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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #62649 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62649)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Seventy-Second Regiment of
-the North Carolina Troops in the War Betw, by John Wetmore Hinsdale
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: History of the Seventy-Second Regiment of the North Carolina Troops in the War Between the States, 1861-'65
-
-Author: John Wetmore Hinsdale
-
-Release Date: July 15, 2020 [EBook #62649]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF 72ND REGIMENT, 1861-1865 ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by John Campbell and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
-
- Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
-
- A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example 16^{th}.
-
- Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
- _Yours Truly
- Jno. W. Hinsdale._ (author’s signature)]
-
-
-
-
- HISTORY
-
- OF THE
-
- SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT
-
- OF THE
-
- NORTH CAROLINA TROOPS,
-
- IN THE
-
- WAR BETWEEN THE STATES, 1861-’65,
-
- BY
-
- COL. JOHN W. HINSDALE
-
- OF RALEIGH, N. C.
-
-
- NASH BROTHERS,
- BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS,
- GOLDSBORO, N. C.
-
-
-
-
- SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.
-
- (THIRD JUNIOR RESERVES.)
-
-
-It affords the writer pleasure to respond to the invitation
-of Judge Walter Clark, himself a distinguished officer of the
-boy-soldiers, to make a lasting memorial of the courage and heroism
-of the brave and patriotic lads who composed the Third Regiment
-of Junior Reserves, known since the war as the Seventy-second
-Regiment of North Carolina Troops. It is to be regretted that the
-task has not been performed at an earlier day, before the stirring
-scenes in which these youths took so conspicuous a part have faded
-into the dim outline of a shadowy dream. Some inaccuracies must
-now necessarily creep into this sketch. The writer was Assistant
-Adjutant-General of Lieutenant-General Theophilus H. Holmes,
-who commanded the Reserves of North Carolina, and he has in his
-possession many valuable records pertaining to that office, access
-to which has been of great assistance in the preparation of this
-regimental history.
-
-It is deemed not inappropriate here to narrate some things of a
-general nature concerning the Reserves.
-
-The year 1863 closed with depression and gloom throughout our young
-Confederacy. Missouri, Kentucky, Louisiana, Tennessee and the
-Arkansas and Mississippi Valleys had been lost. Vicksburg, with
-its ill-fated commander, had surrendered. Gettysburg, in spite of
-the heroic efforts of Carolina’s best and bravest, had been turned
-by Longstreet’s default into a Union victory. All of our ports had
-been blockaded. Sherman with his army of bummers, was preparing
-for his infamous march through Georgia and the Carolinas, in which
-he emulated the atrocities of the Duke of Alva, proclaiming as his
-excuse that “War is hell,” and violating, with fire and sword,
-every principle of civilized warfare. Grant had been placed in
-command of all the Union armies and was preparing to take personal
-charge of a campaign of attrition against the Army of Northern
-Virginia, willing to swap five for one in battle, if need be, in
-order to exhaust his straitened adversary--a process by which with
-his unlimited resources of men, he knew he was bound to win in the
-end.
-
-It was in such dire distress that the Confederate Congress 17
-February, 1864, aroused to a full sense of the magnitude of the
-struggle, and recognizing the necessity for putting forth our whole
-strength in the contest for Southern independence, passed an act
-for the enrollment of the Junior and Senior Reserves--the former,
-lads between 17 and 18 years--the latter, old men, between 45 and
-50 years--thus, in the language of President Davis, “robbing the
-cradle and the grave.”
-
-Lieutenant-General T. H. Holmes was entrusted by President Davis
-with the organization of the reserve forces in North Carolina.
-General Holmes was the son of Governor Gabriel Holmes. He graduated
-at West Point in 1829, and was assigned to duty with the Seventh
-Regiment of Infantry. With this regiment he served with distinction
-in the Seminole War and also in the Mexican War, in which he was
-brevetted Major for conspicuous gallantry at Monterey. With his
-keen sense of honor, pure Christian character, devotion to duty and
-utter forgetfulness of self, he was fit to be a companion of the
-knights who sat at King Arthur’s round table. A true son of the Old
-North State, he had promptly responded to her call, and resigning
-a Major’s commission in the United States Army, had been appointed
-by the President first Colonel, then Brigadier, then Major-General
-and finally Lieutenant-General. As courageous as a lion, he was
-as gentle as a woman. At the battle of Helena, Arkansas, amid a
-storm of shot and shell, with a coolness which the writer has
-never seen surpassed, he rode into Graveyard Hill, upon which was
-concentrated the fire at short range of fifty cannon and five
-thousand muskets. It was a daring and fearless ride. Like General
-Pettigrew, he was one of the few men who declined promotion. Well
-does the writer remember the receipt by General Holmes, when
-commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department in Little Rock, of
-a Lieutenant-General’s commission, all unsought and unexpected.
-He at once dictated a letter to the President, declining with
-grateful thanks the high honor and requesting him to bestow it upon
-a worthier man. It was only upon Mr. Davis’ insistence that the
-promotion was afterwards accepted.
-
-Mr. Davis in his “Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government,”
-says of him:
-
- “He has passed beyond the reach of censure or of praise, after
- serving his country on many fields wisely and well. I, who knew
- him from our school boy days, who served with him in garrison
- and in the field, and with pride watched him as he gallantly
- led a storming party up the rocky height at Monterey, and was
- intimately acquainted with his whole career during our sectional
- war, bear willing testimony to the purity, self abnegation,
- generosity, fidelity and gallantry which characterized him as a
- man and as a soldier.”
-
-A truer, braver, purer heart never beat under the Confederate gray.
-
-General Holmes on 28 April, 1864, established his headquarters at
-Raleigh, N. C., and undertook the task of organizing the Reserves
-of the State. His staff consisted of:--
-
- Lieutenant-Colonel Frank S. Armistead, a graduate of West Point,
- as Inspector-General. He was later elected Colonel of the First
- Regiment of Junior Reserves and was afterwards assigned to the
- command of the Junior Reserves brigade consisting of the first
- three regiments. He was recommended by General Holmes for the
- appointment of Brigadier-General in terms of high praise.
-
- Captain John W. Hinsdale, as Assistant Adjutant-General, who had
- served in this capacity on the staffs of Generals J. Johnston
- Pettigrew at Seven Pines, and William D. Pender, through the
- Seven Days’ Fight around Richmond, and also with General Holmes
- in the Trans-Mississippi.
-
- First Lieutenants Charles W. Broadfoot and Theophilus H. Holmes,
- Jr., Aides-de-Camp. The latter, a mere boy, soon afterwards gave
- his young life to his country while gallantly leading a cavalry
- charge near Ashland, Virginia. The former, a member of the Bethel
- Regiment, rose from private to Lieutenant-Colonel of the First
- Junior Reserves, and is now the first lawyer of the upper Cape
- Fear.
-
- First Lieutenant Graham Daves, appointed Aide-de-Camp after the
- death of young Holmes and the promotion of Lieutenant Broadfoot.
- He was a brave and efficient officer of scholarly attainments and
- high integrity.
-
- A. W. Lawrence, of Raleigh, Ordnance Officer.
-
- Major Charles S. Stringfellow, now one of Richmond’s most
- distinguished lawyers, succeeded Captain Hinsdale as Assistant
- Adjutant-General upon the latter’s promotion to the Colonelcy of
- the Third regiment of Junior Reserves.
-
-A roster in the writer’s possession shows that the Medical
-Department of the Reserves was organized as follows:
-
- Dr. Thomas Hill, now an eminent physician of Goldsboro, North
- Carolina, Medical Director.
-
- Dr. G. G. Smith, Assistant Surgeon of the First Regiment of
- Junior Reserves.
-
- Dr. A. W. Eskridge, Assistant Surgeon of the Second Regiment of
- Junior Reserves.
-
- Dr. E. B. Simpson, Assistant Surgeon of the Third Regiment of
- Junior Reserves.
-
- First Lieutenant J. M. Strong, Assistant Surgeon of the Fourth
- Regiment of Senior Reserves.
-
- Dr. W. L. Glass, Assistant Surgeon of the Fifth Regiment of
- Senior Reserves.
-
- Dr. A. W. Nesbitt, Assistant Surgeon of the Sixth Regiment of
- Senior Reserves.
-
- Dr. David Berry, Assistant Surgeon of the Eighth Regiment of
- Senior Reserves.
-
- Dr. G. H. Cox, Assistant Surgeon of the Eighth Regiment of Senior
- Reserves.
-
- Dr. James S. Robinson, Assistant Surgeon of the Second Battalion
- of Senior Reserves.
-
-
- ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENT.
-
-The Third Regiment of Junior Reserves was formed 3 January, 1865,
-by the consolidation of the Fourth Battalion, commanded by Major J.
-M. Reece; the Seventh Battalion, commanded by Major W. F. French;
-and the Eighth Battalion, commanded by Major J. B. Ellington. It is
-proper, therefore, to give an account of their services as separate
-organizations.
-
-
- THE FOURTH BATTALION.
-
-The Fourth Battalion, four hundred strong, was organized at Camp
-Holmes, near Raleigh, N. C., on 30 May, 1864, by the election of
-J. M. Reece, of Greensboro, Major; John S. Pescud, of Raleigh,
-was appointed Adjutant. Pescud was a brave, true-hearted lad, and
-is now an honored citizen of Raleigh. The battalion was sent to
-Goldsboro 2 June. It was composed of the following companies:
-
- COMPANY A--_From Guilford County_--John W. Pitts, Captain; J.
- N. Crouch, First Lieutenant; T. A. Parsons and George M. Glass,
- Second Lieutenants.
-
- Upon the resignation of all the company officers, W. W. King was
- elected First Lieutenant and Davis S. Reid Second Lieutenant. The
- former was in command of the company at Fort Fisher, Kinston and
- Bentonville. He also acted as Regimental Adjutant for a time,
- when D. S. Reid commanded the company. Both of these officers
- were intelligent, brave and efficient.
-
- COMPANY B--_From Alamance and Forsyth Counties_--A. L. Lancaster,
- Captain; A. M. Craig, First Lieutenant; William May and C. B.
- Pfohl, Second Lieutenants.
-
- COMPANY C--_From Stokes and Person Counties_--R. F. Dalton,
- Captain; G. Mason, First Lieutenant; G. W. Yancey and J. H.
- Schackelford, Second Lieutenants.
-
- COMPANY D--_From Rockingham_--A. B. Ellington, Captain; J. P.
- Ellington, First Lieutenant; F. M. Hamlin and William Fewell,
- Second Lieutenants. This company was added to the Battalion 15
- June. Captain Ellington was promoted to the Majority when the
- regiment was formed.
-
-Lieutenant J. P. Ellington in July, 1864, was drowned in Masonboro
-Sound, while in the discharge of his duty as officer of the day,
-visiting the pickets on the beach. His body was recovered by
-exploding torpedoes in the sound.
-
-Lieutenant F. M. Hamlin was promoted to the First Lieutenancy and
-commanded the company until he was made Adjutant of the regiment.
-
-The battalion soon after its organization was ordered to Goldsboro
-to report to Brigadier-General L. S. Baker, commanding the district
-of Southern Virginia and Eastern North Carolina. It was sent
-thence to Kinston and there did guard and picket duty. On 15 June
-it was ordered to report to Lieutenant-Colonel Frank S. Armistead
-at Weldon. He had been placed in command of the defences at that
-point. On 26 June the battalion was ordered to report to General W.
-H. C. Whiting, at Wilmington, the only remaining blockade-running
-port of the Confederacy. The battalion thereupon was stationed at
-Camp Davis near Wilmington, on Masonboro Sound, under command of
-Colonel George Jackson, an efficient officer, and did picket and
-guard duty on the sound and the beach to prevent the landing of the
-enemy, the escape of slaves to the blockaders and all communication
-with the passing vessels. It was here that young Ellington, of
-Company D, lost his life, crossing the Sound in a storm while on
-his rounds as officer of the day. He was a zealous and capable
-officer. The salt works, from which large supplies of salt were
-obtained for the army, were in the vicinity of this camp, and were
-guarded by the battalion.
-
-From Camp Davis the battalion moved to Sugar Loaf, on the Cape
-Fear River, about fifteen miles below Wilmington, six miles above
-Fort Fisher and one mile from the ocean, where it drilled and did
-guard and picket duty. “Sugar Loaf” is a singular formation. It
-is a high sand hill running from the river bank half way across
-the peninsula, steep on the exterior, but sloping on all sides to
-a basin in the centre. It is a natural fortification, which the
-engineering skill of General Whiting, by fosse and rampart, had
-converted into an almost impregnable intrenched camp, containing
-perhaps one hundred acres.
-
-On 9 December, 1864, the battalion went from Sugar Loaf to
-Belfield, Virginia, in company with the Seventh and Eighth
-Battalions. Its future movements will be described in connection
-with the other two battalions.
-
-
- THE SEVENTH BATTALION.
-
-The Seventh Battalion, 300 strong, was organized at Camp Lamb,
-near Wilmington, in June, 1864, by the election of W. F. French,
-of Lumberton, Major, and E. F. McDaniel, of Fayetteville, was
-appointed Adjutant. This battalion was composed of the following
-companies:
-
- COMPANY A--_From Cumberland, Robeson and Harnett Counties_--T. G.
- Hybart, Captain; D. S. Byrd, First Lieutenant; C. C. McLellan and
- C. S. Love, Jr., Second Lieutenants.
-
- Upon the death of Captain Hybert, on 9 September, D. S. Byrd was
- promoted to the Captaincy.
-
- COMPANY B--_From New Hanover, Brunswick and Columbus
- Counties_--John D. Kerr, Captain; J. B. Williams, First
- Lieutenant; E. H. Moore and B. F. Gore, Second Lieutenants.
-
- COMPANY C--_From Richmond County_--Donald McQueen, Captain; A. B.
- McCollum, First Lieutenant; A. C. McFadyen and S. A. Barfield,
- Second Lieutenants.
-
-The battalion did guard duty at Wilmington until the middle of
-July. Here Captain Donald McQueen died of typhoid fever on 25
-June. He was a fine soldier, an honor to his name and his cause.
-Lieutenant McCollum succeeded him in command of the company.
-
-On the night of 3 July, 1864, Lieutenant Cushing, of the Federal
-Navy (the same who blew up the Confederate ram “Albemarle” at
-Plymouth), with a few detailed men, entered the Confederate
-headquarters at Smithville (now Southport) and carried off General
-Paul O. Hebert’s Adjutant-General to the Federal fleet. Thereafter
-the Seventh Battalion was ordered from Wilmington to Smithville for
-its protection. It camped in a beautiful grove of live oaks back of
-the town. Here it did its full share of guard and picket duty under
-the command of General Hebert, an old officer who had served with
-distinction in Mexico and had been Governor of Louisiana. It was
-here that Captain T. G. Hybart, of Fayetteville, was stricken with
-typhoid fever and died 9 September, 1864. He was one of the best
-officers in the command, and had he lived and the war continued,
-would have made his mark. The battalion remained at Smithville
-until 9 December when, with the Fourth and Eighth Battalions, all
-under Colonel Jackson, it moved to Belfield, Virginia, to repel a
-Federal raid.
-
-
- THE EIGHTH BATTALION.
-
-The Eighth Battalion, three hundred strong, was organized at Camp
-Vance, near Morganton, N. C., on 7 June, by the election of James
-B. Ellington (First Lieutenant of Company D, Sixty-first North
-Carolina Regiment), as Major. It was composed of the following
-companies:
-
- COMPANY A--_From Iredell County_--W. G. Watson, Captain; George
- Rufus White, First Lieutenant; Amos M. Guy and Sinclair Preston
- Steele, Second Lieutenants.
-
- Captain Watson resigned in January, 1865, for the purpose of
- joining a cavalry regiment in Lee’s army. He returned home to
- procure his outfit for the service, but was captured by Stoneman
- and sent to prison in Louisville, Ky. He is now the excellent and
- popular clerk of the Superior Court of Rowan County. Upon his
- resignation, Lieutenant White was promoted to the Captaincy.
-
- COMPANY B--_From Catawba_--J. R. Gaither, Captain; J. M.
- Lawrence, First Lieutenant, (both captured at Fort Fisher);
- Charles Wilfong and J. M. Bandy, Second Lieutenants.
