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+The Project Gutenberg EBook An Egyptian Princess,  by Georg Ebers, v3
+#14 in our series by Georg Ebers
+
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+Title: An Egyptian Princess, Volume 3.
+
+Author: Georg Ebers
+
+Release Date: April, 2004  [EBook #5452]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on May 7, 2002]
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS, BY EBERS, V3 ***
+
+
+
+This eBook was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
+
+
+
+[NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the
+file for those who may wish to sample the author's ideas before making an
+entire meal of them.  D.W.]
+
+
+
+
+
+AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS, Part 1.
+
+By Georg Ebers
+
+Volume 3.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+Psamtik went at once from his father's apartments to the temple of the
+goddess Neith.  At the entrance he asked for the high-priest and was
+begged by one of the inferior priests to wait, as the great Neithotep
+was at that moment praying in the holiest sanctuary of the exalted Queen
+of Heaven.
+
+     [The temples of Egypt were so constructed as to intensify the
+     devotion of the worshipper by conducting him onward through a series
+     of halls or chambers gradually diminishing in size.  "The way
+     through these temples is clearly indicated, no digression is
+     allowed, no error possible.  We wander on through the huge and
+     massive gates of entrance, between the ranks of sacred animals.  The
+     worshipper is received into an ample court, but by degrees the walls
+     on either side approach one another, the halls become less lofty,
+     all is gradually tending towards one point.  And thus we wander on,
+     the sights and sounds of God's world without attract us no longer,
+     we see nothing but the sacred representations which encompass us so
+     closely, feel only the solemnity of the temple in which we stand.
+     And the consecrated walls embrace us ever more and more closely,
+     until at last we reach the lonely, resonant chamber occupied by the
+     divinity himself, and entered by no human being save his priest."
+     Schnaase, Kunstaeschirhtc I. 394.]
+
+After a short time a young priest appeared with the intelligence that his
+superior awaited the Prince's visit.  Psamtik had seated himself under
+the shadow of the sacred grove of silver poplars bordering the shores of
+the consecrated lake, holy to the great Neith.  He rose immediately,
+crossed the temple-court, paved with stone and asphalte, on which the
+sun's rays were darting like fiery arrows, and turned into one of the
+long avenues of Sphinxes which led to the isolated Pylons before the
+gigantic temple of the goddess.  He then passed through the principal
+gate, ornamented, as were all Egyptian temple-entrances, with the winged
+sun's disc.  Above its widely-opened folding doors arose on either side,
+tower-like buildings, slender obelisks and waving flags.  The front of
+the temple, rising from the earth in the form of an obtuse angle, had
+somewhat the appearance of a fortress, and was covered with colored
+pictures and inscriptions.  Through the porch Psamtik passed on into a
+lofty entrance-chamber, and from thence into the great hall itself, the
+ceiling of which was strewn with thousands of golden stars, and supported
+by four rows of lofty pillars.  Their capitals were carved in imitation
+of the lotus-flower, and these, the shafts of the columns, the walls of
+this huge hall, and indeed every niche and corner that met the eye were
+covered with brilliant colors and hieroglyphics.  The columns rose to a
+gigantic height, the eye seemed to wander through immeasurable space, and
+the air breathed by the worshippers was heavy with the fragrance of Kyphi
+and incense, and the odors which arose from the laboratory attached to
+the temple.  Strains of soft music, proceeding from invisible hands,
+flowed on unceasingly, only occasionally interrupted by the deep lowing
+of the sacred cows of Isis, or the shrill call of the sparrow-hawk of
+Horus, whose habitations were in one of the adjoining halls.  No sooner
+did the prolonged low of a cow break like distant thunder on the ear, or
+the sharp cry of the sparrow-hawk shoot like a flash of lightning through
+the nerves of the worshippers, than each crouching form bent lower still,
+and touched the pavement with his forehead.  On a portion of this
+pavement, raised above the rest, stood the priests, some wearing ostrich-
+feathers on their bald and shining heads; others panther-skins over their
+white-robed shoulders.  Muttering and singing, bowing low and rising
+again, they swung the censers and poured libations of pure water to the
+gods out of golden vessels.  In this immense temple man seemed a dwarf in
+his own eyes.  All his senses even to the organs of respiration, were
+occupied by objects far removed from daily life, objects that thrilled
+and almost oppressed him.  Snatched from all that was familiar in his
+daily existence, he seemed to grow dizzy and seek support beyond himself.
+To this the voice of the priests directed him and the cries of the sacred
+animals were believed to prove a divinity at hand.
+
+Psamtik assumed the posture of a worshipper on the low, gilded and
+cushioned couch set apart for him, but was unable to pay any real
+devotion, and passed on to the adjoining apartment before mentioned,
+where the sacred cows of Isis-Neith and the sparrow-hawk of Horus were
+kept.  These creatures were concealed from the gaze of the worshippers by
+a curtain of rich fabric embroidered with gold; the people were only
+allowed an occasional and distant glimpse of the adorable animals.  When
+Psamtik passed they were just being fed; cakes soaked in milk, salt and
+clover-blossoms were placed in golden cribs for the cows, and small birds
+of many-colored plumage in the beautifully-wrought and ornamented cage of
+the sparrow-hawk.  But, in his present mood, the heir to the throne of
+Egypt had no eye for these rare sights; but ascended at once, by means of
+a hidden staircase, to the chambers lying near the observatory, where the
+high-priest was accustomed to repose after the temple-service.
+
+Neithotep, a man of seventy years, was seated in a splendid apartment.
+Rich Babylonian carpets covered the floor and his chair was of gold,
+cushioned with purple.  A tastefully-carved footstool supported his feet,
+his hands held a roll covered with hieroglyphics, and a boy stood behind
+him with a fan of ostrich-feathers to keep away the insects.
+
+The face of the old man was deeply lined now, but it might once have been
+handsome, and in the large blue eyes there still lay evidence of a quick
+intellect and a dignified self-respect.
+
+His artificial curls had been laid aside, and the bald, smooth head
+formed a strange contrast to the furrowed countenance, giving an
+appearance of unusual height to the forehead, generally so very low among
+the Egyptians.  The brightly-colored walls of the room, on which numerous
+sentences in hieroglyphic characters were painted, the different statues
+of the goddess painted likewise in gay colors, and the snow-white
+garments of the aged priest, were calculated to fill a stranger not
+only with wonder, but with a species of awe.
+
+The old man received the prince with much affection, and asked:
+
+"What brings my illustrious son to the poor servant of the Deity?"
+
+"I have much to report to thee, my father;" answered Psamtik with a
+triumphant smile, "for I come in this moment from Amasis."
+
+"Then he has at length granted thee an audience?"
+
+"At length!"
+
+"Thy countenance tells me that thou hast been favorably received by our
+lord, thy father."
+
+"After having first experienced his wrath.  For, when I laid before him
+the petition with which thou hadst entrusted me, he was exceeding wroth
+and nearly crushed me by his awful words."
+
+"Thou hadst surely grieved him by thy language.  Didst thou approach him
+as I advised thee, with lowliness, as a son humbly beseeching his
+father?"
+
+"No, my father, I was irritated and indignant."
+
+"Then was Amasis right to be wrathful, for never should a son meet his
+father in anger; still less when he hath a request to bring before him.
+Thou know'st the promise, 'The days of him that honoreth his father shall
+be many.'
+
+     [This Egyptian command hears a remarkable resemblance to the fifth
+     in the Hebrew decalogue, both having a promise annexed.  It occurs
+     in the Prisse Papyrus, the most ancient sacred writing extant.]
+
+In this one thing, my scholar, thou errest always; to gain thine ends
+thou usest violence and roughness, where good and gentle words would more
+surely prevail.  A kind word hath far more power than an angry one, and
+much may depend on the way in which a man ordereth his speech.  Hearken
+to that which I will now relate.  In former years there was a king in
+Egypt named Snefru, who ruled in Memphis.  And it came to pass that he
+dreamed, and in his dream his teeth fell out of his mouth.  And he sent
+for the soothsayers and told them the dream.  The first interpreter
+answered: 'Woe unto thee, O king, all thy kinsmen shall die before thee!'
+Then was Snefru wroth, caused this messenger of evil to be scourged, and
+sent for a second interpreter.  He answered: 'O king, live for ever, thy
+life shall be longer than the life of thy kinsmen and the men of thy
+house!'  Then the king smiled and gave presents unto this interpreter,
+for though the interpretations were one, yet he had understood to clothe
+his message in a web of fair and pleasant words.  Apprehendest thou?
+then hearken to my voice, and refrain from harsh words, remembering that
+to the ear of a ruler the manner of a man's speech is weightier than its
+matter."
+
+"Oh my father, how often hast thou thus admonished me!  how often have I
+been convinced of the evil consequences of my rough words and angry
+gestures!  but I cannot change my nature, I cannot .  .  ."
+
+"Say rather: I will not; for he that is indeed a man, dare never again
+commit those sins of which he has once repented.  But I have admonished
+sufficiently.  Tell me now how thou didst calm the wrath of Amasis."
+
+"Thou knowest my father.  When he saw that he had wounded me in the
+depths of my soul by his awful words, he repented him of his anger.  He
+felt he had been too hard, and desired to make amends at any price."
+
+"He hath a kindly heart, but his mind is blinded, and his senses taken
+captive," cried the priest.  "What might not Amasis do for Egypt, would
+he but hearken to our counsel, and to the commandments of the gods!"
+
+"But hear me, my father! in his emotion he granted me the life of
+Phanes!"
+
+"Thine eyes flash, Psamtik! that pleaseth me not.  The Athenian must die,
+for he has offended the gods; but though he that condemns must let
+justice have her way, he should have no pleasure in the death of the
+condemned; rather should he mourn.  Now speak; didst thou obtain aught
+further?"
+
+"The king declared unto me to what house Nitetis belongs."
+
+"And further naught?"
+
+"No, my father; but art thou not eager to learn ... ?"
+
+"Curiosity is a woman's vice; moreover, I have long known all that thou
+canst tell me."
+
+"But didst thou not charge me but yesterday to ask my father this
+question?"
+
+"I did do so to prove thee, and know whether thou wert resigned to the
+Divine will, and wert walking in those ways wherein alone thou canst
+become worthy of initiation into the highest grade of knowledge.
+Thou hast told us faithfully all that thou hast heard, and thereby
+proved that thou canst obey--the first virtue of a priest."
+
+"Thou knewest then the father of Nitetis?"
+
+"I myself pronounced the prayer over king Hophra's tomb."
+
+"But who imparted the secret to thee?"
+
+"The eternal stars, my son, and my skill in reading them."
+
+"And do these stars never deceive?"
+
+"Never him that truly understands them."
+
+Psamtik turned pale.  His father's dream and his own fearful horoscope
+passed like awful visions through his mind.  The priest detected at once
+the change in his features and said gently: "Thou deem'st thyself a lost
+man because the heavens prognosticated evil at thy birth; but take
+comfort, Psamtik; I observed another sign in the heavens at that moment,
+which escaped the notice of the astrologers.  Thy horoscope was a
+threatening, a very threatening one, but its omens may be averted, they
+may .  .  ."
+
+"O tell me, father, tell me how!"
+
+"They must turn to good, if thou, forgetful of all else, canst live alone
+to the gods, paying a ready obedience to the Divine voice audible to us
+their priests alone in the innermost and holiest sanctuary."
+
+"Father, I am ready to obey thy slightest word."
+
+"The great goddess Neith, who rules in Sais, grant this, my son!"
+answered the priest solemnly.  "But now leave me alone," he continued
+kindly, "lengthened devotions and the weight of years bring weariness.
