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| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-07 16:00:01 -0800 |
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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..617a155 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #55585 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/55585) diff --git a/old/55585-0.txt b/old/55585-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9fe9a72..0000000 --- a/old/55585-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4193 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Manual of Style governing Composition and -Proof Reading in the Government Printing , by United States Government Printing Office - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Manual of Style governing Composition and Proof Reading in the Government Printing Office - -Author: United States Government Printing Office - -Release Date: September 20, 2017 [EBook #55585] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MANUAL OF STYLE *** - - - - -Produced by deaurider, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=. - Strikethru text is denoted by ++double plus signs++. - A small box representing a space is denoted by the ▢ symbol. - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example A^1 or ^{cm}. - - Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book. - - - - - MANUAL OF STYLE - - GOVERNING - - COMPOSITION AND PROOF READING - - IN THE - - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. - - PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER. - - WASHINGTON: - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. - 1894. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - Page. - - ABBREVIATIONS 8 - - BILL STYLE 25-28 - - CAPITALIZATION 9-16 - - COMPOUNDING 17 - - COURT WORK 22 - - FOLLOW--FOLLOW LIT 22 - - GENERAL TESTIMONY 23 - - GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 7 - - GREEK ACCENTS 40 - - GREEK ALPHABET 40 - - GREEK CASE 40 - - JOURNAL WORK 29-32 - - MATHEMATICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, AND PHYSICAL SIGNS 39 - - MISCELLANEOUS 24 - - ORTHOGRAPHY 7 - - PREFACE 5 - - STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS 39 - - SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS 6 - - SUGGESTIONS FOR COMPOSITORS, READERS, AND REVISERS 33-38 - - TABULAR WORK 19-21 - - USE OF FIGURES 18 - - USE OF ITALIC 23 - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Clear and positive rules for composition and proof reading are -needed in printing offices to prevent confusion and unnecessary -delay and expense. Inflexible rules for style in all works can -not be given, but for the general work of the Government Printing -Office the rules herein contained will be observed. When important -changes are to be made, written or printed instructions will be -furnished or there will be a special preparation of copy. - -All persons connected with the typographical divisions of this -office are requested to preserve this book and study carefully and -well the rules and suggestions offered for their guidance. - -Department editors are requested to make their copy conform as -nearly as possible to the style here presented, and to specify -fully when sending work to this office any general deviation -therefrom that may be desired. - - - - -SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS. - - -Authors are advised to so prepare their copy that it can be clearly -understood by the printer. Nothing should be left for conjecture. -Measurable perfection can be secured by first transcribing copy on -the typewriter, and before releasing it for publication giving it -as careful revision as is afterwards given proof sheets. In the -end this will not only save time, but Department printing funds -frequently exhausted in making author’s corrections in proof will -be available for other work. Typewritten copy is always preferable, -when not on paper too thin, but plain copy is absolutely essential -to good work. - -The following are offered as suggestions which, if heeded, will -enable this office to achieve the best results: - -1. All paragraphs should be clearly marked on copy, thus avoiding -vexatious misprints due to overrunning in proof. - -2. Objects, photographs, or drawings for illustration should -accompany manuscript. Each should bear the name of the publication -to which it belongs, together with the figure or plate number, and -necessary titles or legends for the same should be inserted at the -proper place in copy. A complete list of plates and figures should -always accompany the paper. - -3. When a work is made up of several parts, or papers, a carefully -prepared schedule of the desired arrangement should be forwarded -with the manuscript. - -4. Proper names and technical terms should be plainly and carefully -written, using CAPITAL letters if necessary, and each should be -verified before the copy is sent to the printer. - -5. Details of capitalization and punctuation may be safely left to -the printers and proof readers. It is part of their profession; -they make a study of the subject, and will generally meet the -author’s taste. - -6. Write only on one side of the paper. When printed matter -covering more than one side of a sheet is used as copy, a DUPLICATE -should be furnished; otherwise much trouble is caused in cutting. - -7. When, as an afterthought, new matter making more than a line is -inserted, it should be written on a separate sheet and the place -for its insertion clearly indicated. - -8. Galley proofs will be furnished when desired. It is important -that all corrections be made on the first proofs; later ones should -be used only for purposes of verification. - -9. Corrections in stereotype or electrotype plates usually do -more harm than good. They weaken the plate and render new errors -probable through damaged letters. - -10. Authors and compilers are requested to direct those handling -their manuscript to transmit the same to the Printing Office in -flat form--never to roll it if it can be avoided. - - - - -RULES GOVERNING WORK IN THE DOCUMENT DIVISIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT -PRINTING OFFICE. - -(Adopted December 3, 1894.) - - - - -ORTHOGRAPHY. - - -1. Follow Webster’s International Dictionary. - -2. Observe the spelling of the following words: - - Arapahoe - Arapahoes - Navajo - Navajoes - upward - downward - backward - forward - toward - aftward - afterwards - draft, drafting, etc. - manila (city and product) - canyon - embed - waterway - employee - missfire - farther (distance) - further (other than distance) - -3. Use the following forms of words: - - O. K. - taggers tin - feet, B. M. - Anderson & Co.’s invoice - 5 by (not x) 10 inches - by day (not day’s) labor - State (not State’s) prison - quartermaster stores - one-fourth (where ¼ is marked “spell” in copy) - Jones’s (possessive) - can not - waterworks - waterway - cattleman - -4. Omit the dieresis in such words as reexamine, cooperation, -preemption, zoology. - -5. The following is a list of words in common use in which accented -letters occur. Follow it, except in works of the United States -Geological Survey and United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, in -which no accented letters are permissible: - - attaché - bête noir - blasé - Champs Élysées - chargé d’affaires - confrère - coup d’état - coup de grâce - débris - élite - en arriére - en échelon - en déshabille - en règle - entrée - entrepôt - eozoon - exposé - façade - fête champêtre - garçon - matériel (Fr.) - mêlée - née - papier mâché - procés verbal - protégé - régime - résumé - rôle - rôle d’équipage - - - - -GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. - - -1. In the spelling of geographic names give preference as follows: -Decisions of the United States Board on Geographic Names, United -States Postal Guide, Lippincott’s Gazetteer, and Rand, McNally & -Co.’s Atlas, in the order named. - -2. The following are the general rules governing the decisions of -the Board on Geographic Names: - - The possessive apostrophe is dropped. - The final “h” is dropped from names ending in “burgh”: Pittsburg, - not Pittsburgh. - Names ending in “borough” are contracted to “boro”: Boonsboro, not - Boonsborough. - Names are not compounded: Alluwe, not Al-lu-we; Hongkong, not - Hong-Kong. - “C. H.” is omitted as part of the names of county seats: Fairfax, - not Fairfax C. H. - Spell Center, not Centre. - Accented letters are not used, except in rare instances, as Curaçao; - Réunion; St. François. - - - - -ABBREVIATIONS. - - -1. Follow Postal-Guide contractions for States and Territories -(except Oregon, for which use Oreg.) after names of forts, -barracks, arsenals, navy-yards, naval stations, post-offices, -counties, military or Indian reservations, and Indian agencies. -Note the following examples: - - Fort Barrancas, Fla. - Vancouver Barracks, Wash. - Rock Island Arsenal, Ill. - League Island Navy-Yard, Pa. - Key West Naval Station, Fla. - Albany, N. Y. - Hudson County, N. J. - Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nev. - Pine Ridge Agency, S. Dak. - Springfield Armory, Mass. - Fort Myer Military Reservation, Va. - - -POSTAL-GUIDE CONTRACTIONS. - - Alabama Ala. - Alaska Territory Alaska - Arizona Territory Ariz. - Arkansas Ark. - California Cal. - Colorado Colo. - Connecticut Conn. - Delaware Del. - District of Columbia D. C. - Florida Fla. - Georgia Ga. - Idaho Idaho - Illinois Ill. - Indiana Ind. - Indian Territory Ind. T. - Iowa Iowa - Kansas Kans. - Kentucky Ky. - Louisiana La. - Maine Me. - Maryland Md. - Massachusetts Mass. - Michigan Mich. - Minnesota Minn. - Mississippi Miss. - Missouri Mo. - Montana Mont. - Nebraska Nebr. - Nevada Nev. - New Hampshire N. H. - New Jersey N. J. - New Mexico Territory N. Mex. - New York N. Y. - North Carolina N. C. - North Dakota N. Dak. - Ohio Ohio - Oklahoma Territory Okla. - Oregon Oregon - Pennsylvania Pa. - Rhode Island R. I. - South Carolina S. C. - South Dakota S. Dak. - Tennessee Tenn. - Texas Tex. - Utah Territory Utah - Vermont Vt. - Virginia Va. - Washington Wash. - West Virginia W. Va. - Wisconsin Wis. - Wyoming Wyo. - -2. Titles of courtesy and professional titles preceding names will -be contracted or spelled according to the following list: - - Mr. - Messrs. - Mrs. - Dr. - Professor (with surname) - Prof. (with Christian name) - Rev. (the Reverend) - Right Rev. - Very Rev. - Hon. (the Honorable) - Right Hon. - * M. (monsieur) - * MM. (messieurs) - * Mme. (madame) - * Mlle. (mademoiselle) - * Mgr. (monsignor) - * Sig. (signor) - * Signora - * Signorita - * Señor - * Señorita - * Señora - * Herr - - NOTE.--When any of the titles marked with an asterisk, with or - without the Christian name, precedes “de,” use lower-case “d;” - otherwise use capital “D.” This rule applies also to “du,” “von,” - “van,” etc. - -3. Military and official titles preceding names will be spelled -out in text when the Christian name or initial is not used, but in -tabular work and where the Christian name or initial is used the -annexed list will be the guide: - - President - Governor - Supt. - Bvt. (brevet) - Army titles: - Gen. - Lieut. Gen. - Maj. Gen. - Brig. Gen. - Adjt. Gen. - Surg. Gen. - Judge-Advocate-Gen. - Insp. Gen. - Com. Gen. - Q. M. Gen. - P. M. Gen. - Col. - Lieut. Col. - Maj. - Surg. - Chaplain - Capt. - Asst. Surg. - First Lieut. - Second Lieut. - Sergt. Maj. - Hosp. Steward - Com. Sergt. - Q. M. Sergt. - Ord. (ordnance) Sergt. - Sergt. - First Sergt. - Second Sergt. - Orderly-Sergt. - Corpl. - Private - Musician - Navy titles: - Admiral - Vice-Admiral - Rear-Admiral - Commodore - Capt. - Commander - Lieut. Commander - Lieut. - Lieut. (Junior Grade) - Ensign - Surg. - P. A. Surg., etc. - Asst. Surg. - Chief Engineer - Chaplain - -4. Distinguishing titles and college degrees, following names, will -always be contracted, as jr., sr., esq.; Ph. D., LL. D.; U. S. A., -U. S. N. (See also under “CAPITALIZATION.”) - - NOTE.--The contractions “U. S. A.” and “U. S. N.,” for United - States Army and United States Navy will be used when so written. - When written “U. S. Army” or “U. S. Navy,” spell in full, as-- - - John L. Worden, U. S. N. - R. W. Meade, United States Navy. - N. A. Miles, U. S. A. - G. G. Crook, United States Army. - -5. In parenthetic references to books use “p.” and “pp.” for page -and pages, and “sec.” and “secs.” for section and sections. - -6. “St.” will be used for Saint, but Fort and Mount will not be -abbreviated. - -7. Use “etc.” instead of “&c.” Use the character “&” in firm names, -but not in titles of companies having geographic or commercial -words as part of the corporate name, nor in literary, scientific, -artistic, or musical companionships. Examples: - - Smith & Brown. - George W. Johnson & Co. - William Greene & Bro. - Wigton Bros. & Co. - Harlan & Hollingsworth Company. - Brown & Jones Mining and Milling Company. - Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. - Washington and Norfolk Steamboat Company. - Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company. - Washington Flour and Feed Company. - Eastern and Western Transportation Company. - Gilbert and Sullivan. - Cuvier and Valenciennes. - Hay and Nicolay. - -8. Comprehensive examples of the use of the word “Company” and its -contraction “Co.” are given above. (See also “Contractions” under -“TABULAR WORK.”) - -9. Do not use abbreviation “U. S.” except in connection with naval -and other vessels of the Government, as U. S. S. _Kearsarge_, U. -S. gunboat _Katahdin_, U. S. monitor _Miantonomoh_, U. S. torpedo -boat _Ericsson_, U. S. light-house tender _Maple_, etc.; but the -contraction may be used in signature and address lines where -extreme length makes it desirable. - -10. Set references to scriptural texts as follows: Genesis xv, 24; -II Samuel viii, 9-13; St. Matthew vii, 5. - -11. Streets of the District of Columbia: Fifth street NW.; Florida -avenue NE.; Four-and-a-half street SW. - -12. Where compass directions are contracted, use the forms NE., -NNW., etc. - -13. Use “F.” for Fahrenheit and “C.” for centigrade when -temperatures are given. - -14. Use “Pl.” and “Fig.” for plate and figure before roman -numerals, as Pl. VI, Fig. XII; “pl.” and “fig.” before figures, as -pl. 6, fig. 12. - -15. Use “Rev. Stat.” for Revised Statutes, and “Stat. L.” for -Statutes at Large, in citations. - -16. Set abbreviations for section, township, range, etc., thus: SE. -¼ sec. 5, T. 9 N., R. 2 E. - -17. Use “loc. cit.” for loco citato; “op. cit.” for opere citato; -“sp. gr.” for specific gravity, and “sp. nov.” for species nova. - -18. Where the metric system of weights and measures is used, follow -copy, and where contractions occur use roman lower-case or superior -letters, according to indicated preference, as “cm. or ^{cm},” for -centimeter; “mm. or ^{mm},” for millimeter; “c. c. or ^{cc},” for -cubic centimeter. - -19. After “per cent” and “viz” omit the period. - -20. References to Congressional documents: House Ex. Doc. No. 6, -Forty-seventh Congress, second session; Senate Mis. Doc. No. 10, -Forty-sixth Congress, first session. - -21. Use “_v._” (_versus_) in all cases except “fol.” and “fol. lit.” - -22. The symbol “m/n,” used in connection with South American -financial statements, will be spelled “national money,” in -parentheses, immediately following the amount, as $146 (national -money); Rs. 146 (national money). - -23. English money will be expressed by the use of the symbols “£” -“s.” “d.” when amounts are given, as £227 14s. 6d. - -(See also “Contractions” under “TABULAR WORK,” “Supreme Court -records,” and “Court of Claims opinions, briefs, and decisions.”) - - - - -CAPITALIZATION. - - -1. Use caps for roman numerals designating pages, chapters, -articles, or plates. - -2. Use caps for college degrees, viz, D. D., Ph. D., LL. D., A. M., -B. A., etc. - -3. Use lower-case “r” in Sr. and Jr., and “sq.” in Esq. in -addresses and signatures. - -4. Capitalize, both singular and plural, “department,” “bureau,” -“survey,” “corps,” and “service,” when referring to an Executive -Department or important bureau, of the United States Government; -“congress,” referring to the United States Congress; “house,” -referring to the United States Senate or House of Representatives. - -5. Capitalize, singular and plural, Senator, Representative, -Delegate, and Member of the United States Congress and the -principal officers of both Houses. Observe the following: - - Architect of the Capitol - President - Secretary - Chaplain - Sergeant-at-Arms - Speaker - Clerk - Doorkeeper - -6. Capitalize the legislative bodies, with their sections, of -Governments: - - Parliament - House of Lords - House of Commons - the Lords - the Commons - the Reichstag - Rigsdag - Reichsrath - National Assembly - Corps Législatif - Bundesrath - Skupshtina - Cortes - Legislature (Hawaii) - the Right - the Center - the Left - States-General (Holland) - -7. The words “president,” “king,” “queen,” “czar,” “emperor,” etc., -when used definitely and referring to rulers of countries, should -be capitalized, as the President, the Emperor, the Emperor of -China, the Chinese Emperor, etc. - -8. Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation. Example: -Solomon says, “Pride goeth before destruction.” Do not capitalize -such indirect quotations as “a wise man says that pride goeth -before destruction.” - -9. Capitalize the first word of such indirect quotations as the -following, but do not quote: - - The orator’s chief thought was, How shall we pay the debt? - The penitent’s cry was, What shall I do to be saved? - The subject for debate was, Which is the greater, the pen or the - sword? - -10. Capitalize all commissions and boards authorized by act -of Congress when given in full, singular and plural, as Fish -Commission, Civil Service Commission, Mississippi River Commission, -District of Columbia Board of Commissioners, Light-House Board, -etc.; also the words “commission,” “commissioner,” and “board” -where standing alone and referring to the above. - -11. Capitalize all words denoting the Deity; “Reformation” (the), -“Revolution” (1776), “Revolutionary war,” “French Revolution.” - -12. Capitalize the words “army” and “navy” only when they mean the -entire Army and Navy of the United States, and lower-case when used -as adjectives. Examples: - - The troops were supplied with army saddles and blankets. - The army before Nashville was commanded by General Thomas. - He spoke for the Army and Navy, as well as the Administration. - Their clothes were made of navy cloth, and their general appearance - was that of navy officials. - He is at the head of the American Navy and conversant with - everything pertaining to navy affairs. - -13. When any word is used specifically as a synonym for -“Government” and refers to any nation, as “crown,” “empire,” -“kingdom,” “republic,” “administration,” or “state,” capitalize it, -singular or plural. When indefinite or applied to dependencies, -lower-case it. Examples: - - The Government of the United States, which Government is the best - of Governments. - President Cleveland’s Administration compared favorably with - preceding Administrations. - His estates were forfeited to the Crown, and his jewels were used - to adorn the King’s crown. - Upon the fall of the French Empire, the Empire of Germany was - proclaimed. - France, as a republic, strengthened the Republics of the world; - as an empire, it weakened them. - -14. Capitalize “state,” “territory,” “district” (applied to a -Federal district, as District of Alaska, District of Columbia), -“canton” (in Switzerland), “province” (in Canada and Australia), -etc., both singular and plural, when referring to administrative -divisions of any country. - -15. When the word “state” is used in contradistinction to “church,” -lower-case it, as “A union of church and state;” also “secretary of -state of New York,” “state policy,” “affairs of state,” etc. - -16. Capitalize heads of Departments and Bureaus (of the United -States Government only), but lower-case division and section -officers. - -17. Capitalize names of political parties: Republicans, Democrats, -Tories, Home Rulers, Populists, People’s Party, Prohibition party, -Prohibitionists, Farmers’ Alliance, Liberals, etc. - -18. Capitalize names of societies: Odd Fellows, B’nai B’rith, etc. - -19. Capitalize names of geological ages, eras, and periods: - - Ages: - Archæan - Paleozoic - Cenozoic - Eras: - Lower Silurian - Upper Silurian - Devonian - Carboniferous - Mesozoic - Jura-Trias - Jurassic-- - Lias - Oolite - Purbeck - Triassic-- - Lower - Middle - Upper - Rhætic - Cretaceous-- - Lower - Tertiary - Quaternary - Post-Tertiary - Azoic - Ezoic - Cambrian - Periods: - Calciferous - Chazy - Corniferous - Subcarboniferous - Carboniferous - Permian - Eocene - Oligocene - Miocene - Pliocene - Glacial - Recent - -20. Capitalize all designations in connection with capital letters -or roman numerals, as Title XV, Schedule C, Finding VI, Exhibit K, -Statement B, Article IV, Art. V, Chapter IX, Chap. XI, Volume XX, -Vol. X, Section VII, Sec. VI, etc.; but lower-case when used with -figures, as chapter 10, volume 5, chap. 8, vol. 2, etc. “Exhibit,” -“Appendix,” and “Table” will be capitalized in all cases when -preceding numerals or figures. - -21. Capitalize the principal words in full titles of books, plays, -and pictures, but do not quote. Also short titles of books, when -in the singular, as Brown’s Grammar, Bancroft’s History, Webster’s -Dictionary, etc. When referring to a subject in a book, quote, but -capitalize only the first word. - -22. Capitalize “Presidential,” “Congressional,” “Senatorial,” and -“Territorial,” referring to the President, Congress, Senate, and a -Territory of the United States. - -23. Signature and address names will be set in caps and small caps, -with title or direction following in italics, in the same line if -not over half the line is used for the purpose; otherwise hanging -two ems or more. Capitalize principal words in lines connected with -signatures and addresses. Make signatures and addresses compact, -using partially filled lines where the contiguous matter is open -enough to give a signature proper prominence. It is well to have a -white line between text and signature, but this is not imperative; -general appearance must govern. Signatures are placed at the right -of the page, indented 1, 3, or 5 ems from the right, as may be -necessary; addresses are placed to the left, flush if at the top of -a paper, indented one em if at the bottom, italic lines following -indented as much as necessary to a good appearance. Do not use -slugs to separate dash lines from signature or address lines where -the dash will bear off one or more blank lines if solid. The -following examples cover the most common forms: - - the Clerk of the House of Representatives on the 4th day of December, - A. D. 1893. - - ▢▢▢Very respectfully, JAMES KERR,▢▢▢ - _Clerk of the House of Representatives_.▢ - - ▢Hon. CHARLES F. CRISP, - ▢▢▢_Speaker of the House of Representatives_. - - - ▢▢▢I am, very respectfully, yours, etc., - JOHN RANDOLPH,▢▢▢ - _Assistant Clerk Court of Claims_.▢ - - - disposed of, both as a record of the fact and as a limitation of the - authority conferred. - - ▢▢▢(Signed) JOHN S. HENDERSON,▢▢▢ - JNO. A. CALDWELL, - _Committee on the part of the House of Representatives_.▢ - [Observe lead.] WM. F. VILAS, - JAMES MCMILLAN, - _Committee on the part of the Senate_.▢ - - - bia, on account of the sewer debt of the District of Columbia to the - United States. - - ▢▢▢Very respectfully, - A. C. MATTHEWS,▢▢▢ - _Comptroller_. - By J. R. GARRISON, - _Deputy Comptroller_.▢ - ▢JOHN JAY, _Washington, D. C._ - - - report, which has been received, and is herewith transmitted with my - concurrence. - - ▢▢▢Respectfully, yours, - J. G. CARLISLE, _Secretary_. - ▢Hon. GEORGE D. WISE, - ▢▢▢_Chairman Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, - House of Representatives_. - - - Brig. Gen. THOMAS L. CASEY, - ▢▢_Chief of Engineers, U. S. A., Washington, D. C._ - - ▢DEAR SIR: - * * * * * - of Maryland, this 28th day of May, A. D. 1885. - ▢[SEAL.] T. WATKINS LIGON.▢ - ▢By the governor: - ▢▢▢NATHANIEL COX, _Secretary of State_. - - - the day and year first above written. - J. M. WILBUR. [SEAL.]▢ - BARTLETT, ROBINS & CO.▢[SEAL.]▢ - ▢In presence of-- - ▢▢▢A. T. BROWN. - A. B. W. DEW. - - - ▢▢▢I am, General, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, - C. G. SAWTELLE,▢▢▢ - _Colonel and Chief Quartermaster Military Division of the Gulf_.▢ - ▢Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, - ▢▢▢_Quartermaster-General United States Army, Washington, D. C._ - - - ▢▢▢I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient - servant, - S. P. LANGLEY, _Secretary_.▢ - -NOTE.--In cases like the two preceding observe use of lead between -text line and signature. - -24. Titles preceding names will always be capitalized: Senior -Warden Brown; Grand Master Williamson; Master Workman Sovereign; -Sergeant Murphy; Private O’Donnell; Boatswain Given; Tinsmith -Harris, etc. - -25. Lower-case participles derived from proper names, such as -anglicized, frenchified, romanized, gallicized; also adjective or -qualifying nouns indirectly derived from and compounded with proper -names, as tropical, arctic, transatlantic, etc. - -26. Geographic zones or sections of the world, when used as proper -nouns, take the capital, as the Tropics, the Arctics, the Levant, -the Orient. When used as adjectives, use lower-case, as antarctic -ice, tropical plants, oriental customs, levantine silk, morocco -or russia leather, china or wedgwood pottery. Such words as india -rubber, india ink, paris green, london purple, prussian blue, -venetian red, roman type, gothic letter (but Gothic architecture), -that describe things and are also used as nouns, do not take the -capital, although they are, or are derived from, proper names. - -27. Capitalize titles clearly intended as synonyms of proper names. -Examples: - - You will go, Major, to New York. - I am anxious about our friend, the Captain. - Mr. Speaker, I rise to a point of order. - I am, General, your obedient servant. - -28. Titles not clearly used as synonyms, or when used in a general -way, will not be capitalized. Examples: - - He was taken before the judge. - The captain was breveted. - -29. Where the word “o’clock” occurs in phrases or headlines -involving the use of capitals, always set it “o’clock;” never use -the form o’Clock, O’Clock, or O’clock. - -30. In caps-and-small-caps cross headings, or headings of any kind -in which capitals are used, capitalize principal words. [Copy -preparers will take full responsibility for uniformity in this -matter and mark copy plainly.] - -31. In tables of contents which are set in small caps capitalize -only the first word and proper names. - -32. Capitalize the titles of standing and select committees of the -Senate and House of Representatives of the United States and the -different forms of the same, both singular and plural, as Committee -on Ways and Means; Ways and Means Committees. The following list -gives the official nomenclature of Congressional committees, with -the proper capitalization: - -HOUSE. - - Committee on-- - Elections. - Ways and Means. - Appropriations. - the Judiciary. - Banking and Currency. - Coinage, Weights, and Measures. - Interstate and Foreign Commerce. - Rivers and Harbors. - Merchant Marine and Fisheries. - Agriculture. - Foreign Affairs. - Military Affairs. - Naval Affairs. - the Post-Office and Post-Roads. - the Public Lands. - Indian Affairs. - the Territories. - Railways and Canals. - Manufactures. - Mines and Mining. - Public Buildings and Grounds. - the Pacific Railroads. - Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River. - Education. - Labor. - the Militia. - Patents. - Invalid Pensions. - Pensions. - Claims. - War Claims. - Private Land Claims. - the District of Columbia. - the Revision of the Laws. - Reform in the Civil Service. - Election of President and Vice-President and Representatives - in Congress. - Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. - Irrigation of Arid Lands. - Immigration and Naturalization. - Ventilation and Acoustics. - Expenditures in the State Department. - Expenditures in the Treasury Department. - Expenditures in the War Department. - Expenditures in the Navy Department. - Expenditures in the Post-Office Department. - Expenditures in the Interior Department. - Expenditures in the Department of Justice. - Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture. - Expenditures on Public Buildings. - Rules. - Accounts. - Mileage. - the Library (also Joint Committee on). - Printing (also Joint Committee on). - Enrolled Bills (also Joint Committee on). - Joint Commission of Congress to Inquire into the Status of Laws - Organizing the Executive Departments. - Joint Commission on Disposition of Useless Papers in Executive - Departments. - -SENATE. - - Committee-- - on Agriculture and Forestry. - on Appropriations. - to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. - on the Census. - on Civil Service and Retrenchment. - on Claims. - on Coast Defenses. - on Commerce. - on the District of Columbia. - on Education and Labor. - on Engrossed Bills. - on Enrolled Bills. - on Epidemic Diseases. - to Examine the Several Branches of the Civil Service. - on Finance. - on Fisheries. - on Foreign Relations. - on Immigration. - on Improvement of the Mississippi River and its Tributaries. - on Indian Affairs. - on Indian Depredations. - on Interstate Commerce. - on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands. - on the Judiciary. - on the Library. - on Manufactures. - on Military Affairs. - on Mines and Mining. - on Naval Affairs. - on Organization, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive - Departments. - on Pacific Railroads. - on Patents. - on Pensions. - on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. - on Printing. - on Private Land Claims. - on Privileges and Elections. - on Public Buildings and Grounds. - on Public Lands. - on Railroads. - on Relations with Canada. - on the Revision of the Laws of the United States. - on Revolutionary Claims. - on Rules. - on Territories. - on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard. - Select Committee-- - to Investigate the Condition of the Potomac River Front of - Washington. - to Inquire into all Claims of Citizens of the United States - against the Government of Nicaragua. - on Woman Suffrage. - on Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress. - on the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians. - on Transportation and Sale of Meat Products. - to Establish the University of the United States. - on the Quadro-Centennial. - to Investigate the Geological Survey. - on National Banks. - on Forest Reservations. - on Corporations in the District of Columbia. - to Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands. - on Ford Theater Disaster. - -33. Capitalize “county,” “township,” and “ward” (singular form -only), when used with the proper name. - -34. Capitalize “river,” “bay,” “cape,” “harbor,” “mount,” “island,” -etc. (singular form only), when used with the proper name. - -35. Capitalize such words as “building,” “asylum,” “bridge,” -“bank,” “school,” “hospital,” etc. (singular form only), when used -with the proper name. - -36. The following list will be found convenient as a guide to -capitalization: - - Absentee Shawnees. - Act, Thurman, Tucker, etc. - Acting Secretary of the Senate. - Acting Secretary of State, etc. - Administration (National). - Admiral. - Admiralty (British). - Agency, Chippewa, etc. - Agricultural Report. - Albany Penitentiary. - Appendix IV. - Appendix A. - Appointment Office. - Aqueduct, Washington, etc. - Aqueduct Bridge. - Army Gun Factory. - Army: - General of the - Lieutenant-General of the - Major-General Commanding the - Adjutant-General (’s Office). - Inspector-General (’s Office). - Judge-Advocate-General. - Quartermaster-General (’s Office). - Commissary-General of Subsistence. - Surgeon-General (’s Office). - Paymaster-General (’s Office). - Chief of Engineers. - Chief Signal Officer. - Chief of Ordnance. - Regular Army. - Volunteer Army. - Army Medical Museum. - army officer, nurse, wagon, etc. - Architect of the Capitol. - Architect of the Treasury Department. - Armory (Springfield). - Arsenal, Rock Island, etc. - Articles of War. - article of war, sixty-second. - Artillery School (United States). - assembly, Pennsylvania - Assistant Attorney-General (United States). - Assistant Commissioner of the General Land Office. - Assistant Commissioner of Patents. - Assistant Postmaster-General, First, Second, etc. - Assistant Secretary of the Interior, etc. - Associated Press. - Atlantic Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country). - Attorney-General. - Auditor, First, Second, etc. - Auditor of Railroad Accounts. - Band, Eastern, etc., of Cherokees. - Bank, Central, etc. - Bay, Chesapeake, etc. - Bethlehem Iron Works. - Bible or Scriptures. - Black Friday. - Board (when definite). - Board of Engineers. - Board of General Appraisers. - Board of Ordnance and Fortification. - board of public works (District of Columbia). - Board of Underwriters (New York). - Board of Managers of the Soldiers’ Home. - Board of Trade of Philadelphia, etc. - Board on Geographic Names. - Book of Estimates. - Botanist, the (Agr. Dept.) - Botanic Garden. - Bowman Act. - Building, Winder, etc. - buildings, Winder and Logan - building, Treasury, etc. - Bureau (when definite). - Bureau of Accounts (and all other bureaus of the Navy Department). - Cabinet, the - Calendar, the - Calendar of Bills and Resolutions. - Calendar, Private. - Capitol Grounds. - Capitol, the - Capitol police. - Carnegie Steel Works. - Cavalry and Infantry School (United States). - Census Bulletin No. 420. - Census, Tenth, Eleventh, etc. - central Ohio. - Chairman (Committee of the Whole). - Chairman of the Light-House Board. - Chamber (of House or Senate). - Charles II of England. - Chemist, the (Agr. Dept.) - Cherokee Strip or Outlet. - Chief of the Bureau of, etc. - Chief Clerk, House or Senate. - Chief Intelligence Officer. - Chief of the Record and Pension Division. - Chief Justice (of United States Supreme Court). - Chief Magistrate. - Christian. - Christianity. - Christendom. - Christianize. - Church, the Methodist, etc. (denomination) - Church, St. Aloysius, etc. (congregation) - church, St. Paul’s (building) - Circle, Iowa, etc. (as a park) - cisatlantic, etc. - City of Mexico. - Civil Service Commission (ers). - Clerk of the House. - Coast and Geodetic Survey. - Code, the Mississippi - College, Columbia, etc. - Colonel Commandant (Marine Corps). - Commissioner of Patents, etc. - Commissioners of District of Columbia. - Comptroller, First, Second, etc. - Comptroller of the Currency. - Confederate States. - Consular Bureau. - Congressional. - Congressional Directory. - Congressional Library. - Constitution (United States). - Continent, the (Europe) - Contract Office. - Corps of Engineers. - Corps of Judge-Advocates. - Council, Choctaw. - County, Clarion, etc. - Court of Claims. - Court of Private Land Claims. - Court of St. James. - court of appeals. - Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. - Crown (referring to Government). - Dalles, The - Dam No. 4. - Day, Thanksgiving, Independence, Memorial, etc. - Dead-Letter Office. - Delegate (in Congress). - Democrat. - Department of Justice. - Deputy Second Auditor, etc. - Diplomatic Bureau. - Director of the Geological Survey, etc. - district: - First assembly - Fifth Congressional - Third light-house - District of Columbia Jail. - Dome (of Capitol). - Dominion of Canada. - Du Pont Powder Works. - Eastern States, the - Eastern Continent. - Eastern Hemisphere. - eastern New York, etc. - Electoral Commission. - Engine No. 6. - Engineer in Chief. - Engineer Corps. - Engineer Department. - Entomologist, the (Agr. Dept.) - Evangelical Alliance. - Executive, the - Executive order. - Executive Departments. - executive department (one of the three coordinate departments of - the Government). - Executive Document No. 95. - Federal Government. - Fish Commission (er). - Forty-seventh Congress. - Fourth of July. - Freedman’s Savings Bank. - General Government. - Gentile. - General Assembly (Presbyterian Church). - General Superintendent of Life-Saving Service. - Geological Survey. - gospel. - governor. - Government: - Imperial - Royal - Federal - General - National - British, etc. - Government of Great Britain. - Government Hospital for the Insane. - Governor-General (of Canada). - Grand Army post. (But Post No. 63, etc.) - Great Lakes. - Gulf Coast (section of country). - Gulf, the (Gulf of Mexico) - Hague, The - Hall (of the House). - Hall, Statuary (of Capitol) - Harbor, Boston, etc. - Headquarters of the Army. - Health Bureau. - Her Majesty the Queen. - His Excellency the President. - His Excellency Li Hung Chang. - his excellency the governor. - His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. - Home and Branch (singular or plural, referring to Soldiers’ Home). - Hospital, Providence, etc. - Hotel, Metropolitan, etc. - House Calendar. - House Executive Document No. 12. - House, Ebbitt, etc. - Howard University. - Hydrographic Office. - imperial edict. - india rubber. - Isthmus, the (of Panama) - Journal Clerk. - Journal of the House (or Senate). - Lafayette, General - la Fayette, Marquis de - Lafayette County. - Lakes Erie and Huron. - legislature, Connecticut, etc. - Lake Michigan. - Librarian of Congress. - Library of Congress. - Life-Saving Service. - Light-House Board. - light-house district, Fourth, etc. - Line, Cunard, etc. - london purple. - Long Bridge. - lower House of Congress. - Lower Mississippi. - Mall, the - Marine Corps. - Marine-Hospital Service. - Medical Corps. - Medical Department (Army or Navy). - Members and Delegates. - Merino (sheep). - merino (goods, wool, etc.). - Metropolitan police. - Microscopist, the (Agr. Dept.) - middle Tennessee. - Military Academy (United States). - Mikado. - Miscellaneous Document No. 2. - Mississippi Delta. - Mississippi River: - Pass - Passes - Head of Passes - Money-Order Office (of P. O. Dept.). - Monument Lot. - Mormon. - Nation, Choctaw, etc. - National Board of Health. - National Cemetery, Arlington, etc. - national cemetery at Arlington. - National Guard. - National Legislature. - National Government. - National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. - National Medical Museum. - National Park, Yellowstone, etc. - national park in California. - Naval Academy. - Naval Asylum. - Naval Militia (the entire body). - Naval Observatory. - Naval Reserves. - Navy, the - Navy-Yard, New York, etc. - Netherlands, the - New World. - New York City. - North, the - North Pole. - northern Illinois. - Northwest, the - Office of Experiment Stations. - Office of Steamboat Inspection. - Old World. - One hundred and twenty-fifth street. - Order of Business No. 56. - Ordnance Department. - Pacific coast (the sea line). - Pacific Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country). - paris green. - Parish, Caddo - Park, Jackson, etc. - Pay Corps. - Pay Department. - Penitentiary, Albany, etc. - Pension Bureau. - Pension Office. - People’s Party. - plaster of paris. - Populist. - Postal Union. - Postmaster-General. - Post-Office appropriation bill. - Presidential. - Prince of Monaco. - prussian blue. - Public Land Strip. - Public Printer. - Quartermaster’s Department. - Railway Mail Service. - Record and Pension Office (or Division). - Reform School of District of Columbia. - Reform School, Girls’ - Reformatory, Elmira, etc. - Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. - Register of the Treasury. - Regular Army. - Regular Navy. - Reporter of the Senate. - Republican. - Reservation, Sioux, etc. - Revenue-Cutter Service. - Revenue-Marine Service. - Revolutionary war. - Revised Statutes. - River, Ohio, etc. - Rotunda (of Capitol). - royal command. - Rule XXI. - Rules and Articles of War. - Schedule B. - schedule 6. - School, Peabody, etc. - schools, Peabody and Brent - Scriptures (the Bible). - Secretary of State, etc. (United States). - Senate Chamber. - Sergeant-at-Arms. - Signal Corps. - Signal Office. - Signal Service. - Six Companies (Chinese). - Smithsonian Institution. - Solicitor-General. - Solicitor of Internal Revenue. - Solicitor of the Treasury. - Solicitor for the Department of State. - Sound, the (referring to Long Island or Puget Sound) - South, the - Southern States, the - southern Illinois. - Southwest, the - Square, Madison, etc. (as a park) - square, Lafayette, etc. (as a street) - star route. - Stars and Stripes. - Statistician, the (Agr. Dept.) - Statistical Abstract. - Statutes at Large. - Straits of Magellan, etc. - Streets, etc.: - New York avenue. - First street (northeast, etc.). - Jackson alley. - Phillips court. - Mount Vernon place (as a street). - Iowa circle (as a street). - Pudding lane. - Bennings road. - Lafayette square (as a street). - Subsistence Department. - Superintendent of the Census. - Superintendent of Coast and Geodetic Survey. - Superintendent of Foreign Mails. - Superintendent of Immigration. - Superintendent of the Money-Order System. - Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac. - Superintendent of the Naval Observatory. - Supervising Architect’s Office. - Supervising Architect of the Treasury. - Supervising Inspector-General of Steam Vessels. - Supervising Surgeon-General United States Marine-Hospital Service. - Supplement to Revised Statutes. - Supreme Bench. - Supreme Court (United States). - supreme court (District of Columbia or of a State). - surveyor-general. - Survey, Geological, etc. - Territorial assembly. - Territorial legislature. - transmississippi. - transatlantic. - Treasurer of the United States. - Treasury building. - Treasury Cattle Commission. - Treasury (National). - United Press. - Upper Mississippi. - Valley, Mississippi, etc. - Vice-President (of United States). - Vice-Admiral. - war, Mexican - war of the rebellion. - Washington Aqueduct. - Washington’s Headquarters. - Western Continent. - Western Hemisphere. - White Lot. - - - - -COMPOUNDING. - - -1. In compounding words the International Dictionary will be -followed, with but few exceptions. - -2. The following words are so common in the work of this office -that the usage of many years will be continued: - - post-office - court-house - custom-house - light-house - navy-yard - attorney-general, etc. - consul-general - vice-consul - lieutenant-general, etc. - sergeant-major - quartermaster-sergeant, etc. - color-corporal - lieutenant-commander - rear-admiral - flag-officer - judge-advocate-general - provost-marshal - provost-marshal-general - -3. Make one word of horsepower, candlepower, and hundredweight, and -use adjectively as laid down in the succeeding paragraph. - -4. Compound adjectives take the hyphen: A 2-foot rule, -10-horsepower engine, 16-candlepower light, 6-hundredweight -load, many-colored coat, light-armed soldier, asked-for opinion, -fine-grained wood, light-green color, etc. - -5. Compound the following: - - mid-channel - double-loader - single-loader - pleuro-pneumonia - national-bank notes - re-treat (to treat again) - ante-mortem - micro-organism - micro-millimeter - micro-photograph - acre-foot (plural acre-feet) - foot-acre (plural foot-acres) - pound-foot (plural pound-feet) - post-mortem - foot-pound (plural foot-pounds) - foot-poundal (plural foot-poundals) - foot-second (plural foot-seconds) - second-foot (plural second-feet) - foot-ton (plural foot-tons) - pound-degree (plural pound-degrees) - -6. Follow compounding, etc., in the appended list of fishes and -fishery appliances: - - alewife - amber-fish - angel-fish - bag seine - bass net - bellows-fish - black bass - black-cod - blackfish - black perch - blue crab - bluefish - boat fishermen - boat-steerer - bomb-gun - bottom-feeding fish - bowhead whale - boxfish - brook trout - buffalo-fish - bullhead - bull’s-eye mackerel - buoy line - butter-fish - candle-fish - catboat - catfish - cigar-fish - coast line - codfish - codfish fishery - cod fishery - cod fishing - cod line - crampfish - crawfish - crayfish - crayfish pot - cultus-cod - cutting-in (of a whale) - datefish - dealfish - devil-fish - dingey - doctor-fish - dogfish - dollar-fish - drag net - drag seine - drift net - drumfish - fat-head - fiddler-crab - finback whale - fish-culture - fish eggs - fishing-camp - fishing-ground - fishing-place - fish roe - fish-wheel - flake-yard - flatfish - flying-fish - food-fish - frostfish - garfish - gill net - gill-net fishing - goldfish - goosefish - green crab - greenfish - ground line - hagfish - hair seal - hand lance - harbor porpoise - harpoon gun - hermit-crab - hickory-jack - hogfish - hoop net - horsefish - horse-mackerel - horseshoe-crab - houndfish - humpback whale - jackfish - jelly-fish - jewfish - jonah-crab - kelp-crab - kelpfish - kingfish - lady-crab - lady-fish - land-crab - landlocked salmon - live-car - lobster pot - lumpfish - mollusk - monkfish - moonfish - mossbunker - mud-crab - mudfish - muskellunge - mussel-crab - mutton-fish - nigger-fish - nursefish - oyster bed - oyster-crab - paddle-fish - pan-fish - parrot-fish - peacock-fish - pigfish - pilot-fish - pipefish - purse seine - ratfish - red crab - red-eye - redfish - red grouper - red-horse - red perch - red snapper - rock-bass - rock-cod - rock-crab - rockfish - rock lobster - rose-fish - round-fish - rowboat - rudder-fish - salmon canning - salmon-canning industry - salmon trout - sand-crab - sawfish - scallop - sea bass - sea-cucumber - sea-horse - seal oil - seal skin - sea moss - sea mullet - sea-urchin - seaweed - seine-haul - seine-reach - set net - sheat-fish - sheepshead - shellfish - shore-crab - skipjack - smelt net - snake-fish - snapping mackerel - soft crab - Spanish mackerel - spearfish - spider-crab - squeteague - squirrel-fish - starfish - steelhead - stingray - stone-crab - striped bass - sulphur-bottom whale - sunfish - swordfish - tautog - threadfish - tilefish - toadfish - tomcod - trammel net - trawl basket - trawling-ground - treefish - trigger-fish - trumpet-fish - trying-out (of a whale) - try-works - tubfish - weakfish - whaleboat - whalebone - whale line - whistling buoy - whitefish - wolf-fish - yellow-tail - -7. Fractions, when spelled, will be compounded: One twenty-first, -one-fifth, eighty-one one-hundredths, one one-hundredth, the -one-hundredth part. - -8. The words “well,” “so,” and “ill” will be used as follows: -He is an ill-tempered man; he is very ill tempered. Well-meant -intentions; his intentions are well meant. His so-called poem; his -poem (so called) is, etc. But generally adverbs are not compounded -with adjectives which they qualify: A divinely inspired book; a -finely modeled statue; a nicely kept lawn. - - - - -USE OF FIGURES. - - -1. Where figures are used to express the time of day, use the -period to separate the hours and minutes: It was 5.30 p. m.; 10.02 -a. m. - -2. Use degree and minute marks after figures in all cases referring -to degrees and minutes, and where whole numbers and decimals are -used place the marks after the decimals, as 14.25°; 13.5′; 24.36″. - -3. In straight matter and reading columns of tables, where decimal -fractions occur without a unit, put a cipher in the unit’s place: -0.38; but a .38-caliber revolver. - -4. Omit the comma in serial numbers: No. 165473; section 2436. - -5. Use inferior figures in all chemical symbols, and omit spaces -between the letters and signs. - -6. Use superior figures in connection with reference letters, as -A^1, A^2, _a_^1, _a_^2. - -7. It is impossible to give definite rules that will govern in all -cases as to what should go in figures and what should be spelled -out. It is a question which must be left to the judgment of the -workman. General rules which will serve as a guide to the tendency -of the style follow: - - -PUT IN FIGURES-- - - =Distances=: 50 miles; 17 yards; 8 leagues. - - =Clock time=: 10.25 p. m.; 12 o’clock and 30 minutes; half past 9. - - =Weights=: 12 pounds of beef; 4 hundredweight of stone; 8 centals - of wheat; 2 grams of powder. - - =Measures=: 40 bushels of wheat; 1 gallon of wine; 15 knots; 6 - acres; 9 hectares. - - =Degrees, etc.=: 17° 24′ 17″; 10° below zero; in longitude 46° - west (but tenth meridian of longitude, sixth degree of latitude, - etc.). - - =Dimensions=: 16 feet square; 24 by (not x) 12 feet; 2 by 6 inch - plank; 4 kilometers square. - - =Percentage=: 15 per cent; 27.4 per cent; but one-half of 1 per - cent, etc. - - =Money=: $2 per 100 pounds; $1.37½ per bale; 35 cents apiece; a - 25-cent piece; 20 francs. - - =Age=: My age is 52 years and 6 months; a boy 6 years old; - 3-year-old colt; 3-months-old child; wine 8 years old (but a - boy about six years old; wine four or five years old--where - indefinite and isolated, spell out). - - =Population=: The population of Chicago is 1,000,000, of whom - 150,000 are voters; a hamlet of 18 persons. (But see paragraphs 9 - and 10 under “Spell out.”) - - =Bonds or stocks=: Gold is 109; Metropolitan Railroad, 109; - 5-20 bonds; 10-40 bonds; 7.30 bonds; 3.65 bonds; 4½ per cent - bonds; 3 per cent bonds; 3½ percents; 4 percents. Where the word - “bonds” does not follow the designating expression, spell out, as - five-twenties, ten-forties, three-sixty-fives, four-and-a-halfs, - threes, etc. - - =Votes, ballots, etc.=: 75 votes; 50 ballots; 300 voters; 167 - Democrats; 14 majority. - - =Definite enumerations= (when of a statistical character): 275 - persons, 6 sleek horses, 20 head of sheep, 9 dusty travelers; 43 - reports, covering 109 pages. (But see paragraph 9 under “Spell - out.”) - - =Dates=: June 29, A. D. 1882; December 6, 1846; the 1st of - January, 1883; June 12; the 5th instant; the 20th day of March; - the 1st (day) of the month. July 4, 1776, was the great day which - gave to the world the celebrated Declaration of Independence, - and now our Fourth of July is something to be remembered by all - patriotic Americans; 4th of July claims. - - =Serial numbers=: Section 3; No. 1728; paragraph 247; page 125; - volume 6 (or Volume VI, as written); 1536 Ninth street; Route No. - 17342; clerk of class 3. - - -SPELL OUT-- - -1. Length of time: It lasted fifteen years; we were three days on -the way; four hours and ten minutes. - -2. Amounts or numbers larger than 1,000, if spelled, are expressed -thus: One thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars; A. D. eighteen -hundred and fifty; number seventeen hundred and twenty-two. But -in serial numbers, where even multiples of one thousand occur, use -the word “thousand,” as section two thousand and four (not twenty -hundred and four); paragraph seven thousand and sixty-nine. - -3. When beginning a sentence: Five million dollars’ worth; in other -cases, $5,000,000 worth. - -4. All amounts beginning sentences or paragraphs, except when, in -testimony, an answer begins with a serial or complex number, in -which case use figures. Examples: - - Q. In what year was that?--A. 1876. - Q. What was the amount involved?--A. $101.50. - Q. How much was the sum?--A. Five (or fifteen, or sixty-seven) - dollars. - -5. Numbered streets of all cities, except in tabular matter. - -6. Regimental numbers of United States Regular or Volunteer Army, -as Eighth Infantry, One hundred and ninth Ohio Regiment, Third -Massachusetts Cavalry. - -7. Sums of money, when they are referred to in a general way, as -“four or five millions,” or “I would not contribute one dollar to -such a purpose.” [This is not to be construed as meaning round -numbers, but simply a general or indefinite statement.] - -8. Isolated fractions not connected with whole numbers, as -one-fourth, three-tenths. - -9. Isolated enumerations less than 10: “I saw three men at work.” -“There were four horses in the field.” - -10. Number of persons, when not in statistical matter or when -general or indefinite: “There were thirty or forty persons in the -town.” - -11. When numbers are mentioned casually, or by way of illustration, -or in connection with serious and dignified subjects, they should -be spelled out: - - In nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of every thousand. - It is now five years since I first took my stand in opposition to - this measure, and if my stay among you should be extended - to twenty years instead of five, I shall still be found - opposing it with the same earnestness as at first. - Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. - The twelve Apostles. - The three Graces. - The nine Muses. - The seven wise men of Greece. - For twelve years he struggled manfully and the thirteenth year - crowned his efforts with success. - Congress has now been in session two months and three weeks, - lacking two days. - It is twenty-four years since the rebellion turned the two sections - of our country into two armed bodies composed of two or three - million men. - It is the twelfth hour which is dreaded most at night by - superstitions mortals. - At eleven and a half o’clock. - In the thirtieth degree of latitude the thermometer reached the - fifth degree above zero. - -12. When a paper is divided into clauses numbered “1, 2, 3,” etc., -in the copy, put in figures; but if written “1st, 2d, 3d,” etc., -spell out. - - - - -TABULAR WORK. - - -=_Box heads_=.--Box heads should be run across whenever -practicable; if it is necessary to run them up, reduce to the -minimum depth. - -In boxes of two or more lines which run across, or where two or -more boxes occur in the same head, use en quads above and below the -greater number of lines. - -In boxes of three lines or more in depth and 10 ems or more in -width over reading columns or over several figure columns, and in -all run-up heads of three lines or more, make hanging indention; -otherwise center each line. - -In boxes containing two lines the first line must be the longer -when possible. - -=_Contractions_=.--In columns of names of persons, follow copy -in the use of contractions of given names; but to avoid overruns -always contract such names as William and Charles. Use “Co.” for -“Company” where the name of the company is given; use “R. R.” for -railroad and “Rwy.” for railway where the name of the railroad or -railway is given, and use Bro. and Bros. in firm names. Contract -names of months whenever the day of the month is given, excepting -in first columns consisting of dates only, which may, however, be -contracted to save overruns. All other well-known contractions -can be used, by direction of copy preparer, to save overruns. The -following contractions for months of the year will be used: - - January Jan. - February Feb. - March Mar. - April Apr. - May May - June June - July July - August Aug. - September Sept. - October Oct. - November Nov. - December Dec. - -=_Use of “dittoes.”_=--Ditto whenever it can properly be done, and -ditto under blank spaces in all cases excepting center heads, but -never ditto under leaders. - -In columns less than 6 ems in width use 1½ ems of quads (in -addition to en quad used for bearing off) or 2 ems of leaders, as -may be required, before the “do.”; in columns of 6 ems and over, -use 2 ems of quads (in addition to en quad used for bearing off) or -2½ ems of leaders. - -In first columns, where flush headings are used with indentions -under them, proportionate allowance must be made for those -indentions, and it will generally be indicated by the copy preparer. - -=_Date columns._=--In 7-em date columns, bear off 3-em space -from rules, use only en commas after day of month, and put the -remaining space between month and day. Observe same style in 5-em -date columns, with the exception of using en quads instead of 3-em -spaces in bearing off from rules. - -Ditto in both 5 and 7 em columns. - -=_Leading from top or bottom lines_=.--Where there is only one -reading column, lead from the bottom; if more than one, from the -top. - -Date columns are not classified as reading columns in connection -with leading from top line. - -In parallel tables, where the lines are numbered on the outside of -each page, lead from the top. - -Where the last word in a leader line runs close to the rule, use -en leader if space permits; if not, use a thin space, but never -use a full point, excepting where a reference mark follows an -abbreviation. - -Unless specially directed otherwise, continue leaders across entire -width of tables when the right-hand columns are of figures; when -the last column is a reading column, omit the leaders from that -column only. - -=_Figures in reading columns_=.--Numerical expressions in reading -columns will be expressed in figures, even at the beginning of the -sentence: 155 days from Dec. 1; trains 3 times a day. - -=_Figures from or against rules._=--In figure columns bear off an -en quad from rules on right of figures; and so make the cast as -to bear off the longest line of figures an en quad from the rule -on the left where possible. If crowded, and but few figures will -touch, close up on the left; if still more crowded, close up on the -right. If found necessary to set the figures in one column against -the rule on the right (which, by the way, must always be done -before closing up on the left when the mass of figures is of nearly -even width), do the same with the remaining columns of the table. -Exceptions will be marked by copy preparer. - -Common fractions to be set against rules unless otherwise indicated. - -=_Decimals._=--In columns of figures containing decimals omit the -point and ciphers where no decimal occurs. This rule does not apply -to money columns consisting of both dollars and cents, where the -points and ciphers will be used. Always align the decimal points. - -=_Dollar mark._=--Repeat dollar mark under rules in continuous -tables; also in leader work where center heads occur indicating a -separate or independent statement. But in statements where amounts -are added to make a general aggregate do not repeat the dollar -mark, even where center heads occur. - -=_Parallel dashes._=--Use parallel dashes in figure columns in all -cases where necessary to cut off from figures following. This rule -will apply also to leader work. - -=_Tables in rules._=--In tables inclosed in rules, where the first -column consists of figures, do not use leaders. [This rule will -not apply to date columns or to reading columns clearly requiring -leaders.] Bear off matter one em from side rules. - -=_Full point in leader lines._=--Use full point between -abbreviation and reference mark in leader lines, as Boston, Mass.† -... - -=_Blanks for center heads._=--Use full blank line above and below -all center heads in stubs or reading columns, excepting where -leaders run back far enough to clear the head, in which case use -only a line of en quads below. - -=_Plus and minus marks._=--Plus and minus marks in figure columns -must be aligned when occurring at left of figures. - -=_Dates and figures in reading columns._=--Do not range dates or -figures in first or reading columns unless figures are added up to -make a total. This rule will apply also to leader work. - -=_En-quadded tables._=--Use en quads in runovers [copy preparers -will give instructions when change is desired]; scabbard will not -be allowed; all box heads solid. - -=_Reference marks._=--Set off all reference marks a 5-em space when -preceding words or figures. Use superior figures (^1, ^2, ^3, etc.) -for reference marks and footnotes in all cases, unless otherwise -instructed. In a series of short footnotes range the reference -marks, and also the first letter of the note. - -=_Words in figure columns._=--Range all words occurring in figure -columns one en from rule on right; also capitalize and use full -point. - -=_Indention from rules._=--An indention from a rule means so many -ems in addition to the en quad used for bearing off. - -=_Word “number.”_=--Spell the word “number,” referring to quantity -or things, in box heads where possible. Where necessary to -abbreviate or where used in connection with serial figures, use -“No.” - -=_Flush and sub heads._=--Use colons after flush heads and em -dashes after heads subordinate thereto. - -=_Units of quantity._=--Units of quantity to the right of reading -columns and over figure columns will be spelled where possible. -Where the space available demands a contraction, use the following -forms: Dolls., galls., lbs., oz., bbls., cwt., yds., ft., in. -(inches), doz., bush., M, sq. feet, M feet, cub. feet, kilo., -kilos. Observe style of the following table: - - - [[TABLE -- PART 1 of 2]] - -------------------------------------------+-------------------+ - | Between Chicago, | - | Ill., and-- | - Articles. +---------+---------+ - | Jackson-| Athens, | - | ville, | and Ma- | - | Fla. | con, Ga.| - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+ - Agricultural implements: | | | - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds) per 100 lbs | $0.87 | $0.85 | - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds), released, | | | - per 100 pounds | .58 | .58 | - Apples, onions, potatoes, cabbage, beets, | | | - and turnips, straight and mixed, C. L. | | | - per 100 lbs | .43 | .43 | - Beans and pease, in barrels or sacks do | .73 | .71 | - Butter: | | | - Dairy-- | | | - In wood do | 1.35 | 1.47 | - In wood, released do | 1.00 | 1.06 | - Flour: | | | - In barrels per barrel | .44 | .74 | - In sacks per 100 pounds | .28 | .41 | - Grain, in bulk, C. L. do | .27 | .37 | - Hominy and grits per barrel | .54 | .73 | - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+ - - [[TABLE -- PART 2 of 2]] - -------------------------------------------+---------------------------- - | Between St. Louis, Mo., - | and-- - Articles. +---------+---------+-------- - | Jackson-| Athens, |Atlanta, - | ville, | Ga. | Ga. - | Fla. | | - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------- - Agricultural implements: | | | - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds) per 100 lbs | $0.84 | $0.82 | $0.82 - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds), released, | | | - per 100 pounds | .56 | .56 | .56 - Apples, onions, potatoes, cabbage, beets, | | | - and turnips, straight and mixed, C. L. | | | - per 100 lbs | .41 | .41 | .41 - Beans and pease, in barrels or sacks do | .70 | .68 | .68 - Butter: | | | - Dairy-- | | | - In wood do | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.35 - In wood, released do | .95 | 1.01 | 1.01 - Flour: | | | - In barrels per barrel | .48 | .68 | .62 - In sacks per 100 pounds | .23 | .38 | .35 - Grain, in bulk, C. L. do | .22 | .32 | .29 - Hominy and grits per barrel | .56 | .64 | .58 - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------- - -=_Leader work._=--Leader work is not classified as tabular work. - -=_Continued heads._=--Continued heads over tables must be condensed -into one line where possible. - - - - -FOLLOW--FOL. LIT. - - -1. Copy marked “fol.” means to follow figures, italics, -abbreviations, idiomatic words and expressions, and &c. or etc., -but not capitalization or punctuation. The exceptions are: (1) -Always spell out the & except in firm names; (2) always spell -out the % mark; (3) always use “at” or “to,” as the case may be, -instead of the commercial @. All orthography in “fol.” matter is -good that has the sanction of any dictionary. - -2. Copy marked “fol. lit.” means follow everything--caps, -punctuation, and contractions. - - - - -COURT WORK. - - -COURT OF CLAIMS OPINIONS, BRIEFS, AND DECISIONS. - -1. In the case of _The United States_ v. _Union Pacific Railroad -Company_ (99 U. S., 22), the court - -2. In the case of _United States_ v. _The Union Pacific Railroad -Company_ (99 U. S., 33), the court - -3. (_The United States_ v. _Union Pacific R. R. Co._) - -4. (_United States_ v. _The Union Pacific R. R. Co._) - -5. In _Taylor’s Case_ (16 C. Cls. R., 14) the claimant. (_Taylor’s -Case_, 16 C. Cls. R., 14.) - -6. In _Taylor_ v. _Smith_ the court held - -7. _Edwards’s Lessee_ v. _Darby_ (12 Wheat., 210) - -8. _Legal-Tender Case_ (110 U. S., 334) - -9. (_Ex parte_ Robinson, 19 Wall., 304) - -10. In Taylor’s Case the court say; in the case of Taylor there was - -11. In the case of _Payne_ (7 U. S., 252) - -12. By the _Act of March 3, 1881_, chapter 34, section 4 (Rev. -Stat., § 33). - -13. _Bowman Act_ (22 Stat. L., ch. 4, § 9, p. 284); the Bowman Act -was referred to. - -14. _Act 5th August, 1882_ (Supp. Rev. Stat., 284; Stat. L., 84). - -15. In the petition (Rec., p. 7) there is - -16. In the record (p. 7; Test., p. 7; Ev., p. 7; Rec., p. 9; q. 7; -c. q. 7; int. 7; c. int. 7; qq. 6-9; c. qq. 7-9; ints. 9, 10) - -17. Finding VI--the sixth finding; section 6--the sixth section. - -18. Omit quotation marks for exhibits in all cases except “fol. -lit.” - -19. “United States” to be used in the singular number where -practicable. - -20. In Court of Claims records, when questions are numbered, let -the number precede the question: 23. Question. - -21. Spell out “Question” and “Answer” and make separate paragraphs. - -22. When the title of the case is braced to the left, the rule is -to have the braced portion occupy two-thirds of the line; but this -may be varied to avoid bad divisions or when there is but little -matter inside the brace. - -23. Make sentences of citations, excepting (p. 84) or (pp. 90-95). - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.”) - - -SUPREME COURT RECORDS. - - 24. X Int. - X Int. 1. - X 20. - 24. X. - 24. Q. - 24. Question. - X Q. 1. - 24. Int. - 1. X Q. - X Ques. 1. - 1. Add. Direct. - 2. R. D. Q. - 3. Re D. Q. - 4. R. X Q. - Re X Q. 1. - R. X Int. 1. - 5. Re X Q. - 24th. Cross-ques. - 46th. Cross-int. - 46. Cross-int. - 46. Cross-ques. - 46. C. Int. - 46th. C. Int. - Answer to Cross-int. 1. - -1. Follow copy literally, except italics (which stand for errors -only), capitalization, and punctuation. - -2. Use italic letters to indicate errors of orthography and -apostrophes to indicate errors of omission. In case of a doublet, -italicize the repeated portion. Use no dashes, but indicate blanks -with quads. - -3. Make paragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter. - -4. Use apostrophes in unusual abbreviations, such as Feb’y, c’t, -etc.; but in well-established abbreviations use the period, as Mr., -deft., plff. - -5. Many words, although not spelled according to Webster, if -sanctioned by other authorities, should be set without italic -letters. - -6. Italics should not be used to indicate errors of syntax, or -errors of orthography, in foreign languages, except in law terms, -as fi_a_ri f_e_cias; nor should italics be used in variations of -orthography of proper names of persons or places. - -7. Where the name of a corporation occurs beginning with the word -“the,” use a cap. T, thus: the said The B. & O. R. R. Co.; The Sun -v. The Globe; The City of Washington v. The B. & O. R. R. Co.; the -defendant The Davies County Bank. - -8. Errors in italics will always be indicated by roman letters, -thus: _fi_e_r_e _f_e_cias_, _co_n_plain_e_ants_. - -9. Names of vessels will be set in roman, quoted. - -10. Do not change the spelling of proper names, nor use italics to -indicate errors therein. - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.”) - - - - -GENERAL TESTIMONY. - - -1. Contract the first Q. and A., as well as the following ones. - -2. Make one paragraph of question and answer, connecting the -question and its answer by an em dash. - -3. Where the answer is not introduced by the usual “A.,” “Ans.,” or -“Answer,” or where the name or title of a participant is used, make -a new paragraph. - -4. The following examples illustrate the use of brackets, colons, -and parentheses: - - The CHAIRMAN (to Mr. Smith). - Mr. KELLEY (to the chairman). - The WITNESS. He did it that way [indicating]. - - Q. (By Mr. SMITH.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]? - (Objected to.) - A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do. - - Q. (Continuing.)--A. (Reads:) - Question (continuing).--Answer (reads): - A. (Interrupting.) - Answer (interrupting). - (Counsel objects to its admission.) - -5. Observe punctuation in the following paragraphs: - - The defendant, George Brown, stated to the court, etc. [where there - is only one defendant (or plaintiff) in the case]. - The defendant George Brown stated to the court, etc. [where there - are two or more defendants (or plaintiffs) in the case]. - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.” and paragraph 3 under -“MISCELLANEOUS.”) - - - - -USE OF ITALIC. - - -1. Names of vessels and generic names should be set in italic, -except in tabular matter, indexes, lists set in columns, and -Supreme Court work. - -2. The words “see,” “see also,” etc., in italic in indexes only. - -3. Italic will not be followed in general work, either for foreign -words or for emphasis, unless special instructions to that effect -are given. - -4. When letters are used as references in explaining diagrams, -figures, etc., use italic for lower-case references and roman for -caps, not quoted: Cogwheel _a_; pinion B; angle _ab_; line CD; -points _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, _e_. - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.”) - - - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - - -1. Use spaces in place of hyphens in Indian names. - -2. Treat all side and cut-in notes as paragraphs. - -3. Observe the following examples of punctuation: - - George G. Greene, being sworn and examined, on oath deposes - and says: - Isaac Fuller, sworn, and testified as follows: - P. L. Rodier, sworn and examined. - Colonel Seventh Cavalry. - Captain, Seventh Cavalry. - Respectfully, yours, - Yours, respectfully, - Congressional, No. 25. - Congressional case No. 25. - Record, case No. 384. - Term No., 625. - Indian Depredations, No. 25. - Indian depredation case No. 625. - French Spoliations, No. 18. - French spoliation case No. 325. - first session Fifty-third Congress. - Jones & Co., Limited. - Latitude, 40° 19′ 12″ north; longitude, 30° 8′ 14″ west. - In latitude 40° 19′ 12″ north, longitude 30° 8′ 14″ west. - Have you any interest in this case? If so, what? - Have you any interest in this case? If so, state what. - Have you any interest in this case; and if so, what? - Have you any interest in this case? And if so, state what. - -4. “Line of stars” means seven asterisks in a full-measure line, -indented two ems at each end, the remaining space to be evenly -divided between the stars. Exception: In briefs, etc., set in -“general-order” measure, use but five asterisks, indented two ems -at each end. - -5. Avoid, by overrunning, the use of a dash at the beginning of a -line, two-letter divisions, and the repetition of divisions at the -end of three or more contiguous lines. - -6. After addresses at the head of communications use the period, -as-- - - Hon. AMOS J. CUMMINGS, - _House of Representatives_. - DEAR SIR: I have the honor, etc. - - Lieut. Commander RICHARD RUSH, - _Navy Department_. - DEAR SIR: The care shown by you, etc. - -7. Use en quads in cap and small-cap lines in addresses and in -signatures, and a proportionate increase of space in heads of -extended type. - -8. In illustrating certain shapes or forms, as ⟙ rails, use gothic -letters (case 288 cap. in long-primer text, and case 287 cap. in -brevier text). - -9. In solid matter, when extracts, etc., are set in smaller type, -separate by using two leads; in leaded matter use three leads. - -10. Use two leads before footnotes in all cases. - -11. Where slugs are called for specially, use a slug of same body -as type. - -12. Separate center heads from text by slugs one size less than -type used. - -13. When two consecutive years are intended, set: 1875-76, 1801-2; -when more than two consecutive years are intended: 1875-1879, -1895-1904; when two or more distinct years are intended: 1894, -1895; 1873, 1876; 1888, 1891, 1894. - -14. When laws are set in long-primer type, document measure, the -first line of the enacting clause must be set so as to conform to -the following examples: - - _Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the - United_ - - _Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the - United States_ - -15. In indexes, when the page folios overrun, retain only the -first folio number in the leader line; but when necessary to save -an overrun, figures may be run back to within an em leader of the -words. When the folios overrunning make two or more lines, indent -evenly not less than seven ems on the left, the folios in excess -of even-length lines to be worked into the leader line. When the -figures extend back into the leader line, use an en quad between -the leaders and the first figure. - -16. Never divide a word in a headline if it can possibly be -avoided. In subhead and legend lines it is not necessary to make -the first line full. - -17. Always keep together, at the beginning or end of a line, such -abbreviations as U. S. N.; D. C.; N. Y.; N. J.; M. D., etc. The -contractions esq., sr., and jr. should always be in the same line -with the name they follow. - -18. Never divide the last word of a paragraph if it can be avoided; -overrun if necessary. The last line of a paragraph should contain -at least a four-letter word. - - - - -BILL STYLE. - - -Unless special directions are given--sometimes necessary in -particular cases--the following rules govern the printing of bills: - - -Type. - -1. Bills are always set in English type, full-slugged. - -2. A new bill is always all roman, italic being used only for the -enacting clause and the word “_Provided_.” - - -Side Folios. - -3. The direction “Allow for two figures” means that TWO 1-EM quads -(not one 2-em quad) are to be used in allowing for side folios at -left of text. “Allow for three figures” means indent two 1-em quads -and 1 en quad. - -4. Always supply the word “That” immediately following the section -number, and after the word “_Provided_” of a proviso. - -5. Begin side folios with figure 1 at the first line of each -section. Exceptions to this are sometimes made for convenience in -handling, and side folios begun with figure 1 at the top of each -page; but in such cases special instructions will be given. - - -Engrossed and Enrolled Bills. - -6. A bill is said to be _engrossed_ when it has passed one House of -Congress; to be _enrolled_ when final action has been taken in both -Houses. - -7. Follow literally in engrossed and enrolled bills. This applies -to the title of the bill on the filing or indorsement as well as to -the text, but not to the caption of engrossed amendments. - - -Heads and Indorsements. - -8. The “indorsement” on a bill is the form printed on the back for -convenience of reference when folded. “Document style” prevails -on indorsements until the bill reaches the “engrossed” stage. -Senate bills differ from House bills in the forms used in heads -and indorsements. As a bill progresses new “actions” appear, which -should be set in the same style as the “actions” that precede. The -“style” of a head or indorsement is governed by the “style” for the -branch of Congress in which the bill is pending. Examples of a new -bill in each House are given on the following page: - - -HEADING OF HOUSE BILL. - - --[Cast.]-- --[Cast.]-- - 53D CONGRESS, H. R. 9846. - _3d Session_. - - [English caps--cast.] - IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. - - [Long primer type.] - DECEMBER 22, 1894. - - Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed. - - [English type.] - Mr. WILSON, of West Virginia, (by request) introduced the following - bill: - - --[Cast.]-- - A BILL - - [English type.] - For the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, West - Virginia. - [Slug.] - - _Be it enacted, etc._, That - - -HEADING OF SENATE BILLS. - - --[Cast.]-- --[Cast.]-- - 53D CONGRESS, S. 4973. - _3d Session_. - - [English caps--cast.] - IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. - - [Long primer type.] - JANUARY 4, 1895. - - Mr. VOORHEES introduced the following bill; which was read - twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions. - - --[Cast.]-- - A BILL - - [English type.] - Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican War. - [Slug.] - - _Be it enacted, etc._, That - - -INDORSEMENTS. - - _House._ _Senate._ - - 53D CONGRESS,} 53D CONGRESS,} S. 4973 - _3d Session_. } H. R. 9846. _3d Session_. } - - ================== ================== - - A BILL A BILL - - For the relief of George Washington Granting an increase of pension - Watkins, of Martinsburg, W. Va. to the survivors of the - Mexican War. - - ================== ================== - By Mr. WILSON, of West Virginia. By Mr. VOORHEES. - ================== ================== - - DECEMBER 22, 1894.--Referred to the 1895--JANUARY 4.--Read twice - Committee on Claims and ordered and referred to the Committee - to be printed. on Pensions. - -9. In indorsements on bills in the Senate use a 9-em dash under the -bill number; on bills in the House a parallel dash. - -10. The name of the introducer of a bill or resolution is carried -under the title in the indorsement, in long primer caps and small -caps, between parallel rules, in both Houses, through each printing -until bill or resolution passes one House. - -11. When the title of a bill on the indorsement makes more than two -lines, indent the runovers 1½ ems; center the title when it makes -but one or two lines. On the face of the bill where a title makes -more than one line, set the first line to full measure, centering -the runover if there be two lines in the title; if more than two -lines, indent the runovers 2 ems. - -12. Titles for HOUSE BILLS are taken from the INDORSEMENT of copy; -for SENATE BILLS from the FACE of copy. - -13. Preambles are set full measure, the first line of each -“whereas” being flush and the runovers indented 2 ems. Where an -agreement or treaty is part of a preamble, follow literally, -indenting the paragraphs 4 ems and runovers 2 ems, full measure. - -14. Titles and preambles following the head of a bill are always -half-slugged. - -15. Set “Calendar No.