, Col, USAF (Ret)<br /><br />WITNESS(s):
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Subscribed and sworn before me, an<br />
-      individual authorized to administer<br />
-      oaths this 25th day of May 1995<br />
-      at<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_165.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_166">166</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Gildenberg">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 28 May 95</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, Bernard D. Gildenberg, GS-14, (Ret), hereby state that James
-    McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my home
-    and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the following
-    statement. This was done without having been subjected to any coercion,
-    unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I became involved in high altitude balloon development while an
-    undergraduate student at New York University (NYU). Following
-    graduation I was hired by the Air Force at Holloman AFB and worked
-    continuously as both a meteorologist and aerospace engineer at
-    the Balloon Branch from 1951 until my retirement in 1981. My job
-    responsibilities were to forecast the weather and fly by remote
-    control, high altitude balloons for many different scientific projects.
-    During this time. I became internationally recognized as an authority
-    on high altitude balloon trajectory forecasting. I have published
-    numerous technical reports and articles.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">The first project in which I was involved, while still an undergraduate
-    student at NYU, was the acoustical detection of nuclear explosions. The
-    name of the project, Mogul, was classified and I didn’t know this name
-    until several years ago. Based on my experience with this project I am
-    certain project Mogul was responsible for some portions of what has
-    become to be known as the “Roswell Incident”.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Following project Mogul I was involved in perfecting high altitude
-    balloon technology and made many test flights with large polyethylene
-    balloons from Holloman AFB. I worked extensively on atmospheric
-    sampling projects and biological flights in which the balloons lifted
-    small animals to altitude for cosmic ray experiments. I also worked
-    on the Moby Dick Project that collected meteorological data and the
-    classified Gopher (119L) reconnaissance project.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I was relied upon to forecast the weather, conduct climatological
-    studies, predict balloon trajectories, and to hit with precision,
-    ground targets both on and off the White Sands Missile Range. Balloon
-    trajectories in New Mexico below the tropopause, are predominantly
-    towards the east-northeast, when launched from Holloman AFB with the
-    exception of July and August when balloons remained over the Holloman
-    area. At high altitude, above the tropopause, trajectories are
-    generally westerly during the summer and easterly during the spring,
-    fall, and winter. As a result these winds, the Holloman balloon branch
-    recovered many, probably hundreds, of balloons and scientific payloads
-    from the Roswell, NM area over the years.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">During the time of the year when trajectories were to the east I
-    attempted to drop the equipment near accessible non mountainous areas
-    and paved roads. The main target area was the first large north-south
-    road on the other side of the Sacramento Mountains from Holloman AFB,
-    Highway 285. This road goes north and south through Roswell. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_167">167</span>
-    standard procedure was to preposition military recovery crews near the
-    projected point of payload impact. The crews consisted primarily of
-    Air Force members in uniform and they operated military vehicles. I
-    often directed these crews to “standby” along the shoulder of Highway
-    285, both north and south of Roswell until the balloon was in position.
-    The recovery crews received detailed instructions from the tracking
-    aircraft that led them to the exact location of the payload. The
-    recovery vehicle included, depending on the mission, a crane, weapons
-    carriers, communications van, and occasionally tanker trucks to refuel
-    the aircraft that would sometimes land on nearby roads.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">During the time of the year when balloon trajectories were to the west,
-    I attempted to drop the payloads in the Rio Grande Valley. I also aimed
-    for another valley, the flat area north of Truth or Consequences that
-    includes the Plains of San Augustin. In addition, many remote balloon
-    launch sites were located throughout the Rio Grande Valley west of the
-    White Sands Proving Grounds. Launch crews were also mostly military and
-    used much of the same equipment as the recovery crews.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I had extensive involvement with Project 7218 that later became
-    Project 7222. This project studied the free-fall characteristics of
-    anthropomorphic dummies dropped from balloons from altitudes up to
-    100,000 feet. The missions usually consisted of two dummies attached
-    to a suspension rack that I directed to be released at altitude.
-    Depending on the wind conditions and time of year, the dummies, on many
-    occasions, landed in the Roswell area. I recall some difficulties in
-    the release mechanisms of the dummies that resulted in some of them
-    free-falling to the ground while they were still attached to the rack.
-    Someone without a good vantage point or not associated with the project
-    might mistake these dummies for “aliens” due to their odd flesh tones
-    and abstract human features.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I also recall an accident involving a manned balloon flight. I
-    remember this event clearly because I am also a balloon pilot and had
-    an accident approximately two years before. The accident occurred
-    on a flight that Capt Joe Kittenger was “checking out” two back up
-    pilots for his high altitude missions. The balloon was launched around
-    midnight from behind the Balloon Branch at Holloman AFB. I remember
-    that some of the steel ballast used by the balloon caused a “fireworks”
-    display when it contacted some nearby power lines during the launch.
-    I was operating the control center for this flight and I received
-    notification from the communications vehicle that was following the
-    balloon that there had been an accident north of Roswell. I later
-    learned that the gondola had rolled over during a practice touch and go
-    landing and one of the pilots had been struck in the head and injured.
-    I recall speaking to Capt Kittinger about the accident and I saw the
-    injured pilot. Although his injury was not serious, his head had
-    considerable swelling and he looked very odd.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I also worked with Capt Kittinger on Project Stargazer. I also had met
-    several times the civilian scientific advisor Dr. J. Allen Hynek. Dr
-    Hynek was thoroughly familiar with the balloon operations at Holloman
-    and visited the Balloon Branch numerous times. This project experienced
-    some difficulties and only one manned flight was conducted.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_168">168</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Another project I was involved with was the Air Force investigations
-    of UFOs. Project Bluebook. Since I was a meteorologist and amateur
-    astronomer I evaluated, starting in 1951, local sightings of UFOs. New
-    Mexico had alot of sightings because of the good visibility and the
-    many experimental projects of the White Sands Proving Grounds. During
-    my time on Project Bluebook there wasn’t any sightings that we could
-    not explain. Nevertheless popular literature still refers to some of
-    these sightings as unexplained.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Another project with which I was involved, was the NASA Voyager and
-    Viking Projects. These space vehicles were tested by launching them
-    from our balloons at extremely high altitude to simulate the atmosphere
-    of Venus and Mars. To utilize the instrumentation on the White Sands
-    Missile Range I elected to launch the balloons and attached space
-    vehicles from the Roswell Industrial Air Center, formerly the Roswell
-    Army Airfield. The Holloman Balloon Branch made approximately eight
-    launches of these two vehicles from Roswell. In appearance the Viking
-    and Voyager probes could be mistaken for a flying saucer. They were
-    both unclassified highly publicized projects and I do not recall
-    getting any UFO reports for these flights. I believe one of these
-    probes is on display at White Sands Missile Range and its known as the
-    “flying saucer”.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Bernard D. Gildenberg, GS-14 (Ret)<br /><br />WITNESS(s):
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Subscribed and sworn before me, an<br />
-      individual authorized to administer<br />
-      oaths this 28th day of May 1995<br />
-      at<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_168.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_169">169</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Jorgeson">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 28 May 95</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, Ole Jorgeson, MSgt. USAF, (Ret), hereby state that James McAndrew
-    was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my home and
-    do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the following
-    statement. This was done without having been subjected to any coercion,
-    unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I enlisted in the U.S. Air Force in 1957 and became a Ground
-    Communications and Electronic Repairman. I remained in this career
-    field throughout my career. I completed three tours at the Balloon
-    Branch at Holloman AFB, NM. I retired from the Air Force in 1977 as the
-    NCOIC of the Communication and Instrumentation Section of the Balloon
-    Branch at Holloman AFB.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I recall an overnight balloon training mission that was conducted in
-    May, 1959. Capt Joe Kittinger was training back up pilots for one
-    of his upcoming projects. I was an airman assigned to coordinate
-    communications and to assist in the recovery of the balloon upon
-    completion of the mission. I followed the balloon in an old Korean
-    War vintage “crackerbox” ambulance that had been converted into
-    a communications van. Another airman and I followed the balloon
-    throughout the night on an easterly trajectory over the Sacramento
-    Mountains to an area north of Roswell. Also following the balloon were
-    recovery technicians in a weapons carrier. We stayed in contact with
-    the balloon crew by radio and also observed flares the crew would
-    light at various intervals so we could visually track them. Just
-    after sunrise I recall the balloon landing north of Roswell and Capt
-    Kittinger offered me some coffee and told me he was going to make one
-    more touch and go landing to complete the mission. I remember that I
-    took some photographs of the balloon and waited for the last landing.
-    Several minutes later I remember hearing a “bang”, this was the squib
-    that fired to release the gondola from the balloon. We immediately
-    went to where the gondola landed and saw the gondola laying on its
-    side and saw two of the pilots standing and one lying down. Lying on
-    the ground was a shattered helmet that was worn by one of the pilots.
-    Capt Kittinger told me they were attempting to land to avoid some power
-    lines and a row of trees.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Soon after I arrived at the crash site, a helicopter that was also
-    following the flight landed and transported the three aircrew members
-    to Walker AFB for medical attention. I recall I assisted the recovery
-    technicians load the balloon and the gondola on the weapons carrier
-    and then drove 15 to 20 minutes to the hospital at Walker AFB. When I
-    arrived at Walker, we parked the converted ambulance near the hospital
-    and either the other airman with me or the recovery technicians called
-    the balloon control center to notify them of the accident. I recall
-    waiting near the hospital for a short period of time and then returning
-    to Holloman AFB. During the time I was waiting at the hospital I did
-    not observe any arguments or altercations. I did not observe Capt
-    Kittinger speaking disrespectfully to anyone. I also do not recall any
-    male civilians or any vehicles that belonged to a mortuary.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_170">170</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I participated in many, probably more than 100, balloon recoveries.
-    I often recovered payloads and balloons from the area surrounding
-    Roswell, NM. It was routine to be directed by the balloon control
-    center to an area near Roswell to wait to recover a balloon. We would
-    wait along the side of the road, at small airports, or at the armory in
-    Roswell. It would not be uncommon for our recovery vehicles to be seen
-    waiting to recover balloons throughout New Mexico, Arizona, and West
-    Texas. When we recovered the balloons and payloads sometimes civilians
-    would be in the area and make inquires. We would tell them what we were
-    doing and provide them with a telephone number at Holloman AFB if they
-    wanted to report any damages. We were required to clean up the area
-    and remove all debris before we left. In addition to the recoveries, I
-    recall making balloon launches from sites up and down the Rio Grande
-    Valley. I remember that some of these launches were made from an area
-    west of Soccoro, NM.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Another project I participated in was the testing of the Viking space
-    probe in 1972. These four launches were all made from the Roswell
-    Industrial Air Center, the former Roswell Army Airfield. Approximately
-    twenty Air Force personnel were on temporary duty to Roswell throughout
-    the summer of 1972 to support this project. NASA personnel prepared
-    the spacecraft for launch from the old hangers of the former Air Force
-    base. This project was not classified and was covered by the news media.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Ole Jorgesen, MSgt, USAF, (Ret)<br /><br />WITNESS(s):
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Subscribed and sworn before me, an<br />
-      individual authorized to administer<br />
-      oaths this 28th day of May 1995<br />
-      at<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_170.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_171">171</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Kaufman">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">28 October 1996</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, William C. Kaufman, Lt. Col., USAF (Ret), hereby voluntarily and of
-    my own free will, make the following statement. This was done without
-    coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I was drafted into the Army of the United States in 1943, transferred
-    to the Army Air Forces, and was commissioned as a pilot in 1944. From
-    1950 until 1967, with a break for training for a combat tour in Korea
-    and for educational assignments to AFIT, I was assigned to the Aero
-    Medical Laboratory at Wright Patterson AFB, OH. During that time I
-    was a physiological training officer and worked in the development of
-    early pressure suits. I tested many high altitude pilots and also the
-    first group of astronauts. Later during my Air Force career, in 1961, I
-    earned a Ph.D. in Physiology and Biophysics. I was assigned to the Aero
-    Medical Laboratory for three tours and retired in 1968 as the Chief of
-    the Biodynamics Branch of the Aero Medical Field Laboratory at Holloman
-    AFB, NM.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">During my third assignment at Wright Patterson, I volunteered, along
-    with Capt Dan Fulgham, to be a backup pilot for Capt Joe Kittinger for
-    his high altitude balloon project, Project Excelsior. Capt Kittinger
-    instructed Capt Fulgham and me in ballooning in May 1959. At the end of
-    an overnight training flight, on the morning of May 21, 1959, northwest
-    of Roswell, NM, we (Kittinger, Fulgham and I) had an accident with the
-    balloon. We were practicing touch and go landings when a severe gust
-    of wind overturned the gondola, dumping all of us to the ground with
-    the gondola on top of us. The accident occurred in a small pasture
-    where a pony was grazing next to a small cottage. For safety, we were
-    followed during hours of darkness by a C-131 aircraft and during
-    the day by a H-21 helicopter. We were followed the entire time by
-    technicians in a truck for communications and for the recovery of the
-    balloon and gondola. Seeing the accident, the crews of the helicopter
-    and the recovery trucks came to our assistance, much to the dismay of
-    the farmer who owned the pony, which had run away when the truck broke
-    down the fence to reach the crash site. I recall that a member of the
-    helicopter crew attempted to calm the farmer.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_172">172</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Capt Fulgham sustained an injury to the forehead when the lip of the
-    gondola struck him. Capt Fulgham thought he had fractured his skull but
-    the experimental helmet he was wearing apparently protected him. Capt
-    Kittinger was bleeding from a cut on the face. I was beneath Fulgham
-    and Kittinger and unhurt. Fulgham was loaded into the helicopter and
-    we were taken to the nearest hospital, at Walker AFB, in Roswell. I
-    recall the helicopter pilot called the air traffic control tower at
-    Walker and informed them we were inbound with an injured pilot from
-    a balloon accident. This was quite unusual and I believe the tower
-    personnel might have thought we were a surprise Strategic Air Command
-    inspection team that at the direction of the SAC Commander, Gen. Curtis
-    E. LeMay, sometimes made unannounced visits by helicopter. We landed in
-    front of the tower and were met by an ambulance along with a detail of
-    military police with machine guns. The military police escorted us to
-    the hospital for treatment and to verify our story of the balloon crash.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">While Capt Fulgham and Capt Kittinger were being treated I was asked to
-    explain to the Walker AFB Base Commander what had happened. After Capt
-    Kittinger was treated he called Col Stapp from a phone adjacent to the
-    waiting room were numerous military wives were waiting for pre-natal
-    care. Capt Kittinger, as the project officer, was concerned what effect
-    this accident might have on the future of his program. As we waited for
-    Fulgham, Kittinger paced up and down the hall concerned about Fulgham
-    and getting out of the hospital before Walker AFB officials might
-    complicate matters. I do not recall any male civilians in the hospital,
-    nor do I recall Capt Kittinger being involved in an altercation of any
-    kind. Capt Kittinger did not shout or use obscene language, he was
-    simply interested in getting medical attention for Fulgham and leaving
-    as soon as possible. I do recall that one or two nurses were present. I
-    do not recall a black NCO accompanying Kittinger while we were in the
-    hospital.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">When the medical personnel were finished treating Fulgham, all three
-    of us returned to Holloman AFB by helicopter about noon the same day.
-    The following day I took my FAA exam and was awarded a balloon pilot
-    license. Three days later, on Sunday, Kittinger, Fulgham and I returned
-    to Wright Patterson via a special C-131 flight. Fulgham looked very odd
-    with two black eyes and protruding forehead; his head was so swollen he
-    could not wear his uniform hat for some time. I later worked with Capt
-    Kittinger on the Stargazer project and and occasionally flew aircraft
-    with him.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_173">173</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">During my entire time at the Aero Medical Laboratory I neither saw nor
-    heard anything that would lead me to believe that the Air Force was
-    keeping “aliens” at Wright Patterson. I knew there was a project on
-    UFOs called Bluebook, at the base, but to my knowledge the Aero Medical
-    Laboratory was not involved. Many scientific accomplishments came out
-    of the various laboratories at Wright Patterson but I am unaware of any
-    that might have involved aliens or UFOs.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">This is as I recollect those events.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    SIGNED:<br /><br />William C. Kaufman, LtCol. USAFC (Ret)<br /><br />WITNESS(s):
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_173.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_174">174</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Kittinger">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 24 June 95</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, Joseph W. Kittinger. Jr., Col. USAF (Ret), hereby state that James
-    McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my home
-    and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the following
-    statement. This was done without having been subjected to any coercion,
-    unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I entered the U.S. Air Force in 1949 as an Aviation Cadet. From 1950
-    to 1953 I flew fighters in Europe before being assigned to the Fighter
-    Test Section at Holloman AFB, NM in July, 1953. During my tour as
-    a test pilot I conducted the first zero gravity tests and was the
-    balloon pilot of the first Project Man High high altitude research
-    mission. In 1958 I was assigned to the Escape Section of the Aero
-    Medical laboratory at Wright Patterson AFB, OH. During this tour I was
-    the Project Officer of Project Excelsior and made three high altitude
-    parachute jumps, the highest from 102,800 feet, which today remains a
-    world record. For these jumps I was awarded the Hannon Trophy for 1960
-    by President Eisenhower. Following Excelsior, I was the Project Officer
-    of Stargazer, a project that made astronomical observations from a
-    high altitude balloon. I flew two combat tours in Southeast Asia with
-    the Air Commandos. I later flew a tour in F-4s and was the Squadron
-    Commander of the 555 Tactical Fighter Squadron. I accumulated over
-    1,000 combat flying hours and I am credited with one aerial victory.
-    I spent ten months as a POW in Hanoi. Upon my return I attended Air
-    War College, flew F-4s and retired from the Air Force in 1978. In 1984
-    I became the first person to make a solo crossing of the Atlantic by
-    balloon.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">In 1958 I was made the Project Officer of Excelsior by Col John Paul
-    Stapp, the Aero Medical Laboratory Commander. I supervised and was
-    actively involved in the dropping and recovery of anthropomorphic
-    dummies from high altitude balloons at Holloman AFB, NM for
-    this project. We also dropped dummies, from aircraft only, at
-    Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. The object of the Holloman tests were to
-    study the free fall characteristics of dummies dropped from balloons at
-    altitudes of 50,000 to 100,000 feet. Based on this data we designed a
-    parachute that stabilized the dummies and I later used this parachute
-    on my three high altitude jumps.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">The balloons carrying the dummies were launched from various locations
-    in New Mexico and often impacted off of the White Sands Proving Ground
-    depending on the wind conditions. The dummies were outfitted with
-    clothing and equipment of an Air Force pilot. The facial features of
-    the dummies were not as pronounced as a human. The ears and noses did
-    not protrude. I do not recall any dummies with ears or noses. Some
-    of the dummies were not complete; they sometimes did not have arms
-    or legs. To someone not associated with the project or who viewed
-    the dummies from a distance, they could appear to be human or with
-    some imagination a space “alien.” In fact, I recall one incident at
-    Wright-Patterson where one of our dummies landed near the backyard of
-    Gen. Rawlings, Commander of the Air Research and Development Command.
