diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | 56778-0.txt (renamed from 56778-8.txt) | 889 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 56778-h/56778-h.htm | 423 |
2 files changed, 249 insertions, 1063 deletions
diff --git a/56778-8.txt b/56778-0.txt index e6d6130..53e5483 100644 --- a/56778-8.txt +++ b/56778-0.txt @@ -1,41 +1,7 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume -XLIX, by Various +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 56778 *** -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. -Title: The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume XLIX - Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the - islands and their peoples, their history and records of - the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books - and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial - and religious conditions of those islands from their - earliest relations with European nations to the close of - the nineteenth century -Author: Various - -Editor: Emma Helen Blair - -Translator: James Alexander Robertson - -Release Date: March 18, 2018 [EBook #56778] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, VOLUME XLIX *** - - - - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ @@ -100,13 +66,13 @@ CONTENTS OF VOLUME XLIX October 8, 1762-March 9, 1764 132 Rojo's narrative. Manuel Antonio de Rojo y Vieyra; [Manila, 1763] 176 - Synopsis of letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y + Synopsis of letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; Manila, June 22, 1764 262 - Letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; + Letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; Manila, July 23, 1764 269 Letter to Gonzalez. Baltasar Vela, S.J.; Manila, July 24, 1764 288 - Synopsis of communications to Cárlos III. Simon de + Synopsis of communications to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar, Manila, June-July, 1764 296 Draper's defense. In two parts. I. A plain narrative. [Sir William Draper; London, 1764?]. II. Colonel @@ -145,7 +111,7 @@ ILLUSTRATIONS Le Gentil's Voyage (Paris, 1779-1781), ii, plate 6; photographic facsimile from copy in library of Wisconsin Historical Society 107 - Plan of port of Cavite and its fortifications, by Tomás de + Plan of port of Cavite and its fortifications, by Tomás de Castro y Andrade, ca. 1762; photographic facsimile of original manuscript (in colors), in Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla 183 @@ -223,7 +189,7 @@ conquest would be an advantage. The expedition should proceed first against the fort of Zamboanga, which can be easily taken, and then abandoned and demolished or left in charge of the present Spanish garrison if they will take the oath of allegiance. Next the forts -of the islands of Misamis and Cebú should be taken, both of which +of the islands of Misamis and Cebú should be taken, both of which are important. They can count upon the help of the Moros, and of the Boholans, the latter of whom are now in revolt. All this can be done with one European ship with about fifty soldiers, and several smaller @@ -240,7 +206,7 @@ twenty-ninth of July. He himself following with all but two of the remaining vessels on August 1, reaches Malacca on the nineteenth, but Tiddeman fails to appear until the twenty-first because of calms. Leaving Malacca on the twenty-seventh, the fleet makes the -coast of Luzón, September 19, but owing to rough weather is unable to +coast of Luzón, September 19, but owing to rough weather is unable to enter the bay of Manila until the twenty-third. Cornish and Draper, abandoning the previous plan to attack Cavite first, resolve to proceed directly against Manila, as that once taken, Cavite must also @@ -271,7 +237,7 @@ relations. Cornish encloses a list of the ships with the seamen and marines landed from each one, and of those killed and wounded during the siege. This shows a landing force of 1,017--17 killed, and 17 wounded. The letter of November 10 reports the capture of the -"Santísima Trinidad" by two vessels detached for that purpose. This +"SantÃsima Trinidad" by two vessels detached for that purpose. This large vessel, which had sailed for Acapulco some time before with a rich cargo, but has been obliged to put back, is taken to be the "Filipino" which is expected from Acapulco with the situado, until @@ -329,7 +295,7 @@ preceding letters by Cornish and Draper. The troops, consisting of the 79th regiment, a company of royal artillery, 30 artillerymen furnished by the East India Company, 2 companies of Frenchmen, also furnished by the Company, 600 Sepoys, and other natives, and -reënforced by Cornish's seamen and marines, a total of 2,300 men, +reënforced by Cornish's seamen and marines, a total of 2,300 men, sail July 29 and August 1 for Malacca, where they are to water, taking precautions on the way to prevent the Spaniards from learning of the expedition. Malacca is left August 27, and the fleet anchors @@ -339,12 +305,12 @@ reply, and, accordingly, operations are begun immediately. From that date until October 6, when Manila is taken by easy assault, the siege is one of ceaseless activity on the part of the British, who struggle against heavy seas and rains which aid the Spaniards. The latter, 800 -strong, are reënforced by 10,000 Pampangos, "a fierce and barbarous +strong, are reënforced by 10,000 Pampangos, "a fierce and barbarous people." To the latter is due the killing, under a flag of truce, of Draper's secretary, Lieutenant Fryar, who is sent to the Spanish lines with a nephew of the archbishop-governor who has been captured with a vessel despatched from the Acapulco galleon. This has arrived -on the Luzón coast in September, with news of the war, and Cornish +on the Luzón coast in September, with news of the war, and Cornish endeavors to capture it. The British base of land operations is the suburb of Malate, from which successive advances are made, although a few sallies by Spaniards and Pampangos give the British forces @@ -415,7 +381,7 @@ that he has been in collusion with the British. This is in many ways an especially interesting document, and supplements the information of the other documents considerably. -In a letter to King Cárlos III, dated June 22, 1764, Anda relates +In a letter to King Cárlos III, dated June 22, 1764, Anda relates the measures taken by him in his office as Audiencia, governor and captain-general. These measures cover a wide range, extending to things social, economic, moral, and religious. A fixed tariff for provisions, @@ -426,7 +392,7 @@ the curfew, prohibition of gambling games, regulation of the sale of intoxicants, and strict regulations regarding theft--all these engage his attention. -Another letter from Anda to Cárlos III, dated July 23, 1764, is +Another letter from Anda to Cárlos III, dated July 23, 1764, is devoted entirely to the archbishop, who is characterized as wanting in loyalty. Anda, while protesting his own loyalty and devotion to the crown of Spain, declares the many acts of the archbishop (who @@ -469,7 +435,7 @@ have been instigated and aided by the British, and both of which are finally put down, the latter with the aid of Bishop Ustariz. Anda praises the religious orders, especially the Augustinians, although he notes that some of the religious of St. John of God have been -discontented. Joló affairs and the British alliance with the king of +discontented. Joló affairs and the British alliance with the king of that island are discussed briefly. Orendain, who has been disloyal to the king, has gone with his family to Madras with the English. The fines imposed upon Villacorta and Viana do not appear to have been @@ -563,11 +529,11 @@ DOCUMENTS OF 1759-1765 Anda and the English invasion, 1762-1764. Simon de Anda y Salazar, and others; October 8, 1762-March 9, 1764. Rojo's narrative. Manuel Antonio de Rojo y Vieyra; [1763]. - Synopsis of letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; + Synopsis of letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; June 22, 1764. - Letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; July 23, 1764. + Letter to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; July 23, 1764. Letter to Gonzalez. Baltasar Vela, S.J.; July 24, 1764. - Synopsis of communications to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y + Synopsis of communications to Cárlos III. Simon de Anda y Salazar; June-July, 1764. Draper's defense. In two parts. I. A plain narrative. [Sir William Draper; 1764?]. II. Colonel Draper's answer to the @@ -725,7 +691,7 @@ more attached to the Spaniards than the Calamians or Paraguans: they have abundance of rice, Hogs & Poultry. The whole Jurisdiction does not seem to contain above 4 or 5000 People. [3] -The Islands Leyté, Samar & several small ones adjoining are under +The Islands Leyté, Samar & several small ones adjoining are under the Jurisdiction of the former. Samar which is divided from Leyte by the narrow Strait of S. Juanico @@ -820,7 +786,7 @@ the number of Fire-Flies from which it is said the Name Isla de Fuegos was given it. Negros is divided into two Jurisdictions under the Corregidor of Ylog -the Southern Part to Dumagueté & the N. Part under the Corregidor of +the Southern Part to Dumagueté & the N. Part under the Corregidor of Sily established about 10 years ago. The Island is double Land; very fruitful in rice which it transports to Zebu & other places adjoining: Yonote or Gumatty: The Coasts are inhabited by Bissayas to the Number @@ -860,7 +826,7 @@ The Spanish Dominion on Magenda [7] comprehends the whole Coasts from Samboangan by the North to Carayas. In General it yields much Gold, particularly Butuan, wax, Cinnamon, Civet, good Cacao, Cotton, Sago, Rice, & Pepper thrives very well, they have many fine woods Brazil -Ebony &ca. & the Country also yields Sulphur & Salt Petré. It is not +Ebony &ca. & the Country also yields Sulphur & Salt Petré. It is not indeed without Reason this is held the richest of the Philippins & from its many Lakes & Rivers extremely convenient for inland Commerce. The Natives are very numerous inland & besides those @@ -882,7 +848,7 @@ from Acapulco in war for which it is extremely convenient being only It may appear wonderful that so many Islands so excellent in Situation should yield so little for foreign Commerce except Provisions however -that is not to be ascribed to the Barreñess of the Country but solely +that is not to be ascribed to the Barreñess of the Country but solely to the Indolence & Bad Government of the Spaniards--However it is past doubt that were there a more equitable Jurisdiction established, that the Benefit attending the Possession of these Islands would be @@ -1407,7 +1373,7 @@ the Admty. April 14th, 1763 at night."] LETTERS FROM GENERAL DRAPER TO EARL OF EGREMONT -A copy of Brigadier General Draper's Letter to the Rt. Hoñble The +A copy of Brigadier General Draper's Letter to the Rt. Hoñble The Earl of Egremont his Majesty's Principal secretary of State for the southern Department [26] @@ -1938,7 +1904,7 @@ these measures, rash as they seem, and contrary to all rules of our profession, by our critical situation. From the top of this post, which we called No 2, we had a perfect view of the enemy's works. The front we were obliged to attack, was defended by the bastions of St. Diego -and St. Andrew [i.e., San Diego and San Andrés], with orillons and +and St. Andrew [i.e., San Diego and San Andrés], with orillons and retired flanks, a ravelin which covered the royal gate, a wet ditch, covered way, and glacis. The bastions were in excellent order, lined with a great number of fine brass cannon; but their ravelin was not @@ -2339,7 +2305,7 @@ that we may present a clear idea of the vigorous resistance that was made even to the last extremity. [49] The city of Manila, according to the map of Father Murillo, is located -in 14° 40' of north latitude, and 158° 35' east longitude, on a +in 14° 40' of north latitude, and 158° 35' east longitude, on a tongue of land which terminates in a point, and forming the figure of a jug or flagon, whose extremity or neck is formed by the above point itself and contains the royal fort of Santiago. At the west it @@ -2356,18 +2322,18 @@ ditch nor terreplein. Then too, the parapets are only one foot wide, and the curtain six. The curtain embracing the north side, bathed by the river, and which -has a kind of curvature where it forms two reëntrant angles, is in +has a kind of curvature where it forms two reëntrant angles, is in the same condition of weakness as that of the sea, and is defended by two small bastions, which present the same defect noted above in their lines of defense. -From the bastion of San Gabriel to the gate of the Parián on the east +From the bastion of San Gabriel to the gate of the Parián on the east of the city, is located a false screen or barbacan with its parapet and banquette. It is defective, for it is fallen, and has no gate -for the retreat of the soldiers. The gate of the Parián is covered +for the retreat of the soldiers. The gate of the Parián is covered and defended by a small outer work in the form of a crown, and the royal gate by a ravelin so poorly placed and so poorly ordered, that -it cannot defend the faces of the collateral bastions of San Andrés +it cannot defend the faces of the collateral bastions of San Andrés and of the foundry. The flanks of the two latter bastions are not any more capable of defending the faces of the ravelin. It must be added to the above that all those fortifications are very old and defective: @@ -2465,7 +2431,7 @@ all the gunpowder from that post. But