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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19bb491 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #63216 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63216) diff --git a/old/63216-0.txt b/old/63216-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0fb3fdb..0000000 --- a/old/63216-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,893 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The West Indies: Being a Description of the -Islands, Progress of Christianity, Educatio, by Nancy Gardner Prince - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The West Indies: Being a Description of the Islands, Progress of Christianity, Education, and Liberty Among the Colored Population Generally - -Author: Nancy Gardner Prince - -Release Date: September 16, 2020 [EBook #63216] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WEST INDIES *** - - - - -Produced by Mary Glenn Krause and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by the -Library of Congress) - - - - - - - - - - - THE WEST INDIES: - - BEING A DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLANDS, - - PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY, EDUCATION, - AND LIBERTY - - AMONG THE COLORED POPULATION GENERALLY. - - [Illustration] - - _BY MRS. NANCY PRINCE._ - - BOSTON: - DOW & JACKSON, PRINTERS, 14 DEVONSHIRE ST. - 1841. - - - - -WEST INDIES. - - -A denomination under which is comprehended a large chain of islands, -extended in a curve from the Florida shore on the northern peninsula of -America, to the Gulf of Venezuela on the southern. These islands belong -to five European powers, viz. Great Britain, Spain, France, Holland and -Denmark. An inhabitant of New England can form no idea of the climate and -the productions of these islands. Many of the particulars that are here -mentioned, are peculiar to them all. - -The climate in all the West India Islands is nearly the same, allowing -for those accidental differences, which the several situations and -qualities of the lands themselves produce; as they lie within the tropic -of Cancer, and the sun often is almost at the meridian, over their heads, -they are continually subjected to a heat that would be intolerable, -but for the trade winds, which are so refreshing, as to enable the -inhabitants to attend to their concerns, even under a noon-day sun: as -the night advances, a breeze begins to be perceived, which blows smartly -from the land, as it were, from the centre towards the sea, to all points -of the compass at once. The rains make the only distinction of seasons in -these islands. The trees are green the year round; they have no cold, or -frost; our heaviest rains are but dews, comparatively: with them, floods -of water are poured from the clouds. About May, the periodical rains from -the South may be expected. After then the tropical summer in all its -splendor. The nights are calm and serene, the moon shines more brightly -than in New England, as do the planets, and the beautiful galaxy. -From the middle of August to the end of September, the heat is most -oppressive, the sea breeze is interrupted, and calms warn the inhabitants -of the periodical rains; which fall in torrents about the beginning of -October. - - - - -JAMAICA, - - -The most considerable and valuable of the British West India Islands, -lies between the 75th and the 79th degrees of west longitude from London, -and between 17 and 18 north latitude; it is of an oval figure, 150 -miles long, from East to West, and about 60 miles broad in the middle, -containing 4,080,000 acres. An elevated ridge, called the Blue Mountains, -runs lengthwise from East to West, whence numerous rivers take their rise -on both sides. The year is distinguished into two seasons, wet and dry. -The months of July, August and September are called the hurricane months. -The best houses are generally built low, on account of the hurricanes -and earthquakes; and the colored people’s huts made of reeds, will hold -only two or three persons. However pleasant the sun may rise, in a -moment the scene may be changed, a violent storm will suddenly arise, -attended with thunder and lightning, the rain falls in torrents, and the -seas and rivers rise with terrible destruction. I witnessed this awful -scene in June last at Kingston, the capital of Jamaica; the foundations -of many houses were destroyed; the waters, as they rushed from the -mountains, brought with them the produce of the earth, large branches of -trees, and their fruit together; many persons were drowned endeavoring -to reach their homes from their various occupations; those who reached -their homes were often obliged to travel many miles out of their usual -way. Many young children without a parent’s care, were at this time -destroyed. A poor old woman speaking of these calamities to the writer, -thus expressed herself, “not so bad now as in the time of slavery, then -God spoke very loud to _Bucker_ (the white people) to let us go. Thank -God, ever since that, they give us up, we go pray, and we have it not -so bad like as before.” I would recommend this poor woman’s remark to -the fair sons and daughters of America, the land of the pilgrims. “Then -God spoke very loud.” May these words be engraved on the post of every -door; in this land of New England God speaks very loud, and while his -judgments are in the earth, may the inhabitants learn righteousness! -The mountains that intersect this Island seem composed of rocks thrown -up by frequent earthquakes or volcanoes. These rocks, though having -little soil, are adorned with a great variety of beautiful trees, growing -from the fissures, which are nourished by frequent rains, and flourish -in perpetual spring. From these mountains flow a vast number of small -rivers of pure water, which sometimes fall in cataracts, from stupendous -heights; these, with the brilliant verdure of the trees, form a most -delightful landscape. Ridges of smaller mountains are on each side of -this great chain; on these, coffee grows in great abundance; the valleys -or plains between these ridges, are level beyond what is usually found -in similar situations. The highest land in the Island is Blue mountain -Peak, 7150 feet above the sea. The most extensive plain is 30 miles long -and 5 broad. Black river, in the Parish of St. Elizabeth, is the only one -navigable; flat-boats bring down produce from plantations about 30 miles -up the river. Along the coast, and on the plains the weather is very hot; -but in the mountains, the air is pure and wholesome; the longest days in -summer are about thirteen hours, and the shortest in winter about eleven. -In the plains are found several salt fountains, and in the mountains, -not far from Spanish Town, is a hot bath of great medicinal virtues; -this gives relief in the complaint called the dry bowels malady, which, -excepting the bilious and yellow fevers, is one of the most terrible -distempers of Jamaica. The general produce of this Island is sugar, -rum, molasses, ginger, cotton, indigo, pimento, cocoa, coffees, several -kinds of woods, and medicinal drugs. Fruits are in great plenty, as -oranges, lemons, shaddocks, citrons, pomegranates, pine-apples, melons, -pompions, guavas, and many others. Here are trees whose wood, when dry, -is incorruptible; here is found the wild cinnamon tree, the mahogany, the -cabbage, the palm, yielding an oil much esteemed for food and medicine. -Here too is the soap tree, whose berries are useful in washing. The -plantain is produced in Jamaica in abundance, and is one of the most -agreeable and nutritious vegetables in the world: it grows about four -feet in height, and the fruit grows in clusters, which is filled with a -luscious sweet pulp. The Banana is very similar to the plantain, but not -so sweet. The whole Island is divided into three counties, Middlesex, -Surry, and Cornwall, and these into six towns, twenty parishes, and -twenty-seven villages. - -This Island was originally part of the Spanish Empire in America, but it -was taken by the English in 1656. Cromwell had fitted out a squadron -under Penn and Venables, to reduce the Spanish Island of Hispaniola, but -there this squadron was unsuccessful, and the commanders, of their own -accord, to atone for this misfortune, made a descent on Jamaica, and -having arrived at St. Jago, soon compelled the whole Island to surrender. -Ever since, it