-
- Lieutenant Wilfong resigned after the battle of Kinston, and
- Lieutenant Bandy thereafter until the surrender, commanded the
- company. He made a fine officer. After the war he was for a
- number of years a professor in Trinity College. He now resides
- in Greensboro, where as a civil engineer he ranks high in
- his profession. Sergeant James M. Barkley was elected Second
- Lieutenant and F. H. Busbee Junior Second Lieutenant. Both of
- them were excellent officers. Lieutenant Barkley is now an
- able and eminent minister of the gospel in Detroit, Mich. I am
- indebted to him for many data which I have incorporated into this
- sketch. Lieutenant Busbee is now one of the first lawyers of the
- State--a brilliant advocate and a wise and learned counsellor.
-
- COMPANY C--_From Burke and Caldwell Counties_--Lambert A.
- Bristol, Captain; Marcus G. Tuttle, First Lieutenant; George T.
- Dula and Horace W. Connelly, Second Lieutenants. Captain Bristol
- is now the worthy Clerk of the Superior Court of Burke County.
-
-George T. Dula resigned and John W. Harper was elected Junior
-Second Lieutenant. He soon thereafter laid down his young life on
-his country’s altar. He was killed at the battle of Kinston.
-
-The battalion remained for some days at Camp Vance and was drilled
-by Lieutenant Bullock, a drill master. On 24 June, it was ordered
-to Raleigh and at Camp Holmes was uniformed and equipped with small
-rifles, which were very inferior and quite dangerous--to the “man
-behind the gun.”
-
-On 26 June the battalion was ordered to Wilmington. It went into
-camp at Camp Davis. It afterwards did picket and patrol duty on
-Masonboro and Wrightsville Sounds under Colonel George Jackson.
-On 4 August it was ordered to report to General L. S. Baker, at
-Goldsboro, but returned to Wilmington 16 August and was again
-placed under Colonel Jackson’s command at Masonboro Sound.
-
-On 2 September, under orders from the War Department, Major
-Ellington, who when elected Major was disabled from active service
-by wounds, and who afterwards recovered, was relieved of his
-command and sent to his company near Petersburg, Virginia. He was
-soon afterwards killed at Fort Harrison, Virginia. Major Ellington
-was a gallant officer and much beloved by the boys. It was a
-mistake to have relieved him. General Holmes afterwards secured a
-ruling of the War Department by which the officers of the Junior
-Reserves after they reached the age of 18, were retained with their
-commands. But the privates and non-commissioned officers were still
-required to be sent to General Lee as fast as they became eighteen
-years old.
-
-Captain William G. Watson succeeded Major Ellington in the command
-of the battalion. In the fall, the battalion was ordered to
-Sugar Loaf, on the Cape Fear river, where for several months it
-did picket duty, drilled, etc. On 10 December it was ordered to
-Belfield, Va., under Colonel Jackson. Its further career will be
-traced in connection with the Fourth and Seventh Battalions from
-which it never after separated until Johnston’s surrender.
-
-
- BELFIELD, VA.
-
-On 8 December, 1864, General Whiting was notified by General Lee
-that the Fifth and Second Corps of Grant’s army, with Bragg’s
-Division of Cavalry, were moving under General Warren upon Weldon,
-and that they were near Belfield and that Hill and Hampton were
-following them. One object of this raid was to destroy the railroad
-bridge at Weldon and thus cut off supplies for Lee’s army from
-that direction. General Whiting at once ordered Colonel George
-Jackson to proceed with the Fourth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth
-Battalions of Junior Reserves and four pieces of Paris’ Artillery
-with three days’ cooked rations, to Weldon, and there report for
-temporary service to General Leventhorpe, commanding. The latter,
-an Englishman by birth, was the first Colonel of the Thirty-fourth
-and then of the Eleventh North Carolina Regiments, and had done
-splendid service in clearing the enemy from the Roanoke river and
-in defending the Wilmington & Weldon Railway.
-
-The four battalions assembled in Wilmington from Sugar Loaf and
-Smithville. Through the efforts of Major French, the troops were
-here shod. They were placed on flat cars and thus exposed, were
-transported to Weldon. The weather was intensely cold. More than
-once the train had to be stopped, fires made in the woods and some
-of the boys lifted from the train and carried to the fires and
-thawed out. Many went to sleep in their wet clothes to find them
-frozen stiff upon awakening. This suffering was undergone without a
-murmur. The old guard of Napoleon on the retreat from Moscow, never
-displayed more heroism and fortitude than did the boy-soldiers--the
-“Young Guard of the Confederacy.”
-
-Under the law, the reserves could not be required to cross their
-State lines, but without hesitation and without an exception, the
-brave boys at Weldon hurried on to Belfield, Virginia, there to
-meet the invading foe. The Federals withdrew, leaving their dead
-unburied, after a sharp fire and repulse from the reserves who had
-just reached the battlefield, and the latter joined in the pursuit
-across the Meherrin river at Hicks’ Ford. On 17 December, 1864,
-the General Assembly of North Carolina, recognizing their heroism,
-passed the following resolutions:
-
- “WHEREAS, The Legislature has heard with satisfaction of the
- good conduct of the officers and soldiers of the Junior Reserves
- and Home Guards, who volunteered to cross the State line into
- Virginia, in order to repel the late advance of the public enemy
- on Weldon; therefore,
-
- “_Resolved_, That the officers and soldiers of the Junior
- Reserves and Home Guards, so acting, deserve the commendation of
- their fellow citizens, and are entitled to the thanks of this
- Legislature.”
-
- “_Resolved_, That a copy of these proceedings be transmitted to
- Lieutenant-General Holmes and Major-General R. C. Gatlin, that it
- may be communicated to the commands which they are intended to
- honor.”
-
-From Belfield the four battalions, together with the First and
-Second Regiments of Junior Reserves, were ordered, under Colonel
-Leventhorpe, to Tarboro to repel a Federal raid from Washington,
-N. C. The command moved to Hamilton, some miles below Tarboro.
-The enemy retired upon the advance of the Confederate troops. The
-battalions remained there a day or two and returned to Tarboro. The
-troops camped about a mile northeast of the town for several days.
-The boys were without overcoats, tents or tent flies, and lay upon
-the bare ground in the rain and sleet and snow. Many of them were
-frost bitten. A good old farmer along side of whose fence the boys
-camped on the first night of their stay, kindly gave them leave
-to start their fires by using the top rail of his fence. When he
-came back next morning there was not a rail to be seen. When he
-protested with some warmth, saying that they had taken more than he
-had given them leave to take, one wag said: “No, sir; as long as
-there was a top rail, we had your permission to burn it. We never
-took any but the top rail.” The old man laughed good naturedly and
-left.
-
-The severity of the experience of the Reserves on the Belfield
-expedition may be realized when it is stated that although they
-had been in camp over six months and had been somewhat enured to
-a soldier’s life, over one-half of them were sent to the hospital
-when the battalions returned to Wilmington.
-
-The command was marched from Tarboro to Goldsboro and by train was
-conveyed to Wilmington, and thence back to Sugar Loaf. There they
-remained under the command of General W. W. Kirkland until the
-battle of Fort Fisher. This officer was a splendid fighter and a
-superb soldier. He was Colonel of the Twenty-first North Carolina
-Regiment, and afterwards commanded Early’s Brigade, Pettigrew’s
-Division. He had taken part in many of the desperate battles of
-Virginia and had been twice severely wounded. He was transferred
-to Wilmington late in December and established his headquarters at
-Sugar Loaf.
-
-
- FIRST ATTACK ON FORT FISHER.
-
-The three battalions composing the Third Regiment of Junior
-Reserves participated brilliantly in the defence of Fort Fisher,
-when attacked by General B. F. Butler and Admiral Porter on 23, 24
-and 25 December, 1864.
-
-Fort Fisher was located on the point of a narrow peninsula which
-extends southwardly from New Inlet between the ocean and Cape Fear
-river, near its mouth. It defended Wilmington, the last remaining
-port through which army supplies, ammunition, clothing and food
-for Lee’s Army were brought in by blockade runners. Under its
-guns, the “Ad-Vance” brought in supplies of inestimable value to
-the North Carolina troops. Its defence was of supreme importance
-to the Confederacy. It was an earthen fort of an irregular form,
-with bastions at the angles. The land face, 250 yards long, was
-continuous from ocean to river. The sea face was 1,300 yards
-long. Both faces were mounted with heavy guns, mortars and light
-artillery, presenting a formidable front to the enemy. It was
-the strongest earthwork built by the Confederacy, and really, as
-Admiral Porter said, “stronger than the Malakoff tower which defied
-so long the combined power of France and England.” Two miles above
-the fort were the Half Moon and the Flag Pond Batteries, and a
-mile and a quarter below, and at the extreme end of the peninsula,
-Battery Buchanan with four heavy guns.
-
-When Butler’s expedition of 8,000 men set forth against it, the
-fort was garrisoned by only 667 men--a totally inadequate force
-for its defence. General Butler, with General Weitzel and his
-troops, appeared in transports off New Inlet, near Fort Fisher, on
-15 December. The navy under Admiral Porter, did not appear until
-the 18th. He had collected the largest and most formidable naval
-expedition of modern times. The weather being stormy, prevented any
-hostile operations until the 23d. On the night of the 23d, Admiral
-Porter anchored a powder ship, containing 215 tons of powder,
-about 800 yards from the northeast salient of the fort. It was
-anticipated that the explosion of this mass of powder would greatly
-impair, if not destroy, the works, and the least effect expected
-was that the garrison would be so paralyzed and stunned as to offer
-but small resistance to subsequent attacks. The explosion did no
-more harm than a Chinese fire-cracker. Colonel William Lamb, then
-in command of the fort, wired General Whiting at Wilmington that
-one of the enemy’s fleet had blown up, so little impression did it
-make on him.
-
-General Benjamin F. Butler, of New Orleans fame, in his
-autobiography, gives an amusing account of an interview with Major
-Reece, who commanded the Fourth Battalion of Junior Reserves and
-was captured at Fort Fisher. Butler says: “I inquired of him where
-he was the night before last (the night of the explosion of the
-powder boat). He said he was lying two miles and a half up the
-beach. I asked him if he had heard the powder vessel explode. He
-said he did not know what it was, but supposed a boat had blown
-up, _that it jumped him and his men_ who were lying upon the
-ground, like pop-corn in a popper, to use his expression.” It is
-hard to tell which most to admire, Butler’s gullibility or Reece’s
-“jollying” extravagance.
-
-The next day, 24 December, was employed by Porter in bombarding the
-fort, dropping into it as many as 130 shells a minute. At this time
-the three battalions of Junior Reserves, about 800 strong, were
-encamped near Sugar Loaf, six miles up the Cape Fear river from the
-fort. On the night of the 24th, the Fourth, Seventh and Eighth
-battalions were assembled at Sugar Loaf under Brigadier-General
-William W. Kirkland. Major French had been temporarily assigned to
-the command of a regiment of Senior Reserves, but at his request
-was permitted to return to his own command and follow its fortunes.
-General Whiting directed General Kirkland to send these battalions
-to Battery Buchanan, there to take boat for Bald Head and relieve
-Colonel J. J. Hedrick and his seasoned veterans, in order that
-they might reinforce Fort Fisher. They marched soon after midnight
-through Fort Fisher to Battery Buchanan, on the extreme end of
-the peninsula. In the darkness, many of the boys while passing
-through the fort, stumbled into the holes which were made in
-every direction by the shells. All the battalions arrived at Fort
-Buchanan before day. The boat which was to carry them to Bald Head
-could not make a landing on account of the tide, whereupon Captain
-Bristol early in the morning reported in person the situation to
-Colonel Lamb, who ordered the Juniors into the Fort. This was early
-Christmas morning.
-
-Between Fort Buchanan and Fort Fisher is a clear, open beach, upon
-which a partridge could not hide himself, over which they must
-pass in full view of the fleet. As soon as the march began the
-fleet poured upon the command a terrific discharge of shot and
-shell. The first one killed at Fort Fisher was private Davis, of
-French’s Battalion of Juniors, who on this march was cut in two by
-a large shell. Another private was severely wounded by the same
-shell. Nothing but the poor practice of the fleet saved the boys
-from utter destruction on this perilous march. When they reached
-Fort Fisher a scene of desolation met their gaze. The barracks
-had been destroyed and the interior of the fort was honeycombed
-by holes in the ground large enough to bury an ox team, made by
-the huge shells from the fleet. French’s battalion and as many of
-the others as could be accommodated, were placed in the already
-over-crowded bomb-proofs. Those who could not obtain protection
-here were carried by Major Reece to the breastworks at Camp Wyatt,
-three miles above the fort. The gunboats soon discovered their
-presence there and enfiladed the trenches with a terrific fire.
-The boys sought shelter under the banks of the river, where they
-spent the day listening to the music of the great guns of the fleet
-and watching the great shells as they passed over them into the
-river--a grand, but not a very engaging spectacle.
-
-It was dark when Major Reece determined to take his command back
-to the fort. Late in the afternoon he heard the report of small
-arms in the direction of the fort. He knew that a land force was
-attacking the fort, and he felt that it was his duty to take his
-boys to the rescue. He marched them down the river towards the
-fort but unfortunately he failed to put out a skirmish line and
-fell upon a regiment of General Weitzel’s troops by whom he and a
-majority of his command were captured and carried to Point Lookout.
-The following is a list of the officers who were taken prisoners:
-
- Major J. M. Reece, Captain J. R. Gaither, First Lieutenant J. M.
- Lawrence, of Company B, Eighth Battalion; First Lieutenant M. G.
- Tuttle, Company C, Eighth Battalion; Second Lieutenant George
- W. Yancey, Company C, Fourth Battalion; Second Lieutenant C. P.
- Pfohl, Company C, Fourth Battalion. Those officers who escaped
- were Captain A. L. Lancaster, Company B, Fourth Battalion;
- First Lieutenant G. R. White, Company A, Eighth Battalion;
- Second Lieutenant Amos Guy, Company A, Eighth Battalion; Third
- Lieutenant S. P. Steele, Company A, Eighth Battalion.
-
-First Lieutenant F. M. Hamlin, Company D, Fourth Battalion, a brave
-young subaltern, led part of his company up the river and escaped
-capture. They found their way to Kirkland’s Brigade at Sugar Loaf
-and rejoined their command at the fort next day.
-
-The fleet bombarded the fort until 12 o’clock Christmas day, when
-Butler landed 2,500 troops near the Half Moon Battery, about two
-miles north of Fisher. He immediately pushed up Curtis’ Brigade
-within a few hundred yards of the parapet of the fort. A skirmish
-line was then advanced to within seventy-five yards of the fort.
-Upon the approach of the enemy, the Junior Reserves sprang to the
-parapet of the land face which was swept by the guns of the fleet,
-and by a well-directed fire, delivered with a coolness which could
-not be excelled, they repelled the attack. One little fellow from
-Columbus County, whose name is not remembered, being too small to
-shoot over the parapet, mounted a cannon and fired from there as
-coolly as if he were shooting squirrels, until he fell wounded.
-About dusk the Reserves were ordered to the palisades in front of
-the parapet and immediately under the guns of the fort, where they
-remained till morning. The guns of the fort were discharged over
-their heads. The rain was descending in torrents. That night the
-Federals re-embarked most of their men.
-
-General Whiting in his report says: “Colonel Tansill was ordered
-to the command of the land front. The gallant Major Reilly, with
-his battalion and Junior Reserves, poured cheering, over the
-parapet and through the sallyport to the palisades. The enemy had
-occupied the redoubt (an unfinished fort) and advanced into the
-port garden. A fire of grape and musketry checked any further
-advance. The garrison continued to man the out-works and channel
-batteries throughout the night, exposed to a pelting storm and
-occasionally exchanging musket shots with the enemy. The fire
-had been maintained for seven hours and a half with unremitting
-rapidity.”
-
-Colonel William Lamb, the hero of Fort Fisher, who, under General
-Whiting, commanded the troops, in his report says: “At 4:30 p.
-m., 25 December, a most terrific fire against the land face and
-palisades in front commenced, unparalleled in severity. Admiral
-Porter estimated it at 130 shot and shell per minute. The parapet
-and the guns were manned by regulars and the Junior Reserves.
-
-“During the night the rain fell in torrents, wetting the troops and
-their arms, but it did not dampen their spirits nor interfere with
-their efficiency. * * *
-
-“On Tuesday morning the foiled and frightened enemy left our
-shores. I cannot speak too highly of the coolness and gallantry of
-my command.”
-
-Colonel Lamb at another time said: “Be it said to the eternal
-credit of these gallant boys that they, from this first baptism of
-fire, emerged with a reputation for bravery established for all
-time, and that to no troops more than these is due the honor of our
-splendid victory.”
-
-[Illustration: SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.