+If possible, delay the death of Phanes, I wish to speak with him before
+he dies.  Yet one more word.  A troop of Ethiopians arrived yesterday.
+These men cannot speak a word of Greek, and under a faithful leader,
+acquainted with the Athenians and the locality, they would be the best
+agents for getting rid of the doomed man, as their ignorance of the
+language and the circumstances render treachery or gossip impossible.
+Before starting for Naukratis, they must know nothing of the design of
+their journey; the deed once accomplished, we can send them back to
+Kush.--[The Egyptian name for Ethiopia.]  Remember, a secret can never be
+too carefully kept!  Farewell."  Psamtik had only left the room a few
+moments, when a young priest entered, one of the king's attendants.
+
+"Have I listened well, father?"  he enquired of the old man.
+
+"Perfectly, my son.  Nothing of that which passed between Amasis and
+Psamtik has escaped thine ears.  May Isis preserve them long to thee!"
+
+"Ah, father, a deaf man could have heard every word in the ante-chamber
+to-day, for Amasis bellowed like an ox."
+
+"The great Neith has smitten him with the lack of prudence, yet I command
+thee to speak of the Pharaoh with more reverence.  But now return, keep
+thine eyes open and inform me at once if Amasis, as is possible, should
+attempt to thwart the conspiracy against Phanes.  Thou wilt certainly
+find me here.  Charge the attendants to admit no one, and to say I am at
+my devotions in the Holy of holies.  May the ineffable One protect thy
+footsteps!"
+
+     [Isis, the wife or sister of Osiris, is the phenomena of nature, by
+     means of which the god is able to reveal himself to human
+     contemplation.]
+
+               ..................................
+
+While Psamtik was making every preparation for the capture of Phanes,
+Croesus, accompanied by his followers, had embarked on board a royal
+bark, and was on his way down the Nile to spend the evening with
+Rhodopis.
+
+His son Gyges and the three young Persians remained in Sais, passing the
+time in a manner most agreeable to them.
+
+Amasis loaded them with civilities, allowed them, according to Egyptian
+custom, the society of his queen and of the twin-sisters, as they were
+called, taught Gyges the game of draughts, and looking on while the
+strong, dexterous, young heroes joined his daughters in the game of
+throwing balls and hoops, so popular among Egyptian maidens, enlivened
+their amusements with an inexhaustible flow of wit and humor.
+
+     [The Pharaohs themselves, as well as their subjects, were in the
+     habit of playing at draughts and other similar games.  Rosellini
+     gives its Rameses playing with his daughter; see also two Egyptians
+     playing together, Wilkinson II.  419.  An especially beautiful
+     draught-board exists in the Egyptian collection at the Louvre
+     Museum.  The Egyptians hoped to be permitted to enjoy these
+     pleasures even in the other world.]
+
+     [Balls that have been found in the tombs are still to be seen; some,
+     for instance, in the Museum at Leyden.]
+
+"Really," said Bartja, as he watched Nitetis catching the slight hoop,
+ornamented with gay ribbons, for the hundredth time on her slender ivory
+rod, "really we must introduce this game at home.  We Persians are so
+different from you Egyptians.  Everything new has a special charm for us,
+while to you it is just as hateful.  I shall describe the game to Our
+mother Kassandane, and she will be delighted to allow my brother's wives
+this new amusement."
+
+"Yes, do, do!"  exclaimed the fair Tachot blushing deeply.  "Then Nitetis
+can play too, and fancy herself back again at home and among those she
+loves; and Bartja,"  she added in a low voice,  "whenever you watch the
+hoops flying, you too must remember this hour."
+
+"I shall never forget it," answered he with a smile, and then, turning to
+his future sister-in-law, he called out cheerfully, "Be of good courage,
+Nitetis, you will be happier than you fancy with us.  We Asiatics know
+how to honor beauty; and prove it by taking many wives."
+
+Nitetis sighed, and the queen Ladice exclaimed, "On the contrary, that
+very fact proves that you understand but poorly how to appreciate woman's
+nature!  You can have no idea, Bartja, what a woman feels on finding that
+her husband--the man who to her is more than life itself, and to whom she
+would gladly and without reserve give up all that she treasures as most
+sacred--looks down on her with the same kind of admiration that he
+bestows on a pretty toy, a noble steed, or a well-wrought wine-bowl.
+But it is yet a thousand-fold more painful to feel that the love which
+every woman has a right to possess for herself alone, must be shared with
+a hundred others!"
+
+"There speaks the jealous wife!"  exclaimed Amasis.  "Would you not fancy
+that I had often given her occasion to doubt my faithfulness?"
+
+"No, no, my husband," answered Ladice, "in this point the Egyptian men
+surpass other nations, that they remain content with that which they have
+once loved; indeed I venture to assert that an Egyptian wife is the
+happiest of women.
+
+     [According to Diodorus (I. 27) the queen of Egypt held a higher
+     position than the king himself.  The monuments and lists of names
+     certainly prove that women could rule with sovereign power.  The
+     husband of the heiress to the throne became king.  They had their
+     own revenues (Diodorus I. 52) and when a princess, after death, was
+     admitted among the goddesses, she received her own priestesses.
+     (Edict of Canopus.)  During the reigns of the Ptolemies many coins
+     were stamped with the queen's image and cities were named for them.
+     We notice also that sons, in speaking of their descent, more
+     frequently reckon it from the mother's than the father's side, that
+     a married woman is constantly alluded to as the "mistress" or "lady"
+     of the house, that according to many a Greek Papyrus they had entire
+     disposal of all their property, no matter in what it consisted, in
+     short that the weaker sex seems to have enjoyed equal influence with
+     the stronger.]
+
+Even the Greeks, who in so many things may serve as patterns to us,
+do not know how to appreciate woman rightly.  Most of the young Greek
+girls pass their sad childhood in close rooms, kept to the wheel and
+the loom by their mothers and those who have charge of them, and when
+marriageable, are transferred to the quiet house of a husband they do
+not know, and whose work in life and in the state allows him but seldom
+to visit his wife's apartments.  Only when the most intimate friends and
+nearest relations are with her husband, does she venture to appear in
+their midst, and then shyly and timidly, hoping to hear a little of what
+is going on in the great world outside.  Ah, indeed! we women thirst for
+knowledge too, and there are certain branches of learning at least, which
+it cannot be right to withhold from those who are to be the mothers and
+educators of the next generation.  What can an Attic mother, without
+knowledge, without experience, give to her daughters?  Naught but her
+own ignorance.  And so it is, that a Hellene, seldom satisfied with
+the society of his lawful, but, mentally, inferior wife, turns for
+satisfaction to those courtesans, who, from their constant intercourse
+with men, have acquired knowledge, and well understand how to adorn it
+with the flowers of feminine grace, and to season it with the salt of a
+woman's more refined and delicate wit.  In Egypt it is different.  A
+young girl is allowed to associate freely with the most enlightened men.
+Youths and maidens meet constantly on festive occasions, learn to know
+and love one another.  The wife is not the slave, but the friend of her
+husband; the one supplies the deficiencies of the other.  In weighty
+questions the stronger decides, but the lesser cares of life are left
+to her who is the greater in small things.  The daughters grow up under
+careful guidance, for the mother is neither ignorant nor inexperienced.
+To be virtuous and diligent in her affairs becomes easy to a woman, for
+she sees that it increases his happiness whose dearest possession she
+boasts of being, and who belongs to her alone.  The women only do that
+which pleases us! but the Egyptian men understand the art of making us
+pleased with that which is really good, and with that alone.  On the
+shores of the Nile, Phocylides of Miletus and Hipponax of Ephesus would
+never have dared to sing their libels on women, nor could the fable of
+Pandora have been possibly invented here!"
+
+     [Simonides of Amorgos, an Iambic poet, who delighted in writing
+     satirical verses on women.  He divides them into different classes,
+     which he compares to unclean animals, and considers that the only
+     woman worthy of a husband and able to make him happy must be like
+     the bee.  The well-known fable of Pandora owes its origin to
+     Simonides.  He lived about 650 B. C.  The Egyptians too, speak very
+     severely of bad women, comparing them quite in the Simonides style
+     to beasts of prey (hyenas, lions and panthers).  We find this
+     sentence on a vicious woman: She is a collection of every kind of
+     meanness, and a bag full of wiles.  Chabas, Papyr.  magrque Harris.
+     p.  135.  Phocylides of Miletus, a rough and sarcastic, but
+     observant man, imitated Simonides in his style of writing.  But the
+     deformed Hipponax of Ephesus, a poet crushed down by poverty, wrote
+     far bitterer verses than Phocylides.  He lived about 550 B. C.  "His
+     own ugliness (according to Bernhardy) is reflected in every one of
+     his Choliambics." ]
+
+"How beautifully you speak!"  exclaimed Bartja.  "Greek was not easy to
+learn, but I am very glad now that I did not give it up in despair, and
+really paid attention to Croesus' lessons."
+
+Who could those men have been," asked Darius, "who dared to speak evil of
+women?"
+
+"A couple of Greek poets," answered Amasis, "the boldest of men, for I
+confess I would rather provoke a lioness than a woman.  But these Greeks
+do not know what fear is.  I will give you a specimen of Hipponax's
+Poetry:
+
+              "There are but two days when a wife,
+               Brings pleasure to her husband's life,
+               The wedding-day, when hopes are bright,
+               And the day he buries her out of his sight."
+
+"Cease, cease,"  cried Ladice stopping her ears, that is too had.  Now,
+Persians, you can see what manner of man Amasis is.  For the sake of a
+joke, he will laugh at those who hold precisely the same opinion as
+himself.  There could not be a better husband.
+
+"Nor a worse wife," laughed Amasis.  "Thou wilt make men think that I am
+a too obedient husband.  But now farewell, my children; our young heroes
+must look at this our city of Sais; before parting, however, I will
+repeat to them what the malicious Siuionides has sung of a good wife:
+
+         "Dear to her spouse from youth to age she grows;
+          Fills with fair girls and sturdy boys his house;
+          Among all women womanliest seems,
+          And heavenly grace about her mild brow gleams.
+          A gentle wife, a noble spouse she walks,
+          Nor ever with the gossip mongers talks.
+          Such women sometimes Zeus to mortals gives,
+          The glory and the solace of their lives."
+
+"Such is my Ladice! now farewell!"
+
+"Not yet!"  cried Bartja.  "Let me first speak in defence of our poor
+Persia and instil fresh courage into my future sister-in-law; but no!
+Darius, thou must speak, thine eloquence is as great as thy skill in
+figures and swordsmanship!"
+
+"Thou speakst of me as if I were a gossip or a shopkeeper,"--[This
+nickname, which Darius afterwards earned, is more fully spoken of]--
+answered the son of Hystaspes.  "Be it so; I have been burning all this
+time to defend the customs of our country.  Know then, Ladice, that if
+Auramazda dispose the heart of our king in his own good ways, your
+daughter will not be his slave, but his friend.  Know also, that in
+Persia, though certainly only at high festivals, the king's wives have
+their places at the men's table, and that we pay the highest reverence to
+our wives and mothers.  A king of Babylon once took a Persian wife; in
+the broad plains of the Euphrates she fell sick of longing for her native
+mountains; he caused a gigantic structure to be raised on arches, and the
+summit thereof to be covered with a depth of rich earth; caused the
+choicest trees and flowers to be planted there, and watered by artificial
+machinery.  This wonder completed, he led his wife thither; from its top
+she could look down into the plains below, as from the heights of
+Rachined, and with this costly gift he presented her.  Tell me, could
+even an Egyptian give more?"
