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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01ec268 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #54131 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54131) diff --git a/old/54131-0.txt b/old/54131-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 650b191..0000000 --- a/old/54131-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5887 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary -- Volume 33, No. -12, December 1879, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The American Missionary -- Volume 33, No. 12, December 1879 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 9, 2017 [EBook #54131] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY *** - - - - -Produced by KarenD, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - - - - - - - - - - VOL. XXXIII. No. 12. - - - THE - - AMERICAN MISSIONARY. - - * * * * * - - “To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.” - - * * * * * - - DECEMBER, 1879. - - - - - _CONTENTS_: - - - THE ANNUAL MEETING. - - PARAGRAPHS 353 - THE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK 354 - PROCEEDINGS 355 - GENERAL SURVEY 356 - REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE 368 - - - THE FREEDMEN. - - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK 368 - REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK 370 - PROVIDENTIAL CALLS: Rev. M. E. Strieby, D. D. 372 - THE NEGRO IN AMERICA: Prest. R. H. Merrell, D. D. 378 - CHURCH WORK IN THE SOUTH: Rev. C. L. Woodworth 384 - - - AFRICA. - - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 388 - THE MENDI COUNTRY: Rev. G. D. Pike 390 - - - THE INDIANS. - - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 394 - THE INDIAN QUESTION: Rev. H. A. Stimson 395 - - - THE CHINESE. - - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 401 - AMERICA AND CHINA: Rev. J. H. Twichell 402 - - * * * * * - - NEW YORK: - - Published by the American Missionary Association, - - ROOMS, 56 READE STREET. - - * * * * * - - Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance. - -Entered at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., as second-class matter. - - - - - American Missionary Association, - - 56 READE STREET, N. Y. - - * * * * * - - - PRESIDENT. - - HON. E. S. TOBEY, Boston. - - - VICE-PRESIDENTS. - - Hon. F. D. PARISH, Ohio. - Hon. E. D. HOLTON, Wis. - Hon. WILLIAM CLAFLIN, Mass. - ANDREW LESTER, Esq., N. Y. - Rev. STEPHEN THURSTON, D. D., Me. - Rev. SAMUEL HARRIS, D. D., Ct. - WM. C. CHAPIN, Esq., R. I. - Rev. W. T. EUSTIS, D. D., Mass. - Hon. A. C. BARSTOW, R. I. - Rev. THATCHER THAYER, D. D., R. I. - Rev. RAY PALMER, D. D., N. J. - Rev. EDWARD BEECHER, D. D., N. Y. - Rev. J. M. STURTEVANT, D. D., Ill. - Rev. W. W. PATTON, D. D., D. C. - Hon. SEYMOUR STRAIGHT, La. - HORACE HALLOCK, Esq., Mich. - Rev. CYRUS W. WALLACE, D. D., N. H. - Rev. EDWARD HAWES, D. D., Ct. - DOUGLAS PUTNAM, Esq., Ohio. - Hon. THADDEUS FAIRBANKS, Vt. - SAMUEL D. PORTER, Esq., N. Y. - Rev. M. M. G. DANA, D. D., Minn. - Rev. H. W. BEECHER, N. Y. - Gen. O. O. HOWARD, Oregon. - Rev. G. F. MAGOUN, D. D., Iowa. - Col. C. G. HAMMOND, Ill. - EDWARD SPAULDING, M. D., N. H. - DAVID RIPLEY, Esq., N. J. - Rev. WM. M. BARBOUR, D. D., Ct. - Rev. W. L. GAGE, D. D., Ct. - A. S. HATCH, Esq., N. Y. - Rev. J. H. FAIRCHILD, D. D., Ohio. - Rev. H. A. STIMSON, Minn. - Rev. J. W. STRONG, D. D., Minn. - Rev. A. L. STONE, D. D., California. - Rev. G. H. ATKINSON, D. D., Oregon. - Rev. J. E. RANKIN, D. D., D. C. - Rev. A. L. CHAPIN, D. D., Wis. - S. D. SMITH, Esq., Mass. - PETER SMITH, Esq., Mass. - Dea. JOHN C. WHITIN, Mass. - Hon. J. B. GRINNELL, Iowa. - Rev. WM. T. CARR, Ct. - Rev. HORACE WINSLOW, Ct. - Sir PETER COATS, Scotland. - Rev. HENRY ALLON, D. D., London, Eng. - WM. E. WHITING, Esq., N. Y. - J. M. PINKERTON, Esq., Mass. - E. A. GRAVES, Esq., N. J. - Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D. D., Ill. - DANIEL HAND, Esq., Ct. - A. L. WILLISTON, Esq., Mass. - Rev. A. F. BEARD, D. D., N. Y. - FREDERICK BILLINGS, Esq., Vt. - JOSEPH CARPENTER, Esq., R. I. - Rev. E. P. GOODWIN, D. D., Ill. - Rev. C. L. GOODELL, D. D., Mo. - J. W. SCOVILLE, Esq., Ill. - E. W. BLATCHFORD, Esq., Ill. - C. D. TALCOTT, Esq., Ct. - Rev. JOHN K. MCLEAN, D. D., Cal. - Rev. RICHARD CORDLEY, D. D., Kansas. - - - CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. - - REV. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._ - - - DISTRICT SECRETARIES. - - REV. C. L. WOODWORTH, _Boston_. - REV. G. D. PIKE, _New York_. - REV. JAS. POWELL, _Chicago_. - - H. W. HUBBARD, ESQ., _Treasurer, N. Y._ - REV. M. E. STRIEBY, _Recording Secretary_. - - - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. - - ALONZO S. BALL, - A. S. BARNES, - GEO. M. BOYNTON, - WM. B. BROWN, - C. T. CHRISTENSEN, - CLINTON B. FISK, - ADDISON P. FOSTER, - S. B. HALLIDAY, - SAMUEL HOLMES, - CHARLES A. HULL, - EDGAR KETCHUM, - CHAS. L. MEAD, - WM. T. PRATT, - J. A. SHOUDY, - JOHN H. WASHBURN, - G. B. WILCOX. - - -COMMUNICATIONS - -relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to -the Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting -fields to the District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the -“American Missionary,” to Rev. Geo. M. Boynton, at the New York -Office. - -DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS - -may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New -York, or when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, -21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington -Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time -constitutes a Life Member. - - - - - THE - - AMERICAN MISSIONARY. - - * * * * * - - VOL. XXXIII. DECEMBER, 1879. No. 12. - - * * * * * - - - - -American Missionary Association. - - - * * * * * - -It is a real source of regret to us that all our news from the -field must be omitted for this month. Next month we shall be -flooded with good tidings, we hope, from all quarters. - - * * * * * - -Friends sending us remittances will please address H. W. Hubbard, -Esq., Treasurer, he having been promoted from the Assistant and -Acting Treasurership on the retirement of Edgar Ketchum, Esq. Mr. -Ketchum still remains on the Executive Committee. - - * * * * * - -By a mistake at the Chicago newspaper offices, the name of -Mr. Samuel Holmes was omitted from the list of our Executive -Committee as printed by them, and that of Mr. Andrew Lester -retained. The facts are just the other way. Mr. Lester having -resigned, was made a Vice-President, and Mr. Holmes is still a -member of the Committee. - - * * * * * - -The MISSIONARY is this month devoted to the reproduction of the -Annual Meeting. We wish all our readers could have been there to -learn of our work, our situation and our prospects, and to gain -those enlarged views of the duty and the opportunity which lie -before us in all directions. This grouping of proceedings and -papers is the best substitute we can offer. - -We print the annual survey of the Executive Committee nearly in -full, rather than in abstract, as heretofore, as giving that -general view of the work, without which it cannot be appreciated -in its extent and variety. Instead of covering several pages with -the formal minutes of the Annual Meeting, we condense them into a -shorter compass, as giving equal information in a more readable -form. The Annual Report, when published in full, will, of course, -contain these as well as the reports of the Committees in detail. -We have maintained our general division of the field, prefixing -the reports of the several committees to the papers and addresses -on the cognate subjects, by this classification making the whole -more valuable for reference and use. We thus propose to send the -annual meeting to those who could not go to it, regretting still -that the enthusiasms and impressions of a great assembly cannot -be transmitted by types and ink. - -We regret the necessity which has compelled us to abridge -somewhat almost all the reports and papers following, but the -limits of a double number are easily reached with so much -material at hand. We have omitted entirely the valuable paper by -General Leake, on “Protection of Law for the Indians,” because -it has been printed in full in both the _Inter-Ocean_ and the -_Advance_, and because it is so long and yet so compact that it -cannot be condensed. It is well worth most careful study. - - * * * * * - -We are under obligations to our denominational newspapers for -their full and faithful reports of our meeting. The _Advance_, in -its regular edition and in an extra, gave full copies of the most -important documents and papers read, for which we have secured -a wide circulation; while the _Congregationalist_, through its -editorial correspondent, devoted a large part of its first page -to the report of the meeting, printed the larger part of the -annual report on its third page, and in its leading editorial -spoke good words of commendation for the Association, and of -exhortation to its friends. - - * * * * * - -THE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK. - -Our work has, in the successful termination of the year, reached -an important crisis. We should be sorry to have any one think, -because the debt and the expenses of the year have been met, -that we are, therefore, about to retire from business and rest -from our labors. On the other hand, we are just ready to go -to work. It has taken a good share of our strength to carry -this back-load; and we have been crippled at the front by the -insufficiency of the buildings for our largest institutions. We -have been walking as men walk on the ice, holding back lest we -should venture too far and make some bad slip. - -But that is all, we trust, of the past. God has been good to us. -We have prayed for deliverance and we have worked to be free, and -prayers and alms have come up together before God, and prayer is -always effectual when accompanied with such proofs of sincerity. -Now we are free to work. Our feet are on the solid rock of -solvency. The Lord has established our goings. The way is open -before us and the work lies ready to our hand. Our schools in -the South of all grades are opening this year fuller than ever. -Several churches are waiting to be recognized and put upon the -pilgrim foundation. The completion of the new building in Austin, -Texas, and of the four we hope soon to build at other points, -will give increased and much needed accommodations. Those who met -at Chicago urged us to enlarge the missionary schools among the -Chinese on the Pacific Coast; and the new departure in attempting -the education of Indian youths at our negro schools offers us -opportunities of more permanent influence in that direction than -we can hope for in any other way, while the tribes are subject -to be moved at will from one reservation to another. The African -Missions, new and old, are both calling upon us for attention and -expense. - -What is the financial outlook for all this? Shall we be able to -meet these various calls with anything like adequate efficiency? -We answer, with a look of inquiry, Friends, it depends on you. -But our expression of inquiry turns to one of confidence as we -remember what you have done. We expect to do this larger work; -for evidently God calls us to it, and His friends have never -failed us yet. - -We are encouraged, too, by the beginnings of the year. Our -receipts for the month of October and the beginning of November -are larger than a year ago. But, do not forget, they need to be -so all through the year. We will be as wise and saving in the -expenditure as we can; but we can be far more wisely economical -on an income which is reasonably adequate to the needs of the -work, than on a very scanty one. “The destruction of the poor is -their poverty,” says the wise man. Keep us in mind then and in -heart, we pray you, that we may all realize that God has brought -us out into this liberty that we may serve Him and our generation -better. - - * * * * * - -PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. - -The meeting place was the spacious First Congregational Church -of Chicago. At 3 p. m. of Tuesday, October 28th, President Tobey -assumed the chair, and Dr. W. H. Bidwell, of New York, conducted -the opening devotional services. Rev. J. G. Merrill, of Iowa, and -Rev. George C. Adams, of Illinois, were elected Secretaries. - -The Annual Report was read by Rev. George M. Boynton, and the -Treasurer’s Report by H. W. Hubbard, Esq. In grateful response to -their cheering character the congregation rising sang, “Praise -God, from whom all blessings flow.” The hour following was -observed as a concert of prayer with the pastors and teachers in -the Southern field. - -In the evening Dr. R. S. Storrs, of New York, preached a grand -discourse from Psalm cxviii. 23, “This is the Lord’s doing; it is -marvelous in our eyes.” President Strong, of Minnesota, and Dr. -Robbins, of Iowa, conducted the other services. - -During the evening the following greeting was received by -telegram and read by Secretary Strieby: “The Prudential Committee -and the Executive Officers of the A. B. C. F. M. congratulate the -A. M. A. upon the successful termination of their year’s labor, -and bid them God-speed in their work for the coming year.” - - ALPHEUS HARDY, _Chairman_. - -On the next morning the following response was adopted by a -rising vote: “The A. M. A., assembled at its thirty-third -anniversary, receive with grateful appreciation the congratulations -of the Prudential Committee and Executive Officers of the -venerable American Board, and with thanks to God for the recent -enlargement granted to the Board, pray for the continued -Divine blessing on its glorious and expanding work.” - - M. E. STRIEBY, _Secretary_. - -Dr. Goodwin, of Chicago, then led in an earnest prayer for the -blessing of God upon the two societies and their common work. - -Tuesday evening Secretary Strieby read a paper entitled -“Providential Calls,” and President Merrell, of Wisconsin, on “The -Providential Significance of the Negro in the United States.” These -will be found in this MISSIONARY. Field Superintendent Roy gave -“A Field View of the Work.” Rev. J. H. Twichell, of Connecticut, -read a paper on “The Relations of America and China,” of which -we reprint a portion. In the afternoon a paper on “The Necessity -of the Protection of Law for the Indians” was read by Gen. J. -B. Leake, of Illinois. These papers were referred each to the -committee having charge of the cognate subject. - -The Finance Committee reported through Mr. J. W. Scoville, -approving the management of the Association and calling upon the -churches to increase their contributions to its treasury, so that -now freed from debt it might do a greater and a better work. The -report was followed by remarks from Hon. E. S. Hastings, Geo. -Bushnell, D. D., and Hon. E. D. Holton, of Wisconsin. - -Rev. Henry A. Stimson reported for the Committee on Indian -Missions, and followed the report with an able address, giving -a sketch of the causes of the various Indian wars. An animated -discussion followed. - -Rev. C. H. Richards read the report of the Committee on Church -Work, and was followed by District Secretary Woodworth and others. - -The Committee on Educational Work reported through its chairman, -Prest. A. L. Chapin, of Wis., followed by Professors Willcox and -Chase, and Rev. Messrs. Bray, Boynton and Foster. - -Rev. A. H. Ross, of Mich., reported for the Committee on Chinese -Missions, following the report with a brief address, and followed -by Rev. Mark Williams, of China, Jee Gam and others. - -Dr. Dana, of Minn., reported on African Missions for the -Committee. He also, District Secretary Pike, and Dr. E. P. -Goodwin, made addresses. - -For these reports in full or in part we refer to the following -pages; and for the officers elected for the coming year, to the -inside of the first cover. - -The morning prayer meetings were led by Rev. James Brand, of -Ohio, and M. M. G. Dana, D. D., of Minn. The Lord’s Supper was -administered on Thursday afternoon by F. Bascom, D. D., of Ill., -and Rev. Thomas Jones, of Mich. At this service a contribution -was taken, amounting to $437.46, for the Trinity School at -Athens, Ala., for which a special plea had been made in the -morning. - -President Fairchild and Col. C. G. Hammond presided at the -morning and afternoon sessions of Thursday respectively. - -A most interesting meeting was held on Wednesday evening, when, -after prayer by Dr. Geo. N. Boardman, of Illinois, addresses -were made by Jee Gam, a converted Chinaman, and now one of our -teachers in Oakland, Cal.; by Big Elk, a converted Indian, from -the Omaha Reservation, who was accompanied by Rev. Mr. Dorsey, -who acted as his interpreter, and by Rev. James Saunders, a negro -minister. These three told the story of their own religious -experiences and life. Prest. Alexander, of La., and Dr. Roy, of -Ga., followed, and pointed the illustration of this one humanity -and one Gospel. - -Thursday evening the closing session was held, at which Mr. M. -H. Crogman, a graduate of Atlanta, and now Professor in the -Methodist school at Nashville, Tenn., made an address which, by -the vigor of its thought and the eloquence of its expression, -was a sufficient illustration of the capacities of his race. -President Tobey and F. A. Noble, D. D., also addressed the -meeting. Resolutions of thanks to the First Church and its -pastor, the people and press of Chicago, and the railroads which -had given especial facilities, were passed. A few last words from -Dr. Goodwin, and the benediction from Dr. Savage, of Chicago, and -the Association adjourned for another year. - -It would not be right to omit the notice of the Ladies’ Meeting -held in the church parlors on Wednesday afternoon. Mrs. E. W. -Blatchford presided, and the large assembly was addressed by Mrs. -Prof. Spence, of Fisk University, and Misses Parmelee and Milton, -teachers at Memphis, Tenn. - - * * * * * - -GENERAL SURVEY. - -From the Annual Report of the Executive Committee. - - -The report opens with brief obituary notices of Rev. Simeon S. -Jocelyn, a Secretary of the Society for many years and more -lately a member of the Committee; and of Rev. William Patton, D. -D., and Rev. George Thacher, D. D., Vice-Presidents; of Miss -Laura S. Cary and Mrs. Anna M. Peebles, valued teachers, and Miss -Rebecca Tyler Bacon, associated with Hampton in its early days, -who have also died during the year. These may be found in full in -the forthcoming Annual Report volume. - - -THE FREEDMEN. - -The varying fortunes of the Freedmen through the year have added -another illustration to the many which combine to show that an -uneducated mass of men is always an uncertain quantity in the -national problem. That these once slaves in the South have been -wronged and abused there can be no doubt. Advantage has been -taken of their ignorance in contracts for labor, and in the -manner of their pay. They have been misled and intimidated in the -attempt to exercise their right of franchise. It would be useless -to deny the facts. The thousands who have left their homes and -associations in Mississippi and Louisiana for the chances of new -settlement in Kansas, are witnesses as powerful in their silence -as in their speech. They have not gone for nothing. - -We have no apology to offer for those who have made it impossible -for them to remain in peace, and who have sought by force to keep -them from departing. But, on the other hand, it becomes us to -remember that these evils spring not so much from local as from -general causes. The same wrongs are perpetrated and endured, -to some extent, wherever there are similar states of society. -Ignorance is always at a disadvantage, whether it wants to work -or to vote. It is always in bonds to some power and will beyond -its own. New York, and perhaps even Chicago, knows something -of abused labor and a controlled vote. The local causes which -increase the evil may need thorough treatment, but that is not -ours either to prescribe or to administer. It is the general -cause which we may consider, and to which we are directing all -our energies—not to the restraint or punishment of those who do -the wrong, but to the removal of the ignorance which gives such -large occasion for the wrong. - -For our work is foundational and steady. Amid all social and -political changes the need for it remains unchanged. We are not -engaged in pulling up the shallow roots of weeds, nor in planting -flower-beds with annuals, but in sub-soiling our Southern fields, -and so preparing the ground for crops of better quality from -year to year. The only permanent guarantee against the abuse of -any race or class, either North or South, is the diffusion of -Christian intelligence among the abused, and of the spirit of -Christian love among those who abuse them. This is our work. - -We have no word of criticism for those who have chosen to remove -to another State. Liberty of emigration is one of the most -unquestionable rights of freemen. But there is no charm in the -name of Kansas which will make the ignorant or the timid either -wise or brave. Let the masses of the colored race be once armed -with intelligence, and they can stay or go with equal impunity. -Without it they will be anywhere at the mercy of either force or -fraud. - -Nor is the work of the Association to be limited by any local -changes among the Freedmen. The removal of seven thousand men, -women and children from so vast a population leaves no noticeable -void; nor, even if the proportions of this exodus shall reach -the highest numbers at which it has been estimated, will it -perceptibly diminish the millions of a race which is year by year -increasing in numbers and in thrift. - -The only plea which these facts make to us is, that we redouble -our efforts to forge for them the armor which alone can be their -complete defence. - -The Association has not, therefore, felt itself called upon to -divert its efforts to the field thus newly occupied. If, as the -outcome of this movement, there shall be permanent and large -settlements of the colored people in new localities, it may -become needful for us carefully to consider the claim which they -may make on us for such service as we are trying to render their -brethren in the South. - -We have cheerfully forwarded such gifts of money and clothing -as have been entrusted to us to local agencies, in which we had -reason to have the greatest confidence, for the relief of the -present distress, and have kept ourselves to our main work. - - -EDUCATIONAL WORK. - -Our _eight chartered institutions_, in the eight leading States -of the South, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, -Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, have continued to do thorough -and faithful work. One has been added to the number of our normal -schools, making twelve in all. Twenty-four common schools have -been aided—six more than the previous year. The total number of -schools of all grades has been 44. - -We have had in all 190 teachers in the field; of these 10 have -also fulfilled the duties of matrons, 6 have been connected with -the business department, and 11 have been pastors of churches, -but all have been actively engaged in teaching. - -The total number of pupils has been 7,207—almost exactly the -number reported a year ago. These have been distributed as -follows: Primary, 2,739; Intermediate, 1,495; Grammar, 633; -Normal, 2,022; Collegiate Preparatory, 169; Collegiate, 63; Law, -28; Theological, 86. This shows an increase in the professional -schools, a decrease in the collegiate, and over 500 more in the -normal department than last year. - -The reports of the _quality of the work_ thus accomplished have -been most encouraging. Greater regularity of attendance has -been attained than ever before, and the ambition to keep up -with the classes entered has been marked. The same persistence -in overcoming obstacles to entrance arising from poverty and -distance from the schools which marked previous years, has been -no less conspicuous during that just passed. The range of study -and instruction has been much the same as heretofore. The work -of the class-rooms has been too good to need to be materially -altered. - -The _industrial and practical training_ has been that in which -there has been the most marked improvement and expansion. How to -work is quite as important a branch of knowledge for the colored -boys and girls as how to teach. Indeed, that they maybe able -to teach others how to work is a large part of their vocation. -How to behave themselves on the farm, in the shop, in the -work-room, sick-room and the kitchen, is as needful for them to -know as how to behave themselves in the school-room and in the -church of God. This training is receiving more and more wise and -thorough attention, and we are sending out young men and young -women better and better fitted to be the teachers and leaders of -society, as well as of the school. - -Our schools and teachers have been evidently _growing in favor -and esteem_, both with the colored and white people of the South. -A most noticeable instance of the attachment of the colored -population to the schools, and their appreciation of their value, -was given very recently at Athens, Alabama. It became necessary -to give up the school at that place, or to rebuild at an expense -of not less than $5,000, which latter it was deemed impossible -to do. Word to that effect was sent to Athens. The grief of the -people was intense. It did not, however, expend itself in tears, -but became motive power. They offered themselves to erect the -needful building, pledged over $2,000 at once, and by gifts of -labor and material provided fully for it, and are at work upon it -now. They propose to make brick sufficient for its completion, -and a surplus to exchange for the lumber which will be required. -They are all at it. A blind man, who can do nothing else, offered -to turn the crank to draw the water. Whether they will be able, -in their extreme poverty, to accomplish all they have undertaken, -yet remains to be seen; but such zeal in a good thing is surely -worthy of special notice. When the colored people attempt to -co-operate with us to such an extent, we cannot desert them. The -school will go on. - -During this year it appeared to the Committee that a sufficient -fund had been accumulated to warrant at least a beginning of the -permanent building for the Tillotson Normal Institute, in Austin, -Texas. The foundation is already laid, and the contract drawn for -the enclosure of the building. This great State, with its rapidly -increasing population of colored people, and its insufficient -provision for their education, demands the earliest possible -completion of this building, and the equipment of the institution -for efficient work. - -With the four _buildings_ completed the previous year at Mobile, -New Orleans, Macon and Savannah, we are now in possession of -better and more permanent equipment for our school work than -ever before. But it is yet quite insufficient for its pressing -need, which is most felt in the necessity of enlarged provision -for boarding pupils, for it is, after all, in those who are -thus brought under the continuous influence of their teachers, -and away from the debasing surroundings of cabin life, that the -best results of mental and religious training are realized. The -call for such relief has been continuous and increasing in its -urgency; but we have been obliged almost to deny it a hearing in -the poverty and pressure of these past years. - -The near future will, however, we trust, do much to relieve this -long-felt want, through the generous gift to the Association of -$150,000 by Mrs. Daniel P. Stone, of Malden, Mass., from the -estate of her late husband, of which, though it is not yet in -our possession, we have been fully assured. In accordance with -the expressed wish of the donor, this money is to be used in -the erection of buildings at Nashville, Atlanta, New Orleans -and Talladega. These buildings will largely increase the -accommodations of these institutions for the class of pupils -which has been named, and will greatly diminish the percentage of -expense for their education, as but few additions to the corps of -teachers already in the work will be required. In these normal -and collegiate institutions it is the variety of studies rather -than the number of students to which the teaching force must be -adapted. We may add fifty per cent. to the number of pupils, -and need to add only five per cent., perhaps, to the number of -teachers. There can be no more acceptable gift than that of these -new buildings for well-established schools—none which will so -add to their effectiveness. - -A few school _buildings_ belonging to the Association have been, -of late years, _rented to local school boards_, in cases where -greater good could be accomplished for those for whose use they -were intended than by retaining them in our hands. It has been -a saving to our treasury, a widening of their usefulness, and a -bond of fraternity between the friends of education North and -South. - -We may only, in passing, refer to the beginning in the -accumulation of valuable _libraries_ made in some of our -institutions. There is yet room for much needed enlargement of -this important branch of our educational service. - -Two things yet remain to be done that our schools may be -placed upon a permanent and satisfactory basis, and these are -adequate provision for the maintenance of professorships and -of scholarships. We have been compelled to confine ourselves -chiefly to making appropriations for the salaries of teachers, -simply because without them there could be no schools at all. -This was the one thing indispensable from the very start. But, -increasingly, the need of _student aid_ makes itself manifest. -Gifts have been secured from churches, Sunday-schools and -individuals for this purpose, and more money must be raised from -similar sources. Yet it is evident that this must not be taken -from the fund by which the teachers are sustained. That would be -to increase the number of applicants, and, at the same time, to -close the doors at which they seek admission. We must not try -to lengthen the skirts of our coats by cutting them off at the -shoulders; they will fall off from us altogether if we do that. -This is our problem: both to maintain our teachers and to support -more students. It cannot be solved by any process of subtraction. -Can it be done in any other way than by addition to our income? -And it must be done, if we are to make our work tell as it ought -upon the vast negro population of the South. To overcome the -obstacles which stand at every step in the way of attaining the -thorough education needed by those who are to be the leaders -of their people, demands a power of will and an energy of -perseverance such as few individuals of any race possess, unless -they are assisted all along the way. - -The origin and surroundings of these colored students must -be continually borne in mind. They have nothing to help them -in the homes from which they came; nothing to help them in -the prevailing sentiment of the white people toward them; the -fewest possible openings for such remunerative labor as is -ready for white students in similar conditions, and checks on -their ambition of every sort. Nor is it strange that they lack -that stamina which generations of culture and self-restraint -impart. Their help, both moral and material, must come from us, -and those who, like us, believe that they can be and should be -thoroughly trained before they are sent forth to lay foundations -for the upbuilding of their race. Student aid must be freely -and systematically given, or our higher schools will accomplish -their beneficent design at great disadvantage, and only to a very -limited extent. - -But the glory of our schools and colleges is more than in all -else in their _religious character and influence_—that they -are Christian schools and missionary colleges. Indeed, they are -so completely at one with the church work that it is difficult -to draw a line between the two departments, and to tell where -the one ends and the other begins. A few particulars may best -illustrate the influence of faithful Christian instruction and -example. Of 52 graduates of Atlanta, 50 at graduation were -professing Christians, and none have fallen away. Later we hear, -“All the members of the classes to be graduated now profess to -be Christians.” A revival is reported during the year, and not -less than 30 conversions. Fisk reports several additions to the -College church at every communion, and as many more of those -converted there to other churches. At Talladega we hear of “a -precious work of grace; 37 were received into the church. All -but two of the girls, and all but four of the 45 young men, who -are boarding scholars, are professing Christians.” The pastor at -Hampton writes: “Nowhere can teachers be found more earnestly -evangelical, laboring often beyond their strength to bring souls -to Christ. 11 of the Indian students were, in March, received -into the College church.” At Berea, the graduates of this year -are all professing Christians. These are examples of the good -accomplished and reported. In several of the lower schools, also, -we hear of many being brought to Christ. - -Nor are these Christian students idle in the Master’s vineyard. -They go out to _their school work_ in vacation time, and have -learned as they go to preach. The help which was given, the -previous year, to lengthen the short terms of a few common -schools, thus furnishing employment for our _student teachers_, -was thought to be fruitful of good results by our best and most -experienced instructors. It has been deemed wise to somewhat -enlarge the work in that direction. - -108 teachers from Fisk, in 1877, taught 9,332 pupils. Over 10,000 -pupils, during the year 1878, are estimated to have been taught -by those educated at Atlanta. On this basis, we feel justified -in estimating that at least 150,000 pupils have been reached -by our present and former students during the year. They also -go out to do Sunday-school and missionary work on the Lord’s -day. Talladega reached 1,200 Sunday-school scholars through its -students during the last year, and in all the years some 20,000. -A high educational official testifies that the students of -Tougaloo “almost invariably start Sunday-schools as soon as they -open their day-schools.” So the seed is sown not by the way-side, -nor on the rock, nor among the thorns, but where it “also beareth -fruit and bringeth forth, some an hundred-fold, some sixty, some -thirty.” - -A few words, by way of bridging over to our church work, as to -our _Theological Departments_. They are four—at Nashville, -Talladega and New Orleans, which are ours altogether, and at -Washington, where we continue to share the support of the -Theological Department of Howard University with the Presbytery -of that city. There are 86 students in these schools, of which -number nearly one-half are at Howard University. They are sending -out ministers, well trained both intellectually and spiritually, -into our churches and those of other denominations. - -THE CHURCH WORK. - -The present _number of churches_ in connection with the -Association is sixty-seven. These are supplied with pastors, -some of them white ministers of experience and culture, who, -for health’s sake, are glad to be in the South; others, young -and earnest men, who prefer to devote themselves to work among -the lowly; others still are colored men, who have been educated -in our own or similar institutions, and who are doing good work -among their own people. Some of these are also principals or -teachers in the schools, thus doing double duty. - -The number of church members is 4,600, of whom 745 have been -added during the year. This work has been under the supervision -of Dr. Roy. It has been a time for making acquaintance with -the men and the field, but his first visits have been full of -service in quickening and counselling those on the ground, and in -correspondence with the administrative force at home. - -Three _new churches_ have been established during the year—at -Shelby Iron Works, Ala., at Cypress Slash, Ga., and at Flatonia, -Texas. - -After a careful survey of the material and opportunity, we are -neither prepared to rush in and organize new churches wherever -it may be possible, nor to abandon the field as unfitted to our -polity. We could probably buy up a hundred churches within a -year at $100 apiece, and then should be worse off than when we -began, loaded down with useless burdens. There is nothing in the -nature of the South or in the character of the negro by which -the people of that region or that race are unfitted to be good -Congregationalists. It only demands intelligence and the power -of self-control. Where these have been developed by Christian -education there is readiness and preparation enough. Hitherto -our churches have flourished under the shadow of our schools -and of their graduates. But as the sun goes toward the west -the shadow broadens, and the field for churches of our order -is enlarged. There are some half dozen localities now waiting -and ready to organize Congregational churches, to which our -Field Superintendent will give early attention and assistance. -Discriminating and timely help at such points will accomplish far -more in the end than rapid and ill-considered assistance. Too -many churches, both North and South, die early, because born too -soon. We design and purpose to extend this work as fast, and only -as fast, as we may do it with the hope of permanent results. - -A goodly number of these churches report _religious interest_ -during the year, and, indeed, some of them are engaged in seasons -of special effort and ingathering at this time; for in the -South—strange as it may seem to us—the summer gives an interval -from farm work which is often and successfully devoted to special -Christian effort. A letter just received informs us of such a -series of meetings in one of our churches in North Carolina, -with a congregation of 200, who bring their lunch and stay from -morning till afternoon, and often till the evening service too. - -The impression made by these churches upon ministers who went -among them for the first time last winter was very noticeable, -and their testimony agrees as to the decorum, as well as fervor, -of their colored congregations. Nor are they without the witness -to their progress, which is indicated by efforts looking toward -their _self-support_ and a participation in the general work of -missions. These all have _Sunday-schools_ connected with them, -in which are gathered 6,219 scholars, besides which some of our -teachers are engaged in Sunday-schools connected with other -Christian churches. The cause of _temperance_ receives constant -attention in both schools and churches. Juvenile and adult -organizations are found in nearly all of them, and the young men -and women go out pledged, not only to abstain themselves, but to -make it part of their mission to persuade others to follow their -example in this respect. - -To the six _Conferences_ into which our churches were organized -one has been added during the past year—that of North Carolina. -The Georgia Conference takes the place of that of South-eastern -Georgia. The Congregationalism of the South is thus fully -associated. The meetings of these bodies are full of interest. -Their discussions are practical and admirably sustained. Their -fellowship is cordial and Christian, and their spiritual power is -in some cases remarkable. The South-western Conference, this year -held at New Iberia, La., was signalized by the quickening and -reviving of the churches represented, and by the conversion of -fifty souls. - -_Councils_ are called for ordination of pastors from time to -time, and in all customary ways the churches mutually advise and -help each other. - -We should be greatly remiss did we not call attention also to the -work done in the homes of the colored people by _devout women -who have given themselves to this missionary work_. The need -of such work can easily be imagined, but cannot be appreciated -fully without a knowledge of the facts. At Memphis, Tenn., -Atlanta, Ga., Miller’s Station, Ga., Charleston, S. C., etc., -faithful visitations have been made from house to house, and -Bible-reading, cottage prayer-meetings, practical instruction, -and occasional temporal relief, have been administered by lady -missionaries, while many of our lady teachers have cheerfully -engaged in similar work, so far as their engagements would allow. -No general organization of Northern women has been attempted in -this behalf, but of their own motion circles have been formed at -Detroit, Mich., Waukegan, Ill., Oberlin, Ohio, and other points, -whose object it has been to provide the expenses for these -messengers of mercy. The work, though limited in its extent, has -been fruitful of good results. - -Before leaving this hurried review of the Southern field, we are -happy to say that our corps of workers, as a whole, has never -been more admirably efficient than now. There are fewer changes -in the force from year to year than formerly, and those who have -just gone for the first time into these schools and churches are -men and women of superior intelligence and character. We look for -grand work and great results, through God’s blessing on their -labors in the coming year. - - -AFRICA. - -About the beginning of the current year, the Rev. Floyd Snelson, -who was at the head of the _Mendi Mission_, was obliged to -return to this country on account of the health of his wife. -We greatly deplored his loss, as we trusted much to his wisdom -and experience for a wise administration of our work in that -far land. To Rev. A. P. Miller were committed the position and -responsibilities thus vacated. He, with Rev. A. E. Jackson, -and their wives, Dr. James and Mr. White, constituted then our -missionary band. - -On the 13th of February, Elmore L. Anthony was sent, _via_ -Liberia, to join them. His various experiences as a slave, a -soldier and a student, had fitted him to take special charge of -the industrial work at Avery, though we believed him to be as -much a missionary in spirit as those who had preceded him. He was -submitted to a severe medical examination, and pronounced sound -in health; for we have concluded that those only of unimpaired -health should be exposed to the debilitating influences of a -tropical climate. He has so far fulfilled all our expectations. - -We have just sent another missionary to the field. Nathaniel -Nurse, a native of Barbadoes, who has resided already in Liberia -five years, and who has been maintained at Fisk University