-
- 1. John W. Hinsdale, Colonel.
- 2. W. Foster French, Lieut-Colonel.
- 3. W. W. King, 1st Lieut., Co. A.
- 4. Jno. W. Harper, 2d Lieut., Co. C.
- 5. H. W. Connelly, 2d Lieut., Co. C.
- 6. J. M. Bandy, 2d Lieut., Co. E.
- 7. D. S. Reid, 2d Lieut., Co. K.
- 8. C. W. Taylor, Orderly Sergt., Co. C.
- 9. J. L. McGimpsey, Private, Co. B.]
-
-The troops were complimented in general orders by General Bragg
-for their heroism and gallantry. The heaviest loss suffered by any
-one command in the fort was by the Junior Reserves. Thus ended the
-first glorious defence of Fort Fisher.
-
-When the news was flashed to Raleigh that Butler’s ships had
-appeared off Fort Fisher, Lieutenant-General Holmes promptly
-tendered his services to assist in repelling the threatened
-attack and was assigned to duty by General Bragg in the city of
-Wilmington, where he was put in charge of the movement of troops
-at that point. The writer who accompanied General Holmes as his
-Adjutant-General, unfortunately did not participate in the battle
-of Fort Fisher. He is indebted to Lieutenant-Colonel French for
-most of the foregoing details.
-
-On 26 December, the reserves were moved to camp on Bald Head
-Island, where they remained on guard and picket duty for several
-days when they were ordered to Camp McLean, at Goldsboro, N. C.
-
-On 6 December, there had been an attempted consolidation of these
-three battalions near Sugar Loaf, when Captain William R. Johns was
-elected Colonel; Captain C. N. Allen, Lieutenant-Colonel; and A. B.
-Johns, Major. Captain W. R. Johns, a disabled officer, was then in
-the enrollment service under Colonel Peter Mallett, the Commandant
-of Conscripts of North Carolina, and being unable to undergo the
-hardships and exposure of camp life, declined the election. Captain
-Allen, the Lieutenant-Colonel, declined for the same reason. Major
-Johns was never assigned and never entered upon the discharge of
-the duties of Major and so the battalions continued to serve under
-separate organizations. Major Johns afterwards formally tendered
-his resignation, which was accepted.
-
-
-ORGANIZATION.
-
-On 3 January, 1865, while the regiment was at Camp McLean, near
-Goldsboro, it was finally organized by the election of Captain John
-W. Hinsdale, Colonel; W. F. French, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Captain
-A. B. Ellington, Major. On 7 January the last two were assigned
-to duty. Frank M. Hamlin, one of the gallant young officers who
-refused to surrender with Major Reece, was appointed Adjutant.
-But from time to time Lieutenants W. W. King, Andrew J. Burton
-and Frank S. Johnson, son of Senator R. W. Johnson, of Arkansas,
-who had shortly theretofore left the University of North Carolina
-and volunteered in the Third Regiment, acted as Adjutant. J. K.
-Huston was appointed Quartermaster Sergeant, and George B. Haigh,
-of Fayetteville, grandson of the Hon. George E. Badger, Commissary
-Sergeant. Drs. E. B. Simpson and J. S. Robinson were assigned to
-the regiment as Surgeon and Assistant Surgeon.
-
-The companies composing the regiment were then lettered and
-designated as follows:
-
- COMPANY A--_From Guilford County_--Captain, John W. Pitts.
-
- COMPANY B--_From Alamance and Forsyth Counties_--Captain, A. L.
- Lancaster.
-
- COMPANY C--_From Stokes and Person Counties_--Captain, R. F.
- Dalton.
-
- COMPANY D--_From New Hanover, Brunswick and Columbus
- Counties_--Captain, John D. Kerr.
-
- COMPANY E--_From Catawba County_--Captain, J. R. Gaither.
-
- COMPANY F--_From Iredell and Rowan Counties_--Captain, W. G.
- Watson.
-
- COMPANY G--_From Burke and Caldwell Counties_--Captain, L. A.
- Bristol.
-
- COMPANY H--_From Cumberland, Robeson and Harnett
- Counties_--Captain, D. S. Byrd.
-
- COMPANY I--_From Richmond County_--Captain, A. B. McCollum.
-
- COMPANY K--_From Rockingham County_--Lieutenant, F. M. Hamlin.
-
-Colonel Hinsdale, upon receiving notice in the city of Raleigh
-of his election, at once signified his acceptance, but it was
-questioned by General Holmes whether he was eligible under the
-orders of the War Department, by reason of the fact that he was not
-a disabled officer. The matter was referred to the authorities in
-Richmond and after considerable delay the department decided in
-Colonel Hinsdale’s favor and he was assigned to the command of the
-regiment on 14 February, 1865, by the following all too partial
-general order:
-
- “HEADQUARTERS RESERVES NORTH CAROLINA,
- RALEIGH, N. C., 14 February, 1865.
-
- _General Orders No. 4._
-
- “Major C. S. Stringfellow, Assistant Adjutant-General
- C. S. P. A., will relieve Captain John W. Hinsdale,
- Assistant-Adjutant-General of Reserves of North Carolina, and the
- latter officer will proceed to join the Third Regiment Reserves
- of North Carolina as its Colonel, he having been duly elected to
- that office on 3 January, 1865.
-
- “The Lieutenant-General commanding in taking leave of Colonel
- Hinsdale, tenders his warm congratulations on his promotion
- and earnestly hopes that the intelligence, zeal and gallantry,
- which has characterized his services as a staff officer may be
- matured by experience into greater usefulness in his new and more
- extended sphere.
-
- “THEO. H. HOLMES,
- “Lieutenant-General Commanding.”
-
-While at Camp McLean, near Goldsboro, the regiment was ordered to
-Halifax to repel another Federal raid. It remained there only a
-day or two, the enemy having withdrawn. It returned to Goldsboro
-where it remained drilling and doing guard duty until the last
-of January. It was then ordered to Kinston and camped near the
-beautiful home of Colonel John C. Washington. It was here employed
-in constructing the breastworks and fortifications for the defence
-of the town and especially of the county bridge across the Neuse
-river. Kinston was in easy reach from New Bern and had been visited
-by many Federal raiding parties from time to time. Our boys were
-heartily welcomed by the good people of that town.
-
-The rations which were issued to officers and men while here and at
-Goldsboro were very scant. They consisted of half a pint of black
-sorghum syrup, a pint of husky meal every other day, a third of
-a pound of pork or Nassau bacon and a few potatoes occasionally.
-The old soldiers will all remember Nassau bacon, a very gross,
-fat, porky substance which ran the blockade at Wilmington and
-was distributed among Lee’s veterans as bacon. When a ration of
-cornfield peas was issued, the boys were in “high jinks” indeed.
-But never was there collected together more uncomplaining men. They
-recognized the fact that the Confederacy was doing for them its
-best.
-
-
- BATTLE OF SOUTH WEST CREEK.
-
-Upon the discovery of the advance of the enemy from New Bern,
-whence they set out early in March, General Hoke’s Division was
-ordered to Kinston. On 6 March, the Junior Reserve Brigade,
-consisting of the First Regiment under Lieutenant-Colonel Charles
-W. Broadfoot; the Second under Colonel John H. Anderson, and the
-Third under Colonel Hinsdale, and Millard’s Battalion under Captain
-C. M. Hall, all under Colonel F. S. Armistead, marched through
-Kinston and across, to the south side of Neuse river, which here
-runs in an easterly direction, past the breastworks which they had
-so laboriously constructed. They marched down the river road which
-leads out in a southeasterly direction to Southwest creek. This
-creek is a sluggish, unfordable stream, which runs in a northerly
-direction and empties into the river about six miles below Kinston.
-The regiment was placed in some old breastworks on the margin
-of a swamp, about a hundred yards from the creek. Our pickets
-were stationed on the creek. The next day the enemy made their
-appearance on the other side of the stream and established a line
-of skirmishers and sharpshooters. During the day our skirmishers
-were engaged and occasionally a minie ball would whistle over the
-breastworks as each individual boy of the regiment believed, “just
-by my ear.” On the morning of 8 March, General Hoke, whose troops
-were also stationed along the line of the creek, was relieved by
-the arrival of D. H. Hill’s troops. Hoke’s Division crossed the
-creek and made a detour down the lower Trent road which crossed
-the British road at Wise’s Fork, about three miles in our front.
-The lower Trent road runs in a southeasterly direction to Trenton.
-The British road runs in a northeasterly direction towards the
-river. General Hoke with his usual dash surprised a Federal
-brigade, captured it and sent it to the rear. The reserves held
-the breastworks throughout the 8th. On the morning of the 9th,
-the reserves crossed Southwest creek on an improvised bridge
-constructed by them about 200 yards above the bridge on the Dover
-road which had been destroyed. This bridge was made by felling
-trees across the creek and covering them with lumber taken from
-Jackson’s mill in the vicinity. Line of battle was formed on
-the east side of the creek on swampy ground and the brigade was
-ordered forward under fire through fallen trees, brush, brambles,
-and bullets--making it difficult to preserve the alignment. They
-advanced as steadily as veterans, driving the enemy who were fresh
-troops from New Bern, well dressed, well fed, well armed and well
-liquored, as was evidenced by the condition of some prisoners
-captured. The Third Regiment suffered the loss of a number of brave
-officers and men, among them Lieutenant John W. Harper, a gallant
-young officer of Company C, from Caldwell. Here also Lieutenant
-Hamlin was wounded in the arm. That night General Hoke undertook
-a flank movement down the British road and the Neuse river road,
-the Junior Reserves being a part of his command. We could plainly
-hear the enemy at work on their fortifications. The night was
-rainy and so dark you could not see your hand before you. After
-marching through slush and rain about six miles, we countermarched
-and returned. On the afternoon of the 10th all of our troops fell
-back to the entrenchments on the British road, and later in the
-day we re-crossed the Neuse, burning the bridge behind us, and
-marched through Kinston, our brigade camping at Moseley Hall. This
-retrograde movement was the consequence of the arrival of Sherman’s
-army in North Carolina.
-
-The operations near Kinston, sometimes called the battle of
-Kinston, but usually the battle of South West Creek, were upon the
-whole a Confederate success, and when the disparity in numbers
-between the contending forces is considered, were very creditable
-to the Confederates. General Bragg in general orders thanked the
-troops for their heroism and valor and complimented them upon their
-achievements.
-
-The arrival of Sherman in Fayetteville and the approach of
-the troops from Wilmington to form a junction with Sherman at
-Goldsboro, made it necessary for us to withdraw to prevent being
-cut off and in order to form a junction with General Johnston’s
-Army, which was moving in the direction of Smithfield. On 15 March
-Colonel John H. Nethercutt, of the Sixty-sixth North Carolina, was
-placed in command of our brigade which was permanently assigned to
-Hoke’s Division.
-
-
- A MILITARY EXECUTION.
-
-Arriving at Smithfield 16 March, we remained two days and there
-witnessed one of the saddest spectacles of the war--a military
-execution. The regiment constituted a part of the military pageant
-which attended the shooting to death of G. W. Ore, a private of
-Company B, Twenty-seventh Georgia Regiment, who had been tried and
-condemned for mutiny by a court-martial. The poor fellow was first
-marched around, to the solemn music of the Dead March, in front
-of the regiments which were drawn up in an open square, facing
-inwards, he was then made to kneel, and was tied to a stake on the
-open side of the hollow square. A detail of twelve men drawn up
-at ten paces from him performed the painful duty of carrying out
-the sentence of the court. At this late stage of the war, when the
-struggle was perfectly desperate and all hope of success had fled,
-the execution seemed to us to be little less than murder.
-
-[Illustration: BENTONVILLE]
-
-[Illustration: AVERASBORO, N.C.,
-
-fought March 16^{th}, 1865.]
-
-On 18 March we marched again, not to the West, but to the South.
-We knew that Sherman was approaching from that direction, and we
-surmised that there was serious work before us. General Joseph E.
-Johnston, who rode for a short distance on that day at the head of
-the Third Junior Reserves, said as much to its commander. Sherman
-was moving from Fayetteville in the direction of Goldsboro in two
-parallel columns, about a day’s march apart. General Johnston had
-determined to take advantage of the fact that Sherman’s left wing
-was thus separated from the right, and to strike a bold blow on the
-exposed flank at Bentonville in Johnston County.
-
-
- BENTONVILLE.
-
-As soon as General Hardee, 19 March, our corps commander, reached
-Bentonville with his troops, he moved by the left flank, Hoke’s
-(our) division leading, to the ground previously selected by
-General Hampton. It was the eastern edge of an old plantation,
-extending a mile and a half to the west, and lying principally on
-the north side of the road and surrounded east, south and north
-by a dense thicket of black-jacks. There was but one road through
-it. Hoke’s Division formed with its line at right angles to the
-road on the eastern edge of the plantation and its left extending
-some four hundred yards into the thicket on the south. The Junior
-Reserves constituted the right of Hoke’s Division and supported
-a battery of Starr’s Battalion of artillery commanded by Captain
-Geo. B. Atkins, of Fayetteville. The brigade of Juniors were led by
-Colonel John H. Nethercutt, who had superseded Colonel Armistead.
-This gallant officer was Colonel of the Sixty-sixth North Carolina
-Regiment--a plain, blunt man, but every inch a soldier. The Third
-Regiment threw out a skirmish line which was commanded by Captain
-Bristol and hurriedly constructed a rail fence breastworks. Here
-under a fire of artillery we suffered many casualties. The troops
-belonging to the Army of Tennessee were formed on the right of the
-artillery. A wooden farm house in front of the Third Regiment for
-some time afforded cover for a number of sharpshooters, who did
-excellent practice on our line, until Captain Atkins, with a few
-well-directed shells, caused them to pour out like rats from a
-sinking ship.
-
-The enemy soon thereafter charged Hoke’s Division, but after a
-sharp contest at short range was handsomely repulsed.
-
-On the morning of the 20th it was reported that the Federal right
-wing had crossed over to unite with the left wing which had been
-driven back, and was coming up rapidly upon the left of Hoke’s
-Division. That officer was directed to change front to the left.
-By this movement, his line was formed parallel to and fronting the
-road. Here light entrenchments were soon made out of dead trees
-and such material as could be moved with our bayonets. From noon
-to sunset Sherman’s army thus united made repeated attacks upon
-Hoke’s Division of six thousand men and boys, but were uniformly
-driven back. The skirmish line of our brigade was commanded by
-Major Walter Clark, of the Seventieth Regiment (First Juniors),
-on the 20th and 21st. On the 21st the skirmishing was heavy, and
-the extreme of the Federal right, extending beyond our left flank
-made our position extremely hazardous in view of the fact that the
-bridge over the creek in our rear was our only chance of retreat.
-The Seventeenth Army Corps of the enemy late in the afternoon
-broke through our line considerably to the left, but by superhuman
-effort, its leading division was driven back along the route by
-which it had advanced.
-
-That night the Confederate Army re-crossed the creek by the bridge
-near Bentonville and were halted beyond the town two miles north
-from the creek. The Federals made repeated attempts to force the
-passage of the bridge, but failed in all. At noon the march was
-resumed and the troops encamped near Smithfield. Sherman proceeded
-on his way to Goldsboro to form a junction with Schofield, without
-further molestation. The Confederate losses in the battle of
-Bentonville were 2,343, while that of the Federals was nearly
-double. (For many of the foregoing facts, see Johnston’s Narrative,
-pages 381 and 393, from which liberal extracts have been made.)
-
-The Confederates never fought with more spirit, and the Federals
-with less, than in the battle of Bentonville. General D. H. Hill
-remarked upon this and said: “It may be that even a Yankee’s
-conscience has been disturbed by the scenes of burning, rapine,
-pillage and murder so recently passed through.”
-
-General Hampton said of this last great battle of the Civil War,
-that in his opinion it was one of the most extraordinary: “The
-infantry forces of General Johnston amounted to about 14,100 men,
-and they were composed of three separate commands which had never
-acted together. These were Hardee’s troops, brought from Savannah
-and Charleston; Stewart’s from the Army of Tennessee; and Hoke’s
-Division of veterans, many of whom had served in the campaigns of
-Virginia. Bragg, by reason of his rank, was in command of this
-latter force, but it was really Hoke’s Division, and the latter
-directed the fighting. These troops, concentrated recently for the
-first time, were stationed at and near Smithfield, eighteen miles
-from the field, where the battle was fought, and it was from there
-that General Johnston moved them to strike a veteran army numbering
-about 60,000 men. This latter army had marched from Atlanta to
-Savannah without meeting any force to dispute its passage, and from
-the latter city to Bentonville unobstructed save by the useless and
-costly affair at Averasboro, where Hardee made a gallant stand,
-though at a heavy loss. No bolder movement was conceived during the
-war than this of General Johnston when he threw his handful of men
-on the overwhelming force in front of him, and when he confronted
-and baffled this force, holding a weak line for three days against
-nearly five times his number. For the last two days of this fight
-he only held his position to secure the removal of his wounded, and
-when he had accomplished that he withdrew leisurely, moving in his
-first march only about four miles.”