--,” on both face and indorsement of bills -which have reached the Senate Calendar, in each case at the upper -right-hand corner. - -16. Set “Report No.” on both face and indorsement of reported bills -in both Houses, centering under the number of the bill. - -[It is impracticable to give illustrations of the minutiæ of -headings and indorsements of bills in all their stages. Samples and -information can always be had upon inquiry at the foreman’s desk. -Compositors and others must familiarize themselves with the forms -called for by the clerks’ notes on copy.] - - -Amendments. - -17. “Line type” and italic are used only to show amendments. When -it is proposed to strike out certain portions in a bill that is -“reported with amendments,” such portions will be set in “line -type.” Example: - - in accordance with ++existing++ _proposed_ plan, ++twenty++ - _twenty-five_ thousand dollars. - -18. When new matter is inserted, it is set in italics. - -19. When it is proposed to strike out and insert, always let the -italics FOLLOW the line type. - -20. Do not complicate amendments. When one amendment can be made to -cover the sense, as in the complete changing of a sum of money, so -set it, rather than divide into two or more short amendments. - -21. Proposed Senate amendments are printed in bill form, all roman. -The general style of the head may be either that of bills or of -“miscellaneous documents.” These headings are generally in proper -form as they come from the bill clerk. - -22. When it is proposed in the Senate to make several short -amendments, the caption should read as follows: - - - AMENDMENTS - - Intended to be proposed by Mr. HOAR to the bill (H. R. 4864) to - reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and - for other purposes, viz: - - 1 In line 24, page 19, strike out the words “per centum ad valorem” - and insert the words - 2 “cents per pound;” in line 16, page 25, strike out the word “shall;” - and in line 12, page 34, after - 3 the word “and,” insert the word “any.” - -23. When a proposed amendment in the Senate is expressed by one or -more full paragraphs, the caption should read: - - AMENDMENT - - Intended to be proposed by Mr. GORMAN to the bill (H. R. 2476) - entitled “An Act to establish a fish-hatching station at Port - Tobacco, Maryland,” viz: After the word “Maryland,” in line 14, - section 2, insert the following: - - 1 To enable the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries to - carry out the provisions - 2 of this act there is hereby appropriated the sum of seventy-five - thousand dollars. - - -Reported Bills. - -24. Observe the difference in _form_ of action taken on Senate and -House bills reported with amendments: - - _House._-- - - DECEMBER 12, 1894. - - Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole - House, and ordered to be printed. - - Omit the parts struck through and insert the parts printed in - _italics_. - - _Senate._-- - - DECEMBER 13, 1894. - - Reported by Mr. HARRIS with an amendment, viz: Omit the part struck - through and insert the part printed in _italics_. - -[The wording varies with the necessities of the case, but the style -remains the same.] - - -General Instructions. - -25. Spell out everything, except “Mr.,” “Mrs.,” and classification -of vessels, as “A 1.” On indorsements follow document style. - -26. Make the contractions “&c.” and “etc.” read “and so forth,” and -in the title and body of a bill make “viz” read “namely.” - -27. When, in the use of figures, the comma is used in ordinary work -to show notation, in bills thousands and hundreds are spelled; as, -for 1,750, make it “one thousand seven hundred and fifty.” - -28. In serial numbers, or where the comma is not used in general -work, spell by hundreds all numbers less than 10000; as, for -2742, make it “twenty-seven hundred and forty-two;” but in serial -numbers where even multiples of one thousand occur, use the word -“thousand,” as “section two thousand and four,” “paragraph seven -thousand and sixty-nine” (not “twenty hundred and four” or “seventy -hundred and sixty-nine”). - -29. Years and dates are expressed thus: June thirtieth, eighteen -hundred and ninety-three. - -30. When the expression usually indicated by “No.” occurs, use the -word “numbered.” Observe, in this connection, the capitalization -for kindred expressions: House Executive Document Numbered Eighteen. - -31. References to the Revised Statutes, Statutes at Large, court -reports, etc., are expressed thus: Revised Statutes, page two -hundred and forty-two; Twelfth Statutes, page eleven hundred and -sixteen; Tenth Court of Claims Reports, page ten. - -32. Capitalize the word “act” wherever it occurs as a synonym for -“bill” or “law.” - -33. The indorsement on a printed bill must always fall on an even -page. In House bills 4 lines of text may be worked in with the -indorsement, and in Senate bills 7 lines. - - -Special Instructions for Enrolled Bills. - -34. Set in quarto measure, paragraphs indented 2 ems. - -35. Lead with 3-to-pica leads. When center heads occur use a full -pica slug above and below. - -36. Set entirely in roman type, except the enacting clause and -“Provided,” which go in _italic._ - -37. Avoid divisions of words and space evenly. Two-letter divisions -must not be made. - -38. In enrolled bills of the _Senate_ place the bill number (using -the form “S. 146”) in pica antique, at the upper _left-hand_ -corner. In enrolled bills of the _House_ the number goes at the -upper _right-hand_ corner, using the form “H. R. No. 4864.” - -39. In enrolled bills of the Senate use a parallel dash above and -below title; in those of the House use the parallel dash above -only, with two full slugs below. - - - - -JOURNAL WORK. - - -GENERAL DIRECTIONS. - -Spell out States after county in both Journals. - -The Journals are set in brevier, solid, Record measure, and as a -rule Record style prevails. - -Compositors will observe the style of the following paragraphs: - - -HOUSE. - -MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1894. - -A message from the Senate, by Mr. Cox, its Secretary, announced -that the Senate had passed a bill entitled: - -S. 2905. An act for the relief of John M. Smith. - -It also announced that the Senate had passed bills of the following -titles, in which the concurrence of the House was requested: - -S. 2000. An act for the relief of James Robinson; and - -S. 2001. An act granting a pension to Sam Jones. - -It further announced that the Senate had passed, without amendment, -the bill (H. R. 10241) to amend “An act making appropriations for -the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works -on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes,” approved July 4, -1894. - -The committees were called for reports; - -When, - -Bills were reported, the reports thereon ordered to be printed, and -referred to the Calendars as follows: - -By Mr. Black, of Illinois, from the Committee on Military Affairs, -the bill entitled (S. 527) an act to construct a road to the -national cemetery at Dover, Tenn.--to the Committee of the Whole -House on the state of the Union. - -The amendments recommended by the Committee of the Whole were then -agreed to, and as amended the bill was ordered to be engrossed, was -read a third time, and passed. - -The Speaker laid before the House the bill entitled: - -S. 1262. An act for the relief of Paul McCormick; - -Which was referred to the Committee on Claims. - -The Speaker pro tempore laid before the House the bill--with -amendments of the Senate thereto--entitled: - -H. R. 3458. An act extending the time for final proof on land -claims under the public land laws. - -On motion of Mr. Sweet the amendments were concurred in. - -Mr. Pearson, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that -the committee had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the -following titles; which were thereupon signed by the Speaker, to -wit: - -H. R. 868. An act for the relief of John Smith; - -S. 1896. An act for the relief of Mrs. Lucinda Brown; and - -H. R. 3858. An act to pension John Jones. - -By Mr. Maguire: A resolution for the appointment of a special -committee to investigate Pacific railroads--to the Committee on -Rules. - -By Mr. Holman: - -Whereas it appears by an act passed June 4, 1894, the sum of -$10,000 was appropriated to enable the Secretary of War, etc.; and - -Whereas it is alleged that trouble exists, etc.; - -_Resolved_, That the Committee on Military Affairs be authorized to -settle the difficulty-- to the Committee on Military Affairs. - -The Committee on Indian Affairs was called; - -When, - -On motion of Mr. Lynch, on behalf of said committee, the House -resolved itself into Committee of the Whole House on the state of -the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 6557) providing -for opening the Uintah Indian Reservation in Utah; and after some -time spent therein, the Speaker resumed the chair, and Mr. Dockery -reported that the committee having had under consideration the said -bill (H. R. 6557) had come to no resolution thereon; - -When the morning hour expired. - -The question being on agreeing to the second resolution, to wit: - -_Resolved_, That John J. O’Neill was not legally elected and is not -entitled to a seat in this House; - -And being put, - -Will the House agree thereto? - - { Yeas............................ 23 - It was decided in the negative, { Nays............................ 160 - { Not voting...................... 168 - -After further debate, - -The Speaker appointed Messrs. Bailey and Ray tellers. - -The question being put, - -Shall the bill be engrossed and read a third time? - -The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the members present, - -[One line only.] - - { Yeas............................................ 123 - { Nays............................................ 55 - There appeared, { Answering “present”............................. 1 - { Not answering................................... 172 - { Reported by tellers as present and not answering.. 4 - -The Speaker laid before the House the following joint resolution of -the Senate: - -S. R. 91. A joint resolution providing for printing a digest of the -laws relating to compensation of officials in United States courts; - -Which was referred to the Committee on Printing. - -Mr. Allen suggested that the House should take a recess, under Rule -XXVI. - -And then, in pursuance of Rule XXVI, the House took a recess until -8 p. m. - -A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. Pruden, -one of his secretaries, announced that the President had approved -and signed bills and a joint resolution of the following titles: - -On June 29, 1894: - -H. R. 4701. An act to incorporate the Supreme Lodge of the Knights -of Pythias; and - -H. R. 274. An act to authorize the city of Hyattsville, Md., to -construct a wagon bridge. - -On July 6, 1894: - -H. Res. 196. Joint resolution to provide temporarily for the -expenditures of the Government. - -The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two -Houses to the bill (H. R. 6518) making appropriations for rivers -and harbors do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: - -That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of -the Senate numbered 27, and agree to the same with an amendment as -follows: Strike out all the matter preceding and insert on page 77, -after line 7, the following as a new item: - -_Baltimore Harbor, Maryland: To widen the ship channel to one -thousand feet, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine dollars and -fifty-one cents._ - -And the Senate agree to the same. - -That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of -the Senate numbered 20, and agree to the same with an amendment -as follows: Strike out “eight hundred dollars” and insert in lieu -thereof the following: _three hundred and fifty dollars;_ and the -Senate agree to the same. - -Amend section 2 to read as follows: - -SEC. 2. _For an exhibit by the Government of the United States at -the Cotton States International Exposition to be held at Atlanta, -Georgia, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-five, one hundred -thousand dollars._ - -And the House agree to the same. - -Leave of absence was granted to Mr. Cobb of Alabama and Mr. Black -of Illinois, indefinitely; to Mr. Pigott, for two days; to Mr. -Bartlett, until Saturday next; and to Mr. Lacey, for four days. - -And then, - -On motion of Mr. Cummings, at 5 o’clock and 20 minutes p. m., the -House adjourned. - - -SENATE. - -MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. - -A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Towles, its -chief clerk. - -_Mr. President:_ The House of Representatives has disagreed to -the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6913) making -appropriations for the current expenses of the Indian Department. -It asks a conference with the Senate thereon, and has appointed Mr. -Holman, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Wilson of Washington managers at the -same on its part. - - -ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. - -Mr. Caffery reported from the committee that they had examined and -found duly enrolled the following bill: - -H. R. 2350. An act making appropriations for the Military Academy; - -Whereupon, - -The President pro tempore signed the same, and it was delivered to -the committee to be presented to the President of the United States. - -The Senate proceeded, by unanimous consent, to consider the said -bill as in Committee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it -was reported to the Senate. - -_Ordered,_ That it pass to a third reading. - -The said bill was read the third time. - -_Resolved_, That it pass, and that the title thereof be as -aforesaid. - -The Senate proceeded to consider, as in Committee of the Whole, the -bill (S. 1296) for the relief of Andrew Gray; and - -On motion by Mr. White, - -_Ordered_, That it be postponed indefinitely. - -Mr. Allison called for a division of the question; and - -On the question to recede from the amendment No. 87, viz: Insert as -an additional paragraph the following: - -_109. Iron ore, forty cents per ton,_ - - { Yeas........................... 2 - It was determined in the negative, { Nays........................... 5 - -On motion by Mr. Hill, - -The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the Senators -present, - -[One line only.] - -Those who voted in the affirmative are, - -Messrs. Allen, Hill, Irby. - -Those who voted in the negative are, - -Messrs. Jones of Arkansas, Jones of Nevada, Mitchell of Wisconsin. - -[NOTE.--Observe that commas are left out after names when there are -a number of them, like the above.] - -The question being on the motion of Mr. Hill that the Senate recede -from its amendment No. 87, - -Pending debate, - -Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, raised a question as to the presence of a -quorum; - -[NOTE.--Observe that comma is used when but a single name occurs.] - -Whereupon, - -The Presiding Officer (Mr. Mitchell, of Oregon, in the chair) -directed the roll to be called; - -When, - -Fifty-nine Senators answered to their names. - -A quorum being present, - - -EXECUTIVE SESSION. - -On motion of Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, - -The Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business; and - -After the consideration of executive business the doors were -reopened; - -When, - -On motion of Mr. Gorman, at 3 o’clock and 40 minutes p. m., - -The Senate adjourned. - - - - -Suggestions for Compositors, Readers, and Revisers. - - -HELP EACH OTHER. - -Workmen in every department should follow instructions in spirit -as well as in letter. Unthinking performance--the listless doing -of just what has been told and no more--is not satisfactory. It is -believed the good workman will take interest in his duties. He is -expected at suitable times to help others in their work. The excuse -that it is “none of my business,” or that “it was the reader’s -business,” or that “it was the foreman’s business” to give a word -of warning or a helping hand to prevent delay, error, or other -trouble is a poor one. It is the business of every man to do what -he can to prevent error in any department, and as faulty work is -usually done through inattention or unfamiliarity with the style, -suggestions should be courteously offered and received. - - -TYPESETTING. - -For the successful maintenance of a high standard of workmanship -and for the correctness of the work done in the office, not a -little depends upon the care, judgment, skill, and intelligence of -the compositors. Indifferent, careless men are not in demand in an -office where important publications are constantly being prepared -for press, and where the slightest neglect on the part of those -handling the work may cause serious delay and confusion in some -other division of the office. Recollect that one badly justified -line may stop a press; a careless correction spoil the whole -edition of a book. - -_Study the rules._--Compositors are expected to carefully study the -rules governing composition. A failure to do this will show plainly -in the proof. It must be remembered, however, that all work done in -the office is not in accordance with the regular or office style. -Special instructions will invariably accompany copy of this kind, -and a compositor should ascertain when taking out copy whether it -is to be set according to office style; if it is not, he should -read instructions carefully and confer fully with the foreman or -man at the desk about doubtful questions. The kind of type for the -text (other than long primer) and the use of leads are indicated in -the preparation of the copy, as are indention, type for headlines, -“cast” of tables, and other minor details. The compositor should -not go wrong on these matters, nor should his type contain many -errors, if he will apply himself, think, make certain of his -instructions, and use care. - -_Divisions._--Frequent divisions of words are undesirable, but do -not avoid them entirely at the expense of uniform spacing. - -Do not divide compound words except at the compounding hyphen in -any but extreme cases. - -Divisions at the ends of three adjacent lines will not be passed by -readers except in extreme cases or in narrow measure. - -Divisions on syllables of two letters should be made but rarely. - -_Spacing and justifying._--The spacing of matter must be governed -by the leading. - -Solid matter should be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, and when about -to divide a word prefer to take in. - -Leaded matter should also be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, but when -about to divide a word prefer to drive over. - -In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions -driven over. - -Avoid, if possible, the very thin or very wide spacing of the first -line of a paragraph. - -All lines of composition must be justified so tightly that they -will stand unsupported in the stick. - -Observe in spacing the various formations of letters. There should -be less space between final “y” and initial “w,” for instance, -than between final “d” and initial “h;” less between final “o” and -initial “c” than between final “f” and initial “b.” When a little -extra spacing is necessary, never place it between a comma and -the first letter of succeeding word. The spacing between capital -letters in headings should also be governed by letter formation. - -Do not do all the spacing at either the right or left of the line, -but distribute it in conformity with the foregoing suggestions. The -appearance of a page as a whole depends very much upon the care -shown in spacing. - -Compositors should take every precaution to prevent the soiling of -proof sheets, as it is necessary for the reviser to see clearly -every mark on the margin of a proof after it has been corrected. - -Do not try to cover up or hide an accident. After a proof is read -the first time, if a word or line is pied, or if a “dropout” -occurs, or any accident happens to the type, it is the duty of the -workman to call attention to it in writing on the latest proof -sheet, whether it be a galley revise, page revise, stone revise, -press revise, or foundry revise. If a proof sheet be not available -or immediately at hand, put the types involved FEET UPPERMOST when -returning them to the galley, page, or form. This direction is -intended for all who handle type--laborers, compositors, makers-up, -imposers, and electrotypers--and will be insisted upon. Accidents -will happen, and correctness can be assured only by faithfully -following the instruction here given. - - -READING. - -Readers are expected to be alert, clear-headed, diligent, and -thoughtful. - -Proofs that are overinked, pale, smeared, or that have margins too -narrow for proper marking, or for any reason are not good proofs, -must be refused. - -When a proof is taken out, the reader should inform himself fully -as to the character of the work, whether there are any special -instructions or peculiarities concerning it, whether proof will -be sent out or the work go directly to press, and get such other -information as he may think will assist him; and before beginning -to read he should make sure that copy agrees with proof and that -the entire proof is legible. It is well to do preparatory work and -take a general survey of a proof before beginning to read it. - -The style in which correction marks are made on a proof is an -element of considerable importance. Straggling, unsymmetrical -characters, disconnected marks placed in the margins above or -below the lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading from -an incorrect letter or word to a correction, large marks, marks -made with a blunt pencil, indistinct marks, a frequent use of the -eraser to obliterate marks hastily or incorrectly made, are all -faults to be avoided. Corrections so made are not respected by the -compositor, and he is frequently annoyed and delayed in deciphering -what they mean and to what they refer. In reading proof of wide -tables the reader should take advantage of white space as near as -possible to the error and place the correction therein, thus aiding -all who have occasion to handle the proof afterwards. - -The time to be spent in reading a proof should be governed, in -a great measure, by its importance. While in certain classes of -ordinary work the reader is not expected to detect more than the -plainer errors and make his proof correct to copy, in work of value -he should read critically and try to discover more serious blunders -than spelling, capitalization, punctuation, etc. But speed should -never be greater than is consistent with practical correctness. - -A single reading of figures, either in columns or lines, should be -sufficient. The failure of first reader and copyholder to detect -wrong figures is a serious fault; confidence in them is immediately -strained, the second readers become suspicious of all proofs read -by them and feel compelled to reread entire proof by copy, and many -far-reaching annoyances are liable to follow. When a reader does -not feel positive that figures are correct to copy, or if his sight -becomes confused by a multiplicity of figures or from other cause, -he should request that the proof be reread by copy by someone else. -Physical weakness is not a fault; carelessness and indifference are -always culpable. - -The substance of the preceding paragraph applies also to “fol. -lit.” matter, especially bills, laws, and court work. - -When an entire “take” or proof seems to have been set uniformly, a -reader should never make important changes in indentions of tables -or make like corrections which will cause a great deal of work -without consulting the foreman, the copy preparer, or the man at -the proof table. - -The reader should endeavor to verify, by the reference books in the -office, all proper names, whether they are of people or places, or -whatever they may be; every date; every quotation from standard -works; every foreign word or phrase, and the ordinary nomenclature -of science. When this can not be done and he has a reasonable -doubt, he should request the author to verify it. But when the -reader does discover errors of this class or when he detects -inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously made by the writer -through lapse of the memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty -to correct. He does so at his peril, however. He must know, not -suspect, that they are errors, and be prepared, if called upon, to -vindicate the soundness of his correction by recognized authority. -If he does not know, he should query. - -When a reader is unable to decide positively as to the correctness -of a date, phrase, name, quotation, etc., or if he does not feel -at liberty to make the desired change because of instructions to -“follow” or “follow literally,” or because he is reading a bill or -law, he should query. This should not always be done by a simple -question mark (for that is sometimes so confusing to the author -that he feels like raising a query of his own as to its meaning), -but by writing the suggested amendment or explaining the reason for -the query in full. - -In work of particular value--historic or scientific publications, -books that may be used for reference, etc.--the reader should -be on the lookout for faulty construction of sentences, bad -metaphors, inconsistent statements, the misuse of words, and -defects of similar character. These he should query. The proofs -of this class of work always go out, and the author will probably -welcome reasonable suggestions; but the reader must not worry -himself or the author about the extreme niceties of grammar or -suggest pedantic emendations. Discrimination should be made and the -author’s style not confounded with his lapses. - -Readers will carefully note the instructions to compositors as to -spacing, division of words, etc., and never hesitate to mark when -work is imperfect. - -Second readers are enjoined to keep in full sympathy with first -readers and copy preparers. They must always consult with the -latter before making important changes in proof, and they should -feel free to respectfully call the attention of a first reader -to errors in style or blunders of any kind that may have been -frequently overlooked by him. The marks of the copy preparer must -be given consideration by all. He has probably handled the entire -work and is in a position to know more about its peculiarities than -the man who reads but a small portion. - - -GALLEY-PROOF REVISING. - -The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. -While a reviser is not expected to read proof, it is not enough for -him to slavishly follow the marks found on the proof sheet which -has been to the composing room for correction. His aim should be to -discover new errors, if possible, make the matter uniform in all -essential points, and correct inconsistencies, due perhaps to a -difference of opinion among the readers. At the same time he should -see that all corrections have been properly made in the type, that -words or lines have not been transposed by the compositor in making -the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of -words, and good printing generally have been observed. Compositors -have no excuse for the neglect of even spacing, either when setting -the type or when making corrections, and the reader or reviser who -passes bad spacing will be held in fault. - -A reviser must not remodel the punctuation of the readers or make -any serious changes in the work unless the matter apparently -needing correction is of unmistakable importance. If he thinks it -necessary that an important change should be made, he should submit -the change proposed to the foreman for his decision. - -All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the -proof to be sent out, which should always be clean and well printed. - -Every paragraph containing an alteration in a proof that makes -one or more overruns must be reread as first proof. It must -be read aloud by copyholder, word for word, to the end of the -paragraph, or at least far enough to satisfy the reviser that the -proper correction has been made and no new errors have slipped in -while the lines were being handled. The practice of revising the -alteration only and of rereading without copyholder has been the -source of many errors, and will no longer be permitted. - -Revising should be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work -must not be sacrificed to haste. The “hurry” excuse for passing bad -work will not be accepted, as assistance will be furnished whenever -necessary. - - -PRESS REVISING. - -Press revising is a branch of proof-room work requiring special -adaptability and great diligence and care. Not only must the -reviser observe that the rules governing the work of those who -precede him have been followed, but he must be on the alert for a -multiplicity of points not coming within their sphere. Hence, a -clear head, quick eye, knowledge of the style, acquaintance with -the make-up of various publications, a high sense of order, an -ability for detail, and mind and nerves not easily disturbed are -prerequisites to success in the work. - -A few general rules only can be given to guide the press reviser. -He handles a variety of work and must decide each point as it -presents itself. He is cautioned never to allow his work to get -behind (calling for assistance when rushed), but not to make a -sacrifice of correctness for the sake of speed. - -The following rules should be carefully studied: - -1. See that galley slips connect before beginning the page or press -revise. - -2. See that page folios are continuous, that running heads are -correct and uniform, and that the proper signature is correctly -placed. - -3. See that the series of proof sheets is clean and clear; send for -another proof in case they are not. - -4. Revise carefully, observing connections between pages, carrying -all unanswered queries, and taking care that continued and repeated -lines are free from errors. - -5. If a revise is badly corrected or is from any cause not -reasonably free from error, call for another correction and proof -(stating number wanted), and destroy all duplicates. - -6. Be on the lookout for “dropouts,” doublets, and transpositions, -applying the rules laid down for first revisers. - -7. Read by copy all running heads, and box heads in continuous -tables; see that all leading lines are carried at the top where -subordinate matter turns over; that dollar marks and italic -captions of columns are properly placed and uniform; that the -matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, and that -footnotes fall on the page containing the corresponding reference, -and are symmetrically arranged. - -8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in -the ordinary course of business, especially of the final proofs -from which a work is sent to the press or foundry. - -9. On first page of a signature of a stone or press revise carry -the number of copies and kind of paper, with any special directions -that may be necessary; and see that the form is properly imposed. - -10. Be particular in making the “mark-off” on a galley slip when -the first page proofs are sent out, cutting the proof sheet and -noting upon it the connecting galley slug, the folio of the -succeeding page, and the proper signature of the same. Retain the -“mark-off” and deliver the galley slips with the clean proof to the -proof clerk. - -11. Always make sure that different sets of proof sheets on any -work are correctly marked in series, as “R,” “2d R,” “3d R,” -etc., and when a sheet is stamped “another proof” carry the same -designating “R” on the corresponding clean one, and destroy the -stamped proof when it has served its purpose. - -12. In Court of Claims and Supreme Court records the index must be -filled in by the press reviser, the first signature being retained -for that purpose. - -13. When two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser -should separate the parts to verify the imposition. Until familiar -with the “fold,” however, caution must be exercised in cutting the -sheet. - -14. Press, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. In the -latter especial care must be taken that rules do not lap, that work -is not jammed in the “lockup,” that damaged letters and “slips” are -indicated, and that the matter is ready in all respects to pass -severe criticism. - -15. Government publications are usually made up in the following -order: - - Page 1. Title. - Page 2. Blank. - Page 3. Table of contents. If ending on an odd-numbered page, then-- - Page 4. Blank. - Page 5. Letter of transmittal. - Page 6. Blank. - Page 7. Text proper. - -In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the -proof sheet. Tables of contents, letters of transmittal, lists of -illustrations, the text proper of a book, and all matter following -half titles (except parallel tables) should begin on a new odd page. - - -SIGNATURES. - -16. All signatures are designated by consecutive numbers--2, 3, -4, etc.--from the first to the last. The distinguishing feature -is usually the jacket number, preceding the signature number and -connected with it by a 2-em dash. For some works contractions -of the title are used, especially in annual or other periodical -reports, forms for which can be had upon reference to the last one -issued. House and Senate documents take the following signature -forms: - - H. Ex. 123----7 S. Rep. 13----9 - H. Rep. 247----3 S. Ex. 27----3 - H. Mis. 17----2 S. Mis. 123----2 - H. Ex. 13--pt 2----5 S. Mis. 42--pt 3----9 - -Signatures are usually worked in sixteens, but with large pages the -form of eights is the standard when printed from type. - - -BILL REVISING. - -17. In sending bills to press there are points to be watched -which do not appear in other work. The open character of the -pages makes the form peculiarly liable to accident, and each page -must be closely scanned for faults. A press reviser must be fully -conversant with all the details and peculiarities of bill work and -be ready to correct or take counsel upon any seeming error of style -or apparent fault. He must see that the indorsements on bills fall -on “even” pages and that they back up properly and have the proper -make-up; also compare the number of the bill on the indorsement -with that on the face, as a safeguard against error. When any -change has been made in the side folios, he must run the same to -the end of the series and answer for their correctness. He must -see that the proper number of copies is written on each signature -page, according to the schedule or memorandum furnished him. In -short, the reviser is an umpire on bill work whose alertness is his -qualification for the work. He is not expected to read the proof, -but he must train his eye to detect errors at a glance. - -18. Bills are worked in forms of eights. The signatures are made up -like the following: - - Senate bills: Senate amendments to House bills: - S. 2433----2 A. H. R. 4864----2 - - Senate resolutions: House bills: - S. R. 196----2 H. R. 2142----3 - - Senate Mis. Docs.: House resolutions: - S. Mis. 24----2 H. Res. 194----3 - -19. When a bill is reprinted on account of some error or change, an -asterisk is used at the foot of the first page. When more than one -signature is reprinted, the asterisk follows the signature number. - -20. Committee bills are always confidential. If of more than eight -pages the distinguishing signature must be invented and placed on -the first as well as succeeding forms. There are usually several -prints of committee bills, each of which must be distinguished by -serial additions to the signature, as A, B, C, etc. - -21. Every paragraph which has been overrun in correcting must -be read aloud by copyholder from the proof sheet, which must be -followed literally. - - -SIGNATURE NUMBERS FOR EIGHTS. - - 1 TITLE | 26 201 | 51 401 | 76 601 | 101 801 - 2 9 | 27 209 | 52 409 | 77 609 | 102 809 - 3 17 | 28 217 | 53 417 | 78 617 | 103 817 - 4 25 | 29 225 | 54 425 | 79 625 | 104 825 - 5 33 | 30 233 | 55 433 | 80 633 | 105 833 - 6 41 | 31 241 | 56 441 | 81 641 | 106 841 - 7 49 | 32 249 | 57 449 | 82 649 | 107 849 - 8 57 | 33 257 | 58 457 | 83 657 | 108 857 - 9 65 | 34 265 | 59 465 | 84 665 | 109 865 - 10 73 | 35 273 | 60 473 | 85 673 | 110 873 - 11 81 | 36 281 | 61 481 | 86 681 | 111 881 - 12 89 | 37 289 | 62 489 | 87 689 | 112 889 - 13 97 | 38 297 | 63 497 | 88 697 | 113 897 - 14 105 | 39 305 | 64 505 | 89 705 | 114 905 - 15 113 | 40 313 | 65 513 | 90 713 | 115 913 - 16 121 | 41 321 | 66 521 | 91 721 | 116 921 - 17 129 | 42 329 | 67 529 | 92 729 | 117 929 - 18 137 | 43 337 | 68 537 | 93 737 | 118 937 - 19 145 | 44 345 | 69 545 | 94 745 | 119 945 - 20 153 | 45 353 | 70 553 | 95 753 | 120 953 - 21 161 | 46 361 | 71 561 | 96 761 | 121 961 - 22 169 | 47 369 | 72 569 | 97 769 | 122 969 - 23 177 | 48 377 | 73 577 | 98 777 | 123 977 - 24 185 | 49 385 | 74 585 | 99 785 | 124 985 - 25 193 | 50 393 | 75 593 | 100 793 | 125 993 - - -SIGNATURE NUMBERS FOR SIXTEENS. - - 1 TITLE | 39 609 | 77 1217 | 115 1825 | 153 2433 - 2 17 | 40 625 | 78 1233 | 116 1841 | 154 2449 - 3 33 | 41 641 | 79 1249 | 117 1857 | 155 2465 - 4 49 | 42 657 | 80 1265 | 118 1873 | 156 2481 - 5 65 | 43 673 | 81 1281 | 119 1889 | 157 2497 - 6 81 | 44 689 | 82 1297 | 120 1905 | 158 2513 - 7 97 | 45 705 | 83 1313 | 121 1921 | 159 2529 - 8 113 | 46 721 | 84 1329 | 122 1937 | 160 2545 - 9 129 | 47 737 | 85 1345 | 123 1953 | 161 2561 - 10 145 | 48 753 | 86 1361 | 124 1969 | 162 2577 - 11 161 | 49 769 | 87 1377 | 125 1985 | 163 2593 - 12 177 | 50 785 | 88 1393 | 126 2001 | 164 2609 - 13 193 | 51 801 | 89 1409 | 127 2017 | 165 2625 - 14 209 | 52 817 | 90 1425 | 128 2033 | 166 2641 - 15 225 | 53 833 | 91 1441 | 129 2049 | 167 2657 - 16 241 | 54 849 | 92 1457 | 130 2065 | 168 2673 - 17 257 | 55 865 | 93 1473 | 131 2081 | 169 2689 - 18 273 | 56 881 | 94 1489 | 132 2097 | 170 2705 - 19 289 | 57 897 | 95 1505 | 133 2113 | 171 2721 - 20 305 | 58 913 | 96 1521 | 134 2129 | 172 2737 - 21 321 | 59 929 | 97 1537 | 135 2145 | 173 2753 - 22 337 | 60 945 | 98 1553 | 136 2161 | 174 2769 - 23 353 | 61 961 | 99 1569 | 137 2177 | 175 2785 - 24 369 | 62 977 | 100 1585 | 138 2193 | 176 2801 - 25 385 | 63 993 | 101 1601 | 139 2209 | 177 2817 - 26 401 | 64 1009 | 102 1617 | 140 2225 | 178 2833 - 27 417 | 65 1025 | 103 1633 | 141 2241 | 179 2849 - 28 433 | 66 1041 | 104 1649 | 142 2257 | 180 2865 - 29 449 | 67 1057 | 105 1665 | 143 2273 | 181 2881 - 30 465 | 68 1073 | 106 1681 | 144 2289 | 182 2897 - 31 481 | 69 1089 | 107 1697 | 145 2305 | 183 2913 - 32 497 | 70 1105 | 108 1713 | 146 2321 | 184 2929 - 33 513 | 71 1121 | 109 1729 | 147 2337 | 185 2945 - 34 529 | 72 1137 | 110 1745 | 148 2353 | 186 2961 - 35 545 | 73 1153 | 111 1761 | 149 2369 | 187 2977 - 36 561 | 74 1169 | 112 1777 | 150 2385 | 188 2993 - 37 577 | 75 1185 | 113 1793 | 151 2401 | 189 3009 - 38 593 | 76 1201 | 114 1809 | 152 2417 | 190 3025 - - - - -APPENDIX. - - - - -STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS. - - -WIDTH OF PAGE. - - | | | Bulletins - | Pica. | Record | Bureau of - | | Small pica, old style. | type. | American - | | | Long primer. | | Republics. - | | | | Long primer, old style.+---------+--------------- - | | | | | Brevier. | | - | | | | | | Brevier, old style. | - | | | | | | | Nonpareil. | - | | | | | | | | Nonpareil, old style. - | | | | | | | | | Brevier. - | | | | | | | | | | Nonpareil. - | | | | | | | | | | | Brevier. - | | | | | | | | | | | | L.primer. - | | | | | | | | | | | | |Pica. ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----- -Census | 42 | | 53 | | 66½| | 84 | 65 | 85½| | | | -Quarto | 36 | | 45½| 45½| 57 | 55¼| 72 | 72¾| 55½| 73½| | | -Statutes | 32 | | 40½| | 50⅔| | 64 | | 49½| 65½| | | -Prof. papers | | | | | | | | | | | - (new) | 31½| | 39½| 39½| 50 | | 63 | | 48½| 64 | | | -Document | 26 | 30 | 33 | 33 | 41¼| 39½| 52 | 52¾| 40 | 52¾| 40 | 32⅔| 26⅖ -Court decisions[1] | | | | | | | | | | | -12mo | 22 | | 28 | 28 | 35 | | 44 | | | | | | -Law[2] | 21½| | 27¼| 27¼| 34⅓| 33¼| 43 | 43¾| 33 | 43½| | | -General | | | | | | | | | | | | | - order | 20¼| | 25½| 25½| 32 | 31¼| 40½| 41¼| 31⅓| 41¼| | | -Record[3]| 20⅞| 24 | 26⅓| 26⅓| 33 | 33 | 41½| 41½| 32 | 42¼| | | ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----- - -LENGTH OF PAGE.