it was necessary to abandon the said post with some effects and a goodly quantity of saltpetre, for the enemy landed at that same place, under support from the artillery of their ships. They took possession of the reduct as well as of the -churches of Malate, [55] Nuestra Señora de Guia, and Santiago, of the +churches of Malate, [55] Nuestra Señora de Guia, and Santiago, of the suburbs and shops along the seashore, between the church of San Juan de Bagumbayan, which was eighty-five toises from the city, and the reduct. That same night two pickets of musketeers were detached from @@ -2478,13 +2444,13 @@ neighboring houses, so that they retired in disorder. On the twenty-fourth, about eight o'clock in the morning, they began to salute the enemy with artillery from the boulevards of the foundry -and from San Andrés, but with little effect, because the enemy were +and from San Andrés, but with little effect, because the enemy were behind the churches which protected them. [56] At nine in the morning, a small galley entered the bay, coming from the Embocadero of San Bernardino, with the news that the galleon "Philippino" had anchored in Palapa, on its return from Nueva -España. The hostile squadron detached a swift frigate and four armed +España. The hostile squadron detached a swift frigate and four armed chaloupes, which gave chase to the galley. Having fired some shots at it, the galley made shore at Tambobo. At the same time the majority of the people on that galley, soldiers and passengers leaped into @@ -2500,7 +2466,7 @@ two cannons had been taken out of it. The following night it was resolved to make a vigorous sortie in order to discomfit the enemy who were fortifying themselves with all haste in the churches of which we have just spoken, namely, Nuestra -Señora de Guia, Malate, and Santiago. Two four-pounders were detached, +Señora de Guia, Malate, and Santiago. Two four-pounders were detached, with the necessary artillerymen and the men needed to manage those cannons, fifty musketeers of the regular troops, some militiamen, and eight hundred Indian natives with their spears. In charge of @@ -2541,7 +2507,7 @@ those Indians (although few in number), threw themselves on the enemy with such fury that they gained possession of the posts which have just been mentioned. They drove out the hostile musketeers, wounding and killing all that they met. But the English were promptly succored -by a reënforcement of three hundred fusileers, who regained the posts +by a reënforcement of three hundred fusileers, who regained the posts that they had lost, and caused the Indians to retreat, to whom a signal was made from the bastion of San Andres to leave a clear field so that the fire of our artillery could have free play. The artillery did, @@ -2558,7 +2524,7 @@ to the young man who accompanied him. The drummer was also killed, and another person who appeared to be the servant of the officer. The Indians cut off the head of the latter, but not being longer able to endure the hostile fire they retired to the covered way of the royal -gate, which was opened for them so that they could reënter. Following +gate, which was opened for them so that they could reënter. Following are the facts of the case. The nephew of the archbishop, Don Antonio Sierra de Tagle, having been made prisoner on board the little galley and conducted aboard the flagship, of which we have spoken above, @@ -2677,7 +2643,7 @@ the general quarters were located. The third was to invest by the sea side. Those three columns were to be supported by two pickets of musketeers, commanded by the sargento-mayor of Cavite, two captains, and four subalterns. At the hour set, our Pampangos and pickets sallied -out in the best order, but scarce had they set foot outside the Parián +out in the best order, but scarce had they set foot outside the Parián gate, when they began to utter loud cries in disorder and make a great racket. That allowed the camp of the enemy to get into readiness to receive them. In spite of that, the Pampango troops entered their @@ -2707,14 +2673,14 @@ terreplein of the same bastion had also fallen, and their ruins had dried up the ditch. But what caused the greatest anxiety was that the engineer recognized that the enemy was busy making a new battery for the purpose of dismounting the artillery, the collateral flanks of the -bastions San Andrés and San Eugenio, which flanked and defended the +bastions San Andrés and San Eugenio, which flanked and defended the entrance to the covered way and the approach to the breach. In fact, that battery began to play at noon with so great activity, that it dismounted the cannons of the flanks in two hours time, overthrew the parapets, and killed some fusileers and pioneers. Twice were other parapets made with beams and bags of sand, but each time they were in ruins the moment after. Consequently, the men were obliged to retire -from those bastions. The bastion of San Andrés did not suffer so much, +from those bastions. The bastion of San Andrés did not suffer so much, for it was stronger. However, it had one cannon of the caliber of eighteen, which was placed in the elevated flank, dismounted. We had no other hope than in another cannon of equal caliber, of the two which @@ -2765,7 +2731,7 @@ and the third marched along the highway surrounding the covered way, toward the east and bordering on the plaza de armas. The few soldiers left us occupied the gorge of the bastion of the -foundry, the royal gate, the flank of the bastion of San Andrés, +foundry, the royal gate, the flank of the bastion of San Andrés, and the curtain joining them. The enemy were supported by their batteries and by the fusileers of the tower of Santiago, who poured in a steady fire. Consequently, it was impossible for ours to occupy @@ -2792,7 +2758,7 @@ throwing themselves from the wall. The enemy's column which entered by the royal gate directed its course toward the plaza de armas and seized the palace. [69] That which marched by the highway, took the small fort which defends the bridge across the Pasig River. Thence -it went to the city, entering by the Parián gate. [70] +it went to the city, entering by the Parián gate. [70] The fort flung a white flag, and terms of capitulation were proposed, which the British officers refused to accept. At the same moment the @@ -2874,10 +2840,10 @@ states that in accordance with his appointment by the latter as visitor-general of the provinces, he appoints the necessary persons for the performance of that duty, forms a court, and goes to Bulacan on October 4. There on presenting his credentials he is recognized -by the alcalde-mayor José Pasarin. Manila is taken by assault by the +by the alcalde-mayor José Pasarin. Manila is taken by assault by the British next day, and the president and auditors of the Audiencia remaining in the city are taken prisoners. Citing laws clxxx and lviii -of título xv, book ii, of the Recopilación [76] Anda declares that, +of tÃtulo xv, book ii, of the Recopilación [76] Anda declares that, by virtue thereof, the Audiencia is continued in him alone; and since the archbishop (who has been acting as governor and president of the Audiencia) is also a prisoner, the duties of the office of governor @@ -2889,7 +2855,7 @@ these, by means of their greater knowledge of the nature, customs, and civilization of the natives, can maintain them and incite them to the defense of the country, against the English enemy: I have considered it fitting and necessary to send the present to your Excellency, by which, -in the name of Don Carlos III, the Catholic king of España, I request +in the name of Don Carlos III, the Catholic king of España, I request and ask you, and in my own name, petition you, by means of the curas, rectors, and other members of the secular clergy of your diocese, to be pleased to represent to, persuade, and inform the natives of @@ -2915,7 +2881,7 @@ so that I may file them with the papers of their kind. [77] [The archbishop answers this letter under date of Manila, October 10, as follows:] -In your Lordship's commission granted with the preëminence that is +In your Lordship's commission granted with the preëminence that is fitting, you will proceed according to your prudence and to present circumstances. The first point is the Catholic faith. 2d, loyalty to the king, our sovereign. 3d, to faithfully observe the treaties which @@ -2926,7 +2892,7 @@ to this event and to this time.... [78] [To the above, Anda replies on October 20. [79] Citing the contents of the archbishop's letter, he says that his actions are to be governed by -laws lvii [80] and lviii of título xv, of book ii of the Recopilación +laws lvii [80] and lviii of tÃtulo xv, of book ii of the Recopilación and since the governor is at present not able to govern, upon him devolves the duty of preserving peace and administering justice. "In this province [Bulacan], I have obtained not only complete quiet, but @@ -2942,7 +2908,7 @@ in me, that I am the sole and only minister, that by my absence from that capital because of the commissions confided to me at a convenient time, I remained free from the enemies, and as such capable and proper by law, so that in my person is met the prescriptions of law clxxx -of the above-cited book and título, since my associates are lacking +of the above-cited book and tÃtulo, since my associates are lacking and have been imprisoned with your Excellency in the fatal loss of that capital. @@ -2991,7 +2957,7 @@ way the commission would have been superfluous. And is it possible that without regarding consequences, your Excellency tells me to faithfully observe the treaties with the British leaders, and that I regulate my just procedures to the result and the time of the surrender of that -city? If your Excellency, although a vassal of the king of España, +city? If your Excellency, although a vassal of the king of España, his minister, and so honored, counsels me after this manner, what is allowed to the British leaders? [84] Your Excellency knows that when I left that capital, you did not give me the royal seal, without which no @@ -3111,7 +3077,7 @@ to the surrender of Manila and its environs.] [An edict signed by "Dauzon Drak," [91] the English governor at Manila, and by others, on November 4, states that since the governor (i.e., Archbishop Rojo), together with the auditors, has conceded to the -English the island of Luzón with the adjacent islands belonging to said +English the island of Luzón with the adjacent islands belonging to said government, according to the agreement made between Samuel Cornis, commander of the water forces, and Guillermo Draper, commander of the land forces of the British; and since "the government of Manila @@ -3159,12 +3125,12 @@ the signed paper, Anda declares that they ought not to make use of, but rather, burn it. That they be excused from paying the rest of the tribute due from them, until Anda and the government be again in Manila, is preposterous. That demand shows that they believe that -the government will not have the strength to reëstablish itself +the government will not have the strength to reëstablish itself there. Now, indeed, they ought to aid with more than the tribute, which is their recognition of vassalage to the Spanish monarch, in fact, with their lives, possessions, and services, but nothing more than the tribute due is asked from them. All the other villages pay -the tribute. Two regiments of Tagálogs and Pampangos are being formed +the tribute. Two regiments of Tagálogs and Pampangos are being formed to defend the country against the English, with their own arms and the king's pay. Their village alone has complained, and is become a reproach to the others, which look askance at it. Anda is certain @@ -3217,13 +3183,13 @@ the latter have made with the Sangleys of this province." [A series of documents dated December 22, 23, 27, 30, and 31, 1762, and February 4, 1763, treat of the Sangley conspiracy in the province in -conjunction with the English and the Sangleys of the Parián of Manila +conjunction with the English and the Sangleys of the Parián of Manila and the terrible vengeance taken. Anda informs all the officials and people of the province of Pampanga of the discovery of the conspiracy a few days before it was to be sprung. This was to have been on Christmas eve, when many people would be engaged in their devotions and others would be celebrating by becoming intoxicated. The Chinese of the -province, together with about one thousand others from the Parián, +province, together with about one thousand others from the Parián, were to kill right and left and thus prepare the way for the entrance of the English. On being discovered, the Chinese make a stand on the twentieth of December, but are forced to flee refusing the promises @@ -3275,7 +3241,7 @@ effort should be resisted as strongly as possible.] letter to the archbishop, accusing him of connivance with the British, and the utter disregard of Spanish interests. He reminds the archbishop again that he has assumed the office of governor in accordance with -certain laws in the Recopilación. The archbishop must cease his +certain laws in the Recopilación. The archbishop must cease his disloyal practices, which are prejudicial to the rights of those domains and the irreparable loss of the inhabitants. Through his folly, Manila was taken by assault, and then the fort of Santiago @@ -3306,7 +3272,7 @@ object being to have them give their word of honor to the British, a course that will necessarily weaken the Spanish defense of the provinces. He has secured food and supplies for the British, and has