-
-The Junior Reserves lost quite a number of officers and boys in
-this battle. Their conduct was creditable to the last degree.
-General Hoke, their attached and beloved commander, thus writes
-concerning them: “The question of the courage of the Junior
-Reserves was well established by themselves in the battle below
-Kinston, and at the battle of Bentonville. At Bentonville you will
-remember, they held a very important part of the battlefield in
-opposition to Sherman’s old and tried soldiers, and repulsed every
-charge that was made upon them with very meagre and rapidly thrown
-up breastworks. Their conduct in camp, on the march, and on the
-battlefield was everything that could be expected of them, and I am
-free to say, was equal to that of the old soldiers who had passed
-through four years of war. On the return through Raleigh where many
-passed by their homes, scarcely one of them left their ranks to bid
-farewell to their friends, though they knew not where they were
-going nor what dangers they would encounter.”
-
-
- THE LAST REVIEW.
-
-The regiment remained in camp near Smithfield until 10 April.
-During this time our corps under command of General Hardee was
-reviewed by General Johnston, General Hardee, Governor Vance and
-others. There was not in the grand parade of that day--the last
-grand review of the Confederate Army--a more soldierly body of
-troops than the Junior Reserves. Later in the day, Governor Vance
-made a stirring speech to the North Carolina troops, which by its
-eloquence aroused enthusiasm and caused the fire of patriotism to
-burn more brightly in our hearts. On 10 April we begun our last
-retreat before Sherman.
-
-
- THE RETREAT.
-
-On 12 April we reached Raleigh. I recall how we marched through
-Raleigh past the old Governor’s Mansion on Fayetteville street,
-facing the Capitol, then up Fayetteville street and west by
-Hillsboro street past St. Mary’s young ladies school in a beautiful
-grove on the right. How the servants stood at the fence with
-supplies of water for us to drink! How the fair girls trooped
-down to see us pass! How one tall, beautiful damsel exclaimed:
-“Why, girls, these are all _young men_,” and how one of our saucy
-Sergeants replied: “Yes, ladies, and we are all looking for wives!”
-It was in Raleigh that we heard the heartrending rumor of General
-Lee’s surrender.
-
-Our line of march was through Chapel Hill. The University at that
-place was deserted and many refugees from the lower counties were
-again preparing to fly. After leaving Chapel Hill we camped on
-the Regulators’ Battleground, thence our line of march was on the
-Salisbury and Hillsboro road, over which 200 years before the
-Catawba Indians passed in their visits to the Tuscaroras in the
-East. Governor Tryon and later Lord Cornwallis had led their troops
-over this historic way in the vain endeavor to subdue the men whose
-sons now trod, footsore and weary, over the same old red hills,
-engaged in a like struggle for local self government.
-
-When we reached Haw river on Saturday, 15 April, we found the
-steam rising rapidly. In crossing the river, several of our boys
-were drowned by leaving the ford to reach some fish traps a short
-distance below and being caught by the swift current and swept
-down into the deep water. On reaching Alamance creek we had a novel
-experience. On account of heavy rains the stream was much swollen
-and the current very strong. General Cheatham’s command was moving
-in front of General Hoke’s Division and on attempting to ford the
-stream several men were swept down by the current, whereupon the
-others absolutely refused to move. This halted the entire column,
-and as the enemy’s cavalry were closely pressing our rear, the
-situation was becoming critical. General Cheatham rode to the
-front and learning the cause of the halt, ordered the men to go
-forward, but, emphasizing their determination with some pretty
-lively swearing, they doggedly refused to move, whereupon General
-Cheatham seized the nearest man and into the stream they went.
-After floundering in the water awhile, he came out, after repeating
-the process for a few times, they raised a shout and proceeded to
-cross. Three wagons, two with guns and one with bacon, capsized
-and were swept down the river. Some lively diving for the bacon
-followed, but I guess the guns are still rusting in the bottom of
-the creek. I am sure none of them were disturbed on that occasion.
-
-In the midst of the peril of the crossing of the river,
-Lieutenant-Colonel French realizing the danger to which the smaller
-boys were exposed, jumped from his horse, and stationing himself
-in mid-stream just below the line of march, rescued several of
-the brave lads from inevitable death. Standing there, watching
-his chance to save life, he was every inch the faithful officer
-and brave soldier, and no wonder the boys loved him. Within the
-last twelve months he, too, has crossed over the river and is now
-resting under the shade of the trees. Farewell my dear old comrade!
-
-We reached Red Cross, twenty miles south of Greensboro, late on 16
-April. Here we stayed until the following Easter Sunday morning.
-On Saturday afternoon, a bright boy from Cleveland County, named
-Froneberger, was killed in camp by lightning within ten steps of
-regimental headquarters. His death was instantaneous. The next
-morning, 17 April, after a scanty breakfast we made ready as usual
-to resume the march, but received no orders. We waited till noon,
-then all the afternoon, then till night, and still no orders. The
-next morning we heard that General Johnston had surrendered.
-
-We camped at Red Cross for a few days. Meanwhile it became known
-that we had not surrendered; but that Johnston and Sherman had
-undertaken to make terms for the surrender of all the then existing
-armies of the Confederacy and for the recognition of our state
-governments--one of the decent acts of Sherman’s life. But it came
-to naught by reason of its disapproval in Washington. The armistice
-which had been entered into for this purpose was terminated, and
-the toilsome, weary, hopeless march was resumed, but we all knew
-that the war was over.
-
-It was at this time that a quantity of silver coin, in Greensboro,
-belonging to the Confederate Government was seized by General
-Johnston and distributed among his officers and men--each receiving
-one dollar and twenty-five cents without regard to rank. The writer
-has in his possession the identical Mexican milled silver dollar
-which came to him on this occasion. On one side of it has since
-been engraved “Bounty to John W. Hinsdale for four years’ faithful
-service in the Confederate Army.” One hundred times its weight in
-gold would not purchase this old piece of silver, associated as it
-is with loving thoughts of comrades and heart-breaking memories of
-surrender.
-
-The regiment marched about eight miles to Old Center Meeting House,
-in Randolph County, staying here about three days and then we moved
-by way of Coleraine’s Mills to Bush Hill (now Archdale), and came
-to a halt one mile from old Trinity College.
-
-
- THE SURRENDER.
-
-General Johnston on 26 April made his final surrender of the army
-to General Sherman and on 2 May, 1865, at Bush Hill, all who
-remained of the one thousand boy-patriots of the Third Junior
-Reserves were paroled, and turned their faces sorrowfully homeward.
-The last roll had been called, the last tattoo beaten, and the
-regiment was disbanded forever.
-
-[Illustration: A PAROLE FROM JOHNSTON’S ARMY.
-
-Fac-simile of parole of Jno. W. Hinsdale, Colonel, 72d Regiment (3d
-Junior Reserves).]
-
- GREENSBORO’, NORTH CAROLINA,
-
- ________________________ 1865.
-
- In accordance with the terms of the Military Convention, entered
- into on the twenty sixth day of April, 1865, between General
- JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, Commanding the Confederate Army, and Major
- General W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding the United states Army in
- North-Carolina,
-
- ________________________________________________________________
- has given his solemn obligation not to take up arms against the
- Government of the Unites States until properly released from this
- obligation; and is permitted to return to his home, not to be
- disturbed by the United States authorities so long as he observe
- this obligation and obey the laws in force where he may reside.
-
- _______________________ _____________________
-
- ___________________ U. S. A., _________________ C. S. A.,
- _Special Commissioner_. _Commanding_.
-
-This was the end of all our hopes and aspirations. Might had
-prevailed over right, and the conquered banner had been furled for
-all time.
-
-Judge Clark in his Regimental Histories reproduced fac-similes of
-two paroles, one of an officer in the army of Northern Virginia,
-who surrendered at Appomattox Court House, the other, of the
-writer of this sketch, an officer of the last grand army of the
-Confederacy, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston. This parole
-appears on the opposite page. It was in keeping the inviolate faith
-of a similar parole issued to our great commander, Robert E. Lee,
-that General Grant, be it said to his everlasting credit, stayed
-the hand of President Johnston, who, soon after the war, issued a
-shameful order for the arrest of the “noblest Roman of them all.”
-By this one act, General Grant won the respect and esteem of the
-entire South.
-
-North Carolina has much to be proud of. She was first at Bethel,
-she went farthest at Gettysburg, she was last at Appomattox, her
-dead and wounded in battle exceeded in numbers those of any other
-two States of the Confederacy together. But, her last and most
-precious offering to the cause of Liberty were her boy-soldiers,
-who at her bidding willingly left their homes, and marched, and
-fought, and starved, and froze, and bled, and died that she might
-live and be free. God bless the Junior Reserves. Their memory will
-ever be cherished by the Old North State they loved so well.
-
-The following patriotic lines, written by the author of the
-“Conquered Banner,” will appeal to the heart of many a mother whose
-young son marched away with the Junior Reserves:
-
- “Young as the youngest, who donned the Gray,
- True as the truest who wore it,
- Brave as the bravest he marched away
- (Hot tears on the cheeks of his mother lay)
- Triumphant waved our flag one day--
- He fell in the front before it.
-
- Firm as the firmest where duty led,
- He hurried without a falter;
- Bold as the boldest he fought and bled.
- And the day was won--but the field was red--
- And the blood of his fresh young heart was shed
- On his country’s hallowed altar.
-
- On the trampled breast of the battle plain,
- Where the foremost ranks had wrestled,
- On his pale pure face not a mark of pain,
- (His mother dreams that they will meet again),
- The fairest form amid all the slain,
- Like a child asleep he nestled.
-
- In the solemn shade of the wood that swept
- The field where his comrades found him,
- They buried him there--and the big tears crept
- Into strong men’s eyes that had seldom wept,
- (His mother--God pity her--smiled and slept,
- Dreaming her arms were around him).
-
- A grave in the woods with the grass o’ergrown,
- A grave in the heart of his mother
- His clay in the one lies lifeless and lone:
- There is not a name, there is not a stone,
- And only the voice of the winds maketh moan
- O’er the grave where never a flower is strewn,
- But his memory lives in the other.”
-
- JOHN W. HINSDALE.
-
- RALEIGH, N. C.,
- 26 APRIL, 1901.
-
-
-
-
- ADDENDUM.
-
-The writer appends hereto two letters received by him approving
-the accuracy of the foregoing sketch--one from the distinguished
-jurist, who was his comrade in arms in the Junior Reserve brigade,
-and to whom the old soldiers owe a debt of gratitude for his
-monumental service in editing the Regimental Histories, the other
-by one of Lee’s best fighters and most trusted lieutenants, and the
-beloved commander of the boy-soldiers, whose valor is only equaled
-by his modesty.
-
-
- STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,
-
- SUPREME COURT.
-
- RALEIGH, N. C., October 18, 1901.
-
- COLONEL JOHN W. HINSDALE,
-
- My Dear Colonel,
-
- * * * * *
-
- Let me congratulate you upon your sketch which is decidedly one
- of the most interesting and valuable in the whole four volumes,
- and your conclusion is the most eloquent and touching thing I
- have read in many days. The Juniors will take off their hats to
- you.
-
- Your friend and comrade,
- WALTER CLARK.
-
-
- SEABOARD AIR LINE--GEORGIA, CAROLINA & NORTHERN RAILWAY CO.
-
- R. F. HOKE, PRESIDENT.
-
- RALEIGH, N. C., January 4, 1901.
-
- COLONEL JOHN W. HINSDALE,
-
- My Dear Colonel,
-
- I am pleased to read your sketch of the Third North Carolina
- Junior Reserve Regiment, that you kindly sent me, which is very
- accurate as to their service while they were in my command. Not
- knowing whether you intended me to keep it or not, I return it
- with my thanks, and wishing you a most happy and prosperous New
- Year, I am,
-
- Very truly your friend,
- R. F. HOKE.
-
-
-
-
- TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
-
- Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
- corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
- the text and consultation of external sources.
-
- Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
- and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
-
- Pg 5: ‘insistance that’ replaced by ‘insistence that’.
- Pg 15: ‘Fourth Batalion of’ replaced by ‘Fourth Battalion of’.
- Pg 23: ‘of Campany C’ replaced by ‘of Company C’.
- Pg 23: ‘we countermached’ replaced by ‘we countermarched’.
- Pg 25: ‘sharp shooters, who’ replaced by ‘sharpshooters, who’.
- Pg 28: ‘heartrendering rumor’ replaced by ‘heartrending rumor’.
- Pg 30 (Illustration): ‘and is ermitted’ replaced by
- ‘and is permitted’.
- Pg 31: ‘fac similes’ replaced by ‘fac-similes’.
- Pg 32: ‘lifeless aud lone’ replaced by ‘lifeless and lone’.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Seventy-Second Regiment
-of the North Carolina Troops in the Wa, by John Wetmore Hinsdale
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-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Seventy-Second Regiment of
-the North Carolina Troops in the War Betw, by John Wetmore Hinsdale
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: History of the Seventy-Second Regiment of the North Carolina Troops in the War Between the States, 1861-'65
-
-Author: John Wetmore Hinsdale
-
-Release Date: July 15, 2020 [EBook #62649]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF 72ND REGIMENT, 1861-1865 ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by John Campbell and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-
-
-<div class="transnote">
-<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p>
-
-<p>Some minor changes to the text are noted at the <a href="#TN">end of the book.</a></p>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<div class="figcenter" id="origcover">
- <img class="w100" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<div class="figcenter" id="i002">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i002.jpg" title="(author’s signature)" alt="(author’s signature)" />
- <div class="caption">
-
-<em>Yours Truly<br />
-Jno. W. Hinsdale.</em>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap pg-brk" />
-
-<h1>
-<span class="fs135 lsp2">HISTORY</span><br />
-<br />
-<span class="fs60">OF THE</span><br />
-<br />
-<span class="fs150">SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT</span></h1>
-
-<p class="p4 pfs60">OF THE</p>
-
-<p class="p1 pfs180">NORTH CAROLINA TROOPS,</p>
-
-<p class="p4 pfs60">IN THE</p>
-
-<p class="p2 pfs90">WAR BETWEEN THE STATES, 1861-’65,</p>
-
-<p class="p4 pfs60">BY</p>
-
-<p class="p1 pfs150 smcap">Col. John W. Hinsdale</p>
-
-<p class="p2 pfs60 smcap">of Raleigh, N. C.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p class="p4 pfs60">NASH BROTHERS,<br />
-BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS,<br />
-GOLDSBORO, N. C.</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[Pg 3]</span></p>
-
- <div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="p4 nobreak" id="SEVENTY-SECOND_REGIMENT">SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.</h2>
- </div>
-
-<p class="pfs60">(THIRD JUNIOR RESERVES.)</p>
-
-<hr class="r10" />
-
-<p>It affords the writer pleasure to respond to the invitation
-of Judge Walter Clark, himself a distinguished officer of the
-boy-soldiers, to make a lasting memorial of the courage and
-heroism of the brave and patriotic lads who composed the
-Third Regiment of Junior Reserves, known since the war as
-the Seventy-second Regiment of North Carolina Troops. It
-is to be regretted that the task has not been performed at an
-earlier day, before the stirring scenes in which these youths
-took so conspicuous a part have faded into the dim outline of
-a shadowy dream. Some inaccuracies must now necessarily
-creep into this sketch. The writer was Assistant
-Adjutant-General of Lieutenant-General Theophilus H.
-Holmes, who commanded the Reserves of North Carolina,
-and he has in his possession many valuable records pertaining
-to that office, access to which has been of great assistance in
-the preparation of this regimental history.</p>
-
-<p>It is deemed not inappropriate here to narrate some things
-of a general nature concerning the Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>The year 1863 closed with depression and gloom throughout
-our young Confederacy. Missouri, Kentucky, Louisiana,
-Tennessee and the Arkansas and Mississippi Valleys had
-been lost. Vicksburg, with its ill-fated commander, had surrendered.