[4] - ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- -Census | 58 | | 72 | | 91 | |116 | | 88 |116 | | | -Quarto | 52 | | 65 | 65 | 82 | 80¼|104 |106 | 80 |106 | | | -Statutes | 50 | | 62½| 62½| 78½| |100 | | 76 |100 | | | -Prof. papers | | | | | | | | | | | | - (new) | 44⅔| | 56½| 56½| 71 | | 89⅓| | 69 | 91 | | | -Document | 44¼ {51½} 56 | 56 | 70¼| 68⅓| 88½| 90 | 68 | 90 | 58¾| 48 | 38¾ - | {44⅕} | | | | | | | | [5]| [5]| [5] - | | [5]| | | | | | | | | | | -Court | | | | | | | | | | | | | - decisions 40½| | 50½| 50½| 64 | | 81 | | | | | | -12mo | 40 | | 49¾| 50 | 62½| | 80 | | | | | | -Law[6] | 44¼| | 56 | 56 | 70 | 68⅓| 88½| 90 | 61 | 81 | | | -General | | | | | | | | | | | | | - order | 31½| | 40 | 40 | 50 | 48¾| 63 | 63 | 49 | 63 | | | -Record | 58 | 65 | 72 | 72 | 89 | 89 |113 |113 | 87 |114 | | | ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] The same width as document, indented 2 ems primer on each side. - -[2] Text only. - -[3] Width of column. - -[4] Does not include head or foot slug. - -[5] Bulletins Bureau of American Republics in length. - -[6] When made up with side notes. - - - - -SIGNS. - - -MATHEMATICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, AND PHYSICAL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -GREEK ALPHABET. - - - +---------+-------------+------------+------------+ - | CAPS. | LOWER | GREEK | ENGLISH | - | | CASE. | SOUND. | SOUND. | - +---------+-------------+------------+------------+ - | Α | α | Alpha. | A. | - | Β | β ϐ | Beta. | B. | - | Γ | γ | Gamma. | G. | - | Δ | δ | Delta. | D. | - | Ε | ε ϵ | Epsilon. | E short. | - | Ζ | ζ | Zeta. | Z. | - | Η | η | Eta. | E long. | - | Θ | θ ϑ | Theta. | Th. | - | Ι | ι | Iota. | I. | - | Κ | κ ϰ | Kappa. | K. | - | Λ | λ | Lambda. | L. | - | Μ | μ | Mu. | M. | - | Ν | ν | Nu. | N. | - | Ξ | ξ | Xi. | X. | - | Ο | ο | Omicron. | O short. | - | Π | π ϖ | Pi. | P. | - | Ρ | ρ | Rho. | R. | - | Σ | σ ς | Sigma. | S. | - | Τ | τ | Tau. | T. | - | Υ | υ | Upsilon. | U. | - | Φ | φ ϕ | Phi. | F. | - | Χ | χ | Chi. | Ch. | - | Ψ | ψ | Psi. | Ps. | - | Ω | ω | Omega. | O long. | - +---------+-------------+------------+------------+ - - - - -GREEK CASE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -PRINCIPAL GREEK ACCENTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - The only Footnotes in the book refer to the first Table on pg 39 and - have been kept at the bottom of that Table. - - The Table on pg 21 was very wide and has been split into two parts, - with the first column repeated in each part. - - The ‘STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS’ Table on pg 39 had vertical column - headings, which have been made horizontal in this etext. - - The ‘GREEK ALPHABET’ Table on pg 40 is missing three lower-case letter - variants (two for zeta and one for psi) that were present in the - original book, but have no modern representation in Unicode. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. - - Pg 24, ‘even. length’ replaced by ‘even-length’. - Pg 31, ‘itsert in lieu’ replaced by ‘insert in lieu’. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Manual of Style governing Composition -and Proof Reading in the Government P, by United States Government Printing Office - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MANUAL OF STYLE *** - -***** This file should be named 55585-0.txt or 55585-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - 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- font-size:90%; - padding:0.5em; - margin-top:5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; -} - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - - - </style> - </head> - -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Manual of Style governing Composition and -Proof Reading in the Government Printing , by United States Government Printing Office - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Manual of Style governing Composition and Proof Reading in the Government Printing Office - -Author: United States Government Printing Office - -Release Date: September 20, 2017 [EBook #55585] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MANUAL OF STYLE *** - - - - -Produced by deaurider, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>A small box representing a space is denoted by the ▢ symbol.</p> - -<p>Some minor changes are noted at <a href="#TN">the end of the book</a>.</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="600" alt="original cover" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - -<h1> -<span class="xl lsp">MANUAL OF STYLE</span><br /><br /> - -<span class="xs">GOVERNING</span><br /><br /> - -<span class="xl">COMPOSITION AND PROOF READING</span><br /><br /> - -<span class="xs">IN THE</span><br /><br /> - -<span class="xl">GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.</span></h1> - -<hr class="r15" /> -<p class="p4 pfs80">PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER.</p> - -<p class="p4" /> -<hr class="r15" /> -<p class="p4 pfs80">WASHINGTON:</p> -<p class="pfs70 lsp">GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.</p> -<p class="pfs100 lsp">1894.</p> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS.</a></h2> - -<div class="center smcap"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdr fvnormal">Page.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#ABBREVIATIONS">Abbreviations</a></td><td class="tdr">8</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#BILL_STYLE">Bill style</a></td><td class="tdr">25–28</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#CAPITALIZATION">Capitalization</a></td><td class="tdr">9–16</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#COMPOUNDING">Compounding</a></td><td class="tdr">17</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#COURT_WORK">Court work</a></td><td class="tdr">22</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#FOLLOW_FOL_LIT">Follow—follow lit</a></td><td class="tdr">22</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#GENERAL_TESTIMONY">General testimony</a></td><td class="tdr">23</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#GEOGRAPHIC_NAMES">Geographic names</a></td><td class="tdr">7</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#PRINCIPAL_GREEK_ACCENTS">Greek accents</a></td><td class="tdr">40</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#GREEK_ALPHABET">Greek alphabet</a></td><td class="tdr">40</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#GREEK_CASE">Greek case</a></td><td class="tdr">40</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#JOURNAL_WORK">Journal work</a></td><td class="tdr">29–32</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#SIGNS">Mathematical, astronomical, and physical signs</a></td><td class="tdr">39</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#MISCELLANEOUS">Miscellaneous</a></td><td class="tdr">24</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#ORTHOGRAPHY">Orthography</a></td><td class="tdr">7</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#PREFACE">Preface</a></td><td class="tdr">5</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#STANDARD_PAGE_MEASUREMENTS">Standard page measurements</a></td><td class="tdr">39</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#SUGGESTIONS_TO_AUTHORS">Suggestions to authors</a></td><td class="tdr">6</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#Suggestions_for_Compositors">Suggestions for compositors, readers, and revisers</a></td><td class="tdr">33–38</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#TABULAR_WORK">Tabular work</a></td><td class="tdr">19–21</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#USE_OF_FIGURES">Use of figures</a></td><td class="tdr">18</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#USE_OF_ITALIC">Use of italic</a></td><td class="tdr">23</td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">PREFACE.</a></h2> -<hr class="r15" /> - -<p>Clear and positive rules for composition and proof reading are needed in printing -offices to prevent confusion and unnecessary delay and expense. Inflexible rules for -style in all works can not be given, but for the general work of the Government -Printing Office the rules herein contained will be observed. When important -changes are to be made, written or printed instructions will be furnished or there -will be a special preparation of copy.</p> - -<p>All persons connected with the typographical divisions of this office are requested -to preserve this book and study carefully and well the rules and suggestions offered -for their guidance.</p> - -<p>Department editors are requested to make their copy conform as nearly as possible -to the style here presented, and to specify fully when sending work to this office -any general deviation therefrom that may be desired.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="SUGGESTIONS_TO_AUTHORS" id="SUGGESTIONS_TO_AUTHORS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS.</a></h2> -<hr class="r15" /> - - -<p>Authors are advised to so prepare their copy that it can be clearly understood by -the printer. Nothing should be left for conjecture. Measurable perfection can be -secured by first transcribing copy on the typewriter, and before releasing it for -publication giving it as careful revision as is afterwards given proof sheets. In -the end this will not only save time, but Department printing funds frequently -exhausted in making author’s corrections in proof will be available for other work. -Typewritten copy is always preferable, when not on paper too thin, but plain copy -is absolutely essential to good work.</p> - -<p>The following are offered as suggestions which, if heeded, will enable this office to -achieve the best results:</p> - -<p>1. All paragraphs should be clearly marked on copy, thus avoiding vexatious misprints -due to overrunning in proof.</p> - -<p>2. Objects, photographs, or drawings for illustration should accompany manuscript. -Each should bear the name of the publication to which it belongs, together -with the figure or plate number, and necessary titles or legends for the same should be -inserted at the proper place in copy. A complete list of plates and figures should -always accompany the paper.</p> - -<p>3. When a work is made up of several parts, or papers, a carefully prepared schedule -of the desired arrangement should be forwarded with the manuscript.</p> - -<p>4. Proper names and technical terms should be plainly and carefully written, -using <span class="fs80">CAPITAL</span> letters if necessary, and each should be verified before the copy is -sent to the printer.</p> - -<p>5. Details of capitalization and punctuation may be safely left to the printers and -proof readers. It is part of their profession; they make a study of the subject, and -will generally meet the author’s taste.</p> - -<p>6. Write only on one side of the paper. When printed matter covering more than -one side of a sheet is used as copy, a <span class="fs80">DUPLICATE</span> should be furnished; otherwise much -trouble is caused in cutting.</p> - -<p>7. When, as an afterthought, new matter making more than a line is inserted, it -should be written on a separate sheet and the place for its insertion clearly indicated.</p> - -<p>8. Galley proofs will be furnished when desired. It is important that all corrections -be made on the first proofs; later ones should be used only for purposes of -verification.</p> - -<p>9. Corrections in stereotype or electrotype plates usually do more harm than good. -They weaken the plate and render new errors probable through damaged letters.</p> - -<p>10. Authors and compilers are requested to direct those handling their manuscript -to transmit the same to the Printing Office in flat form—never to roll it if it can -be avoided.</p> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs150">RULES GOVERNING WORK IN THE DOCUMENT DIVISIONS OF -THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.</p> - -<p class="pfs100">(Adopted December 3, 1894.)</p> - -<hr class="r15" /> - -<h2 class="no-brk"><a name="ORTHOGRAPHY" id="ORTHOGRAPHY"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">ORTHOGRAPHY.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Follow Webster’s International Dictionary.</p> - -<p>2. Observe the spelling of the following words:</p> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>Arapahoe</p> -<p>Arapahoes</p> -<p>Navajo</p> -<p>Navajoes</p> -<p>upward</p> -<p>downward</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>backward</p> -<p>forward</p> -<p>toward</p> -<p>aftward</p> -<p>afterwards</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>draft, drafting, etc.</p> -<p>manila (city and product)</p> -<p>canyon</p> -<p>embed</p> -<p>waterway</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>employee</p> -<p>missfire</p> -<p>farther (distance)</p> -<p>further (other than distance)</p> -</div> - -<p>3. Use the following forms of words:</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>O. K.</p> -<p>taggers tin</p> -<p>feet, B. M.</p> -<p>Anderson & Co.’s invoice</p> -<p>5 by (not x) 10 inches</p> -<p>by day (not day’s) labor</p> -<p>State (not State’s) prison</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>quartermaster stores</p> -<p>one-fourth (where ¼ is marked “spell” in copy)</p> -<p>Jones’s (possessive)</p> -<p>can not</p> -<p>waterworks</p> -<p>waterway</p> -<p>cattleman</p> -</div> - -<p>4. Omit the dieresis in such words as reexamine, cooperation, preemption, zoology.</p> - -<p>5. The following is a list of words in common use in which accented letters occur. -Follow it, except in works of the United States Geological Survey and United States -Coast and Geodetic Survey, in which no accented letters are permissible:</p> - -<div class="textcol4" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> -<p>attaché</p> -<p>bête noir</p> -<p>blasé</p> -<p>Champs Élysées</p> -<p>chargé d’affaires</p> -<p>confrère</p> -<p>coup d’état</p> -<p>coup de grâce</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> -<p>débris</p> -<p>élite</p> -<p>en arriére</p> -<p>en échelon</p> -<p>en déshabille</p> -<p>en règle</p> -<p>entrée</p> -<p>entrepôt</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> -<p>eozoon</p> -<p>exposé</p> -<p>façade</p> -<p>fête champêtre</p> -<p>garçon</p> -<p>matériel (Fr.)</p> -<p>mêlée</p> -<p>née</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> -<p>papier mâché</p> -<p>procés verbal</p> -<p>protégé</p> -<p>régime</p> -<p>résumé</p> -<p>rôle</p> -<p>rôle d’équipage</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2><a name="GEOGRAPHIC_NAMES" id="GEOGRAPHIC_NAMES"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">GEOGRAPHIC NAMES.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. In the spelling of geographic names give preference as follows: Decisions of the -United States Board on Geographic Names, United States Postal Guide, Lippincott’s -Gazetteer, and Rand, McNally & Co.’s Atlas, in the order named.</p> - -<p>2. The following are the general rules governing the decisions of the Board on -Geographic Names:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>The possessive apostrophe is dropped.</p> -<p>The final “h” is dropped from names ending in “burgh”: Pittsburg, not Pittsburgh.</p> -<p>Names ending in “borough” are contracted to “boro”: Boonsboro, not Boonsborough.</p> -<p>Names are not compounded: Alluwe, not Al-lu-we; Hongkong, not Hong-Kong.</p> -<p>“C. H.” is omitted as part of the names of county seats: Fairfax, not Fairfax C. H.</p> -<p>Spell Center, not Centre.</p> -<p>Accented letters are not used, except in rare instances, as <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Curaçao; Réunion; St. François.</span></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="ABBREVIATIONS" id="ABBREVIATIONS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">ABBREVIATIONS.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Follow Postal-Guide contractions for States and Territories (except Oregon, for -which use Oreg.) after names of forts, barracks, arsenals, navy-yards, naval stations, -post-offices, counties, military or Indian reservations, and Indian agencies. Note the -following examples:</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Fort Barrancas, Fla.</p> -<p>Vancouver Barracks, Wash.</p> -<p>Rock Island Arsenal, Ill.</p> -<p>League Island Navy-Yard, Pa.</p> -<p>Key West Naval Station, Fla.</p> -<p>Albany, N. Y.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Hudson County, N. J.</p> -<p>Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nev.</p> -<p>Pine Ridge Agency, S. Dak.</p> -<p>Springfield Armory, Mass.</p> -<p>Fort Myer Military Reservation, Va.</p> -</div> - - -<p class="pfs90">POSTAL-GUIDE CONTRACTIONS.</p> - -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="99%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">Alabama</td><td class="tdl">Ala.</td><td class="tdlx">Kentucky</td><td class="tdl">Ky.</td><td class="tdlx">North Dakota</td><td class="tdl">N. Dak.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Alaska Territory</td><td class="tdl">Alaska</td><td class="tdlx">Louisiana</td><td class="tdl">La.</td><td class="tdlx">Ohio</td><td class="tdl">Ohio</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Arizona Territory</td><td class="tdl">Ariz.</td><td class="tdlx">Maine</td><td class="tdl">Me.</td><td class="tdlx">Oklahoma Territory</td><td class="tdl">Okla.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Arkansas</td><td class="tdl">Ark.</td><td class="tdlx">Maryland</td><td class="tdl">Md.</td><td class="tdlx">Oregon</td><td class="tdl">Oregon</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">California</td><td class="tdl">Cal.</td><td class="tdlx">Massachusetts</td><td class="tdl">Mass.</td><td class="tdlx">Pennsylvania</td><td class="tdl">Pa.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Colorado</td><td class="tdl">Colo.</td><td class="tdlx">Michigan</td><td class="tdl">Mich.</td><td class="tdlx">Rhode Island</td><td class="tdl">R. I.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Connecticut</td><td class="tdl">Conn.</td><td class="tdlx">Minnesota</td><td class="tdl">Minn.</td><td class="tdlx">South Carolina</td><td class="tdl">S. C.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Delaware</td><td class="tdl">Del.</td><td class="tdlx">Mississippi</td><td class="tdl">Miss.</td><td class="tdlx">South Dakota</td><td class="tdl">S. Dak.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">District of Columbia</td><td class="tdl">D. C.</td><td class="tdlx">Missouri</td><td class="tdl">Mo.</td><td class="tdlx">Tennessee</td><td class="tdl">Tenn.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Florida</td><td class="tdl">Fla.</td><td class="tdlx">Montana</td><td class="tdl">Mont.</td><td class="tdlx">Texas</td><td class="tdl">Tex.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Georgia</td><td class="tdl">Ga.</td><td class="tdlx">Nebraska</td><td class="tdl">Nebr.</td><td class="tdlx">Utah Territory</td><td class="tdl">Utah</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Idaho</td><td class="tdl">Idaho</td><td class="tdlx">Nevada</td><td class="tdl">Nev.</td><td class="tdlx">Vermont</td><td class="tdl">Vt.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Illinois</td><td class="tdl">Ill.</td><td class="tdlx">New Hampshire</td><td class="tdl">N. H.</td><td class="tdlx">Virginia</td><td class="tdl">Va.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Indiana</td><td class="tdl">Ind.</td><td class="tdlx">New Jersey</td><td class="tdl">N. J.</td><td class="tdlx">Washington</td><td class="tdl">Wash.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Indian Territory</td><td class="tdl">Ind. T.</td><td class="tdlx">New Mexico Territory</td><td class="tdl">N. Mex.</td><td class="tdlx">West Virginia</td><td class="tdl">W. Va.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Iowa</td><td class="tdl">Iowa</td><td class="tdlx">New York</td><td class="tdl">N. Y.</td><td class="tdlx">Wisconsin</td><td class="tdl">Wis.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Kansas</td><td class="tdl">Kans.</td><td class="tdlx">North Carolina</td><td class="tdl">N. C.</td><td class="tdlx">Wyoming</td><td class="tdl">Wyo.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p class="p1" /> -<p>2. Titles of courtesy and professional titles preceding names will be contracted or -spelled according to the following list:</p> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>Mr.</p> -<p>Messrs.</p> -<p>Mrs.</p> -<p>Dr.</p> -<p>Professor<br />(with surname)</p> -<p>Prof.<br />(with Christian name)</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>Rev. (the Reverend)</p> -<p>Right Rev.</p> -<p>Very Rev.</p> -<p>Hon. (the Honorable)</p> -<p>Right Hon.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>* M. (monsieur)</p> -<p>* MM. (messieurs)</p> -<p>* Mme. (madame)</p> -<p>* Mlle. (mademoiselle)</p> -<p>* Mgr. (monsignor)</p> -<p>* Sig. (signor)</p> -<p>* Signora</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>* Signorita</p> -<p>* Señor</p> -<p>* Señorita</p> -<p>* Señora</p> -<p>* Herr</p> -</div> - - -<p class="fs80"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—When any of the titles marked with an asterisk, with or without the Christian name, precedes -“de,” use lower-case “d;” otherwise use capital “D.” This rule applies also to “du,” “von,” -“van,” etc.</p> - -<p>3. Military and official titles preceding names will be spelled out in text when -the Christian name or initial is not used, but in tabular work and where the Christian -name or initial is used the annexed list will be the guide:</p> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>President</p> -<p>Governor</p> -<p>Supt.</p> -<p>Bvt. (brevet)</p> -<p>Army titles:</p> -<p><span class="pad1">Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Lieut. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Maj. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Brig. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Adjt. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Surg. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Judge-Advocate-Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Insp. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Com. Gen.</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p><span class="pad1">Q. M. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">P. M. Gen.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Col.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Lieut. Col.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Maj.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Surg.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Chaplain</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Capt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Asst. Surg.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">First Lieut.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Second Lieut.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Sergt. Maj.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Hosp. Steward</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p><span class="pad1">Com. Sergt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Q. M. Sergt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Ord. (ordnance) Sergt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Sergt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">First Sergt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Second Sergt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Orderly-Sergt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Corpl.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Private</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Musician</span></p> -<p>Navy titles:</p> -<p><span class="pad1">Admiral</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Vice-Admiral</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p><span class="pad1">Rear-Admiral</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Commodore</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Capt.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Commander</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Lieut. Commander</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Lieut.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Lieut. (Junior Grade)</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Ensign</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Surg.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">P. A. Surg., etc.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Asst. Surg.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Chief Engineer</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1">Chaplain</span></p> -</div> - -<p>4. Distinguishing titles and college degrees, following names, will always be -contracted, as jr., sr., esq.; Ph. D., LL. D.; U. S. A., U. S. N. (See also under “<span class="smcap"><a href="#CAPITALIZATION">Capitalization</a></span>.”)</p> - -<p class="fs80"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—The contractions “U. S. A.” and “U. S. N.,” for United States Army and United States Navy -will be used when so written. When written “U. S. Army” or “U. S. Navy,” spell in full, as—</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>John L. Worden, U. S. N.</p> -<p>R. W. Meade, United States Navy.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>N. A. Miles, U. S. A.</p> -<p>G. G. Crook, United States Army.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> - -<p>5. In parenthetic references to books use “p.” and “pp.” for page and pages, and -“sec.” and “secs.” for section and sections.</p> - -<p>6. “St.” will be used for Saint, but Fort and Mount will not be abbreviated.</p> - -<p>7. Use “etc.” instead of “&c.” Use the character “&” in firm names, but not in -titles of companies having geographic or commercial words as part of the corporate -name, nor in literary, scientific, artistic, or musical companionships. Examples:</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Smith & Brown.</p> -<p>George W. Johnson & Co.</p> -<p>William Greene & Bro.</p> -<p>Wigton Bros. & Co.</p> -<p>Harlan & Hollingsworth Company.</p> -<p>Brown & Jones Mining and Milling Company.</p> -<p>Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Washington and Norfolk Steamboat Company.</p> -<p>Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company.</p> -<p>Washington Flour and Feed Company.</p> -<p>Eastern and Western Transportation Company.</p> -<p>Gilbert and Sullivan.</p> -<p>Cuvier and Valenciennes.</p> -<p>Hay and Nicolay.</p> -</div> - -<p>8. Comprehensive examples of the use of the word “Company” and its contraction -“Co.” are given above. (See also “Contractions” under “<span class="smcap"><a href="#TABULAR_WORK">Tabular work</a></span>.”)</p> - -<p>9. Do not use abbreviation “U. S.” except in connection with naval and other vessels -of the Government, as U. S. S. <i>Kearsarge</i>, U. S. gunboat <i>Katahdin</i>, U. S. monitor <i>Miantonomoh</i>, -U. S. torpedo boat <i>Ericsson</i>, U. S. light-house tender <i>Maple</i>, etc.; but the -contraction may be used in signature and address lines where extreme length makes -it desirable.</p> - -<p>10. Set references to scriptural texts as follows: Genesis xv, 24; II Samuel viii, -9–13; St. Matthew vii, 5.</p> - -<p>11. Streets of the District of Columbia: Fifth street NW.; Florida avenue NE.; -Four-and-a-half street SW.</p> - -<p>12. Where compass directions are contracted, use the forms NE., NNW., etc.</p> - -<p>13. Use “F.” for Fahrenheit and “C.” for centigrade when temperatures are given.</p> - -<p>14. Use “Pl.” and “Fig.” for plate and figure before roman numerals, as Pl. VI, -Fig. XII; “pl.” and “fig.” before figures, as pl. 6, fig. 12.</p> - -<p>15. Use “Rev. Stat.” for Revised Statutes, and “Stat. L.” for Statutes at Large, -in citations.</p> - -<p>16. Set abbreviations for section, township, range, etc., thus: SE. ¼ sec. 5, T. 9 N., -R. 2 E.</p> - -<p>17. Use “loc. cit.” for loco citato; “op. cit.” for opere citato; “sp. gr.” for specific -gravity, and “sp. nov.” for species nova.</p> - -<p>18. Where the metric system of weights and measures is used, follow copy, and -where contractions occur use roman lower-case or superior letters, according to -indicated preference, as “cm. or <sup>cm</sup>,” for centimeter; “mm. or <sup>mm</sup>,” for millimeter; -“c. c. or <sup>cc</sup>,” for cubic centimeter.</p> - -<p>19. After “per cent” and “viz” omit the period.</p> - -<p>20. References to Congressional documents: House Ex. Doc. No. 6, Forty-seventh -Congress, second session; Senate Mis. Doc. No. 10, Forty-sixth Congress, first session.</p> - -<p>21. Use “<em>v.</em>” (<em>versus</em>) in all cases except “fol.” and “fol. lit.”</p> - -<p>22. The symbol “<sup>m</sup>/<sub>n</sub>,” used in connection with South American financial statements, -will be spelled “national money,” in parentheses, immediately following the -amount, as $146 (national money); Rs. 146 (national money).</p> - -<p>23. English money will be expressed by the use of the symbols “£” “s.” “d.” when -amounts are given, as £227 14s. 6d.</p> - -<p>(See also “Contractions” under “<span class="smcap"><a href="#TABULAR_WORK">Tabular work</a></span>,” “<a href="#SC_RECORDS">Supreme Court records</a>,” -and “<a href="#COURT_WORK">Court of Claims opinions, briefs, and decisions</a>.”)</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="CAPITALIZATION" id="CAPITALIZATION"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">CAPITALIZATION.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Use caps for roman numerals designating pages, chapters, articles, or plates.</p> - -<p>2. Use caps for college degrees, viz, D. D., Ph. D., LL. D., A. M., B. A., etc.</p> - -<p>3. Use lower-case “r” in Sr. and Jr., and “sq.” in Esq. in addresses and signatures.</p> - -<p>4. Capitalize, both singular and plural, “department,” “bureau,” “survey,” -“corps,” and “service,” when referring to an Executive Department or important<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> -bureau, of the United States Government; “congress,” referring to the United -States Congress; “house,” referring to the United States Senate or House of Representatives.</p> - -<p>5. Capitalize, singular and plural, Senator, Representative, Delegate, and Member -of the United States Congress and the principal officers of both Houses. Observe -the following:</p> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Architect of the Capitol</p> -<p>President</p> -<p>Secretary</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Chaplain</p> -<p>Sergeant-at-Arms</p> -<p>Speaker</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Clerk</p> -<p>Doorkeeper</p> -</div> - -<p>6. Capitalize the legislative bodies, with their sections, of Governments:</p> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Parliament</p> -<p>House of Lords</p> -<p>House of Commons</p> -<p>the Lords</p> -<p>the Commons</p> -<p>the Reichstag</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Rigsdag</p> -<p>Reichsrath</p> -<p>National Assembly</p> -<p>Corps Législatif</p> -<p>Bundesrath</p> -<p>Skupshtina</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Cortes</p> -<p>Legislature (Hawaii)</p> -<p>the Right</p> -<p>the Center</p> -<p>the Left</p> -<p>States-General (Holland)</p> -</div> - -<p>7. The words “president,” “king,” “queen,” “czar,” “emperor,” etc., when used -definitely and referring to rulers of countries, should be capitalized, as the President, -the Emperor, the Emperor of China, the Chinese Emperor, etc.</p> - -<p>8. Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation. Example: Solomon says, “Pride -goeth before destruction.” Do not capitalize such indirect quotations as “a wise -man says that pride goeth before destruction.”</p> - -<p>9. Capitalize the first word of such indirect quotations as the following, but do -not quote:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>The orator’s chief thought was, How shall we pay the debt?</p> -<p>The penitent’s cry was, What shall I do to be saved?</p> -<p>The subject for debate was, Which is the greater, the pen or the sword?</p> -</div> - -<p>10. Capitalize all commissions and boards authorized by act of Congress when -given in full, singular and plural, as Fish Commission, Civil Service Commission, -Mississippi River Commission, District of Columbia Board of Commissioners, Light-House -Board, etc.; also the words “commission,” “commissioner,” and “board” -where standing alone and referring to the above.</p> - -<p>11. Capitalize all words denoting the Deity; “Reformation” (the), “Revolution” -(1776), “Revolutionary war,” “French Revolution.”</p> - -<p>12. Capitalize the words “army” and “navy” only when they mean the entire -Army and Navy of the United States, and lower-case when used as adjectives. -Examples:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>The troops were supplied with army saddles and blankets.</p> -<p>The army before Nashville was commanded by General Thomas.</p> -<p>He spoke for the Army and Navy, as well as the Administration.</p> -<p>Their clothes were made of navy cloth, and their general appearance was that of navy officials.</p> -<p>He is at the head of the American Navy and conversant with everything pertaining to navy affairs.</p> -</div> - -<p>13. When any word is used specifically as a synonym for “Government” and refers -to any nation, as “crown,” “empire,” “kingdom,” “republic,” “administration,” or -“state,” capitalize it, singular or plural. When indefinite or applied to dependencies, -lower-case it. Examples:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>The Government of the United States, which Government is the best of Governments.</p> -<p>President Cleveland’s Administration compared favorably with preceding Administrations.</p> -<p>His estates were forfeited to the Crown, and his jewels were used to adorn the King’s crown.</p> -<p>Upon the fall of the French Empire, the Empire of Germany was proclaimed.</p> -<p>France, as a republic, strengthened the Republics of the world; as an empire, it weakened them.</p> -</div> - -<p>14. Capitalize “state,” “territory,” “district” (applied to a Federal district, as -District of Alaska, District of Columbia), “canton” (in Switzerland), “province” -(in Canada and Australia), etc., both singular and plural, when referring to administrative -divisions of any country.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p> - -<p>15. When the word “state” is used in contradistinction to “church,” lower-case -it, as “A union of church and state;” also “secretary of state of New York,” “state -policy,” “affairs of state,” etc.</p> - -<p>16. Capitalize heads of Departments and Bureaus (of the United States Government -only), but lower-case division and section officers.</p> - -<p>17. Capitalize names of political parties: Republicans, Democrats, Tories, Home -Rulers, Populists, People’s Party, Prohibition party, Prohibitionists, Farmers’ Alliance, -Liberals, etc.</p> - -<p>18. Capitalize names of societies: Odd Fellows, B’nai B’rith, etc.</p> - -<p>19. Capitalize names of geological ages, eras, and periods:</p> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Ages:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">Archæan</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Paleozoic</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Cenozoic</span></p> -<p>Eras:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">Lower Silurian</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Upper Silurian</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Devonian</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Carboniferous</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Mesozoic</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Jura-Trias</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Jurassic—</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Lias</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Oolite</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Purbeck</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p><span class="pad2">Triassic—</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Lower</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Middle</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Upper</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Rhætic</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Cretaceous—</span></p> -<p><span class="pad4">Lower</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Tertiary</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Quaternary</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Post-Tertiary</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Azoic</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Ezoic</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Cambrian</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>Periods:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">Calciferous</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Chazy</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Corniferous</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Subcarboniferous</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Carboniferous</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Permian</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Eocene</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Oligocene</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Miocene</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Pliocene</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Glacial</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Recent</span></p> -</div> - -<p>20. Capitalize all designations in connection with capital letters or roman numerals, -as Title XV, Schedule C, Finding VI, Exhibit K, Statement B, Article IV, Art. V, -Chapter IX, Chap. XI, Volume XX, Vol. X, Section VII, Sec. VI, etc.; but lower-case -when used with figures, as chapter 10, volume 5, chap. 8, vol. 2, etc. “Exhibit,” -“Appendix,” and “Table” will be capitalized in all cases when preceding numerals -or figures.</p> - -<p>21. Capitalize the principal words in full titles of books, plays, and pictures, but -do not quote. Also short titles of books, when in the singular, as Brown’s Grammar, -Bancroft’s History, Webster’s Dictionary, etc. When referring to a subject in -a book, quote, but capitalize only the first word.</p> - -<p>22. Capitalize “Presidential,” “Congressional,” “Senatorial,” and “Territorial,” -referring to the President, Congress, Senate, and a Territory of the United States.</p> - -<p>23. Signature and address names will be set in caps and small caps, with title or -direction following in italics, in the same line if not over half the line is used for the -purpose; otherwise hanging two ems or more. Capitalize principal words in lines -connected with signatures and addresses. Make signatures and addresses compact, -using partially filled lines where the contiguous matter is open enough to give a -signature proper prominence. It is well to have a white line between text and -signature, but this is not imperative; general appearance must govern. Signatures -are placed at the right of the page, indented 1, 3, or 5 ems from the right, as -may be necessary; addresses are placed to the left, flush if at the top of a paper, -indented one em if at the bottom, italic lines following indented as much as necessary -to a good appearance. Do not use slugs to separate dash lines from signature or -address lines where the dash will bear off one or more blank lines if solid. The following -examples cover the most common forms:</p> - -<p class="noindent large">the Clerk of the House of Representatives on the 4th day of December, A. D. 1893.<br /> -▢▢▢Very respectfully,</p> - -<p class="large rt"><span class="smcap">James Kerr,</span>▢▢▢<br /> -<em>Clerk of the House of Representatives</em>.▢</p> - -<p class="noindent large">▢Hon. <span class="smcap">Charles F. Crisp</span>,<br /> -▢▢▢<em>Speaker of the House of Representatives</em>.