has been subject to the English, and the government, next -to that of Ireland, is the richest in the disposal of the crown. Point -Royal was formerly the capital of Jamaica, it stood upon the point of -a narrow neck of land, which towards the sea, forms part of the border -of a very fine harbor of its own name. The conveniences of this harbor, -which was capable of containing a thousand sail of large ships, and -of such depth as to allow them to load and unload with the greatest -ease, weighed so much with the inhabitants, that they chose to build -their capital on this spot, although the place was a hot dry sand, and -produced none of the necessaries of life, not even fresh water. About -the beginning of the year 1692, no place for its size could be compared -to this town for trade, wealth, and an entire corruption of manners. -In the month of June in this year, an earthquake which shook the whole -Island to the foundation, totally overwhelmed this city, so as to leave, -in one quarter, not even the smallest vestige remaining. In two minutes -the earth opened and swallowed up nine-tenths of the houses, and two -thousand people. The waters gushed out from the openings of the earth, -and tumbled the people on heaps: some of them had the good fortune to -catch hold of beams and rafters of houses, and were afterwards saved by -boats. Several ships were cast away in the harbor, and the Swan Frigate, -which lay in the Dock, was carried over the tops of sinking houses, and -did not overset, but afforded a retreat to some hundreds of people, who -saved their lives upon her. An officer who was in the town, at that -time, says the earth opened and shut very quick in some places, and he -saw several people sink down to the middle, and others appeared with -their heads just above ground, and were squeezed to death. At Savannah -above a thousand acres were sunk with the houses and people in them, -the places appearing, for some time, like a lake; this was afterwards -dried up, but no houses were seen. In some parts mountains were split, -and at one place a plantation was removed to the distance of a mile. The -inhabitants again rebuilt the city, but it was a second time, ten years -after, destroyed by a great fire. The extraordinary convenience of the -harbor tempted them to build it once more, and once more in 1722, it -was laid in rubbish by a hurricane, the most terrible on record. Such -repeated calamities seemed to mark out this spot as a devoted place; -the inhabitants therefore resolved to forsake it forever, and to reside -at the opposite bay where they built Kingston, which is now the capital -of the Island. In going up to Kingston, we pass over the part of and -between Port Royal, leaving the mountains on the left, and a small town -on the right. There are many handsome houses built there, one story high, -with porticoes, and every convenience for those who are rich enough to -live in them. Not far from Kingston stands Spanish Town, which though -at present is inferior to Kingston, was once the capital of Jamaica, -and is still the seat of Government. On the 3d of October, 1780, there -was a dreadful hurricane, which overwhelmed the little sea-port town of -Savannah la mer, in Jamaica, and part of the adjacent country: very few -houses were left standing, and a great number of lives were lost, much -damage was done also, and many lives lost in other parts of the Island. -The same writer says, the misery and hardships of the slaves were truly -moving; the ill treatment which they received so shortened their lives, -that there is no natural increase of their numbers; many thousand are -annually imported to supply the place of those who pine and die with -the hardships which they receive. It is said, that they are stubborn, -and must be ruled with a rod of iron: it must be borne in mind, that -their tyrants are themselves the dregs of the English nation, and the -refuse of the jails of Europe. In January, 1823, a Society was formed -in London, for mitigating and gradually abolishing slavery, throughout -the British dominions, called the Anti-Slavery Society. His Royal -Highness, the Duke of Gloucester, was President of the Society, in the -list of vice-presidents are the names of many of the most distinguished -philanthropists of the day, and among them, that of the never to be -forgotten Mr. Wilberforce; as a bold champion, we see him going forward, -pleading the cause of our down trodden brethren. In the year 1834, it -pleased God to break the chains from 800,000 human beings that had -been held in a state of personal slavery; and this great event was -effected through the instrumentality of Clarkson, Wilberforce, and other -philanthropists of the day. The population of Jamaica is nearly 400,000, -that of Kingston, the capital, 40,000. There are many places of worship -of various denominations, namely, church of England, and of Scotland, -Wesleyan, the Baptists and Roman Catholics, besides a Jewish Synagogue. -These all differ from those in New England, and from those I have seen -elsewhere. The Baptists hold what they call class-meetings. They have -men and women, deacons and deaconesses in these churches; these hold -separate class-meetings, some of these can read and some cannot. These -are the persons who hold the office of judges, and go round and urge the -people to come at the class, and after they come in twice or three times -they are considered candidates for baptism. Some pay fifty cents, and -some more, for being baptized. The churches take nothing after they are -baptized, they receive a ticket as a passport into the church, paying one -mark, a quarter, or more, and some less, but nothing short of tenpence, -that is, two English shillings a year. They must attend their class once -a week, and pay three pence a week, total twelve English shillings a -year, besides the sums they pay once a month at communion, after service -in the morning. On those occasions the minister retires, and the deacons -examine the people to ascertain if each one has brought a ticket, if -not, they cannot commune; after this, the minister returns and performs -the ceremony, then they give their money, and go. The churches are very -large, holding from four to six thousand, many bring wood and other -presents to their class-leader as a token of their attachment; where -there are so many communicants, these presents, and the money exacted, -must greatly enrich these establishments. I know two who have left their -homes to live with their class-leaders, in order to have her prayers; -most of the communicants are so ignorant of the ordinance that they join -the church merely to have a decent burial; for if they are not members -none will follow them to the grave, no prayers will be said over them; -these are borne through the streets by four men, the coffin a rough box; -not so if they are church members; as soon as the news spreads that one -is dying, all the class with their leader will assemble at the place, -and join in singing hymns; this, they say, is to help the spirit up to -glory; this exercise sometimes continues all night, in so loud a strain, -that it is seldom that any can sleep in the neighborhood.