-Gettysburg, in spite of the heroic efforts of Carolina’s
-best and bravest, had been turned by Longstreet’s default
-into a Union victory. All of our ports had been blockaded.
-Sherman with his army of bummers, was preparing
-for his infamous march through Georgia and the Carolinas, in
-which he emulated the atrocities of the Duke of Alva, proclaiming
-as his excuse that “War is hell,” and violating, with
-fire and sword, every principle of civilized warfare. Grant
-had been placed in command of all the Union armies and was
-preparing to take personal charge of a campaign of attrition
-against the Army of Northern Virginia, willing to swap five<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span>
-for one in battle, if need be, in order to exhaust his straitened
-adversary&mdash;a process by which with his unlimited resources
-of men, he knew he was bound to win in the end.</p>
-
-<p>It was in such dire distress that the Confederate Congress
-17 February, 1864, aroused to a full sense of the magnitude
-of the struggle, and recognizing the necessity for putting
-forth our whole strength in the contest for Southern independence,
-passed an act for the enrollment of the Junior and
-Senior Reserves&mdash;the former, lads between 17 and 18 years&mdash;the
-latter, old men, between 45 and 50 years&mdash;thus, in the
-language of President Davis, “robbing the cradle and the
-grave.”</p>
-
-<p>Lieutenant-General T. H. Holmes was entrusted by President
-Davis with the organization of the reserve forces in
-North Carolina. General Holmes was the son of Governor
-Gabriel Holmes. He graduated at West Point in 1829, and
-was assigned to duty with the Seventh Regiment of Infantry.
-With this regiment he served with distinction in the Seminole
-War and also in the Mexican War, in which he was brevetted
-Major for conspicuous gallantry at Monterey. With his
-keen sense of honor, pure Christian character, devotion to
-duty and utter forgetfulness of self, he was fit to be a companion
-of the knights who sat at King Arthur’s round table.
-A true son of the Old North State, he had promptly responded
-to her call, and resigning a Major’s commission in the
-United States Army, had been appointed by the President
-first Colonel, then Brigadier, then Major-General and finally
-Lieutenant-General. As courageous as a lion, he was as gentle
-as a woman. At the battle of Helena, Arkansas, amid a
-storm of shot and shell, with a coolness which the writer has
-never seen surpassed, he rode into Graveyard Hill, upon
-which was concentrated the fire at short range of fifty cannon
-and five thousand muskets. It was a daring and fearless
-ride. Like General Pettigrew, he was one of the few men
-who declined promotion. Well does the writer remember the
-receipt by General Holmes, when commanding the Trans-Mississippi
-Department in Little Rock, of a Lieutenant-General’s
-commission, all unsought and unexpected. He at once
-dictated a letter to the President, declining with grateful
-thanks the high honor and requesting him to bestow it upon a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span>
-worthier man. It was only upon Mr. Davis’ <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'insistance that'">insistence that</ins>
-the promotion was afterwards accepted.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Davis in his “Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government,”
-says of him:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>“He has passed beyond the reach of censure or of praise,
-after serving his country on many fields wisely and well. I,
-who knew him from our school boy days, who served with
-him in garrison and in the field, and with pride watched him
-as he gallantly led a storming party up the rocky height at
-Monterey, and was intimately acquainted with his whole
-career during our sectional war, bear willing testimony to the
-purity, self abnegation, generosity, fidelity and gallantry
-which characterized him as a man and as a soldier.”</p></div>
-
-<p>A truer, braver, purer heart never beat under the Confederate
-gray.</p>
-
-<p>General Holmes on 28 April, 1864, established his headquarters
-at Raleigh, N. C., and undertook the task of organizing
-the Reserves of the State. His staff consisted
-of:&mdash;</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Lieutenant-Colonel Frank S. Armistead, a graduate of
-West Point, as Inspector-General. He was later elected Colonel
-of the First Regiment of Junior Reserves and was afterwards
-assigned to the command of the Junior Reserves brigade
-consisting of the first three regiments. He was recommended
-by General Holmes for the appointment of Brigadier-General
-in terms of high praise.</p>
-
-<p>Captain John W. Hinsdale, as Assistant Adjutant-General,
-who had served in this capacity on the staffs of Generals
-J. Johnston Pettigrew at Seven Pines, and William D.
-Pender, through the Seven Days’ Fight around Richmond,
-and also with General Holmes in the Trans-Mississippi.</p>
-
-<p>First Lieutenants Charles W. Broadfoot and Theophilus
-H. Holmes, Jr., Aides-de-Camp. The latter, a mere boy, soon
-afterwards gave his young life to his country while gallantly
-leading a cavalry charge near Ashland, Virginia. The former,
-a member of the Bethel Regiment, rose from private to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span>
-Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Junior Reserves, and is now
-the first lawyer of the upper Cape Fear.</p>
-
-<p>First Lieutenant Graham Daves, appointed Aide-de-Camp
-after the death of young Holmes and the promotion of Lieutenant
-Broadfoot. He was a brave and efficient officer of
-scholarly attainments and high integrity.</p>
-
-<p>A. W. Lawrence, of Raleigh, Ordnance Officer.</p>
-
-<p>Major Charles S. Stringfellow, now one of Richmond’s
-most distinguished lawyers, succeeded Captain Hinsdale as
-Assistant Adjutant-General upon the latter’s promotion to
-the Colonelcy of the Third regiment of Junior Reserves.</p></div>
-
-<p>A roster in the writer’s possession shows that the Medical
-Department of the Reserves was organized as follows:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Dr. Thomas Hill, now an eminent physician of Goldsboro,
-North Carolina, Medical Director.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. G. G. Smith, Assistant Surgeon of the First Regiment
-of Junior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. A. W. Eskridge, Assistant Surgeon of the Second Regiment
-of Junior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. E. B. Simpson, Assistant Surgeon of the Third Regiment
-of Junior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>First Lieutenant J. M. Strong, Assistant Surgeon of the
-Fourth Regiment of Senior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. W. L. Glass, Assistant Surgeon of the Fifth Regiment
-of Senior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. A. W. Nesbitt, Assistant Surgeon of the Sixth Regiment
-of Senior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. David Berry, Assistant Surgeon of the Eighth Regiment
-of Senior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. G. H. Cox, Assistant Surgeon of the Eighth Regiment
-of Senior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>Dr. James S. Robinson, Assistant Surgeon of the Second
-Battalion of Senior Reserves.</p></div>
-
-
-<h3>ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENT.</h3>
-
-<p>The Third Regiment of Junior Reserves was formed 3
-January, 1865, by the consolidation of the Fourth Battalion,
-commanded by Major J. M. Reece; the Seventh Battalion,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span>
-commanded by Major W. F. French; and the Eighth Battalion,
-commanded by Major J. B. Ellington. It is proper,
-therefore, to give an account of their services as separate organizations.</p>
-
-
-<h3>THE FOURTH BATTALION.</h3>
-
-<p>The Fourth Battalion, four hundred strong, was organized
-at Camp Holmes, near Raleigh, N. C., on 30 May, 1864,
-by the election of J. M. Reece, of Greensboro, Major; John
-S. Pescud, of Raleigh, was appointed Adjutant. Pescud
-was a brave, true-hearted lad, and is now an honored citizen
-of Raleigh. The battalion was sent to Goldsboro 2 June.
-It was composed of the following companies:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company A</span>&mdash;<em>From Guilford County</em>&mdash;John W. Pitts,
-Captain; J. N. Crouch, First Lieutenant; T. A. Parsons and
-George M. Glass, Second Lieutenants.</p>
-
-<p>Upon the resignation of all the company officers, W. W.
-King was elected First Lieutenant and Davis S. Reid Second
-Lieutenant. The former was in command of the company
-at Fort Fisher, Kinston and Bentonville. He also acted as
-Regimental Adjutant for a time, when D. S. Reid commanded
-the company. Both of these officers were intelligent,
-brave and efficient.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company B</span>&mdash;<em>From Alamance and Forsyth Counties</em>&mdash;A.
-L. Lancaster, Captain; A. M. Craig, First Lieutenant; William
-May and C. B. Pfohl, Second Lieutenants.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company C</span>&mdash;<em>From Stokes and Person Counties</em>&mdash;R. F.
-Dalton, Captain; G. Mason, First Lieutenant; G. W. Yancey
-and J. H. Schackelford, Second Lieutenants.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company D</span>&mdash;<em>From Rockingham</em>&mdash;A. B. Ellington, Captain;
-J. P. Ellington, First Lieutenant; F. M. Hamlin and
-William Fewell, Second Lieutenants. This company was
-added to the Battalion 15 June. Captain Ellington was promoted
-to the Majority when the regiment was formed.</p></div>
-
-<p>Lieutenant J. P. Ellington in July, 1864, was drowned
-in Masonboro Sound, while in the discharge of his duty as officer
-of the day, visiting the pickets on the beach. His body
-was recovered by exploding torpedoes in the sound.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span></p>
-
-<p>Lieutenant F. M. Hamlin was promoted to the First Lieutenancy
-and commanded the company until he was made Adjutant
-of the regiment.</p>
-
-<p>The battalion soon after its organization was ordered to
-Goldsboro to report to Brigadier-General L. S. Baker, commanding
-the district of Southern Virginia and Eastern
-North Carolina. It was sent thence to Kinston and there
-did guard and picket duty. On 15 June it was ordered to
-report to Lieutenant-Colonel Frank S. Armistead at
-Weldon. He had been placed in command of the
-defences at that point. On 26 June the battalion
-was ordered to report to General W. H. C. Whiting, at Wilmington,
-the only remaining blockade-running port of the
-Confederacy. The battalion thereupon was stationed at Camp
-Davis near Wilmington, on Masonboro Sound, under command
-of Colonel George Jackson, an efficient officer, and
-did picket and guard duty on the sound and the beach to prevent
-the landing of the enemy, the escape of slaves to the
-blockaders and all communication with the passing vessels.
-It was here that young Ellington, of Company D, lost his life,
-crossing the Sound in a storm while on his rounds as officer of
-the day. He was a zealous and capable officer. The salt
-works, from which large supplies of salt were obtained for the
-army, were in the vicinity of this camp, and were guarded
-by the battalion.</p>
-
-<p>From Camp Davis the battalion moved to Sugar Loaf, on
-the Cape Fear River, about fifteen miles below Wilmington,
-six miles above Fort Fisher and one mile from the ocean,
-where it drilled and did guard and picket duty. “Sugar
-Loaf” is a singular formation. It is a high sand hill running
-from the river bank half way across the peninsula, steep
-on the exterior, but sloping on all sides to a basin in the centre.
-It is a natural fortification, which the engineering skill
-of General Whiting, by fosse and rampart, had converted
-into an almost impregnable intrenched camp, containing perhaps
-one hundred acres.</p>
-
-<p>On 9 December, 1864, the battalion went from Sugar Loaf
-to Belfield, Virginia, in company with the Seventh and
-Eighth Battalions. Its future movements will be described
-in connection with the other two battalions.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span></p>
-
-
-<h3>THE SEVENTH BATTALION.</h3>
-
-<p>The Seventh Battalion, 300 strong, was organized at Camp
-Lamb, near Wilmington, in June, 1864, by the election of W.
-F. French, of Lumberton, Major, and E. F. McDaniel, of
-Fayetteville, was appointed Adjutant. This battalion was
-composed of the following companies:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company A</span>&mdash;<em>From Cumberland, Robeson and Harnett
-Counties</em>&mdash;T. G. Hybart, Captain; D. S. Byrd, First Lieutenant;
-C. C. McLellan and C. S. Love, Jr., Second Lieutenants.</p>
-
-<p>Upon the death of Captain Hybert, on 9 September, D. S.
-Byrd was promoted to the Captaincy.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company B</span>&mdash;<em>From New Hanover, Brunswick and Columbus
-Counties</em>&mdash;John D. Kerr, Captain; J. B. Williams, First
-Lieutenant; E. H. Moore and B. F. Gore, Second Lieutenants.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company C</span>&mdash;<em>From Richmond County</em>&mdash;Donald McQueen,
-Captain; A. B. McCollum, First Lieutenant; A. C. McFadyen
-and S. A. Barfield, Second Lieutenants.</p></div>
-
-<p>The battalion did guard duty at Wilmington until the middle
-of July. Here Captain Donald McQueen died of typhoid
-fever on 25 June. He was a fine soldier, an honor to his
-name and his cause. Lieutenant McCollum succeeded him
-in command of the company.</p>
-
-<p>On the night of 3 July, 1864, Lieutenant Cushing, of the
-Federal Navy (the same who blew up the Confederate ram
-“Albemarle” at Plymouth), with a few detailed men, entered
-the Confederate headquarters at Smithville (now Southport)
-and carried off General Paul O. Hebert’s Adjutant-General
-to the Federal fleet. Thereafter the Seventh Battalion was
-ordered from Wilmington to Smithville for its protection.
-It camped in a beautiful grove of live oaks back of the town.
-Here it did its full share of guard and picket duty under the
-command of General Hebert, an old officer who had served
-with distinction in Mexico and had been Governor of Louisiana.
-It was here that Captain T. G. Hybart, of Fayetteville,
-was stricken with typhoid fever and died 9 September, 1864.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span>
-He was one of the best officers in the command, and had he
-lived and the war continued, would have made his mark.
-The battalion remained at Smithville until 9 December when,
-with the Fourth and Eighth Battalions, all under Colonel
-Jackson, it moved to Belfield, Virginia, to repel a Federal
-raid.</p>
-
-
-<h3>THE EIGHTH BATTALION.</h3>
-
-<p>The Eighth Battalion, three hundred strong, was organized
-at Camp Vance, near Morganton, N. C., on 7 June, by the
-election of James B. Ellington (First Lieutenant of Company
-D, Sixty-first North Carolina Regiment), as Major.
-It was composed of the following companies:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company A</span>&mdash;<em>From Iredell County</em>&mdash;W. G. Watson, Captain;
-George Rufus White, First Lieutenant; Amos M. Guy
-and Sinclair Preston Steele, Second Lieutenants.</p>
-
-<p>Captain Watson resigned in January, 1865, for the purpose
-of joining a cavalry regiment in Lee’s army. He returned
-home to procure his outfit for the service, but was
-captured by Stoneman and sent to prison in Louisville, Ky.
-He is now the excellent and popular clerk of the Superior
-Court of Rowan County. Upon his resignation, Lieutenant
-White was promoted to the Captaincy.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company B</span>&mdash;<em>From Catawba</em>&mdash;J. R. Gaither, Captain; J.
-M. Lawrence, First Lieutenant, (both captured at Fort
-Fisher); Charles Wilfong and J. M. Bandy, Second Lieutenants.</p>
-
-<p>Lieutenant Wilfong resigned after the battle of Kinston,
-and Lieutenant Bandy thereafter until the surrender, commanded
-the company. He made a fine officer. After the
-war he was for a number of years a professor in Trinity College.
-He now resides in Greensboro, where as a civil engineer
-he ranks high in his profession. Sergeant James M. Barkley
-was elected Second Lieutenant and F. H. Busbee Junior Second
-Lieutenant. Both of them were excellent officers. Lieutenant
-Barkley is now an able and eminent minister of the
-gospel in Detroit, Mich. I am indebted to him for many
-data which I have incorporated into this sketch. Lieutenant<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span>
-Busbee is now one of the first lawyers of the State&mdash;a brilliant
-advocate and a wise and learned counsellor.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company C</span>&mdash;<em>From Burke and Caldwell Counties</em>&mdash;Lambert
-A. Bristol, Captain; Marcus G. Tuttle, First Lieutenant;
-George T. Dula and Horace W. Connelly, Second Lieutenants.