-    Gen. Rawling’s wife was entertaining officer’s wives that afternoon
-    when one of our dummy’s parachute failed to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_175">175</span> deploy and impacted the
-    ground in full view of the ladies at Gen. Rawling’s home. I acted
-    quickly to retrieve the dummy and went to the impact site and recovered
-    it by throwing it in the back of a pickup truck and quickly driving
-    away. Later that day I received a call from Col Stapp who informed
-    me that some of the women at the party believed that the dummy was a
-    human and they were appalled to see the careless nature in which the
-    obviously dead or injured “parachutist” was hauled away.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">At Holloman AFB recoveries of the dummies were handled by the Balloon
-    Branch but members of my project team, including myself, often
-    assisted. The standard procedure was to track the dummy both from
-    the ground and air to attempt to recover the dummies in a timely
-    manner. On the ground we used an assortment of Air Force vehicles
-    to track and recover not only the dummies but also other scientific
-    balloon payloads. We used trucks, communications vans, converted field
-    ambulances, cranes, and trailers. In the air we used helicopters, C-47s
-    transports, and L-19 and L-20 light observation aircraft. On occasion
-    civilians would observe our recovery operations. We often attracted a
-    crowd due to the odd appearance of the balloon payloads and dummies and
-    also the aircraft that circled overhead or landed on nearby roads. We
-    also used many of the same procedures and equipment to launch from off
-    range locations. During the recoveries weapons were not carried because
-    there was no classified information or equipment. I do not recall any
-    altercations of any kind. At no time did I or any of the personnel
-    makes threats against civilians. We always attempted to maintain good
-    relations with the local civilians and explained the purpose of the
-    project to them if they asked. We were directed to remove as much of
-    the material dropped by the balloon as possible. Sometimes this was
-    difficult because the balloon and pay load would break apart and cover
-    a large area. We collected the debris in these cases by “fanning out”
-    across a field until we had collected even very small portions of the
-    payload and balloon. We were particularly careful to recover the large
-    plastic balloons because cattle would ingest the material and the
-    ranchers would file claims against the government. Additionally, there
-    were reward notices that offered twenty five dollars for the return
-    of the equipment attached to each of the balloons. I wrote a book,
-    <cite>The Long, Lonely Leap</cite> (E. P. Dutton &amp; Co., 1961), that completely
-    describes Project Excelsior and my participation.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Also as a part of the high altitude balloon projects, I trained balloon
-    pilots in May 1959 at the request of Col Stapp. Col Stapp was concerned
-    that I might be injured as a result of the hazardous nature of the
-    projects and he wanted backup pilots to be trained. The backup pilots,
-    Capt Dan Fulgham and Capt Bill Kaufman were volunteers from the Aero
-    Medical Laboratory and they were sent to Holloman from Wright-Patterson
-    for training on a temporary duty basis. On our second training flight,
-    Fulgham, Kaufman and I, flew an overnight mission that was launched
-    at Holloman and ended with a crash northwest of Roswell, NM. We were
-    followed on this mission by an aircraft at night, a helicopter during
-    the day, and a ground crew in trucks at all times.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I recall that just after sunrise the weather had deteriorated and I
-    directed Fulgham to land the balloon in a small field. This was the
-    last suitable field before we would overfly the City of Roswell. I
-    remember approaching the field just over the trees and I recall our
-    forward velocity was about 10–12 knots, a little fast for landing. When
-    we touched down Fulgham cut the balloon away and due to the forward
-    velocity the gondola flipped over spilling all three of us on the
-    ground. While lying on the ground I realized that Fulgham<span class="pagenum" id="Page_176">176</span> was injured
-    and Kaufman and I raised the gondola. Fulgham had been struck in the
-    head by the edge of the gondola and I could see the blood rapidly
-    accumulating under his scalp in the forehead area. We treated him for
-    shock and soon the recovery vehicles and the chase helicopter arrived.
-    I decided to transport Fulgham by helicopter to the hospital at nearby
-    Walker AFB.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">When we arrived at Walker I remember that security was tight, as it was
-    at all Strategic Air Command bases, and we were closely scrutinized by
-    security personnel due to the unusual circumstances and early hour of
-    our arrival. I had two concerns once we arrived at the hospital, first
-    to get treatment for Fulgham and second to leave as soon as possible.
-    After I was assured that Fulgham’s injuries were not serious I wanted
-    to quickly leave the base before the Walker AFB Flying Safety Officer
-    arrived to fill out an accident report. I didn’t want a report filed
-    because an accident investigation would bring unwanted scrutiny to the
-    project. Even though the project was unclassified I did not want any
-    publicity or premature releases of information.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Although Fulgham’s injuries were not serious, his head had swollen
-    considerably—both eyes were black and his face had swollen so much you
-    could barely see his nose. I believe that if someone saw him while
-    we were at Walker they would have been startled. When his treatment
-    was completed we all three returned to Holloman on the helicopter. At
-    Holloman, Fulgham was admitted to the hospital and I made preparations
-    for him to return to his duty station at Wright-Patterson AFB. Due to
-    his grotesque appearance, I did not want Fulgham to fly on a commercial
-    airline. I made arrangements for all of us to fly to Wright-Patterson
-    on a C-131 a few days later. When we arrived at Wright-Patterson, I
-    assisted Fulgham down the steps of the aircraft because his eyes were
-    swollen shut and he could not see. His wife was waiting at the bottom
-    of the steps of the aircraft and she asked me where her husband was. I
-    replied “this is your husband” and she screamed and began to cry.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">While I was at the Walker AFB hospital, I do not recall any contact
-    with a male civilian. I certainly did not call anyone an “SOB” or speak
-    to anyone in a disrespectful manner. I did not make any threats or
-    instruct anyone else to make threats. I recall nurses in the hospital
-    but I am not certain if they participated in the treatment of Capt
-    Fulgham. I was not accompanied by a black NCO at the hospital, but
-    there may have been a black NCO on the balloon recovery team. I recall
-    no body bags in the hospital and I am sure there were no “aliens” at
-    the hospital, just Dan Fulgham with a very odd looking head injury.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I was also involved in the joint Air Force, Navy, and Massachusetts
-    Institute of Technology astronomical observation project, Project
-    Stargazer. The object of this project was to make observations via a
-    stabilized telescope mounted atop of a gondola suspended from a high
-    altitude balloon. I was the USAF project officer and Dr J. Allen Hynek
-    was the scientific advisor. I worked very closely with Dr Hynek over
-    a period of five years from 1958 to 1963. Dr Hynek would typically
-    spend a half day working on Stargazer and then the rest of the day
-    participating as one of the consultants on the UFO study, Project
-    Bluebook, that was also conducted at Wright-Patterson AFB. Dr Hynek,
-    as the scientific advisor to Stargazer, was very familiar with the
-    techniques and capabilities of the Air Force<span class="pagenum" id="Page_177">177</span> high altitude balloon
-    program. Dr Hynek once approached me and we discussed at length, the
-    possibility that Air Force high altitude balloons were responsible
-    for many UFO sightings. We ended the conversation in agreement that
-    the balloons probably accounted for many of the UFO sightings. In
-    other conversations Dr Hynek always gave me the impression that there
-    were very few UFO sightings that could not be explained by good
-    scientific investigation. At no time did Dr Hynek mention or discuss
-    the alleged “Roswell Incident”. I was therefore “flabbergasted” when
-    Dr Hynek appeared to believe that some of these sightings were of an
-    extraterrestrial origin.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Joseph W. Kittinger, Jr., Col, USAF (Ret)<br /><br />WITNESS(s):
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Sworn to and subscribed before me,<br />
-      an individual authorized to administer<br />
-      oaths, on this 24 day of June 1995<br />
-      at<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_177.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_178">178</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Lutz">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 31 May 95</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt, USAF, (Ret), hereby state that James McAndrew
-    was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my home and
-    do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make the following
-    statement. This was done without having been subjected to any coercion,
-    unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1947 and transferred to the U.S. Air
-    Force in 1958. In June, 1958 I was assigned to the flight surgeon’s
-    office at Holloman AFB, NM as an Aero Medical Technician. I served
-    several tours in Southeast Asia and retired from the Air Force in 1974
-    as an Aero Medical Superintendent.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">On May 20–21, 1959 I was assigned to provide medical coverage for a
-    balloon training mission that took off from Holloman AFB and ended with
-    a crash near Roswell, NM. Capt Joe Kittinger was training two other
-    pilots, Capt Fulgham and Capt Kaufman. I followed the balloon in an
-    ambulance during the night and at daybreak I followed the balloon in an
-    H-21 helicopter. Just after daybreak I saw the balloon crash and the
-    three pilots were dumped form the gondola. I immediately informed the
-    helicopter pilot and we landed in a field on which cattle were grazing.
-    I recall the rancher was upset because the helicopter was frightening
-    his cattle and some cattle had gotten out of the field.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I assesed the injuries to the pilots and recommended they be taken
-    immediately to the closest hospital which was at Walker AFB,
-    apprximately 5 to 10 minutes away by helicopter. Capt Fulgham’s head
-    was swelling due to a hemotoma he received when the gondola struck him.
-    Capt Kittinger was cut on the face and was bleeding. Capt Kaufman was
-    uninjured. At Walker I remember a telephone conversation with a flight
-    surgeon who told me to “go home and sleep it off”. He apparently did
-    not believe my story of three Air Force pilots that were victims of a
-    balloon crash. However, I was able to convince him and he treated Capt
-    Fulgham and Capt Kittinger. While at the hospital Capt Fulgham’s head
-    had swelled enormously and his eyes were beginning to turn black.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I do not recall that anything unusual occurred at the hospital at
-    Walker. I remember the three pilots sitting on a bench in the hallway
-    waiting to be treated. I do not remember that Capt Kittinger was
-    involved in an altercation with anyone while at the hospital, if
-    he had, I would have known about it. Capt Kittinger was concerned
-    with getting medical treatment for his injured crew member, Capt
-    Fulgham, and returning to Holloman. I also do not recall a black NCO
-    accompanying Capt Kittinger while we were at the hospital. I do not
-    remember a nurse assisting in the treatment of Capt Fulgham or Capt
-    Kittinger. I also do not remember a male civilian or any personnel or
-    vehicles from a mortuary, and I do not recall any remains in body bags
-    in the hospital.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_179">179</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I was present the entire time when the events described here took
-    place. I am certain that this event had nothing to do with “space
-    aliens” or any other irregular activity that would require a cover up.
-    It was a balloon crash and nothing else.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Roland H. Lutz, CMSgt, USAF, (Ret)<br /><br />WITNESS(s):<br /><br />
-      Harry C. Aderholt, Brig. Gen., USAF (Ret)</div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Subscribed and sworn before me, an<br />
-      individual authorized to administer<br />
-      oaths this 31st day of May 1995<br />
-      at<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_179.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_180">180</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Madson">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 20 June 95</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place:</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I, Raymond A. Madson, Lt Col, USAF (Ret), hereby state that James
-    McAndrew was identified as a Lieutenant, USAFR on this date at my place
-    of employment and do hereby, voluntarily and of my own free will, make
-    the following statement. This was done without having been subjected to
-    any coercion, unlawful influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I was born, raised, and presently reside in New Mexico. I graduated
-    from New Mexico A&amp;M College in 1954. I entered the Air Force in 1955
-    and was assigned a short time later to the Aero Medical Laboratory at
-    Wright Patterson AFB, OH. At the Aero Medical Laboratory I was assigned
-    to the Escape Section as a project officer and test parachutist. During
-    this time I also had extensive participation in various aspects of the
-    space program and worked on the highly classified U-2 project. I served
-    a tour of duty in Alaska and at the School of Aerospace Medicine at
-    Brooks AFB, TX, before being reassigned to the Aero Medical Laboratory
-    at Wright Patterson. I retired in from the Air Force in 1979 and I am
-    currently and Environmental Specialist for the State of New Mexico.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">The first project that I was assigned at Wright Patterson was Project
-    7218, later changed to Project 7222. This project was first known by
-    the name High Dive and then was known as Excelsior. The object of this
-    project was to study the free fall characteristics of anthropomorphic
-    dummies from balloons at altitudes of 50,000 to 100,000 feet. Following
-    satisfactory dummy drops, Capt Joe Kittinger made a series of high
-    altitude parachute jumps that culminated with a jump from 102,800 feet.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I assumed the duties of Project Officer for the dummy drops in the
-    spring of 1956. I made numerous trips to Holloman AFB, NM, the site of
-    the drops, from 1956 until the end of the project in 1959 (dummies were
-    also dropped for this project at Wright Patterson AFB by personnel from
-    the Parachute Branch). I wrote two technical reports that described the
-    project in considerable detail. The type of anthropomorphic dummy used
-    primarily was manufactured by Alderson Laboratories but we also used
-    Sierra Manufacturing type dummies. Both of these dummies are shown in
-    the technical reports. The Alderson dummy had facial features that were
-    not life-like and ears that were not well defined. The dummies were
-    outfitted with flight suits of various colors, fuchsia, olive drab, and
-    sage green (a shade of gray). We chose the Alderson dummy because it
-    was relatively inexpensive as compared to the Sierra dummy.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">We encountered considerable difficulty dropping the dummies from the
-    balloons. I designed the rack that suspended the dummies, two at a
-    time, from the balloon. On numerous occasions the dummies were fouled
-    during the release sequence and the dummy rode a “streamer” all the
-    way to the ground. Other times malfunctions occurred that caused the
-    two dummies and the entire rack assembly to descend to the ground as
-    one package. Both of these instances are described in the technical
-    reports.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_181">181</span></p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I participated in at least two dummy recoveries. The meteorologist
-    from the Balloon Branch, Duke Gildenberg, would determine the best
-    place to launch the balloons depending on the prevailing weather
-    conditions. Duke also predicted, with considerable accuracy, where the
-    dummies would impact. I specifically recall a dummy I recovered near
-    the Jornada test range, between Leasburg and Organ, NM. During this
-    recovery I drove a weapons carrier and I was only able to locate one
-    of the dummies. I never found out what happened to the other one. The
-    next recovery I remember was on a ranch just southwest of Roswell. We
-    were given directions to the area by the balloon branch personnel who
-    had been contacted by a rancher. The equipment had reward notices taped
-    to them to aid in recovery. We went to the Smith ranch. I remember the
-    name because I went to New Mexico A&amp;M with the rancher. I knew him as
-    Smitty. We searched that day from horseback and could not find the
-    dummies. The following day we resumed our search from horseback and
-    again could not find the dummies. I also recall that Smitty asked us
-    for some of the parachute material so he could make a shirt. We dropped
-    many dummies from the balloons and I know many were not immediately
-    recovered, but most were.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I served for twenty five years in the Air Force and most of those years
-    were in the aero medical field. I participated in the space program and
-    the highly classified early stages of U-2 program. Never during this
-    time were “aliens” or “flying saucers” a part of any project. There
-    were, however, countless achievements by the Air Force in aerospace
-    medicine that were the result of dedicated scientific research. It
-    seems likely to me that someone could have mistaken our anthropomorphic
-    dummies for something that they were not.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of any conspiracy to withhold or provide misleading
-    information to the United States Government or the American public.
-    There is no classified information that I am withholding related to
-    this inquiry and I have never been threatened by U.S. Government
-    persons concerning refraining from talking about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Raymond A. Madson, Lt Col, USAF (Ret)<br /><br />WITNESS(s):
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Sworn to and subscribed before me,<br />
-      an individual authorized to administer<br />
-      oaths, on this 20 day of June 1995<br />
-      at<br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, 1st Lt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_181.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_182">182</span></p>
-
-  <div class="center mt5 mb2" id="Nordstrom">STATEMENT OF WITNESS</div>
-
-  <div class="fright">Date: 25 April 1996</div>
-  <div class="mb5">Place: Aztec, NM</div>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I Frank B. Nordstrom, M. D., hereby state that James McAndrew, was
-    identified as a Captain, USAFR on this date at my home and do hereby,
-    voluntarily and of my own free will, make the following statement.
-    This was done without having been subjected to any coercion, unlawful
-    influence or unlawful inducement.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I was on active duty in the US Air Force and stationed at Walker AFB,
-    Roswell, NM from July 1951 until June 1953. During that time I was a
-    pediatrician assigned to the base hospital. Following my tour of duty
-    with the Air Force I attended the University of Colorado as a resident
-    in pediatrics. In July 1954 I relocated to Farmington, NM and began a
-    private pediatric practice. I retired from private practice in 1987 and
-    became the Medical Director of the San Juan Regional Medical Center,
-    which is also located in Farmington, NM. In 1989 I retired from that
-    position and presently reside in Aztec, NM.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I have been shown two transcripts of interviews where an individual
-    named Glenn Dennis described conversations and visits he claims he had
-    with a pediatrician in the late 1940s or early 1950s in Farmington,
-    NM. According to these interviews, Mr Dennis also claims that
-    this pediatrician had previously served at the hospital at Walker
-    AFB/Roswell AAF. Since I am the only physician in Farmington, NM who
-    previously served at the Walker AFB/Roswell AAF hospital, I believe I
-    am the person he is referring to in these interviews. I am confident
-    of this because I know I was the first pediatrician to practice in
-    Farmington, which when I arrived in 1954, was a small community of
-    approximately 8,000 people. I remained the sole pediatrician there for
-    approximately 20 years and I know most, if not all, of the physicians
-    in the area.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">Even though I believe I am the person Mr Dennis referred to in the
-    interviews, I do not remember him. I can state with reasonable
-    certainty that I cannot recall any conversations with him, and he,
-    to my knowledge, never visited me in Farmington, NM, in Colorado, or
-    anyplace else. I have been told, however, that a person named Glenn
-    Dennis operated a drugstore in the late 1950s-early 1960s, just outside
-    Farmington, in Aztec, NM. But I do not recall any contact with him
-    there either.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">While I was stationed at Walker AFB, I do not recall any incidents that
-    may explain the information Mr Dennis provided in the interviews. To
-    my knowledge there was only one fatal aircraft accident during my tour
-    of duty and that accident involved a Walker AFB based aircraft in the
-    United Kingdom. I was not involved in any aspect of that accident. I
-    also do not recall any other incidents such as automobile accidents
-    or house fires that may be the source of this information. Nor do I
-    recall a nurse named Lt Naiomi Selff or a nurse named Capt “Slats”
-    Wilson. While at Walker AFB I did not witness or hear rumors of
-    anything that involved flying saucers, aliens, or anything else of an
-    extraterrestrial nature.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent3">I am not part of a conspiracy to withhold information from either
-    the US government or the American public, there is no classified
-    information that I am withholding related to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_183">183</span> this inquiry and I have
-    not been threatened by US government persons concerning not talking
-    about this matter.</p>
-
-  <div class="mt5">
-    <div class="col50">
-      SIGNED:<br /><br />Frank B. Nordstrom, M.D.<br /><br />WITNESS:
-    </div>
-    <div class="col50">
-      Subscribed and sworn before, a<br />
-      person authorized to administer oaths<br />
-      this<br />25th day of April 1996 at Aztec, NM<br />
-      <br /><br />
-      James McAndrew, Capt, USAFR
-    </div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="figcenter ball">
-    <img class="illow100" src="images/s_183.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_185">185</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Appendix_C">Appendix C</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_187">187</span></p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mb5" id="Anderson_interview">Transcript of Interview with<br />
-    Gerald Anderson*<br />
-    Alleged firsthand witness to<br />
-    “Crash Site” Two<br />
-    (allegedly 175 miles northwest of Roswell)
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Excerpted from raw footage used to prepare the video,
-    <cite>Recollections of Roswell Part II</cite>, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO
-    Research, 1993).</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>A: We drove down to the Plains of San Agustin which is west of Socorro,
-    New Mexico in the Magdalena, Datil, area. We were down there looking
-    for banded and moss agate, which according to my uncle Ted and my
-    cousin Victor was prevalent in the area. My brother being an amateur
-    rock hound had wanted to get some of this. That was a way of showing us
-    around the area. They had relatives down in Magdalena that they wanted
-    to introduce us to.</p>
-
-  <p>So we had gone down there and we got down in the Horse Springs area and
-    had driven off onto the plains down an old rutted road for, oh, a mile
-    or so and it seemed like a long ways. We parked the car, got out of the
-    car and walked down a hillside.</p>
-
-  <p>There’s a semi-forest, I guess you could say. It had pinon trees and
-    scrub oak and stuff like that on it and we walked—well, not scrub oak,
-    but cedar—and walked down the hillside into an arroyo, a dry wash, and
-    then walked south down a dry wash toward where the agates were supposed
-    to be at.</p>
-
-  <p>As we came around a bend in the arroyo that had pinon and cedar
-    trees growing, we were able to see farther ahead down the arroyo and
-    on the next ridge line there was a large silver disc shaped object
-    was embedded in this side of the ridge line ... there was debris
-    and wreckage strewn about the area mainly this thing was intact. I
-    would estimate its size from an adult perspective to something like
-    35 feet in diameter. I’ve heard other people who were there say they
-    thought it was like 50 feet. But as an adult, I would say about 35
-    feet in diameter, quite large. When we got up to it there were four
-    bodies there ... not human, there was two of them that were obviously
-    dead, one of them was obviously very badly injured, and one of them
-    apparently suffered no ill effects ... or it didn’t appear to be
-    injured and was ambulatory, was mobile. It was just setting there next
-    to the one...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Were they right next to the vehicle?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Right next to it. Right under the edge of it. And this craft had
-    apparently come in from the east and bounced off one ridge line,
-    plowing through this arroyo area and then crashed into the ridge line
-    and embedded itself. They were sitting back under the edge, it was kind
-    of tilted up like this and they were sitting back under the edge here.
