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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/5762.txt b/5762.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64d8b15 --- /dev/null +++ b/5762.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4800 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Grammar and Vocabulary of the Lau Language +by Walter G. Ivens + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: Grammar and Vocabulary of the Lau Language + +Author: Walter G. Ivens + +Release Date: May, 2004 [EBook #5762] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on August 28, 2002] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LAU LANGUAGE *** + + + + +Produced by David Starner, with help from Charles Franks +and the Distributed Online Proofreading Team. + + + + + +Transcriber's Note: Some umlauts and other fine distinctions +of Sa'a orthography have been lost. The Lau orthography is +correct as given. + + + + + + +GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY OF THE LAU LANGUAGE: SOLOMON ISLANDS + +BY + +WALTER G. IVENS, M. A., LITT. D. + +CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON +PUBLICATION NO. 300 + +PREFACE. + +Lau is the name given to the language spoken by the inhabitants of +the artificial islets which lie off the northeast coast of Big +Malaita, Solomon Islands. The language spoken on the coast from Uru +on the northeast to Langalanga, Alite Harbor, on the northwest of +Big Malaita, is practically Lau. On the west coast there is +considerable admixture of Fiu, which is the language of the bush +behind the Langalanga lagoon. In Dr. Codrington's "Melanesian +Languages," pp. 39 et seq., certain words are given as spoken at +Alite in Langalanga. These words are probably Fiu rather than Lau. + +The purest Lau is spoken at Sulufou, one of the artificial islets +near Atta Cove. The inhabitants of Ai-lali, on the mainland of Big +Malaita opposite the island Aio, are an offshoot of the Lau-speaking +peoples. In Port Adam (Malau) on Little Malaita, some 12 miles +north of Sa'a, there are two villages, Ramarama and Malede, +inhabited by Lau-speaking peoples, and the inhabitants of these +villages hold as a tradition that their forefathers migrated from +Suraina, near Atta Cove, 80 miles away, along the coast to the +north. + +The Lau of this grammar and vocabulary was learned from dealings +with the Port Adam natives and also from a stay of several weeks +with Rev. A. I. Hopkins, at Mangoniia, on the mainland opposite the +artificial islet Ferasubua. + +It is not claimed that the Lau here presented is the same as the Lau +of the northeast coast of Big Malaita. Doubtless owing to the Port +Adam peoples being surrounded by Sa'a-speaking peoples, they have +adopted Sa'a words and methods of speech to some extent. The women +of the hill peoples above Port Adam have largely been procured as +wives for the Port Adam men and thus there has been a tendency for +the distinctiveness of the Lau language to disappear and for the +Sa'a words to be adopted. While this tendency was perhaps not very +great previous to the introduction of Christianity (for the village +children always follow the language of the father rather than that +of the mother), the teachers in the village schools, after +Christianity was introduced, necessarily used the Sa'a books and, +when translations were eventually made into Lau, words and phrases +of Sa'a crept in. So far as lay in the power of the present author, +he has endeavored to eliminate these Sa'a elements from the present +work. + +In the translations made into Lau, some use has been made of the +gerundive, following the use in Sa'a; but until we have further +evidence of the validity of this usage it must be regarded as not +belonging to the genius of the Lau language, and it is therefore +omitted here. + +It will be seen that Lau is a typical Melanesian language and has +few marked peculiarities. In Sa'a there is a distinctive use of the +shortened forms of the pronouns of the first and second persons, +_au_ and _'o_, suffixed to verbs and prepositions as object; in Lau +the same shortening is not effected and the longer forms _nau_, +_oe_, are used. + +It has not been thought proper to represent any break in +pronunciation such as occurs in Sa'a in such words, e. g., as _ia_ +fish, Sa'a _i'e_. Lau shows generally the dropping of such +consonants as are dropped in Sa'a, but it is doubtful if the same +break occurs in pronunciation. + +The books already printed in Lau are: + +1. A translation of the English Prayer Book comprising matins and +evensong, litany, baptism of adults, certain psalms and hymns, +catechism, Holy Communion with Sunday collects. + +2. The four Gospels. + +The grammar here given is an alteration of the grammar prepared by +the present writer, and printed at Norfolk Island by the Mission +Press in 1914. + +W. G. Ivens. St. Paul's Vicarage, Malvern, Victoria, 1920. + +TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS. + +adj., adjective. +adv., adverb. +art., article. +def., definite. +demons., demonstrative. +excl., exclusive (of personal pronouns, excluding the person + addressed). +exclam., exclamation. +genit., genitive. +_gu_, marks a noun as taking the suffixed pronouns _gu_, _mu_, + _na_. +incl., inclusive (of personal pronouns, including the person + addressed). +interj., interjection. +interr., interrogative. +metath., metathesis. +n., noun. +_na_, marks a noun as taking the suffixed pronoun in the third + singular only. +neg., negative. +neut., neuter. +obj., object. +part., particle. +partic., participle. +pers., person, personal. +pl., plural. +poss., possessive. +pr., pronoun. +pref., prefix. +prep., preposition. +S, Sa'a language. See Sa'a and Ulawa dictionary. +sing., singular. +sub., subject. +suff., suffix, suffixed. +term., termination. +tr., transitive. +U, Ulawa language. See Sa'a and Ulawa dictionary. +v., verb. +v.i., verb intransitive, i.e., a verb which can not take the + pronoun suffixed. +v.p., verbal particle. +v.tr., verb transitive, i.e., a verb which can take the pronoun + suffixed. +voc., vocative. +M.L., Codrington's Melanesian Languages. + + + + +LAU GRAMMAR. + + +THE ALPHABET. + +The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, with the Italian sounds. All of these +vowels may be long or short, the long sound being represented by a +doubling of the vowel. Closed syllables do not occur, and every word +ends with a vowel. The vowel o in Lau frequently represents a in +Sa'a: _fou_ rock, Sa'a _hau_; _finau_ hook, Sa'a _hinou_; _loulou_ +quick, Sa'a _lauleu_. Where in Sa'a a changes to e in certain words +after a preceding i or u, no such change is made in Lau in the same +words: _ia_ fish, Sa'a _i'e_; _ua_ still, Sa'a _ue_; _i asi_ at sea, +Sa'a i _'esi_. + +The diphthongs are ae, ai, ao, eu, ei, ou, as in _sae_, _mai_, +_rao_, _dau_, _mei_, _fou_, pronounced, respectively, as in the +English words eye, iron, hour, how, hey, oh. + +The consonants are f, k, g; d, t; b; q, gw; l, r; s; m; mw; n, ng. + +The f replaces an h in Sa'a: _fera_ village, Sa'a _hera_ courtyard; +_fuli fera_ village, Sa'a _huli_ bed, _huli nume_ site of house. +The sound represented by f often approximates to v. + +Both k and g are hard. The Melanesian g is not heard; as in Sa'a, it +has been dropped in certain words, _ia_ fish, but there is no +noticeable break in the pronunciation. In certain other words this g +is replaced by k: _take_, to stand. Mota _sage_, Sa'a _ta'e_. The g +in Lau may replace a k in Sa'a: _igera_ they, Sa'a _ikire_. A g also +appears in personal pronoun plural 1, excl., where Sa'a has a break: +_igami_ we, Sa'a _i'emi_. A g may also replace an h in Sa'a: _luga_ +to loose, Sa'a _luhe_. + +There is no preface of n in the sound of d. + +In many words a t has been dropped: _angi_ to cry, Oceanic _tangi_; +_asi_ sea, Oceanic _tasi_; _ola_ canoe, Florida _tiola_, Sa'a +_'iola_. + +There is no w in Lau. Where it occurs in Sa'a its place is supplied +in Lau by q, the sound of which is kw or ku: _qalu_ eight, Sa'a +_walu_. In Lau the island Ulawa is known as Ulaqa. A q in Lau may +represent an h in Sa'a: _qai_, the reciprocal prefix, is in Sa'a +_hai_. The letter gw may represent a q (pw) in Sa'a: _gwou_ head, +Sa'a _qau_; _gwini_ wet, Sa'a _qini_; _gwou_ deserted, Mota _wou_. +The sound of d is not followed by r, as is the case in Sa'a, nor is +d before i sounded any way differently, as is the case in Sa'a. +Nasal m, i.e., mw, is not so common a sound as it is in Sa'a, but it +is heard in _mwane_ male, _mwela_ child. + +There is an interchange between n and l: _nima_ or _lima_ five; +_daluma_ middle, Sa'a _danume_; _inala_ to discern, Sa'a _ilala_. +Both l and r are used and the sounds are distinct; both sounds are +trilled. + + +ARTICLES. + +(a) Demonstrative: +Singular, _na, si; ta, te, ke; maae; fe_. +Plural, _gi; mwai, ote_. + +(b) Personal: _a, ni_. + +_Na_ denotes a, any, the, and is put to more general use than the +corresponding _nga_ in Sa'a; _na_ is used with both singular and +plural: _na noni_ the body; _na sasigamu_ your brethren. The +conjunction _ma_ (=and) coalesces with _na_; _mana Mwela_ and the +Son. _Na_ is used with the interrogative _taa_ what. + +2. _Si_ is more definite and particular in meaning than _na_ and +denotes a part, a piece, any; it is more or less equivalent to +_me'i_ in Sa'a: _si doo ne_ the thing; _gamelu ka ania si taa_ what +are we to eat? _si ere_ a firestick; _si doo gu saea na_ that which +I said; _na_ may be prefixed: _na si baea taa ne_ what words? _si_ +can not be used of the plural. + +3. _Ta_ means a certain one, every, at all, just, only, and is the +same as the numeral _ta_ one: _ta_ may precede the article _fe_; _ta +fe uo_ every hill, _ni_ may follow _ta_: _tani aiai_ some, other. +_ta_ may mean only: _ta ro ai_ only two people; _ta_ may be used +with the numerals, _ta ro mwane_ two men; _ta ro tangale penny_ 200 +pence. + +_Te_ has practically the same meanings as _ta_: _te geni sarii_ a +maiden; _te taifilia_ he alone; _te aiai falaete_ one person only. +_Te_ is used of units (as _ata_ in Sa'a), _te fiu fe doo_ only seven +things; _te ai ma te ai_ one by one; _too te ai_ singly. _Si_ may +follow both _ta_ and _te_: _ta si fou_ a certain rock, _te si na +doo_ everything; _te_ may be used as equivalent to the conjunction +and: _te na Mwela_ and the Son. + +_Ke_ is used as _te_: _ke si gula iidimani_ a small piece; _ro kesi +kurui bata_ two small pieces of money. _Ke_ and _si_ may be combined +and used with _te_: _e langi asia na teke si doo_ there is nothing +at all. + +4. _Maae_ is compounded of _maa_ eye, one, and _e_ the construct +form, and means one, a; _maae_ is used with _fera_ country, _dangi_ +day, _rodo_ night, _oru_ wind; _maae fera_ a village, _maaedangi_ a +day, _maaerodo_ darkness. + +5. _Qe_ is used with certain nouns: _qe afe_ a widow, _qe ia_ a +fish, _qe oru_ a widow; _na_ may be prefixed: _na qe ia gi_ the +fishes. + +6. _Fe_ is used of things spherical in shape and denotes a unit: _fe +bread_ a loaf, _fe bubulu_ a star; also _fe gale bola_ a young +pigeon, _fe rade_ a reed; _fe_ is used of one of a series: _fe rodo_ +a night, _fe asua_ a day; _fe_ is also used as a multiplicative: _fe +fiu ade doo taala_ seven cases of wrong-doing; _na or ta or te_ may +precede. + +7. _Gi_ denotes plurality and follows the noun: _na mwane gi_ the +males. It may be separated from the noun: _na doo nia gi_ his +things; _gi_ is used with the forms of the personal pronoun plural +except those ending in _lu_. + +8. _Mwai_ is used with nouns of relationship only: _mwai asi nia_ +his brethren, _ro mwai sasina_ brethren. + +9. In Port Adam _ote_ seems to be employed as a regular plural +article: _ote mwane gi_ you men. But it is a question whether _ote_ +is not properly employed of females only: _ote aia nia_ his female +relations, _ote sasina_ his sisters, _ote ai_ you women, _ote ai gi_ +you women. + +10. _A_ is used as a personal article with the names of males, both +native and foreign: _a Leo_, _a Joe_. It is used also with _doo_ +thing: _a doo_ so and so, _a doo na_ the person. + +_Ni_ is used as a personal article with the names of females, both +native and foreign: _ni Alida_, _ni Mary_. It is used also with +certain nouns which denote women, where in Sa'a _nga_ or the +personal article _a_ is used: _ni te nau_ my mother, _ni mwaemwane_ +a man's sister, a woman's brother, _ni aia_ female relations, _ni +doo_ the woman, _ni mwela ne_ that woman. _Ni_ is not used with +_afe_ wife, nor with _geni_ female; it is not used with the plural. + + +NOUNS. + +1. Nouns to which possessive suffixes may be added: + +Certain nouns take the suffixed pronoun denoting the possessor. +These are nouns denoting: + +a. Parts of the body: _lima_ hand, _limagu_ my hand, _aba_ arm, +_abamu_ thy arm, _maa_ eye, _maamu_ thy eye. + +b. Position, end, middle, top: _buri_ behind, _burigu_ behind me, _i +dalumana_ in the midst, _isingana_ its end, _i kamena lobo_ beside +the lake, _i fafona_ on top of it. + +c. Certain states or doings of men: life, death, speech, custom, +goings: _mae_ to die, _maela_ death, _maelana_ his death, _baela_ +speech, _baelagu_ my word. + +d. The word _sasi_ brother, _sasigu_ my brother, my sister. The +other words denoting relationship employ the personal pronoun to +denote possession. + +2. Formation of nouns: Nouns which have a special termination +showing them to be nouns substantive are (a) verbal nouns and (b) +independent nouns. + +a. Verbal nouns are formed from verbs by the terminations _a_, _fa_, +_la_, _ta_: _mae_ to die, _maea_ death or sickness, _maela_ death, +_bae_ to speak, _baea_ word, _baela_ speech, _fanga_ to eat, +_fangaa_ feast, food, _fangala_ food, _mae_ to die, _maemaefa_ +sickness, _nao_ to lead, _naofa_ first, _naofe mwela_ eldest child, +also with suffixed pronoun _naofana mwela_; _ta_ is seen in the root +_afuta_ all, which is used only with the suffixed pronoun, +_afutagera_ all of them, _afutana na ai gi_ all the people. The +termination _la_ has a more or less gerundival force. + +Compound nouns may be formed, _girigiri lifoa_ gnashing of teeth, +_saitama dooa_ wisdom. + +Where in the vocabulary _fa_ and _ta_ have a hyphen attached, it is +intended to show that they are used only with the suffixed pronoun +attached. + +There are certain adjectives to which the termination _la_ is +attached, _diena_ good, _dienala_ goodness, _baita_ big, _baitala_ +bigness, and _tasa_ in excess, _tasala_ excess. It is probable, +however, that these words are really verbs. + +b. Independent nouns: The only termination is na, and this is added +(1) to certain nouns which express relation ship or kindred; (2) to +cardinal numerals to form ordinals. 