—The next day -they bury their dead, the corpse is borne by four bearers, some of the -deacons preceding, and a great company of men and women following, the -women first, dressed in white, with a strip of white cotton bound round -the head, and falling to the ground. After they have buried their dead, -the company return to the house and have a regular wake: they believe the -spirit of the deceased is present with them for nine days, and they leave -a place for them at the table, and pay them all the attention they give -to the visible guests. - -There is in Jamaica an institution, established in 1836, and called -the Mico Institution; it is named after its founder, Madame Mico, who -left a large sum of money to purchase, (or rather to ransom, the one -being a Christian act, the other a sin against the Holy Ghost, who -expressly forbids such traffic;) thus having corrected myself, I will -resume. Madame Mico left this money to ransom the English who were in -bondage to the Algerines; if there were any left, it was to be devoted -to the instruction of the colored people in the British Islands; at -this institution, six adults, men and women, are prepared for teachers. -Whole number taught since the commencement 485—there is a day school for -children, 29 is the regular number—whole number 2,491—Sabbath Schools 9, -whole number taught 6,654—the adults and the Sunday scholars have to pay -one Mack a month. Besides the Mico establishment, there are in Jamaica 27 -Church Missionary Schools, where 2,461 children are taught gratis. Adult -schools, 5—whole number taught, 475. Sabbath Schools 14—whole number -taught, 1,952. London Missionary Society Schools, 16—whole number taught -not ascertained. National Schools, 38—whole number taught, 2,500. - -The Wesleyan, Presbyterian and Moravian schools, besides these; it is -supposed there are private schools where three or four thousand are -educated in the city of Kingston, and twice that number in the streets, -without the means of education. All the children and adults taught in -the above named schools, are taxed £1 a year, except the English Church -school, this is the most liberal. The Rev. Mr. Horton, a Baptist minister -in Kingston, told me he had sent 90 children away from the Baptist -school, because they did not bring their money. It is sufficient to say -they had it not to bring! - -Most of the people of Jamaica are emancipated slaves, many of them are -old, worn out, and degraded. Those who are able to work, have yet many -obstacles to contend with, and very little to encourage them; every -advantage is taken of their ignorance; the same spirit of cruelty is -opposed to them as held them for centuries in bondage; even religious -teaching is bartered for their hard earnings, while they are allowed -but 33 cents a day, and are told if they will not work for that, they -shall not work at all; an extortionary price is asked of them for every -thing they may wish to purchase, even their Bibles are sold to them at -a large advance on the first purchase. Where are their apologists, if -they are found wanting in the strict morals that Christians ought to -practice? Who kindly says forgive them when they err? “forgive them, this -is the bitter fruit of slavery.” Who has integrity sufficient to hold -the balance when these poor people are to be weighed? Yet their present -state is blissful compared with slavery. Many of the farmers bring their -produce twenty or thirty miles. Some have horses or poneys, but most of -them bring their burdens on their heads. As I returned from St. Andrews -mountain, where I had been sent for by a Mr. Rose, I was overtaken by -a respectable looking man, on horseback; we rode about ten miles in -company. The story he told me of the wrongs he and his wife had endured -while in slavery, are too horrible to narrate. My heart sickens when I -think of it. He asked me many questions, such as where I came from? why -I came to that Island? where had I lived? &c.—I told him I was sent for -by one of the missionaries to help him in his school. Indeed, said he, -our color need the instruction. I asked him why the colored people did -not hire themselves?—we would be very glad to, he replied, but our money -is taken from us so fast we cannot. Sometimes they say we must all bring -1 £; to raise this, we have to sell at a loss, or to borrow, so that we -have nothing left for ourselves, the macaroon hunters take all—this is -a nickname they give the missionaries and the class-leaders—a cutting -sarcasm this! Arrived at a tavern about a mile from Kingston, I bade the -man adieu, and stopped for my guide. The inn-keeper kindly invited me in. -He asked me several questions. I asked him as many. How do the people get -along said I, since the emancipation? The negroes, he replied, will have -the Island in spite of the devil. Do not you see how they live, and how -much they can bear? we cannot do so. This man was an Englishman, with -a large family of mulatto children. In May, the 18th, I attended the -Baptist missionary meeting in Queen St. Chapel. The house was crowded. -Several ministers spoke of the importance of sending the gospel to -Africa; they complimented the congregation on their liberality the last -year, when they gave one hundred pounds sterling; they hoped this year -they would give five hundred pounds, as there were five thousand members -at the present time. There was but one colored minister on the stand. -It is generally the policy of these missionaries to have the sanction -of colored ministers, to all their assessments and taxes. The colored -people give more readily, and are less suspicious of imposition, if one -from themselves recommends the measure. This the missionaries understand -very well, and know how to take advantage of it. Wednesday, June 22d and -23d, the colored Baptists held their missionary meeting, the number of -ministers, colored and mulattoes was 18, the colored magistrates were -present. The resolutions that were offered were unanimously accepted, and -every thing was done in love and harmony.—After taking up a contribution, -they concluded with song and prayer, and returned home, saying jocosely, -they would turn macaroon hunters.—Mack is the name of a small coin in -circulation at Jamaica. I called, on my return, at the market and counted -the different stalls. For vegetables and poultry, 196, all numbered, and -under cover; besides 70 on the ground. These are all attended by colored -women. The market is conveniently arranged, as they can close the gates -and leave all safe. There are 19 stalls for fresh fish, 18 for pork, -30 for beef, 18 for turtle. These are all regular built markets, and -all kept by colored men and women. These are all in one place. Besides, -others may be found, as with us, all over the city. Thus it may be hoped, -they are not the lying, stupid set of beings they have been called, but -are enterprising and quick in their perceptions, determined to possess -themselves, and to possess property besides, and quite able to take -care of themselves. They wished to know why I was so inquisitive about -them, I told them we have heard in America that you are lazy, and that -emancipation has been no benefit to you; I wish to inform myself of the -truth respecting you, and give a true representation of you on my return. -Am I right? More than two hundred people were around me listening to what -I said. They thanked me heartily, I gave them some tracts, and told them -if it so pleased God, I would come back to them, and bring them some -more books, and try what could be done with some of the poor children to -make them better. I then left them, and went to the East market, where -there are thousands of all kinds and nations. The Jews and Spanish looked -at me very black. The colored people gathered around me, I gave them -little books and tracts, and told them I hoped to see them again. - -There are in this street upwards of a thousand, young women and children, -living in sin of every kind. From thence, I went to the gaol, where -were 17 men, but no women—in the house of correction were three hundred -culprits. They are taken from there to work on plantations. Then I -went to the admiral’s house, where the emigrants find a shelter until -they can find employment, then they work and pay for their passage. -Many leave their homes and come to Jamaica, under the impression that -they are to have their passage free, and, on reaching the Island, are -to be found until they can provide for themselves. How the mistake -originated, I am not able to say, but on arriving here, strangers, poor, -and unacclimated, the debt for passage-money is hard and unexpected; it -is remarkable that wherever they come from, whether fresh from Africa, -from the other Islands, from the South or from New England, they all -feel deceived on this point. I called on many Americans and found them -poor and discontented, rueing the day they left their country, where, -notwithstanding many obstacles, their parents had lived and died, which -they had helped to conquer with their toil and blood. - -“Now shall their children stray abroad and starve in foreign lands.”