-    And I’m assuming that this one creature that was all right had laid
-    this material on the ground but it looked like unrolled tinfoil that
-    these other three creatures were laying on. <span class="pagenum" id="Page_188">188</span> Like it was trying—like
-    you do a person in shock, you know, a put him on a blanket, that kind
-    of thing. And apparently it had some boxes there around it and had
-    apparently been trying to give first aid or help these other creatures
-    when we first got there.</p>
-
-  <p>As we approached, the creature drew back like this, like it was in
-    fear, like we were going to hurt it. And it wasn’t very long, you know,
-    we were trying to communicate with it, the adults were. It seemed
-    to calm down and just sat there and kind of looked back and forth,
-    watching them, apparently trying to figure out what was going on...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: What did it look like, a little bit more.</p>
-
-  <p>A: These creatures, all of them, were, oh, about four foot tall, four
-    and a half feet tall. They had very large heads that were shaped larger
-    on the top and they kind of tapered down, not to a real sharp point
-    but just tapered down where they were thin. And they had very large,
-    very large, oval shaped or almond shaped, I guess you could say, black
-    eyes. The head... They were so shiny, they had almost a bluish tint to
-    them when the light reflected off of them. Their skin coloration, the
-    best way that I could describe that is it was kind of a bluish tinted
-    milky-white. It looked like someone in shock. And the ones that were
-    laying on the ground were really—really looked more that way, more blue
-    in the light, you know...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How about ears, nose, mouth?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, there were no visible ears on the creatures except like—if you
-    was just to cover your ear like this to where there was just a rise
-    there and then a hole without, you know, your ear lobe and the rest of
-    the area...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How about nose?</p>
-
-  <p>A: It was—the nose was very, very small, almost imperceptible. It’s
-    like two holes, straight in; and the lips were just a straight line. It
-    was like a cut and you couldn’t see, just the lips like we have, it was
-    just a slit. And...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: What hair color? Sound?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Pardon?</p>
-
-  <p>Q: What hair color?</p>
-
-  <p>A: There was no hair. They were completely bald.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: And no sounds?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I never heard a sound one, not out of any of the creatures including
-    the one that was...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did you see fingers?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, they had fingers like this. They didn’t have a little finger.
-    They just had the thumb and three extra digits except the center digit
-    was longer and the other two were about the same size. They were very
-    long and slender and looked very delicate and I made the statement
-    before and I’ll<span class="pagenum" id="Page_189">189</span> make it again, I think he would have made an excellent
-    violinist because of the structure of their hands.</p>
-
-  <p>They were wearing one piece suits. All of them were dressed exactly the
-    same. It was sort of a real shiny silverish gray color.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: No zippers, buttons?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, I saw no zippers, no buttons.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Insignias?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, no insignias. The only thing that was different, you know, and
-    they all had this, but the only that was different from the silvery
-    gray thing, the suit, was that down like a seam line, like there was
-    a seam on his shoulder and around the collar it was trimmed in what
-    appeared to be maroon, like cording.</p>
-
-  <p>Then the suits were continuous with their footwear. We could see right
-    this area down, it seemed to be less pliable then it was up here, like
-    this was a stiffer area, like they were boots or shoes or something.
-    But they were all dressed exactly the same.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Okay. So you and your family are talking back and forth, wondering
-    what was going on, what did your family say? I mean...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: ...did they say anything?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, my brother, one of his first remarks I heard him say him say,
-    “That’s a god damn spaceship.” You know there were bodies up there and,
-    you know, I was told not to go up there, which I didn’t. And...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How old was your brother at the time?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He was in his early twenties, I think, 20, 21, something like that.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: He was a lot older than you were?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh, yes, considerably.</p>
-
-  <p>When we got up there I kind of meandered off to one side. This thing
-    was cocked up and I was standing here, the bodies were here, and
-    everybody else was kind of down here except my cousin Victor was over
-    here playing and looking in this gaping hole on the side of this disk.
-    And it was shaped just like a discus except for a round dome was up on
-    top and there was this big gaping gash in there. We could see inside
-    and it looked like a double hull.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How big—explain it? The gash.</p>
-
-  <p>A: The dome?</p>
-
-  <p>Q: No, the gash.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well, it covered the greater majority from the center of the craft
-    out. It was just like a gaping hole in there. I mean I’m thinking, you
-    know, it’s like about 32, 35 feet in diameter so we’re talking about 17
-    feet<span class="pagenum" id="Page_190">190</span> maybe. Most of that one side was ripped open like that. You could
-    see inside and you could see another double hull, like—in there. And
-    there were just rows of components that was on there.</p>
-
-  <p>And there were lights that flashed on and off. Some of them were steady
-    and some were flashing. There was a lot of debris and stuff hanging out
-    of the hole. There was evidence that there apparently had been fire. It
-    looked like it had been burned along the edge there. The gash...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Now this wasn’t a gash that could have been caused by the thing
-    coming in for the ground? It wasn’t at the leading edge of the vehicle?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, no. This was in the side like—it almost appeared it was
-    elliptical. It almost appeared as if something the same shape as the
-    disk we were looking at had hit that same—you know, like it hit the
-    disk and left an imprint that pretty closely approximated the outside
-    diameter of the disk itself. And it appeared to be caved in looking,
-    kind of like it hit them like this and it just crumpled and caved in
-    and ripped it open.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Okay, so you’re there, you take all this in, everybody is mystified.
-    What were the circumstances outside? Hot, cold?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Very, very hot. Incredible to me, being the first time in New Mexico
-    and coming from back east. I had dry heaves. It was like the inside of
-    an oven. It was unbelievable to me. You know, the odd part about this
-    was that the closer you got to it, the cooler it was. And standing
-    under it in the shade there next to these creatures’ bodies, it was
-    like refrigerated air conditioning. And...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did you feel air coming out of this thing?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, it was just like it was (inaudible).</p>
-
-  <p>And I remember reaching up and putting my hand on the side of it but I
-    think I was afraid I was going to hit my head because there was enough
-    room for me as small child, you know, I was approximately the same size
-    as these creatures, to walk up under there and stand there but I kind
-    of did like that, put my hand up against this thing.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: What did it feel like?</p>
-
-  <p>A: It was ice cold. It felt like it just came out of a freezer.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Was it smooth? Was it rough?</p>
-
-  <p>A: It was very smooth. It had a very smooth texture to it. It was
-    obviously made out of metal. It was very solid and it was very cold,
-    ice cold.</p>
-
-  <p>And there was a smell in the area. It smelled volatile, acrid, like
-    acetone. And that seemed to be coming out of that gash, that smell. But
-    the closer you got to this thing, the cooler it was so, you know, I
-    kind of remained there.</p>
-
-  <p>And I guess that while they were over here, my father and my uncle Ted
-    and my brother. Uncle Ted was trying to talk to this thing in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_191">191</span> Spanish
-    and of course it didn’t understand a word he said. And dad tried to
-    talk to it and then they tried, you know, sign language and that didn’t
-    work.</p>
-
-  <p>And I don’t know, for some reason, I just—I reached down and touched
-    it, this one that was laying next to me. When I touched it I realized
-    and I jumped back. It scared me. It startled me because I suddenly
-    realized that these weren’t dolls. I thought they were plastic dolls.
-    And I—you know, it was still in my mind that these were dolls until I
-    touched it and then I realized, you know, this was a dead thing.</p>
-
-  <p>I’d seen dead relatives before and unfortunately made a mistake one
-    time in touching a relative that was in a casket and I just knew this
-    was a dead thing and it scared me, and I ran around behind my father
-    and my uncle and this thing was sitting there on the ground and it kept
-    looking back and forth. And it just had its hands like this in its lap,
-    and just kept looking back and forth between the three of them and—like
-    it was trying to understand.</p>
-
-  <p>And all of a sudden it just turned and looked right straight at me
-    between my uncle Ted and myself. And this is when—it was just like an
-    explosion of things in my head, things... I started, you know, feeling,
-    just terrible depression and loneliness and fear and just, you know,
-    awful, awful feelings that just suddenly burst in to my mind there. I
-    don’t know if that meant that it was communicating with me and I was
-    the only one there that it could communicate with because I was a kid.
-    I don’t know.</p>
-
-  <p>I turned and ran and I ran across the arroyo and up on the area that it
-    had bounced off of during the crash. I was just standing there looking
-    down at this scene, you know, at my family, and off in the distance I
-    could see cattle grazing. I could see a windmill and could see dust
-    trails out on the plains out there.</p>
-
-  <p>And, oh, I was there for a while and then I came back down. I guess we
-    were there—Victor was, when I got back down there Victor was up in the
-    craft and Ted yelled at him to get out of there and Glen went over and
-    grabbed him by the belt and jerked him around...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: That’s your brother?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes.</p>
-
-  <p>And jerked him off, says, “Get out because this thing may explode and
-    kill us all,” you know, and then of course he went prowling around in
-    there.</p>
-
-  <p>I was kind of standing off to one side looking. That’s why I knew that
-    there was—I can look off these rocks that I was standing on and look
-    right into this thing. That’s why I knew, you know, about the lights
-    and the components and stuff.</p>
-
-  <p>And then I heard other people talking. I turned and there was a group
-    of people coming up the arroyo from out on the plains from the south.
-    They had come up there and of course they walked up and was talking.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How many?</p>
-
-  <p>A: There was an older man and five younger students.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_192">192</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: Boys, girls?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Three boys and two girls. And they were all, you know, introducing,
-    talking to my father and my uncle and my brother...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: What did the older one look like?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He was a very tall man, a very big man. He was wearing a pith helmet
-    when he first came up, one of those kind of explorer helmets. And he
-    was bald and I know that because he had taken it off and he had, you
-    know, wiped it with a handkerchief and put it back on. He was a balding
-    man. And he had a round face. He was very ruddy complected. A big man,
-    and he apparently was a doctor because they kept calling him doctor and
-    it was my understanding that it was an archeological group that was out
-    there on some kind of summer thing. And they talked and he apparently
-    was able to speak several foreign languages and he tried to talk to
-    this creature several times in different languages, again to no avail.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How did they happen to be there? Had he seen the thing...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well, they claim that they saw—they said they saw this thing come
-    down the night before in flight, you know, and they thought it was a
-    meteorite and they had talked about well, early in the morning, you
-    know, we’ll go over and see this, where this meteor came down, because
-    that’s what they thought it was.</p>
-
-  <p>And when the sun came up the next morning, you know, and they got
-    about their business, got up and somebody looked over and said, you
-    know, they saw this shiny metal and stuff across the plains there and
-    they realized it wasn’t a meteorite, it may have been an airplane that
-    had crashed so they all decided to go over there and see if there was
-    anybody left alive, you know, that was hurt that needed help.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: They had driven over?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, they walked over apparently, the way I understand it. And it’s
-    quite a ways across that plain so it had to take a very long time
-    to do this or they may have had a vehicle, I don’t know. That’s an
-    assumption, I think, on my part, where they walked.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Okay. So they’re around...</p>
-
-  <p>A: But they came across...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: ...with the family...</p>
-
-  <p>A: ...the plains. I don’t know why I said that. I’m not sure if they
-    drove or not. I didn’t hear any cars.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: And then somebody else shows up?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, they were down just, oh, 15 maybe 20 minutes tops, you know.
-    And they were picking up things, some of the students. And this Dr.
-    Buskirk, that they called him, this one girl went up and said, “Look,
-    doctor,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_193">193</span> wouldn’t this make a beautiful ring?” And she was holding what
-    looked like a red rod, a red tube that was some kind of silvery-red.</p>
-
-  <p>And he kind of snapped at her, you know, “Put that down because you
-    don’t know what that thing is. That thing could hurt you. Don’t pick
-    this stuff up.”</p>
-
-  <p>And she kind of said, “Well, yes, okay, doctor.” And then he went back
-    to what he was doing and she walked away and put it in her pocket.</p>
-
-  <p>And a lot of them were doing this, sort of picking up things and
-    feeling things. I was picking up things and feeling things. It was all
-    kinds of material and metal, stuff like that. I heard it, well, we all
-    heard it, the sound of a motor coming, like a truck. And I went back up
-    the incline area to the ridge line and I could see out there, there was
-    a truck coming up. It was an old pick-up truck. It was sort of a beige
-    color, a tan colored van with an antenna on it. And it stopped and this
-    guy got out and he’s wearing brown clothes. He’s got boots on and he’s
-    wearing a straw hat, just like the kind that Harry Truman always wore,
-    and he had wire rimmed glasses. He was a big man and he looked exactly
-    like Harry Truman to me. You know, I’d seen him in the Movietone News...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: He was president then.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, I was well aware who Harry Truman was. Everybody was. He was
-    kind of a hero, you know, and he just kind of looked like him except
-    bigger, bigger. You know, I don’t think he—and he didn’t look as old
-    either. His hair was kind of light gray.</p>
-
-  <p>And he walked over there and they got to talking, you know, with
-    everybody and he told them that he worked out on the plains out there
-    and that he made maps and that he had seen the wreckage from out there
-    on the plains and he saw the people and he thought it was a plane wreck
-    and, you know, that something was going on and he came over to see.</p>
-
-  <p>And he hadn’t been there but just a very, very few minutes when we
-    heard all kinds of motors and engines straining and stuff. And here
-    comes a military car with a big white star on the side of it followed
-    by a six-by which is a military truck with a kind of canvas wagon, kind
-    of a canvas thing over it and it’s full of soldiers. They’ve got guns.
-    And right behind them is what we call a four-by which is like a medium
-    sized jeep/truck situation and it had two big high whip antennas, all
-    kinds of radio gear in the back and a guy back there with ear phones
-    and stuff on and he’s, you know, working these radios. And they all
-    pulled up and stopped.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Which direction did they come from, do you know?</p>
-
-  <p>A: They came from the north, from the Horse Springs area, right...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So they could have come off the highway there...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh, yes. I’m sure that’s exactly how they got there. They come off
-    the highway, the same way we did. Well, in the meantime, when they
-    stopped, this black soldier, this sergeant, the reason I know he was
-    a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_194">194</span> sergeant, my brother told me he was, and he got out of this car and
-    then a guy got out on the other side and he was a, Glen said he was a
-    captain, he told me later he was a captain and this guy had orange and
-    red hair. So all the soldiers and them came running over there pointing
-    guns at people, telling them, “Get away, get away, get away,” you know?
-    And when this creature saw these people, the military, he went nuts. He
-    went into an absolute panic, worse than what he did when he saw us.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did he move around or just his eyes or...</p>
-
-  <p>A: He just, he just...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Oh, okay.</p>
-
-  <p>A: ...went crazy. And it was like...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Like he was scared?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, like he was looking for a place to run and hide.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: But he never got up?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He never got up. He never left the beings that were next to him.</p>
-
-  <p>And this red headed officer, this guy was a real butt hole. He made all
-    the threats. He threatened to have people shot.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Everybody?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He went, “Get away, get away,” you know, “We’ll shoot. Get away
-    from there. This is a military secret.” You know, just screaming and
-    hollering. He told my uncle and my father that if they didn’t want to
-    spend the rest of their life in prison they would never say anything
-    about what they saw there, if they ever wanted to see us kids again,
-    they’d take the kids away. They’d never see the kids, you know, meaning
-    me and Victor. That we’d better keep our mouths shut because if we did
-    not, this is what was going to happen. They were threatening people and
-    pushing people...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The students as well and Dr. Buskirk?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh, yes. They were hustling everybody. And one of the soldiers
-    pushed my uncle. He had a rifle like this and he shoved him back like
-    that. Well, that was something you didn’t do to my uncle Ted. Ted had
-    a violent temper. And he grabbed the rifle and reached over top and
-    smacked this guy and dropped him right there. And Ted would go out and
-    fight, heck, this guy’s a cowboy. He’ll hit you in a minute.</p>
-
-  <p>And of course when he did that there was bolts opened and I guess
-    cocking, they were cocking their rifles. They were pointing guns at
-    people and everybody Buskirk and Glen and dad grabbed him, you know,
-    pulled him back and got him away. “No, don’t, Ted, they’re going to
-    shoot. Don’t do that.” You know, trying to stop this. And I think we
-    came very close to having someone shot.</p>
-
-  <p>Then they really started threatening, you know, and they...</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_195">195</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did the redhead do all the talking, pretty much?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Pretty much. Except once in a while the sergeant would, you know,
-    chime in and make statements like that to other people in response to
-    the redhead. But mainly it was the redhead...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Was there a name tag?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, sir, there was. His name was Armstrong. And I’m not sure if I
-    know that from having read it or know that from remembering it and now
-    being able to read it in my memory, or if someone said that to me. But
-    his name was Armstrong, it was right here on his uniform.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: But he chased you guys away pretty quick?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, yes, he did.</p>
-
-  <p>And they herded us up like cattle and we were just up the arroyo, back
-    in the direction we came from, over the protest of this Dr. Buskirk who
-    said, “No, no, we’ve got to go the other way. We came from over there.”</p>
-
-  <p>“I don’t care where you came from, get your ass up the arroyo.”</p>
-
-  <p>And they ran us up the arroyo and...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So you get to your car again?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh, right.</p>
-
-  <p>Now they took us up the arroyo and just over the hill we came down,
-    they broke us off and moved us up the hill.</p>
-
-  <p>Now this whole time, no one has ever frisked us down, no one has ever
-    checked our pockets to see if we picked up any of this material and
-    this girl, Agnes, still had that stuff in her pocket and some of the
-    other students had stuff. To my knowledge, up to that point, they had
-    not been searched. Whether they did so afterward, I don’t know. They
-    never searched us, ever. They ran us back up the hill and when we got
-    to where the car was parked, where dad had parked the car up there,
-    there’s a jeep with a guy sitting in the back and there is a mounted
-    machine gun in the back of this jeep and all of these soldiers.</p>
-
-  <p>The jeep pulls out, we’re told to get in the car, we follow the jeep,
-    and the soldiers go with us all the way back out to the highway. When
-    we get back out to the highway, they set us right there. They wouldn’t
-    let us out of the car. They wouldn’t let us move forward. I don’t know
-    whether they were making a decision or what.</p>
-
-  <p>When we got out to the highway, this place was absolutely full of
-    military personnel, military equipment. There was airplanes sitting out
-    there that they had landed on the highway.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did you see any airplanes when you were back at the site?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, there was airplanes in the sky but nobody thought much about.