1. Nouns so formed are always +preceded by a prefix which marks reciprocity of relationship or +kindred, _mwai_, and by the numeral _ro_ two; _sasi_ brother, _ro +mwai sasina_ the two brothers, _te_ mother, _ro mwai telana_ wife +and child. + +2. Numerals: _olu_ three, _oluna_ third. + +3. Construct form: To make a construct form the letter _e_ is added +to the first of two nouns, _toloe fera_ hill, _fuli abae ai_ men's +handwork. When the first member ends in _a_ the _ae_ sometimes +contracts to _e_, _fufue ai_ seed, _aqale mwai_ ten baskets, but +_maae rodo_, a night; also when the first noun ends in _o_ the _oe_ +is contracted to _e_: _abole ai_ a log, _abolo_ a piece. This _e_ +may be added to words which have not a distinct noun termination: +_naoe gula_ the chief place. + +4. Genitive relation: The genitive relation of nouns one to another +is effected by the use of the propositions _ni_ and _i_: _ni_ is +used mainly in construction: _baea ni sugela_ deceitful words, _gwai +ni gwaila_ anointing oil; _ni_ expresses purpose: _si gula ni lea +inia_ a place for him to go to, _rosuli ni manatai gami_ hear us in +mercy. In certain words _li_ replaces _ni_: _maalimaea_ enemy, +_maalitafa_ a channel in a reef; _i_ is used also to denote purpose: +_lea i fasifa_ came to sell it. Location, which also denotes place +whence, is shown by _i_, _geni i Saa_, a Sa'a woman. _Si_ is used in +certain phrases: _ofu si doo_ bundles, _ro tooni si doo_ two +thousand. + +The genitive is frequently omitted _olu teu flour_, three measures +of flour, _mumudi fangala_ crumbs of food, _mwane Saa_, a Sa'a man, +_falisi vine_ a vineyard. + +The possessive _ana_ may be used to denote the genitive: _luma ana +foaa_ house of prayer, _tala ana fanualama_ way of peace. A genitive +relation is also shown by the use of the suffixed pronoun of the +third person singular or plural in agreement with the idea expressed +in the second noun of the pair: _i tolona fera_ on the tops of the +hills, _gwouda na ai gi_ men's heads. + +The ordinary personal pronouns are used as possessive in cases where +the pronoun can not be suffixed: _afe nau_ my wife, _arai nia_ her +husband. + +The instrumental prefix i occurs: _kamu_ to eat areca nut, _ikamu_ a +line spatula. + +5. Plural: To show plurality _gi_ is used, following the noun _na +mwane gi_ the men. The word _oro_, many, may be attached: _na mwane +oro gi_ many men, _tani ai oro_ many people. + +The personal pronoun plural third _gera_ is used to mark plurality: +_gera fiolo_ the hungry, _gera priest da adea urina_ the priests +acted thus. + +Totally and completion are shown by _sui_ finished or _sui na_: +_afutada sui_ they all, _gera lea sui na_ they have gone already. To +express totality the suffixed pronoun singular third and all persons +plural are added to a root _afuta_, formed from _afu_ to complete, +with _ta_ noun termination: _afutanafera_ all the land, _afutana +nonigu_ all my whole body. It is a question whether the numeral +_qalu_ eight is used like _walu_ in Sa'a of an indefinite number, +e.g., _qalu fera_ all lands; but _te si nafera_ seems to be the +proper usage. + +6. Gender: There is no grammatical gender. The words _mwane_ male, +_geni_ female, are added when the noun does not carry a sex +distinction. + +7. Nouns of relationship: With the exception of sasi brother, +sister, nouns of relationship are never used with a suffixed +pronoun: _maa nau_ my father. The prefix _mwai_, denoting +reciprocity of relationship, may precede: _mwai asi nau_ brethren. +In speaking of pairs of people _ro_ is used: _ro mwai sasina_ two +brothers. The _na_ of _sasina_, _telana_, etc., is a noun +termination and is not the suffixed pronoun. + +The articles _ni_ for the singular and _ote_ for the plural are used +of women: _ni aia_ a female relation, _ote geni_ women. + +The word for father is _maa_; the article _na_ may be prefixed: _na +maa nau_ my father. The Rev. A. I. Hopkins says that _maaka nau_ is +also commonly used as meaning my father. The word for child is +_mwela_, _mwela na ai_ So-and-So's son, _mwela nia_ his child; _aia_ +is used for female relations with _ni_ as singular article and _ote_ +as plural: _mwaemwane_ sister, _ni mwaemwane_ a man's sister. + +The adjective _gale_ little, is used preceding the noun to describe +something young: _ro fe gale bola_ two young pigeons. The article +used with _te_, mother, is _ni_: _ni te nau_ my mother; _ta ro mwai +telana nau_ my wife and child, _ta ro mwai fungona_ two +relations-at-law; _ai_ person, man, is used as a vocative: _mwela +ai_ hey, you there! _na ai oe_ your people, _ai ni raoa_ a servant, +_ai tou_ the little one, the lesser. + + +PRONOUNS. + +The pronouns may be classified as (A) those used as the subject of a +verb; (B) those suffixed to a verb or a preposition as object; (c) +those suffixed to nouns substantive and denoting possession. + +A. PRONOUNS USED AS THE SUBJECT OF A VERB. + +Singular: + (1) _inau, naut gu_. + (2) _ioe, oe, o_. + (3) _inia, niat nit e_. + +Plural: + Inclusive: (1) _igia, gia; igolu, golu_. + Exclusive: (1) _igami, gami, mi; igamelu, gamelu_. + (2) _igamu, gamu; igamolu, gamolu_. + (3) _igera, gera, da; idalu, dalu_. + +Dual: + Inclusive: (1) _igoro, goro_. + Exclusive: (1) _igamere, gamere_. + (2) _igamoro, gamoro_. + (3) _idarot daro_. + +1. The longer forms, those with _i_, are used as possessive pronouns +when the suffixed pronoun can not be added: _geni inau_ my wife. + +The forms with _i_ are never used by themselves as the subject, but +are accompanied by one of the shorter forms: _igera da ada ma da si +ada na_ they see but do not see. The three longer forms in the +singular are of more or less infrequent use. The initial _i_ is run +on to the preceding vowel in pronunciation. + +2. All the forms without _i_ are used alone as the subject of the +verb. Where there are three forms the second and third are generally +used together as subjects: _gami mi langi si saetamana_ we do not +know; but the short forms _gu_, _o_, _mi_, _mu_, _da_, may be used +alone as subjects: _gu si saea_ I do not know. The forms in _lu_ are +not used as a trial number, but denote a more restricted number of +persons. + +3. _Nia_ is used as meaning, there is, it is: _efita fe bread nia +agamolu_, how many loaves have you? It may be used before a proper +name as the equivalent to a genitive: _ana maaedangi nia Abiathar_ +in the days of Abiathar. When the meaning is, there is, it is, _nia_ +is preceded by _e_: _na liqa gera enia ada_ they have their holes; +_ma te ai enia i luma_ there is only one person in the house; with +_na_ demonstrative added: _nia na_ that is it, that is so. + +4. The form _ni_ is seen in _nifai_ what? where? It occurs in +certain phrases as meaning, it is, there is: _e uta ro si lio ni +agamu_ how is it ye are of two minds? _na light fuana noni ni maa_ +the light of the body it is the eye. + +5. The plural sign _gi_ is used with the forms in the plural but not +with those ending in _lu_: _gia gi fi dao na_ we have just come. + +6. The forms in the plural third _igera_ and _gera_ are used as +equivalent to a plural article: _igera na judea_ the Jews. + +7. The pronouns of the third person singular and plural may be used +of impersonal or inanimate things. + +B. PRONOUNS SUFFIXED TO VERBS OR TO PREPOSITIONS AS OBJECT. + +Singular: (1) _nau_. (2) _oe_. (3) _a_. + +Plural: + Inclusive: (1) _gia_, _golu_. + Exclusive: (1) _gami_, _gamelu_. (2) _gamu_, _gamolu_. + (3) _gera_, _da_, _dalu_. + +Dual: + Inclusive: (1) _goro_. + Exclusive: (1) _gamere_. (2) _gamoro_. (3) _daro_. + +1. Examples of usage are, _gera saegera sui_ they were all summoned, +_nia lea fonosia_ he went to get it. A second object of the verb +always appears in the suffixed pronoun singular and plural third: +_gu langi si adasia na ola_ I did not see a canoe, _gera gutafigera +na mwane gi_ they persecuted the men. All prepositions governing +nouns have the pronoun suffixed as an anticipatory object in +agreement with the noun: _gera lea fonosia fera_ they went to harm +the land, _fafia si doo_ concerning the matter. + +2. The verb _dori_ (to wish) has the pronoun suffixed where in Sa'a +none would be used: _nia langi si doria gwou ana_ he would not drink +(it) of it. + +3. To _taifili_ (alone) the pronouns are suffixed: _te taifilia_ he +alone, _taifiligera_ they alone. + +C. PRONOUNS SUFFIXED TO NOUNS OR TO VERBAL NOUNS USED AS +PREPOSITIONS. + +Singular: (1) _gu_. (2) _mu_. (3) _na_. + +Plural: + Inclusive: (1) _gia_, _golu_. + Exclusive: (1) _gami_, _gamelu_. (2) _gamu_, _gamolu_. (3) _gera_, +_da_, _dalu_. + +Dual: + Inclusive: (1) _goro_. + Exclusive: (1) _gamere_. (2) _gamoro_. (3) _dar + + +1. These are the pronouns denoting possession and they are suffixed +to a certain class of nouns only, those which denote names of parts +of the body, or of family relationship, or of things in close +relationship to the possessor. In all other cases possession is +denoted by the use of the ordinary personal pronouns. + +2. When things and not persons are in question _ni_ is used in place +of _da_ in plural third: _lea alua i fulini_ go and put them in +their places. + +3. Of the plural forms those ending in _lu_ denote a restriction in +the number of the persons concerned. + +4. These pronouns are also suffixed to the preposition _fua_ to, +used as a dative, to _afuta_ all, and to certain other words which +show a noun termination but which have no independent existence as +nouns: _otofa_ concerning, _oofa_ approaching to, enceinte, _sie_, +at the house of (in the vocabulary all such words are followed by a +hyphen); also to _mara_ of one's own accord, alone, _te taifilia +marana_ he alone; also to the verb _too_ to hit, _toogu_, _toona_, +hit me, etc. + + +DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. + +These are _na_, _ne_, this; _nena_, _nana_, _nane_, that. + +1. These all follow a noun or a pronoun: _a mwela ne_ this person, +_nia nana_ that is it. + +2. _Na_ is added after the negative _langi_: _langi na no_, not +that; and after _sui_ finished: _sui na_ that is finished. + +3. _Go_ an adverb, there, is used as a demonstrative: _tefe doo go +ana_ only one thing, _inau go agu_ I for my part; _ne_ may be added, +_gone_ that, _inia gone_ that is so. _Ba_ means that, there: _diena +ba_ good! _bago_ is used following a noun or a pronoun: _a doo bago_ +that person there. + + +INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. + +1. The words used are _ati_, who; _taa, tafa_, what. The personal +article _a_ makes _ati_ who, singular, _gerati_ plural. Both _ti_ +and _taa_ are nouns. The adverb _ba_ may be added to _ati_ for the +purpose of emphasis: _ati ba_ who? _Ti_ stands for the name of the +person and _ati_ means, what is the name? _ati mwane_ what man? The +demonstrative _ne_ may be added for emphasis: _ati ne_ who is it +then? _Ati_ has also an indefinite use: _ati susulia_ who knows? + +2. With _taa_, _tafa_, the definite article _si_ may be used: _si +taa_ what, that which, _taa_ may follow the noun, _ta si doo taa_ +what sort of thing? _si doo taa ne_ what? The adverb _fai_ (where) +may be used as an interrogative pronoun: _nifai_ which, what? + + +INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. + +The uses of _ta_, _te__, have been dealt with under "articles." +These two words are used as signifying, any, some, other. + +The noun _sai_ place, thing, has an indefinite use: _sai ai_ that +which, what, _sai na_ that which, _ta sai ai_, one, another (of +things), _sai oe_ your place, your duty, _tani oto ni sai ai_ some +people. (The Rev. A. I. Hopkins states in a note that _sai_ in Lau +is used of food only). + + +RELATIVE PRONOUNS. + +There are no relative pronouns. Their place is supplied by various +locutions. + +1. By the suffixed pronoun: _inia nane gu bae kekerofana fasi uri_ +this is he of whom I spoke. The addition of the demonstrative _ne, +nena_, serves to make the meaning clearer: _inia nena ai garni mi +maasia_ he is the person for whom we are waiting. + +2. By making use of a coordinate clause: _igami ne too gera ada +fuada na_ we are the people whom they have chosen. + + +POSSESSIVES. + +Singular: (1) _agu_. (2) _amu_. (3) _ana_. + +Plural: + Inclusive: (1) _aga_, _agolu_. + Exclusive: (1) _agami_, _agamelu_. (2) _agamu_, _agamolu_. + (3) _agera_, _ada_, _adalu_. + +Dual: + Inclusive: (1) _agoro_. + Exclusive: (1) _agamere_. (2) _agamoro_. (3) _adaro_. + +The possessive is used: + +1. Of things to eat and drink: _si fangala agu_ something for me to +eat, _o ngalia amu_ take it for your eating, _si doo ana gera priest +tafiligera_ food for the priests only. + +When the sense relates to food in general and not to a particular +meal the ordinary personal pronouns are employed as possessives: _si +doo ni gwou inau_ a drink for me. + +2. As meaning, for me, for my part, etc., belonging to, at, with: +_geni agu_ a wife for me, _nia lea ana_ he went his way, _gu ka gele +dau go agu_ if I but touch, _fuana ngalia fera nia agolu_ to get his +land for ourselves, _si mamana nia ana_ power in himself, his power, +_si doo oro agu_ I have many things, _e langi ana_ not in it, lost, +_nia soe agera_ he questioned them, _soea satana ana a doo bago_ ask +so-and-so his name, _nia ledia tasi doo agu_ he asked me about +something, _ooganga agera_ their debt. + +3. As the object of a neuter verb (i. e., a verb which does not take +a transitive suffix): _gera da qele ana_ they marvelled at him, _gu +ingo amu_ I beseech thee, _dau agu_ touch me, _bota ana_ blessed is +he. + +4. With verbs when the object is separated from the verb: _nia bubu +tete adalu_ he regarded them fixedly, _ka lugatai saufini ana_ let +him go secretly, _da bae aisile ana_ they spoke scornfully of him: +_ala meme gamu_ to bite and rend you, is a variant. + +5. To express, of, from, among: _ati mwane agamu_ what man of you? + +6. The forms ending in _lu_ denote a restriction in the number of +the people concerned. + +7. The adverb _afoa_ apart is also followed by the possessive: _afoa +ana_ apart from him. + +8. It will be seen that the one possessive in Lau does the work of +the three that are used in Sa'a. A Port Adam man asking for a wife +at Sa'a and saying _geni ana_ (as has happened at times) would be +asked whether he wanted to eat her--the Sa'a use being _keni nana_, +_'ana_ being reserved of things to eat. + + +ADJECTIVES. + +1. Words which are qualifying terms may also be used in the form of +verbs, but some may be used without verbal particles and follow the +qualified word. _Mwane baita_ a big man, _mwela tou_ a little child. + +2. Some words have a form which is used only of adjectives, either +of termination or of prefix. + +a. Adjectival terminations are: _a_, _la_. + +The termination _a_ is suffixed to substantives and verbs: _rodo_ +night, _rorodoa_ dark, darkness, cloud; _bulu_ to be black, +_bubulua_ black. + +_La_ is suffixed to substantives and verbs: _mwai_ a bag, _mwaila_ +rich, _kobu_ to be fat, _kobukobula_ fat, whole, big; _tagalo_ to be +wandering, _tagalola_ matted, thick, of forest. + +b. Adjectival prefixes are _a_, _ma_, _tata_, _m_. These are all +prefixed to verbs. + +The _a_ is prefixed to verbs to form participles: _luga_ to loose, +_aluga_ loose; _la_ to lift up, _alaa_ upwards, up. + +_Ma_ denotes condition: _lingi_ to pour, _malingi_ spilled, _ngi_ to +divide, _mangisingisi_ broken, divided, _matala_ only, merely; _tefe +mwela matala_ an only child. + +_Tata_ denotes spontaneity: _tatagwelu_ headlong. + +_M_ as a prefix appears to be used in the word _moi_ broken, (Sa'a +_'o'i_ to break, _ma'o'i_ broken). + +3. Comparison: Degrees of comparison are shown by the use of +prepositions or adverbs, or by a simple positive statement. The +prepositions used are _fasi_ from, _tasa_ beyond, in excess. The +suffixed pronoun is used with _fasi_, but the possessive is used +with _tasa_: _na boso nia baita fasia na asufe_ a pig is larger than +a rat; _gera baita tasa agera_ these are much larger than those. + +The adverbs employed are _gele_ little, somewhat, _asia_ very, too +much: _nia baita asia_ it is very (too) large. + +A positive statement carries comparison by implication: _doo ne nia +baita_ that is biggest, _sai ai ne ni diena, sai ai nena ni taa na_ +this is good, that is bad; i.e., this is better than that. + + +VERBS. + +Almost any word may be used as a verb by prefixing the verbal +particles, but some words are naturally verbs as being the names of +actions and not of things. There are also verbs which have special +forms as such by means of a prefix or termination. Verbal particles +precede the verb; they have a temporal force. + +1. The verbal particles are _ka_, _ko_. The particles are written +apart from the verb, but the speakers like to join them to the +governing pronouns of the first and second persons singular, _gu_, +_o_. + +_Ka_ is used both of present and of future time: _nia ka bae uri_ he +speaks thus, _ka urina_ if that be so, _tasi doo taa gera ka odea_ +what will they do? _lelea ka rodo_ go till nightfall; the illatives +_fi_, _fe_, may be added. + +_Ko_ is used only with the personal pronoun, second singular _o_, +and may express either present or future time: the illative may be +added. + +The preposition _fuana_ to him, to it, in order that, is used as a +subjunctive or optative. + +2. Time and Moods: A subjunctive is formed by _ana_ if, when, +followed by the particle _ka_, or by the use of _saea_. + +Conditional affirmation is expressed by _saumala_. + +The illatives are _fi_ and _fe_, and mean, then, in that case, +following upon, just now, for the first time: _ta ka fi uri_ then +said he, _gami mifi saitamana na tala uta_ and how shall we know the +way? + +_Fe_ as an illative denotes, in that case, following upon; _fe_ is +also used like _ha'i_ in Sa'a, to denote repetition or continuance +or restoration: _na abana e fe boeboela lau_ his hand was restored +whole again, _gera ka fe dao toona_ they will certainly reach him, +_daro fe lea lau_ go they went on again, _da tefe bae ana tesi +baela_ they all cried out together. + +_Na_ is used following the verb to form a preterit: _nia mae na_ he +is dead. Finality is shown by the use of _sui_: _sui na_ it is all +finished, _nia kafi dao sui na_ when he shall have arrived, _sui +nana_ it is finished, _sui ta_ thereupon, after that. + +For the imperative the simple verb is used: _o lea amu_ go away; +_fasi_ may be added for politeness: _lea fasi amu_ you go! + +3. Negative Particles: The foregoing particles are not used in +negative sentences. The negative particles are _langi_, _e langi_, +_si_. These may be combined: _nia langi si saea_ he does not know +it, _e langi mu si rongoa ma e langi mu si saea_ you have neither +heard it nor seen it, _e langi nau gu si lea_ I am not going, _e +langi uri ta ai e adasia_ no one has seen it, _e langi asia_ not at +all. The verbal particle _ka_ may be used in negative sentences with +the addition of _si_, _kasi bobola_ it is not fitting. The +dehortative and the negative imperative is _fasia_: _fasia oko lea_ +do not go! _fasia gera ka adasia_ let them not see it, _o fasia oko +luia_ do not forbid it. + +Genitives: _ni_, _i_ are used to express purpose. + +4. Suffixes to verbs: There are certain terminations which, when +added to neuter verbs or to verbs active only in a general way, make +them definitely transitive or determine their action upon some +object. These are of two forms: + +a. A consonant with _i_: _fi_, _li_, _mi_, _ni_, _ngi_, _si_, or _i_ +by itself; e.g. _tau_, _taufi_; _mae_, _maeli_: _ano_, _anomi_; +_mou_, _mouni_; _sau_, _saungi_; _ada_, _adasi_; _manatat_, +_manatai_; to the verb _taa_ to be bad, both _si_ and _li_ are added +and the causative _fa_ is prefixed: _fataasi_, _fataali_, to make +worse. Certain verbs which are active in Lau are neuter in Sa'a: +_angai_ to lift, _angaia_ lift it, Sa'a _angainia_; _faodo_ to +straighten, _faodoa_ straighten it, Sa'a _ha'aodohie_; _famae_ to +kill, _famaea_, Sa'a _ha'amaesie_; _famou_ to frighten, _famoua_, +Sa'a _ ha'ama'usie_. + +b. The termination _ai_ is suffixed by itself to nouns to convert +them into verbs, _sato_, _satoai_. When this syllable _ai_ is +suffixed to verbs the genitive _ni_ may be added, and to the form +_aini_ the consonants f, m, ng, t, are prefixed: _oli_ to return, +_olifaini_ to carry back, _ala_ to answer, _alamaini_ to consent, +_sau_ to become, _saungaini_ to make, _tagala_ lost, _tagalangaini_ +to drive out, _foaa_ to pray, _foaataini_ to pray for. The forms in +_ai_ are also used intransitively: _tege_ to fall, _tegelai_ lost, +_oli_ to turn, _olitai_ converted. + +The genitive _ni_ (cf. M. L., p. 532) is often omitted and is not +invariably used as it is in Sa'a, since the form _ai_ without the +addition of _ni_ is transitive: _gonitai_ to receive, _gwoutai_ or +_gwoutaini_ to be left alone, _oalangai_ to apportion, _fatolamai_ +to command. + +_Ani_ appears to be used by itself as a transitive suffix: _ui_ to +throw, _uiani_ to throw away, _laga_ to drive, _lagaani_ to drive +away, _taba_ to strike, _tabaani_ to destroy; _ani_ is used also +with _too_ to hit, _tooani_ to understand. + +With either class of suffixes there is no difference in meaning +between one suffix and another. + +5. Prefixes to verbs: These are causative and reciprocal. + +The causative is _fa_: it may be prefixed to almost any word, and it +may be used with words which have a transitive suffix. The use of +_fa_ frequently obviates the use of a transitive suffix and of +itself makes verbs transitive. + +The reciprocal is _qai_: generally when _qai_ is prefixed to a verb +the action of the verb is enlarged and the subject is included. The +illative _fe_ also marks repetition or restoration or continuance; +it is followed by the adverb _lau_ again: _na abana e fe boeboela +lau_ his hand was restored whole. + +6. Passive: The passive is expressed by the use of the personal +pronoun plural third _gera_ or _da_, with the verb and the adverb +_na_ already: _gera taufia na_ it has been washed; _gera_ and _da_ +are used impersonally. The word _saetana_ it is said, _sae_ to say, +is used as a passive: _se doo saetana_ the thing said, _si baela ne +saetana uri_ the word which was said. + +7. Auxiliary verbs: _Alu_ to put, is used as meaning, to be, to +become; _talae_, v. tr. to begin, means also to become; _sau_ to +make, with the possessive _ana, sau ana_ to become. + +8. Reflexive verb: The word _mara_ with suffixed pronoun is used to +denote reflexive action: _nia saungia marana_. It also carries the +meaning self, of one's own accord: _i bobongi ka manata tetea ana +marana_ the morrow can take care of itself. + +9. Reduplication: Verbs are reduplicated in two ways: (a) by +reduplication of the first syllable: _liu_, _liliu_; _bae_, _babae_; +(b) by repetition of the whole word: _gwou_, _gwougwou_. There is +no difference between the various forms beyond an intensification in +meaning. In the vocabulary the reduplicated form is presented under +the entry of the stem. + + +ADVERBS. + +There are pure adverbs in Lau, but many words used as adverbs are +truly nouns and others are verbs; adjectives may also occur in this +employment. + +1. Adverbs of place: _mai_ here, hither; go there, thither, _ne_ may +be added, gone, also _langi_ go, no. _Lo_ there, is compounded with +_go_ and _gi_, _logo_ north, west; _se_ here, a noun, _i se_, +_isena_, here, in this place, _gula_ place, a noun: _si gula na_ +this place, here, _gula i maa_ outside. _bali_ side, a noun, _bali +ne_ here, on this side; _i bali jordan i bali logo_ on the far side +of Jordan; _ifai_ where, _gamu mai ifai_ whence are you? _tau_, a +verb, far off: _alaa_ up, south, east, _ilangi_, _ifafo_, up. + +2. Adverbs of time: _kada na_ (_ne_), _manga na_, now; _si manga, +kademanga_, when, _i kademanga na_ (_ne_), at the time when; _i +angita, si manga uta_, when? _inao_ of old, in the past; _ua mai +inao_ from of old; _isingana ne_ henceforth: _alua fasi_, _taraina_, +presently; _urii_ just now; _lau, _lau go_, again; _oli_ back; _na_, +_ua na_, already; _ua_ yet, still, still left; _ua go i uarodo_ +while still dark in the early morning; _ua mai ana lua_ from the +flood, _toongi ua inao_ old clothes, _e langi ua_ not yet, still +wanting; _firi_, _tefou_, always; _too ka tau_ forever; _suli +dangifiri_ daily; _taraina_ to-day; _i rogi_ yesterday; _maaedangi i +fafo_ day before yesterday; _bobongi_ to-morrow; _taraina lao rodo_ +to-night; _talae_ first; _loulou_ quick; _aliali_ forthwith; +_maasia_, _kade manga_, while. + +3. Adverbs of manner: _alafana_ as, like, as if; _uri_, _uria_, +_sae_, _saea_, that (of quotation); _uri_, _urina_, thus; _e uta_ +how? _gele_ somewhat; _asia_ completely, too much; _saumala_ +granted that; _falaete, mamaloni_, only; _ooni_ merely; _talai_ for +no reason; _tefou_ together; _afui_ altogether (precedes verb); +_boro_, _oto_, _otomone_, _tamone_, _bota ana_, perhaps; _mone_ +gives life, _ba_ gives force, to the narrative; _ba_ also explains +and makes the diction less abrupt; _tasa_, _tasaana_, too much; +_faoroa_ often. + + +PREPOSITIONS. + +1. Simple prepositions. + +Locative, _i_. + Motion to, _fua_, _isuli_, _suli_. + Motion from, _fasi_, _ita_. + Causation, _fafi_. + Position, _fonosi_. + +Dative, _fua_. + Instrumental, _ana_, _ani_. + Relation, _ana_, _ani_, _fai_, _sai_, _usi_. + Gentive, _ni_, _i_. + +The locative _i_ is seen in _ifai_ where; it is also largely used +with adverbs of place and time and it precedes every name of place. +With the exception of the locative, the instrumental, the genitive, +and also _ana_, _ita_, _usi_, all the foregoing prepositions are +used with a suffixed pronoun; _ita_ is used with the possessive. + +_Isuli_ denotes motion after, motion over: _sulia rodo ma na asua_ +day and night, _manata suli_ to know. + +_Fafi_ means, about, concerning, because of, around, on: _gera ogu +fafia_ they crowded round him, _nia alua abana fafia_ he laid his +hand on him, _lau fafi_ to rescue, _fafi taa_ what about, why; +_fuana_ in order that, _mae fuana_ to die to his disadvantage, _soe +ledia fuana_ question him about it, _bae fuana_ forbid him, _fuana +taa_ wherefore? + +Of the two instrumental prepositions _ana_ is the one in more +general use, its meaning is with: _doo gera saungia ana_ the thing +they killed him with. _Ana_ appears to denote the actual instrument, +_ani_ the method of action; _ani_ may be translated withal. When the +noun denoting the instrument is not preceded by an article or when +the noun is used in a general sense, _ani_ is used in the place of +_ana_: _suu fafia ani taa_ to clothe himself with what? _lea ani +ola_ to go by canoe. + +The pronoun _a_ may be suffixed to _ani_; _tasi doo gera +qaifamanatai ania_ the thing they taught withal; _ka modea na toongi +ua inao ania_ to mend the old garment withal. + +_Ana_ also denotes at, in, place where, among: _luma ana foaa_ +(_luma ni foaa_) a house of prayer, _kakao ana ano_ an earthen +vessel, _nia liu ana ta maaedangi_ he went on a certain day, _tani +ai ana aigi_ some of the people, _nia saea ana satana_ he called him +by his name, _o ngalia ana ati_ from whom did you get it? _lea ana +fera_ to go into the country. _Ani_ is used as meaning in, _e langi +ani nau_ there is nothing in me, _gera ote gera ani nau_ they will +have nothing to do with me. + +_Fai_ means with: _faioe_ with thee, _qaimani fai_ to help, _oko +gaimani fainau_ you help me. The genitive _ni_ may be added, _lea +fainia_ go with him; _fainia_ moreover, and. + +_Sia_ means at, at home, and always has the suffixed pronoun. By +the ordinary Melanesian idiom place at comes to be used of motion +to: _siagamelu chez nous_, _siena ere_ beside the fire, _lea mai +siegu_ come here to me. _Usi_ means over, on behalf of, for: _gera +ngisu usia_ they spat on him, _na captain usia na too_ a captain +over the people, _na taba olisia usia na aigi_ a redemption for the +people. + +The genitives have been dealt with under nouns: _i_ is in most +general use, both are used to express purpose, and _ni_ also denotes +for, belonging to: _fasia muka manata ni bae uri_ think not to say +thus, _gera mou ni oli_ they feared to return, _ka ote nia ni +rosuli_ he is tired of obeying. + +2. Compound prepositions. + +Some of these are nouns used with the locative; the pronoun is +suffixed as the actual object or as the anticipatory object when a +noun follows: _i fafo_ above, _i fara_ beneath, _i lao_ within. The +locative need not be used with _lao_: _lao rodo_ in the night, _lao +tala_ in the path, _lao salo_ in the sky. Some are constructed from +verbal nouns to which the suffixed pronoun is always added: +_fonosia_ in front of him, _nia initoo fonosi gera_ he ruled over +them, _fonosi taa_ to meet what? for what purpose? Certain verbs are +used as prepositions: _maasi_ to await, _garangi_ to be near. + + +CONJUNCTIONS. + +Copulative, _ma_. +Adversative, _ta_, _ma ta_ +Connective, _ta_. +Disjunctive, _langi_, _langi fa_, _ma langi_, _ma ka langi_. +Conditional, _ana_, _ma ana_, _saea_. +Illative, _fi fe_. + +A mark of quotation is _saea_, _uri_. Neither, nor, is expressed by +a negative followed by _ma_. Until is _dao ana_, _lea dao ana_. + + +NUMERALS. + +The numerical system is decimal. All numbers over the tens are +expressed in tens. + +1. Cardinals. + +1. _eta_, _ta_, _te_. +2. _e rua_, _ro_. +3. _e olu_. +4. _e fai_. +5. _e lima_. +6. _e ono_. +7. _e qalu_. +8. _e fiu_. +9. _e siqa_. +10. _e tangafulu_, _aqala_. + +In numbers other than _eta_ the initial _e_ is omitted in quick +counting. In composition one is _ta_, two is _ro_, _te_ generally +means only: _rua_ is reduplicated into _ruarua_, _tau ruarua_ +equidistant. + +The prefix _too_ forms distributives: _too ro doo_ two things at a +time. _Nima_ is used as well as _lima_ for five. Though _qalu_ +eight, appears in the translations as used of an indefinite number +it is doubtful whether such use is correct. _Tangafulu_ is the tenth +of a series; _aqala_ is used for ten denoting a unit, _aqala fono_ a +full ten. + +To express units above ten _mana_ is employed: _aqala mana fai_ +fourteen. + +One hundred is _tangalau_: _tangale doo_ one hundred things. The sum +above the hundred is expressed by _mana_: _tangalau fai aqala mana +fai_ one hundred and forty-four. One thousand is _too_. + +2. Ordinals. + +The cardinals with a substantival ending _na_ form ordinals. + +First, _etana_. Fourth, _faina_. Seventh, _fiuna_. +Second, _ruana_. Fifth, _limana_. Eighth, _qaluna_. +Third, _oluna_. Sixth, _onona_. Ninth, _siqana_. + +Ordinals precede the noun: _ruana na mwane_ the second man. + +Ordinals are used to express the number of times: _eruana lau nia +lea go_ he went away the second time. + +_Ruana_ also means fellow: _na ruana gera_ their fellows. + +Tenth is expressed by _tangafulu ana_: _aqala maaedangi mana ruana_ +the twelfth day, _tangalau ro aqala mana etana_ one hundred and +twenty-first. + +_Efita_ how many, is used with the substantival termination _na_: +_efitana_ what number? + +3. Multiplicatives. + +The article _fe_ is employed to form multiplicatives: _guka fai fe +olila_ I shall return four times, _sasigu ka fita fe ode doo taala +fuagu_ how often shall my brother harm me? _tafe_ once. + +The causative _fa_ does not make multiplicatives except in the case +of _faoroa_ often. + + +EXCLAMATIONS. + +_Iu_, _iuka_, assent. _Oto mone_ is that so? _Ne_ is used in +questions, _ati ne satamu_ what is your name? _na mwela a Joseph e +langi ne_ Is He not the son of Joseph? _Aia_ sums up, so there, well +then! _Oimae_ alas! The noun _ai_, person, is added to proper names +to call attention, _Joe ai_ hey, Joe! + + + + + +LAU VOCABULARY + +A. + +_a_ 1, personal article: used with the names of males, both native +and foreign, _a Masuraa_, _a Luke_; is used also with _doo_, thing, +_a doo_ So-and-So, _a doo na_, the person; is seen also in _ati_ +who? In usage it corresponds to the _i_ of Mota and Malagasy. Cf. +S. _a_. + +_a_ 2, termination of the verbal noun: attached to verb, _angi_ to +cry, _angia_ a cry, _fanga_ to eat, _fangaa_ a feast; added to +compounds _girigiri lifoa_, gnashing of teeth. + +_a_ 3, pers. pron. sing. 3. suffixed to verbs as object, and to +prepositions as anticipatory object and used both of persons and +things: him, her, it. S. _a_. + +_a_ 4, stem to which the pronouns _gu_, _mu_, _na_, etc. are +suffixed in forming the possessive. S. _a_. + +_a_ 5, prefix of condition making participles: _luga_ to loose, +_aluga_ loosened. S. _'a_. + +_a_ 6, adj. term, suffixed to nouns and verbs _rodo_, night, +_rorodoa_, belonging to darkness, _bulu_, to be black, _bubulua_, +black. S. _a_. + +_a_ 7, exclam. negative; don't + +_aba_ (_gu_) n., hand, arm, part, leaf: _fuli abae ai_, men's +handiwork. S. _apa_. + +_abaa_ n., staff. S. _apaa_. + +_abalolo_ a banyan tree. S. _'apalolo_. + +_abasua_ adj. afraid of, silent out of respect for a person. + +_abatoo_ v, i. to be barren, of women. + +_abolo_ n., a piece: _abole ai_, a beam. S. _polo_. + +_abu_ (_gu_) n., blood: _abu rakaraka_, an issue of blood. +S._'apu_. + + _abua_ adj., red. + +_abu_ 2. v. i. to be forbidden, taboo: _abu rongo_, to be unwilling +to hear. S. _'apu_. + +_abulo_ partic., turned round: _abulo fasi_, to face towards, + + _abuloa_ v. n. a turning round. S. _apulo_. + +_abusu_ v. i. to be filled, satiated. + + _abusua_ v. n. satiety. + +_ada_ 1. v. i. to see, to awake. + + _ada filo_ to perceive; _ada fua_, to choose; _ada sae tamana_, + to recognize; _ada_ too, to succeed in finding. + + _adala_, v. n. sight, seeing. + + _adasi_, v. tr. to see. _faada_. + +_ada_ 2. poss. pl. 3, among them, for them, for their part, theirs +(of things to eat), used also as obj. to neut. verb; _tani aiai +ada_, some of them. S._'ada_. + +_Adagege_ artificial islet next to Ferasubua going north. + +_adalu_ poss. pl. 3, as _ada_, but more restricted in application. + +_adaro_ poss. dual. 3. Cf. _ada_ 2. + +_ade_ v. tr. to do, to make; of disease, to be prostrated by _si +maea e adea_, he was sick; _ade au_, to play on a bamboo flute; +_ade doo_, to worship; _ade doola_, worship. + +_adi_ v. tr. to taboo, to place one's mark upon, S. _adi_. + +_ado_, _adomi_, v. tr. to serve, to wait upon, to furnish with +food, to worship. + +_ae_ (_gu_) 1. n. foot, leg; _lado ae_, to follow; _aena_, because +of, _aena falisi_, lord of the garden; _ae i fera_, a householder; +_ae mwane_, chief man. S._'ae_. + +_ae_ 2. exclam. ah!; used also in summing up. + +_afa_ 1. v. i. to cut, to incise, to mark by cutting. S. _aha_. + +_afa_ 2. an eagle. S. _hada_. + +_afe_ 1. woman, wife; _si afe nau_, my wife. + +_afe_ 2. v. tr. to direct, to guide, S. _'ahe_. + +_afe_, _afeafe_ 3. n. foam, waves; _na afe_, surf. S. _ahe_. + +_afedali_; _matai afedali_, to be in a fever. S. _madali_, wet with +perspiration. + +_afetai_ partic., difficult; _bae afetai_, to take an oath. + +_afoa_ partic. apart, separate. S. _ahoa_. + +_afu_ v. tr. to wrap up, to hide. S. _ahu_. + +_afui_ partic. precedes verb, altogether. S. _ahu'i_ 4. + +_afuta-_ (_gu_) n. all; _afutana_, all of it; _afutagamere_, both +of us. S._ahuta_. + +_aga_ poss. pl. 1. among us, for us, for our part, ours (of things +to eat), used also as obj. with neuter verbs. S. _aka_. + +_agalimae_ a spirit, a ghost. + +_agalo_ a ghost; _qaife agalo_, a witch doctor. S._'akalo_. + +_agamelu_ poss. pl. 1. excl. for us, for our part, among us, us +(obj). + +_agamere_ poss. dual, excl. for us two, among us two, us two (obj.) + +_agamolu_ poss. pl. 2. for you, among you, you (obj.). + +_agamere_ poss. dual, excl. for us two, among us two, us two +(obj.). + +_agamolu_ poss. pl. 2. for you, among you, you (obj.). + +_agamu_ poss. pl. 2. for you, among you, for your part, you (obj.); +_ati mwane agamu_, what man among you? + +_agani_ v. tr. to pluck out. S. _akani_. + +_agau_ to be ready. S. _akau_. + +_age_; _age reresi_, a lily. _Crinum asiaticum_. + +_agera_ poss. pl. 3. for them, among them, them (obj.). + +_ago_, _agoago_, 1. v. i. to be hot, to shrivel up; _manata +agoago_, to be zealous; 2. n. _si agoago_ heat. + +_agofi_ v. tr. to cause to be hot. + +_agolu_ poss. pl. 1. more restricted in meaning than _aga_. + +_agoro_ poss. dual. 1. incl. for us two, of us two, us two (obj.). + +_agu_ poss. sing. 1. for me, for my part, me (obj.). + +_ai_, _aiai_, 1. n. a person, kindred, you (voc.) _Joe, ai_, I say, +Joe! _mwela ai_, Hey, you! _ai ana fera nau_, my neighbour; _ai +salaa_, a stranger; _James ai tou_, James the Less; _ogule ai_, a +company; _too te ai_, a few; _te ai gone_, only one, _aiai_ is used +as a relative pronoun, the one, that, or as a plural, _tani aiai_, +everybody; _tani fufue aiai_, some seeds. Compounded with _sai_; +_saiai ne_, that which. Mota _gai_. + +_ai_ 2. n. a tree; _ai rarafolo_, a cross. S. _ai_. + +_ai_ 3. _ai lado_, to graft. + +_ai_ 4. trans. suffix to verb; _sato_, _satoai_. + +_aia_ 1. sister, female relations; used with art. _ni_ for sing., +_ote_ for pl. + +_aia_ 2. exclam. Hey! well then! + +_aini_ trans. suffix to verb. S. _aini_. + +_ainitalongaini_ v. tr. to proclaim. S. _talonga'ini_. + +_ala_ 1. v. i. to answer; _alagwau_, to nod the head in +affirmation. + + _alamai_ v. i. to answer. + + _alamaini_ v. tr. to obey, to take notice of. S. _ala_. + +_ala_ 2. v. tr. to bite; _ala meme_, to bite and rend; _ala +tagalaa_, to feed promiscuously (of animals). S. _ala_. + +_ala_, _alaala_ 3. v. i. to set a net; _ala fafi_, to surround, to +catch. _alasi_ v. tr. to lie in wait for. S. _ala_. + +_alaa_ adv. up; of direction, southeast S. _'ala'a_. + +_alafana_ adv. like, just as. Cf. S. _alihana_. + +_alange_; _alange gwou_, to nod the head in affirmation. _ala_. 