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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ef375e --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60349 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60349) diff --git a/old/60349-0.txt b/old/60349-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index af7ec73..0000000 --- a/old/60349-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2623 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the Late Intended -Insurrection among a Portion of, by Unknown - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: An Account of the Late Intended Insurrection among a Portion of the Blacks of this City - -Author: Unknown - -Release Date: September 24, 2019 [EBook #60349] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ACCOUNT OF THE LATE INTENDED INSURRECTION *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, hekula03, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - AN ACCOUNT - OF - THE LATE - Intended Insurrection - AMONG - A Portion of the Blacks - OF THIS CITY. - - - Published by the Authority - - OF - - THE CORPORATION OF CHARLESTON. - - - (_THIRD EDITION._) - - - CHARLESTON: - PRINTED BY A. E. MILLER, - 4 Broad-Street. - - 1822. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - CITY COUNCIL, - - - AUGUST 13TH, 1822. - -“_RESOLVED, that the Intendant be requested to prepare for publication, -an account of the late intended Insurrection in this City, with a -Statement of the Trials and such other facts in connexion with the same -as may be deemed of public interest._” - - - TO THE PUBLIC. - - In complying with the objects of the above Resolution, I have not - been insensible to the difficulties and embarrassments necessarily - incident to the subject, as to what it might be politic either to - publish or suppress. With the advice, however, of the Corporation, I - have deemed a full publication of the prominent circumstances of the - late commotion the most judicious course, as suppression might - assume the appearance of timidity or injustice. Whilst such a - Statement is due to the character of our community, and - justification of our laws, there can be no harm in the salutary - inculcation of one lesson, among a _certain_ portion of our - population, that there is nothing they are bad enough to do, that we - are not powerful enough to punish. - - J. HAMILTON, jun. _Intendant_, - - _Charleston, August_ 16th, 1822. - - - - - AN ACCOUNT, &C. - - -On Thursday, the 30th of May last, about 3 o’clock in the afternoon, the -Intendant of Charleston was informed by a gentleman of great -respectability, (who, that morning, had returned from the country) that -a favourite and confidential slave of his had communicated to him, on -his arrival in town, a conversation which had taken place at the market -on the Saturday preceding, between himself and a black man; which -afforded strong reasons for believing that a revolt and insurrection -were in contemplation among a proportion at least of our black -population. The Corporation was forthwith summoned to meet at 5 o’clock, -for the purpose of hearing the narrative of the slave who had given this -information to his master, to which meeting the attendance of His -Excellency the Governor was solicited; with which invitation he promptly -complied. Between, however, the hours of 3 and 5 o’clock, the gentleman -who had conveyed the information to the Intendant, having again examined -his slave, was induced to believe, that the negro fellow who had -communicated the intelligence of the intended revolt to the slave in -question, belonged to Messrs. J. &. D. Paul, Broad Street, and resided -in their premises. Accordingly, with a promptitude worthy of all praise, -without waiting for the interposition of the civil authority he applied -to the Messrs. Paul and had the whole of their male servants committed -to the Guard-House, until the individual who had accosted the slave of -this gentleman, on the occasion previously mentioned, could be -identified from among them. - -On the assembling of the Corporation at five, the slave of this -gentleman was brought before them, having previously identified Mr. -Paul’s William as the man who had accosted him in the market, he then -related the following circumstances: - -‘On Saturday afternoon last (my master being out of town) I went to -market; after finishing my business I strolled down the wharf below the -fish market, from which I observed a small vessel in the stream with a -singular flag; whilst looking at this object, a black man, (Mr. Paul’s -William) came up to me and remarking the subject which engaged my -attention said, I have often seen a flag with the number 76 on it, but -never with 96, before. After some trifling conversation on this point, -he remarked with considerable earnestness to me. Do you know that -something serious is about to take place? To which I replied no. Well, -said he, there is, and many of us are determined to right ourselves! I -asked him to explain himself—when he remarked, why, we are determined to -shake off our bondage, and for this purpose we stand on a good -foundation, many have joined, and if you will go with me, I will show -you the man, who has the list of names who will take yours down.—I was -so much astonished and horror struck at this information, that it was a -moment or two before I could collect myself sufficiently to tell him I -would have nothing to do with this business, that I was satisfied with -my condition, that I was grateful to my master for his kindness and -wished no change.—I left him instantly, lest, if this fellow afterwards -got into trouble, and I had been seen conversing with him, in so public -a place, I might be suspected and thrown into difficulty.—I did not -however remain easy under the burden of such a secret, and consequently -determined to consult a free man of colour named —— and to ask his -advice. On conferring with this friend, he urged me with great -earnestness to communicate what had passed between Mr. Paul’s man and -myself to my master, and not to lose a moment in so doing.[1] I took his -advice, and not waiting, even for the return of my master to town, I -mentioned it to my mistress and young master.—On the arrival of my -master, he examined me as to what had passed, and I stated to him what I -have mentioned to yourselves.’ - -On this witness being dismissed from the presence of Council, the -prisoner (William) was examined. The mode resorted to in his examination -was to afford him no intimation of the subject of the information which -had been lodged against him, as it was extremely desirable in the first -place, to have the testimony of the other witness corroborated as to -time and place, that, from the confessions of the prisoner himself, it -might appear that he was at the fish-market at the period stated, and -that a singular flag, flying on board of a schooner, had formed the -subject of his observation. After a vast deal of equivocation, he -admitted all these facts, but when the rest of his conversation was put -home to him, he flatly denied it, but with so many obvious indications -of guilt, that it was deemed unwise to discharge him. He was remanded, -for the night, to the Guard-House, it having been decided to subject him -to solitary confinement in the black-hole of the Work-House, where, on -the succeeding morning, he was to be conveyed. - -On the morning of the 31st he was again examined by the attending Warden -at the Guard-House (having, during the night, made some disclosures to -Capt. Dove) on which occasion he admitted all the conversation which he -had held at the fish-market, with the witness before mentioned, and -stated that he had received his information from Mingo Harth, who was in -possession of the muster-roll of the insurgents. - -With the hope of still further disclosures William was conveyed to the -Work-House and placed in solitary confinement. The individuals (Mingo -Harth and Peter Poyas) against whom he gave information, as those who -had communicated to him the intelligence of the plot for raising an -insurrection, were forthwith taken up by the Wardens and their trunks -examined. These fellows behaved with so much composure and coolness, and -treated the charge, alleged against them, with so much levity—(no -writings being found in their chests, containing the smallest suspicion, -excepting an enigmatical letter,[2] which was then too obscure for -explanation, and to which subsequent events only afforded a clue)—that -the Wardens (Messrs. Wesner & Condy) were completely deceived, and had -these men discharged. One of these (Peter Poyas) proved afterwards, as -will appear in the sequel, to be one of the principal ringleaders in the -conspiracy, on whose courage and sagacity great reliance was placed. - -Council being still under the conviction that William Paul was in -possession of more information than he had thought proper to disclose, a -Committee was appointed to examine him from time to time, with the hope -of obtaining further intelligence. Although Peter and Mingo had been -discharged, yet it was deemed advisable to have them watched, and -consequently spies were employed of their own colour for this purpose, -in such a manner as to give advices of all their movements. - -Things remained in this state for six or seven days, until about the 8th -of June, when William, who had been a week in solitary confinement, -beginning to fear that he would soon be led forth to the scaffold, for -summary execution, in an interview with Mr. Napier, (one of the -Committee appointed to examine him) confessed, that he had for some time -known of the plot, that it was very extensive, embracing an -indiscriminate massacre of the whites, and that the blacks were to be -headed by an individual, who carried about him a charm which rendered -him invulnerable. He stated, that the period fixed for the rising, was -on the second Sunday in June. This information was without delay -conveyed to his Excellency the Governor, and Council forthwith convened. -Whatever faith we might have been disposed to place in the unsupported -and equivocal testimony of William, it was not conceived to be a case in -which our doubts should influence our efforts for preparation and -defence. Measures were consequently promptly taken, to place the City -Guard in a state of the utmost efficiency. Sixteen hundred rounds of -ball cartridges were provided, and the centinels and patrols ordered on -duty with loaded arms. Such had been our fancied security, that the -guard had previously gone on duty without muskets, with sheathed -bayonets and bludgeons. - -Three or four days now elapsed, and notwithstanding all our efforts, we -could obtain no confirmation of the disclosures of William, on the -contrary, they seemed to have sustained some invalidation, from the -circumstance, of one of the individuals (Ned Bennett) whom he named as a -person who had information in relation to the insurrection, coming -voluntarily to the Intendant, and soliciting an examination, if he was -an object of suspicion. In this stage of the business, it was not deemed -advisable prematurely to press these examinations, as it might have a -tendency to arrest any further developments. - -On the night, however, of Friday the 14th, the information of William -was amply confirmed, and details infinitely more abundant and -interesting afforded. At 8 o’clock on this evening, the Intendant -received a visit from a gentleman, who is advantageously known in this -community for his worth and respectability. - -This gentleman, with an anxiety, which the occasion was well calculated -to beget, stated to the Intendant, that, having the most unbounded -confidence in a faithful slave belonging to his family, who was -distinguished alike for his uncommon intelligence and integrity, he was -induced to inform him, that rumors were abroad of an intended -insurrection of the blacks, and that it was said, that this movement had -been traced to some of the coloured members of Dr. Palmer’s church, in -which he was known to be a class leader.—On being strongly enjoined to -conceal nothing, he, the next day, Friday the 14th, came to his master, -and informed him, that the fact was really so, that a public disturbance -was contemplated by the blacks, and not a moment should be lost in -informing the constituted authorities, as the succeeding Sunday, the -16th, at 12 o’clock, at night, was the period fixed for the rising, -which, if not prevented, would inevitably occur at that hour. This -slave, it appears, was in no degree connected with the plot, but he had -an intimate friend, A—— (one of his class) who had been trusted by the -conspirators with the secret, and had been solicited by them to join -their association; to this A—— first appeared to consent, but, on no -period absolutely sent in his adhesion. According to the statement which -he afterwards made himself to the Court, it would seem that it was a -subject of great regret and contrition with him, that he had ever -appeared to lend his approbation to a scheme so wicked and atrocious, -and that he sought occasion to make atonement, by divulging the plot, -which on the 14th he did, to the slave of the gentleman in question, his -class leader.[3] - -This gentleman, therefore, mentioned, that his servant had informed him, -that A——[4] had stated, that about three months ago, Rolla, belonging to -Governor Bennett, had communicated to him the intelligence of the -intended insurrection, and had asked him to join—‘That he remarked, in -the event of their rising, they would not be without help, as the people -from San Domingo and Africa would assist them in obtaining their -liberty, if they only made the motion first themselves. That if A—— -wished to know more, he had better attend their meetings, where all -would be disclosed.’ After this, at another interview, Rolla informed -A——, that ‘the plan was matured, and that on Sunday night, the 16th -June, a force would cross from James’ Island and land on South Bay, -march up and seize the Arsenal and Guard-House, that another body at the -same time would seize the Arsenal on the Neck, and a third would -rendezvous in the vicinity of his master’s mills. They would then sweep -the town with fire and sword, not permitting a single white soul to -escape.’ - - -As this account was remarkably coincident with the one given by William -(Mr. Paul’s slave) as the witnesses could have had no possible -communication, or the story have been the result of preconcert and -combination, the sum of this intelligence was laid before the Governor -by 9 o’clock, and by 10 o’clock the commanding officers of the regiments -of the City militia, convened by his Excellency’s order, at the -residence of the Intendant. On this and the succeeding afternoon, at -another meeting of the same individuals, such measures were determined -on by his Excellency, as were deemed best adapted to the approaching -exigency of Sunday night. - -On Sunday the 16th, at 10 o’clock at night, the following corps were -ordered to rendezvous for guard— - -Capt. Cattel’s Corps of _Hussars_, Capt. Miller’s _Light Infantry_, -Capt. Martindale’s _Neck Rangers_, _Charleston Riflemen_, and _City -Guard_.[5] - -The whole were organized as a detachment, and placed under the command -of Col. R. Y. Hayne. Although there was necessarily great excitement, -and among the female part of our community much alarm, yet, the night -passed off without any thing like commotion or disturbance, and it is -peculiarly honorable to the corps on service, that in a populous town, -the streets filled until a late hour with persons, uncertain whether it -was safe to go to _rest_ or _not_, not a single case of false alarm was -excited. A steadiness altogether praiseworthy, in troops unaccustomed to -guard duty, at least on an occasion involving such deep interest and -distressing anxiety. - -The conspirators finding the whole town encompassed at 10 o’clock, by -the most vigilant patrols, did not dare to show themselves, whatever -might have been their plans. In the progress of the subsequent -investigation, it was distinctly in proof, that but for these military -demonstrations, the effort would unquestionably have been made; that a -meeting took place on Sunday afternoon, the 16th, at 4 o’clock, of -several of the ringleaders, at Denmark Vesey’s, for the purpose of -making their preliminary arrangements, and that early in the morning of -Sunday, Denmark despatched a courier, to order down some country negroes -from Goose Creek, which courier had endeavored in vain to get out of -town. - -No developement of the plot having been made on Sunday night, and the -period having passed, which was fixed on for its explosion, it now -became the duty of the civil authority to take immediate steps for the -apprehension, commitment, and trial of those against whom they were in -possession of information. Council was accordingly convened, and as a -preliminary measure, it was deemed expedient, that a Court of the -highest respectability, for the talents and integrity of its members, -should be assembled, and that, whilst the requisitions of the Act of -Assembly, of 1740, should be strictly complied with, in devolving the -warrant of summons on the Magistrates; the Corporation saw no -impropriety in affording these officers a list of such names of -Freeholders, as they knew would meet in a preeminent degree the public -approbation; and to these persons private letters were written by the -authority of Council, strongly soliciting their acceptance of a trust, -involving indeed the most irksome labour, as well as the deepest -responsibility. In conformity with these arrangements, the following -Court was organized on the evening of the 17th:— - - _Magistrates_, - LIONEL H. KENNEDY, } - and } Esqrs. - THOMAS PARKER, } - - _Freeholders_, - Colonel WILLIAM DRAYTON, - NATH’L. HEYWARD, } - J. R. PRINGLE, } Esqrs. - JAMES LEGARE, } - R. J. TURNBULL. } - -Cotemporaneously with the organization of this Court, a Committee of -Vigilance and Safety was appointed from among the Members of Council, to -aid the Intendant in the execution of the laws; to co-operate with him -during the recess of Council, in all those measures necessary for -exploring the causes and character of the existing disturbance, and -bringing to light and punishment the suspected and guilty. How ably -these functions were discharged by this Committee, it is not befitting -the occasion or the circumstances under which this publication appears -to dwell. Their generous devotion and unremitting assiduity to the -public interests and safety, are left to the more appropriate -appreciation of a community that witnessed their labours. This Committee -consisted of Messrs. Wesner, Napier, Condy, Burger, and Simons, and were -zealously aided by the rest of the Wardens; and for its service, four of -the most active, intelligent, and confidential non-commissioned officers -of the City Guard, were detached as Police Officers, to search suspected -places, and to apprehend those for whom warrants might be issued. This -Committee commenced its labours on the night of the 17th, and during the -ensuing twenty-four hours, the following slaves were committed:—_Rolla_, -_Batteau_, _Matthias_ and _Ned_, the property of the Governor Bennett; -_Mungo_ and _Peter_, the property of James Poyas; _Amhurst_, the -property of Mrs. Lining; _Stephen_, the property of T. R. Smith; -_Richard_ and _John_, the property of Jonathan Lucas. - -On the morning of the 19th of June, the Court of Magistrates and -Freeholders assembled at the Court-House, were sworn in, and proceeded -to the arraignment of the above prisoners for trial. Who were charged -“_with attempting to raise an insurrection among the Blacks against the -Whites_.” In order that the public may understand the offence as defined -in the Act of 1740, the clause, at length, will be found in the -Appendix, marked (A.) - -Before we proceed to a brief (and it necessarily must be very brief) -abstract of the testimony offered in the cases brought before the Court, -it may not be unimportant to observe, that, previous to their proceeding -to the painful investigation with which they were charged, they laid -down a variety of rules for their government, all of them subservient to -justice as well as humanity. In the first place, it was decided, that -the testimony should be regulated by those established rules of -evidence, which are elsewhere found so important in the exposition of -truth; that no slave should be tried but in the presence of his Master -or his Attorney; that the testimony of one witness, unsupported by -circumstances, should lead to no conviction involving capital -punishment; and that the statement of the party himself, should be heard -in explanation of such particulars, as seemed most inculpatory. - - - THE COURT, - -Being thus organized, they proceeded to the trial of ROLLA, the slave of -Governor Bennett:— - - JACOB AXSON, Esq. attending as Attorney of his master. - -It was proved, that _Rolla_ had confessed to two persons, both of whom -were examined by the Court, that he belonged to the conspiracy, and with -one of these witnesses (his friend) he used every effort to induce him -to join in the insurrection, which Rolla stated was to take place on the -night of the 16th of June.—Finding that this friend (the witness in -question) would not join the association, he urged him to go out of town -on Sunday night, lest some harm should come to him. Rolla represented -himself as the commander of the Force which was to rendezvous in the -vicinity of his master’s mills, and explained to the witness fully the -order of attack; the division of the forces; and said, “that his troops, -in their way into town, would fix his Old Buck (his master) and the -Intendant.” On being asked whether it was intended to kill the women and -children, he remarked when we have done with the men we know what to do -with the women.—On this testimony Rolla was found _guilty_, and -sentenced to be executed on the 2d of July.[6] - - -BATTEAU was next tried— - -It was proved that _Batteau_ confessed to two persons (both of whom were -introduced as witnesses) that he belonged to the conspiracy, and made -efforts to induce them to join in the rising, by representing the extent -of their preparations, and the probability of their success. He stated -he was to head a party near Canon’s bridge, and that he expected aid -from the country.—More than one interview took place between Batteau and -the witnesses on the subject; the last, on the Sunday fixed for the -insurrection, on which he renewed his solicitations that the witnesses -should join him.—Batteau was found _guilty_, and sentenced to be -executed on the 2d of July. - - -STEPHEN, belonging to Thos. R. Smith, Esq. - -Was next brought before the Court, but the testimony being deemed -insufficient, and indeed, the Court being satisfied of his innocence, -directed his _discharge_. - - -PETER, the slave of Mr. James Poyas, was next tried. - -It was distinctly in proof, against _Peter_, that he had made great -efforts to induce others to join in the insurrection; and the testimony -represented him quite in the character of a chieftain or leader, for -which his boldness and sagacity unquestionably qualified him.—He -appeared, from the testimony, to have employed uncommon pains to remove -all the objections arising in the minds of those whom he attempted to -enlist, as to the probability of the success of the effort. And spoke -with great confidence of the succors which were expected from San -Domingo. It was strongly to be inferred, from all the witnesses stated, -that the difficult and dangerous sally of endeavouring to carry the Main -Guard-House was to have been confided to him, for he particularly -acquainted one of the witnesses with the combination of stratagem and -force with which he proposed to accomplish this object. - -Peter was found _guilty_ on this testimony, and sentenced for execution -on the 2d of July.[7] - - -AMHERST, belonging to Mrs. Lining, was next examined, found _not -guilty_, and _discharged_. - - -The Court then proceeded to the trial of NED, the property of Governor -Bennett. - -_Ned’s_ guilt was proved fully by the same witnesses that appeared -against Peter Poyas, with whom it was established he was in the habit of -frequent consultation on the efforts that were to be made. Subsequent -disclosures have justified very strongly the finding of the Court -against him, and placed it beyond a doubt, that he was a ringleader, and -was to have headed a force in the vicinity of the Lines. - -He was found _guilty_, and sentenced for execution on the 2d of July. - - -On the 24th of June, the Court discharged as _not guilty_, _Samuel -Guifford_ and _Robert Hadden_, two free persons of colour, as also -_Matthias_, the slave of Governor Bennett; _Mungo_, the slave of Mr. -Poyas; _Robert_, the slave of Mr. Harth, and _Richard_ and _John_, the -slaves of Mr. Lucas. - -On the 25th of June, the Court examined the cases of _Jim_, belonging to -Mr. Ancrum; _Sandy_, belonging to Mr. Holmes, and _Friday_, the property -of Mr. Rout, all of whom were found _not guilty_, and _discharged_. - - - On Wednesday, the 26th of June, the Court proceeded to the trial of - ABRAHAM, the slave of Dr. Poyas. - -The only proof adduced against _Abraham_, was the following letter, -found in the trunk of Peter Poyas, and acknowledged by Abraham to have -been written by himself,— - - “DEAR SIR,—With pleasure I give you an answer. I will endeavour to - do it. Hoping that God will be in the midst to help his own. Be - particular and make a sure remark. Fear not, the Lord God that - delivered Daniel is able to deliver us. All that I inform agreed. I - am gone up to Beach-Hill.” - - (Signed) - - ABRAHAM POYAS.” - -Although this letter was extremely suspicious, yet, there being no other -testimony against Abraham, he was found _not guilty_ of the charge ‘of -attempting to raise an insurrection among the blacks against the -whites.’ - - - On Thursday the 27th, DENMARK VESEY, a free black man, was brought - before the Court for trial, - - Assisted by his Counsel, G. W. CROSS, Esq. - -It is perhaps somewhat remarkable, that at this stage of the -investigation, although several witnesses had been examined, the -_atrocious_ guilt of _Denmark Vesey_ had not been as yet fully unfolded. -From the testimony of most of the witnesses, however, the Court found -enough, and amply enough, to warrant the sentence of death, which, on -the 28th, they passed on him. But every subsequent step in the progress -of the trials of others, lent new confirmation to his overwhelming -guilt, and placed him beyond a doubt, on the criminal eminence of having -been the individual, in whose bosom the nefarious scheme was first -engendered. There is ample reason for believing, that this project was -not, with him, of recent origin, for it was said, he had spoken of it -for upwards of four years. - -These facts of his guilt the journals of the Court will disclose—that no -man can be proved to have spoken of or urged the insurrection prior to -himself. All the channels of communication and intelligence are traced -back to him. His house was the place appointed for the secret meetings -of the conspirators, at which he was invariably a leading and -influential member; animating and encouraging the timid, by the hopes of -prospects of success; removing the scruples of the religious, by the -grossest prostitution and perversion of the sacred oracles, and -inflaming and confirming the resolute, by all the savage fascinations of -blood and booty. - -The peculiar circumstances of guilt, which confer a distinction on his -case, will be found narrated in the confessions of Rolla, Monday Gell, -Frank and Jesse, in the Appendix. He was sentenced for execution on the -2d July.[8] - - -The Court tried JESSE, the slave of Mr. Thomas Blackwood. - -The testimony against _Jesse_ was very ample. His activity and zeal, in -promoting the views of Denmark Vesey, in relation to the plot, were -fully proved. He had engaged with Vesey to go out of town on Sunday the -16th, to bring down some negroes from the country, to aid in the rising -on that night; and remarked, to the witnesses, on his way to Hibbens’ -ferry, “if my father does not assist I will cut off his head.” All the -particulars in proof against him, he confirmed after receiving his -sentence, by his own full and satisfactory Confession, which will be -found in the Appendix, marked (H.) - -This man excited no small sympathy, not only from the apparent sincerity -of his contrition, but from the mild and unostentatious composure with -which he met his fate. - -Sentence of death was passed on these six men, on the 28th of June, and -they were executed on the 2d of July. With the exception of Jesse and -Rolla, they made no disclosures; all of them, with those exceptions, -either explicitly or implicitly affirming their innocence. It is much to -be lamented that the situation of the Work-House, at this period, -precluded, after their sentence, their being separately confined; at -least, that Vesey could not have been subjected to the gloom and silence -of a solitary cell. He might have been softened, and afforded the most -precious confessions, as his knowledge and agency in the nefarious -scheme very far exceeded the information of others, who, however guilty, -seemed but the agents of his will. But these men mutually supported each -other, and died obedient to the stern and emphatic injunction of their -Comrade (Peter Poyas) “_Do not open your lips! Die silent, as you shall -see me do!_” It was, perhaps, _alone_, in Denmark Vesey’s power, to have -given us the true character, extent and importance of the -correspondence, it was afterwards proved, was carried on with certain -persons in San Domingo. - - -On the 1st of July the Court proceeded to the trial of MONDAY GELL, who, -together with CHARLES DRAYTON, had been apprehended; the first, on the -27th of June, and the latter, on the 2d of July. - -By referring to the Appendix (D.) & (E.) the nature of the testimony -against these individuals will be seen. In reference to the case of -_Monday Gell_ it was established that he had been a very important -ringleader, and that his shop, in Meeting-Street, was a place at which -many meetings were held; at all of which he was present, lending the -most zealous aid, and affording the strongest countenance; and if any -confirmation of his guilt should be sought for, it may be found in his -own confession in the Appendix (K.) After Monday Gell and Charles -Drayton were convicted there appeared to be a pause in our further -discoveries, and some prospect of the investigation closing with their -execution and that of John Horry, Harry Haig and Gullah Jack, (for the -guilt of the latter, see Appendix (D.) (E.) & (F.)) - - -On the 9th of July, however, these five men, were called before the -Court to receive sentence, and after it had been pronounced, with the -most impressive solemnity, they were withdrawn to a common ward in the -Work-House, for half an hour, until separate cells could be provided for -them. It was at this moment that _Charles Drayton_, overwhelmed with -terror and guilt, went up to _Monday_ and reproached him with having -induced him to join in a scheme which had placed him in such a miserable -and perilous situation. To this appeal Monday, not only confessed his -guilt, but observed to Charles—that their present fate was justly and -precisely what they had a right to expect, after their detected and -defeated project. On which there immediately ensued between them a -conversation on the extent of the guilt of others, in which Monday gave -Charles the names of many accomplices whom he had not previously known -in the plot;—the arrival of the blacksmith to iron the convicts, and the -turnkey to convey them to separate cells, interrupted the conversation. - -Charles, during the night of the 9th, sent for Mr. Gordon, who has -charge of the Work-House, and informed him that he was extremely anxious -to see the Intendant, as he had some important disclosures to make. By -day-light, on the morning of the 10th, this message was conveyed to the -person for whom it was intended, and Charles was visited at sun-rise. He -was found, in a state of the most lamentable depression and panic, and -he seemed prepared to make the most ample declarations from the fear of -death, and the consequences of an _hereafter_, if he went out of the -world without revealing all that he knew, in relation to the Conspiracy, -in which he had been so active an agent. Before his narrative was -received, he was most specially put on his guard, that no promises could -be made to him of a reversal of his fate, but that he might rest -satisfied, his condition could not be worse by his coming out with a -full disclosure of all that he knew. He then stated many particulars, -that had come to his own knowledge, proving a much wider diffusion of -the plot than, at that period, was imagined; and, after giving up the -names of several of his comrades, he mentioned the conversation which -had been commenced and broken off, in the common ward of the Work-House, -between Monday Gell and himself. As Monday, at this period, did not seem -disposed to make any confessions to others, whatever he might be -inclined to do to his friend Charles, it was considered important, that -the conversation between them should be renewed, and they were brought -together in the same cell, and left for twenty-four hours alone; but -some little stratagem was employed, to divert the suspicions of Monday, -that Charles was confined with him, merely for the purpose of getting -information out of him. - -On the morning of the 10th, the Court were convened, and apprized, -generally, of these new disclosures, which Charles had made, but as he -was still _closeted_ with Monday, he could not be examined on that day, -the Court adjourned to meet on the 13th; on which day Monday Gell’s own -confession was heard by them. Between the 10th and 13th, _Charles_ and -_Monday_ were separated (having been respited by His Excellency, the -Governor, at the request of the Court) and Charles, on his -re-examination afforded much important information, which he had derived -from Monday. On Monday’s having all this brought to his view, he -confessed his own guilt, as well as the truth of the statements which he -had made to Charles.