-    You know, I didn’t think anything about it. I was used to airplanes
-    being in the sky, having been raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, the home
-    of the Norden bombsight, you know, the sky was always full of military
-    aircraft at night.</p>
-
-  <p>And when we get back on to the highway, there’s observation aircraft,
-    you know, high winged aircraft, and there’s one, of what I know now<span class="pagenum" id="Page_196">196</span> to
-    be a C-47 setting there. And how we didn’t hear that land is beyond me
-    and how he landed—well, of course, I guess you could land it if you’re
-    a good pilot out there as there were no poles or anything.</p>
-
-  <p>And it was—they had torn the fence down on the north side of the highway
-    and all this equipment was setting back up there. The plane was up
-    there and they were taking stuff out of the plane. There was military
-    ambulances and there were trucks with—like wreckers, cranes on them.
-    And there was tankers, like maybe had fuel or water in them. There was
-    just—everywhere you looked there was military.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: A major recovery operation?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes, it looked like an invasion force. It really did.</p>
-
-  <p>And they were all wearing these light khaki uniforms. They didn’t look
-    like, you know, olive drabs. They were light khaki and they all had the
-    same patch over their—that kind of blue funny patch with the circles on
-    it, was on his shoulder.</p>
-
-  <p>And a lot...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Do you have a clue as to where they came from? Did your brother or
-    your uncle?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No. I don’t know where they came from. No, I don’t think anybody
-    ever ascertained that.</p>
-
-  <p>There were a lot of MP patches and some of them were wearing
-    nightsticks off of these webbed utility belts. They had night sticks
-    and they had .45’s in holsters, you know, the automatics, full
-    holsters. And these were the people that were giving most of the orders.</p>
-
-  <p>They had the road barricaded off out there and we sat there for a very
-    long time and, you know, we were getting thirsty and everything and we
-    asked if we could go back to Horse Springs to get some water.</p>
-
-  <p>“Oh, no, no. You can’t through there.”</p>
-
-  <p>And right after that, they said, “Now you just turn around and you head
-    out of here now and you go to Socorro,” and this is the redhead again,
-    “Keep your mouths shut. Just keep going and don’t look back.”</p>
-
-  <p>Well, as we drove away, you know, dad, “The hell with it, we’ll go to
-    Magdalena. We’ll get water in Magdalena.” You know, because that’s
-    where John Trujillo lived, a relative of Ted’s.</p>
-
-  <p>And so as we drove away, I was looking out the back window and I could
-    see Dr. Buskirk and these kids and that guy, the guy in the pick-up was
-    standing there and this Dr. Buskirk was doing just like this in this
-    redheaded officer’s face and he kept pointing back behind him and I
-    guess that meant, you know, we’ve got to go back that way and he was
-    fed up with this guy or something and he was shaking his finger in his
-    face when they were yelling at each other and that’s pretty much the
-    last I saw of the whole situation. I don’t know what happened after
-    that because we just kept going.</p>
-
-  <div class="center">(END)</div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_197">197</span></p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5 mb5">Transcript of Interview with<br />
-    W. Glenn Dennis*<br />
-    (Alleged firsthand witness to<br />
-    events at the Roswell AAF hospital)</div>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* W. Glenn Dennis, interview with Karl T. Pflock, November 2, 1992.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>Q: You started getting calls from the base mortuary officer is that
-    right, some time in the afternoon on some day in July [1947].</p>
-
-  <p>A: Right after noon, yeah.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Do you recall, was that before the story appeared in the [Roswell
-    Daily] Record?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I don’t know. I’m sure it was. I can’t honestly say, but I don’t
-    think the paper came out until the next day, I don’t think. I’m just
-    assuming that.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I understand. When things like that happen to me way after the fact
-    I try to remember, and I wasn’t sure if you had any recollection or
-    not. It was the base mortuary officer who called you, not any of the
-    MDs out there.</p>
-
-  <p>A: No.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: He was just, the mortuary officer was just the guy...</p>
-
-  <p>A: We used to have a standing joke. What did you do that was so bad
-    they made you the mortuary officer.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Exactly.</p>
-
-  <p>A: He wasn’t a doctor or anything, but he was an officer and he was
-    probably some old boy they was trying to figure out something to do
-    with.</p>
-
-  <p>We used to all have them come in, even the officer himself, say, “God,
-    I didn’t know I screwed up that bad.”</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Was this a guy you’d worked with before? Somebody you knew real well?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No. Those guys come and go.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I realize that. You don’t remember what his name was or anything
-    like that?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No. I’m like Bob [Shirkey]. I think if I would see it or heard it
-    or something I might. Those guys, they were in and out. The mortuary
-    officer, usually they would appoint some sergeant or somebody. The
-    only time the doctors were involved is when you’d have an embalming
-    inspection <span class="pagenum" id="Page_198">198</span> or dress inspection where the doctors came in and examined
-    the body to make sure everything was right. You had another inspection
-    to make sure their dog tags, make sure all the medals and everything...</p>
-
-  <p>They always had two crews of inspectors. The doctors were only involved
-    in the cause of death or the autopsies or identification process,
-    dental charts and all that. After they did their work, then a doctor
-    would always come in and make sure the body was embalmed because [they]
-    know more about it than the other people. But they were involved
-    before. You know.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The reason they contacted you was because Burt Ballard’s funeral
-    home up here had a contract with the base, right?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You worked for Burt for a lot of years, didn’t you?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah, a long time.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: When did you first go to work for him?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I went to work for him, I was hanging around the funeral home when
-    I was like a freshman in high school. I’d want to make some extra
-    money. “I’ll give you 50 cents to wash the hearse.” I knew his daughter
-    real well. We were all in school together. That’s where I really got
-    involved in the funeral home. I just kind of worked my way in it.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: He basically taught you the trade and all that.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh, yeah. My folks weren’t in the funeral business.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The reason I was curious about it was because when I went back...
-    I’m one of these guys that goes to Washington and then gets fed up
-    and leaves and swears I’m never going to go back, and then I go
-    back anyway. But the last time I went back and did that, I shared a
-    townhouse with a guy for awhile who was a mortician from Michigan. But
-    he had to go through all this formal training and all this rigmarole...</p>
-
-  <p>A: No. That started in (inaudible). Maybe you don’t want to hear
-    this, but I was in the 9th grade, and this teacher was going around
-    and wanted us to write a composition on what we wanted to be when we
-    graduated from school. What were our future plans. I was kind of a wise
-    guy, I guess I must have been, but I said undertaker, and I don’t even
-    know why. All the girls squealed, so I got a little attention. Then
-    she said okay, if that’s what you want to do then you’ve got a week,
-    you bring me your composition. I want to know why you want to be an
-    undertaker.</p>
-
-  <p>So I went to the funeral home. They didn’t have any books in those days
-    or anything, but that’s where I went. That’s why I got involved in it,
-    started.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How long were you in that business before you... I know you ran the
-    Wortley Hotel up in Lincoln [N.M.].</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh, that was after I retired.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_199">199</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: Oh, I see, you retired from the mortuary business...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh, yeah. I was in the funeral business 33 years.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: All the time with Ballard?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Oh no, I had my own funeral home over in Las Cruces [N.M.], and one
-    in Socorro [N.M.].</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Oh, okay.</p>
-
-  <p>Speaking of that, do you know Norman Todd or his family?</p>
-
-  <p>A: His dad and I took the state board together. He was at Clovis
-    [N.M.]. Norman’s his son isn’t it?</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Yeah. He’s a lawyer over in Las Cruces [N.M.]. His...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Wasn’t his dad the funeral director in Clovis [N.M.]?</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I think so. The reason I know him is because Mike Cook, who is Steve
-    Schiff’s press secretary, and he have been friends ever since they were
-    in kindergarten together. It turns out that Iris Todd, I guess his
-    stepmother, is the niece of Loretta Proctor. So talk about small world.</p>
-
-  <p>You got these calls from the mortuary officer who was asking you all
-    these questions. We don’t have to go back through all of this. Then at
-    some point you decided to go out to the base. What took you to the base?</p>
-
-  <p>A: At some point I didn’t decide, that’s not correct. Somebody wrote
-    that, but I don’t think it’s right. The way I ended up out at the base
-    later, we had the ambulance service. The way I got it, the ambulance
-    service, I got a call, was an airman that was hurt. I took him to the
-    base. The best I remember, he wasn’t on a stretcher or anything because
-    we walked up the ramp and he sat up in the front seat with me. So he
-    weren’t real bad and weren’t dying. Anyway... This guy walked in, I
-    walked him in. Where I usually park the ambulance, there was a field
-    ambulance there. I had to go back up to the front. The airman and I
-    walked up the ramps. That’s why I went to the base.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The hospital in those days was apparently a complex of buildings,
-    right?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah. Kind of like Bob [Shirkey] said, like the officer’s club.
-    They’re all wooden barrack types.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So the building that’s out there now, the rehab center is a
-    completely new building and had nothing to do with that.</p>
-
-  <p>A2 [Bob Shirkey]: No. Think of a long walkway, like a tunnel, attached
-    to the front of a series of...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I know just what you’re talking about.</p>
-
-  <p>A: ...with a little of breezeway between each building, the best I
-    remember it. Isn’t that right. Bob?</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_200">200</span></p>
-
-  <p>A2 [Bob Shirkey]: Yeah. Here was the building and you came out the
-    front door and you went down this walkway, which I just said, like a
-    tunnel. You could see from one end to the other, but all these separate
-    buildings which were different wings of the hospital.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: This was the infirmary where you took the airman, right?</p>
-
-  <p>A: There were some ramps there, I think the old ramp’s still there. It
-    was. Anyway, that’s the kind of buildings they were. You don’t see it
-    today, no.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I knew that the building, most of it, was new, but I wasn’t sure if
-    they’d built onto it...</p>
-
-  <p>A: That had been worked over two or three times.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: When you look at it looks like it’s been one of these things where
-    they’ve added things to it.</p>
-
-  <p>So you pulled around behind the infirmary, basically.</p>
-
-  <p>A: It was a pretty tight squeeze in there. You couldn’t get very many
-    cars in there.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How many of those ambulances were back there?</p>
-
-  <p>A: There were three old box ambulances. I call them box ambulance. I
-    guess you call them... I wasn’t in the military so I don’t know what
-    all the terms were.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Like these old field ambulances.</p>
-
-  <p>A: They’ve got the old square field ambulances, you know.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The airman walked up that ramp with you. Both of you guys went
-    into...</p>
-
-  <p>A: The airman and I both went in.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did he see that stuff in...</p>
-
-  <p>A: He wasn’t paying any attention because he had, I had a tourniquet
-    and towel over his busted nose, and he went right on in.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Got himself into a little trouble in town, did he?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Rode an old motorcycle. The reason I remember it is because he had
-    an old Indian motorcycle, and I’d just bought one. I paid $40 for one
-    and he [rode] one, and I didn’t have any fenders, and I was thinking of
-    maybe of...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So you took him in there, and then basically after you got him taken
-    care of you figured you’d go look up your friend, the nurse.</p>
-
-  <p>Let’s get that straight.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Stan Friedman, I think, somebody thought that I was having a
-    relationship with this nurse. I was not. This girl wouldn’t even think
-    about<span class="pagenum" id="Page_201">201</span> going with me, and she was going strictly, when she got her
-    time paid back to the service she was going into an order of the nuns,
-    sisters, and she was going to be in education and later on she changed
-    to the nursing deal. The only reason she was in it, because her folks
-    were in debt and she went in the service to get her education. She got
-    her education and then she was going to pay back the church what they
-    owed her. Her whole thing in life was, from the day she was born, her
-    life was planned that she was going to be in an order.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did she ever tell you which order that was?</p>
-
-  <p>A: It was in St. Paul, Minnesota. That’s all I know.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: That’s where she was from.</p>
-
-  <p>A: That’s where she was born and raised. She never went out of the city
-    until she went to... My understanding was she never went anywhere and
-    she never lived anywhere. She was raised up from the time... Strictly
-    raised by the church. That was the only life she ever planned. She
-    wouldn’t date a man if her life depended on it. She’d get around and
-    talk and everything, but there was no way. But everybody said I was
-    going to marry her and... That’s bull shit.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The implication was that she was cute and...</p>
-
-  <p>A: She was cute. I could have been interested. If I wouldn’t have
-    played second fiddle to the Catholic church, because that’s what she
-    would have been.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How did you get to know her, just being out there on the base?</p>
-
-  <p>A: The ambulance service. You go out there, and you’ve got your splints
-    on a guy, you’ve got first aid, whatever, you can’t just throw them off
-    of your stretcher. You maybe help them... Sometimes you’re out there
-    two hours or three. Then while you’re waiting to get your equipment
-    back you sit in the coat room with the doctors and with the nurse’s
-    quarters. That’s where we always had our cokes and stuff.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So you’d just shoot the breeze with whoever’s around.</p>
-
-  <p>A: You get to know these people. That’s the only way. See, she’d only
-    been there less than three months. Of course, I’m a crazy son of a
-    gun... Nearly everybody remembered her. She was a good looking little
-    thing, a beautiful little girl. We thought she was kind of lonely.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: As you well know, there’s been a major effort to try to find her.</p>
-
-  <p>[Skip in tape]</p>
-
-  <p>A: She was out here less than three months.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So you went back there. Tell me what happened.</p>
-
-  <p>A: I started back there, and that’s when I got in trouble. I saw this
-    officer standing there, and I saw this debris in the back of the
-    ambulance.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_202">202</span> Two of them was full of debris. Like Bob [Shirkey] saw a
-    bunch little stuff, and there was a couple of pretty good sized.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Two of the three ambulances had stuff...</p>
-
-  <p>A: One of them’s door was closed, but the other two... There was two
-    MPs standing right out, kind of just leaning up against the back of
-    those. I remember.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did they challenge you when you tried to go in?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No... Evidently because I drove up with that airman, and they just
-    figured whatever.</p>
-
-  <p>Another thing, when I was there, all the people that was there, that
-    nurse was the only person I saw that was permanent station. Everybody
-    else was all new in that whole hospital operation. Even in the coke
-    room, there wasn’t anybody in there that I knew. I started back and got
-    to the door, and I saw this...</p>
-
-  <p>(Pause)</p>
-
-  <p>We’ve been friends for years, but I don’t want to talk with him around.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So the stuff you saw, you said it was not aluminum...</p>
-
-  <p>A: ...looked like hot stainless steel when it got hot. When you put
-    flame on stainless, see, I do sculpture work and all that, and I know
-    what the stuff looks like.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Oh, you’re a sculpture? I didn’t know that?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah, I’ve been doing it for years. I had my own foundry... I did. I
-    don’t do it any more. I have my stuff done. But anyway, this stuff was
-    a blue purplish, it looked like hot stainless steel, is what it looked
-    like. Steel that got hot. It didn’t look like aluminum, it wasn’t even
-    melted like aluminum. I don’t even think it was melted, just like a
-    bunch of fragments.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: But there were some bigger things in there besides the fragments,
-    right?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah. There were was two pieces.</p>
-
-  <p>Anyway, do you want to go back to the nurse?</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Yes, please.</p>
-
-  <p>A: I started back, see, and this captain was standing there, and
-    naturally, I just thought we had a plane crash. When we had that,
-    we used to fill up the ambulances and everything else. It would
-    (inaudible) for you to have a hand here or an arm or a foot or
-    something. You know what I’m talking about. Then you’ve got to get
-    in and take all that stuff and separate it and put those bodies back
-    together with identification. That’s what you’ve got to do. I thought
-    we had a crash.</p>
-
-  <p>I saw this guy, I didn’t know him. He was standing there at the door.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_203">203</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: Just inside?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Just kind of standing like in between the door of this room up
-    there. I was going down the hall. I said, “Sir, it looks like we had a
-    plane crash. Do I need to go in and get ready for it?”</p>
-
-  <p>Q: This was an officer?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah, he was a captain. I remember the bars on his [inaudible]. He
-    said, “Who are you?” I told him I was from the funeral home, and he
-    said, “Wait right there, don’t move.”</p>
-
-  <p>Then he came back, that’s when the two MPs came up. When the nurse came
-    out, we started down the hall and that’s when somebody in the back of
-    us said, “Bring that son of a bitch back.” That’s when the redheaded
-    captain asked where the sergeant came in right there. Then they took me
-    on out. As I was going down the hall, she came out of, like Bob said,
-    out of this room, and there was two guys in back of her, and they all
-    had towels over their face.</p>
-
-  <p>She saw me and she said, “Glenn, what are you doing here? Get out of
-    here, you’re going to get in a lot of trouble. How did you get in
-    here?” She said that two or three times. She was sick.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: This is when you were talking to that first officer?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah. He just told the MPs to take me back to the funeral home.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: He had just told them that, and then she appeared at that point?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He told them to take me to the funeral home, and we started down the
-    hall, back out the hall, and that’s when she came out of another room
-    with these other two guys. What happened, she told me the next day,
-    they were all sick because those little bodies were in those sacks, and
-    two of them were very mangled and the smell was horrible and one was
-    whole and two of them were very badly mangled.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did you get a whiff of that stuff yourself?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, evidently not. If I would have, I would have known what it was.
-    I worked on a hell of a lot of stuff.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: In that tape you talked about working on floaters and all that kind
-    of stuff.</p>
-
-  <p>A: You know.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I haven’t had professional experience in it, but I’ve been involved
-    in it.</p>
-
-  <p>A: In New Mexico you’ve got this hot 100 degree stuff, and you’ve got
-    bodies out there two or three days, and (inaudible).</p>
-
-  <p>Q: This red headed guy, what was his rank, do you remember?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I think he was a captain. It seemed to me like he had on some bars.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_204">204</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: When he first appeared and started getting, essentially, pretty
-    rough, was the sergeant around at that time, or did he show up...</p>
-
-  <p>A: He was kind of beside of him. I think they were standing there....