</p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent large">▢▢▢I am, very respectfully, yours, etc.,</p> - -<p class="large right"><span class="smcap">John Randolph</span>,▢▢▢<br /> -<em>Assistant Clerk Court of Claims</em>.▢</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent large">disposed of, both as a record of the fact and as a limitation of the -authority conferred.<br /> -▢▢▢(Signed)</p> -<p class="large rt"><span class="smcap">John S. Henderson</span>,▢▢▢<br /> -<span class="smcap">Jno. A. Caldwell</span>,<br /> -<em>Committee on the part of the House of Representatives</em>.▢</p> -<p class="pad2 fs80">[Observe lead.]</p> -<p class="large rt"><span class="smcap">Wm. F. Vilas</span>,<br /> -<span class="smcap">James McMillan</span>,<br /> -<em>Committee on the part of the Senate</em>.▢</p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent fs90">bia, on account of the sewer debt of the District of Columbia to the United States.<br /> -▢▢▢Very respectfully,</p> -<p class="fs90 rt"><span class="smcap">A. C. Matthews</span>,▢▢▢<br /> -<span class="padr1"><em>Comptroller</em>.</span><br /> -<span class="padr3">By <span class="smcap">J. R. Garrison</span>,</span><br /> -<em>Deputy Comptroller</em>.▢</p> -<p class="noindent small">▢<span class="smcap">John Jay</span>, <em>Washington, D. C.</em></p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent fs90">report, which has been received, and is herewith transmitted with my concurrence.<br /> -▢▢▢Respectfully, yours,</p> -<p class="fs90 right"><span class="smcap">J. G. Carlisle</span>, <em>Secretary</em>.</p> -<p class="noindent fs90">▢Hon. <span class="smcap">George D. Wise,</span><br /> -▢▢▢<em>Chairman Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce,</em><br /> -<span class="pad16"><em>House of Representatives</em>.</span></p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent fs90">Brig. Gen. <span class="smcap">Thomas L. Casey</span>,<br /> -▢▢<em>Chief of Engineers, U. S. A., Washington, D. C.</em><br /> -▢<span class="smcap">Dear Sir:</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">*</span><span class="pad10pc">*</span><span class="pad10pc">*</span><span class="pad10pc">*</span><span class="pad10pc">*</span><span class="pad10pc">*</span><span class="pad10pc">*</span></p> -<p class="noindent fs90">of Maryland, this 28th day of May, A. D. 1885.<br /> -▢[<span class="fs70">SEAL.</span>]</p> -<p class="rt fs90"><span class="smcap">T. Watkins Ligon</span>.▢</p> -<p class="noindent fs90">▢By the governor:<br /> -▢▢▢<span class="smcap">Nathaniel Cox</span>, <em>Secretary of State</em>.</p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent fs90">the day and year first above written.</p> -<p class="fs90 right"><span class="smcap">J. M. Wilbur</span>.<span class="pad4">[<span class="fs70">SEAL.</span>]▢</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Bartlett, Robins & Co.</span>▢[<span class="fs70">SEAL.</span>]▢</p> -<p class="noindent fs90">▢In presence of—<br /> -▢▢▢<span class="smcap">A. T. Brown</span>.<br /> -<span class="pad3 smcap">A. B. W. Dew</span>.</p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent fs90">▢▢▢I am, General, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,</p> -<p class="fs90 right">C. G. <span class="smcap">Sawtelle</span>,▢▢▢<br /> -<em>Colonel and Chief Quartermaster Military Division of the Gulf</em>.▢</p> -<p class="noindent fs90">▢Maj. Gen. <span class="smcap">M. C. Meigs</span>,<br /> -▢▢▢<em>Quartermaster-General United States Army, Washington, D. C.</em></p> - -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="noindent large">▢▢▢I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,</p> -<p class="large right"><span class="smcap">S. P. Langley</span>, <em>Secretary</em>.▢</p> - -<p class="fs80"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—In cases like the two preceding observe use of lead between text line and signature.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p> - -<p>24. Titles preceding names will always be capitalized: Senior Warden Brown; -Grand Master Williamson; Master Workman Sovereign; Sergeant Murphy; Private -O’Donnell; Boatswain Given; Tinsmith Harris, etc.</p> - -<p>25. Lower-case participles derived from proper names, such as anglicized, frenchified, -romanized, gallicized; also adjective or qualifying nouns indirectly derived -from and compounded with proper names, as tropical, arctic, transatlantic, etc.</p> - -<p>26. Geographic zones or sections of the world, when used as proper nouns, take -the capital, as the Tropics, the Arctics, the Levant, the Orient. When used as -adjectives, use lower-case, as antarctic ice, tropical plants, oriental customs, levantine -silk, morocco or russia leather, china or wedgwood pottery. Such words as -india rubber, india ink, paris green, london purple, prussian blue, venetian red, -roman type, gothic letter (but Gothic architecture), that describe things and are -also used as nouns, do not take the capital, although they are, or are derived from, -proper names.</p> - -<p>27. Capitalize titles clearly intended as synonyms of proper names. Examples:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>You will go, Major, to New York.</p> -<p>I am anxious about our friend, the Captain.</p> -<p>Mr. Speaker, I rise to a point of order.</p> -<p>I am, General, your obedient servant.</p> -</div> - -<p>28. Titles not clearly used as synonyms, or when used in a general way, will not be -capitalized. Examples:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>He was taken before the judge.</p> -<p>The captain was breveted.</p> -</div> - -<p>29. Where the word “o’clock” occurs in phrases or headlines involving the use of -capitals, always set it “o’clock;” never use the form o’Clock, O’Clock, or O’clock.</p> - -<p>30. In caps-and-small-caps cross headings, or headings of any kind in which capitals -are used, capitalize principal words. [Copy preparers will take full responsibility -for uniformity in this matter and mark copy plainly.]</p> - -<p>31. In tables of contents which are set in small caps capitalize only the first word -and proper names.</p> - -<p>32. Capitalize the titles of standing and select committees of the Senate and House -of Representatives of the United States and the different forms of the same, both -singular and plural, as Committee on Ways and Means; Ways and Means Committees. -The following list gives the official nomenclature of Congressional committees, with -the proper capitalization:</p> - -<p class="pfs90 pg-brk">HOUSE.</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Committee on—</p> -<p><span class="pad2">Elections.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Ways and Means.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Appropriations.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Judiciary.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Banking and Currency.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Coinage, Weights, and Measures.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Interstate and Foreign Commerce.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Rivers and Harbors.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Merchant Marine and Fisheries.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Agriculture.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Foreign Affairs.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Military Affairs.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Naval Affairs.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Post-Office and Post-Roads.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Public Lands.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Indian Affairs.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Territories.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Railways and Canals.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Manufactures.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Mines and Mining.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Public Buildings and Grounds.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Pacific Railroads.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Education.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Labor.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Militia.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Patents.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Invalid Pensions.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Pensions.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Claims.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">War Claims.</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p><span class="pad2">Private Land Claims.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the District of Columbia.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Revision of the Laws.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Reform in the Civil Service.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Election of President and Vice-President and Representatives in Congress.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Alcoholic Liquor Traffic.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Irrigation of Arid Lands.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Immigration and Naturalization.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Ventilation and Acoustics.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the State Department.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the Treasury Department.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the War Department.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the Navy Department.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the Post-Office Department.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the Interior Department.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the Department of Justice.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Expenditures on Public Buildings.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Rules.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Accounts.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Mileage.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">the Library (also Joint Committee on).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Printing (also Joint Committee on).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Enrolled Bills (also Joint Committee on).</span></p> -<p>Joint Commission of Congress to Inquire into the Status of Laws Organizing the Executive Departments.</p> -<p>Joint Commission on Disposition of Useless Papers in Executive Departments.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs90 pg-brk">SENATE.</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Committee—</p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Agriculture and Forestry.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Appropriations.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on the Census.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Civil Service and Retrenchment.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Claims.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Coast Defenses.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Commerce.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on the District of Columbia.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Education and Labor.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Engrossed Bills.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Enrolled Bills.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Epidemic Diseases.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">to Examine the Several Branches of the Civil Service.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Finance.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Fisheries.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Foreign Relations.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Immigration.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Improvement of the Mississippi River and its Tributaries.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Indian Affairs.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Indian Depredations.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Interstate Commerce.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on the Judiciary.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on the Library.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Manufactures.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Military Affairs.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Mines and Mining.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Naval Affairs.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Organization, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive Departments.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Pacific Railroads.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Patents.</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p><span class="pad2">on Pensions.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Post-Offices and Post-Roads.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Printing.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Private Land Claims.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Privileges and Elections.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Public Buildings and Grounds.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Public Lands.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Railroads.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Relations with Canada.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on the Revision of the Laws of the United States.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Revolutionary Claims.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Rules.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Territories.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard.</span></p> -<p>Select Committee—</p> -<p><span class="pad2">to Investigate the Condition of the Potomac River Front of Washington.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">to Inquire into all Claims of Citizens of the United States against the Government of Nicaragua.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Woman Suffrage.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Transportation and Sale of Meat Products.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">to Establish the University of the United States.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on the Quadro-Centennial.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">to Investigate the Geological Survey.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on National Banks.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Forest Reservations.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Corporations in the District of Columbia.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">to Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">on Ford Theater Disaster.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>33. Capitalize “county,” “township,” and “ward” (singular form only), when -used with the proper name.</p> - -<p>34. Capitalize “river,” “bay,” “cape,” “harbor,” “mount,” “island,” etc. (singular -form only), when used with the proper name.</p> - -<p>35. Capitalize such words as “building,” “asylum,” “bridge,” “bank,” “school,” -“hospital,” etc. (singular form only), when used with the proper name.</p> - -<p>36. The following list will be found convenient as a guide to capitalization:</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Absentee Shawnees.</p> -<p>Act, Thurman, Tucker, etc.</p> -<p>Acting Secretary of the Senate.</p> -<p>Acting Secretary of State, etc.</p> -<p>Administration (National).</p> -<p>Admiral.</p> -<p>Admiralty (British).</p> -<p>Agency, Chippewa, etc.</p> -<p>Agricultural Report.</p> -<p>Albany Penitentiary.</p> -<p>Appendix IV.</p> -<p>Appendix A.</p> -<p>Appointment Office.</p> -<p>Aqueduct, Washington, etc.</p> -<p>Aqueduct Bridge.</p> -<p>Army Gun Factory.</p> -<p>Army:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">General of the</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Lieutenant-General of the</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Major-General Commanding the</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Adjutant-General (’s Office).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Inspector-General (’s Office).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Judge-Advocate-General.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Quartermaster-General (’s Office).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Commissary-General of Subsistence.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Surgeon-General (’s Office).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Paymaster-General (’s Office).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Chief of Engineers.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Chief Signal Officer.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Chief of Ordnance.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Regular Army.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Volunteer Army.</span></p> -<p>Army Medical Museum.</p> -<p>army officer, nurse, wagon, etc.</p> -<p>Architect of the Capitol.</p> -<p>Architect of the Treasury Department.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Armory (Springfield).</p> -<p>Arsenal, Rock Island, etc.</p> -<p>Articles of War.</p> -<p>article of war, sixty-second.</p> -<p>Artillery School (United States).</p> -<p>assembly, Pennsylvania</p> -<p>Assistant Attorney-General (United States).</p> -<p>Assistant Commissioner of the General Land Office.</p> -<p>Assistant Commissioner of Patents.</p> -<p>Assistant Postmaster-General, First, Second, etc.</p> -<p>Assistant Secretary of the Interior, etc.</p> -<p>Associated Press.</p> -<p>Atlantic Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country).</p> -<p>Attorney-General.</p> -<p>Auditor, First, Second, etc.</p> -<p>Auditor of Railroad Accounts.</p> -<p>Band, Eastern, etc., of Cherokees.</p> -<p>Bank, Central, etc.</p> -<p>Bay, Chesapeake, etc.</p> -<p>Bethlehem Iron Works.</p> -<p>Bible or Scriptures.</p> -<p>Black Friday.</p> -<p>Board (when definite).</p> -<p>Board of Engineers.</p> -<p>Board of General Appraisers.</p> -<p>Board of Ordnance and Fortification.</p> -<p>board of public works (District of Columbia).</p> -<p>Board of Underwriters (New York).</p> -<p>Board of Managers of the Soldiers’ Home.</p> -<p>Board of Trade of Philadelphia, etc.</p> -<p>Board on Geographic Names.</p> -<p>Book of Estimates.</p> -<p>Botanist, the (Agr. Dept.)</p> -<p>Botanic Garden.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Bowman Act.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p> -<p>Building, Winder, etc.</p> -<p>buildings, Winder and Logan</p> -<p>building, Treasury, etc.</p> -<p>Bureau (when definite).</p> -<p>Bureau of Accounts (and all other bureaus of the Navy Department).</p> -<p>Cabinet, the</p> -<p>Calendar, the</p> -<p>Calendar of Bills and Resolutions.</p> -<p>Calendar, Private.</p> -<p>Capitol Grounds.</p> -<p>Capitol, the</p> -<p>Capitol police.</p> -<p>Carnegie Steel Works.</p> -<p>Cavalry and Infantry School (United States).</p> -<p>Census Bulletin No. 420.</p> -<p>Census, Tenth, Eleventh, etc.</p> -<p>central Ohio.</p> -<p>Chairman (Committee of the Whole).</p> -<p>Chairman of the Light-House Board.</p> -<p>Chamber (of House or Senate).</p> -<p>Charles II of England.</p> -<p>Chemist, the (Agr. Dept.)</p> -<p>Cherokee Strip or Outlet.</p> -<p>Chief of the Bureau of, etc.</p> -<p>Chief Clerk, House or Senate.</p> -<p>Chief Intelligence Officer.</p> -<p>Chief of the Record and Pension Division.</p> -<p>Chief Justice (of United States Supreme Court).</p> -<p>Chief Magistrate.</p> -<p>Christian.</p> -<p>Christianity.</p> -<p>Christendom.</p> -<p>Christianize.</p> -<p>Church, the Methodist, etc. (denomination)</p> -<p>Church, St. Aloysius, etc. (congregation)</p> -<p>church, St. Paul’s (building)</p> -<p>Circle, Iowa, etc. (as a park)</p> -<p>cisatlantic, etc.</p> -<p>City of Mexico.</p> -<p>Civil Service Commission (ers).</p> -<p>Clerk of the House.</p> -<p>Coast and Geodetic Survey.</p> -<p>Code, the Mississippi</p> -<p>College, Columbia, etc.</p> -<p>Colonel Commandant (Marine Corps).</p> -<p>Commissioner of Patents, etc.</p> -<p>Commissioners of District of Columbia.</p> -<p>Comptroller, First, Second, etc.</p> -<p>Comptroller of the Currency.</p> -<p>Confederate States.</p> -<p>Consular Bureau.</p> -<p>Congressional.</p> -<p>Congressional Directory.</p> -<p>Congressional Library.</p> -<p>Constitution (United States).</p> -<p>Continent, the (Europe)</p> -<p>Contract Office.</p> -<p>Corps of Engineers.</p> -<p>Corps of Judge-Advocates.</p> -<p>Council, Choctaw.</p> -<p>County, Clarion, etc.</p> -<p>Court of Claims.</p> -<p>Court of Private Land Claims.</p> -<p>Court of St. James.</p> -<p>court of appeals.</p> -<p>Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims.</p> -<p>Crown (referring to Government).</p> -<p>Dalles, The</p> -<p>Dam No. 4.</p> -<p>Day, Thanksgiving, Independence, Memorial, etc.</p> -<p>Dead-Letter Office.</p> -<p>Delegate (in Congress).</p> -<p>Democrat.</p> -<p>Department of Justice.</p> -<p>Deputy Second Auditor, etc.</p> -<p>Diplomatic Bureau.</p> -<p>Director of the Geological Survey, etc.</p> -<p>district:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">First assembly</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Fifth Congressional</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Third light-house</span></p> -<p>District of Columbia Jail.</p> -<p>Dome (of Capitol).</p> -<p>Dominion of Canada.</p> -<p>Du Pont Powder Works.</p> -<p>Eastern States, the</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Eastern Continent.</p> -<p>Eastern Hemisphere.</p> -<p>eastern New York, etc.</p> -<p>Electoral Commission.</p> -<p>Engine No. 6.</p> -<p>Engineer in Chief.</p> -<p>Engineer Corps.</p> -<p>Engineer Department.</p> -<p>Entomologist, the (Agr. Dept.)</p> -<p>Evangelical Alliance.</p> -<p>Executive, the</p> -<p>Executive order.</p> -<p>Executive Departments.</p> -<p>executive department (one of the three coordinate departments of -the Government).</p> -<p>Executive Document No. 95.</p> -<p>Federal Government.</p> -<p>Fish Commission (er).</p> -<p>Forty-seventh Congress.</p> -<p>Fourth of July.</p> -<p>Freedman’s Savings Bank.</p> -<p>General Government.</p> -<p>Gentile.</p> -<p>General Assembly (Presbyterian Church).</p> -<p>General Superintendent of Life-Saving Service.</p> -<p>Geological Survey.</p> -<p>gospel.</p> -<p>governor.</p> -<p>Government:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">Imperial</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Royal</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Federal</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">General</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">National</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">British, etc.</span></p> -<p>Government of Great Britain.</p> -<p>Government Hospital for the Insane.</p> -<p>Governor-General (of Canada).</p> -<p>Grand Army post. (But Post No. 63, etc.)</p> -<p>Great Lakes.</p> -<p>Gulf Coast (section of country).</p> -<p>Gulf, the (Gulf of Mexico)</p> -<p>Hague, The</p> -<p>Hall (of the House).</p> -<p>Hall, Statuary (of Capitol)</p> -<p>Harbor, Boston, etc.</p> -<p>Headquarters of the Army.</p> -<p>Health Bureau.</p> -<p>Her Majesty the Queen.</p> -<p>His Excellency the President.</p> -<p>His Excellency Li Hung Chang.</p> -<p>his excellency the governor.</p> -<p>His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.</p> -<p>Home and Branch (singular or plural, referring to Soldiers’ Home).</p> -<p>Hospital, Providence, etc.</p> -<p>Hotel, Metropolitan, etc.</p> -<p>House Calendar.</p> -<p>House Executive Document No. 12.</p> -<p>House, Ebbitt, etc.</p> -<p>Howard University.</p> -<p>Hydrographic Office.</p> -<p>imperial edict.</p> -<p>india rubber.</p> -<p>Isthmus, the (of Panama)</p> -<p>Journal Clerk.</p> -<p>Journal of the House (or Senate).</p> -<p>Lafayette, General</p> -<p>la Fayette, Marquis de</p> -<p>Lafayette County.</p> -<p>Lakes Erie and Huron.</p> -<p>legislature, Connecticut, etc.</p> -<p>Lake Michigan.</p> -<p>Librarian of Congress.</p> -<p>Library of Congress.</p> -<p>Life-Saving Service.</p> -<p>Light-House Board.</p> -<p>light-house district, Fourth, etc.</p> -<p>Line, Cunard, etc.</p> -<p>london purple.</p> -<p>Long Bridge.</p> -<p>lower House of Congress.</p> -<p>Lower Mississippi.</p> -<p>Mall, the</p> -<p>Marine Corps.</p> -<p>Marine-Hospital Service.</p> -<p>Medical Corps.</p> -<p>Medical Department (Army or Navy).</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Members and Delegates.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p> -<p>Merino (sheep).</p> -<p>merino (goods, wool, etc.).</p> -<p>Metropolitan police.</p> -<p>Microscopist, the (Agr. Dept.)</p> -<p>middle Tennessee.</p> -<p>Military Academy (United States).</p> -<p>Mikado.</p> -<p>Miscellaneous Document No. 2.</p> -<p>Mississippi Delta.</p> -<p>Mississippi River:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">Pass</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Passes</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Head of Passes</span></p> -<p>Money-Order Office (of P. O. Dept.).</p> -<p>Monument Lot.</p> -<p>Mormon.</p> -<p>Nation, Choctaw, etc.</p> -<p>National Board of Health.</p> -<p>National Cemetery, Arlington, etc.</p> -<p>national cemetery at Arlington.</p> -<p>National Guard.</p> -<p>National Legislature.</p> -<p>National Government.</p> -<p>National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers.</p> -<p>National Medical Museum.</p> -<p>National Park, Yellowstone, etc.</p> -<p>national park in California.</p> -<p>Naval Academy.</p> -<p>Naval Asylum.</p> -<p>Naval Militia (the entire body).</p> -<p>Naval Observatory.</p> -<p>Naval Reserves.</p> -<p>Navy, the</p> -<p>Navy-Yard, New York, etc.</p> -<p>Netherlands, the</p> -<p>New World.</p> -<p>New York City.</p> -<p>North, the</p> -<p>North Pole.</p> -<p>northern Illinois.</p> -<p>Northwest, the</p> -<p>Office of Experiment Stations.</p> -<p>Office of Steamboat Inspection.</p> -<p>Old World.</p> -<p>One hundred and twenty-fifth street.</p> -<p>Order of Business No. 56.</p> -<p>Ordnance Department.</p> -<p>Pacific coast (the sea line).</p> -<p>Pacific Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country).</p> -<p>paris green.</p> -<p>Parish, Caddo</p> -<p>Park, Jackson, etc.</p> -<p>Pay Corps.</p> -<p>Pay Department.</p> -<p>Penitentiary, Albany, etc.</p> -<p>Pension Bureau.</p> -<p>Pension Office.</p> -<p>People’s Party.</p> -<p>plaster of paris.</p> -<p>Populist.</p> -<p>Postal Union.</p> -<p>Postmaster-General.</p> -<p>Post-Office appropriation bill.</p> -<p>Presidential.</p> -<p>Prince of Monaco.</p> -<p>prussian blue.</p> -<p>Public Land Strip.</p> -<p>Public Printer.</p> -<p>Quartermaster’s Department.</p> -<p>Railway Mail Service.</p> -<p>Record and Pension Office (or Division).</p> -<p>Reform School of District of Columbia.</p> -<p>Reform School, Girls’</p> -<p>Reformatory, Elmira, etc.</p> -<p>Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.</p> -<p>Register of the Treasury.</p> -<p>Regular Army.</p> -<p>Regular Navy.</p> -<p>Reporter of the Senate.</p> -<p>Republican.</p> -<p>Reservation, Sioux, etc.</p> -<p>Revenue-Cutter Service.</p> -<p>Revenue-Marine Service.</p> -<p>Revolutionary war.</p> -<p>Revised Statutes.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>River, Ohio, etc.</p> -<p>Rotunda (of Capitol).</p> -<p>royal command.</p> -<p>Rule XXI.</p> -<p>Rules and Articles of War.</p> -<p>Schedule B.</p> -<p>schedule 6.</p> -<p>School, Peabody, etc.</p> -<p>schools, Peabody and Brent</p> -<p>Scriptures (the Bible).</p> -<p>Secretary of State, etc. (United States).</p> -<p>Senate Chamber.</p> -<p>Sergeant-at-Arms.</p> -<p>Signal Corps.</p> -<p>Signal Office.</p> -<p>Signal Service.</p> -<p>Six Companies (Chinese).</p> -<p>Smithsonian Institution.</p> -<p>Solicitor-General.</p> -<p>Solicitor of Internal Revenue.</p> -<p>Solicitor of the Treasury.</p> -<p>Solicitor for the Department of State.</p> -<p>Sound, the (referring to Long Island or Puget Sound)</p> -<p>South, the</p> -<p>Southern States, the</p> -<p>southern Illinois.</p> -<p>Southwest, the</p> -<p>Square, Madison, etc. (as a park)</p> -<p>square, Lafayette, etc. (as a street)</p> -<p>star route.</p> -<p>Stars and Stripes.</p> -<p>Statistician, the (Agr. Dept.)</p> -<p>Statistical Abstract.</p> -<p>Statutes at Large.</p> -<p>Straits of Magellan, etc.</p> -<p>Streets, etc.:</p> -<p><span class="pad2">New York avenue.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">First street (northeast, etc.).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Jackson alley.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Phillips court.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Mount Vernon place (as a street).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Iowa circle (as a street).</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Pudding lane.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Bennings road.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2">Lafayette square (as a street).</span></p> -<p>Subsistence Department.</p> -<p>Superintendent of the Census.</p> -<p>Superintendent of Coast and Geodetic Survey.</p> -<p>Superintendent of Foreign Mails.</p> -<p>Superintendent of Immigration.</p> -<p>Superintendent of the Money-Order System.</p> -<p>Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac.</p> -<p>Superintendent of the Naval Observatory.</p> -<p>Supervising Architect’s Office.</p> -<p>Supervising Architect of the Treasury.</p> -<p>Supervising Inspector-General of Steam Vessels.</p> -<p>Supervising Surgeon-General United States Marine-Hospital Service.</p> -<p>Supplement to Revised Statutes.</p> -<p>Supreme Bench.</p> -<p>Supreme Court (United States).</p> -<p>supreme court (District of Columbia or of a State).</p> -<p>surveyor-general.</p> -<p>Survey, Geological, etc.</p> -<p>Territorial assembly.</p> -<p>Territorial legislature.</p> -<p>transmississippi.</p> -<p>transatlantic.</p> -<p>Treasurer of the United States.</p> -<p>Treasury building.</p> -<p>Treasury Cattle Commission.</p> -<p>Treasury (National).</p> -<p>United Press.</p> -<p>Upper Mississippi.</p> -<p>Valley, Mississippi, etc.</p> -<p>Vice-President (of United States).</p> -<p>Vice-Admiral.</p> -<p>war, Mexican</p> -<p>war of the rebellion.</p> -<p>Washington Aqueduct.</p> -<p>Washington’s Headquarters.</p> -<p>Western Continent.</p> -<p>Western Hemisphere.</p> -<p>White Lot.</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="COMPOUNDING" id="COMPOUNDING"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">COMPOUNDING.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. In compounding words the International Dictionary will be followed, with but -few exceptions.</p> - -<p>2. The following words are so common in the work of this office that the usage of -many years will be continued:</p> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>post-office</p> -<p>court-house</p> -<p>custom-house</p> -<p>light-house</p> -<p>navy-yard</p> -<p>attorney-general, etc.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>consul-general</p> -<p>vice-consul</p> -<p>lieutenant-general, etc.</p> -<p>sergeant-major</p> -<p>quartermaster-sergeant, etc.</p> -<p>color-corporal</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>lieutenant-commander</p> -<p>rear-admiral</p> -<p>flag-officer</p> -<p>judge-advocate-general</p> -<p>provost-marshal</p> -<p>provost-marshal-general</p> -</div> - -<p>3. Make one word of horsepower, candlepower, and hundredweight, and use adjectively -as laid down in the succeeding paragraph.</p> - -<p>4. Compound adjectives take the hyphen: A 2-foot rule, 10-horsepower engine, -16-candlepower light, 6-hundredweight load, many-colored coat, light-armed soldier, -asked-for opinion, fine-grained wood, light-green color, etc.</p> - -<p>5. Compound the following:</p> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>mid-channel</p> -<p>double-loader</p> -<p>single-loader</p> -<p>pleuro-pneumonia</p> -<p>national-bank notes</p> -<p>re-treat (to treat again)</p> -<p>ante-mortem</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>micro-organism</p> -<p>micro-millimeter</p> -<p>micro-photograph</p> -<p>acre-foot (plural acre-feet)</p> -<p>foot-acre (plural foot-acres)</p> -<p>pound-foot (plural pound-feet)</p> -<p>post-mortem</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>foot-pound (plural foot-pounds)</p> -<p>foot-poundal (plural foot-poundals)</p> -<p>foot-second (plural foot-seconds)</p> -<p>second-foot (plural second-feet)</p> -<p>foot-ton (plural foot-tons)</p> -<p>pound-degree (plural pound-degrees)</p> -</div> - -<p>6. Follow compounding, etc., in the appended list of fishes and fishery appliances:</p> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>alewife</p> -<p>amber-fish</p> -<p>angel-fish</p> -<p>bag seine</p> -<p>bass net</p> -<p>bellows-fish</p> -<p>black bass</p> -<p>black-cod</p> -<p>blackfish</p> -<p>black perch</p> -<p>blue crab</p> -<p>bluefish</p> -<p>boat fishermen</p> -<p>boat-steerer</p> -<p>bomb-gun</p> -<p>bottom-feeding fish</p> -<p>bowhead whale</p> -<p>boxfish</p> -<p>brook trout</p> -<p>buffalo-fish</p> -<p>bullhead</p> -<p>bull’s-eye mackerel</p> -<p>buoy line</p> -<p>butter-fish</p> -<p>candle-fish</p> -<p>catboat</p> -<p>catfish</p> -<p>cigar-fish</p> -<p>coast line</p> -<p>codfish</p> -<p>codfish fishery</p> -<p>cod fishery</p> -<p>cod fishing</p> -<p>cod line</p> -<p>crampfish</p> -<p>crawfish</p> -<p>crayfish</p> -<p>crayfish pot</p> -<p>cultus-cod</p> -<p>cutting-in (of a whale)</p> -<p>datefish</p> -<p>dealfish</p> -<p>devil-fish</p> -<p>dingey</p> -<p>doctor-fish</p> -<p>dogfish</p> -<p>dollar-fish</p> -<p>drag net</p> -<p>drag seine</p> -<p>drift net</p> -<p>drumfish</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>fat-head</p> -<p>fiddler-crab</p> -<p>finback whale</p> -<p>fish-culture</p> -<p>fish eggs</p> -<p>fishing-camp</p> -<p>fishing-ground</p> -<p>fishing-place</p> -<p>fish roe</p> -<p>fish-wheel</p> -<p>flake-yard</p> -<p>flatfish</p> -<p>flying-fish</p> -<p>food-fish</p> -<p>frostfish</p> -<p>garfish</p> -<p>gill net</p> -<p>gill-net fishing</p> -<p>goldfish</p> -<p>goosefish</p> -<p>green crab</p> -<p>greenfish</p> -<p>ground line</p> -<p>hagfish</p> -<p>hair seal</p> -<p>hand lance</p> -<p>harbor porpoise</p> -<p>harpoon gun</p> -<p>hermit-crab</p> -<p>hickory-jack</p> -<p>hogfish</p> -<p>hoop net</p> -<p>horsefish</p> -<p>horse-mackerel</p> -<p>horseshoe-crab</p> -<p>houndfish</p> -<p>humpback whale</p> -<p>jackfish</p> -<p>jelly-fish</p> -<p>jewfish</p> -<p>jonah-crab</p> -<p>kelp-crab</p> -<p>kelpfish</p> -<p>kingfish</p> -<p>lady-crab</p> -<p>lady-fish</p> -<p>land-crab</p> -<p>landlocked salmon</p> -<p>live-car</p> -<p>lobster pot</p> -<p>lumpfish</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>mollusk</p> -<p>monkfish</p> -<p>moonfish</p> -<p>mossbunker</p> -<p>mud-crab</p> -<p>mudfish</p> -<p>muskellunge</p> -<p>mussel-crab</p> -<p>mutton-fish</p> -<p>nigger-fish</p> -<p>nursefish</p> -<p>oyster bed</p> -<p>oyster-crab</p> -<p>paddle-fish</p> -<p>pan-fish</p> -<p>parrot-fish</p> -<p>peacock-fish</p> -<p>pigfish</p> -<p>pilot-fish</p> -<p>pipefish</p> -<p>purse seine</p> -<p>ratfish</p> -<p>red crab</p> -<p>red-eye</p> -<p>redfish</p> -<p>red grouper</p> -<p>red-horse</p> -<p>red perch</p> -<p>red snapper</p> -<p>rock-bass</p> -<p>rock-cod</p> -<p>rock-crab</p> -<p>rockfish</p> -<p>rock lobster</p> -<p>rose-fish</p> -<p>round-fish</p> -<p>rowboat</p> -<p>rudder-fish</p> -<p>salmon canning</p> -<p>salmon-canning industry</p> -<p>salmon trout</p> -<p>sand-crab</p> -<p>sawfish</p> -<p>scallop</p> -<p>sea bass</p> -<p>sea-cucumber</p> -<p>sea-horse</p> -<p>seal oil</p> -<p>seal skin</p> -<p>sea moss</p> -<p>sea mullet</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol4"> -<p>sea-urchin</p> -<p>seaweed</p> -<p>seine-haul</p> -<p>seine-reach</p> -<p>set net</p> -<p>sheat-fish</p> -<p>sheepshead</p> -<p>shellfish</p> -<p>shore-crab</p> -<p>skipjack</p> -<p>smelt net</p> -<p>snake-fish</p> -<p>snapping mackerel</p> -<p>soft crab</p> -<p>Spanish mackerel</p> -<p>spearfish</p> -<p>spider-crab</p> -<p>squeteague</p> -<p>squirrel-fish</p> -<p>starfish</p> -<p>steelhead</p> -<p>stingray</p> -<p>stone-crab</p> -<p>striped bass</p> -<p>sulphur-bottom whale</p> -<p>sunfish</p> -<p>swordfish</p> -<p>tautog</p> -<p>threadfish</p> -<p>tilefish</p> -<p>toadfish</p> -<p>tomcod</p> -<p>trammel net</p> -<p>trawl basket</p> -<p>trawling-ground</p> -<p>treefish</p> -<p>trigger-fish</p> -<p>trumpet-fish</p> -<p>trying-out (of a whale)</p> -<p>try-works</p> -<p>tubfish</p> -<p>weakfish</p> -<p>whaleboat</p> -<p>whalebone</p> -<p>whale line</p> -<p>whistling buoy</p> -<p>whitefish</p> -<p>wolf-fish</p> -<p>yellow-tail</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p> - -<p>7. Fractions, when spelled, will be compounded: One twenty-first, one-fifth, -eighty-one one-hundredths, one one-hundredth, the one-hundredth part.</p> - -<p>8. The words “well,” “so,” and “ill” will be used as follows: He is an ill-tempered -man; he is very ill tempered. Well-meant intentions; his intentions are well -meant. His so-called poem; his poem (so called) is, etc. But generally adverbs are -not compounded with adjectives which they qualify: A divinely inspired book; a -finely modeled statue; a nicely kept lawn.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2><a name="USE_OF_FIGURES" id="USE_OF_FIGURES"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">USE OF FIGURES.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Where figures are used to express the time of day, use the period to separate -the hours and minutes: It was 5.30 p. m.; 10.02 a. m.</p> - -<p>2. Use degree and minute marks after figures in all cases referring to degrees and -minutes, and where whole numbers and decimals are used place the marks after the -decimals, as 14.25°; 13.5′; 24.36″.</p> - -<p>3. In straight matter and reading columns of tables, where decimal fractions occur -without a unit, put a cipher in the unit’s place: 0.38; but a .38-caliber revolver.</p> - -<p>4. Omit the comma in serial numbers: No. 165473; section 2436.</p> - -<p>5. Use inferior figures in all chemical symbols, and omit spaces between the letters -and signs.</p> - -<p>6. Use superior figures in connection with reference letters, as A<sup>1</sup>, A<sup>2</sup>, <em>a</em><sup>1</sup>, <em>a</em><sup>2</sup>.</p> - -<p>7. It is impossible to give definite rules that will govern in all cases as to what -should go in figures and what should be spelled out. It is a question which must -be left to the judgment of the workman. General rules which will serve as a guide -to the tendency of the style follow:</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Put in figures</span>—</p> - -<div class="blockquotx"> - -<p><b>Distances</b>: 50 miles; 17 yards; 8 leagues.</p> - -<p><b>Clock time</b>: 10.25 p. m.; 12 o’clock and 30 minutes; half past 9.</p> - -<p><b>Weights</b>: 12 pounds of beef; 4 hundredweight of stone; 8 centals of wheat; 2 grams of powder.</p> - -<p><b>Measures</b>: 40 bushels of wheat; 1 gallon of wine; 15 knots; 6 acres; 9 hectares.</p> - -<p><b>Degrees, etc.</b>: 17° 24′ 17″; 10° below zero; in longitude 46° west (but tenth meridian of longitude, -sixth degree of latitude, etc.).