1. + +_aliali_ forthwith. + +_aliburi_ (_na_) v. tr. to shorten, curtail. + +_alida_ v. i. to journey by sea. S. _alide_. + + _alidea_ v. n. + +_alifii_ v. tr. to lament. + +_alifooa_ n. blood money. + +_alinga_ (_gu_) n. ear; _alinga bungu_, deaf. S. _'alinge_. + +_alitafu_ n. a dung heap, refuse. S. _alitehu_. + +_alofi_ v. tr. to shake off. + +_alu_ v. tr. to put, bury; v. i. to become; _alu ere ana_, to burn; +_alu mwela_, to have children; _salo e alu maraqai_, the sky is +red; _alu fafola_, addition, increase. U. _'alu_. + + _alua_, dehortative, no! don't! _alua fasi_, wait a while! + + _alula_ v. n. putting, becoming. + +_alualu_ v. i. _bae alualu_, to promise. + +_aluga_ partic. unloosed. _luga_. + +_amu_ 1. poss. sing. 2. for thee, thee (obj.). _gera soea amu_, +they asked it of thee. S. _amu_. + +_amu_ 2. v i. to be dumb; a _amu_, the deaf mute. S. _amumu_. + +_ana_ 1. poss. sing. 3. for him, her, it; used also as obj. _e soea +ana_, he asked him for it; _e lea ana_, he went on his way; _e ita +ana mai_, from there; _qaifamanatai ana too_, a teacher of the +people; _e baita tasaana_, bigger than it; _bota ana_, perhaps. S. +_ana_. + +_ana_ 2. instrumental, with, therewithal; _doo gera saungia ana_, +the thing they killed him with. S. _ana_. + +_ana_ 3. belonging to, from, him, her, it; _o ngalia ana ati_, from +whom did you get it? _tani ai ana aigi_, some of the people. S. +_ana_. + +_ana_ 4. time when; _ana ta maedangi_, on a certain day; _ana +koburo_, in the time of the northwest wind, summer. S. _ana_. + +_ana_ 5. after, by the name of; _e saea lau ana satana_, he called +him by his name. S. _ana_. + +_ana_ 6. of, belonging to; used in composition; _kakao ana ano_, an +earthen vessel; _lea ana fera_, to go to another country. + +_ana_ 7. if, for, when, because, used of subjunctive. + +_ana_ 8. _tangafulu ana_, tenth in a series. S. _ana_ 8 + +_ani_ 1. v. tr. to eat. Mota _gana_; Florida _gani_. + + _anila_, v.n. eating. + +_ani_ 2. instrumental, with; _suu fafia ani taa_, clothed with +what? the pronoun a may be added, _ka modea na toongi ua inao +ania_, to mend the old garment withal; _liona kafi too ania_, his +heart shall be glad thereat. S. _ani_. + +_ani_ 3. prep. concerning, in; _e langi ani nau_, there is nothing +in me; _gera ote gera ani nau_, they will have nothing of me. S. +_ani_. + +_ani_ 4. poss. pl. 3, used of things only, for them; _na doo da soi +amu ani_, the things which they asked you for. S. _ani_. + +_ani_ 5. v. suff.; _ui_, to throw, _uiani_ v. tr., to throw a +thing. + +_aniramo_, v. tr., to do violence to. _ramo_. + +_ano_ 1. n., earth; _si ano lofo_, dust. S. _'ano_. Cf. _gano_. + + _anomi_ v. tr., to bury. + + _iano_ on the ground, down. + +_ano_ 2. v. i., to come to naught. S. _'ano_ 2. + +_angai_ v. tr., to lift, to carry. S. _anga'i_. + +_angi_ v. i., to cry. + + _angisi_ v. tr., to cry over. Mota _tang_. + + _angia_, _angila_ v. n., a cry, crying. + +_angita_ adv. with loc. i, i _angita_, when? bye and bye. Mota +_angaisa_. + +_anu_, _anuanu_ v. i., to be shaken, to be loose. S. _anu_. + +_ao_ v. i., _ao maa ilengi_, to lift the eyes, to look up. S. +_aonga'i_. + +_aqaa_ v. i., to be well, whole, convalescent. S. _awaa_. + +_aqala_ 1. n. a ten, a tally; _aqale mwai_, ten baskets. + +_aqala_ (_na_) 2. n., its noise, the sound of it. S. _awa_ 2. + +_aqaoro_ v. i., to stoop. S. _aqa oro_. + +_arabuu_ v. i., to reach, arrive at. S. _arapuu_. + +_arai_ 1. n., husband; _arai faalu_, bridegroom; _arai na luma_, +master of the house. + +_arai_ 2. n., a chief; _inite arai_, the elders. + +_arenga-_ (_gu_) n., part, duty. S. _arenga_. + +_ariabasi_ v. i., to strive, endeavor, attempt. S. _lapasi_. + +_ariri_ v. i., to be shaken. S. _ariri_. + +_aro_ v. i., to soar. S. _aro_. + +_asi_ 1. n., the sea, salt water, salt; i _toulana asi_, on the +surface of the sea; _asi namo_, a lake; _busu asi_, a whale. S. +_'asi_. + +_asi_ 2. man's brother, woman's sister; used only with art. _mwai_; +_mwai asi_, brethren. Cf. _sasi_. S. _'asi_. + +_asi_ 3. v. tr., to cast away, to fall down; _daro langi si asidaro +laona kilu_, shall they not both fall into the ditch? + +_asia_ 1. adj., scattered; 2. adv., much, excessive, very; _tou +asia na_, very lowly; _elangi asia_, far from it, by no means. S. +_'asi'a_. + +_asua_ n. daylight, daytime; _fe asua_, a day. S. _atowa_. + +_asufe_ n., a rat. S. _'asuhe_. + +_ati_ interrog. pron. sing, who, pl. _gerati_; _ati gera_, who +among them? _ati susulia_, who knows? (I can't say); _doo ati_, +whose thing, who owns it? _ati satana_, what (who) is his name? S. +_atei_. + +_ato_ 1. v. i., to be in motion; _ato buri_, with poss., to turn +the back on; _ato folo_, to cross over; _lua e ato fafigera_, the +flood came upon them; _ato ae_, to move quickly, to hurry. S. _ato_ +1. + +_ato_ 2. v. i., to be difficult. + +_au_ n., the bamboo, flute; musical instrument. S. _au_ 3. + +_auau_; _ngidu auau_, to hate. + + + +B + +_ba_ adv., gives force, explains, makes the diction less abrupt; +_ai ba_, who then? _a doo ba_, why so-and-so; _go_ may be added, _a +doo_ _bago_, the man there. + +_babala_ n., a tempest; _babalai tolo_, a hurricane. + +_babali_ (_gu_) n., cheek. Cf. _bali_. S. _papali_. + +_babara_ (_gu_) n., side (of persons only), loins. S. _parapara_. + +_babaranga_ n., a draught, shoal, of fish; _babarangai ia_, a shoal +of fish. + +_babataini_ v. tr., to throw down, break by throwing down, +overthrow. S. _papa_. + +_bae_, _babae_ v. tr., to speak, to say; _bae fua_, to rebuke. + + _baea_, v. n., word; _si baea_, a word; _a si baea_, The Word. + + _baela_ (_gu_) v. n., word, the act of speaking; _si baela + nana_, that word. + +_baita_ big, loud, to grow big; _manata baita ana_, to love a +person; _mala baita_, Big Malaita. It is worth notice that the last +three letters of _baita_, viz, _ita_, are those which the +Spaniards, the original discoverers of Malaita, added to the name +_mala_, by which Malaita is known to the natives of those parts. +The part of the island which the Spaniards saw and named is called +by its inhabitants _mala baita_, and it is conceivable that the +_ba_ of _baita_ may have been lost in transcription. S. _paine_, +Alite _baita_. The root is probably _bai_, and _ta_ a verbal +suffix. + +_balafe_ v. tr., to thank, to praise. S. _paalahe_. + + _balafela_ v. n., praise, thanksgiving. + +_balala_, _bala_ v. i., used with _fafi_; _balala fafi_, to +despise. + +_bali_ n., part, side, of position; _ita bali logo_, from over +there; _i bali jordan i bali logo_, from the other side of the +Jordan; _te bali babali_, one cheek; _te bali maa_, one eye; Cf. +_babali_. S. _papali_, cheek. + +_bara_ n., a fence, gate, wall, courtyard; _gule bara_, family +(tribe). S. _para_. + +_baraa_ n., a feast. + +_baru_ n., a large sea-going canoe, ship (late use). + +_bata_ n., shell money. S. _haa_. + +_bebe_ n., moth, butterfly. S. _pepe_. + +_bele_ v. i., by mischance, by mistake, in error, of no avail. + + _belengaini_ v. tr., to do a thing by mischance, in error. S. + _pele_. + +_beli_, _belibeli_ v. tr., to steal, to rob, to steal from a +person. + + _belila_ v. n., theft. S. _peli_. + +_beu_ n., a chamber in a house; _kade beu_, inner chamber. + +_bibii_ n., mud. S. _qiqi_. + +_bibisu_ n., shiny starling, _callornis metallica_. s. _pipisu_. + +_bibiu_, _mwela bibiu_, a baby, an infant. ?Mota _piopio_. + +_bilage_ v. tr., to shut; _bilage maa_, to shut the door. + +_bili_; _fabili_, to make dirty. + + _bilia_ adj., dirty, unclean. + +_bilili_ v. tr., to press upon, weigh down. S. _pilingi_. + + _bilingi_ v. tr., to press down. + +_binaae_ v. i., to shine, of sun. + +_binisi_ v. tr., to bind. + +_bito_ 1. v. i., to sprout, to shoot, to begin to grow; 2. n. a +sprout; + + _bitona e bito_, it sprouted. S. _qito_. + +_bobola_ to be fitting, meet. + +_bobongi_ with loc. i, i _bobongi_, tomorrow. Mota _qong_. + +_boe_ v. i., to be whole, big. + + _boeboela_ adj., whole, sound, fat, well. + +_bokosi_ v. tr., to hinder. + +_bola_ n., a pigeon, _carpophaga rufigula_. Florida _bola_. + +_bole_; _teo bole_, to dream; _Teo bolea_, _teo bolela_, a dream. +S. _qole_, Mota _qore_. + +_bona_ v. i., to cease speaking, to be silent. + +_bono_ v. i., to close a hole; _toongi bono maa_, sackcloth. S. +_pono_. + +_bongara_, _bongangara_, v. i., to succor, nourish; _bongara +fonosi_, to oppose. + +_bongi_; 1. _too bongi_, to be sad of face. + +_bongi_; 2. _dau bongi_, to take hold of. + +_boro_ 1. (_na_, _ni_), _borona aena_, heel. + +_boro_ 2. adv., perhaps, probably, possibly. + +_boro_ 3. v. i., _boro tafa_, to emerge, come out from. S. _pola_. + +_boso_ n., a pig. Bugotu, _botho_, Florida, _bolo_, New Guinea, +_boro_. + +_bota_ used with poss., blessed, to receive a thing gratis, to be +well provided with; _bota ana_, haply. + + _fabota_ v. tr., to be of assistance to. + +_bouruuru_ v. i., to fall down, to kneel down. + + _bouruurula_ v. n. S. _pouruuru_. + +_bubu_ v. i., to look; _bubu tete adalu_, to look earnestly at +them. + + _bubungi_ v. tr., to look at. + +_bubulu_ n., a star; _fe bubulu_, a star; a bottle (late use). + +_bubulua_ adj., black. S. _pulupulu'e_. + +_bubungi_; _bubungi luma_, a village. S. _pungu_. + +_bukonu_ v. i., to be grieved; _lio bukonu_, to be sad of heart. + +_bulo_, _bulobulo_ v. i. to turn; _afe bulobulo_, a tide rip. S. +_pulo_. + +_bulu_ n., gall. S. _pulu_. + +_bungu_ 1. a shell trumpet; _ufi bungu_, to blow the trumpet. + +_bungu_ 2. v. i., to be deaf; _alinga bungu_, deaf. S. _pungu_. + +_buri_ (_gu_) n., back, stern, behind, after, of persons, _buri +mwane_, second son. + + _burina_ after that; _i burimu_, in your absence. S. _puri_. + +_buro_; _lio buro_, _manata buro_, to forget. S. _pu'o_. + +_burosi_ v. tr., _burosi lio_, to keep in doubt. S. _mahuro_. + +_buroburo_ v. i., to bubble, to spring up, of water. S. _hure'i_. + +_buru_ v. i., to be narrow; _tala e buru_, narrow is the way. + +_buruburu_ v. i., to be frequent; adv. frequently. S. _puru_. + +_busu_ v. i., to squirt, to eject spray; _busu asi_, a whale. S. +_pusu_. + + + +D + +There is no sound of n in the d. The pronunciation of d in Lau is +much the same as that of d in English. + +_da_ 1. pers. pron. pl. 3. they; used by itself as subject, or +follows _igera_; _igera da ada_, they saw. + +_da_ 2. pers. pron. sing. 3. suffixed to verb and to prepositions +as an anticipatory object, them. + +_dada_ v, i.; _dada fafi_, to leave undone; to pass over. + +_dadaola_, _daodaola_ adj., tired; _noni daodaola_, weary. + +_dafi_ n., the golden lip pearl shell, a pearl; _fufue dafi_, +pearls. S. _dahi_. + +_dalafa_ v. tr., to strike against, to hit. + +_dali_ v. i., to tread upon; _uri dali_, to tread under foot. S. +_pulisi_. + +_dalu_ 1. pers. pron. trial 3. they; used by itself as subj., or +follows _idalu_. + +_dalu_ 2. pers. pron., trial 3. suffixed to verbs, and +prepositions, as object, and to prepositions as an anticipatory +object, and used of persons only, them. + +_daluma_ (_gu_) n., middle, in the midst of; used with loc. _i_. +S. _danume_. + +_dangi_ n., day, e _dangi na_, it is daylight; _dangiliu_, +brightness, glory; _maaedangi_, a day; _suli dangifiri_, daily. S. +_dangi_. + + _dadangi_ v. i., to be daylight. + +_dao_ v. i., to arrive; _rodo fi dao_, till nightfall; _dao ana_, +until. S._dao_. + +_dara_ (_gu_) n., forehead. S. _dara_. + +_daraa_ n., a young man; _maa ni daraa_, a young man. + +_dari_ n., a valley, a creek. S. _da'iderie_. + +_daro_ 1. pers. pron. dual 3. they two; used by itself as subj. or +follows _idaro_. + +_daro_ 2. pers. pron. dual 3. suffixed to verbs and prepositions as +object, or to prep, as an anticipatory object, the two of them. + +_darongai_ v. tr., to scatter, cause to disperse. S. _daro'i_ + +_dasa_ n., fog, mist. + +_dau_, _dadau_ v. i., to hold, catch, take, touch; used with poss.; +_dau agu_, touch me; _dau toogu_, meet me. S. _dau_. 1. + + _daula_ v. n., holding, touching. + +_dedengi_ v. tr., to pour out. S. _dede'i_. + +_dee_, _deedee_ v. tr., to catch fish; _mwane deedee_, a fisherman. + + _deela_ v. n., _dee ana deela_, to fish. + +_didi_ v. tr., to carve, to grave. S. _didi_ 2. + +_diena_ adj., good, proper, accurate, beloved; _lio diena fafi_, to +delight in, to love. + + _dienala_ v. n. U. _diena_. + +_dila_ v. i., to jump down. S. _dile_. + +_dingalu_; _dui dingalu_, completely finished. + +_dodoria_ adj., clear, open, of path. + +_dole_ v. i., to delay, to be a long time. + +_dolofi_ v. tr., to rub in the hands. + +_donga_ v. i., to spread, to circulate. + + _dongaa_ adj., consecutive. S. _donga_ 2. + +_doo_ n., thing; the noun ending may be added; with the personal +article, _a doo_, the person, so-and-so, such an one; _ni doo ne_, +the woman, woman (Voc.); _doo mamana_, truly; _ade doo_, to +worship; _dooa_, _doola_ v. n., _saitama dooa_, wisdom; _ade +doola_, worship; cf. S. _ola_. + +_dori_ v. tr., to wish for, desire, love. + +_dudu_ v. i., to move position; _dudu mai_, come hither; _dudu +oli_, to retire. U. _dudu_. + +_dumuli_ v. tr., to lay hold of. + +_duqe_ v. tr., to split, burst, wound; _too duqe_, to cause to +burst open; _ofu duqe_, to burst. + +_duu_ v. tr., to visit upon, punish, repay, _qaiduu_, to revenge. + + _duulana_, with loc. _i_, _i duulana_, because of. + + _duula_ v. n., recompense. + + + +E + +_e_. 1. used to make a construct form, added to the first of two +nouns, _fuli abae ai_, man's handiwork; _toloe fera_, a hill; when +the first noun ends in _a_, _ae_ is contracted into _e_, _aqale +mwae_, ten bags; _fufue ai_, seed; when the first noun ends in _o_, +the _oe_ is contracted into _e_; _abolo_, piece, _abole ai_, log. +Cf. Mota, construct form of nouns, where the ending of the first +noun may be altered to _e_. + +_e_. 2. pers. pron. sing. 3. he, she, it, used to precede _nia_ +when the meaning is, there is, it is: _na liqa gera enia ada_, they +have their holes; _ma te ai enia i luma_, there is only one person +in the house; generally used of the neuter; _e langi_, no, not; _e +langi ana_, it is lost; _e langi o si sulu isulia_, you must not +follow him; _e sui na_, it is finished; _e uta_, how? S. _e_. + +e. 3. v. p., used with numerals and with _fita_; _e rua_. two; _e +fita_, how many? S. _e_. + +_eela_ adj., lazy; _noni eela_, lazy. + +_eelenga_ (_na_) n., the end of, its end. + +_eeo_ v. i., to be crooked. + +_ele_ v. i., to desire, used with _uri_; _ele uria_, desirous of +it. + + _elela_ v. n., rejoicing. + + _elea_ adj., joyfully. + +_eli_, _elieli_ v. tr., to dig. + + _elila_ v. n., digging. S. _eli_. + +_enia_ pers. pro. sing. 3. he, she, it; _enia naane_, that is so; +_gele mwela enia ada_, the small child (he) was with them. Cf. _e_. +2. + +_eqetaini_ v. tr., to remit, forego. + +_ere_ 1. n., fire; _alu ere ana_, to set fire to; _si ere_, a +firestick. + +_ere_ 2. v. tr., to plait. + + _ereere_ v. tr., used as prep., round about. + + _ereila_ adj., round in shape. S. _ere_. + +_erisi_ v. tr., to dispatch, send. _qaierisi_. + +_eta_ numeral, one; _eta inao fua_, to be in front of, to lead. + + _etana_, ordinal, first, the first time. S. _eta_. + + + +F + +_fa_. 1. causative prefix, applied to verbs and less frequently to +nouns, e. g., _famwaela_. S. _ha'a_. + +_fa_. 