+
+     [This stupendous erection is said to have been constructed by
+     Nebuchadnezzar for his Persian wife Amytis.  Curtius V.  5.
+     Josephus contra Apion. I.  19.  Antiquities X. II. 1.  Diod. II. 10.
+     For further particulars relative to the hanging-gardens, see later
+     notes.]
+
+"And did she recover?"  asked Nitetis, without raising her eyes.
+
+"She recovered health and happiness; and you too will soon feel well and
+happy in our country."
+
+"And now," said Ladice with a smile, what, think you, contributed most
+to the young queen's recovery?  the beautiful mountain or the love of the
+husband, who erected it for her sake?"
+
+"Her husband's love," cried the young girls.
+
+"But Nitetis would not disdain the mountain either," maintained Bartja,
+"and I shall make it my care that whenever the court is at Babylon, she
+has the hanging-gardens for her residence."
+
+"But now come," exclaimed Amasis, "unless you wish to see the city in
+darkness.  Two secretaries have been awaiting me yonder for the last two
+hours.  Ho! Sachons! give orders to the captain of the guard to accompany
+our noble guests with a hundred men."
+
+"But why? a single guide, perhaps one of the Greek officers, would be
+amply sufficient."
+
+"No, my young friends, it is better so.  Foreigners can never be too
+prudent in Egypt.  Do not forget this, and especially be careful not to
+ridicule the sacred animals.  And now farewell, my young heroes, till we
+meet again this evening over a merry wine-cup."
+
+The Persians then quitted the palace, accompanied by their interpreter,
+a Greek, but who had been brought up in Egypt, and spoke both languages
+with equal facility.
+
+     [Psamtik I. is said to have formed a new caste, viz.: the caste of
+     Interpreters, out of those Greeks who had been born and bred up in
+     Egypt.  Herod. II. 154.  Herodotus himself was probably conducted by
+     such a "Dragoman."]
+
+Those streets of Sais which lay near the palace wore a pleasant aspect.
+The houses, many of which were five stories high, were generally covered
+with pictures or hieroglyphics; galleries with balustrades of carved and
+gaily-painted wood-work, supported by columns also brightly painted, ran
+round the walls surrounding the courts.  In many cases the proprietor's
+name and rank was to be read on the door, which was, however, well closed
+and locked.  Flowers and shrubs ornamented the flat roofs, on which the
+Egyptians loved to spend the evening hours, unless indeed, they preferred
+ascending the mosquito-tower with which nearly every house was provided.
+These troublesome insects, engendered by the Nile, fly low, and these
+little watch-towers were built as a protection from them.
+
+The young Persians admired the great, almost excessive cleanliness, with
+which each house, nay, even the streets themselves, literally shone.  The
+door-plates and knockers sparkled in the sun; paintings, balconies and
+columns all had the appearance of having been only just finished, and
+even the street-pavement looked as if it were often scoured.
+
+     [The streets of Egyptian towns seem to have been paved, judging from
+     the ruins of Alabastron and Memphis.  We know at least with
+     certainty that this was the case with those leading to the temples.]
+
+But as the Persians left the neighborhood of the Nile and the palace, the
+streets became smaller.  Sais was built on the slope of a moderately high
+hill, and had only been the residence of the Pharaohs for two centuries
+and a half, but, during that comparatively short interval, had risen from
+an unimportant place into a town of considerable magnitude.
+
+On its river-side the houses and streets were brilliant, but on the hill-
+slope lay, with but few more respectable exceptions, miserable, poverty-
+stricken huts constructed of acacia-boughs and Nile-mud.  On the north-
+west rose the royal citadel.
+
+"Let us turn back here," exclaimed Gyges to his young companions.  During
+his father's absence he was responsible as their guide and protector, and
+now perceived that the crowd of curious spectators, which had hitherto
+followed them, was increasing at every step.
+
+"I obey your orders," replied the interpreter, "but yonder in the valley,
+at the foot of that hill, lies the Saitic city of the dead, and for
+foreigners I should think that would be of great interest."
+
+"Go forward!"  cried Bartja.  "For what did we leave Persia, if not to
+behold these remarkable objects?"
+
+On arriving at an open kind of square surrounded by workmen's booths,
+and not far from the city of the dead, confused cries rose among the
+crowd behind them.
+
+     [Artisans, as well among the ancient as the modern Egyptians, were
+     accustomed to work in the open air.]
+
+The children shouted for joy, the women called out, and one voice louder
+than the rest was heard exclaiming: "Come hither to the fore-court of the
+temple, and see the works of the great magician, who comes from the
+western oases of Libya and is endowed with miraculous gifts by Chunsu,
+the giver of good counsels, and by the great goddess Hekt."
+
+"Follow me to the small temple yonder," said the interpreter, "and you
+will behold a strange spectacle."  He pushed a way for himself and the
+Persians through the crowd, obstructed in his course by many a sallow
+woman and naked child; and at length came back with a priest, who
+conducted the strangers into the fore-court of the temple.  Here,
+surrounded by various chests and boxes, stood a man in the dress of a
+priest; beside him on the earth knelt two negroes.  The Libyan was a man
+of gigantic stature, with great suppleness of limb and a pair of piercing
+black eyes.  In his hand he held a wind-instrument resembling a modern
+clarionet, and a number of snakes, known in Egypt to be poisonous, lay
+coiling themselves over his breast and arms.
+
+On finding himself in the presence of the Persians he bowed low, inviting
+them by a solemn gesture to gaze at his performances; he then cast off
+his white robe and began all kinds of tricks with the snakes.
+
+He allowed them to bite him, till the blood trickled down his cheeks;
+compelled them by the notes of his flute to assume an erect position and
+perform a kind of dancing evolution; by spitting into their jaws he
+transformed them to all appearance into motionless rods; and then,
+dashing them all on to the earth, performed a wild dance in their midst,
+yet without once touching a single snake.
+
+Like one possessed, he contorted his pliant limbs until his eyes seemed
+starting from his head and a bloody foam issued from his lips.
+
+Suddenly he fell to the ground, apparently lifeless.  A slight movement
+of the lips and a low hissing whistle were the only signs of life; but,
+on hearing the latter, the snakes crept up and twined themselves like
+living rings around his neck, legs and body.  At last he rose, sang a
+hymn in praise of the divine power which had made him a magician, and
+then laid the greater number of his snakes in one of the chests,
+retaining a few, probably his favorites, to serve as ornaments for his
+neck and arms.
+
+The second part of this performance consisted of clever conjuring-tricks,
+in which he swallowed burning flax, balanced swords while dancing, their
+points standing in the hollow of his eye; drew long strings and ribbons
+out of the noses of the Egyptian children, exhibited the well-known cup-
+and-ball trick, and, at length, raised the admiration of the spectators
+to its highest pitch, by producing five living rabbits from as many
+ostrich-eggs.
+
+The Persians formed no unthankful portion of the assembled crowd; on the
+contrary, this scene, so totally new, impressed them deeply.
+
+They felt as if in the realm of miracles, and fancied they had now seen
+the rarest of all Egyptian rarities.  In silence they took their way back
+to the handsomer streets of Sais, without noticing how many mutilated
+Egyptians crossed their path.  These poor disfigured creatures were
+indeed no unusual sight for Asiatics, who punished many crimes by the
+amputation of a limb.  Had they enquired however, they would have heard
+that, in Egypt, the man deprived of his hand was a convicted forger, the
+woman of her nose, an adulteress; that the man without a tongue had been
+found guilty of high treason or false witness; that the loss of the ears
+denoted a spy, and that the pale, idiotic-looking woman yonder had been
+guilty of infanticide, and had been condemned to hold the little corpse
+three days and three nights in her arms.  What woman could retain her
+senses after these hours of torture?--[Diodorus I. 77.]
+
+The greater number of the Egyptian penal laws not only secured the
+punishment of the criminal, but rendered a repetition of the offence
+impossible.
+
+The Persian party now met with a hindrance, a large crowd having
+assembled before one of the handsomest houses in the street leading to
+the temple of Neith.  The few windows of this house that could be seen
+(the greater number opening on the garden and court) were closed with
+shutters, and at the door stood an old man, dressed in the plain white
+robe of a priest's servant.  He was endeavoring, with loud cries, to
+prevent a number of men of his own class from carrying a large chest out
+of the house.
+
+"What right  have you  to rob my master?" he shrieked indignantly.
+"I am the guardian of this house, and when my master left for Persia (may
+the gods destroy that land!) he bade me take especial care of this chest
+in which his manuscripts lay."
+
+"Compose yourself, old Hib!"  shouted one of these inferior priests, the
+same whose acquaintance we made on the arrival of the Asiatic Embassy.
+"We are here in the name of the high-priest of the great Neith, your
+master's master.  There must be queer papers in this box, or Neithotep
+would not have honored us with his commands to fetch them."
+
+"But I will not allow my master's papers to be stolen," shrieked the old
+man.  "My master is the great physician Nebenchari, and I will secure his
+rights, even if I must appeal to the king himself."
+
+"There," cried the other, "that will do; out with the chest, you fellows.
+Carry it at once to the high-priest; and you, old man, would do more
+wisely to hold your tongue and remember that the high-priest is your
+master as well as mine.  Get into the house as quick as you can, or to-
+morrow we shall have to drag you off as we did the chest to-day!"  So
+saying, he slammed the heavy door, the old man was flung backward into
+the house and the crowd saw him no more.
+
+The Persians had watched this scene and obtained an explanation of its
+meaning from their interpreter.  Zopyrus laughed on hearing that the
+possessor of the stolen chest was the oculist Nebenchari, the same who
+had been sent to Persia to restore the sight of the king's mother, and
+whose grave, even morose temper had procured him but little love at the
+court of Cambyses.
+
+Bartja wished to ask Amasis the meaning of this strange robbery, but
+Gyges begged him not to interfere in matters with which he had no
+concern.  Just as they reached the palace, and darkness, which in Egypt
+so quickly succeeds the daylight, was already stealing over the city,
+Gyges felt himself hindered from proceeding further by a firm hand on his
+robe, and perceived a stranger holding his finger on his lips in token of
+silence.
+
+"When can I speak with you alone and unobserved?"  he whispered.
+
+"What do you wish from me?"
+
+"Ask no questions, but answer me quickly.  By Mithras," I have weighty
+matters to disclose."
+
+"You speak Persian, but your garments would proclaim you an Egyptian."
+
+"I am a Persian, but answer me quickly or we shall be noticed.  When can
+I speak to you alone?"
+
+"To-morrow morning."
+
+"That is too late."
+
+"Well then, in a quarter of an hour, when it is quite dark, at this gate
+of the palace."
+
+"I shall expect you."
+
+So saying the man vanished.  Once within the palace, Gyges left Bartja
+and Zopyrus, fastened his sword into his girdle, begged Darius to do the
+same and to follow him, and was soon standing again under the great
+portico with the stranger, but this time in total darkness.
+
+"Auramazda be praised that you are there!"  cried the latter in Persian
+to the young Lydian; "but who is that with you?"
+
+"Darius, the son of Hystaspes, one of the Achaemenidae; and my friend."
+
+The stranger bowed low and answered, "It is well, I feared an Egyptian
+had accompanied you."
+
+"No, we are alone and willing to hear you; but be brief.  Who are you and
+what do you want?"
+
+"My name is Bubares.  I served as a poor captain under the great Cyrus.