—I -left America November 16th, 1840, in the ship Scion, Captain Mansfield, -bound for Jamaica, freighted with ice and machinery for the silk factory. -There were on board a number of handicraft-men and other passengers. We -sailed on Monday afternoon, from Charlestown, Mass. It rained continually -until Saturday. Sunday the 23d was a fine day. Mr. De Grass, a young -colored clergyman, was invited to perform divine service, which he did -with much propriety; he spoke of the dangers we had escaped, and the -importance of being prepared to meet our God, (he died of fever about -three weeks after arriving at Jamaica,) some who were able to attend came -on deck and listened to him with respect, while others seemed to look -on in derision; these spent the afternoon and evening in card-playing. -About twelve at night, a storm commenced; on Monday we were in great -peril; the storm continued until Friday the 27th. On that day a sail was -seen at some distance making towards us, the captain judging her to be a -piratical vessel, ordered the women and children below, and the men to -prepare for action—the pirates were not inclined to hazard an engagement; -when they saw the deck filled with armed men they left us. Thus were -we preserved from the storm and from the enemy. Sabbath, 29th, divine -service, our attention was directed to the goodness of God in sparing us. - -Monday,—and are we mortals still alive. Tuesday,—Thus far the Lord -has led us on. Wednesday.—Thus far his power prolongs our days. -Thursday—December 3d, to-day made Turks Island. Friday.—This day had -a view of Hayti, its lofty mountains presented a sublime prospect. -Saturday—a glance we had of Cuba. Sunday—December 6th, at six o’clock -in the evening, dropped anchor at St. Anne harbor Jamaica. We blessed -the Lord for his goodness, in sparing us to see the place of our -destination; and here I will mention my object in visiting Jamaica. I -hoped that I might aid (in some small degree) to raise up and encourage -the emancipated inhabitants, and teach the young children to read and -work, to fear God and put their trust in their Savior. Mr. Whitmarsh and -his friend came on board and welcomed us. On Tuesday we went on shore to -see the place and the people; my intention had been to go directly to -Kingston, but the people urged me so to stay with them that I thought it -my duty to comply, and wrote to Mr. Ingraham to that effect. I went first -to see the minister, Mr. Abbot, thought, as he was out, I had better wait -his return. The people promised to pay me for my services for them, or -to send me to Kingston. When Mr. Abbot returned he made me an offer I -readily accepted.—As I lodged in the house of one of the class-leaders, -I attended her class a few times, when I learned the method, I stopped. -She then commenced her authority, and gave me to understand if I did -not comply, I should not have any pay from that society. I spoke to her -of the necessity of being born of the spirit of God, before we became -members of the church of Christ, and told her I was sorry to see the -people blinded in such a way. She was very angry with me, and soon -accomplished her end, by complaining of me to the minister, and I soon -found I was to be dismissed, unless I would yield obedience to this -class-leader. I told the minister that I did not come there to be guided -by a poor foolish woman. He then told me that I had spoken something -about the necessity of moral conduct in church members. I told him I had, -and in my opinion I was sorry to see it so much neglected. He replied, -that he hoped I would not express myself so except to him; they have the -gospel, he continued, and let them come into the church. I do not approve -of women societies; those destroyed the world’s convention; the American -women have too many of them. We talked one hour. He paid me for the -time I had been there; I continued till Jan. with the same opinion that -something must be done for the elevation of the children, and it is for -that I labor. On the Sabbath the minister from the pulpit spoke unkindly -of me. This was in January. I am sorry to say the meeting house is more -like a play house, than a place of worship. The pulpit stands about the -middle of the building, behind are about six hundred children that belong -to the society; there they are placed for Sabbath School, and there they -remain until service is over, playing all the time. The house is crowded -with the aged and the young, the most part of them bare-footed. Some have -on bonnets, but most of the women wear straw hats such as our men wear. I -gave several Bibles away, not knowing that I was hurting the ministers’ -sale, the people buy them of him at a great advance. I gave up my school -at St. Ann, and on the 18th of March departed for Kingston, but took the -fever and was obliged to remain until the 7th of April. The people of St. -Ann fulfilled their promise which they made, to induce me to stop with -them—on the 11th of April I arrived at Kingston; and was conducted to the -Mico institution, where Mr. Ingraham directed me to find him; he had lost -his pulpit and his school, but Mr. Venning the teacher kindly received -me. I stayed there longer than expected; the next morning he kindly sent -one of the young men with me to the packet for my baggage. I then called -on the American Consul, he told me he was very glad to see me for such -a purpose as I had in view in visiting Jamaica, but he said it was a -folly for the Americans to come to the Island to better their condition; -he said they came to him every day praying him to send them home. He -likewise mentioned to me the great mortality amongst the emigrants. -This same day I saw Mr. O——, one of our missionaries, who wished me to -accompany him forty miles into the interior of the country. This same -day I saw Mr. Henshaw. On Saturday the 17th I received a letter from Fem -Hill, in the county of St. Andrews, to come and assist Mr. Ross in one of -the Mico schools; they sent for me and I went to see them, but took no -part in the school. I saw Mr. Henshaw there. The day he left Jamaica for -the United States, I begged him to tell the colored people of America not -to go to Jamaica, for they would find themselves deceived. After a week -I returned to Kingston with my mind fully settled what to do. I spent -three weeks at the Mico establishment, and three weeks with my colored -friends from America. On the 21st of April, I called to see Mr. Horton, a -minister. He was much surprised to see me, and had much to say about my -color, and showed much commiseration for my misfortune at being so black. -My personal narrative I have placed last in this pamphlet, as of least -consequence. I flatter myself my voyage to Jamaica has not been in vain. -A door of usefulness seems opened to me there, with a zealous friend. And -with the aid of the benevolent, I propose to establish at Kingston, or -in the vicinity, an asylum for the orphan and the out-cast, where they -may be taught without money and without price. To effect this, I have -returned to this country to solicit aid, and trust I shall not ask in -vain. The colored people of these United States are induced to remove to -Jamaica, in consequence of the flattering offers made to them, to induce -them to emigrate. Since my return they have been inquisitive to learn -from me something respecting the place, and the people I have been among. -For these inquiries I have written this book, that they may have the -advantage of what information I have collected, and knowing the truth, -they may no longer be deceived. - - NANCY PRINCE. - -NOTE. On page 9, line 21, it is said that there are six adults preparing -for teachers in the Mico institution; it should have said 15; and that -the whole number of teachers so prepared is 485—but the number is not -really known. In this institution none are received except they can read -and write, and bring good recommendations of their piety. A number have -finished, and are teachers in different parts of the Island. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The West Indies: Being a Description -of the Islands, Progress of Christia, by Nancy Gardner Prince - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WEST INDIES *** - -***** This file should be named 63216-0.txt or 63216-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/2/1/63216/ - -Produced by Mary Glenn Krause and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by the -Library of Congress) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The West Indies: Being a Description of the Islands, Progress of Christianity, Education, and Liberty Among the Colored Population Generally - -Author: Nancy Gardner Prince - -Release Date: September 16, 2020 [EBook #63216] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WEST INDIES *** - - - - -Produced by Mary Glenn Krause and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by the -Library of Congress) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span></p> - -<h1>THE WEST INDIES:</h1> - -<p class="titlepage smaller">BEING A DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLANDS,</p> - -<p class="titlepage">PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY, EDUCATION, -AND LIBERTY</p> - -<p class="titlepage">AMONG THE COLORED POPULATION GENERALLY.