for -the last two years by English and Scotch friends, sailed on the -fourth of this month. He has shown much enterprise in the past, -which we hope will be effectively applied to the missionary work -on the West Coast. - -Our force consists then, at present, of these six men and the -wives of two. The men have endured the climate wonderfully well, -having suffered only temporary disabilities, and having been laid -aside but little from their work. Mrs. Miller and Mrs. Jackson -have not been as well, perhaps, because they were not in as firm -health before leaving this country, but have not been compelled, -as yet, to leave the Mendi coast, even temporarily. - -Last year we had but a single _church_ to report, of 44 members, -at Good Hope Station. Since that time a church has been organized -also at Avery. These two churches now include a membership of 85, -and have 190 Sunday-school scholars in connection with them. - -The _school_ at Good Hope Station has been in a condition -of growing prosperity, and has enrolled during the year 245 -scholars, with an average attendance, as collated from the -monthly returns, of 156. At Avery the school has been small, the -children being frequently diverted by their parents to work of -various kinds. About a dozen children have been taken into the -Mission Home to be educated under permanent Christian influences. -A school has also been sustained at Debia, and a preaching -service. - -The _industrial work_ has been carried on with energy, the mill -and property have been put in better order, some 16 laborers have -been employed in the saw-mill, the coffee plantation is beginning -to be productive, and we trust that this arm of the service will -prove increasingly a means of education to the natives and a help -in the support of the mission. - -Our missionaries have not been content with merely maintaining -the work as they found it, but have been exploring the interior -to study opportunities for its enlargement. They found the people -peaceable and friendly, and open to their approach not only, but -inviting their permanent settlement. It is their plan to use -native Christians for preaching at _out-stations_ as far as they -may be able. - -Our missionaries have had to labor under the disadvantage of a -very limited experience in organizing and carrying on either -church or school work. They all went directly from the college to -the foreign field. They have made fewer mistakes of judgment than -might have been anticipated. We regard this experiment of African -missionaries to Africa as practically solved. Their endurance of -the climate and their general success in the work are evident. -More and more clear to us, from year to year, is the connection -between our work on the American and the African continents. - -And now, while our original mission field is again becoming -fruitful under these new conditions, the question is brought to -us in a way we cannot refuse to consider. Shall we, in addition -to this, undertake a new field upon the other side of the “Dark -Continent”? The generous _offer made by Robert Arthington_, of -Leeds, England, of £3,000, to this Association, to aid in the -establishment of a mission between the Nile and the Jub, and from -the 10th parallel of north latitude down almost to the equator, -compelled us, early in the year, to examine the field and the -possibility of undertaking it. A large committee, through books -and travellers, made as thorough investigation as was in their -power, and were supported by the Executive Committee, as a whole, -in regarding the proposed location as offering advantages in -accessibility over almost any of the new fields recently opened -in equatorial Africa; but they delayed any distinct acceptance -of the proffer until this fund should be swelled from other -sources to not less than $50,000. In this state of abeyance the -whole matter remained until a very recent date. Dr. O. H. White, -the Secretary of the Freedmen’s Missions Aid Society in Great -Britain, has been sanguine as to the willingness of the English -and Scotch brethren to further aid us in the establishment of -the proposed mission. He has already received contributions to -a considerable amount for this object, and at the last regular -meeting of our Committee, after careful discussion, the following -resolution was unanimously passed: - -“Voted, that on condition of the receipt of £3,000 from Mr. -Robert Arthington, of Leeds, as offered to us by him, for the -establishment of a new mission in Eastern Africa, and of a like -amount from the British public, raised through the efforts of Dr. -O. H. White, the Association pledges itself to devote thereto the -sum of $20,000, and with the blessing of God and the assistance -of the friends of Africa in Great Britain and America, to -undertake permanently to sustain that mission.” - -The Committee were encouraged to take this step by the fact -that the debt of the Association was no more an obstacle, that -several thousand dollars were already in hand from the Avery -estate, bequeathed for this very purpose, and by other, as they -thought, evident leadings of Providence in this direction. And -now if these conditions be met, and this new work at no distant -day be fairly entered on, the Mendi Mission on the West, and the -Arthington Mission on the East, will support one another in their -plea to Christian England and America for generous and prayerful -sustentation. Our foreign work will thus be more complete than it -can be with but a single mission, and we shall be able to present -a wide field for the generous devotion and self-consecration of -the sons of Africa now in this land. - -This new field is among the real heathens, unclad, and with -their native barbarism made worse by all the atrocities of a -slave-hunting ground. That evil is, providentially, fast passing -away. During the past year Col. C. G. Gordon has overcome the -mightiest of the slave traders, and his large and desperate -force. When the influence of the Arab invaders is withdrawn, -with their unnatural stimulation of tribal wars and the ready -market they afford for human beings, other of the native kings, -under the influence of even a few Christian men, will follow the -example of Mtesa, who has lately forbidden the sale of slaves in -his dominions under pain of death. So the Lord has set before us -an open door, and no man can shut it. Shall we not go in and set -up our banners in the name of Immanuel? - - -THE INDIANS. - -The Indians still remain under the care of the Department of the -Interior. We believe that the Administration earnestly desires -the promotion of their true interests, but the grievous wrongs -under which they have so long suffered still continue to be -visited upon them, and will so long as an impossible policy -is attempted to be carried out by an insufficient force. The -question as to the legal status of the Indian is now before the -courts. Until his rights there, and to hold property by a secure -tenure, are established, he will be exposed to provocations which -we cannot expect him to bear in silence. - -To us was assigned, several years ago, the nomination of six -_Indian Agents_, who were to report to us as well as to the -United States Government. We trust that this work has been to the -advantage of these tribes, as our agents have, with perhaps a -single exception, maintained good character and reputation amid -all the temptations of that trying life. And yet our relations -to the Department are not what we could wish them to be. In four -of the six agencies where we make nominations, changes have -been made necessary during the past year. In two of them agents -have been appointed by the Department without our nomination or -approval, so that we have no longer any responsibility for the -agencies at Red Lake, Minn., or Green Bay, Wis., nor have we, -under these circumstances, the same motive as at first to secure -good men for these places, when they may be so easily removed, or -our nominations thrown aside for others backed by another kind of -influence. - -_Our missionary at S’Kokomish_, Rev. Myron Eells, is still -patiently pursuing his good work. He is pastor of the church of -23 members, and has three other preaching stations. In these four -the attendance upon public worship is nearly 200; 110 children -are in the Sunday-schools; 128 families are under his pastoral -care. Mr. Eells has travelled among the neighboring people, and -diffused his influence over a wide area. - -A new element in work for the Indians has been the _educational -work at Hampton_. 77 Indian boys and 9 Indian girls have spent -the year at the Institute, contented and studious, and responding -to patient and skillful teaching with marked and steady progress. -During the summer a number of them gained great credit to -themselves by their good conduct on the farms and in the families -of Massachusetts among which they were distributed. It is hoped -that the number of girls allowed to enjoy these privileges may be -considerably increased. Captain Pratt has obtained permission to -do a similar work at Carlisle, Pa. - -The great feature of the advantage in this training is the -continuous influence under which these students are held. It is -indispensable to the best work as Christian educators of those -who are not helped by their home life. Our experience is the same -among the Freedmen, the native Africans and the Indians. - -It may be, in the providence of God, in this direction, that the -Indian work of the Association is to be pursued and enlarged in -the future. The Committee recommend, for the present at least, -co-operation with General Armstrong in the work he has so well -begun in this direction. The result of his experience, thus far, -is his decided conviction that “there is no better way to elevate -the Indians than in negro industrial schools.” An effort in this -direction promises greater results, for the same expenditure of -money, than the attempt to found new missions among the Indians. - - -THE CHINESE IN AMERICA. - -The condition and numbers of the Chinese on the Pacific coast, -after all the various agitations of mob, and State, and National -Congress, have not been materially altered. The sand lots have -still echoed with the blasphemies of Kearney and his followers, -and even some of the churches, with scarcely less vigorous -proclamations, that the Chinese must go. California has adopted -a new Constitution, though the question whether its Chinese -provisions are constitutional is yet unanswered. It discourages -immigration, imposes conditions on resident Chinamen, forbids -their employment by any corporation, and requires cities to -remove them beyond their bounds or locate them within prescribed -limits; and, finally, both houses of Congress, yielding to -political pressure, in the presence of the resident Minister of -the Chinese Government, ignored its solemn treaty, and declared -that no ship should bring to this shore more than fifteen Chinese -immigrants at any one time. We have to thank the President of the -United States for the veto which alone prevented this action from -becoming law. - -And yet the Chinaman is, on the Pacific coast, in numbers not -increasing, but not materially diminishing. He does not come, -because he can do better elsewhere. He does not go, because he -has not yet attained the object of his coming. Meanwhile, several -Chinamen have, during the year, been naturalized in other States, -and the force has thus been broken of the decision that, being -neither white nor black, he cannot be allowed to vote. - -_Our work_ has not diminished in our twelve schools under the -superintendency of the Rev. Wm. C. Pond. Only three less pupils -(1,489) have been enrolled than the year before. 252 has been -the average attendance all the year through; 21 teachers are now -in the service, including 5 Chinese helpers; 84 gave evidence of -conversion during the year, while 137 have renounced idolatry. -Mr. Pond says: “The total number of whom we have cherished the -hope that they were born of God, from the beginning of our -work until now, cannot be less than 235. The Congregational -Association of Christian Chinese has now 198 members, of whom 44 -were received the past year.” - -We believe that this work, with that of our Presbyterian and -Methodist brethren on the Pacific coast, is both acceptable to -God and approved of men. - - -FINANCES. - -We come now to the statement of our financial history and -condition. With profound gratitude to Him to whom the silver and -the gold belong, and with renewed confidence in those to whose -stewardship he has entrusted it, we make this record: (1.) The -expenses of the year have been fully met; (2.) The debt of the -Association is entirely extinguished; (3.) On the 1st of October -the balance in our treasury amounted to $1,475.90. - -It is sixteen years since the Association has been reported free -from debt. The expansion of its work, which the changes effected -by the war imperatively demanded, involved us in these unpaid -obligations, which increased upon us almost yearly until, in -1875, our debt was over $96,000. Then came the turning point. It -was diminished by a little over $3,000 during 1876; in 1877 it -was reduced by about $31,000, to $62,800. Last year $25,000 more -of it was liquidated, leaving, at the beginning of this year, -$37,389.79. And now we are able to say that that whole amount is -paid. $28,808.67 have been sent us for that express purpose. The -balance has come from our general receipts from the living and -the dead. And this has been paid in cash. We began to fear that -our constant plea in this behalf was injuring the support of our -regular work, and last year we set apart, to cover it, a residue -of western lands of sufficient value; but the debt is absolutely -gone now and not balanced against anything, and that property is -free to be converted to other uses. - -The total income of the year has been $215,431.17—nearly $20,000 -more than that of the preceding year. $15,000 of this increase -is, however, from bequests which have amounted to $50,034.16. - -For the ability to make these cheering statements we thank God, -and in the remembrance of His past goodness we take courage. It -looked an almost impossible thing that that great debt of nearly -$100,000 should have disappeared, and that in these “hard times.” -But the way to know the goodness of God is to try some hard thing -in His name. To Him be the praise. - -We would not leave the false impression, however, on the minds of -any, that these years of retrenchment have been easy years for -us, or that the past twelve months have been free from causes for -anxiety. Twice during the year we have been $10,000 behind last -year’s receipts or this year’s needs. We were greatly perplexed -in our unwillingness to increase the old debt or to incur a new -one, when, in one case, a large gift, and in the other a large -legacy, lifted us over the shallows and enabled us to set sail -again rejoicing. - - -CONCLUSION. - -And now what is the significance of our present condition? We are -out of debt. We have the promise of a far better equipment for -our work in the way of buildings. The Mendi Mission is fairly -manned, and, we trust, on the way to a new and wide usefulness. -The Freedmen call for all the aid we can supply. All motives of -love for self, for country and for God conspire to urge us to -increase our efforts for their Christian education. Africa is -stretching out its right hand now, as well as the left, which we -have been trying so long to fill, and Christian England comes to -help us answer the plea. It has been demonstrated at length that -our Southern schools may help to solve the Indian as well as the -Negro problem, and the Chinaman is yet at our western gate. - -Is not the voice of God to us like that He spoke through Moses to -those who had just escaped the taskmasters of Egypt?—“Speak to -the children of Israel, that they go forward.” - - -REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. - -The Committee on Finance, to whom was referred the financial -statement of the Association for the fiscal year ending September -30, 1879, as presented by the Treasurer, beg leave to report -that, in the discharge of the duty assigned to them, your -committee have carefully examined the accounts of the Treasurer, -including a detailed statement of receipts and disbursements, -also a statement of endowments and a full list of all the -property owned by the Association, the correctness of which have -been fully certified to by the Board of Auditors appointed by the -Executive Committee. - -The total receipts of the Association for the year have been -$215,431.17. The cost of collecting, including the salaries -of the District Secretaries and all other expenses connected -with their offices, has been 5-84/100 per cent. of the amount -received. The cost of publication, including the distribution -of 25,000 copies per month of the AMERICAN MISSIONARY, has been -4-13/100 per cent., and the cost of administration 4-97/100 per -cent. - -Your committee are impressed with the care, fidelity and economy -shown in all departments, and can suggest no way of reducing -the percentage of expenses except by enlarged contributions. It -costs just as much time and just as much paper to acknowledge -the receipt of $50 as it does of $100. If the patrons of the -Association will double their contributions they will lessen the -percentage of expenses one-half. - -After long years of struggle the Association is now out of -debt and ready for an advance. The machinery is in order, and -the motive power necessary to keep it in motion is the earnest -prayers of God’s people and a liberal supply of the money -which is so rapidly finding its way to our shores. In view of -the grand work which has been done and the still greater work -to be accomplished, your committee desire to urge upon the -friends of the Association the necessity for a large increase -of contributions the coming year, so that the missionaries and -laborers in this good cause may “go forward.” - - JAS. W. SCOVILLE, - SAMUEL HASTINGS, - GEO. BUSHNELL, - CHAS. L. MEAD, - W. G. HUBBARD, - JOSEPH H. TOWNE, - W. J. PHELPS. - - * * * * * - -THE FREEDMEN. - -REV. JOS. E. ROY, D. D., - -FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, ATLANTA, GA. - - * * * * * - -EDUCATIONAL WORK. - -Report of the Committee on Educational Work in the South. - - -After speaking of the importance, the providential and varying -character of the work, the report concludes: - -As now conducted, the agencies of the Association are directly -concerned with all grades of instruction, embracing common day -schools, boarding schools, normal schools, chartered colleges, -theological and other professional schools; blending also with -mental, moral and spiritual culture the teaching of industrial -occupations, and a training in good manners and right behavior -in all relations. It seems best that the work should continue to -have this multifarious character, that it may mold the whole life -of this race as it rises into free manhood and full citizenship, -and bring a positive religious influence to qualify the whole -movement. Nevertheless, it is to be desired and expected that, -in the progress of events, the way will be open for systems of -public instruction to be introduced and maintained at the South -which will provide for the primary education of negroes as well -as white men, and so in time relieve the Association of much of -its elementary work. In this matter our wisdom is to fall in with -the indications of Providence, with no special anxiety either -to hasten or to hinder the steps of the movement, but to do our -utmost to prepare the way for wise and right action when it comes. - -As a missionary society we must for a long time give chief -attention to the education of teachers and preachers for the -colored people. That must be done at the South, for Christianity -and civilization can never be regarded as fully established -among a people till from among themselves, in their own home -country, are drawn out trained teachers, leaders and ministers of -religion. Our normal schools, colleges and theological seminaries -must, therefore, absorb, in large measure, the vigorous efforts -and resources of this Association, that the foundations of these -institutions may be strengthened and their courses of instruction -advanced and improved, and especially that aid maybe judiciously -extended to the young men and women who come out of great poverty -to seek the advantages of these institutions and to offer -themselves for the service of Christ among their own people. - -The report very fitly emphasizes this last-named need, and we do -earnestly commend it to the consideration and timely beneficence -of our churches. - -The report shows unmistakable tokens of the Divine favor to this -department of our work during the last year. Notwithstanding -the pressure of hard times and the embarrassment of debt on -our Association, the work has been steadily maintained, the -number under instruction has been kept up, and in the normal -schools largely increased; the standard of scholarship in the -higher institutions has been advanced; strong testimonials of -appreciation of the quality of the education given from Southern -men of standing and influence, and from Northern visitors, have -been multiplied; and above all, God, by the precious work of -His Spirit on the souls of students in nearly every one of the -institutions under charge of the Association, has owned this -work, and taken it into full identification with the plan of His -redeeming providence. For all this let our devout thanks be given -to Him who permits us to co-operate in His good work of mercy for -a lost world. - -As we enter on a new year of this missionary labor, the signs -are full of encouragement and hope. The Association is free -from debt, with money in its treasury. A Christian lady has -pledged a large benefaction for providing much needed material -accommodations for this educational work; the rising sentiment -of our nation is demanding new guarantees for the rights of the -oppressed Freedmen; old obstacles to the work are giving way, -and the return of financial prosperity gives promise of larger -means at the disposal of our churches for the Master’s work. May -we not hope, also, that a fresh baptism of the Holy Ghost upon -the churches, upon the executive officers of the Association, -and upon the whole working force of missionaries, teachers and -helpers on the field, may inspire all with a new spirit of holy -consecration, and lead on this educational work in a movement, -fresh and strong, towards the consummation which we seek and -which the Lord designs? For this let us fervently pray. - - A. L. CHAPIN, - G. B. WILLCOX, - GEO. M. BOYNTON, - THOS. N. CHASE, - J. BRAND, - S. D. COCHRAN. - - * * * * * - -CHURCH WORK. - -Report of the Committee on Church Work in the South—Abbreviated. - - -The annual report of the condition and work of churches in the -South under the care of this Association gives occasion for -gratitude and encouragement; for, while the numbers in themselves -seem not large, we are to remember that the work is comparatively -a recent one. In 1864 there were but four churches under the -fostering care of this body; in 1869, only twenty-three; while -now they have grown to sixty-seven, with 4,600 members; 745 of -these members were added to the churches during the past year, -and 85 per cent. of the additions were on profession of faith. - -It is much to have 6,219 pupils in Sunday-schools, being drilled -in the first principles of Divine truth and into a better -knowledge that religion must mean righteousness. And when we -remember that the 7,207 scholars in the other schools are all -under positive religious influence of the sort we are accustomed -to, and the 150,000 pupils taught by teachers who have been -trained in the schools of the American Missionary Association are -indirectly receiving something of the same influence, we must -feel that the religious work of this Association in the South is -a large one. - -A thoroughly good work has been done during the year in “edifying -the churches,” building them up into a sturdier virtue, more -rational views, and a more intelligent zeal. They are evidently -growing in the features of a healthy church life. At several -points there has been very encouraging progress in the matter of -self-help, in building churches and supporting the ministry—a -point of prime importance in the development of self-respect and -manly ability. There has been an awakened interest and effort -in the temperance reform, aiding to correct vices which have -been the Freedmen’s besetting sins. There has been a marked -improvement in the homes of the colored people, influenced by the -personal visitation of devout and sympathetic women who have gone -South for this very purpose. Following this hint, it is suggested -by some that perhaps Christian colored women, trained in our -institutions, of tried discretion and tact, maybe found fitted -for a similar work among their own class, and may find a large -usefulness opening to them as city missionaries. These churches, -too, in the expression of fellowship at formal ordinations, and -in the wide-awake meetings of their seven conferences, have -done something to promote that spirit of co-operation which the -colored man needs to learn. - -But while we must give special care to the nurture and training -of these infant churches, and while it were to the last degree -unwise to rush into every opening and organize new churches -indiscriminately at every point where it may easily be done, -it is an important question whether the time has not arrived -when we may wisely do more in this direction than hitherto. We -have fortified our strategic points and entrenched ourselves in -educational fortresses that form a cordon of arsenals all around -the field, to supply material of war. Shall we not now deploy the -troops to feel the way forward, and, pushing out from our base of -supplies, begin to occupy the land? - -A variety of reasons easily suggest themselves for giving greater -prominence to this part of the work. The educational needs of -the colored race seemed to demand it. With unquestionable wisdom -this Association lays chief stress upon its educational work in -the South; but it should not be forgotten that the Church is -a leading factor in that work. The schools help the churches. -Twenty or more of the churches are in more or less close -connection with the colleges and schools of this society, and -they are among the best and the most flourishing. The more the -negro is educated the better he likes our style of religion, and -the better he makes it work. - -Moreover, the young ministers we are training need them as -fields. And now that we are raising up a conscientious, godly and -well-instructed class of pastors, where shall they find flocks -unless this Association gathers them? - -Again, Dr. Strieby’s admirable paper last year showed that wherever -these churches exist, the thrift and material prosperity of the -colored man is greatly increased. He gains in self-respect, -economy, foresight, patience. He has a better home and more money, -and is every way more of a man. Now thrift is a potent civilizer, -and if we would help the negro in this respect we can do it largely -through the churches. - -It is to such churches, too, that we may look for recruits for -that great missionary work in the dark continent which now -begins to open before the Christian world with such magnificent -opportunity. We look for new Livingstones among our colored -brethren of the South, and there is a call for them. The eyes -of English missionary societies are fixed upon the open door -of Africa, and it seems probable that they will want to send -out and support all the well-qualified colored missionaries we -can furnish. But this cannot be done unless there is a greatly -increased missionary spirit among the colored people themselves; -and to cultivate this missionary spirit we need more churches. - -Nor will it do to excuse ourselves from this work on the plea -that there are other churches in the South to which the negro, by -immemorial traditions and long association, is better accustomed, -and still others which may be at first more attractive to him -than ours. The question is not, what would the untutored negro -prefer, but what will best secure his development and help him to -a nobler life and character. The other method of argument would -surrender him to the Roman Catholics at once. - -As a matter of fact, the introduction of these churches of the -pilgrim sort is found to have worked well in two directions. It -improves our somewhat frigid method to be warmed up with the -African ardor; and it improves the negro to be toned down and -disciplined to self-control by our methods. A sound, healthy -religious life has been developed in many of our churches in ten -years, which could not have been developed in fifty years in -those churches where the ebullient spirit of the negro is allowed -to run to riotous excess unchecked. - -It is a noteworthy fact also that our churches have had a large -influence upon the other churches about them. They have been -recognized as presenting a higher type of piety and character. -Their quiet methods of worship have made the boisterous methods -of their neighbors unfashionable. Their higher moral standards -have been a tonic to the conscience in the others. They have set -the negroes to clamoring for an educated ministry. - -While, then, we would not multiply churches for the mere sake -of multiplying them, we deem the time opportune for laying -new stress upon this part of the work. We would increase our -constituency in the South in Christian churches which shall -share with us in the work of education and in home missionary -endeavor, and in the newly-opening foreign field; and we would -ever remember that to elevate the negro we must keep him in the -glowing presence of the cross, red with the heart’s blood of -Divine love, and of the crown, which may be his as well as his -white brother’s, in that great kingdom where there is neither -white nor black, but where “Christ is all and in all.” - - C. H. RICHARDS, - F. P. WOODBURY, - A. P. FOSTER, - F. BASCOM, - J. F. DUDLEY, - D. PEEBLES, - U. THOMPSON. - - * * * * * - -PROVIDENTIAL CALLS. - -BY REV. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D. - - -It is just a third of a century since the American Missionary -Association was organized. That period has been crowded with -stirring events, working marked changes at the time in the -opinions and history of mankind, and pregnant with other and -far-reaching consequences. In no respect has this been more true -than in regard to the races for whose benefit the Association was -mainly formed. Thirty-three years ago slavery ruled in America -with the iron hand, and with the purpose and prospect of enlarged -sway; now the slaves are free, and the far-reaching consequences -of that event are but beginning to be realized. Thirty-three -years ago tropical Africa was almost as much unknown as in the -days of Herodotus and Ptolemy; now its great central lakes have -been traced and mapped, the great mystery of the Nile sources -has been solved, and Stanley has traversed the continent from -Zanzibar to the mouth of the Congo. The far-reaching consequences -of these discoveries to commerce and to Christian civilization we -have not yet begun to realize. - -The American Missionary Association was called into existence -to take some humble part in these events. The wisdom of its -existence was recognized at the outset by the few only; by the -many—even of good men—it was regarded with indifference or -hostility. We that took part in those stirring times find it -difficult now to recall their intense earnestness—the inexorable -control exercised by slavery over the pulpit, the press and the -forum, the unbounded anxiety of conservative people to avoid or -to crush the agitation, and their utter impatience with those -who persisted in it. On the 7th of March, 1850, Daniel Webster -made his famous speech in support of the Fugitive Slave Law, and -it is humiliating to recall the fulsome eulogies of that speech -that came from pulpits and theological seminaries, as well as -from politicians and merchants, and it arouses anew a sense of -indignation to think of the intimidation attempted toward those -who opposed that infamous law. But there _were_ men in all the -churches and in both political parties who were fully aroused to -the guilt and danger of slavery—who felt that the hour had come -when, through all opposition and danger, they must press for its -overthrow. Among these persistent agitators were not only such -stalwart leaders as John Quincy Adams and William Lloyd Garrison, -but a large number who may be represented by our late and honored -brother, Rev. Simeon S. Jocelyn, who, though one of the gentlest, -most amiable and most cautious of men, yet possessed a conscience -so unclouded, and a sympathy with the slave so strong, that no -fear of consequences could deter him. - -Such God-fearing men had no commission merely to denounce and -destroy. Their call was to aid in spreading a Gospel untinctured -with the guilt of slavery, polygamy or caste prejudice. They -strove earnestly to induce the most honored and loved of -missionary boards, with which they had heretofore co-operated, to -throw off all responsibility for slavery and its attendant vices. -In this they were unsuccessful, and as they could neither cease -to labor and contribute for missions, nor work with societies -which they believed to be chargeable with that responsibility, -they could do no otherwise than form one that should be free from -it. In this way, and from this motive, the American Missionary -Association came into existence. It was formed in no spirit of -captiousness or fault-finding; not for discussion, but for work -in the Master’s vineyard. Hence it soon established missions -abroad—in Africa, Siam and among the recently emancipated slaves -in the West Indies; at home—among the white population of the -West, the Indians, and, even at that early date, among the -Chinese in California, the refugees from slavery in Canada, and -in the Slave States themselves. - -Among the dark memories of those early days were the infidel -tendencies in the anti-slavery ranks. The reformers were so -goaded by the indifference and opposition of the orthodox -churches that some of them retaliated with bitter denunciations -against Christianity itself. From the outset the American -Missionary Association took decided ground against this tendency -and in favor of evangelical religion, and this not vaguely nor -without temptation to swerve. At the convention in Albany in -which the Association was organized, an influential Unitarian -suggested the probable sympathy and aid of that wealthy -denomination if the platform could be made sufficiently broad and -“liberal” to admit of co-operation. Its response was given in -its constitution, which required “Evangelical sentiments” as a -condition of membership; and that there might be no mistake as to -what it meant by “evangelical,” a star note was appended giving -its explicit definition—a creed as commendable for its brevity -as its sound orthodoxy. The elder Dr. Tyng once said: “I love the -American Missionary Association because it is true to Christ as -well as to the slave.” - -Thus launched, and with this flag at its mast-head, the -Association responded to its first call, and sped on its way, -till from the terrific storm-cloud of war there sounded forth its -second call. That next providential call was to the work among -the Freedmen. It was so recent, and the response is so fresh in -mind, that a brief rehearsal will suffice. Abraham Lincoln voiced -the sentiment of the North when he said that the war was carried -on to save the Union. God revealed His own purpose to be not that -only, but also to free the slave. It was not two months after the -first cannon shot fell on Fort Sumter till the escaping slaves -found their way to Fort Monroe, and the force of circumstances, -in spite of all reluctance, compelled their recognition as free -men. Those escaping fugitives began their march from Egypt to -Canaan. A few scattered bands headed the column, but soon its -numbers swelled till the proclamation of emancipation, like the -words of God to Moses at the banks of the Red Sea, said to four -and a half millions of people, “Go forward.” When the sea opened -to them and closed upon the armies of their oppressors, they -were free; but they were, and are still, in the wilderness. Yet -two lines of spontaneous enthusiasm broke forth—that of the -ex-slaves for learning, and that of the North to supply it. - -In that day there was no longer a question as to the need of -the American Missionary Association, or of the wisdom of its -existence. It was complimented with having “builded wiser than -it knew.” Churches and individuals chose it as their channel for -reaching this new field of patriotic and Christian labor. The -Boston Council of Congregational Churches of 1865 recognized it -as having been providentially raised up for the hour, and voted -a call to the churches to give it $250,000 for the year. The -Association promptly met this new responsibility, and organized -the necessary measures for collecting funds at home and abroad, -and with so much success that when the year was ended its -treasury had received a little more than the great sum named. It -has since moved forward with larger resources and a larger work. -Its income for the fourteen years from its organization till the -war began averaged $40,810.57 per annum; for the fourteen years -since the war, $279,269.18 per annum. - -A third call comes to the Association—the call of this hour. The -early enthusiasm in the Freedmen work subsided. This new call -springs from no sudden revival of that enthusiasm, but rather -from that “sober second thought” that follows the reaction from -it, and which comes from the pressure of hard, stern facts. I -cannot, therefore, explain the present aspect of affairs without -reverting to the cause of that decline of interest. The zeal of -Christian people slackened when they found the work among the -Freedmen could not all be finished in fifteen or twenty years. -This was the general expectation at the outset, strange as it -may seem—nay, amusing, if the mistake were not so serious. The -orthodox and well-ordered Christian man has no doubt of the need -of _perpetual_ help for the West, and he cheerfully aids it -through the accredited channels, the Bible, Tract, Sunday-school, -Education, College and Church Building Societies, and especially -the honored Home Missionary Board; though those Western settlers -have behind them the culture of more than a thousand years, -with the personal education of New England homes, schools and -churches, and also the business training among the shrewd and -thrifty people. But these Negroes, who have behind them only -untold ages of barbarism and oppression, and whose homes are -huts, whose schools are few, whose ministers are ignorant, who -have no capital and no business training—when these people loom -up before this good Christian man, he is amazed and discouraged -if a few years, a few books and a few teachers do not end all -responsibility for them. His creed in regard to them is as brief -as his patience, and may be given in the words of the poet: - - “They need but little here below, - Nor need that little long.” - -In like manner the well-ordered citizen lost his enthusiasm for -the Freedmen. He had been so long under the strain of anxiety -about the war that he was weary of it and of everything that -reminded him of it. Then there followed a succession of events in -regard to the Freedmen that played upon his hopes and fears till -he was doubly weary of them. - -First came the accession of Andrew Johnson to the Presidency -on the death of President Lincoln. Bright hopes arose. Lincoln -was too mild; but the stalwart war-Governor of Tennessee, the -unflinching Union man, the Moses of the colored people, as he -styled himself, he would do what Lincoln’s amiability would -have left undone. What a Providential ordering it was; the -silver lining on the black cloud of the assassination. But alas, -how soon the change! This Moses led the colored people not to -Canaan, but delivered them over to the murderous bands of the Ku -Klux; and the North, who again found the whole affair lying at -loose ends, was very much discouraged. Then General Grant was -elected, and hope again sprang up. The soldier-President would -take care of the Freedmen. He did; but the troops stationed at -the State houses of Columbia and New Orleans became at length -an intolerable vexation to the South and an utter weariness to -the again discouraged North. President Hayes brought again “the -era of good feeling.” The troops were removed. There was a time -of quiet for the colored people. Wade Hampton and Lamar pledged -the reciprocal good will of the South. I believe that these -leaders were sincere, but they little understood the import of -their pledge, or the mighty power that slumbered in the elements -beneath their feet, “We now witness the upheaval of that power, -the sweeping away of those pledges like the chaff of the summer -threshing-floor, the crushing again of the Negro, his relief -by flight to Kansas, and the symbols of Southern methods and -purposes revealed in the Chisholm murder and the Yazoo tragedy.” - -These facts, this serious aspect of affairs, and the palpable -inefficiency of temporary remedies, are awakening the North -to a fresh sense of responsibility and to the use of thorough -remedies. One evidence of this is found in the turning tide of -political affairs. A still more ominous one is foreshadowed -in the enthusiasm gathered around the flag of the Union. In -1872 Charles Sumner—zealous Union man as he was—moved in the -Senate that the names of victories in our civil war should -not be inscribed on our national regimental flags, and in the -decline of public interest those flags lay neglected in the cases -where they were deposited. But a few weeks since the State of -Connecticut removed her flags from the State Arsenal to the new -Capitol in Hartford, when, lo, ten thousand veteran survivors -and one hundred thousand spectators, making the grandest popular -demonstration ever witnessed in the State, assembled to bear -those flags with honor to their new resting place. I believe in -the power of the ballot, and I revere the flag, but I want to -raise my humble voice in warning against expecting too much from -elections, and against the terrible effects of an appeal to arms. -Has not the nation awaited with anxiety many times for election -returns only