2. termination of verbal nouns: _mae_, to die, _maemaefa_, +sickness; _otofa-_, concerning, _oofa-_, approaching, are always +followed by the suffixed pronoun. S. _ha_. + +_faabu_ v. tr., to forbid. S. _'abu_. + + _faabua_ v. n., an oath. + +_faabusu_ v. tr., to fill, satiate with food. + +_faada_ v. tr., to cause to see, to awaken. _ada_. + +_faado_ v. tr., to apportion. S. _ado_. + +_faalamaini_ v. tr., to entrust, to permit. _alamai_. + +_faalu_, _faolu_, adj., new, fresh, recent; _arai faolu_, +bridegroom. S. _haalu_. + +_fabaita_ v. tr., to make big, to magnify oneself. _baita_. + +_fabili_ v. tr., to make dirty, to defile. _bili_. + +_fabona_ v. tr., to appease, to cause to be quiet. _bona_. + +_fabota_ v. tr., to be of assistance to. _bota_. + +_fabulosi_ v. tr., to cause to turn, to turn over. _bulo_. + +_fadole_ v. tr., to be a debtor to. + +_fafanafi_ v. tr., to covet. _fana_. + +_fafanga_ v. tr., to feed. _fanga_. + +_fafaraasia_ adj., tasteless. + +_fafi_ 1. v. tr., to help; _dau fafi_, to help, to surround; 2. +prep, concerning, causation; _fafia_, because of. S. _haahi_. + +_fafo_ (_gu_) n., above, over, used with locative i., i _fafona_, +in addition, on top of it. + + _fafola_ v. n., _alu fafola_, addition. S. _haho_. + +_fafolali_ v. tr., to illuminate. _fola_. + +_fafolifoli_ v. tr., to signify, to explain. _folifoli_. + +_fafou_ v. tr., to proclaim. _fou_. + +_fafunu_ v. tr., to destroy, to cause to end. _funu_. + +_fafungu_ v. tr., to fill, _fungu_. + +_fafurongo_ n., a disciple, _rongo_. + +_fafuta_ v. tr., to generate, to beget; said of both parents. + + _fafutala_ v. n., a generation, _futa_. + +_fafuu_ used with possessive _ana_; _fafuuana_, real. _fuu_. + +_faga_ (_gu_) n., mouth. Niue _fangai_, to feed; Mota _wanga_, to +gape; S. _awanganga_, to gape. + +_fagaro_ v. tr., to deceive, to cause to stray. _garo_. + +_fagwau_ v. tr., to make desolate. _gwau_. + +_fagwoufi_ v. tr., to give drink to. _gwou_. + +_fagwourufi_ v. tr., to cause to sit down. _gwouru_. + +_fai_ 1. v. tr., used as prep., with, to help; _fai oe_, with thee. + + _faini_ v. tr., to help, to companion with; _fainia_, moreover. + +_fai_ 2. adv., where? used with locative i, or with prefix _ni_; +_ifai_, _nifai_. U. _hei_. + +_fai_ 3. pref. to verb; _buri_, behind, _faiburi_, to leave behind; +_faigwa_, to spill. + +_fai_ 4. numeral, four, _faina_, ordinal, fourth, the fourth time. + +_faiburi_ used with poss., to leave behind, _fa_ 1. + +_faigwa_ v. tr., to spill, to shed. + +_fakukule_ v. tr., to cause to hang down. + +_fakulufi_ v. tr., to let sink, to lower, _kulu_. + +_falaete_ adv., only. S. _hali'ite_. + +_falangi_ 1. n., a house on piles. S. _ha'alangi_. _langi_ 2. + +_falangi_ 2. v. tr., to bring to nothing, to destroy. _langi_ 1. + +_falauni_ v. tr., to decorate, to adorn, _launi_. + +_fale_ v. tr., to give; _fale aba fafi_, to lay hands on. + + _falela_ v. n., a gift. + +_fali_, _fafali_ v.i., to walk, tread; _fali folo_, to turn aside. +S. _palili_. + +_falisi_ n., garden, crop, season, year. S. _ha'lisi_. + +_falooi_ v. tr., to torment, treat shamefully. _loo_. + +_famae_ 1. v. tr., to kill. _mae_. + + _famaesi_ v. tr. + +_famae_ 2. v. tr., to quench. _mae_. + +_famafo_ v. tr., to heal a sore. _mafo_. + +_famamana_ v. tr., to establish, to make true. _mamana_. + +_famanatai_ v. tr., to instruct, teach. _manatai_. + +_famou_ used with poss., to warn, terrify, hold in honor. _mou_. + +_famwaela_ used with poss., to laugh at. _mwaela_. + +_fanau_ v. tr., to teach, educate. S. _ha'ananau_. + +_fana_ v. i., to shoot. S. _hana_. + + _fanasi_ v. tr., to shoot, to covet. + +_fanina_ v. tr., to be wont, to accustom. + +_fanonifi_ v. tr., to torment. _noni_. + +_fanualama_ n., peace. S. _hanualama_. + +_fanga_ v. tr., to eat, to bite (of fish); _toli fanga_, to fast, +abstain from. + + _fangaa_ v. n., a feast. + + _fangala_ v. n., food; _ade fangala_, to make a feast. + +_fangado_ v. tr., to make strong; _fangado rage_, to comfort. +_ngado_. + +_fangasi_ v. tr., to harden. + +_fao_, _faofao_ v. tr., to weave, to plait. S. _hao_. + +_faolo_ v. tr., to make straight. + + _faolofi_ v. tr., to make straight, to justify (late use). + +_faolu_ adj., new, recent, fresh. U. _ha'olu_. + +_faorai_ v. i., to plot, take counsel, consult, talk together. + +_faoro_ v. tr., to multiply. + +_faoroa_ adj., often. _oro_. + +_faqaqaoa_ v. tr., to make clean. _qaqaoa_. + +_faqaqari_ v. tr., _faqaqari lio_, to comfort. + +_fara_ (_gu_) n., beneath; with locative _i_, _i farana_, on the +earth. + +_fararao_ v. tr., to cause to stick. _rarao_. + +_farifari_ n., a scorpion. S. _hariheri_. + +_farodo_ v. tr., to darken; _farodo maa_, to blind the eyes. +_rodo_. + +_fasaa_; _fasaa fua_, to curse; _bae fasaa ana_, to curse anyone. + +_fasi_ (_nau_) 1. prep., from, motion from. + +_fasi_ 2. adv., a while; makes the diction less abrupt; _o lea +fasi_, please go; _alua fasi_, put it aside, i.e., wait a while, +presently. + +_fasi_ 3. v. tr., to sow, to plant. S. _hasi_. + +_fasia_ dehortative, don't! _fasia oko lea go_, do not go; _o fasia +oko luia lau_, do not forbid it any more. _fasi_ 2. + +_fasifa_ v. tr., to sell, to hire. + + _fasifala_ v. n., price, hire. _sifa_. + +_fasui_ v. tr., to finish; _fasui lio_, to satisfy the mind. _sui_. + +_fasusu_ v. tr., to give suck to. _susu_. + +_fataali_ v. tr., to do harm to, to spoil. _taa_. + +_fatai_ partic., out, clear. + + _fataia_ v. n., a manifestation. S. _ha'atai_. + +_fatake_, _fatakesi_ v. v. tr., to cause to stand, to set up; +_fatake qaimani_, to be a peacemaker. _take_. + +_fataofai_ v. tr., to cause to stumble, to offend (late use). +_taofai_. + +_fatau_ v. tr., to cause to be far off. S. _ha'atau_. + +_fatemaea_ n., a wonder, a miracle; _si fatemaea_. + +_fateofi_ v. tr., to cause to lie down, to put to sleep. _teo_. + +_fateqa_ v. tr., to lengthen. _teqa_. + +_fatona_ v. tr., to cause amazement to. + +_fatou_ v. tr., to humble. _tou_. + +_fe_ 1. article, a; used of things spherical in shape; _fe bread_, +a loaf; _fe bubulu_, a star; _fe gale bola_, a young pigeon; _fe +kakarai kua_, a hen's egg; _fe rade_, a reed; _na_ or _ta_, or +_te_, may precede; _fe uo_, a hill; _tefuana ta fe uo_, every hill; +_na fe uo_, a hill; _te fe mwela matala_, an only son; used of one +of a series; _fe asua_, a day; _fe rodo_, a night; used as a +multiplicative; _ro fe angia_, two cryings; _fita fe ade doo taa +fuagu_, how many sinnings against me? Cf. _qe_. + +_fe_ 2. (a) marks repetition or restoration or continuance; is +accompanied by adv. _lau_, again; _na abana e fe boeboela lau_, his +hand was restored whole; _daro fe lea lau go_, they two went on; +(b) used as an illative, in that case, following upon. S. _hei_. + +_fera_ n., land, village, habitation; _fera fu_, heritage; _fera +gwou_, a deserted village. S. _hera_. + +_Ferasubua_ artificial islet north of _Fuaga_. + +_fi_ illative, in that case, then, following upon, just now, for +the first time; follows the verbal particles _ka_, _ko_, but a +particle need not be used; _gami mi fi saitamana na tala_, and how +shall we know the way? + +_fi_ 2. trans. suffix to verb; _tau_, to wash; _taufia abana_. + +_fidali_ v. tr., to clap the hands, to strike with the hands. S. +_hideli_. + +_fii_ v. i., to be in pain, to hurt. S. _hii_. + + _fiila_ v. n., pain. _nonifii_. + +_fili_; _tasifili_, alone. S. _hili_. + +_filo_; _ada filo_, to choose, to perceive; _too filo_, to +perceive. + +_finau_ n., a hook. S. _hinou_. + +_fiolo_ v. i., to be hungry. + + _fioloa_ v. n., hunger. S. _hi'olo_. + +_firi_ adv., always, lasting; _too firi_, everlasting; _suli +dangifiri_, daily. + +_firu_ v. i., to fight with weapons. + + _firula_ v. n., a fight, war; _na firula_. + +_fisu_, _fifisu_ v. tr., to pluck. + +_fita interrog_. adv., used with _e_ 3; _e fita_, how many? _sasigu +ka fita fe ade doo taa fuagu_, how often shall my brother wrong me? +S. _nite_. + +_fitali_ v. tr., to split; _too fitali_, split in sunder. S. +_hideli_. + +_foaa_ v. tr., to pray. + + _foaataini_ v. tr., to pray for. + + _foaala_ v. n., prayer. + +_foda_ v. tr., to shut, to close. + +_foela_ v. n., division, schism. + +_foga_ v. i., to be open, to rend. S. _ho'a_. + +_fola_ v. i., to shine, to be clear; _lioda kasi fola_, their minds +shall be clear; _bae fola_, to speak plain. + + _folala_ v. n., light, clear, shining. + +_folaa_ n., a calm. S. _holaa_. + +_folifoli_ v. tr., to measure, to signify, to exemplify. + + _folifolia_ v. n., a measure. + +_folo_, _fofolo_ 1. v. tr., to guard; _folo fonosi_, to protect. + + _folola_ v. n., a guarding. + + _foloa_ v. n., guardian. + +_folo_ 2. v. i., to cross over; _fali folo_, to turn aside +_towards_; _ato_ _folo_, to cross the sea. _rarafolo_. + +_fono_ v. i., to be full; _agala fono_, a full ten. Mota _wono_. + +_fonosi_ (_nau_) verb used as preposition, against, to meet, to +protect. S. _honosi_. + +_fonu_ n., a turtle. S. _honu_. + +_foosi_ v. tr., to officiate, conduct service. + +_fote_ 1. v. tr., to paddle; 2. n., a paddle; _si fote_. S. _hote_. + +_fotoi_ v. tr., to hit, to crucify. + +_fou_ 1. rock, stone; _si fou_, a rock. S. _hau_ + +_fou_ 2. v. i., to proclaim. + + _foulai_ v. tr., to proclaim. S. _hou_. + +_founia_, _faunia_ n., a sacrifice. + +_fousi_ v. tr., to turn, to reverse. + +_fu_ 1. v. i., to be grieved. S. _hu_. + +_fu_ 2. adv., real, permanent, for good; _ngali fu ana_, to take it +permanently. S. _hu_. + +_fua-_ (_gu_) 1. prep, to, for, dative, motion towards; _falea +fuana_, give it to him; _mae fuana_, die to his disadvantage; _soe +ledia fuana_, question him about it; _bae fua_, forbid anyone; in +order to, _fua qaimani_, in order to help; _ngado fua_, trust (a +person), _fuana_ used as subjunctive or optative. + +_fua_ 2. n. ashes. + +_Fuaga_ artificial islet inside reef at Ataa Cove. + +_fuagalo_ v. i., to be in good time, early afoot in the morning. + +_fuasa_, a crocodile. S. _huasa_. + +_fualangaa_ n., sin. + +_fufua_ (_na_) n., fruit; _fufue ai_, seed; _fufuana_, its seed. S. +_hue_. + +_fufusi_ v. tr., to scatter, to sow. + +_fulaa_ n., a spring of water. S. _hulaa_. + +_fuli_ n., place; _fuli abae ai_, men's handiwork; _fuli fera_, +village; _i fulini_, in their place (neuter). S. _huli_. + +_fulo_ 1. v. tr., to wash, to sponge; n., a sponge. S. _hulo_. + +_fulo_ 2. v. tr., to prepare; _fuloa na tala_, to make ready a way. + +_funu_ v. i., to come to naught, be destroyed; _ani funu_, to eat +up, devour; _doo funu gi_, things of naught, vanities. + +_fungo_ (_gu_) n., relations at law; _fungona Peter geni_, Peter's +mother-in-law. S. _hungao_. + +_fungu_ 1. v. i. to bear fruit. S. _hungu_. + +_fungu_ 2. v. i., to be full. S. _honu_. + +_funguli_ v. tr., to oppress, cause sorrow to. + +_furai_ n., a net; _furai ana deela_, a fishing net. + +_futa_ v. i., to be born. + + _futala_ v. n., generation. S. _hute_. + +_fuura_ v. i., to be dropsical. S. _pule_. + + + +G + +_gagaro_ (_gu_) n., flank, side, of persons. S. _karokaro_. + +_galai_ v. tr., to strike, beat. + +_gale_ adj., precedes noun, small, little, of young persons or +children; _ro fe gale bola_, two young pigeons. S. _kele_. + +_gali_ (_nau_) verb used as prep., round, around; lea _galia_, go +round it. S. _kali_. + +_gamelu_ 1. personal pronoun trial, 1. excl. we; used by itself as +subj. or follows _igamelu_. + +_gamelu_ 2. as _gamelu_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep. + +_gamere_ 1. pers. pron. dual 1. we two; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igamere_. + +_gamere_ 2. as _gamere_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep. + +_gami_ 1. pers. pron. pi. 1. excl; we; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igami_. + +_gami_ 2. as _gami_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep. + +_gamolu_ 1. pers. pron. trial 2. you; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igamolu_. + +_gamolu_ 2. as _gamolu_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep. + +_gamoro_ 1. pers. pron. dual 2. you two; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igamoro_. + +_gamoro_ 2. as _gamoro_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep. + +_gamu_ 1. pers. pron. pi. 2. you; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igamu_. + +_gamu_ 2. as _gamu_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep, + +_garangi_ (_nau_) verb used as prep., near; adv., almost. S. +_kara'ini_. + +_garo_ v. i., to be astray, loose, to be lost, to wander, to be +wrong; _manata garo_, to think astray, to err. + +_garola_ v. n., transgression. S. _takalo_. + +_gau_ 1. v. tr., to extract, to pluck. + +_gau_ 2. v. tr., to bind. + +_gefu_, _gefusi_ v. v. tr., to tear down, to roll away, to remove. + +_gege_; _ada gege_, to look behind. + + _Adagege_, name of artificial islet next to _Ferasubua_. S. + _keke_ 3. + +_gele_ 1. adv., a little, somewhat. 2. adj., little; _gele qe ia +gi_, small fishes. S. _kele_. + +_gelogelo_ v. i., to be shaken. + +_gelogeloa_ adj., shaken. S. _kidekule_. + +_geni_ n., a woman; _ni geni ne_ (Voc), woman; tole _genila_, +marriage. S. _keni_. Alite _mangeli_. + +_gera_ 1. pers. pron. pi. 3. they; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igera_; used to mark plurality; _gera priest_; _gera na +Judea_. S. _kire_. + +_gera_ 2. as _gera_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep. + +_gi_ article, denotes plurality, follows the noun; _na mwane gi_, +the men; _na mwane oro gi_, many men; used with the forms of the +pers. pron. pl. but not with those in _lu_; _gi_ may be separated +from the noun; _na doo nia gi_, his things. S. _'i_ 8. + +_gia_ 1. pers. pron. pi. 1. incl. we; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igia_. S. _ki'e_. + +_gia_ 2. as _gia_ 1. but suff. as obj. to v. and prep. + +_gidigidi_ v. tr., to knock with the knuckles. + +_ginigini_ v. tr., to pinch. S. _'ini_. + +_girigiri_; _girigiri lifo_, to clench the teeth; _girigiri lifoa_ +v. n. + +_go_ 1. adv., of place, there, thither, away; added to _lau_; _e +bae lau go_, he said also; _logo_, over there; _sifo go_, come +down, descend. S. _wau_. + +_go_ 2. a demonstrative; _inau go agu_, I for my part; _tefe doo go +ana_, only one thing; _ne_ may be added; _inia_ gone, that is it. +S. _hou_ 2. + +_golu_ 1. pers. pron. trial 1. incl. we; used by itself as subj. or +follows _igolu_. S. _kolu_. + +_golu_ 2. as _golu_ I, but is suff. to v. and prep, as obj. + +_goni_, _gonitai_ v. v. tr., to receive, to keep, to observe and +do. S. _koni_. + +_goro_ 1. pers, pro. dual 1. incl. we two; used by itself as subj. +or follows _igoro_. S. _kure_. + +_goro_ 2. as _goro_ 1. but is suff. to v. and prep, as obj. + +_gougou_ (_na_) n., husk, shell, + +_gu_ 1. pers. pron. sing. 1. I, used by itself as sub. or follows +_inau_. Florida, _ku_. + +_gu_ 2. as _gu_ 1. but is suff. to v. and prep, as obj. + +_gula_ n., place, part; _gula i maa_, outside; _gule bara_, family. + +_gulu_ v. i., to be heavy, to be enceinte, + + _gulufi_ v. tr., to be too heavy for. + + _gulua_ adj., heavy. + +_gumu_ v. tr., to strike, to punch. S. _kumu_. + +_gutafi_ v. tr., to persecute. S. _kotahi_. + +_gwa_; _faigwa_, to shed, to spill. + +_gwaa_ v. i., to be open, of ears. S. _wa'a_. + +_gwagwaria_ adj., patient, gentle. + +_gwai_ 1. v. tr., to anoint; 2. n., ointment. + + _gwaila_ v. n., anointing; _gwai ni gwaila_. + +_gwalifoa_ v. tr., to cause to sink. + +_gwalu_ 1. v. tr., to promise. + + _gwalua_ v. n., a promise, + + _gwalula_ v. n., a promising. + +_gwalu_ 2. v. i., to moor a vessel, + +_gwaofa_ n., house, ridge. S. _qaoha_. + +_gwaofai_ v. tr., to hide, to cover over, + +_gwari_ adj., cold; _kafo gwari_, cold water, + +_gwarimabe_ v. i., to be gentle, quiet, sober. _gwagwaria_ + +_gwau_, _gwou_ (_gu_) n., head. S. _q'au_. + +_gwaunga_, _gwounga_ n., a generation; _gwaunge mwane_, a +generation of men. S. _qaunge_. + +_gwauru_, _gwouru_ v. i., to kneel, to bend. S. _pouruuru_. + +_gwautoli_, _gwoutoli_ v. i., to bow, to bend. S. _qa'utoli_. + +_gwegwe_ v. tr., to buffet; _salo_ e _gwegwe gera_, the wind was +contrary to them. + +_gwelu_; _tatagwelu_, headlong. S. _tataqelu_. + +_gwini_, _gwinigwini_ v. i., to be moist, wet. S. _qini_. + +_gwou_, _gwougwou_, _gwoufi_, 1. v. v. tr. to drink. + + _gwoula_ v. n., a drinking. + +_gwou_, _gwau_ 2. v. i., to be deserted, overgrown, of gardens; to +be part; to be empty, finished, of a vessel; _fera gwou_, a +deserted village, + + _gwoutai_ v. tr., to be apart, alone; _e gwouiai daro_, they two + were alone. Mota _won_. + +_gwoubusua_ a hill. _gwou_, head, + +_gwouru_, _gwauru_ v. i., to kneel, sit. + + _gwourula_ session. S. _pouruuru_. + +_gwoutai_, _gwoutaini_ v. v. tr., to bow the head. + +_gwou ulunga_ n., a pillow. S. _qa'u ulunge_. + + + +I + +_i_ 1. locative; always used before names of places; always with +adverbs of time and direction; _ifai_, where? _i daluma_, in the +midst; _i Ramarama_, at Port Adam; _i kade manga na_, at that time; +_i angita_, when? _i se_, _i sena_, here. Forms the compound +prepositions _ifafo_, _i fara_, _i lao_. S. _i_. + +_i_ 2. genitive; _geni i Saa_, a Sa'a woman; _ro kesi kurui bata_, +two pieces of money; used to express purpose, _lea i fasifa_, go to +purchase. S. _i_. + +_i_ 3. prefix to personal and demonstrative pronouns; _inau_, +_igoro_, _igia_. S. _i_. + +_i_ 4. instrumental prefix forming noun from verb; _kamu_ to eat +areca nut, _ikamu_, a lime spatula. + +_i_ 5. verbal suffix; _manata_, to think, _manatai_, to pity. S. +_'i_. + +_ian_ a fish, a fish tooth (porpoise); _qe ia_, a fish. S. _i'e_. + +_iano_ adv., on the ground, down; _mai iano_, on the earth. + +_iangita_ adv., when? at what time? + +_ibobongi_ adv., tomorrow. Mota _qong_. + +_ida_ v. i., to be ashamed, to reverence; _ida fasi_, to reverence, + + _idala_ v. n., respect, shame. + +_idalu_ pers. pron. pl. 3. they; used by itself as subj. or follows +_dalu_, more restricted in application than _igera_. + +_idaro_ pers. pron. dual 3, they two; used by itself as subj. or +follows _daro_. + +_idu_ 1. v. i., to count. + + _idumi_ v. tr. S. _idu_. + +_idu_ 2. v. i., to move position; _lea idu_, to pass by; _lea idu +mai_, to enter. + +_idula-_ (_gu_) n., on behalf of. + +_ie_ (_gu_) n., stomach, womb. S. _'ie_. + +_ifafo_ (_gu_) prep, above; _maaedangi i fafo_, two days ago. + +_ifai_ adv., where. + +_ifara_ (_na_) n., underneath. + +_ifi_ v. i., to open, _ifingi_ v. tr. + +_ifitai_ n., a mat, a bed. + + _ifitaini_ v. tr., to spread as a cloth. + +_ifu_ (_gu_) n., hair. S. _ihu_. + +_ifu_ v. i., to be uprooted. S. _'aihu_. + + _ifula_ v. n., a fall, an uprooting, + +_igamelu_ 1. pers. pron. trial excl. 1. we; used as subj.; more +restricted in application than _igami_. + +_igamere_ pers. pron. dual 1. excl. we two; used as subj. + +_igamolu_ pers. pron. trial 2. you; used as subj.; more restricted +in application than _igamu_. + +_igamoro_ pers. pron. dual 2. you two; used as subj. + +_igamu_ pers. pron. pi. 2. you; used as subj. + +_igera_ pers. pron. pi. 3. they; used as subj.; also as plural +article; + + _igera fiolo_, the hungry. S. _ikire_. + +_igia_ pers. pron. pl. 1. inch we; used as subj. S. _iki'e_. + +_igolu_ pers. pron. trial. 