-    Yeah, they were definitely standing there together. I don’t know if
-    they walked in together, because I didn’t see them until they turned me
-    around.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Was there a lot of activity at that time? Were there people...</p>
-
-  <p>A: People were [fastened] everywhere. And the odd part of it was, there
-    wasn’t anybody, wasn’t any of our regular people. These were all people
-    that I’d never seen before. That’s why I got in so much trouble. I’d
-    never seen these guys.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: These were not any of the guys that would ordinarily recognize you
-    as somebody who would...</p>
-
-  <p>A: And they sure as hell didn’t want me there, you know that.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: When he says, “Get him out of there,” the redhead, did he make any
-    threats to you himself? Did he say, “Don’t say anything about this,
-    forget it...”</p>
-
-  <p>A: He said, just like that. He says, “Now listen, Mister, you don’t
-    go back into town starting a bunch of damn rumors.” This guy swore as
-    much as I do. Anyway, he said, “Don’t start a bunch of damn rumors,
-    because nothing happened out here. There’s no plane crashes. Nothing’s
-    happened. You don’t go in and start.” Then he told the MPs, “Get the
-    son of a bitch out of here.”</p>
-
-  <p>That’s when I said, right then, I said, “Look, Mister, I’m a civilian,
-    and you can’t do a damn thing to me, you go to hell.” That’s when he
-    said, “Listen, Mister, somebody will be picking your bones out of the
-    sand.”</p>
-
-  <p>Then the black sergeant said, “Sir, he would make good dog food,” or
-    something like that. I remember the dog food.</p>
-
-  <p>The next morning at 6:00 o’clock the sheriff was out at my dad’s house
-    and told my dad, “Glenn may be in a lot of trouble with the base, and
-    tell him to keep his mouth shut.”</p>
-
-  <p>I never told my story to anybody, but my dad came up, I was living in a
-    room at the funeral home. He came up and got me out of bed and wanted
-    to know what I’d done. He was a very patriotic old man, and he said,
-    “If you done anything against our government, I’ll take care of it.”</p>
-
-  <p>Q: When was this?</p>
-
-  <p>A: The next morning.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You were saying what the heck? What’s going on?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah. I said, well hey... He said, George Wilcox—the sheriff and my
-    dad were real good friends, and he said George tells me you’re in a lot
-    of trouble out there. He wasn’t going to leave, and I told my dad the
-    story. He got all upset because they threatened me and all this kind of
-    stuff.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_205">205</span></p>
-
-  <p>I didn’t see the nurse, then, until the next day. After I saw her, then
-    I kept calling. When I got back to the funeral home I started calling,
-    because she was in trouble and so was I.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: It was the next morning after you’d been hustled out of there that
-    your dad came by to see you.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah, 6:00 o’clock in the morning.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: He’d been called by the sheriff...</p>
-
-  <p>A: The sheriff went to my mother and dad’s house, and at 6:00
-    o’clock... My dad always got up early, sat and had coffee. He was an
-    old carpenter and building contractor. He and George were old friends
-    because he used to go hunting, and dad was making gun stocks, so they
-    were good friends. They used to play some kind of domino games or 42,
-    whatever you call it. They were good friends.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So the sheriff went by to see your dad...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Dad said he was there at 6:00 o’clock.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The sheriff came by early in the morning and then your dad
-    immediately came from home and came to see you.</p>
-
-  <p>A: After George Wilcox left, my dad came up to the funeral home and
-    wanted to know what I did.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did your dad say why the sheriff... Had the sheriff been contacted
-    by the base, or...</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, he just said, he was concerned about what I’d done, how I’d got
-    in trouble.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Do you remember what he told you about what Wilcox told him?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He just said George said I was in trouble at the base, and what did
-    I do.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Then after having this rude awakening, you then... Did you call the
-    nurse?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well, yeah, this was in mid-morning. I remember I finally, I waited
-    until kind of, well, it must have been 9:00 o’clock or so, and I
-    called. I knew the work station that she always worked at. She was a
-    general nurse. They didn’t specialize. Just orderlies and everybody was
-    on general duty in those days. I was informed that she wasn’t there,
-    she wasn’t working. She wasn’t working that day.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: It was one of the other nurses that you talked to?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah, it was an old girl by the name of Wilson, Captain Wilson. I
-    asked her, I said “what happened?” She said, “Glenn, I don’t know what
-    happened, but she’s not on duty. I’ll try to get the word to her that
-    you want to talk to her.” She was wanting to talk to me, but she was
-    sick. She was in total shock.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_206">206</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did she tell you that later, that she was sick?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I knew she was sick. She came out with that towel. She said, she and
-    the two doctors were sick. Then at the Officers’ Club, she said I want
-    to know what happened to you, and I’ll tell you what happened to me.
-    The only way we ever got to the Officers’ Club, the old regular group
-    said you don’t go anywhere, you keep your mouth shut, [inaudible] said
-    that. The old group, they would have known us. It probably wouldn’t
-    have mattered. But these people, hell, these people didn’t know us.
-    And of course I had a pass, and I had an associate membership to the
-    Officers’ Club, the funeral home did, so I could go as I pleased. I had
-    free access to the base.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did you meet her at the club?</p>
-
-  <p>A: She said she’d meet me over there. She was sick. She said I’ll meet
-    you there.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: When you got there, she was at the club?</p>
-
-  <p>A: She was walking up when I drove up. She walked over. It wasn’t very
-    far from the hospital.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: She walked from the hospital or...</p>
-
-  <p>A: From the nurse’s quarters.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Let me back up to the event with the MPs. They physically hustled
-    you out of the hospital...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well, they didn’t carry me out, they said, “Come on, we’re taking
-    you back,” one on each side. They didn’t have their hands on me or
-    forcing me.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I’ve forgotten which one of the accounts has them lifting you right
-    off your feet and all that kind of stuff.</p>
-
-  <p>A: No. They may have got me by the elbow, but that was that. They were
-    nice guys. They were doing what they were told to do.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: They got you to the ambulance. Did they follow you back to the
-    funeral home?</p>
-
-  <p>A: One followed me in a pickup and the other one sat in the seat with
-    me.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Oh, I see, he actually rode with you in the ambulance.</p>
-
-  <p>A: He rode with me, and the other one drove a pickup and picked him up.
-    They had a pickup.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did the guy riding with you say anything about what was going on?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He said he didn’t know what was going on. That was the first thing I
-    said, “What in the hell’s going on?” You know. He said, “You know more
-    about it than we do,” something similar to that. I don’t know the exact
-    words, but he didn’t know anything.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_207">207</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: Now we’re back to the Officers’ Club and you met her there. When you
-    saw her, how did she look?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Like a nervous wreck. Her hair wasn’t combed or nothing. She said
-    she’d been sick all night crying and everything else, and she was still
-    crying. She was hysterical. She put her hands over her face and said
-    I can’t believe it. The most horrible thing she’d ever seen. She was
-    really in bad shape.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You called her and wanted to get in touch with her to talk with her
-    about what happened.</p>
-
-  <p>A: I was curious.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did she seem reluctant at first to talk to you about it?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, she said I’ve got to talk to you. I want to know what happened
-    to you. She said I’ve got to talk to somebody, and that was it. You
-    know, I’d see her a lot. I knew all those old girls out there, you know.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did she give you any indication or any reason to believe that she
-    had been told to keep her mouth shut about it, or...</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well, yeah, because I’ll tell you what. She had this drawing on the
-    back of a prescription pad, these little bodies, it was on the back,
-    a little small thing on the back of a prescription pad. She said,
-    “I’m going to show you something, and you have to give me your sacred
-    oath that you won’t tell anybody when you got this and you won’t ever
-    mention my name, because I will get in a lot of trouble.” That’s what
-    she said. “I will get in a lot of trouble.”</p>
-
-  <p>Q: She didn’t say specifically that somebody had...</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, she just said, “I will get in a lot of trouble.” She said, “Will
-    you do that?” I said, “Sure.”</p>
-
-  <p>She showed me that. And she had it written on the back like I had it on
-    the back of that, you have my drawing, where I said note, and all that.
-    That’s what she said.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: She let you keep that, she gave it to you?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yeah, she said you look at it and you throw it away. I never did. I
-    went and took it back and put it in my personal file.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Which subsequently got tossed, apparently.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well, all the files got tossed.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: What happened?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Well, the funeral home, I hired some guys, the manager up there
-    now [was there] before I left, and Raymond said that he doesn’t know,
-    because when he was working up there was another manager, and he
-    said he thought Joe [Lucas] told (inaudible). Of course Joe and I
-    weren’t very good friends and we’d had some problems over the funeral<span class="pagenum" id="Page_208">208</span>
-    business, and he said Joe found my files. He said I know he went
-    through everything you had.</p>
-
-  <p>He and I had a partnership in a business, and I put up all the money
-    and it went sour and so we had problems.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You and Stan Friedman actually made an effort to try and find that,
-    didn’t you?</p>
-
-  <p>A: We went down there. The old file was right where I said it was, it
-    was still there. But it was, Stan will tell you, we went down in this
-    old basement, and I knew exactly... See, I kept files on every case
-    that I was involved in, murders, anything that I went to court on, that
-    I was a witness on, I kept all that. I called those my personal files.
-    If I ever had to go back with the insurance companies or anything, I
-    had it all right there. That’s why I had those.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You found the filing cabinet but there was nothing in it?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No. We went through it. There wasn’t a thing in it. Stan and I both.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: They’d stripped it out, or was there other stuff in there...</p>
-
-  <p>A: There wasn’t anything in there.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: After all of that excitement, then what? Did it just kind of
-    evaporate?</p>
-
-  <p>A: It just kind of evaporated. Then of course two or three days later,
-    I was concerned about her because she was sick. I took her back to the
-    nurse’s quarters and let her out. I called back the next day and they
-    said she wasn’t on duty, and I called the next day and they said she
-    wasn’t on duty. Then I went out there, for some reason, I don’t recall.
-    I went out there and I asked about the lieutenant, and they said she’d
-    been transferred out. They said, “She was transferred out yesterday.”
-    Well, that was the day after I saw her. They got her out the next day.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Who told you she’d been transferred out?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I don’t know. Some nurses...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: It wasn’t anybody that you remember?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did they tell you where she’d been shipped to?</p>
-
-  <p>A: They didn’t know. They said she had been transferred, and that’s all
-    they knew.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: But then you heard from her subsequently.</p>
-
-  <p>A: About three or four weeks later. I got a card addressed to Ballard
-    Funeral Home. It was from her, and inside it just said, just a short
-    note, she said we will correspond later to see what happened to each
-    other,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_209">209</span> something similar to those words. She said the only way you can
-    contact me is through this APO number, and there was an APO number. It
-    was a New York APO number.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So she’d gone to Europe or some place.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Then right on the bottom she says, “I’m in London.” That was it. I
-    wrote a note, just a note, that said if you feel like it and you get
-    time, then I would love to know and we’ll correspond. Mine came back.
-    That was about three or four weeks later. Mine came back.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: That was the one that was marked deceased?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Yes. It said return to sender, [addressee] deceased.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Then what did you do?</p>
-
-  <p>A: (inaudible)</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You didn’t try to follow up or see if there was any possible...</p>
-
-  <p>A: No. I asked (inaudible), at the time we called her Slatts Wilson,
-    a big tall nurse, 6′2″, 6′3″, big tall skinny girl. We called her
-    Slatts. Everybody called her Slatts. She’s the one that told me she’d
-    heard that there was a plane crash and she was the nurse that went down
-    on a training mission. She said that’s strictly rumor, I don’t know
-    anything about it. That’s what I...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: No one’s been able to turn that one up at all.</p>
-
-  <p>A: I guess maybe I should never even mention this. I know no one
-    believes this damn story. Nobody believes this story.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I don’t know if that’s true.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Anyway, it was a hell of a story. I told (inaudible). I said I told
-    the woman, I don’t want to give you her name, because I told the lady
-    I’d give a sacred oath and I didn’t want to get involved. Well, it’s
-    been 45 years, almost 40 years, and I haven’t heard anything. He said
-    I will do it confidentially and nobody else will have this name. Well,
-    that’s where he broke his promise after that. I got all over him about
-    it. I called him and I was madder than hell. He said well, Bob Shirkey
-    was the one that told everybody, that he was sitting in the back of
-    us. Bob brought Stan [Friedman] up there when he interviewed me. He
-    said, Bob Shirkey was the one that let out her name. To this day, Stan
-    Friedman (inaudible) still says he did not put her name out. I’ve been
-    on several shows, not several, but two or three interviews, and I’m not
-    going to mention her name. If somebody says is this her name? I’m not
-    going to say it is or it isn’t. I told Stan ... I was madder than hell
-    about it, because I did give my word.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: There’s another side to that, too, from the standpoint of those
-    who are trying to get some answers. By not having her name around,
-    it makes it easier to cross-check the stories that you get from<span class="pagenum" id="Page_210">210</span>
-    people. You have... It’s a question of honor, and that’s very sound. I
-    applaud you for that. There’s not too many people around these days
-    that are concerned about that kind of thing. And it’s also, from an
-    investigator’s point of view, an advantage, too.</p>
-
-  <p>A: I’ve never read this stuff, I’ve never watched the videos, I’ve
-    never read any books, I haven’t even read Stan’s books, I haven’t even
-    read [Kevin] Randle’s only what they say about me. Friedman is a lot
-    more accurate, but see...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You mean about...</p>
-
-  <p>A: About me. I’ve read that. That’s the only thing I’ve read. I’m
-    not a UFO guy. I’ve got another life besides UFOs. But anyway, Stan
-    Friedman’s story is pretty well right. But Randle and them was always
-    said I got curious. I didn’t get curious. I went out there on a call,
-    just like I told you.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: The section of their book that refers to you is really kind of
-    cryptic, anyway.</p>
-
-  <p>A: They said the book was already published. Now they had a copy...
-    Friedman sent them a copy of my tape. They had the (inaudible). Hell,
-    they had my tape. They just made that up. Somebody did.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: I was puzzled by it when I read their book. That whole section where
-    they refer to you, and it’s all very mysterious, and your name is not
-    referred to in the table of contents, but you’re in the list of people
-    that’s been interviewed, but you’re not one of the key people lists...</p>
-
-  <p>A: They never did interview me.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: They never talk to you at all?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Not personally. They didn’t interview me until a long time later, a
-    year or so later. They only had Stan’s tape.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So when they were actually writing their book...</p>
-
-  <p>A: The book was already published.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: When they were doing the writing, they were working from Stan’s tape.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Evidently.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Who was actually the first UFO investigator to get in touch with you?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Stan Friedman. When they had Unsolved Mysteries here and different
-    ones. There was a lot of people... I’d get different ones. I had
-    different people come and say we want to talk to you about the UFOs,
-    and I said I don’t have anything to say, I don’t want to talk about it,
-    and I never did. I’ve talked to very few people since.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_211">211</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: How did Stan come to find you?</p>
-
-  <p>A: One of the guys that I went to school with, high school, and Captain
-    Harry Blake, he’s a general now, (inaudible).</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Is he still on active duty?</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, he’s retired. He was just a general in the military school,
-    National Guard, I don’t know. He never was really a good friend of
-    mine. We lived across the street from each other when we were kids.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: So that’s how Stan found you. He was the first guy to talk to you.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Bob Shirkey brought him up there to see me.</p>
-
-  <p>(Pause)</p>
-
-  <p>Q: There’s a reference in here to you having some years later, I think,
-    talked to a pediatrician that you knew? A guy that was stationed...</p>
-
-  <p>A: I can’t find his picture, and I don’t remember his name. I ran into
-    him when I was fishing up in Colorado and we ran into each other.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: This was a guy who was at that time stationed here?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He was here, and they called him in. He said that was out of his
-    field and he didn’t want anything to do with it.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: They actually called him in and asked him to take a look at what had
-    been retrieved or...</p>
-
-  <p>A: He said they called him in. I don’t know. He said, “But I said that
-    was out of my field and I didn’t want anything to do with it.” That’s
-    what he told me, now.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Did you get the sense that he knew more than he was telling?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I would say so, yeah. I’m sure they did. A lot of those guys out
-    there did.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: You don’t remember his name?</p>
-
-  <p>A: I don’t remember it. But I did run into him. Somewhere I’ve got his
-    name.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Have you talked with anyone else? Had you during that time before
-    you got into all this...</p>
-
-  <p>A: No, I wouldn’t have even talked to him about it. He brought it up
-    and wanted to know whatever happened on the UFO business.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: It was at his initiative.</p>
-
-  <p>A: I didn’t bring it up. I told him I didn’t know any more about it
-    than he did. He said well that was strictly out of my field, and I
-    didn’t want to get involved in it. That was about it. But he brought it
-    up. I didn’t ask him.</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_212">212</span></p>
-
-  <p>Q: He was just curious about what happened.</p>
-
-  <p>A: Wanted to know whatever happened to it.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: That’s about all I’ve got.</p>
-
-  <div class="center">(END)</div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_213">213</span></p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5 mb5" id="Knight">Transcript of Interview with Alice Knight*<br />
-    (Alleged secondhand witness to<br />
-    “crash site”<br />
-    175 miles northwest of Roswell)</div>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Excerpted from raw footage used to prepare the video,
-    <cite>Recollections of Roswell Part II</cite>, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993).</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>A: I remember that he saw—one time I went to visit—and I don’t remember
-    whether it was before my husband and I married or after, I don’t recall
-    the date. But he said that he saw a UFO fall. He was out working in the
-    field and I understood that he was out on the St. Agustin Plains and he
-    went over that way and it fell and he got nearly to the site and there
-    was a group of people on a geological—archeological hunt and they were
-    over there. I don’t remember how many people he said.</p>
-
-  <p>But they got nearly up to the UFO but it was close enough that you
-    could see some creatures. He said they didn’t look like human beings
-    out there.</p>
-
-  <p>And along came government cars and trucks...</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Now, by government you mean...</p>
-
-  <p>A: I guess it was government. You know, as I said it was a long time
-    ago. And someone came along and I understood it, I don’t know whether
-    it was army or what. I think he just termed it government trucks and
-    they told him to go on back and forget they ever saw anything, and
-    that’s all I recall.</p>
-
-  <div class="center">(END)</div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_214">214</span></p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5 mb5" id="Maltais">Transcript of Interview with Vern Maltais*<br />
-    (Alleged secondhand witness to<br />
-    “crash site”<br />
-    175 miles northwest of Roswell)</div>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Excerpted from raw footage used to prepare the video.