to be disappointed in the permanent effects, and -have we not felt enough of the dread evils of war to stand aghast -at the thought of its renewal? Let me use the words of Paul and -say, “Behold, I show you a more excellent way.” - -I present three pictures: - -The _first_ shows a gathering of colored people peacefully -assembled to promote their political welfare. But see that rush -of armed men, the brief unequal struggle, and the flight of -those who met only to exercise a constitutional right. In the -background of the picture is a jail broken open and the venerable -Judge Chisholm and his little son clinging to his knees, and his -heroic daughter endeavoring to shield her father, all butchered -in cold blood. In that background is another scene. That strong -man, the leader of Ku Klux bands, whose hands are dyed with the -blood of innocent colored men, and who could show the medal which -the grateful South had given him, is himself murdered in open -day, because he dared to announce himself not as a Republican, -but as an independent candidate for office. The worst of all is -that there is no legal remedy for these crimes. The National -Government cannot reach them with punishment, and the State -governments will not. They can only be tried in Southern courts -and before Southern juries, and these have acquitted the murderer -of the Chisholm father and children and refuse to try Barksdale -for the Yazoo murder. Thus does the South make itself solid, and -wipe out in blood the least traces of dissent from its supremacy. -The North is moved by all this—indignant, determined, and well -it may be; for what now avails the four years of war and the -fourteen years of attempt at justice and conciliation? - -But I show you _another_ picture. It carries us back a few years. -The Legislature of South Carolina is in session. Its members are -mostly black men. They have generally no property and pay no -taxes, yet they have taxed that already impoverished State to the -verge of destruction, not for public improvement, but to lavish -it upon themselves, in suppers, wines, personal perquisites, in -jobs and in railroad schemes. No more scandalous or reckless -plundering of a public treasury has ever been practiced in -America, and that is saying a great deal. Why is this little -handful of mock legislators allowed to do this? Why do not the -people rush in upon them and hurl them from the places they so -dishonor? Why? Simply because there stands as a guard a file of -United States soldiers—not themselves sufficient in numbers to -be formidable, but representing the National Government, and to -touch them is to touch it. The South is indignant, determined, -and do you wonder? The troops are now gone, the black legislators -are dispersed and white taxpayers are in their places; and rising -above all other considerations is the purpose of these taxpayers -that, at whatever cost, and by whatever needed methods, be it by -tissue ballots or by shotguns, those irresponsible plunderers -shall never come back again into power. You blame them; but I -fear you would do the same yourselves under like provocation. -If the General Government, by means of a bloody war, should -subdue the Western States, and then enfranchise in any one State -enough Indians to outvote the whites, and those Indians should -re-enact the plunderings of the Columbia Legislature, how long -would the West bear it? I suspect that very quickly every Indian -would be converted into a good Indian; but it would be in the -Western sense—he would be a dead Indian. Brethren of the North, -make the case your own. Put yourself in your Southern brother’s -place, and judge him by your own impulses. What, then, is the -true remedy for this great evil? To answer this we must honestly -consider what the real evil is. These South Carolina taxpayers do -not crush these black voters because they are black. They would -do the same to the “poor whites” if they, having the numerical -force, should enact the same wrongs. Nor is it because they are -Republicans. It would be the same if they called themselves -Democrats and did the same things. The trouble, therefore, is not -with the man’s color or party, but with the man himself—with his -ignorance, his degradation and his facility in being used as the -tool of designing men. _The remedy, then, is not to change his -color or his party, but his character._ All other remedies are -delusive, and it is a national folly and crime to tamper longer -with them. We have tried them; and to try them over again will -be but to swing like a pendulum between the soldiers in front -of the State house and the bulldozers at the elections. It is a -shame and a grievous wrong to leave matters as they are. It is a -wrong to the blacks to compel them to suffer in the South or flee -to Kansas. It is unfair to the South to put them to the dreadful -alternative of suffering or doing such great wrongs. It is a -shame for an enlightened nation to keep itself thus embroiled, to -the hindrance of its prosperity and the jeopardy of its peace. - -Let me show you my _third_ picture, which presents “the more -excellent way.” In the foreground is a school-house and near by -is a church. Around and in the distance are pleasant little homes -and well cultivated lands. These are the instruments for working -the needed change; they will make the Freedman intelligent, -virtuous and industrious; will give him property and responsible -interest in the welfare of the State. But you say this is a -long process. Admitted; but what if there is no other? A slave -can be changed into a freeman in an hour, but to change him -into an intelligent man will take years; to transform millions -of ignorant, cringing and penniless men into intelligent and -responsible citizens and Christians will require generations. -The acorn favorably planted will germinate into an oak in a few -days, and though small, it is a real oak; but it will be many -years before its broad branching arms will give wide shelter, or -its girth and strength of stem will yield heavy timber. A few -such plants started in good soil and carefully tended will come -forward rapidly, but the wide growth on arid plains or in cold -swamps will long remain dwarfs. The rapid progress of some of -these colored people under adequate training shows what _can_ be -done; the backwardness of the mass shows what _must_ be done. -Here is the call to this Association to bear its part in this -great work in America. It is no light task and no short work. -The North is once more aroused to its magnitude as well as its -necessity, and in that great effort the better portion of the -South is ready to join us. God forbid that any delusive scheme or -guilty indifference should hinder its steady progress. - -The wide Atlantic rolls between America and Africa, but a strange -connecting wire links the two together. The battery at yonder end -was charged with the dreadful electricity that arose from burning -villages, slaughtered people and captured slaves. The sounds that -swept along that wire were the wails of the “middle passage.” -The delivery at this end was the toil, the tears, and the blood -of the slave plantation. That connection is now broken. Does God -mean to establish no other? Yes, the battery is to be placed in -America, charged with the light of its learning and religion; the -hum of the wires will be the song of the returning heralds of -salvation, and the delivery will be the breaking forth of Gospel -light in benighted Africa. Such a change is worthy of God’s -wonder-working grace, and, thanks to His name, it has begun. - -Converging lines of providential purpose have met. In 1856 -Burton and Speke began the first movement in the great line -of modern discovery in tropical Africa; in 1858 they first -sighted Lake Tanganyika. In 1860 Speke and Giant set out on -the second expedition from Zanzibar; in 1862 they caught their -first glimpse of the Victoria Nyanza. Thence onward moved the -heroic procession—Sir Samuel Baker, Winwood Reade, Col. Gordon, -Livingstone and others, till last of all Stanley emerged at the -mouth of the Congo in August, 1877. A marked line of American -convergence also began in 1856 with the first shedding of blood -in the struggle with the slave power in Kansas. John Brown’s -raid came in 1859. The rebellion began in 1861; the slaves -were proclaimed free in 1863, and their education began almost -with the war. Other societies have their own coincidences in -this great work, but this Association having the distinction -of opening the first school among the Freedmen, it is a matter -of special interest with us that about one month after Stanley -reached the mouth of the Congo, we sent out our first company of -_colored_ missionaries to Africa, all of whom had been born in -slavery, were educated since emancipation, and, moved by the love -of Christ and of their fatherland, had gone thither to preach -the Gospel. This is to us the beginning of the other part of the -great work to which this Association is called, for Africa and -for America. - -We have the appliances for the work in our schools, our theological -departments and in our churches; in our experiences in tropical -Africa of the terrible death-rate of white missionaries, and in -the comparatively good health of the colored. Moreover, our decks -are cleared for action by the removal of the debt that has so long -hampered us. We can now handle our sails and our guns. May the -winds of heaven waft us on our course! Then again we see a way of -relief from the retrenchment enforced upon us by the debt and the -hard times. Buildings were needed—some to be enlarged, others to -be newly erected—but all such claims had to be sternly denied, -much as it cost us to deny; but now, in the good providence of -God, the generous benefaction of Mrs. Stone comes to our relief to -supply just such buildings. The return of prosperity to the country -encourages us to hope that the added expense in sustaining the -enlarged work will be met. That return of prosperity—shall it be -a curse or blessing? Shall it be the mad rush of muddy waters urged -on by avarice and ambition, and bearing on its turbulent surface -only reckless adventure, wild speculation, extravagant personal -expenditure, unscrupulous public plunderings, ending at last and -again in the dead sea of stagnation, bankruptcy, and, worst of all, -in the wrecking of character, imprisonment, insanity, or suicide? -Shall it not rather be consecrated, that it may be sanctified and -perpetuated—like the beneficent waters of the Nile carried out -into channels of benevolence, purified as it is quietly borne -along and broken in smaller rills, bearing everywhere over this -sin-parched earth the streams of salvation, making it to bloom with -the beauty and fragrance of holiness and to bear fruit to the glory -of God? Christian people ought to begin with the rising tide of -this prosperity to enlarge the streams of their benevolence, lest, -before they are aware, they be swept into the irresistible current. -Especially do we ask the friends of this cause to recognize this -auspicious era and plan to meet in some adequate measure the vast -work before us. - -The hour and the call have come. The nation is re-awakened to -its great duty to the late slaves; they are themselves awaking -to the glorious opening for them as citizens and Christians in -America, and they are enthusiastic to aid in redeeming the land -of their fathers. The possibilities of African regeneration are -enkindling the hearts of Christians in Germany, in Great Britain -and in America. God’s providence is opening the way and sending -His commands along the lines. Well may it be said to the Church -of Christ in America as Mordecai said to Esther, “Who knoweth -whether thou art not come to the kingdom for such a time as this?” - - * * * * * - -THE PROVIDENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEGRO IN AMERICA. - -REV. E. H. MERRELL, PRESIDENT OF RIPON COLLEGE. - - -The significance of the negro in America cannot be understood -without study in the light of the providence of God. It is not -presumption to seek in the course of events the divine thought; -it is rather presumption to assume that events occur without -a divine purpose. “They that love to trace a divine hand will -always have a divine hand to trace.” It is true that men have -committed unspeakable folly in attempting to force the thoughts -of the great God into the channels of their intellectual -pettiness. Philosophies of history written with a provincial -scholarship, under the eye of an unsound philosophy or the -extravagancies of religious enthusiasm, must from the nature of -the case be unsound; so a too particular and minute description -of the ways of Providence in the interest of a preconceived -theory of life, or of some specific reform or “cause,” leads to -fanaticism and exposure to contempt. There are sins committed -only by the good, if the solecism may be tolerated, and among -them is a profane assumption of knowledge in regard to the -purposes of God. But, on the other hand, it is greater folly -to assume that God has left the world out of His thought and -providential care, and that the course of the world is not made -by the efficiency of His word. It is absurd, also, to assume that -great providential courses are undiscoverable by the intelligence -of man. “When it is evening, ye say, It will be fair weather: -for the sky is red. And in the morning, It will be foul weather -to-day: for the sky is red and lowering. O, ye hypocrites, ye -can discern the face of the sky; but ye cannot discern the -signs of the times.” We may make ourselves quite ridiculous -in attempting to literalize the tails, wings, breastplates, -teeth, hair, faces, crowns, shapes of the horse-like locusts -of John’s apocalypse; but it is quite within the reach of our -faculties to find the key to his book and to unfold its prophetic -instructions and consolations. The use of the tabernacle as the -dwelling-place of Jehovah’s glory it is possible to find by a -simple exercise of the ken of philosophic interpretation; but -the symbolic import of the coverings of fine twined linen and -woven goats’ hair and rams’ skins dyed red, we must leave to the -dogmatism of unlettered exegesis. It is not our fault, then, -that we are looking too intently for the ways of God through the -history of the world, but rather that we do not look aright. -* * * * If it be true that “the Most High ruleth in the kingdom -of men, and giveth it to whomsoever He will;” that “He changeth -the times and the seasons; He removeth kings and setteth up -kings;” that “promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from -the west, nor from the south; but God is the Judge; He putteth -down one and setteth up another;”—if it be true that the Lord -“that stretcheth forth the heavens alone, that spreadeth abroad -the earth” by Himself also, “frustrateth the tokens of the liars, -and maketh diviners mad;” that He “sayeth of Cyrus, He is My -shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,” surnaming him, and -girding him, though he knew him not;—if, in short, the Lord is -God, and His providence extends over nature, over nations, over -individuals, over free acts, and over sinful acts,—surely we -shall not gather the significance of any great matter in the -world’s progress without such a study of the facts, and such an -interpretation of them as shall disclose the main trend of the -divine purposes. - -I think I hazard little in saying that the foothold of the Negro -in the United States is providentially significant in relation to -a great onward movement for the evangelization of the world. And -in this statement I have more in view than the Christianizing of -the dark continent. In relation to this, it may signify much; but -in relation to the whole kingdom of Christ, it signifies more. - -(1.) The truthfulness of this statement holds our conviction -when we view the facts in relation to the great end of all -history; and this is no transcendental or visionary gaze. It is -the perpetual characteristic of human folly to see events only -in their immediate relations; whereas, the present moment can -interpret nearly nothing. Philosophy concerns itself with remote -causes and ends. “Providence,” says Guizot, “hurries not Himself -to display to-day the consequence of the principle He yesterday -announced. He will draw it out in the lapse of ages. Even -according to our reasoning, logic is none the less sure because -it is slow.” God’s thought is from eternity; but it is only -because God has purposed that a science of history is possible, -or the end of history discoverable. Its philosophy is often based -on the assumption of the unity of the race; for the unity of -the race it is better to say, the unity of the divine purpose. -Said Augustine of old: “God cannot have left the course of human -affairs, the growth and decay of nations, their victories and -defeats, unregulated by the laws of His providence.” And as the -latest deliverance of philosophy we have from Professor Flint, -“The ultimate and greatest triumph of historical philosophy -will really be neither more nor less than the full proof of -Providence, the discovery by the process of scientific method of -the divine plan, which unites and harmonizes the apparent chaos -of human actions contained in history into a cosmos.” Suppose we -assume, as the end of history, the establishment of a kingdom of -righteousness, or the perfection of the members of the race for -an endless society; that the increase of wealth, the extending -of knowledge, the refinements of culture, have ultimate value -only in relation to such a kingdom or society; that the method -of procedure toward the attainment of this end involves the -encouragements and chastisements, the rewards and disciplines, -the pulling down amid building up, the slaying and making -alive, which belong to the law of discipleship for character. -Suppose, further, that we find ourselves living in a period -when the Christian world is peculiarly stirred with missionary -enthusiasm, and laboring to bring the whole world to membership -in the everlasting kingdom; and yet, again, that we have brought -to the midst of the most Christian nation millions of the most -barbarous people, and put in such relation to that nation that -the questions concerning them necessarily involve religious and -missionary aspects—assuming all this, and taking into view -the profound agitations, the vast numbers of beings involved, -the enormous commercial interests that have been staked, the -slow uprooting of inveterate race prejudices, the transforming -of societies, the hot wrath of God in sweeping commonwealths -with the besom of civil war, it becomes easily credible that -the Negro in the United States signifies a great providential -on moving the conversion of the world. To find in this Negro -problem nothing but the lust which brought him to our shores, or -the instrumentality of the wealth which he has been the means -of accumulating, or the object of a sentimental pietism which -would colonize him, or a nuisance for progressive abatement, is -to attempt to solve the puzzle of a bewildering maze without the -exercise of wisdom, or to have exit from a labyrinth without a -clew. But, with the right end in view, all the mysteries of it -are easily solved. - -It has been recently said, by an able English writer, that the -great plague of 1348-9 “is a totally new departure in English -history, incomparably more important in its permanent effects -than the conquest of William, the civil war of the fifteenth -century, the civil war and the revolution of the seventeenth. It -has left abiding results on the present condition of England. To -it we owe the peculiar position of the English aristocracy and -the equally peculiar position of the peasant. It created the poor -law and the trades’ union. It was the origin of Lollardism, which -was itself the precursor of the Reformation. Fortunately, it -occurred after representative institutions had become a necessary -part of English political life, or it would have destroyed -them.” Under Providence, Lollardism and the Reformation were the -final cause of pestilence, and it might have counted far more -if the end had been more exactly understood at the time of the -desolations. - -(2.) But that the Negro in the United States means, under -Providence, a forward movement in the work of evangelizing the -world may be inferred from _the moral and Christian element he -has forced into American politics_. The final cause of a special -Providence may not be apprehended by the large part of those -who are the witnesses of its procedure; but its drift may be -noted from the things they are constrained, under God, to think -and say and do about it. A nation may be girded to a task, even -without recognition of the hand or purpose of Him who girds; but -that nation will be saying and doing very significant things. -Now, the great enthusiasms of our political life for the century -following the achieving of our independence have resulted in -one way or another from the presence of the Negro. And this is -the same as to say that the Negro has been the unwitting cause -of the moral and religious elements in politics; for there are -no great enthusiasms which have not a basis in either morals -or religion. The courts, Cabinet, Congress, legislatures, the -pulpit, the platform, the hearth, have furnished the arena for -debate, harangue and purpose, which have enlarged our views -of the brotherhood of man, kindled an unexampled enthusiasm -for humanity, and deepened those moral convictions which are -the basis of sound character. But for all these superior -achievements in virtue, the black man has been the occasion, -and must have our thanks. Selfish men, irreligious men, profane -men, under the guidance of an unseen hand, have become the stout -advocates of the Christian principles of brotherhood and of duty -to carry a Gospel to every Creature. * * * * - -This advocacy of righteousness toward man, and of the rights of -man as man, has become so much a matter of course with us that we -are likely to overlook its vast significance. Even on our Puritan -soil it was not from the beginning so. The “austere morality and -democratic spirit of the Puritans” even did not keep them clear -of sin of human bondage. “Their experience of Indian ferocity and -treachery, acting on their theologic convictions, led them early -and readily to the belief that these savages, and, by logical -inference, all savages, were the children of the devil, to be -subjugated, if not extirpated, as the Philistine inhabitants of -Canaan had been by the Israelites under Joshua. Indian slavery, -sometimes forbidden by law, but usually tolerated, if not -entirely approved, by public opinion, was among the early usages -of New England; and from this to negro slavery—the slavery of -any variety of pagan barbarians—was an easy transition.” But at -the time of the Declaration of Independence public sentiment had -already greatly changed. - -In the original draft of this document there was a specific -indictment of George III., which was prophetic of the “furnace -blast” beneath which the nation for a hundred subsequent years -was to “wait the pangs of transformation” into a man-loving, -mission-promoting people. Mr. Jefferson, in the draft of the -immortal Declaration, reflected the public thought and feeling -so closely that he has been accused by many of plagiarism. We -seem thus early to find the pre-intimations of a nation in -its public acts ranging itself on the side of a vast scheme -of Providence. The indictment referred to is as follows: -“Determined to keep an open market where men should be bought -and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every -legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable -commerce. And that this assemblage of horrors might want no -fact of distinguished dye, he is now exciting those very people -to rise in arms among us, and purchase that liberty of which -he has deprived them by murdering the people on whom he also -obtruded them, thus paying off former crimes committed against -the _liberties_ with crimes which he urges them to commit against -the lives of another.” Mr. Jefferson, in his “Works,” says: -“The clause, too, reprobating the enslaving of the inhabitants -of Africa was struck out in complaisance to South Carolina and -Georgia;” and he adds, “our Northern brethren also, I believe, -felt a little tender under those censures; for, though their -people had very few slaves themselves, yet they had been pretty -considerable carriers of them to others.” It is as impossible, -at present, as it is needless to proceed from this initial point -through discussions for the formation of platforms and parties, -and from these to specific laws, and from laws to the violation -of them, and civil war. If a just God has been ruling among the -affairs of the nation, it is infidelity to doubt that He has been -guiding this vast and tumultuous slavery conflict to some great -end for the enlargement of His kingdom in the earth. The moral -and religious aspects of American political questions for the -last three generations have a Divine significance unsuspected by -the actors in our national drama. - -(3.) But of greater significance still is the fact that the -coming of the Negro incorporates a missionary element in our -national life. In the large advance movement now making for the -evangelizing of the race, it is evident that the colored people -are not to go out through a Red Sea into a wilderness, to become -a peculiar people to whom shall be committed the oracles of -God, and from whom shall arise one like the Messiah. No person -is now so superficial as not to see that, whether we will or -not, the Negro has come to stay. He is becoming even more and -more an element in the sum of those experiences which we call -our national life. He has not come to fit himself to become an -uplifter; he is rather here to do that work which shall fit and -cause this new and great nation to become in a peculiar way the -uplifter of peoples. It is the resistance of this idea which -has been the fundamental reason of all our national turbulence. -Providence meant one thing; the selfishness of man another. God -has given unmistakably the “sign of the prophet Jonas;” man -sees nothing but the redness of a lowering sky. Can we fail -to be impressed with the fact that a being whose not remote -ancestors were, if not savage, at least barbarian, has now come -into the possession of every element of American civilization? -The negro has our language, dress, civil customs, religion, -domestic and social life, and in the main, our vices. He is a -voter, law-maker, executive, educator, freeholder, priest, and -head of a Christian household. He has reached high proficiency -in many branches of learning, and is skilled in all the arts -with which we are acquainted. In a vast number of cases, through -crime be it granted, he is bone of our bone and flesh of our -flesh. He is less a ward than citizen, and hardly more pupil than -instructor. His absolute severance from fatherland,—his history, -his tenacity of life and of race characteristics, yet, while -retaining race characteristics, his greedy absorption of the best -elements of civilization,—his poverty and his possibilities, -awakening our sympathies and challenging our benevolent -enterprise,—his tenacious hold upon our soil, our customs and -our hearts,—these and many things beside indicate that he has -come to stimulate, to lift us to a higher form of evangelical -enterprise than that exhibited hitherto by any people. We are not -merely to make missionaries of the black people; but we through -them are to be ourselves made missionaries. It seems to be the -will of God that the nation should set itself to the work of -Christianizing the world. - -(4.) To add yet another evidence that the signs of the times -are to be interpreted in the line of advancing evangelization, -I would mention the genius of the Negro for piety. Colonel -Preston, who has written intelligently on the subject of the -religious education of the Negro, says that he has adopted -all the vices of the white race except suicide, duelling and -religious skepticism. His voice is not more flexible and pure -than, his faith is confiding and strong. And this is not a small -matter. The world doubtless has great need of brains, but it -has vaster need of character. Of the stones God can raise up -children to Abraham; but it requires no miracle to raise up -children to Plato. There is no fear for the brains of any race -that will accept Christianity. To virtue, knowledge will surely -be added. It is foolish for us Anglo-Saxons to assume that we -have found the best expression of religion. It would be like -the claim of the Pharisee, who assumed that the end of the law -was fulfilled in himself. The worldliness of the church is at -the present time more conspicuous than the churchliness of the -world. A person who lives simply according to the doctrine of -Christ is so singular as to get special notice in the church news -of the religious press. So long as it can be truthfully said -that “it is only by a special and rare experience that young -men in the church settle the question of their life-work by the -simple test of usefulness and duty; and if a young man is found -pondering the question in this view, it is regarded as a case of -unusual piety, and he is directed at once to the ministry; and -if an older man begins to inquire how he can do the most good -with his property, it is accepted as evidence of special growth -in grace, a ripening for heaven”—so long, I say, as this can be -truthfully said, it is perfectly within bounds to affirm that -the current expression of the religion of Christ is nothing less -than a shame. It is rational to hope that the Negro may help us -to a fitter expression. I admit his crudities, extravagancies and -immoralities, but he has a genius for religion nevertheless. It -has been conjectured that there was a period when the ancestors -of the Athenians were to be in no otherwise distinguished from -their barbarian neighbors than by some finer taste in the -decoration of their arms, and something of a loftier spirit in -the songs which told of the exploits of their warriors. But these -rude attempts were prophetic of their æsthetic triumphs; they had -a genius for the beautiful. - -It seems to me that Africa is the fitting continent in whose -mysterious solitudes the greatest explorer of this generation -should die in service and on his knees. He symbolized the -possibilities of the Negritto race for the expression of the -life of the Son of God, and mutely prophesied of the ages to -come. This race, with its greed for civilization and its natural -capabilities for religion, is in vital connection with the -foremost nation of these latter times. Does not this signify the -incoming of a more thorough righteousness, a loftier faith, and a -great advance movement for Christianizing the world? - -Whether I have correctly formulated the course of Providence -or not, it is clear that the Negro is in the United States for -a purpose, and that purpose is no petty one. He has been the -occasion of the most exhaustive discussion of the subject of the -rights of man, of the formation of a great national party, and -of the largest civil war of modern times. He is now the most -considerable element in national politics. If Providence is a -scheme of means and ends, in which particular events are chosen -to further great ends, and if a just God is presiding over the -destiny of our nation, it is simply illogical to conclude that -the foothold of the Negro on the continent is not a thing of vast -significance. And if this be true, every question concerning him -has a new importance. If Pharaoh had understood that the Hebrew -bondsmen were a chosen generation, he would have carried on the -brick business in a different way. This whole Negro question -needs study in a new light, “lest haply we be found even to -fight against God.” Governor St. John, of Kansas, in answer to -a question from the South, how to stop the Negro exodus, has -recently said: - -“Rent the Negro land and sell him supplies at fair prices. Stop -bulldozing him. Respect the sanctity of his family. Make him feel -that he is just as safe in his person and family, and in all -civil and political rights, as he can be in Kansas or any other -Northern Slate. Then he will not want to come North. Unless you -do this, the Red Sea will open before him and he will pass over -dry-shod; and you of the South, attempting to stop him, will be -overwhelmed, as was Pharaoh and his hosts.” - -These are sharp words, and their rebuke is doubtless needed. It -is probably not important to stop the Negro exodus. For both -the Negro and the white race it is needful that large numbers -be removed from the scenes of their old servitude. The Negro -will rise faster and will more readily be the connecting and -reconciling link between two antagonistic forms of civilization. -This is but a stage in those wilderness wanderings by which he -is being fitted to perform his part in the drama of the world’s -renewing. In Kansas and everywhere he must have chance to develop -according to what is in him, and there need be no fear that he -will not act his part well. - -This theme suggests many practical matters concerning the -importance and the methods of home evangelization. These cannot -be discussed in this paper; but I wish to raise again the -question asked by large numbers of our most sagacious men, viz.: -whether, in view of what seem to be vast providential designs -concerning the inhabitants of this continent, our home work -is not suffering comparative neglect? This is my deliberate -conviction. For the colored man, at least, we are doing but a -fraction of what it would be profitable to do. He is very far as -yet from entering into his rest, and for long years yet we are to -share with him “the pangs of transformation.” - - “Before the joy of peace must come - The pains of purifying. - God give us grace, - Each in his place, - To bear his lot, - And murmuring not, - Endure, and wait, and labor.” - - * * * * * - -CHURCH WORK IN THE SOUTH. - -BY REV. C. L. WOODWORTH. - - -The subject before us is “Church Work in the South.” This -work, though it seems to be fundamental to every missionary -organization, has yet been sharply challenged both as to its -propriety and expediency. Put thus on the defensive, it may be -well to recur to first principles, in order to satisfy ourselves -that the church is the _unit idea_ in all Christian labor. And -to unfold that idea in the conversion of men, and to make it -potential in society, through the preaching of the Gospel and -the sanctified lives of believers, is the end of the family, -of the school, and of all the forces which go to civilize and -uplift communities. That work which does not aim at the church -as its end, however refining and ennobling it may be in itself, -fails, utterly and infinitely, to realize the ideal of the New -Testament, or the ideals of history as seen in the progress of -Christ’s kingdom in the earth. When, therefore, a society like -the one whose anniversary we are now celebrating presents itself -for our suffrage and our support, it becomes our privilege, and -perhaps our duty, to question its mission and its right to live. -Should it appear that secular education is the object mainly -aimed at, then we would say it has just as much right to live as -there is reason for the work it is doing. But if, on the other -hand, it should appear that the regeneration of men, and the -founding of pure and intelligent churches, is its central thought -and aim, and that all other instruments in its hands are but -tributary to this, then we would say it has just as much right to -live as there is force and authority in the last command of our -ascended Lord. This will become evident if we examine: - -(1.) The _Commission_ under which a society like this does its -work. The warrant for a missionary society, as for all missionary -effort, is found in the words of our Saviour to his disciples, -just before he went up on high: “All power is given unto me in -heaven and on earth; go ye, therefore, and teach all nations, -baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of -the Holy Ghost, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever -I have commanded you, and lo, I am with you alway, even unto -the end of the world.” Analyze these words, as repeated by -three evangelists, and, we submit, they leave upon the mind the -single, distinct impression that the work he commissioned his -disciples to do was to teach or to preach Christ; was to call -to repentance, and show how sin could be atoned and remitted -through the blood of the Crucified. That message is given to -this society—the most important ever committed to men; and -to proclaim it freely and fully, all its resources of men and -of money, of learning and of influence, should be put under -contribution. This is the work than which nothing greater nor -grander can be conceived. - -(2.) This will further appear if we study the _model_ of -missionary work, which is presented to us in apostolic labor and -example. If the _words_ of our Saviour define the work to be -done, the example of the Apostles defines and illustrates the -_manner_ in which it should be done. And beginning at Jerusalem, -we find that the Apostles and the company of the believers gave -themselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word. When -the endowment of power had come, they began to speak in other -tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance. They were now divinely -empowered and set apart for their work. The Holy Ghost is now -their inspirer and guide, and when the multitude came running -together to see what this strange thing could mean, Peter, with -the eleven, stood up and delivered that searching discourse which -went with convincing and converting power to the hearts of 3,000 -men. - -Indeed, what is the Acts of the Apostles but a record of -missionary operations conducted by inspired men, who were -specially empowered and guided by the Holy Ghost, in which the -preaching of Christ was the all-absorbing theme? Peter and James -among the Apostles, and Philip and Stephen among the deacons, -were illustrious preachers in their day, and models of devotion -to the single purpose of winning men to Christ. Converts were -multiplied, churches organized, and believers made to feel that -the _one supreme_ work was to teach or to preach Christ. The -movement began on the day of Pentecost by preaching Christ, and -on that line it continued its triumphant way while the Apostles -lived. They neither sought nor asked for anything more. They were -content to wield the sword of the Spirit which is the word of -God. And so they preached Christ, “to the Jews a stumbling-block -and to the Greeks foolishness, but unto them which were saved, -Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.” - -(3.) If we needed other evidence that this line of work is -the true one, we have it in the historical _examples of other -successful missionary work_ since the time of the Apostles. -We only need to examine those great religious movements in -history which not only lifted the Church, but started the human -race forward on higher courses of thought and life, to satisfy -ourselves that the Gospel was the quickening power, and furnished -the motive and impulse to the astonishing results which followed. -A single text ringing in the ear of the monk as he slowly and -wearily climbed Pilate’s stairs at Rome, on his knees, “The -just shall live by faith,” explains the Reformation. That was -the key-note to all the preaching and writing of Luther and the -Reformers. That truth lifted and saved men; that truth organized -the free thought and the Protestant churches of Germany, and made -the Reformation a success. - -The Puritan movement in England, to some extent contemporaneous -with that in Germany, proceeded on the same principles. Men -mighty in the Scriptures were raised up to preach the word. They -relied on nothing but the simple Gospel of Christ. All the might -of king and council and Parliament could not crush a movement -having its sources in the word of God. It crystallized into -dissenting churches; it flowed beyond the British Islands on to -the continent of Europe and to the continent of America, taking -possession of a new empire and a new world. - -The Methodist movement, under Whitefield and the Wesleys, was -still another uprising and following of the human mind after the -simple truths of the Gospel. Though educated men themselves, -they had almost a contempt for human learning and the wordly -appliances on which other churches so much relied. The preaching -of the word accompanied by the power of the Holy Ghost was their -_sole_ reliance. On that principle they organized their churches, -literally preaching the Gospel to the poor, and, at the end of a -century, had a membership outnumbering any Protestant church in -Christendom. It would be easy to show that modern missions, at -home and abroad, have been most successful as they have relied -most fully on the simple preaching of the word, and that the -building up of churches has been the saving power of communities -_intellectually_, _morally_ and even _materially_. - -(4.) Applying now the facts and principles barely glanced at -in this review to the subject in hand, we shall find that, so -far as the South is concerned, pure and intelligent churches -are at this moment more a necessity even than schools are. The -education of the intellect is vitally important; but for its own -security it should rest on the broader education of the moral -nature. The former will make keen, sharp men, shrewd in business -and other transactions, but only the latter can be trusted to -make honest, faithful, conscientious men. While we insist that -_Christian schools_ are the true handmaid of religion, we must -not be tempted to substitute science and culture for piety, nor -to make schools stand for more than churches. The church alone -is fundamental, but for the best results they belong together -and should go together. Schools _can_ be made and _should_ be -made helps to religion; but we mistake their nature entirely -when we imagine that there is anything in the ordinary studies -of the class-room—the classics, the mathematics, or the natural -sciences—to sanctify the heart or subdue the will to God. -The colored race is vastly more run down on its moral side -than on its intellectual side. This is true of all degraded, -barbarous races. The direct effects of slavery on the colored -race were its moral effects. To be sure, it left the race poor -and uncultivated; but _that_ might have been borne and easily -repaired had it left the moral integrity of the race intact and -pure. The school of slavery perverted the moral nature, and until -_that_ is rectified, no process of intellectual education can -lift the race on to the high level of a true manhood and a great -future. - -Men and nations are lifted and made truly great through their -moral qualities rather than through their intellectual. At any -rate, if history teaches any lesson it is, that no nation has -long exhibited great intellectual qualities which has not been -sustained by greater moral qualities; and that no nation, ancient -or modern, has become intellectually great that was not first -morally great. The age of Pericles in Greece, and the Augustinian -age in Rome, when the human mind in each of those countries -reached its climacteric, was preceded by those great moral -virtues among the people which made them severely simple, honest, -brave and true. Greece had her Homer, her Solon, her Æschylus, -her Euripides, her Sappho, before she had her Pericles. Rome had -her Romulus, her Numa, her Cato, her Scipios, and for mothers, -her Cornelia, her Marcia and her Portia, before she had her -Augustus. England had her Alfred, her Bede, her Wickliffe, her -Knox and her Reformers, before she had her Bacon, her Shakespeare -and her Milton. Germany had her Luther, her Melanethon, her -Calvin, her Zwingle, and her long line of Protestant confessors -and defenders, before she had her Goethe, her Schiller, her -Humboldt, her Herder and her Beethoven. The ancient nations, -whose masterpieces in literature and art are still the models on -which we form our taste, declined intellectually precisely as -they declined morally. The great age of English literature was a -greater age of moral heroism; and Germany’s highest intellectual -development is but the consummate flowering of the moral forces -which have come down from the Reformation. Both will decline as -the moral supports on which they rest are weakened or undermined. - -In the light of the past, it would seem clear that if we merely -sought the highest intellectual development of the colored race, -we would educate most assiduously their moral nature—their -weakest and most neglected part. But this can be done effectually -only through a pure and intelligent ministry of the word. In pure -churches alone can moral instruction, based on Divine authority, -find its highest sanctions. The secular teacher, indeed, may -instruct in morals and religion, but his words do not carry the -sanctity nor the authority of him who ministers at God’s altar in -holy things. It is in the Church, where men speak in the name of -God, and where the soul is brought face to face with the claims -of God, that the highest moral motives are pressed and felt. And -hence we say, the Church _foremost_, and everything tributary to -the Church, because the Church deals supremely with the moral -nature, through which degraded races can alone be lifted. - -(5.) There is a farther necessity for such churches, in order -that we may save the present and coming generation of educated -young colored men and women from skepticism and infidelity. -The moment we educate a young man or a young woman to read -intelligently, or to speak and write the English language -grammatically, we have educated them out of the old colored -churches. They will not listen to men whose vocabulary has more -sound than meaning, and who violate with every sentence every law -of correct speech. The white churches are not open to them in any -such sense that they feel at liberty to enter them on any footing -of Christian equality. Unless we provide for them something which -is more pure and rational than their own churches, free from the -clamors and excitements of mere animal passion, we send them into -the streets and away from the house of God. After a young man -or a young woman has remained in school long enough to see the -ignorance of the colored preachers, and has gained sufficient -intelligence to make moral distinctions, it is inevitable that he -should turn from such teachers, and revolt from such moral and -religious guides. - -If they are compelled to judge religion only by the specimens -of it which they see around them, why should not a common -intelligence reject it altogether? Our education, therefore, must -either lead our students out of the old churches into infidelity, -or it must lead them into churches where an intelligent ministry -and a pure worship will satisfy both intellect and heart. I can -conceive no greater wrong we can do that race than to destroy -their faith in the religion taught and practiced in their -churches, if we do not supply them with a better. A race without -a religious faith is lost; and, while our education destroys the -old, let us be careful to put in the place of it the _new_ and -the _true_. - -(6.) And, finally, pure and intelligent churches are a necessity -in order to create a reservoir of piety and ability sufficient to -nurture and bring forward the young men and women needed for the -work of redeeming Africa. If the colored race in this country is -ever to be broadened to the full conception of saving Africa—is -ever to be made capable of laying broad and deep the foundations -of Christian States on that dark continent—if it is ever to be -inspired to the effort of such an undertaking—the movement must -begin at the foundations of character, in the moral sensibilities -and convictions of the soul. And a movement that is wide enough -and strong enough to sustain such an attempt must begin at the -house of God, must have its roots in Christian homes, must be fed -in the closet, at the family altar, with the word of God and the -breath of prayer. The movement which saves Africa will be a race -movement; will be the light and pressure of Divine truth upon the -minds and consciences of the people, and a baptism of Pentecostal -fire consecrating them to the work. But to what agencies shall -we look for such mighty spiritual energies as are needed for -the recovery of a race to Jesus Christ? The Church is the vast -reservoir of spiritual forces, and she utilizes other instruments -as they are needed to accomplish her work. But if it should -happen that we should mistake instruments or methods for power, -even schools for the Church of the living God, we should soon -find that the body without the spirit is dead. - -It would avail little if here and there one in our schools might -be persuaded to enter the African field. What could he do without -the prayers, the sympathies, as well as the moral and pecuniary -support of his race behind him? And what certainly would there be -of a supply or of a succession of laborers, unless the churches -were holding their members to the work and were pushing forward -their children to offer themselves in its behalf? The churches -alone can create a race sentiment broad and deep and potent -enough to bear up an enterprise aiming at the Christianization -of Africa. It is the Gospel, ministered by holy men, which -unifies and exalts communities. It is the Church, as the centre -and representative of divine power, which stands for God, and -the word and the ordinances entrusted to her keeping are his -only visible hold upon the world. If we would have Christian -scholars in training for Africa—as teachers, as preachers, or -as statesmen—they should come from homes and churches in which -the spirit of Christ, the spirit of humanity, and the spirit of -missions was as the breath of life. On the one hand, we want the -churches as the inspiring and sustaining power both for men and -money, and on the other, as the motive and model for the work -we are called to do. Our missionaries need to live and move in -an atmosphere of holy self-denial and charity, to be empowered -by the prayers and godly zeal of the great brotherhood of the -saints, in order to a full consecration. We can expect men and -money for the work in sufficient number and amount only as the -churches, like mighty reservoirs, gather and hold all their -forces of brain, of heart, of will, of wealth and of learning, of -piety and of power, for Christ. - - * * * * * - -AFRICA. - - * * * * * - -REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. - -The report on the Association’s work in Africa, submitted -to your committee, shows that the Mendi Mission has reached -once more a degree of prosperity and promise. In its church, -school and industrial work it has been prospered, and in the -plan of preparing and using native helpers do we find the -great principle of all successful schemes for disseminating -the Gospel wisely adopted. Furthermore, the signal fact seems -now already permanently established that the Freedmen are the -providential missionaries for the dark continent. They endure -the climate as Europeans cannot, and, as trained for their work -in the seminaries of this society, they evince a capacity which -fits them for a rare evangelical service in the land of their -ancestors. - -But the matter to which it is especially fitting that your -attention be directed with unwonted seriousness is the conditional -decision recently arrived at by the Executive Committee of this -Association to accept Mr. Arlington’s offer of £3,000, and open -in Eastern Africa a new mission station. That indicates what all -interested in the great problem of Africa’s Christianization -should welcome with thanksgiving and prayer, viz., that this -Association is to take a new and advanced part in this latest -missionary crusade. Now its work will have a higher significance -and a wider reach; for under God does it more and more seem that to -this Association is to fall the high part of preparing the needed -missionaries for Africa. The relation of the educational work of -the Association to this grand enterprise becomes impressively -apparent. There is a compensation in God’s providence, and in this -instance it is inspiring to believe that our Freedmen, as the best -fitted agents, are to become the preachers of Christianity to -the land from which their ancestors were cruelly carried away as -slaves. Here, now, is something proposed which will tax our faith -and test our courage and consecration. - -The field for the proposed mission seems to be wisely chosen, and -in the Nile basin, making one more in a chain of mission stations -recently opened, will this Association have its place and do its -share in redeeming the continent to which the entire church now -is turning with a yearning heart. It is somewhat significant -that the proposed field for this mission is in a portion of -the continent most desolated by the slave trade. Pre-eminently -appropriate is it that this society, so long the friend and -advocate of the slave, should carry the tidings of “the liberty -wherewith Christ makes men free” into the midst of tribes which -have suffered from this terrible traffic. - -The full and studied report of the Foreign Committee, in the -April number of the AMERICAN MISSIONARY, on the character and -promise of the special field designated by Mr. Arthington, makes -it unnecessary for your committee to add anything touching -upon this point. The careful investigation made in the first -instance confirms the wisdom of Mr. Arthington in naming to -this Association the field he has. His own letter, published -in the March number, shows that he had conferred with the best -authorities as to the location of the mission, and that he has -chosen a district that offers unusual attractions for such a -station as this Association should establish. - -We believe your committee but voice the feeling of all -friends of this Association when expressing the hope that the -conditions on which this missionary advance depends will be -promptly met, so that without delay measures can be adopted -to enter this open door, and improve this latest and greatest -opportunity of doing for the millions of the long-forgotten and -long-despised continent. It is very evident that the foreign -work of the Association is to become of increasing importance -and magnitude, for to it has providentially fallen the high -privilege of preparing the workers especially required in -African evangelization. With its old mission on the West Coast -rising now into fresh usefulness, on its new basis of depending -upon Freedmen missionaries and native helpers, and the projected -station south and west of Gondokoro, in a field full of promise, -it will become a great evangelistic power in Africa. The springs -and feeders of its work will be in those noble educational -institutions established in our Southern land, for from these -will go forth the colored men and women who will show of what -holy sacrifice and achievements they are capable. - - * * * * * - -We should not forget that to this Association belongs the honor -of inaugurating in this country the more recent phase of African -evangelization. At the annual meeting in Clinton, Iowa, in 1874, -was the first note sounded for a missionary advance into the -heart of the dark continent, and in the annual gathering of -1875 and every year since has it been a prominent subject for -consideration. Mr. Arthington was induced to make his offer to -the Association because of its early and pronounced sympathy with -this plan of interior missions in Africa, and we, of our own -belief, would be disloyal to the flag we first gave to the winds -of heaven if we did not gird ourselves for this new venture. This -Association cannot afford to be absent from the Christian forces -now entering the far land, for by Providence and the signal -history of past years, and its peculiar relation to the African -race, it is called to take its place, highest of all, in the -lustrous belt of missions that now extend from the Zambesi along -the chain of lakes to the region in the Nile basin which we are -to man under the name of the Arthington Mission. - - M. M. G. DANA, - H. T. ROSE, - G. D. PIKE, - S. J. HUMPHREY. - - * * * * * - -THE MENDI COUNTRY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. - -BY REV. G. D. PIKE. - -The territory under view is bounded on the east by the River -Niger, on the north by the Great Desert, and on the west and -south by the Atlantic Ocean. - -(1.) Its surface is varied by mountains, plains, forest and -rivers, while its coast is indented with bays and harbors of -grand proportions. Skirting the coast there is an alluvial region -extending for fifty miles to a mountain forest range eighty -miles in width; then follows an open plateau which extends to -the Niger and beyond. The soil of this plateau is described as a -rich prairie land, of such productiveness and beauty that it is -regarded by missionaries who have seen it as the garden spot of -the world. - -(2.) The climate of the country is admitted on all hands to be -hostile to efforts for the advancement of its people, while the -coast has been fitly styled “the burial-ground of white men.” -A deadly malaria, poisonous both to man and domestic animals, -checks the progress of industries and the work of Christianity. -It is believed, however, that this malaria is more especially -confined to the low mangrove swamps of the coast, and that after -the forest belt is passed the open plateau will afford healthy -localities. - -The sanitary condition of a country can be determined in a -measure by its domestic animals. The pestilential vapors of a -malarious region are said to be absorbed to a greater extent by -quadrupeds, living constantly in the open air, than by mankind, -living a portion of the time in-doors. The ancient Greeks -observed this fact, and incorporated it in verse centuries ago: - - “On mules and dogs the infection first began, - And last, the vengeful arrow fixed in man.” - -Now the open plateau we have mentioned may be called the -“cattle-belt of the Mendi country and its neighborhood.” Here -unnumbered herds of horses, cows and other domestic animals -abound, making it somewhat evident that the climate may be found -favorable for the development of an advanced civilization. - -(3.) The products of this country are such as are common to the -tropics, and are very abundant. Coffee grows spontaneously. -India-rubber enough for generations could be easily obtained. -Vast areas of timber lands, characterized by trees thirty feet -in diameter, with spreading branches sufficient for the shelter -of a regiment, abound in the forest belt. Here are found great -varieties of dye-woods, and other woods that admit of a beautiful -finish. Lumber is in great demand, and the saw-mill belonging -to this Association is taxed to its utmost, and quite unable to -furnish a supply sufficient for the market near at hand. The -export of palm-oil from this locality is very great, and at -present is doubtless the leading article of merchandise. - -It is quite possible, however, that within a generation the most -alluring wealth of the country will be its treasures of gold. -This precious metal is found in a belt extending from the Gold -Coast inland three hundred and fifty miles. Of the productiveness -of the gold mines or pits, as they are called, we can judge but -little otherwise than by the meagreness of the facilities of the -natives for collecting gold, and by the amount found among the -different tribes. From what can be learned I am led to believe -that the great enterprise that shall yet stir the thought of the -mercantile world in behalf of this region will be that of the -gold hunter. In support of this view we have facts before us like -the following: The king of the Ashantees is covered with golden -ornaments. He is served by his cook with a golden spoon. His -spies, to the number of a thousand, wear golden breastplates, -his officers carry gold-hilted swords, and his subjects use gold -dust for money. The chiefs of the land manufacture golden images -to display their wealth, while their attendants are embellished -with golden badges. Even on the great plateau, three hundred -miles inland, gold is the money of the country. In Bouré the -people do nothing but dig up gold, which they exchange for food -with the neighboring tribes. The indications certainly are, -that if so much gold is secured by native women, who wash out a -little surface sand in their simple gourds, mines of wealth must -lie beneath awaiting the more powerful machinery of an American -civilization. - -(4.) We come now to notice the internal improvements projected for -opening up this country to commerce and the higher development of -its people. Lines of steamers ply from the Senegal to the Niger, -and ports are opened where trade is carried on equal in amount -to $20,000,000 annually. The Niger and its tributaries afford -navigable waters for 3,500 miles, enabling the merchant to proceed -with boats from Timbuctoo to the Atlantic. Steamers already ply -upon this river and inland trade is rapidly developing. - -At present there are many obstacles to overcome, of which the -superstition of the natives is not the least. There is, however, -a project full of promise for reaching this country. By recent -surveys it has been ascertained that opposite the Canary Islands, -in latitude 28° north, running five hundred miles south-east in -the Great Desert, there is a sink two hundred feet below the -level of the Atlantic, extending to within one hundred miles -of Timbuctoo, the great city of Central Africa. This sink or -depression has a width of one hundred and twenty miles, and -contains sixty thousand square miles of land. Explorers agree -that a channel once connected its north-western extremity -with the Atlantic, where it terminated in a sand-bank, which -prevented the waters of the ocean from flowing into its bed. Its -mouth is formed between perpendicular rocks, and measures about -two and a half miles in width, and is blocked by a sand-bar, -three hundred yards across, with a height of thirty feet above -the sea. All that is needed is to excavate a ship canal three -hundred yards long through the sand-bar, and the inland sea will -be speedily formed. When this is accomplished the Mendi country -and its neighborhood will be a vast island, approachable from -many directions, and a belt of civilization will be closed in -until the whole area is blessed with peace and abundance. Then -“Afric’s sunny fountains” will “roll down their golden sands” -into the lap of the older civilizations, and receive in return -the riper and richer results of the heaven-born blessings of the -Gospel. - -(5.) It is fitting, furthermore, that we consider the character -and condition of the people of this domain. As to their physical -proportions, we have reason to believe that back of the malarial -belt they are well formed, muscular and endowed with powers -of great endurance. The tribes of the interior drive down the -inhabitants of the forest range into the lowland, where the law -of the survival of the unfittest obtains on account of malaria -leaving alive the coarse, muscular men of the coast. Of the -mental capacity of these people a good illustration was seen -in Barnabas Root, a real heathen, who came to this country and -was graduated at a Western college and also at the Chicago -Theological Seminary, ranking among the best scholars of his -class at both institutions. - -The capacity of this people is also indicated by some splendid -achievements on African soil. A native among the Vey people -invented an alphabet with two hundred characters, in which -communications could be sent by letter and the language preserved -in books. Still another contrived an instrument before the -invention of the telegraph, called an _eleimbic_, for conveying -sound, and by means of which messages could be sent for several -miles. Native women manufacture cloth, woven in different colors; -they also make a species of twine as delicate and useful as -any in the world. Clay vessels that hold water, iron axes and -implements of utility of native manufacture, also abound. - -Timbuctoo, the queen city of the Desert, at the north-eastern -boundary of the country we are considering, contains 20,000 -inhabitants, and is laid out with regular streets and well-built -houses. Here is found a great mosque with nine naves and a tower -286 feet high and 212 wide, while other mosques of great age -and importance greet the eyes in this wonderful city. These -indications of skill are found among native Africans, even if -due, especially in Timbuctoo, to the Mohammedan faith. Cities and -towns in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and further along the coast, are -the result in part of a foreign civilization, but still in some -measure attest the capacity of the real heathen. - -These people not only evince capacity for the development -of material wealth, but for the science of government. They -evidently believe in experiments in governmental civilization. -For example, the king of Dahomey selects the most robust of his -wives for a body-guard and organizes regiments of amazons. These -are said to be most courageous soldiers and absolutely devoted -to their calling. He also displays his appreciation of object -lessons in temperance reform by keeping a drunkard on rum, that -his hideous aspect might deter the people from that vice; while -the boys who act as porters on the coast promote the observance -of Sunday laws by charging for their services on the Lord’s day -sixpence extra for breaking the Sabbath. - -The question, however, with which we have chief concern relates -to the religious instincts or capabilities of these people. -These may be measured in some degree by the sacrifices they make -and by the notions they entertain. For example, among the Foula -tribe the offerings to the Fetish must be made by a “sinless -girl.” Among the Mendi, they believe in a supreme being who made -all things, who punishes those who wrong their friends; they -thank him for blessings, and blame him for trouble and sickness. -The fetishism of the African is based upon religious instincts, -and indicates the strength of his aptitude for faith, prayer and -self-denial. - -We have not at command any comprehensive knowledge of the habits -of all the tribes of the Mendi country and its neighborhood. -We are able, however, to give some account of the unprejudiced -conduct of the Ashantees during a four years’ war, as observed -by two German missionaries held as prisoners at Coomassie for -that length of time. They narrate a condition of heathendom that -ought to inspire us to pray and labor for the enlightenment and -redemption of this wretched people. - -The worst phase of their condition is exhibited in the practice -of offering human sacrifices. We are told that when the king -visits the burial-place of his ancestors he offers a human -sacrifice on approaching the skeleton of each one, and in this -manner some thirty persons are slaughtered. When about to repair -a roof at the burial-place after a storm, as many more victims -are offered to appease the wrath of the departed. On funeral -occasions many villagers are killed, till it pleases the king to -forbid the further shedding of blood. The arms of poor wretches -are cut off in midday, while they are compelled to dance for the -amusement of the king before being taken to execution. If the -victims will not dance, lighted torches are applied to their -wounds until the drums beat, and then their heads are taken off. - -During the Ashantee war 136 chiefs were slain. According to the -belief of the people it was necessary to send a considerable -retinue after them to the other world. For this reason a -ceremony called a “death-wake” was instituted, at which, for -each Coomassie chief, 30 of their people were killed. If an -equal retinue was assigned for chiefs in other localities, the -slaughtered persons would number 4,080 souls. At the funeral -festivities of Kokofu more than 200 human beings were sacrificed, -the king beheading several with his own hand. On the death of -a prince many of his wives are slain, and if the number he -possessed is not deemed sufficient, the king adds a selection -of girls, who are painted white and hung with golden ornaments. -These sit about the coffin for days, but are finally doomed -to the grave as attendants for the departed. The apology for -such practices is given by the king of Dahomey in the following -language: “If I were to give up this custom at once, my head -would be taken off to-morrow. These things cannot be stopped, -as one might suppose. By and by, little by little, much may be -done. Softly, softly; not by threats. You see how I am placed.” -A missionary of much experience on the coast tells us: “The -practice of offering human sacrifices is founded on a purely -religious basis, designed as a manifestation of piety, sanctioned -by long usages, upheld by a powerful priesthood, and believed to -be essential to the very existence of the tribes where it exists.” - -But, thank God, over these dark areas of Pagan land we believe -the “morning light is breaking.” Already about the Mendi country -and its neighborhood there are twenty-three central mission -stations, many, if not all of which are circled with tributary -“out-stations,” lighting the country like a galaxy of planets and -stars and suns. Here different religious societies have organized -more than one hundred churches, and one hundred times as many -converts, and gathered 20,000 children in its schools. To this it -must be added that nearly a score of dialects have been mastered, -and portions of the Scriptures printed in as many tongues; while -millions of real heathen have felt the blessed influence of the -Gospel. As you will see by the map, there is a belt of missions -from the Senegal on the north along the coast to the mouth of -the Niger, and up the Niger the native black Bishop Crowther has -located nine mission stations, manned by converted heathen, who -are pushing northward toward Timbuctoo, with their steamers and -other facilities for extending the work. - -We, of the American Missionary Association, are in the heart -of this great domain. The Mendi tribe is supposed to occupy a -region hundreds of miles inland, and to number two millions of -souls. The work of our missionaries on that ground is fruitful -of suggestions and encouragement. The faith and aspirations of -all, I believe, was expressed by Mr. Anthony, a colored hero from -Berea, Ky., in his letter to New York: “If you had the money I -would say, send 100,000 missionaries to Africa at once.” The -Freedmen are rapidly fitting themselves to go up and possess this -land for Christ. Give us the money and we will send them forward. - -At some of the fashionable watering-places by the shores of the -sea, during the past summer, you noticed chains of electric -lights illuminating the fairy-like towers and palaces and -abodes of ten thousand pleasure-seekers, who, amid music and -gayety and song, sported in the tide as it broke in billowy -grandeur on the snowy sands; darkness was changed to day, and -night abolished by the wonderful discovery of Mr. Edison. So, I -think, our missionary stations in Western Africa are electric -lights, dispelling the darkness and ushering in that light which -is the truth and the way. Mr. Edison maintains his luminaries -by batteries with positive and negative poles, two extremes -operating one over against the other. Not otherwise is it with -the lights of the missionary world. They must be supported by the -great batteries of prayer and sacrifice. Praying and giving must -be our watchword. Pray the Lord of the harvest that He send forth -the laborer into His harvest, and remember the words of the Lord -Jesus, how He said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” - - * * * * * - -THE INDIANS. - - * * * * * - -REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. - -Your committee, to whom has been referred that part of the report -of the Executive Committee which concerns the American Indians, -beg leave to report as follows: - -Another event has occurred, in what may surely be termed the -providence of God, to compel the attention of Christians to the -condition of the Indians, and to our methods of dealing with them. - -Whatever may be said of the policy of the Government, the fact -is that the paroxysm into which the country is thrown at each -new Indian outbreak, the perplexed uncertainty which is then -manifested by our chief public officers, the conflict of orders -which issue from the different departments of the Government, the -passionate demands which are then made for radical changes in our -policy, and the general hopelessness of permanent improvement -in the condition of the Indian which that wide-spread demand -indicates—these conspire to prove that, if not a fundamental -change, at least a more intelligent aim is necessary in our -method of dealing with these, the most perplexing of our national -wards. - -In the hope of furnishing a basis of discussion, and of guiding -the efforts of the Association in the new problems which are -arising, your committee venture to embody their suggestions -in the form of a series of resolutions, which we present for -adoption, if your wisdom approves them. - -_Resolved_, That the aim of this Association shall be, as far as -possible and as rapidly as possible, to secure for the Indians— - -1. A legalized standing in the Courts of the United States. - -2. Ownership of land in severalty. - -3. The full rights of American citizenship. - -These three things, we believe, are essential if the Indian is to -be, not Christianized or civilized, but saved from extermination. - -_Resolved_, That this Association most heartily indorses the plan -of the Indian Bureau to secure to as many Indians as possible -the advantages of education offered at such distant schools -as those at Hampton and Carlisle; at the same time we believe -that the system of boarding schools on the reservations, which -for many years have been maintained by the Government and the -missionaries, is the chief educational agency that must be relied -upon for bettering the condition of the Indian. - -_Resolved_, That to this end the members of this Association will -do all in their power to make the Indian question a pressing -question until the attention of Congress is so secured and held -to it that the legislative enactment necessary to bring about -these changes be completely accomplished. - - H. A. STIMSON, - A. F. SHERRILL, - S. R. RIGGS - WM. CRAWFORD, - M. B. WILDER, - JOSEPH HART, - E. P. SMITH. - - * * * * * - -THE INDIAN QUESTION. - -REV. H. A. STIMSON, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. - -I stand before you to speak upon the Indian question with an -inexpressible sadness. The hopelessness of securing justice or -mercy for the Indian oppresses me. I seem to hear the cry of the -Pilgrim’s saintly pastor, when the news came to him across the -ocean of their first fight with the natives of New England, “I -would that you had converted some before you killed any.” Our -injustice and oppression of the Indian are not the slow growth of -years, as they have been to-day shown to be in the case of the -negro; they sprang into being full armed, bitter and destructive, -like the spirits from Pandora’s box. As early as 1675 the devoted -John Eliot wrote to Gov. Winthrop from the wigwams in which he -was consecrating his culture and his life to their conversion: -“I humbly request that one effect of this trouble may be to -humble the English to do the Indians justice.” (Letter to Hon. -Mr. Winthrop, Governor of Connecticut. Roxbury, this 24th of the -fifth month, 1675.) The prayer has remained unanswered through -the centuries. - -I am oppressed with the necessity of arraigning my Government and -my country of crime. It is but a short time since England was -horrified with the account of the barbarous atrocities committed -by an English governor upon the blacks of Jamaica. A committee -was at once formed, as an expression of the best sentiment of -England, for the purpose of bringing the perpetrators of the -crime to justice. Reviewing the work of the Jamaica committee, of -which he had been chairman, John Stuart Mill records its failure. -It was defeated not by the law, but by the grand jury, the -representatives of the people. “It was not a popular proceeding,” -he writes, “in the eyes of the great middle classes of England to -bring English functionaries to the bar of a criminal court for -abuses of power committed against negroes.” (Autobiography, pp. -296-9.) It is as unpopular to arraign our Government for abuse -of the Indian to-day. A single sentence, however, of Mr. Mill’s -gives me courage to proceed. He says: “The Lord Chief Justice -Cockburn’s charge settled the law for the future.” It may be that -some simple statements of fact may open the eyes of our people -and prepare the way for redress. - -Early in the century Sidney Smith said of the English nation, in -reference to the possibility of converting the Hindoos to Christ: -“We have exemplified in our public conduct every crime of which -human nature is capable.” Those words stand to-day the terms of -the indictment of the United States in her dealings with the -Indians. - -We have persistently _broken faith with them_. A volume of -testimony might readily be produced; but Gen. Leake’s able -setting forth of the history of our Indian treaties furnishes -all the proof necessary. But as a single illustration, take -this statement from a Government official. In seven of our most -important treaties with as many different tribes we have bound -ourselves to provide education for the children of those tribes. -At a low estimate there are 33,000 children of schoolable age. -The Government has provided accommodations for but 2,589. Add -5,082 as the number who may possibly be further accommodated -in the miserable makeshifts of transient day schools, and you -have but 7,671 as the total provision. (Letter of Acting Indian -Commissioner Brooks, April 28, 1879.) - -But why begin this story? We have made the name Modoc one to -frighten children with for a generation; but the Modoc chief who -killed the brave Gen. Canby had first been himself betrayed, and -had his kindred killed under a U.S. flag of truce; and his women -had been violated and burned to death. (Bishop Whipple’s letter -to _N. Y. Evening Post_, Jan., 1879.) We fought the Nez Perces; -and when that able and manly chief Joseph surrendered, he did it -on conditions the flagrant violation of which on the part of our -Government is known to every Indian on the plains. (Mr. Tibball’s -letter of October 9, 1879, in _N. Y. Tribune_.) We have justified -the sneers with which Sitting Bull dismissed Assistant Secretary -Cowan in a council held before the outbreak of the last Sioux -war: “Return to your own land, and when you have found a white -man who does not lie, come back.” We furnished occasion for the -sorrowful words of the old chief who, after the Custer massacre, -came to the Whipple Commission on the Missouri and said: “Look -out there. The prairie is wet with the blood of the white man. I -hear the voices of beautiful women crying for their husbands, who -will never return. It is not an Indian war. It is a white man’s -war, for the white man has lied. Take this pipe to the great -Father and tell him to smoke it, for it is the pipe of truth.” - -What a parody is this on our national history! We boast of a -father of his country who always told the truth. The Indian -knows our Government by the name of “Washington,” and the Indian -says “Washington always lies.” Gen. Stanley has said: “When I -think of the way we have broken faith, I am ashamed to look an -Indian in the face.” Gen. Harney said to the Sioux in 1868: “If -my Government does not keep this agreement, I will come back and -ask the first Indian I meet to shoot me.” (Bishop Whipple in -_Faribault Democrat_, Jan. 5, 1877.) Gen. Harney does not revisit -the Sioux. - -We have _stolen_ from the Indians; we are stealing from them all -the time. I do not speak of the lordly robbery, in which the -strong possesses himself of the lands, and if occasion serve, -of the home of the weak, and justifies it by the right of the -stronger. I speak of the petty stealing of the thief. Three years -ago there came past my home a long procession of Indian ponies. -Where did they come from? They were the property of the Sioux -on the reservations west of us. In the face of the ordinance of -1789, which expressly declares that their lands and property -shall never be taken, nor their liberties invaded, except in -lawful wars authorized by Congress, in violation of the terms of -their treaties, and in disregard of the express declaration of -the President in response to the telegram of the agent, “Tell the -friendly Indians that they shall be protected in their persons -and property,” their ponies were gathered and driven off by -officers of the army acting under orders. The Indians were left -without their only means of transportation for fuel or food, and -no redress has ever been secured. No inventory of individual -personal property was kept, and the stolen ponies were scattered -through Minnesota, and what were left sold for a song in St. Paul. - -Gen. Crook has recently said that the Sioux of the Red Cloud and -Spotted Tail bands have been robbed during the past winter and -spring of over a thousand ponies, which robbery the army, under -the new _posse comitatus_ act, is powerless to prevent. (Letter -of June 19, 1879, in _New York Tribune_.) - -What I am saying must not be understood as an arraignment of -the officers of the army, or indeed of the chief officials of -the Government. The army officers have been almost without an -exception the firm friends of the Indian, and none have borne -more emphatic testimony to their bad treatment than such generals -as Sherman, Harney, Stanley, Augur, Howard, Pope and Crook. The -latter said the other day, in response to the remark that it -was hard to be called to sacrifice life in settling quarrels -brought about by thieving contractors, “I will tell you a harder -thing. It is to be forced to fight and kill Indians when I know -they are clearly in the right.” The responsibility is with the -representatives of the people, with Congress. - -But to return to the indictment. We have _forced the Indians -to break the law_ by placing them under conditions in which it -was not possible for them to obey the law and live. This can be -proven by the records of many of the Indian reservations when -we have attempted to shut them in on lands where starvation was -inevitable. Of my own knowledge I can speak of a reservation on -which some 1,700 Indians were commanded to remain where there -was barely food for a grasshopper, and where in the month of -September the little children begged the passer for food, and -the dogs were the picture of famine. We have debauched their -women. Remember that an Indian has no standing in our courts, -and it is easy to see what contact with the whites means to him -and his family. He has no redress when his home is violated; -and the knowledge of his helplessness makes him the prey of -every libertine, until on the distant plains the proximity of -a Government post is a sign of his misery. (General Carrington -construed this remark to apply to army officers, and corrected -it publicly. That was not its intent. The officers of the army -are gentlemen. The fort brings into the neighborhood of the -Indians and offers more or less of shelter to many men of a very -different stamp.) - -We have not stopped short of _murder_. The record is a long and -bloody one. The details of the Custer massacre are still fresh -in your minds. The nation stood still and lifted up its hands in -horror at the disaster which in a moment had annihilated every -man of a large detachment of U.S. troops, not sparing their noble -and brilliant leader. But where was the real “Custer massacre”? -Go back to 1868, to where, under the shadow of Fort Cobb, on -land assigned to them by the United States, stood a small Indian -village. Its chief was Black Kettle, a man whose name was a -by-word among his fellows for cowardice, because he could not be -induced to fight the whites—a man of whom Gen. Harney said, “I -have worn the uniform of the United States for fifty-five years; -I knew Black Kettle well; he was as good a friend of the white -man as I am.” - -He had been to the commandant of the post seeking protection for -himself and his people, because troops were in the neighborhood. -Four days afterwards Gen. Custer surrounded that village, and -although the Indians fought with desperation, not a man, woman or -child escaped alive. Gen. Custer doubtless believed he had fallen -upon a hostile camp. Was the mistake any the less terrible? Was -the butchery any the less shocking? The blood of innocent Indians -on the Wischita cried unto God, and the answer came in the deluge -of blood on the Rosebud. * * * * - -But you ask, has this been the history of our other Indian wars? - -Our first war with the Sioux was in 1852 to 1854. For thirty -years it had been the boast of the Sioux that they had never -killed a white man. How did the war begin? A Mormon emigrant -train crossing the plains lost a cow, which a band of Sioux, who -were living in the neighborhood in perfect peace, found and took. -The Mormons discovering this, made complaint at Fort Laramie, and -a lieutenant with a squad of soldiers was sent to recover the -lost property. It could not be found. It was already assimilated -into Indian. But the Indians offered to pay for it. This the -lieutenant refused to accept, demanding the surrender of the man -who had taken the cow for punishment. The Indians said he could -not be found; whereupon—will it be believed?