[9] - - -Cotemporaneously with these communications, PERAULT, belonging to Mr. -Strohecker, was taken up, on the 10th, and on his being closely and -judiciously examined by his master, he gave a large mass of intelligence -confirming what had been related by Monday and Charles, and supplying -several deficiencies in their testimony, more especially that part of it -which related to the transmission of _certain_ letters to San Domingo. -These disclosures, with some further details which were obtained from -Harry Haig, (whose confession and subsequent testimony went to implicate -a corps of Gullah or Angola negroes, that had been organized under the -command of their Chief, Gullah Jack,) gave ample employment for three or -four days to the Committee of Vigilance, during which upwards of sixty -slaves were apprehended. - -It would very much transcend the limits necessarily prescribed to this -brief memoir, to go over all the trials that subsequently ensued, on -these fresh discoveries. As the most important part of the testimony, -adduced on these trials, is to be found in the Appendix, it is deemed -altogether, superfluous, to make a special application of it to each of -the cases, as this would result in a repetition fatiguing and -uninteresting to the reader. It will be sufficient to single out a few -of the cases most pregnant in interest, and to remark, that the Court on -its reorganization on the 13th, justly estimating the extent of the -labour before them, laid down certain rules of discrimination in the -guilt of the parties to which they give the most definite precision and -perspicuity, by adopting two classes of offence; the first involving a -primary and the second a minor degree of guilt. Under the first class, -they brought all those who were ringleaders, who had made a declaration -of their belonging to the association, and who had been present, aiding -and abetting in the contribution of money, arms or ammunition, at -Denmark Vesey’s, or who were in the constant habit of visiting Monday -Gell’s shop and Bulkley’s farm, for the purpose of obtaining and -communicating intelligence of the progress of the conspiracy. Those -found guilty in this class, were to be punished with death. Under the -second class were arranged those who had merely sent in their adhesion -to the ringleaders without ever having attended a meeting at Vesey’s, or -having been recognized by him as confidential men, or contributed to the -purchase of arms or ammunition, or endeavoured to enlist others. The -punishment which awaited those found guilty in this class, was -transportation beyond the limits of the United States.[10] - -By reference to the Calendar marked (S) in the Appendix, the names of -the prisoners committed will be found, and under a proper column, the -mode in which they were disposed of, whether by death, transportation, -or discharge, from the insufficiency of testimony. The extent of the -evidence adduced, therefore, against each individual, may be inferred -with accuracy, by observing the punishment awarded him; as the Court -adhered with great and rigid fidelity to these rules, which were in -unison both with justice and humanity. - -Among the vast number of cases disposed of by the first Court; in a -session of nearly six weeks, involving the most intense and unremitting -labour, it would be impossible to overlook the case of Jack Pritchard, -otherwise called GULLAH JACK. The testimony in the Appendix, of more -than one of the witnesses, will establish fully his guilt, and prove the -justice of the sentence, by which he was ushered into another world; but -no description can accurately convey to others the impression which his -trial, defence and appearance made on those who witnessed the workings -of his cunning and rude address. Born a conjurer and a physician, in his -own country (for in Angola they are matters of inheritance) he practised -_these arts_ in this country for fifteen years, without its being -generally known among the whites. Vesey, who left no engines of power -unessayed, seems, in an early stage of his design, to have turned his -eye on this Necromancer, aware of his influence with his own countrymen, -who are distinguished both for their credulous superstition and clannish -sympathies. It does not appear that Jack required much persuasion to -induce him to join in a project, which afforded him the most ample -opportunities of displaying his peculiar art, whilst it is very obvious -that his willingness, to do all that Vesey might require, was in no -little degree stimulated, by his bitterness and his gall against the -whites. Altho’ he had been fifteen or twenty years in this country, yet -he appeared to be untouched by the influences of civilized life.—If the -part which he was to play in this drama, bespoke that the treacherous -and vindictive artifices of war in his own country, existed in -unimpaired vigour in his memory, his wildness and vehemence of gesture -and the malignant glance with which he eyed the witnesses who appeared -against him, all indicated the savage, who indeed had been _caught_, but -not _tamed_. It would be both tedious and disgusting to relate the many -artifices employed by this miscreant to deceive and cajole his deluded -countrymen. Such was their belief in his invulnerability, that his -charms and amulets were in request, and he was regarded as a man, who -could _only_ be harmed but by the _treachery_ of his fellows. Even those -negroes who were born in this country seem to have spoken of his charmed -invincibility with a confidence which looked much like belief. When Jack -was dragged forth to the scaffold he seemed conscious that his arts -would stand him in little stead, and gave up his spirit without firmness -or composure. - - -The case of TOM RUSSEL, another of the Gullah Band, deserves a brief -notice. He was tried some days after Jack, and was executed among the -twenty-two Criminals hung on the Lines, on the 26th July. Tom was Jack’s -_armourer_, and kept his blacksmith’s shop on East-Bay. His part in the -conspiracy was confined to the making of pikes and spears, which it -appears he did on a very approved model. After these weapons were -finished, they were held subject to the order of Jack, and by him sent -up to Mr. Bulkley’s farm,[11] near the Cross Roads, where handles were -provided for them by Polydore Faber, a Gullah, who met his fate on the -same scaffold with Tom Russel. This farm was one of the principal -rendezvous of the Gullah Band, of which Jack was the Captain. - - -The trial of LOT FORRESTER, was not without interest, as he was the -_courier_ of the conspiracy, and was proved to have gone out of town, -for the purpose of inducing the country negroes to join in the -insurrection; his journeys were both south and north of Charleston. His -zeal and perseverance in the cause were strongly proved, and there is -every reason for believing that the conflagration of the city was -confided, by Vesey, to him. Match-rope was found in a situation where he -had probably secreted it.—He was hung on the Lines on the 26th of July. - - -BACCHUS HAMMETT, who was hung, also, on the 26th, did render, and was to -have rendered, on the night of the 16th, the most essential aid. Before -the latter period he had stolen from his master’s store a keg of powder, -which was conveyed, first to Vesey’s afterwards to Monday Gell’s, and -lastly to Gullah Jack, to be prepared into cartridges. On the night of -the 16th he was to have slept where the arms of the _Neck-Rangers_ were -deposited, and facilitated their seizure and distribution among Gullah -Jack’s corps, who were to have carried this post, as well as Mr. -_Duquercron’s_ store, in which there were 500 stands of arms, deposited -for sale. - - -The cases of JACK GLEN, BILLY PALMER, and JACK PURCELL, are -distinguished, not by any peculiar atrocity, but for the hypocrisy they -blended with their crime. Their assent to the plot was distinctly shown, -and it was in proof, that Vesey had recognized them all as his men. Jack -Glen was a Preacher. Billy Palmer, exceedingly pious, and a communicant -at the church of his master; and Jack Purcell no less devout. The case -of the latter was not without its pathos, from the deep contrition he -expressed before his execution; the distressing interest which his -mistress is said to have taken in his fate, and the lamentable delusion -under which he laboured, which is more particularly unfolded in his -confession, in the Appendix marked (L.)[12] Jack Glen and Purcell were -hung on the Lines. Billy Palmer has been respited by His Excellency, the -Governor, until October next, for a commutation of his punishment to -banishment beyond the limits of the United States. - - -The Court having used the testimony of _Monday Gell_, _Charles Drayton_ -and _Harry Haig_, very efficaciously, to the ends of public justice, -reconsidered the sentences, which had been passed on them, and instead -of death, sentenced them to transportation beyond the limits of the -United States. - - -As a matter of form, _Perault_, _John Enslow_ and _Billy Bulkley_, (who -had become witnesses for the state,) were then tried on their own -confessions, and sentenced to be transported beyond the limits of the -United States. These individuals were important witnesses in all the -apprehensions and trials subsequent to the 13th of July. - - -Perault gave his testimony with great fearlessness and candour, and -Enslow with much composure and connexion; the evidence of both, as well -indeed as that of most of the witnesses, was much appreciated by the -Court, after a severe scrutiny.[13] - - -This Court, having disposed of all the cases before them, adjourned on -the 26th of July. - - -At this stage of our investigation we were satisfied that of all the -ringleaders in the conspiracy, _William Garner_, (who had effected his -escape from the city about the 1st of July) only, remained to be -punished. As information had been received of his having travelled -towards Columbia, a proclamation was issued by His Excellency, the -Governor, for his apprehension, in promotion of the success of which -some subsidiary steps were taken by private means. On the 2d of August -our wishes, relating to Garner, were gratified, by his arrival in town. -He had previously been arrested at Columbia, thro’ the public spirited -efforts of the Intendant of that place and Lieut. Maxcy, who overtook -and apprehended him at Granby. - -On Garner’s arrival, a new Court was organized for his trial, and such -other cases as might be brought before them, by precisely the same means -as those which had been employed on the appointment of the first; and -the services of the following gentlemen secured, who were known to -possess, deservedly, a large share of the public confidence. - - _Magistrates_, - JACOB AXON, } - and } Esqrs. - G. M. FURMAN, } - - _Freeholders._ - Hon. JOEL R. POINSETT, - THOS. R. SMITH, } - R. Y. HAYNE, } Esqrs. - Col. THOMAS ROPER, - Col. JOHN GORDON. - -This Court adopted the same rules for their government which had been so -humanely and dispassionately adopted by the preceding Court, but, as -enough had been done for public example, they determined to visit -capital punishment on none but ringleaders. The first case they tried -was that of WILLIAM GARNER. - -Garner’s guilt had all the characteristics, which the Court had assigned -to the first class of turpitude; it was not only proved that he was -actively engaged in recruiting others, but that he was to have led a -troop of horse, at the rising, composed of all such of the conspirators -as might have appeared in the streets on horseback. And further, that he -had made an offer of a command to others in his corps. Four witnesses -having sworn positively to his guilt, detailing a variety of -particulars, mutually corroborating and supporting each other, he was -found guilty and sentenced for execution on the 9th of August, at which -period the sentence was carried into effect. This Court having, after a -short adjournment, of three or four, days recommenced their session, -disposed of twelve cases more, involving a minor degree of guilt, and -adjourned finally on the 8th of August. - -These trials, together with some private arrangements, made with their -owners, in reference to the banishment of several slaves, in cases where -their guilt was clear, but not of the first degree, have at length -closed the anxious and irksome labours of the corporation, after an -examination of little less than two months. - -It will be seen, by referring to the Calendar marked (S) that one -hundred and thirty-one were committed; thirty-five have suffered death, -and thirty-seven have been sentenced to banishment. The most important -object to be obtained in uprooting a conspiracy, we have fully -accomplished, by bringing to punishment the whole of the ringleaders. -Monday Gell, whose knowledge of the plot was, probably, exceeded only by -Vesey’s, has emphatically stated, that the ringleaders were the first -six, who were executed on the 2d of July, to wit: Denmark Vesey, Peter -Poyas, Ned Bennett, Rolla, Batteau and Jesse; to which he has since -added himself and William Garner, who was executed on the 9th of August. - -We, moreover, believe, that all who were active agents (though not -ringleaders) in the conspiracy, have expiated their crimes, or are about -to do so, by an eternal exile from our shores. It may be mentioned, in -confirmation of this belief, that Monday Gell, from memory, made out a -list of forty-two names, of those who were in the habit of visiting his -shop, for the purpose of combining and confederating in the intended -insurrection, whom he called his company; every one of whom have been -apprehended, and disposed of. We cannot venture to say, to how many the -knowledge of the intended effort, was communicated, who, without -signifying their assent, or attending any of the meetings, were yet -prepared to profit by events. That there are many who would not have -permitted the enterprize to have failed at a _critical moment_, for the -want of their co-operation, we have the best reasons for believing. - -Before we conclude, some notice of the probable causes of this -conspiracy may be expected. As this is a matter of speculation, we shall -not speak without reserve. Of the motives of Vesey, we cannot sit in -judgment; they have been scanned by a power who can do higher justice -than ourselves. But as they are explained by his character and conduct, -during the combinations of the plot, they are only to be referred to a -malignant hatred of the whites, and inordinate lust of power and booty. -Indeed, the belief is altogether justifiable, that his end would have -been answered, if, after laying our city in ashes, and moistening its -cinders with blood, he could have embarked with a part of the pillage of -our banks for San Domingo; leaving a large proportion of his deluded -followers to the exterminating desolation of that justice, which would -have awaited, in the end, a transient success. His followers were -slaves, and for them it would not be so difficult to assign a motive, if -it had not been distinctly proved, that without, scarcely an exception, -they had no individual hardship to complain of, and were among the most -humanely treated negroes in our city. The facilities for combining and -confederating in such a scheme, were amply afforded, by the extreme -indulgence and kindness, which characterises the domestic treatment of -our slaves. Many slave owners among us, not satisfied with ministering -to the wants of their domestics, by all the comforts of abundant food, -and excellent clothing, with a misguided benevolence, have not only -permitted their instruction, but lent to such efforts their approbation -and applause. - -Religious fanaticism has not been without its effect on this project, -and as auxiliary to these sentiments, the secession of a large body of -blacks from the white Methodist Church, with feelings of irritation and -disappointment, formed a hot-bed, in which the germ might well be -expected to spring into life and vigour. Among the conspirators _a -majority_ of them belonged to the _African Church_,[14] and among those -executed were several who had been Class Leaders. It is, however, due to -the late head of their church (for since the late events the association -has been voluntarily dissolved) and their deacons, to say, that after -the most diligent search and scrutiny, no evidence entitled to belief, -has been discovered against them. A hearsay rumour, in relation to -_Morris Brown_, was traced far enough to end in its complete -falsification. - -That the course which certain discussions assumed in Congress were -likewise efficacious in producing both discontent and delusion, is -sufficiently apparent. Jack Purcell’s confession in the Appendix, will -show to what a purpose Vesey applied those beautiful propositions of -civil and natural freedom, which were sported with a wanton recklessness -of their consequences, as applied to the condition of a certain portion -of our common country. - -It is consoling to every individual, who is proud of the character of -his country, in the late unhappy events, to be able to say, that, within -the limits of the City of Charleston, in a period of great and -unprecedented excitement, the laws, without even one violation, have -ruled with uninterrupted sway—that no cruel vindictive or barbarous -modes of punishment have been resorted to—that justice has been blended -with an enlightened humanity, in according to those who had meted out -for us murder, rapine and conflagration, in their most savage -forms—trials, which, for the wisdom, impartiality and moderation that -governed them, are even superior to those which the ordinary modes of -judicature would have afforded ourselves. - -With little to fear, and nothing to reproach ourselves we may, without -shrinking, submit our conduct to the award of posterity, and ourselves -to the protection of the Supreme Ruler of Events. - - - - - APPENDIX. - - - (A.) - -Every Slave who shall raise, or attempt to raise an Insurrection, in -this Province, or shall endeavour to delude or entice any Slave to -runaway and leave the Province, every such Slave and Slaves, and his and -their accomplices, aiders and abetters, shall, on conviction thereof, as -aforesaid, suffer death. _Provided always_, that it shall and may be -lawful, to and for the Justices who shall pronounce sentence against -such Slaves, by and with the advice and consent of the Freeholders as -aforesaid, if several Slaves shall receive sentence at one time, to -mitigate and alter the sentence of any Slave, other than such as shall -be convicted of homicide of a white person, who they shall think may -deserve mercy, and may inflict such corporal punishment (other than -death) on any such Slave, as they in discretion shall think fit, any -thing herein contained to the contrary thereof, in any wise -notwithstanding. _Provided_, that one or more of the said Slaves who -shall be convicted of the crimes or offence aforesaid, where several are -concerned, shall be executed for example, to deter others from offending -in the like kind. A. A. 1740. P. L. 167. - - - (B.) - -A negro man testified as follows:[15]—I know Peter, he belongs to Mr. -James Poyas; in May last, Peter and myself met in Legare street, at the -corner of Lambol street, where the following conversation took place—He -asked me the news—I replied, none that I know of—He said, by George! we -can’t live so. I replied, how will we do? He said, we can do very well, -if you can find any one to assist us—will you join? I asked him, how do -you mean? He said, why! to break the yoke; I replied, I don’t know. He -asked me, suppose you were to hear, that the whites were going to kill -you, would you defend yourself? I replied, I’d try to escape. He asked, -have you lately seen _Denmark Vesey_, and has he spoken to you -particularly. I said no. Well then, said he, that’s all now: but call at -the shop to-morrow after knocking off work, and I will tell you more! We -then parted.—I met him the next day, according to appointment, when he -said to me, we intend to see, if we can’t do something for ourselves, we -can’t live so. I asked him, where he would get men? He said, we’ll find -them fast enough, we have got enough, we expect men from country and -town. But how, said I, will you manage it. Why, we will give them -notice, said he, and they will march down and camp round the city. But -what, said I, will they do for arms. He answered, they will find arms -enough, they all bring down their hoes, axes, &c. I said, that won’t do -to fight with here. He said, stop! let us get candidates from town with -arms, and we will then take the Guard-House and Arsenal in town, the -Arsenal on the Neck and the Upper Guard-House, and supply the country -people with arms. How, said I, will you approach those Arsenals, &c. for -they are guarded? Yes, said he, I know that, but what are these guards, -one man here, and one man there, we let a man pass before us. Well, said -I, but how will the black people from the country, and those from the -islands, know when you are to begin, or how will you get the town people -together. Why, said he, we will have prayer meetings at night, and there -notify them when to start, and when the clock strikes twelve, _all must -move_. But, said I, the whites in the back country, Virginia, &c.; when -they hear the news, will turn to, and kill you all, and besides, you may -be betrayed. Well said he, what of that, if one gets hanged, we will -rise at that minute. We then left his shop, and walked towards Broad -street, when he said, I want you to take notice of all the shops and -stores in town with arms in them, take _down their numbers, and give -them to me_. I said, I will see to it, and then we parted. - -About the 1st of June, I saw in the public papers a statement that the -white people were going to build missionary houses for the blacks, which -I carried and showed to Peter, and said, see the good they are going to -do for us; when, he said,—What of that?—Have you not heard, that on the -4th of July, the whites are going to create a false alarm of fire, and -every _black_ that comes out will be _killed_, in order _to thin them_? -Do you think they would be so barbarous? (said I) Yes! (said he) I do!—I -fear _they have a knowledge of an army from San Domingo_, and they would -be _right to do it; to prevent us joining that army, if it should march -towards this land_! I was then very much alarmed. We then parted, and I -saw no more of him till the guards were very strict, (about a fortnight -ago.) At that time I saw Peter and Ned Bennett standing and talking -together, at the corner of Lambol and Legare-streets. They crossed over -and met me by Mrs. Myles’, and Ned Bennett said to me—did you hear what -those boys were taken up for the other day? I replied, No! but some say -it was for stealing. Ned asked me if I was sure I had never said any -thing to the whites about what Peter Poyas had spoken to me about? I -replied, No! Says Peter—You never did? No! I answered. Says Ned, to -me—How do you stand? At which I struck the tree box with my knuckles and -said, as firm as this box—I’ll never say one word against you. Ned then -smiled and nodded his head, and said—That will do!—when we all -separated. Last Tuesday or Wednesday week, Peter said to me—You see, my -lad, how the white people have got to windward of us? You won’t, said I, -be able to do any thing. O, yes! (he said) we will! By George we are -oblige to! He said, all down this way ought to meet and have a -collection to purchase powder. What, said I, is the use of powder—the -whites can fire three times to our once. He said, but _’twill be such a -dead time of the night, they won’t know what is the matter, and our -horse companies will go about the streets and prevent the whites from -assembling_. I asked him—where will you get horses? Why, said he, there -are many butcher boys with horses; and there are the livery stables, -where we have several candidates; and the waiting men, belonging to the -white people of the horse companies, will be told to take away their -master’s horses. He asked me if my master was not a horseman? I said, -Yes! Has he not got arms in his house? I answered, Yes! Can’t they be -got at? I said, Yes! Then (said he) it is good to have them. I asked -what was the plan? Why, said he, after we have taken the Arsenals and -Guard Houses, then we will set the town on fire, in different places, -and as the whites come out we will slay them. If we were to set fire to -the town first the man in the steeple would give the alarm too soon.—I -am the Captain, said he, to take the lower Guard-House and Arsenal. But, -I replied, when you are coming up, the Centinel will give the alarm. He -said, he would advance a little distance ahead, and if he could only get -a _grip at his throat, he was a gone man_, for his sword was very sharp; -he had sharpened it, and had made it so sharp, it had cut his finger, -which he showed me. As to the Arsenal on the Neck, he said, that it was -gone as sure as fate, _Ned Bennett, would manage that with the people -from the country, and the people between Hibbens’ Ferry and Santee would -land and take the Upper Guard-House_. I then said, then this thing seems -true. My man, said he, God has a hand in it, _we have been meeting for -four years, and are not yet betrayed_. I told him, I was afraid, after -all, of the white people from the back country and Virginia, &c. He said -that the blacks would collect so numerous from the country, we need not -fear the whites from the other parts, for when we have once got the city -we can keep them all out. He asked, if I had told my boys. I said no. -Then said he, you should do it, for Ned Bennett has his people pretty -well ranged. But, said he, take care and don’t mention it to those -waiting men who receive _presents of old coats, &c. from their masters, -or they’ll betray us_. I will speak to them. We then parted, and I have -not since conversed with him. He said the rising was to take place last -Sunday night, (16th June)—That _any of the coloured people who said a -word about this matter would be killed by the others. The little man, -who can’t be killed, shot or taken_ is named Jack, a Gullah Negro. Peter -said there was a French Company in town of three hundred men fully -armed—that he was to see Monday Gell, about expediting the rising. I -know that Mingo went often to Mr. Paul’s to see Edwin, but don’t know if -he spoke with William. Peter said he had a sword, and I ought to get -one. He said he had got a letter from the country; I think from St. -Thomas’, from a negro man who belonged to the captain of a militia -company, who said he could easily get the key of the house where the -company’s arms were put after muster, and take them all out, and help in -that way. This business originates altogether with the _African -Congregation_, in which Peter is a leader. When Bennett’s Ned asked -about those taken up, he alluded particularly to Mr. Paul’s William, and -asked me if I said any thing to him about it. - - -_The voluntary confession of ROLLA, to the Court, made after his trial, - but before sentence was passed on him._ - -I know Denmark Vesey, on one occasion, he asked me what news? I told -him, none. He replied, we are free, but the white people here won’t let -us be so; and the only way is, to raise up and fight the whites. I went -to his house one night, to learn where the meetings were held. I never -conversed on this subject with Batteau or Ned.—Vesey told me, he was the -leader in this plot. I never conversed either with Peter or Mingo. Vesey -induced me to join. When I went to Vesey’s house, there was a meeting -there, the room was full of people, but none of them white. That night, -at Vesey’s, we determined to have arms made, and each man to put in -twelve and a half cents towards that purpose. Though Vesey’s room was -full, I did not know one individual there. At this meeting, Vesey said, -we were to take the Guard-House and Magazines, to get arms; that we -ought to rise up against the whites to get our liberties. He was the -first to rise up and speak, and he read to us from the Bible, how the -_children of Israel were delivered out of Egypt from bondage_; he said, -that the rising would take place last Sunday night week, (the 16th June) -and that Peter Poyas was one. - - - (C.) - - -_Examination of SALLY, a negro woman belonging to Mr. Alexander Howard._ - -I know Jesse, and heard him speak several times about it; one day in -particular, he was anxious to see his brother, who has my mother for his -wife, and waited until he came, when they conversed together. Jesse -said, he had got a horse to go into the country, to bring down men to -fight the white people; that he was allowed to pass by two parties of -the patrol on the road, but that a third party had brought him back, and -that, if there were but five men like him, they would destroy the city. -This was on last Sunday week, (the 16th June,) he said, that before 3 -o’clock, that night, all the white people would be killed. That, if any -person informed, or would not join in the fight, such person would be -killed or poisoned. He frequently came into the yard to see his brother, -and I threatened to inform, if he came there, and spoke in that way, to -get us all into trouble. We never had any quarrel. - - - _Examination of LOT, a negro man belonging to Mr. Forrester_. - -I know Jesse; he met me last Sunday week (16th June) at the corner of -Boundary street, as I was coming into town; he said, he was going to get -a horse to go into the country. From what my master had told me the -Thursday before, I distrusted his errand, and gave him a caution. When, -as I was going down into town towards Mr. Hibbens’ ferry slip, and -conversing with him, he said, you shall see to night, when I come down, -what I am going up for, and, _if my own father does not assist, I will -cut off his head_. He said, he was going as far as Goose Creek bridge, -and would get a horse if it cost him nine dollars. The church bells were -then ringing, and at half past eleven o’clock, same day, I saw him at -Mr. Howard’s, and afterwards understood from Sally, that he had set off -for the country, and had been brought back by the Patrol. - - - (D.) - - - _Examination of FRANK, a negro man belonging to Mrs. Ferguson_. - -I know Denmark Vesey, and have been to his house; I have heard him say, -that the negroe’s situation was so bad, he did not know how they could -endure it; and was astonished they did not rise and fight for -themselves, and he advised me to join, and rise. He said, he was going -about to see different people, and mentioned the names of Ned, Bennett -and Peter Poyas, as concerned with him; that he had spoken to Ned and -Peter on this subject, and that they were to go about and tell the -blacks, that they were free, and must rise and fight for themselves: -that they would take the Magazines and Guard Houses, and the City, and -be free; that he was going to send into the country to inform the people -there, too; he said, he wanted me to join them. I said, I could not -answer. He said, if I would not go into the country for him, he could -get others; he said, himself, Ned Bennett, Peter Poyas and Monday Gell, -were the principal men, and himself the head man.—He said, they were the -principal men to go about and inform the people, and fix them, &c.; that -one party would land on _South Bay_, one about Wappoo and about the -Farms; that the party which was to land on South Bay, was to take the -_Guard-House, and get arms, and then they would be able to go on_; that -the attack was to commence about 12 o’clock at night; that great numbers -would come from all about, and it must succeed, as so many were engaged -in it; that they would kill all the whites; that they would leave their -masters’ houses, and assemble near the Lines, march down and meet the -party which would land on South Bay; that he was going to send a man -into the country on a horse, to bring down the country people, and that -he would pay for the horse. He gave two dollars to Jesse, to get the -horse on Saturday week last, (15th June) about 1 o’clock in the day, and -myself and witness (No. 8,) also put in 25 cents a piece, and he told -Jesse, if he could not go, he must send some one else. I have seen Ned -Bennett at Vesey’s. I one night met at Vesey’s a great number of men, -and as they came in, they each handed him some money.