-Captain Bristol is now the worthy Clerk of the
-Superior Court of Burke County.</p></div>
-
-<p>George T. Dula resigned and John W. Harper was elected
-Junior Second Lieutenant. He soon thereafter laid down
-his young life on his country’s altar. He was killed at the
-battle of Kinston.</p>
-
-<p>The battalion remained for some days at Camp Vance and
-was drilled by Lieutenant Bullock, a drill master. On 24
-June, it was ordered to Raleigh and at Camp Holmes was
-uniformed and equipped with small rifles, which were very
-inferior and quite dangerous&mdash;to the “man behind the gun.”</p>
-
-<p>On 26 June the battalion was ordered to Wilmington. It
-went into camp at Camp Davis. It afterwards did picket
-and patrol duty on Masonboro and Wrightsville Sounds under
-Colonel George Jackson. On 4 August it was ordered to report
-to General L. S. Baker, at Goldsboro, but returned to
-Wilmington 16 August and was again placed under Colonel
-Jackson’s command at Masonboro Sound.</p>
-
-<p>On 2 September, under orders from the War Department,
-Major Ellington, who when elected Major was disabled from
-active service by wounds, and who afterwards recovered, was
-relieved of his command and sent to his company near
-Petersburg, Virginia. He was soon afterwards killed at
-Fort Harrison, Virginia. Major Ellington was a gallant
-officer and much beloved by the boys. It was a mistake to
-have relieved him. General Holmes afterwards secured a
-ruling of the War Department by which the officers of the
-Junior Reserves after they reached the age of 18, were retained
-with their commands. But the privates and non-commissioned
-officers were still required to be sent to General
-Lee as fast as they became eighteen years old.</p>
-
-<p>Captain William G. Watson succeeded Major Ellington in
-the command of the battalion. In the fall, the battalion was
-ordered to Sugar Loaf, on the Cape Fear river, where for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span>
-several months it did picket duty, drilled, etc. On 10 December
-it was ordered to Belfield, Va., under Colonel Jackson.
-Its further career will be traced in connection with the
-Fourth and Seventh Battalions from which it never after
-separated until Johnston’s surrender.</p>
-
-
-<h3>BELFIELD, VA.</h3>
-
-<p>On 8 December, 1864, General Whiting was notified by
-General Lee that the Fifth and Second Corps of Grant’s
-army, with Bragg’s Division of Cavalry, were moving under
-General Warren upon Weldon, and that they were near Belfield
-and that Hill and Hampton were following them. One
-object of this raid was to destroy the railroad bridge at Weldon
-and thus cut off supplies for Lee’s army from that direction.
-General Whiting at once ordered Colonel George Jackson
-to proceed with the Fourth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth
-Battalions of Junior Reserves and four pieces of Paris’ Artillery
-with three days’ cooked rations, to Weldon, and there
-report for temporary service to General Leventhorpe, commanding.
-The latter, an Englishman by birth, was the first
-Colonel of the Thirty-fourth and then of the Eleventh
-North Carolina Regiments, and had done splendid service in
-clearing the enemy from the Roanoke river and in defending
-the Wilmington &amp; Weldon Railway.</p>
-
-<p>The four battalions assembled in Wilmington from Sugar
-Loaf and Smithville. Through the efforts of Major French,
-the troops were here shod. They were placed on flat cars
-and thus exposed, were transported to Weldon. The weather
-was intensely cold. More than once the train had to be
-stopped, fires made in the woods and some of the boys lifted
-from the train and carried to the fires and thawed out. Many
-went to sleep in their wet clothes to find them frozen stiff
-upon awakening. This suffering was undergone without a
-murmur. The old guard of Napoleon on the retreat from
-Moscow, never displayed more heroism and fortitude than
-did the boy-soldiers&mdash;the “Young Guard of the Confederacy.”</p>
-
-<p>Under the law, the reserves could not be required to cross
-their State lines, but without hesitation and without an exception,
-the brave boys at Weldon hurried on to Belfield, Virginia,
-there to meet the invading foe. The Federals withdrew,
-leaving their dead unburied, after a sharp fire and re<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span>pulse
-from the reserves who had just reached the battlefield,
-and the latter joined in the pursuit across the Meherrin river
-at Hicks’ Ford. On 17 December, 1864, the General Assembly
-of North Carolina, recognizing their heroism, passed the
-following resolutions:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>“<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, The Legislature has heard with satisfaction
-of the good conduct of the officers and soldiers of the Junior
-Reserves and Home Guards, who volunteered to cross the
-State line into Virginia, in order to repel the late advance of
-the public enemy on Weldon; therefore,</p>
-
-<p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That the officers and soldiers of the Junior Reserves
-and Home Guards, so acting, deserve the commendation
-of their fellow citizens, and are entitled to the thanks of
-this Legislature.”</p>
-
-<p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That a copy of these proceedings be transmitted
-to Lieutenant-General Holmes and Major-General R. C. Gatlin,
-that it may be communicated to the commands which
-they are intended to honor.”</p></div>
-
-<p>From Belfield the four battalions, together with the First
-and Second Regiments of Junior Reserves, were ordered, under
-Colonel Leventhorpe, to Tarboro to repel a Federal raid
-from Washington, N. C. The command moved to Hamilton,
-some miles below Tarboro. The enemy retired upon the advance
-of the Confederate troops. The battalions remained
-there a day or two and returned to Tarboro. The troops
-camped about a mile northeast of the town for several days.
-The boys were without overcoats, tents or tent flies, and lay
-upon the bare ground in the rain and sleet and snow. Many
-of them were frost bitten. A good old farmer along side of
-whose fence the boys camped on the first night of their stay,
-kindly gave them leave to start their fires by using the top rail
-of his fence. When he came back next morning there was
-not a rail to be seen. When he protested with some warmth,
-saying that they had taken more than he had given them leave
-to take, one wag said: “No, sir; as long as there was a top
-rail, we had your permission to burn it. We never took any
-but the top rail.” The old man laughed good naturedly and
-left.</p>
-
-<p>The severity of the experience of the Reserves on the Belfield
-expedition may be realized when it is stated that although<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span>
-they had been in camp over six months and had been somewhat
-enured to a soldier’s life, over one-half of them were
-sent to the hospital when the battalions returned to Wilmington.</p>
-
-<p>The command was marched from Tarboro to Goldsboro and
-by train was conveyed to Wilmington, and thence back to
-Sugar Loaf. There they remained under the command of
-General W. W. Kirkland until the battle of Fort Fisher.
-This officer was a splendid fighter and a superb soldier. He
-was Colonel of the Twenty-first North Carolina Regiment,
-and afterwards commanded Early’s Brigade, Pettigrew’s Division.
-He had taken part in many of the desperate battles
-of Virginia and had been twice severely wounded. He was
-transferred to Wilmington late in December and established
-his headquarters at Sugar Loaf.</p>
-
-
-<h3>FIRST ATTACK ON FORT FISHER.</h3>
-
-<p>The three battalions composing the Third Regiment of
-Junior Reserves participated brilliantly in the defence of
-Fort Fisher, when attacked by General B. F. Butler and Admiral
-Porter on 23, 24 and 25 December, 1864.</p>
-
-<p>Fort Fisher was located on the point of a narrow peninsula
-which extends southwardly from New Inlet between the
-ocean and Cape Fear river, near its mouth. It defended
-Wilmington, the last remaining port through which army
-supplies, ammunition, clothing and food for Lee’s Army
-were brought in by blockade runners. Under its guns, the
-“Ad-Vance” brought in supplies of inestimable value to the
-North Carolina troops. Its defence was of supreme importance
-to the Confederacy. It was an earthen fort of an irregular
-form, with bastions at the angles. The land face, 250
-yards long, was continuous from ocean to river. The sea
-face was 1,300 yards long. Both faces were mounted with
-heavy guns, mortars and light artillery, presenting a formidable
-front to the enemy. It was the strongest earthwork
-built by the Confederacy, and really, as Admiral Porter said,
-“stronger than the Malakoff tower which defied so long the
-combined power of France and England.” Two miles above
-the fort were the Half Moon and the Flag Pond Batteries,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span>
-and a mile and a quarter below, and at the extreme end of the
-peninsula, Battery Buchanan with four heavy guns.</p>
-
-<p>When Butler’s expedition of 8,000 men set forth against
-it, the fort was garrisoned by only 667 men&mdash;a totally inadequate
-force for its defence. General Butler, with General
-Weitzel and his troops, appeared in transports off New Inlet,
-near Fort Fisher, on 15 December. The navy under Admiral
-Porter, did not appear until the 18th. He had collected
-the largest and most formidable naval expedition of
-modern times. The weather being stormy, prevented any
-hostile operations until the 23d. On the night of the 23d,
-Admiral Porter anchored a powder ship, containing 215 tons
-of powder, about 800 yards from the northeast salient of the
-fort. It was anticipated that the explosion of this mass of
-powder would greatly impair, if not destroy, the works, and
-the least effect expected was that the garrison would be so paralyzed
-and stunned as to offer but small resistance to subsequent
-attacks. The explosion did no more harm than a
-Chinese fire-cracker. Colonel William Lamb, then in command
-of the fort, wired General Whiting at Wilmington that
-one of the enemy’s fleet had blown up, so little impression did
-it make on him.</p>
-
-<p>General Benjamin F. Butler, of New Orleans fame, in his
-autobiography, gives an amusing account of an interview
-with Major Reece, who commanded the <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'Fourth Batalion'">Fourth Battalion</ins> of
-Junior Reserves and was captured at Fort Fisher. Butler
-says: “I inquired of him where he was the night before last
-(the night of the explosion of the powder boat). He said
-he was lying two miles and a half up the beach. I asked
-him if he had heard the powder vessel explode. He said he
-did not know what it was, but supposed a boat had blown up,
-<em>that it jumped him and his men</em> who were lying upon the
-ground, like pop-corn in a popper, to use his expression.” It
-is hard to tell which most to admire, Butler’s gullibility or
-Reece’s “jollying” extravagance.</p>
-
-<p>The next day, 24 December, was employed by Porter in
-bombarding the fort, dropping into it as many as 130 shells
-a minute. At this time the three battalions of Junior Reserves,
-about 800 strong, were encamped near Sugar Loaf, six
-miles up the Cape Fear river from the fort. On the night<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span>
-of the 24th, the Fourth, Seventh and Eighth battalions were
-assembled at Sugar Loaf under Brigadier-General William
-W. Kirkland. Major French had been temporarily assigned
-to the command of a regiment of Senior Reserves, but at his
-request was permitted to return to his own command and follow
-its fortunes. General Whiting directed General Kirkland
-to send these battalions to Battery Buchanan, there to
-take boat for Bald Head and relieve Colonel J. J. Hedrick
-and his seasoned veterans, in order that they might reinforce
-Fort Fisher. They marched soon after midnight through
-Fort Fisher to Battery Buchanan, on the extreme end of the
-peninsula. In the darkness, many of the boys while passing
-through the fort, stumbled into the holes which were made in
-every direction by the shells. All the battalions arrived at
-Fort Buchanan before day. The boat which was to carry
-them to Bald Head could not make a landing on account of
-the tide, whereupon Captain Bristol early in the morning reported
-in person the situation to Colonel Lamb, who ordered
-the Juniors into the Fort. This was early Christmas
-morning.</p>
-
-<p>Between Fort Buchanan and Fort Fisher is a clear, open
-beach, upon which a partridge could not hide himself, over
-which they must pass in full view of the fleet. As soon as
-the march began the fleet poured upon the command a terrific
-discharge of shot and shell. The first one killed at Fort
-Fisher was private Davis, of French’s Battalion of Juniors,
-who on this march was cut in two by a large shell. Another
-private was severely wounded by the same shell. Nothing
-but the poor practice of the fleet saved the boys from utter
-destruction on this perilous march. When they reached
-Fort Fisher a scene of desolation met their gaze. The barracks
-had been destroyed and the interior of the fort was
-honeycombed by holes in the ground large enough to bury
-an ox team, made by the huge shells from the fleet. French’s
-battalion and as many of the others as could be accommodated,
-were placed in the already over-crowded bomb-proofs. Those
-who could not obtain protection here were carried by Major
-Reece to the breastworks at Camp Wyatt, three miles above
-the fort. The gunboats soon discovered their presence there
-and enfiladed the trenches with a terrific fire. The boys sought<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span>
-shelter under the banks of the river, where they spent the day
-listening to the music of the great guns of the fleet and watching
-the great shells as they passed over them into the river&mdash;a
-grand, but not a very engaging spectacle.</p>
-
-<p>It was dark when Major Reece determined to take his
-command back to the fort. Late in the afternoon he heard
-the report of small arms in the direction of the fort. He
-knew that a land force was attacking the fort, and he felt
-that it was his duty to take his boys to the rescue. He
-marched them down the river towards the fort but unfortunately
-he failed to put out a skirmish line and fell upon a
-regiment of General Weitzel’s troops by whom he and a majority
-of his command were captured and carried to Point
-Lookout. The following is a list of the officers who were
-taken prisoners:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Major J. M. Reece, Captain J. R. Gaither, First Lieutenant
-J. M. Lawrence, of Company B, Eighth Battalion;
-First Lieutenant M. G. Tuttle, Company C, Eighth Battalion;
-Second Lieutenant George W. Yancey, Company C,
-Fourth Battalion; Second Lieutenant C. P. Pfohl, Company
-C, Fourth Battalion. Those officers who escaped were Captain
-A. L. Lancaster, Company B, Fourth Battalion; First Lieutenant
-G. R. White, Company A, Eighth Battalion; Second
-Lieutenant Amos Guy, Company A, Eighth Battalion; Third
-Lieutenant S. P. Steele, Company A, Eighth Battalion.</p></div>
-
-<p>First Lieutenant F. M. Hamlin, Company D, Fourth Battalion,
-a brave young subaltern, led part of his company up
-the river and escaped capture. They found their way to
-Kirkland’s Brigade at Sugar Loaf and rejoined their command
-at the fort next day.</p>
-
-<p>The fleet bombarded the fort until 12 o’clock Christmas
-day, when Butler landed 2,500 troops near the Half Moon
-Battery, about two miles north of Fisher. He immediately
-pushed up Curtis’ Brigade within a few hundred yards
-of the parapet of the fort. A skirmish line was then advanced
-to within seventy-five yards of the fort. Upon the
-approach of the enemy, the Junior Reserves sprang to the
-parapet of the land face which was swept by the guns of the
-fleet, and by a well-directed fire, delivered with a coolness
-which could not be excelled, they repelled the attack. One<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span>
-little fellow from Columbus County, whose name is not remembered,
-being too small to shoot over the parapet, mounted
-a cannon and fired from there as coolly as if he were shooting
-squirrels, until he fell wounded. About dusk the Reserves
-were ordered to the palisades in front of the parapet
-and immediately under the guns of the fort, where they remained
-till morning. The guns of the fort were discharged
-over their heads. The rain was descending in torrents. That
-night the Federals re-embarked most of their men.</p>
-
-<p>General Whiting in his report says: “Colonel Tansill
-was ordered to the command of the land front. The gallant
-Major Reilly, with his battalion and Junior Reserves, poured
-cheering, over the parapet and through the sallyport to the palisades.
-The enemy had occupied the redoubt (an unfinished
-fort) and advanced into the port garden. A fire of grape
-and musketry checked any further advance. The garrison
-continued to man the out-works and channel batteries throughout
-the night, exposed to a pelting storm and occasionally exchanging
-musket shots with the enemy. The fire had been
-maintained for seven hours and a half with unremitting
-rapidity.”</p>
-
-<p>Colonel William Lamb, the hero of Fort Fisher, who, under
-General Whiting, commanded the troops, in his report says:
-“At 4:30 p. m., 25 December, a most terrific fire against the
-land face and palisades in front commenced, unparalleled
-in severity. Admiral Porter estimated it at 130 shot and
-shell per minute. The parapet and the guns were manned
-by regulars and the Junior Reserves.</p>
-
-<p>“During the night the rain fell in torrents, wetting the
-troops and their arms, but it did not dampen their spirits nor
-interfere with their efficiency. * * *</p>
-
-<p>“On Tuesday morning the foiled and frightened enemy
-left our shores. I cannot speak too highly of the coolness
-and gallantry of my command.”</p>
-
-<p>Colonel Lamb at another time said: “Be it said to the
-eternal credit of these gallant boys that they, from this first
-baptism of fire, emerged with a reputation for bravery established
-for all time, and that to no troops more than these is
-due the honor of our splendid victory.”</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" id="i022">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i022.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">
-
-SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.<br />
-
-<table summary="nine photos">
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">1. John W. Hinsdale, Colonel.</td>
-<td class="tdl">5. H. W. Connelly, 2d Lieut., Co. C.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">2. W. Foster French, Lieut-Colonel.</td>
-<td class="tdl">6. J. M. Bandy, 2d Lieut., Co. E.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">3. W. W. King, 1st Lieut., Co. A.</td>
-<td class="tdl">7. D. S. Reid, 2d Lieut., Co. K.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">4. Jno. W. Harper, 2d Lieut., Co. C.</td>
-<td class="tdl">8. C. W. Taylor, Orderly Sergt., Co. C.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdc" colspan="2">9. J. L. McGimpsey, Private, Co. B.</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The troops were complimented in general orders by General<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span>
-Bragg for their heroism and gallantry. The heaviest
-loss suffered by any one command in the fort was by the
-Junior Reserves. Thus ended the first glorious defence of
-Fort Fisher.</p>
-
-<p>When the news was flashed to Raleigh that Butler’s ships
-had appeared off Fort Fisher, Lieutenant-General Holmes
-promptly tendered his services to assist in repelling the threatened
-attack and was assigned to duty by General Bragg in the
-city of Wilmington, where he was put in charge of the movement
-of troops at that point. The writer who accompanied
-General Holmes as his Adjutant-General, unfortunately did
-not participate in the battle of Fort Fisher. He is indebted
-to Lieutenant-Colonel French for most of the foregoing details.</p>
-
-<p>On 26 December, the reserves were moved to camp on Bald
-Head Island, where they remained on guard and picket duty
-for several days when they were ordered to Camp McLean, at
-Goldsboro, N. C.</p>
-
-<p>On 6 December, there had been an attempted consolidation
-of these three battalions near Sugar Loaf, when Captain
-William R. Johns was elected Colonel; Captain C. N. Allen,
-Lieutenant-Colonel; and A. B. Johns, Major. Captain W. R.