+At the taking of your father's city, Sardis, the soldiers were at first
+allowed to plunder freely; but on your wise father's representing to
+Cyrus that to plunder a city already taken was an injury to the present,
+and not to the former, possessor, they were commanded on pain of death to
+deliver up their booty to their captains, and the latter to cause
+everything of worth, when brought to them, to be collected in the market-
+place.  Gold and silver trappings lay there in abundance, costly articles
+of attire studded with precious stones  .  .  ."
+
+"Quick, quick, our time is short," interrupted Gyges.
+
+"You are right.  I must be more brief.  By keeping for myself an
+ointment-box sparkling with jewels, taken from your father's palace, I
+forfeited my life.  Croesus, however, pleaded for me with his conqueror
+Cyrus; my life and liberty were granted me, but I was declared a
+dishonored man.  Life in Persia became impossible with disgrace lying
+heavily on my soul; I took ship from Smyrna to Cyprus, entered the army
+there, fought against Amasis, and was brought hither by Phanes as a
+prisoner-of-war.  Having always served as a horse-soldier, I was placed
+among those slaves who had charge of the king's horses, and in six years
+became an overseer.  Never have I forgotten the debt of gratitude I owe
+to your father; and now my turn has come to render him a service."
+
+"The matter concerns my father? then speak--tell me, I beseech you!"
+
+"Immediately.  Has Croesus offended the crown prince?"
+
+"Not that I am aware of."
+
+"Your father is on a visit to Rhodopis this evening, at Naukratis?"
+
+"How did you hear this?"
+
+"From himself.  I followed him to the boat this morning and sought to
+cast myself at his feet."
+
+"And did you succeed?"
+
+"Certainly.  He spoke a few gracious words with me, but could not wait to
+hear what I would say, as his companions were already on board when he
+arrived.  His slave Sandon, whom I know, told me that they were going to
+Naukratis, and would visit the Greek woman whom they call Rhodopis."
+
+"He spoke truly."
+
+"Then you must speed to the rescue.  At the time that the market-place
+was full."
+
+     [The forenoon among the Greeks was regulated by the business of the
+     market.  "When the market-place begins to fill, when it is full,
+     when it becomes empty."  It would be impossible to define this
+     division of time exactly according to our modern methods of
+     computation, but it seems certain that the market was over by the
+     afternoon.  The busiest hours were probably from 10 till 1.  At the
+     present day the streets of Athens are crowded during those hours;
+     but in Summer from two to four o'clock are utterly deserted.]
+
+"Ten carriages and two boats, full of Ethiopian soldiers under the
+command of an Egyptian captain, were sent off to Naukratis to surround
+the house of Rhodopis and make captives of her guests."
+
+"Ha, treachery!"  exclaimed Gyges.
+
+"But how can they wish to injure your father?"  said Darius.  "They know
+that the vengeance of Cambyses--"
+
+"I only know," repeated Bubares, "that this night the house of Rhodopis,
+in which your father is, will be surrounded by Ethiopian soldiers.  I
+myself saw to the horses which transport them thither and heard Pentaur,
+one of the crown-prince's fan-bearers, call to them, 'Keep eyes and ears
+open, and let the house of Rhodopis be surrounded, lest he should escape
+by the back door.  If possible spare his life, and kill him only if he
+resist.  Bring him alive to Sais, and you shall receive twenty rings of
+gold.'"
+
+     [It is no longer a matter of question, that before the time of the
+     Persians, and therefore at this point of our history, no money had
+     been coined in Egypt.  The precious metals were weighed out and used
+     as money in the shape of rings, animals, etc.  On many of the
+     monuments we see people purchasing goods and weighing out the gold
+     in payment; while others are paying their tribute in gold rings.
+     These rings were in use as a medium of payment up to the time of the
+     Ptolemies.  Pliny XXXIII.  I.  Balances with weights in the form of
+     animals may be seen in Wilkinson.  During the reigns of the
+     Ptolemies many coins were struck.]
+
+"But could that allude to my father?"
+
+"Certainly not," cried Darius.
+
+"It is impossible to say," murmured Bubares.  "In this country one can
+never know what may happen."
+
+"How long does it take for a good horse to reach Naukratis?"
+
+"Three hours, if he can go so long, and the Nile has not overflowed the
+road too much."
+
+"I will be there in two."
+
+"I shall ride with you," said Darius.
+
+"No, you must remain here with Zopyrus for Bartja's protection.  Tell the
+servants to get ready."
+
+"But Gyges--"
+
+"Yes, you will stay here and excuse me to Amasis.  Say I could not come
+to the evening revel on account of headache, toothache, sickness,
+anything you like."
+
+"I shall ride Bartja's Nicaean horse; and you, Bubares, will follow me on
+Darius's.  You will lend him, my brother?"
+
+"If I had ten thousand, you should have them all."
+
+"Do you know the way to Naukratis, Bubares?"
+
+"Blindfold."
+
+"Then go, Darius, and tell them to get your horse and Bartja's ready!
+To linger would be sin.  Farewell Darius, perhaps forever!  Protect
+Bartja!  Once more, farewell!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+It wanted two hours of midnight.  Bright light was streaming through the
+open windows of Rhodopis' house, and sounds of mirth and gaiety fell on
+the ear.  Her table had been adorned with special care in Croesus' honor.
+
+On the cushions around it lay the guests with whom we are already
+acquainted: Theodorus, Ibykus, Phanes, Aristomachus, the merchant
+Theopompus of Miletus, Croesus and others, crowned with chaplets of
+poplar and roses.
+
+Theodorus the sculptor was speaking: "Egypt seems to me," he said, "like
+a girl who persists in wearing a tight and painful shoe only because it
+is of gold, while within her reach he beautiful and well-fitting slippers
+in which she could move at ease, if she only would."
+
+"You refer to the Egyptians' pertinacity in retaining traditional forms
+and customs?"  asked Croesus.
+
+"Certainly I do," answered the sculptor.  "Two centuries ago Egypt was
+unquestionably the first of the nations.  In Art and Science she far
+excelled us; but we learnt their methods of working, improved on them,
+held firm to no prescribed proportions, but to the natural types alone,
+gave freedom and beauty to their unbending outlines, and now have left
+our masters far behind us.  But how was this possible? simply because the
+Egyptians, bound by unalterable laws, could make no progress; we, on the
+contrary, were free to pursue our course in the wide arena of art as far
+as will and power would allow."
+
+"But how can an artist be compelled to fashion statues alike, which are
+meant to differ from each other in what they represent?"
+
+"In this case that can be easily explained.  The entire human body is
+divided by the Egyptians into 21 1/4 parts, in accordance with which
+division the proportion of each separate limb is regulated.  I, myself,
+have laid a wager with Amasis, in presence of the first Egyptian
+sculptor, (a priest of Thebes), that, if I send my brother Telekles, in
+Ephesus, dimensions, proportion and attitude, according to the Egyptian
+method, he and I together can produce a statue which shall look as if
+sculptured from one block and by one hand, though Telekles is to carve
+the lower half at Ephesus, and I the upper here in Sais, and under the
+eye of Amasis."
+
+     [These numbers, and the story which immediately follows, are taken
+     from Diodorus I. 98.  Plato tells us that, in his time, a law
+     existed binding the Egyptian artists to execute their works with
+     exactly the same amount of beauty or its reverse, as those which had
+     been made more than a thousand years before.  This statement is
+     confirmed by the monuments; but any one well acquainted with
+     Egyptian art can discern a marked difference in the style of each
+     epoch.  At the time of the ancient kingdom the forms were compressed
+     and stunted; under Seti I. beauty of proportion reached its highest
+     point.  During, and after the 20th dynasty, the style declined in
+     beauty; in the 26th, under the descendants of Psammetichus, we meet
+     with a last revival of art, but the ancient purity of form was never
+     again attained.]
+
+"And shall you win your wager?"
+
+"Undoubtedly.  I am just going to begin this trick of art; it will as
+little deserve the name of a work of art, as any Egyptian statue."
+
+"And yet there are single sculptures here which are of exquisite
+workmanship; such, for instance, as the one Amasis sent to Samos as a
+present to Polykrates.  In Memphis I saw a statue said to be about three
+thousand years old, and to represent a king  who built the great Pyramid,
+which excited my admiration in every respect.  With what certainty and
+precision that unusually hard stone has been wrought! the muscles, how
+carefully carved! especially in the breast, legs and feet; the harmony of
+the features too, and, above all, the polish of the whole, leave nothing
+to be desired."
+
+"Unquestionably.  In all the mechanism of art, such as precision and
+certainty in working even the hardest materials, the Egyptians, though
+they have so long stood still in other points, are still far before us;
+but to model form with freedom, to breathe, like Prometheus, a soul into
+the stone, they will never learn until their old notions on this subject
+have been entirely abandoned.  Even the pleasing varieties of corporeal
+life cannot be represented by a system of mere proportions, much less
+those which are inner and spiritual.  Look at the countless statues which
+have been erected during the last three thousand years, in all the
+temples and palaces from Naukratis up to the Cataracts.  They are all of
+one type, and represent men of middle age, with grave but benevolent
+countenances.  Yet they are intended, some as statues of aged monarchs,
+others to perpetuate the memory of young princes.  The warrior and the
+lawgiver, the blood-thirsty tyrant and the philanthropist are only
+distinguished from each other by a difference in size, by which the
+Egyptian sculptor expresses the idea of power and strength.  Amasis
+orders a statue just as I should a sword.  Breadth and length being
+specified, we both of us know quite well, before the master has begun his
+work, what we shall receive when it is finished.  How could I possibly
+fashion an infirm old man like an eager youth? a pugilist like a runner
+in the foot-race? a poet like a warrior?  Put Ibykus and our Spartan
+friend side by side, and tell me what you would say, were I to give to
+the stern warrior the gentle features and gestures of our heart-ensnaring
+poet."
+
+"Well, and how does Amasis answer your remarks on this stagnation in
+art?"
+
+"He deplores it; but does not feel himself strong enough to abolish the
+restrictive laws of the priests."
+
+"And yet,"  said the Delphian, "he has given a large sum towards the
+embellishment of our new temple, expressly, (I use his own words) for the
+promotion of Hellenic art!"
+
+"That is admirable in him," exclaimed Croesus.  "Will the Alkmaeonidae
+soon have collected the three hundred talents necessary for the
+completion of the temple?  Were I as rich as formerly I would gladly
+undertake the entire cost; notwithstanding that your malicious god so
+cruelly deceived me, after all my offerings at his shrine.  For when I
+sent to ask whether I should begin the war with Cyrus, he returned this
+answer: I should destroy a mighty kingdom by crossing the river Halys.
+I trusted the god, secured the friendship of Sparta according to his
+commands, crossed the boundary stream, and, in so doing, did indeed
+destroy a mighty kingdom; not however that of the Medes and Persians, but
+my own poor Lydia, which, as a satrapy of Cambyses, finds its loss of
+independence a hard and uncongenial yoke."
+
+"You blame the god unjustly," answered Phryxus.  It cannot be his fault
+that you, in your human conceit, should have misinterpreted his oracle.
+The answer did not say 'the kingdom of Persia,' but  'a kingdom' should
+be destroyed through your desire for war.  Why did you not enquire what
+kingdom was meant?  Was not your son's fate truly prophesied by the
+oracle? and also that on the day of misfortune he would regain his
+speech?  And when, after the fall of Sardis, Cyrus granted your wish to
+enquire at Delphi whether the Greek gods made a rule of requiting their
+benefactors by ingratitude, Loxias answered that he had willed the best
+for you, but was controlled by a mightier power than himself, by that
+inexorable fate which had foretold to thy great ancestor, that his fifth
+successor was doomed to destruction."