—Vesey said, there -was a _little man, named Jack_, who could not be killed, and who would -furnish them with arms; he had a charm, and would lead them; that -Charles Drayton had promised to be engaged with them. Vesey said, the -negroes were living such an abominable life, they ought to rise. I said, -I was living well. He said, though I was, others was not, and that it -was such fools as I, that were in their way, and would not help them, -and that, after all things were well, he would mark me. He said, he did -not go with _Creighton to Africa, because he had not a will, he wanted -to stay and see what he could do for his fellow creatures_. I met Ned, -Monday, and others, at Denmark Vesey’s, where they were talking about -this business. - -The first time I spoke with Monday Gell, it was one night at Denmark -Vesey’s house, where I heard Vesey tell Monday, that he must send some -one into the country to bring the people down. Monday said, he had sent -up Jack, and told him to tell the people to come down and join in the -fight against the whites; and also to ascertain and inform him how many -people he could get. A few days after, I met Vesey, Monday and Jack in -the streets, under Mr. Duncan’s trees, at night, where Jack stated, he -had been into the country, round by Goose Creek and Dorchester; that he -had spoken to 6,600 persons, who had agreed to join. Monday said to -Vesey, that it Jack had so many men, they had better wait no longer, but -begin the business at once, and others would join. The first time I saw -Monday at Vesey’s, he was going away early, when Vesey asked him to -stay, to which Monday replied, he expected that night a meeting at his -house, to fix upon and mature the plan, &c. and that he could stay no -longer. I afterwards conversed with Monday in his shop, when he asked -me, if I had heard that Bennett’s and Poyas’ people were taken up, that -it was a great pity. He said, he had joined in the business. I told him -to take care he was not taken up. Whenever I talked with Vesey, he -always spoke of Monday Gell as being his principal and active man in -this business. - - - (E.) - - - _Examination of Witness No. 10, a Negro Man._ - -Peter Poyas was the first man who spoke to me, and asked me to join. I -asked him what, the church? He said no, have you not heard, that the -blacks were joining, to try and take the country. I asked him, if he -thought he had men enough to do it? He said yes, a plenty of men, and -the Society will contribute money, with which a white man would purchase -guns and powder for them. He said he would call back, and I must -consider if I would join them. He called back, and asked me, if I was -willing now? Why Peter, said I, you have not got force enough. He said, -if I did not join, he would turn all my country people against me. Said -I, if so, I’ll join you, but you must not put my name down, when you -come out, if I find you strong enough, I’ll join you. Well, said he, if -you don’t join you’ll be killed. Peter and Harry Haig called on me -afterwards, I was not at home; but the next morning I met Harry, who -asked me for my name. I refused it. He said, I would be killed if I did -not join. I said, I would join when they came out, if they were stronger -than the whites. Harry called on me again, and asked me, if I was -willing that the thing would break out soon. I asked him, where they -would begin? He said, in Boundary street. At what hour? He said, at 12 -o’clock at night, or early in the morning, as soon as the guard is -discharged. Jack Pritchard called on me, he is sometimes called Gullah -Jack, sometimes Couter Jack, he gave me some dry food, consisting of -parched corn and ground nuts, and said, eat that, and nothing else, on -the morning when it breaks out, and when you join us as we pass, put -into your mouth this crab claw, and you can’t be wounded, and, said he, -I give the same to the rest of my troops—if you drop the large crab claw -out of your mouth, then put in the small one. Said I, when do you break -out, and have you arms. He said, plenty, but they are over Boundary -street, we can’t get at them now, but as soon as the patrol was slack, -they could get them; this was previous to the 16th June, on which day, -he said, they were to break out. On that day he came to me, and said, -they could not break out that night, as the patrol was too strong; he -said, he would let me know when they were ready. That Sunday fortnight, -the 30th June, he came to me and said, I must lay by still, they would -not break out then, that he had been round to all his company and found -them cowards. I said, thank God, then! He said, give me back my corn and -cullah, (that is crab claw). I said, I would not, and upbraided him for -having deluded so many. He said, all his country born promised him to -join, because he was a Doctor, (that is a Conjurer). He said, the white -people was looking for him, and he was afraid of being taken, that two -men came to his master’s wharf, and asked him, if he knew Gullah Jack, -and that he told them, no. He said, his charms would not protect him -from the treachery of his own colour. He went away, and I have not seen -him since. Harry Haig has since seen me several times, and told me to -hold myself ready. I said, I’m ready when called on. He said, all the -draymen came to his master’s cooper yard, and said they were ready, but -he told them, he was only waiting for Gullah Jack. He said, he would -tell me when they were ready, that they were only waiting for the head -man, who was a white man; but he, although asked, would neither tell me -the white man’s name, nor where the powder and arms were; this was last -Tuesday, the very day the six negroes were hanged, about six o’clock, A. -M. this was the last time we spoke, though I have seen him since. I saw -Charles Drayton before the 16th, at Monday Gell’s, I was going to -market, and Charles called to me as I crossed the street; Joe, who has a -wife at Mr. Remoussin’s, asked me, if I did know that Monday was at the -head of the Ebo Company, who are going to fight the white people; Monday -is an Ebo. I asked Joe, if he was one of that company. He said yes, he -was. I asked him, what he could do, as he was an invalid.—He said, he -would take Remoussin’s sword and gun, and tell him to lay down in his -bed and be quiet. We parted. Previous to the 16th of June, Monday Gell -called me into his shop; I went in, and said to him, I heard he was -captain of his countrymen’s company, the Ebo’s. He said, he was a sort -of a one. I bid him good morning, when he said, when you want to hear -the news, come here. I never saw him afterwards. - -I met Charles Drayton on the 1st of July in the streets, when he said, -now get ready, we must break out at once, for we will not let six lives -be taken. I asked him, where they would begin? He said, in Boundary -street, directly as the patrol and light horse turned in. I said, had -you not better wait till after the 4th of July. He said, no, because in -the mean time the people would be hanged. Charles said, they had force -enough, and we parted. I met him in Market, betwixt 8 and 9 o’clock, on -the 2d of July, and said to him, now the people are hanged, I suppose -you are sorry you joined in the business. He said yes, and we parted. -Peter Poyas told me also, that they had force enough, that some would -come from James’ and John’s islands, and some from Christ’s Church -Parish, where he generally went over to a meeting to have a talk, and -that he had some about and in town, the number of which he would show me -from the Society books, if I would only come to the Society. He said, -they were to fight the whites, and keep on fighting, till the English -came to help them. Harry told me the same thing. Jack being the head -man, I asked him about the plan, he told me the same thing; that the -English were to come here to help them, that the Americans could do -nothing against the English, and that the English would carry them off -to St. Domingo. Monday and Charles were very great together. John, Mr. -Horry’s coachman, came to me one day, and asked me what I thought? Every -one is ready, said John, to fight the whites, are you ready? He said, I -am ready. This took place sometime before the 16th June, and every day -he asked me the same questions.—About this time George Vanderhorst came -to me and said, they were going to take the country, and he had joined; -that he was ready whenever the blacks broke out. He requested me to let -him sleep at my wife’s house near Boundary street; I saw him almost -every day after the 16th June, and he always said, he was ready whenever -the troops were ready. On the 16th June, Jack requested me to let twelve -men sleep at my wife’s, as they were to break out that night, and he -wanted them to be near Boundary street. On being refused, he departed in -anger, and reproached me. George called on me yesterday morning, and -asked, if I knew that Charles Drayton was taken up, and said, he was -afraid Charles would name him, not because he was on his list, for he -had joined Jack’s company, but because Charles had met him at Gullah -Jack’s, when they were consulting on the subject; that, if he could near -that Charles had named him, he would run off. On Monday, 1st July, -Charles Drayton told me, that there would be an insurrection on the -morning of the 6th July, as soon as the Guard turned in; he said, he -commanded the country born company. Jack told me on the 1st July the -same thing, and in addition, that they were to rush in with their dirks, -guns and swords, &c. they had got, kill the City Guard, and take all the -arms in the arsenals; he also said, there were some arms in King street, -beyond Boundary street, in possession of a white man, which they -intended to take, (alluding to the arms of the Charleston Neck Company, -deposited at Wharton’s, in King street). Charles Drayton said, he had -prepared for himself a gun and a sword. John Horry came to me very -often, and once said, he had a sword, and that, as soon as it broke out, -he would go up stairs and kill his master and family. On the 17th of -June, on his carriage box, he expressed himself to me in the same manner -he had done previous to the 16th. The blacks would have risen on the -night of the 16th, had the Guards not been so strong; this I know from -Gullah Jack and Harry Haig, who said, that if the Guards were not too -strong, they would get the arms near the Lines, but if the Guards were -out, they could not get them to break out with. - - - (F.) - - - _Confession of_ HARRY HAIG. - -Julius Forrest, and myself, always worked together. Gullah Jack calls -himself a negro doctor, he induced Julius and myself to join at last, -but at first we refused; before the 16th June, Jack appointed to meet us -at Bulkley’s Farm; when we got there, Jack was not there, but Peter -Poyas came; we broke up at day-light. Not quite a month before the 16th -June, Jack met me, and talked about war. I asked Jack, how he would do -for arms? Bye and bye, said Jack, we will have arms; he said, he would -have some arms made at the blacksmiths. Jack was going to give * * * * * -* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Until Jack was taken up -and condemned to death, I was just like I was bound up, and had not the -power to speak one word about it. Jack charmed Julius and myself at -last, and we then consented to join. Tom Russell, the blacksmith and -Jack are partners, (in conjuring) Jack learnt him to be a doctor. Tom -talked to Jack about the fighting, and agreed to join, and those two -brought Julius and myself to agree to it. Jack said, Tom was his second, -and “when you don’t see me, and see Tom, you see one.” Jack said, Tom -was making arms for the black people; Jack said, he would not be killed, -nor could a white man take him. - - - (H.) - - -_Confession of JESSE, the slave of Thomas Blackwood, Esqr.; furnished to - the Court by the Rev. Dr. D. HALL._ - -I was invited to Denmark Vesey’s house, and when I went, I found several -men met together, among whom was Ned Bennett, Peter Poyas, and others, -whom I did not know. Denmark opened the meeting by saying, he had an -important secret to communicate to us, which we must not disclose to any -one, and if we did, we should be put to instant death. He said, we were -deprived of our rights and privileges by the white people, and that our -church was shut up, so that we could not use it, and that it was high -time for us to seek for our rights, and that we were fully able to -conquer the whites, if we were only unanimous and courageous, as the St. -Domingo people were. He then proceeded to explain his plan, by saying, -that they intended to make the attack by setting the governor’s mills on -fire, and also some houses near the water, and as soon as the bells -began to ring for fire, that they should kill every man, as he came out -of his door, and that the servants in the yards should do it, and that -it should be done with axes and clubs, and afterwards they should murder -the women and children, for he said, God had so commanded it in the -Scriptures. At another meeting at Denmark’s, Ned Bennett and Peter -Poyas, and several others were present in conversation, some said, they -thought it was cruel to kill the ministers, and the women and children, -but Denmark Vesey said, he thought it was for our safety, not to spare -one white skin alive, for this was the plan they pursued in St. Domingo. -He then said to me, Jesse, I want you to go into the country, to enlist -as many of the country negroes as possible, to be in readiness to come -down to assist us. I told him, I had no horse, and no money to hire one; -he then took out two dollars, and gave them to me to hire a horse, and -told me to enlist as many as possible. I got the horse the next Sabbath, -and started, but the guard was so strict, I could not pass them without -being taken up; so I returned, and told Denmark, at which he expressed -his sorrow, and said, the business was urgent, for they wanted the -country people to be armed, that they might attack the Forts at the same -time, and also to take every ship and vessel in the harbor, and to put -every man to death, except the captains. For, said he, it will not be -safe to stay in Charleston, for as soon as they had got all the money -out of the banks, and the goods out of the stores on board, they -intended to sail for St. Domingo; for he had a promise, that they would -receive and protect them. This Jesse asserted to me, was the truth, -whilst the tears were running down his cheeks, and he appeared truly -penitent; and I have reason to hope, that he obtained pardon from God, -through the merits of Christ, and was prepared to meet his fate with -confidence, and that he was accepted of God. At 4 o’clock on the morning -of the execution, I visited all the prisoners condemned, and found Jesse -at prayers. He told me, his mind was placid and calm; he then assured -me, that what he had told me was the truth, and _that he was prepared to -meet his God_. - - - (K.) - - - _Confession of MONDAY GELL._ - -I come out as a man who knows he is about to die—some time after -Christmas Vesey passed my door, he called in and said to me, that he was -trying to gather the blacks to try and see if any thing could be done to -overcome the whites; he asked me to join; I asked him his plan and his -numbers; he said he had Peter Poyas, Ned Bennett, and Jack Purcell; he -asked me to join; I said no; he left me and I saw him not for some time. -About four or five weeks ago as I went up Wentworth street, Frank -Ferguson met me, and said he had four plantation’s of people who he was -to go for on Saturday, 15th June. How, said I, will you bring them down; -he said through the woods; he asked me if I was going towards Vesey’s to -ask Vesey to be at home that evening, and he would be there to tell him -his success. I asked Jack Purcell to carry this message, he said he -would; that same evening at my house I met Vesey’s mulatto boy, he told -me Vesey wished to see me, I went with him; when I went into Vesey’s I -met Ned Bennett, Peter Poyas, and Frank Ferguson, and Adam, and Gullah -Jack; they were consulting about the plan; Frank told Vesey on Saturday, -15th, he would go and bring down the people and lodge them near town in -the woods; the plan was to arm themselves by breaking open the stores -with arms. I then told Vesey I would join them, after sometime I told -them I had some business of my own and asked them to excuse me, I went -away, and only then was I ever there. One evening, Perault Strohecker, -and Bacchus Hammett brought to my shop a keg, and asked me to let it -stay there till they sent for it; I said yes, but did not know the -contents; the next evening Gullah Jack came and took away the keg, this -was before the 16th June; since I have been in prison I learnt that the -keg contained powder. - -Pharo Thompson is concerned, and he told me, a day or two after Ned and -Peter were taken up, if he could get a fifty dollar bill, he would run -away; about two Sundays before I was brought here, he asked me, in -Archdale-Street, when shall we be like those white people in the church; -I said when it pleased God; Sunday before I was taken up, he met me as I -came out of Archdale Church, and took me into a stable in said street, -and told me he told his master, who had asked him, that he had nothing -to do in this affair; which was a lie. William Colcock came to my shop -once and said a brother told him that five hundred men were making up -for the same purpose. Frank said he was to send to HellHole Swamp to get -men. - -Perault Strohecker is engaged; he used to go of a Sunday on horse back -up the road to a man he knows on the same errand. One Sunday he asked me -to go with him; I went and Smart Anderson; we went to a small house a -little way from the road after you turn into the ship yard road, on its -left hand; they too went into the stable with an old man that lived -there, I remained in the yard; they remained in the stable about half an -hour; as soon as they came out, I and Perault started to town to go to -church, and left Smart there; I was told by Denbow Martin, who has a -wife in Mr. Smith’s house, that Stephen Smith belonged to some of the -gangs. - -Saby Gaillard is concerned; he met me on the Bay, before the 16th of -June and gave me a piece of paper from his pocket; this paper was about -the battle that Boyer had in St. Domingo; in a day or two he called on -me and asked if I had read it, and said if he had as many men he would -do the same too, as he could whip ten white men himself; he frequently -came to me to speak about this matter, and at last I had to insult him -out of the shop; he and Paris Ball was often together. A week before I -was taken up, Paris told me that my name was called. - -Billy Palmer and Vesey were constantly together; there was once in my -shop a long talk between them about this same matter; I begged them to -stop it; Vesey told him to try to get as many as he could; he said he -would. - -John Vincent told me that Edward Johnson, a free man, had said, as he -was a free man he would have nothing to do with slaves, but the night -they began he would join them. - -I told Charles Drayton what uproar there was about this business, and -since we have been here we have talked together. - -Albert Inglis came to me and asked if I knew any thing about it; I said -yes. He asked me if I had joined; I said yes; he said he was one also; -he said Adam, a free man wanted to see me, I went with him one night; -Adam asked me how many men had joined; I told him what Frank Ferguson -had said; he asked me if I believed it; I said yes; he said if he could -only find men behind him he would go before. Previous to the 16th, -Albert said to me quit the business; I told him I was too far into it, -so I must stick to it. - -I never wrote to St. Domingo[16] or any where else on this subject, nor -kept a list or books, nor saw any such things, but heard that Paul’s -William had a list, nor did I hear any thing about arms being in -possession of the blacks. I don’t know that Tom Russel made pikes, nor -that Gullah Jack had any of them. - -Lewis Remoussin called at my shop and asked me to call at his house, he -had something to tell me, but I did not go; Jack Glen told me he was -engaged. - -I met Scipio Sims one Sunday, coming from the country, who said he had -been near the Savannah’s to Mr. Middleton’s place; I heard afterwards -that his errand was on this business. - -I know John the cooper, who said he was engaged too in this business. - -William Garner said he was engaged in it and had got twelve or thirteen -draymen to join. - -Sandy Vesey told me he belonged to it too. - -At Vesey’s house, Frank told Gullah Jack, to put one ball and three buck -shot in each cartridge. - -Mingo Harth acknowledged to me that he had joined, and Peter Poyas told -me so too; he, Mingo, told me so several times; Mingo said he was to -have his master’s horse on the night of the 16th. - -Lot Forrester told me frequently that he was one of the company, and I -know that he had joined in the business myself. Isaac Harth told me once -that he had joined, he knew I was in the business. - -Morris Brown knew nothing of it, and we agreed not to let him, Harry -Drayton, or Charles Corr, know anything about it. —— —— told me in my -store that he was to get some powder from his master and give it to -Peter Poyas; he seemed to have been a long time engaged in it, and to -know a great deal. Joe Jore acknowledged to me once or twice that he had -joined, he said he knew some of the Frenchmen concerned; he knew I was -in it. - - - (L.) - - - _The Confession of JACK PURCELL._ - -If it had not been for the cunning of that old villain Vesey, I should -not now be in my present situation. He employed every stratagem to -induce me to join him. He was in the habit of reading to me all the -passages in the newspapers that related to St. Domingo, and apparently -every pamphlet he could lay his hands on, that had any connection with -slavery. He one day brought me a speech which he told me had been -delivered in Congress by a _Mr. King_ on the subject of slavery; he told -me this Mr. King was the black man’s friend, that he Mr. King had -declared he would continue to speak, write and publish pamphlets against -slavery the longest day he lived, until the Southern States consented to -emancipate their slaves, for that slavery was a great disgrace to the -country. - - - (M.) - - - CONFESSION OF JOHN ENSLOW. - -Monday Gell led me in it and took me to Vesey’s; there was a large -meeting; Vesey told the meeting the people was to rise up and fight the -white people for their liberty; we always went to Monday’s house -afterwards; Monday did all the writing; I heard they were trying all -round the country to Georgetown, Santee, and round to Combahee, &c. -about to get people; Peter was also there, he was one; Peter named -Poyas’ plantation, where he went to meet; Bellisle Yates I have seen at -the meetings, and Adam Yates, Naphur Yates, Dean Mitchell, Cæsar Smith -and George (a Stevedore.) At Vesey’s they wanted to make a collection to -make pikes for the country people, but the men had no money! Monday Gell -said Purcell was one to get horses to send men into the country; I heard -a blacksmith was to make pikes. Jack M’Neil is engaged; I have seen them -all at Monday’s; Jack said he was one and would try to get men; the plan -was to take the Arsenals and Guard Houses for arms, and not to fire the -town unless they failed; Monday was writing a letter to St. Domingo, to -go by a vessel lying at Gibb’s and Harper’s wharf; the letter was about -the sufferings of the blacks, and to know if the people of St. Domingo -would help them if they made an effort to free themselves; he was -writing this letter in March, I am not certain of the time; Perault was -present when Monday wrote the letter, and also a painter, named Prince -Righton; I have seen Pompey Haig at Monday’s, but he neither assented or -dissented; Jerry Cohen was at Vesey’s, and said to me he was one; I -heard from Vesey and Monday that they had engaged men from the country; -Peter Poyas said he had sent into the country to his brother to engage -men, who would send him an answer; a party was to attack the Guard-House -and Arsenal; another the Arsenal on the Neck; another the Naval Stores -on Mey’s wharf; another to attack the Magazine; another to meet at -Lightwood’s Alley and then try to cut off the companies from meeting at -their places of rendezvous; I belong to the African Congregation; on -Saturday the 15th June, a man was to be sent into the country to bring -down the people, and Rolla was to command the country people from Ashley -River at the Bridge; Ned Bennett and John Horry to meet at Mr. Horry’s -corner, and Batteau to come down with Vesey’s party. - - - (S) - - - CLASS No. 1. - - _Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and executed._ - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Peter │James Poyas │ June 18│Hanged on Tuesday the 2d - │ │ │ July, 1822, on Blake’s - │ │ │ lands, near Charleston. - Ned │Gov. T. Bennett, │ do. │ 〃 - Rolla │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Batteau │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Denmark Vesey│A free black man │ 22│ 〃 - Jessy │Thos. Blackwood │ 23│ 〃 - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - John │Elias Horry │ July 5│Do. on the Lines near Ch.; - │ │ │ Friday July 12. - Gullah Jack │Paul Pritchard │ do. │ 〃 - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Mingo │Wm. Harth │ June 21│Hanged on the Lines near - │ │ │ Charleston, on Friday, 26th - │ │ │ July. - Lot │Forrester │ 27│ 〃 - Joe │P. L. Jore │ July 6│ 〃 - Julius │Thos. Forrest │ 8│ 〃 - Tom │Mrs. Russell │ 10│ 〃 - Smart │Robt. Anderson │ do. │ 〃 - John │John Robertson │ 11│ 〃 - Robert │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Adam │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Polydore │Mrs. Faber │ do. │ 〃 - Bacchus │Benj. Hammet │ do. │ 〃 - Dick │Wm. Sims │ 13│ 〃 - Pharaoh │— Thompson │ do. │ 〃 - Jemmy │Mrs. Clement │ 18│ 〃 - Mauidore │Mordecai Cohen │ 19│ 〃 - Dean │— Mitchell │ do. │ 〃 - Jack │Mrs. Purcell │ 12│ 〃 - Bellisle │Est. of Jos. Yates│ 18│ 〃 - Naphur │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Adam │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Jacob │John S. Glen │ 16│ 〃 - Charles │John Billings │ 18│ 〃 - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Jack │N. McNeill │ 22│Do. Tues. July 30. - Cæsar │Miss Smith │ do. │ 〃 - Jacob Stagg │Jacob Lankester │ 23│ 〃 - Tom │Wm. M. Scott │ 24│ 〃 - William │Mrs. Garner │ Aug. 2│Do. Friday, Aug. 9. - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - - - CLASS No. 2. - - _Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and sentenced to - death, but recommended to the mercy of the Executive, by the Court - of Magistrates and Freeholders._ - -☞ They have been respited to the 25 day of October, 1822, with a view to -the commutation of their punishment to banishment beyond the limits of -the United States. - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Louis │Cromwell │ July 12│Respited until the 25th of - │ │ │ October; and now confined - │ │ │ in the Work-House of - │ │ │ Charleston. - Seymour │Kunhardt │ do. │ 〃 - Saby Gaillard│A free black man │ 13│ 〃 - Isaac │Wm. Harth │ do. │ 〃 - Paris │Mrs. Ball │ 15│ 〃 - Peter │Mrs. Cooper │ do. │ 〃 - Dublin │C. G. Morris │ 18│ 〃 - George │— Bampfield │ do. │ 〃 - Sandy │Jacob Schnell │ 19│ 〃 - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - - - CLASS No. 3. - - _Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and sentenced to - death, but since respited by the Executive, until the 25th of Oct. - with a view to the commutation of their punishment, to banishment - beyond the limits of the United States._ - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - William │Job Palmer │ July 18│Respited till Oct. 25, and - │ │ │ now in the Work-House. - John Vincent │D. Cruckshanks │ 23│ 〃 - Billy │P. Robinson │ do. │ 〃 - Robinson │ │ │ - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - - - CLASS No. 4. - - _Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and sentenced to be, - transported, beyond the limits of the United States, by their - masters, under the direction of the City Council._ - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - William │John Paul │ May 31│Confined in the W. House. - Edwin │ do. │ June 24│ 〃 - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Monday │John Gell │ 27│Do. and Sentenced to death, - │ │ │ commuted to banishment out - │ │ │ U. S. - Charles │Hon. J. Drayton │ July 2│ 〃 - Harry │David Haig │ 5│ 〃 - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Frank │Mrs. Ferguson │ June 27│Confined in the W. House. - George │— Theus │ July 6│ 〃 - Perault │— Strohecker │ 10│ 〃 - Billy │S. Bulkley │ do. │ 〃 - John │— Enslow │ 13│ 〃 - Scipio │Wm. Sims │ do. │ 〃 - Agrippa │Mrs. Perry │ 19│ 〃 - Nero │David Haig │ 23│ 〃 - Sam. Bainsill│— Bainstill │ do. │ 〃 - Dembo │J. N. Martin │ 25│ 〃 - Adam Bellamy │J. H. Merritt │ Aug. 3│ 〃 - Jack │Wm. Cattell │ 5│ 〃 - George │— Evans │ 6│ 〃 - Harry │— Butler │ do. │ 〃 - George │Sam. Parker │ do. │ 〃 - Pompey │Richd. Lord │ 5│ 〃 - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - - - CLASS No. 5. - - _Comprises those who were found guilty and sentenced to be - transported, beyond the limits of the State of South-Carolina._ - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Prince Graham│A free black man │ July 21│Sentenced to be imprisoned - │ │ │ one month in the W. House, - │ │ │ and then transported beyond - │ │ │ the limits of the State. - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - -☞ This man will go out of the U. States at his own request, under the -direction of the City Council. - - - CLASS No. 6. - - _Comprises those prisoners who were acquitted by the Court, their - guilt not being fully proved. The Court, however, have suggested to - their owners, the propriety of transporting them beyond the limits - of the United States._ - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Buonaparte │Francis Mulligan │ July 11│Acquitted by Court, master - │ │ │ desired to transport, and - │ │ │ now in the work-house - │ │ │ Charleston. - Abraham │Dr. Poyas │ June 22│ 〃 - Butcher │Jas. L. Gibbes │ July 11│ 〃 - John │Mrs. Taylor │ 13│ 〃 - Prince │Miss Righton │ 19│ 〃 - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Quash │A free black man │ 29│—By arrangement with Council, - Harleston │ │ │ gone out of the U. S. - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Harry Purse │Wm. Purse │ not│Arranged with owner to be - │ │arrested│ transported. - Panza │— Mitchell │ 〃 │ 〃 - Liverpool │Mrs. Hunt │ 〃 │ 〃 - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - - - CLASS No. 7. - - _Comprises those prisoners who were acquitted by the Court of - Magistrates and Freeholders—and discharged._ - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Amherst │Mrs. Lining │ June 18│Acquitted and Discharged. - Mungo │Jas. Poyas │ do. │ 〃 - Stephen │Tho. R. Smith │ do. │ 〃 - Matthias │Gov. T. Bennett │ do. │ 〃 - Jeffrey Grant│A free black man │ 20│ 〃 - Brand │Jon. Lucas │ do. │ 〃 - Richard │ do. │ 17│ 〃 - John │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Rob. Hadden │A free col’d. man │ 22│ 〃 - Sam. Guifford│ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Pompey │John Bryan │ 28│ 〃 - Adam │Mrs. Ferguson │ 27│ 〃 - Harry │— Harleston │ │ 〃 - Peter │Mrs. Ward │ July 10│ 〃 - Sandy │Francis Curtis │ 11│ 〃 - Isaac │Paul Trapier │ do. │ 〃 - Charles │Mrs. Shrubrick │ do. │ 〃 - Cuffy │Charles Graves │ do. │ 〃 - Pierre Louis │Mons. Chapeau │ 18│ 〃 - Cæsar │Mrs. Parker │ 19│ 〃 - William │Mrs. Colcock │ 12│ 〃 - Pompey │David Haig │ June 23│ 〃 - Friday │Mrs. Rout │ │ 〃 - Philander │A free col’d. man │ Aug. 3│ 〃 - Michau │ │ │ - Edward │A free black man │ do. │ 〃 - Johnson │ │ │ - Stephen │— Walker │ 5│ 〃 - Walker │ │ │ - James │ do. │ do. │ 〃 - Harry │J. Nell │ 6│ 〃 - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - - - CLASS No. 8. - - _Comprises those prisoners who were discharged after their arrest by - the Committee of Vigilance, the testimony against them not being - sufficient to bring them to trial._ - - ─────────────┬──────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────── - _Prisoners │ _Owners’ Names._ │_Time of│ _How Disposed of._ - Names._ │ │Commit._│ - ─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────────── - Hercules │— Clark │ June 20│ Discharged, June 28 - Jim │J. H. Ancrum │ 22│ do. 25 - Sandy │H. P. Holmes │ 25│ do. 26 - Lemon │— Houston │ 23│ do. 25 - Rob. Nesbitt │A free man │ July 3│ do. July 5 - Patrick │Mrs. Datea │ 4│ do. 6 - Thomas │S. Magwood │ 5│ do. 8 - Charles │F. G. Deliesseline│ 8│ do. 10 - William │— Adger │ 10│ do. 20 - Smart │Mrs. Ward │ do. │ do. 27 - Mungo │Wm. Lowndes │ 11│ do. 20 - Thomas │A. Lord │ do. │ do. 13 - Bob │— Hibben │ 13│ do. 27 - Albert │Thos. Ingles │ 15│ do. 17 - Jim │— Happoldt │ do. │ do. 29 - John │— Gates │ do. │ do. 