-Johns, a disabled officer, was then in the enrollment service
-under Colonel Peter Mallett, the Commandant of Conscripts
-of North Carolina, and being unable to undergo the hardships
-and exposure of camp life, declined the election. Captain Allen,
-the Lieutenant-Colonel, declined for the same reason.
-Major Johns was never assigned and never entered upon the
-discharge of the duties of Major and so the battalions continued
-to serve under separate organizations. Major Johns
-afterwards formally tendered his resignation, which was accepted.</p>
-
-
-<h3>ORGANIZATION.</h3>
-
-<p>On 3 January, 1865, while the regiment was at Camp McLean,
-near Goldsboro, it was finally organized by the election
-of Captain John W. Hinsdale, Colonel; W. F. French,
-Lieutenant-Colonel, and Captain A. B. Ellington, Major.
-On 7 January the last two were assigned to duty. Frank M.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span>
-Hamlin, one of the gallant young officers who refused to surrender
-with Major Reece, was appointed Adjutant. But
-from time to time Lieutenants W. W. King, Andrew J. Burton
-and Frank S. Johnson, son of Senator R. W. Johnson, of
-Arkansas, who had shortly theretofore left the University of
-North Carolina and volunteered in the Third Regiment, acted
-as Adjutant. J. K. Huston was appointed Quartermaster
-Sergeant, and George B. Haigh, of Fayetteville, grandson of
-the Hon. George E. Badger, Commissary Sergeant. Drs. E.
-B. Simpson and J. S. Robinson were assigned to the regiment
-as Surgeon and Assistant Surgeon.</p>
-
-<p>The companies composing the regiment were then lettered
-and designated as follows:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company A</span>&mdash;<em>From Guilford County</em>&mdash;Captain, John W.
-Pitts.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company B</span>&mdash;<em>From Alamance and Forsyth Counties</em>&mdash;Captain,
-A. L. Lancaster.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company C</span>&mdash;<em>From Stokes and Person Counties</em>&mdash;Captain,
-R. F. Dalton.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company D</span>&mdash;<em>From New Hanover, Brunswick and Columbus
-Counties</em>&mdash;Captain, John D. Kerr.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company E</span>&mdash;<em>From Catawba County</em>&mdash;Captain, J. R.
-Gaither.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company F</span>&mdash;<em>From Iredell and Rowan Counties</em>&mdash;Captain,
-W. G. Watson.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company G</span>&mdash;<em>From Burke and Caldwell Counties</em>&mdash;Captain,
-L. A. Bristol.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company H</span>&mdash;<em>From Cumberland, Robeson and Harnett
-Counties</em>&mdash;Captain, D. S. Byrd.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company I</span>&mdash;<em>From Richmond County</em>&mdash;Captain, A. B.
-McCollum.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Company K</span>&mdash;<em>From Rockingham County</em>&mdash;Lieutenant, F.
-M. Hamlin.</p></div>
-
-<p>Colonel Hinsdale, upon receiving notice in the city of Raleigh
-of his election, at once signified his acceptance, but it
-was questioned by General Holmes whether he was eligible
-under the orders of the War Department, by reason of the
-fact that he was not a disabled officer. The matter was re<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span>ferred
-to the authorities in Richmond and after considerable
-delay the department decided in Colonel Hinsdale’s favor
-and he was assigned to the command of the regiment on 14
-February, 1865, by the following all too partial general
-order:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">Headquarters Reserves North Carolina, &nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
-Raleigh, N. C.</span>, 14 February, 1865.</p>
-
-<p class="noindent"><em>General Orders No. 4.</em></p>
-
-<p>“Major C. S. Stringfellow, Assistant Adjutant-General
-C. S. P. A., will relieve Captain John W. Hinsdale, Assistant-Adjutant-General
-of Reserves of North Carolina, and
-the latter officer will proceed to join the Third Regiment Reserves
-of North Carolina as its Colonel, he having been duly
-elected to that office on 3 January, 1865.</p>
-
-<p>“The Lieutenant-General commanding in taking leave of
-Colonel Hinsdale, tenders his warm congratulations on his
-promotion and earnestly hopes that the intelligence, zeal and
-gallantry, which has characterized his services as a staff officer
-may be matured by experience into greater usefulness in his
-new and more extended sphere.</p>
-
-<p class="right">
-“<span class="smcap">Theo. H. Holmes</span>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
-“Lieutenant-General Commanding.”</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>While at Camp McLean, near Goldsboro, the regiment was
-ordered to Halifax to repel another Federal raid. It remained
-there only a day or two, the enemy having withdrawn.
-It returned to Goldsboro where it remained drilling
-and doing guard duty until the last of January. It was then
-ordered to Kinston and camped near the beautiful home of
-Colonel John C. Washington. It was here employed in constructing
-the breastworks and fortifications for the defence
-of the town and especially of the county bridge across the
-Neuse river. Kinston was in easy reach from New Bern
-and had been visited by many Federal raiding parties from
-time to time. Our boys were heartily welcomed by the good
-people of that town.</p>
-
-<p>The rations which were issued to officers and men while
-here and at Goldsboro were very scant. They consisted
-of half a pint of black sorghum syrup, a pint of husky meal<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span>
-every other day, a third of a pound of pork or Nassau bacon
-and a few potatoes occasionally. The old soldiers will all
-remember Nassau bacon, a very gross, fat, porky substance
-which ran the blockade at Wilmington and was distributed
-among Lee’s veterans as bacon. When a ration of cornfield
-peas was issued, the boys were in “high jinks” indeed. But
-never was there collected together more uncomplaining men.
-They recognized the fact that the Confederacy was doing for
-them its best.</p>
-
-
-<h3>BATTLE OF SOUTH WEST CREEK.</h3>
-
-<p>Upon the discovery of the advance of the enemy from New
-Bern, whence they set out early in March, General Hoke’s
-Division was ordered to Kinston. On 6 March, the Junior
-Reserve Brigade, consisting of the First Regiment under
-Lieutenant-Colonel Charles W. Broadfoot; the Second under
-Colonel John H. Anderson, and the Third under Colonel
-Hinsdale, and Millard’s Battalion under Captain C. M. Hall,
-all under Colonel F. S. Armistead, marched through Kinston
-and across, to the south side of Neuse river, which here runs
-in an easterly direction, past the breastworks which they had
-so laboriously constructed. They marched down the river
-road which leads out in a southeasterly direction to Southwest
-creek. This creek is a sluggish, unfordable stream, which
-runs in a northerly direction and empties into the river about
-six miles below Kinston. The regiment was placed in some
-old breastworks on the margin of a swamp, about a hundred
-yards from the creek. Our pickets were stationed on the
-creek. The next day the enemy made their appearance on
-the other side of the stream and established a line of skirmishers
-and sharpshooters. During the day our skirmishers
-were engaged and occasionally a minie ball would whistle
-over the breastworks as each individual boy of the regiment
-believed, “just by my ear.” On the morning of 8 March,
-General Hoke, whose troops were also stationed along the line
-of the creek, was relieved by the arrival of D. H. Hill’s troops.
-Hoke’s Division crossed the creek and made a detour down
-the lower Trent road which crossed the British road at Wise’s
-Fork, about three miles in our front. The lower Trent road
-runs in a southeasterly direction to Trenton. The British<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span>
-road runs in a northeasterly direction towards the river. General
-Hoke with his usual dash surprised a Federal brigade,
-captured it and sent it to the rear. The reserves held the
-breastworks throughout the 8th. On the morning of the 9th,
-the reserves crossed Southwest creek on an improvised bridge
-constructed by them about 200 yards above the bridge on
-the Dover road which had been destroyed. This bridge was
-made by felling trees across the creek and covering them
-with lumber taken from Jackson’s mill in the vicinity. Line
-of battle was formed on the east side of the creek on swampy
-ground and the brigade was ordered forward under fire
-through fallen trees, brush, brambles, and bullets&mdash;making
-it difficult to preserve the alignment. They advanced as
-steadily as veterans, driving the enemy who were fresh troops
-from New Bern, well dressed, well fed, well armed and well
-liquored, as was evidenced by the condition of some prisoners
-captured. The Third Regiment suffered the loss of a number
-of brave officers and men, among them Lieutenant John
-W. Harper, a gallant young officer <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'of Campany C'">of Company C</ins>, from Caldwell.
-Here also Lieutenant Hamlin was wounded in the
-arm. That night General Hoke undertook a flank movement
-down the British road and the Neuse river road, the Junior
-Reserves being a part of his command. We could plainly hear
-the enemy at work on their fortifications. The night was
-rainy and so dark you could not see your hand before you.
-After marching through slush and rain about six miles, <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'we countermached'">we
-countermarched</ins> and returned. On the afternoon of the 10th
-all of our troops fell back to the entrenchments on the British
-road, and later in the day we re-crossed the Neuse, burning the
-bridge behind us, and marched through Kinston, our brigade
-camping at Moseley Hall. This retrograde movement was
-the consequence of the arrival of Sherman’s army in North
-Carolina.</p>
-
-<p>The operations near Kinston, sometimes called the battle
-of Kinston, but usually the battle of South West Creek, were
-upon the whole a Confederate success, and when the disparity
-in numbers between the contending forces is considered,
-were very creditable to the Confederates. General Bragg in
-general orders thanked the troops for their heroism and valor
-and complimented them upon their achievements.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span></p>
-
-<p>The arrival of Sherman in Fayetteville and the approach
-of the troops from Wilmington to form a junction with Sherman
-at Goldsboro, made it necessary for us to withdraw to
-prevent being cut off and in order to form a junction with
-General Johnston’s Army, which was moving in the direction
-of Smithfield. On 15 March Colonel John H. Nethercutt,
-of the Sixty-sixth North Carolina, was placed in command
-of our brigade which was permanently assigned to
-Hoke’s Division.</p>
-
-
-<h3>A MILITARY EXECUTION.</h3>
-
-<p>Arriving at Smithfield 16 March, we remained two days
-and there witnessed one of the saddest spectacles of the war&mdash;a
-military execution. The regiment constituted a part of
-the military pageant which attended the shooting to death of
-G. W. Ore, a private of Company B, Twenty-seventh Georgia
-Regiment, who had been tried and condemned for mutiny
-by a court-martial. The poor fellow was first marched
-around, to the solemn music of the Dead March, in front of
-the regiments which were drawn up in an open square, facing
-inwards, he was then made to kneel, and was tied to a stake on
-the open side of the hollow square. A detail of twelve men
-drawn up at ten paces from him performed the painful duty
-of carrying out the sentence of the court. At this late stage
-of the war, when the struggle was perfectly desperate and all
-hope of success had fled, the execution seemed to us to be little
-less than murder.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" id="i030a">
- <div class="caption">BENTONVILLE</div>
- <img class="w100" src="images/i030a.jpg" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter pg-brk" id="i030b">
- <div class="caption">AVERASBORO, N.C.,<br />
- fought March 16<sup>th</sup>, 1865.</div>
- <img class="w100" src="images/i030b.jpg" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<p>On 18 March we marched again, not to the West, but to
-the South. We knew that Sherman was approaching from
-that direction, and we surmised that there was serious work
-before us. General Joseph E. Johnston, who rode for a short
-distance on that day at the head of the Third Junior Reserves,
-said as much to its commander. Sherman was moving
-from Fayetteville in the direction of Goldsboro in two
-parallel columns, about a day’s march apart. General Johnston
-had determined to take advantage of the fact that Sherman’s
-left wing was thus separated from the right, and to
-strike a bold blow on the exposed flank at Bentonville in Johnston
-County.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span></p>
-
-
-<h3>BENTONVILLE.</h3>
-
-<p>As soon as General Hardee, 19 March, our corps commander,
-reached Bentonville with his troops, he moved by
-the left flank, Hoke’s (our) division leading, to the ground
-previously selected by General Hampton. It was the eastern
-edge of an old plantation, extending a mile and a half
-to the west, and lying principally on the north side of the
-road and surrounded east, south and north by a dense thicket
-of black-jacks. There was but one road through it.
-Hoke’s Division formed with its line at right angles
-to the road on the eastern edge of the plantation and
-its left extending some four hundred yards into the
-thicket on the south. The Junior Reserves constituted
-the right of Hoke’s Division and supported a battery
-of Starr’s Battalion of artillery commanded by Captain Geo.
-B. Atkins, of Fayetteville. The brigade of Juniors were led
-by Colonel John H. Nethercutt, who had superseded Colonel
-Armistead. This gallant officer was Colonel of the Sixty-sixth
-North Carolina Regiment&mdash;a plain, blunt man, but
-every inch a soldier. The Third Regiment threw out a skirmish
-line which was commanded by Captain Bristol and hurriedly
-constructed a rail fence breastworks. Here under a
-fire of artillery we suffered many casualties. The troops belonging
-to the Army of Tennessee were formed on the right
-of the artillery. A wooden farm house in front of the Third
-Regiment for some time afforded cover for a number of
-<ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'sharp shooters, who'">sharpshooters, who</ins> did excellent practice on our line, until
-Captain Atkins, with a few well-directed shells, caused them
-to pour out like rats from a sinking ship.</p>
-
-<p>The enemy soon thereafter charged Hoke’s Division, but
-after a sharp contest at short range was handsomely repulsed.</p>
-
-<p>On the morning of the 20th it was reported that the Federal
-right wing had crossed over to unite with the left wing
-which had been driven back, and was coming up rapidly upon
-the left of Hoke’s Division. That officer was directed to
-change front to the left. By this movement, his line was
-formed parallel to and fronting the road. Here light entrenchments
-were soon made out of dead trees and such material
-as could be moved with our bayonets. From noon to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span>
-sunset Sherman’s army thus united made repeated attacks
-upon Hoke’s Division of six thousand men and boys, but
-were uniformly driven back. The skirmish line of our brigade
-was commanded by Major Walter Clark, of the Seventieth
-Regiment (First Juniors), on the 20th and 21st. On
-the 21st the skirmishing was heavy, and the extreme of the
-Federal right, extending beyond our left flank made our position
-extremely hazardous in view of the fact that the bridge
-over the creek in our rear was our only chance of retreat.
-The Seventeenth Army Corps of the enemy late in the afternoon
-broke through our line considerably to the left, but by
-superhuman effort, its leading division was driven back along
-the route by which it had advanced.</p>
-
-<p>That night the Confederate Army re-crossed the creek by
-the bridge near Bentonville and were halted beyond the town
-two miles north from the creek. The Federals made repeated
-attempts to force the passage of the bridge, but failed in all.
-At noon the march was resumed and the troops encamped near
-Smithfield. Sherman proceeded on his way to Goldsboro
-to form a junction with Schofield, without further molestation.
-The Confederate losses in the battle of Bentonville
-were 2,343, while that of the Federals was nearly double.
-(For many of the foregoing facts, see Johnston’s Narrative,
-pages 381 and 393, from which liberal extracts have been
-made.)</p>
-
-<p>The Confederates never fought with more spirit, and the
-Federals with less, than in the battle of Bentonville. General
-D. H. Hill remarked upon this and said: “It may be
-that even a Yankee’s conscience has been disturbed by the
-scenes of burning, rapine, pillage and murder so recently
-passed through.”</p>
-
-<p>General Hampton said of this last great battle of the Civil
-War, that in his opinion it was one of the most extraordinary:
-“The infantry forces of General Johnston amounted to about
-14,100 men, and they were composed of three separate commands
-which had never acted together. These were Hardee’s
-troops, brought from Savannah and Charleston; Stewart’s
-from the Army of Tennessee; and Hoke’s Division of
-veterans, many of whom had served in the campaigns of Virginia.