-    <cite>Recollections of Roswell Part II</cite>, (Washington, D.C.: Fund for UFO Research, 1993).</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <p>A: ...he [the eyewitness] had been coming back from one of his field
-    trips, he’d run onto a flying saucer that had burst open and there
-    were four beings on the ground and that he was surveying the site,
-    archeological group from the University of Pennsylvania, telling us
-    that there were about four or five people with this group.</p>
-
-  <p>As they were just starting to look things over really closely, the
-    military moved in and gave them a briefing not to say anything about it
-    and keep quiet and it was in the national interest to get out of there.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: What was his feeling about what it was that he had experienced?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He had no qualms about what it was. He said it was a vehicle from
-    outer space. There wasn’t any question. The beings on there were
-    nothing like, not exactly like human beings....</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How did you...</p>
-
-  <p>A: ...similar but not exactly.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: How did he describe them?</p>
-
-  <p>A: He described them being about three and a half to four feet tall,
-    very slim in stature, and with—their heads were hairless, with no
-    eyebrows, no eyelashes, no hair. Sort of a pear-shaped head with the
-    top of the head being smaller—larger, I mean.</p>
-
-  <p>Q: Any other characteristics about their appearance?</p>
-
-  <p>A: Only one thing that he mentioned. The hands were not covered, they
-    had four fingers.</p>
-
-  <div class="center">(END)</div>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_215">215</span></p>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="center xlarge sans mt5 mb5" id="Ragsdale">Transcript of Interview with<br />
-    James Ragsdale*<br />
-    (Alleged firsthand witness to<br />
-    “crash site” north of Roswell)</div>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* James Ragsdale, interview with Donald R. Schmitt, January 26, 1993.</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <div class="mb5">RAGSDALE, JAMES&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; EYEWITNESS&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Transcript<br />
-    26 JANUARY 1993</div>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: So you were actually out there.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Do you remember the name of the ranch it was on?”</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: It was on ... Fisher?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Was it north of here.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yes ... back out here.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Northwest ... Just take your time.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: It was Foster. (Some discussion with his wife about who owned the
-    ranch) ... Let me see what you’ve got (referring to the photographs).
-    That’s the place right there (identifying the location from the
-    pictures).</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: What area?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: It seemed to me that that place belonged to ... Fisher, but it sold
-    to somebody else ... somebody else bought that... That’s how come I was
-    out in that area. And we was out there and she’s dead and all the guys
-    I showed the stuff are all dead. It’s amazing what all went on...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">Discuss our book and the Museum.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: showing one of the pictures ... so you think this looks like</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: That looks like the place.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: As far as the ranches go, driving around at that time, it could
-    have been most any ranch, right? This would have been in ’47 ... You
-    were with this woman?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah. We were camped out out there.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: You were camping?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah... I would say half of it ... I would say that only about
-    half of it ... just half of a ... you really couldn’t tell what it
-    was ... what you could still see, where it hit ... I think it was two
-    spaceships flying together and one them came down and the other one
-    picked up what they could and got out of there.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_216">216</span></p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Is it possible that because it was hit by lightning that it broke
-    up and part of it went down ... (discussion of the Mac Brazel sighting)</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: ... but it was either dummies or bodies or something laying there.
-    They looked like bodies. They weren’t very long ... over four or five
-    foot long at the most. We didn’t see their faces or nothing like that
-    but we had just got to the site and heard the army, the sirens, all
-    coming and we got into a damned jeep to take off. We had to hold a
-    fence up to go onto another ranch to come out from there.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: How far would you say this from town here?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Thirty miles ... forty miles.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: In a northwesterly direction?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Right up here. (Discuss the pictures again.)</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Were there any buildings?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: No. You couldn’t see nothing. You go up on top of the hill. It was
-    a hill ... (referring to the pictures) you could see the stuff right
-    here.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: The object ... the craft ... what was left of it ... in these
-    photos ... where was the object?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Along this right here ... It looked to be about half of around (?)
-    because around the edges ... I had two great big pieces. That’s what
-    they got when they stole the car ... you could take that stuff and wad
-    it up and it would straighten itself out. I never seen anything like
-    it. Looked like something between a plastic ... looked like carbon
-    paper...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: That was the color of it?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah. Carbons. That was the color of it. Sure was ... between
-    plastic and ... hell I don’t know ... let’s see how to describe. One
-    piece we had you could take it and put it in any form you wanted and it
-    would stay there ... you could bend it in any form and it would stay
-    ... it wouldn’t straighten back out.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: You picked those up from the ground?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: You threw them in the jeep ... stuffed them in your clothes...?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah and then we heard all of them coming...</p>
-
-  <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_217">217</span></p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: How many vehicles ... how much commotion did you hear as they came
-    in?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Oh my God it must have been ... it was two or three six by six
-    army trucks, a wrecker and everything ... and leading the pack was a
-    ’47 Ford car with guys in it ... MPs and stuff in it ... we had the
-    windshield down on the jeep and we stayed in the weeds and stuff ...
-    and we came on back down to where we was camped at.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: So you watched for a while?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah. Sure did.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: What was their...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: They cleaned everything all up. I mean cleaned it. They raked the
-    ground and everything. I mean they cleaned everything.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: You didn’t stay there that long?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: No, but they had a truck. I would say it was six or eight big
-    trucks besides the pick up, weapons carriers and stuff like that.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: What kind of guard did they have. Did they surround certain areas...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: They had MPs all ... they got way out in the field. They had people
-    all along this ridge ... they drove up in here. We was back over here.
-    This grass here...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: So if you were back here, could you see the activity down here?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: You couldn’t see too much of what they ... you could tell ... As
-    soon as they got there they began gathering the stuff up ... we were
-    hidden in what you call buffalo grass...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Did you see any behavior around the bodies.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Huh-uh.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: You couldn’t see down to that level?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Did you see any activity near the craft?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: No.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: The angle of the craft ... was it flat was tipped...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: One part was kind of buried in the ground ... and part of it<span class="pagenum" id="Page_218">218</span> was
-    sticking out of the ground ... about like that (DS: about a 30 degree
-    angle?) Yeah ... and I’m sure that was bodies ... either bodies or
-    dummies...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Why do you say “dummies?”</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: The federal government could have been doing something because they
-    didn’t want anyone to know what this was ... they was using dummies in
-    those damned things ... they could use remote control.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: So you thought that it could have been an experimental craft?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: After I came to town showed Frank Willis and his son (he’s dead)
-    ... the Blue Moon beer joint over on the old Dexter highway. We was
-    there until two o’clock in the morning ... I had the jeep behind my car.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Did you still have the scrap in the jeep?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah. I showed it to him. He said I would just keep my mouth shut
-    ... he said hell there is no telling where that come from.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: So you didn’t think it was from outer space?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: No. We didn’t even think about outer space back then...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: When was the first time that you thought that maybe this was
-    something more?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: It was about three weeks ... it came out that a spaceship had
-    crashed at Roswell ... about three weeks. But it could have been out
-    longer than that there but see I worked in Carlsbad...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: But you first saw there had been a newspaper article about three
-    weeks after...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Oh hell it was two or three weeks before I caught up on it ... a
-    spaceship ... what I hear is they guarded that place for a long time
-    out there ... because me and another fellow went out there and you
-    couldn’t get ... they had the roads sealed off ... it was a month or so
-    after...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: And they still had it cordoned off.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: The MPs and stuff were still on the road. They wouldn’t let nobody
-    go out there...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: If a person were to drive out there today ... going north out of
-    town ... are we talking 285?</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: No. Highway 48. You go out 48. You go out here to the truck<span class="pagenum" id="Page_219">219</span> route,
-    hit 48 and ... and it’s about forty some miles out in there ... (And no
-    talks about the car being stolen in 1951 when the car with the debris
-    was stolen...) ...I would say 18 inches and 30 inches long ... strips
-    off the edge of it ... it was a heavy material but it didn’t have no
-    ridges ... it was put together with some kind of solder like stuff ...
-    no bumps, no nothing in it ... it wasn’t ... it was about as heavy as
-    duraluminum ... it wasn’t as brittle ... you could take a small piece
-    and it was flexible ... (then discuss the stealing of the car with a
-    wrecker and the material was locked in the trunk of the car. And then
-    discuss the break in of the house where the last of the pieces were
-    stolen about eight years ago ... 1985).</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Was there a storm that night?”</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah. There sure was. It was a whale of a storm.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Did you hear anything unusual? Did you hear ... between the cracks
-    of thunder...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Well, it lit up the sky when it came down. It lit up the damned ...
-    we thought at first that it was falling star or something. And electric
-    lightning ... man it was something.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: You heard something and you saw something...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Yeah, sure did ... because we were laying there in the back of the
-    pick up ... the whole sky lit up ... we thought it was a star falling.</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">DS: Did you then go to check it out...</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">JR: Sure did. The next day, sure did. We drove right up on it. She
-    picked up a piece of it and we had the jeep parked a little ways away
-    from there and throwed a piece of it up there somewhere and I have
-    tried and tried to find where she had throwed that piece ... she had a
-    piece but when she saw the army coming she throwed it out ... she saw
-    them a coming and she throwed it out ... I doubt that I could even go
-    back to the place it’s been so long. (Now begin to talk about the car
-    wreck that nearly killed him.)</p>
-
-  <p class="noindent">Remainder of the tape is discussion about the car wreck, the ranchers
-    in the area, and the murder of Mrs. Ragsdale’s brother.</p>
-
-  <div class="center">(END)</div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_221">221</span>
-    <h2 id="Selected_Bibliography"><span class="overline">Selected Bibliography</span><br />of Technical Reports</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <p class="hang">The technical reports listed below are available for sale by contacting:<br />
-    National Technical Information Service (NTIS)<br />
-    5285 Port Royal Rd<br />
-    Springfield, VA 22161<br />
-    (703) 487-4650<br />
-    http://www.orders@ntis.fedworld.gov</p>
-
-  <table class="mt5" summary="Technical reports">
-    <tbody>
-      <tr>
-        <th>Publication</th>
-        <th>NTIS Report Number</th>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories.<br />
-          “Report on Research, for the Period July<br />
-          1965-June 1967”, AFCRL TR-68-0039, 1968.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 666484</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Air Force Missile Development Center.<br />
-          <cite><span class="smcap">Man High III</span></cite>, MDC-TR-60-16, 1960.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 259635</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite><span class="smcap">Man-High I</span></cite>, MDC-TR-59-24, 1959.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 215867</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Air Research and Development Command.<br />
-          <cite>History of Flight Support Holloman Air<br />
-          Development Center, 1946–1957</cite>, 1957.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323526</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Bartol, Aileen M., et al.. <cite>Advanced Dynamic<br />
-          Anthropomorphic Manikin (ADAM) Final<br />
-          Design Report</cite>, AAMRL TR-90-023, 1990.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 234761</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Bushnell, David. <cite>Contributions of Balloon<br />
-          Operations to Research and Development<br />
-          at the Air Force Missile Development Center<br />
-          Holloman AFB, N. Mex. 1947–1958</cite>, 1958.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323109</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>History of Research in Space Biology<br />
-          and Biodynamics at the Air Force Missile<br />
-          Development Center, Holloman AFB,<br />
-          New Mexico, 1946–1958</cite>, 1958.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323170</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>History of Research in Subgravity and<br />
-          Zero-G at the Air Force Missile Development<br />
-          Center, Holloman AFB, New Mexico,<br />
-          1948–1958</cite>, 1958.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323144</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_222">222</span>
-          ——. <cite>Major Achievements in Biodynamics:<br />
-          Escape Physiology at the Air Force Missile<br />
-          Development Center, Holloman AFB,<br />
-          New Mexico, 1953–1958</cite>, 1958.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323127</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Origin and Operation of the First<br />
-          Holloman Track, 1949–1956</cite>, 1956.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323573</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Research Accomplishments in Biodynamics:<br />
-          Deceleration and Impact at the Air Force<br />
-          Missile Development Center, Holloman AFB,<br />
-          New Mexico, 1955–1958</cite>, 1958.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323097</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>The Aeromedical Field Laboratory: Mission,<br />
-          Organization, and Track Test Programs,<br />
-          1958–1960</cite>, 1960.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323166</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>The Beginnings of Research in Space Biology<br />
-          at the Air Force Missile Development Center,<br />
-          Holloman AFB, New Mexico, 1946–1952</cite>, 1958.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323167</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Cobb, D. B. and Waters, M.H.L. Royal Aircraft<br />
-          Establishment Farnborough. <cite>The Behavior<br />
-          of Dummy Men During Long Free Falls</cite>,<br />
-          Mechanical Engineering Note 179, 1954.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 060052</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Firestone, James R. and Patterson, Jack H.<br />
-          <cite>Recovery of Parachute-Borne Packages<br />
-          by Helicopter</cite>, TDR 62-6, 1962.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 276477</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Flight Summary, Non-Extensible Balloon<br />
-          Operations, 6580th Test Squadron (Special),<br />
-          June 1950 to October 1954.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323108</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Gildenberg, Bernard G. “General Philosophy and<br />
-          Techniques of Balloon Control”, in Lewis A.<br />
-          Grass, ed., <cite>Proceedings, Sixth AFCRL Scientific<br />
-          Balloon Symposium</cite>, AFCRL-70-0543, 1970.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 717149</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Capacity and Fatigue Tests on Three Mil<br />
-          Polyethylene Balloons</cite>, HADC TN-55-4, 1955.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 066092</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Crane Launch Techniques for Polyethylene<br />
-          Balloons</cite>, HADC TN 57-3, 1957.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 123732</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Development of Shroud Inflation Techniques<br />
-          for Plastic Balloons</cite>, HADC TN-54-4, 1954.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 039440</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Investigation of Inflation Techniques for<br />
-          Nonextensible Balloons</cite>, HADC TN 54-7, 1954.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 067595</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Meteorological Aspects of Constant-Level<br />
-          Balloon Operations in the Southwestern<br />
-          United States</cite>, AFCRL-66-706, 1966.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 644895</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_223">223</span>
-          ——. <cite>Summary Report Project Moby Dick: Covered<br />
-          Wagon Balloon Launcher Development and Test<br />
-          Results</cite>, HDT-21, 1952.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 001124</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>Techniques Developed for Heavy Load<br />
-          Non-Extensible Balloon Flights</cite>, Report No.<br />
-          HADC-TN-54-3, 1954.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 030902</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Greer, R.J., et al. <cite>Development of a Balloon-Borne<br />
-          Manned Vehicle</cite>, WADC TR-59-226, 1959.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 227244</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Hertzberg, H.T.E. <cite>The Anthropology of<br />
-          Anthropomorphic Dummies</cite>,<br />
-          AMRL TR-69-61, 1969.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 706411</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Hess, Joseph. <cite>Determination of Parachute Descent<br />
-          Times and Impact Locations for High Altitude<br />
-          Balloon Payloads</cite>, AFCRL 63-885, 1963.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 421021</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Holloman Air Development Center, Weekly Test<br />
-          Status Reports, Project MX-1450B/7218<br />
-          (<span class="smcap">High Dive</span>), June 1954 to January 1956.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323823</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Madson, Raymond A., 1st Lt. <cite>High Altitude Balloon<br />
-          Dummy Drops, II. The Stabilized Dummy<br />
-          Drops</cite>, WADC TR 57-477 (II), 1961.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 270880</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <cite>High Altitude Balloon Dummy Drops,<br />
-          Part I. The Unstabilized Dummy Drops</cite>,<br />
-          WADC TR 57-477, 1957.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 130965</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Mazza, Vincent and Wheeler, R.V. <cite>High Altitude<br />
-          Bailouts</cite>, MCREXD-695-66M, 1950.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323449</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Nolan, George F. <cite>Balloon Ascent Trajectory<br />
-          Dispersion Over the United States at 60,000<br />
-          and 100,000 ft</cite>, AFCRL-66-98, 1966.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 631502</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Redmond, Kent C. <cite>Integration of the Holloman-White<br />
-          Sands Ranges, 1947–1952</cite>, 1957.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 323574</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Ruffner, Kevin C. (ed). <cite>Corona: America’s First<br />
-          Satellite Program</cite>, 1995.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">PB 95928007</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Simons, David G., Lt. Col., (MC) <cite>Stratosphere<br />
-          Balloon Techniques for Exposing Living<br />
-          Specimens to Primary Cosmic Ray Particles</cite>,<br />
-          MDC TR 54-16, 1954.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">AD 075812</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">——. <span class="smcap">Man High II</span>, MDC TR 59-28, 1959.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">ADA 230805</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">Stapp, John P., Maj., (MC) <cite>Human Tolerance to Linear<br />
-          Deceleration, Part I. Preliminary Survey of<br />
-          the Aft Facing Seated Position</cite>, Air Force<br />
-          Technical Report 5915, 1949.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">PB 100871*</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_224">224</span>
-          ——. <cite>Part II. The Aft Facing Position and the<br />
-          Development of a Crash Harness</cite>, Air Force<br />
-          Technical Report 5915, 1951.</td>
-        <td class="tdcb">PB 106572</td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">
-          </td>
-        <td class="tdcb"></td>
-      </tr>
-      <tr>
-        <td class="tdlh">
-          </td>
-        <td class="tdcb"></td>
-      </tr>
-    </tbody>
-  </table>
-
-  <hr class="fnt" />
-  <div class="inlinenote">* Available from:<br />
-    Library of Congress<br />
-    Photoduplicating Service<br />
-    Washington, D.C. 20540<br />
-    (202) 707-5640</div>
-  <hr class="fnb" />
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="chapter">
-    <span class="pagenum" id="Page_225">225</span>
-    <h2 class="overline" id="Index">Index</h2>
-  </div>
-
-  <ul class="index">
-    <li class="ifrst">A</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">accelerometers, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_21">30</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Aero Medical Laboratory, USAF <a href="#Page_20">20–21</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104–105</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Aeromedical Field Laboratory, USAF <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">AFM-143-1, <i>Mortuary Affairs</i>, <a href="#Page_199">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">agents, federal, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">agents, government, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Air Force, <a href="#Page_1">1–3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8–10</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37–38</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41–42</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51–53</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61–62</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_75">75–76</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89–91</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_95">95–101</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111–113</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116–117</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</li>
-      <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#USAF">U.S. Air Force</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Air Force Letter 35-3, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Air Force, Secretary of the <a href="#Page_1">1–2</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Air Materiel Command (AMC), <a href="#Page_19">19–20</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">air samples, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">aircraft</li>
-    <li class="isub2">A-26, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">B-25, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">B-26, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">B-29, <a href="#Page_93">93–94</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">B-47, <a href="#Page_93">93–94</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">B-52, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">C-131, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">C-47, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93–94</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">F-4, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">F-51, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">KB-29, <a href="#Page_93">93–94</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">KC-97, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93–97</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">KC-135, <a href="#Page_93">93–94</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">L-20, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">T-33, <a href="#Page_93">93–94</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">X-15, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">airman, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Alamogordo Army Airfield, N.M., <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Alamogordo, N.M., <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Alaska, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_59">59–61</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">alien(s), <a href="#Page_1">1–3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11–12</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28–29</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_38">36–39</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_46">46–47</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="ambulance">ambulance, <a href="#Page_76">76–78</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113–116</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Anderson">Anderson, Gerald, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60–61</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Anderson_interview">interview in Appendix C</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Antarctica, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">APO (Air Post Office), <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Apollo</span>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Arizona, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">arms, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Army Air Forces, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#USAAF">U.S. Army Air Forces</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Army Nurse Corps (ANC), <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Artesia, N.M., <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ashland, Wisc., <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Atlantic Ocean, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">autopsies, preliminary, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">autopsy, alien, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">autopsy protocol, <a href="#Page_96">96–97</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">autopsy; ies; ied, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77–78</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_94">94–95</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Aztec</i> (N.M.) <i>Independent Review</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Aztec, N.M., <a href="#Page_83">83–85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">B</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ball, Guy, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Ballard">Ballard Funeral Home, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">ballast, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Balloon Branch, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43–51</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_57">57–58</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102–103</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_105">105–107</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113–115</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon control package, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon controllers, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon drops, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon failure, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon, high altitude, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36–38</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_45">45–49</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52–53</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57–58</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66–67</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100–104</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Balloon_poly">balloon, polyethylene, <a href="#Page_40">40–42</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_106">106–107</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114–115</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon, tethered, <a href="#Page_45">45–46</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon train, <a href="#Page_5">5–6</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11–13</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon, “Vee”, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balloon, weather, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">balsa wood, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">bandages, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Barnett, Grady L. “Barney”, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">base histories, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Baylor University, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Bean, Alan, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Behind the Flying Saucers</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_226">226</span> Berliner, Don <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Biodynamics of Space Flight, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See</i> <a href="#Man_High"><span class="smcap">Man High</span></a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“black sergeant”, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Blankenship, Robert, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Blauw, Alfred S., M.D., <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">blimp, <a href="#Page_60">60–61</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="body_bags">body bags, <a href="#Page_35">35–36</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Bravest Man, The.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See</i> <a href="#Stapp">Stapp, John P., Col. (MC), USAF (Ret)</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Britain, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Brooke General Hospital, Ft. Sam Houston, Tex., <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Buck Rogers, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Bush, George H. W., President, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-
-    <li class="ifrst">C</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Cahn, J. P., <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Cambridge, England, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">camera(s), <a href="#Page_30">30–31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">canoe, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">cargo trailer, 1½-ton, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Carlsbad, N.M., <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Carswell AFB, Tex., <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">caskets, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Chavez, Dennis, Sen. (N.M.), <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Cheney Award, <a href="#Page_31">31–32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Close Encounters of the Third Kind</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Clouthier, Charles E., <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Clouthier">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">cold soaking, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Collier’s</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26–27</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Coltman, Charles A., Jr., Col. (MC), USAF (Ret).</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See</i> <a href="#Coltman">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">commissary, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">community relations, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">con-men, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Contributions of Balloon Operations to Research and Development at the Air Force Missile
-      Development Center, Holloman AFB, N.Mex., 1947–1958</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">cooperating witnesses, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Corona</span>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">cosmic ray particles, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">cover-up, <a href="#Page_8">8–9</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Crash at Corona</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-