〃 - Charles │— Hasell │ do. │ do. 〃 - James │— Dowling │ 17│ do. 〃 - Prince │ do. │ do. │ do. 〃 - Billy │— Fordham │ 20│ do. 25 - Ben │— Cammer │ 22│ do. 27 - William │— Cromwell │ do. │ do. 〃 - Stephen │— Harper │ 26│ do. 〃 - Louis │John Gell │ July 18│ do. July 20 - Pompey │John Bryan │ Aug. 5│ do. August 5 - ═════════════╧══════════════════╧════════╧═════════════════════════════ - - - RECAPITULATION. - - Number of Prisoners executed 35 - Number of Prisoners respited until the 25th October, 1822, with a - view to the commutation of their punishment 12 - Number of Prisoners sentenced to be transported by their owners - under direction of the City Council 21 - Number of Prisoners sentenced to be transported beyond the limits - of the State 1 - Number of Prisoners acquitted, propriety of transportation - suggested to their owners, and those whose masters have agreed to - transport without trial 9 - Number of Prisoners acquitted and discharged by the Court 27 - Number of Prisoners acquitted and discharged by Committee of - Vigilance 25 - ——— - Whole number arrested 131 - - _Respectfully submitted by_ - FRED. WESNER, THO. D. CONDY, THO. NAPIER, SAMUEL _Com. of - BURGER, EDWARD P. SIMONS, Vigilance_ - - - - - SENTENCE. - - - _9th July, 1822._—_JACK, a slave, belonging to Paul Pritchard, - commonly called GULLAH JACK, and sometimes COUTER JACK, was brought - up, and, sentence pronounced by_ L. H. KENNEDY, _Presiding - Magistrate_. - -JACK PRITCHARD—The Court, after deliberately considering all the -circumstances of your case, are perfectly satisfied of your guilt. In -the prosecution of your wicked designs, you were not satisfied with -resorting to natural and ordinary means, but endeavored to enlist on -your behalf, all the powers of darkness, and employed for that purpose, -the most disgusting mummery and superstition. You represented yourself -as invulnerable; that you could neither be taken nor destroyed, and that -all who fought under your banners would be invincible. While such -wretched expedients are calculated to _inspire_ the confidence, or to -alarm the fears of the ignorant and credulous, they excite no other -emotion in the mind of the intelligent and enlightened, but contempt and -disgust. Your boasted Charms have not preserved yourself, and of course -could not protect others. “Your Altars and your Gods have sunk together -in the dust.” The airy spectres, conjured by you, have been chased away -by the superior light of Truth, and you stand exposed, the miserable and -deluded victim of offended Justice. Your days are literally numbered. -You will shortly be consigned to the cold and silent grave, and all the -Powers of Darkness cannot rescue you from your approaching Fate! Let me -then, conjure you to devote the remnant of your miserable existence in -fleeing from the “_wrath to come_.” This can only be done by a full -disclosure of the truth. The Court are willing to afford you all the aid -in their power, and to permit any Minister of the Gospel, whom you may -select to have free access to you. To him you may unburthen your guilty -conscience. Neglect not the opportunity, for there is “no device nor art -beyond the tomb,” to which you must shortly be consigned. - - - SENTENCE _pronounced on DICK, BACCHUS, WILLIAM, NAPHUR, ADAM, - BELLISLE, CHARLES, JEREMY and DEAN, by L. H. KENNEDY, Esq. PRESIDING - MAGISTRATE._ - -The Court, on mature deliberation, have pronounced you guilty; the -punishment of that guilt is DEATH. Your conduct, on the present -occasion, exhibits a degree of depravity and extravagance, rarely -paralleled. Your professed objects were to trample, not only on the laws -of this state, but on those of humanity; to commit murder, outrage and -plunder, and to substitute for the blessings we enjoy, anarchy and -confusion in their most odious forms.—The beauties of nature and of art, -would have fallen victims to your relentless fury; and even the -decrepitude of age and the innocence of childhood would have found no -other refuge than the grave! - -Surely, nothing but infatuation could have prompted you to enter into a -plot so wild and diabolical. A moment’s reflection would have convinced -you, that disgrace and ruin must have been its consequence, and that it -would have probably resulted in the destruction and extermination of -_your race_. But if, even complete success had crowned your efforts, -what were the golden visions which you anticipated? Such men as you, -are, in general, as ignorant as you are vicious, without any settled -principles, and possessing but few of the virtues of civilized life;—you -would soon, therefore, have degenerated into a horde of barbarians, -incapable of any government. But, admitting that a different result -might have taken place, it is natural to inquire, what are the miseries -of which you complain? That we should all earn our bread by the sweat of -our brow, is the decree which God pronounced at the fall of man. It -extended alike to the master and the slave; to the cottage and the -throne. Every one is more or less subject to control; and the most -exalted, as well as the humblest individual, must bow with deference to -the laws of that community, in which he is placed by Providence. Your -situation, therefore, was neither extraordinary nor unnatural. Servitude -has existed under various forms, from the Deluge to the present time, -and in no age or country has the condition of slaves been milder or more -humane, than your own. You are, with few exceptions, treated with -kindness, and enjoy every comfort compatible with your situation. You -are exempt from many of the miseries, to which _the poor_ are subject -throughout the world. In many countries the life of the slave is at the -disposal of his master; here you have always been under the protection -of the law. - -The tribunal which now imposes this sentence, through its humble organ, -affords a strong exemplification of the truth of these remarks. In the -discharge of the painful duties which have devolved on them, the members -of this Court have been as anxious to acquit the innocent as determined -to condemn the guilty. - -In addition to the crime of treason, you have on the present occasion, -displayed the vilest ingratitude. It is a melancholy truth that those -servants in whom was reposed the most unlimited confidence, have been -the principal actors in this wicked scheme. Reared by the hand of -kindness, and fostered by a master who assumed many of the duties of a -parent, you have realized the fable of the Frozen Serpent, and attempted -to destroy the bosom that sheltered and protected you. - -You have, moreover, committed the grossest impiety: you have perverted -the sacred words of God, and attempted to torture them into a sanction -for crimes, at the bare imagination of which, humanity shudders. Are you -incapable of the Heavenly influence of that Gospel, all whose “paths are -Peace?” It was to reconcile us to our destiny on earth, and to enable us -to discharge with fidelity all our duties, whether as master or servant, -that those inspired precepts were imparted by Heaven to fallen man. -There is no condition of life which is not embraced by them: and if you -had searched them, _in the spirit of truth_, you would have discovered -instructions peculiarly applicable to yourselves—“_Servants_ (says St. -Paul) _be obedient to them that are your masters, according to the -flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto -Christ: not with eye-service as men pleasers, but as the servants of -Christ, doing the will of God from the heart._” Had you listened with -sincerity to such doctrines, you would not have been arrested by an -ignominious death. - -Your days on earth are near their close and you now stand upon the -confines of eternity. While you linger on this side of the grave, permit -me to exhort you, in the name of the ever-living God, whose holy -ordinances you have violated, to devote most earnestly the remnant of -your days, in penitence and preparation for that Tribunal, whose -sentence, whether pronounced in anger or in mercy, is eternal. - - -_The above Sentences is selected out of the many passed on this -occasion, with a view, to give the reader a general idea of them._ - - - - - POSTSCRIPT. - - -Since these sheets have been put to press, it affords him, who has been -engaged in their preparation, much gratification to be able to correct -one mistake, as it places the fidelity of the slave who first gave the -intelligence of the intended insurrection, on much higher ground. On -conferring with his master and the free man of colour, whose advice he -sought, it appears that the slave in question communicated the -conversation at the Market to his young master, before he consulted his -friend, (the free man of colour,) and that the advice of the latter was -that as “his young master was a youth, that it would be best for him -_immediately, without delay_, to tell his mistress, that his master -might receive the information the instant he came to town.” _Vide_ page -5. - - * * * * * - - PRINTED AND SOLD BY A. E. MILLER, NO. 4, BROAD-STREET. - - _Price 25cts. each; discount by the hundred._ - ------ - -Footnote 1: - - It would be a libel on the liberality and gratitude of this community - to suppose that this man can be _overlooked_ among those who are to be - rewarded for their fidelity and principle. - -Footnote 2: - - The purport of this letter will be seen by reference to the trial of - Abraham Poyas. - -Footnote 3: - - Most of the black religious communities in this place, are divided - into classes, over which a Leader is placed, having the confidence of - the Pastor of the Church. - -Footnote 4: - - This witness gave the information under a pledge, that his name should - not be divulged. - -Footnote 5: - - The Republican Artillery under Capt. Patterson, was on duty on the - night of the 16th, and were armed with muskets, and stationed in the - Arsenal Yard. - -Footnote 6: - - The following Note appears on the Journals of the Court, in relation - to the trial of Rolla—“Five witnesses were introduced and examined in - behalf of Rolla, but so far from impeaching the credibility of the - witnesses against him they rather supported it.” - -Footnote 7: - - After the execution of Peter, his guilt, in the most flagrant degree - became most abundantly established; affording, in every particular, - the strongest corroboration of the testimony by which he had been - convicted. It was apparent that he was the most efficient of all the - ringleaders, and one who possessed the largest share of the confidence - of Denmark Vesey, who was, in every sense of the term, the father of - the plot. Peter was a slave of great value, and for his colour, a - first rate ship-carpenter. He had the confidence of his master in a - remarkable degree, and had been treated with indulgence, liberality - and kindness. - -Footnote 8: - - As Denmark Vesey has occupied so large a place in the conspiracy, a - brief notice of him will, perhaps, be not devoid of interest. The - following anecdote will show how near he was to the chance of being - distinguished in the bloody events of San Domingo. During the - revolutionary war, Captain Vesey, now an old resident of this city, - commanded a ship that traded between St. Thomas’ and Cape Francais - (San Domingo.) He was engaged in supplying the French of that Island - with Slaves. In the year 1781, he took on board at St. Thomas’ 390 - slaves and sailed for the Cape; on the passage, he and his officers - were struck with the beauty, alertness and intelligence of a boy about - 14 years of age, whom they made a pet of, by taking him into the - cabin, changing his apparel, and calling him by way of distinction - _Telemaque_, (which appellation has since, by gradual corruption, - among the negroes, been changed to _Denmark_, or sometimes _Telmak_.) - On the arrival, however, of the ship at the Cape, Captain Vesey, - having no use for the boy, sold him among his other slaves, and - returned to St. Thomas’. On his next voyage to the Cape, he was - surprised to learn from his consignee that Telemaque would be returned - on his hands, as the planter, who had purchased him, represented him - unsound, and subject to epileptic fits. According to the custom of - trade in that place, the boy was placed in the hands of the king’s - physician, who decided that he was unsound, and Captain Vesey was - compelled to take him back, of which he had no occasion to repent, as - Denmark proved, for 20 years, a most faithful slave. In 1800, Denmark - drew a prize of $1500 in the East-Bay-Street Lottery, with which he - purchased his freedom from his master, at six hundred dollars, much - less than his real value. From that period to the day of his - apprehension he has been working as a carpenter in this city, - distinguished for great strength and activity. Among his colour he was - always looked up to with awe and respect. His temper was impetuous and - domineering in the extreme, qualifying him for the despotic rule, of - which he was ambitious. All his passions were ungovernable and savage; - and, to his numerous wives and children, he displayed the haughty and - capricious cruelty of an Eastern Bashaw. He had nearly effected his - escape, after information had been lodged against him. For three days - the town was searched for him without success. As early as Monday, the - 17th, he had concealed himself. It was not until the night of the 22d - of June, during a perfect tempest, that he was found secreted in the - house of one of his wives. It is to the uncommon efforts and vigilance - of Mr. Wesner, and Capt. Dove, of the City Guard, (the latter of whom - seized him) that public justice received its necessary tribute, in the - execution of this man. If the party had been one moment later, he - would, in all probability, have effected his escape the next day in - some outward bound vessel. - -Footnote 9: - - _Monday Gell_ is very well known in this city. He is a most excellent - harness-maker, and kept his shop in Meeting-Street. It would be - difficult to name any individual more actively engaged in the plot - than himself, or more able to aid Denmark Vesey, from his uncommon - sagacity and knowledge. He reads and writes with great and equal - facility, and obviously seems to have been the individual who held the - pen, at all the meetings. At which he wrote more than _one_ letter to - San Domingo, for succors. His own situation afforded no excuse for the - effort in which he was engaged, as he enjoyed all the substantial - comforts of a free man; much indulged and trusted by his master, his - time and a large proportion of the profits of his labour were at his - own disposal. He even kept his master’s _arms_ and sometimes his - money. Monday is an _Ebo_, and is now in the prime of life, having - been in the country 15 or 20 years. - -Footnote 10: - - At the meeting of the Court on the morning of the 13th, Mr. James - Legare, from feeble health and great exhaustion during its previous - sittings, asked, and obtained leave, to withdraw, whereupon Mr. Henry - Deas, was summoned by the Magistrates, who took his seat and served - until the adjournment of the Court. - -Footnote 11: - - This farm was under the charge of a slave named _Billy_, who became a - witness for the state and gave some important details of the meetings - of the _Gullahs_. Several of whom were executed on the 26th. - -Footnote 12: - - This Confession of Purcell’s will show, that the evil foretold, from - the discussion of the _Missouri Question_, has been, in some degree, - realized. - -Footnote 13: - - See Enslow’s Confession, Appendix (M.) - -Footnote 14: - - An appellation, the seceders assumed after their leaving the white - Methodist Church. - -Footnote 15: - - Against this witness, the Court had not a tittle of testimony; he - consented without hesitation to become a witness, and to give all the - information he possessed; a pledge having been previously given him by - the Court, that he should not be prosecuted, nor his name revealed. - -Footnote 16: - - _Perault unhesitatingly stated to Monday’s face, that he had written - two letters, to St. Domingo, and that he (Perault) had gone to - Vanderhorsts wharf with him, in April or May last, to give them in - charge of a black cook on board of a schooner bound to that island. - After Monday was so charged, he confessed that the fact was so, and - that he had been induced to conceal it under an apprehension that if - it were known he had been guilty of such an act all chance of mercy - would be denied him._ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES - - - 1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - 2. Retained anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as - printed. - 3. Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and collected together - at the end of the last chapter. - 4. 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} - @media handheld { .covernote { visibility: visible; display: block;} } - blockquote {margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0em; - margin-right: 0em; font-size: .9em; } - .ol_1 li {font-size: .9em; } - @media handheld {.ol_1 li {padding-left: 1em; text-indent: 0em; } } - body {font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: justify; } - table {font-size: .9em; } - .footnote {font-size: .9em; } - div.footnote p {text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: .5em; } - div.titlepage {text-align: center; page-break-before: always; - page-break-after: always; } - div.titlepage p {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; - line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3em; } - .sc, .fss {font-style: normal; } - </style> - </head> - <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the Late Intended -Insurrection among a Portion of, by Unknown - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: An Account of the Late Intended Insurrection among a Portion of the Blacks of this City - -Author: Unknown - -Release Date: September 24, 2019 [EBook #60349] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ACCOUNT OF THE LATE INTENDED INSURRECTION *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, hekula03, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><b>Transcriber’s Note:</b></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='titlepage'> - -<div> - <h1 class='c001'><span class='xlarge'>AN ACCOUNT</span><br /> <span class='xsmall'>OF</span><br /> <span class='large'>THE LATE</span><br /> Intended Insurrection<br /> <span class='small'>AMONG</span><br /> <span class='large'>A Portion of the Blacks</span><br /> <span class='small'>OF THIS CITY.</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>Published by the Authority</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='xsmall'>OF</span></div> - <div class='c003'>THE CORPORATION OF CHARLESTON.</div> - <div class='c002'><span class='small'>(<i>THIRD EDITION.</i>)</span></div> - <div class='c002'><span class='small'>CHARLESTON:</span></div> - <div><span class='xsmall'>PRINTED BY A. E. MILLER,</span></div> - <div><span class='xsmall'>4 Broad-Street.</span></div> - <div class='c003'>1822.</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c003' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c004'>CITY COUNCIL,</h2> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-r c002'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>August 13th, 1822</span>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>“<i><span class='sc'>Resolved</span>, that the Intendant be requested to prepare -for publication, an account of the late intended -Insurrection in this City, with a Statement of the -Trials and such other facts in connexion with the -same as may be deemed of public interest.</i>”</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>TO THE PUBLIC.</h3> - -<div class='c003'></div> -<blockquote> -<p class='c005'>In complying with the objects of the above Resolution, I have not -been insensible to the difficulties and embarrassments necessarily incident -to the subject, as to what it might be politic either to publish -or suppress. With the advice, however, of the Corporation, I have -deemed a full publication of the prominent circumstances of the late -commotion the most judicious course, as suppression might assume -the appearance of timidity or injustice. Whilst such a Statement is -due to the character of our community, and justification of our laws, -there can be no harm in the salutary inculcation of one lesson, -among a <i>certain</i> portion of our population, that there is nothing -they are bad enough to do, that we are not powerful enough to -punish.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>J. HAMILTON, jun. <i>Intendant</i>,</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><i>Charleston, August</i> 16th, 1822.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span> - <h2 class='c004'>AN ACCOUNT, &C.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c007'>On Thursday, the 30th of May last, about 3 o’clock -in the afternoon, the Intendant of Charleston was informed -by a gentleman of great respectability, (who, -that morning, had returned from the country) that a -favourite and confidential slave of his had communicated -to him, on his arrival in town, a conversation -which had taken place at the market on the Saturday -preceding, between himself and a black man; which -afforded strong reasons for believing that a revolt and -insurrection were in contemplation among a proportion -at least of our black population. The Corporation -was forthwith summoned to meet at 5 o’clock, for the -purpose of hearing the narrative of the slave who had -given this information to his master, to which meeting -the attendance of His Excellency the Governor was solicited; -with which invitation he promptly complied. -Between, however, the hours of 3 and 5 o’clock, the -gentleman who had conveyed the information to the -Intendant, having again examined his slave, was induced -to believe, that the negro fellow who had communicated -the intelligence of the intended revolt to the -slave in question, belonged to Messrs. J. &. D. Paul, -Broad Street, and resided in their premises. Accordingly, -with a promptitude worthy of all praise, without -waiting for the interposition of the civil authority -he applied to the Messrs. Paul and had the whole of -their male servants committed to the Guard-House, -until the individual who had accosted the slave of -this gentleman, on the occasion previously mentioned, -could be identified from among them.</p> - -<p class='c005'><span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>On the assembling of the Corporation at five, the -slave of this gentleman was brought before them, -having previously identified Mr. Paul’s William as the -man who had accosted him in the market, he then -related the following circumstances:</p> - -<p class='c005'>‘On Saturday afternoon last (my master being out -of town) I went to market; after finishing my business -I strolled down the wharf below the fish market, -from which I observed a small vessel in the stream -with a singular flag; whilst looking at this object, -a black man, (Mr. Paul’s William) came up to me -and remarking the subject which engaged my attention -said, I have often seen a flag with the number 76 -on it, but never with 96, before. After some trifling -conversation on this point, he remarked with considerable -earnestness to me. Do you know that something -serious is about to take place? To which I -replied no. Well, said he, there is, and many of us -are determined to right ourselves! I asked him to -explain himself—when he remarked, why, we are -determined to shake off our bondage, and for this -purpose we stand on a good foundation, many have -joined, and if you will go with me, I will show you -the man, who has the list of names who will take -yours down.—I was so much astonished and horror -struck at this information, that it was a moment or -two before I could collect myself sufficiently to tell -him I would have nothing to do with this business, -that I was satisfied with my condition, that I was -grateful to my master for his kindness and wished -no change.—I left him instantly, lest, if this fellow -afterwards got into trouble, and I had been seen -conversing with him, in so public a place, I might be -suspected and thrown into difficulty.—I did not however -remain easy under the burden of such a secret, -and consequently determined to consult a free man of -colour named —— and to ask his advice. On conferring -with this friend, he urged me with great earnestness -<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>to communicate what had passed between -Mr. Paul’s man and myself to my master, and not to -lose a moment in so doing.<a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c008'><sup>[1]</sup></a> I took his advice, and -not waiting, even for the return of my master to town, -I mentioned it to my mistress and young master.—On -the arrival of my master, he examined me as to -what had passed, and I stated to him what I have -mentioned to yourselves.’</p> - -<p class='c005'>On this witness being dismissed from the presence of -Council, the prisoner (William) was examined. The -mode resorted to in his examination was to afford him -no intimation of the subject of the information which -had been lodged against him, as it was extremely desirable -in the first place, to have the testimony of the -other witness corroborated as to time and place, that, -from the confessions of the prisoner himself, it might -appear that he was at the fish-market at the period -stated, and that a singular flag, flying on board of a -schooner, had formed the subject of his observation. -After a vast deal of equivocation, he admitted all -these facts, but when the rest of his conversation -was put home to him, he flatly denied it, but with -so many obvious indications of guilt, that it was deemed -unwise to discharge him. He was remanded, for -the night, to the Guard-House, it having been decided -to subject him to solitary confinement in the black-hole -of the Work-House, where, on the succeeding morning, -he was to be conveyed.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On the morning of the 31st he was again examined -by the attending Warden at the Guard-House (having, -during the night, made some disclosures to Capt. Dove) -on which occasion he admitted all the conversation -which he had held at the fish-market, with the witness -before mentioned, and stated that he had received -his information from Mingo Harth, who was in -possession of the muster-roll of the insurgents.</p> - -<p class='c005'><span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>With the hope of still further disclosures William -was conveyed to the Work-House and placed in solitary -confinement. The individuals (Mingo Harth and -Peter Poyas) against whom he gave information, as -those who had communicated to him the intelligence -of the plot for raising an insurrection, were forthwith -taken up by the Wardens and their trunks examined. -These fellows behaved with so much composure and -coolness, and treated the charge, alleged against them, -with so much levity—(no writings being found in their -chests, containing the smallest suspicion, excepting an -enigmatical letter,<a id='r2' /><a href='#f2' class='c008'><sup>[2]</sup></a> which was then too obscure for explanation, -and to which subsequent events only afforded -a clue)—that the Wardens (Messrs. Wesner & Condy) -were completely deceived, and had these men discharged. -One of these (Peter Poyas) proved afterwards, as -will appear in the sequel, to be one of the principal -ringleaders in the conspiracy, on whose courage and -sagacity great reliance was placed.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Council being still under the conviction that William -Paul was in possession of more information than he -had thought proper to disclose, a Committee was appointed -to examine him from time to time, with the -hope of obtaining further intelligence. Although Peter -and Mingo had been discharged, yet it was deemed -advisable to have them watched, and consequently -spies were employed of their own colour for this purpose, -in such a manner as to give advices of all their -movements.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Things remained in this state for six or seven days, -until about the 8th of June, when William, who had -been a week in solitary confinement, beginning to -fear that he would soon be led forth to the scaffold, for -summary execution, in an interview with Mr. Napier, -(one of the Committee appointed to examine him) confessed, -that he had for some time known of the plot, -that it was very extensive, embracing an indiscriminate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>massacre of the whites, and that the blacks were to be -headed by an individual, who carried about him a charm -which rendered him invulnerable. He stated, that the -period fixed for the rising, was on the second Sunday in -June. This information was without delay conveyed -to his Excellency the Governor, and Council forthwith -convened. Whatever faith we might have been disposed -to place in the unsupported and equivocal testimony -of William, it was not conceived to be a case in -which our doubts should influence our efforts for preparation -and defence. Measures were consequently -promptly taken, to place the City Guard in a state of -the utmost efficiency. Sixteen hundred rounds of ball -cartridges were provided, and the centinels and patrols -ordered on duty with loaded arms. Such had been our -fancied security, that the guard had previously gone on -duty without muskets, with sheathed bayonets and -bludgeons.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Three or four days now elapsed, and notwithstanding -all our efforts, we could obtain no confirmation of -the disclosures of William, on the contrary, they seemed -to have sustained some invalidation, from the circumstance, -of one of the individuals (Ned Bennett) -whom he named as a person who had information in -relation to the insurrection, coming voluntarily to the -Intendant, and soliciting an examination, if he was an -object of suspicion. In this stage of the business, it -was not deemed advisable prematurely to press these -examinations, as it might have a tendency to arrest -any further developments.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On the night, however, of Friday the 14th, the information -of William was amply confirmed, and details -infinitely more abundant and interesting afforded. At -8 o’clock on this evening, the Intendant received a visit -from a gentleman, who is advantageously known in this -community for his worth and respectability.</p> - -<p class='c005'>This gentleman, with an anxiety, which the occasion -was well calculated to beget, stated to the Intendant, -that, having the most unbounded confidence in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>a faithful slave belonging to his family, who was distinguished -alike for his uncommon intelligence and integrity, -he was induced to inform him, that rumors -were abroad of an intended insurrection of the blacks, -and that it was said, that this movement had been -traced to some of the coloured members of Dr. Palmer’s -church, in which he was known to be a class leader.—On -being strongly enjoined to conceal nothing, he, the -next day, Friday the 14th, came to his master, and informed -him, that the fact was really so, that a public -disturbance was contemplated by the blacks, and not a -moment should be lost in informing the constituted authorities, -as the succeeding Sunday, the 16th, at 12 -o’clock, at night, was the period fixed for the rising, -which, if not prevented, would inevitably occur at that -hour. This slave, it appears, was in no degree connected -with the plot, but he had an intimate friend, A—— -(one of his class) who had been trusted by the conspirators -with the secret, and had been solicited by them to -join their association; to this A—— first appeared to consent, -but, on no period absolutely sent in his adhesion. -According to the statement which he afterwards made -himself to the Court, it would seem that it was a subject -of great regret and contrition with him, that he -had ever appeared to lend his approbation to a scheme -so wicked and atrocious, and that he sought occasion to -make atonement, by divulging the plot, which on the -14th he did, to the slave of the gentleman in question, -his class leader.