induced certain Chinese from a trading champan to settle in the -Parián, in order that the British may have greater strength. He has +Parián, in order that the British may have greater strength. He has endeavored to dislodge the Augustinians, who side with Anda, [96] from their villages and supply their place with seculars. He has done these things to curry favor with the British and through his vanity @@ -3364,7 +3330,7 @@ as a traitor and rebel. The archbishop has influenced the British against Anda, and they recognizing the opportunity to create civil war in the islands have proceeded against the latter. The British have also made an offensive and defensive alliance with the king of -Joló, [102] but the archbishop has offered no serious objection to +Joló, [102] but the archbishop has offered no serious objection to such a procedure, which is to make war upon the Catholic religion, for it will inundate the islands with Mahometans, in addition to the English Protestants. This is opposed to the treaty between the @@ -3382,7 +3348,7 @@ as follows with a harsh attack on the archbishop, which although possibly too violent, throws much light on the life of the times:] The memory of that letter, which your Excellency wrote to the bishop -of Zebù, when the latter was president, governor, and captain-general +of Zebù, when the latter was president, governor, and captain-general of these islands, does not fail to corroborate this idea [i.e., of the archbishop's sanity]. In that letter you advised him that in order that you might undertake to consecrate him, he must first @@ -3391,7 +3357,7 @@ dances of women and men in the palace, as that was entirely opposed to modesty, prudence, and a delicate conscience of bishops, as well as outside the object of the consecration. That advice was very worthy of praise, although it would appear that it was idle and could have been -excused because of the solid virtue and religious conduct of Señor +excused because of the solid virtue and religious conduct of Señor Espeleta. But (oh human misery and weakness!) your Excellency did not practice that healthful counsel in the celebration of the patronage of our Lady of Guadalupe. For, to the universal confusion and laughter @@ -3499,11 +3465,11 @@ My Dear Sir: Yesterday the governor handed me the letter which your Grace was pleased to send him, in which your Grace promises to be loyal to his -sacred Majesty, the king of Gran Bretaña, my master. You may believe, +sacred Majesty, the king of Gran Bretaña, my master. You may believe, Don Diego, that your letter gave me especial pleasure and great joy--so much so that I resolved to send you one of his Majesty's ships under my command, in order to assure your Grace of my protection, and aid in -the name of my master, against the common enemy, España. I have been +the name of my master, against the common enemy, España. I have been very sensible of the many injuries which your Grace has suffered under the tyrannical government of the Spaniards; but 1 am very pleased to know that your Grace has opened your eyes, and that your Grace will @@ -3815,9 +3781,9 @@ will facilitate the furnishing of supplies to the British as far as possible. He will appoint persons to arrange details of the delivery of Manila and Cavite, though the delivery itself is to be made to the troops in military style. [115] Another note from Anda on the -same date, announces that he has appointed the treasurer, Nicólas +same date, announces that he has appointed the treasurer, Nicólas Echauz, Sargento-mayor Francisco Salgado, and the infantry captains, -Mariano Thobias and Raymundo Español, to formally receive the effects +Mariano Thobias and Raymundo Español, to formally receive the effects of Manila and Cavite, and to treat of other points that may arise.] @@ -3881,7 +3847,7 @@ an Englishman, who has become a naturalized Spaniard. The latter is commissioned to cultivate spice and cinnamon, the working of which he understands thoroughly. With him goes a Recollect missionary to attend to spiritual matters, and good results are promised to -Christianity. The new bishop of Zebù is despatched to his diocese, +Christianity. The new bishop of Zebù is despatched to his diocese, taking with him six thousand pesos of the funds of that bishopric, which has been adjudged him by the Audiencia. [118] The archbishop has a part in the pacification of Bohol through the above bishop and the @@ -3931,7 +3897,7 @@ month are held the celebrations in honor of our Lady of Guadalupe, the ceremonies being both ecclesiastical and social. [120] Among the latter are three afternoons given up to bullfights, "which was properly an entertainment, without any fear of danger, for the bulls -hereabout are not courageous and fierce like those of both Españas," +hereabout are not courageous and fierce like those of both Españas," and anyone could indulge in the sport, even the unskilled. There are also musical entertainments and dancing which are designed chiefly for the ladies. The illness of the archbishop, however, compels him @@ -4146,7 +4112,7 @@ royal Audiencia. Anda, on coming to the islands, takes up the case, and Auditor Davila falling mortally ill, he endeavors to take entire charge of the matter, even to the issuing of a royal provision. This the archbishop-governor opposes on the grounds that Anda may not -issue such provisions alone. Although law 180 of the título regarding +issue such provisions alone. Although law 180 of the tÃtulo regarding audiencias allows one auditor to act as the Audiencia in case of the absence of the other auditors, that auditor cannot determine matters finally, and despatch royal provisions; as other laws of the same @@ -4289,7 +4255,7 @@ having been attested, was sent to the commander of the ship so that the pilots might be informed of it. The ship left the mouth in fact on the third of September, and reached San Jacinto in four days, where it took wood and water aboard, and where it was overtaken by two boats or -champans with the reënforcement of food, sails, and other supplies, +champans with the reënforcement of food, sails, and other supplies, which had been asked and which they would need. They sailed from the Embocadero on the thirteenth of said month with a favoring wind. But when they had sailed three hundred leguas, they were met by a most @@ -4347,13 +4313,13 @@ portion of it remained to be brought, and the archbishop found it necessary to go a-horseback accompanied by his Majesty's fiscal and several others. At twelve o'clock, this task was really finished, in which there was necessarily a great waste of this material. When -they reëntered, some of the ships were almost within cannon-shot, +they reëntered, some of the ships were almost within cannon-shot, and were threatening in that direction, which is toward the south, with respect to the city. 11. The reply of the generals was, with their letter or challenge, arrogant, and to the effect that Manila and its forts should be -surrendered to the king of Gran Bretaña, from whose power the most +surrendered to the king of Gran Bretaña, from whose power the most remote possessions of the Catholic king were not free, whose court, through its evil conduct, had proclaimed war against Ynglaterra. If the Spaniards of Manila were not infatuated, they would surrender, @@ -4379,7 +4345,7 @@ to resist the fire from their boats and ships. The people in those places got under shelter of two regular companies who were obliged to retire. The enemy found all they could need for their rearguard and trenches in the strong edifices of the churches of Malate and of -Nuestra Señora de Guia, whence without loss of time, and with ease +Nuestra Señora de Guia, whence without loss of time, and with ease they surrounded and took possession of the equally strong churches of San Tiago and San Juan de Bagumbayan, whence it became necessary for our men to retire. And although our men made three sallies, the enemy @@ -4719,7 +4685,7 @@ in virtue of what was discussed in the general council and of present circumstances. The superiors and the administrators of said church, who were notified thereof, agreed, and they made the delivery without any answer or protest; for they saw well that, although the secular -estate contributed with ¡ts interests in the "Philipino," it would be +estate contributed with ¡ts interests in the "Philipino," it would be impossible to get during those days a suitable distribution among the citizens (and as it seemed), the destruction of the sack had left them without money or anything of value, as they declared. Besides all their @@ -4954,7 +4920,7 @@ prisoners in the city with the archbishop, with their officers, two togated ministers, and the officials of the royal treasury (except the treasurer), and the majority of the persons composing both cabildos, ecclesiastical and secular, various religious of all the communities, -a convent of nuns, the beateríos and schools of both sexes, and most +a convent of nuns, the beaterÃos and schools of both sexes, and most of the citizens of all classes and estates. He has not reflected that his obstinacy in this measure in any event and in any manner in which it might have any desired effect, resulted, before any injury to @@ -5543,7 +5509,7 @@ it all the responsibility in regard to said alliance. However, he resisted strongly for the reason which he expresses in his reply. But this alliance has reached such a point that the government has sent Prince Ysrael, son of the said sultan, to Jolo; and then tried to -get the archbishop to give him a letter for the surrender of Zebù and +get the archbishop to give him a letter for the surrender of Zebù and other islands, [162] but its petitions and exigencies to obtain said letter were unsuccessful. The archbishop refused to give it for the reasons which are expressed in his letters to the British government @@ -5766,7 +5732,7 @@ must not be omitted. The first was in December, when the engineer, Don Miguel Gomez, was sent, who was equipped as well as possible. The second was in March -of the present year, by equipping two officers, Don Christoval Ròs, +of the present year, by equipping two officers, Don Christoval Ròs, and Don Andres de la Torre; and at the same time in another English fragata with sufficient safety and prudent security. He duplicated the despatches in two English fragatas, addressed to his agent at Cadiz. @@ -5807,15 +5773,15 @@ one and one-half tomins, diminished by waste, from the value of their stamp, might be received at their intrinsic value; in order that in a determined time, the Sangleys might present themselves under penalty of two hundred lashes, and confiscation of their property, -as it was learned that many of the dwellers in the Parián of Manila +as it was learned that many of the dwellers in the Parián of Manila had entered Pampanga, and had united with those who resided in the villages of the province, and were preparing arms. The object was to -disarm them and send them to the Parián. But many of them presented +disarm them and send them to the Parián. But many of them presented themselves armed and offered to give bonds that they were peaceful and that their arms were employed in the service of his Majesty. He ascertained that the agreement that they had made with the English -was that one thousand Chinese should enter from the Parián of Manila, +was that one thousand Chinese should enter from the Parián of Manila, and distribute themselves through the villages, so that they might fire them at that hour of Christmas eve when the natives should be in the temples, in order that by reason of the confusion, free entrance @@ -5836,7 +5802,7 @@ and not carry food or aid the enemy. Some submitted, but acted deceitfully, introducing false barrillas into the villages, withdrawing the pesos, giving information to the enemy, -and going freely from the Parián of Manila to the provinces. [165] +and going freely from the Parián of Manila to the provinces. [165] Others aided the English and supplied them with food. Consequently, it was ordered that the alcaldes-mayor should form a list of the Sangleys, of their provinces, prohibiting their admission unless they @@ -5888,7 +5854,7 @@ the fort of Manila had been used by the English as fortifications, who committed all manner of profanations, he ordered the necessary arrangements to be made in the villages to burn them, if the enemy attacked. [167] That order poorly understood, exposed the church of -Viñan [168] to being unnecessarily burned, but it was saved by order +Viñan [168] to being unnecessarily burned, but it was saved by order of Anda. He also censured the first provision which he had to revoke. He prosecuted and punished several spies sent by the English to @@ -5897,7 +5863,7 @@ ascertain what Anda and the loyal troops were doing. He permitted free trade among the provinces, so that they might have food in abundance. He ordered that all the lands of Pampanga be planted, so far as possible, with rice, sugarcane, etc., and that -land in the village of San Ysidro be given to the Tagálogs who had +land in the village of San Ysidro be given to the Tagálogs who had fled from Manila. He arranged that the food for the provision of the warehouses be @@ -5978,7 +5944,7 @@ love and fidelity which each one owes his sovereign as a good vassal: the reverend archbishop, who tried by so many methods, to cast to the earth this legitimate image which represented and defended your royal rights, even to the point of declaring him a traitor, rebel, -and disobedient to his own sovereign, and to that of Gran Bretaña; +and disobedient to his own sovereign, and to