1. incl. we; used as subj.; more +restricted in application than _igia_. S. _ikolu_. + +_igoro_ pers. pron. dual 1. we two; used as subj. S. _ikure_. + +_iida_ (_na_) n., pinnacle of house. + +_iidimani_ only, just, to be about to; _iidimani si doo_, the +uttermost farthing; _tesi gida iidimani_, the merest piece. + +_ikamu_ n., a lime spatula. + +_ilangi_ adv., up, above, in the sky. + +_ilefou_ n., a precipice; _fou_. + +_ili_ v. i., to choose; Hi _doo_, to choose. S. _ilisi_. + + _ilisi_ v. tr. + +_ilao_ (_gu_) n., used as prep.; within; _ilaona_, inside. S. +_ila'o_. + +_ileli_ v. tr., to judge. + +_ilelia_ adj., bruised. + +_ilifaini_ v. tr., to give commands to, to signify. + +_ilitoo_ v. tr., to tempt; takes _gu_, _mut_, _na_, as pronominal +suffixes; _a ilitooa_ v. n., the tempter. + +_imaa_ adv., outside, in the courtyard. + +_i moumouli_ (_gu_) on, in, the left hand (late use). + +_inakesi_ v. tr., to examine, take account of, beseech, importune; +_inakesi ingola_, to beseech. + +_inala_ v. i., to discern by casting lots. S. _ilala_. + +_inali_ 1. v. tr., to plait; 2. a rope. S. _i'eli_. + +_inao_ (_gu_) n., before, in front of, of old time. S. _ina'o_. + +_ini_ v. tr., to pinch, _ini_ i _luana_, to throttle. S. _'ini_. + +_inia_ pers. pron. sing. 3. he, she, it; used as subj. and followed +by _nia_. S._inge'ie_. + +_inite_; _inite arai_, the elders. + +_initoo_ to be glorious; _soe initoo_, to glorify; _too initoo_, +the rulers; _initoo_, _initoola_, majesty. + +_inumae_ v. i., to be orphaned, to be poor. + + _inumaea_ v. n., an orphan. S. _inemae_. + +_inunufa-_ (_gu_) n., because of. S. _inunuha_. + +_ingo_ v. i. to beseech. + + _ingosi_ v. tr., to beseech. + + _ingotaini_ v. tr., to provoke. + + _ingola_ v. n., _inakesi ingola_, to beseech. + +_ioe_ pers. pron. sing. 2. thou, used as subj. and followed by _o_. +S. _i'oe_. + +_iqa_ v. 1. to be spoilt, shed, of fluid. + +_irogi_ adv., yesterday. + +_irori_ v. tr., to mix, mingle, stir up. + +_isara_ adv., shore, to the shore. + +_ise_, _isegi_, _ise na_ adv., here. + +_isi_; _isilana_, the end; _isiburi_, to be last, finally; +_isingana ne_, from henceforth; _sae isingana_, leave off speaking. + +_isuli_ prep. motion after, motion over; _isulia rodo mana asua_, +by day and night; _lea isulia_, go after him. S. _isuli_. + +_ita_ adv., motion from; _ita ana mai_, up to here; _ita mai ifai_, +whence; _ita na ma inao_, from of old. + +_itafu-_ (_gu_) n., on behalf of. + +_iu_, _iuka_ affirmative, yes. + + + +K + +_ka_ verbal particle, used of present or of future time, or of +consequent action; _nia ka bae uri_, he speaks thus; _gamelu ka +ania si taa_, what shall we eat? _sui ta nia kafi bae uri_, +thereupon he says; _lelea ka rodo_, go till nightfall; may be used +in negative sentences with the addition of _si_, not; _kasi +bobola_, it is not fitting. U. _'a_. + +_kada_ n., a period; _kada na_, _kada ni_, at the time when; _i +kada uta_, when? _kade manga_, while; _kade beu_, inner chamber. + +_kafo_ water; _si kafo_, a bamboo water carrier. + +_kakalu_ a well of water. S. _kilu_. + +_kakamu_ (_na_) n., edge, border. + +_kakao_ basin, vessel, coconut shell cut to make a spoon. S. +_kaokao_. + +_kakara_ egg; _fe kakarai kua_, hen's egg. + +_kakasi_ v. tr., to carve. + +_kakau_ (_gu_) n., finger. S. _kau_. + +_kame_ (_na_) n., used with locative i, by the side of (of things). + +_kamu_ v. i., to eat areca nut. S. _damu_. + +_kani_ v. tr., to bind. + + _kanila_ v. n., a binding. + +_kanikulu_ v. tr., to hang up, suspend. + +_kao_ a bamboo water carrier. Cf. _kafo_. + +_kari_ v. tr., to tear, rend, break open, take to pieces. + +_kau_, _kakau_, v. tr., to bind, tie. + +_kakari_ v. i., to be torn. + +_kauraa_ v. tr., to mend, patch. + +_ke_ article, followed by _si_ 2.; _ro kesi kurui bata_, two pieces +of money; added to _te_, _teke si gula_, a part. + +_kede_, _kekede_ v. tr., to cut, carve, write. + + _kedela_ n., inscription, writing, letter. + +_kedekedea_, _kekedea_, adj., gorgeous, bright-colored. + +_kekerofa_ (_na_) n., of, _amongst_; _ada kekerofana_, choose from +among; _mou kekerofana_, fearful of. + +_keketo_ v. tr., to judge. + + _keketola_ v. n., judgment. + +_keo_ v. i., to be blind; _mwane keo_, a blind man. + +_kete-_ (_gu_) 1. n., head; i _ketena_, on his head. + +_kete_ 2. v. tr., to cut; too _kete_, to cut in pieces. + +_ki_ v. i., to be troubled in mind; _liona kafi ki_, his mind was +troubled. + +_kiki_ v. tr., to pour, + +_kila_ a stone axe. S. _'ile_. + +_kilu_ a hole, grave, well; _kilu ni kafo_, a well of water. S. +_kilu_. + +_kilugwou_ a tomb. S. _kiliqeu_. + +_kirio_ porpoise. Mota _ririgo_. S. _'iri'o_. + +_ko_ 1. verbal particle, used only with _o_ pers. pron. sing. 2. +_oko_; denotes consequence of action, used of present or future +time, + +_ko-_ (_gu_) 2. n., ancestor; _ko gia gi_, our fathers. S. +_kookoo_. + +_kobu_ v. i., to be fat. + + _kobukobula_, adj. fat. + +_koburo_ N. W. wind. Florida _komburo_. + +_kokomu_ an islet. S. _komukomu_. + +_kone_ 1. n. a flood of waters; 2. v. i. to be in flood. S. _kone_. + +_kore_; _ruru kore_, an avalanche. S. _kore_. + +_kua_ fowl; _kakarai kua_, fowl's egg. + +_kubou_ a staff. + +_kudo_; _qae kudona_, guiltless, + +_kukui_ a dog. Mao. _kuri_. + +_kulu_ 1. v. tr., to bury at sea. S. _kulu_. + +_kulu_ 2. cf _kanikulu_. + +_kuru_ 1. a piece, section, _kurui bata_, a piece of money, _ro +kurui doo_, two sections. + +_kuru_ 2. v. i., to be maimed. + +_kuru_ 3. v. i., to sink. + +_kuta_ v. i., to shake. S. _kute_. + + + +L + +_la_ 1. termination of verbal nouns; attached to verbs; _mae_, to +die, _maela_, death; _bae_, to speak, _baela_, speech; the meaning +seems to be gerundival and to denote the act of doing a thing. Cf. +S. _la_ 5. + +_la_ 2. termination of the verbal nouns, attached to certain nouns; +_te_, mother, _ro mwai telana_, mother and daughter; attached to +verbs; _tasa_, _ro fe tasala_, twice as much. + +_la_ 3. adjectival ending; attached to verbs; _taga_, to be +scattered, _tagala_, promiscuously; _tagalo_, to be lost, +_tagalola_, lost; _teo_, _teteola_; attached to nouns, _mwai_, +_mwaila_. + +_labu_ v. tr., to assault. S. _rapu_. + +_labua_ n., point, prick, splinter. + +_lada_ v. i., to fall down. S. _lada_, + +_lade_ deep water, secure anchorage. S. _lade_. + +_lado_ v. tr., to join, knit; _lado ae_, to follow. + + _ladola_ v. n., a member. + +_lafi_, _lalafi_ v. v. tr., to take up, pull up, draw out, Mota +_lav_. + +_lafu_ 1. v. tr., to pull, to wrench, pluck. + +_lafu_ 2. to be worn out, old; _lafue toongi_, old clothes. S. +_lahu_. + +_lafusi_, _lalafusi_, v. tr., to be ignorant of. + +_lai_ transitive suffix to verb; _tege_, _tegelai_. S. _la'i_. + +_lala_ v. i., to stretch; _lala fonosi_, protect. S. _lala'i_. + +_lalaba_ v. i., to walk about. S. _la'alapa_. + +_lalabata_, court yard. + +_lalago_ v. i., to cling. S. _nanako_. + +_lalano_ the ground immediately above the beach. + +_lalanga_ v. i., to be dry, without coconut milk (of yam puddings), +unleavened; _usu lalanga_ to wipe dry. S. _langa_. + +_lali_ (_na_) 1. n., root, _lali ngado_, to be firmly rooted. + +_lali_ 2. v. tr., to drive. + +_lalao_ v. i., to run. + + _lalaoa_ v. n., a herald. Mota _valago_. + +_lalifu_ (_na_) n. corner. + +_laliqate_ v. i., to make an oration, to preach. + + _laliqatela_ v. n. S. _wale_. + +_lamua_ a dove; _fe lamua_; _ta ro fe lamua_, two doves. + +_langae_, to throw; _langae fou_, to cast stones. + +_langi_ 1. negative, no, not; _e_ may be prefixed; used as negative +particle; _e langi nau gu lea_, I did not go; _si_ may be added, +_nia langi si saea_, he does not know, _e langi nau gu si lea_, I +am not going; _e langi si langi lau_, not again; _langi lau_ no +more; _langi ana_, not existing, lost; _langi ta_, or, if not; _ma +langi_, _ma e langi_, or not, in questions; _lalangi ana_, nothing. + +_langi_ 2. sky, heaven; _ilangi_. S. _langi_. + +_lao_ (_na_) n, in; _lao rodo_, at night; i _laogamu_, _amongst_ +you, in you, _laona maamu_, in your eye. S. _lalo_. + +_laongi_ v. tr., to cross, step over; S. _laongi_. + +_Lau_ 1. name of the language spoken by the coast peoples of Big +Malaita on the artificial Islets off northeast coast, spoken also +at Port Adam on Little Malaita. + +_lau_ 2. adv. again, anew, also; _go_ may be added, _inau lau go_. +S. _lou_. + +_lau_ 3. v. tr., to wrest, abduct; _lau doola_, extortion; _lau +fafi_, to deliver. S. _lau_. + +_lausi_ v. tr., _bae lausit_ to compel. + +_lea lelea_, v. i., to go; _lea fonosi_, to afflict; _lea isuli_, +to follow. + + _leafi_ v. tr., to cause to move. + + _lelea_ v. n., going. + + _leala_ v. n., a herald. S. _lae_. + +_lebelebe_ v. i., to be weak, sick. + + _lebelebela_ v. n., trembling. + +_ledi_ 1. v. tr., to ask a question; _aoe ledi_, to question a +person. + + _ledila_ v. n., questioning. + +_ledi_ 2. v. tr., to abominate, to renounce; _qatiedi_. S. +_leledi_. + +_lelefe_, a dish, bowl, of wood. + +_li_ 1. genitive; _maalimaea_, enemy; _maalitafa_, channel; a +variant of _ni_. + +_li_ 2. transitive suffix to verbs, _mae_, _maeli_. + +_lifo_ (_gu_) n. tooth; _girigiri lifoa_, gnashing of teeth. S. +_niho_. + +_liligali_ (_nau_), prep, all around. S. _lilikeli_. + +_lima_ 1. (_gu_) n. hand, arm. S. _nime_. + +_lima_ 2. numeral, five; _e lima_. S. _lime_. + + _limana_ ordinal, fifth, the fifth time. + +_lingisi_ v. tr., to reverse, turn upwards. S. _lingi_. + +_liqa_, cave, hole. S. _liwe_. + +_liu_, _liliu_ v. i., to ply, come, pass by; _liu idu_, to pass by; +_liliu kali_, to spread; _liu inao fuagamu_, go in front of you. +_liufa_ v. n., an epidemic. S. _liu_. + +_lio_ 1. v. i., to look, seem. + + _lio_ (_gu_) n., appearance. S. _lio_. + +_lio_ 2. (_gu_) n., heart, mind; _lio sarofaia_, harmless; _lio +bukonua_, sorrow; _ro si lio_ double mind; _lio too_, to be wise, +_lio tooa_, _lio_ _toola_, wisdom; _alu te si lio_, to be brave. + +_lita_ (_gu_) n., waist, loins, + +_lo_ adv., there, used with _go_, and _gi_; _ita mai logo_, thence; +_logo_ north west; _na ogule boso logi_, the herd of swine over +there. + +_lobo_ v. i., a lake, pond. S. _lopo_. + +_lofo_ 1 v. i., to jump, to fly; _lofo laongi_, to jump over; _ano +lofo_, dust. + + _lofoi_ v. tr., to assault. S. _loho_. + +_lofo_ 2. (_na_) n, in the neighborhood of, over against, opposite +to; _i lofona fera_, opposite the village. + +_logosi_ v. tr., to incline, bend. S. _lolosi_. + +_lola_ v. i., to drown. + +_lologu_ v. i., to be palsied, crippled. S. _loku_. + +_lolosi_ v. tr., to bend. S. _lolosi_. + +_lolou_ v. i., to make a noise, reverberate. S. _lolou_. + +_loo_ v. i., to be fierce, wild, suspicious. + + _falooi_, to persecute, cause to be wild. S. _loo_. + +_looua_ grass. + +_loulou_ 1. v. i., to be quick; 2. adv., quickly, quick. S. +_lauleu_. + +_loulou_ 3. adj., whole, entire, in one piece. S. _laku_. + +_lu_ contraction for _olu_ three, used to form trial number of +pronoun; _dalu_, _golu_, etc. S. _lu_. + +_luga_ v. i., to loose. + + _lugatai_, _lugataini_ v. v. tr. + + _lugala_ v. n., loosing. S. _luhe_. + +_lui_ v. tr., to forbid, reserve; _alu lui_ to set a taboo mark on. +S. _luu'i_ + +_lukumi_ v. tr., to restrain. + +_lulua_ 1. a stranger, guest. + +_lulua_ 2. a basket of plaited coconut leaf. S. _luelue_. + +_luu_ v. tr., to move, to depart. S. _luu_. + + + +M + +_m_ adjectival prefix; _moi_ broken. + +_ma_ 1. conjunction; _ma ana_, though; _ma ka langi_, or not, in +questions; _ma ta_, but. + +_ma_ 2. adjectival prefix of condition; _madiu_; _matala_. S. _ma_. + +_maa_ 1. (_gu_) n., eye, face, aperture, gate; _i maa_, at the +door, in the courtyard; _gula i maa_, outside; _maana bara_, gate; +_maa too_ (_gu_) to visit; _toongi bono maa_, sackcloth: 2. art. +one, a; _maa ni dara gi_, young men; _fai maae oru qailiu_, the +four winds; _maae dangi_, a day, _maae dangi i fafo_, two days +hence; _maae rodo_, darkness; _maae fera_, a village. S. _maa_. + +_maa_ 3. voc., father; _maa nau_, father. S. _ma'a_. + +_maabala_ to no effect; _rao maabala_, to work unprofitably. S. +_maatala_. + +_maabe_ v. i., to be willing; _mu maabe ni elela_, you were willing +to rejoice. + +_maadara_ (_gu_) n., forehead. S. _dara_. + +_maafu_ v. tr., to cover with wrappings; _maafu maa_, to blindfold. + +_maala_ an ulcer, a sore. + +_maaligwou_ v. i., to be thirsty, _gwou_ 1. + +_maalimaea_ enemy. _mae_. + +_maalitafa_ channel in reef. S. _maalitawa_. + +_maamana_; _ro maamana_, father and son. + +_maasi_ v. tr., to await, expect. + + _maasia_ adj., while. + +_maauugala_ to mock at, used with poss. + +_mabe_ v. i., to be obedient, willing; _manata mabe_, patient. Cf. +_gwarimabe_. + +_mabesi_ v. tr., to correct, rebuke. + +_madafi_ v. tr., to perceive, feel. + +_madalaba_ oven. + +_madiu_ adj., different, other, another, astray; too _madiu gi_, +gentiles, + +_madiua_ 1. exclam. well, I never! 2. adj. different. S. _diu_. + +_mae_, _mamae_ v. i., to die, to be ill, to be numb, to be +eclipsed, of moon. + + _maeli_ v. tr., to die of; _bae maeli_, to condemn to death. + + _maea_ v. n., death, sickness, + + _maela_ (_gu_) v. n., death, danger, + + _maemaefa_ v. n., sickness. S. _mae_. + +_mafo_ v. i., to be healed. Mota _mawo_. + +_magu_ n. clothing; _si magu_. + +_mai_ 1. adv., here, hither, this way; _ita ana mai_, hither; _ita +mai_ logo, thence. S. _mai_, + +_mai_ 2. transitive suffix to verb, ala, _alamai_; _fatola_, +_fatolamai_. S. _ma'i_. + +_makalokalo_ adj., in the early morning, used with locative _i_. + +_makeso_ adj., weak, feeble. + +_Mala_ 1. Malaita; _Mala baita_, Big Malaita; _Mala Tout_, Little +Malaita. + +_mala_ 2. _mala iteite_ v. tr., to wound. Cf. S. _mala masi_. + +_malefo_ shell money, + +_malengai_ coconut, + +_malimali_ adj., sweet. S. _malimeli_. + +_malingi_ adj., split, overturned. S. _malingi_. + +_mamagu_; v. i. _bae mamagu_, to revile. + +_mamagua_ n., weakness, + +_mamaloni_ adv., only, merely, + +_mamalu_ 1.(_gu_) n., a shadow; 2. v. i., to cast a shadow; _sato e +mamalu_, it is towards evening. S. _mamalu_. + +_mamana_ v. i., to be true, real; _doo mamana_, truly; _manata +mamana_, to believe. + + _mamanaa_ truly. + +_mamanaa_ n., power. S. _nanama_. + +_mana_ used of numerals over ten; _aqala mana fai_. U. _mana_. + +_manata_ 1. v. i., to think; _manata suli_ to know; _manata luga_, +to for- give; _manata too_ (_gu_) to remember. + + _manatai_ v. tr. to pity. + + _manataila_ v. n., 1. pity, mercy; 2. thought. S. _manata_. + +_manata_ 2. v. i., to be quiet, tame. S. _manata_. + +_mani_; _qaimani_, to help; _qaimani fainau_, help me; _fatake +qaimani_, to be a peacemaker. + + _qaimania_, v. n., a company. S. _mani_. + +_manu_ bird. S. _manu_. + +_manga_ time, occasion, place; _i kade manga_, at the time; _i kade +manga_ _na_, now; _si manga uta_, when? + +_mangata_ (_na_) n., midst, middle; used with loc. _i_. S. +_matanga_. + +_mangisingisi_ adj., broken in pieces. _ngi_. + +_mango_ (_gu_) n. life, breath; _mango fu_, to be sad; _mango suu_, +to faint. + + _mangoli_ v. tr., to breathe upon. S. _mango_. + +_mao_ 1. v. i., to dance. 2. n., a dance. + + _maoli_ v. tr., to dance; _maoli mao_. S. _mao_. + +_mara-_ (_gu_) n. of own accord, alone. S. _maraa_. + +_maraqai_; _alu maraqai_, to become red and glowering, of sky. + +_marigo_ (_gu_) n. flesh, body. + +_matafa-_ (_na_) n., _too matafana_, to know. S. _mataqa_. + +_matai_, _mamatai_ v. i., to have ague; _matai afedali_, fever. + + _mataia_ v. n., disease, a sick person; _si mataia_. + +_matala_ adj., lone, alone, merely; _tefe mwela matala_, only son. + +_matanga_ (_na_) n., midst, used with locative; _i mangata_. + +_me_ for _mai_ hither; _lea fasi me_, come here, + +_mea_ 1. (_gu_) n. tongue; 2. v. i., _mea_ too, to taste of. + + _meali_ v. tr., to lick. + + _meafa_ (_na_) v. n., tongue; _meafana ere_, tongues of fire. S. + _mea_. + +_meme_ in pieces; _too meme_ to break in pieces. + +_mi_ 1. personal pron. pl. 1. excl. we; used by itself as subj. or +follows _gami_. + +_mi_ 2. transitive suffix to verb; _ano_, _anomi_. + +_midi_ v. i., to taste; _midi odonga ana_, to taste of. + +_mode_ v. tr. to mend, patch. + + _modela_ v. n., a patch. + +_moi_ adj., broken. S. _'o'i_. + +_moko_, _momoko_ 1. v. i., to be corrupt, to smell; 2. n., +corruption. + + _mokola_ v. n., corruption; + + _mokofa-_ (_na_) v. n., the smell of. + +_molagali_ n., all the islands; the world, + +_momoi_ v. tr. to buffet; _afe e momoia na ola_, the wind buffeted +the ship. + +_momoko_; _momoko ia_, breast, bosom. + +_mone_ adv., gives life to the narrative; _tamone_; _otomone_. + +_mori_, _momori_, as _mouri_, to live. Cf. S. _moli_, _walaimoli_, +_mauri_. + +_morumoru_ v. i., to be broken in pieces. S. _morumoru_. + +_mou_, _momou_, v. i., to fear. + + _mouni_ v. tr. + + _moumoula_ v. n., fear. S. _mau_. + +_mouli_ to be left-handed, awkward. S. _mauli_. + + _moumouli_ (_gu_) n., left hand. + +_mouri_, _momouri_ v. i., to live. + + _mourisi_ v. tr., to survive, escape from. + + _mouria_ v. n., life. + + _mourila-_ (_gu_) v. n., life. S. _mauri_. + +_mousi_ v. tr., to cut off, sever. S. _mousi_. + +_mu_. 