+
+"In the first days of my adversity I needed those words far more than
+now," interrupted Croesus.  "There was a time when I cursed your god and
+his oracles; but later, when with my riches my flatterers had left me,
+and I became accustomed to pronounce judgment on my own actions, I saw
+clearly that not Apollo, but my own vanity had been the cause of my ruin.
+How could 'the kingdom to be destroyed' possibly mean mine, the mighty
+realm of the powerful Croesus, the friend of the gods, the hitherto
+unconquered leader?  Had a friend hinted at this interpretation of the
+ambiguous oracle, I should have derided, nay, probably caused him to be
+punished.  For a despotic ruler is like a fiery steed; the latter
+endeavors to kick him who touches his wounds with intent to heal; the
+former punishes him who lays a hand on the weak or failing points of his
+diseased mind.  Thus I missed what, if my eyes had not been dazzled, I
+might easily have seen; and now that my vision is clearer, though I have
+nothing to lose, I am far more often anxious than in the days when none
+could possibly lose more than I.  In comparison with those days, Phryxus,
+I may be called a poor man now, but Cambyses does not leave me to famish,
+and I can still raise a talent for your temple."
+
+Phryxus expressed his thanks, and Phanes remarked "The Alkmaeonida; will
+be sure to erect a beautiful edifice, for they are rich and ambitious,
+and desirous of gaining favor with the Amphiktyons, in order, by their
+aid, to overthrow the tyrants, secure to themselves a higher position
+than that of the family to which I belong, and with this, the guidance of
+state-affairs."
+
+"Is it true, as people say," asked Ibykus, "that next to Agarista with
+whom Megakles received so rich a dowry, you, Croesus, have been the
+largest contributor to the wealth of the Alkmaeonidae?"
+
+"True enough," answered Croesus laughing.
+
+"Tell us the story, I beg," said Rhodopis.
+
+"Well," answered Croesus, "Alkmaeon of Athens once appeared at my court;
+his cheerfulness and cultivation pleased me well, and I retained him near
+me for some time.  One day I showed him my treasure-chambers, at the
+sight of which he fell into despair, called himself a common beggar and
+declared that one good handful of these precious things would make him
+a happy man.  I at once allowed him to take as much gold away as he could
+carry.  What think you did Alkaemmon on this? sent for high Lydian
+riding-boots, an apron and a basket, had the one secured behind him, put
+the others on, and filled them all with gold, till they could hold no
+more.  Not content with this, he strewed gold-dust in his hair and beard
+and filled his mouth to that extent that he appeared in the act of
+choking.  In each hand he grasped a golden dish, and thus laden dragged
+himself out of the treasure-house, falling exhausted as he crossed the
+threshold.  Never have I laughed so heartily as at this sight."
+
+"But did you grant him all these treasures?"  said Rhodopis.
+
+"Yes, yes, my friend; and did not think even then, that I had paid too
+dearly for the experience that gold can make fools even of clever men."
+
+"You were the most generous of monarchs," cried Phanes.
+
+"And make a tolerably contented beggar," answered Croesus.  "But tell me,
+Phryxus, how much has Amasis contributed to your collection?"
+
+"He gave fifty tons of alum."
+
+"A royal gift!"
+
+"And the prince Psamtik?"
+
+"On my appealing to him by his father's munificence, he turned his back
+on me, and answered with a bitter laugh: 'Collect money for the
+destruction of your temple, and I am ready to double my father's
+donation!'"
+
+"The wretch!"
+
+"Say rather: the true Egyptian!  to Psamtik everything foreign is an
+abomination."
+
+"How much have the Greeks in Naukratis contributed?"
+
+"Beside munificent private donations, each community has given twenty
+minae."
+
+"That is much."
+
+"Philoinus, the Sybarite, alone sent me a thousand drachmm," and
+accompanied his gift with a most singular epistle.  May I read it aloud,
+Rhodopis?"
+
+"Certainly," answered she, "it will show you that the drunkard has
+repented of his late behaviour."
+
+The Delphian began: "Philoinus to Phryxus: It grieves me that at
+Rhodopis' house the other night I did not drink more; for had I done so
+I should have lost consciousness entirely, and so have been unable to
+offend even the smallest insect.  My confounded abstemiousness is
+therefore to blame, that I can no longer enjoy a place at the best table
+in all Egypt.  I am thankful, however, to Rhodopis for past enjoyment,
+and in memory of her glorious roastbeef (which has bred in me the wish to
+buy her cook at any price) I send twelve large spits for roasting oxen,
+--[Rhodopis is said to have sent such a gift to Delphi.  Herod.]--and beg
+they may be placed in some treasure-house at Delphi as an offering from
+Rhodopis.  As for myself, being a rich man, I sign my name for a thousand
+drachmae, and beg that my gift may be publicly announced at the next
+Pythian games.  To that rude fellow, Aristomachus of Sparta, express my
+thanks for the effectual manner in which he fulfilled my intention in
+coming to Egypt.  I came hither for the purpose of having a tooth
+extracted by an Egyptian dentist said to take out teeth without causing
+much pain.
+
+     [The Egyptian dentists must have been very skilful.  Artificial
+     teeth have been discovered in the jaws of mummies.  See Blumenbach
+     on the teeth of the ancient Egyptians, and on mummies.]
+
+Aristomachus, however, knocked out the defective tooth and so saved me
+from an operation, the thought of which had often made me tremble.  On
+recovering consciousness, I found that three teeth had been knocked into
+my mouth, the diseased one and two others, which though healthy, would
+probably at some future time have caused me pain.  Salute Rhodopis and
+the handsome Phanes from me.  You I invite to an entertainment at my
+house in Sybaris, this day year.  We are accustomed to issue invitations
+somewhat early, on account of my necessary preparations.  I have caused
+this epistle to be written by my slave Sophotatus in an adjoining
+chamber, as merely to behold the labor of writing causes cramp in my
+fingers."
+
+A burst of laughter arose at these words, but Rhodopis said: "This letter
+gives me pleasure; it proves that Philoinus is not bad at heart.  Brought
+up a Sybarite" .  .  .  She was suddenly interrupted by the voice of a
+stranger, who had entered unperceived, and, after apologizing to the
+venerable hostess and her guests for appearing without invitation among
+them, continued thus: "I am Gyges the son of Croesus; and it has not been
+merely for pastime, that I have ridden over from Sais in two hours lest I
+should arrive too late!"
+
+"Menon, a cushion for our guest!" cried Rhodopis.  "Be welcome to my
+house and take some repose after your wild, thoroughly Lydian, ride."
+
+"By the dog, Gyges!" exclaimed Croesus.
+
+     [An oath of Rhadamanthus used in order to avoid mentioning the names
+     of the gods.  Schol.  Aristoph.  Aves.  520.]
+
+"What brings thee here at this hour?  I begged thee not to quit Bartja's
+side .  .  .  But how thou look'st!  what is the matter? has aught
+happened? speak, speak!"
+
+In the first moment Gyges could not answer a word.  To see his beloved
+father, for whose very life he had been in such anxiety, a safe and happy
+guest at this rich banquet, seemed to rob him of his speech a second
+time.  At last, however, he was able to say: "The gods be praised, my
+father, that I see thee safe once more!  Think not I forsook my post
+thoughtlessly.  Alas! I am forced to appear as a bird of evil omen in
+this cheerful assembly.  Know at once, ye guests, for I dare not lose
+time in preparing my words, that a treacherous assault awaits ye!"
+
+They all sprang up as if struck by lightning.  Aristomachus silently
+loosened his sword in its scabbard; Phanes extended his arms as if to
+discern whether the old athletic elasticity still dwelt there.
+
+"What can it be?--what is their design?"  echoed from all sides.
+
+"This house is surrounded by Ethiopian soldiers!"  answered Gyges.
+"A faithful fellow confided to me that the crown-prince had designs on
+one of your number; he was to be taken alive if possible, but killed if
+he resisted.  Dreading lest thou shouldst be this victim, my father,
+I sped hither.  The fellow had not lied.  This house is surrounded.  My
+horse shied on reaching your garden-gate, Rhodopis, jaded as he was.  I
+dismounted, and could discern behind every bush the glitter of weapons
+and the eager eyes of men lying in ambush.  They allowed us, however, to
+enter unmolested."
+
+At this moment Knakias rushed in crying, "Important news!  On my way to
+the Nile to fetch water with which to prepare the wine-cup, I have just
+met a man who, in his haste, nearly ran over me.
+
+     [The water of the Nile has a very agreeable flavor.  It is called by
+     one traveller the champagne among the waters.  The ladies of the
+     Sultan's harem send for this water even from Constantinople, and the
+     Arabs say, that if Mahomet had drunk thereof he would have desired
+     to live for ever.]
+
+It was an Ethiop, one of Phanes' boatmen, and he tells that just as he
+sprang out of the boat to bathe, a royal bark came alongside and a
+soldier asked the rest of the crew in whose service they were.  On the
+helmsman answering, 'in Phanes' service,' the royal boat passed on
+slowly.  He, however, (the rower who was bathing), seated himself in fun
+on the rudder of the royal boat, and heard one Ethiopian soldier on board
+say to another, 'Keep that craft well in sight; now we know where the
+bird sits, and it will be easy to catch him.  Remember, Psamtik has
+promised us fifty gold rings if we bring the Athenian to Sais dead or
+alive.'  This is the report of Sebek, who has been in your service seven
+years, O Phanes."
+
+To both these accounts Phanes listened calmly.  Rhodopis trembled.
+Aristomachus exclaimed, "Not a hair of your head shall be touched, if
+Egypt perish for it!"  Croesus advised prudence.  A tremendous excitement
+had mastered the whole party.
+
+At last Phanes broke silence, saying: "Reflection is never more necessary
+than in a time of danger.  I have thought the matter over, and see
+clearly that escape will be difficult.  The Egyptians will try to get
+rid of me quietly.  They know that I intend going on board a Phoecean
+trireme, which sets sail for Sigeum at a very early hour to-morrow
+morning, and have therefore no time to lose, if they will seize me.  Your
+garden, Rhodopis, is entirely surrounded, and were I to remain here, your
+house would no longer be respected as a sanctuary; it would be searched
+and I taken in it.  There can be no doubt that a watch has been set over
+the Phoecean ship also.  Blood shall not be shed in vain on my account."
+
+"But  you  dare  not  surrender!"  cried  Aristomachus.
+
+"No, no, I have a plan," shouted Theopompus the Milesian merchant.  "At
+sunrise to-morrow a ship sails for Miletus laden with Egyptian corn, but
+not from Naukratis, from Canopus.  Take the noble Persian's horse and
+ride thither.  We will cut a way for you through the garden."
+
+"But," said Gyges, "our little band is not strong enough to carry out
+such an attempt.  We number in all ten men, and of these only three have
+swords; our enemies, on the other hand, number at least a hundred, and
+are armed to the teeth."
+
+"Lydian!"  cried Aristomachus, "wert thou ten times more fainthearted
+than thou art, and were our enemies double their number, I at least, will
+fight them!"
+
+Phanes grasped his friend's hand.  Gyges turned pale.  This brave warrior
+had called him fainthearted; and again he could find no words to answer;
+for at every stirring emotion his tongue failed him.  Suddenly the blood
+mounted to his face; his words came quickly and with decision: "Athenian,
+follow me! and thou, Spartan, who art not wont to use words heedlessly,
+call no man fainthearted again before thou knowest him.  Friends, Phanes
+is safe,  Farewell, father!"
+
+The remaining guests surveyed these two departing men in silent wonder.
+As they stood there, silently listening, the sound of two horses
+galloping swiftly away fell on their ear, and after a longer interval a
+prolonged whistle from the Nile and a cry of distress.