that of Gran Bretaña; or I, who suffering and enduring all these things, made use of your royal power, insulted and abased by so many enemies and traitors, by making you truly recognized again in these vacillating fields of @@ -6038,11 +6004,11 @@ wild beasts; that already in one province one of them had elevated himself as emperor and refused obedience to your Majesty; that the province of Bulacan was in the same condition; that all the others would follow their example; that one of these days they would have -Señor Anda tied up, if they did not first deprive him of life; that +Señor Anda tied up, if they did not first deprive him of life; that consequently, as it was advisable to the services of both Majesties and for the public quiet, and so that so much Christian blood might not be shed, his Excellency ought to yield all the islands, and cause -Señor Anda to descend; that if he did not condescend to do so, nothing +Señor Anda to descend; that if he did not condescend to do so, nothing else would result than the ruin of all these domains, the loss of Christianity, and the execution by the English of the sentence that had been pronounced of putting to the sword all the Spaniards; that @@ -6087,12 +6053,12 @@ on the fourth of November in the terms that his said letter shows, [176] and which I myself am ashamed to mention, referring myself to the enclosed testimony. -He ordered the alcalde-mayor of Bulacan, Don José Pasarin, who +He ordered the alcalde-mayor of Bulacan, Don José Pasarin, who recognized me from the first as your royal Audiencia, to cause all the Spaniards and their families to descend to Manila, even threatening him with censures if he did not obey. This order included among the Spaniards my assembly secretary, my advocate, my fiscal, and Doctor Don -Domingo Arañaz, [177] one of the advocates of this city. But neither +Domingo Arañaz, [177] one of the advocates of this city. But neither they nor said alcalde-mayor, recognizing the very great service which was being done for his Majesty and for religion in [not] consenting to the ideas of the reverend archbishop to deprive me of those whom I @@ -6160,7 +6126,7 @@ have maintained an indifferent attitude in the condition of prisoner. What Catholic and loyal vassal of your Majesty could see without great grief a pastor persuading his sheep in said letters that they -should submit to Gran Bretaña? Further on, he says: "If you do as I +should submit to Gran Bretaña? Further on, he says: "If you do as I exhort and advise you, you will receive the reward from God, and for the contrary, the punishment; and if you observe, this, you will be good vassals of my king and my faithful children." @@ -6202,7 +6168,7 @@ does not serve as an excuse to the reverend archbishop; or that he had hopes of again holding such office by the right of postliminy: for this at most does not go beyond honors, and hopes are kept without in any way becoming real, for this office was confirmed in me already by -virtue of laws lvii and lviii, book ii, título xv of the Recopilación; +virtue of laws lvii and lviii, book ii, tÃtulo xv of the Recopilación; [178] and even according to the first, by the right of postliminy, the reverend archbishop had no right to administer that office, again, since it orders expressly that when your royal Audiencia assumes the @@ -6224,7 +6190,7 @@ greatest contempt, and confessed that I was acting as a loyal vassal of your Majesty, he would never relinquish the title of governor, or recognize in me your royal Audiencia, in accordance with the laws; and he died in the same conviction, as one may see by his last will, -when he left to the governor, who should come from España, a carriage +when he left to the governor, who should come from España, a carriage and its horses, so that he might make use of it, and ordered this cabildo to deliver to the same a sealed box, containing the papers, which were to be sent to your Majesty. Thus was it done without any @@ -6355,7 +6321,7 @@ at the palace, examined all the walls, its strength, the beach, even the powder factory, sounded the entire bay, and information having been given to the fort of this innovation, by a sentinel, yet he was allowed to go out freely when he pleased. For those special favors, -the said governor of Madrás gives him [i.e., the archbishop] many +the said governor of Madrás gives him [i.e., the archbishop] many thanks, and although it is not expressed in the letters, the head of the staff which he sends him. The said governor of Zamboanga sent it as a gift from the English to the reverend archbishop, who did not @@ -6421,12 +6387,12 @@ without opposition. The fifteen ships cannonaded to no purpose; and because a cannon caused the greatest ship to retire, order was given not to fire from the fort without orders, and that it was to be used for the attack by land. Some commanded, others countermanded, because -they asserted that they would anger the English more. A reënforcement +they asserted that they would anger the English more. A reënforcement of drilled Indians came, but they were not allowed to make a sally, for the archbishop-governor said that it was better to seize the enemy without grievously vexing him. In a sally, the Indians reached quite to the artillery abandoned by the English. The enemy rallied, and the -Indians not having any disciplined reënforcement, fell back. Four days +Indians not having any disciplined reënforcement, fell back. Four days of heavy rains, and boisterous winds, which God sent, and by which one ship was driven ashore, and the others endeavored only to look out for themselves, gained nothing for the obstruction of the English, @@ -6467,14 +6433,14 @@ so as by a miracle, having retired to Pampanga. The English wished to first conquer Pasig, which was guarded by Indians. They attained their end after a short bombardment, and opened a passage to the provisions of Laguna. They thought it best also to go to Pampanga -to destroy Señor Anda, but having been attacked about one legua or -so from Manila by Señor Anda's men, they were completely routed, +to destroy Señor Anda, but having been attacked about one legua or +so from Manila by Señor Anda's men, they were completely routed, and left many slain. The survivors fled to Manila as best they could, notwithstanding that a third part of our men, deceived by the traitors -of Manila, did not attack, contrary to the order of Señor Anda. The +of Manila, did not attack, contrary to the order of Señor Anda. The English and their allies, our traitors, seeing that it was difficult by force, devoted their energies to trickery. First, they tried to -induce the Chinese to kill Señor Anda, as he was now cried by heralds +induce the Chinese to kill Señor Anda, as he was now cried by heralds as a traitor to the king and a reward of two or four thousand pesos promised to whomever should kill and deliver him up. The Chinese had agreed upon the fitting night to kill him and all the Spaniards of his @@ -6485,7 +6451,7 @@ malice or through ignorance, the latter said whatever came into his head. Thereupon, he made use of a Dominican Chinese, who declared the treason of the letter. Days before the arrival of this declaration, everything was already known, because a Chinese fired a blunderbuss at -Señor Anda which only damaged his coat. Thereupon, he seized as many +Señor Anda which only damaged his coat. Thereupon, he seized as many Chinese as he could with his small troop of Spaniards and Indians, and after taking their depositions had them hanged. There were more than two hundred [of them]. Many others who escaped informed the English @@ -6511,7 +6477,7 @@ it cost them many people, they seized the church, for the Spaniards ran short of powder, as the Indians, induced by the Spaniards of Manila, had hidden it. But the loyal Spaniards of Bulacan, by means of stratagem and trickery, held the English besieged in the same -church. Three times did the latter receive reënforcements of supplies +church. Three times did the latter receive reënforcements of supplies and men from Manila, but they were never able to pass. Finally, those who were left returned to Manila with great loss. And not even one would have returned had it not been that continually, because of the @@ -6596,7 +6562,7 @@ other auditors of that Audiencia having been made prisoners of war in Manila, Don Simon not having been included among them because of being in the village of Bulacan at that time, attending to the general inspection of all the provinces of the district of that Audiencia, -in accordance with the order and prescription of law clxxx of título +in accordance with the order and prescription of law clxxx of tÃtulo xv, book ii of the laws of the Yndias, by which it is ordered that if the auditors of the Audiencia are absent and only one of them remain, the Audiencia is to be conserved and continued in him as said governor @@ -6689,7 +6655,7 @@ theirs, offering ten thousand pesos to whomever would deliver alive or dead each one who had signed the edict [against him]. Finally, there was a suspension of hostilities until the evacuation of the fort. During this interim, the province of Ylocos revolted and -rendered homage to the king of Gran Bretaña. At its head was Diego +rendered homage to the king of Gran Bretaña. At its head was Diego Silan, a Pangasinan Indian, a plebeian, who, according to public report, had been a coachman in Manila. He succeeded in getting the English to appoint him alcalde-mayor for life of that jurisdiction, @@ -6801,7 +6767,7 @@ from the trench that they had flung their banner to the breeze, with a shot from a cannon of the caliber of four, and two shots from falconets. Thereupon, Don Pedro Hernani, lieutenant of Spanish infantry, with one sergeant, one corporal, and twenty soldiers, began -to cross the river in pursuit of the Cagayans, leaving Alférez Don Jose +to cross the river in pursuit of the Cagayans, leaving Alférez Don Jose Solorzano as a reserve. Don Pedro Hernani invested the trenches with so great courage, that he succeeded in taking the banner from them, although he suffered the misfortune of being run through the breast @@ -6852,7 +6818,7 @@ one being able for this reason to attribute it to disloyalty. Lastly, he gives account of the measures which he took in order to continue the aid which had been established on his Majesty's account -in honor of Fernando I, king of Joló. He states that, at the beginning +in honor of Fernando I, king of Joló. He states that, at the beginning of the expedition, the king showed himself loyal to his Majesty, and recognized Don Simon as Audiencia, and governor, asking him to assign him to those provinces or to send him to his country, whence he would @@ -6861,10 +6827,10 @@ would transfer him to Pampanga, he promptly arranged his voyage, and having arrived at the village of Pasig, he was overtaken by an accident which impeded him for six days. During that interim, the enemy made him a prisoner. The English, taking advantage of the occasion, sent him -to Joló. Afterward when the English evacuated Manila, they took the +to Joló. Afterward when the English evacuated Manila, they took the prince Ysrael and all those of his kingdom. It was presumed that the English had made some agreement with him, so that they might establish -themselves in Joló. That would be to the great prejudice of the Visayan +themselves in Joló. That would be to the great prejudice of the Visayan provinces and their trade both because of the English and the Moros. In a separate measure, both Don Simon de Anda, in his representations, @@ -6896,7 +6862,7 @@ English, and the atrocities which they committed. He publicly ordered their rites, and concluded with petitioning the total expulsion of the Sangleys who have kept the title of Christian, as was done with the infidels; in which Don Simon and the ecclesiastical estate also -coöperate with convincing and practical reasons. +coöperate with convincing and practical reasons. From all the above, it results from this extract that measures could have been taken in regard to only the two matters: one in regard to @@ -6979,7 +6945,7 @@ and put on Board the Squadron, and sent to the Coast of India as such." These Terms they accepted; and whilst the Articles were settling, they pleaded their Inability to raise immediately the Sum demanded, -unless we would admit the Phillipina (which was arrived ¡n the Port of +unless we would admit the Phillipina (which was arrived ¡n the Port of Pallapa, on the Island of Semar from Acapulca) into the Capitulation, and the Vice Roy to send Letters to the General that commanded her, to deliver her up to our Ships, which had been sent after her; to which @@ -7466,8 +7432,8 @@ by taking Care that all the Ransom Bills, due even to the Enemy's Privateers, should be most punctually paid, since the Conclusion of the Peace. Surely such upright Proceedings on our Side will infuse the same religious Observance of good Faith in all concerned in this -Business. Otherwise we must say with Grotius, ab Injustitiâ excusari -nequeunt, qui, cum pacta improbent, tamen retinent, quæ, sine pactis +Business. Otherwise we must say with Grotius, ab Injustitiâ excusari +nequeunt, qui, cum pacta improbent, tamen retinent, quæ, sine pactis non haberent. "They cannot avoid the Imputation of Injustice, who disapprove of Treaties, and yet keep Possession of what they could not have been possessed of, but by the Means of those Treaties." @@ -7632,10 +7598,10 @@ Bisayas have been captured or killed. May God bring us a governor, may God bring us some auditors, who shall recognize and appreciate the defense of the Catholic