<a id='r3' /><a href='#f3' class='c008'><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c005'>This gentleman, therefore, mentioned, that his servant -had informed him, that A——<a id='r4' /><a href='#f4' class='c008'><sup>[4]</sup></a> had stated, that -about three months ago, Rolla, belonging to Governor -Bennett, had communicated to him the intelligence of -the intended insurrection, and had asked him to join—‘That -<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>he remarked, in the event of their rising, they -would not be without help, as the people from San -Domingo and Africa would assist them in obtaining -their liberty, if they only made the motion first themselves. -That if A—— wished to know more, he had -better attend their meetings, where all would be disclosed.’ -After this, at another interview, Rolla informed -A——, that ‘the plan was matured, and that -on Sunday night, the 16th June, a force would cross -from James’ Island and land on South Bay, march up -and seize the Arsenal and Guard-House, that another -body at the same time would seize the Arsenal on the -Neck, and a third would rendezvous in the vicinity of -his master’s mills. They would then sweep the town -with fire and sword, not permitting a single white soul -to escape.’</p> - -<p class='c009'>As this account was remarkably coincident with the -one given by William (Mr. Paul’s slave) as the witnesses -could have had no possible communication, or the story -have been the result of preconcert and combination, -the sum of this intelligence was laid before the Governor -by 9 o’clock, and by 10 o’clock the commanding -officers of the regiments of the City militia, convened by -his Excellency’s order, at the residence of the Intendant. -On this and the succeeding afternoon, at another -meeting of the same individuals, such measures were -determined on by his Excellency, as were deemed best -adapted to the approaching exigency of Sunday night.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On Sunday the 16th, at 10 o’clock at night, the following -corps were ordered to rendezvous for guard—</p> - -<p class='c005'>Capt. Cattel’s Corps of <i>Hussars</i>, Capt. Miller’s <i>Light -Infantry</i>, Capt. Martindale’s <i>Neck Rangers</i>, <i>Charleston -Riflemen</i>, and <i>City Guard</i>.<a id='r5' /><a href='#f5' class='c008'><sup>[5]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c005'>The whole were organized as a detachment, and -placed under the command of Col. R. Y. Hayne. Although -there was necessarily great excitement, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>among the female part of our community much alarm, -yet, the night passed off without any thing like commotion -or disturbance, and it is peculiarly honorable to -the corps on service, that in a populous town, the streets -filled until a late hour with persons, uncertain whether -it was safe to go to <i>rest</i> or <i>not</i>, not a single case of false -alarm was excited. A steadiness altogether praiseworthy, -in troops unaccustomed to guard duty, at least on -an occasion involving such deep interest and distressing -anxiety.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The conspirators finding the whole town encompassed -at 10 o’clock, by the most vigilant patrols, did not -dare to show themselves, whatever might have been -their plans. In the progress of the subsequent investigation, -it was distinctly in proof, that but for these military -demonstrations, the effort would unquestionably -have been made; that a meeting took place on Sunday -afternoon, the 16th, at 4 o’clock, of several of the ringleaders, -at Denmark Vesey’s, for the purpose of making -their preliminary arrangements, and that early in the -morning of Sunday, Denmark despatched a courier, to -order down some country negroes from Goose Creek, -which courier had endeavored in vain to get out of -town.</p> - -<p class='c005'>No developement of the plot having been made on -Sunday night, and the period having passed, which -was fixed on for its explosion, it now became the duty -of the civil authority to take immediate steps for the -apprehension, commitment, and trial of those against -whom they were in possession of information. Council -was accordingly convened, and as a preliminary -measure, it was deemed expedient, that a Court of the -highest respectability, for the talents and integrity of -its members, should be assembled, and that, whilst the -requisitions of the Act of Assembly, of 1740, should be -strictly complied with, in devolving the warrant of summons -on the Magistrates; the Corporation saw no impropriety -in affording these officers a list of such names -of Freeholders, as they knew would meet in a preeminent -<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>degree the public approbation; and to these -persons private letters were written by the authority of -Council, strongly soliciting their acceptance of a trust, -involving indeed the most irksome labour, as well as the -deepest responsibility. In conformity with these arrangements, -the following Court was organized on the -evening of the 17th:—</p> - -<table class='table0' summary=''> - <tr><td class='c010' colspan='2'><i>Magistrates</i>,</td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>Lionel H. Kennedy</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'>and</td> - <td class='c012'>} Esqrs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>Thomas Parker</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c010' colspan='2'><i>Freeholders</i>,</td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'>Colonel <span class='sc'>William Drayton</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nath’l. Heyward</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>J. R. Pringle</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>} Esqrs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>James Legare</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>R. J. Turnbull</span>.</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class='c005'>Cotemporaneously with the organization of this -Court, a Committee of Vigilance and Safety was appointed -from among the Members of Council, to aid the -Intendant in the execution of the laws; to co-operate -with him during the recess of Council, in all those -measures necessary for exploring the causes and character -of the existing disturbance, and bringing to light -and punishment the suspected and guilty. How ably -these functions were discharged by this Committee, it -is not befitting the occasion or the circumstances under -which this publication appears to dwell. Their generous -devotion and unremitting assiduity to the public -interests and safety, are left to the more appropriate -appreciation of a community that witnessed their labours. -This Committee consisted of Messrs. Wesner, -Napier, Condy, Burger, and Simons, and were zealously -aided by the rest of the Wardens; and for -its service, four of the most active, intelligent, and confidential -non-commissioned officers of the City Guard, -were detached as Police Officers, to search suspected -places, and to apprehend those for whom warrants -might be issued. This Committee commenced its labours -on the night of the 17th, and during the ensuing -twenty-four hours, the following slaves were committed:—<i>Rolla</i>, -<i>Batteau</i>, <i>Matthias</i> and <i>Ned</i>, the property -of the Governor Bennett; <i>Mungo</i> and <i>Peter</i>, the property -of James Poyas; <i>Amhurst</i>, the property of Mrs. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>Lining; <i>Stephen</i>, the property of T. R. Smith; <i>Richard</i> -and <i>John</i>, the property of Jonathan Lucas.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On the morning of the 19th of June, the Court of -Magistrates and Freeholders assembled at the Court-House, -were sworn in, and proceeded to the arraignment -of the above prisoners for trial. Who were -charged “<i>with attempting to raise an insurrection -among the Blacks against the Whites</i>.” In order -that the public may understand the offence as defined -in the Act of 1740, the clause, at length, will be found -in the Appendix, marked (A.)</p> - -<p class='c005'>Before we proceed to a brief (and it necessarily must -be very brief) abstract of the testimony offered in the -cases brought before the Court, it may not be unimportant -to observe, that, previous to their proceeding to -the painful investigation with which they were charged, -they laid down a variety of rules for their government, -all of them subservient to justice as well as humanity. -In the first place, it was decided, that the testimony -should be regulated by those established rules of evidence, -which are elsewhere found so important in the -exposition of truth; that no slave should be tried but in -the presence of his Master or his Attorney; that the -testimony of one witness, unsupported by circumstances, -should lead to no conviction involving capital -punishment; and that the statement of the party himself, -should be heard in explanation of such particulars, -as seemed most inculpatory.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>THE COURT,</h3> - -<p class='c014'>Being thus organized, they proceeded to the trial of -ROLLA, the slave of Governor Bennett:—</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c015'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Jacob Axson</span>, Esq. attending as Attorney of his master.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>It was proved, that <i>Rolla</i> had confessed to two persons, -both of whom were examined by the Court, that -he belonged to the conspiracy, and with one of these -witnesses (his friend) he used every effort to induce -him to join in the insurrection, which Rolla stated -<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>was to take place on the night of the 16th of June.—Finding -that this friend (the witness in question) would -not join the association, he urged him to go out of -town on Sunday night, lest some harm should come to -him. Rolla represented himself as the commander of -the Force which was to rendezvous in the vicinity of his -master’s mills, and explained to the witness fully the -order of attack; the division of the forces; and said, -“that his troops, in their way into town, would fix -his Old Buck (his master) and the Intendant.” On -being asked whether it was intended to kill the women -and children, he remarked when we have done -with the men we know what to do with the women.—On -this testimony Rolla was found <i>guilty</i>, and sentenced -to be executed on the 2d of July.<a id='r6' /><a href='#f6' class='c008'><sup>[6]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c009'>BATTEAU was next tried—</p> - -<p class='c005'>It was proved that <i>Batteau</i> confessed to two persons -(both of whom were introduced as witnesses) that he -belonged to the conspiracy, and made efforts to induce -them to join in the rising, by representing the extent -of their preparations, and the probability of their success. -He stated he was to head a party near Canon’s -bridge, and that he expected aid from the country.—More -than one interview took place between Batteau -and the witnesses on the subject; the last, on the Sunday -fixed for the insurrection, on which he renewed -his solicitations that the witnesses should join him.—Batteau -was found <i>guilty</i>, and sentenced to be executed -on the 2d of July.</p> - -<p class='c009'>STEPHEN, belonging to Thos. R. Smith, Esq.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Was next brought before the Court, but the testimony -being deemed insufficient, and indeed, the Court -being satisfied of his innocence, directed his <i>discharge</i>.</p> - -<p class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>PETER, the slave of Mr. James Poyas, was next tried.</p> - -<p class='c005'>It was distinctly in proof, against <i>Peter</i>, that he had -made great efforts to induce others to join in the insurrection; -and the testimony represented him quite in -the character of a chieftain or leader, for which his -boldness and sagacity unquestionably qualified him.—He -appeared, from the testimony, to have employed -uncommon pains to remove all the objections arising -in the minds of those whom he attempted to enlist, as -to the probability of the success of the effort. And -spoke with great confidence of the succors which were -expected from San Domingo. It was strongly to be -inferred, from all the witnesses stated, that the difficult -and dangerous sally of endeavouring to carry the -Main Guard-House was to have been confided to him, -for he particularly acquainted one of the witnesses with -the combination of stratagem and force with which he -proposed to accomplish this object.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Peter was found <i>guilty</i> on this testimony, and sentenced -for execution on the 2d of July.<a id='r7' /><a href='#f7' class='c008'><sup>[7]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c009'>AMHERST, belonging to Mrs. Lining, was next examined, -found <i>not guilty</i>, and <i>discharged</i>.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The Court then proceeded to the trial of NED, the -property of Governor Bennett.</p> - -<p class='c005'><i>Ned’s</i> guilt was proved fully by the same witnesses -that appeared against Peter Poyas, with whom it was -established he was in the habit of frequent consultation -on the efforts that were to be made. Subsequent disclosures -have justified very strongly the finding of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>Court against him, and placed it beyond a doubt, that -he was a ringleader, and was to have headed a force in -the vicinity of the Lines.</p> - -<p class='c005'>He was found <i>guilty</i>, and sentenced for execution on -the 2d of July.</p> - -<p class='c009'>On the 24th of June, the Court discharged as <i>not -guilty</i>, <i>Samuel Guifford</i> and <i>Robert Hadden</i>, two free -persons of colour, as also <i>Matthias</i>, the slave of Governor -Bennett; <i>Mungo</i>, the slave of Mr. Poyas; <i>Robert</i>, -the slave of Mr. Harth, and <i>Richard</i> and <i>John</i>, the slaves -of Mr. Lucas.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On the 25th of June, the Court examined the cases -of <i>Jim</i>, belonging to Mr. Ancrum; <i>Sandy</i>, belonging to -Mr. Holmes, and <i>Friday</i>, the property of Mr. Rout, all -of whom were found <i>not guilty</i>, and <i>discharged</i>.</p> - -<p class='c016'>On Wednesday, the 26th of June, the Court proceeded -to the trial of ABRAHAM, the slave of Dr. -Poyas.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The only proof adduced against <i>Abraham</i>, was the -following letter, found in the trunk of Peter Poyas, -and acknowledged by Abraham to have been written -by himself,—</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class='c005'>“<span class='sc'>Dear Sir</span>,—With pleasure I give you an answer. I will endeavour -to do it. Hoping that God will be in the midst to help his -own. Be particular and make a sure remark. Fear not, the Lord -God that delivered Daniel is able to deliver us. All that I inform -agreed. I am gone up to Beach-Hill.”</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>(Signed)</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Abraham Poyas</span>.”</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<p class='c005'>Although this letter was extremely suspicious, yet, -there being no other testimony against Abraham, he -was found <i>not guilty</i> of the charge ‘of attempting to -raise an insurrection among the blacks against the -whites.’</p> - -<p class='c016'>On Thursday the 27th, DENMARK VESEY, a free -black man, was brought before the Court for trial,</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c015'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Assisted by his Counsel, <span class='sc'>G. W. Cross</span>, Esq.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>It is perhaps somewhat remarkable, that at this stage -of the investigation, although several witnesses had -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>been examined, the <i>atrocious</i> guilt of <i>Denmark Vesey</i> -had not been as yet fully unfolded. From the testimony -of most of the witnesses, however, the Court -found enough, and amply enough, to warrant the sentence -of death, which, on the 28th, they passed on -him. But every subsequent step in the progress of the -trials of others, lent new confirmation to his overwhelming -guilt, and placed him beyond a doubt, on the -criminal eminence of having been the individual, in -whose bosom the nefarious scheme was first engendered. -There is ample reason for believing, that this project -was not, with him, of recent origin, for it was said, -he had spoken of it for upwards of four years.</p> - -<p class='c005'>These facts of his guilt the journals of the Court -will disclose—that no man can be proved to have spoken -of or urged the insurrection prior to himself. All -the channels of communication and intelligence are -traced back to him. His house was the place appointed -for the secret meetings of the conspirators, at which -he was invariably a leading and influential member; -animating and encouraging the timid, by the hopes of -prospects of success; removing the scruples of the religious, -by the grossest prostitution and perversion of the -sacred oracles, and inflaming and confirming the resolute, -by all the savage fascinations of blood and booty.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The peculiar circumstances of guilt, which confer a -distinction on his case, will be found narrated in the -confessions of Rolla, Monday Gell, Frank and -Jesse, in the Appendix. He was sentenced for execution -on the 2d July.<a id='r8' /><a href='#f8' class='c008'><sup>[8]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>The Court tried JESSE, the slave of Mr. Thomas -Blackwood.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The testimony against <i>Jesse</i> was very ample. His -activity and zeal, in promoting the views of Denmark -Vesey, in relation to the plot, were fully proved. He -had engaged with Vesey to go out of town on Sunday -the 16th, to bring down some negroes from the country, -to aid in the rising on that night; and remarked, to the -witnesses, on his way to Hibbens’ ferry, “if my father -does not assist I will cut off his head.” All the -particulars in proof against him, he confirmed after receiving -his sentence, by his own full and satisfactory -Confession, which will be found in the Appendix, -marked (H.)</p> - -<p class='c005'><span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>This man excited no small sympathy, not only from -the apparent sincerity of his contrition, but from the -mild and unostentatious composure with which he -met his fate.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Sentence of death was passed on these six men, on -the 28th of June, and they were executed on the 2d -of July. With the exception of Jesse and Rolla, they -made no disclosures; all of them, with those exceptions, -either explicitly or implicitly affirming their innocence. -It is much to be lamented that the situation -of the Work-House, at this period, precluded, -after their sentence, their being separately confined; -at least, that Vesey could not have been subjected to the -gloom and silence of a solitary cell. He might have -been softened, and afforded the most precious confessions, -as his knowledge and agency in the nefarious -scheme very far exceeded the information of others, -who, however guilty, seemed but the agents of his will. -But these men mutually supported each other, and died -obedient to the stern and emphatic injunction of their -Comrade (Peter Poyas) “<i>Do not open your lips! Die -silent, as you shall see me do!</i>” It was, perhaps, <i>alone</i>, -in Denmark Vesey’s power, to have given us the true -character, extent and importance of the correspondence, -it was afterwards proved, was carried on with certain -persons in San Domingo.</p> - -<p class='c009'>On the 1st of July the Court proceeded to the trial -of MONDAY GELL, who, together with CHARLES -DRAYTON, had been apprehended; the first, on the -27th of June, and the latter, on the 2d of July.</p> - -<p class='c005'>By referring to the Appendix (D.) & (E.) the nature -of the testimony against these individuals will be seen. -In reference to the case of <i>Monday Gell</i> it was established -that he had been a very important ringleader, -and that his shop, in Meeting-Street, was a place at -which many meetings were held; at all of which he -was present, lending the most zealous aid, and affording -the strongest countenance; and if any confirmation -of his guilt should be sought for, it may be found in his -<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>own confession in the Appendix (K.) After Monday -Gell and Charles Drayton were convicted there appeared -to be a pause in our further discoveries, and -some prospect of the investigation closing with their -execution and that of John Horry, Harry Haig and -Gullah Jack, (for the guilt of the latter, see Appendix -(D.) (E.) & (F.))</p> - -<p class='c009'>On the 9th of July, however, these five men, were -called before the Court to receive sentence, and after -it had been pronounced, with the most impressive solemnity, -they were withdrawn to a common ward in -the Work-House, for half an hour, until separate cells -could be provided for them. It was at this moment -that <i>Charles Drayton</i>, overwhelmed with terror and -guilt, went up to <i>Monday</i> and reproached him with -having induced him to join in a scheme which had -placed him in such a miserable and perilous situation. -To this appeal Monday, not only confessed his guilt, -but observed to Charles—that their present fate was -justly and precisely what they had a right to expect, -after their detected and defeated project. On which -there immediately ensued between them a conversation -on the extent of the guilt of others, in which Monday -gave Charles the names of many accomplices -whom he had not previously known in the plot;—the -arrival of the blacksmith to iron the convicts, and the -turnkey to convey them to separate cells, interrupted -the conversation.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Charles, during the night of the 9th, sent for Mr. -Gordon, who has charge of the Work-House, and informed -him that he was extremely anxious to see the Intendant, -as he had some important disclosures to make. -By day-light, on the morning of the 10th, this message -was conveyed to the person for whom it was intended, -and Charles was visited at sun-rise. He was found, -in a state of the most lamentable depression and panic, -and he seemed prepared to make the most ample declarations -from the fear of death, and the consequences -of an <i>hereafter</i>, if he went out of the world without -revealing all that he knew, in relation to the Conspiracy, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>in which he had been so active an agent. Before -his narrative was received, he was most specially put on -his guard, that no promises could be made to him of a -reversal of his fate, but that he might rest satisfied, -his condition could not be worse by his coming out -with a full disclosure of all that he knew. He then -stated many particulars, that had come to his own -knowledge, proving a much wider diffusion of the -plot than, at that period, was imagined; and, after -giving up the names of several of his comrades, he -mentioned the conversation which had been commenced -and broken off, in the common ward of the Work-House, -between Monday Gell and himself. As Monday, -at this period, did not seem disposed to make any -confessions to others, whatever he might be inclined -to do to his friend Charles, it was considered important, -that the conversation between them should -be renewed, and they were brought together in -the same cell, and left for twenty-four hours -alone; but some little stratagem was employed, to divert -the suspicions of Monday, that Charles was confined -with him, merely for the purpose of getting information -out of him.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On the morning of the 10th, the Court were convened, -and apprized, generally, of these new disclosures, -which Charles had made, but as he was still <i>closeted</i> -with Monday, he could not be examined on that day, -the Court adjourned to meet on the 13th; on which -day Monday Gell’s own confession was heard by them. -Between the 10th and 13th, <i>Charles</i> and <i>Monday</i> were -separated (having been respited by His Excellency, the -Governor, at the request of the Court) and Charles, on -his re-examination afforded much important information, -which he had derived from Monday. On Monday’s -having all this brought to his view, he confessed -his own guilt, as well as the truth of the statements -which he had made to Charles.<a id='r9' /><a href='#f9' class='c008'><sup>[9]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>Cotemporaneously with these communications, PERAULT, -belonging to Mr. Strohecker, was taken up, -on the 10th, and on his being closely and judiciously -examined by his master, he gave a large mass of intelligence -confirming what had been related by Monday -and Charles, and supplying several deficiencies in their -testimony, more especially that part of it which related -to the transmission of <i>certain</i> letters to San Domingo. -These disclosures, with some further details which were -obtained from Harry Haig, (whose confession and subsequent -testimony went to implicate a corps of Gullah -or Angola negroes, that had been organized under the -command of their Chief, Gullah Jack,) gave ample -employment for three or four days to the Committee of -Vigilance, during which upwards of sixty slaves were -apprehended.</p> - -<p class='c005'>It would very much transcend the limits necessarily -prescribed to this brief memoir, to go over all the -trials that subsequently ensued, on these fresh discoveries. -As the most important part of the testimony, -adduced on these trials, is to be found in the Appendix, -it is deemed altogether, superfluous, to make a special -application of it to each of the cases, as this would -result in a repetition fatiguing and uninteresting to the -reader. It will be sufficient to single out a few of the -cases most pregnant in interest, and to remark, that the -Court on its reorganization on the 13th, justly estimating -the extent of the labour before them, laid down -certain rules of discrimination in the guilt of the parties -to which they give the most definite precision and -perspicuity, by adopting two classes of offence; the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>first involving a primary and the second a minor degree -of guilt. Under the first class, they brought all those -who were ringleaders, who had made a declaration of -their belonging to the association, and who had been -present, aiding and abetting in the contribution of -money, arms or ammunition, at Denmark Vesey’s, or -who were in the constant habit of visiting Monday -Gell’s shop and Bulkley’s farm, for the purpose of -obtaining and communicating intelligence of the progress -of the conspiracy. Those found guilty in this class, -were to be punished with death. Under the second -class were arranged those who had merely sent in their -adhesion to the ringleaders without ever having attended -a meeting at Vesey’s, or having been recognized by -him as confidential men, or contributed to the -purchase of arms or ammunition, or endeavoured to -enlist others. The punishment which awaited those -found guilty in this class, was transportation beyond -the limits of the United States.<a id='r10' /><a href='#f10' class='c008'><sup>[10]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c005'>By reference to the Calendar marked (S) in the -Appendix, the names of the prisoners committed will -be found, and under a proper column, the mode in -which they were disposed of, whether by death, transportation, -or discharge, from the insufficiency of testimony. -The extent of the evidence adduced, therefore, -against each individual, may be inferred with accuracy, -by observing the punishment awarded him; as the -Court adhered with great and rigid fidelity to these -rules, which were in unison both with justice and -humanity.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Among the vast number of cases disposed of by the -first Court; in a session of nearly six weeks, involving -the most intense and unremitting labour, it would be -impossible to overlook the case of Jack Pritchard, -otherwise called GULLAH JACK. The testimony -in the Appendix, of more than one of the witnesses, will -<span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>establish fully his guilt, and prove the justice of the -sentence, by which he was ushered into another world; -but no description can accurately convey to others the -impression which his trial, defence and appearance -made on those who witnessed the workings of his -cunning and rude address. Born a conjurer and a physician, -in his own country (for in Angola they are matters -of inheritance) he practised <i>these arts</i> in this country -for fifteen years, without its being generally known -among the whites. Vesey, who left no engines of -power unessayed, seems, in an early stage of his design, -to have turned his eye on this Necromancer, aware of -his influence with his own countrymen, who are distinguished -both for their credulous superstition and -clannish sympathies. It does not appear that Jack -required much persuasion to induce him to join in a -project, which afforded him the most ample opportunities -of displaying his peculiar art, whilst it is very obvious -that his willingness, to do all that Vesey might -require, was in no little degree stimulated, by his bitterness -and his gall against the whites. Altho’ he had been -fifteen or twenty years in this country, yet he appeared -to be untouched by the influences of civilized life.—If -the part which he was to play in this drama, bespoke -that the treacherous and vindictive artifices of -war in his own country, existed in unimpaired vigour in -his memory, his wildness and vehemence of gesture and -the malignant glance with which he eyed the witnesses -who appeared against him, all indicated the savage, -who indeed had been <i>caught</i>, but not <i>tamed</i>. It would -be both tedious and disgusting to relate the many artifices -employed by this miscreant to deceive and cajole -his deluded countrymen. Such was their belief in his -invulnerability, that his charms and amulets were in -request, and he was regarded as a man, who could <i>only</i> -be harmed but by the <i>treachery</i> of his fellows. Even -those negroes who were born in this country seem to -have spoken of his charmed invincibility with a confidence -which looked much like belief. When Jack -was dragged forth to the scaffold he seemed conscious -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>that his arts would stand him in little stead, and gave -up his spirit without firmness or composure.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The case of TOM RUSSEL, another of the Gullah -Band, deserves a brief notice. He was tried some -days after Jack, and was executed among the twenty-two -Criminals hung on the Lines, on the 26th July. -Tom was Jack’s <i>armourer</i>, and kept his blacksmith’s -shop on East-Bay. His part in the conspiracy was -confined to the making of pikes and spears, which it -appears he did on a very approved model. After these -weapons were finished, they were held subject to the order -of Jack, and by him sent up to Mr. Bulkley’s farm,<a id='r11' /><a href='#f11' class='c008'><sup>[11]</sup></a> -near the Cross Roads, where handles were provided for -them by Polydore Faber, a Gullah, who met his fate -on the same scaffold with Tom Russel. This farm -was one of the principal rendezvous of the Gullah -Band, of which Jack was the Captain.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The trial of LOT FORRESTER, was not without -interest, as he was the <i>courier</i> of the conspiracy, and -was proved to have gone out of town, for the purpose -of inducing the country negroes to join in the insurrection; -his journeys were both south and north of -Charleston. His zeal and perseverance in the cause -were strongly proved, and there is every reason for -believing that the conflagration of the city was confided, -by Vesey, to him. Match-rope was found in a situation -where he had probably secreted it.—He was -hung on the Lines on the 26th of July.</p> - -<p class='c009'>BACCHUS HAMMETT, who was hung, also, on -the 26th, did render, and was to have rendered, on -the night of the 16th, the most essential aid. Before -the latter period he had stolen from his master’s store -a keg of powder, which was conveyed, first to Vesey’s -afterwards to Monday Gell’s, and lastly to Gullah -Jack, to be prepared into cartridges. On the night -of the 16th he was to have slept where the arms of the -<i>Neck-Rangers</i> were deposited, and facilitated their -seizure and distribution among Gullah Jack’s corps, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>who were to have carried this post, as well as Mr. -<i>Duquercron’s</i> store, in which there were 500 stands of -arms, deposited for sale.