</p> - -<div class="figcenter titlepage" style="width: 300px;"> -<img src="images/titlepage-detail.jpg" width="300" height="300" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="titlepage"><i>BY MRS. NANCY PRINCE.</i></p> - -<p class="titlepage">BOSTON:<br /> -DOW & JACKSON, PRINTERS, 14 DEVONSHIRE ST.<br /> -1841.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="WEST_INDIES">WEST INDIES.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>A denomination under which is comprehended a large -chain of islands, extended in a curve from the Florida shore -on the northern peninsula of America, to the Gulf of Venezuela -on the southern. These islands belong to five European -powers, viz. Great Britain, Spain, France, Holland -and Denmark. An inhabitant of New England can form -no idea of the climate and the productions of these islands. -Many of the particulars that are here mentioned, are peculiar -to them all.</p> - -<p>The climate in all the West India Islands is nearly the -same, allowing for those accidental differences, which the -several situations and qualities of the lands themselves -produce; as they lie within the tropic of Cancer, and the -sun often is almost at the meridian, over their heads, they -are continually subjected to a heat that would be intolerable, -but for the trade winds, which are so refreshing, as to -enable the inhabitants to attend to their concerns, even under -a noon-day sun: as the night advances, a breeze begins -to be perceived, which blows smartly from the land, as it -were, from the centre towards the sea, to all points of the -compass at once. The rains make the only distinction of seasons -in these islands. The trees are green the year round; -they have no cold, or frost; our heaviest rains are but dews, -comparatively: with them, floods of water are poured from -the clouds. About May, the periodical rains from the -South may be expected. After then the tropical summer -in all its splendor. The nights are calm and serene, the -moon shines more brightly than in New England, as do the -planets, and the beautiful galaxy. From the middle of August -to the end of September, the heat is most oppressive, -the sea breeze is interrupted, and calms warn the inhabitants -of the periodical rains; which fall in torrents about -the beginning of October.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="JAMAICA">JAMAICA,</h2> - -</div> - -<p>The most considerable and valuable of the British West -India Islands, lies between the 75th and the 79th degrees -of west longitude from London, and between 17 and 18 -north latitude; it is of an oval figure, 150 miles long, from -East to West, and about 60 miles broad in the middle, containing -4,080,000 acres. An elevated ridge, called the Blue -Mountains, runs lengthwise from East to West, whence -numerous rivers take their rise on both sides. The year is -distinguished into two seasons, wet and dry. The months -of July, August and September are called the hurricane -months. The best houses are generally built low, on account -of the hurricanes and earthquakes; and the colored -people’s huts made of reeds, will hold only two or three -persons. However pleasant the sun may rise, in a moment -the scene may be changed, a violent storm will suddenly -arise, attended with thunder and lightning, the rain falls in -torrents, and the seas and rivers rise with terrible destruction. -I witnessed this awful scene in June last at Kingston, -the capital of Jamaica; the foundations of many houses -were destroyed; the waters, as they rushed from the mountains, -brought with them the produce of the earth, large -branches of trees, and their fruit together; many persons -were drowned endeavoring to reach their homes from their -various occupations; those who reached their homes were -often obliged to travel many miles out of their usual way. -Many young children without a parent’s care, were at this -time destroyed. A poor old woman speaking of these -calamities to the writer, thus expressed herself, “not so bad -now as in the time of slavery, then God spoke very loud to -<i>Bucker</i> (the white people) to let us go. Thank God, ever -since that, they give us up, we go pray, and we have it -not so bad like as before.” I would recommend this poor -woman’s remark to the fair sons and daughters of America, -the land of the pilgrims. “Then God spoke very loud.” -May these words be engraved on the post of every door; -in this land of New England God speaks very loud, and -while his judgments are in the earth, may the inhabitants -learn righteousness! The mountains that intersect this Island -seem composed of rocks thrown up by frequent earthquakes<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -or volcanoes. These rocks, though having little -soil, are adorned with a great variety of beautiful trees, -growing from the fissures, which are nourished by frequent -rains, and flourish in perpetual spring. From these mountains -flow a vast number of small rivers of pure water, -which sometimes fall in cataracts, from stupendous heights; -these, with the brilliant verdure of the trees, form a most -delightful landscape. Ridges of smaller mountains are on -each side of this great chain; on these, coffee grows in great -abundance; the valleys or plains between these ridges, are -level beyond what is usually found in similar situations. -The highest land in the Island is Blue mountain Peak, -7150 feet above the sea. The most extensive plain is 30 -miles long and 5 broad. Black river, in the Parish of St. -Elizabeth, is the only one navigable; flat-boats bring down -produce from plantations about 30 miles up the river. -Along the coast, and on the plains the weather is very hot; -but in the mountains, the air is pure and wholesome; the -longest days in summer are about thirteen hours, and the -shortest in winter about eleven. In the plains are found -several salt fountains, and in the mountains, not far from -Spanish Town, is a hot bath of great medicinal virtues; -this gives relief in the complaint called the dry bowels malady, -which, excepting the bilious and yellow fevers, is one -of the most terrible distempers of Jamaica. The general -produce of this Island is sugar, rum, molasses, ginger, cotton, -indigo, pimento, cocoa, coffees, several kinds of woods, -and medicinal drugs. Fruits are in great plenty, as oranges, -lemons, shaddocks, citrons, pomegranates, pine-apples, -melons, pompions, guavas, and many others. Here are -trees whose wood, when dry, is incorruptible; here is found -the wild cinnamon tree, the mahogany, the cabbage, the -palm, yielding an oil much esteemed for food and medicine. -Here too is the soap tree, whose berries are useful in washing. -The plantain is produced in Jamaica in abundance, -and is one of the most agreeable and nutritious vegetables -in the world: it grows about four feet in height, and the -fruit grows in clusters, which is filled with a luscious sweet -pulp. The Banana is very similar to the plantain, but not -so sweet. The whole Island is divided into three counties, -Middlesex, Surry, and Cornwall, and these into six towns, -twenty parishes, and twenty-seven villages.</p> - -<p>This Island was originally part of the Spanish Empire -in America, but it was taken by the English in 1656.