religion and of the poor Indians! -The estates of Calatagán and Looc, burned and sacked by the Moros; the +The estates of Calatagán and Looc, burned and sacked by the Moros; the estates of Meysilo and La Piedad, burned and sacked by the Christians; that of San Pedro Tunasan, sacked by the Indians, commanded by six -Franciscan friars; Lian and Nasugbú delivered to the Joloan [? Jelaco +Franciscan friars; Lian and Nasugbú delivered to the Joloan [? Jelaco in transcript] king by treaty; that of Naic abandoned to the robbers; San Pedro Macati burned by the English, with the exception of the house and church! Those which have suffered less are Marquina, Payatas, @@ -7655,7 +7621,7 @@ be paid here, and from those of here, for ... in order to pay from the treasury of Mexico. Consider, your Reverence, what must be the condition of this po[or] province. -There is another war declared, in which Señor Galban has unfurled +There is another war declared, in which Señor Galban has unfurled the banner against [the] pious [funds]. He declares that the pious funds are the ruin of [trade] and of the islands; as if the trade of the islands had any other foundation. I, ... procurator, have @@ -7663,7 +7629,7 @@ come to the opinion that God is abandoning this His kingdom; ... I doubt that on other occasions, there may have been greater or equal mi[sfortunes], but surely, the ministers of the king, our sovereign, must have had more application and better intentions. It might be -that Señor Cegado has them, since he is ... it. They pass no measure +that Señor Cegado has them, since he is ... it. They pass no measure that is not intended for the ruin, and tell ... the liberty in which they live, would be to paint a detesta[ble] and scandalous community. @@ -7674,7 +7640,7 @@ seventh command[ment] and named the kinds of robbers that existed. He named alcaldes-[mayor?] of provinces, adding what St. Xavier said of these at seeing ... that they received the decree deleantur de libro viventium. [211] On the ... day, while I was resting, I received a -bloodthirsty denunciation from Señor Galban, which I [sho]wed to Father +bloodthirsty denunciation from Señor Galban, which I [sho]wed to Father Puch, who explained on Sunday afternoon in great-detail what I have mentioned, and what he ought to say. But on the third day, I received a royal provision passed by an extraordinary meeting of the assembly, in @@ -7708,7 +7674,7 @@ that the matter will be neglected in Madrid, and the connivance of our procurators; but for this I also ask the remedy farther on. A boat was built in Pangasinan in order that it might be sent to -Nueva España. It was launched in the middle of May in a river, but +Nueva España. It was launched in the middle of May in a river, but it could not get out because of the bar. Means are being discussed, hopes abound, but it is now considered impossible for a voyage to be made this year. The "Santa Rosa" was expected at the end of May, @@ -7719,10 +7685,10 @@ today, June 17. If there is anything to add later, I will add it in a separate paragraph, or in another letter. The "Santa Rosa" arrived July 3, with the new governor. The "Santa -Rosa" is being prepared for its return trip to México, for the ship +Rosa" is being prepared for its return trip to México, for the ship of Azevedo has not arrived, and is not expected, although it left the bar on the third of this said month. The boat of Misamis is -being equipped for México. I do not consider it necessary to give +being equipped for México. I do not consider it necessary to give instructions to your Reverence, for I expect that without them, you will perform the duties of your post fully, and our friendship. @@ -7749,18 +7715,18 @@ REFERENCES Accounts of the capture and occupancy of Manila, and contemporaneous events, will be found in the following: -1. Vivar, Pedro del, O.S.A.--Relación de los alzamientos de la ciudad -de Vigan, cabecera de la provincia de Ilocos, en los años de 1762 y +1. Vivar, Pedro del, O.S.A.--Relación de los alzamientos de la ciudad +de Vigan, cabecera de la provincia de Ilocos, en los años de 1762 y 1763. Composed in 1764; published as part of vol. iv, of Biblioteca -Histórica Filipina. An account of the insurrections of Diego Silán -and Nicolás Cariño. +Histórica Filipina. An account of the insurrections of Diego Silán +and Nicolás Cariño. -2. Castro, Agustin Maria de, O.S.A.--Reseña sobre la guerra de los +2. Castro, Agustin Maria de, O.S.A.--Reseña sobre la guerra de los ingleses ca. 1765. MS. in Augustinian archives, Manila; and a copy of which is owned by Eduardo Navarro, O.S.A., at Valladolid. Cited -by Montero y Vidal, and by Pérez (Catálogo). +by Montero y Vidal, and by Pérez (Catálogo). -3. Le Gentil de la Galaisière, Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean +3. Le Gentil de la Galaisière, Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean Baptiste.--Voyage dons les mers de l'Inde (Paris, 1779-1781), ii, chapter ii, articles xvii and xviii, pp. 230-275. This book contains the Journal of Archbishop Rojo concerning the siege. Le Gentil @@ -7769,11 +7735,11 @@ his friendship for Rojo's nephew passes a severe criticism on Anda, which has caused him in turn to be criticised by the Spaniards. 4. Malo de Luque, Eduardo (pseudonym of Duke of Almodovar).--Historia -política de los establecimientos ultramarinos de las naciones europeas +polÃtica de los establecimientos ultramarinos de las naciones europeas (Madrid, 1784-1790), v, chaps. ix, and x, pp. 234-310. Contains many of the original documents and letters connected with the conquest period. -5. Martinez de Zúñiga, Joaquin, O.S.A.--Historia de las Islas +5. Martinez de Zúñiga, Joaquin, O.S.A.--Historia de las Islas Philipinas (Sampaloc, 1803), chaps. xxxiii-xxxvii, pp. 601-687. Treats of siege, capture, insurrections, operations of Anda, and the peace. @@ -7789,15 +7755,15 @@ Filipinas (Madrid, 1871), iv, chaps. viii-x, pp. 611-742; v, chap. i, pp. 1-25. Contains Dominican history and general account of the conquest, etc. -9. Montero y Vidal, José.--Historia general de Filipinas, ii, +9. Montero y Vidal, José.--Historia general de Filipinas, ii, chaps. i-iii, and part of iv, pp. 7-119; and portion of appendix, where he gives various documents of conquest period. Uses foregoing freely. -10. Jordan de Urries, Pedro, marqués de Ayerbe.--Sitio y conquista +10. Jordan de Urries, Pedro, marqués de Ayerbe.--Sitio y conquista de Manila por los Ingleses en 1762 (Zaragoza, 1897). Based on ordinary authorities, and especially on an unpublished MS. written -by Alfonso Rodríguez de Ovalle, to the marqués de Cruillas, ancestor -of the marqués de Ayerbe, which is conserved in the library of the +by Alfonso RodrÃguez de Ovalle, to the marqués de Cruillas, ancestor +of the marqués de Ayerbe, which is conserved in the library of the latter. Ovalle sailed on the "Santa Rosa" with royal despatches notifying the city of Manila of the treaty of peace between Spain and England. While in the Philippines, he wrote a minute journal, @@ -7805,7 +7771,7 @@ accompanying it with plans and statistics, of the late events in Manila and the provinces. The dates of this journal are September 13, 1762-March 13, 1764. -11. Diez Aguado, Manuel, O.S.A.--Biografia del P. Agustín Ma. de +11. Diez Aguado, Manuel, O.S.A.--Biografia del P. AgustÃn Ma. de Castro, Agustino (Barcelona, 1902). This contains a short account of the siege and capture of Manila. It is drawn in large part from Augustinian sources. The author has had the benefit also of manuscript @@ -7820,7 +7786,7 @@ of no. 10, by Capt. A. C. Macomb, 5th U. S. Cavalry; rather free translation. Contains many half-tone reproductions of Manila walls and fortifications. -13. MSS. in the Archivo general de España, at Simancas; estado +13. MSS. in the Archivo general de España, at Simancas; estado 6958.--Concerning the capture, sack, capitulation, and surrender of Manila, the propositions of the English, its recovery, etc.; 1762-1765. This contains also the documents regarding the capture of @@ -7876,17 +7842,17 @@ in Filipinas, 1762-1764." 9. Rojo's narrative.--From original MS., entitled "Operations in Manila." -10. Synopsis of letter to Cárlos III.--From Ventura del Arco +10. Synopsis of letter to Cárlos III.--From Ventura del Arco transcripts, iv, pp. 641-649. -11. Letter to Cárlos III.--From Ventura del Arco transcripts, iv, +11. Letter to Cárlos III.--From Ventura del Arco transcripts, iv, pp. 597-620. -12. Synopsis of communications to Cárlos III.--From Ventura del Arco +12. Synopsis of communications to Cárlos III.--From Ventura del Arco transcripts, iv, pp. 621-640. The following are from the original MSS. in the Archivo general de -Simancas, all bearing pressmark "Secretaría de Gracia y Justicia; +Simancas, all bearing pressmark "SecretarÃa de Gracia y Justicia; leg. 691." 13. Letter to Gonzalez. @@ -7916,14 +7882,14 @@ NOTES [1] This paragraph was canceled by its author. A sidenote reference at this point is to San Antonio's Cronicas de ... San Gregorio. -[2] Probably the island of Busuañga, the largest of the Calamianes +[2] Probably the island of Busuañga, the largest of the Calamianes Group; spoken of previously as Buvugan. [3] A sidenote reference at this point is to Colin's Labor evangelica, and San Antonio's Cronicas. [4] The Manila galleon captured by Anson, whose real name was -"Nuestra Señora de Cabadonga." See the account of its capture in +"Nuestra Señora de Cabadonga." See the account of its capture in Kerr's Hist. and Coll. of Voyages, xi, pp. 489-501. [5] Opposite this point is a sidenote reference to Colin, apparently @@ -7948,9 +7914,9 @@ near Cape de Gatt. He also performed numerous other services of the same kind, and took and destroyed a fleet of zebecks laden with provisions. In 1756 he was captain of the "Stirling Castle," a vessel carrying 480 men, most of them the refuse of jails and the scum of -the streets. In 1759 he was sent with reënforcements to the East +the streets. In 1759 he was sent with reënforcements to the East Indies, in the "Lenox," Captain Robert Jocelyn commanding, where he -was reënforced in 1760 with five ships. He was at the reduction of +was reënforced in 1760 with five ships. He was at the reduction of Pondicherry in 1760, and at the reduction of Mahe in 1761. Thence he went to Bombay to refit, and went to meet Commodore Keppel for the attack of Bourbon and Mauritius, although these orders were @@ -8009,10 +7975,10 @@ useless. Their men left the other lanchas with the water up to their breasts carrying their muskets and cartridge-boxes on their heads. Amid this discomfort, two hundred men reached the beach. They immediately formed ranks and allowed the others to disembark more quietly. See -Martinez de Zúñiga's Historia, pp. 604, 605. +Martinez de Zúñiga's Historia, pp. 604, 605. [15] i.e., The small island of Cahayagan, at the west entrance to -port of Palápog, north of Samar Island. +port of Palápog, north of Samar Island. [16] The "Panther" carried sixty-four guns, and the "Argo" thirty. See Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 15. @@ -8043,7 +8009,7 @@ pp. 219-221; Dublin Magazine, 1763, pp. 255-257; Universal Magazine, [20] i.e., The Naranjos Group lying in the strait of San Bernardino, south of Sorsogon, and consisting of six small islands: San Andres, -Medio, Escarpada, Aguada, Dársena, and Rasa. +Medio, Escarpada, Aguada, Dársena, and Rasa. [21] Its artillery was in the hold, and it only carried above hatches, five cannons of the caliber of eight, and four of the caliber of @@ -8223,7 +8189,7 @@ From Mr. Ramsay 21 Janry 1763 Sir -I am directed by the Hoñble the Presedt, and Council to tend you +I am directed by the Hoñble the Presedt, and Council to tend you the accompanying copy of a Paragraph of a Letter from the Chief and Factors at Tellicherry containing the agreeable news of the surrender of manila to his majesty's arms on which important acquisition, @@ -8274,7 +8240,7 @@ From Mr. Ramsay Secretary 2d February (sic) 1763 Sir -I am directed by the Hoñble the President and Council to send you the +I am directed by the Hoñble the President and Council to send you the enclosed attested Copy of a Paragraph of a Letter received yesterday from the Chief and Factors at Tellicherry and to acquaint you that the Tartar snow, which has hither to been detained at Surat Bar, @@ -8322,7 +8288,7 @@ S. L. M. A letter from "Captain Duff of the 89th Regimt.," dated "Fort -St. George 24 Jañry 1763" contains the following: +St. George 24 Jañry 1763" contains the following: "In my letter sent by Captn Morrison I mentioned the news of this place at that time, in particular the arrival of Captain Wood of the @@ -8331,7 +8297,7 @@ that place to General Draper the 6th of last October he says that the Field officers have all made their fortunes and that General Draper with Colonel Scott and two or three more officers were to go home in November on board the seahorse man of War. It is said each -of the field officers have Cleared £ 12,000 and in the event of the +of the field officers have Cleared £ 12,000 and in the event of the acapulco ship being taken, of which they seemed to be pretty certain they should share very near as much more. The General and admirals shares are prodigious." @@ -8438,7 +8404,7 @@ who had been sent for its defense fled on seeing the British before them, with the exception of twenty-five men, under Captain Baltasar Cosar. See Sitio y conquista de Manila, p. 38. -[37] Called César Fallet in the Spanish accounts, but Le Gentil +[37] Called César Fallet in the Spanish accounts, but Le Gentil gives his name as Fayette. He