</p> - -<p><b>Dimensions</b>: 16 feet square; 24 by (not x) 12 feet; 2 by 6 inch plank; 4 kilometers square.</p> - -<p><b>Percentage</b>: 15 per cent; 27.4 per cent; but one-half of 1 per cent, etc.</p> - -<p><b>Money</b>: $2 per 100 pounds; $1.37½ per bale; 35 cents apiece; a 25-cent piece; 20 francs.</p> - -<p><b>Age</b>: My age is 52 years and 6 months; a boy 6 years old; 3-year-old colt; 3-months-old child; wine -8 years old (but a boy about six years old; wine four or five years old—where indefinite and -isolated, spell out).</p> - -<p><b>Population</b>: The population of Chicago is 1,000,000, of whom 150,000 are voters; a hamlet of 18 persons. -(But see <a href="#SPELL_OUT_9">paragraphs 9 and 10 under “Spell out.”</a>)</p> - -<p><b>Bonds or stocks</b>: Gold is 109; Metropolitan Railroad, 109; 5-20 bonds; 10-40 bonds; 7.30 bonds; 3.65 -bonds; 4½ per cent bonds; 3 per cent bonds; 3½ percents; 4 percents. Where the word “bonds” -does not follow the designating expression, spell out, as five-twenties, ten-forties, three-sixty-fives, -four-and-a-halfs, threes, etc.</p> - -<p><b>Votes, ballots, etc.</b>: 75 votes; 50 ballots; 300 voters; 167 Democrats; 14 majority.</p> - -<p><b>Definite enumerations</b> (when of a statistical character): 275 persons, 6 sleek horses, 20 head of sheep, -9 dusty travelers; 43 reports, covering 109 pages. (But see <a href="#SPELL_OUT_9">paragraph 9 under “Spell out.”</a>)</p> - -<p><b>Dates</b>: June 29, A. D. 1882; December 6, 1846; the 1st of January, 1883; June 12; the 5th instant; the -20th day of March; the 1st (day) of the month. July 4, 1776, was the great day which gave to the -world the celebrated Declaration of Independence, and now our Fourth of July is something to be -remembered by all patriotic Americans; 4th of July claims.</p> - -<p><b>Serial numbers</b>: Section 3; No. 1728; paragraph 247; page 125; volume 6 (or Volume VI, as written); -1536 Ninth street; Route No. 17342; clerk of class 3.</p></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Spell out</span>—</p> - -<p>1. Length of time: It lasted fifteen years; we were three days on the way; four -hours and ten minutes.</p> - -<p>2. Amounts or numbers larger than 1,000, if spelled, are expressed thus: One -thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars; A. D. eighteen hundred and fifty; number<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> -seventeen hundred and twenty-two. But in serial numbers, where even multiples -of one thousand occur, use the word “thousand,” as section two thousand and four -(not twenty hundred and four); paragraph seven thousand and sixty-nine.</p> - -<p>3. When beginning a sentence: Five million dollars’ worth; in other cases, -$5,000,000 worth.</p> - -<p>4. All amounts beginning sentences or paragraphs, except when, in testimony, an -answer begins with a serial or complex number, in which case use figures. Examples:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>Q. In what year was that?—A. 1876.</p> -<p>Q. What was the amount involved?—A. $101.50.</p> -<p>Q. How much was the sum?—A. Five (or fifteen, or sixty-seven) dollars.</p> -</div> - -<p>5. Numbered streets of all cities, except in tabular matter.</p> - -<p>6. Regimental numbers of United States Regular or Volunteer Army, as Eighth -Infantry, One hundred and ninth Ohio Regiment, Third Massachusetts Cavalry.</p> - -<p>7. Sums of money, when they are referred to in a general way, as “four or five -millions,” or “I would not contribute one dollar to such a purpose.” [This is not -to be construed as meaning round numbers, but simply a general or indefinite statement.]</p> - -<p>8. Isolated fractions not connected with whole numbers, as one-fourth, three-tenths.</p> - -<div><a name="SPELL_OUT_9" id="SPELL_OUT_9"></a></div> -<p>9. Isolated enumerations less than 10: “I saw three men at work.” “There were -four horses in the field.”</p> - -<p>10. Number of persons, when not in statistical matter or when general or indefinite: -“There were thirty or forty persons in the town.”</p> - -<p>11. When numbers are mentioned casually, or by way of illustration, or in connection -with serious and dignified subjects, they should be spelled out:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>In nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of every thousand.</p> -<p>It is now five years since I first took my stand in opposition to this measure, and if my stay among -you should be extended to twenty years instead of five, I shall still be found opposing it with the same -earnestness as at first.</p> -<p>Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.</p> -<p>The twelve Apostles.</p> -<p>The three Graces.</p> -<p>The nine Muses.</p> -<p>The seven wise men of Greece.</p> -<p>For twelve years he struggled manfully and the thirteenth year crowned his efforts with success.</p> -<p>Congress has now been in session two months and three weeks, lacking two days.</p> -<p>It is twenty-four years since the rebellion turned the two sections of our country into two armed -bodies composed of two or three million men.</p> -<p>It is the twelfth hour which is dreaded most at night by superstitions mortals.</p> -<p>At eleven and a half o’clock.</p> -<p>In the thirtieth degree of latitude the thermometer reached the fifth degree above zero.</p> -</div> - -<p>12. When a paper is divided into clauses numbered “1, 2, 3,” etc., in the copy, put -in figures; but if written “1st, 2d, 3d,” etc., spell out.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<h2><a name="TABULAR_WORK" id="TABULAR_WORK"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">TABULAR WORK.</a></h2> - - -<p><b><em>Box heads</em></b>.—Box heads should be run across whenever practicable; if it is necessary -to run them up, reduce to the minimum depth.</p> - -<p>In boxes of two or more lines which run across, or where two or more boxes occur -in the same head, use en quads above and below the greater number of lines.</p> - -<p>In boxes of three lines or more in depth and 10 ems or more in width over reading -columns or over several figure columns, and in all run-up heads of three lines or -more, make hanging indention; otherwise center each line.</p> - -<p>In boxes containing two lines the first line must be the longer when possible.</p> - -<p><b><em>Contractions</em></b>.—In columns of names of persons, follow copy in the use of contractions -of given names; but to avoid overruns always contract such names as William -and Charles. Use “Co.” for “Company” where the name of the company is given;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -use “R. R.” for railroad and “Rwy.” for railway where the name of the railroad or -railway is given, and use Bro. and Bros. in firm names. Contract names of months -whenever the day of the month is given, excepting in first columns consisting of -dates only, which may, however, be contracted to save overruns. All other well-known -contractions can be used, by direction of copy preparer, to save overruns. -The following contractions for months of the year will be used:</p> - -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">January</td><td class="tdl">Jan.</td><td class="tdlx">May</td><td class="tdl">May</td><td class="tdlx">September</td><td class="tdl">Sept.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">February</td><td class="tdl">Feb.</td><td class="tdlx">June</td><td class="tdl">June</td><td class="tdlx">October</td><td class="tdl">Oct.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">March</td><td class="tdl">Mar.</td><td class="tdlx">July</td><td class="tdl">July</td><td class="tdlx">November</td><td class="tdl">Nov.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">April</td><td class="tdl">Apr.</td><td class="tdlx">August</td><td class="tdl">Aug.</td><td class="tdlx">December</td><td class="tdl">Dec.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p><b><em>Use of “dittoes.”</em></b>—Ditto whenever it can properly be done, and ditto under blank -spaces in all cases excepting center heads, but never ditto under leaders.</p> - -<p>In columns less than 6 ems in width use 1½ ems of quads (in addition to en quad -used for bearing off) or 2 ems of leaders, as may be required, before the “do.”; in -columns of 6 ems and over, use 2 ems of quads (in addition to en quad used for bearing -off) or 2½ ems of leaders.</p> - -<p>In first columns, where flush headings are used with indentions under them, proportionate -allowance must be made for those indentions, and it will generally be -indicated by the copy preparer.</p> - -<p><b><em>Date columns.</em></b>—In 7-em date columns, bear off 3-em space from rules, use only en -commas after day of month, and put the remaining space between month and day. -Observe same style in 5-em date columns, with the exception of using en quads -instead of 3-em spaces in bearing off from rules.</p> - -<p>Ditto in both 5 and 7 em columns.</p> - -<p><b><em>Leading from top or bottom lines</em></b>.—Where there is only one reading column, lead -from the bottom; if more than one, from the top.</p> - -<p>Date columns are not classified as reading columns in connection with leading from -top line.</p> - -<p>In parallel tables, where the lines are numbered on the outside of each page, lead -from the top.</p> - -<p>Where the last word in a leader line runs close to the rule, use en leader if space -permits; if not, use a thin space, but never use a full point, excepting where a reference -mark follows an abbreviation.</p> - -<p>Unless specially directed otherwise, continue leaders across entire width of tables -when the right-hand columns are of figures; when the last column is a reading -column, omit the leaders from that column only.</p> - -<p><b><em>Figures in reading columns</em></b>.—Numerical expressions in reading columns will be -expressed in figures, even at the beginning of the sentence: 155 days from Dec. 1; -trains 3 times a day.</p> - -<p><b><em>Figures from or against rules.</em></b>—In figure columns bear off an en quad from rules on -right of figures; and so make the cast as to bear off the longest line of figures an en -quad from the rule on the left where possible. If crowded, and but few figures will -touch, close up on the left; if still more crowded, close up on the right. If found -necessary to set the figures in one column against the rule on the right (which, by -the way, must always be done before closing up on the left when the mass of figures is -of nearly even width), do the same with the remaining columns of the table. Exceptions -will be marked by copy preparer.</p> - -<p>Common fractions to be set against rules unless otherwise indicated.</p> - -<p><b><em>Decimals.</em></b>—In columns of figures containing decimals omit the point and ciphers -where no decimal occurs. This rule does not apply to money columns consisting of -both dollars and cents, where the points and ciphers will be used. Always align -the decimal points.</p> - -<p><b><em>Dollar mark.</em></b>—Repeat dollar mark under rules in continuous tables; also in leader -work where center heads occur indicating a separate or independent statement. But -in statements where amounts are added to make a general aggregate do not repeat -the dollar mark, even where center heads occur.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p> - -<p><b><em>Parallel dashes.</em></b>—Use parallel dashes in figure columns in all cases where necessary -to cut off from figures following. This rule will apply also to leader work.</p> - -<p><b><em>Tables in rules.</em></b>—In tables inclosed in rules, where the first column consists of figures, -do not use leaders. [This rule will not apply to date columns or to reading -columns clearly requiring leaders.] Bear off matter one em from side rules.</p> - -<p><b><em>Full point in leader lines.</em></b>—Use full point between abbreviation and reference mark -in leader lines, as Boston, Mass.† ...</p> - -<p><b><em>Blanks for center heads.</em></b>—Use full blank line above and below all center heads in -stubs or reading columns, excepting where leaders run back far enough to clear the -head, in which case use only a line of en quads below.</p> - -<p><b><em>Plus and minus marks.</em></b>—Plus and minus marks in figure columns must be aligned -when occurring at left of figures.</p> - -<p><b><em>Dates and figures in reading columns.</em></b>—Do not range dates or figures in first or reading -columns unless figures are added up to make a total. This rule will apply also -to leader work.</p> - -<p><b><em>En-quadded tables.</em></b>—Use en quads in runovers [copy preparers will give instructions -when change is desired]; scabbard will not be allowed; all box heads solid.</p> - -<p><b><em>Reference marks.</em></b>—Set off all reference marks a 5-em space when preceding words -or figures. Use superior figures (<sup>1</sup>, <sup>2</sup>, <sup>3</sup>, etc.) for reference marks and footnotes in all -cases, unless otherwise instructed. In a series of short footnotes range the reference -marks, and also the first letter of the note.</p> - -<p><b><em>Words in figure columns.</em></b>—Range all words occurring in figure columns one en from -rule on right; also capitalize and use full point.</p> - -<p><b><em>Indention from rules.</em></b>—An indention from a rule means so many ems in addition to -the en quad used for bearing off.</p> - -<p><b><em>Word “number.”</em></b>—Spell the word “number,” referring to quantity or things, in box -heads where possible. Where necessary to abbreviate or where used in connection -with serial figures, use “No.”</p> - -<p><b><em>Flush and sub heads.</em></b>—Use colons after flush heads and em dashes after heads subordinate -thereto.</p> - -<p><b><em>Units of quantity.</em></b>—Units of quantity to the right of reading columns and over figure -columns will be spelled where possible. Where the space available demands a contraction, -use the following forms: Dolls., galls., lbs., oz., bbls., cwt., yds., ft., in. -(inches), doz., bush., M, sq. feet, M feet, cub. feet, kilo., kilos. Observe style of the -following table:</p> - -<p class="p1" /> -<div class="center fs70"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="99%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="bt" colspan="7"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2">Between Chicago,<br />Ill., and—</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="3">Between St. Louis,<br />Mo., and—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bb" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Articles.<br /><br /><br /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdcx bt bb">Jackson­ville, Fla.</td><td class="tdcx bt bb">Athens, and Macon, Ga.</td><td class="tdcx bt bb">Jackson­ville, Fla.</td><td class="tdcx bt bb">Athens, Ga.</td><td class="tdcx bt bb">Atlanta, Ga.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Agricultural implements:</td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds)</td><td class="tdr wd15">per 100 lbs</td><td class="tdrx wd7">$0.87</td><td class="tdrx wd7">$0.85</td><td class="tdrx wd7">$0.84</td><td class="tdrx wd7">$0.82</td><td class="tdrx wd7">$0.82</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds), released,</td><td class="tdr">per 100 pounds</td><td class="tdrx">.58</td><td class="tdrx">.58</td><td class="tdrx">.56</td><td class="tdrx">.56</td><td class="tdrx">.56</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Apples, onions, potatoes, cabbage, beets, and turnips, straight and mixed, C. L.</td><td class="tdr">per 100 lbs</td><td class="tdrx">.43</td><td class="tdrx">.43</td><td class="tdrx">.41</td><td class="tdrx">.41</td><td class="tdrx">.41</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Beans and pease, in barrels or sacks</td><td class="tdc">do</td><td class="tdrx">.73</td><td class="tdrx">.71</td><td class="tdrx">.70</td><td class="tdrx">.68</td><td class="tdrx">.68</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Butter:</td><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">Dairy—</td><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">In wood</td><td class="tdc">do</td><td class="tdrx">1.35</td><td class="tdrx">1.47</td><td class="tdrx">1.23</td><td class="tdrx">1.25</td><td class="tdrx">1.35</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">In wood, released</td><td class="tdc">do</td><td class="tdrx">1.00</td><td class="tdrx">1.06</td><td class="tdrx">.95</td><td class="tdrx">1.01</td><td class="tdrx">1.01</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Flour:</td><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">In barrels</td><td class="tdr">per barrel</td><td class="tdrx">.44</td><td class="tdrx">.74</td><td class="tdrx">.48</td><td class="tdrx">.68</td><td class="tdrx">.62</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">In sacks</td><td class="tdr">per 100 pounds</td><td class="tdrx">.28</td><td class="tdrx">.41</td><td class="tdrx">.23</td><td class="tdrx">.38</td><td class="tdrx">.35</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Grain, in bulk, C. L.</td><td class="tdc">do</td><td class="tdrx">.27</td><td class="tdrx">.37</td><td class="tdrx">.22</td><td class="tdrx">.32</td><td class="tdrx">.29</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Hominy and grits</td><td class="tdr">per barrel</td><td class="tdrx">.54</td><td class="tdrx">.73</td><td class="tdrx">.56</td><td class="tdrx">.64</td><td class="tdrx">.58</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="bb" colspan="7"></td></tr> -</table></div> -<p class="p1" /> - -<p><b><em>Leader work.</em></b>—Leader work is not classified as tabular work.</p> - -<p><b><em>Continued heads.</em></b>—Continued heads over tables must be condensed into one line -where possible.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="FOLLOW_FOL_LIT" id="FOLLOW_FOL_LIT"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">FOLLOW—FOL. LIT.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Copy marked “fol.” means to follow figures, italics, abbreviations, idiomatic -words and expressions, and &c. or etc., but not capitalization or punctuation. The -exceptions are: (1) Always spell out the & except in firm names; (2) always spell -out the % mark; (3) always use “at” or “to,” as the case may be, instead of the -commercial @. All orthography in “fol.” matter is good that has the sanction of -any dictionary.</p> - -<p>2. Copy marked “fol. lit.” means follow everything—caps, punctuation, and -contractions.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2><a name="COURT_WORK" id="COURT_WORK"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">COURT WORK.</a></h2> - - -<p class="pfs80">COURT OF CLAIMS OPINIONS, BRIEFS, AND DECISIONS.</p> - -<p>1. In the case of <em>The United States</em> v. <em>Union Pacific Railroad Company</em> (99 U. S., 22), -the court</p> - -<p>2. In the case of <em>United States</em> v. <em>The Union Pacific Railroad Company</em> (99 U. S., 33), -the court</p> - -<p>3. (<em>The United States</em> v. <em>Union Pacific R. R. Co.</em>)</p> - -<p>4. (<em>United States</em> v. <em>The Union Pacific R. R. Co.</em>)</p> - -<p>5. In <em>Taylor’s Case</em> (16 C. Cls. R., 14) the claimant. (<em>Taylor’s Case</em>, 16 C. Cls. R., 14.)</p> - -<p>6. In <em>Taylor</em> v. <em>Smith</em> the court held</p> - -<p>7. <em>Edwards’s Lessee</em> v. <em>Darby</em> (12 Wheat., 210)</p> - -<p>8. <em>Legal-Tender Case</em> (110 U. S., 334)</p> - -<p>9. (<em>Ex parte</em> Robinson, 19 Wall., 304)</p> - -<p>10. In Taylor’s Case the court say; in the case of Taylor there was</p> - -<p>11. In the case of <em>Payne</em> (7 U. S., 252)</p> - -<p>12. By the <em>Act of March 3, 1881</em>, chapter 34, section 4 (Rev. Stat., § 33).</p> - -<p>13. <em>Bowman Act</em> (22 Stat. L., ch. 4, § 9, p. 284); the Bowman Act was referred to.</p> - -<p>14. <em>Act 5th August, 1882</em> (Supp. Rev. Stat., 284; Stat. L., 84).</p> - -<p>15. In the petition (Rec., p. 7) there is</p> - -<p>16. In the record (p. 7; Test., p. 7; Ev., p. 7; Rec., p. 9; q. 7; c. q. 7; int. 7; c. int. -7; qq. 6–9; c. qq. 7–9; ints. 9, 10)</p> - -<p>17. Finding VI—the sixth finding; section 6—the sixth section.</p> - -<p>18. Omit quotation marks for exhibits in all cases except “fol. lit.”</p> - -<p>19. “United States” to be used in the singular number where practicable.</p> - -<p>20. In Court of Claims records, when questions are numbered, let the number -precede the question: 23. Question.</p> - -<p>21. Spell out “Question” and “Answer” and make separate paragraphs.</p> - -<p>22. When the title of the case is braced to the left, the rule is to have the braced -portion occupy two-thirds of the line; but this may be varied to avoid bad divisions -or when there is but little matter inside the brace.</p> - -<p>23. Make sentences of citations, excepting (p. 84) or (pp. 90–95).</p> - -<p>(See also “<span class="smcap"><a href="#FOLLOW_FOL_LIT">Follow—fol. lit.</a></span>”)</p> - - -<div><a name="SC_RECORDS" id="SC_RECORDS"></a></div> -<p class="p2 pfs80">SUPREME COURT RECORDS.</p> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>24. X Int.</p> -<p>X Int. 1.</p> -<p>X 20.</p> -<p>24. X.</p> -<p>24. Q.</p> -<p>24. Question.</p> -<p>X Q. 1.</p> -<p>24. Int.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>1. X Q.</p> -<p>X Ques. 1.</p> -<p>1. Add. Direct.</p> -<p>2. R. D. Q.</p> -<p>3. Re D. Q.</p> -<p>4. R. X Q.</p> -<p>Re X Q. 1.</p> -<p>R. X Int. 1.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p>5. Re X Q.</p> -<p>24th. Cross-ques.</p> -<p>46th. Cross-int.</p> -<p>46. Cross-int.</p> -<p>46. Cross-ques.</p> -<p>46. C. Int.</p> -<p>46th. C. Int.</p> -<p>Answer to Cross-int. 1.</p> -</div> - -<p>1. Follow copy literally, except italics (which stand for errors only), capitalization, -and punctuation.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p> - -<p>2. Use italic letters to indicate errors of orthography and apostrophes to indicate -errors of omission. In case of a doublet, italicize the repeated portion. Use no -dashes, but indicate blanks with quads.</p> - -<p>3. Make paragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter.</p> - -<p>4. Use apostrophes in unusual abbreviations, such as Feb’y, c’t, etc.; but in well-established -abbreviations use the period, as Mr., deft., plff.</p> - -<p>5. Many words, although not spelled according to Webster, if sanctioned by other -authorities, should be set without italic letters.</p> - -<p>6. Italics should not be used to indicate errors of syntax, or errors of orthography, -in foreign languages, except in law terms, as fi<em>a</em>ri f<em>e</em>cias; nor should italics be used -in variations of orthography of proper names of persons or places.</p> - -<p>7. Where the name of a corporation occurs beginning with the word “the,” use a -cap. T, thus: the said The B. & O. R. R. Co.; The Sun v. The Globe; The City of -Washington v. The B. & O. R. R. Co.; the defendant The Davies County Bank.</p> - -<p>8. Errors in italics will always be indicated by roman letters, thus: <em>fi</em>e<em>r</em>e <em>f</em>e<em>cias</em>, -<em>co</em>n<em>plain</em>e<em>ants</em>.</p> - -<p>9. Names of vessels will be set in roman, quoted.</p> - -<p>10. Do not change the spelling of proper names, nor use italics to indicate errors -therein.</p> - -<p>(See also “<span class="smcap"><a href="#FOLLOW_FOL_LIT">Follow—fol. lit.</a></span>”)</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2><a name="GENERAL_TESTIMONY" id="GENERAL_TESTIMONY"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">GENERAL TESTIMONY.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Contract the first Q. and A., as well as the following ones.</p> - -<p>2. Make one paragraph of question and answer, connecting the question and its -answer by an em dash.</p> - -<p>3. Where the answer is not introduced by the usual “A.,” “Ans.,” or “Answer,” -or where the name or title of a participant is used, make a new paragraph.</p> - -<p>4. The following examples illustrate the use of brackets, colons, and parentheses:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>The <span class="smcap">Chairman</span> (to Mr. Smith).</p> -<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Kelley</span> (to the chairman).</p> -<p>The <span class="smcap">Witness.</span> He did it that way [indicating].</p> -<p class="fs5"> </p> -<p>Q. (By Mr. <span class="smcap">Smith</span>.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]?</p> -<p>(Objected to.)</p> -<p>A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do.</p> -<p>Q. (Continuing.)—A. (Reads:)</p> -<p class="fs5"> </p> -<p>Question (continuing).—Answer (reads):</p> -<p>A. (Interrupting.)</p> -<p>Answer (interrupting).</p> -<p>(Counsel objects to its admission.)</p> -</div> - -<p>5. Observe punctuation in the following paragraphs:</p> - -<div class="blockquoty"> -<p>The defendant, George Brown, stated to the court, etc. [where there is only one defendant -(or plaintiff) in the case].</p> -<p>The defendant George Brown stated to the court, etc. [where there are two or more defendants -(or plaintiffs) in the case].</p> -</div> - -<p>(See also “<span class="smcap"><a href="#FOLLOW_FOL_LIT">Follow—fol. lit.</a></span>” and <a href="#MISCELLANEOUS">paragraph 3 under “<span class="smcap">Miscellaneous</span>.”</a>)</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2><a name="USE_OF_ITALIC" id="USE_OF_ITALIC"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">USE OF ITALIC.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Names of vessels and generic names should be set in italic, except in tabular -matter, indexes, lists set in columns, and Supreme Court work.</p> - -<p>2. The words “see,” “see also,” etc., in italic in indexes only.</p> - -<p>3. Italic will not be followed in general work, either for foreign words or for -emphasis, unless special instructions to that effect are given.</p> - -<p>4. When letters are used as references in explaining diagrams, figures, etc., use -italic for lower-case references and roman for caps, not quoted: Cogwheel <em>a</em>; pinion -B; angle <em>ab</em>; line CD; points <em>a</em>, <em>b</em>, <em>c</em>, <em>d</em>, <em>e</em>.</p> - -<p>(See also “<span class="smcap"><a href="#FOLLOW_FOL_LIT">Follow—fol. lit.</a></span>”)</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="MISCELLANEOUS" id="MISCELLANEOUS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">MISCELLANEOUS.</a></h2> - - -<p>1. Use spaces in place of hyphens in Indian names.</p> - -<p>2. Treat all side and cut-in notes as paragraphs.</p> - -<p>3. Observe the following examples of punctuation:</p> - -<div class="textcol2a"> -<p>George G. Greene, being sworn and examined, on oath deposes and says:</p> -<p>Isaac Fuller, sworn, and testified as follows:</p> -<p>P. L. Rodier, sworn and examined.</p> -<p>Colonel Seventh Cavalry.</p> -<p>Captain, Seventh Cavalry.</p> -<p>Respectfully, yours,</p> -<p>Yours, respectfully,</p> -<p>Congressional, No. 25.</p> -<p>Congressional case No. 25.</p> -<p>Record, case No. 384.</p> -<p>Term No., 625.</p> -<p>Indian Depredations, No. 25.</p> -<p>Indian depredation case No. 625.</p> -<p>French Spoliations, No. 18.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2a"> -<p>French spoliation case No. 325.</p> -<p>first session Fifty-third Congress.</p> -<p>Jones & Co., Limited.</p> -<p>Latitude, 40° 19′ 12″ north; longitude, 30° 8′ 14″ west.</p> -<p>In latitude 40° 19′ 12″ north, longitude 30° 8′ 14″ west.</p> -<p>Have you any interest in this case? If so, what?</p> -<p>Have you any interest in this case? If so, state what.</p> -<p>Have you any interest in this case; and if so, what?</p> -<p>Have you any interest in this case? And if so, state what.</p> -</div> - -<p>4. “Line of stars” means seven asterisks in a full-measure line, indented two -ems at each end, the remaining space to be evenly divided between the stars. Exception: -In briefs, etc., set in “general-order” measure, use but five asterisks, indented -two ems at each end.</p> - -<p>5. Avoid, by overrunning, the use of a dash at the beginning of a line, two-letter -divisions, and the repetition of divisions at the end of three or more contiguous lines.</p> - -<p>6. After addresses at the head of communications use the period, as—</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">Amos J. Cummings</span>,</p> -<p><span class="pad4"><em>House of Representatives</em>.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad2"><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: I have the honor, etc.</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>Lieut. Commander <span class="smcap">Richard Rush</span>,</p> -<p><span class="pad10"><em>Navy Department</em>.</span></p> -<p><span class="pad1"><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: The care shown by you, etc.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>7. Use en quads in cap and small-cap lines in addresses and in signatures, and a -proportionate increase of space in heads of extended type.</p> - -<p>8. In illustrating certain shapes or forms, as <b>⟙</b> rails, use gothic letters (case 288 -cap. in long-primer text, and case 287 cap. in brevier text).</p> - -<p>9. In solid matter, when extracts, etc., are set in smaller type, separate by using -two leads; in leaded matter use three leads.</p> - -<p>10. Use two leads before footnotes in all cases.</p> - -<p>11. Where slugs are called for specially, use a slug of same body as type.</p> - -<p>12. Separate center heads from text by slugs one size less than type used.</p> - -<p>13. When two consecutive years are intended, set: 1875–76, 1801–2; when more -than two consecutive years are intended: 1875–1879, 1895–1904; when two or more -distinct years are intended: 1894, 1895; 1873, 1876; 1888, 1891, 1894.</p> - -<p>14. When laws are set in long-primer type, document measure, the first line of the -enacting clause must be set so as to conform to the following examples:</p> - -<p class="large"><em>Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United</em></p> - -<p class="large"><em>Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States</em></p> - -<p>15. In indexes, when the page folios overrun, retain only the first folio number in -the leader line; but when necessary to save an overrun, figures may be run back to -within an em leader of the words. When the folios overrunning make two or more -lines, indent evenly not less than seven ems on the left, the folios in excess of <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'even. length'">even-length</ins> -lines to be worked into the leader line. When the figures extend back into -the leader line, use an en quad between the leaders and the first figure.</p> - -<p>16. Never divide a word in a headline if it can possibly be avoided. In subhead -and legend lines it is not necessary to make the first line full.</p> - -<p>17. Always keep together, at the beginning or end of a line, such abbreviations as -U. S. N.; D. C.; N. Y.; N. J.; M. D., etc. The contractions esq., sr., and jr. should -always be in the same line with the name they follow.</p> - -<p>18. Never divide the last word of a paragraph if it can be avoided; overrun if -necessary. The last line of a paragraph should contain at least a four-letter word.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="BILL_STYLE" id="BILL_STYLE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">BILL STYLE.</a></h2> -<hr class="r15" /> - -<p>Unless special directions are given—sometimes necessary in particular cases—the -following rules govern the printing of bills:</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">Type.</p> - -<p>1. Bills are always set in English type, full-slugged.</p> - -<p>2. A new bill is always all roman, italic being used only for the enacting clause -and the word “<em>Provided</em>.”</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">Side Folios.</p> - -<p>3. The direction “Allow for two figures” means that TWO 1-EM quads (not one -2-em quad) are to be used in allowing for side folios at left of text. “Allow for -three figures” means indent two 1-em quads and 1 en quad.</p> - -<p>4. Always supply the word “That” immediately following the section number, -and after the word “<em>Provided</em>” of a proviso.</p> - -<p>5. Begin side folios with figure 1 at the first line of each section. Exceptions to -this are sometimes made for convenience in handling, and side folios begun with -figure 1 at the top of each page; but in such cases special instructions will be given.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">Engrossed and Enrolled Bills.</p> - -<p>6. A bill is said to be <em>engrossed</em> when it has passed one House of Congress; to be -<em>enrolled</em> when final action has been taken in both Houses.</p> - -<p>7. Follow literally in engrossed and enrolled bills. This applies to the title of -the bill on the filing or indorsement as well as to the text, but not to the caption of -engrossed amendments.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">Heads and Indorsements.</p> - -<p>8. The “indorsement” on a bill is the form printed on the back for convenience -of reference when folded. “Document style” prevails on indorsements until the -bill reaches the “engrossed” stage. Senate bills differ from House bills in the -forms used in heads and indorsements. As a bill progresses new “actions” appear, -which should be set in the same style as the “actions” that precede. The “style” -of a head or indorsement is governed by the “style” for the branch of Congress in -which the bill is pending. Examples of a new bill in each House are given on the -following page:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p2 pfs80">HEADING OF HOUSE BILL.</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>↽—[Cast.]—⇁</p> -<p><span class="smcap">53d Congress</span>,</p> -<p><em>3d Session</em>.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>↽—[Cast.]—⇁</p> -<p class="xxl">H. R. 9846.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="r20a" /> - -<div class="center lht"> -<span class="small">[English caps—cast.]</span><br /> -IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">[Long primer type.]</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">December 22, 1894.</span><br /> -<br /> -Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed.<br /> - -<hr class="r20a" /> - -<span class="small">[English type.]</span><br /> -Mr. <span class="smcap">Wilson</span>, of West Virginia, (by request) introduced the following bill:<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">↽—[Cast.]—⇁</span><br /><br /> -<span class="xxl">A BILL</span><br /> - -<span class="small">[English type.]</span><br /> -For the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, West Virginia.<br /> -<span class="small">[Slug.]</span><br /> -</div> - -<p class="fs90"><em>Be it enacted, etc.</em>, That</p> - - -<hr class="full" /> -<p class="pfs80">HEADING OF SENATE BILLS.</p> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>↽—[Cast.]—⇁</p> -<p><span class="smcap">53d Congress</span>,</p> -<p><em>3d Session</em>.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol2"> -<p>↽—[Cast.]—⇁</p> -<p class="xxl">S. 4973.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="r20a" /> - -<div class="center lht"> -<span class="small">[English caps—cast.]</span><br /> -IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">[Long primer type.]</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">January 4, 1895.</span><br /> -<br /> -Mr. <span class="smcap">Voorhees</span> introduced the following bill; which was read -twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions.<br /> - -<hr class="r20a" /> - -<span class="small">↽—[Cast.]—⇁</span><br /><br /> -<span class="xxl">A BILL</span><br /> - -<span class="small">[English type.]</span><br /> -Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican War.<br /> -<span class="small">[Slug.]</span><br /> -</div> - -<p class="fs90"><em>Be it enacted, etc.</em>, That</p> - - -<hr class="full" /> -<p class="pfs80">INDORSEMENTS.</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><em>House.</em></td><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><em>Senate.</em></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc wd30">53d Congress,<br /><em>3d Session</em>.</td><td class="tdc large bold wd20"><span class="nowrap">} H. R. 9846.</span></td><td class="tdc wd30">53d Congress,<br /><em>3d Session</em>.</td><td class="tdc large bold wd20"><span class="nowrap">} S. 4973</span></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl tdpp" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td><td class="tdl tdpp" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td><td class="tdl" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc large bold" colspan="2">A BILL</td><td class="tdc large bold" colspan="2">A BILL</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">For the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, W. Va.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican War.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl tdpp" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td><td class="tdl tdpp" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td><td class="tdl" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">By Mr. Wilson, of West Virginia.</td><td class="tdc" colspan="2">By Mr. Voorhees.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl tdpp" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td><td class="tdl tdpp" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td><td class="tdl" colspan="2"><hr class="fulla" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlv" colspan="2">December 22, 1894.—Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed.</td><td class="tdlv" colspan="2">1895—January 4.—Read twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions.</td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<hr class="full" /> -<p class="p2" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></p> - -<p>9. In indorsements on bills in the Senate use a 9-em dash under the bill number; -on bills in the House a parallel dash.</p> - -<p>10. The name of the introducer of a bill or resolution is carried under the title in -the indorsement, in long primer caps and small caps, between parallel rules, in -both Houses, through each printing until bill or resolution passes one House.</p> - -<p>11. When the title of a bill on the indorsement makes more than two lines, indent -the runovers 1½ ems; center the title when it makes but one or two lines. On the -face of the bill where a title makes more than one line, set the first line to full -measure, centering the runover if there be two lines in the title; if more than two -lines, indent the runovers 2 ems.</p> - -<p>12. Titles for <span class="smcap">House bills</span> are taken from the <span class="fs80">INDORSEMENT</span> of copy; for <span class="smcap">Senate -bills</span> from the <span class="fs80">FACE</span> of copy.</p> - -<p>13. Preambles are set full measure, the first line of each “whereas” being flush -and the runovers indented 2 ems. Where an agreement or treaty is part of a preamble, -follow literally, indenting the paragraphs 4 ems and runovers 2 ems, full -measure.</p> - -<p>14. Titles and preambles following the head of a bill are always half-slugged.</p> - -<p>15. Set “Calendar No.—,” on both face and indorsement of bills which have reached -the Senate Calendar, in each case at the upper right-hand corner.</p> - -<p>16. Set “Report No.” on both face and indorsement of reported bills in both Houses, -centering under the number of the bill.