+
+"Where is Knakias?"  said Rhodopis to one of her slaves.
+
+"He went into the garden with Phanes and the Persian," was the answer,
+and as it was being spoken, the old slave re-entered, pale and trembling.
+
+"Have you seen my son?"  cried Croesus.  "Where is Phanes?"
+
+"I was to bid you farewell from them both."
+
+"Then they are gone.--Whither?  How was it possible?" .  .  .
+
+"The Athenian and the Persian," began the slave, "had a slight dispute in
+the anteroom.  This over, I was told to divest both of their robes.
+Phanes then put on the stranger's trousers, coat and girdle; on his own
+curls he placed the pointed Persian cap.  The stranger wrapped himself in
+the Athenian's chiton and mantle, placed the golden circlet above his
+brow, caused the hair to be shaved from his upper lip, and ordered me to
+follow him into the garden.  Phanes, whom in his present dress, none
+could imagine to be other than a Persian, mounted one of the horses still
+waiting before the gate; the stranger called after him, 'Farewell Gyges,
+farewell beloved Persian, a pleasant journey to thee, Gyges!'  The
+servant, who had been waiting, followed on the other horse.  I could hear
+the clatter of arms among the bushes, but the Athenian was allowed to
+depart unmolested, the soldiers, without doubt, believing him to be a
+Persian.
+
+"On returning to the house the stranger's orders were: 'Accompany me to
+Phanes' bark, and cease not to call me by the Athenian's name.'  'But the
+boatmen will betray you,' I said.  'Then go alone to them,' he answered,
+'and command them to receive me as their master, Phanes.'  Then I prayed
+him to allow me to take the dress of the fugitive and become a prey to
+the pursuers; but he would by no means allow this, and said my gait and
+carriage would betray me.  There alas! he spoke truly, for only the free
+man can walk erect; the neck of the slave is bent; the schools in which
+the noble and the freeborn learn grace and beauty of movement are not for
+him.  And so it must remain, the children must be even as the fathers;
+can the unclean onion-root produce a rose, or the unsightly radish a
+hyacinth?  Constant bondage bows the neck of the slave, but the
+consciousness of freedom gives dignity to the stature."
+
+"But what has become of my son?"  interrupted Croesus.
+
+"He would not accept my poor offer, and took his seat in the bark,
+sending a thousand greetings unto thee, O king!  I cried after him,
+'Farewell Phanes!  I wish thee a prosperous journey, Phanes!'  At that
+moment a cloud crossed the moon; and from out the thick darkness I heard
+screams, and cries for help; they did not, however, last long, a shrill
+whistle followed, then all was silent; and the measured strokes of oars
+were the only sounds that fell on my ear.  I was on the point of
+returning to relate what I had seen, when the boatman Sebek swam up once
+more and told as follows: The Egyptians had caused a leak to be made in
+Phanes' boat, and at a short distance from land it had filled and began
+to sink.  On the boatmen crying for help, the royal bark, which was
+following, had come up and taken the supposed Phanes on board, but had
+prevented the rowers from leaving their benches.  They all went down with
+the leaking boat, the daring Sebek alone excepted.  Gyges is on board the
+royal boat; Phanes has escaped, for that whistle must have been intended
+for the soldiers in ambush at the garden-gate.  I searched the bushes,
+the soldiers were gone, and I could hear the sound of their voices and
+weapons on their way back to Sais."
+
+The guests listened with eager attention to this tale.  At its close a
+mingled feeling of relief and anxiety was felt by all; relief that their
+favorite companion had escaped so fearful a danger, anxiety for the brave
+young Lydian who had risked his life to save him.  They praised his
+generosity, congratulated Croesus on possessing such a son, and finally
+agreed in the conclusion, that, when the crown-prince discovered the
+error into which his emissaries had fallen, he must certainly release
+Gyges, and even make him compensation for what he had suffered at their
+hands.
+
+The friendship already shown by Amasis, and the fear in which he
+evidently stood of the Persian power, were the thoughts which had power
+to calm Croesus, who soon left, in order to pass the night at the house
+of Theopompus, the Milesian merchant.  At parting, Aristomachus said:
+"Salute Gyges in my name; tell him I ask his forgiveness, and hope one
+day either to enjoy his friendship, or, if that cannot be, to meet him as
+a fair foe on the field of battle."
+
+"Who knows what the future may bring?"  answered Croesus giving his hand
+to the Spartan.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+The sun of a new day had risen over Egypt, but was still low in the east;
+the copious dew, which, on the Nile, supplies the place of rain, lay
+sparkling like jewels on the leaves and blossoms, and the morning air,
+freshened by a north-west wind, invited those to enjoy it who could not
+bear the heat of mid-day.
+
+Through the door of the country-house, now so well known to us, two
+female figures have just passed; Melitta, the old slave, and Sappho, the
+grandchild of Rhodopis.
+
+The latter is not less lovely now, than when we saw her last, asleep.
+She moves through the garden with a light quick step, her white morning
+robe with its wide sleeves falling in graceful drapery over her lithe
+limbs, the thick brown hair straying from beneath the purple kerchief
+over her head, and a merry, roguish smile lurking round her rosy mouth
+and in the dimples of her cheeks and chin.
+
+She stooped to pick a rose, dashed the dew from it into the face of her
+old nurse, laughing at her naughty trick till the clear bell-like tones
+rang through the garden; fixed the flower in her dress and began to sing
+in a wonderfully rich and sweet voice--
+
+                    Cupid once upon a bed
+                    Of roses laid his weary head;
+                    Luckless urchin! not to see
+                    Within the leaves a slumbering bee.
+                    The bee awak'd--with anger wild
+                    The bee awak'd, and stung the child.
+                    Loud and piteous are his cries;
+                    To Venus quick he runs, he flies;
+                    "Oh mother!  I am wounded through--
+                    "I die with pain--in sooth I do!
+                    "Stung by some little angry thing.
+                    "Some serpent on a tiny wing,
+                    "A bee it was--for once, I know,
+                    "I heard a rustic call it so."
+
+"Isn't that a very pretty song?"  asked the laughing girl.  "How stupid
+of little Eros to mistake a bee for a winged snake!  Grandmother says
+that the great poet Anacreon wrote another verse to this song, but she
+will not teach it me.  Tell me, Melitta, what can there be in that verse?
+There, you are smiling; dear, darling Melitta, do sing me that one verse.
+Perhaps though, you don't know it yourself?  No?  then certainly you
+can't teach it me."
+
+"That is a new song," answered the old woman, evading her darling's
+question, "I only know the songs of the good old times.  But hark! did
+not you hear a knock at the gate?"
+
+     [The last lines which contain the point of this song are:
+
+                    Thus he spoke, and she, the while,
+                    Heard him with a soothing smile;
+                    Then said, "My infant, if so much
+                    "Thou feel the little wild bee's touch,
+                    "How must the heart, ah!  Cupid be,
+                    "The hapless heart that's stung by thee?"
+
+     --Translation from one of Anacreon's songs]
+
+"Yes, of course I did, and I think the sound of horses' hoofs too.  Go
+and see who seeks admission so early.  Perhaps, after all, our kind
+Phanes did not go away yesterday, and has come to bid us farewell once
+more."
+
+"Phanes is gone," said Melitta, becoming serious, "and Rhodopis has
+ordered me to send you in when visitors arrive.  Go child, that I may
+open the gate.  There, they have knocked again."
+
+Sappho pretended to run in, but instead of obeying her nurse's orders,
+stopped and hid herself behind a rose-bush, hoping to catch sight of
+these early guests.  In the fear of needlessly distressing her, she had
+not been told of the events of the previous evening, and at this early
+hour could only expect to see some very intimate friend of her
+grandmother's.
+
+Melitta opened the gate and admitted a youth splendidly apparelled, and
+with fair curling hair.
+
+It was Bartja, and Sappho was so lost in wonder at his beauty, and the
+Persian dress, to her so strange, that she remained motionless in her
+hiding-place, her eyes fixed on his face.  Just so she had pictured to
+herself Apollo with the beautiful locks, guiding the sun-chariot.
+
+As Melitta and the stranger came nearer she thrust her little head
+through the roses to hear what the handsome youth was saying so kindly in
+his broken Greek.
+
+She heard him ask hurriedly after Croesus and his son; and then, from
+Melitta's answer, she gathered all that had passed the evening before,
+trembled for Phanes, felt so thankful to the generous Gyges, and again
+wondered who this youth in royal apparel could possibly be.  Rhodopis had
+told her about Cyrus's heroic deeds, the fall of Croesus and the power
+and wealth of the Persians, but still she had always fancied them a wild,
+uncultivated people.  Now, however, her interest in Persia increased with
+every look at the handsome Bartja.  At last Melitta went in to wake her
+grandmother and announce the guest, and Sappho tried to follow her, but
+Eros, the foolish boy whose ignorance she had been mocking a moment
+before, had other intentions.  Her dress caught in the thorns, and before
+she could disengage it, the beautiful Bartja was standing before her,
+helping her to get free from the treacherous bush.
+
+Sappho could not speak a word even of thanks; she blushed deeply, and
+stood smiling and ashamed, with downcast eyes.
+
+Bartja, too, generally so full of fun and spirit, looked down at her
+without speaking, the color mounting to his cheeks.
+
+The silence, however, did not last long, for Sappho, recovering from her
+fright, burst into a laugh of childish delight at the silent stranger and
+the odd scene, and fled towards the house like a timid fawn.
+
+In a moment Bartja was himself again; in two strides he reached the young
+girl, quick as thought seized her hand and held it fast, notwithstanding
+all her struggles.
+
+"Let me go!"  she cried half in earnest and half laughing, raising her
+dark eyes appealingly to him.
+
+"Why should I?"  he answered.  "I took you from the rose-bush and shall
+hold you fast until you give me your sister there, the other rose, from
+your bosom, to take home with me as a keepsake."
+
+"Please let me go," repeated Sappho, "I will promise nothing unless you
+let my hand go."
+
+"But if I do, you will not run away again?"
+
+"Certainly not."
+
+"Well, then, I will give you your liberty, but now you must give me your
+rose."
+
+"There are plenty on the bush yonder, and more beautiful ones; choose
+whichever you like.  Why do you want just this one?"
+
+"To keep it carefully in remembrance of the most beautiful maiden I ever
+saw."
+
+"Then I shall certainly not give it to you; for those are not my real
+friends who tell me I am beautiful, only those who tell me I am good."
+
+"Where did you learn that?"
+
+"From my grandmother Rhodopis."
+
+"Very well, then I will tell you you are better than any other maiden in
+the whole world."
+
+"How can you say such things, when you don't know me at all?  Oh,
+sometimes I am very naughty and disobedient.  If I were really good I
+should be indoors now instead of talking to you here.  My grandmother
+has forbidden me ever to stay in the garden when visitors are here, and
+indeed I don't care for all those strange men who always talk about
+things I cannot understand."
+
+"Then perhaps you would like me to go away too?"
+
+"Oh no, I can understand you quite well; though you cannot speak half so
+beautifully as our poor Phanes for example, who was obliged to escape so
+miserably yesterday evening, as I heard Melitta saying just this minute."
+
+"Did you love Phanes?"
+
+"Love him?  Oh yes,--I was very fond of him.  When I was little he always
+brought me balls, dolls ninepins from Memphis and Sais; and now that I am
+older he teaches me beautiful new songs."
+
+     [Jointed dolls for children.  Wilkinson II. 427. Note 149.  In the
+     Leyden Museum one of these jointed toys is to be seen, in very good
+     preservation.]