—the lieutenant -ordered his troops to fire, and the Indian chief fell dead. Those -troops never fired again; they were killed in their tracks; and -this was the beginning of the great Sioux war which cost the -Government forty millions of dollars and many lives. (Speech of -President Seeley, of Massachusetts, in Congress, April 13, 1875.) - -You know the story of the Sioux war in Minnesota—the withheld -appropriations, the taunts and the starvation. We need not open -that terrible chapter again. - -We were at it again in 1866. In violation of the most explicit -agreements we built Forts Phil Kearney, Reno and Smith, in their -country; they flew to arms; the cost to the Government was a -million dollars a month; and finally the forts were vacated. - -We had a great war with the Cheyennes in 1864-5. It began in the -most atrocious massacre that disgraces the annals of our country. -It was at a time when settlers were pouring into Colorado. The -buffalo had become scarce; the annuities for some reason had -ceased; the Indians were sad and depressed. But they kept the -peace. Black Kettle, of whom I have already spoken, was their -chief. A white man made complaint to a United States officer that -an Indian had stolen some of his horses. The officer did not -know the man, nor whether or not he had owned any horses; but he -fitted out an expedition to seize horses. Soon they ran across -Indians and claimed their stock, though the Indians protested -that they had only ponies and no American horses. A fight ensued -and some Indians were killed. Black Kettle knew his danger. He -rushed at once to the Governor of Colorado, seeking protection. -It was refused. Col. Boone, an old resident of the Territory, -told Bishop Whipple that it was the saddest company he had even -seen when they stopped at his house on their way back. He offered -them food, but they said: “Our hearts are sick; we cannot eat.” - -Soon after troops appeared upon the horizon. Black Kettle and his -two brothers went out with a white flag to meet them. They fired -on the flag and the two brothers fell dead. Black Kettle returned -to his camp. Three men in the United States uniform were in his -tepee. He said; “I believe you are spies; it shall never be said -that a man ate Black Kettle’s bread and came to harm in his tent. -Go to your people before the fight begins.” He gathered his men -and they fought for their lives. A few escaped; but men, women -and children were massacred in a butchery too horrible to relate, -Women were ripped open and babes were scalped; and the Sand -Creek massacre has gone upon record, by testimony that cannot be -impeached, as a “butchery that would have disgraced the tribes -of Central Africa.” (Bishop Whipple’s letter to _Evening Post_, -January, 1879; and the report of the Doolittle Commission.) - -But we fought the Cheyennes again in 1867. What occasioned that -war? Gen. Hancock, “without any known provocation,” as says -the report to Congress of the Indian Bureau, in July, 1867, -surrounded a village of Cheyennes who had been at peace since the -signing of the treaty of 1865, and were quietly occupying the -grounds assigned to them by the treaty, burned down the homes of -three hundred lodges, destroyed all their provisions, clothing, -utensils and property of every description, to the value of -$100,000. This led to a war that extended over three years, and -cost us $40,000,000 and three hundred men. (President Seeley’s -speech.) - -We have just fought the Bannocks and Shoshones. In November, -1878, Gen. Crook wrote to the Government: “With the Bannocks and -Shoshones our Indian policy has resolved itself into a question -of war-path or starvation; and being human, many of them will -choose the former, in which death shall at least be glorious.” -Is it necessary to say anything more of that war? Why pursue the -story? The late Congressman (now President) Seeley, of Amherst -College, says: “There has not been an Indian war for the past -fifty years in which the whites have not been the aggressors.” - -What, then, is to be done? I press upon you the importance of -these resolutions. Standing in the courts, the recognition of the -Indian as a person with rights, inalienable as yours and mine, to -life, to justice, to property, this is the first, the absolute -essential. As long ago as 1807, Governor (afterwards President) -Harrison said: “The utmost efforts to induce the Indians to take -up arms would be unavailing if _one only of the many persons -who have committed murder upon their people could be brought to -punishment_.” Generals Harney and Pope have testified of late -that this is as true now as then. - -In 1802 President Jefferson wrote to a friend that he had heard -that there was one man left of the Peorias, and said “If there -is only one, justice demands that his rights shall be respected.” -Reviewing subsequent history we may well repeat Jefferson’s -solemn words, “I tremble for my country when I know that God is -just!” - -We can make no more treaties with the Indians. The act of 1871 -put an end to that dreadful farce. There have been nearly 900 -treaties since 1785. They have been the loaded dice with which we -have always won and the Indian always lost. We have hoodwinked -ourselves by them to a perpetual fraud and deception. They have -been to the Indian a veritable compact of death. Relying on -them he has sooner or later found himself held by the throat by -the wolf starvation, or impaled on the bayonet of the soldier; -crowded to the wall by the encroaching settler, or removed to -the wilderness by the Government as soon as he had begun to make -for himself a home. The Stockbridges have been thus removed four -times in a hundred years, and are now on a reservation where it -is impossible to get a living. The Poncas are the latest instance. - -Treaties must give place to personal rights. We must provide -something better for him than a reservation; that is, life in -a community for which we have provided no law, no courts, no -police, no officer other than an anomalous “agent,” no ownership -of land—nothing, in short, that all civilized people regard -as the first element of civilized life, and without which the -congregate life of bodies of men is impossible. We say to him, -Cease to be a savage, hungry but free, and come and be a pauper, -dependent on the will of others, without law, and still hungry. -As one of the agents wrote in 1875: “It is a condition of things -that would turn a white community into chaos in twelve months.” -It behooves every honest man, every man who loves his country, -to see that the day of equal personal rights for the Indian, the -only man on the broad earth who has none, shall at once dawn. - -But I remember that I am speaking to a company of Christians. -Religion before all else can prepare the Indian to make the -most of his citizenship. Look at this picture. Here is a wigwam -in the pine forest. Before it is a tall pole, from the top of -which hangs a dried bladder containing a few rattling shells -and stones. It is the wigwam of Shaydayence, or Little Pelican, -chief medicine man of the Gull Lakers. He is the incarnation of -the devil in that tribe. He holds the tribe in his hand, and -represents their idolatry and their bloodthirstiness. It is due -to him that the missionary has been driven away. More than that, -he is an inveterate drunkard. He has been rescued from freezing -to death, drunk in the woods, by a chance lumberman finding him -and thawing him out before an extemporized fire. - -The scene changes. There is again a wigwam. Lift the blanket door -and enter. Three old women are warming themselves by the fire -in the centre. A young man lies upon the ground singing aloud -from an Ojibway hymn-book, which he reads by the fire-light. An -old man rises to greet you, asks you to sit down, and proceeds -to talk about Jesus Christ. It is the same Shaydayence. He is -known now as the leader of the singing band of the Chippewas, who -goes from house to house with a few young men to plead with his -countrymen to love Christ. A little later you find him living -in a log house with table and chairs and stove, a white man’s -home, cultivating also his garden. What wrought the change? He -had a friend, Nayboneshkong, who was sick and dying. He went -to see him. The sick man had long been a Christian, and now -rallied himself to speak for the last time. Hour after hour he -expostulated and pleaded. He rose from his bed with preternatural -strength. He walked the floor, still talking and praying. Morning -came, Nayboneshkong was dead, and Shaydayence went to his wigwam -to begin the new life of a Christian man. Observe that he was a -savage, a medicine man and a drunkard. What other influence could -have saved him? Would education, or citizenship, or civilization, -or legal standing, or property rights? Nothing; nothing but the -personal power of Jesus Christ; and that did. - -The story goes that once there appeared at the cave of a hermit -a little child, naked and cold and hungry. The good man eagerly -took him in, and from his own scanty store clothed and fed and -warmed him. He set his heart upon him as upon his own son. The -next day the hermit was gone. It was Jesus who had come thus -needy to his door, and proving his love, had in return taken him -to himself, and like Enoch, the hermit was not. The child, naked -and hungry and cold at our door, is the Indian. I hear the voice -of the Lord himself saying, “Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one -of the least of these, ye have done it unto me.” - -You have pointed out the large part which in the providence of -God may yet be appointed to the negro race to play in doing God’s -work in the world. - -I know nothing of the future of the Indian in this direction. -He may have no “genius for religion,” no “peculiar talent of -faith,” no “wonderful power in song.” That he has talents which -are respectable, none who know him can doubt. But be that as it -may, before all other men he stands to-day the living witness of -the promise of the Scripture, that Christ “is able to save to the -uttermost them that come unto God by him.” He, brethren, is the -“uttermost” man—the sinner who, abused, outcast and despised, -is, at least in your eyes, the furthest of all men from hope and -from Christ. Have you religion enough to try to save him? If so, -begin by showing him justice. - - * * * * * - -THE CHINESE. - - * * * * * - -“CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION.” - -Auxiliary to the American Missionary Association. - - PRESIDENT: Rev. J. K. McLean, D. D. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Rev. A. L. - Stone, D. D., Thomas O. Wedderspoon, Esq., Rev. T. E. Noble, Hon. - F. F. Low, Rev. I. E. Dwinell, D. D., Hon. Samuel Cross, Rev. S. - H. Willey, D. D., Edward P. Flint, Esq., Rev. J. W. Hough, D. D., - Jacob S. Taber, Esq. - - DIRECTORS: Rev. George Mooar, D. D., Hon. E. D. Sawyer, Rev. E. - P. Baker, James M. Haven, Esq., Rev. Joseph Rowell, Rev. John - Kimball, E. P. Sanford, Esq. - - SECRETARY: Rev. W. C. Pond. TREASURER: E. Palache, Esq. - - * * * * * - -REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. - -The report opens with stating the greatness of the problems -with which the Association has to grapple, protests against the -discriminating legislation of State and nation, and concludes as -follows: - -We regard the work of this Association among the Chinamen in -America as fruitful in good results. Its Superintendent on -the field has said: “I doubt whether any evangelistic labor -in connection with our churches has yielded larger results, -in proportion to the funds employed and the breadth which we -have been permitted to give to the work.” That work has been -limited. Out of $179,000 expended by this Association last year, -only $6,596 was given to this work. This was increased a little -by other funds in California. But this sum, applied to twelve -schools, with twenty-one teachers and 1,489 pupils, is too small -for the greatness of the work, for the 100,000 Chinamen in this -country have the closest relations with the millions left at -home. They are constantly coming and going. The Rev. W. C. Pond -said in 1876 that during the fourteen preceding years nearly -130,000 had landed in San Francisco, or about 9,000 annually; but -they are returning nearly or quite as fast as they come. They -are “picked young men, industrious, enterprising, persistent.” -As they come to us, feel our molding touch to harden or to -soften, and then return home, we owe it to them, to ourselves, -and to Christ, to pass as much as possible of this moving stream -of immortal souls through our schools and under the influence -of One greater than Confucius. We want the returning stream to -bear on its bosom the glad tidings of the Lord Jesus Christ. We, -therefore, recommend the enlargement of this work to its utmost -demand. It touches vitally the evangelization of 400,000,000 -of brothers and sisters. This work is broader than that among -the Indian and the Negro; it is broader than the evangelization -of Africa. We press its importance, therefore, both upon the -officers and the constituent members of this Association, for by -and by we may see in it the Divine purpose to redeem China by -means of the Chinamen returning home laden with the riches of -grace, more precious than gold. - -Your committee desire to express their high appreciation of the -able and exhaustive paper on the Chinese question read before the -Association by the Rev. J. H. Twichell, and submitted to this -committee, and recommend its publication. - -Your committee deem it of great importance suitably to recognize -the action of President Hayes in saving us by a veto from -national disgrace. When Congress had so far forgotten the whole -past policy of our Government, and the principles of Christianity -imbedded in the foundations of the Republic, as to pass a bill -indirectly abrogating a treaty unmentioned in the bill, the -Executive interposed and saved both our treaty and our honor. - -We would suggest, therefore, the expression of our appreciation -of his action in the adoption of the following resolution, viz.: - -_Resolved_, That the American Missionary Association, assembled -in its thirty-third anniversary, believing that the treaties -existing between the United States and China, so far as they -relate to the rights of emigration from one country to the other, -and the treatment such emigrants should receive from the people -and nation among whom and in which they live, are right, just, -wise and Christian, does heartily record its appreciation of -the high services which President Hayes, under God, has, by his -timely veto of the anti-Chinese bill, been enabled to render -the Republic, in preserving inviolate its treaty obligations -and also the cause of Christianity, in removing a threatened -formidable barrier to the evangelization of the Chinese, not only -in America, but also in their native land, and the Association -hereby tenders him its profound thanks for the same. - -_Resolved_, That the secretaries of this Association be -authorized to convey to President Hayes this our action. - - A. HASTINGS ROSS, - W. A. NICHOLS, - CHARLES C. CRAGIN, - MARK WILLIAMS, - C. CAVERNO, - E. M. WILLIAMS, - JEE GAM. - - * * * * * - -UNITED STATES AND CHINA—THE SITUATION. - -REV. J. H. TWICHELL, HARTFORD, CONN. - -OUR OPPORTUNITY. - -* * * * Much as anterior conditions and causes have to do with -it, the great opportunity now maturing in China for the ingress -of revolutionary influences from without, has been pre-eminently -shaped by Protestant missions; and in the nature of the case, -it devolves on Protestant Christendom the highest obligations -to meet it that circumstances can create. To no other nation, -however, does such a share of this opportunity and corresponding -obligation fall as to the United States; for we sustain relations -to the Chinese Government and to the Chinese people that are, in -important respects, singular. - -(1.) To begin with, there is the relation of _neighborhood_. -Sailing up the Pacific, near our coast, one summer evening, Yung -Wing, leaning against the steamer guards, and looking across the -level waters to the westward, said, “Yonder lies my country, next -land to this.” Between us and China, between our two realms, -the one so old, the other so young, for a thousand miles of -coast on either side, nothing intervenes but the sea, which no -state owns, and that is contiguity. Along so great a boundary -America and China may be said to touch, yet without possibility -of territorial dispute. And this nearness is one feature of our -special opportunity. - -(2.) A second and more pregnant feature of it is to be noted -in the _good-will_ that in a peculiar degree characterizes the -relations of our two countries in the past and in the present. -This may seem a strange thing to say just now, but the truth of -it will appear on a brief survey of facts. Probably it is less -our merit than our fortune, but it is certainly the latter, -that through the whole stage of that unhappy, though largely -unavoidable collision of China with the foreign powers, by which -she was forced off from her intolerable policy of exclusion, -our Government was the least conspicuous of the principal -aggressors,—less so than France, less so than England, less -so than Russia. To the several treaties in which the collision -issued, that with the United States, and that alone, contained -the express provision that the parties to it, and their peoples -respectively, should “not insult or oppress each other for any -trifling cause, so as to produce an estrangement between them.” -There has been, and is, less bitter remembrance of us on the -score of that conflict than of the other belligerents engaged -in it. Again, while we have subsequently had men in the various -ranks of our diplomatic service in China who have hurt us there, -and have them still, we have probably given least offence on -_that_ score. No thanks to our civil service want of system; but -in the providence of God, we have had more than our proportion -there of men who have helped our good fame. Eighteen years ago -we sent thither an ambassador, one result of whose six years of -official life there was, that at the end of that time jealous -Pekin had come to recognize in him, what he truly was, a friend -to China. I mean, of course, Anson Burlingame, of Massachusetts. -For his friendship, China offered to his acceptance honors never -before or since conferred on a foreigner. She freely committed -to his hands a trust of supreme magnitude. She made him her -ambassador to all the western people. In that capacity he came -home to his own country, and framed with us the first of that new -series of treaties in which China gave and received the pledge -that made her a member on equal footing of the family of nations. -And that treaty, the work of our own citizen, large minded -enough to value the capabilities of that great people, large -hearted enough also to make his sympathy felt by its rulers, -still stands, and is _going_ to stand. But this most remarkable -and luminous paragraph of history—is there another such between -China and any other nation but ours? - -(3.) Finally, as if to supply the last term required to complete -our relationship for all possible service to the Chinese race, as -if to openly designate and summon us to the office of aiding its -emergence into a new life, especially of ministering to it the -holy faith, (which is the best gift we have to impart, the one -secret and source of our happier lot,) for us and for us alone, -of all Protestant Christendom, by bringing to our soil, to the -presence of our institutions, to our church doors, a multitude -of Chinese people themselves, God provided the condition of -_personal contact_. That was the rounding and perfection of our -opportunity. - -But, it will naturally be inquired, is not whatsoever exceptional -advantage gained for us in the past mostly annulled by the later -and recent record of social and political hostility here at home, -which stands against us in our account with China? I think not. - -The shameful truth is, China is wonted to the ill-treatment of -her subjects on foreign Christian soil, and if we have furnished -no exception to the rule, our outrage has been milder than she is -accustomed to; so that, after all that has happened to wound her -feelings here, there still remains to us the benefit, though it -is nothing, I repeat, to be proud of, of comparison with worse -doers. - - -ADVANTAGES OF THE ANTI-CHINESE AGITATION. - -I am glad to pass to a pleasanter topic, and to remark next, that -there are certain incidental consequences of the anti-Chinese -agitation, and, as well, certain circumstances felicitously -contemporaneous with it, that have operated to offset and -countervail the injury which that agitation may be supposed to -have inflicted on our relation with China—that have done more -than that. - -First, it has developed and brought out into expression a _vastly -preponderant public opinion adverse to the whole movement_. The -argument for it has been heard and canvassed, and not without -sympathy; for it was presented by our own countrymen, and it -was not to be questioned that they were in a measure of honest -difficulty of some sort with the matter they brought to trial. -But I think it is entirely true to say that the event of the -discussion has been that the argument is answered. It did not -stand as to its facts. I believe that all the main counts of the -indictment against Chinese emigration and Chinese emigrants we -severally disproved to the public satisfaction. - -But beside this aspect of the case, and to a great extent -independently of it, the judgment asked for, _viz., the adoption -of the policy of exclusion, was considered_. Whereupon it -appeared that it was the proposal of an act no less serious, no -less forbidden, than to disown and repudiate a principle, the -maintenance of which more than any other thing distinguishes -us as a nation, which our fathers built into the foundation of -our government, which we have always advocated to the world in -every publishment of our political creed—a principle which -we have ever claimed to be one of natural right, which we -have persistently endeavored, from the outset of our national -existence, to persuade other governments to recognize as such, -and which we had particularly emphasized in the very treaty of -which this act, if consented to, would be the violation. It -appeared, furthermore, that it was a proposal that we take toward -China the very attitude which we had helped force China out of, -as towards ourselves and other nations, _i. e._, that we borrow a -page of cast-off Chinese politics and insert it in our law—that -it was a proposal to return from the nineteenth to the eleventh -century, and convert to the use of a modern free republic -something in the likeness of a medieval edict against the Jews; -that, finally, it was a proposal to go back upon ourselves, to -revoke our own most recent step of advance in civilization, and -restore that doctrine of race discrimination, which we had lately -put away. - -And when this was seen, the country said, No! Legislature, -chamber of commerce, institutions of learning, benevolent -organizations, united in the protest. The general voice was, that -whatever evil there was to be remedied must be dealt with in some -other way. A Congressional committee, indeed, brought in a report -not warranted by the evidence it had heard, favorable to the -policy of exclusion—the lamented Morton dissenting—and Congress -itself passed the anti-Chinese bill. But that was Congress, -which has reasons of its own for what it does sometimes, not -very mysterious in this instance. But the report for the people, -which the people with little distinction of party gratefully and -audibly accepted, was made by President Hayes in his strong veto. - -Of course the Chinese Government, through its representatives at -Washington, is accurately informed of all this; and besides, the -Chinese Government reads the papers. Thus an attempt which, had -it succeeded, would have destroyed our friendship with China, has -not only failed, but has been the occasion of such an expression -of the national sentiment of good-will toward her as never had -been made before, and as could not have been made otherwise. - -A minor but very much to be noted result of the affair has been -_the disclosure of the actual state of things in California_. -It has shown how and where the anti-Chinese movement started, -how low its origin was and how it grew, by what means, by what -management it drew into it such respectable elements as it did; -that it was fomented by the press operating in the field of -State politics—that it was mainly a worked-up irrational furor -kindling by contagion, and did not really signify what it seemed -to. It was shown that much of the best part of California was not -in it. Why, the evidence for the defence on which the country, -balancing it with the other evidence heard, found its verdict -aforesaid, was, all of it, the evidence of California men—men -from the first rank of citizenship. It transpired that there was -in California a not inconsiderable party on the poor Chinaman’s -side, not forbearing to denounce and oppose the violation of his -rights, and to testify in his favor, that much as had been said -and done there against him, a good deal in the name of Christian -benevolence and humanity and justice had been said and done for -him. And so in the upshot of the public trial of the case it has -come about that the offence of California is mitigated by it. - -And to the affront perpetrated in the halls of Congress in -addition to the offset furnished by the public attitude, there -has been a special one, too remarkable not to be mentioned. -It was a most lamentable spectacle to see a man like James G. -Blaine, of New England, in the eminence of his position, his -great gifts and his reputation, stand up in the United States -Senate, and before the world turn the power of his rare eloquence -against the cause of the weak. It was too bad. It cannot be -excused. But not only did his utterances call out replies from -the most capable and influential sources, notably from Dr. -S. Wells Williams, long resident in China, but now of Yale -College, than whom there is no higher authority on China and -Chinese affairs living; from Henry Ward Beecher, in a splendid -address given in Philadelphia on the 3d of last March; and -from William Lloyd Garrison, in a noble letter of protest, his -dying deliverance, the last shot the old warrior for humanity -fired;—not only, I say, did Mr. Blaine provoke these replies by -which he was convicted of ignorance and fallacy and his argument -throughout annihilated; but it happened that almost at the same -time he was misrepresenting both China and us at the Capitol, -another citizen of this country, in the eminence of a still -more illustrious fame, was in the far East, in the audience of -China herself, speaking our true mind for us; for it was to -a delegation of the Chinese merchants of Penang that, in the -month of April of the present year, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, in -that felicity of well-chosen and straightforward simple speech -that is characteristic of him, said, “The hostility of which -you complain does not represent the real sentiment of America, -but is the work of demagogues. * * * I do not doubt, and no one -can doubt, that in the end, no matter what effect the agitation -for the time being may have, the American people will treat the -Chinese with kindness and justice, and not deny to the true and -deserving people of your country the asylum they offer to the -rest of the world.” And may God bless him for saying it. - -Moreover, in the month of June following, this same man of great -deeds and weighty speech, in an interview with certain of the -highest officials of the empire at Peking, and at their request, -offered counsel, which a few weeks later, on a like request, he -repeated in an interview with the Emperor of Japan, to the effect -that the time had now arrived when the two nations of China and -Japan, in peace and close alliance with one another, should no -longer submit as they had done to the interference and dictation -of foreign powers in their affairs; should assume control of -their own commerce, and together stand for their independence and -their proper rights, as it became so great nations to do, and as -they were able to do against the world. God bless him for saying -that, too! It was the most seasonable word, next to the Gospel, -that has been spoken on that side of the world in this age. And -I, for one, am thankful and proud that it was an American who had -the breadth of vision and the magnanimity to speak it. - -And now there remains to be spoken of an outcome of good from -the anti-Chinese agitation that is of more immediately practical -consequence than any other. It has been the occasion of calling -universal and earnest _attention_, such as had not been drawn to -it before, and such as it is scarcely conceivable could have been -drawn to it otherwise, _to the fact of the presence within our -borders of so many of the Chinese people_. The nation at large -is now aware of them and informed with respect to them. While -it is not yet settled what is to be done with them politically, -and while no doubt there will be further contention over them, -it does seem to be settled that they are not to go by a violent -dismissal. Here they are, then, more than a hundred thousand -souls of them, and here they are to stay. They are an object of -the very highest interest, and that for more reasons than one. -Not only are they such in themselves, but they constitute by -far the most vital point of our contact with that great nation -beyond the sea, and afford the most available means and medium -of reaching it that we possess. And we are interested in them on -our own account. By their presence we have already been put to -the test in one way, and we are still to be tested by them in -other ways. We are to be tested as to the capacity of our civil -institutions, and as to the power of our religion—no, not as to -the power of our religion, but as to our power in it. - -It is one of the most humiliating confessions that can be made, -to say that these people cannot be granted room on our soil, with -liberty and justice under our laws, with safety to ourselves. It -is a still more humiliating confession to say that the attempt to -Christianize them is a hopeless one. - -Is it so that in their case we have come to the end of our -resources for securing men the exercise and enjoyment of their -few inalienable rights under our Government? Then they are -vastly less than we had thought. Is it so that the encounter of -our Christianity with heathenism in the persons of a few score -thousand pagans, here on our ground, within hearing of our -Sabbath bells, is too much to be ventured, lest heathenism win -the day? Then there is not enough to our Christianity to make it -much matter. - -It is all absurd to say such things. It is not indeed to be -questioned that the problem of dealing with this strange element -thrown in upon us is a perplexed and difficult one; but it is -not the first perplexed and difficult matter we have had to -accommodate, nor is it the last. Our labors as a nation are not -over. The time when there will be no perilous or incommoding -exigencies arising to disturb our ease as citizens is far -distant. Who thinks it not so is greatly mistaken. As other -vexing problems in the past have been solved, so with patience -this Chinese problem can be without sacrifice of principle. - - -OUR CHRISTIAN DUTY. - -It is a work in which the state and the church must co-operate. -But we are here to-day to look especially to the part which the -latter has in it—as servants of Christ and as representatives -of the Christian community to attend to the cry of the poor that -comes to us from the Pacific coast, and to consider how we shall -respond to it. - -The one thing which we are disallowed, be it first of all -observed, is to deem that our principal duty in the premises is -discharged by giving hard words to California. We are not to sit -in judgment on California. We are not in a position to do so, and -I trust we are not disposed to do so. There are reasons which the -rest of the country does not perceive, certainly does not feel -as California does, why the presence in her population of this -unassimilated foreign mass is very undesirable and very trying. -Not a doubt of it. I have heard Yung Wing himself say it. We may -with propriety, in view of some reasons, on the other hand, that -naturally enough we see more clearly than they do in California, -plead with our fellow-citizens there to try and discern the -larger aspects of the situation, and to bear whatsoever ills -it entails upon them till they can be remedied in the way that -is best for all of us and for all men. If I had the ear of the -Irish citizens of California I would plead with them, as lately -foreigners themselves, and as sons of a church that for more than -five hundred years has befriended China through her missions, -and is still doing it, to regard these new foreigners with more -kindness. - -California is a grand State—splendid in her youthful prime—a -queenly figure sitting there on her golden shore—our own flesh -and blood. Our warmest sympathies, our best hopes are with her. -To look upon any fault of hers with less than a generous charity -is out of character, and besides, in the present instance, it is -nothing to the purpose. The only course for Christian America -to take at this juncture is to offer California our Christian -service. That we can do, and the way of it is plain. There are -faithful brethren and faithful churches in California ready -and waiting for help in the work already by them inaugurated, -and carried on sufficiently far to prove beyond cavil the -practicability of its success, bringing these Chinese thousands -under the sway of the gospel of Christ. Some help we have sent -them, but not enough. There ought to be abundance of it; not -only abundance, but a sufficiency—all that can be used to -advantage. This is a mission that ought to be lavishly supported, -that ought not to be stinted as respects either money or men. -And the time to push it is now. If the churches of the country -will encourage and assist the enterprise in a free-handed, -free-hearted, neighborly way—the churches of our order, through -the agency of this vigorous and patriotic Association—the -Chinese question would ere long be satisfactorily and permanently -disposed of. Nothing would be so effectual to modify and reshape -the public sentiment of California upon it as such a Christian -demonstration. Nothing would more effectually contribute to the -evangelization of China. Nor is there anything at present within -our power that would apparently do more to hasten the conversion -of the world. - - - - -RECEIPTS - -FOR OCTOBER, 1879. - - - * * * * * - - MAINE, $94.74. - - Bangor. First Parish Ch. $28.00 - Bethel. Second Cong. Ch. 10.00 - Brownville. C. L. Nichols, 2 bbls. of C. - East Madison. Eliza Bicknell 5.00 - Gardiner. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 16.84 - North Yarmouth. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00 - Orland. M. C. Trott 5.00 - Thomaston. Ladies of Cong. Ch., bbl. of C. - Wells. First Cong. Ch. 15.00 - Winterport. W. R. M. 2.00 - Winthrop. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.40 - Woolwich. John Percy, $2; E. H. T., 50c 2.50 - Yarmouth. First Cong. Ch., 3 bbls. of C., - Central Ch., bbl. of C. - - - NEW HAMPSHIRE, $121.58. - - Amherst. Women’s Memorial Union, $10; First - Cong. Ch., $7.50 17.50 - Atkinson. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00 - Colebrook. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.00 - Concord. No. Cong. Ch., bbl. of C. - Derry. Mrs. H. R. Underhill, box and bbl. of C. - Dover. Mrs. Dr. L. 1.00 - Fitzwilliam. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00 - Hillsborough Bridge. Cong. Ch. 3.50 - Lancaster. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 15.00 - Milford. First Cong. Ch. 13.58 - Nashua. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 16.50 - New Ipswich. Proceeds of Children’s Fair 16.00 - New Ipswich. Cong. Sab. Sch. ($10 of which - from Leavitt Lincoln) 13.50 - Wolfborough. Rev. S. Clark 5.00 - - - VERMONT, $303.38. - - Barnet. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $18.29; M. Larens, - $3.88 22.17 - Cambridge. Madison Safford 44.94 - Charlotte. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 41.50 - Derby. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00 - East Poultney. A. D. Wilcox 5.00 - Ferrisburg. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 2.25 - McIndoe’s Falls. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 17.00 - Montgomery Centre. “Friends” 5.00 - Newport. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00 - Saint Albans. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 17.19 - Saint Johnsbury. North Ch. Sab. Sch. 50.00 - South Ryegate. Mrs. Wm. Nelson 50.00 - West Brattleborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.66 - Weybridge. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 22.67 - - - MASSACHUSETTS, $6,208.96. - - Agawam. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.62 - Amherst. North Cong. Ch. and Soc., $60, to - const. AUSTIN D. LOOMIS and WM. D. CROCKER, - L. M.’s;—Mrs. R. A. Lester, $50.00 110.00 - Andover. Old South Cong. Ch. and Soc. 300.00 - Ashby. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.50 - Attleborough Falls. Central Cong. Ch. 6.86 - Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Ch. and Soc. 14.23 - Charlestown. Winthrop Cong. Ch. and Soc. 60.23 - Charlton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. $10.86, and Sab. - Sch. $5.24 16.10 - Chelsea. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. $45.40; - Central Cong. Ch. and Soc. $16.30 61.70 - Chicopee. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 18.35 - Bernardston. Cong. Ch. 6.00 - Boston. Mrs. Henry Mayo, $10, _for Lady - Missionary, Memphis, Tenn._;—G. E. S. K., $1 11.00 - Boxborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00 - Brookline. Harvard Cong. Ch. and Soc. 76.61 - Bridgewater. Central Sq. Trin. Ch. and Soc. 41.25 - East Hampton. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 75.92 - Fitchburg. Rollstone Cong. Ch. and Soc., - $154.03, to const. SAMUEL S. HOLTON, GEO. P. - CROSBY, THOMAS R. LAWRENCE, WM. A. LOOMIS - and MRS. REBECCA S. CARPENTER, L. M.’s;—E. - C. Ch. and Soc., $133.89 287.92 - Florence. A. L. Williston 500.00 - Framingham. South. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 50.00 - Gardner. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00 - Georgetown. “A Friend” 50.00 - Harvard. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 34.00 - Haverhill. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc. 46.00 - Holyoke. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 9.00 - Hubbardston. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc., - $31.25;—Cong. Sab. Sch., $22.37; Juv. Miss. - Circle, $17, _for Student Aid, Fisk U._ 70.62 - Hyde Park. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 28.00 - Ipswich. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00 - Lancaster. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (ad’l) 1.00 - Lee. Cong. Sab. Sch. 75.00 - Lowell. Elliot Cong. Ch. and Soc. 28.65 - Lowell. Pawtucket Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.50 - Lynn. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc., $16.50; H. - J. Martin, $3, and bbl. of C. 19.50 - Monson. Rev. C. B. Sumner 5.00 - Newburyport. North Cong. Ch., $100, _for a - Lady Missionary, Macon, Ga._;—Belleville - Cong. Ch. and Soc., $67 167.00 - Newton. Eliot Ch. 125.00 - Northampton. First Cong. Ch. 73.07 - North Leominster. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.00 - Norwood. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $20.60; Mrs. H. - N. F., $1 21.60 - Oxford. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 22.09 - Pittsfield. Second Cong. Sab. Sch. 5.00 - Princeton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 3.25 - Quincy. Evan. Cong. and Soc. 72.50 - Rockport. Levi Sewall 5.00 - Roxbury. Misses Soren 4.00 - Rutland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00 - Salem. M. T. Goodhue 2.00 - Sandwich. H. H. Nye 2.00 - Shirley Village. H. H. Nye 1.00 - Somerset. Rev. J. C. Halliday 10.00 - Somerville. “A Friend.” .50 - Southampton. J. E. Phelps 2.00 - South Hadley Falls. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 15.00 - Springfield. “A Friend,” _for a Teacher_ 500.00 - Springfield. Memorial Ch., $31.58; First Cong. - Ch. and Soc., $26.38; So. Cong. Ch. and - Soc., $20.78; Mrs. P. B., $1 79.74 - Stoneham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 12.34 - Townsend. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.50 - Westborough. Freedmen’s M. Ass’n, bbl. of C. - West Boylston. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.00 - Westfield. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.00 - Westhampton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.00 - Weymouth. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. $48.75; - Ladies’ Miss. Soc. of Second Ch., $13.25, to - const. MRS. LIZZIE ANN TORREY and MISS - EMELINE F. PAINE, L. M.’s 62.00 - Winchendon. First Cong. Sab. Sch., to const. - MARTHA E. SMITH, L. M. 30.00 - Worcester. Estate of Rev. M. G. Grosvenor, by - David Manning, Ex. 2,500.00 - Worcester. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc., - $159.44; Salem St. Ch. and Soc., - $68.01;—Salem St. Sab. Sch., $50, _for - Student Aid, Atlanta U._;—Old South Ch. and - Soc., $36.45; Hiram Smith and family, $30; - “E. C. C.,” $20 363.90 - - - RHODE ISLAND, $355. - - Providence. Central Cong. Ch., _for Church - building, Florence, Ala._ 100.00 - Providence. Beneficent Cong. Ch. 250.00 - Westerly. Mrs. Emeline Smith 5.00 - - - CONNECTICUT, $1,018.62. - - Ashford. L. H. Carpenter 2.00 - Avon. Cong. Ch. (of which $100 from Harry - Chidsey and $1.50 from Mrs. M. Avent) 129.00 - Cheshire. “A Friend” 15.00 - Berlin. Second Cong. Ch. 20.11 - East Woodstock. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 19.00 - Farmington. Cong. Ch., quarterly coll. 74.60 - Franklin. Cong. Ch. (ad’l) 8.00 - Georgetown. Cong. Ch. 5.00 - Guilford. First Cong. Ch. 20.00 - Hockanum. Mrs. E. M. Roberts, $5; South Cong. - Ch., $4 9.00 - Higganum. Mrs. Susan Gladwin, $2; Mrs. R. - Reed, $1.24; Mrs. G. S. G., $1 4.24 - Litchfield. “L. M.” 3.00 - Middletown. First Ch., $79.30; Rev. Geo. L. - Edwards, $2 81.30 - Mill Brook. Mrs. E. R. A 1.00 - Milford. Mrs. David Merwin 3.00 - New Haven. “A. T.” $20; E. Pendleton, $10; N. - J., 50 cts 30.50 - North Guilford. Mrs. E. F. Dudley 5.00 - Norfolk. Cong. Ch. 75.00 - Norwalk. Mrs. Dea. Chas. Lockwood 2.00 - Norwich. Mrs. Dr. Chas. Lee 25.00 - Old Saybrook. Cong. Ch. 8.30 - Plainville. “A Friend” to const. MRS. MARY - WRIGHT and MRS. HENRIETTA BEACH, L. M’s 100.00 - Preston City. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 26.75 - Putnam. “A Friend” 5.00 - Southport. “A Friend,” _for a Student, Fisk U._ 25.00 - Thomaston. Cong. Ch. 25.11 - Warren. LEGACY of Dea. Wm. Hopkins, by Geo. C. - Hopkins, Ex. 100.00 - Watertown. John De Forest, $75, _for Student - Aid, Fisk U._;—Truman Percy, $30, to const. - MARY E. SHORT, L.M 105.00 - West Winsted. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 16.71 - Windsor. J. W. Baker 25.00 - Windsor Locks. Young Ladies’ Social Soc., _for - a Lady Missionary_ 50.00 - - - NEW YORK, $444.99. - - Amsterdam. S. Louise Bell 5.00 - Brooklyn. Central Cong. Sab. Sch., $30, _for a - Lady Missionary_ and to const. E. R. - KENNEDY, L. M., and $25 _for Rev. Geo. Henry_ 55.00 - Brooklyn. Rev. A. Merwin, $10; Puritan Ch. $8; - Mrs. J. V. Houten, $2 20.00 - Camillus. Isaiah Wilcox, to const. MISS FLORA - BUTTERFIELD, L. M. 30.00 - Cortland. C. E. Booth, 25c. and pkg. of - newspapers 0.25 - East Bloomfield. Mrs. A. G. P. 1.00 - East Wilson. Rev. H. Halsey, $50; Chas. M. - Clark, $3 53.00 - Essex Co. “A Friend,” _for Student Aid, Fisk - U._ 50.00 - Groton. Dr. C. Chapman 6.00 - Hempstead. Mrs. C. M. H. 0.50 - Jamestown. ——, 20.00 - Keeseville. Mrs. M. A. H. 1.00 - Lisbon. First Cong. Ch. 8.00 - Middleton. Samuel Ayres ($2 of which _for - Foreign M._) 5.00 - New York. S. J. B. 0.25 - Oxford. Associated Presb. Ch. 6.57 - Perry Centre. Cong. Soc. 20.24 - Portland. J. S. Coon, $5; Rev. J. R. B., $1; - Others, $1.25 7.25 - Pulaski. Miss M. E. P. 1.00 - Rochester. Plymouth Cong. Ch. 75.82 - Rome. John B. Jervis 25.00 - Syracuse. “Member of Plymouth Ch.,” 25.00 - West Farms. Mrs. Rev. A. Wood, $10; Ref. Ch. - S. S., pkg. of Books 10.00 - Westmoreland. First Cong. Sab. Sch. 4.11 - —— “A Friend,” _for Teachers and Students_ 15.00 - - - NEW JERSEY, $57.27. - - East Orange. Grove St. Cong. Ch. 21.27 - Englewood. Chas. Taylor 11.00 - Montclair. First Cong. Ch. 25.00 - - - PENNSYLVANIA, $68. - - Clark. Mrs. Elizabeth Dickson and Miss Eliza - Dickson, $25; Mrs. H. B. Harrington $5 30.00 - Lynn. S. W. Smith 2.00 - Norristown. M. W. Cooke 10.00 - Philadelphia. M. E. M. 1.00 - Sharpsburgh. Joseph Turner 5.00 - West Alexander. Robert Davidson 20.00 - - - OHIO, $1,236.56. - - Berlin Heights. N. S. Wright 3.00 - Cincinnati. Sab. Sch. of Storrs Cong. Ch. to - const. JOHN ELLIOTT RICE, L. M. 30.00 - Cleveland. Plymouth Cong. Ch. 57.33 - Collamer. Union Sab. Sch. 5.00 - Geneva. W. M. A. 1.00 - Hudson. S. Straight, _for rebuilding Straight - U._ 1000.00 - Hudson. Cong. Ch. 13.00 - Hiram. M. S. 1.00 - Lindenville. John Thompson 10.00 - Medina. Woman’s Miss. Soc., by Mary J. Munger, - Treas. 7.00 - Painsville. First Cong. Ch. 37.03 - Saybrook. Sabbath Sch. District No. 3, for - _Student Aid, Tougaloo U._ 5.00 - Senecaville. Rev. E. T. 1.00 - Steubenville. Women’s Miss. Soc. of First - Cong. Ch., by Martha J. Leslie, Treas. 10.00 - Tallmadge. Cong. Sab. Sch. $20.00; “A Friend,” - $6 26.00 - Twinsburgh. L. W. and R. F. Green 5.00 - Yellow Springs. Mrs. Mary A. Cone 10.00 - West Andover. Cong. Ch. 15.20 - - - INDIANA, $7.34. - - Dublin. H. M. 0.50 - Evansville. Rev. J. Q. A. 0.50 - Solsberry. Cong. Ch. 6.34 - - - ILLINOIS, $472.54. - - Buda. Cong. Ch. 17.25 - Chicago. Lincoln Park Cong. Ch., $31.79; Mrs. - E. Rathburn, $10.50; First Cong. Ch. (ad’l) - $5; Three Ladies at Annual Meeting, $3; - Woman’s Miss. Soc. of N. E. Ch. $2.25 52.54 - Collinsville. Mrs. J. S. Peers and J. F. - Wadsworth and Wife 20.00 - Elgin. Mrs. Gail Borden, $10; “Little - Freddie,” 2c. 10.02 - Englewood. Cong. Ch. 6.12 - Fitchville. First Cong. Ch., $14; Second Cong. - Ch., $5 19.00 - Freedom. Mrs. John Hubbard 10.00 - Genesco. Lucy B. Perry 5.00 - Granville. Cong. Ch. 45.00 - Jefferson. Cong. Ch. 20.00 - Kewanee. Bureau Association, by Mrs. C. C. - Cully, _for Missionary, Liberty Co., Ga._ 100.00 - Kewanee. Cong. Ch. 24.07 - Lake Forest. Rev. W. A. Nichols 17.85 - Lockport. Cong. Ch., $4.04; I. P., $1 5.04 - Park Ridge. Geo. B. Carpenter, $5; L. P. S., - $1: Others, $2 8.00 - Pittsfield. Cong. Ch. 10.25 - Prospect Park. Mrs. Emma L. Boyd 5.00 - Rockford. First Cong. Ch. 32.06 - Sheffield. Cong. Ch. (of which $14 _for Lady - Missionary, Liberty Co., Ga._) 35.00 - Summer Hill. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.40 - Sterling. C. H. Rich 9.69 - Wethersfield. Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Kellogg 5.00 - Willamette. Cong. Ch. 4.00 - Woodstock. Cong. Ch. 2.25 - —— Freeman Miles 5.00 - - - MICHIGAN, $283.66. - - Armada. Cong. Ch., _for Missionary, Memphis, - Tenn._ 9.35 - Bellevue. Mrs. N. E. B., $1; M. A. H., 50c. 1.50 - Benzonia. Amasa Waters and Wife, $11; Rev. A. - L. Gridley and Wife, $6; S. A. Wells and - Wife, $2; D. B. Spencer and Wife, $2; - Others, $5 26.00 - Cooper. Cong. Ch. 5.22 - Edwardsburgh. S. C. Olmsted 25.00 - Galesburg. Mrs. S. M. S. 0.51 - Grand Blanc. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 16.00 - Homestead. First Cong. Ch. 3.59 - Imlay City. Woman’s Miss. Soc. 5.00 - Imlay City. Cong. Sab. Sch. 2.26 - Northfield. Cong. Ch. 5.03 - Olivet. Cong. Ch., $24.20; S. F. Drury, $10 - _for Scholarship, Straight U._ 34.20 - Richland. Mrs. R. Boyles 2.00 - St. Clair. Young People’s Miss. Soc., _for - Lady Missionary, Memphis, Tenn._ 18.00 - Union City. “A Friend” 100.00 - Stony Run. “Friends” 3.00 - Portland. T. L. Maille 15.00 - Vienna. Union Cong. Ch. 12.00 - - - IOWA, $861.24. - - Algona. J. B. Leake 3.81 - Ames. Ladies’ Cong. Ch., _for Lady Missionary, - New Orleans, La._ 3.00 - Belle Plain. Ladies of Cong. Ch., _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 4.65 - College Springs. ESTATE of Rev. J. Lowery, by - Mrs. N. Lowery 25.00 - Decorah. Rev. J. F. T. 0.90 - Denmark. Cong. Ch. Sab. School 17.00 - Des Moines. Ladies of Cong. Ch., $10; “Prairie - Chickens,” $7, _for Lady Missionary, New - Orleans, La._ 17.00 - Durant. Cong. Ch. 5.00 - Franklin Co. “Widow’s offering” 2.00 - Green Mountain. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00 - Green Mountain. Ladies of Cong. Ch. _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 1.35 - Grinnell. ESTATE of Chas. F. Dike, by Mrs. C. - F. Dike, Executrix 500.00 - Grinnell. Cong. Ch. and Soc. $74.66;—“A - Friend” $20, _for Student preparing for - African M._;—Ladies of Cong. Ch. $10, _for - Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 104.66 - Hampton. Cong. Ch. $9.38; Ladies’ Aid Soc. $5 14.38 - Iowa City. Cong. Ch. 21.00 - Jamestown. Women of Cong. Ch. and Soc. _for - Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 3.00 - Mason City. Cong. Ch. 11.00 - Maquoketa. Ladies of Cong. Ch. _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 10.00 - McGregor. Woman’s Miss. Soc. 17.19 - Montour. Ladies of Cong. Ch. _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 5.00 - Muscatine. Cong. Sab. Sch. _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 30.00 - New Hampton. Woman’s Miss. Soc. 1.10 - Ogden. Ladies of Cong. Ch. _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 5.00 - Onawa. Cong. Ch. 5.00 - Osage. Woman’s Miss. Soc. bal. to const. MRS. - ELLA STACY, L. M. 4.20 - Rockford. Women of Cong. Ch. and Soc. _for - Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 3.00 - Toledo. Ladies of Cong. Ch., _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 1.00 - Traer. Women of Cong. and Soc., _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 10.00 - Waterloo. Ladies of Cong. Ch., _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 10.00 - Wilton. L. M. Soc. $10, _for Lady Missionary, - New Orleans, La._;—Cong. Ch., $4 14.00 - Stuart. Ladies of Cong. Ch., _for Lady - Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 2.00 - - - WISCONSIN, $354.97. - - Appleton. Ann S. Kimball, $50, _for a Student, - Fisk U._;—“L. T.” ($5 of which for Chinese - M.) $10 60.00 - Beaver Dam. Mrs. Allyn Avery 5.00 - Beloit. Second Cong. Ch. $25; Mrs. M. A. K., $1 26.00 - Bloomington. Cong. Ch. 5.47 - Columbus. Alfred Topliff, to const. MRS. C. H. - CHADBOURNE, L. M. 30.00 - Emerald Grove. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.82 - Fond du Lac. Cong. Ch. 40.00 - Geneva Lake. G. Montague 5.00 - Janesville. First Cong. Ch. 42.93 - Johnstown. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.75 - Madison. Cong. Ch., bal. to const. HON. S. D. - HASTINGS, REV. CHAS. H. RICHARDS, PROF. ED. - T. OWEN, HON. D. TAYLOR, F. J. LAMB and A. - S. FRANK, L. M’s 110.00 - Princeton. Cong. Ch. 1.00 - Raymond. T. Sands, $5; Master Charles S. - Davis, $1 6.00 - Wautona. Cong. Ch. 5.00 - - - MINNESOTA, $166.62. - - Austin. Mrs. L. C. Bacon 10.00 - Cannon Falls. First Cong. Ch. 6.00 - Cottage Grove. Mrs. M. W. 1.00 - Chain Lake Centre. Cong. Ch. 1.18 - Lake City. Cong. Ch. 7.02 - Minneapolis. Plymouth Ch. 11.70 - Northfield. First Cong. Ch. 78.33 - Northfield. First Cong. Sab. Sch., $25, _for - Teacher, Athens, Ala._;—Bethel Sab. Sch. - $2.09; A. N. N., $1 28.09 - Princeton. Cong. Ch. 2.25 - Sherburn. Cong. Ch. 1.30 - Waseca. First Cong. Ch. 15.75 - Waterford. Union Ch. 4.00 - - - KANSAS, $12.25. - - Bellevue. Harriet M. Dunlap 2.00 - Council Grove. First Cong. Ch. 5.00 - Osborne. Cong. Ch. 5.25 - - - NEBRASKA, $19.56. - - Ashland. Cong. Ch. 4.00 - Camp Creek. Cong. Ch. 3.56 - Mainland. Cong. Ch. 1.00 - Silver. Melinda Bowen 5.00 - Waho. Cong. Ch. 1.00 - Wayland. Miss S. P. Locke 5.00 - - - DAKOTA, $5.50. - - Yankton. Mrs. T. N. B. 0.50 - Centreville. Rev. L. Bridgman 5.00 - - - COLORADO, $10. - - Colorado Springs. Mrs. S. B. Pickett 10.00 - - - CALIFORNIA, $3. - - National City. T. Parsons, $2; J. T., $1 3.00 - - - OREGON, $5. - - Canyon City. —— 5.00 - - - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, $100. - - Washington. Ludlow Patton, _for Theo. Dept. - Howard U._ 100.00 - - - MARYLAND, $153.51. - - Baltimore. First Cong. Ch. $143.51; W. K. - Carson, $10. 153.51 - - - TENNESSEE, $236. - - Chattanooga. Rent 236.00 - - - MISSOURI, $5.89. - - Webster’s Grove. Cong. Ch. 2.65 - Cahoka. Cong. Ch. 3.24 - - - TEXAS, $3.50. - - Marshall. By Henry C. Gray 3.50 - - - —— , $1 - - —— ——. Mrs. A. M. C. 1.00 - - - ENGLAND, $76.96. - - London. Freedmen’s Missions Aid Soc. _for - Student Aid, Fisk U._, £16 76.96 - —————————— - Total $12,687.64 - - - FOR TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL INSTITUTE, AUSTIN, TEXAS. - - Greenland, N. H. Cong. Ch. and Soc. $17.00 - New Britain, Conn. Mrs. Norman Hart, $25; Mrs. - Ellen H. Wells, $25 50.00 - Malone, N. Y. Mrs. S. C. Wead 100.00 - Baltimore, Md. T. D. Anderson 10.00 - Galesburg, Ill. “Two Friends” 15.00 - ———————— - Total $192.00 - - - FOR MISSIONS IN AFRICA. - - London, Eng. Freedmen’s Missions Aid Soc. £304 $1,462.24 - London, Eng. Dr. O. H. White, £10 48.10 - —————————— - Total $1,510.34 - - - FOR SCHOOL BUILDING, ATHENS, ALA. - - Lake Forest, Ill. E. S. W. 1.00 - Northfield, Mich. First Cong. Sab. Sch. 25.00 - Rosendale, Wis. MRS. H. N. CLARKE, to const. - herself L. M. 30.00 - ——————— - Total $56.00 - - H. W. HUBBARD, - _Treasurer_. - - * * * * * - - - - -Constitution of the American Missionary Association. - -INCORPORATED JANUARY 30, 1849. - - - * * * * * - -ART. I. This Society shall be called “THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY -ASSOCIATION.” - -ART. II. The object of this Association shall be to conduct -Christian missionary and educational operations, and to diffuse a -knowledge of the Holy Scriptures in our own and other countries -which are destitute of them, or which present open and urgent -fields of effort. - -ART. III. Any person of evangelical sentiments,[A] who professes -faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is not a slaveholder, or in -the practice of other immoralities, and who contributes to the -funds, may become a member of the Society; and by the payment -of thirty dollars, a life member; provided that children and -others who have not professed their faith may be constituted life -members without the privilege of voting. - -ART. IV. This Society shall meet annually, in the month of -September, October or November, for the election of officers and -the transaction of other business, at such time and place as -shall be designated by the Executive Committee. - -ART. V. The annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular -officers and members of the Society at the time of such meeting, -and of delegates from churches, local missionary societies, -and other co-operating bodies, each body being entitled to one -representative. - -ART. VI. The officers of the Society shall be a President, -Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretaries, -Treasurer, two Auditors, and an Executive Committee of not less -than twelve, of which the Corresponding Secretaries shall be -advisory, and the Treasurer ex-officio, members. - -ART. VII. To the Executive Committee shall belong the collecting -and disbursing of funds; the appointing, counselling, sustaining -and dismissing (for just and sufficient reasons) missionaries and -agents; the selection of missionary fields; and, in general, the -transaction of all such business as usually appertains to the -executive committees of missionary and other benevolent societies; -the Committee to exercise no ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the -missionaries; and its doings to be subject always to the revision -of the annual meeting, which shall, by a reference mutually -chosen, always entertain the complaints of any aggrieved agent or -missionary; and the decision of such reference shall be final. - -The Executive Committee shall have authority to fill all -vacancies occurring among the officers between the regular annual -meetings; to apply, if they see fit, to any State Legislature -for acts of incorporation; to fix the compensation, where any -is given, of all officers, agents, missionaries, or others in -the employment of the Society; to make provision, if any, for -disabled missionaries, and for the widows and children of such as -are deceased; and to call, in all parts of the country, at their -discretion, special and general conventions of the friends of -missions, with a view to the diffusion of the missionary spirit, -and the general and vigorous promotion of the missionary work. - -Five members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for -transacting business. - -ART. VIII. This society, in collecting funds, in appointing -officers, agents and missionaries, and in selecting fields -of labor, and conducting the missionary work, will endeavor -particularly to discountenance slavery, by refusing to receive -the known fruits of unrequited labor, or to welcome to its -employment those who hold their fellow-beings as slaves. - -ART. IX. Missionary bodies, churches or individuals agreeing -to the principles of this Society, and wishing to appoint and -sustain missionaries of their own, shall be entitled to do so -through the agency of the Executive Committee, on terms mutually -agreed upon. - -ART. X. No amendment shall be made in this Constitution without -the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular -annual meeting; nor unless the proposed amendment has been -submitted to a previous meeting, or to the Executive Committee -in season to be published by them (as it shall be their duty to -do, if so submitted) in the regular official notifications of the -meeting. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[A] By evangelical sentiments, we understand, among others, a -belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a -Saviour; the Supreme Deity, Incarnation and Atoning Sacrifice -of Jesus Christ, the only Saviour of the world; the necessity -of regeneration by the Holy Spirit, repentance, faith and holy -obedience in order to salvation; the immortality of the soul; and -the retributions of the judgment in the eternal punishment of the -wicked, and salvation of the righteous. - - * * * * * - - - - -The American Missionary Association. - - - * * * * * - - -AIM AND WORK. - -To preach the Gospel to the poor. It originated in a sympathy -with the almost friendless slaves. Since Emancipation it has -devoted its main efforts to preparing the FREEDMEN for their -duties as citizens and Christians in America and as missionaries -in Africa. As closely related to this, it seeks to benefit the -caste-persecuted CHINESE in America, and to co-operate with -the Government in its humane and Christian policy towards the -INDIANS. It has also a mission in AFRICA. - - -STATISTICS. - -CHURCHES: _In the South_—In Va., 1; N. C., 5; S. C., 2; Ga., 13; -Ky., 7; Tenn., 4; Ala., 14, La., 12; Miss., 1; Kansas, 2; Texas, -6. _Africa_, 2. _Among the Indians_, 1. Total 70. - -INSTITUTIONS FOUNDED, FOSTERED OR SUSTAINED IN THE -SOUTH.—_Chartered_: Hampton, Va.; Berea, Ky.; Talladega, -Ala.; Atlanta, Ga.; Nashville, Tenn.; Tougaloo, Miss.; New -Orleans, La.; and Austin, Texas, 8. _Graded or Normal Schools_: -at Wilmington, Raleigh, N. C.; Charleston, Greenwood, S. C.; -Savannah, Macon, Atlanta, Ga.; Montgomery, Mobile, Athens, Selma, -Ala.; Memphis, Tenn., 12. _Other Schools_, 24. Total 44. - -TEACHERS, MISSIONARIES AND ASSISTANTS.—Among the Freedmen, -253; among the Chinese, 21; among the Indians, 9; in Africa, -13. Total, 296. STUDENTS—In Theology, 86; Law, 28; in College -Course, 63; in other studies, 7,030. Total, 7,207. Scholars -taught by former pupils of our schools, estimated at 150,000. -INDIANS under the care of the Association, 13,000. - - -WANTS. - -1. A steady INCREASE of regular income to keep pace with the -growing work. This increase can only be reached by _regular_ and -_larger_ contributions from the churches—the feeble as well as -the strong. - -2. ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS for our higher educational institutions, -to accommodate the increasing numbers of students; MEETING HOUSES -for the new churches we are organizing; MORE MINISTERS, cultured -and pious, for these churches. - -3. HELP FOR YOUNG MEN, to be educated as ministers here and -missionaries to Africa—a pressing want. - -Before sending boxes, always correspond with the nearest A. M. A. -office, as below: - - NEW YORK H. W. Hubbard, Esq., 56 Reade Street. - BOSTON Rev. C. L. Woodworth, Room 21 Congregational House. - CHICAGO Rev. Jas. Powell, 112 West Washington Street. - - -MAGAZINE. - -This Magazine will be sent, gratuitously, if desired, to the -Missionaries of the Association; to Life Members; to all -clergymen who take up collections for the Association; to -Superintendents of Sabbath Schools; to College Libraries; to -Theological Seminaries; to Societies of Inquiry on Missions; and -to every donor who does not prefer to take it as a subscriber, -and contributes in a year not less than five dollars. - -Those who wish to remember the AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION in -their last Will and Testament, are earnestly requested to use the -following - - -FORM OF A BEQUEST. - -“I BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— dollars -in trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to the -person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of -the ‘American Missionary Association’ of New York City, to be -applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the -Association, to its charitable uses and purposes.” - -The will should be attested by three witnesses [in some States -three are required—in other States only two], who should write -against their names, their places of residence [if in cities, -their street and number]. The following form of attestation will -answer for every State in the Union: “Signed, sealed, published -and declared by the said [A. B.] as his last Will and Testament, -in presence of us, who, at the request of the said A. B., and in -his presence, and in the presence of each other, have hereunto -subscribed our names as witnesses.” In some States it is required -that the Will should be made at least two months before the death -of the testator. - - * * * * * - - - - - THE INDEPENDENT - - For 1880. - - THE INDEPENDENT appeals to cultivated men and women. It discusses - current questions of religion, philosophy, and politics. It - is wide-awake. It is not afraid. It sets people to thinking. - It welcomes fresh truth. It has great variety. It is so big - that it can always have something for the severest thinker - and also an abundance of the best lighter literature. It - publishes more religious discussion than the religious reviews, - poetry and stories than the popular monthlies, and gives more - information than an annual cyclopædia. It has twice as large - a corps of the most famous writers than any other journal of - any sort in the country. It is indispensable to one who wants - to know what is going on in the religious world. It pleases - people. It makes people angry. It stirs them up, and always - interests and instructs those who do not like its position, - which is conservative in belief and liberal in fraternity and - comprehension. It grows on all who read it. TRY IT FOR NEXT YEAR. - - - REV. JOSEPH COOK’S LECTURES. - - We have purchased the newspaper copyright of the Boston Monday - Lectures for 1879-1880, to be delivered, as heretofore, by the - Rev. Joseph Cook, beginning about Nov. 1st, and the same will - be given _verbatim_ to the readers of THE INDEPENDENT weekly, - together with the Preludes, after revision by the author. - - These Lectures have been exceedingly popular in the past, and - will continue to be an attractive feature of the paper the coming - season. - - - SERMONS BY EMINENT CLERGYMEN - - in all parts of the country will continue to be printed. - - - PREMIUMS. - - ☞We have decided to withdraw on the 31st day of December, 1879, - all of the premiums now offered by us to subscribers, a full list - of which appears below; so that those who would avail themselves - of our liberal offers must do so before December 31, 1879. - - - Worcester’s Unabridged Pictorial Quarto Dictionary. - - Bound in Sheep. 1,854 pages. Over 1,000 Illustrations. Issue of - 1879. - - Our contract with the publishers of the Dictionary expires - Dec. 31st, 1879, and Messrs. J. B. Lippincott & Co. absolutely - refuse to continue the contract beyond that date on the same - favorable terms. We are, therefore, compelled to withdraw the - Dictionary premium at the expiration of the present year; but - we purposely give ample notice, so that our subscribers and the - public in general may avail themselves of the surprisingly low - terms to get the Dictionary, in connection with THE INDEPENDENT. - We will send this _Dictionary_ to any person who will send us - the names of _Three New Subscribers and Nine Dollars_; or who - will, on renewing his own subscription, in advance, send us - _Two New Names_ additional and $9.00; or who will renew his own - subscription for three years, in advance, and send us $9.00; or, - for a new subscriber for three years and $9.00. - - The regular price of the _Dictionary_ alone at all the - book-stores is $10.00, while the lowest price of three - subscriptions is $9.00. 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Fine Steel Engraving. By Ritchie. - - EDWIN M. STANTON. Fine Steel Engraving. By Ritchie. - - THE INNER LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By Frank B. Carpenter. Bound - in cloth. 360 pages. It gives a better insight into his “inner - life” than can be found elsewhere, and is altogether one of the - most fascinating, instructive and useful books of the kind ever - published. - -_We offer one premium only for one year’s subscription._ - - Subscription Price $3.00 per Annum, in Advance. - - SPECIMEN COPIES} Address THE INDEPENDENT, - SENT FREE. } - - P. O. BOX 2,787. ☞Cut out this Advertisement. =NEW YORK CITY=. - - - * * * * * - - - THE CONGREGATIONALIST, - - A Family Religious Journal. - -The _Congregationalist_, as a family religious paper, aims to -occupy the first rank. It has four editors in the office at -Boston, besides Rev. A. H. Clapp, D. D., at Bible House, New -York, as editor in that city, and who furnishes a weekly letter -from the Metropolis. It has also a large corps of contributors, -among whom are some of the best newspaper writers in the country, -such as Prof. Austin Phelps, D. D., Dr. Leonard Bacon, Rose Terry -Cooke, Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D., Lucy Larcom, President S. -C. Bartlett, Mrs. Margaret E. Sangster and many others. - -It gives large space to its Literary Reviews, presents more full -and complete news from the Congregational ministers and churches -of the country than any other journal, has a carefully prepared -column of Missionary news, has a full Children’s department, -gives large attention to Sabbath Schools and the explanation of -the lesson, has a “Farm, Garden and Household department” under -charge of a special editor, prints a “Diary of Events for the -Week,” and furnishes a great variety of matter, being carefully -and closely edited in every column and line. - -“=SOMETHING NEW.=” Every one sending three dollars for a new -subscriber will not only be entitled to the paper for a year, but -also to an illustrated volume of over 300 pages, just issued, -which is made up of the choicest articles and sketches in the -_Congregationalist_ for several years past. - -_Send for Specimen numbers._ - - W. L. GREENE & CO., - - _=1 Somerset St., Boston.=_ - - - * * * * * - - - New Singing Book for the Million! - - CORONATION SONGS - - _=For Praise and Prayer Meetings=_, - - HOME AND SOCIAL SINGING. BY - - Rev. Dr. CHARLES F. DEEMS - - AND - - THEODORE E. PERKINS. - -Containing 151 Hymns with Tunes, which include more of the -STANDARD material that the world will not suffer to die, and more -NEW material that deserves trial, than any other book extant. - -Postpaid, 30 cents. $25 per hundred. - - - LYMAN ABBOTT’S - - Commentary on the New Testament - -Illustrated and Popular, giving the latest views of the best -Biblical Scholars on all disputed points. - -A concise, strong and faithful Exposition in (8) =eight volumes=, -octavo. - - AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY LOCALITY. - - A. S. BARNES & CO., Publishers, - New York and Chicago. - - - * * * * * - - - GET THE BEST. - - The “OXFORD” - - [Illustration] - - TEACHERS’ BIBLES - - IN SEVEN DIFFERENT SIZES, - - At prices to suit everybody. - - Apply to your Bookseller for Lists, or write to - - THOS. NELSON & SONS, - - =42 Bleecker Street, New York=. - - - * * * * * - - - Meneely & Kimberly, - - BELL FOUNDERS, TROY, N. Y. - -Manufacture a superior quality of BELLS. - -Special attention given to =CHURCH BELLS=. - -☞Catalogues sent free to parties needing bells. - - - * * * * * - - - Brown Bros. & Co. - - BANKERS, - - 59 & 61 Wall Street, New York, - - 211 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, - - 66 State Street, Boston. - - - * * * * * - - -=Issue Commercial Credits, make Cable transfers of Money between -this Country and England, and buy and sell Bills of Exchange on -Great Britain and Ireland.= - -They also issue, against cash deposited, or satisfactory -guarantee of repayment, - - Circular Credits for Travellers, - -In DOLLARS for use in the United States and adjacent countries, -and in POUNDS STERLING, for use in any part of the world. - - - * * * * * - - - 73,620 MORE - - Singer Sewing Machines Sold in ’78 - - THAN IN ANY PREVIOUS YEAR. - - - In =1870= we sold =127,833= Sewing Machines. - “ =1878= “ =356,432= “ “ - - -Our sales have increased enormously every year through the whole -period of “hard times.” - -=We now Sell Three-Quarters of all the Sewing Machines sold in -the World.= - -For the accommodation of the Public we have 1,500 subordinate -offices in the United States and Canada, and 3,000 offices in the -Old World and South America. - - - PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. - - - Waste no money on “cheap” counterfeits. Send for our handsomely - Illustrated Price List. - - THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, - - Principal Office, 34 Union Square, New York. - - - * * * * * - - - [Illustration] - - CRAMPTON’S - - PURE OLD - - PALM SOAP, - - FOR - - The Laundry, the Kitchen, and - For General Household Purposes, - - MANUFACTURED BY - - CRAMPTON BROTHERS, - - _Cor. Monroe & Jefferson Sts., N. Y._ - - Send for Circular and Price List. - - -Crampton’s old Palm Soap for the Laundry, the Kitchen, and for -general Household purposes. The price of the “Palm Soap” is $3.90 -per box of 100 three-quarter pound bars—75 pounds in box. To -any one who will send us an order for 10 boxes with cash, $39, -we will send one box extra free as a premium. Or the orders may -be sent to us for one or more boxes at a time, with remittance, -and when we have thus received orders for ten boxes we will send -the eleventh box free as proposed above. If you do not wish to -send the money in advance, you may deposit it with any banker -or merchant in good credit in your town, with the understanding -that he is to remit to us on receipt of the soap, which is to be -shipped to his care. - - Address, - - CRAMPTON BROTHERS, - - Cor. Monroe and Jefferson Sts., New York. - - FOR SALE - - BY ALL - - MERCHANTS. - - - * * * * * - - - THE - - N. Y. Witness Publications - - FOR 1880. - - - THE DAILY WITNESS. - -A religious, temperance, daily newspaper, and the only one in the -Union, was commenced on July 1, 1871, and continues to send forth -daily a rich variety of news, markets, editorials, contemporary -press, correspondence, reports of religious and temperance -meetings and efforts, including a daily report of the Fulton -Street Prayer Meeting, with much useful and instructive matter -for family reading, etc., etc. The price is two cents per copy or -$5 per annum, and to induce circulation throughout the country -we offer the following special terms: To clubs of five we shall -send the DAILY WITNESS, separately addressed, by mail, postpaid, -for $20 a year, or $5 per quarter. In the latter case 78 copies -delivered, will only cost $1. At that rate who would be without a -New York daily paper, equally valuable for the business man and -his family? We hope clubs will be formed in every city, town and -village that is reached by the morning mails from New York on the -same day. - - THE WEEKLY WITNESS - -Commenced with January, 1872, and is near the completion of its -eighth year. It at present issues 54,000 weekly, which go to -subscribers all over the Union. Its issues from the beginning -have been over twenty millions of copies, each containing a -great variety of very interesting matter, namely: News of the -day, Prices Current, Financial Report, Spirit of the New York -Daily Press, Home Department (consisting chiefly of Letters -from Ladies), with a column of letters from children; General -Correspondence from all parts of the country, much of it valuable -for intending colonists; Departments for Agriculture, Temperance, -Sabbath-School, Religious Reading, including Daily Report of -Fulton Street Prayer-meeting; Serial and other Stories. It gives -more reading matter than any other religious weekly, and has -probably fully 300,000 readers, as many copies serve more than -one family. It has drawn forth unsolicited commendation from -thousands of readers, many of whom pronounce it the best paper -for the family and the country they ever saw. The price is $1.50 -a year; clubs of five will be supplied for $6 a year, the papers -being addressed separately and postpaid. - - SABBATH READING. - -This small, neat eight-page weekly paper is filled with the -choicest reading matter suitable for the Sabbath day, among which -is one first-class sermon in each number. The matter in this -paper is all different from what appears in the WEEKLY WITNESS. -It has no news or advertisements, editorials or communications, -but is just a choice selection of good, religious, temperance -matter, suited for all classes and all regions, and specially -suited for distribution as a most acceptable tract. Price one -cent per copy, or 50 cents per annum. Ten copies (520) to one -address for a year, postpaid, for $4; or 100 copies for $35. This -is found to be an excellent weekly for the more advanced classes -in Sabbath-schools. - -All the above terms are cash in advance, and the papers stop when -subscription expires unless previously renewed. Sample copies of -any or all of them will be sent free if applied for by postal -card or otherwise. - -The above publications will be sent on approbation for a month -to any address for: DAILY WITNESS, 25 cents; WEEKLY WITNESS, 10 -cents; SABBATH READING, 5 cents, or sample copies free. - - JOHN DOUGALL & CO. - - No. 7 Frankfort Street, New York. - - - * * * * * - - - THE WORLD FOR 1880. - -The year 1880 promises to be one of the most interesting -and important years of this crowded and eventful century. -It will witness a Presidential election which may result in -re-establishing the Government of this country on the principles -of its constitutional founders, or in permanently changing the -relations of the States to the Federal power. No intelligent man -can regard such an election with indifference. THE WORLD, as the -only daily English newspaper published in the city of New York -which upholds the doctrines of constitutional Democracy, will -steadily represent the Conservative contention in this great -canvass. It will do this in no spirit of servile partisanship, -but temperately and firmly. It will be as swift to rebuke what -it regards as infidelity to Democratic principles or to the -honorable laws of political conflict on the part of its friends -as on the part of its foes. It will uphold no candidate for -office whom it believes to be unworthy of the support of honest -men, and accept no platform which it believes to misrepresent -or to contradict the true conditions of our national prosperity -and greatness. As a newspaper THE WORLD, being the organ of no -man, no clique and no interest, will present the fullest and the -fairest picture it can make of each day’s passing history in the -city, the State, the country and the world. Its correspondents in -the chief centres of life and action on both sides of the ocean -have been selected for their character not less than for their -capacity. It will aim, hereafter as heretofore, at accuracy first -of all things in all that it publishes. No man, however humble, -shall ever be permitted truly to complain that he has been -unjustly dealt with in the columns of THE WORLD. No interest, -however powerful, shall ever be permitted truly to boast that it -can silence the true criticism of THE WORLD. - -During the past year THE WORLD has seen its daily circulation -trebled and its weekly circulation pushed beyond that of any -other weekly newspaper in the country. This great increase has -been won, as THE WORLD believes, by truthfulness, enterprise, -ceaseless activity in collecting news, and unfaltering loyalty to -itself and to its readers in dealing with the questions of the -day. It is our hope, and it will be our endeavor, that these may -keep what these have won, and that THE WORLD’S record for 1880 -may be written in the approbation and support of many thousands -more of new readers in all parts of this Indissoluble Union of -Indestructible States. - -=Democrats= everywhere should inform themselves carefully alike -of the action of their party throughout the country and of the -movements of their Republican opponents. A failure to do this -in 1876 contributed greatly to the loss by the Democracy of the -fruits of the victory fairly won at the polls. - -Our rates of subscription remain unchanged, and are as follows: - -Daily and Sundays, one year, $10; six months, $5.50; three -months, $2.75. - -Daily, without Sundays, one year, $8; six months, $4.25; three -months, $2.25; less than three months, $1 a month. - -THE SUNDAY WORLD, one year, $2. - -THE MONDAY WORLD, containing the Book Reviews and “College -Chronicle,” one year, $1.50. - -THE SEMI-WEEKLY WORLD (Tuesdays and Fridays)—TWO DOLLARS a year. -TO CLUB AGENTS—An extra copy for club of ten; the Daily for club -of twenty-five. - -THE WEEKLY WORLD (Wednesday)—ONE DOLLAR a year. TO CLUB -AGENTS—An extra copy for club of ten, the Semi-Weekly for club -of twenty, the Daily for club of fifty. - -Specimen numbers sent free on application. - -Terms—Cash, invariably in advance. - -Send post-office money order, bank draft or registered letter. -Bills at risk of the sender. - - - =A SPECIAL OFFER.= - -Subscribers who send $1 for a year’s subscription before -December 28 will receive the WEEKLY WORLD from the date of -their subscription =to March 5, 1881=. This will include the -Presidential campaign and the inauguration of the next President. - -Old subscribers who send $1 before December 28, for a renewal of -their subscription for 1880, will receive the WEEKLY WORLD to -March 5, 1881, without missing a number. - - =This Offer will be Withdrawn December 29.= - -Take advantage of it at once. Subscribe at once. Renew at once. - - -=Note to Newspaper Publishers.=—Proprietors of Democratic -newspapers who desire the Daily WORLD for one year may obtain it -by publishing the foregoing prospectus six times and sending to -THE WORLD marked copies of their papers containing it. We offer -low “clubbing rates” to Democratic newspapers throughout the -country. - - - * * * * * - - - JOHN H. HORSFALL. - - _FURNITURE_ - - AND - - Upholstery Warerooms, - - Nos. 6 & 7 EAST 23D STREET, - - MADISON SQUARE. - - Offers a fine selection of goods at very reasonable prices. - - DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. - - - * * * * * - - - Every Man His Own Printer. - - Excelsior =$3= Printing Press. - -[Illustration] - -Prints cards, labels, envelopes, &c.; larger sizes for larger work. -For business or pleasure, young or old. Catalogue of Presses, Type, -Cards, &c., sent for two stamps. - -KELSEY & CO., M’frs, Meriden, Conn. - - - * * * * * - - - CHURCH CUSHIONS - - MADE OF THE - - PATENT ELASTIC FELT. - - For particulars, address H. D. OSTERMOOR, - - P. O. Box 4004. 36 Broadway, New York. - - - * * * * * - - -[Illustration: - - MARVIN’S - FIRE & BURGLAR - SAFES - COUNTER PLATFORM WAGON & TRACK - SCALES - _MARVIN SAFE & SCALE CO. - 265 BROADWAY. N. Y. - 627 CHESTNUT ST., PHILA._] - - - * * * * * - - - W. & B. DOUGLAS, - - Middletown, Conn., - - MANUFACTURERS OF - - PUMPS, - -HYDRAULIC RAMS, GARDEN ENGINES, PUMP CHAIN AND FIXTURES, IRON -CURBS, YARD HYDRANTS, STREET WASHERS, ETC. - -[Illustration] - -Highest Medal awarded them by the Universal Exposition at Paris, -France, in 1867; Vienna, Austria, in 1873; and Philadelphia, 1876. - - Founded in 1832. - - Branch Warehouses: - 85 & 87 John St. - NEW YORK, - AND - 197 Lake Street, - CHICAGO. - - _For Sale by all Regular Dealers._ - - - * * * * * - - - THE THIRTY-FOURTH VOLUME - - OF THE - - American Missionary, - - 1880. - - -We have been gratified with the constant tokens of the increasing -appreciation of the MISSIONARY during the year now nearly past, and -purpose to spare no effort to make its pages of still greater value -to those interested in the work which it records. - -Shall we not have a largely increased subscription list for 1880? - -A little effort on the part of our friends, when making their own -remittances, to induce their neighbors to unite in forming Clubs, -will easily double our list, and thus widen the influence of our -Magazine, and aid in the enlargement of our work. - -Under the editorial supervision of Rev. GEO. M. BOYNTON, aided -by the steady contributions of our intelligent missionaries -and teachers in all parts of the field, and with occasional -communications from careful observers and thinkers elsewhere, -the AMERICAN MISSIONARY furnishes a vivid and reliable picture -of the work going forward among the Indians, the Chinamen on the -Pacific Coast, and the Freedmen as citizens in the South and as -missionaries in Africa. - -It will be the vehicle of important views on all matters affecting -the races among which it labors, and will give a monthly summary of -current events relating to their welfare and progress. - -Patriots and Christians interested in the education and -Christianizing of these despised races are asked to read it, and -assist in its circulation. Begin with the next number and the new -year. The price is only Fifty Cents per annum. - -The Magazine will be sent gratuitously, if preferred, to the -persons indicated on page 412. - -Donations and subscriptions should be sent to - - H. W. HUBBARD, Treasurer, - 56 Reade Street, New York. - - * * * * * - - TO ADVERTISERS. - -Special attention is invited to the advertising department of the -AMERICAN MISSIONARY. Among its regular readers are thousands of -Ministers of the Gospel, Presidents, Professors and Teachers in -Colleges, Theological Seminaries and Schools; it is, therefore, -a specially valuable medium for advertising Books, Periodicals, -Newspapers, Maps, Charts, Institutions of Learning, Church -Furniture, Bells, Household Goods, &c. - -Advertisers are requested to note the moderate price charged for -space in its columns, considering the extent and character of its -circulation. - -Advertisements must be received by the TENTH of the month, in order -to secure insertion in the following number. All communications in -relation to advertising should be addressed to - - J. H. DENISON, Adv’g Agent, - 56 Reade Street, New York. - -☞ Our friends who are interested in the Advertising Department of -the “American Missionary” can aid us in this respect by mentioning, -when ordering goods, that they saw them advertised in our Magazine. - - * * * * * - - - DAVID K. GILDERSLEEVE, Printer, 101 Chambers Street, New York. - - * * * * * - - - - -Transcriber’s Notes: - - -All instances of “D.D.” changed to “D. D.” to be consistent with -the majority of the text. - -“reponse” changed to “response” on page 355. (the following -response was adopted) - -“maintainance” changed to “maintenance” on page 360. (provision -for the maintenance of professorships) - -“onmoving” changed to “on moving” on page 380. (signifies a great -providential on moving the conversion) - -“usuages” changed “usages” (among the early usages of New England) - -“sancity” changed to “sanctity” on page 383. (Respect the -sanctity of his family.) - -Repeated “t” in broken word “import-tant” removed when the -word was rejoined on page 396. (In seven of our most important -treaties) - -“whatsover” changed to “whatsoever” on page 407. (to bear -whatsoever ills) - -“it” changed to “at” on page 412. (the Will should be made at -least two months before) - -“Steal” changed to “Steel” on page 413. (Fine Large Steel -Engraving.) - -Both “post-paid” and “postpaid” appear in the advertisements. -The differences were left, assuming the differences reflect the -wishes of the advertisement authors. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary -- Volume 33, -No. 12, December 1879, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY *** - -***** This file should be named 54131-0.txt or 54131-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/1/3/54131/ - -Produced by KarenD, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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text-indent: -3em;} - .poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 0.5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - - @media handheld { - div.advertisement {page-break-inside: avoid;} - table.receipts {width: 100%; border: none; } - table.singer {margin-left: 0%;} - td.ramt {min-width: 20%;} - } - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary -- Volume 33, No. -12, December 1879, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The American Missionary -- Volume 33, No. 12, December 1879 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 9, 2017 [EBook #54131] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY *** - - - - -Produced by KarenD, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div> -<p class="float-left smcap">Vol. XXXIII.</p> -<p class="float-right">No. 12.</p> -</div> - -<h1><span class="small">THE</span><br />AMERICAN MISSIONARY.</h1> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="wrap"><p class="centerline">“To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.”</p></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="wrap"><p class="centerline xlarge">DECEMBER, 1879.</p></div> - -<div class="wrap"><h2><i>CONTENTS</i>:</h2> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="toc" summary="Table of Contents"> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">THE ANNUAL MEETING.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Paragraphs</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_353">353</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Financial Outlook</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_354">354</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Proceedings</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_355">355</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">General Survey</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_356">356</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of Finance Committee</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_368">368</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">THE FREEDMEN.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of the Committee on Educational Work</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_368">368</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of Committee on Church Work</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_370">370</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Providential Calls: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. M. E. Strieby, D. D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_372">372</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Negro in America: <span class="chaplinen">Prest. R. H. Merrell, D. D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_378">378</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Church Work in the South: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. C. L. Woodworth</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_384">384</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">AFRICA.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of the Committee</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_388">388</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Mendi Country: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. G. D. Pike</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_390">390</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">THE INDIANS.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of the Committee</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_394">394</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Indian Question: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. H. A. Stimson</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_395">395</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">THE CHINESE.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of the Committee</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_401">401</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">America and China: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. J. H. Twichell</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_402">402</a></td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<div class="center"> -NEW YORK:<br /> -Published by the American Missionary Association,<br /> -<span class="smcap">Rooms, 56 Reade Street</span>. - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<p class="center">Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance.</p> - -<p class="small center">Entered at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., as second-class matter.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>American Missionary Association,</h2> - -<p class="center">56 READE STREET, N. Y.</p> - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<p class="position">PRESIDENT.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Hon.</span> E. S. TOBEY, Boston.</p> - -<div> -<p class="position">VICE-PRESIDENTS.</p> - -<table class="medium"><tr><td class="tdpr"> -Hon. <span class="smcap">F. D. Parish</span>, Ohio.<br /> -Hon. <span class="smcap">E. D. Holton</span>, Wis.<br /> -Hon. <span class="smcap">William Claflin</span>, Mass.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Andrew Lester</span>, Esq., N. Y.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Stephen Thurston</span>, D. D., Me.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Samuel Harris</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Wm. C. Chapin</span>, Esq., R. I.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">W. T. Eustis</span>, D. D., Mass.<br /> -Hon. <span class="smcap">A. C. Barstow</span>, R. I.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Thatcher Thayer</span>, D. D., R. I.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Ray Palmer</span>, D. D., N. J.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Edward Beecher</span>, D. D., N. Y.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">J. M. Sturtevant</span>, D. D., Ill.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">W. W. Patton</span>, D. D., D. C.<br /> -Hon. <span class="smcap">Seymour Straight</span>, La.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Horace Hallock</span>, Esq., Mich.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Cyrus W. Wallace</span>, D. D., N. H.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Edward Hawes</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Douglas Putnam</span>, Esq., Ohio.<br /> -Hon. <span class="smcap">Thaddeus Fairbanks</span>, Vt.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Samuel D. Porter</span>, Esq., N. Y.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">M. M. G. Dana</span>, D. D., Minn.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">H. W. Beecher</span>, N. Y.<br /> -Gen. <span class="smcap">O. O. Howard</span>, Oregon.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">G. F. Magoun</span>, D. D., Iowa.<br /> -Col. <span class="smcap">C. G. Hammond</span>, Ill.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Edward Spaulding</span>, M. D., N. H.<br /> -<span class="smcap">David Ripley</span>, Esq., N. J.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Wm. M. Barbour</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">W. L. Gage</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> -<span class="smcap">A. S. Hatch</span>, Esq., N. Y.<br /> -</td> - -<td> -Rev. <span class="smcap">J. H. Fairchild</span>, D. D., Ohio.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">H. A. Stimson</span>, Minn.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">J. W. Strong</span>, D. D., Minn.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">A. L. Stone</span>, D. D., California.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">G. H. Atkinson</span>, D. D., Oregon.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">J. E. Rankin</span>, D. D., D. C.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">A. L. Chapin</span>, D. D., Wis.<br /> -<span class="smcap">S. D. Smith</span>, Esq., Mass.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Peter Smith</span>, Esq., Mass.<br /> -Dea. <span class="smcap">John C. Whitin</span>, Mass.<br /> -Hon. <span class="smcap">J. B. Grinnell</span>, Iowa.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Wm. T. Carr</span>, Ct.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Horace Winslow</span>, Ct.<br /> -Sir <span class="smcap">Peter Coats</span>, Scotland.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Henry Allon</span>, D. D., London, Eng.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Wm. E. Whiting</span>, Esq., N. Y.<br /> -<span class="smcap">J. M. Pinkerton</span>, Esq., Mass.<br /> -<span class="smcap">E. A. Graves</span>, Esq., N. J.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">F. A. Noble</span>, D. D., Ill.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Daniel Hand</span>, Esq., Ct.<br /> -<span class="smcap">A. L. Williston</span>, Esq., Mass.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">A. F. Beard</span>, D. D., N. Y.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Frederick Billings</span>, Esq., Vt.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Joseph Carpenter</span>, Esq., R. I.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">E. P. Goodwin</span>, D. D., Ill.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">C. L. Goodell</span>, D. D., Mo.<br /> -<span class="smcap">J. W. Scoville</span>, Esq., Ill.<br /> -<span class="smcap">E. W. Blatchford</span>, Esq., Ill.<br /> -<span class="smcap">C. D. Talcott</span>, Esq., Ct.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">John K. Mclean</span>, D. D., Cal.<br /> -Rev. <span class="smcap">Richard Cordley</span>, D. D., Kansas.<br /> -</td></tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p class="position">CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.</p> - -<p class="center medium"><span class="smcap">Rev.</span> M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., <i>56 Reade Street, N. Y.</i></p> - - -<p class="position">DISTRICT SECRETARIES.</p> - -<div class="center medium"> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> C. L. WOODWORTH, <i>Boston</i>.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> G. D. PIKE, <i>New York</i>.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> JAS. POWELL, <i>Chicago</i>.<br /> - <br /> - H. W. HUBBARD, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span>, <i>Treasurer, N. Y.</i><br /> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> M. E. STRIEBY, <i>Recording Secretary</i>.<br /> -</div> - - -<p class="position">EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.</p> - -<table class="medium"><tr> -<td class="tdpr"> - <span class="smcap">Alonzo S. Ball</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">A. S. Barnes</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Geo. M. Boynton</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Wm. B. Brown</span>, -</td> -<td class="tdpr"> - <span class="smcap">C. T. Christensen</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Clinton B. Fisk</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Addison P. Foster</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">S. B. Halliday</span>, -</td> -<td class="tdpr"> - <span class="smcap">Samuel Holmes</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Charles A. Hull</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Edgar Ketchum</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Chas. L. Mead</span>, -</td> -<td> - <span class="smcap">Wm. T. Pratt</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">J. A. Shoudy</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">John H. Washburn</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">G. B. Wilcox</span>. -</td> -</tr></table> - - -<p class="center p1 small">COMMUNICATIONS</p> - -<p>relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to -the Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting -fields to the District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the -“American Missionary,” to Rev. Geo. M. Boynton, at the New York -Office.</p> - -<p class="center p1 small">DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS</p> - -<p>may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New -York, or when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, -21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington -Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time -constitutes a Life Member.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span></p> -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="article"> -<p class="center">THE</p> - -<p class="center xxlarge">AMERICAN MISSIONARY.</p> - -<hr class="full top" /> - -<div> -<div class="third" style="padding-left: 2%"><span class="smcap">Vol. XXXIII.</span></div> -<div class="third center">DECEMBER, 1879.</div> -<div class="third right">No. 12.</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full bottom" /> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>American Missionary Association.</b></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>It is a real source of regret to us that all our news from the -field must be omitted for this month. Next month we shall be -flooded with good tidings, we hope, from all quarters.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Friends sending us remittances will please address H. W. Hubbard, -Esq., Treasurer, he having been promoted from the Assistant and -Acting Treasurership on the retirement of Edgar Ketchum, Esq. Mr. -Ketchum still remains on the Executive Committee.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>By a mistake at the Chicago newspaper offices, the name of -Mr. Samuel Holmes was omitted from the list of our Executive -Committee as printed by them, and that of Mr. Andrew Lester -retained. The facts are just the other way. Mr. Lester having -resigned, was made a Vice-President, and Mr. Holmes is still a -member of the Committee.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Missionary</span> is this month devoted to the reproduction -of the Annual Meeting. We wish all our readers could have been -there to learn of our work, our situation and our prospects, and -to gain those enlarged views of the duty and the opportunity -which lie before us in all directions. This grouping of -proceedings and papers is the best substitute we can offer.</p> - -<p>We print the annual survey of the Executive Committee nearly in -full, rather than in abstract, as heretofore, as giving that -general view of the work, without which it cannot be appreciated -in its extent and variety. Instead of covering several pages with -the formal minutes of the Annual Meeting, we condense them into a -shorter compass, as giving equal information in a more readable -form. The Annual Report, when published in full, will, of course, -contain these as well as the reports of the Committees in detail. -We have maintained our general division of the field, prefixing -the reports of the several committees to the papers and addresses -on the cognate subjects, by this classification making the whole -more valuable for reference and use. We thus propose to send the -annual meeting to those who could not go to it, regretting still -that the enthusiasms and impressions of a great assembly cannot -be transmitted by types and ink.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span></p> - -<p>We regret the necessity which has compelled us to abridge -somewhat almost all the reports and papers following, but the -limits of a double number are easily reached with so much -material at hand. We have omitted entirely the valuable paper by -General Leake, on “Protection of Law for the Indians,” because -it has been printed in full in both the <cite>Inter-Ocean</cite> and the -<cite>Advance</cite>, and because it is so long and yet so compact that it -cannot be condensed. It is well worth most careful study.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>We are under obligations to our denominational newspapers for -their full and faithful reports of our meeting. The <cite>Advance</cite>, in -its regular edition and in an extra, gave full copies of the most -important documents and papers read, for which we have secured -a wide circulation; while the <cite>Congregationalist</cite>, through its -editorial correspondent, devoted a large part of its first page -to the report of the meeting, printed the larger part of the -annual report on its third page, and in its leading editorial -spoke good words of commendation for the Association, and of -exhortation to its friends.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>THE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK.</h3> - -<p>Our work has, in the successful termination of the year, reached -an important crisis. We should be sorry to have any one think, -because the debt and the expenses of the year have been met, -that we are, therefore, about to retire from business and rest -from our labors. On the other hand, we are just ready to go -to work. It has taken a good share of our strength to carry -this back-load; and we have been crippled at the front by the -insufficiency of the buildings for our largest institutions. We -have been walking as men walk on the ice, holding back lest we -should venture too far and make some bad slip.</p> - -<p>But that is all, we trust, of the past. God has been good to us. -We have prayed for deliverance and we have worked to be free, and -prayers and alms have come up together before God, and prayer is -always effectual when accompanied with such proofs of sincerity. -Now we are free to work. Our feet are on the solid rock of -solvency. The Lord has established our goings. The way is open -before us and the work lies ready to our hand. Our schools in -the South of all grades are opening this year fuller than ever. -Several churches are waiting to be recognized and put upon the -pilgrim foundation. The completion of the new building in Austin, -Texas, and of the four we hope soon to build at other points, -will give increased and much needed accommodations. Those who met -at Chicago urged us to enlarge the missionary schools among the -Chinese on the Pacific Coast; and the new departure in attempting -the education of Indian youths at our negro schools offers us -opportunities of more permanent influence in that direction than -we can hope for in any other way, while the tribes are subject -to be moved at will from one reservation to another. The African -Missions, new and old, are both calling upon us for attention and -expense.</p> - -<p>What is the financial outlook for all this? Shall we be able to -meet these various calls with anything like adequate efficiency? -We answer, with a look of inquiry, Friends, it depends on you. -But our expression of inquiry turns to one of confidence as we -remember what you have done. We expect to do this larger work; -for evidently God calls us to it, and His friends have never -failed us yet.</p> - -<p>We are encouraged, too, by the beginnings of the year. Our -receipts for the month of October and the beginning of November -are larger than a year ago. But, do not forget, they need to be -so all through the year. We will be as wise<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span> and saving in the -expenditure as we can; but we can be far more wisely economical -on an income which is reasonably adequate to the needs of the -work, than on a very scanty one. “The destruction of the poor is -their poverty,” says the wise man. Keep us in mind then and in -heart, we pray you, that we may all realize that God has brought -us out into this liberty that we may serve Him and our generation -better.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.</h3> - -<p>The meeting place was the spacious First Congregational Church -of Chicago. At 3 p. m. of Tuesday, October 28th, President Tobey -assumed the chair, and Dr. W. H. Bidwell, of New York, conducted -the opening devotional services. Rev. J. G. Merrill, of Iowa, and -Rev. George C. Adams, of Illinois, were elected Secretaries.</p> - -<p>The Annual Report was read by Rev. George M. Boynton, and the -Treasurer’s Report by H. W. Hubbard, Esq. In grateful response to -their cheering character the congregation rising sang, “Praise -God, from whom all blessings flow.” The hour following was -observed as a concert of prayer with the pastors and teachers in -the Southern field.</p> - -<p>In the evening Dr. R. S. Storrs, of New York, preached a grand -discourse from Psalm cxviii. 23, “This is the Lord’s doing; it is -marvelous in our eyes.” President Strong, of Minnesota, and Dr. -Robbins, of Iowa, conducted the other services.</p> - -<p>During the evening the following greeting was received by -telegram and read by Secretary Strieby: “The Prudential Committee -and the Executive Officers of the A. B. C. F. M. congratulate the -A. M. A. upon the successful termination of their year’s labor, -and bid them God-speed in their work for the coming year.”</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Alpheus Hardy</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> - -<p>On the next morning <a id="err1"></a>the following response was adopted by a -rising vote: “The A. M. A., assembled at its thirty-third -anniversary, receive with grateful appreciation the -congratulations of the Prudential Committee and Executive -Officers of the venerable American Board, and with thanks to God -for the recent enlargement granted to the Board, pray for the -continued Divine blessing on its glorious and expanding work.”</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">M. E. Strieby</span>, <i>Secretary</i>.</p> - -<p>Dr. Goodwin, of Chicago, then led in an earnest prayer for the -blessing of God upon the two societies and their common work.</p> - -<p>Tuesday evening Secretary Strieby read a paper entitled -“Providential Calls,” and President Merrell, of Wisconsin, -on “The Providential Significance of the Negro in the United -States.” These will be found in this <span class="smcap">Missionary</span>. Field -Superintendent Roy gave “A Field View of the Work.” Rev. J. -H. Twichell, of Connecticut, read a paper on “The Relations -of America and China,” of which we reprint a portion. In the -afternoon a paper on “The Necessity of the Protection of Law for -the Indians” was read by Gen. J. B. Leake, of Illinois. These -papers were referred each to the committee having charge of the -cognate subject.</p> - -<p>The Finance Committee reported through Mr. J. W. Scoville, -approving the management of the Association and calling upon the -churches to increase their contributions to its treasury, so that -now freed from debt it might do a greater and a better work. The -report was followed by remarks from Hon. E. S. Hastings, Geo. -Bushnell, D. D., and Hon. E. D. Holton, of Wisconsin.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span></p> - -<p>Rev. Henry A. Stimson reported for the Committee on Indian -Missions, and followed the report with an able address, giving -a sketch of the causes of the various Indian wars. An animated -discussion followed.</p> - -<p>Rev. C. H. Richards read the report of the Committee on Church -Work, and was followed by District Secretary Woodworth and others.</p> - -<p>The Committee on Educational Work reported through its chairman, -Prest. A. L. Chapin, of Wis., followed by Professors Willcox and -Chase, and Rev. Messrs. Bray, Boynton and Foster.</p> - -<p>Rev. A. H. Ross, of Mich., reported for the Committee on Chinese -Missions, following the report with a brief address, and followed -by Rev. Mark Williams, of China, Jee Gam and others.</p> - -<p>Dr. Dana, of Minn., reported on African Missions for the -Committee. He also, District Secretary Pike, and Dr. E. P. -Goodwin, made addresses.</p> - -<p>For these reports in full or in part we refer to the following -pages; and for the officers elected for the coming year, to the -inside of the first cover.</p> - -<p>The morning prayer meetings were led by Rev. James Brand, of -Ohio, and M. M. G. Dana, D. D., of Minn. The Lord’s Supper was -administered on Thursday afternoon by F. Bascom, D. D., of Ill., -and Rev. Thomas Jones, of Mich. At this service a contribution -was taken, amounting to $437.46, for the Trinity School at -Athens, Ala., for which a special plea had been made in the -morning.</p> - -<p>President Fairchild and Col. C. G. Hammond presided at the -morning and afternoon sessions of Thursday respectively.</p> - -<p>A most interesting meeting was held on Wednesday evening, when, -after prayer by Dr. Geo. N. Boardman, of Illinois, addresses -were made by Jee Gam, a converted Chinaman, and now one of our -teachers in Oakland, Cal.; by Big Elk, a converted Indian, from -the Omaha Reservation, who was accompanied by Rev. Mr. Dorsey, -who acted as his interpreter, and by Rev. James Saunders, a negro -minister. These three told the story of their own religious -experiences and life. Prest. Alexander, of La., and Dr. Roy, of -Ga., followed, and pointed the illustration of this one humanity -and one Gospel.</p> - -<p>Thursday evening the closing session was held, at which Mr. M. -H. Crogman, a graduate of Atlanta, and now Professor in the -Methodist school at Nashville, Tenn., made an address which, by -the vigor of its thought and the eloquence of its expression, -was a sufficient illustration of the capacities of his race. -President Tobey and F. A. Noble, D. D., also addressed the -meeting. Resolutions of thanks to the First Church and its -pastor, the people and press of Chicago, and the railroads which -had given especial facilities, were passed. A few last words from -Dr. Goodwin, and the benediction from Dr. Savage, of Chicago, and -the Association adjourned for another year.</p> - -<p>It would not be right to omit the notice of the Ladies’ Meeting -held in the church parlors on Wednesday afternoon. Mrs. E. W. -Blatchford presided, and the large assembly was addressed by Mrs. -Prof. Spence, of Fisk University, and Misses Parmelee and Milton, -teachers at Memphis, Tenn.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>GENERAL SURVEY.</h3> - -<p class="center"><b>From the Annual Report of the Executive Committee.</b></p> - - -<p>The report opens with brief obituary notices of Rev. Simeon S. -Jocelyn, a Secretary of the Society for many years and more -lately a member of the Committee; and of Rev. William Patton, D. -D., and Rev. George Thacher, D. D.,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span> Vice-Presidents; of Miss -Laura S. Cary and Mrs. Anna M. Peebles, valued teachers, and Miss -Rebecca Tyler Bacon, associated with Hampton in its early days, -who have also died during the year. These may be found in full in -the forthcoming Annual Report volume.</p> - - -<h4>THE FREEDMEN.</h4> - -<p>The varying fortunes of the Freedmen through the year have added -another illustration to the many which combine to show that an -uneducated mass of men is always an uncertain quantity in the -national problem. That these once slaves in the South have been -wronged and abused there can be no doubt. Advantage has been -taken of their ignorance in contracts for labor, and in the -manner of their pay. They have been misled and intimidated in the -attempt to exercise their right of franchise. It would be useless -to deny the facts. The thousands who have left their homes and -associations in Mississippi and Louisiana for the chances of new -settlement in Kansas, are witnesses as powerful in their silence -as in their speech. They have not gone for nothing.</p> - -<p>We have no apology to offer for those who have made it impossible -for them to remain in peace, and who have sought by force to keep -them from departing. But, on the other hand, it becomes us to -remember that these evils spring not so much from local as from -general causes. The same wrongs are perpetrated and endured, -to some extent, wherever there are similar states of society. -Ignorance is always at a disadvantage, whether it wants to work -or to vote. It is always in bonds to some power and will beyond -its own. New York, and perhaps even Chicago, knows something -of abused labor and a controlled vote. The local causes which -increase the evil may need thorough treatment, but that is not -ours either to prescribe or to administer. It is the general -cause which we may consider, and to which we are directing all -our energies—not to the restraint or punishment of those who do -the wrong, but to the removal of the ignorance which gives such -large occasion for the wrong.</p> - -<p>For our work is foundational and steady. Amid all social and -political changes the need for it remains unchanged. We are not -engaged in pulling up the shallow roots of weeds, nor in planting -flower-beds with annuals, but in sub-soiling our Southern fields, -and so preparing the ground for crops of better quality from -year to year. The only permanent guarantee against the abuse of -any race or class, either North or South, is the diffusion of -Christian intelligence among the abused, and of the spirit of -Christian love among those who abuse them. This is our work.</p> - -<p>We have no word of criticism for those who have chosen to remove -to another State. Liberty of emigration is one of the most -unquestionable rights of freemen. But there is no charm in the -name of Kansas which will make the ignorant or the timid either -wise or brave. Let the masses of the colored race be once armed -with intelligence, and they can stay or go with equal impunity. -Without it they will be anywhere at the mercy of either force or -fraud.</p> - -<p>Nor is the work of the Association to be limited by any local -changes among the Freedmen. The removal of seven thousand men, -women and children from so vast a population leaves no noticeable -void; nor, even if the proportions of this exodus shall reach -the highest numbers at which it has been estimated, will it -perceptibly diminish the millions of a race which is year by year -increasing in numbers and in thrift.</p> - -<p>The only plea which these facts make to us is, that we redouble -our efforts to forge for them the armor which alone can be their -complete defence.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span></p> - -<p>The Association has not, therefore, felt itself called upon to -divert its efforts to the field thus newly occupied. If, as the -outcome of this movement, there shall be permanent and large -settlements of the colored people in new localities, it may -become needful for us carefully to consider the claim which they -may make on us for such service as we are trying to render their -brethren in the South.</p> - -<p>We have cheerfully forwarded such gifts of money and clothing -as have been entrusted to us to local agencies, in which we had -reason to have the greatest confidence, for the relief of the -present distress, and have kept ourselves to our main work.</p> - - -<h5>EDUCATIONAL WORK.</h5> - -<p>Our <em>eight chartered institutions</em>, in the eight leading States -of the South, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, -Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, have continued to do thorough -and faithful work. One has been added to the number of our normal -schools, making twelve in all. Twenty-four common schools have -been aided—six more than the previous year. The total number of -schools of all grades has been 44.</p> - -<p>We have had in all 190 teachers in the field; of these 10 have -also fulfilled the duties of matrons, 6 have been connected with -the business department, and 11 have been pastors of churches, -but all have been actively engaged in teaching.</p> - -<p>The total number of pupils has been 7,207—almost exactly the -number reported a year ago. These have been distributed as -follows: Primary, 2,739; Intermediate, 1,495; Grammar, 633; -Normal, 2,022; Collegiate Preparatory, 169; Collegiate, 63; Law, -28; Theological, 86. This shows an increase in the professional -schools, a decrease in the collegiate, and over 500 more in the -normal department than last year.</p> - -<p>The reports of the <em>quality of the work</em> thus accomplished have -been most encouraging. Greater regularity of attendance has -been attained than ever before, and the ambition to keep up -with the classes entered has been marked. The same persistence -in overcoming obstacles to entrance arising from poverty and -distance from the schools which marked previous years, has been -no less conspicuous during that just passed. The range of study -and instruction has been much the same as heretofore. The work -of the class-rooms has been too good to need to be materially -altered.</p> - -<p>The <em>industrial and practical training</em> has been that in which -there has been the most marked improvement and expansion. How to -work is quite as important a branch of knowledge for the colored -boys and girls as how to teach. Indeed, that they maybe able -to teach others how to work is a large part of their vocation. -How to behave themselves on the farm, in the shop, in the -work-room, sick-room and the kitchen, is as needful for them to -know as how to behave themselves in the school-room and in the -church of God. This training is receiving more and more wise and -thorough attention, and we are sending out young men and young -women better and better fitted to be the teachers and leaders of -society, as well as of the school.</p> - -<p>Our schools and teachers have been evidently <em>growing in favor -and esteem</em>, both with the colored and white people of the South. -A most noticeable instance of the attachment of the colored -population to the schools, and their appreciation of their value, -was given very recently at Athens, Alabama. It became necessary -to give up the school at that place, or to rebuild at an expense -of not less than $5,000, which latter it was deemed impossible -to do. Word to that effect was sent to Athens. The grief of the -people was intense. It did not, however, expend itself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span> in tears, -but became motive power. They offered themselves to erect the -needful building, pledged over $2,000 at once, and by gifts of -labor and material provided fully for it, and are at work upon it -now. They propose to make brick sufficient for its completion, -and a surplus to exchange for the lumber which will be required. -They are all at it. A blind man, who can do nothing else, offered -to turn the crank to draw the water. Whether they will be able, -in their extreme poverty, to accomplish all they have undertaken, -yet remains to be seen; but such zeal in a good thing is surely -worthy of special notice. When the colored people attempt to -co-operate with us to such an extent, we cannot desert them. The -school will go on.</p> - -<p>During this year it appeared to the Committee that a sufficient -fund had been accumulated to warrant at least a beginning of the -permanent building for the Tillotson Normal Institute, in Austin, -Texas. The foundation is already laid, and the contract drawn for -the enclosure of the building. This great State, with its rapidly -increasing population of colored people, and its insufficient -provision for their education, demands the earliest possible -completion of this building, and the equipment of the institution -for efficient work.</p> - -<p>With the four <em>buildings</em> completed the previous year at Mobile, -New Orleans, Macon and Savannah, we are now in possession of -better and more permanent equipment for our school work than -ever before. But it is yet quite insufficient for its pressing -need, which is most felt in the necessity of enlarged provision -for boarding pupils, for it is, after all, in those who are -thus brought under the continuous influence of their teachers, -and away from the debasing surroundings of cabin life, that the -best results of mental and religious training are realized. The -call for such relief has been continuous and increasing in its -urgency; but we have been obliged almost to deny it a hearing in -the poverty and pressure of these past years.</p> - -<p>The near future will, however, we trust, do much to relieve this -long-felt want, through the generous gift to the Association of -$150,000 by Mrs. Daniel P. Stone, of Malden, Mass., from the -estate of her late husband, of which, though it is not yet in -our possession, we have been fully assured. In accordance with -the expressed wish of the donor, this money is to be used in -the erection of buildings at Nashville, Atlanta, New Orleans -and Talladega. These buildings will largely increase the -accommodations of these institutions for the class of pupils -which has been named, and will greatly diminish the percentage of -expense for their education, as but few additions to the corps of -teachers already in the work will be required. In these normal -and collegiate institutions it is the variety of studies rather -than the number of students to which the teaching force must be -adapted. We may add fifty per cent. to the number of pupils, -and need to add only five per cent., perhaps, to the number of -teachers. There can be no more acceptable gift than that of these -new buildings for well-established schools—none which will so -add to their effectiveness.</p> - -<p>A few school <em>buildings</em> belonging to the Association have been, -of late years, <em>rented to local school boards</em>, in cases where -greater good could be accomplished for those for whose use they -were intended than by retaining them in our hands. It has been -a saving to our treasury, a widening of their usefulness, and a -bond of fraternity between the friends of education North and -South.</p> - -<p>We may only, in passing, refer to the beginning in the -accumulation of valuable <em>libraries</em> made in some of our -institutions. There is yet room for much needed enlargement of -this important branch of our educational service. - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span></p> - -<p>Two things yet remain to be done that our schools may be -placed upon a permanent and satisfactory basis, and these are -adequate <a id="err2"></a>provision for the maintenance of professorships and -of scholarships. We have been compelled to confine ourselves -chiefly to making appropriations for the salaries of teachers, -simply because without them there could be no schools at all. -This was the one thing indispensable from the very start. But, -increasingly, the need of <em>student aid</em> makes itself manifest. -Gifts have been secured from churches, Sunday-schools and -individuals for this purpose, and more money must be raised from -similar sources. Yet it is evident that this must not be taken -from the fund by which the teachers are sustained. That would be -to increase the number of applicants, and, at the same time, to -close the doors at which they seek admission. We must not try -to lengthen the skirts of our coats by cutting them off at the -shoulders; they will fall off from us altogether if we do that. -This is our problem: both to maintain our teachers and to support -more students. It cannot be solved by any process of subtraction. -Can it be done in any other way than by addition to our income? -And it must be done, if we are to make our work tell as it ought -upon the vast negro population of the South. To overcome the -obstacles which stand at every step in the way of attaining the -thorough education needed by those who are to be the leaders -of their people, demands a power of will and an energy of -perseverance such as few individuals of any race possess, unless -they are assisted all along the way.</p> - -<p>The origin and surroundings of these colored students must -be continually borne in mind. They have nothing to help them -in the homes from which they came; nothing to help them in -the prevailing sentiment of the white people toward them; the -fewest possible openings for such remunerative labor as is -ready for white students in similar conditions, and checks on -their ambition of every sort. Nor is it strange that they lack -that stamina which generations of culture and self-restraint -impart. Their help, both moral and material, must come from us, -and those who, like us, believe that they can be and should be -thoroughly trained before they are sent forth to lay foundations -for the upbuilding of their race. Student aid must be freely -and systematically given, or our higher schools will accomplish -their beneficent design at great disadvantage, and only to a very -limited extent.</p> - -<p>But the glory of our schools and colleges is more than in all -else in their <em>religious character and influence</em>—that they -are Christian schools and missionary colleges. Indeed, they are -so completely at one with the church work that it is difficult -to draw a line between the two departments, and to tell where -the one ends and the other begins. A few particulars may best -illustrate the influence of faithful Christian instruction and -example. Of 52 graduates of Atlanta, 50 at graduation were -professing Christians, and none have fallen away. Later we hear, -“All the members of the classes to be graduated now profess to -be Christians.” A revival is reported during the year, and not -less than 30 conversions. Fisk reports several additions to the -College church at every communion, and as many more of those -converted there to other churches. At Talladega we hear of “a -precious work of grace; 37 were received into the church. All -but two of the girls, and all but four of the 45 young men, who -are boarding scholars, are professing Christians.” The pastor at -Hampton writes: “Nowhere can teachers be found more earnestly -evangelical, laboring often beyond their strength to bring souls -to Christ. 