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The cases of JACK GLEN, BILLY PALMER, -and JACK PURCELL, are distinguished, not by -any peculiar atrocity, but for the hypocrisy they blended -with their crime. Their assent to the plot was -distinctly shown, and it was in proof, that Vesey had -recognized them all as his men. Jack Glen was -a Preacher. Billy Palmer, exceedingly pious, and a -communicant at the church of his master; and Jack -Purcell no less devout. The case of the latter was not -without its pathos, from the deep contrition he expressed -before his execution; the distressing interest -which his mistress is said to have taken in his fate, and -the lamentable delusion under which he laboured, -which is more particularly unfolded in his confession, -in the Appendix marked (L.)<a id='r12' /><a href='#f12' class='c008'><sup>[12]</sup></a> Jack Glen and Purcell -were hung on the Lines. Billy Palmer has been -respited by His Excellency, the Governor, until October -next, for a commutation of his punishment to -banishment beyond the limits of the United States.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The Court having used the testimony of <i>Monday -Gell</i>, <i>Charles Drayton</i> and <i>Harry Haig</i>, very efficaciously, -to the ends of public justice, reconsidered -the sentences, which had been passed on them, and -instead of death, sentenced them to transportation -beyond the limits of the United States.</p> - -<p class='c009'>As a matter of form, <i>Perault</i>, <i>John Enslow</i> and -<i>Billy Bulkley</i>, (who had become witnesses for the -state,) were then tried on their own confessions, and -sentenced to be transported beyond the limits of the -United States. These individuals were important -witnesses in all the apprehensions and trials subsequent -to the 13th of July.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Perault gave his testimony with great fearlessness -and candour, and Enslow with much composure and -connexion; the evidence of both, as well indeed as -<span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>that of most of the witnesses, was much appreciated -by the Court, after a severe scrutiny.<a id='r13' /><a href='#f13' class='c008'><sup>[13]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c009'>This Court, having disposed of all the cases before -them, adjourned on the 26th of July.</p> - -<p class='c009'>At this stage of our investigation we were satisfied -that of all the ringleaders in the conspiracy, -<i>William Garner</i>, (who had effected his escape from -the city about the 1st of July) only, remained to be -punished. As information had been received of his -having travelled towards Columbia, a proclamation -was issued by His Excellency, the Governor, for his -apprehension, in promotion of the success of which some -subsidiary steps were taken by private means. On the -2d of August our wishes, relating to Garner, were gratified, -by his arrival in town. He had previously been -arrested at Columbia, thro’ the public spirited efforts -of the Intendant of that place and Lieut. Maxcy, -who overtook and apprehended him at Granby.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On Garner’s arrival, a new Court was organized -for his trial, and such other cases as might be brought -before them, by precisely the same means as those -which had been employed on the appointment of the -first; and the services of the following gentlemen secured, -who were known to possess, deservedly, a large -share of the public confidence.</p> - -<table class='table0' summary=''> - <tr><td class='c010' colspan='2'><i>Magistrates</i>,</td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>Jacob Axon</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'>and</td> - <td class='c012'>} Esqrs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>G. M. Furman</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c010' colspan='2'><i>Freeholders.</i></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'>Hon. <span class='sc'>Joel R. Poinsett</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>Thos. R. Smith</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>R. Y. Hayne</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'>} Esqrs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'>Col. <span class='sc'>Thomas Roper</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'>Col. <span class='sc'>John Gordon</span>.</td> - <td class='c012'> </td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class='c005'>This Court adopted the same rules for their government -which had been so humanely and dispassionately -adopted by the preceding Court, but, as enough -had been done for public example, they determined -to visit capital punishment on none but ringleaders. -The first case they tried was that of WILLIAM -GARNER.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Garner’s guilt had all the characteristics, which the -Court had assigned to the first class of turpitude; it -was not only proved that he was actively engaged in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>recruiting others, but that he was to have led a -troop of horse, at the rising, composed of all such of -the conspirators as might have appeared in the streets -on horseback. And further, that he had made an -offer of a command to others in his corps. Four -witnesses having sworn positively to his guilt, detailing -a variety of particulars, mutually corroborating -and supporting each other, he was found guilty and -sentenced for execution on the 9th of August, at which -period the sentence was carried into effect. This Court -having, after a short adjournment, of three or four, -days recommenced their session, disposed of twelve -cases more, involving a minor degree of guilt, and -adjourned finally on the 8th of August.</p> - -<p class='c005'>These trials, together with some private arrangements, -made with their owners, in reference to the -banishment of several slaves, in cases where their -guilt was clear, but not of the first degree, have at -length closed the anxious and irksome labours of the -corporation, after an examination of little less than -two months.</p> - -<p class='c005'>It will be seen, by referring to the Calendar marked -(S) that one hundred and thirty-one were committed; -thirty-five have suffered death, and thirty-seven have -been sentenced to banishment. The most important -object to be obtained in uprooting a conspiracy, we -have fully accomplished, by bringing to punishment -the whole of the ringleaders. Monday Gell, whose -knowledge of the plot was, probably, exceeded only -by Vesey’s, has emphatically stated, that the ringleaders -were the first six, who were executed on the 2d of -July, to wit: Denmark Vesey, Peter Poyas, Ned Bennett, -Rolla, Batteau and Jesse; to which he has since -added himself and William Garner, who was executed -on the 9th of August.</p> - -<p class='c005'>We, moreover, believe, that all who were active -agents (though not ringleaders) in the conspiracy, -have expiated their crimes, or are about to do so, by -an eternal exile from our shores. It may be mentioned, -in confirmation of this belief, that Monday Gell, from -memory, made out a list of forty-two names, of those -who were in the habit of visiting his shop, for the purpose -of combining and confederating in the intended -insurrection, whom he called his company; every one of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>whom have been apprehended, and disposed of. We -cannot venture to say, to how many the knowledge of -the intended effort, was communicated, who, without -signifying their assent, or attending any of the meetings, -were yet prepared to profit by events. That -there are many who would not have permitted the -enterprize to have failed at a <i>critical moment</i>, for the -want of their co-operation, we have the best reasons -for believing.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Before we conclude, some notice of the probable -causes of this conspiracy may be expected. As this is -a matter of speculation, we shall not speak without -reserve. Of the motives of Vesey, we cannot sit in -judgment; they have been scanned by a power who -can do higher justice than ourselves. But as they are -explained by his character and conduct, during the -combinations of the plot, they are only to be referred -to a malignant hatred of the whites, and inordinate lust -of power and booty. Indeed, the belief is altogether -justifiable, that his end would have been answered, if, -after laying our city in ashes, and moistening its cinders -with blood, he could have embarked with a part -of the pillage of our banks for San Domingo; leaving -a large proportion of his deluded followers to the exterminating -desolation of that justice, which would have -awaited, in the end, a transient success. His followers -were slaves, and for them it would not be so difficult -to assign a motive, if it had not been distinctly -proved, that without, scarcely an exception, they had -no individual hardship to complain of, and were -among the most humanely treated negroes in our city. -The facilities for combining and confederating in such -a scheme, were amply afforded, by the extreme indulgence -and kindness, which characterises the domestic -treatment of our slaves. Many slave owners among -us, not satisfied with ministering to the wants of -their domestics, by all the comforts of abundant food, -and excellent clothing, with a misguided benevolence, -have not only permitted their instruction, but lent to -such efforts their approbation and applause.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Religious fanaticism has not been without its effect -on this project, and as auxiliary to these sentiments, the -secession of a large body of blacks from the white -Methodist Church, with feelings of irritation and disappointment, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>formed a hot-bed, in which the germ -might well be expected to spring into life and vigour. -Among the conspirators <i>a majority</i> of them belonged -to the <i>African Church</i>,<a id='r14' /><a href='#f14' class='c008'><sup>[14]</sup></a> and among those executed -were several who had been Class Leaders. It is, however, -due to the late head of their church (for since -the late events the association has been voluntarily -dissolved) and their deacons, to say, that after the -most diligent search and scrutiny, no evidence entitled -to belief, has been discovered against them. A hearsay -rumour, in relation to <i>Morris Brown</i>, was traced -far enough to end in its complete falsification.</p> - -<p class='c005'>That the course which certain discussions assumed -in Congress were likewise efficacious in producing -both discontent and delusion, is sufficiently apparent. -Jack Purcell’s confession in the Appendix, will show to -what a purpose Vesey applied those beautiful propositions -of civil and natural freedom, which were -sported with a wanton recklessness of their consequences, -as applied to the condition of a certain portion -of our common country.</p> - -<p class='c005'>It is consoling to every individual, who is proud of -the character of his country, in the late unhappy -events, to be able to say, that, within the limits of the -City of Charleston, in a period of great and unprecedented -excitement, the laws, without even one violation, -have ruled with uninterrupted sway—that no cruel -vindictive or barbarous modes of punishment have -been resorted to—that justice has been blended with -an enlightened humanity, in according to those who -had meted out for us murder, rapine and conflagration, -in their most savage forms—trials, which, for the wisdom, -impartiality and moderation that governed them, -are even superior to those which the ordinary modes -of judicature would have afforded ourselves.</p> - -<p class='c005'>With little to fear, and nothing to reproach ourselves -we may, without shrinking, submit our conduct to the -award of posterity, and ourselves to the protection of -the Supreme Ruler of Events.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span> - <h2 class='c004'>APPENDIX.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c006'>(A.)</h3> - -<p class='c014'>Every Slave who shall raise, or attempt to raise an Insurrection, -in this Province, or shall endeavour to delude or entice any Slave to -runaway and leave the Province, every such Slave and Slaves, and -his and their accomplices, aiders and abetters, shall, on conviction -thereof, as aforesaid, suffer death. <i>Provided always</i>, that it shall and -may be lawful, to and for the Justices who shall pronounce sentence -against such Slaves, by and with the advice and consent of the Freeholders -as aforesaid, if several Slaves shall receive sentence at one -time, to mitigate and alter the sentence of any Slave, other than such -as shall be convicted of homicide of a white person, who they shall -think may deserve mercy, and may inflict such corporal punishment -(other than death) on any such Slave, as they in discretion shall -think fit, any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof, in any -wise notwithstanding. <i>Provided</i>, that one or more of the said Slaves -who shall be convicted of the crimes or offence aforesaid, where several -are concerned, shall be executed for example, to deter others -from offending in the like kind. A. A. 1740. P. L. 167.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(B.)</h3> - -<p class='c014'>A negro man testified as follows:<a id='r15' /><a href='#f15' class='c008'><sup>[15]</sup></a>—I know Peter, he belongs to -Mr. James Poyas; in May last, Peter and myself met in Legare street, -at the corner of Lambol street, where the following conversation took -place—He asked me the news—I replied, none that I know of—He -said, by George! we can’t live so. I replied, how will we do? He -said, we can do very well, if you can find any one to assist us—will -you join? I asked him, how do you mean? He said, why! to break -the yoke; I replied, I don’t know. He asked me, suppose you were -to hear, that the whites were going to kill you, would you defend yourself? -I replied, I’d try to escape. He asked, have you lately seen -<i>Denmark Vesey</i>, and has he spoken to you particularly. I said no. -Well then, said he, that’s all now: but call at the shop to-morrow after -knocking off work, and I will tell you more! We then parted.—I -met him the next day, according to appointment, when he said to -me, we intend to see, if we can’t do something for ourselves, we can’t -live so. I asked him, where he would get men? He said, we’ll find -them fast enough, we have got enough, we expect men from country -and town. But how, said I, will you manage it. Why, we will give -them notice, said he, and they will march down and camp round the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>city. But what, said I, will they do for arms. He answered, they -will find arms enough, they all bring down their hoes, axes, &c. I -said, that won’t do to fight with here. He said, stop! let us get candidates -from town with arms, and we will then take the Guard-House -and Arsenal in town, the Arsenal on the Neck and the Upper Guard-House, -and supply the country people with arms. How, said I, will -you approach those Arsenals, &c. for they are guarded? Yes, said he, -I know that, but what are these guards, one man here, and one man -there, we let a man pass before us. Well, said I, but how will the -black people from the country, and those from the islands, know -when you are to begin, or how will you get the town people together. -Why, said he, we will have prayer meetings at night, and there notify -them when to start, and when the clock strikes twelve, <i>all must move</i>. -But, said I, the whites in the back country, Virginia, &c.; when they -hear the news, will turn to, and kill you all, and besides, you may be -betrayed. Well said he, what of that, if one gets hanged, we will rise -at that minute. We then left his shop, and walked towards Broad -street, when he said, I want you to take notice of all the shops and -stores in town with arms in them, take <i>down their numbers, and give -them to me</i>. I said, I will see to it, and then we parted.</p> - -<p class='c005'>About the 1st of June, I saw in the public papers a statement that -the white people were going to build missionary houses for the blacks, -which I carried and showed to Peter, and said, see the good they are -going to do for us; when, he said,—What of that?—Have you not -heard, that on the 4th of July, the whites are going to create a false -alarm of fire, and every <i>black</i> that comes out will be <i>killed</i>, in order -<i>to thin them</i>? Do you think they would be so barbarous? (said I) -Yes! (said he) I do!—I fear <i>they have a knowledge of an army -from San Domingo</i>, and they would be <i>right to do it; to prevent us -joining that army, if it should march towards this land</i>! I was then -very much alarmed. We then parted, and I saw no more of him till -the guards were very strict, (about a fortnight ago.) At that time I -saw Peter and Ned Bennett standing and talking together, at the corner -of Lambol and Legare-streets. They crossed over and met me -by Mrs. Myles’, and Ned Bennett said to me—did you hear what -those boys were taken up for the other day? I replied, No! but -some say it was for stealing. Ned asked me if I was sure I had never -said any thing to the whites about what Peter Poyas had spoken to -me about? I replied, No! Says Peter—You never did? No! I -answered. Says Ned, to me—How do you stand? At which I -struck the tree box with my knuckles and said, as firm as this box—I’ll -never say one word against you. Ned then smiled and nodded -his head, and said—That will do!—when we all separated. Last -Tuesday or Wednesday week, Peter said to me—You see, my lad, -how the white people have got to windward of us? You won’t, said -I, be able to do any thing. O, yes! (he said) we will! By George -we are oblige to! He said, all down this way ought to meet and -have a collection to purchase powder. What, said I, is the use of -powder—the whites can fire three times to our once. He said, but -<i>’twill be such a dead time of the night, they won’t know what is the -matter, and our horse companies will go about the streets and prevent -the whites from assembling</i>. I asked him—where will you get -<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>horses? Why, said he, there are many butcher boys with horses; -and there are the livery stables, where we have several candidates; -and the waiting men, belonging to the white people of the horse -companies, will be told to take away their master’s horses. He -asked me if my master was not a horseman? I said, Yes! Has -he not got arms in his house? I answered, Yes! Can’t they be got -at? I said, Yes! Then (said he) it is good to have them. I asked -what was the plan? Why, said he, after we have taken the Arsenals -and Guard Houses, then we will set the town on fire, in different -places, and as the whites come out we will slay them. If we were to -set fire to the town first the man in the steeple would give the alarm too -soon.—I am the Captain, said he, to take the lower Guard-House and -Arsenal. But, I replied, when you are coming up, the Centinel will -give the alarm. He said, he would advance a little distance ahead, -and if he could only get a <i>grip at his throat, he was a gone man</i>, for -his sword was very sharp; he had sharpened it, and had made it so -sharp, it had cut his finger, which he showed me. As to the Arsenal -on the Neck, he said, that it was gone as sure as fate, <i>Ned Bennett, -would manage that with the people from the country, and the people -between Hibbens’ Ferry and Santee would land and take the Upper -Guard-House</i>. I then said, then this thing seems true. My man, -said he, God has a hand in it, <i>we have been meeting for four years, -and are not yet betrayed</i>. I told him, I was afraid, after all, of the -white people from the back country and Virginia, &c. He said that -the blacks would collect so numerous from the country, we need not -fear the whites from the other parts, for when we have once got the -city we can keep them all out. He asked, if I had told my boys. -I said no. Then said he, you should do it, for Ned Bennett has his -people pretty well ranged. But, said he, take care and don’t mention -it to those waiting men who receive <i>presents of old coats, &c. from -their masters, or they’ll betray us</i>. I will speak to them. We -then parted, and I have not since conversed with him. He said the -rising was to take place last Sunday night, (16th June)—That <i>any of -the coloured people who said a word about this matter would be killed -by the others. The little man, who can’t be killed, shot or taken</i> is -named Jack, a Gullah Negro. Peter said there was a French Company -in town of three hundred men fully armed—that he was to see -Monday Gell, about expediting the rising. I know that Mingo went -often to Mr. Paul’s to see Edwin, but don’t know if he spoke with -William. Peter said he had a sword, and I ought to get one. He -said he had got a letter from the country; I think from St. Thomas’, -from a negro man who belonged to the captain of a militia company, -who said he could easily get the key of the house where the company’s -arms were put after muster, and take them all out, and help in that -way. This business originates altogether with the <i>African Congregation</i>, -in which Peter is a leader. When Bennett’s Ned asked about -those taken up, he alluded particularly to Mr. Paul’s William, and -asked me if I said any thing to him about it.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span> - <h4 class='c017'><i>The voluntary confession of <span class='sc'>Rolla</span>, to the Court, made after his trial, but before sentence was passed on him.</i></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c014'>I know Denmark Vesey, on one occasion, he asked me what news? -I told him, none. He replied, we are free, but the white people here -won’t let us be so; and the only way is, to raise up and fight the -whites. I went to his house one night, to learn where the meetings -were held. I never conversed on this subject with Batteau or Ned.—Vesey -told me, he was the leader in this plot. I never conversed either -with Peter or Mingo. Vesey induced me to join. When I went -to Vesey’s house, there was a meeting there, the room was full of people, -but none of them white. That night, at Vesey’s, we determined -to have arms made, and each man to put in twelve and a half cents -towards that purpose. Though Vesey’s room was full, I did not -know one individual there. At this meeting, Vesey said, we were to -take the Guard-House and Magazines, to get arms; that we ought to -rise up against the whites to get our liberties. He was the first to rise -up and speak, and he read to us from the Bible, how the <i>children of -Israel were delivered out of Egypt from bondage</i>; he said, that -the rising would take place last Sunday night week, (the 16th June) -and that Peter Poyas was one.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(C.)</h3> -<h4 class='c017'><i>Examination of <span class='sc'>Sally</span>, a negro woman belonging to Mr. Alexander Howard.</i></h4> - -<p class='c014'>I know Jesse, and heard him speak several times about it; one -day in particular, he was anxious to see his brother, who has my mother -for his wife, and waited until he came, when they conversed together. -Jesse said, he had got a horse to go into the country, to bring -down men to fight the white people; that he was allowed to pass by -two parties of the patrol on the road, but that a third party had -brought him back, and that, if there were but five men like him, they -would destroy the city. This was on last Sunday week, (the 16th -June,) he said, that before 3 o’clock, that night, all the white people -would be killed. That, if any person informed, or would not join in -the fight, such person would be killed or poisoned. He frequently -came into the yard to see his brother, and I threatened to inform, if he -came there, and spoke in that way, to get us all into trouble. We -never had any quarrel.</p> - -<h4 class='c017'><i>Examination of <span class='sc'>Lot</span>, a negro man belonging to Mr. Forrester</i>.</h4> - -<p class='c014'>I know Jesse; he met me last Sunday week (16th June) at the -corner of Boundary street, as I was coming into town; he said, he -was going to get a horse to go into the country. From what my master -had told me the Thursday before, I distrusted his errand, and gave -him a caution. When, as I was going down into town towards Mr. -Hibbens’ ferry slip, and conversing with him, he said, you shall see to -night, when I come down, what I am going up for, and, <i>if my own -father does not assist, I will cut off his head</i>. He said, he was going -as far as Goose Creek bridge, and would get a horse if it cost him nine -dollars. The church bells were then ringing, and at half past eleven -o’clock, same day, I saw him at Mr. Howard’s, and afterwards understood -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>from Sally, that he had set off for the country, and had been -brought back by the Patrol.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(D.)</h3> - -<h4 class='c017'><i>Examination of <span class='sc'>Frank</span>, a negro man belonging to Mrs. Ferguson</i>.</h4> - -<p class='c014'>I know Denmark Vesey, and have been to his house; I have heard -him say, that the negroe’s situation was so bad, he did not know how -they could endure it; and was astonished they did not rise and fight -for themselves, and he advised me to join, and rise. He said, he was -going about to see different people, and mentioned the names of Ned, -Bennett and Peter Poyas, as concerned with him; that he had spoken -to Ned and Peter on this subject, and that they were to go about and tell -the blacks, that they were free, and must rise and fight for themselves: -that they would take the Magazines and Guard Houses, and the City, -and be free; that he was going to send into the country to inform the -people there, too; he said, he wanted me to join them. I said, I could -not answer. He said, if I would not go into the country for him, he -could get others; he said, himself, Ned Bennett, Peter Poyas and -Monday Gell, were the principal men, and himself the head man.—He -said, they were the principal men to go about and inform the people, -and fix them, &c.; that one party would land on <i>South Bay</i>, one -about Wappoo and about the Farms; that the party which was to -land on South Bay, was to take the <i>Guard-House, and get arms, and -then they would be able to go on</i>; that the attack was to commence -about 12 o’clock at night; that great numbers would come from all -about, and it must succeed, as so many were engaged in it; that they -would kill all the whites; that they would leave their masters’ houses, -and assemble near the Lines, march down and meet the party which -would land on South Bay; that he was going to send a man into the -country on a horse, to bring down the country people, and that he -would pay for the horse. He gave two dollars to Jesse, to get the -horse on Saturday week last, (15th June) about 1 o’clock in the day, -and myself and witness (No. 8,) also put in 25 cents a piece, and he -told Jesse, if he could not go, he must send some one else. I have seen -Ned Bennett at Vesey’s. I one night met at Vesey’s a great number -of men, and as they came in, they each handed him some money.—Vesey -said, there was a <i>little man, named Jack</i>, who could not be -killed, and who would furnish them with arms; he had a charm, and -would lead them; that Charles Drayton had promised to be engaged -with them. Vesey said, the negroes were living such an abominable -life, they ought to rise. I said, I was living well. He said, though I -was, others was not, and that it was such fools as I, that were in their -way, and would not help them, and that, after all things were well, he -would mark me. He said, he did not go with <i>Creighton to Africa, -because he had not a will, he wanted to stay and see what he could -do for his fellow creatures</i>. I met Ned, Monday, and others, at Denmark -Vesey’s, where they were talking about this business.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The first time I spoke with Monday Gell, it was one night at Denmark -Vesey’s house, where I heard Vesey tell Monday, that he must -send some one into the country to bring the people down. Monday -said, he had sent up Jack, and told him to tell the people to come -<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>down and join in the fight against the whites; and also to ascertain -and inform him how many people he could get. A few days after, I -met Vesey, Monday and Jack in the streets, under Mr. Duncan’s -trees, at night, where Jack stated, he had been into the country, round -by Goose Creek and Dorchester; that he had spoken to 6,600 persons, -who had agreed to join. Monday said to Vesey, that it Jack -had so many men, they had better wait no longer, but begin the business -at once, and others would join. The first time I saw Monday at -Vesey’s, he was going away early, when Vesey asked him to stay, to -which Monday replied, he expected that night a meeting at his house, -to fix upon and mature the plan, &c. and that he could stay no longer. -I afterwards conversed with Monday in his shop, when he asked me, -if I had heard that Bennett’s and Poyas’ people were taken up, that -it was a great pity. He said, he had joined in the business. I told -him to take care he was not taken up. Whenever I talked with Vesey, -he always spoke of Monday Gell as being his principal and active -man in this business.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(E.)</h3> - -<h4 class='c017'><i>Examination of Witness No. 10, a Negro Man.</i></h4> - -<p class='c014'>Peter Poyas was the first man who spoke to me, and asked me to -join. I asked him what, the church? He said no, have you not heard, -that the blacks were joining, to try and take the country. I asked -him, if he thought he had men enough to do it? He said yes, a plenty -of men, and the Society will contribute money, with which a white -man would purchase guns and powder for them. He said he would -call back, and I must consider if I would join them. He called back, -and asked me, if I was willing now? Why Peter, said I, you have not -got force enough. He said, if I did not join, he would turn all my -country people against me. Said I, if so, I’ll join you, but you must -not put my name down, when you come out, if I find you strong -enough, I’ll join you. Well, said he, if you don’t join you’ll be killed. -Peter and Harry Haig called on me afterwards, I was not at -home; but the next morning I met Harry, who asked me for my -name. I refused it. He said, I would be killed if I did not join. I -said, I would join when they came out, if they were stronger than the -whites. Harry called on me again, and asked me, if I was willing -that the thing would break out soon. I asked him, where they would -begin? He said, in Boundary street. At what hour? He said, at 12 -o’clock at night, or early in the morning, as soon as the guard is discharged. -Jack Pritchard called on me, he is sometimes called Gullah -Jack, sometimes Couter Jack, he gave me some dry food, consisting -of parched corn and ground nuts, and said, eat that, and nothing else, -on the morning when it breaks out, and when you join us as we pass, -put into your mouth this crab claw, and you can’t be wounded, and, -said he, I give the same to the rest of my troops—if you drop the large -crab claw out of your mouth, then put in the small one. Said I, when -do you break out, and have you arms. He said, plenty, but they are -over Boundary street, we can’t get at them now, but as soon as the patrol -was slack, they could get them; this was previous to the 16th -June, on which day, he said, they were to break out. On that day he -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>came to me, and said, they could not break out that night, as the patrol -was too strong; he said, he would let me know when they were -ready. That Sunday fortnight, the 30th June, he came to me and -said, I must lay by still, they would not break out then, that he had -been round to all his company and found them cowards. I said, thank -God, then! He said, give me back my corn and cullah, (that is crab -claw). I said, I would not, and upbraided him for having deluded so -many. He said, all his country born promised him to join, because -he was a Doctor, (that is a Conjurer). He said, the white people was -looking for him, and he was afraid of being taken, that two men came -to his master’s wharf, and asked him, if he knew Gullah Jack, and -that he told them, no. He said, his charms would not protect him from -the treachery of his own colour. He went away, and I have not seen -him since. Harry Haig has since seen me several times, and told me -to hold myself ready. I said, I’m ready when called on. He said, -all the draymen came to his master’s cooper yard, and said they were -ready, but he told them, he was only waiting for Gullah Jack. He -said, he would tell me when they were ready, that they were only -waiting for the head man, who was a white man; but he, although -asked, would neither tell me the white man’s name, nor where the -powder and arms were; this was last Tuesday, the very day the six -negroes were hanged, about six o’clock, A. M. this was the last time -we spoke, though I have seen him since. I saw Charles Drayton before -the 16th, at Monday Gell’s, I was going to market, and Charles -called to me as I crossed the street; Joe, who has a wife at Mr. Remoussin’s, -asked me, if I did know that Monday was at the head of -the Ebo Company, who are going to fight the white people; Monday -is an Ebo. I asked Joe, if he was one of that company. He said -yes, he was. I asked him, what he could do, as he was an invalid.