1. pers. pron. pl. 2. used by itself as subj. or follows +_gamu_; _mu kafi lea mai i angita_, when will you come? + +_mu_. 2. pronoun, suff. to nouns, sing. 2., thy. + +_mumudi_ crumb, chip, scrap; _mumudi i doo_, scraps. + + + +MW + +_mwaa_ snake. S. _mwaa_. + +_mwaela_ laughter. _famwaela_. + +_mwaemwae_ v. i., to be obedient. S. _mwae_. + +_mwai_ 1. a bag; + + _mwaila_ adj., rich. S. _mwa'i_. + +_mwai_ 2. prefix marking reciprocity of relationship; _ro mwai +telana_, mother and child; _ro mwai fungona geni_, mother and +daughter-in-law; used as plural article, _mwai asi nau_, brethren. +S. _mwai_. + +_mwaimwane_, woman's brother, man's sister, _a mwaimwane nau_. + +_mwaluda_ adj., soft, gentle, kind, possible, easy. + +_mwane_, a male, man, boy, exclam. you! added to proper nouns and +to certain other words to show sex distinction. S. _mwane_. + +_mwaomwao_ v. i., to be weak, feeble. + +_mwela_, child, boy, person; used with article _ni_ of women; _ni +mwela ne_, this woman; _mwela bibiu_, little child. S. _mwela_. + +_mwemwedua_ honey. + + + +N + +_na_ 1. definite article, a, the; used with both sing. and pl.; +_gera na Grekia_, the Greeks. Cf. Florida _na_. M. L. p. 524: _na +noni_, the body; _na sasigamu_, your brethren; is in more frequent +use than the corresponding _nga_ in Sa'a; in many cases nouns are +used without any article when the signification is general. S. +_nga_. + +_na_ 2. pronoun suffixed to nouns, sing. 3; _abana_, his hand: +added to the first of two nouns to express a genitive; i _tolona +fera_, on the tops of the hills; _gwauna na ai gi_, head of men: +added to cardinals to form ordinals. S. nd, Mota _na_. + +_na_, _nana_ 3. demonstrative pron., there, that, follows noun; _si +doo na_, that thing. + +_na_, _nana_ 4. adv. follows the verb and denotes a preterite, +already, finished; _e sui na_, _e sui nana_, it is finished; _sui +na_, thereafter. + +_naga_ v. tr., to waste, to spend. + +_namo_, inner harbour, lake, pool; _suu i namo_; _asi namo_ a lake. +S. _namo_. + +_nana_, _na_ 3. 4. + +_nani_, _nanani_, v. i., to seek for. + + _nanisi_ v. tr. + +_nao_ (_gu_) n. face; with locative _i_; in front of, before; _naoe +gula_, first place; _i naogu_, before my face; before my time, +_naonao tolia_, chief portion at a feast. + +_nao_ v. i., to lead; _nao tala_, lead the way; _eta inao_, to +lead. S. _nao_. + + _naofa_ (_na_) n. eldest, first, _naofana mwela_, eldest child, + _naofe mwela_. + +_nare_ 1. v. tr., to roast on the embers. + +_nare_ 2. v. tr., to prepare, make ready, serve, wait upon. + +_nau_ 1. pers. pron. sing. 1. I, used by itself as subj. or follows +_inau_; _nau gu ote nau ni_ lea, I do not want to go. V. _nau_. + +_nau_ 2. as _nau_ 1. but suff. as obj. to verbs and prepositions. + +_nau_ 3. _fanau_ educate. S. _nanau_. + +_ne_ 1. demonstrative, there, that; _a mwela ne_, that person, he. + +_ne_ 2. interrogative pron. follows the interrogative _ati_, who; +_ati ne_? _e uta ne_, how is it? + +_ne_ 3. v. i., to speak, make a sound. + +_nee_ v. i., to be still, silent. + +_nena_ demonstrative pron., that, follows the noun; _doo nena_, +that thing. + +_neneo_ charcoal. + +_ni_ 1. genitive, of, belonging to; (a) used mainly in +construction; _fote ni fera_, a native paddle; _baea ni sugela_, +words of deceit, _mwemwedua ni lalano_, wild honey; (b) expressive +of purpose, _si gula ni lea inia_, a place for him to go to; (c) +expressive of condition, _rosuli ni manatai gami_, hear us in +mercy, _gera mou ni oli_, they feared to return; _fasia muka manata +ni bae uri_, think not to say thus; (d) added to verbal suffix +giving transitive force _foaa_, _foaataini_. S. _ni_. Cf. M. L. p. +532. + +_ni_ 2. personal article used with the names of females, both +native and foreign; _ni Alida_, also used with certain nouns which +denote women where in Sa'a _nga_ or _a_ is used, _ni te nau_, my +mother; _ni mwaimwane_, a man's sister or a woman's brother; _ni +aia_, female relations; _ni doo_ the woman; _ni mwela ne_, that +woman; is not used with _afe_ wife, nor with _geni_ female; is not +used with plural. Duke of York _ne_, M. L. p. 566, _Gilb_. Is. +_nei_, Efate _lei_, S. _kei_. + +_ni_ 3. interrogative used to (a) call attention; _ni ai_? I say, +you! (b) in the sense of, is that so? S. _ni_. + +_ni_ 4. demonstrative attached to _ta_, one, a; _tani aiai_, some +people; to _oto_; _tani oto ni saiai_. S. _ni_ 3. + +_ni_ 5. a detachable prefix; _doo nifai_, _doo ifai_, what thing? +S. _ni_ 4. + +_ni_ 6. transitive suffix to verbs; _mou_, _mouni_. S. _ni_. + +_ni_ 7. pers. pron. sing, 3. it, used in explanation; _na light +fuana noni ni maa_, the light of the body is the eye; _e uta ro si +lio ni amu_, why are you of two minds? + +_ni_ 8. suff. pron. pl. 3. neut; _i talani_, in their place. S. +_ni_. + +_nia_ personal pronoun sing. 3. he, she, it; used by itself as +subj, or follows _inia_. S. _nge'ie_. + +_niania_ v. tr., to deny, repudiate. + +_nifai_ interrog. pron. what, follows noun; _doo nifai_, what +thing? + +_nima_, _ninima_ 1. (_gu_) n. hand, arm; _ninimana tala_, corner of +the way, beside the way. S. _nime_. + +_nima_ 2. for _lima_ five. + +_nina_ v. i. to be accustomed to, be able. S. _nina_. + +_noabu_ sparrow hawk. + +_noni_ (_gu_) n. body, shape, fashion; _noni fii_, to suffer; _noni +fiila_ v. n., suffering; _nonilau_, to be safe and sound. Mao +_tino_. + +_nono_ v. i., to place the face against, to sniff, to kiss; _nono +faini_, to kiss. + + _nonoi_ v. tr. S. _nono_. + +_nue_ v. i., to be foolish, dumb. + + _nuela_ v. n., folly. + +_nui_ (_na_) n. a nest. S. _niui_. + +_nuku_ v. i., to be wrinkled. S. _nuku_. + +_nunulu_ v. i., to wither. S. _nunulu_. + + + +_NG_ + +_ngado_ 1. v. i., to be firm; _ngado fua_, to trust, _manata ngado +ana_, to rely on; _too ngado_, to remain firm. + +_ngado_ 2. i _aena ngado_, at the very bottom. S. _i ngadona aena_, +at his feet. + +_ngae_ (_na_); _adala i ngaena maa_, envy. S. _ngae_. + +_ngaini_ transitive suffix to verb; saw, _saungaini_. S. _nga'ini_. + +_ngali_ 1. v. tr., to take, to receive. + + _ngalila_ v. n., burden. + +_ngali_ 2. canarium nut. S. _ngali_. + +_ngangarea_ adj., deep rooted. + +_ngasi_ v. i., to be firm, hard; _bae ngasi_, to speak sternly. +Florida _ngasi_, hard. + +_ngi_ 1. v. tr., to divide; _mangisingisi_. + +_ngi_ 2. transitive suffix to verb; _sau_, _saungi_. S. _ngi_. + +_ngidu_ (_gu_) n., lip; _ngidu auau fua_, to hate. S. _ngidu_. + +_ngisi_; _fangisi_, to acknowledge. + +_ngisu_ 1. v. i., to spit; 2. n. _fe ngisu_, spittle. + + _ngisufi_ v. tr., to spit on. S. _ngisu_. + +_ngosa_ v. i., to bud; _ngosa faolu_, just come into bud. + +_ngongosa_, a spike, a horn; _ngongose doo_. + +_ngu_ 1. v. i., to sing; 2. n. a song. + + _nguli_ v. tr., to sing; _ngulia ngu_, to sing a song. + + + +O + +_o_ pers. pron. sing. 2. thou, used by itself as subj. or follows +_ioe_. S. _o_. + +_oa_ v. i. to share in. + + _oalangai_ v. tr., to distribute, to share in. S. _'oa_. + +_oba_ v. tr., to take from, separate, divide. S. _opa_. Florida +_sopa_. + + _obala_ v. n. separation. + +_odonga_; _midi odonga_, to taste. S. _ohonga_. + +_odu_ v. tr., to command, order. + +_oe_ 1. an axe. + +_oe_ 2. v. i. to commit adultery. + + _oela_ v. n., adultery. + +_ofosi_ v. tr., to take down. S. _oohosi_. + +_ofu_ 1. v. i., together; _ofu bae_, to witness; 2. n. _ofu si +doo_, a bundle. + +_ofu_ 3. v. i., to boil; _ofu duqet_ to burst. S. _ohu_. + +_oga_ (_gu_) n., stomach, belly. S. _'oqa_. + +_ogi_ (_gu_) 1. n., bone. + +_ogi_ (_gu_) 2. n., back, outside, + +_ogila_ a bone needle. + +_ogo_ a band, a creeper used for binding. S. _oko_. + +_ogosi_ v. tr., to destroy, pull down, uproot. S. _ooho'i_. + +_ogu_ 1. v. i., to collect, gather together; _ogu malefola_, money +collecting; 2. adv., together, in company. + + _ogua_ v. n., company. + + _ogula_ v. n., _ogule ai_, a company of people. + +_oi_ v. tr., to break off. S. _'o'i_. + +_oimae_ exclam. alas! + +_okasa_ unripe; _maea okasa_, sudden death. + +_oku_ summer. S. _oku_. + +_ola_ canoe, ship. S. _'iola_. + +_ole_ v. tr., to betray; _ole ilalo_ deceit. + +_oli_ 1. v. tr., to hold in the arms. + +_oli_ 2. v. tr., to return, go back; adv. back. S. _'oli_. + + _olila_ v. n., return. + + _olisi_ v. tr., to answer; _nia kafi olisida_, then he answered + them. + + _olitai_ partic. converted; _olitai manata lau_, repent. + +_olisusu_ v. i., to strive, quarrel, dispute, transgress; _olisusu +marana_, to deny himself. + +_olo_ 1. v. i., to be deep. + +_olo_ 2. v. i., to cry out. + + _olosi_ v. tr.; _olosia riilana_, cried out. + +_olu_ numeral, three, _e olu_. + + _oluna_ ordinal, third, for the third time. S. _'olu_. + +_omae_ v. i., to weep. + + _omaea_ v. n., _omaela_ v. n., wailing. Cf. _oimae_. + +_onionga_, to mock, used with poss.; _onionga ana_, mocked him. + +_ono_ numeral, six; _e ono_. + + _onona_ ordinal, sixth, for the sixth time. S. _ono_. + +_ongataini_ v. tr., to vex, annoy, + +_ongiongi_ v. tr., to deceive. + +_oo_ a drum. S. _'o'o_. + +_oobala_ a shed, hut. + +_oofa-_ (_na_) approaching to, with child. + +_ooga_ v. tr., to be tied together, to incur a debt. + + _ooganga_ v. n., debt. + +_oolo_ v. i., to be straight; adj. straight. + + _ooloa_ v. n., straightness. + +_ooni_ adv., temporary, empty, idle, naked; _too ooni go_, +fleeting. + +_ore_ v. i., to fail, to fall short of, to lack; _ore fanga_, to +abstain from eating, fast; _ore fua_ to be lacking; _ore ana_, to +be lacking; _ani ore_, to eat and leave some over. S. _ore_. + +_oro_ v. i., to be many; adj. many. _faoroa_. + +_oru_ 1. v. i., to blow; n. wind. S. _ooru_. + +_oru_ 2. widow; _qe oru_, a widow. + +_oso_ (_gu_) n. food for a journey. S. _oto_. + +_ote_ 1. plural article; _ote ai gi_, you women; _ote ruana_ his +fellows; _ote geni_ women. + +_ote_ 2. v. tr., to fash, cause ennui to; _gera ote gera_, it +wearied them. + +_ote_ 3. valley. + +_oto_ adv. perhaps; _oto mone_, is it so? denotes indefiniteness, +used with _ni_ following, _tani oto ni saiai_, certain persons. + +_otofa-_ (_na_) because of, on account of. + + + +Q + +The sound represented by _q_ is _kw_. In the words from Alite given +by Dr. Codrington in M. L., p. p. 39 ff. the sound which appears in +Lau as _q_ is there written as _ku_; e. g. _kuai_, Lau _qai_, Sa'a +_wai_, water; _q_ in Lau may represent _w_ in _Sa'a qato_, _waato_; +_qalu_, _walu_; _Ulaqa_, _Ulawa_. + +_qadangi_ v. tr., to open up. + +_qae_ 1. v. tr., to beat, strike; _qae mousi_, to strike and cut +off; _qae maeli_ to kill with blows. + +_qae_; 2. _qae tafusi_, to strain. + +_qae_; 3. _qae kudona_, guiltless. + +_qai_ 1. prefixed to verbs, denotes reciprocity; _sua_, to +encounter, _qaisuasuafi_, to meet; _manata_, to think, +_qaifamanatai_ to instruct; _liu_ to move position, _qailiu_ +reciprocally; _mani_, (Sa'a _mani_, altogether), _qaimani_, to +stand together, be of help to. The action of the original verb is +enlarged and the subject included. + +_qai_ 2. n., water; _maana qai_, mouth of the stream, a harbor on +the northeast coast, south of Aio. + +_qai_ 3. v. tr., to load, to fill up. + +_qaiara_ n., a command. + +_qaiaraa_ n., reward. + +_qaidori_ v. tr., to desire. + + _qaidoria_ v. n., desire. _dori_. + +_qaiduu_ v. tr., to revenge. + + _qaiduula_ v. n., vengeance. _duu_. + +_qaierisi_ v. tr., to command, importune. + + _qaierisia_ v. n., a command. _erisi_. + +_qaifamanatai_ v. tr., to instruct. + + _qaifamanataila_ v. n., instruction. _manata_ + +_qaife_; _qaife agalo_ to drive out evil spirits; _mwane qaife +agalo_ a witch doctor. + +_qailangaini_ v. tr., to wag, nod, waive. _langa_, up. + +_qailiu_ adv., reciprocally, used of mutual action; _manata baita +fuagamu_, _qailiu_, love one another; _lea qailiu_, to walk about. +_liu_. + +_qailiua_ adj., humble, of low estate. + +_qaimaasi_ v. tr., to await, expect. _maasi_. + +_qaimanata_ v. tr., to have mercy upon, pity. + + _qaimanataia_ v. n., mercy. _manata_. + +_qaimani_ 1. v. tr., to help; _qaimani fai_, _qaimani faini_, to +help; 2. used as prep., together, in company with; 3. v. i., to be +reconciled with. + + _qaimania_ with one accord. S. _mani_. + +_qairaofai_ v. i., to agree with. _rao_ to work. + +_qaisagali_ v. tr., to revolt, commit insurrection, take up arms, +trouble,vex. + + _qaisagalia_ v. n., an insurrection. + +_qaisuasuafi_ v. tr,, to meet, encounter. _sua_. + +_qaisusu_ v. tr., to sacrifice. + + _qaisusia_ v. n., a sacrifice. + +_qaitaa_ v. i., to be a stranger; _too ni qaitaa_, to be a +stranger. S. _awataa_. + +_qaitaga_ v. tr., to cause to scatter. + +_qaitali_ v. tr., to be disobedient to. + +_qala_ v. i., to lay an accusation; _qala fafi_, to accuse a +person. + +_qalafi_ v. tr., to be delivered of a child. + +_qalu_, 1. numeral, eight; _e qalu_. + + _qaluna_, ordinal, eighth, for the eighth time. + +_qalu_ 2. v. i., to emerge; _qalu tafa_, to emerge from. S. _waru_. + +_qanga_ n., thunder, a gun. + + _qangafi_ of the lightning; _sinamaaru ka qanagafia_, the + lightning 'thundered.' + +_qangareo_ v. i., to pass by. + +_qaqalifola_ v. i., to be pure, clean, _fotoqaqalifola_, a great +calm. + +_qaqalila_ adj., cold, of the weather. + +_qaqaoa_ adj., white, clean. + +_qarao_ a creeper used for tying; an iron nail. S. _wa'arao_. + +_qare_ v. tr., to castrate. + +_qarela_ adj., stony. + +_qate_ v. i., to make an oration, is preceded by _lali_; +_laliqate_, to make an oration; _lali qatela_ v. n., an oration. S. +_wale_. + +_qato_ a digging stick. S. _waato_. + +_qe_ 1. article; _qe afe_, a woman; _qe oru_, a widow; _qe ia_, a +fish; _na_ may be prefixed; _na qe ia gi_, the fishes. Nengone, +Gaua, _wa_, _we_, M. L., p. 71. + +_qe_ 2. a simpleton, fool; _gera qe_, fools, + +_qele_, _qeqele_, v. i., used with poss., to wonder at, be +surprised. + + _qelela_ v. n., wonderment, surprise. + +_qesu_, _qeqesu_ v. i., 1. to smoulder, burn; 2. to shine. S._'eso_ + +_qiqi_ n., a drop; _qiqisi abu_, drops of blood. + + + +R + +_raa_ v. i., to climb up.; + +_raaraa_ n., light, sunlight; _na raaraa_. S. _raaraa_. + +_rabu_, _rarabu_, _rabusi_, v. tr., to hit, strike, beat. S. _rapu_ + +_rade_ n., a reed; _fe rade_. S. _rade_. + +_rafai_ v. tr., to exalt, elevate. + +_rage_ (_gu_) n., mind, heart, womb; _rage ruarua_, v. i., to +doubt; _rage sasu_, to be angry; _rage sasua_, _rage sasula_, +anger. + +_rakaraka_; _abu rakaraka_, a flow of blood. + +_ramo_ v. i., to be strong; _ramofua_, to deliver. + + _ramola_ v. n., strength. S. _ramo_. + +_rao_, _rarao_ v. tr., to work; _rao ana abana_, his handiwork; +_rao uri_, to do like, to work at, to tend. + + _raoa_ v. n., _raola_ v. n., work. + +_rara_ 1. v. i., to be withered, ripe. + + _rarasi_ v. i., to shrivel, dwindle. S. _rara_. + +_rara_ 2. n., brightness, glory. S. _rara_. + +_rarafolo_, stretched across, a crosspiece; _ai rarafolo_, a cross +(late use). S. _lala'i_. + +_rarangia_ adj., glorious. + +_raramaa_ v. i., to be excessive. S. _raramaa_. + +_rarao_ v. i., to stick, cling, cleave. S. _rarao_. + +_rarapu_ v. i., to reach, arrive at. S. _arapu_. + +_rarata_ a skull. S. _rarata_. + +_rarau_ v. tr., to kindle, light. + +_raunga_ weapons. + +_rauraua_ adj., soft, pliable. + +_rebo_ v. i., to be full grown, adult, old. S. _repo_. + +_reqeta_ v. tr., to open. + +_rereba_ v. i., to be broad, wide, + +_reresi_; _age reresi_, a lily, Crinum asiaticum. + +_rigi_ v. tr., to see. + +_rigita_ v. i., to be strong, firm. _rigita fasi_, to overcome. + + _rigitangaini_ v. tr., to do powerfully. + +_rii_, _riirii_, to cry out; _olosia riilana_, cried out. S. _rii_, +cicada. + +_ro_ 1. v. tr., _ro suli_, to obey, listen to. + +_ro_ 2. numeral, two, used only in composition; forms part of pers. +pronoun _goro_, etc.; _ro si doo_, two things; _e ro mwane_, two +men. S. _ro_. + +_ro_ 3. numeral, two, used with nouns of relationship; _ro mamana_; +_ro mwai sasina_. + +_ro_ 4. ending of pers. pronoun _daro_; _gamoro_. _ro_ 2. + +_rodo_ night; _fe rodo_, a night; _rodo fi dao_, till nightfall. S. +_rodo_. + +_rogi_ yesterday; used with locative _i_, _i rogi_. + +_rongo_; _fafurongo_, v. i., to listen to, to be a disciple; n. a +disciple. S. _qaarongo_. + +_rorodoa_ adj., dark, used also as n., darkness. _rodo_. + +_roroi_ v. tr., to strengthen. S. _roro'i_. + +_rua_ numeral, two; _e rua_. S. _rua_. + + _ruana_ ordinal, second, second time; _gera ruana gera_, their + fellows. + + _ruarua_, _tan ruarua_, to be midway. + +_ruru_ (_gu_) 1. n. bosom, breast. + +_ruru_; 2. _ruru kore_, an avalanche. S. _ruru kore_. + +_ruta_ n. dialect. + +_ruu_ v. i., to enter. + + _ruula_ v. n., entry. + + + +S + +_sae_ 1. v. tr., to say, speak, tell, read; _sae isingana_, to +finish speaking. + + _saetana_, it is said. S. _sae_. + +_sae_ 2. adv. that, in reported speech. + +_saea_ adv. in order that, that so; _saea o lea mai fuana_, is it +that you have come for this? denotes the subjunctive, + +_safali_ v. tr., to be equipped with. + +_saga_ v. i., to proceed; _saga tafa_ to proceed out of. + +_sagali_, _sasagali_, v. tr., to attack. + +_sai_ 1. n., place, duty, piece; _sai i nonigu_, my duty; _sai oe_, +your duty; with _ai_ 1. _sai ai na_, that one I mean; _tani saiai_, +those which, in explanations. + +_sai_; 2. _sai gano_, on the ground. S. _hai_. 