was a French officer then in the Spanish service, and was later at Pondicherry. See post, Rojo's Journal. Rojo's account makes the Spanish force larger. @@ -8446,12 +8412,12 @@ account makes the Spanish force larger. [38] The council of war called on the twenty-fifth of September (the twenty-sixth, English date) because of the English summons for surrender, was attended by the following, under the presidency of -the archbishop: Auditors Villacorta, Galbán, and Anda; the fiscal +the archbishop: Auditors Villacorta, Galbán, and Anda; the fiscal Francisco Leandro de Viana; the marquis de Villamediana, master-of-camp and commandant of the garrison; Martin de Goicocoa, sargento-mayor of the city; the marquis de Monte-Castro y Llana Hermosa, Leandro -Rodríguez Varela, alcalde-in-ordinary; José Antonio Memije y Quirós, -alguacil-mayor; Antonio Díaz Conde, provincial alcalde of the +RodrÃguez Varela, alcalde-in-ordinary; José Antonio Memije y Quirós, +alguacil-mayor; Antonio DÃaz Conde, provincial alcalde of the Hermandad; Alberto Jacinto Reyes, accountant; and Fernando Carabeo, royal official. After Draper's letter was read, all voted unanimously: "That inasmuch as this place was in condition to continue its defense, @@ -8527,12 +8493,12 @@ British, with horrible carnage. See Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 27, 28. [45] The captors imposed several contributions on the conquered. They seized a champan and its money and effects that was despatched without -a passport by Fernando Calderón to the provinces for purposes of +a passport by Fernando Calderón to the provinces for purposes of trade. See Sitio y conquista, p. 70. [46] At the assault of the royal gate, the enemy lost but four men, one of whom was a major, who received an arrow in the face. The commander -of the regiment, Miguel Valdés and some men basely fled. See Sitio +of the regiment, Miguel Valdés and some men basely fled. See Sitio y conquista, pp. 60, 61. [47] Published with the following appendices in London Gazette, 1763; @@ -8573,7 +8539,7 @@ Draper demanded the immediate delivery of eight million escudos, the equivalent of four million pesos. [54] "After consulting the royal assembly of these islands the governor -replied: 'Gran Bretaña must know already that fear and threats are not +replied: 'Gran Bretaña must know already that fear and threats are not the securest method nor the most fitting means to celebrate treaties with the noble servants of the Spanish sovereign. History has shown the world that Spaniards know how to die like good men for their God, for @@ -8589,7 +8555,7 @@ the defense of the city," which they did gladly. Later, he ordered all the orders to furnish soldiers, and many of the religious entered the ranks. See Sitio y conquista, pp. 39, 50. -[56] "These were the two churches that Arandía desired to have +[56] "These were the two churches that ArandÃa desired to have demolished one year before his death, and for which the friars tried to excommunicate him. It is quite certain that these two citadels which were only eighty toises from the body of the city, hastened and @@ -8605,7 +8571,7 @@ and other objects of value. See Sitio y conquista, p. 42. [58] The Marquis de Ayerbe (Sitio y conquista) gives this force as consisting of two companies of fifty Spaniards, and more than two hundred Indians and mestizos with spears, muskets, and two -eight-pounders. He was seconded by José del Busto. +eight-pounders. He was seconded by José del Busto. [59] Of this sortie, Le Gentil says (ii, p. 243): "This sortie was only a kind of boast and bravado, for how could one flatter himself, with at @@ -8615,7 +8581,7 @@ thousand men of good troops, withdrawn into two or three citadels, which it would really have been necessary to have besieged in order to try to dislodge them; for the walls of all these churches are made of cut stone, and are as thick as the walls of the royal observatory, -namely, five or six feet thick, and are octagonal." The reënforcements +namely, five or six feet thick, and are octagonal." The reënforcements sent to Fayette consisted of two Spanish companies and 1,500 Indians, commanded by Pedro Iriarte; and later one other company commanded by Fernando de Araya. @@ -8651,18 +8617,18 @@ all military matters to the sargentos-mayor of Manila and Cavite, but the latter refused to do so. See Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 17. [61] On the twenty-sixth 3,000 Indian archers from the provinces -of Pampanga, Bulacán, and Laguna; but neither these volunteers nor +of Pampanga, Bulacán, and Laguna; but neither these volunteers nor 4,000 others armed with quivers, who joined later were very greatly feared by the English because of their inexperience in the art of war and their primitive armor. A contemporary paper gives the following data: "Report of the men-at-arms whom it has been possible to collect inside and outside the place, without including the troops or militia: -600 men from the province of Bulacán, in Bancusay; 1,950 Pampangos, +600 men from the province of Bulacán, in Bancusay; 1,950 Pampangos, in San Fernando and the barracks of the accountancy; 150 Pampangos in -the palace, in charge of Santa María; 133 men in the archiepiscopal +the palace, in charge of Santa MarÃa; 133 men in the archiepiscopal house, 38 of them with muskets being Tagalogs; 110 men from Meycaoyan and Bocaue, in the house of Dorado; 153 men from Hagonoy; 150 men -from Bulacán; 60 from Guiguinto; 72 from various villages; total +from Bulacán; 60 from Guiguinto; 72 from various villages; total 3,378." See Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 18. [62] He refused absolutely to accept the freedom offered him by Draper @@ -8675,24 +8641,24 @@ of the Audiencia, and some of the citizens, on the twenty-ninth, but that they were quickly put to flight by the English fire. [64] September 30, the Spaniards received a reinforcement of 609 -men from Bulacán, as follows: from Paombong, 82 men, under command +men from Bulacán, as follows: from Paombong, 82 men, under command of Sebastian Lorenzo; Bocaue, 149 men, under command of Augusto Percumenla; Calumpit, 16 men, under Juan Panganiban; Malolos, 45 men, under Anastasio Bautista; Obando, 53 men, under Pedro C. Salvador; -Angat, 79 men, under Nicolás de Aquino; San José, 30 men, under -Nicolás Matías; Polo, 75 men, under Juan Roque; and Bigáa, 80 men, +Angat, 79 men, under Nicolás de Aquino; San José, 30 men, under +Nicolás MatÃas; Polo, 75 men, under Juan Roque; and Bigáa, 80 men, under Domingo Francisco. See Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 21. On the first and second of October they were furnished with arrows, spears, and other weapons (Sitio y conquista, pp. 51, 52). [65] At dawn of the third of October, a sally was made by 2,000 Pampangos arranged in three columns: the first in command of Francisco -Rodríguez and their valiant leader Manalastas; the second in command -of Santiago Orendaín; and the third, in command of the volunteers +RodrÃguez and their valiant leader Manalastas; the second in command +of Santiago OrendaÃn; and the third, in command of the volunteers Esclava and Busto. The first reached the church of Santiago, which they found empty, but were driven thence by the British. The second bore down upon Ermita, where they were at first successful, but were -speedily driven back by the British, with a loss of 200 men, Orendaín +speedily driven back by the British, with a loss of 200 men, OrendaÃn fleeing at the beginning of the engagement, which is regarded as proof of his treachery. The third column, which was to have attacked by the sea side, grew faint hearted and retreated. Many natives, alarmed @@ -8703,13 +8669,13 @@ captured, returned to their homes. See Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 22, 23. at the council held by the archbishop on the third of October, but their advice was overruled by the marquis de Monte-Castro, the magistrates, the religious, and the merchants. This council, -as is evident from the record by Orendaín, the government secretary, +as is evident from the record by OrendaÃn, the government secretary, was called on account of a threatening letter from the British. See Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 23-25, and note; and post, pp. 206-208. [67] Some religious were ordered by the marquis de Monte-Castro to lead some Indians to the foundry to make tools for making the ditch. But -this was not done, in spite of Father Pascual Fernández, of the +this was not done, in spite of Father Pascual Fernández, of the Society of Jesus, teacher of mathematics, and the other religious, having worked with the greatest zeal. See Sitio y conquista, p. 56. @@ -8724,7 +8690,7 @@ of Santiago, but the archbishop did not permit them to fire, as he feared the vengeance of the English general. See Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 28. -[70] At the Parián gate, the resistance was but slight. Seventeen +[70] At the Parián gate, the resistance was but slight. Seventeen of the British were killed there, and but five of the Spaniards. See Sitio y conquista, p. 61. @@ -8849,7 +8815,7 @@ taken by assault." [75] Anda's baptismal record which is published by Montero y Vidal, ii, appendix, pp. 606, 607, shows that he was baptized in the church of San -Esteban Protomártir in the village of Subijana de Alava on October 23, +Esteban Protomártir in the village of Subijana de Alava on October 23, 1709. His burial (ut supra, p. 608) is noted in the burial book of the Manila cathedral under date of October 31, 1776. He was buried by the famous archbishop, Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa y Rufina, @@ -8868,7 +8834,7 @@ cordial relations with the enemy. In the summary exposition which was sent to the pope regarding this matter, it was shown that they preached against the government, and that their provincial had illicit relations with Draper during the occupancy of Manila. This was partly the reason -for their expulsion by Cárlos III. In the archives at Simancas, legajo +for their expulsion by Cárlos III. In the archives at Simancas, legajo 288 of "Gracia y justicia," exists a document charging the Jesuits as traitors for their action during the war with the British. See Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 36, and note. See the letter, post, in which @@ -8911,23 +8877,23 @@ until one is sent who shall have powers to act as such by our orders, unless the opposite or contrary is ordered in some Audiencias by the laws of this book." [Felipe II, Toledo, May 25, 1596, ordinance 43, concerning Audiencias; Felipe IV, Madrid, April 8, 1629; and in this -Recopilación.] +Recopilación.] [81] This testimony, which is given by Mas, i, pp. 139-141, and Montero y Vidal, Historia, ii, appendix, pp. 577-579, notes that Anda was appointed by the archbishop, in his capacity of governor and captain-general, as lieutenant governor and captain-general of the islands, in due form, sealed with the arms of the archbishop -and countersigned by Ramón Orendain, chief government secretary, +and countersigned by Ramón Orendain, chief government secretary, on October 1. On the same day he was appointed visitor general, by the royal Audiencia, of all the provinces of the islands, the royal provision therefor being despatched with the royal seal registered by -Andres José Rojo, lieutenant of the grand chancellor, and countersigned +Andres José Rojo, lieutenant of the grand chancellor, and countersigned by Juan de Monroy, assembly secretary. He was received in his official capacity in the province of Bulacan, and when, on the fifth, news was received of the assault and capture of Manila by the British, upon him devolved the duties of the royal Audiencia, and of the governor and -captain-general. The treasurer Nicolás de Echauz Beaumont was ordered +captain-general. The treasurer Nicolás de Echauz Beaumont was ordered to move the moneys in his charge into the interior. Accordingly he went to the province of Laguna, but for greater security was ordered to go later to Pampanga. @@ -8968,7 +8934,7 @@ worship if they did not aid the Spaniards. See Ingleses en Filipinas [89] Published by Montero y Vidal, in his Historia, ii, appendix, pp. 587-589. It is dated October 28 in this version, and is signed by -Juan Monroy and Ramon de Orendaín, in addition to the archbishop. It +Juan Monroy and Ramon de OrendaÃn, in addition to the archbishop. It is also contained in another MS. belonging to Edward E. Ayer, where it is dated October 28. @@ -9006,7 +8972,7 @@ the signal services of Anda. [96] The provincial and all the fathers of the college of Santa Cruz were imprisoned on mere suspicion; and the same was done with the prior of the Augustinian convent. All the religious and students of -Santo Tomás were imprisoned, and charged with urging the soldiers +Santo Tomás were imprisoned, and charged with urging the soldiers to desert. The British took advantage of this to search the convents and carry off what they wished. See Sitio y conquista, pp. 75, 76. @@ -9020,7 +8986,7 @@ provincial of the Philippines. See Sommervogel, vi, cols. 413, 414. [98] When Villacorta was arrested, the English promised to liberate him if Anda would retire from Pampanga to some other province (Martinez -de Zúñiga, p. 648). +de Zúñiga, p. 648). [99] Published in Malo de Luque, v, pp. 290-292; Mas, i, pp. 170-172; and Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 593, 594. @@ -9048,16 +9014,16 @@ of their text, and the form and originality which they show." These are the originals, or contemporaneous copies thereof, and cover the years 1762-1764. Lack of space