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -Cromwell had fitted out a squadron under Penn and Venables, -to reduce the Spanish Island of Hispaniola, but there -this squadron was unsuccessful, and the commanders, of -their own accord, to atone for this misfortune, made a descent -on Jamaica, and having arrived at St. Jago, soon -compelled the whole Island to surrender. Ever since, it -has been subject to the English, and the government, next -to that of Ireland, is the richest in the disposal of the crown. -Point Royal was formerly the capital of Jamaica, it stood -upon the point of a narrow neck of land, which towards the -sea, forms part of the border of a very fine harbor of its -own name. The conveniences of this harbor, which was -capable of containing a thousand sail of large ships, and of -such depth as to allow them to load and unload with the -greatest ease, weighed so much with the inhabitants, that -they chose to build their capital on this spot, although the -place was a hot dry sand, and produced none of the necessaries -of life, not even fresh water. About the beginning -of the year 1692, no place for its size could be compared -to this town for trade, wealth, and an entire corruption of -manners. In the month of June in this year, an earthquake -which shook the whole Island to the foundation, totally -overwhelmed this city, so as to leave, in one quarter, -not even the smallest vestige remaining. In two minutes -the earth opened and swallowed up nine-tenths of the houses, -and two thousand people. The waters gushed out -from the openings of the earth, and tumbled the people on -heaps: some of them had the good fortune to catch hold of -beams and rafters of houses, and were afterwards saved by -boats. Several ships were cast away in the harbor, and -the Swan Frigate, which lay in the Dock, was carried over -the tops of sinking houses, and did not overset, but afforded -a retreat to some hundreds of people, who saved their -lives upon her. An officer who was in the town, at that -time, says the earth opened and shut very quick in some -places, and he saw several people sink down to the middle, -and others appeared with their heads just above ground, -and were squeezed to death. At Savannah above a thousand -acres were sunk with the houses and people in them, -the places appearing, for some time, like a lake; this was -afterwards dried up, but no houses were seen. In some -parts mountains were split, and at one place a plantation -was removed to the distance of a mile. The inhabitants -again rebuilt the city, but it was a second time, ten years<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -after, destroyed by a great fire. The extraordinary convenience -of the harbor tempted them to build it once more, -and once more in 1722, it was laid in rubbish by a hurricane, -the most terrible on record. Such repeated calamities -seemed to mark out this spot as a devoted place; the -inhabitants therefore resolved to forsake it forever, and to -reside at the opposite bay where they built Kingston, which -is now the capital of the Island. In going up to Kingston, -we pass over the part of and between Port Royal, leaving -the mountains on the left, and a small town on the right. -There are many handsome houses built there, one story -high, with porticoes, and every convenience for those who -are rich enough to live in them. Not far from Kingston -stands Spanish Town, which though at present is inferior -to Kingston, was once the capital of Jamaica, and is still -the seat of Government. On the 3d of October, 1780, there -was a dreadful hurricane, which overwhelmed the little -sea-port town of Savannah la mer, in Jamaica, and part of -the adjacent country: very few houses were left standing, -and a great number of lives were lost, much damage was -done also, and many lives lost in other parts of the Island. -The same writer says, the misery and hardships of the -slaves were truly moving; the ill treatment which they received -so shortened their lives, that there is no natural increase -of their numbers; many thousand are annually imported -to supply the place of those who pine and die with -the hardships which they receive. It is said, that they are -stubborn, and must be ruled with a rod of iron: it must -be borne in mind, that their tyrants are themselves the -dregs of the English nation, and the refuse of the jails of -Europe. In January, 1823, a Society was formed in London, -for mitigating and gradually abolishing slavery, -throughout the British dominions, called the Anti-Slavery -Society. His Royal Highness, the Duke of Gloucester, was -President of the Society, in the list of vice-presidents are -the names of many of the most distinguished philanthropists -of the day, and among them, that of the never to be -forgotten Mr. Wilberforce; as a bold champion, we see -him going forward, pleading the cause of our down trodden -brethren. In the year 1834, it pleased God to break -the chains from 800,000 human beings that had been held -in a state of personal slavery; and this great event was effected -through the instrumentality of Clarkson, Wilberforce, -and other philanthropists of the day. The population of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -Jamaica is nearly 400,000, that of Kingston, the capital, -40,000. There are many places of worship of various denominations, -namely, church of England, and of Scotland, -Wesleyan, the Baptists and Roman Catholics, besides a -Jewish Synagogue. These all differ from those in New -England, and from those I have seen elsewhere. The -Baptists hold what they call class-meetings. They have -men and women, deacons and deaconesses in these churches; -these hold separate class-meetings, some of these can -read and some cannot. These are the persons who hold -the office of judges, and go round and urge the people to -come at the class, and after they come in twice or three -times they are considered candidates for baptism. Some -pay fifty cents, and some more, for being baptized. The -churches take nothing after they are baptized, they receive -a ticket as a passport into the church, paying one mark, a -quarter, or more, and some less, but nothing short of tenpence, -that is, two English shillings a year. They must -attend their class once a week, and pay three pence a week, -total twelve English shillings a year, besides the sums -they pay once a month at communion, after service in the -morning. On those occasions the minister retires, and the -deacons examine the people to ascertain if each one has -brought a ticket, if not, they cannot commune; after this, -the minister returns and performs the ceremony, then they -give their money, and go. The churches are very large, -holding from four to six thousand, many bring wood and -other presents to their class-leader as a token of their attachment; -where there are so many communicants, these -presents, and the money exacted, must greatly enrich these -establishments. I know two who have left their homes to -live with their class-leaders, in order to have her prayers; -most of the communicants are so ignorant of the ordinance -that they join the church merely to have a decent burial; -for if they are not members none will follow them to the -grave, no prayers will be said over them; these are borne -through the streets by four men, the coffin a rough box; -not so if they are church members; as soon as the news -spreads that one is dying, all the class with their leader will -assemble at the place, and join in singing hymns; this, -they say, is to help the spirit up to glory; this exercise -sometimes continues all night, in so loud a strain, that it is -seldom that any can sleep in the neighborhood.—The next -day they bury their dead, the corpse is borne by four bearers,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span> -some of the deacons preceding, and a great company -of men and women following, the women first, dressed in -white, with a strip of white cotton bound round the head, -and falling to the ground. After they have buried their -dead, the company return to the house and have a regular -wake: they believe the spirit of the deceased is present -with them for nine days, and they leave a place for them -at the table, and pay them all the attention they give to -the visible guests.</p> - -<p>There is in Jamaica an institution, established in 1836, -and called the Mico Institution; it is named after its founder, -Madame Mico, who left a large sum of money to purchase, -(or rather to ransom, the one being a Christian -act, the other a sin against the Holy Ghost, who expressly -forbids such traffic;) thus having corrected myself, I will resume. -Madame Mico left this money to ransom the English -who were in bondage to the Algerines; if there were -any left, it was to be devoted to the instruction of the colored -people in the British Islands; at this institution, six -adults, men and women, are prepared for teachers. Whole -number taught since the commencement 485—there is a -day school for children, 29 is the regular number—whole -number 2,491—Sabbath Schools 9, whole number taught -6,654—the adults and the Sunday scholars have to pay one -Mack a month. Besides the Mico establishment, there -are in Jamaica 27 Church Missionary Schools, where -2,461 children are taught gratis. Adult schools, 5—whole -number taught, 475. Sabbath Schools 14—whole number -taught, 1,952. London Missionary Society Schools, 16—whole -number taught not ascertained. National Schools, -38—whole number taught, 2,500.