—He -said, he would take Remoussin’s sword and gun, and tell him to -lay down in his bed and be quiet. We parted. Previous to the 16th -of June, Monday Gell called me into his shop; I went in, and said -to him, I heard he was captain of his countrymen’s company, the -Ebo’s. He said, he was a sort of a one. I bid him good morning, -when he said, when you want to hear the news, come here. I never -saw him afterwards.</p> - -<p class='c005'>I met Charles Drayton on the 1st of July in the streets, when he -said, now get ready, we must break out at once, for we will not let -six lives be taken. I asked him, where they would begin? He said, -in Boundary street, directly as the patrol and light horse turned in. -I said, had you not better wait till after the 4th of July. He said, no, -because in the mean time the people would be hanged. Charles said, -they had force enough, and we parted. I met him in Market, betwixt -8 and 9 o’clock, on the 2d of July, and said to him, now the -people are hanged, I suppose you are sorry you joined in the business. -He said yes, and we parted. Peter Poyas told me also, that -they had force enough, that some would come from James’ and John’s -islands, and some from Christ’s Church Parish, where he generally -went over to a meeting to have a talk, and that he had some about and -in town, the number of which he would show me from the Society -books, if I would only come to the Society. He said, they were -<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>to fight the whites, and keep on fighting, till the English came to help -them. Harry told me the same thing. Jack being the head man, I -asked him about the plan, he told me the same thing; that the English -were to come here to help them, that the Americans could do -nothing against the English, and that the English would carry them -off to St. Domingo. Monday and Charles were very great together. -John, Mr. Horry’s coachman, came to me one day, and asked me -what I thought? Every one is ready, said John, to fight the whites, -are you ready? He said, I am ready. This took place sometime before -the 16th June, and every day he asked me the same questions.—About -this time George Vanderhorst came to me and said, they were -going to take the country, and he had joined; that he was ready -whenever the blacks broke out. He requested me to let him sleep at -my wife’s house near Boundary street; I saw him almost every day -after the 16th June, and he always said, he was ready whenever the -troops were ready. On the 16th June, Jack requested me to let -twelve men sleep at my wife’s, as they were to break out that night, -and he wanted them to be near Boundary street. On being refused, -he departed in anger, and reproached me. George called on me yesterday -morning, and asked, if I knew that Charles Drayton was taken -up, and said, he was afraid Charles would name him, not because he -was on his list, for he had joined Jack’s company, but because Charles -had met him at Gullah Jack’s, when they were consulting on the subject; -that, if he could near that Charles had named him, he would -run off. On Monday, 1st July, Charles Drayton told me, that there -would be an insurrection on the morning of the 6th July, as soon as -the Guard turned in; he said, he commanded the country born company. -Jack told me on the 1st July the same thing, and in addition, -that they were to rush in with their dirks, guns and swords, &c. they -had got, kill the City Guard, and take all the arms in the arsenals; -he also said, there were some arms in King street, beyond Boundary -street, in possession of a white man, which they intended to -take, (alluding to the arms of the Charleston Neck Company, deposited -at Wharton’s, in King street). Charles Drayton said, he -had prepared for himself a gun and a sword. John Horry came to me -very often, and once said, he had a sword, and that, as soon as it -broke out, he would go up stairs and kill his master and family. On -the 17th of June, on his carriage box, he expressed himself to me in -the same manner he had done previous to the 16th. The blacks -would have risen on the night of the 16th, had the Guards not been so -strong; this I know from Gullah Jack and Harry Haig, who said, that -if the Guards were not too strong, they would get the arms near the -Lines, but if the Guards were out, they could not get them to break -out with.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(F.)</h3> - -<h4 class='c017'><i>Confession of</i> <span class='sc'>Harry Haig</span>.</h4> - -<p class='c014'>Julius Forrest, and myself, always worked together. Gullah Jack -calls himself a negro doctor, he induced Julius and myself to join at -last, but at first we refused; before the 16th June, Jack appointed to -meet us at Bulkley’s Farm; when we got there, Jack was not there, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>but Peter Poyas came; we broke up at day-light. Not quite a month -before the 16th June, Jack met me, and talked about war. I asked -Jack, how he would do for arms? Bye and bye, said Jack, we will -have arms; he said, he would have some arms made at the blacksmiths. -Jack was going to give * * * * * -* * * * * * * * * -* * * * * * * * * * * * * * Until Jack -was taken up and condemned to death, I was just like I was bound -up, and had not the power to speak one word about it. Jack charmed -Julius and myself at last, and we then consented to join. Tom -Russell, the blacksmith and Jack are partners, (in conjuring) Jack -learnt him to be a doctor. Tom talked to Jack about the fighting, -and agreed to join, and those two brought Julius and myself to agree -to it. Jack said, Tom was his second, and “when you don’t see me, -and see Tom, you see one.” Jack said, Tom was making arms for -the black people; Jack said, he would not be killed, nor could a white -man take him.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(H.)</h3> - -<h4 class='c017'><i>Confession of <span class='sc'>Jesse</span>, the slave of Thomas Blackwood, Esqr.; furnished to the Court by the Rev. Dr. <span class='sc'>D. Hall</span>.</i></h4> - -<p class='c014'>I was invited to Denmark Vesey’s house, and when I went, I found -several men met together, among whom was Ned Bennett, Peter Poyas, -and others, whom I did not know. Denmark opened the meeting -by saying, he had an important secret to communicate to us, which -we must not disclose to any one, and if we did, we should be put to -instant death. He said, we were deprived of our rights and privileges -by the white people, and that our church was shut up, so that we -could not use it, and that it was high time for us to seek for our rights, -and that we were fully able to conquer the whites, if we were only unanimous -and courageous, as the St. Domingo people were. He then -proceeded to explain his plan, by saying, that they intended to make -the attack by setting the governor’s mills on fire, and also some houses -near the water, and as soon as the bells began to ring for fire, that they -should kill every man, as he came out of his door, and that the servants -in the yards should do it, and that it should be done with axes -and clubs, and afterwards they should murder the women and children, -for he said, God had so commanded it in the Scriptures. At another -meeting at Denmark’s, Ned Bennett and Peter Poyas, and several -others were present in conversation, some said, they thought it was -cruel to kill the ministers, and the women and children, but Denmark -Vesey said, he thought it was for our safety, not to spare one white -skin alive, for this was the plan they pursued in St. Domingo. He -then said to me, Jesse, I want you to go into the country, to enlist as -many of the country negroes as possible, to be in readiness to come -down to assist us. I told him, I had no horse, and no money to hire -one; he then took out two dollars, and gave them to me to hire a -horse, and told me to enlist as many as possible. I got the horse the -next Sabbath, and started, but the guard was so strict, I could not pass -<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>them without being taken up; so I returned, and told Denmark, at -which he expressed his sorrow, and said, the business was urgent, for -they wanted the country people to be armed, that they might attack -the Forts at the same time, and also to take every ship and vessel in -the harbor, and to put every man to death, except the captains. For, -said he, it will not be safe to stay in Charleston, for as soon as they had -got all the money out of the banks, and the goods out of the stores on -board, they intended to sail for St. Domingo; for he had a promise, -that they would receive and protect them. This Jesse asserted to me, -was the truth, whilst the tears were running down his cheeks, -and he appeared truly penitent; and I have reason to hope, -that he obtained pardon from God, through the merits of Christ, and -was prepared to meet his fate with confidence, and that he was accepted -of God. At 4 o’clock on the morning of the execution, I visited -all the prisoners condemned, and found Jesse at prayers. He -told me, his mind was placid and calm; he then assured me, that -what he had told me was the truth, and <i>that he was prepared to meet -his God</i>.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(K.)</h3> - -<h4 class='c017'><i>Confession of <span class='sc'>Monday Gell</span>.</i></h4> - -<p class='c014'>I come out as a man who knows he is about to die—some time after Christmas -Vesey passed my door, he called in and said to me, that he was trying to gather -the blacks to try and see if any thing could be done to overcome the whites; -he asked me to join; I asked him his plan and his numbers; he said he had -Peter Poyas, Ned Bennett, and Jack Purcell; he asked me to join; I said no; -he left me and I saw him not for some time. About four or five weeks ago as -I went up Wentworth street, Frank Ferguson met me, and said he had four -plantation’s of people who he was to go for on Saturday, 15th June. How, said -I, will you bring them down; he said through the woods; he asked me if I was -going towards Vesey’s to ask Vesey to be at home that evening, and he would -be there to tell him his success. I asked Jack Purcell to carry this message, he -said he would; that same evening at my house I met Vesey’s mulatto boy, he -told me Vesey wished to see me, I went with him; when I went into Vesey’s I -met Ned Bennett, Peter Poyas, and Frank Ferguson, and Adam, and Gullah -Jack; they were consulting about the plan; Frank told Vesey on Saturday, -15th, he would go and bring down the people and lodge them near town in -the woods; the plan was to arm themselves by breaking open the stores with -arms. I then told Vesey I would join them, after sometime I told them I had -some business of my own and asked them to excuse me, I went away, and only -then was I ever there. One evening, Perault Strohecker, and Bacchus Hammett -brought to my shop a keg, and asked me to let it stay there till they sent for it; -I said yes, but did not know the contents; the next evening Gullah Jack came -and took away the keg, this was before the 16th June; since I have been in -prison I learnt that the keg contained powder.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Pharo Thompson is concerned, and he told me, a day or two after Ned and -Peter were taken up, if he could get a fifty dollar bill, he would run away; about -two Sundays before I was brought here, he asked me, in Archdale-Street, when -shall we be like those white people in the church; I said when it pleased God; -Sunday before I was taken up, he met me as I came out of Archdale Church, -and took me into a stable in said street, and told me he told his master, who had -asked him, that he had nothing to do in this affair; which was a lie. William -Colcock came to my shop once and said a brother told him that five hundred -men were making up for the same purpose. Frank said he was to send to HellHole -Swamp to get men.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Perault Strohecker is engaged; he used to go of a Sunday on horse back up -the road to a man he knows on the same errand. One Sunday he asked me to -go with him; I went and Smart Anderson; we went to a small house a little -<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>way from the road after you turn into the ship yard road, on its left hand; they -too went into the stable with an old man that lived there, I remained in the -yard; they remained in the stable about half an hour; as soon as they came out, -I and Perault started to town to go to church, and left Smart there; I was -told by Denbow Martin, who has a wife in Mr. Smith’s house, that Stephen -Smith belonged to some of the gangs.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Saby Gaillard is concerned; he met me on the Bay, before the 16th of June and -gave me a piece of paper from his pocket; this paper was about the battle that -Boyer had in St. Domingo; in a day or two he called on me and asked if I had -read it, and said if he had as many men he would do the same too, as he could -whip ten white men himself; he frequently came to me to speak about this matter, -and at last I had to insult him out of the shop; he and Paris Ball was often -together. A week before I was taken up, Paris told me that my name was -called.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Billy Palmer and Vesey were constantly together; there was once in my shop -a long talk between them about this same matter; I begged them to stop it; -Vesey told him to try to get as many as he could; he said he would.</p> - -<p class='c005'>John Vincent told me that Edward Johnson, a free man, had said, as he was -a free man he would have nothing to do with slaves, but the night they began -he would join them.</p> - -<p class='c005'>I told Charles Drayton what uproar there was about this business, and since -we have been here we have talked together.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Albert Inglis came to me and asked if I knew any thing about it; I said yes. -He asked me if I had joined; I said yes; he said he was one also; he said -Adam, a free man wanted to see me, I went with him one night; Adam asked -me how many men had joined; I told him what Frank Ferguson had said; he -asked me if I believed it; I said yes; he said if he could only find men behind -him he would go before. Previous to the 16th, Albert said to me quit the -business; I told him I was too far into it, so I must stick to it.</p> - -<p class='c005'>I never wrote to St. Domingo<a id='r16' /><a href='#f16' class='c008'><sup>[16]</sup></a> or any where else on this subject, nor kept a -list or books, nor saw any such things, but heard that Paul’s William had a list, -nor did I hear any thing about arms being in possession of the blacks. I don’t -know that Tom Russel made pikes, nor that Gullah Jack had any of them.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Lewis Remoussin called at my shop and asked me to call at his house, he -had something to tell me, but I did not go; Jack Glen told me he was -engaged.</p> - -<p class='c005'>I met Scipio Sims one Sunday, coming from the country, who said he -had been near the Savannah’s to Mr. Middleton’s place; I heard afterwards -that his errand was on this business.</p> - -<p class='c005'>I know John the cooper, who said he was engaged too in this business.</p> - -<p class='c005'>William Garner said he was engaged in it and had got twelve or thirteen -draymen to join.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Sandy Vesey told me he belonged to it too.</p> - -<p class='c005'>At Vesey’s house, Frank told Gullah Jack, to put one ball and three buck -shot in each cartridge.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Mingo Harth acknowledged to me that he had joined, and Peter Poyas told -me so too; he, Mingo, told me so several times; Mingo said he was to have his -master’s horse on the night of the 16th.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Lot Forrester told me frequently that he was one of the company, and I -know that he had joined in the business myself. Isaac Harth told me once -that he had joined, he knew I was in the business.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Morris Brown knew nothing of it, and we agreed not to let him, Harry -Drayton, or Charles Corr, know anything about it. —— —— told me in my -store that he was to get some powder from his master and give it to Peter -Poyas; he seemed to have been a long time engaged in it, and to know a -great deal. Joe Jore acknowledged to me once or twice that he had joined, -he said he knew some of the Frenchmen concerned; he knew I was in it.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span> - <h3 class='c006'>(L.)</h3> -</div> - -<h4 class='c017'><i>The Confession of <span class='sc'>Jack Purcell</span>.</i></h4> - -<p class='c014'>If it had not been for the cunning of that old villain Vesey, I should not -now be in my present situation. He employed every stratagem to induce me -to join him. He was in the habit of reading to me all the passages in the -newspapers that related to St. Domingo, and apparently every pamphlet he could -lay his hands on, that had any connection with slavery. He one day brought -me a speech which he told me had been delivered in Congress by a <i>Mr. King</i> -on the subject of slavery; he told me this Mr. King was the black man’s friend, -that he Mr. King had declared he would continue to speak, write and publish -pamphlets against slavery the longest day he lived, until the Southern States -consented to emancipate their slaves, for that slavery was a great disgrace -to the country.</p> - -<h3 class='c006'>(M.)</h3> - -<h4 class='c017'>CONFESSION OF JOHN ENSLOW.</h4> - -<p class='c014'>Monday Gell led me in it and took me to Vesey’s; there was a large meeting; -Vesey told the meeting the people was to rise up and fight the white people -for their liberty; we always went to Monday’s house afterwards; Monday did -all the writing; I heard they were trying all round the country to Georgetown, -Santee, and round to Combahee, &c. about to get people; Peter was -also there, he was one; Peter named Poyas’ plantation, where he went to -meet; Bellisle Yates I have seen at the meetings, and Adam Yates, Naphur Yates, -Dean Mitchell, Cæsar Smith and George (a Stevedore.) At Vesey’s they wanted -to make a collection to make pikes for the country people, but the men had -no money! Monday Gell said Purcell was one to get horses to send men into -the country; I heard a blacksmith was to make pikes. Jack M’Neil is engaged; -I have seen them all at Monday’s; Jack said he was one and would try to get -men; the plan was to take the Arsenals and Guard Houses for arms, and not -to fire the town unless they failed; Monday was writing a letter to St. Domingo, -to go by a vessel lying at Gibb’s and Harper’s wharf; the letter was about the -sufferings of the blacks, and to know if the people of St. Domingo would help -them if they made an effort to free themselves; he was writing this letter in -March, I am not certain of the time; Perault was present when Monday wrote -the letter, and also a painter, named Prince Righton; I have seen Pompey -Haig at Monday’s, but he neither assented or dissented; Jerry Cohen was at -Vesey’s, and said to me he was one; I heard from Vesey and Monday that they -had engaged men from the country; Peter Poyas said he had sent into the -country to his brother to engage men, who would send him an answer; a -party was to attack the Guard-House and Arsenal; another the Arsenal on -the Neck; another the Naval Stores on Mey’s wharf; another to attack the -Magazine; another to meet at Lightwood’s Alley and then try to cut off the -companies from meeting at their places of rendezvous; I belong to the African -Congregation; on Saturday the 15th June, a man was to be sent into the -country to bring down the people, and Rolla was to command the country -people from Ashley River at the Bridge; Ned Bennett and John Horry to -meet at Mr. Horry’s corner, and Batteau to come down with Vesey’s party.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span> - <h3 class='c006'>(S)</h3> -</div> -<h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 1.</h4> -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and executed.</i></p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 1.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Peter</td> - <td class='brt c021'>James Poyas</td> - <td class='brt c022'>June 18</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='6'>Hanged on Tuesday the 2d July, 1822, on Blake’s lands, near Charleston.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Ned</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Gov. T. Bennett,</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Rolla</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Batteau</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Denmark Vesey</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A free black man</td> - <td class='brt c022'>22</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Jessy</td> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Thos. Blackwood</td> - <td class='bbt brt c022'>23</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>John</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Elias Horry</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 5</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='2'>Do. on the Lines near Ch.; Friday July 12.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Gullah Jack</td> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Paul Pritchard</td> - <td class='bbt brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Mingo</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. Harth</td> - <td class='brt c022'>June 21</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='22'>Hanged on the Lines near Charleston, on Friday, 26th July.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Lot</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Forrester</td> - <td class='brt c022'>27</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Joe</td> - <td class='brt c021'>P. L. Jore</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 6</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Julius</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Thos. Forrest</td> - <td class='brt c022'>8</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Tom</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Russell</td> - <td class='brt c022'>10</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Smart</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Robt. Anderson</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>John</td> - <td class='brt c021'>John Robertson</td> - <td class='brt c022'>11</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Robert</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Adam</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Polydore</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Faber</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Bacchus</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Benj. Hammet</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Dick</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. Sims</td> - <td class='brt c022'>13</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Pharaoh</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Thompson</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jemmy</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Clement</td> - <td class='brt c022'>18</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Mauidore</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mordecai Cohen</td> - <td class='brt c022'>19</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Dean</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Mitchell</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jack</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Purcell</td> - <td class='brt c022'>12</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Bellisle</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Est. of Jos. Yates</td> - <td class='brt c022'>18</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Naphur</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Adam</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jacob</td> - <td class='brt c021'>John S. Glen</td> - <td class='brt c022'>16</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Charles</td> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>John Billings</td> - <td class='bbt brt c022'>18</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jack</td> - <td class='brt c021'>N. McNeill</td> - <td class='brt c022'>22</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='4'>Do. Tues. July 30.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Cæsar</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Miss Smith</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jacob Stagg</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Jacob Lankester</td> - <td class='brt c022'>23</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Tom</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. M. Scott</td> - <td class='brt c022'>24</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>William</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Mrs. Garner</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c022'>Aug. 2</td> - <td class='bbtd c023 bbt'>Do. Friday, Aug. 9.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span> - <h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 2.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and sentenced to -death, but recommended to the mercy of the Executive, by the -Court of Magistrates and Freeholders.</i></p> - -<p class='c005'>☞ They have been respited to the 25 day of October, 1822, -with a view to the commutation of their punishment to banishment -beyond the limits of the United States.</p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 2.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Louis</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Cromwell</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 12</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='2'>Respited until the 25th of October; and now confined in the Work-House of Charleston.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Seymour</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Kunhardt</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Saby Gaillard</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A free black man</td> - <td class='brt c022'>13</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Isaac</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. Harth</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Paris</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Ball</td> - <td class='brt c022'>15</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Peter</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Cooper</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Dublin</td> - <td class='brt c021'>C. G. Morris</td> - <td class='brt c022'>18</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>George</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Bampfield</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Sandy</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Jacob Schnell</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c022'>19</td> - - </tr> -</table> - -<h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 3.</h4> - -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and sentenced to -death, but since respited by the Executive, until the 25th of Oct. -with a view to the commutation of their punishment, to banishment -beyond the limits of the United States.</i></p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 3.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>William</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Job Palmer</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 18</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='3'>Respited till Oct. 25, and now in the Work-House.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>John Vincent</td> - <td class='brt c021'>D. Cruckshanks</td> - <td class='brt c022'>23</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Billy Robinson</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>P. Robinson</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> -</table> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span> - <h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 4.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those prisoners who were found guilty and sentenced to be, -transported, beyond the limits of the United States, by their masters, -under the direction of the City Council.</i></p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 4.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>William</td> - <td class='brt c021'>John Paul</td> - <td class='brt c022'>May 31</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='2'>Confined in the W. House.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Edwin</td> - <td class='bbt brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='bbt brt c022'>June 24</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Monday</td> - <td class='brt c021'>John Gell</td> - <td class='brt c022'>27</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='3'>Do. and Sentenced to death, commuted to banishment out U. S.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Charles</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Hon. J. Drayton</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 2</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Harry</td> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>David Haig</td> - <td class='bbt brt c022'>5</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Frank</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Ferguson</td> - <td class='brt c022'>June 27</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='16'>Confined in the W. House.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>George</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Theus</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 6</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Perault</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Strohecker</td> - <td class='brt c022'>10</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Billy</td> - <td class='brt c021'>S. Bulkley</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>John</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Enslow</td> - <td class='brt c022'>13</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Scipio</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. Sims</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Agrippa</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Perry</td> - <td class='brt c022'>19</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Nero</td> - <td class='brt c021'>David Haig</td> - <td class='brt c022'>23</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Sam. Bainsill</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Bainstill</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Dembo</td> - <td class='brt c021'>J. N. Martin</td> - <td class='brt c022'>25</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Adam Bellamy</td> - <td class='brt c021'>J. H. Merritt</td> - <td class='brt c022'>Aug. 3</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jack</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. Cattell</td> - <td class='brt c022'>5</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>George</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Evans</td> - <td class='brt c022'>6</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Harry</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Butler</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>George</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Sam. Parker</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Pompey</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Richd. Lord</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c022'>5</td> - - </tr> -</table> - -<h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 5.</h4> - -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those who were found guilty and sentenced to be transported, -beyond the limits of the State of South-Carolina.