-Bragg, by reason of his rank, was in command of this<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span>
-latter force, but it was really Hoke’s Division, and the latter
-directed the fighting. These troops, concentrated recently
-for the first time, were stationed at and near Smithfield,
-eighteen miles from the field, where the battle was
-fought, and it was from there that General Johnston moved
-them to strike a veteran army numbering about 60,000 men.
-This latter army had marched from Atlanta to Savannah
-without meeting any force to dispute its passage, and from the
-latter city to Bentonville unobstructed save by the useless and
-costly affair at Averasboro, where Hardee made a gallant
-stand, though at a heavy loss. No bolder movement was conceived
-during the war than this of General Johnston when he
-threw his handful of men on the overwhelming force in front
-of him, and when he confronted and baffled this force, holding
-a weak line for three days against nearly five times his number.
-For the last two days of this fight he only held his position
-to secure the removal of his wounded, and when he had
-accomplished that he withdrew leisurely, moving in his first
-march only about four miles.”</p>
-
-<p>The Junior Reserves lost quite a number of officers and
-boys in this battle. Their conduct was creditable to the last
-degree. General Hoke, their attached and beloved commander,
-thus writes concerning them: “The question of
-the courage of the Junior Reserves was well established by
-themselves in the battle below Kinston, and at the battle of
-Bentonville. At Bentonville you will remember, they held
-a very important part of the battlefield in opposition to Sherman’s
-old and tried soldiers, and repulsed every charge that
-was made upon them with very meagre and rapidly thrown
-up breastworks. Their conduct in camp, on the march, and
-on the battlefield was everything that could be expected of
-them, and I am free to say, was equal to that of the old soldiers
-who had passed through four years of war. On the return
-through Raleigh where many passed by their homes,
-scarcely one of them left their ranks to bid farewell to their
-friends, though they knew not where they were going nor
-what dangers they would encounter.”</p>
-
-
-<h3>THE LAST REVIEW.</h3>
-
-<p>The regiment remained in camp near Smithfield until 10<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span>
-April. During this time our corps under command of General
-Hardee was reviewed by General Johnston, General Hardee,
-Governor Vance and others. There was not in the grand
-parade of that day&mdash;the last grand review of the Confederate
-Army&mdash;a more soldierly body of troops than the Junior Reserves.
-Later in the day, Governor Vance made a stirring
-speech to the North Carolina troops, which by its eloquence
-aroused enthusiasm and caused the fire of patriotism to burn
-more brightly in our hearts. On 10 April we begun our last
-retreat before Sherman.</p>
-
-
-<h3>THE RETREAT.</h3>
-
-<p>On 12 April we reached Raleigh. I recall how we marched
-through Raleigh past the old Governor’s Mansion on Fayetteville
-street, facing the Capitol, then up Fayetteville street
-and west by Hillsboro street past St. Mary’s young ladies
-school in a beautiful grove on the right. How the servants
-stood at the fence with supplies of water for us to drink!
-How the fair girls trooped down to see us pass! How one
-tall, beautiful damsel exclaimed: “Why, girls, these are all
-<em>young men</em>,” and how one of our saucy Sergeants replied:
-“Yes, ladies, and we are all looking for wives!” It was in
-Raleigh that we heard the <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'heartrendering rumor'">heartrending rumor</ins> of General
-Lee’s surrender.</p>
-
-<p>Our line of march was through Chapel Hill. The University
-at that place was deserted and many refugees from the
-lower counties were again preparing to fly. After leaving
-Chapel Hill we camped on the Regulators’ Battleground,
-thence our line of march was on the Salisbury and Hillsboro
-road, over which 200 years before the Catawba Indians passed
-in their visits to the Tuscaroras in the East. Governor Tryon
-and later Lord Cornwallis had led their troops over this historic
-way in the vain endeavor to subdue the men whose sons
-now trod, footsore and weary, over the same old red hills, engaged
-in a like struggle for local self government.</p>
-
-<p>When we reached Haw river on Saturday, 15 April, we
-found the steam rising rapidly. In crossing the river, several
-of our boys were drowned by leaving the ford to reach
-some fish traps a short distance below and being caught by<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span>
-the swift current and swept down into the deep water.
-On reaching Alamance creek we had a novel experience.
-On account of heavy rains the stream was much swollen
-and the current very strong. General Cheatham’s command
-was moving in front of General Hoke’s Division and on attempting
-to ford the stream several men were swept down by
-the current, whereupon the others absolutely refused to move.
-This halted the entire column, and as the enemy’s cavalry
-were closely pressing our rear, the situation was becoming
-critical. General Cheatham rode to the front and learning
-the cause of the halt, ordered the men to go forward, but, emphasizing
-their determination with some pretty lively swearing,
-they doggedly refused to move, whereupon General
-Cheatham seized the nearest man and into the stream they
-went. After floundering in the water awhile, he came out,
-after repeating the process for a few times, they raised a
-shout and proceeded to cross. Three wagons, two with guns
-and one with bacon, capsized and were swept down the river.
-Some lively diving for the bacon followed, but I guess the
-guns are still rusting in the bottom of the creek. I am sure
-none of them were disturbed on that occasion.</p>
-
-<p>In the midst of the peril of the crossing of the river, Lieutenant-Colonel
-French realizing the danger to which the
-smaller boys were exposed, jumped from his horse, and stationing
-himself in mid-stream just below the line of march,
-rescued several of the brave lads from inevitable death.
-Standing there, watching his chance to save life, he was every
-inch the faithful officer and brave soldier, and no wonder the
-boys loved him. Within the last twelve months he, too, has
-crossed over the river and is now resting under the shade of
-the trees. Farewell my dear old comrade!</p>
-
-<p>We reached Red Cross, twenty miles south of Greensboro,
-late on 16 April. Here we stayed until the following
-Easter Sunday morning. On Saturday afternoon, a bright
-boy from Cleveland County, named Froneberger, was killed
-in camp by lightning within ten steps of regimental headquarters.
-His death was instantaneous. The next morning,
-17 April, after a scanty breakfast we made ready as
-usual to resume the march, but received no orders. We
-waited till noon, then all the afternoon, then till night, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span>
-still no orders. The next morning we heard that General
-Johnston had surrendered.</p>
-
-<p>We camped at Red Cross for a few days. Meanwhile it
-became known that we had not surrendered; but that Johnston
-and Sherman had undertaken to make terms for the surrender
-of all the then existing armies of the Confederacy and for
-the recognition of our state governments&mdash;one of the decent
-acts of Sherman’s life. But it came to naught by reason
-of its disapproval in Washington. The armistice which
-had been entered into for this purpose was terminated, and
-the toilsome, weary, hopeless march was resumed, but we all
-knew that the war was over.</p>
-
-<p>It was at this time that a quantity of silver coin, in Greensboro,
-belonging to the Confederate Government was seized
-by General Johnston and distributed among his officers and
-men&mdash;each receiving one dollar and twenty-five cents without
-regard to rank. The writer has in his possession the identical
-Mexican milled silver dollar which came to him on this
-occasion. On one side of it has since been engraved “Bounty
-to John W. Hinsdale for four years’ faithful service in the
-Confederate Army.” One hundred times its weight in gold
-would not purchase this old piece of silver, associated as it
-is with loving thoughts of comrades and heart-breaking memories
-of surrender.</p>
-
-<p>The regiment marched about eight miles to Old Center
-Meeting House, in Randolph County, staying here about
-three days and then we moved by way of Coleraine’s Mills to
-Bush Hill (now Archdale), and came to a halt one mile from
-old Trinity College.</p>
-
-
-<h3>THE SURRENDER.</h3>
-
-<p>General Johnston on 26 April made his final surrender of
-the army to General Sherman and on 2 May, 1865, at Bush
-Hill, all who remained of the one thousand boy-patriots of the
-Third Junior Reserves were paroled, and turned their faces
-sorrowfully homeward. The last roll had been called, the
-last tattoo beaten, and the regiment was disbanded forever.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" id="i038">
- <img class="w100" src="images/i038.jpg" alt="" />
- <div class="caption">
-
-A PAROLE FROM JOHNSTON’S ARMY.<br />
-Fac-simile of parole of Jno. W. Hinsdale, Colonel, 72d Regiment
-(3d Junior Reserves).
-</div></div>
-
-
-<div class="blockquotx">
-<p class="right">GREENSBORO’, NORTH CAROLINA,<br />
-<br />
-________________________ 1865.</p>
-
-<p>In accordance with the terms of the Military Convention, entered into on the twenty sixth
-day of April, 1865, between General <span class="smcap">Joseph E. Johnston</span>, Commanding the Confederate Army,
-and Major General <span class="smcap">W. T. Sherman</span>, Commanding the United states Army in North-Carolina,</p>
-
-<p class="center">_______________________________________________</p>
-
-<p class="noindent">has given his solemn obligation not to take up arms against the Government of the Unites States
-until properly released from this obligation; <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'and is ermitted'">and is permitted</ins> to return to his home, not to be
-disturbed by the United States authorities so long as he observe this obligation and obey the
-laws in force where he may reside.</p>
-
-<p class="center">
-_______________________ <span class="pad4">_____________________</span></p>
-
-<p class="center">
-_______________ U. S. A., <span class="pad6">_____________ C. S. A.,</span></p>
-
-<p class="center">
-<em>Special Commissioner</em>. <span class="pad8"><em>Commanding</em>.</span></p>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span></p>
-
-<p>This was the end of all our hopes and aspirations. Might
-had prevailed over right, and the conquered banner had been
-furled for all time.</p>
-
-<p>Judge Clark in his Regimental Histories reproduced <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'fac similes'">fac-similes</ins>
-of two paroles, one of an officer in the army of Northern
-Virginia, who surrendered at Appomattox Court House,
-the other, of the writer of this sketch, an officer of the last
-grand army of the Confederacy, commanded by General
-Joseph E. Johnston. This parole appears on the opposite
-page. It was in keeping the inviolate faith of a similar parole
-issued to our great commander, Robert E. Lee, that General
-Grant, be it said to his everlasting credit, stayed the hand
-of President Johnston, who, soon after the war, issued a
-shameful order for the arrest of the “noblest Roman of them
-all.” By this one act, General Grant won the respect and
-esteem of the entire South.</p>
-
-<p>North Carolina has much to be proud of. She was first
-at Bethel, she went farthest at Gettysburg, she was last at
-Appomattox, her dead and wounded in battle exceeded in
-numbers those of any other two States of the Confederacy together.
-But, her last and most precious offering to the cause
-of Liberty were her boy-soldiers, who at her bidding willingly
-left their homes, and marched, and fought, and starved, and
-froze, and bled, and died that she might live and be free.
-God bless the Junior Reserves. Their memory will ever be
-cherished by the Old North State they loved so well.</p>
-
-<p>The following patriotic lines, written by the author of the
-“Conquered Banner,” will appeal to the heart of many a
-mother whose young son marched away with the Junior Reserves:</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
- <div class="stanza">
- <div class="verse indentq">“Young as the youngest, who donned the Gray,</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">True as the truest who wore it,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Brave as the bravest he marched away</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">(Hot tears on the cheeks of his mother lay)</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Triumphant waved our flag one day&mdash;</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">He fell in the front before it.</div>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <div class="verse indent0">Firm as the firmest where duty led,</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">He hurried without a falter;</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Bold as the boldest he fought and bled.</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">And the day was won&mdash;but the field was red&mdash;</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">And the blood of his fresh young heart was shed</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">On his country’s hallowed altar.</div><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <div class="verse indent0">On the trampled breast of the battle plain,</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">Where the foremost ranks had wrestled,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">On his pale pure face not a mark of pain,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">(His mother dreams that they will meet again),</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">The fairest form amid all the slain,</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">Like a child asleep he nestled.</div>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <div class="verse indent0">In the solemn shade of the wood that swept</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">The field where his comrades found him,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">They buried him there&mdash;and the big tears crept</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Into strong men’s eyes that had seldom wept,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">(His mother&mdash;God pity her&mdash;smiled and slept,</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">Dreaming her arms were around him).</div>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <div class="verse indent0">A grave in the woods with the grass o’ergrown,</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">A grave in the heart of his mother</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">His clay in the one lies <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note&mdash;Original text: 'lifeless aud lone'">lifeless and lone</ins>:</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">There is not a name, there is not a stone,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">And only the voice of the winds maketh moan</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">O’er the grave where never a flower is strewn,</div>
- <div class="verse indent4">But his memory lives in the other.”</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="right smcap padr4">John W. Hinsdale.</p>
-
-<p class="fs80 smcap pad2">Raleigh, N. C.,</p>
-<p class="fs80 smcap pad6">26 April, 1901.</p>
-
-
-<h3 class="p4">ADDENDUM.</h3>
-
-<p>The writer appends hereto two letters received by him
-approving the accuracy of the foregoing sketch&mdash;one from
-the distinguished jurist, who was his comrade in arms in the
-Junior Reserve brigade, and to whom the old soldiers owe a
-debt of gratitude for his monumental service in editing the
-Regimental Histories, the other by one of Lee’s best fighters
-and most trusted lieutenants, and the beloved commander of
-the boy-soldiers, whose valor is only equaled by his modesty.</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap pg-brk" />
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span></p>
-
-
-<p class="p4 center">STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,</p>
-
-<p class="pfs60">SUPREME COURT.</p>
-
-<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Raleigh, N. C.</span>, October 18, 1901.</p>
-
-<p class="p1 smcap noindent">Colonel John W. Hinsdale,</p>
-
-<p>My Dear Colonel,</p>
-
-<p class="center">*<span class="pad2">*</span><span class="pad2">*</span><span class="pad2">*</span>
-<span class="pad2">*</span><span class="pad2">*</span><span class="pad2">*</span>
-<span class="pad2">*</span><span class="pad2">*</span><span class="pad2">*</span>
-</p>
-
-<p>Let me congratulate you upon your sketch which is decidedly
-one of the most interesting and valuable in the whole
-four volumes, and your conclusion is the most eloquent and
-touching thing I have read in many days. The Juniors will
-take off their hats to you.</p>
-
-<p class="right">Your friend and comrade, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
-WALTER CLARK.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p4 center">SEABOARD AIR LINE&mdash;GEORGIA, CAROLINA &amp;
-NORTHERN RAILWAY CO.</p>
-
-<p class="p1 center smcap">R. F. Hoke, President.</p>
-
-<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Raleigh, N. C.</span>, January 4, 1901.</p>
-
-<p class="p1 smcap noindent">Colonel John W. Hinsdale,</p>
-
-<p>My Dear Colonel,</p>
-
-<p>I am pleased to read your sketch of the Third North Carolina
-Junior Reserve Regiment, that you kindly sent me,
-which is very accurate as to their service while they were in
-my command. Not knowing whether you intended me to
-keep it or not, I return it with my thanks, and wishing you a
-most happy and prosperous New Year, I am,</p>
-
-<p class="right padr4">Very truly your friend,</p>
-<p class="right">R. F. HOKE.</p>
-
-
-<div class="p4 transnote pg-brk">
-<a name="TN" id="TN"></a>
-<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p>
-
-<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
-corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
-the text and consultation of external sources.</p>
-
-<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
-and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.</p>
-
-<p>
-<a href="#Page_5">Pg 5:</a> ‘insistance that’ replaced by ‘insistence that’.<br />
-<a href="#Page_15">Pg 15:</a> ‘Fourth Batalion of’ replaced by ‘Fourth Battalion of’.<br />
-<a href="#Page_23">Pg 23:</a> ‘of Campany C’ replaced by ‘of Company C’.<br />
-<a href="#Page_23">Pg 23:</a> ‘we countermached’ replaced by ‘we countermarched’.<br />
-<a href="#Page_25">Pg 25:</a> ‘sharp shooters, who’ replaced by ‘sharpshooters, who’.<br />
-<a href="#Page_28">Pg 28:</a> ‘heartrendering rumor’ replaced by ‘heartrending rumor’.<br />
-<a href="#i038">Pg 30 (Illustration):</a> ‘and is ermitted’ replaced by ‘and is permitted’.<br />
-<a href="#Page_31">Pg 31:</a> ‘fac similes’ replaced by ‘fac-similes’.<br />
-<a href="#Page_32">Pg 32:</a> ‘lifeless aud lone’ replaced by ‘lifeless and lone’.<br />
-</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Seventy-Second Regiment
-of the North Carolina Troops in the Wa, by John Wetmore Hinsdale
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