</p> - -<p>The Wesleyan, Presbyterian and Moravian schools, besides -these; it is supposed there are private schools where -three or four thousand are educated in the city of Kingston, -and twice that number in the streets, without the means of -education. All the children and adults taught in the above -named schools, are taxed £1 a year, except the English -Church school, this is the most liberal. The Rev. Mr. -Horton, a Baptist minister in Kingston, told me he had sent -90 children away from the Baptist school, because they -did not bring their money. It is sufficient to say they had -it not to bring!</p> - -<p>Most of the people of Jamaica are emancipated slaves, -many of them are old, worn out, and degraded. Those<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -who are able to work, have yet many obstacles to contend -with, and very little to encourage them; every advantage is -taken of their ignorance; the same spirit of cruelty is opposed -to them as held them for centuries in bondage; even -religious teaching is bartered for their hard earnings, -while they are allowed but 33 cents a day, and are told if -they will not work for that, they shall not work at all; an -extortionary price is asked of them for every thing they -may wish to purchase, even their Bibles are sold to them at -a large advance on the first purchase. Where are their -apologists, if they are found wanting in the strict morals -that Christians ought to practice? Who kindly says forgive -them when they err? “forgive them, this is the bitter -fruit of slavery.” Who has integrity sufficient to hold -the balance when these poor people are to be weighed? -Yet their present state is blissful compared with slavery. -Many of the farmers bring their produce twenty or thirty -miles. Some have horses or poneys, but most of them -bring their burdens on their heads. As I returned from -St. Andrews mountain, where I had been sent for by a Mr. -Rose, I was overtaken by a respectable looking man, on -horseback; we rode about ten miles in company. The story -he told me of the wrongs he and his wife had endured -while in slavery, are too horrible to narrate. My heart -sickens when I think of it. He asked me many questions, -such as where I came from? why I came to that Island? -where had I lived? &c.—I told him I was sent for by one -of the missionaries to help him in his school. Indeed, said -he, our color need the instruction. I asked him why the -colored people did not hire themselves?—we would be very -glad to, he replied, but our money is taken from us so fast -we cannot. Sometimes they say we must all bring 1 £; to -raise this, we have to sell at a loss, or to borrow, so that we -have nothing left for ourselves, the macaroon hunters take -all—this is a nickname they give the missionaries and the -class-leaders—a cutting sarcasm this! Arrived at a tavern -about a mile from Kingston, I bade the man adieu, and -stopped for my guide. The inn-keeper kindly invited me -in. He asked me several questions. I asked him as many. -How do the people get along said I, since the emancipation? -The negroes, he replied, will have the Island in -spite of the devil. Do not you see how they live, and how -much they can bear? we cannot do so. This man was -an Englishman, with a large family of mulatto children.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -In May, the 18th, I attended the Baptist missionary meeting -in Queen St. Chapel. The house was crowded. Several -ministers spoke of the importance of sending the gospel -to Africa; they complimented the congregation on their -liberality the last year, when they gave one hundred pounds -sterling; they hoped this year they would give five hundred -pounds, as there were five thousand members at the -present time. There was but one colored minister on the -stand. It is generally the policy of these missionaries to -have the sanction of colored ministers, to all their assessments -and taxes. The colored people give more readily, -and are less suspicious of imposition, if one from themselves -recommends the measure. This the missionaries understand -very well, and know how to take advantage of it. -Wednesday, June 22d and 23d, the colored Baptists held -their missionary meeting, the number of ministers, colored -and mulattoes was 18, the colored magistrates were present. -The resolutions that were offered were unanimously accepted, -and every thing was done in love and harmony.—After -taking up a contribution, they concluded with song -and prayer, and returned home, saying jocosely, they would -turn macaroon hunters.—Mack is the name of a small coin -in circulation at Jamaica. I called, on my return, at the -market and counted the different stalls. For vegetables and -poultry, 196, all numbered, and under cover; besides 70 on -the ground. These are all attended by colored women. -The market is conveniently arranged, as they can close the -gates and leave all safe. There are 19 stalls for fresh -fish, 18 for pork, 30 for beef, 18 for turtle. These are all -regular built markets, and all kept by colored men and women. -These are all in one place. Besides, others may -be found, as with us, all over the city. Thus it may be -hoped, they are not the lying, stupid set of beings they -have been called, but are enterprising and quick in their -perceptions, determined to possess themselves, and to possess -property besides, and quite able to take care of themselves. -They wished to know why I was so inquisitive -about them, I told them we have heard in America that -you are lazy, and that emancipation has been no benefit to -you; I wish to inform myself of the truth respecting you, -and give a true representation of you on my return. Am I -right? More than two hundred people were around me listening -to what I said. They thanked me heartily, I gave -them some tracts, and told them if it so pleased God, I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -would come back to them, and bring them some more -books, and try what could be done with some of the poor -children to make them better. I then left them, and went -to the East market, where there are thousands of all kinds -and nations. The Jews and Spanish looked at me very -black. The colored people gathered around me, I gave -them little books and tracts, and told them I hoped to see -them again.</p> - -<p>There are in this street upwards of a thousand, young -women and children, living in sin of every kind. From -thence, I went to the gaol, where were 17 men, but no women—in -the house of correction were three hundred culprits. -They are taken from there to work on plantations. -Then I went to the admiral’s house, where the emigrants -find a shelter until they can find employment, then -they work and pay for their passage. Many leave their -homes and come to Jamaica, under the impression that -they are to have their passage free, and, on reaching the -Island, are to be found until they can provide for themselves. -How the mistake originated, I am not able to say, -but on arriving here, strangers, poor, and unacclimated, the -debt for passage-money is hard and unexpected; it is remarkable -that wherever they come from, whether fresh -from Africa, from the other Islands, from the South or -from New England, they all feel deceived on this point. -I called on many Americans and found them poor and discontented, -rueing the day they left their country, where, -notwithstanding many obstacles, their parents had lived and -died, which they had helped to conquer with their toil and -blood.</p> - -<p>“Now shall their children stray abroad and starve in -foreign lands.”