+
+"As a parting gift he brought me a tiny Sicilian lapdog, which I am going
+to call Argos, because he is so white and swiftfooted.  But in a few days
+we are to have another present from the good Phanes, for .  .  .  There,
+now you can see what I am; I was just going to let out a great secret.
+My grandmother has strictly forbidden me to tell any one what dear little
+visitors we are expecting; but I feel as if I had known you a long time
+already, and you have such kind eyes that I could tell you everything.
+You see, when I am very happy, I have no one in the whole world to talk
+to about it, except old Melitta and my grandmother, and, I don't know how
+it is, that, though they love me so much, they sometimes cannot
+understand how trifles can make me so happy."
+
+"That is because they are old, and have forgotten what made them happy in
+their youth.  But have you no companions of your own age that you are
+fond of?"
+
+"Not one.  Of course there are many other young girls beside me in
+Naukratis, but my grandmother says I am not to seek their acquaintance,
+and if they will not come to us I am not to go to them."
+
+"Poor child! if you were in Persia, I could soon find you a friend.
+I have a sister called Atossa, who is young and good, like you."
+
+"Oh, what a pity that she did not come here with you!--But now you must
+tell me your name."
+
+"My name is Bartja."
+
+"Bartja! that is a strange name!  Bartja-Bartja.  Do you know, I like it.
+How was the son of Croesus called, who saved our Phanes so generously?"
+
+"Gyges.  Darius, Zopyrus and he are my best friends.  We have sworn never
+to part, and to give up our lives for one another," and that is why I
+came to-day, so early and quite in secret, to help my friend Gyges, in
+case he should need me."
+
+"Then you rode here for nothing."
+
+"No, by Mithras, that indeed I did not, for this ride brought me to you.
+But now you must tell me your name."
+
+"I am called Sappho."
+
+"That is a pretty name, and Gyges sings me sometimes beautiful songs by a
+poetess called Sappho.  Are you related to her?"
+
+"Of course.  She was the sister of my grandfather Charaxus, and is called
+the tenth muse or the Lesbian swan.  I suppose then, your friend Gyges
+speaks Greek better than you do?"
+
+"Yes, he learnt Greek and Lydian together as a little child, and speaks
+them both equally well.  He can speak Persian too, perfectly; and what is
+more, he knows and practises all the Persian virtues."
+
+"Which are the highest virtues then according to you Persians?"
+
+"Truth is the first of all; courage the second, and the third is
+obedience; these three, joined with veneration for the gods, have made us
+Persians great."
+
+"But I thought you worshipped no gods?"
+
+"Foolish child! who could live without a god, without a higher ruler?
+True, they do not dwell in houses and pictures like the gods of the
+Egyptians, for the whole creation is their dwelling.  The Divinity, who
+must be in every place, and must see and hear everything, cannot be
+confined within walls."
+
+"Where do you pray then and offer sacrifice, if you have no temples?"
+
+"On the grandest of all altars, nature herself; our favorite altar is the
+summit of a mountain.  There we are nearest to our own god, Mithras, the
+mighty sun, and to Auramazda, the pure creative light; for there the
+light lingers latest and returns earliest."
+
+     [From Herodotus (I. 131 and 132.), and from many other sources, we
+     see clearly that at the time of the Achaemenidae the Persians had
+     neither temples nor images of their gods.  Auramazda and
+     Angramainjus, the principles of good and evil, were invisible
+     existences filling all creation with their countless train of good
+     and evil spirits.  Eternity created fire and water.  From these
+     Ormusd (Auramazda), the good spirit, took his origin.  He was
+     brilliant as the light, pure and good.  After having, in the course
+     of 12000 years, created heaven, paradise and the stars, he became
+     aware of the existence of an evil spirit, Ahriman (Angramainjus),
+     black, unclean, malicious and emitting an evil odor.  Ormusd
+     determined on his destruction, and a fierce strife began, in which
+     Ormusd was the victor, and the evil spirit lay 3000 years
+     unconscious from the effects of terror.  During this interval Ormusd
+     created the sky, the waters, the earth, all useful plants, trees and
+     herbs, the ox and the first pair of human beings in one year.
+     Ahriman, after this, broke loose, and was overcome but not slain.
+     As, after death, the four elements of which all things are composed,
+     Earth, Air, Fire and Water, become reunited with their primitive
+     elements; and as, at the resurrection-day, everything that has been
+     severed combines once more, and nothing returns into oblivion, all
+     is reunited to its primitive elements, Ahriman could only have been
+     slain if his impurity could have been transmuted into purity, his
+     darkness into light.  And so evil continued to exist, and to produce
+     impurity and evil wherever and whenever the good spirit created the
+     pure and good.  This strife must continue until the last day; but
+     then Ahriman, too, will become pure and holy; the Diws or Daewa
+     (evil spirits) will have absorbed his evil, and themselves have
+     ceased to exist.  For the evil spirits which dwell in every human
+     being, and are emanations from Ahriman, will be destroyed in the
+     punishment inflicted on men after death.  From Vuller's Ulmai Islam
+     and the Zend-Avesta.]
+
+"Light alone is pure and good; darkness is unclean and evil.  Yes,
+maiden, believe me, God is nearest to us on the mountains; they are his
+favorite resting-place.  Have you never stood on the wooded summit of a
+high mountain, and felt, amid the solemn silence of nature, the still and
+soft, but awful breath of Divinity hovering around you?  Have you
+prostrated yourself in the green forest, by a pure spring, or beneath the
+open sky, and listened for the voice of God speaking from among the
+leaves and waters?  Have you beheld the flame leaping up to its parent
+the sun, and bearing with it, in the rising column of smoke, our prayers
+to the radiant Creator?  You listen now in wonder, but I tell you, you
+would kneel and worship too with me, could I but take you to one of our
+mountain-altars."
+
+"Oh! if I only could go there with you! if I might only once look down
+from some high mountain over all the woods and meadows, rivers and
+valleys.  I think, up there, where nothing could be hidden from my eyes,
+I should feel like an all-seeing Divinity myself.  But hark, my
+grandmother is calling.  I must go."
+
+"Oh, do not leave me yet!"
+
+"Is not obedience one of the Persian virtues?"
+
+"But my rose?"
+
+"Here it is."
+
+"Shall you remember me?"
+
+"Why should I not?"
+
+"Sweet maiden, forgive me if I ask one more favor."
+
+"Yes, but ask it quickly, for my grandmother has just called again."
+
+"Take my diamond star as a remembrance of this hour."
+
+"No, I dare not."
+
+"Oh, do, do take it.  My father gave it me as a reward, the first time
+that I killed a bear with my own hand, and it has been my dearest
+treasure till to-day, but now you shall have it, for you are dearer to me
+than anything else in the world."
+
+Saying this, he took the chain and star from his breast, and tried to
+hang it round Sappho's neck.  She resisted, but Bartja threw his arms
+round her, kissed her forehead, called her his only love, and looking
+down deep into the eyes of the trembling child, placed it round her neck
+by gentle force.
+
+Rhodopis called a third time.  Sappho broke from the young prince's
+embrace, and was running away, but turned once more at his earnest
+entreaty and the question, "When may I see you again?" and answered
+softly, "To-morrow morning at this rose-bush."
+
+"Which held you fast to be my friend."
+
+Sappho sped towards the house.  Rhodopis received Bartja, and
+communicated to him all she knew of his friend's fate, after which the
+young Persian departed for Sais.
+
+When Rhodopis visited her grandchild's bed that evening, she did not find
+her sleeping peacefully as usual; her lips moved, and she sighed deeply,
+as if disturbed by vexing dreams.
+
+On his way back, Bartja met Darius and Zopyrus, who had followed at once
+on hearing of their friend's secret departure.  They little guessed that
+instead of encountering an enemy, Bartja had met his first love.  Croesus
+reached Sais a short time before the three friends.  He went at once to
+the king and informed him without reserve of the events of the preceding
+evening.  Amasis pretended much surprise at his son's conduct, assured
+his friend that Gyges should be released at once, and indulged in some
+ironical jokes at the discomfiture of Psamtik's attempt to revenge
+himself.
+
+Croesus had no sooner quitted the king than the crown-prince was
+announced.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+Amasis received his son with a burst of laughter, and without noticing
+Psamtik's pale and troubled countenance, shouted: "Did not I tell thee,
+that a simple Egyptian would find it no easy task to catch such a Greek
+fox?  I would have given ten cities to have been by, when thy captive
+proved to be the stammering Lydian instead of the voluble Athenian."
+
+Psamtik grew paler and paler, and trembling with rage, answered in a
+suppressed voice: "Is it well, my father, thus to rejoice at an affront
+offered to thy son?  I swear, by the eternal gods, that but for Cambyses'
+sake that shameless Lydian had not seen the light of another day.  But
+what is it to thee, that thy son becomes a laughing-stock to these
+beggarly Greeks!"
+
+"Abuse not those who have outwitted thee."
+
+"Outwitted! my plan was so subtly laid, that .  .  .
+
+"The finer the web, the sooner broken."
+
+"That that intriguing Greek could not possibly have escaped, if, in
+violation of all established precedents; the envoy of a foreign power had
+not taken it upon himself to rescue a man whom we had condemned."
+
+"There thou art in error, my son.  We are not speaking of the execution
+of a judicial sentence, but of the success or failure of an attempt at
+personal revenge."
+
+"The agents employed were, however, commissioned by the king, and
+therefore the smallest satisfaction that I can demand of thee, is to
+solicit from Cambyses the punishment of him who has interfered in the
+execution of the royal decrees.  In Persia, where men bow to the king's
+will as to the will of a god, this crime will be seen in all its
+heinousness.  The punishment of Gyges is a debt which Cambyses owes us."
+
+"But I have no intention of demanding the payment of this debt," answered
+Amasis.  "On the contrary, I am thankful that Phanes has escaped.  Gyges
+has saved my soul from the guilt of shedding innocent blood, and thine
+from the reproach of having revenged thyself meanly on a man, to whom thy
+father is indebted."
+
+"Wilt thou then conceal the whole affair from Cambyses?"
+
+"No, I shall mention it jestingly in a letter, as my manner is, and at
+the same time caution him against Phanes.  I shall tell him that he has
+barely escaped my vengeance, and will therefore certainly endeavor to
+stir up the power of Persia against Egypt; and shall entreat my future
+son-in-law to close his ears to this false accuser.  Croesus and Gyges
+can help us by their friendship more than Phanes can injure by his
+hatred."
+
+"Is this then thy final resolve?  Can I expect no satisfaction?"
+
+"None.  I abide by what I have said."
+
+"Then tremble, not alone before Phanes, but before another--before one
+who holds thee in his power, and who himself is in ours."
+
+"Thou thinkest to alarm me; thou wouldst rend the bond formed only
+yesterday?  Psamtik, Psamtik, I counsel thee to remember, that thou
+standest before thy father and thy king."
+
+"And thou, forget not that I am thy son!  If thou compell'st me to forget
+that the gods appointed thee to be my father--if I can hope for no help
+from thee, then I will resort to my own weapons."
+
+"I am curious to learn what these may be."
+
+"And I need not conceal them.  Know then that the oculist Nebenchari is
+in our power."
+
+Amasis turned pale.
+
+"Before thou couldst possibly imagine that Cambyses would sue for the
+hand of thy daughter, thou sentest this man to the distant realm of
+Persia, in order to rid thyself of one who shared thy knowledge of the
+real descent of my, so-called, sister Nitetis.  He is still there, and at
+a hint from the priests will disclose to Cambyses that he has been
+deceived, and that thou hast ventured to send him, instead of thine own,
+the child of thy dethroned predecessor Hophra.  All Nebenchari's papers
+are in our possession, the most important being a letter in thine own
+hand promising his father, who assisted at Nitetis' birth, a thousand
+gold rings, as an inducement to secrecy even from the priests."