</i></p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 5.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Prince Graham</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>A free black man</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c022'>July 21</td> - <td class='bbtd c023 bbt'>Sentenced to be imprisoned one month in the W. House, and then transported beyond the limits of the State.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class='c005'>☞ This man will go out of the U. States at his own request, -under the direction of the City Council.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span> - <h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 6.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those prisoners who were acquitted by the Court, their -guilt not being fully proved. The Court, however, have suggested -to their owners, the propriety of transporting them beyond -the limits of the United States.</i></p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 6.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Buonaparte</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Francis Mulligan</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 11</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='2'>Acquitted by Court, master desired to transport, and now in the work-house Charleston.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Abraham</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Dr. Poyas</td> - <td class='brt c022'>June 22</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Butcher</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Jas. L. Gibbes</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 11</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>John</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Taylor</td> - <td class='brt c022'>13</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Prince</td> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Miss Righton</td> - <td class='bbt brt c022'>19</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>Quash Harleston</td> - <td class='bbt brt c021'>A free black man</td> - <td class='bbt brt c022'>29</td> - <td class='bbt c023 bbt'>—By arrangement with Council, gone out of the U. S.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Harry Purse</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. Purse</td> - <td class='brt c022' rowspan='3'>not arrested</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='3'>Arranged with owner to be transported.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Panza</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Mitchell</td> - - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Liverpool</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Mrs. Hunt</td> - - - </tr> -</table> - -<h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 7.</h4> - -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those prisoners who were acquitted by the Court of -Magistrates and Freeholders—and discharged.</i></p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 7.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Amherst</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Lining</td> - <td class='brt c022'>June 18</td> - <td class='c023 bbt' rowspan='28'>Acquitted and Discharged.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Mungo</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Jas. Poyas</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Stephen</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Tho. R. Smith</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Matthias</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Gov. T. Bennett</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jeffrey Grant</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A free black man</td> - <td class='brt c022'>20</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Brand</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Jon. Lucas</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Richard</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c022'>17</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>John</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Rob. Hadden</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A free col’d. man</td> - <td class='brt c022'>22</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Sam. Guifford</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Pompey</td> - <td class='brt c021'>John Bryan</td> - <td class='brt c022'>28</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Adam</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Ferguson</td> - <td class='brt c022'>27</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Harry</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Harleston</td> - <td class='brt c022'> </td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Peter</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Ward</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 10</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Sandy</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Francis Curtis</td> - <td class='brt c022'>11</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Isaac</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Paul Trapier</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Charles</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Shrubrick</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Cuffy</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Charles Graves</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Pierre Louis</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mons. Chapeau</td> - <td class='brt c022'>18</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Cæsar</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Parker</td> - <td class='brt c022'>19</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>William</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Colcock</td> - <td class='brt c022'>12</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Pompey</td> - <td class='brt c021'>David Haig</td> - <td class='brt c022'>June 23</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Friday</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Rout</td> - <td class='brt c022'> </td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Philander Michau</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A free col’d. man</td> - <td class='brt c022'>Aug. 3</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Edward Johnson</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A free black man</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Stephen Walker</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Walker</td> - <td class='brt c022'>5</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>James</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Harry</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>J. Nell</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c022'>6</td> - - </tr> -</table> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span> - <h4 class='c017'>CLASS No. 8.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c018'><i>Comprises those prisoners who were discharged after their arrest -by the Committee of Vigilance, the testimony against them not -being sufficient to bring them to trial.</i></p> - -<table class='table1' summary='CLASS No. 8.'> - <tr> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Prisoners Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Owners’ Names.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt brt c019'><i>Time of Commit.</i></th> - <th class='btt bbt c020' colspan='2'><i>How Disposed of.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Hercules</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Clark</td> - <td class='brt c022'>June 20</td> - <td class='c024'>Discharged,</td> - <td class='c024'>June 28</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jim</td> - <td class='brt c021'>J. H. Ancrum</td> - <td class='brt c022'>22</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Sandy</td> - <td class='brt c021'>H. P. Holmes</td> - <td class='brt c022'>25</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>26</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Lemon</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Houston</td> - <td class='brt c022'>23</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Rob. Nesbitt</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A free man</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 3</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>July 5</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Patrick</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Datea</td> - <td class='brt c022'>4</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>6</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Thomas</td> - <td class='brt c021'>S. Magwood</td> - <td class='brt c022'>5</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>8</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Charles</td> - <td class='brt c021'>F. G. Deliesseline</td> - <td class='brt c022'>8</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>William</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Adger</td> - <td class='brt c022'>10</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Smart</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Mrs. Ward</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>27</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Mungo</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Wm. Lowndes</td> - <td class='brt c022'>11</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Thomas</td> - <td class='brt c021'>A. Lord</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>13</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Bob</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Hibben</td> - <td class='brt c022'>13</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>27</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Albert</td> - <td class='brt c021'>Thos. Ingles</td> - <td class='brt c022'>15</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>17</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Jim</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Happoldt</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>29</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>John</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Gates</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>〃</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Charles</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Hasell</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>〃</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>James</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Dowling</td> - <td class='brt c022'>17</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>〃</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Prince</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>〃</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Billy</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Fordham</td> - <td class='brt c022'>20</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Ben</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Cammer</td> - <td class='brt c022'>22</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>27</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>William</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Cromwell</td> - <td class='brt c019'>do.</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>〃</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Stephen</td> - <td class='brt c021'>— Harper</td> - <td class='brt c022'>26</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>〃</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='brt c021'>Louis</td> - <td class='brt c021'>John Gell</td> - <td class='brt c022'>July 18</td> - <td class='c020'>do.</td> - <td class='c024'>July 20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>Pompey</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c021'>John Bryan</td> - <td class='bbtd brt c022'>Aug. 5</td> - <td class='bbtd c020'>do.</td> - <td class='bbtd c024'>August 5</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h4 class='c017'>RECAPITULATION.</h4> - -<table class='table2' summary='RECAPITULATION.'> - <tr> - <td class='c025'>Number of Prisoners executed</td> - <td class='c026'>35</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c025'>Number of Prisoners respited until the 25th October, 1822, with a view to the commutation of their punishment</td> - <td class='c026'>12</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c025'>Number of Prisoners sentenced to be transported by their owners under direction of the City Council</td> - <td class='c026'>21</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c025'>Number of Prisoners sentenced to be transported beyond the limits of the State</td> - <td class='c026'>1</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c025'>Number of Prisoners acquitted, propriety of transportation suggested to their owners, and those whose masters have agreed to transport without trial</td> - <td class='c026'>9</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c025'>Number of Prisoners acquitted and discharged by the Court</td> - <td class='c026'>27</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c025'>Number of Prisoners acquitted and discharged by Committee of Vigilance</td> - <td class='c026'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c025'> </td> - <td class='c026'><hr /></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'>Whole number arrested</td> - <td class='c026'>131</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<table class='table0' summary=''> - <tr> - <td class='c011' colspan='2'><i>Respectfully submitted by</i></td> - <td class='c012'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'> </td> - <td class='c011'><span class='sc'>Fred. Wesner</span>, <span class='sc'>Tho. D. Condy</span>, <span class='sc'>Tho. Napier</span>, <span class='sc'>Samuel Burger</span>, <span class='sc'>Edward P. Simons</span>,</td> - <td class='c012'><i>Com. of Vigilance</i></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span> - <h2 class='c004'>SENTENCE.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c016'><i>9th July, 1822.</i>—<i><span class='sc'>Jack</span>, a slave, belonging to Paul Pritchard, commonly called -<span class='sc'>Gullah Jack</span>, and sometimes <span class='sc'>Couter Jack</span>, was brought up, and, sentence pronounced -by</i> L. H. KENNEDY, <i>Presiding Magistrate</i>.</p> - -<p class='c005'>JACK PRITCHARD—The Court, after deliberately considering all the circumstances -of your case, are perfectly satisfied of your guilt. In the prosecution -of your wicked designs, you were not satisfied with resorting to natural and ordinary -means, but endeavored to enlist on your behalf, all the powers of darkness, -and employed for that purpose, the most disgusting mummery and superstition. -You represented yourself as invulnerable; that you could neither be -taken nor destroyed, and that all who fought under your banners would be invincible. -While such wretched expedients are calculated to <i>inspire</i> the confidence, -or to alarm the fears of the ignorant and credulous, they excite no other -emotion in the mind of the intelligent and enlightened, but contempt and disgust. -Your boasted Charms have not preserved yourself, and of course could -not protect others. “Your Altars and your Gods have sunk together in the dust.” -The airy spectres, conjured by you, have been chased away by the superior light -of Truth, and you stand exposed, the miserable and deluded victim of offended -Justice. Your days are literally numbered. You will shortly be consigned -to the cold and silent grave, and all the Powers of Darkness cannot rescue -you from your approaching Fate! Let me then, conjure you to devote the -remnant of your miserable existence in fleeing from the “<i>wrath to come</i>.” This -can only be done by a full disclosure of the truth. The Court are willing to -afford you all the aid in their power, and to permit any Minister of the Gospel, -whom you may select to have free access to you. To him you may unburthen -your guilty conscience. Neglect not the opportunity, for there is “no -device nor art beyond the tomb,” to which you must shortly be consigned.</p> - -<p class='c016'>SENTENCE <i>pronounced on <span class='sc'>Dick</span>, <span class='sc'>Bacchus</span>, <span class='sc'>William</span>, <span class='sc'>Naphur</span>, <span class='sc'>Adam</span>, -<span class='sc'>Bellisle</span>, <span class='sc'>Charles</span>, <span class='sc'>Jeremy</span> and <span class='sc'>Dean</span>, by L. H. <span class='sc'>Kennedy</span>, Esq. <span class='sc'>Presiding -Magistrate</span>.</i></p> - -<p class='c005'>The Court, on mature deliberation, have pronounced you guilty; the punishment -of that guilt is <span class='fss'>DEATH</span>. Your conduct, on the present occasion, exhibits -a degree of depravity and extravagance, rarely paralleled. Your professed -objects were to trample, not only on the laws of this state, but on those of -humanity; to commit murder, outrage and plunder, and to substitute for the -blessings we enjoy, anarchy and confusion in their most odious forms.—The -beauties of nature and of art, would have fallen victims to your relentless fury; -and even the decrepitude of age and the innocence of childhood would have -found no other refuge than the grave!</p> - -<p class='c005'>Surely, nothing but infatuation could have prompted you to enter into a plot -so wild and diabolical. A moment’s reflection would have convinced you, that -disgrace and ruin must have been its consequence, and that it would have probably -resulted in the destruction and extermination of <i>your race</i>. But if, even -complete success had crowned your efforts, what were the golden visions which -you anticipated? Such men as you, are, in general, as ignorant as you are -vicious, without any settled principles, and possessing but few of the virtues of -civilized life;—you would soon, therefore, have degenerated into a horde of -barbarians, incapable of any government. But, admitting that a different result -might have taken place, it is natural to inquire, what are the miseries of which -you complain? That we should all earn our bread by the sweat of our brow, -is the decree which God pronounced at the fall of man. It extended alike to -the master and the slave; to the cottage and the throne. Every one is more or -less subject to control; and the most exalted, as well as the humblest individual, -must bow with deference to the laws of that community, in which he is -placed by Providence. Your situation, therefore, was neither extraordinary -nor unnatural. Servitude has existed under various forms, from the Deluge to -the present time, and in no age or country has the condition of slaves been -milder or more humane, than your own. You are, with few exceptions, treated -with kindness, and enjoy every comfort compatible with your situation. You -<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>are exempt from many of the miseries, to which <i>the poor</i> are subject throughout -the world. In many countries the life of the slave is at the disposal of his -master; here you have always been under the protection of the law.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The tribunal which now imposes this sentence, through its humble organ, -affords a strong exemplification of the truth of these remarks. In the discharge -of the painful duties which have devolved on them, the members of -this Court have been as anxious to acquit the innocent as determined to condemn -the guilty.</p> - -<p class='c005'>In addition to the crime of treason, you have on the present occasion, displayed -the vilest ingratitude. It is a melancholy truth that those servants in -whom was reposed the most unlimited confidence, have been the principal -actors in this wicked scheme. Reared by the hand of kindness, and fostered by -a master who assumed many of the duties of a parent, you have realized the -fable of the Frozen Serpent, and attempted to destroy the bosom that sheltered -and protected you.</p> - -<p class='c005'>You have, moreover, committed the grossest impiety: you have perverted -the sacred words of God, and attempted to torture them into a sanction for -crimes, at the bare imagination of which, humanity shudders. Are you incapable -of the Heavenly influence of that Gospel, all whose “paths are Peace?” -It was to reconcile us to our destiny on earth, and to enable us to discharge with -fidelity all our duties, whether as master or servant, that those inspired precepts -were imparted by Heaven to fallen man. There is no condition of life which is -not embraced by them: and if you had searched them, <i>in the spirit of truth</i>, you -would have discovered instructions peculiarly applicable to yourselves—“<i>Servants</i> -(says St. Paul) <i>be obedient to them that are your masters, according to the -flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ: not with -eye-service as men pleasers, but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of God -from the heart.</i>” Had you listened with sincerity to such doctrines, you would -not have been arrested by an ignominious death.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Your days on earth are near their close and you now stand upon the confines -of eternity. While you linger on this side of the grave, permit me to exhort -you, in the name of the ever-living God, whose holy ordinances you have -violated, to devote most earnestly the remnant of your days, in penitence and -preparation for that Tribunal, whose sentence, whether pronounced in anger -or in mercy, is eternal.</p> - -<p class='c009'><i>The above Sentences is selected out of the many passed on this occasion, with a -view, to give the reader a general idea of them.</i></p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c004'>POSTSCRIPT.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>Since these sheets have been put to press, it affords him, who has -been engaged in their preparation, much gratification to be able to correct -one mistake, as it places the fidelity of the slave who first gave -the intelligence of the intended insurrection, on much higher ground. -On conferring with his master and the free man of colour, whose advice -he sought, it appears that the slave in question communicated the conversation -at the Market to his young master, before he consulted his -friend, (the free man of colour,) and that the advice of the latter was -that as “his young master was a youth, that it would be best for him -<i>immediately, without delay</i>, to tell his mistress, that his master -might receive the information the instant he came to town.” <i>Vide</i> -page <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>.</p> - -<hr class='c027' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>PRINTED AND SOLD BY A. E. MILLER, NO. 4, BROAD-STREET.</div> - <div class='c003'><i>Price 25cts. each; discount by the hundred.</i></div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class='c028' /> -<div class='footnote' id='f1'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. It would be a libel on the liberality and gratitude of this community -to suppose that this man can be <i>overlooked</i> among those who -are to be rewarded for their fidelity and principle.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f2'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r2'>2</a>. The purport of this letter will be seen by reference to the trial of -Abraham Poyas.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f3'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r3'>3</a>. Most of the black religious communities in this place, are divided -into classes, over which a Leader is placed, having the confidence -of the Pastor of the Church.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f4'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r4'>4</a>. This witness gave the information under a pledge, that his name -should not be divulged.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f5'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r5'>5</a>. The Republican Artillery under Capt. Patterson, was on duty on the night -of the 16th, and were armed with muskets, and stationed in the Arsenal Yard.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f6'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r6'>6</a>. The following Note appears on the Journals of the Court, in relation -to the trial of Rolla—“Five witnesses were introduced and -examined in behalf of Rolla, but so far from impeaching the credibility -of the witnesses against him they rather supported it.”</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f7'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r7'>7</a>. After the execution of Peter, his guilt, in the most flagrant degree -became most abundantly established; affording, in every particular, -the strongest corroboration of the testimony by which he had -been convicted. It was apparent that he was the most efficient of all -the ringleaders, and one who possessed the largest share of the confidence -of Denmark Vesey, who was, in every sense of the term, the -father of the plot. Peter was a slave of great value, and for his colour, -a first rate ship-carpenter. He had the confidence of his master in a -remarkable degree, and had been treated with indulgence, liberality -and kindness.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f8'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r8'>8</a>. As Denmark Vesey has occupied so large a place in the conspiracy, -a brief notice of him will, perhaps, be not devoid of interest. -The following anecdote will show how near he was to the chance of -being distinguished in the bloody events of San Domingo. During -the revolutionary war, Captain Vesey, now an old resident of this -city, commanded a ship that traded between St. Thomas’ and Cape -Francais (San Domingo.) He was engaged in supplying the French -of that Island with Slaves. In the year 1781, he took on board at -St. Thomas’ 390 slaves and sailed for the Cape; on the passage, he -and his officers were struck with the beauty, alertness and intelligence -of a boy about 14 years of age, whom they made a pet of, by taking -him into the cabin, changing his apparel, and calling him by way of -distinction <i>Telemaque</i>, (which appellation has since, by gradual corruption, -among the negroes, been changed to <i>Denmark</i>, or sometimes -<i>Telmak</i>.) On the arrival, however, of the ship at the Cape, Captain -Vesey, having no use for the boy, sold him among his other slaves, -and returned to St. Thomas’. On his next voyage to the Cape, he -was surprised to learn from his consignee that Telemaque would be -returned on his hands, as the planter, who had purchased him, represented -him unsound, and subject to epileptic fits. According to the -custom of trade in that place, the boy was placed in the hands of the -king’s physician, who decided that he was unsound, and Captain -Vesey was compelled to take him back, of which he had no occasion -to repent, as Denmark proved, for 20 years, a most faithful slave. -In 1800, Denmark drew a prize of $1500 in the East-Bay-Street -Lottery, with which he purchased his freedom from his master, at six -hundred dollars, much less than his real value. From that period to -the day of his apprehension he has been working as a carpenter in this -city, distinguished for great strength and activity. Among his colour -he was always looked up to with awe and respect. His temper was -impetuous and domineering in the extreme, qualifying him for the -despotic rule, of which he was ambitious. All his passions were -ungovernable and savage; and, to his numerous wives and children, he -displayed the haughty and capricious cruelty of an Eastern Bashaw. -He had nearly effected his escape, after information had been lodged -against him. For three days the town was searched for him without -success. As early as Monday, the 17th, he had concealed himself. It -was not until the night of the 22d of June, during a perfect tempest, that -he was found secreted in the house of one of his wives. It is to the -uncommon efforts and vigilance of Mr. Wesner, and Capt. Dove, of -the City Guard, (the latter of whom seized him) that public justice -received its necessary tribute, in the execution of this man. If the -party had been one moment later, he would, in all probability, have -effected his escape the next day in some outward bound vessel.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f9'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r9'>9</a>. <i>Monday Gell</i> is very well known in this city. He is a most excellent -harness-maker, and kept his shop in Meeting-Street. It -would be difficult to name any individual more actively engaged in -the plot than himself, or more able to aid Denmark Vesey, from his -uncommon sagacity and knowledge. He reads and writes with great -and equal facility, and obviously seems to have been the individual -who held the pen, at all the meetings. At which he wrote more than -<i>one</i> letter to San Domingo, for succors. His own situation afforded -no excuse for the effort in which he was engaged, as he enjoyed all -the substantial comforts of a free man; much indulged and trusted by -his master, his time and a large proportion of the profits of his labour -were at his own disposal. He even kept his master’s <i>arms</i> and sometimes -his money. Monday is an <i>Ebo</i>, and is now in the prime of -life, having been in the country 15 or 20 years.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f10'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r10'>10</a>. At the meeting of the Court on the morning of the 13th, Mr. -James Legare, from feeble health and great exhaustion during its -previous sittings, asked, and obtained leave, to withdraw, whereupon -Mr. Henry Deas, was summoned by the Magistrates, who took his -seat and served until the adjournment of the Court.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f11'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r11'>11</a>. This farm was under the charge of a slave named <i>Billy</i>, who -became a witness for the state and gave some important details of the -meetings of the <i>Gullahs</i>. Several of whom were executed on the 26th.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f12'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r12'>12</a>. This Confession of Purcell’s will show, that the evil foretold, -from the discussion of the <i>Missouri Question</i>, has been, in some -degree, realized.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f13'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r13'>13</a>. See Enslow’s Confession, Appendix (M.)</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f14'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r14'>14</a>. An appellation, the seceders assumed after their leaving the -white Methodist Church.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f15'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r15'>15</a>. Against this witness, the Court had not a tittle of testimony; he consented -without hesitation to become a witness, and to give all the information he possessed; -a pledge having been previously given him by the Court, that he should -not be prosecuted, nor his name revealed.</p> -</div> -<div class='footnote' id='f16'> -<p class='c005'><a href='#r16'>16</a>. <i>Perault unhesitatingly stated to Monday’s face, that he had written two letters, -to St. Domingo, and that he (Perault) had gone to Vanderhorsts wharf with him, in -April or May last, to give them in charge of a black cook on board of a schooner -bound to that island. After Monday was so charged, he confessed that the fact was -so, and that he had been induced to conceal it under an apprehension that if it -were known he had been guilty of such an act all chance of mercy would be denied -him.</i></p> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c003' /> -</div> -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c004'>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</h2> -</div> - <ol class='ol_1 c002'> - <li>Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - - </li> - <li>Retained anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. - - </li> - <li>Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the - last chapter. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the Late Intended -Insurrection among a Portion of, by Unknown - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ACCOUNT OF THE LATE INTENDED INSURRECTION *** - -***** This file should be named 60349-h.htm or 60349-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/3/4/60349/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, hekula03, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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