—I left America November 16th, 1840, in -the ship Scion, Captain Mansfield, bound for Jamaica, -freighted with ice and machinery for the silk factory. -There were on board a number of handicraft-men and other -passengers. We sailed on Monday afternoon, from -Charlestown, Mass. It rained continually until Saturday. -Sunday the 23d was a fine day. Mr. De Grass, a young -colored clergyman, was invited to perform divine service, -which he did with much propriety; he spoke of the dangers -we had escaped, and the importance of being prepared to -meet our God, (he died of fever about three weeks after arriving -at Jamaica,) some who were able to attend came on -deck and listened to him with respect, while others seemed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -to look on in derision; these spent the afternoon and evening -in card-playing. About twelve at night, a storm commenced; -on Monday we were in great peril; the storm continued -until Friday the 27th. On that day a sail was seen -at some distance making towards us, the captain judging -her to be a piratical vessel, ordered the women and children -below, and the men to prepare for action—the pirates -were not inclined to hazard an engagement; when they saw -the deck filled with armed men they left us. Thus were -we preserved from the storm and from the enemy. Sabbath, -29th, divine service, our attention was directed to the -goodness of God in sparing us.</p> - -<p>Monday,—and are we mortals still alive. Tuesday,—Thus -far the Lord has led us on. Wednesday.—Thus far -his power prolongs our days. Thursday—December 3d, -to-day made Turks Island. Friday.—This day had a view -of Hayti, its lofty mountains presented a sublime prospect. -Saturday—a glance we had of Cuba. Sunday—December -6th, at six o’clock in the evening, dropped anchor at St. Anne -harbor Jamaica. We blessed the Lord for his goodness, -in sparing us to see the place of our destination; and -here I will mention my object in visiting Jamaica. I hoped -that I might aid (in some small degree) to raise up and encourage -the emancipated inhabitants, and teach the young -children to read and work, to fear God and put their trust -in their Savior. Mr. Whitmarsh and his friend came on -board and welcomed us. On Tuesday we went on shore -to see the place and the people; my intention had been to -go directly to Kingston, but the people urged me so to stay -with them that I thought it my duty to comply, and wrote -to Mr. Ingraham to that effect. I went first to see the minister, -Mr. Abbot, thought, as he was out, I had better wait -his return. The people promised to pay me for my services -for them, or to send me to Kingston. When Mr. Abbot -returned he made me an offer I readily accepted.—As I -lodged in the house of one of the class-leaders, I attended -her class a few times, when I learned the method, I stopped. -She then commenced her authority, and gave me to understand -if I did not comply, I should not have any pay from -that society. I spoke to her of the necessity of being born -of the spirit of God, before we became members of the -church of Christ, and told her I was sorry to see the people -blinded in such a way. She was very angry with me,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -and soon accomplished her end, by complaining of me to the -minister, and I soon found I was to be dismissed, unless I -would yield obedience to this class-leader. I told the minister -that I did not come there to be guided by a poor foolish -woman. He then told me that I had spoken something -about the necessity of moral conduct in church members. -I told him I had, and in my opinion I was sorry to see it so -much neglected. He replied, that he hoped I would not -express myself so except to him; they have the gospel, he -continued, and let them come into the church. I do not approve -of women societies; those destroyed the world’s convention; -the American women have too many of them. -We talked one hour. He paid me for the time I had -been there; I continued till Jan. with the same opinion that -something must be done for the elevation of the children, -and it is for that I labor. On the Sabbath the minister -from the pulpit spoke unkindly of me. This was in January. -I am sorry to say the meeting house is more like a -play house, than a place of worship. The pulpit stands -about the middle of the building, behind are about six hundred -children that belong to the society; there they are -placed for Sabbath School, and there they remain until service -is over, playing all the time. The house is crowded -with the aged and the young, the most part of them bare-footed. -Some have on bonnets, but most of the women -wear straw hats such as our men wear. I gave several -Bibles away, not knowing that I was hurting the ministers’ -sale, the people buy them of him at a great advance. I -gave up my school at St. Ann, and on the 18th of March -departed for Kingston, but took the fever and was obliged -to remain until the 7th of April. The people of St. Ann -fulfilled their promise which they made, to induce me to -stop with them—on the 11th of April I arrived at Kingston; -and was conducted to the Mico institution, where Mr. Ingraham -directed me to find him; he had lost his pulpit and -his school, but Mr. Venning the teacher kindly received me. -I stayed there longer than expected; the next morning he -kindly sent one of the young men with me to the packet -for my baggage. I then called on the American Consul, -he told me he was very glad to see me for such a purpose -as I had in view in visiting Jamaica, but he said it was a -folly for the Americans to come to the Island to better their -condition; he said they came to him every day praying him -to send them home. He likewise mentioned to me the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -great mortality amongst the emigrants. This same day I -saw Mr. O——, one of our missionaries, who wished me -to accompany him forty miles into the interior of the country. -This same day I saw Mr. Henshaw. On Saturday -the 17th I received a letter from Fem Hill, in the county -of St. Andrews, to come and assist Mr. Ross in one of the -Mico schools; they sent for me and I went to see them, but -took no part in the school. I saw Mr. Henshaw there. -The day he left Jamaica for the United States, I begged him -to tell the colored people of America not to go to Jamaica, -for they would find themselves deceived. After a week I -returned to Kingston with my mind fully settled what to -do. I spent three weeks at the Mico establishment, and -three weeks with my colored friends from America. On -the 21st of April, I called to see Mr. Horton, a minister. -He was much surprised to see me, and had much to say -about my color, and showed much commiseration for my -misfortune at being so black. My personal narrative I -have placed last in this pamphlet, as of least consequence. -I flatter myself my voyage to Jamaica has not been in vain. -A door of usefulness seems opened to me there, with a zealous -friend. And with the aid of the benevolent, I propose -to establish at Kingston, or in the vicinity, an asylum for -the orphan and the out-cast, where they may be taught -without money and without price. To effect this, I have -returned to this country to solicit aid, and trust I shall not -ask in vain. The colored people of these United States -are induced to remove to Jamaica, in consequence of the -flattering offers made to them, to induce them to emigrate. -Since my return they have been inquisitive to learn from -me something respecting the place, and the people I have -been among. For these inquiries I have written this book, -that they may have the advantage of what information I -have collected, and knowing the truth, they may no longer -be deceived.</p> - -<p class="right">NANCY PRINCE.</p> - -<p class="tb"><span class="smcap">Note.</span> On <a href="#Page_9">page -9</a>, line 21, it is said that there are six adults -preparing for teachers in the Mico institution; it should have -said 15; and that the whole number of teachers so prepared is -485—but the number is not really known. In this institution -none are received except they can read and write, and bring -good recommendations of their piety. A number have finished, -and are teachers in different parts of the Island.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The West Indies: Being a Description -of the Islands, Progress of Christia, by Nancy Gardner Prince - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WEST INDIES *** - -***** This file should be named 63216-h.htm or 63216-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/2/1/63216/ - -Produced by Mary Glenn Krause and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by the -Library of Congress) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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