-    <li class="ifrst">D</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">debris, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">debris field, <a href="#Page_11">11–12</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Dennis">Dennis, W. Glenn, <a href="#Page_75">75–78</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81–86</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_88">88–90</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96–97</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Denver, Colo., <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Department of Defense, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Discoverer XI</span>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Discoverer XII</span>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Discoverer XIII</span>, <a href="#Page_43">43–44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">dispensary, <a href="#Page_114">114–116</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">doctor(s), <a href="#Page_78">76–78</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_98">98–99</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">dog food, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">doll(s), <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">dolls, plastic, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60–61</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“Dr. Gee”, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">drones, remotely-piloted, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">drug smuggling, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">drug store supervisor, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">dummies, anthropomorphic, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_16">16–17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19–21</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23–26</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34–36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38–39</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55–62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64–65</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67–68</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">dummies, crash test, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">dummies, parachute drop, <a href="#Page_19">19–20</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">dummy drop, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“Dummy Joe”, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">E</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">ear, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Earth, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="EdwardsAFB">Edwards AFB, Calif., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Eisenhower, Dwight D., President, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">ejection, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">ejection seat, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">El Centro, Calif., <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">El Paso, Texas, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Elder Statesman of Aviation, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">England, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">entry vehicles, atmospheric, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">escape pods, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Excelsior</span>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25–26</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55–56</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_67">67–68</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101–105</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109–110</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Executive Order 11652, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">eyes, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">F</li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Fanton">Fanton, Eileen M., 1st Lt., USAF, <a href="#Page_82">82–83</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Farmington Drug, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Farmington, N.M., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83–84</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ferrell, Lee F., Col., USAF, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">finger(s), <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_59">59–61</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">flight surgeon, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">flightsuit, <a href="#Page_28">28–29</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">flying disc, <a href="#Page_5">5–6</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#flying_saucer">flying saucer</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="flying_saucer">flying saucer, <a href="#Page_1">1–3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_36">36–37</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58–59</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">flying saucer wave [of 1947], <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Foster Ranch, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Four Corners [region], <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Franklin, Ky., <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_227">227</span>Frederick, S.D., <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Friedman, Stanton T., <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ft. George Wright, Wash., <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ft. Worth AAF, Tex., <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Fulgham, Dan D., Col., USAF (Ret), <a href="#Page_106">106–107</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Fulgham">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Fund for UFO Research, The, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">funeral home, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Ballard">Ballard Funeral Home</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">G</li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Galileo</span>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">gamma rays, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">GAO, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#GAO">General Accounting Office</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">gauges, strain, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Gemini</span>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="GAO">General Accounting Office (GAO), <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>General Philosophy and Techniques of Balloon Control</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">generator, MB-19, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Gila Mountains, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Gildenberg, Bernard D. “Duke”, <a href="#Page_8">8–9</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Gildenberg">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">glass, broken, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Goddard, Joyce, Capt., USAF, <a href="#Page_88">88–89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Championship, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">gowns, surgical, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">gurneys, hospital, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">gyros, rate, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">H</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">hands, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59–60</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Harmon Trophy, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Hawaii, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">head(s), <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_118">118–120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">helicopter, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116–117</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">helmet, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">helmets, pith, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">hematoma, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Hepburn, Audrey, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">hieroglyphics, <a href="#Page_113">113–114</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Higgins, J.J., <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">High Dive</span>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29–30</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55–56</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67–68</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">high-speed track, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">hoax, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Hodiak, John, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Holloman AFB, N.M., <a href="#Page_8">8–10</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16–17</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26–27</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_30">30–32</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37–38</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_43">43–44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46–47</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52–53</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63–65</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102–103</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105–107</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113–114</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118–120</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Hollywood, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">horseback, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">human remains pouches, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#body_bags">body bags</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Hynek, J. Allan, <a href="#Page_117">117–118</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">I</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">identification specialist, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98–99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">instrumentation kit, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">insulation bags, <a href="#Page_35">35–36</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">intimidation, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">irregular [research] methods, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">J</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Jagger, Dean, <a href="#Page_38">38–39</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">jeep, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Johns Hopkins University, The, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Jorgeson, Ole, A2C, USAF, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113–114</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Jorgeson">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Jornada Test Range, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Jupiter, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">K</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Kaufman, William C., Capt., USAF, <a href="#Page_105">105–107</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Kaufman">statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Kelso, Wash., <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Kentucky Air National Guard, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Kittinger, Joseph W., Jr., Capt., USAF, <a href="#Page_25">25–26</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_101">101–107</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109–112</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117–120</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Kittinger">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Knight, Alice, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Knight">interview in Appendix C</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Korea, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Kovatch-Scott, Ethel, Col., USAF (Ret), <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">L</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Las Vegas AFB, Nev., <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">legal claims, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Life</i> magazine, <a href="#Page_26">26–27</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">lights, strobe, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“little men”, <a href="#Page_84">84–85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">livestock, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">London, England, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Long, Lonely Leap, The</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Lordsburg, N.M., <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Lovell, Jim, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Luftwaffe, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Lutz, Roland H. “Hap”, SSgt., USAF, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Lutz">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">M</li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="M342">M-342 5-ton wrecker, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#wrecker">wrecker</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="M35">M-35 2½-ton cargo truck, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#six_by_six">six by six</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="M37">M-37 ¾-ton utility truck, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#weapons_carrier">weapons carrier</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">M-43 ¾-ton ambulance, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#ambulance">ambulance</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>MAD</i> [magazine], <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_228">228</span>Madison, Guy, <a href="#Page_38">38–39</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Madson, Raymond A., 1st Lt., USAF, <a href="#Page_29">29–30</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Madson">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Maltais, Vern, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58–59</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Maltais">interview in Appendix C</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Man_High"><span class="smcap">Man High</span>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_101">101–104</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110–112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Man in Space Soonest</span> (MISS), <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Marcel, Jesse, Maj., USAF, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Mars, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Martin Marietta Corporation, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">masks, surgical, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Massachusetts Institute of Technology, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">McClure, Clifton. 1st Lt., USAF, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">McCook Field, Ohio, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Mercury</span>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103–104</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“<span class="smcap">Mercury Seven</span>”, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">meteorological data, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Mexico, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">MiG-21, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="MP">Military Police, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Milner, Martin, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Minnesota, University of, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">missile, ballistic, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">missile, intercontinental ballistic (ICBM), Atlas F, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">missiles, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">missing nurse, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81–83</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87–90</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_96">96–98</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Fanton">Fanton, Eileen M., 1st Lt., USAF</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Mitchell, Cameron, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">ML-307B/AP.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See</i> <a href="#radar_targets">radar targets</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Mogul"><span class="smcap">Mogul</span>, <a href="#Page_1">1–2</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5–6</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_11">11–13</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">monkeys, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Moon, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Moore, Charles B., <a href="#Page_8">8–9</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">morgue, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">morning reports, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">mortician, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98–99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">mortuary, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">MPs, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#MP">Military Police</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Muroc AAF, Calif., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#EdwardsAFB">Edwards AFB, Calif.</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">museum, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">mystery witness, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">N</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">NASA, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44–46</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">National Aeronautics Association, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">National Archives and Record Administration, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">National Aviation Hall of Fame, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>National Geographic</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">National Medal of Technology, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">National Personnel Records Center (NPRC), <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">NATO, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">NCO [Non-Commissioned Officer], <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Nenninger, Richard L., Maj., USAF, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">New Brighton, Minn., <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">New Mexico, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14–15</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36–37</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41–42</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46–48</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">New York, N.Y., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">New York University, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">newspaper accounts, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">newspaper announcements, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">newspapers, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Newton, Silas M., <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Nixon, Richard M., President, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">nondisclosure agreements, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Nordstrom, Frank B., Capt. (MC), USAF, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Nordstrom">Signed sworn statement in Appendix B</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">nosecone, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">nuclear accidents, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">nuclear weapon, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">O</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">oscillograph, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">odor, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95–97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">officers’ club, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Roswell_OC">Roswell AAF Officers’ Club</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">oil field worker, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Dennis">Dennis, W. Glenn</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Omni</i> magazine, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>On the Threshold of Space</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38–39</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Orlando, Fla., <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“Oscar Eightball”, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">P</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Panama, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">paper, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">paper, aluminized, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">parachute, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25–26</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">pathologist, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98–99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">pay load, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40–44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46–48</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66–67</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Pease AFB, N.H., <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">pediatrician, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83–84</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89–91</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">pharmacist, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">phone directories, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Pioneer</span>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">police, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">polyethylene, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Balloon_poly">balloon, polyethylene</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">polygraph examination, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Popular Mechanics Magazine</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26–27</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">POW, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#POW">Prisoner of War</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Pre-Astronauts, The</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">predatory animals, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">preparation room, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="POW">Prisoner of War, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_229">229</span>Project 119L, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Project <span class="smcap">Bluebook</span>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Project <span class="smcap">Gemini</span>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Project <span class="smcap">Mercury</span>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Project <span class="smcap">Mogul</span>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2">See <a href="#Mogul"><span class="smcap">Mogul</span></a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">property damage, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">R</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">radar, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">radar guided missiles, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="radar_targets">radar targets, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">radio stations, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ragsdale, James, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#Ragsdale">interview in Appendix C</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">ramp, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">rancher, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ray, Hilary, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Recollections of Roswell, Part II</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">reconnaissance, photographic, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">redheaded captain, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_109">109–110</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">redheaded colonel, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">redheaded officer, <a href="#Page_77">77–78</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">remote control, <a href="#Page_56">56–57</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">research methodology, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">reward, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">rocket sled, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Rosie O’Grady’s Flying Circus, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="RoswellAAF">Roswell AAF, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75–78</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81–83</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88–91</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Roswell AAF hospital, <a href="#Page_12">12–13</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75–78</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81–83</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_86">86–90</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Roswell_OC">Roswell AAF Officers’ Club, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Roswell Army Air Field, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12–13</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#RoswellAAF">Roswell AAF</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Roswell Daily Record</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Roswell Incident, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5–6</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_11">11–12</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16–17</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37–38</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_44">44–45</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84–85</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Roswell Industrial Air Center, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Roswell, N.M., <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5–6</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8–13</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33–34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36–37</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67–68</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97–102</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">rubber, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ruidoso, N.M., <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">S</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">SAC.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See</i> <a href="#SAC">Strategic Air Command</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Sacramento Mountains, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">safety belts, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">San Agustin Mountains, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">San Agustin Pass, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">San Agustin Peak, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">San Agustin Plains, <a href="#Page_11">11–12</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">satellite, <a href="#Page_41">41–44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">saucer, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#flying_saucer">flying saucer</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Schiff, Steven, Rep. (N.M.), <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Schmitt, Donald, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Schock, Grover, Capt., USAF, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Schwaderer, George, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Schwartz, Eugene M., 1st Lt., USAF, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">scientists, civilian contract, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Scully, Frank, <a href="#Page_84">84–85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Selff, Naomi Maria, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">sensors, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">sensors, acoustical, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">sheriff, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49–50</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Sierra Engineering Company, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Sierra Madre, Calif., <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“Sierra Sam”, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Sightings</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Silver City, N.M., <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Simons, David G., Lt. Col. (MC), USAF (Ret), <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_101">101–102</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="six_by_six">six-by-six, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55–56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#M35">M-35 2½ ton cargo truck</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Slattery, Lucille C., Capt., USAF, <a href="#Page_88">88–89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Smithsonian Institution, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Society of Automotive Engineers, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Socorro</i> (N.M.) <i>Defensor Chieftain</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Socorro, N.M., <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Sonic Wind Nᵒ 1, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Southeast Asia, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Soviet, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Soviet Union, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">space, <a href="#Page_42">42–44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102–104</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Space and Missile Command, Test and Evaluation Unit, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">space probe, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2"><span class="smcap">Galileo</span>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2"><span class="smcap">Pioneer</span>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2"><span class="smcap">Surveyor</span>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2"><span class="smcap">Viking</span>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2"><span class="smcap">Voyager-Mars</span>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">spacecraft, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">spaceship, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Sputnik I</span>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">St. Catherine’s Academy, Springfield, Ky., <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">St. Mary Elizabeth’s Hospital, Louisville, Ky., <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Stack, Robert, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Stafford, Ariz., <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Stapp Car Crash Conferences, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="Stapp">Stapp, John P., Col. (MC), USAF (Ret), <a href="#Page_20">20–21</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31–32</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38–39</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_104">104–105</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111–112</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_230">230</span>star witness, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Stargazer</span>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101–105</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109–110</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117–118</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">statement, signed sworn, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">sticks, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="SAC">Strategic Air Command (SAC), <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115–116</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">stretcher, military, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">sunglasses, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Surveyor</span>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">symbols, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">T</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">tanker, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">tape, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">tape, red [duct-type], <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">targets, missile, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ted Smith Company, <a href="#Page_20">20–21</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Texas, University of, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Texas, West, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">threats, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Time</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26–27</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">tinfoil, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">transducers, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">transducers, pressure, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">transmitters, radio, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">transponders, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">truck, pickup, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>True</i> magazine, <a href="#Page_84">84–85</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Tularosa Valley [N.M.], <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Twentieth Century Fox, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">U</li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="USAF">U.S. Air Force, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_45">45–49</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85–86</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102–105</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">U.S. Army, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="USAAF">U.S. Army Air Forces, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8–9</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75–76</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">U.S. Army Special Forces, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">U.S. Government, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">U.S. Government Printing Office, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">U.S. Navy, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103–104</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">U.S. Navy Aerospace Recovery Facility, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Ubon Air Base, Thailand, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Udorn Air Base, Thailand, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">UFO, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47–48</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58–59</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117–118</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>UFO Crash at Roswell, The Truth About the</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46–47</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">UFO enthusiasts, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">UFO Museum and Research Center, The International, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">UFO organizations, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">UFO proponents, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">UFO researchers, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">UFO theorists, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47–48</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82–83</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_113">113–116</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">unidentified flying object, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Units</li>
-    <li class="isub2">1st Air Commando Wing, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">6th Bombardment Wing, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115–116</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">47th Air Division, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">427th Army Air Forces Base Unit, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">Squadron “M”, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">509th Aerial Refueling Squadron, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">509th Bombardment Wing, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115–116</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">555th Tactical Fighter Squadron (“Triple Nickel”), <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">579th Strategic Missile Squadron, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">4036th USAF hospital, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
-    <li class="isub2">7510th USAF Hospital, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">unrecorded interviews, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Unsolved Mysteries</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Upper Darby, Pa., <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">USS Haiti Victory, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">V</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Vandenberg AFB, Calif., <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><i>Variety</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Venus, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Vietnam, Hanoi, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Vietnam, North, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Vietnam, Republic of, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Vietnamese, North, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Viking</span>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">“Vince and Larry”, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Voyager-Mars</span>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
-
-    <li class="ifrst">W</li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Walker AFB, N.M., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_86">86–89</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93–95</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97–102</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109–110</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113–117</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120–121</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Walker, Chalma, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Walt Disney World, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Walter, John. SSgt., USAF, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Walter Reed Army Medical Center, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wasem, Martha, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Washington, D.C., <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="weapons_carrier">weapons carrier, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55–56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113–114</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#M37">M-37 ¾-ton utility truck</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">weather equipment, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Whenry, Jack, 1st Lt., USAF, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">White House, The, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">White Sands Missile Range, N.M., <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42–43</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#WSPG">White Sands Proving Ground, N.M.</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">White Sands National Monument, N.M., <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="WSPG">White Sands Proving Ground, N.M., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">White, William C., <a href="#Page_103">103–104</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wickenburg, Ariz., <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_231">231</span>Williams, Carol, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wilson, Capt., <a href="#Page_77">77–78</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wilson, Idabelle M., Maj., USAF (Ret), <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wilson, “Slatts”, <a href="#Page_77">77–78</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87–91</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wimpole Park, Cambridge, England, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Winzen, Otto C., <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Winzen Research International, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">World War I, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">World War II, <a href="#Page_19">19–20</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">wreckage, <a href="#Page_76">76–77</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_113">113–114</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">wreckage, bluish-purplish, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx" id="wrecker">wrecker, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29–30</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55–56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li>
-    <li class="isub2"><i>See also</i> <a href="#M342">M-342 5-ton wrecker</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wright Field, Ohio, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
-
-    <li class="indx">Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77–78</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104–105</a>,
-      <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119–120</a></li>
-  </ul>
-
-  <div class="figcenter mt20">
-    <img class="illow30" src="images/i_233.jpg" alt="" />
-  </div>
-
-  <hr class="page" />
-  <div class="center xxlarge sans mt10 mb5"><b>Transcriptions</b></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_7">Transcription of Fig. 7</div>
-
-  <div class="xxlarge sans"><i><b>Harassed Rancher who Located<br />
-    ‘Saucer’ Sorry He Told About It</b></i></div>
-
-  <p class="indent0">W. W. Brazel, 48, Lincoln county rancher living 30 miles south east
-    of Corona, today told his story of finding what the army at first
-    described as a flying disk, but the publicity which attended his
-    find caused him to add that if he ever found anything else short of
-    a bomb he sure wasn’t going to say anything about it.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Brazel was brought here late yesterday by W. E. Whitmore, of radio
-    station KGFL, had his picture taken and gave an interview to the
-    Record and Jason Kellahin, sent here from the Albuquerque bureau
-    of the Associated Press to cover the story. The picture he posed
-    for was sent out over AP telephoto wire sending machine specially
-    set up in the Record office by R. D. Adair, AP wire chief sent here
-    from Albuquerque for the sole purpose of getting out his picture
-    and that of sheriff George Wilcox, to whom Brazel originally gave
-    the information of his find.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Brazel related that on June 14 he and an 8-year old son, Vernon
-    were about 7 or 8 miles from the ranch house of the J. B. Foster
-    ranch, which he operates, when they came upon a large area of
-    bright wreckage made up on rubber strips, tinfoil, a rather tough
-    paper and sticks.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">At the time Brazel was in a hurry to get his round made and he did
-    not pay much attention to it. But he did remark about what he had
-    seen and on July 4 he, his wife, Vernon and a daughter Betty, age
-    14, went back to the spot and gathered up quite a bit of the debris.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">The next day he first heard about the flying disks, and he wondered
-    if what he had found might be the remnants of one of these.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Monday he came to town to sell some wool and while here he went to
-    see sheriff George Wilcox and “whispered kinda confidential like”
-    that he might have found a flying disk.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Wilcox got in touch with the Roswell Army Air Field and Maj. Jesse
-    A. Marcel and a man in plain clothes accompanied him home, where
-    they picked up the rest of the pieces of the “disk” and went to his
-    home to try to reconstruct it.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">According to Brazel they simply could not reconstruct it at all.