2. + +_saitama_ (_gu_) v. tr., to know; _gu langi si saitamana_, I do not +know; _saitama dooa_, knowledge. + +_sako_ v. tr., to catch. Mota _sakau_. + +_salo_ n. cloud, storm; _salo uruuru_, white fleecy cloud. + + _saloa_ adj., stormy. S. _salo_. + +_salofi_ v. tr., to prepare, clear a path, sweep. + +_samai_ v. tr., to fit on, to pair with. S. _sama_. + +_samola_ n. pride, overbearing, + +_sangoni_ v. tr., to feed, nourish. S. _sangoni_. + +_sao_ sago palm, thatch. S. _sa'o_. + +_sara_ beach, shore. + +_sarii_ a maiden; _geni sarii_; _too ni sarii_, to be unmarried. + +_sarofaia_ adj., gentle; harmless, blameless; _too sarofaia_, +quiet, + +_sarufi_ v. tr., to burn. + +_sasala_ adv., up, upwards; adj. light. S. _sa'asala_. + +_sasalu_ v. i., to start, arise. + + _sasalungaini_ v. tr., to collect, make ready. + +_sasara_ 1. (_gu_) n., limb, branch, member. S. _sasara_. + +_sasara_ 2. v. i., to warm oneself at a fire, + +_sasi_ 1. (_gu_) n., brother, sister; _sasigu_, my brother. + + _sasina_ n., of relationship; _ro mwai sasina_, two brothers. + S. _'asi_. + +_sasi_ 2. to desire, used with _fua_; _sasi fua_, to desire; _sasi +diena fua_, to love a person. + +_saso_ sun. + + _sasoai_ v. tr., to expose to the sun, dry. S. _sato_. + +_sasu_ 1. v. i., to smoke, of a fire. 2. n., smoke; _rage sasu_, to +be angry; _rage sasua_, anger. S. _sasu_. + +_sata_ (_gu_) n., name; _te satana_, his name only; _ati satamu_, +what is your name? with pers. pronoun, friend; _sata nau_, my +friend. + + _sasata_ v. i., to be friendly with. S. _sata_. + +_sau_ 1. v. i., to kill; _sau mwane_, to commit murder; _sau +mwanea_, murder. + + _saungi_ v. tr., to kill, to be ill of. S. _sau_. + +_sau_ 2. v. i., to become; _sau ana mwane_, to become man. + +_saufini_ 1. v. tr., to turn away, to hide. 2. adv. secretly, + +_saulafi_ evening. S. _saulehi_. + +_saumala_ adv., granted that, even supposing. + +_saungaini_ v. tr., to make, construct. + +_se_ n., here: used with locative _i_; _i se_, at the place; _i +sena_, at that place, there. + +_seka_, _seseka_, v. tr., to rend, tear. + +_sesele_ harlot. + +_si_ 1. negative, not; _gu si saea_, I do not know; _langi_ may +precede, _gu langi si saea_; _e langi nau gu si lea_, I am not +going; follows the particles _ka_, _ko_. + +_si_ 2. article, a part, a piece, any; _si fou_, a stone; _si +mangs_, _uta_, what time? _na_ may be prefixed, _na si baea taa +ne_, what words? _si doo gu saea na_, the thing (that which) I +said; _a _si Eaea_, the Word; is more definite and particular in +meaning than _na_. U. _masi_. + +_si_. 3. trans. suff. to verbs; _ada_, _adasi_. + +_si_. 4. genitive; _ofu si doo_, bundles. + +_sie-_ (_gu_) n. used as preposition, to, towards, at, at the house +of; _lea go siena_, go to him; _siena ere_, at the fire. S. _sie_. + +_sifo_ v. i., to go down; _o sifo go_; you go down. S. _siho_. + +_sikeraini_, v. tr., to free from, cast off. S. _sikera'ini_. + +_siko_ locust. + +_sina_, _sinasina_, v. i., to shine; _fe bubulu sinasina_, a bright +star, n. light; _sinasinana_, its light. Mota _singa_. + +_sinali_, moon, month. + + _sinalitaini_, v. tr., to enlighten. S. _sineli_ moonlight, + +_sinamaaru_ n., lightning; _sinamaaru ka qangafia_, the lightning +'roared.' + +_sinatai_ v. tr., to keep from, beware of, guard. + +_siqa_ numeral, eight; _e siqa_. + + _siqana_ ordinal, eighth, the eighth time. S. _siwe_. + +_siramo_ used with prep. _fua_, _fonosi_, to resist, compel. S. +_ramo_. + +_sisime_ a gnat. S. _sime_. + +_siu_ 1. v. i., to wash, bathe; _siu abu_, to baptize. + + _siufi_ v. tr. + + _siula_ v. n., washing, bathing. + +_siu_, _sisiu_ 2. v. i,, to be conceived. + +_soe_, _sosoe_, v. i., to call out, v. tr., to ask for, name; _soea +satana_, ask his name. + + _soefataia_, ecclesia, church (late use). + +_sofi_ v. tr., to find. + + _sofili_ v. tr., to collect, choose. S. _so'ohi_. + +_sogoni_ v. tr., to gather, reap. + + _sogonila_ v. n., gather, reap. Mota. _sogon_. + +_soi_, _sosoi_, v. tr., to call; _soi ledi_, to question. S. _soi_. + +_sua_; 1. _qaisuasuafi_, to meet. S. _su'e_. + +_sua_, _suasua_ 2. n., dung; _suasuae ano_, dung, + +_subi_ a club. S. _supi_. + +_suda_ v. i., to root, of pigs. S. _sude_. + +_sufi_ v. tr., to anoint, to rub, to shave with a razor. S. _suhi_. + +_suge_, _susuge_ v. tr., to deceive; _suge fafi_, to accuse; _qalaa +susuge_, to accuse falsely. + +_suli_ (_nau_) prep., after, according to, used of motion towards; +the locative _i_ may precede. S. _suli_. + +_sulitalaa_ adj., safe, free. + +_sulu_ n., oil, liquid. S. _sulu_. + +_sulufou_ 1. mound of rocks, stone wall; _ui sulufou_, to build a +mound (for a tomb). + +_Sulufou_ 2. an artificial islet near Ataa Cove, North Malaita. + +_sunga_, _sungaini_, _sungataini_ v. tr., to affirm, maintain, +persuade, + +_sungi_ v. i., to make a noise, be glad. + + _sungia_ v. n., a cry, a noise. + +_Suraina_ artificial islet South of Ataa Cove; original home of +Lau-speaking people in Port Adam. + +_surakena_; _bae surakena_, to prompt, _susu_ (_gu_) 1. n., breast, +2. v. i., to suck the breast, to have children at the breast. S. +_susu_. + +_susu_ 3. v. i., to be firm; _susu too_, to be steadfast. S. +_susu_. + +_susu_ 4. v. i., to stretch out; _susu aba_, stretch out the arm. +S. _susu_. + + _susui_ v. tr., to touch with the fingers, to set on a stick. + +_susubi_ n. a dry stick, a horn (late use). + +_susuli_ v. tr., to know, understand, be aware of; _ati susulia_, +who knows? I can't say. + +_susia_, adj. unfruitful, not bearing fruit. + +_suu_ 1. a harbour. S. _su'u_. + +_suu_ 2. used with prep, _fafi_; _suu fafi_, to clothe, cover. + + _suula_ v. n., clothing, cloak. + +_suu_ 3. v. i., to set, of heavenly bodies, to dive, go down, sink. + + _suula_ v. n., a setting. S. _suu_. + + + +T + +_ta_ 1. numeral; one, a certain one, at all; just, only, _eta_ one; +used as article, a, an, _ta si fou_, one rock; _na tasi fou_, one +rock; _ta sala nia_, a friend of his; _ta si doo_, anything; _ta +ola lau_, a different canoe; _ta bali aba_, one hand, the other +hand; _e langi si suu ana ta toongi_, not clothed in any clothing; +_ta sasina ta ai_, a man's brother; _ta ro ai_, only two people; +used with the numerals, _ta ro si lio_, two minds; _ta ro tangale_ +penny, two hundred pence; may precede _fe_, _tefuana ta fe uo_, +every hill; _ta ro fe lamua_, just two doves; _ni_ may be added, +_ta ni aiai_, some other. S. _ta'a_; Rotuma _ta_; cf. Florida, +_sakai_, M. L. p. 524. Wango _ta_ M. L. p. 511. + +_ta_ 2. adv. connects, resumes narrative, and, then. + +_ta_ 3. ending of verbal noun, seen in root _afuta_ meaning all, +and used only with suff. pron.; _afutagera_, all of them. S. _ta_. + +_ta_ 4. adv. added to _sui_, _sui ta_, thereupon; follows negative +_langi_, _langi ta_, or. + +_ta_; 5. _ta mone_, perhaps. + +_taa_ 1. interrog. pron. what? _si taa na_, what is it? S. _taa_. + +_taa_ 2. v. i., to be bad, evil. + + _taala_ v. n., evil; _ade taala_, evil doing. S. _ta'a_. + +_taba_ with suff. _ani_, _tabaani_, v. tr., to destroy, remove. S. +_tapa_. + +_tae_ v. tr., to lift up. S. _ta'e_. + +_tafa_ adv., out; _bae tafa_, to speak out. + + _tafangaini_ v. tr., _sae tafangaini_, to speak out. S. _taha_. + + _tafangi_ v. tr., to understand; _liona e tafangia_, he + understood it. + +_tafe_, a bed, bench, barn, bier. S. _tahe_. + +_tafi_ v. i., to flee. + + _tafila_ v. n., flight. S. _tahi_. + +_tafo_ 1. v. tr., to catch fish; _tafo ge ia_. + +_tafo_ 2. v. tr., to purchase; + + _tafoa_ v. n., a bought person, servant. S. _taho_. + +_tafua_ dung heap. S. _alilehu_. + +_tafusi_ v. tr., to strain; _gae tafusi_. + +_taga_ 1. v. i., to scatter, throw away. + + _tagaani_ v. tr. + +_taga_ 2. v. tr., to lay out, spread. + +_taga_ 3. v. i., to sprout, burst into leaf. S. _taka_. + +_tagala_ 1. v. i., to be lost. + + _tagalaini_, _tagalangaini_ v. tr., to drive away, cause to be + lost. + + _tagalaa_ adj., promiscuously, _ala tagalaa_, feed here and + there. + +_tagala_ 2. adj., irreverent; _soe tagala_, take one's name in +vain, _tataga_. + +_tagalo_ v. i., to be wandering. + + _tagalola_ adj., overgrown. S. _takalo_. + +_tagaloloa_ n., dust. + +_tagesi_ v. tr., to garnish, decorate, adorn. + +_tai_ 1. numeral, one; _agala mana tai_, eleven; _taifili_, alone. +Wango. _tai_. + +_tai_ 2. v. tr., to mend. + + _taila_ v. n., a patch, seam. + +_tai_ 3. trans. suff. to verb; _goni_, _gonitai_; _olitai_ +participle. + +_taifili_ (_a_) alone; _taifili gera_, they alone. S. _hili_. + +_taini_ trans. suff. to verb; _foaa_, _foaalaini_. S. _ta'ini_. + +_taingaini_ v. tr., to lay up, store up. + +_take_, _tatake_, v. i., to stand; _takefonosi_, to guard. S. +_ta'e_. + +_takedila_ v. tr., to cause to hit, knock. + +_takufi_ v. tr., to receive. S. _takuhi_. + +_tala_ 1. way, path. S. _tala_. + +_tala_ 2. (_gu_) n., place, room; _nao talagu_, lead the way for +me; _roo talai fangala_, work for food. S. _tala_. + +_tala_ 3. with prefix _ma_, _matala_, only, alone. S. _tala_ 4. + +_talaa_ v. i., to shine, of sun. + +_talae_ v. i., to begin, to become; _talae na ne_, from this (that) +time forth. + + _talaela_, v. n., beginning. S. _tala'ae_. + +_talai_, _talani_, partic., wantonly, for no reason. S. _tale'i_. + +_talatala_ v. i., to be diligent. + +_talo_, with prefix _aini_; _ainitalongaini_, to proclaim. S. +_talo_. + +_talu_ v. i., to sprinkle; _talu fafi_. S. _danu_. + +_tama-_ (_gu_), used with _sae_ to know; _nau gu sae tamana_. I +know (it). + +_tani_ some; _tani oto ni saiai_, some people. + +_tangafulu_, numeral, ten, used only in counting; _e tangafulu_. + + _tangafulu ana_ tenth, for the tenth time. S. _tangahulu_. + +_tangalau_ numeral, one hundred; _e tangalau_; _tangale doo_, one +hundred things. S. _tangalau_. + +_taofai_, _tataofai_ v. i., to stumble. + +_taraina_ today, now, bye and bye. + +_tarakaukau_ a bramble. _kakau_. + +_tarau_ v. i., to be continuous, traditional. + + _taraungaini_ v. tr., to do continuously. S. _tarau_. + +_taru_ a chamber. S. _duru_. + +_tasa_ v. i., to be too much, used in comparison; _nia baita tasaa +ana_, it is bigger than it. + + _tasala_ v. n., _ro fe tasala_, twice as much, + + _tasaa_ adj. excessive. + +_tasaliu_ v. i., to be in excess, exceedingly. + +_tata_ adjectival prefix; _tatagwelu_, headlong. S. _tata_. + +_tatabi_; _tatabi i tala_, a bifurcation of the path. + +_tatae_ v. i., to rise, arise; _tatae oli_, _tatae olila_, +resurrection. + + _tataea_ v. n., a getting up, a steep place. S. _ta'e_. + +_tataga_ v. i., _bae tataga_, to speak blasphemously. + + _tatagala_ adj., _bae tatagala_, to speak blasphemously. + +_tatagwelu_ adj., headlong. S. _tataqelu_. + +_tatale_ v. tr., to uncover, reveal. + +_tatao_ v. i., to be flat, on one's back. + +_tau_ 1. v. i., to wash; _tau aba_, to wash hands. + + _taufi_ v. tr. + +_tau_ 2. v. i., to be far off; be a long time; _too ka tau_, _too +ka tau_, for ever and ever. S. _ha'atau_. + +_te_ 1. numeral, one, the same, a certain one; _te ni ai_, a +certain person; _da tefe bae ana te si baela_, they all said the +same thing; _te si na doo_, everything; _te taifilia inia_, he +only; used of units (cf. Sa'a _ata_), _te fiu fe doo_, only seven +things; _te ai ma te ai_, one by one; _too te ai_, singly; +equivalent to and; _te na Mwela_, and the Son. Florida _keha_, one, +Kingsmill _te_, M. L. p. 246. + +_te_ 2. n., mother; _ni te nau_, my mother. + + _telana_, n., of relationship, _ro mwai telana_, mother and + child, wife. S. _teitei_. + +_tea_ v. tr., to utter, speak; _e tea tesi baela nena_, speaking +the same words. S. _tea_. + +_tefe_, _te_ 1. _fe_ 2.; _da tefe bae ana tesi baela_, they all +(only) said the same thing; _tefe mwela matala_, an only son. + +_tefou_ with one accord, together, always. + +_tefua_ adj., irreverently, haphazard. + +_tefliana_ all, every, _ta tefuana tani_ too, all peoples; _te_ 1. +_fu_ + +_tegelai_ partic., lost, dropped. S. _tekela'i_. + +_teo_, _teteo_ v. i., to lie down, sleep; _teo bole_, to dream; +_teo bolea_, _teo bolela_, v. n., dream. + + _teteola_ adj., sleepy; _maada e teteola_, their eyes were + sleepy. + +_teqa_ v. i., to be tall, high. + + _teqala_ adj.; _take teqala_, to stand erect. S. _tewa_. + +_terefi_ v. tr., to move as a fan, to fan. S. _tetere_. + +_tero_ v. i., to be ulcerous, lame, halt, withered. + +_tete_; 1. _manata tete_, to be anxious. + +_tete_; 2. _bubu tete_, to look fixedly. + +_teu_ a wooden bowl, a measure. + +_ti_ interrogative pronoun, sing, who? pl. _gerati_; _ti gera_, one +of them; with pers. article a, _ati gera_, who of them? _ati +satamu_, what is your name? S. _tei_. + +_tobi_ v. tr., to gather, garner; n. a chamber. + +_toda_ v. i., to gain, get, collect; _toda bata_, a tax gatherer. + +_toe_ v. tr., to strike against, to desire; _liona e toea_, he +desired it. + +_tofu_, _totofu_ v. tr., to chop. + + _tofuli_ y. tr., to build, to chop down.S. _tohu_. + +_tokekela_ (_gu_) n., judgment. + +_tolafa_ (_gu_) n., way, method, custom. S. _tolaha_. + +_toli_ down; _ada toli_, look down; _dau tolingi_, to cast down; +_toli fanga_ to fast, _toli fangala_, fasting. + + _tolingi_ v. tr., to apportion, give share to at a feast. + + _tolia_ v. n., a portion at a feast. S. _toli_. + +_tolo_ a hill, the hill country; _toloe fera_, a hill. S. _tolo_. + +_tona_ v. i.; _liona e tona_, he was pricked at the heart, afraid. + +_too_ 1. (_gu_) v. tr., to hit; _sato toona_, the sun struck it; +_too matafana_, to know; _manata toona_, know it; _too ani_, +understand; _too meme_, hit and break in pieces; 2. to possess, +have, _too ai_, to have relations. + + _tooa_ v; n., _lio tooa_, wisdom. + + _toonala_ v. n., _manata toonala_, thought. + +_too_ 3. v. i., to live, dwell, be; _too laulau_, to be whole; _too +salaa_, to be a stranger, _too ka tau_, for ever. S. _'o'o_. + + _toola_ (_gu_) v. n., way, fashion. + +_too_ 4. people, race; _na too_. + +_too_ 5. prefixed to numerals, at a time; _too te ai_, one at a +time. S. _too_. + +_too_ 6. numeral, one thousand. S. _to'o_. + +_toongi_ 1. v. i., to clothe; n., clothes. S. _tooni_. + +_toongi_ 2. v. tr., to pack, load, place. S. _tooni_. + +_toromi_ v. tr., to pierce. S. _toromi_. + +_tosi_ v. tr., to throw away. S. _'asi_. + +_tosiomelamwane_ a parable, proverb. + +_totolo_ v. tr., to raise the voice. S. _totolo_. + +_tou_, _totou_, v. i., to be little; _manata tou_, to make little +of; adj. little; _ni ai tou_, humbly. + + _toula_ v. n., _manata toula_, humility; _toula_ (_gu_) in + youth. + +_toula-_ (_na_), i _toulana asi_, on the surface of the sea. + + + +U + +_ua_ adv., still, yet; _ua mai inao_, from of old; _e mae ua na_, +already dead; _ua mai ana lua_, from the time of the flood, _ua +inao_, old, aforetime; _ua go i uarodo_, while still dark; _e langi +ua_, not yet, still wanting. S. _ue_. + +_uarodo_ dawn, morning. _rodo_. + +_ubuubu_ v. i., to be thick, deep. S. _'upu_. + +_uda_ v. i., to be new, fresh. + +_udu_, _uduudu_, v. i., to drip, n., a drop. S. _'udu_. + + _udufa_ v. n., a dropping, drops. + +_ueli_ v. tr., to happen adversely to. + +_ufi_ 1. v. tr., to blow; _ufi bungu_, to blow a conch shell. + + _ufiani_ v. tr., to breathe into, inspire. S. _'uhi_. + +_ufi_ 2. a yam. S. _uhi_. + +_ufi_ 3. v. tr., to draw water. + +_uga_ v. i,, to spill, to be wasted. + +_ugani_ v. tr., to grumble at. S. _uqe_. + +_ui_, _uiani_ v. tr., to throw, cast. S. _'u'i_. + +_ulu_ v. i., to wade. + + _ulufaini_ v. tr., to carry a person over water. S. _ulu_. + +_ulufi_ v. tr., to vex, grieve. S. _unuhi_. + +_ulunga_, _urunga_, to serve as a pillow; n., a pillow. + +_urungai_ v. tr., to recline the head. S. _ulunge_. + +_umu_ oven. S. _umu_. + +_unua_ n., folk lore, a yarn. S. _unu_. + +_unga_ (_gu_) n., skin. + +_uo_ hill; _fe uo_. S. _uo_. + +_uri_ 1. v. tr., to tread, tread on; _uri sufu_, to tread through. + + _urila_ v. n., tread, step. S. _uri_. + +_uri_, _urina_, 2. adv., like, thus; _nia kafi uri_, he spake thus, +_rao uri_, to do like, to tend, _ele uri_, to desire. S. _uri_. + +_uria_ adj., like, used as adv., _toolada ka uria alafana_, their +way shall be like as if. + +_urii_ adv., just now. + +_uruuru_; _si salo uruuru_, fleecy cloud. + +_usi_ (_nau_) prep., over, for, on behalf of. + +_usia_ n., a market; _ifuli usia_, in the market place. S. _usie_. + +_usu_ v. tr., to wipe, anoint. S. _usu_. + +_usungaia_ n., commandment. S. _usunge'i_. + +_uta_ 1. n., rain; v. i., to rain; _na uta ka uta_, the rain rains. +Florida _uha_. + +_uta_ 2. adv., interrog. how? _si manga uta_, what time? _nia kafi +uta_, what will he do? S. _u'e_. + +_uwa_ v. tr., to lift; _uwa maa_, to lift the eye. S. _uwe_. + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Grammar and Vocabulary of the Lau +Language, by Walter G. 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