+
+"In whose hands are these papers?"  asked Amasis in a freezing tone.
+
+"In the hands of the priesthood."
+
+"Who speak by thy mouth?"
+
+"Thou hast said it."
+
+"Repeat then thy requests."
+
+"Entreat Cambyses to punish Gyges, and grant me free powers to pursue the
+escaped Phanes as it shall seem good in mine eyes."
+
+"Is that all?"
+
+"Bind thyself by a solemn oath to the priests, that the Greeks shall be
+prevented from erecting any more temples to their false gods in Egypt,
+and that the building of the temple to Apollo, in Memphis, shall be
+discontinued."
+
+"I expected these demands.  The priests have discovered a sharp weapon to
+wield against me.  Well, I am prepared to yield to the wishes of my
+enemies, with whom thou hast leagued thyself, but only on two conditions.
+First, I insist that the letter, which I confess to have written to the
+father of Nebenchari in a moment of inconsideration, be restored to me.
+If left in the hands of thy party, it could reduce me from a king to the
+contemptible slave of priestly intrigue."
+
+"That wish is reasonable.  The letter shall be returned to thee, if....."
+
+"Not another if! on the contrary, know that I consider thy petition for
+the punishment of Gyges so imprudent, that I refuse to grant it.  Now
+leave me and appear not again before mine eyes until I summon thee!
+Yesterday I gained a son, only to lose him to-day.  Rise! I demand no
+tokens of a love and humility, which thou hast never felt.  Go to the
+priests when thou needest comfort and counsel, and see if they can supply
+a father's place.  Tell Neithotep, in whose hands thou art as wax, that
+he has found the best means of forcing me to grant demands, which
+otherwise I should have refused.  Hitherto I have been willing to make
+every sacrifice for the sake of upholding Egypt's greatness; but now,
+when I see that, to attain their own ends, the priests can strive to move
+me by the threat of treachery to their own country, I feel inclined to
+regard this privileged caste as a more dangerous enemy to Egypt, than
+even the Persians.  Beware, beware!  This once, having brought danger
+upon Egypt through my own fatherly weakness, I give way to the intrigues
+of my enemies; but, for the future, I swear by the great goddess Neith,
+that men shall see and feel I am king; the entire priesthood shall be
+sacrificed rather than the smallest fraction of my royal will!  Silence
+--depart!"
+
+The prince left, but this time a longer interval was necessary, before
+the king could regain even outward cheerfulness sufficient to enable him
+to appear before his guests.
+
+Psamtik went at once to the commander of the native troops, ordered him
+to banish the Egyptian captain who had failed in executing his revengeful
+plans, to the quarries of Thebais, and to send the Ethiopians back to
+their native country.  He then hurried to the high-priest of Neith, to
+inform him how much he had been able to extort from the king,
+
+Neithotep shook his head doubtfully on hearing of Amasis' threats, and
+dismissed the prince with a few words of exhortation, a practice he never
+omitted.
+
+Psamtik returned home, his heart oppressed and his mind clouded with a
+sense of unsatisfied revenge, of a new and unhappy rupture with his
+father, a fear of foreign derision, a feeling of his subjection to the
+will of the priests, and of a gloomy fate which had hung over his head
+since his birth.
+
+His once beautiful wife was dead; and, of five blooming children, only
+one daughter remained to him, and a little son, whom he loved tenderly,
+and to whom in this sad moment he felt drawn.  For the blue eyes and
+laughing mouth of his child were the only objects that ever thawed this
+man's icy heart, and from these he now hoped for consolation and courage
+on his weary road through life.
+
+"Where is my son?"  he asked of the first attendant who crossed his path.
+
+"The king has just sent for the Prince Necho and his nurse," answered the
+man.
+
+At this moment the high-steward of the prince's household approached, and
+with a low obeisance delivered to Psamtik a sealed papyrus letter, with
+the words: "From your father, the king."
+
+In angry haste he broke the yellow wax of the seal bearing the king's
+name, and read: "I have sent for thy son, that he may not become, like
+his father, a blind instrument in the hands of the priesthood, forgetful
+of what is due to himself and his country.  His education shall be my
+care, for the impressions of childhood affect the whole of a man's later
+life.  Thou canst see him if thou wilt, but I must be acquainted with thy
+intention beforehand."
+
+     [Signet rings were worn by the Egyptians at a very early period.
+     Thus, in Genesis 41. 42., Pharaoh puts his ring on Joseph's hand.
+     In the Berlin Museum and all other collections of Egyptian
+     antiquities, numbers of these rings are to be found, many of which
+     are more than 4000 years old.]
+
+Psamtik concealed his indignation from the surrounding attendants with
+difficulty.  The mere wish of a royal father had, according to Egyptian
+custom, as much weight as the strictest command.  After reflecting a few
+moments, he called for huntsmen, dogs, bows and lances, sprang into a
+light chariot and commanded the charioteer to drive him to the western
+marshes, where, in pursuing the wild beasts of the desert, he could
+forget the weight of his own cares and wreak on innocent creatures his
+hitherto baffled vengeance.
+
+Gyges was released immediately after the conversation between his father
+and Amasis, and welcomed with acclamations of joy by his companions.  The
+Pharaoh seemed desirous of atoning for the imprisonment of his friend's
+son by doubling his favors, for on the same day Gyges received from the
+king a magnificent chariot drawn by two noble brown steeds, and was
+begged to take back with him to Persia a curiously-wrought set of
+draughts, as a remembrance of Sais.  The separate pieces were made of
+ebony and ivory, some being curiously inlaid with sentences, in
+hieroglyphics of gold and silver.
+
+Amasis laughed heartily with his friends at Gyges' artifice, allowed the
+young heroes to mix freely with his family, and behaved towards them
+himself as a jovial father towards his merry sons.  That the ancient
+Egyptian was not quite extinguished in him could only be discerned at
+meal-times, when a separate table was allotted to the Persians.  The
+religion of his ancestors would have pronounced him defiled, had he eaten
+at the same table with men of another nation.
+
+     [Herodotus II. 41. says that the Egyptians neither kissed, nor ate
+     out of the same dish with foreigners, nay, indeed, that they refused
+     to touch meat, in the cutting up of which the knife of a Greek had
+     been used.  Nor were the lesser dynasties of the Delta allowed,
+     according to the Stela of Pianchi, to cross the threshold of the
+     Pharaohs because they were unclean and ate fish.  In the book of
+     Genesis, the brethren of Joseph were not allowed to eat bread with
+     the Egyptians.]
+
+When Amasis, at last, three days after the release of Gyges, declared
+that his daughter Nitetis would be prepared to depart for Asia in the
+course of two more weeks, all the Persians regretted that their stay in
+Egypt was so near its close.
+
+Croesus had enjoyed the society of the Samian poets and sculptors.  Gyges
+had shared his father's preference for Greek art and artists.  Darius,
+who had formerly studied astronomy in Babylon,  was one evening observing
+the heavens, when, to his surprise, he was addressed by the aged
+Neithotep and invited to follow him on to the temple-roof.  Darius, ever
+eager to acquire knowledge, did not wait to be asked twice, and was to be
+found there every night in earnest attention to the old priest's lessons.
+
+On one occasion Psamtik met him thus with his master, and asked the
+latter what could have induced him to initiate a Persian in the Egyptian
+mysteries.
+
+"I am only teaching him," answered the high-priest, "what is as well
+known to every learned Chaldee in Babylon as to ourselves, and am thereby
+gaining the friendship of a man, whose stars as far outshine those of
+Cambyses as the sun outshines the moon.  This Darius, I tell thee, will
+be a mighty ruler.  I have even seen the beams of his planet shining over
+Egypt.  The truly wise man extends his gaze into the future, regards the
+objects lying on either side of his road, as well as the road itself.
+Thou canst not know in which of the many houses by which thou passest
+daily, a future benefactor may not have been reared for thee.  Leave
+nought unnoticed that lies in thy path, but above all direct thy gaze
+upward to the stars.  As the faithful dog lies in wait night after night
+for thieves, so have I watched these pilgrims of the heavens fifty years
+long--these foretellers of the fates of men, burning in ethereal space,
+and announcing, not only the return of summer and winter, but the arrival
+of good and bad fortune, honor and disgrace.  These are the unerring
+guides, who have pointed out to me in Darius a plant, that will one day
+wax into a mighty tree."
+
+To Bartja, Darius' nightly studies were especially welcome; they
+necessitated more sleep in the morning, and so rendered Bartja's stolen
+early rides to Naukratis, (on which Zopyrus, to whom he had confided his
+secret, accompanied him), easier of accomplishment.  During the
+interviews with Sappho, Zopyrus and the attendants used all their
+endeavors to kill a few snipes, jackals or jerboas.  They could then, on
+their return, maintain to their Mentor Croesus, that they had been
+pursuing fieldsports, the favorite occupation of the Persian nobility.
+
+The change which the power of a first love had wrought in the innermost
+character of Bartja, passed unnoticed by all but Tachot, the daughter of
+Amasis.  From the first day on which they had spoken together she had
+loved him, and her quick feelings told her at once that something had
+happened to estrange him from herself.  Formerly his behavior had been
+that of a brother, and he had sought her companionship; but now he
+carefully avoided every approach to intimacy, for he had guessed her
+secret and felt as if even a kind look would have been an offence against
+his loyalty to Sappho.
+
+In her distress at this change Tachot confided her sorrows to Nitetis.
+The latter bade her take courage, and the two girls built many a castle
+in the air, picturing to themselves the happiness of being always
+together at one court, and married to two royal brothers.  But as the
+days went by, the visits of the handsome prince became more and more
+rare, and when he did come, his behavior to Tachot was cold and distant.
+Yet the poor girl could not but confess that Bartja had grown handsomer
+and more manly during his stay in Egypt.  An expression of proud and yet
+gentle consciousness lay beaming in his large eyes, and a strange dreamy
+air of rest often took the place of his former gay spirits.  His cheeks
+had lost their brilliant color, but that added to his beauty, while it
+lessened hers, who, like him, became paler from day to day.
+
+Melitta, the old slave, had taken the lovers under her protection.  She
+had surprised them one morning, but the prince had given her such rich
+presents, and her darling had begged, flattered and coaxed so sweetly,
+that at last Melitta promised to keep their secret, and later, yielding
+to that natural impulse which moves all old women to favor lovers, had
+even given them every assistance in her power.  She already saw her
+"sweet child" mistress of a hemisphere, often addressed her as "my
+Princess" and "my Queen" when none were by to hear, and in many a weak
+moment imagined a brilliant future for herself in some high office at the
+Persian court.
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+A kind word hath far more power than an angry one
+Abuse not those who have outwitted thee
+Cannot understand how trifles can make me so happy
+Confess I would rather provoke a lioness than a woman
+Curiosity is a woman's vice
+I cannot .  .  .  Say rather: I will not
+In this immense temple man seemed a dwarf in his own eyes
+Know how to honor beauty; and prove it by taking many wives
+Mosquito-tower with which nearly every house was provided
+Natural impulse which moves all old women to favor lovers
+Sent for a second interpreter
+Sing their libels on women (Greek Philosophers)
+Those are not my real friends who tell me I am beautiful
+Young Greek girls pass their sad childhood in close rooms
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS, BY EBERS, V3 ***
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+************This file should be named 5452.txt or 5452.zip ************
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