-    They tried to make a kite, out of it, but could not do that and
-    could not find any way to put it back together so that it would fit.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Then Major Marcel brought it to Roswell and that was the last he
-    heard of it until the story broke that he had found a flying disk.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Brazel said that he did not see it fall from the sky and did not
-    see it before it was torn up, so he did not know the size or shape
-    it might have been, but he thought it might have been about as
-    large as a table top. The balloon which held it up, if that was how
-    it worked, must have been about 12 feet long, he felt, measuring
-    the distance by the size of the room in which he sat. The rubber
-    was smoky gray in color and scattered over an area about 200 yards
-    in diameter.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">When the debris was gathered up the tinfoil, paper, tape, and
-    sticks made a bundle about three feet long and 7 or 8 inches thick,
-    while the rubber made a bundle about 18 or 20 inches long and about
-    8 inches thick. In all, he estimated, the entire lot would have
-    weighed maybe five pounds.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">There was no sign of any metal in the area which might have been
-    used for an engine and no sign of any propellers of any kind,
-    although at least one paper fin had been glued onto some of the
-    tinfoil.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">There were no words to be found anywhere on the instrument,
-    although there were letters on some of the parts. Considerable
-    scotch tape and some tape with flowers printed upon it had been
-    used in the construction.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">No strings or wire were to be found but there were some eyelets in
-    the paper to indicate that some sort of attachment may have been
-    used.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Brazel said that he had previously found two weather observation
-    balloons on the ranch, but that what he found this time did not in
-    any way resemble either of these.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">“I am sure what I found was not any weather observation balloon.”
-    he said. “But if I find anything else, besides a bomb they are
-    going to have a hard time getting me to say anything about it.”</p>
-
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_7">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_8">Transcription of Fig. 8</div>
-  <div class="xlarge sans">Authors seek UFO witnesses</div>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Co-authors of a major book on the 1947 crash of at least one
-    alien spacecraft in the New Mexico desert will be at the Golden
-    Manor Motel in Socorro on Monday, Nov. 16 to seek out additional
-    witnesses to these events.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Nuclear physicist Stanton T. Friedman and aviation/science writer
-    Don Berliner, whose “Crash at Corona” is now in its second
-    printing, want to meet with people having knowledge of the 1947 crashes.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Their book, being published in August by Paragon House of New York,
-    is being prepared for a made-for-TV movie. It is the story of the
-    discovery, retrieval, shipping and cover-up of what the authors
-    call the most important scientific discovery of the past thousand years.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">It is based on dozens of interviews with first- and second-hand
-    civilian and ex-military witnesses to various parts of what is
-    referred to as a very complex series of events.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">In order to strengthen their case for government knowledge of what
-    they call “the truth behind almost 50 years of UFO sightings,” the
-    authors are seeking out additional, reliable witnesses. It remains
-    their policy to honor requests to keep the names of witnesses private.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">For more information, contact Don Berliner, 1202 S. Washington St.,
-    Alexandria. VA., 22314 (703-548-0405); or Stanton T. Friedman, 79
-    Pembroke Crescent, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 2V1, Canada (506 457-0232).</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Witnesses are invited to call either author collect or to make
-    arrangements to meet them at any of their stops in New Mexico,
-    which include the cities of Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Las Cruces,
-    Alamogordo and Roswell.</p>
-
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_8">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription"><a id="trans_15">Transcription of Fig. 15</a></div>
-  <div class="center xxlarge sans"><b>“I’LL JUST BRACE<br />
-    MYSELF WITH THE<br />STEERING WHEEL”</b></div>
-
-  <div class="center">Who are you trying to fool? There’s no way a steering wheel<br />
-    can stop you from slamming into a dashboard. Only a safety belt can.<br />
-    Stop making excuses and start buckling your safety belt.</div>
-
-  <div class="center xlarge sans"><b>YOU COULD LEARN A LOT FROM A DUMMY.<br />BUCKLE YOUR SAFETY BELT.</b></div>
-
-  <div class="center small">A Public Service Message<br />
-    US Department of Transportation</div>
-
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_15">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_26">Transcription of Fig. 26</div>
-  <div class="xlarge"><b>The Long,<br />Lonely Leap</b></div>
-
-  <div class="mt2"><i>World’s highest jump tests a new type of parachute for
-    high-altitude flyers and scientists returning from the threshold of space</i></div>
-
-  <p class="mt5">By CAPT. JOSEPH W. KITTINGER. JR., USAF</p>
-
-  <div class="right mt2 mb5"><i>Illustrations by National Geographic<br />photographer VOLKMAR WENTZEL</i></div>
-
-  <p class="indent0">OVERHEAD my onion-shaped balloon spread its 200-foot diameter
-    against a black daytime sky. More than 18½ miles below lay the
-    cloud-hidden New Mexico desert to which I shortly would parachute.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">Sitting in my gondola, which gently twisted with the balloon’s slow
-    turnings, I had begun to sweat lightly, though the temperature read
-    36° below zero Fahrenheit. Sunlight burned in on me under the edge
-    of an aluminized antiglare curtain and through the gondola’s open
-    door.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">In my earphones crackled the voice of Capt. Marvin Feldstein, one
-    of our project’s two doctors, from ground control at Holloman Air
-    Force Base:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">“Three minutes till jump, Joe.”</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">I was ready to go, for more reasons than one. For about an hour—as
-    the balloon rose from 50,000 to 102,800 feet above sea level—I
-    had been exposed to an environment requiring the protection of a
-    pressure suit and helmet, and the fear of their failure had always
-    been present. If either should break, unconsciousness would come in
-    10 or 12 seconds, and death within two minutes.</p>
-
-  <p class="indent0">In our altitude-chamber flights at the laboratory, I always [...]</p>
-
-  <blockquote class="mt5">
-    <p class="indent0">“<b>Lord, take care of me now</b>,” I pray, then take the big
-      step-off that begins my return from the edge of space, a 13-minute,
-      45-second plunge to an earth wrapped in clouds. The lanyard
-      attached to my parachute pack is my last link with the gondola.
-      It starts a timer on a small stabilization chute that will
-      open 16 seconds later and prevent horizontal spinning. Without
-      stabilization, man could not survive a jump from these high
-      altitudes.</p>
-
-    <p class="indent0">A National Geographic camera mounted above the gondola took this
-      remarkable photograph at 102,800 feet.</p>
-  </blockquote>
-
-  <div class="right small">MS Ektachrome National Geographic Society</div>
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_26">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_39">Transcription of Fig. 39</div>
-  <div class="center">Loss of MR Equipment</div>
-  <div>WCUSS-22<span class="center">WCRDB-4 19</span><span class="right">Jan 56</span><br />
-    ATTN: Mr. R.L. Mason <span class="right">Lt. Nielsen/1bc</span><br />
-    <span class="right">Ext. 2-4194/B.33</span></div>
-
-  <p>1. On 17 November 1955, an anthropomorphic dummy, B-15 jacket and
-    a stop watch were lost during a high altitude dummy drop from a
-    balloon at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico.</p>
-
-  <p>2. The drop was performed to determine the effectiveness of a
-    two stage personnel parachute in lowering a man-like dummy from
-    85,000 feet. The test was part of a continuing task “High Altitude
-    Escape Studies”, 7218-71719. The point at which the dummy reached
-    the ground was not known to the recovery crews at the time and an
-    extensive search lasting through the first week of December 1955
-    failed to discover the lost items.</p>
-
-  <p>3. Lost are:</p>
-
-  <p class="indent2">a. 1 ea., dummy, anthropomorphic, Sierra Engineering Co. model 120,
-      stock no. 3500-NL-30010,</p>
-
-  <p class="indent2">b. 1 ea., jacket, B-15, spec. 3220, size 36, stock no. 8415-269-0512,</p>
-
-  <p class="indent2">c. 1 ea., stop watch, Fisher Scientific Co. P/N 14-646, stock no.
-    8TAA 98545.</p>
-
-  <p>4. Because of the loss of these items as a result of a test, it is
-    requested that Lt. Henry P. Nielsen be relieved of the responsibility
-    for these items.</p>
-
-  <div class="ml50 mt2">
-    HARVEY E. SAVELY<br />
-    Chief, Biophysics Branch<br />
-    Aero. Medical Laboratory<br />
-    Directorate of Research<br />
-    <br />
-    CONCURRENCE:
-  </div>
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_39">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_42">Transcription of Figs. 42 &amp; 43</div>
-  <div><b>WADC TECHNICAL REPORT 57-477<br />PART I.<br />ASTLA DOCUMENT No. AD 130965</b></div>
-
-  <div class="center mt10">
-    <div class="large sans"><b>HIGH ALTITUDE BALLOON DUMMY DROPS</b></div>
-    <div class="sans"><b>PART I. THE UNSTABILIZED DUMMY DROPS</b></div>
-
-    <div class="mt10"><i>RAYMOND A. MADSON, 1ST LT., USAF</i></div>
-
-    <div class="mt2"><i>AERO MEDICAL LABORATORY</i></div>
-
-    <div class="mt10">OCTOBER 1957</div>
-
-    <div class="mt10">WRIGHT AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER</div>
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="mt10"><b>WADC TECHNICAL REPORT 57-477 (II)</b></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="center mt10">
-    <div class="large sans"><b>HIGH ALTITUDE BALLOON DUMMY DROPS</b></div>
-    <div class="sans"><b>II: THE STABILIZED DUMMY DROPS</b></div>
-
-    <div class="mt10"><i>RAYMOND A. MADSON, 1ST/LT, USAF</i></div>
-
-    <div class="mt2"><i>LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS LABORATORY</i><br />
-      <i>AEROSPACE MEDICAL LABORATORY</i></div>
-
-    <div class="mt10">AUGUST 1961</div>
-
-    <div class="mt10">AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS DIVISION<br />
-      AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND<br />
-      UNITED STATES AIR FORCE<br />
-      WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO</div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_42">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_3b">Transcription of Fig. 3</div>
-  <p class="noindent">Maybe these con men didn’t know a flying saucer<br />from a hole in
-    the ground. But they used both<br />to sucker their victims. They were
-    almost $100,000 ahead<br />when TRUE’s reporter broke the amazing case
-    of the ...</p>
-
-  <div class="ml30"><span class="xxlarge"><b><i>Flying Saucer<br />Swindlers</i></b></span>
-    <br /><br />By J. P. CAHN</div>
-
-  <div class="mt2">[Start of article...]</div>
-
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_2_3">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_4">Transcription of Fig. 4</div>
-  <div class="center sans lh2">
-    the<br />
-    <span class="xxlarge">FLYING<br />
-    SAUCERS</span><br />
-    and the<br />
-    <span class="xxlarge">MYSTERIOUS<br />
-    LITTLE MEN</span><br />
-    by<br />
-    <span class="large">J. P. CAHN</span>
-  </div>
-
-  <p class="noindent"><b>Had flying saucers manned by crews three feet tall actually landed
-    on Earth? That was the question. This is how TRUE and Mr. Cahn
-    found the answer</b></p>
-
-  <p>For four months, across 4,500 miles and
-    five western states, I tracked down visitors from the planet Venus.
-  </p>
-
-  <p>It was a fantastic assignment. The story
-    I was to dig up if I could was the weirdest that
-    any reporter could dream of having handed to
-    him. If I found the Venusians, I couldn’t
-    interview them, even if I knew how to speak their language.
-    For they were dead, those strange little beings, from
-    unknown causes—half of their number crisped by heat to a
-    dark brown color.</p>
-
-  <p>They’d come out of the sky in flying saucers.
-    My job was to bring their story down to earth.</p>
-
-  <p>I got it—their full inside story. And though I didn’t
-    find the dead Venusians, I uncovered some rather fantastic
-    living characters....</p>
-
-  <p>On the crest of the wave of public excitement
-    about flying saucers in the spring of 1950 came news from the West
-    that topped any of the hundreds of saucer reports that had been
-    recorded up to that time. Newspapers everywhere printed and reprinted
-    the rumour that, in Denver, several businessmen had been shown
-    pieces of metal, small gears, and a curious little radio set.
-    These things, it was said, had been taken from a fallen
-    flying saucer.</p>
-
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_2_4">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <hr class="tr" />
-  <div class="transcription" id="trans_27">Transcription of Fig. 27</div>
-  <div class="center"><b>CLINICAL RECORD COVER SHEET&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8511</b></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">1. ADMISSION NOTES<br />
-    <span class="ml5">1045 hrs</span><br />
-    <span class="ml5">A or N: No</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">2. WARD<br />
-    <span class="ml5">1</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">3. TYPE OF CASE<br />
-    <span class="ml5">IRJ</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">4. LAST NAME—FIRST NAME—MIDDLE INITIAL<br />
-    <span class="ml5">FULGHAM Dan D</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">5. SEX<br />
-    <span class="ml5">M</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">6. Religion<br />
-    <span class="ml5">P</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">7. PREV. ADM.<br />
-    <span class="ml5">NO</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">8. REGISTER NO.<br />
-    <span class="ml5">16059</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">9. SERVICE NO.<br />
-    <span class="ml5">44734A</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">10. GRADE<br />
-    <span class="ml5">Capt</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">11. RATING OR DESIG.<br />
-    <span class="ml5">Sr Pilot</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">12. DEPARTMENT<br />
-    <span class="ml5">Air Force</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">13. ORGANIZATION AND BRANCH OF SERVICE<br />
-    <span class="ml5">ARDC Wright Patterson(a)</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">14. FLYING STATUS<br />
-    <span class="ml5">Yes</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">15. NAME AND ADDRESS OF EMERGENCY ADDRESSEE<br />
-    <span class="ml5">Joyce Fulgham (W)</span><br />
-    <span class="ml5">5540 Gross Drive Dayton Ohio</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">16. AGE<br />
-    <span class="ml5">31</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">17. RACE<br />
-    <span class="ml5">Cau</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">18. LENGTH OF SERVICE<br />
-    <span class="ml5">12 yrs</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">19. DATE OF ADMISSION<br />
-    <span class="ml5">12 May 59</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">20. SOURCE OF ADMISSION<br />
-    <span class="ml5">From duty</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">21. ADMITTING OFFICER<br />
-    <span class="ml5">L. E. Eason Capt USAF MC</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">22. CONTINUATION OF ITEMS 12 AND 20.<br />
-    <span class="ml5">(a) AFB, Ohio</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">23. DIAGNOSES<br />
-    <span class="ml5">8715 Hematoma, traumatic, n.e.c. forehead LD: Pending AF Form 348</span><br /><br />
-    <span class="ml5">AI: Approximately 0600 hours, 21 May 1959, North of Roswell,</span><br />
-    <span class="ml10">New Mexico, patient states he was taking part in a military</span><br />
-    <span class="ml10">project involving balloon testing. When he and two others</span><br />
-    <span class="ml10">landed in the balloon the “gondola” upset, and hit him in</span><br />
-    <span class="ml10">the head causing injury.</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">24. OPERATIONS AND SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES<br />
-    <span class="ml5">None</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">25. SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE DATA<br />
-    <span class="ml5">None</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">26. PHYSICAL PROFILE</div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">27. DATE DURATION THIS FACILITY<br />
-    <span class="ml5">ALL 3 IN HOSPITAL OR INFIRMARY 3</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">28. NATURE OF DISPOSITION<br />
-    <span class="ml5">Duty</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">29. DATE OF DISPOSITION<br />
-    <span class="ml5">24 May 59</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">30. SIGNATURE OF ATTENDING PHYSICIAN<br />
-  <span class="ml5">LESLIE E EASON CAPT USAF HC</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">31. SIGNATURE OF REGISTRAR OR RECORDS OFFICER<br />
-    <span class="ml5">ROLAND E DOZOIS CWD W-3 USAF</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">32. NAME AND LOCATION OF MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITY<br />
-    <span class="ml5">6580TH USAF HOSPITAL HOLLOMAN AFB NM</span></div>
-
-  <div class="mt1">33. REGISTER NUMBER<br />
-    <span class="ml5">16059</span></div>
-
-  <div class="link mt2"><a href="#Fig_2_27">Return to image</a></div>
-
-  <div class="transnote">
-    <div class="large center mb2"><b>Transcriber’s Notes:</b></div>
-    <ul class="spaced">
-      <li>Blank pages have been removed.</li>
-      <li>There are two types of footnotes: numbered footnotes are listed in the “Notes”
-        sections, and starred footnotes appear immediately following the paragraph they
-        refer to.</li>
-      <li>Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.</li>
-      <li>Illustration internal text is replicated in the external caption, more extensive
-        text is replicated in linked transcriptions at the end of the book.</li>
-      <li>Text transcribed from images or documents has been left as is.</li>
-    </ul>
-  </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of Project Gutenberg's The Roswell Report: Case Closed, by James McAndrew
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author	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-04 10:28:00 -0800
committer	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-04 10:28:00 -0800
commit	53978b6300d343947dc3404bd225a1cd29e95896 (patch)
tree	cbb321f84d60448e6124c011e3f4f21d059fb6eb
parent	a66920d7247863ff628b0aaec745b3b83d8feab9 (diff)