</p> - -<p>[It is impracticable to give illustrations of the minutiæ of headings and indorsements -of bills in all their stages. Samples and information can always be had upon -inquiry at the foreman’s desk. Compositors and others must familiarize themselves -with the forms called for by the clerks’ notes on copy.]</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">Amendments.</p> - -<p>17. “Line type” and italic are used only to show amendments. When it is proposed -to strike out certain portions in a bill that is “reported with amendments,” -such portions will be set in “line type.” Example:</p> - -<p class="noindent xl"> -in accordance with <span class="thru">existing</span> <em>proposed</em> plan, <span class="thru">twenty</span> <em>twenty-five</em> -thousand dollars.</p> - -<p>18. When new matter is inserted, it is set in italics.</p> - -<p>19. When it is proposed to strike out and insert, always let the italics <span class="fs80">FOLLOW</span> -the line type.</p> - -<p>20. Do not complicate amendments. When one amendment can be made to cover -the sense, as in the complete changing of a sum of money, so set it, rather than divide -into two or more short amendments.</p> - -<p>21. Proposed Senate amendments are printed in bill form, all roman. The general -style of the head may be either that of bills or of “miscellaneous documents.” These -headings are generally in proper form as they come from the bill clerk.</p> - -<p>22. When it is proposed in the Senate to make several short amendments, the -caption should read as follows:</p> - -<div class="blockquotx"> - -<p class="center">AMENDMENTS</p> - -<p>Intended to be proposed by Mr. <span class="smcap">Hoar</span> to the bill (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxation, to provide revenue -for the Government, and for other purposes, viz:</p> - -<p>1 In line 24, page 19, strike out the words “per centum ad valorem” and insert the words</p> -<p>2 “cents per pound;” in line 16, page 25, strike out the word “shall;” and in line 12, page 34, after</p> -<p>3 the word “and,” insert the word “any.”</p> -</div> - -<p>23. When a proposed amendment in the Senate is expressed by one or more full -paragraphs, the caption should read:</p> - -<div class="blockquotx"> - -<p class="center">AMENDMENT</p> - -<p>Intended to be proposed by Mr. <span class="smcap">Gorman</span> to the bill (H. R. 2476) entitled “An Act to establish a fish-hatching -station at Port Tobacco, Maryland,” viz: After the word “Maryland,” in line 14, section -2, insert the following:</p> - -<p>1 To enable the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries to carry out the provisions</p> -<p>2 of this act there is hereby appropriated the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars.</p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">Reported Bills.</p> - -<p>24. Observe the difference in <em>form</em> of action taken on Senate and House bills -reported with amendments:</p> - -<p><em>House.</em>—</p> - -<div class="fs80"> - -<p class="center smcap">December 12, 1894.</p> - -<p class="center">Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole House, and ordered to be -printed.</p> - -<p class="center">Omit the parts struck through and insert the parts printed in <em>italics</em>.</p> -</div> - -<p><em>Senate.</em>—</p> - -<div class="fs80"> - -<p class="center smcap">December 13, 1894.</p> - -<p class="center">Reported by Mr. <span class="smcap">Harris</span> with an amendment, viz: Omit the part struck through and insert the part -printed in <em>italics</em>.</p> -</div> - -<p>[The wording varies with the necessities of the case, but the style remains the -same.]</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">General Instructions.</p> - -<p>25. Spell out everything, except “Mr.,” “Mrs.,” and classification of vessels, as -“A 1.” On indorsements follow document style.</p> - -<p>26. Make the contractions “&c.” and “etc.” read “and so forth,” and in the title -and body of a bill make “viz” read “namely.”</p> - -<p>27. When, in the use of figures, the comma is used in ordinary work to show notation, -in bills thousands and hundreds are spelled; as, for 1,750, make it “one thousand -seven hundred and fifty.”</p> - -<p>28. In serial numbers, or where the comma is not used in general work, spell by -hundreds all numbers less than 10000; as, for 2742, make it “twenty-seven hundred -and forty-two;” but in serial numbers where even multiples of one thousand occur, -use the word “thousand,” as “section two thousand and four,” “paragraph seven -thousand and sixty-nine” (not “twenty hundred and four” or “seventy hundred -and sixty-nine”).</p> - -<p>29. Years and dates are expressed thus: June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and -ninety-three.</p> - -<p>30. When the expression usually indicated by “No.” occurs, use the word “numbered.” -Observe, in this connection, the capitalization for kindred expressions: -House Executive Document Numbered Eighteen.</p> - -<p>31. References to the Revised Statutes, Statutes at Large, court reports, etc., are -expressed thus: Revised Statutes, page two hundred and forty-two; Twelfth Statutes, -page eleven hundred and sixteen; Tenth Court of Claims Reports, page ten.</p> - -<p>32. Capitalize the word “act” wherever it occurs as a synonym for “bill” or -“law.”</p> - -<p>33. The indorsement on a printed bill must always fall on an even page. In House -bills 4 lines of text may be worked in with the indorsement, and in Senate bills 7 -lines.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100 bold">Special Instructions for Enrolled Bills.</p> - -<p>34. Set in quarto measure, paragraphs indented 2 ems.</p> - -<p>35. Lead with 3-to-pica leads. When center heads occur use a full pica slug above -and below.</p> - -<p>36. Set entirely in roman type, except the enacting clause and “Provided,” which -go in <em>italic.</em></p> - -<p>37. Avoid divisions of words and space evenly. Two-letter divisions must not be -made.</p> - -<p>38. In enrolled bills of the <em>Senate</em> place the bill number (using the form “S. 146”) -in pica antique, at the upper <em>left-hand</em> corner. In enrolled bills of the <em>House</em> the -number goes at the upper <em>right-hand</em> corner, using the form “H. R. No. 4864.”</p> - -<p>39. In enrolled bills of the Senate use a parallel dash above and below title; in -those of the House use the parallel dash above only, with two full slugs below.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="JOURNAL_WORK" id="JOURNAL_WORK"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">JOURNAL WORK.</a></h2> -<hr class="r15" /> - -<p class="pfs90">GENERAL DIRECTIONS.</p> - -<p>Spell out States after county in both Journals.</p> - -<p>The Journals are set in brevier, solid, Record measure, and as a rule Record style -prevails.</p> - -<p>Compositors will observe the style of the following paragraphs:</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs90">HOUSE.</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp">MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1894.</p> - -<p>A message from the Senate, by Mr. Cox, its Secretary, announced that the Senate -had passed a bill entitled:</p> - -<p>S. 2905. An act for the relief of John M. Smith.</p> - -<p>It also announced that the Senate had passed bills of the following titles, in which -the concurrence of the House was requested:</p> - -<p>S. 2000. An act for the relief of James Robinson; and</p> - -<p>S. 2001. An act granting a pension to Sam Jones.</p> - -<p>It further announced that the Senate had passed, without amendment, the bill -(H. R. 10241) to amend “An act making appropriations for the construction, repair, -and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes,” -approved July 4, 1894.</p> - -<p>The committees were called for reports;</p> - -<p>When,</p> - -<p>Bills were reported, the reports thereon ordered to be printed, and referred to the -Calendars as follows:</p> - -<p>By Mr. Black, of Illinois, from the Committee on Military Affairs, the bill entitled -(S. 527) an act to construct a road to the national cemetery at Dover, Tenn.—to the -Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.</p> - -<p>The amendments recommended by the Committee of the Whole were then agreed -to, and as amended the bill was ordered to be engrossed, was read a third time, and -passed.</p> - -<p>The Speaker laid before the House the bill entitled:</p> - -<p>S. 1262. An act for the relief of Paul McCormick;</p> - -<p>Which was referred to the Committee on Claims.</p> - -<p>The Speaker pro tempore laid before the House the bill—with amendments of the -Senate thereto—entitled:</p> - -<p>H. R. 3458. An act extending the time for final proof on land claims under the -public land laws.</p> - -<p>On motion of Mr. Sweet the amendments were concurred in.</p> - -<p>Mr. Pearson, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that the committee -had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the following titles; which were -thereupon signed by the Speaker, to wit:</p> - -<p>H. R. 868. An act for the relief of John Smith;</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p> - -<p>S. 1896. An act for the relief of Mrs. Lucinda Brown; and</p> - -<p>H. R. 3858. An act to pension John Jones.</p> - -<p>By Mr. Maguire: A resolution for the appointment of a special committee to investigate -Pacific railroads—to the Committee on Rules.</p> - -<p>By Mr. Holman:</p> - -<p>Whereas it appears by an act passed June 4, 1894, the sum of $10,000 was appropriated -to enable the Secretary of War, etc.; and</p> - -<p>Whereas it is alleged that trouble exists, etc.;</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That the Committee on Military Affairs be authorized to settle the difficulty— -to the Committee on Military Affairs.</p> - -<p>The Committee on Indian Affairs was called;</p> - -<p>When,</p> - -<p>On motion of Mr. Lynch, on behalf of said committee, the House resolved itself -into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration -of the bill (H. R. 6557) providing for opening the Uintah Indian Reservation in -Utah; and after some time spent therein, the Speaker resumed the chair, and Mr. -Dockery reported that the committee having had under consideration the said bill -(H. R. 6557) had come to no resolution thereon;</p> - -<p>When the morning hour expired.</p> - -<p>The question being on agreeing to the second resolution, to wit:</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That John J. O’Neill was not legally elected and is not entitled to a seat -in this House;</p> - -<p>And being put,</p> - -<p>Will the House agree thereto?</p> - -<div class="center fs90"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{ Yeas....................</td><td class="tdr">23</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl medium">It was decided in the negative,</td><td class="tdl">{ Nays...................</td><td class="tdr">160</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{ Not voting..........</td><td class="tdr">168</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p>After further debate,</p> - -<p>The Speaker appointed Messrs. Bailey and Ray tellers.</p> - -<p>The question being put,</p> - -<p>Shall the bill be engrossed and read a third time?</p> - -<p>The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the members present,</p> - -<p class="center">[One line only.]</p> - - -<div class="center fs90"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{ Yeas.........................................</td><td class="tdr">123</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{ Nays........................................</td><td class="tdr">55</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">There appeared,</td><td class="tdl">{ Answering “present”...............</td><td class="tdr">1</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{ Not answering.........................</td><td class="tdr">172</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{ Reported by tellers as present and not answering</td><td class="tdr">4</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p>The Speaker laid before the House the following joint resolution of the Senate:</p> - -<p>S. R. 91. A joint resolution providing for printing a digest of the laws relating to -compensation of officials in United States courts;</p> - -<p>Which was referred to the Committee on Printing.</p> - -<p>Mr. Allen suggested that the House should take a recess, under Rule XXVI.</p> - -<p>And then, in pursuance of Rule XXVI, the House took a recess until 8 p. m.</p> - -<p>A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. Pruden, one of his secretaries, -announced that the President had approved and signed bills and a joint -resolution of the following titles:</p> - -<p>On June 29, 1894:</p> - -<p>H. R. 4701. An act to incorporate the Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias; -and</p> - -<p>H. R. 274. An act to authorize the city of Hyattsville, Md., to construct a wagon -bridge.</p> - -<p>On July 6, 1894:</p> - -<p>H. Res. 196. Joint resolution to provide temporarily for the expenditures of the -Government.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p> - -<p>The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses to the -bill (H. R. 6518) making appropriations for rivers and harbors do recommend to their -respective Houses as follows:</p> - -<p>That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate -numbered 27, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Strike out all -the matter preceding and insert on page 77, after line 7, the following as a new item:</p> - -<p><em>Baltimore Harbor, Maryland: To widen the ship channel to one thousand feet, one -thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine dollars and fifty-one cents.</em></p> - -<p>And the Senate agree to the same.</p> - -<p>That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate -numbered 20, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Strike out “eight -hundred dollars” and <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'itsert in lieu'">insert in lieu</ins> thereof the following: <em>three hundred and fifty dollars;</em> -and the Senate agree to the same.</p> - -<p>Amend section 2 to read as follows:</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sec. 2.</span> <em>For an exhibit by the Government of the United States at the Cotton States International -Exposition to be held at Atlanta, Georgia, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-five, -one hundred thousand dollars.</em></p> - -<p>And the House agree to the same.</p> - -<p>Leave of absence was granted to Mr. Cobb of Alabama and Mr. Black of Illinois, -indefinitely; to Mr. Pigott, for two days; to Mr. Bartlett, until Saturday next; and -to Mr. Lacey, for four days.</p> - -<p>And then,</p> - -<p>On motion of Mr. Cummings, at 5 o’clock and 20 minutes p. m., the House -adjourned.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs90">SENATE.</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs80">MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE.</p> - -<p>A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Towles, its chief clerk.</p> - -<p><em>Mr. President:</em> The House of Representatives has disagreed to the amendments of -the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6913) making appropriations for the current expenses -of the Indian Department. It asks a conference with the Senate thereon, and has -appointed Mr. Holman, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Wilson of Washington managers at the -same on its part.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs80">ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED.</p> - -<p>Mr. Caffery reported from the committee that they had examined and found duly -enrolled the following bill:</p> - -<p>H. R. 2350. An act making appropriations for the Military Academy;</p> - -<p>Whereupon,</p> - -<p>The President pro tempore signed the same, and it was delivered to the committee -to be presented to the President of the United States.</p> - -<p>The Senate proceeded, by unanimous consent, to consider the said bill as in -Committee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it was reported to the -Senate.</p> - -<p><em>Ordered,</em> That it pass to a third reading.</p> - -<p>The said bill was read the third time.</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That it pass, and that the title thereof be as aforesaid.</p> - -<p>The Senate proceeded to consider, as in Committee of the Whole, the bill (S. 1296) -for the relief of Andrew Gray; and</p> - -<p class="pad2">On motion by Mr. White,</p> - -<p><em>Ordered</em>, That it be postponed indefinitely.</p> - -<p>Mr. Allison called for a division of the question; and</p> - -<p>On the question to recede from the amendment No. 87, viz: Insert as an additional -paragraph the following:</p> - -<p><em>109. Iron ore, forty cents per ton,</em></p> - -<div class="center fs90"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdlm medium" rowspan="2">It was determined in the negative,</td><td class="tdl">{ Yeas.................</td><td class="tdr">2</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">{ Nays................</td><td class="tdr">5</td></tr> -</table></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pad2">On motion by Mr. Hill,</p> - -<p>The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the Senators present,</p> - -<p class="center">[One line only.]</p> - -<p>Those who voted in the affirmative are,</p> - -<p>Messrs. Allen, Hill, Irby.</p> - -<p>Those who voted in the negative are,</p> - -<p>Messrs. Jones of Arkansas, Jones of Nevada, Mitchell of Wisconsin.</p> - -<p class="fs80">[<span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Observe that commas are left out after names when there are a number of them, like the -above.]</p> - -<p>The question being on the motion of Mr. Hill that the Senate recede from its -amendment No. 87,</p> - -<p>Pending debate,</p> - -<p>Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, raised a question as to the presence of a quorum;</p> - -<p class="fs80">[<span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Observe that comma is used when but a single name occurs.]</p> - -<p>Whereupon,</p> - -<p>The Presiding Officer (Mr. Mitchell, of Oregon, in the chair) directed the roll to -be called;</p> - -<p>When,</p> - -<p>Fifty-nine Senators answered to their names.</p> - -<p>A quorum being present,</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs80">EXECUTIVE SESSION.</p> - -<p class="pad2">On motion of Mr. Jones, of Arkansas,</p> - -<p>The Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business; and</p> - -<p>After the consideration of executive business the doors were reopened;</p> - -<p>When,</p> - -<p>On motion of Mr. Gorman, at 3 o’clock and 40 minutes p. m.,</p> - -<p>The Senate adjourned.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="xl"><a name="Suggestions_for_Compositors" id="Suggestions_for_Compositors"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Suggestions for Compositors, Readers, and Revisers.</a></h2> -<hr class="r20" /> - -<div class="fs90"> - - -<p class="pfs120 lsp">HELP EACH OTHER.</p> - -<p>Workmen in every department should follow instructions in spirit as well as in letter. Unthinking -performance—the listless doing of just what has been told and no more—is not satisfactory. It is -believed the good workman will take interest in his duties. He is expected at suitable times to help -others in their work. The excuse that it is “none of my business,” or that “it was the reader’s -business,” or that “it was the foreman’s business” to give a word of warning or a helping hand -to prevent delay, error, or other trouble is a poor one. It is the business of every man to do what -he can to prevent error in any department, and as faulty work is usually done through inattention or -unfamiliarity with the style, suggestions should be courteously offered and received.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs120 lsp">TYPESETTING.</p> - -<p>For the successful maintenance of a high standard of workmanship and for the correctness of the -work done in the office, not a little depends upon the care, judgment, skill, and intelligence of the compositors. -Indifferent, careless men are not in demand in an office where important publications are -constantly being prepared for press, and where the slightest neglect on the part of those handling the -work may cause serious delay and confusion in some other division of the office. Recollect that one -badly justified line may stop a press; a careless correction spoil the whole edition of a book.</p> - -<p><em>Study the rules.</em>—Compositors are expected to carefully study the rules governing composition. A -failure to do this will show plainly in the proof. It must be remembered, however, that all work -done in the office is not in accordance with the regular or office style. Special instructions will invariably -accompany copy of this kind, and a compositor should ascertain when taking out copy whether -it is to be set according to office style; if it is not, he should read instructions carefully and confer fully -with the foreman or man at the desk about doubtful questions. The kind of type for the text (other -than long primer) and the use of leads are indicated in the preparation of the copy, as are indention, -type for headlines, “cast” of tables, and other minor details. The compositor should not go wrong -on these matters, nor should his type contain many errors, if he will apply himself, think, make -certain of his instructions, and use care.</p> - -<p><em>Divisions.</em>—Frequent divisions of words are undesirable, but do not avoid them entirely at the -expense of uniform spacing.</p> - -<p>Do not divide compound words except at the compounding hyphen in any but extreme cases.</p> - -<p>Divisions at the ends of three adjacent lines will not be passed by readers except in extreme cases -or in narrow measure.</p> - -<p>Divisions on syllables of two letters should be made but rarely.</p> - -<p><em>Spacing and justifying.</em>—The spacing of matter must be governed by the leading.</p> - -<p>Solid matter should be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, and when about to divide a word prefer to -take in.</p> - -<p>Leaded matter should also be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, but when about to divide a word prefer -to drive over.</p> - -<p>In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions driven over.</p> - -<p>Avoid, if possible, the very thin or very wide spacing of the first line of a paragraph.</p> - -<p>All lines of composition must be justified so tightly that they will stand unsupported in the stick.</p> - -<p>Observe in spacing the various formations of letters. There should be less space between final -“y” and initial “w,” for instance, than between final “d” and initial “h;” less between final “o” and -initial “c” than between final “f” and initial “b.” When a little extra spacing is necessary, never -place it between a comma and the first letter of succeeding word. The spacing between capital -letters in headings should also be governed by letter formation.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> - -<p>Do not do all the spacing at either the right or left of the line, but distribute it in conformity with -the foregoing suggestions. The appearance of a page as a whole depends very much upon the care -shown in spacing.</p> - -<p>Compositors should take every precaution to prevent the soiling of proof sheets, as it is necessary -for the reviser to see clearly every mark on the margin of a proof after it has been corrected.</p> - -<p>Do not try to cover up or hide an accident. After a proof is read the first time, if a word or line is -pied, or if a “dropout” occurs, or any accident happens to the type, it is the duty of the workman to -call attention to it in writing on the latest proof sheet, whether it be a galley revise, page revise, -stone revise, press revise, or foundry revise. If a proof sheet be not available or immediately at -hand, put the types involved <span class="fs80">FEET UPPERMOST</span> when returning them to the galley, page, or form. -This direction is intended for all who handle type—laborers, compositors, makers-up, imposers, and -electrotypers—and will be insisted upon. Accidents will happen, and correctness can be assured only -by faithfully following the instruction here given.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs120 lsp">READING.</p> - -<p>Readers are expected to be alert, clear-headed, diligent, and thoughtful.</p> - -<p>Proofs that are overinked, pale, smeared, or that have margins too narrow for proper marking, or -for any reason are not good proofs, must be refused.</p> - -<p>When a proof is taken out, the reader should inform himself fully as to the character of the work, -whether there are any special instructions or peculiarities concerning it, whether proof will be sent -out or the work go directly to press, and get such other information as he may think will assist him; -and before beginning to read he should make sure that copy agrees with proof and that the entire -proof is legible. It is well to do preparatory work and take a general survey of a proof before -beginning to read it.</p> - -<p>The style in which correction marks are made on a proof is an element of considerable importance. -Straggling, unsymmetrical characters, disconnected marks placed in the margins above or below the -lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading from an incorrect letter or word to a correction, -large marks, marks made with a blunt pencil, indistinct marks, a frequent use of the eraser to -obliterate marks hastily or incorrectly made, are all faults to be avoided. Corrections so made are not -respected by the compositor, and he is frequently annoyed and delayed in deciphering what they mean -and to what they refer. In reading proof of wide tables the reader should take advantage of white -space as near as possible to the error and place the correction therein, thus aiding all who have -occasion to handle the proof afterwards.</p> - -<p>The time to be spent in reading a proof should be governed, in a great measure, by its importance. -While in certain classes of ordinary work the reader is not expected to detect more than the plainer -errors and make his proof correct to copy, in work of value he should read critically and try to -discover more serious blunders than spelling, capitalization, punctuation, etc. But speed should -never be greater than is consistent with practical correctness.</p> - -<p>A single reading of figures, either in columns or lines, should be sufficient. The failure of first -reader and copyholder to detect wrong figures is a serious fault; confidence in them is immediately -strained, the second readers become suspicious of all proofs read by them and feel compelled to reread -entire proof by copy, and many far-reaching annoyances are liable to follow. When a reader does -not feel positive that figures are correct to copy, or if his sight becomes confused by a multiplicity of -figures or from other cause, he should request that the proof be reread by copy by someone else. -Physical weakness is not a fault; carelessness and indifference are always culpable.</p> - -<p>The substance of the preceding paragraph applies also to “fol. lit.” matter, especially bills, laws, -and court work.</p> - -<p>When an entire “take” or proof seems to have been set uniformly, a reader should never make -important changes in indentions of tables or make like corrections which will cause a great deal of -work without consulting the foreman, the copy preparer, or the man at the proof table.</p> - -<p>The reader should endeavor to verify, by the reference books in the office, all proper names, whether -they are of people or places, or whatever they may be; every date; every quotation from standard -works; every foreign word or phrase, and the ordinary nomenclature of science. When this can not -be done and he has a reasonable doubt, he should request the author to verify it. But when the reader -does discover errors of this class or when he detects inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously -made by the writer through lapse of the memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty to correct. He -does so at his peril, however. He must know, not suspect, that they are errors, and be prepared, if -called upon, to vindicate the soundness of his correction by recognized authority. If he does not -know, he should query.</p> - -<p>When a reader is unable to decide positively as to the correctness of a date, phrase, name, quotation, -etc., or if he does not feel at liberty to make the desired change because of instructions to -“follow” or “follow literally,” or because he is reading a bill or law, he should query. This should -not always be done by a simple question mark (for that is sometimes so confusing to the author that -he feels like raising a query of his own as to its meaning), but by writing the suggested amendment -or explaining the reason for the query in full.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> - -<p>In work of particular value—historic or scientific publications, books that may be used for reference, -etc.—the reader should be on the lookout for faulty construction of sentences, bad metaphors, -inconsistent statements, the misuse of words, and defects of similar character. These he should -query. The proofs of this class of work always go out, and the author will probably welcome -reasonable suggestions; but the reader must not worry himself or the author about the extreme niceties -of grammar or suggest pedantic emendations. Discrimination should be made and the author’s -style not confounded with his lapses.</p> - -<p>Readers will carefully note the instructions to compositors as to spacing, division of words, etc., -and never hesitate to mark when work is imperfect.</p> - -<p>Second readers are enjoined to keep in full sympathy with first readers and copy preparers. They -must always consult with the latter before making important changes in proof, and they should feel -free to respectfully call the attention of a first reader to errors in style or blunders of any kind that -may have been frequently overlooked by him. The marks of the copy preparer must be given consideration -by all. He has probably handled the entire work and is in a position to know more about its -peculiarities than the man who reads but a small portion.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs120 lsp">GALLEY-PROOF REVISING.</p> - -<p>The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. While a reviser is not expected -to read proof, it is not enough for him to slavishly follow the marks found on the proof sheet which -has been to the composing room for correction. His aim should be to discover new errors, if possible, -make the matter uniform in all essential points, and correct inconsistencies, due perhaps to a difference -of opinion among the readers. At the same time he should see that all corrections have been -properly made in the type, that words or lines have not been transposed by the compositor in making -the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of words, and good printing generally -have been observed. Compositors have no excuse for the neglect of even spacing, either when setting -the type or when making corrections, and the reader or reviser who passes bad spacing will be held -in fault.</p> - -<p>A reviser must not remodel the punctuation of the readers or make any serious changes in the work -unless the matter apparently needing correction is of unmistakable importance. If he thinks it necessary -that an important change should be made, he should submit the change proposed to the foreman -for his decision.</p> - -<p>All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the proof to be sent out, which should -always be clean and well printed.</p> - -<p>Every paragraph containing an alteration in a proof that makes one or more overruns must be reread -as first proof. It must be read aloud by copyholder, word for word, to the end of the paragraph, or at -least far enough to satisfy the reviser that the proper correction has been made and no new errors have -slipped in while the lines were being handled. The practice of revising the alteration only and of -rereading without copyholder has been the source of many errors, and will no longer be permitted.</p> - -<p>Revising should be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work must not be sacrificed to haste. -The “hurry” excuse for passing bad work will not be accepted, as assistance will be furnished whenever -necessary.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs120 lsp">PRESS REVISING.</p> - -<p>Press revising is a branch of proof-room work requiring special adaptability and great diligence -and care. Not only must the reviser observe that the rules governing the work of those who precede -him have been followed, but he must be on the alert for a multiplicity of points not coming within -their sphere. Hence, a clear head, quick eye, knowledge of the style, acquaintance with the make-up -of various publications, a high sense of order, an ability for detail, and mind and nerves not easily -disturbed are prerequisites to success in the work.</p> - -<p>A few general rules only can be given to guide the press reviser. He handles a variety of work and -must decide each point as it presents itself. He is cautioned never to allow his work to get behind -(calling for assistance when rushed), but not to make a sacrifice of correctness for the sake of speed.</p> - -<p>The following rules should be carefully studied:</p> - -<p>1. See that galley slips connect before beginning the page or press revise.</p> - -<p>2. See that page folios are continuous, that running heads are correct and uniform, and that the -proper signature is correctly placed.</p> - -<p>3. See that the series of proof sheets is clean and clear; send for another proof in case they are not.</p> - -<p>4. Revise carefully, observing connections between pages, carrying all unanswered queries, and -taking care that continued and repeated lines are free from errors.</p> - -<p>5. If a revise is badly corrected or is from any cause not reasonably free from error, call for another -correction and proof (stating number wanted), and destroy all duplicates.</p> - -<p>6. Be on the lookout for “dropouts,” doublets, and transpositions, applying the rules laid down for -first revisers.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> - -<p>7. Read by copy all running heads, and box heads in continuous tables; see that all leading lines -are carried at the top where subordinate matter turns over; that dollar marks and italic captions of -columns are properly placed and uniform; that the matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, -and that footnotes fall on the page containing the corresponding reference, and are symmetrically -arranged.</p> - -<p>8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in the ordinary course of business, especially -of the final proofs from which a work is sent to the press or foundry.</p> - -<p>9. On first page of a signature of a stone or press revise carry the number of copies and kind of -paper, with any special directions that may be necessary; and see that the form is properly imposed.</p> - -<p>10. Be particular in making the “mark-off” on a galley slip when the first page proofs are sent out, -cutting the proof sheet and noting upon it the connecting galley slug, the folio of the succeeding -page, and the proper signature of the same. Retain the “mark-off” and deliver the galley slips with -the clean proof to the proof clerk.</p> - -<p>11. Always make sure that different sets of proof sheets on any work are correctly marked in series, -as “R,” “2d R,” “3d R,” etc., and when a sheet is stamped “another proof” carry the same designating -“R” on the corresponding clean one, and destroy the stamped proof when it has served -its purpose.</p> - -<p>12. In Court of Claims and Supreme Court records the index must be filled in by the press reviser, -the first signature being retained for that purpose.</p> - -<p>13. When two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser should separate the parts to verify -the imposition. Until familiar with the “fold,” however, caution must be exercised in cutting the -sheet.</p> - -<p>14. Press, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. In the latter especial care must be -taken that rules do not lap, that work is not jammed in the “lockup,” that damaged letters and “slips” -are indicated, and that the matter is ready in all respects to pass severe criticism.</p> - -<p>15. Government publications are usually made up in the following order:</p> - -<p class="noindent pad3"> -Page 1. Title.<br /> -Page 2. Blank.<br /> -Page 3. Table of contents. If ending on an odd-numbered page, then—<br /> -Page 4. Blank.<br /> -Page 5. Letter of transmittal.<br /> -Page 6. Blank.<br /> -Page 7. Text proper.<br /> -</p> - -<p>In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the proof sheet. Tables of contents, -letters of transmittal, lists of illustrations, the text proper of a book, and all matter following -half titles (except parallel tables) should begin on a new odd page.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100">SIGNATURES.</p> - -<p>16. All signatures are designated by consecutive numbers—2, 3, 4, etc.—from the first to the last. -The distinguishing feature is usually the jacket number, preceding the signature number and -connected with it by a 2-em dash. For some works contractions of the title are used, especially in -annual or other periodical reports, forms for which can be had upon reference to the last one issued. -House and Senate documents take the following signature forms:</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">H. Ex. 123——7</td><td class="tdl">S. Rep. 13——9</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">H. Rep. 247——3</td><td class="tdl">S. Ex. 27——3</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">H. Mis. 17——2</td><td class="tdl">S. Mis. 123——2</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">H. Ex. 13—pt 2——5</td><td class="tdl">S. Mis. 42—pt 3——9</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p>Signatures are usually worked in sixteens, but with large pages the form of eights is the standard -when printed from type.</p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs100">BILL REVISING.</p> - -<p>17. In sending bills to press there are points to be watched which do not appear in other work. -The open character of the pages makes the form peculiarly liable to accident, and each page must be -closely scanned for faults. A press reviser must be fully conversant with all the details and peculiarities -of bill work and be ready to correct or take counsel upon any seeming error of style or apparent -fault. He must see that the indorsements on bills fall on “even” pages and that they back up -properly and have the proper make-up; also compare the number of the bill on the indorsement with -that on the face, as a safeguard against error. When any change has been made in the side folios, he -must run the same to the end of the series and answer for their correctness. He must see that the -proper number of copies is written on each signature page, according to the schedule or memorandum -furnished him. In short, the reviser is an umpire on bill work whose alertness is his qualification -for the work. He is not expected to read the proof, but he must train his eye to detect errors at a -glance.