forbids the use of any of them here. -[101] A German lay brother and Santiago de Orendaín went completely +[101] A German lay brother and Santiago de OrendaÃn went completely over to the English. They burned many summer residences in the suburbs, and caused all the prisoners to swear allegiance to the British, although many failed to keep this forced oath. See Sitio y conquista, pp. 73, 74. -[102] Among the prisoners taken by the enemy were the king of Joló and +[102] Among the prisoners taken by the enemy were the king of Joló and his son Israel, who bore themselves like brave men, and more honorably than some of the Spaniards who fought there. When the British forces -left, the king of Joló also fled in a ship of the English East India +left, the king of Joló also fled in a ship of the English East India Company. See Sitio y conquista, pp. 90, 130. [103] Published in part in Malo de Luque, v, pp. 293-310; Mas, i, @@ -9065,9 +9031,9 @@ pp. 172-181; and Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 594-602. The most interesting part, that reproduced above, is omitted by each of these writers. [104] Space will not permit us to give in extenso an account of the -insurrection headed by Diego Silán or Silang. It was the most obstinate +insurrection headed by Diego Silán or Silang. It was the most obstinate of all the insurrections that broke out against the Spaniards during -the English occupation. Diego Silán was born December 16, 1730, in +the English occupation. Diego Silán was born December 16, 1730, in Pangasinan province. As a lad he served the cura of Vigan, but being sent down to Manila, the boat in which he took passage was wrecked on the coast of Bolinao. All his companions were killed by the barbarous @@ -9080,32 +9046,32 @@ for him after the assault of Manila to rouse the natives, under pretext of protecting themselves from the British since the Spaniards were no longer able to defend them. Demands formulated and presented by the insurgents include the deposition of the alcalde-mayor, Antonio Zabala; -that office to be held by the provisor Tomás Millán; the election of +that office to be held by the provisor Tomás Millán; the election of one of the four chiefs of Vigan as justice; the expulsion of all the -Spaniards and mestizos from the province; the appointment of Silán to +Spaniards and mestizos from the province; the appointment of Silán to make head against the English. The insurrection makes great headway, and is soon found to be an attempt to break with all Spanish authority, -and the insurgents are incited by the British, who appoint Silán -alcalde and governor of the province of Ilocos. Silán meddles with +and the insurgents are incited by the British, who appoint Silán +alcalde and governor of the province of Ilocos. Silán meddles with ecclesiastical matters, opposing Bishop Ustariz, whereupon the latter -pronounces an interdict in Vigan. Augustinians seized by Silán are -imprisoned three separate times. Silán is finally killed by a Spanish +pronounces an interdict in Vigan. Augustinians seized by Silán are +imprisoned three separate times. Silán is finally killed by a Spanish mestizo, Miguel Vicos, May 28, 1763. This insurrection was quickly -put down after the death of Silán, who was its life and exhibited a +put down after the death of Silán, who was its life and exhibited a certain amount of shrewdness and resource. But shortly after, another -insurrection was started under Silán's uncle, Nicolás Cariño, which +insurrection was started under Silán's uncle, Nicolás Cariño, which gained considerable headway, although it was finally stifled and quiet restored. Anda took various measures against these insurrections, but it was impossible for him to leave his post in Bulacan, where English matters occupied his attention. These insurrections were perhaps the most serious that the Spanish power in the Philippines had -yet suffered. For accounts of them, see Relación de los alzamientos +yet suffered. For accounts of them, see Relación de los alzamientos de la ciudad de Vigan, cabecera de la provincia de Ilocos, en los -años de 1762 y 1763, by Pedro de Vivar, O.S.A. (written in 1764; but +años de 1762 y 1763, by Pedro de Vivar, O.S.A. (written in 1764; but published in Manila, 1893, in vol. iv, Biblioteca historica filipina), in which many documents are given; and Montero y Vidal's Historia, ii, pp. 77-114. Isabelo de los Reyes, the Ilocano writer and demagogue, -praises Silán highly. See also post, pp. 298-306. +praises Silán highly. See also post, pp. 298-306. [105] Draper and Cornish sent an edict to the Filipinos on September 24, 1762, announcing that the Filipinos need have no fear of the @@ -9139,7 +9105,7 @@ are sent copies of a manifesto inviting trade. (All these documents are contained in the manuscript entitled Ingleses en Filipinas.) [106] This edict is as follows: "Inasmuch as many malcontents of the -district of Señor Anda frequently come to the villages of Santa Cruz, +district of Señor Anda frequently come to the villages of Santa Cruz, Binondoc, etc., for the purpose of killing the officers and soldiers whom they meet; and since said malcontents flee precipitously as soon as our troops go out in pursuit of them: therefore, notice is given @@ -9169,13 +9135,13 @@ Ferrando, iv, pp. 647, 648; and Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 603-605.) [107] January 28, 1763, the fiscal Viana fled the city, going to Anda's camp, where he was gladly received, and where he became very useful. Later Villacorta also escaped to Anda's camp. The latter and -Galbán, who had been very far from doing their duty in the time of +Galbán, who had been very far from doing their duty in the time of danger, conspired to wrest the command from Anda in case of Rojo's death, on the grounds that most persons believed that the government -of the islands should be given to Bishop Ustáriz of Nueva Segovia. The +of the islands should be given to Bishop Ustáriz of Nueva Segovia. The Franciscan and Recollect provincials, and the Jesuit superior declared that the command belonged to Anda; while the other religious institutes -were neutral or sided with Bishop Ustáriz. The Augustinians pronounced +were neutral or sided with Bishop Ustáriz. The Augustinians pronounced for Villacorta. See Montero y Vidal, ii, pp. 65, 66. [108] The preliminary peace treaties were signed between Great Britain, @@ -9244,25 +9210,25 @@ also ante, pp. 129-131, note 73. [117] See document by this man in VOL. XLVII, pp. 251-284. -[118] At the death of Governor Arandía, June 1759, the government +[118] At the death of Governor ArandÃa, June 1759, the government ad interim was assumed by Miguel Lino de Espeleta, bishop of -Cebú. When Rojo took possession of the archiepiscopal see, July 22, +Cebú. When Rojo took possession of the archiepiscopal see, July 22, 1759, he claimed that the government belonged to him. The auditors -Villacorta and Galbán voted for Espeleta, and Calderon and Dávila for +Villacorta and Galbán voted for Espeleta, and Calderon and Dávila for Rojo. Espeleta, however, was backed by the troops, and the matter was accordingly decided in his favor. His first measure was the repeal of -the celebrated ordinances of good government compiled by Arandía. His -next step was the prosecution of Santiago Orendaín, the favorite of -Arandía, as he believed him to be the originator of the regulations +the celebrated ordinances of good government compiled by ArandÃa. His +next step was the prosecution of Santiago OrendaÃn, the favorite of +ArandÃa, as he believed him to be the originator of the regulations contrary to the religious, charge of the prosecution being given to -Auditor Villacorta. Orendaín took refuge in the Augustinian convent at +Auditor Villacorta. OrendaÃn took refuge in the Augustinian convent at Tondo, but was given up and lodged in the fort of Santiago. Escaping thence, he was received into the Recollect convent, whence he was taken by soldiers. The matter stirred up the opposing forces, and excommunications followed in rapid succession on both sides, the two -auditors, Calderon and Dávila being among those excommunicated. The +auditors, Calderon and Dávila being among those excommunicated. The matter was quashed by the archbishop upon the arrival of a royal -decree appointing him governor ad interim (July, 1761). Orendaín was +decree appointing him governor ad interim (July, 1761). OrendaÃn was liberated and the records of the case sent to Madrid. See Montero y Vidal, ii. pp. 7-9. @@ -9271,14 +9237,14 @@ Vidal, ii. pp. 7-9. [120] See Anda's letter to the archbishop, ante, pp. 156-158. [121] See VOLS. XLIII and XLIII; appendices in vol. ii of Montero y -Vidal's Piratería; Barrantes's Guerras piraticas, appendix: for the -negotiations between the king of Joló, and his brother Bantilan, +Vidal's PiraterÃa; Barrantes's Guerras piraticas, appendix: for the +negotiations between the king of Joló, and his brother Bantilan, and the Spaniards and English respectively. The king Ali-Mudin -and his son were taken to Joló by Brereton when the British forces +and his son were taken to Joló by Brereton when the British forces evacuated Manila in 1764. The king abdicated in favor of his son Israel. Thereupon, the Joloans divided into two factions, one in favor of the English and the other, headed by Israel, against them -(Montero y Vidal's Piratería, i, p. 338). +(Montero y Vidal's PiraterÃa, i, p. 338). [122] "The most singular of these imposts, however, is the Crusade. It was born in the ages of folly and fanaticism during which millions of @@ -9298,17 +9264,17 @@ not strictly oblige its subjects to take this bull, but the priests refused the consolations of religion to those who neglected or disdained it; and perhaps there is not in all Spanish America a man sufficiently courageous or enlightened to brave this ecclesiastical -censure." (Raynal, Etablissemens et commerce des Européens, ii, +censure." (Raynal, Etablissemens et commerce des Européens, ii, pp. 310, 311.) [123] Orendain was a mestizo (a lawyer by profession) and -maintained cordial relations with Diego Silán, the insurgent; and +maintained cordial relations with Diego Silán, the insurgent; and the communication of the latter may easily have taken place under his auspices. He bought the Augustinian convent and its library which were sold by the English with the understanding that if the latter abandoned the country, the religious could not claim their property. Embarking with the English after the peace, he was killed in Cochinchina by -order of the king of that country. Vivar's Relación, p. 299, note. +order of the king of that country. Vivar's Relación, p. 299, note. See also ante, p. 121, note 64. @@ -9339,7 +9305,7 @@ all instances, suits representing a greater sum, in the same manner, except the Audiencias of Mejico and Lima. In those Audiencias it is our will that three votes be unanimous in every particular in order to try and sentence suits representing a greater sum, as is -prescribed by the laws of these our kingdoms of Castilla." [Cárlos I, +prescribed by the laws of these our kingdoms of Castilla." [Cárlos I, in the new laws of 1542; Felipe II, Aranjuez, September 24, 1568; Felipe IV, Madrid, September 22, 1626.] @@ -9355,14 +9321,14 @@ at least in ordinary matters, the sentence shall not be pronounced until it is agreed upon and written neatly and signed. After it shall be published, it cannot be changed in any wise. The clerk shall immediately give in the court a copy of it to the party if he asks -it, under penalty of a fine of two pesos for the courts." [Cárlos I, +it, under penalty of a fine of two pesos for the courts." [Cárlos I, and the queen regent, Madrid, July 12, 1550, ordinance 14, concerning Audiencias; Felipe II, in said ordinances, no. 144.] Law cxi: "The auditors of our Audiencias where there are no alcaldes of crime, shall try criminal causes in the first instance in the city where the Audiencia resides, and five leguas about it, provided that -the prison orders are assigned by at least two auditors." [Cárlos I +the prison orders are assigned by at least two auditors." [Cárlos I and the queen regent, 1530.] Laws cvii-cxix refer to the manner of signing sentences; law cx @@ -9386,7 +9352,7 @@ the Philippines. See Le Gentil, ii, pp. 224, 225. given a Spanish plural. See Noceda and Sanlucar's Vocabulario. [130] A minute of the council of war held September 25, 1762, signed -by Ramon de Orendaín, with names of those attending and the decision +by Ramon de OrendaÃn, with names of those attending and the decision pronounced by the archbishop is contained in a MS. owned by Edward E. Ayer. @@ -9395,9 +9361,9 @@ the passion during holy week." It seems probable that it is an error of the amanuensis for prisionero, "prisoner." [132] According to manuscript maps in the archives of the Indies, -at Seville, by the engineer Feliciano Márquez, dated September 30, +at Seville, by the engineer Feliciano Márquez, dated September 30, 1767; and the pilot Francisco Xavier Estorgo, of 1770, the bastion -of Carranza is another name for the bastion of San Andrés. An Irish +of Carranza is another name for the bastion of San Andrés. An Irish pilot named Raymond Kelly was killed by the British while defending this bastion (see Sitio y conquista, p. 61) @@ -9434,10 +9400,10 @@ for they met no obstacle. See Mas, i, p. 131. [136] The column that occupied the wall by the left of the foundry took possession of everything as far as the bastion of the gate of -Santa Lucía. The greater part of the people were killed, and the gate +Santa LucÃa. The greater part of the people were killed, and