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p> - -<p>18. Bills are worked in forms of eights. The signatures are made up like the following:</p> - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">Senate bills:</td><td class="tdl">Senate amendments to House bills:</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">S. 2433——2</td><td class="tdl pad3">A. H. R. 4864——2</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Senate resolutions:</td><td class="tdl">House bills:</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">S. R. 196——2</td><td class="tdl pad3">H. R. 2142——3</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Senate Mis. Docs.:</td><td class="tdl">House resolutions:</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">S. Mis. 24——2</td><td class="tdl pad3">H. Res. 194——3</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p>19. When a bill is reprinted on account of some error or change, an asterisk is used at the foot of -the first page. When more than one signature is reprinted, the asterisk follows the signature number.</p> - -<p>20. Committee bills are always confidential. If of more than eight pages the distinguishing signature -must be invented and placed on the first as well as succeeding forms. There are usually several -prints of committee bills, each of which must be distinguished by serial additions to the signature, as -A, B, C, etc.</p> - -<p>21. Every paragraph which has been overrun in correcting must be read aloud by copyholder from -the proof sheet, which must be followed literally.</p> - -</div> - - -<p class="p2 pfs90 pg-brk">SIGNATURE NUMBERS FOR EIGHTS.</p> -<p class="p1" /> - -<div class="center fs80 bbox no-brk"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="99%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdr">1</td><td class="tdr smcap">Title</td><td class="tdr bl">26</td><td class="tdr">201</td><td class="tdr bl">51</td><td class="tdr">401</td> - <td class="tdr bl">76</td><td class="tdr">601</td><td class="tdr bl">101</td><td class="tdr">801</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">2</td><td class="tdr">9</td><td class="tdr bl">27</td><td class="tdr">209</td><td class="tdr bl">52</td><td class="tdr">409</td> - <td class="tdr bl">77</td><td class="tdr">609</td><td class="tdr bl">102</td><td class="tdr">809</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">3</td><td class="tdr">17</td><td class="tdr bl">28</td><td class="tdr">217</td><td class="tdr bl">53</td><td class="tdr">417</td> - <td class="tdr bl">78</td><td class="tdr">617</td><td class="tdr bl">103</td><td class="tdr">817</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">4</td><td class="tdr">25</td><td class="tdr bl">29</td><td class="tdr">225</td><td class="tdr bl">54</td><td class="tdr">425</td> - <td class="tdr bl">79</td><td class="tdr">625</td><td class="tdr bl">104</td><td class="tdr">825</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">5</td><td class="tdr">33</td><td class="tdr bl">30</td><td class="tdr">233</td><td class="tdr bl">55</td><td class="tdr">433</td> - <td class="tdr bl">80</td><td class="tdr">633</td><td class="tdr bl">105</td><td class="tdr">833</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">6</td><td class="tdr">41</td><td class="tdr bl">31</td><td class="tdr">241</td><td class="tdr bl">56</td><td class="tdr">441</td> - <td class="tdr bl">81</td><td class="tdr">641</td><td class="tdr bl">106</td><td class="tdr">841</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">7</td><td class="tdr">49</td><td class="tdr bl">32</td><td class="tdr">249</td><td class="tdr bl">57</td><td class="tdr">449</td> - <td class="tdr bl">82</td><td class="tdr">649</td><td class="tdr bl">107</td><td class="tdr">849</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">8</td><td class="tdr">57</td><td class="tdr bl">33</td><td class="tdr">257</td><td class="tdr bl">58</td><td class="tdr">457</td> - <td class="tdr bl">83</td><td class="tdr">657</td><td class="tdr bl">108</td><td class="tdr">857</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">9</td><td class="tdr">65</td><td class="tdr bl">34</td><td class="tdr">265</td><td class="tdr bl">59</td><td class="tdr">465</td> - <td class="tdr bl">84</td><td class="tdr">665</td><td class="tdr bl">109</td><td class="tdr">865</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">10</td><td class="tdr">73</td><td class="tdr bl">35</td><td class="tdr">273</td><td class="tdr bl">60</td><td class="tdr">473</td> - <td class="tdr bl">85</td><td class="tdr">673</td><td class="tdr bl">110</td><td class="tdr">873</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">11</td><td class="tdr">81</td><td class="tdr bl">36</td><td class="tdr">281</td><td class="tdr bl">61</td><td class="tdr">481</td> - <td class="tdr bl">86</td><td class="tdr">681</td><td class="tdr bl">111</td><td class="tdr">881</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">12</td><td class="tdr">89</td><td class="tdr bl">37</td><td class="tdr">289</td><td class="tdr bl">62</td><td class="tdr">489</td> - <td class="tdr bl">87</td><td class="tdr">689</td><td class="tdr bl">112</td><td class="tdr">889</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">13</td><td class="tdr">97</td><td class="tdr bl">38</td><td class="tdr">297</td><td class="tdr bl">63</td><td class="tdr">497</td> - <td class="tdr bl">88</td><td class="tdr">697</td><td class="tdr bl">113</td><td class="tdr">897</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">14</td><td class="tdr">105</td><td class="tdr bl">39</td><td class="tdr">305</td><td class="tdr bl">64</td><td class="tdr">505</td> - <td class="tdr bl">89</td><td class="tdr">705</td><td class="tdr bl">114</td><td class="tdr">905</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">15</td><td class="tdr">113</td><td class="tdr bl">40</td><td class="tdr">313</td><td class="tdr bl">65</td><td class="tdr">513</td> - <td class="tdr bl">90</td><td class="tdr">713</td><td class="tdr bl">115</td><td class="tdr">913</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">16</td><td class="tdr">121</td><td class="tdr bl">41</td><td class="tdr">321</td><td class="tdr bl">66</td><td class="tdr">521</td> - <td class="tdr bl">91</td><td class="tdr">721</td><td class="tdr bl">116</td><td class="tdr">921</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">17</td><td class="tdr">129</td><td class="tdr bl">42</td><td class="tdr">329</td><td class="tdr bl">67</td><td class="tdr">529</td> - <td class="tdr bl">92</td><td class="tdr">729</td><td class="tdr bl">117</td><td class="tdr">929</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">18</td><td class="tdr">137</td><td class="tdr bl">43</td><td class="tdr">337</td><td class="tdr bl">68</td><td class="tdr">537</td> - <td class="tdr bl">93</td><td class="tdr">737</td><td class="tdr bl">118</td><td class="tdr">937</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">19</td><td class="tdr">145</td><td class="tdr bl">44</td><td class="tdr">345</td><td class="tdr bl">69</td><td class="tdr">545</td> - <td class="tdr bl">94</td><td class="tdr">745</td><td class="tdr bl">119</td><td class="tdr">945</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">20</td><td class="tdr">153</td><td class="tdr bl">45</td><td class="tdr">353</td><td class="tdr bl">70</td><td class="tdr">553</td> - <td class="tdr bl">95</td><td class="tdr">753</td><td class="tdr bl">120</td><td class="tdr">953</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">21</td><td class="tdr">161</td><td class="tdr bl">46</td><td class="tdr">361</td><td class="tdr bl">71</td><td class="tdr">561</td> - <td class="tdr bl">96</td><td class="tdr">761</td><td class="tdr bl">121</td><td class="tdr">961</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">22</td><td class="tdr">169</td><td class="tdr bl">47</td><td class="tdr">369</td><td class="tdr bl">72</td><td class="tdr">569</td> - <td class="tdr bl">97</td><td class="tdr">769</td><td class="tdr bl">122</td><td class="tdr">969</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">23</td><td class="tdr">177</td><td class="tdr bl">48</td><td class="tdr">377</td><td class="tdr bl">73</td><td class="tdr">577</td> - <td class="tdr bl">98</td><td class="tdr">777</td><td class="tdr bl">123</td><td class="tdr">977</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">24</td><td class="tdr">185</td><td class="tdr bl">49</td><td class="tdr">385</td><td class="tdr bl">74</td><td class="tdr">585</td> - <td class="tdr bl">99</td><td class="tdr">785</td><td class="tdr bl">124</td><td class="tdr">985</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">25</td><td class="tdr">193</td><td class="tdr bl">50</td><td class="tdr">393</td><td class="tdr bl">75</td><td class="tdr">593</td> - <td class="tdr bl">100</td><td class="tdr">793</td><td class="tdr bl">125</td><td class="tdr">993</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p2 pfs90 pg-brk">SIGNATURE NUMBERS FOR SIXTEENS.</p> -<p class="p1" /> - -<div class="center fs80 bbox no-brk"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="99%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdr">1</td><td class="tdr smcap">Title</td><td class="tdr bl">39</td><td class="tdr">609</td><td class="tdr bl">77</td><td class="tdr">1217</td> - <td class="tdr bl">115</td><td class="tdr">1825</td><td class="tdr bl">153</td><td class="tdr">2433</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">2</td><td class="tdr">17</td><td class="tdr bl">40</td><td class="tdr">625</td><td class="tdr bl">78</td><td class="tdr">1233</td> - <td class="tdr bl">116</td><td class="tdr">1841</td><td class="tdr bl">154</td><td class="tdr">2449</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">3</td><td class="tdr">33</td><td class="tdr bl">41</td><td class="tdr">641</td><td class="tdr bl">79</td><td class="tdr">1249</td> - <td class="tdr bl">117</td><td class="tdr">1857</td><td class="tdr bl">155</td><td class="tdr">2465</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">4</td><td class="tdr">49</td><td class="tdr bl">42</td><td class="tdr">657</td><td class="tdr bl">80</td><td class="tdr">1265</td> - <td class="tdr bl">118</td><td class="tdr">1873</td><td class="tdr bl">156</td><td class="tdr">2481</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">5</td><td class="tdr">65</td><td class="tdr bl">43</td><td class="tdr">673</td><td class="tdr bl">81</td><td class="tdr">1281</td> - <td class="tdr bl">119</td><td class="tdr">1889</td><td class="tdr bl">157</td><td class="tdr">2497</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">6</td><td class="tdr">81</td><td class="tdr bl">44</td><td class="tdr">689</td><td class="tdr bl">82</td><td class="tdr">1297</td> - <td class="tdr bl">120</td><td class="tdr">1905</td><td class="tdr bl">158</td><td class="tdr">2513</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">7</td><td class="tdr">97</td><td class="tdr bl">45</td><td class="tdr">705</td><td class="tdr bl">83</td><td class="tdr">1313</td> - <td class="tdr bl">121</td><td class="tdr">1921</td><td class="tdr bl">159</td><td class="tdr">2529</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">8</td><td class="tdr">113</td><td class="tdr bl">46</td><td class="tdr">721</td><td class="tdr bl">84</td><td class="tdr">1329</td> - <td class="tdr bl">122</td><td class="tdr">1937</td><td class="tdr bl">160</td><td class="tdr">2545</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">9</td><td class="tdr">129</td><td class="tdr bl">47</td><td class="tdr">737</td><td class="tdr bl">85</td><td class="tdr">1345</td> - <td class="tdr bl">123</td><td class="tdr">1953</td><td class="tdr bl">161</td><td class="tdr">2561</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">10</td><td class="tdr">145</td><td class="tdr bl">48</td><td class="tdr">753</td><td class="tdr bl">86</td><td class="tdr">1361</td> - <td class="tdr bl">124</td><td class="tdr">1969</td><td class="tdr bl">162</td><td class="tdr">2577</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">11</td><td class="tdr">161</td><td class="tdr bl">49</td><td class="tdr">769</td><td class="tdr bl">87</td><td class="tdr">1377</td> - <td class="tdr bl">125</td><td class="tdr">1985</td><td class="tdr bl">163</td><td class="tdr">2593</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">12</td><td class="tdr">177</td><td class="tdr bl">50</td><td class="tdr">785</td><td class="tdr bl">88</td><td class="tdr">1393</td> - <td class="tdr bl">126</td><td class="tdr">2001</td><td class="tdr bl">164</td><td class="tdr">2609</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">13</td><td class="tdr">193</td><td class="tdr bl">51</td><td class="tdr">801</td><td class="tdr bl">89</td><td class="tdr">1409</td> - <td class="tdr bl">127</td><td class="tdr">2017</td><td class="tdr bl">165</td><td class="tdr">2625</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">14</td><td class="tdr">209</td><td class="tdr bl">52</td><td class="tdr">817</td><td class="tdr bl">90</td><td class="tdr">1425</td> - <td class="tdr bl">128</td><td class="tdr">2033</td><td class="tdr bl">166</td><td class="tdr">2641</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">15</td><td class="tdr">225</td><td class="tdr bl">53</td><td class="tdr">833</td><td class="tdr bl">91</td><td class="tdr">1441</td> - <td class="tdr bl">129</td><td class="tdr">2049</td><td class="tdr bl">167</td><td class="tdr">2657</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">16</td><td class="tdr">241</td><td class="tdr bl">54</td><td class="tdr">849</td><td class="tdr bl">92</td><td class="tdr">1457</td> - <td class="tdr bl">130</td><td class="tdr">2065</td><td class="tdr bl">168</td><td class="tdr">2673</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">17</td><td class="tdr">257</td><td class="tdr bl">55</td><td class="tdr">865</td><td class="tdr bl">93</td><td class="tdr">1473</td> - <td class="tdr bl">131</td><td class="tdr">2081</td><td class="tdr bl">169</td><td class="tdr">2689</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">18</td><td class="tdr">273</td><td class="tdr bl">56</td><td class="tdr">881</td><td class="tdr bl">94</td><td class="tdr">1489</td> - <td class="tdr bl">132</td><td class="tdr">2097</td><td class="tdr bl">170</td><td class="tdr">2705</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">19</td><td class="tdr">289</td><td class="tdr bl">57</td><td class="tdr">897</td><td class="tdr bl">95</td><td class="tdr">1505</td> - <td class="tdr bl">133</td><td class="tdr">2113</td><td class="tdr bl">171</td><td class="tdr">2721</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">20</td><td class="tdr">305</td><td class="tdr bl">58</td><td class="tdr">913</td><td class="tdr bl">96</td><td class="tdr">1521</td> - <td class="tdr bl">134</td><td class="tdr">2129</td><td class="tdr bl">172</td><td class="tdr">2737</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">21</td><td class="tdr">321</td><td class="tdr bl">59</td><td class="tdr">929</td><td class="tdr bl">97</td><td class="tdr">1537</td> - <td class="tdr bl">135</td><td class="tdr">2145</td><td class="tdr bl">173</td><td class="tdr">2753</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">22</td><td class="tdr">337</td><td class="tdr bl">60</td><td class="tdr">945</td><td class="tdr bl">98</td><td class="tdr">1553</td> - <td class="tdr bl">136</td><td class="tdr">2161</td><td class="tdr bl">174</td><td class="tdr">2769</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">23</td><td class="tdr">353</td><td class="tdr bl">61</td><td class="tdr">961</td><td class="tdr bl">99</td><td class="tdr">1569</td> - <td class="tdr bl">137</td><td class="tdr">2177</td><td class="tdr bl">175</td><td class="tdr">2785</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">24</td><td class="tdr">369</td><td class="tdr bl">62</td><td class="tdr">977</td><td class="tdr bl">100</td><td class="tdr">1585</td> - <td class="tdr bl">138</td><td class="tdr">2193</td><td class="tdr bl">176</td><td class="tdr">2801</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">25</td><td class="tdr">385</td><td class="tdr bl">63</td><td class="tdr">993</td><td class="tdr bl">101</td><td class="tdr">1601</td> - <td class="tdr bl">139</td><td class="tdr">2209</td><td class="tdr bl">177</td><td class="tdr">2817</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">26</td><td class="tdr">401</td><td class="tdr bl">64</td><td class="tdr">1009</td><td class="tdr bl">102</td><td class="tdr">1617</td> - <td class="tdr bl">140</td><td class="tdr">2225</td><td class="tdr bl">178</td><td class="tdr">2833</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">27</td><td class="tdr">417</td><td class="tdr bl">65</td><td class="tdr">1025</td><td class="tdr bl">103</td><td class="tdr">1633</td> - <td class="tdr bl">141</td><td class="tdr">2241</td><td class="tdr bl">179</td><td class="tdr">2849</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">28</td><td class="tdr">433</td><td class="tdr bl">66</td><td class="tdr">1041</td><td class="tdr bl">104</td><td class="tdr">1649</td> - <td class="tdr bl">142</td><td class="tdr">2257</td><td class="tdr bl">180</td><td class="tdr">2865</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">29</td><td class="tdr">449</td><td class="tdr bl">67</td><td class="tdr">1057</td><td class="tdr bl">105</td><td class="tdr">1665</td> - <td class="tdr bl">143</td><td class="tdr">2273</td><td class="tdr bl">181</td><td class="tdr">2881</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">30</td><td class="tdr">465</td><td class="tdr bl">68</td><td class="tdr">1073</td><td class="tdr bl">106</td><td class="tdr">1681</td> - <td class="tdr bl">144</td><td class="tdr">2289</td><td class="tdr bl">182</td><td class="tdr">2897</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">31</td><td class="tdr">481</td><td class="tdr bl">69</td><td class="tdr">1089</td><td class="tdr bl">107</td><td class="tdr">1697</td> - <td class="tdr bl">145</td><td class="tdr">2305</td><td class="tdr bl">183</td><td class="tdr">2913</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">32</td><td class="tdr">497</td><td class="tdr bl">70</td><td class="tdr">1105</td><td class="tdr bl">108</td><td class="tdr">1713</td> - <td class="tdr bl">146</td><td class="tdr">2321</td><td class="tdr bl">184</td><td class="tdr">2929</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">33</td><td class="tdr">513</td><td class="tdr bl">71</td><td class="tdr">1121</td><td class="tdr bl">109</td><td class="tdr">1729</td> - <td class="tdr bl">147</td><td class="tdr">2337</td><td class="tdr bl">185</td><td class="tdr">2945</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">34</td><td class="tdr">529</td><td class="tdr bl">72</td><td class="tdr">1137</td><td class="tdr bl">110</td><td class="tdr">1745</td> - <td class="tdr bl">148</td><td class="tdr">2353</td><td class="tdr bl">186</td><td class="tdr">2961</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">35</td><td class="tdr">545</td><td class="tdr bl">73</td><td class="tdr">1153</td><td class="tdr bl">111</td><td class="tdr">1761</td> - <td class="tdr bl">149</td><td class="tdr">2369</td><td class="tdr bl">187</td><td class="tdr">2977</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">36</td><td class="tdr">561</td><td class="tdr bl">74</td><td class="tdr">1169</td><td class="tdr bl">112</td><td class="tdr">1777</td> - <td class="tdr bl">150</td><td class="tdr">2385</td><td class="tdr bl">188</td><td class="tdr">2993</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">37</td><td class="tdr">577</td><td class="tdr bl">75</td><td class="tdr">1185</td><td class="tdr bl">113</td><td class="tdr">1793</td> - <td class="tdr bl">151</td><td class="tdr">2401</td><td class="tdr bl">189</td><td class="tdr">3009</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr">38</td><td class="tdr">593</td><td class="tdr bl">76</td><td class="tdr">1201</td><td class="tdr bl">114</td><td class="tdr">1809</td> - <td class="tdr bl">152</td><td class="tdr">2417</td><td class="tdr bl">190</td><td class="tdr">3025</td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs150 pg-brk">APPENDIX.</p> - -<h2><a name="STANDARD_PAGE_MEASUREMENTS" id="STANDARD_PAGE_MEASUREMENTS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS.</a></h2> - -<p class="pad3 fs80"> - Key for headings:<br /> - A = Pica.<br /> - B = Small pica, old style.<br /> - C = Long primer.<br /> - D = Long primer, old style.<br /> - E = Brevier.<br /> - F = Brevier, old style.<br /> - G = Nonpareil.<br /> - H = Nonpareil, old style.<br /> - I = Brevier.<br /> - J = Nonpareil.<br /> - K = Brevier.<br /> - L = L.primer.<br /> - M = Pica.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="center fs70"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="99%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc medium pad4" colspan="8">WIDTH OF PAGE.</td> - <td class="tdc bl bt" colspan="2">Record<br />type.</td><td class="tdc bl bt" colspan="3">Bulletins Bureau<br />of American<br />Republics.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td> - <td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td> - <td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdlx">A</td><td class="tdlx">B</td><td class="tdlx">C</td><td class="tdlx">D</td> - <td class="tdlx">E</td><td class="tdlx">F</td><td class="tdlx">G</td><td class="tdlx">H</td> - <td class="tdlx">I</td><td class="tdlx">J</td><td class="tdlx">K</td><td class="tdlx">L</td><td class="tdlx">M</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td> - <td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td> - <td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Census</td><td class="tdlx">42</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">53</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">66½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">84</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">65</td><td class="tdlx">85½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Quarto</td><td class="tdlx">36</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">45½</td><td class="tdlx">45½</td> - <td class="tdlx">57</td><td class="tdlx">55¼</td><td class="tdlx">72</td><td class="tdlx">72¾</td> - <td class="tdlx">55½</td><td class="tdlx">73½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Statutes</td><td class="tdlx">32</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">40½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">50⅔</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">64</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">49½</td><td class="tdlx">65½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Prof. papers (new)</td><td class="tdlx">31½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">39½</td><td class="tdlx">39½</td> - <td class="tdlx">50</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">63</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">48½</td><td class="tdlx">64</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Document</td><td class="tdlx">26</td><td class="tdlx">30</td><td class="tdlx">33</td><td class="tdlx">33</td> - <td class="tdlx">41¼</td><td class="tdlx">39½</td><td class="tdlx">52</td><td class="tdlx">52¾</td> - <td class="tdlx">40</td><td class="tdlx">52¾</td><td class="tdlx">40</td><td class="tdlx">32⅔</td><td class="tdlx">26⅖</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Court decisions<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">12mo</td><td class="tdlx">22</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">28</td><td class="tdlx">28</td> - <td class="tdlx">35</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">44</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Law<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></td> - <td class="tdlx">21½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">27¼</td><td class="tdlx">27¼</td> - <td class="tdlx">34⅓</td><td class="tdlx">33¼</td><td class="tdlx">43</td><td class="tdlx">43¾</td> - <td class="tdlx">33</td><td class="tdlx">43½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">General order</td><td class="tdlx">20¼</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">25½</td><td class="tdlx">25½</td> - <td class="tdlx">32</td><td class="tdlx">31¼</td><td class="tdlx">40½</td><td class="tdlx">41¼</td> - <td class="tdlx">31⅓</td><td class="tdlx">41¼</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Record<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></td> - <td class="tdlx">20⅞</td><td class="tdlx">24</td><td class="tdlx">26⅓</td><td class="tdlx">26⅓</td> - <td class="tdlx">33</td><td class="tdlx">33</td><td class="tdlx">41½</td><td class="tdlx">41½</td> - <td class="tdlx">32</td><td class="tdlx">42¼</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td> - <td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td> - <td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc medium" colspan="12">LENGTH OF PAGE.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl tdpp"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td> - <td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td> - <td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td><td class="bt"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Census</td><td class="tdlx">58</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">72</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">91</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">116</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">88</td><td class="tdlx">116</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Quarto</td><td class="tdlx">52</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">65</td><td class="tdlx">65</td> - <td class="tdlx">82</td><td class="tdlx">80¼</td><td class="tdlx">104</td><td class="tdlx">106</td> - <td class="tdlx">80</td><td class="tdlx">106</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Statutes</td><td class="tdlx">50</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">62½</td><td class="tdlx">62½</td> - <td class="tdlx">78½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">100</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">76</td><td class="tdlx">100</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Prof. papers (new)</td><td class="tdlx">44⅔</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">56½</td><td class="tdlx">56½</td> - <td class="tdlx">71</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">89⅓</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">69</td><td class="tdlx">91</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Document</td><td class="tdlx">44¼</td><td class="tdc bl">{51½}</td><td class="tdlx">56</td><td class="tdlx">56</td> - <td class="tdlx">70¼</td><td class="tdlx">68⅓</td><td class="tdlx">88½</td><td class="tdlx">90</td> - <td class="tdlx">68</td><td class="tdlx">90</td><td class="tdlx">58¾</td><td class="tdlx">48</td><td class="tdlx">38¾</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx" colspan="2">{44⅕}<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx"><a name="FNanchor_5a_5a" id="FNanchor_5a_5a"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></td> - <td class="tdlx"><a name="FNanchor_5b_5b" id="FNanchor_5b_5b"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></td> - <td class="tdlx"><a name="FNanchor_5c_5c" id="FNanchor_5c_5c"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Court decisions</td><td class="tdlx">40½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">50½</td><td class="tdlx">50½</td> - <td class="tdlx">64</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">81</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">12mo</td><td class="tdlx">40</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">49¾</td><td class="tdlx">50</td> - <td class="tdlx">62½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">80</td><td class="tdlx">--</td> - <td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Law<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></td> - <td class="tdlx">44¼</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">56</td><td class="tdlx">56</td> - <td class="tdlx">70</td><td class="tdlx">68⅓</td><td class="tdlx">88½</td><td class="tdlx">90</td> - <td class="tdlx">61</td><td class="tdlx">81</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">General order</td><td class="tdlx">31½</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">40</td><td class="tdlx">40</td> - <td class="tdlx">50</td><td class="tdlx">48¾</td><td class="tdlx">63</td><td class="tdlx">63</td> - <td class="tdlx">49</td><td class="tdlx">63</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Record</td><td class="tdlx">58</td><td class="tdlx">65</td><td class="tdlx">72</td><td class="tdlx">72</td> - <td class="tdlx">89</td><td class="tdlx">89</td><td class="tdlx">113</td><td class="tdlx">113</td> - <td class="tdlx">87</td><td class="tdlx">114</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td><td class="tdlx">--</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td> - <td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td> - <td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td><td class="bb"></td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The same width as document, indented 2 ems -primer on each side.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Text only.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Width of column.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Does not include head or foot slug.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Bulletins Bureau of American Republics in length.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> When made up with side notes.</p></div></div> - - -<h2><a name="SIGNS" id="SIGNS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">SIGNS.</a><br /> -<span class="small">MATHEMATICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, AND PHYSICAL.</span></h2> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i_39b.jpg" width="650" alt="" /> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="GREEK_ALPHABET" id="GREEK_ALPHABET"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">GREEK ALPHABET.</a></h2> - -<div class="bbox"> -<div class="center bbox"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdc wd15">CAPS.</td><td class="tdc bl wd20">LOWER CASE.</td> - <td class="tdc bl wd40">GREEK SOUND.</td><td class="tdc bl wd45">ENGLISH SOUND.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bt"></td><td class="bl bt"></td><td class="bl bt"></td><td class="bl bt"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Α</td><td class="tdly">α</td><td class="tdly">Alpha.</td><td class="tdly">A.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Β</td><td class="tdly">β ϐ</td><td class="tdly">Beta.</td><td class="tdly">B.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Γ</td><td class="tdly">γ</td><td class="tdly">Gamma.</td><td class="tdly">G.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Δ</td><td class="tdly">δ</td><td class="tdly">Delta.</td><td class="tdly">D.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ε</td><td class="tdly">ε ϵ</td><td class="tdly">Epsilon.</td><td class="tdly">E short.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ζ</td><td class="tdly">ζ <img class="glyph" src="images/zeta-v1.jpg" alt="" /> <img class="glyph" src="images/zeta-v2.jpg" alt="" /></td> - <td class="tdly">Zeta.</td><td class="tdly">Z.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Η</td><td class="tdly">η</td><td class="tdly">Eta.</td><td class="tdly">E long.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Θ</td><td class="tdly">θ ϑ</td><td class="tdly">Theta.</td><td class="tdly">Th.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ι</td><td class="tdly">ι</td><td class="tdly">Iota.</td><td class="tdly">I.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Κ</td><td class="tdly">κ ϰ</td><td class="tdly">Kappa.</td><td class="tdly">K.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Λ</td><td class="tdly">λ</td><td class="tdly">Lambda.</td><td class="tdly">L.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Μ</td><td class="tdly">μ</td><td class="tdly">Mu.</td><td class="tdly">M.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ν</td><td class="tdly">ν</td><td class="tdly">Nu.</td><td class="tdly">N.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ξ</td><td class="tdly">ξ</td><td class="tdly">Xi.</td><td class="tdly">X.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ο</td><td class="tdly">ο</td><td class="tdly">Omicron.</td><td class="tdly">O short.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Π</td><td class="tdly">π ϖ</td><td class="tdly">Pi.</td><td class="tdly">P.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ρ</td><td class="tdly">ρ</td><td class="tdly">Rho.</td><td class="tdly">R.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Σ</td><td class="tdly">σ ς</td><td class="tdly">Sigma.</td><td class="tdly">S.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Τ</td><td class="tdly">τ</td><td class="tdly">Tau.</td><td class="tdly">T.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Υ</td><td class="tdly">υ</td><td class="tdly">Upsilon.</td><td class="tdly">U.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Φ</td><td class="tdly">φ ϕ</td><td class="tdly">Phi.</td><td class="tdly">F.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Χ</td><td class="tdly">χ</td><td class="tdly">Chi.</td><td class="tdly">Ch.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ψ</td><td class="tdly"><img class="glyph" src="images/psi-v.jpg" alt="" /> ψ</td><td class="tdly">Psi.</td><td class="tdly">Ps.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Ω</td><td class="tdly">ω</td><td class="tdly">Omega.</td><td class="tdly">O long.</td></tr> -</table></div> -</div> - - -<p class="p3" /> -<h2><a name="GREEK_CASE" id="GREEK_CASE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">GREEK CASE.</a></h2> - - <div class="screenonly"> -<div class="bbox"> -<div class="center bbox"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdc tdpp">Σ</td><td class="tdcx">Ρ</td><td class="tdcx">Π</td><td class="tdcx">Ο</td><td class="tdcx">Ξ</td><td class="tdcx">Ν</td><td class="tdcx"> </td><td class="tdc"> </td><td class="tdcx bll">Α</td><td class="tdcx">Β</td><td class="tdcx">Γ</td><td class="tdcx">Δ</td><td class="tdcx">Ε</td><td class="tdcx">Ζ</td><td class="tdcx">Η</td><td class="tdcx">Θ</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx"></td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bll bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc tdpp">Τ</td><td class="tdcx">β</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">γ</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">δ</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2">ε</td><td class="tdc bll" colspan="2" rowspan="3">ι</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">σ ς</td><td class="tdcx">ζ</td><td class="tdcx" rowspan="3">ξ</td><td class="tdcx">Κ</td><td class="tdcx">Ι</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"><img class="glyph" src="images/zeta-v1.jpg" alt="" /></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc tdpp bt">Υ</td><td class="tdc bl">ϐ</td><td class="tdc bl" colspan="2">ϵ</td><td class="tdcx"><img class="glyph" src="images/zeta-v2.jpg" alt="" /></td><td class="tdcx bt">Λ</td><td class="tdcx bt">Μ</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdc bll bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">Φ</td><td class="tdcx" rowspan="3">λ</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">μ</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">ν</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">η</td><td class="tdcx bll" colspan="2" rowspan="3">ο</td><td class="tdcx">ϑ</td><td class="tdcx">π</td><td class="tdcx">φ</td><td class="tdcx" rowspan="3">χ</td><td class="tdcx">ψ</td><td class="tdcx" rowspan="3">ω</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc tdpp bt">Χ</td><td class="tdcx">θ</td><td class="tdcx">ϖ</td><td class="tdcx">ϕ</td><td class="tdcx"><img class="glyph" src="images/psi-v.jpg" alt="" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdc bll bb"></td><td class="tdc bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td><td class="tdcx bb"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">Ψ</td><td class="tdcx">κ</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">υ</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">τ</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3"></td><td class="tdcx bll" colspan="2" rowspan="3">α</td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3">ρ</td><td class="tdcx"></td><td class="tdcx"></td><td class="tdcx" colspan="2" rowspan="3"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc tdpp bt">Ω</td><td class="tdcx">ϰ</td><td class="tdcx bt"></td><td class="tdcx bt"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bll"></td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td><td class="tdc bl"></td></tr> -</table></div> -</div> - </div> - - <div class="handonly"> -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i_40b.jpg" width="650" alt="" /> -</div> - </div> - -<p class="p3" /> -<h2><a name="PRINCIPAL_GREEK_ACCENTS" id="PRINCIPAL_GREEK_ACCENTS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">PRINCIPAL GREEK ACCENTS.</a></h2> - -<div class="bbox"> -<div class="center bbox"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdc"> ὶ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ί </td><td class="tdc bl"> ῖ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ἱ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ἰ </td> -<td class="tdc bl"> ἵ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ἳ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ἴ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ἲ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ἷ </td> -<td class="tdc bl"> ἶ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ϊ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ΐ </td><td class="tdc bl"> ῒ </td></tr> -</table></div> -</div> - - -<div class="transnote pg-brk"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> -<a name="TN" id="TN"></a> - -<p>The only Footnotes in the book refer to the first Table on <a href="#Page_39">pg 39</a> and have -been kept at the bottom of that Table.</p> - -<p>The ‘STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS’ Table on <a href="#Page_39">pg 39</a> had vertical column -headings, which have been replaced by keys A to M and a key list.</p> - -<p>The ‘GREEK ALPHABET’ Table on <a href="#Page_40">pg 40</a> has three lower-case letter -variants (two for zeta and one for psi) that have no modern representation -in Unicode, and an image of the glyph is given in their place.</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been -corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within -the text and consultation of external sources.</p> - -<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, -and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.</p> - -<p> -<a href="#Page_24">Pg 24</a>, ‘even. length’ replaced by ‘even-length’.<br /> -<a href="#Page_31">Pg 31</a>, ‘itsert in lieu’ replaced by ‘insert in lieu’.<br /> -</p> -</div> - - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Manual of Style governing Composition -and Proof Reading in the Government P, by United States Government Printing Office - 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