the gate of Santiago alone was left free. See Sitio y conquista, p. 61. -[137] Ferrando gives this name as Nicolás de Ruiz (Historia, iv, +[137] Ferrando gives this name as Nicolás de Ruiz (Historia, iv, p. 627), but all other accounts give it as Echauz. [138] Anda was sixty-two years of age when he left Manila to undertake @@ -9457,7 +9423,7 @@ that the English hanged very many without trial or examination, as I saw several times in this place after it was lost, where I stayed for some months. They needed no gallows, for the criminals were hanged from any window grating like bananas." From History of the siege of -Manila, by Father Agustín de Santa María, whose MS. is conserved in +Manila, by Father AgustÃn de Santa MarÃa, whose MS. is conserved in the Augustinian archives of Madrid. See Mas, i, p. 135, note. [140] The castellan of Cavite at first refused to surrender the fort, @@ -9481,7 +9447,7 @@ thousand pesos of coined silver which had been hidden in a garden, and the wrought silver which had been concealed when the question of paying the million was discussed. They did not pardon the relics of the saints, which they threw on the ground, in order to take -the reliquaries in which they were kept. See Martinez de Zúñiga, +the reliquaries in which they were kept. See Martinez de Zúñiga, pp. 641, 642. [142] In the convent of the Augustinians in Manila, the British seized @@ -9492,8 +9458,8 @@ to the British authorities. See Sitio y conquista, pp. 73, 76. [143] Probably Juan Manuel Maldonado de Puga, author of Religiosa hospitalidad, which has appeared in our VOL. XLVII. -[144] The archbishop offered José Pedro Busto (who had come to the -islands with his friend Governor Arandía) the post of provincial in +[144] The archbishop offered José Pedro Busto (who had come to the +islands with his friend Governor ArandÃa) the post of provincial in the name of the British government with a salary of 5,000 pesos per year, together with the perquisites of the office and the aid that he would need. But he refused it, and left Manila with twenty Cagayans, @@ -9583,7 +9549,7 @@ under the dominion of his Catholic Majesty) are to be ceded to his Britannic Majesty. The latter is to be the recognized sovereign until the peace between both kings decides their fate. Their religion, goods, privileges, possessions, and trade are to be conserved to the subjects -of España who inhabit these islands, in the same manner that they +of España who inhabit these islands, in the same manner that they have been conserved for the inhabitants of Manila and on the island of Luzon. All the alcaldes, governors, and military men shall enjoy the honors of war if they give their word of honor not to serve or bear @@ -9597,7 +9563,7 @@ archbishop's palace in which he lived. See Sitio y conquista, pp. 76, 77. [152] A reference to Matthew xvi, 26, the Latin of the Vulgate being: -Quid enim prodest homini si mundum universum lucretur, animæ vero suæ +Quid enim prodest homini si mundum universum lucretur, animæ vero suæ detrimentum patiatur? Aut quam dabit homo commutationem pro anima sua? This reads as follows in the Douay version: "For what doth it profit a man, if he gain the whole world, and suffer the loss of his @@ -9613,7 +9579,7 @@ the alcalde himself. For this they were pardoned by Anda, who saw himself powerless to pursue any other course just then. See Mas, i, pp. 159, 160. -[154] Anda wrote Bishop Ustariz asking his coöperation in the +[154] Anda wrote Bishop Ustariz asking his coöperation in the maintenance of quiet in the provinces, in view of the British invasion, and the danger that threatened the Catholic faith. This letter the bishop sent to the Augustinian provincial with one of his own, asking @@ -9622,7 +9588,7 @@ the aid of the natives. An order promulgated by Anda, October 6, 1762, enjoins watchfulness on the part of the alcaldes-mayor. They are to forbid all passage to Manila, both of persons and supplies; are to deny all aid to the British and all strangers in their jurisdiction; and -are to arrest or kill all suspects. See Vivar's Relación, pp. 294-296. +are to arrest or kill all suspects. See Vivar's Relación, pp. 294-296. [155] Villacorta, whom Le Gentil terms a "just and impartial man," asserted that Anda was unjust toward Rojo, who was very sincere in his @@ -9653,7 +9619,7 @@ money payment (Sitio y conquista, p. 75). [162] In the province of Panay, the alcalde was corrupted by the English, but was prevented from surrendering the province, as he was seized and imprisoned by the Augustinians there, an act approved by -Anda. In Cebú, quiet was restored after the alcalde was hanged with +Anda. In Cebú, quiet was restored after the alcalde was hanged with the aid of the loyal Augustinians. See Mas, i, pp. 161, 162. [163] See synopses and excerpts of these letters, ante, pp. 153-160. @@ -9675,7 +9641,7 @@ for Anda, who, however, greatly mistrusted them. See Mas, i, pp. 160, MS.: "But the most celebrated and comical, was the disappearance of one hundred and thirty-five American soldiers, who by means of a rare stratagem deceived the vigilance of an English company which was -guarding them in the castle of San Fernando or the alcaicería of the +guarding them in the castle of San Fernando or the alcaicerÃa of the Chinese. In order that they might succeed in their projected attempt, they mined a bit of land as far as the outlet of the guardhouse, and then asked for permission to enact a farce. Their request was granted @@ -9699,17 +9665,17 @@ as fortification to the enemy, immediately, if the village were attacked. See Malo de Luque, v, pp. 281-284; alto Montero y Vidal, ii, appendix, pp. 591-593, where it is published entire. -[168] Biñang, in Laguna. +[168] Biñang, in Laguna. [169] i.e., Drake, Smith, and Brook, the representatives of the East India Company, who were left in charge after Draper and Cornish left. [170] This is the "Manifesto juridico defensorio en respuesto de los reparos hechos por el Padre Fray Antonio de las Huertas, de el Orden de -Predicadores, a un Memorial que en Real Consejo de las Indias presentó -el Padre Luis A. de Morales de la Compañia de Jesus, Procurador de +Predicadores, a un Memorial que en Real Consejo de las Indias presentó +el Padre Luis A. de Morales de la Compañia de Jesus, Procurador de su Religion, por las Provincias de Filipinas. Escrivele el Padre -Pedro de Espinar de la Compañia de Jesus, Provincial General de su +Pedro de Espinar de la Compañia de Jesus, Provincial General de su Religion, por las Provincias de Indias [Madrid, ca., 1680]." Pedro de Espinar died at Madrid, August 31, 1795. Luis de Morales was born at Tordesillas, September 29, 1641, and entered the Society August @@ -9717,7 +9683,7 @@ at Tordesillas, September 29, 1641, and entered the Society August places, and in 1685 went to Europe as procurator. He was appointed visitor of Mexico, and then provincial of the Philippine missions, and finally rector of the Manila college, where he died, June 14, -1716. See Sommervogel's Bibliothèque. +1716. See Sommervogel's Bibliothèque. [171] This last paragraph is evidently a note by Ventura del Arco. @@ -9756,8 +9722,8 @@ Anda). Villacorta, who had joined Anda, and who had been left in Bacolor by the latter who had gone to attend to camp matters, claimed the office as senior auditor. Anda, hearing of the matter, immediately returned to Bacolor. Villacorta passed the matter off as -mere conversation. But Anda investigating further, found that Galbán -and Viana claimed that Bishop Ustáriz should be governor, in accordance +mere conversation. But Anda investigating further, found that Galbán +and Viana claimed that Bishop Ustáriz should be governor, in accordance with royal orders. Anda sought advice from various ecclesiastics, but they all refused any direct answer except the Jesuit, Franciscan, and Recollect provincials, who declared in Anda's favor. The discussion @@ -9767,11 +9733,11 @@ Francisco de la Torre. See Mas, i, pp. 188-191. [180] On arriving at Bacolor, Anda speedily improvised a powder factory and foundry, and assumed the offensive immediately. The powder factory was directed by fathers Eugenio Garrido, parish priest of San -Miguel de Mayumo, and Agustín María Castro, O.S.A.; and the foundry, +Miguel de Mayumo, and AgustÃn MarÃa Castro, O.S.A.; and the foundry, by Father Facundo Acosta. See Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 39 and note. [181] The original of this letter exists in Academia de la Historia, -Madrid, "Colección Mata Linares, tomo 97" (Montero y Vidal, ii, +Madrid, "Colección Mata Linares, tomo 97" (Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 50, note). [182] Shortly before leaving Manila the British lost a ship which @@ -9779,7 +9745,7 @@ was burned at Cavite, forty-three men perishing (Sitio y conquista, p. 130). [183] This is probably the Mercure de France, which was founded by -Visé, in 1672, under the name of Mercure galant, and is the second +Visé, in 1672, under the name of Mercure galant, and is the second oldest paper of France. The name Mercure de France was adopted by Lefevre in 1714. In 1788 a political part was added under the title "Historical and political news." The publication of the sheet @@ -9799,7 +9765,7 @@ pesos. See Mas, i, p. 195, note. Anda wrote to the religious for aid in quelling it; and in order to quiet the insurgents, promised them full pardon (Mas, i, pp. 148, 149). -[186] A communication from Drake to Silán, May 9, grants him the titles +[186] A communication from Drake to Silán, May 9, grants him the titles of governor, alcalde, and sargento-mayor, of Ilocos. Montero y Vidal, ii, p. 100. @@ -9928,7 +9894,7 @@ to each class, being cast into Sterling money, comes out thus: Between the Admiral, General, and - Commodore, 1/8th £.14120 12 9 + Commodore, 1/8th £.14120 12 9 To the Captains of the navy, and Field-officers of the army, 2/8th, each 1539 0 8 1/2 To the Lieutenants and Masters of the navy, and @@ -10027,7 +9993,7 @@ Marquis Pombal, the Portuguese prime minister, who expelled the Jesuits from Portugal by the decree of September 1, 1759; and to the famous Lisbon earthquake of November 1, 1755. See Nicolini's History of Jesuits (London, 1879); Cretineau-Joly's Histoire de la Compagnie -de Jésus (Paris, 1859), v; and Griesinger's Jesuits (London, 1903, +de Jésus (Paris, 1859), v; and Griesinger's Jesuits (London, 1903, 3d ed.). [208] The storm against the Jesuits, which ended with the expulsion @@ -10061,12 +10027,12 @@ and 8,794 in wrought silver; from the Misericordia, 196,042 pesos, 2 reals, and 4 granos in coined silver; from the minor Ruiz, 1,472 pesos in wrought silver, and 836 of the deposit belonging to Varela: all of which items make a total of 459,420 pesos. The wealthy citizens -and families, to wit: Infante, Reyes, Jugo, Villar, Suárez, Ocampo, -Memije, Varela, Bogan, Piñón, Monteroso, Mazo, Neyra, Lizárraga, -Ruano, Noriega, Castro, Solano, Otal, Casañas, Cachit, Mantilla, -Barrio, León y Verdugo--48,777 pesos. The sack amounted to 418,442 +and families, to wit: Infante, Reyes, Jugo, Villar, Suárez, Ocampo, +Memije, Varela, Bogan, Piñón, Monteroso, Mazo, Neyra, Lizárraga, +Ruano, Noriega, Castro, Solano, Otal, Casañas, Cachit, Mantilla, +Barrio, León y Verdugo--48,777 pesos. The sack amounted to 418,442 pesos. The English seized 25,000 pesos from [the property of] the -absent Blanco; from the marqués de Monte Castro, 8,000 pesos; from +absent Blanco; from the marqués de Monte Castro, 8,000 pesos; from the marquesa de Salinas, 10,000 pesos; in the seizure of San Pablo, the convent of the Calced Augustinian fathers, 60,000 pesos, which were buried, in coined silver, and 40,000 in wrought silver. To all @@ -10083,365 +10049,4 @@ his Catholic Majesty's treasury. The total sum is 3,069,639 pesos." End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume XLIX, by Various -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, VOLUME XLIX *** - -***** This file should be named 56778-8.txt or 56778-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/7/7/56778/ - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 56778 *** diff --git a/56778-h/56778-h.htm b/56778-h/56778-h.htm index 3372279..7683f15 100644 --- a/56778-h/56778-h.htm +++ b/56778-h/56778-h.htm @@ -752,53 +752,7 @@ font-size:small; <body> -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume -XLIX, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume XLIX - Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the - islands and their peoples, their history and records of - the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books - and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial - and religious conditions of those islands from their - earliest relations with European nations to the close of - the nineteenth century - -Author: Various - -Editor: Emma Helen Blair - -Translator: James Alexander Robertson - -Release Date: March 18, 2018 [EBook #56778] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, VOLUME XLIX *** - - - - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ - - - - - - -</pre> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 56778 ***</div> <div class="front"> <div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= @@ -12045,380 +11999,7 @@ links may not work for you.</p> -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; -Volume XLIX, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, VOLUME XLIX *** - -***** This file should be named 56778-h.htm or 56778-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/7/7/56778/ - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 56778 ***</div> </body> </html> |