11 of the Indian students were, in March, received -into the College church.” At Berea, the graduates of this year -are all professing Christians.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span> These are examples of the good -accomplished and reported. In several of the lower schools, also, -we hear of many being brought to Christ.</p> - -<p>Nor are these Christian students idle in the Master’s vineyard. -They go out to <em>their school work</em> in vacation time, and have -learned as they go to preach. The help which was given, the -previous year, to lengthen the short terms of a few common -schools, thus furnishing employment for our <em>student teachers</em>, -was thought to be fruitful of good results by our best and most -experienced instructors. It has been deemed wise to somewhat -enlarge the work in that direction.</p> - -<p>108 teachers from Fisk, in 1877, taught 9,332 pupils. Over 10,000 -pupils, during the year 1878, are estimated to have been taught -by those educated at Atlanta. On this basis, we feel justified -in estimating that at least 150,000 pupils have been reached -by our present and former students during the year. They also -go out to do Sunday-school and missionary work on the Lord’s -day. Talladega reached 1,200 Sunday-school scholars through its -students during the last year, and in all the years some 20,000. -A high educational official testifies that the students of -Tougaloo “almost invariably start Sunday-schools as soon as they -open their day-schools.” So the seed is sown not by the way-side, -nor on the rock, nor among the thorns, but where it “also beareth -fruit and bringeth forth, some an hundred-fold, some sixty, some -thirty.”</p> - -<p>A few words, by way of bridging over to our church work, as to -our <em>Theological Departments</em>. They are four—at Nashville, -Talladega and New Orleans, which are ours altogether, and at -Washington, where we continue to share the support of the -Theological Department of Howard University with the Presbytery -of that city. There are 86 students in these schools, of which -number nearly one-half are at Howard University. They are sending -out ministers, well trained both intellectually and spiritually, -into our churches and those of other denominations.</p> - -<h5>THE CHURCH WORK.</h5> - -<p>The present <em>number of churches</em> in connection with the -Association is sixty-seven. These are supplied with pastors, -some of them white ministers of experience and culture, who, -for health’s sake, are glad to be in the South; others, young -and earnest men, who prefer to devote themselves to work among -the lowly; others still are colored men, who have been educated -in our own or similar institutions, and who are doing good work -among their own people. Some of these are also principals or -teachers in the schools, thus doing double duty.</p> - -<p>The number of church members is 4,600, of whom 745 have been -added during the year. This work has been under the supervision -of Dr. Roy. It has been a time for making acquaintance with -the men and the field, but his first visits have been full of -service in quickening and counselling those on the ground, and in -correspondence with the administrative force at home.</p> - -<p>Three <em>new churches</em> have been established during the year—at -Shelby Iron Works, Ala., at Cypress Slash, Ga., and at Flatonia, -Texas.</p> - -<p>After a careful survey of the material and opportunity, we are -neither prepared to rush in and organize new churches wherever -it may be possible, nor to abandon the field as unfitted to our -polity. We could probably buy up a hundred churches within a -year at $100 apiece, and then should be worse off than when we -began, loaded down with useless burdens. There is nothing in the -nature of the South or in the character of the negro by which -the people of that region or that race are unfitted to be good -Congregationalists. It only demands intelligence and the power -of self-control. Where these have been developed by Christian<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span> -education there is readiness and preparation enough. Hitherto -our churches have flourished under the shadow of our schools -and of their graduates. But as the sun goes toward the west -the shadow broadens, and the field for churches of our order -is enlarged. There are some half dozen localities now waiting -and ready to organize Congregational churches, to which our -Field Superintendent will give early attention and assistance. -Discriminating and timely help at such points will accomplish far -more in the end than rapid and ill-considered assistance. Too -many churches, both North and South, die early, because born too -soon. We design and purpose to extend this work as fast, and only -as fast, as we may do it with the hope of permanent results.</p> - -<p>A goodly number of these churches report <em>religious interest</em> -during the year, and, indeed, some of them are engaged in seasons -of special effort and ingathering at this time; for in the -South—strange as it may seem to us—the summer gives an interval -from farm work which is often and successfully devoted to special -Christian effort. A letter just received informs us of such a -series of meetings in one of our churches in North Carolina, -with a congregation of 200, who bring their lunch and stay from -morning till afternoon, and often till the evening service too.</p> - -<p>The impression made by these churches upon ministers who went -among them for the first time last winter was very noticeable, -and their testimony agrees as to the decorum, as well as fervor, -of their colored congregations. Nor are they without the witness -to their progress, which is indicated by efforts looking toward -their <em>self-support</em> and a participation in the general work of -missions. These all have <em>Sunday-schools</em> connected with them, -in which are gathered 6,219 scholars, besides which some of our -teachers are engaged in Sunday-schools connected with other -Christian churches. The cause of <em>temperance</em> receives constant -attention in both schools and churches. Juvenile and adult -organizations are found in nearly all of them, and the young men -and women go out pledged, not only to abstain themselves, but to -make it part of their mission to persuade others to follow their -example in this respect.</p> - -<p>To the six <em>Conferences</em> into which our churches were organized -one has been added during the past year—that of North Carolina. -The Georgia Conference takes the place of that of South-eastern -Georgia. The Congregationalism of the South is thus fully -associated. The meetings of these bodies are full of interest. -Their discussions are practical and admirably sustained. Their -fellowship is cordial and Christian, and their spiritual power is -in some cases remarkable. The South-western Conference, this year -held at New Iberia, La., was signalized by the quickening and -reviving of the churches represented, and by the conversion of -fifty souls.</p> - -<p><em>Councils</em> are called for ordination of pastors from time to -time, and in all customary ways the churches mutually advise and -help each other.</p> - -<p>We should be greatly remiss did we not call attention also to the -work done in the homes of the colored people by <em>devout women -who have given themselves to this missionary work</em>. The need -of such work can easily be imagined, but cannot be appreciated -fully without a knowledge of the facts. At Memphis, Tenn., -Atlanta, Ga., Miller’s Station, Ga., Charleston, S. C., etc., -faithful visitations have been made from house to house, and -Bible-reading, cottage prayer-meetings, practical instruction, -and occasional temporal relief, have been administered by lady -missionaries, while many of our lady teachers have cheerfully -engaged in similar work, so far as their engagements would allow. -No general organization of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span> Northern women has been attempted in -this behalf, but of their own motion circles have been formed at -Detroit, Mich., Waukegan, Ill., Oberlin, Ohio, and other points, -whose object it has been to provide the expenses for these -messengers of mercy. The work, though limited in its extent, has -been fruitful of good results.</p> - -<p>Before leaving this hurried review of the Southern field, we are -happy to say that our corps of workers, as a whole, has never -been more admirably efficient than now. There are fewer changes -in the force from year to year than formerly, and those who have -just gone for the first time into these schools and churches are -men and women of superior intelligence and character. We look for -grand work and great results, through God’s blessing on their -labors in the coming year.</p> - - -<h4>AFRICA.</h4> - -<p>About the beginning of the current year, the Rev. Floyd Snelson, -who was at the head of the <em>Mendi Mission</em>, was obliged to -return to this country on account of the health of his wife. -We greatly deplored his loss, as we trusted much to his wisdom -and experience for a wise administration of our work in that -far land. To Rev. A. P. Miller were committed the position and -responsibilities thus vacated. He, with Rev. A. E. Jackson, -and their wives, Dr. James and Mr. White, constituted then our -missionary band.</p> - -<p>On the 13th of February, Elmore L. Anthony was sent, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">via</i> -Liberia, to join them. His various experiences as a slave, a -soldier and a student, had fitted him to take special charge of -the industrial work at Avery, though we believed him to be as -much a missionary in spirit as those who had preceded him. He was -submitted to a severe medical examination, and pronounced sound -in health; for we have concluded that those only of unimpaired -health should be exposed to the debilitating influences of a -tropical climate. He has so far fulfilled all our expectations.</p> - -<p>We have just sent another missionary to the field. Nathaniel -Nurse, a native of Barbadoes, who has resided already in Liberia -five years, and who has been maintained at Fisk University for -the last two years by English and Scotch friends, sailed on the -fourth of this month. He has shown much enterprise in the past, -which we hope will be effectively applied to the missionary work -on the West Coast.</p> - -<p>Our force consists then, at present, of these six men and the -wives of two. The men have endured the climate wonderfully well, -having suffered only temporary disabilities, and having been laid -aside but little from their work. Mrs. Miller and Mrs. Jackson -have not been as well, perhaps, because they were not in as firm -health before leaving this country, but have not been compelled, -as yet, to leave the Mendi coast, even temporarily.</p> - -<p>Last year we had but a single <em>church</em> to report, of 44 members, -at Good Hope Station. Since that time a church has been organized -also at Avery. These two churches now include a membership of 85, -and have 190 Sunday-school scholars in connection with them.</p> - -<p>The <em>school</em> at Good Hope Station has been in a condition -of growing prosperity, and has enrolled during the year 245 -scholars, with an average attendance, as collated from the -monthly returns, of 156. At Avery the school has been small, the -children being frequently diverted by their parents to work of -various kinds. About a dozen children have been taken into the -Mission Home to be educated under permanent Christian influences. -A school has also been sustained at Debia, and a preaching -service. - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span></p> - -<p>The <em>industrial work</em> has been carried on with energy, the mill -and property have been put in better order, some 16 laborers have -been employed in the saw-mill, the coffee plantation is beginning -to be productive, and we trust that this arm of the service will -prove increasingly a means of education to the natives and a help -in the support of the mission.</p> - -<p>Our missionaries have not been content with merely maintaining -the work as they found it, but have been exploring the interior -to study opportunities for its enlargement. They found the people -peaceable and friendly, and open to their approach not only, but -inviting their permanent settlement. It is their plan to use -native Christians for preaching at <em>out-stations</em> as far as they -may be able.</p> - -<p>Our missionaries have had to labor under the disadvantage of a -very limited experience in organizing and carrying on either -church or school work. They all went directly from the college to -the foreign field. They have made fewer mistakes of judgment than -might have been anticipated. We regard this experiment of African -missionaries to Africa as practically solved. Their endurance of -the climate and their general success in the work are evident. -More and more clear to us, from year to year, is the connection -between our work on the American and the African continents.</p> - -<p>And now, while our original mission field is again becoming -fruitful under these new conditions, the question is brought to -us in a way we cannot refuse to consider. Shall we, in addition -to this, undertake a new field upon the other side of the “Dark -Continent”? The generous <em>offer made by Robert Arthington</em>, of -Leeds, England, of £3,000, to this Association, to aid in the -establishment of a mission between the Nile and the Jub, and from -the 10th parallel of north latitude down almost to the equator, -compelled us, early in the year, to examine the field and the -possibility of undertaking it. A large committee, through books -and travellers, made as thorough investigation as was in their -power, and were supported by the Executive Committee, as a whole, -in regarding the proposed location as offering advantages in -accessibility over almost any of the new fields recently opened -in equatorial Africa; but they delayed any distinct acceptance -of the proffer until this fund should be swelled from other -sources to not less than $50,000. In this state of abeyance the -whole matter remained until a very recent date. Dr. O. H. White, -the Secretary of the Freedmen’s Missions Aid Society in Great -Britain, has been sanguine as to the willingness of the English -and Scotch brethren to further aid us in the establishment of -the proposed mission. He has already received contributions to -a considerable amount for this object, and at the last regular -meeting of our Committee, after careful discussion, the following -resolution was unanimously passed:</p> - -<p>“Voted, that on condition of the receipt of £3,000 from Mr. -Robert Arthington, of Leeds, as offered to us by him, for the -establishment of a new mission in Eastern Africa, and of a like -amount from the British public, raised through the efforts of Dr. -O. H. White, the Association pledges itself to devote thereto the -sum of $20,000, and with the blessing of God and the assistance -of the friends of Africa in Great Britain and America, to -undertake permanently to sustain that mission.”</p> - -<p>The Committee were encouraged to take this step by the fact -that the debt of the Association was no more an obstacle, that -several thousand dollars were already in hand from the Avery -estate, bequeathed for this very purpose, and by other, as they -thought, evident leadings of Providence in this direction. And -now if these conditions be met, and this new work at no distant -day be fairly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a></span> entered on, the Mendi Mission on the West, and the -Arthington Mission on the East, will support one another in their -plea to Christian England and America for generous and prayerful -sustentation. Our foreign work will thus be more complete than it -can be with but a single mission, and we shall be able to present -a wide field for the generous devotion and self-consecration of -the sons of Africa now in this land.</p> - -<p>This new field is among the real heathens, unclad, and with -their native barbarism made worse by all the atrocities of a -slave-hunting ground. That evil is, providentially, fast passing -away. During the past year Col. C. G. Gordon has overcome the -mightiest of the slave traders, and his large and desperate -force. When the influence of the Arab invaders is withdrawn, -with their unnatural stimulation of tribal wars and the ready -market they afford for human beings, other of the native kings, -under the influence of even a few Christian men, will follow the -example of Mtesa, who has lately forbidden the sale of slaves in -his dominions under pain of death. So the Lord has set before us -an open door, and no man can shut it. Shall we not go in and set -up our banners in the name of Immanuel?</p> - - -<h4>THE INDIANS.</h4> - -<p>The Indians still remain under the care of the Department of the -Interior. We believe that the Administration earnestly desires -the promotion of their true interests, but the grievous wrongs -under which they have so long suffered still continue to be -visited upon them, and will so long as an impossible policy -is attempted to be carried out by an insufficient force. The -question as to the legal status of the Indian is now before the -courts. Until his rights there, and to hold property by a secure -tenure, are established, he will be exposed to provocations which -we cannot expect him to bear in silence.</p> - -<p>To us was assigned, several years ago, the nomination of six -<em>Indian Agents</em>, who were to report to us as well as to the -United States Government. We trust that this work has been to the -advantage of these tribes, as our agents have, with perhaps a -single exception, maintained good character and reputation amid -all the temptations of that trying life. And yet our relations -to the Department are not what we could wish them to be. In four -of the six agencies where we make nominations, changes have -been made necessary during the past year. In two of them agents -have been appointed by the Department without our nomination or -approval, so that we have no longer any responsibility for the -agencies at Red Lake, Minn., or Green Bay, Wis., nor have we, -under these circumstances, the same motive as at first to secure -good men for these places, when they may be so easily removed, or -our nominations thrown aside for others backed by another kind of -influence.</p> - -<p><em>Our missionary at S’Kokomish</em>, Rev. Myron Eells, is still -patiently pursuing his good work. He is pastor of the church of -23 members, and has three other preaching stations. In these four -the attendance upon public worship is nearly 200; 110 children -are in the Sunday-schools; 128 families are under his pastoral -care. Mr. Eells has travelled among the neighboring people, and -diffused his influence over a wide area.</p> - -<p>A new element in work for the Indians has been the <em>educational -work at Hampton</em>. 77 Indian boys and 9 Indian girls have spent -the year at the Institute, contented and studious, and responding -to patient and skillful teaching with marked and steady progress. -During the summer a number of them gained great credit to -themselves by their good conduct on the farms and in the families -of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a></span> Massachusetts among which they were distributed. It is hoped -that the number of girls allowed to enjoy these privileges may be -considerably increased. Captain Pratt has obtained permission to -do a similar work at Carlisle, Pa.</p> - -<p>The great feature of the advantage in this training is the -continuous influence under which these students are held. It is -indispensable to the best work as Christian educators of those -who are not helped by their home life. Our experience is the same -among the Freedmen, the native Africans and the Indians.</p> - -<p>It may be, in the providence of God, in this direction, that the -Indian work of the Association is to be pursued and enlarged in -the future. The Committee recommend, for the present at least, -co-operation with General Armstrong in the work he has so well -begun in this direction. The result of his experience, thus far, -is his decided conviction that “there is no better way to elevate -the Indians than in negro industrial schools.” An effort in this -direction promises greater results, for the same expenditure of -money, than the attempt to found new missions among the Indians.</p> - - -<h4>THE CHINESE IN AMERICA.</h4> - -<p>The condition and numbers of the Chinese on the Pacific coast, -after all the various agitations of mob, and State, and National -Congress, have not been materially altered. The sand lots have -still echoed with the blasphemies of Kearney and his followers, -and even some of the churches, with scarcely less vigorous -proclamations, that the Chinese must go. California has adopted -a new Constitution, though the question whether its Chinese -provisions are constitutional is yet unanswered. It discourages -immigration, imposes conditions on resident Chinamen, forbids -their employment by any corporation, and requires cities to -remove them beyond their bounds or locate them within prescribed -limits; and, finally, both houses of Congress, yielding to -political pressure, in the presence of the resident Minister of -the Chinese Government, ignored its solemn treaty, and declared -that no ship should bring to this shore more than fifteen Chinese -immigrants at any one time. We have to thank the President of the -United States for the veto which alone prevented this action from -becoming law.</p> - -<p>And yet the Chinaman is, on the Pacific coast, in numbers not -increasing, but not materially diminishing. He does not come, -because he can do better elsewhere. He does not go, because he -has not yet attained the object of his coming. Meanwhile, several -Chinamen have, during the year, been naturalized in other States, -and the force has thus been broken of the decision that, being -neither white nor black, he cannot be allowed to vote.</p> - -<p><em>Our work</em> has not diminished in our twelve schools under the -superintendency of the Rev. Wm. C. Pond. Only three less pupils -(1,489) have been enrolled than the year before. 252 has been -the average attendance all the year through; 21 teachers are now -in the service, including 5 Chinese helpers; 84 gave evidence of -conversion during the year, while 137 have renounced idolatry. -Mr. Pond says: “The total number of whom we have cherished the -hope that they were born of God, from the beginning of our -work until now, cannot be less than 235. The Congregational -Association of Christian Chinese has now 198 members, of whom 44 -were received the past year.”</p> - -<p>We believe that this work, with that of our Presbyterian and -Methodist brethren on the Pacific coast, is both acceptable to -God and approved of men.</p> - - -<h5>FINANCES.</h5> - -<p>We come now to the statement of our financial history and -condition. With profound gratitude to Him to whom the silver and -the gold belong, and with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span> renewed confidence in those to whose -stewardship he has entrusted it, we make this record: (1.) The -expenses of the year have been fully met; (2.) The debt of the -Association is entirely extinguished; (3.) On the 1st of October -the balance in our treasury amounted to $1,475.90.</p> - -<p>It is sixteen years since the Association has been reported free -from debt. The expansion of its work, which the changes effected -by the war imperatively demanded, involved us in these unpaid -obligations, which increased upon us almost yearly until, in -1875, our debt was over $96,000. Then came the turning point. It -was diminished by a little over $3,000 during 1876; in 1877 it -was reduced by about $31,000, to $62,800. Last year $25,000 more -of it was liquidated, leaving, at the beginning of this year, -$37,389.79. And now we are able to say that that whole amount is -paid. $28,808.67 have been sent us for that express purpose. The -balance has come from our general receipts from the living and -the dead. And this has been paid in cash. We began to fear that -our constant plea in this behalf was injuring the support of our -regular work, and last year we set apart, to cover it, a residue -of western lands of sufficient value; but the debt is absolutely -gone now and not balanced against anything, and that property is -free to be converted to other uses.</p> - -<p>The total income of the year has been $215,431.17—nearly $20,000 -more than that of the preceding year. $15,000 of this increase -is, however, from bequests which have amounted to $50,034.16.</p> - -<p>For the ability to make these cheering statements we thank God, -and in the remembrance of His past goodness we take courage. It -looked an almost impossible thing that that great debt of nearly -$100,000 should have disappeared, and that in these “hard times.” -But the way to know the goodness of God is to try some hard thing -in His name. To Him be the praise.</p> - -<p>We would not leave the false impression, however, on the minds of -any, that these years of retrenchment have been easy years for -us, or that the past twelve months have been free from causes for -anxiety. Twice during the year we have been $10,000 behind last -year’s receipts or this year’s needs. We were greatly perplexed -in our unwillingness to increase the old debt or to incur a new -one, when, in one case, a large gift, and in the other a large -legacy, lifted us over the shallows and enabled us to set sail -again rejoicing.</p> - - -<h4>CONCLUSION.</h4> - -<p>And now what is the significance of our present condition? We are -out of debt. We have the promise of a far better equipment for -our work in the way of buildings. The Mendi Mission is fairly -manned, and, we trust, on the way to a new and wide usefulness. -The Freedmen call for all the aid we can supply. All motives of -love for self, for country and for God conspire to urge us to -increase our efforts for their Christian education. Africa is -stretching out its right hand now, as well as the left, which we -have been trying so long to fill, and Christian England comes to -help us answer the plea. It has been demonstrated at length that -our Southern schools may help to solve the Indian as well as the -Negro problem, and the Chinaman is yet at our western gate.</p> - -<p>Is not the voice of God to us like that He spoke through Moses to -those who had just escaped the taskmasters of Egypt?—<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a></span>“Speak to -the children of Israel, that they go forward.”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div> -<h3>REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>The Committee on Finance, to whom was referred the financial -statement of the Association for the fiscal year ending September -30, 1879, as presented by the Treasurer, beg leave to report -that, in the discharge of the duty assigned to them, your -committee have carefully examined the accounts of the Treasurer, -including a detailed statement of receipts and disbursements, -also a statement of endowments and a full list of all the -property owned by the Association, the correctness of which have -been fully certified to by the Board of Auditors appointed by the -Executive Committee.</p> - -<p>The total receipts of the Association for the year have been -$215,431.17. The cost of collecting, including the salaries -of the District Secretaries and all other expenses connected -with their offices, has been 5-84/100 per cent. of the amount -received. The cost of publication, including the distribution of -25,000 copies per month of the <span class="smcap">American Missionary</span>, has -been 4-13/100 per cent., and the cost of administration 4-97/100 -per cent.</p> - -<p>Your committee are impressed with the care, fidelity and economy -shown in all departments, and can suggest no way of reducing -the percentage of expenses except by enlarged contributions. It -costs just as much time and just as much paper to acknowledge -the receipt of $50 as it does of $100. If the patrons of the -Association will double their contributions they will lessen the -percentage of expenses one-half.</p> - -<p>After long years of struggle the Association is now out of -debt and ready for an advance. The machinery is in order, and -the motive power necessary to keep it in motion is the earnest -prayers of God’s people and a liberal supply of the money -which is so rapidly finding its way to our shores. In view of -the grand work which has been done and the still greater work -to be accomplished, your committee desire to urge upon the -friends of the Association the necessity for a large increase -of contributions the coming year, so that the missionaries and -laborers in this good cause may “go forward.”</p> - - -<div class="third"></div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">Jas. W. Scoville</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Samuel Hastings</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Geo. Bushnell</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Chas. L. Mead</span>,<br /> -</div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">W. G. Hubbard</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Joseph H. Towne</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">W. J. Phelps</span>.<br /> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2><a name="THE_FREEDMEN" id="THE_FREEDMEN"></a>THE FREEDMEN.</h2> - -<p class="center medium">REV. JOS. E. ROY, D. D.,</p> - -<p class="center small">FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, ATLANTA, GA.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>EDUCATIONAL WORK.</h3> - -<p class="center"><b>Report of the Committee on Educational Work in the South.</b></p> - - -<p>After speaking of the importance, the providential and varying -character of the work, the report concludes:</p> - -<p>As now conducted, the agencies of the Association are directly -concerned with all grades of instruction, embracing common day -schools, boarding schools, normal schools, chartered colleges, -theological and other professional schools; blending also with -mental, moral and spiritual culture the teaching of industrial -occupations, and a training in good manners and right behavior -in all relations. It seems best that the work should continue to -have this multifarious character, that it may mold the whole life -of this race as it rises into free manhood and full citizenship, -and bring a positive religious influence to qualify the whole -movement.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span> Nevertheless, it is to be desired and expected that, -in the progress of events, the way will be open for systems of -public instruction to be introduced and maintained at the South -which will provide for the primary education of negroes as well -as white men, and so in time relieve the Association of much of -its elementary work. In this matter our wisdom is to fall in with -the indications of Providence, with no special anxiety either -to hasten or to hinder the steps of the movement, but to do our -utmost to prepare the way for wise and right action when it comes.</p> - -<p>As a missionary society we must for a long time give chief -attention to the education of teachers and preachers for the -colored people. That must be done at the South, for Christianity -and civilization can never be regarded as fully established -among a people till from among themselves, in their own home -country, are drawn out trained teachers, leaders and ministers of -religion. Our normal schools, colleges and theological seminaries -must, therefore, absorb, in large measure, the vigorous efforts -and resources of this Association, that the foundations of these -institutions may be strengthened and their courses of instruction -advanced and improved, and especially that aid maybe judiciously -extended to the young men and women who come out of great poverty -to seek the advantages of these institutions and to offer -themselves for the service of Christ among their own people.</p> - -<p>The report very fitly emphasizes this last-named need, and we do -earnestly commend it to the consideration and timely beneficence -of our churches.</p> - -<p>The report shows unmistakable tokens of the Divine favor to this -department of our work during the last year. Notwithstanding -the pressure of hard times and the embarrassment of debt on -our Association, the work has been steadily maintained, the -number under instruction has been kept up, and in the normal -schools largely increased; the standard of scholarship in the -higher institutions has been advanced; strong testimonials of -appreciation of the quality of the education given from Southern -men of standing and influence, and from Northern visitors, have -been multiplied; and above all, God, by the precious work of -His Spirit on the souls of students in nearly every one of the -institutions under charge of the Association, has owned this -work, and taken it into full identification with the plan of His -redeeming providence. For all this let our devout thanks be given -to Him who permits us to co-operate in His good work of mercy for -a lost world.</p> - -<div> -<p>As we enter on a new year of this missionary labor, the signs -are full of encouragement and hope. The Association is free -from debt, with money in its treasury. A Christian lady has -pledged a large benefaction for providing much needed material -accommodations for this educational work; the rising sentiment -of our nation is demanding new guarantees for the rights of the -oppressed Freedmen; old obstacles to the work are giving way, -and the return of financial prosperity gives promise of larger -means at the disposal of our churches for the Master’s work. May -we not hope, also, that a fresh baptism of the Holy Ghost upon -the churches, upon the executive officers of the Association, -and upon the whole working force of missionaries, teachers and -helpers on the field, may inspire all with a new spirit of holy -consecration, and lead on this educational work in a movement, -fresh and strong, towards the consummation which we seek and -which the Lord designs? For this let us fervently pray.</p> - -<div class="third"></div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">A. L. Chapin</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">G. B. Willcox</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Geo. M. Boynton</span>,<br /> -</div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">Thos. N. Chase</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">J. Brand</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">S. D. Cochran</span>.<br /> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span></p> - -<h3>CHURCH WORK.</h3> - -<p class="center"><b>Report of the Committee on Church Work in the South—Abbreviated.</b></p> - - -<p>The annual report of the condition and work of churches in the -South under the care of this Association gives occasion for -gratitude and encouragement; for, while the numbers in themselves -seem not large, we are to remember that the work is comparatively -a recent one. In 1864 there were but four churches under the -fostering care of this body; in 1869, only twenty-three; while -now they have grown to sixty-seven, with 4,600 members; 745 of -these members were added to the churches during the past year, -and 85 per cent. of the additions were on profession of faith.</p> - -<p>It is much to have 6,219 pupils in Sunday-schools, being drilled -in the first principles of Divine truth and into a better -knowledge that religion must mean righteousness. And when we -remember that the 7,207 scholars in the other schools are all -under positive religious influence of the sort we are accustomed -to, and the 150,000 pupils taught by teachers who have been -trained in the schools of the American Missionary Association are -indirectly receiving something of the same influence, we must -feel that the religious work of this Association in the South is -a large one.</p> - -<p>A thoroughly good work has been done during the year in “edifying -the churches,” building them up into a sturdier virtue, more -rational views, and a more intelligent zeal. They are evidently -growing in the features of a healthy church life. At several -points there has been very encouraging progress in the matter of -self-help, in building churches and supporting the ministry—a -point of prime importance in the development of self-respect and -manly ability. There has been an awakened interest and effort -in the temperance reform, aiding to correct vices which have -been the Freedmen’s besetting sins. There has been a marked -improvement in the homes of the colored people, influenced by the -personal visitation of devout and sympathetic women who have gone -South for this very purpose. Following this hint, it is suggested -by some that perhaps Christian colored women, trained in our -institutions, of tried discretion and tact, maybe found fitted -for a similar work among their own class, and may find a large -usefulness opening to them as city missionaries. These churches, -too, in the expression of fellowship at formal ordinations, and -in the wide-awake meetings of their seven conferences, have -done something to promote that spirit of co-operation which the -colored man needs to learn.</p> - -<p>But while we must give special care to the nurture and training -of these infant churches, and while it were to the last degree -unwise to rush into every opening and organize new churches -indiscriminately at every point where it may easily be done, -it is an important question whether the time has not arrived -when we may wisely do more in this direction than hitherto. We -have fortified our strategic points and entrenched ourselves in -educational fortresses that form a cordon of arsenals all around -the field, to supply material of war. Shall we not now deploy the -troops to feel the way forward, and, pushing out from our base of -supplies, begin to occupy the land?</p> - -<p>A variety of reasons easily suggest themselves for giving greater -prominence to this part of the work. The educational needs of -the colored race seemed to demand it. With unquestionable wisdom -this Association lays chief stress upon its educational work in -the South; but it should not be forgotten that the Church<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span> is -a leading factor in that work. The schools help the churches. -Twenty or more of the churches are in more or less close -connection with the colleges and schools of this society, and -they are among the best and the most flourishing. The more the -negro is educated the better he likes our style of religion, and -the better he makes it work.</p> - -<p>Moreover, the young ministers we are training need them as -fields. And now that we are raising up a conscientious, godly and -well-instructed class of pastors, where shall they find flocks -unless this Association gathers them?</p> - -<p>Again, Dr. Strieby’s admirable paper last year showed that -wherever these churches exist, the thrift and material -prosperity of the colored man is greatly increased. He gains in -self-respect, economy, foresight, patience. He has a better home -and more money, and is every way more of a man. Now thrift is a -potent civilizer, and if we would help the negro in this respect -we can do it largely through the churches.</p> - -<p>It is to such churches, too, that we may look for recruits for -that great missionary work in the dark continent which now -begins to open before the Christian world with such magnificent -opportunity. We look for new Livingstones among our colored -brethren of the South, and there is a call for them. The eyes -of English missionary societies are fixed upon the open door -of Africa, and it seems probable that they will want to send -out and support all the well-qualified colored missionaries we -can furnish. But this cannot be done unless there is a greatly -increased missionary spirit among the colored people themselves; -and to cultivate this missionary spirit we need more churches.</p> - -<p>Nor will it do to excuse ourselves from this work on the plea -that there are other churches in the South to which the negro, by -immemorial traditions and long association, is better accustomed, -and still others which may be at first more attractive to him -than ours. The question is not, what would the untutored negro -prefer, but what will best secure his development and help him to -a nobler life and character. The other method of argument would -surrender him to the Roman Catholics at once.</p> - -<p>As a matter of fact, the introduction of these churches of the -pilgrim sort is found to have worked well in two directions. It -improves our somewhat frigid method to be warmed up with the -African ardor; and it improves the negro to be toned down and -disciplined to self-control by our methods. A sound, healthy -religious life has been developed in many of our churches in ten -years, which could not have been developed in fifty years in -those churches where the ebullient spirit of the negro is allowed -to run to riotous excess unchecked.</p> - -<p>It is a noteworthy fact also that our churches have had a large -influence upon the other churches about them. They have been -recognized as presenting a higher type of piety and character. -Their quiet methods of worship have made the boisterous methods -of their neighbors unfashionable. Their higher moral standards -have been a tonic to the conscience in the others. They have set -the negroes to clamoring for an educated ministry.</p> - -<p>While, then, we would not multiply churches for the mere sake -of multiplying them, we deem the time opportune for laying -new stress upon this part of the work. We would increase our -constituency in the South in Christian churches which shall -share with us in the work of education and in home missionary -endeavor, and in the newly-opening foreign field; and we would -ever remember that to elevate the negro we must keep him in the -glowing presence of the cross, red with the heart’s blood of -Divine love, and of the crown, which may be his as well as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span> his -white brother’s, in that great kingdom where there is neither -white nor black, but where “Christ is all and in all.”</p> - - -<div class="third"></div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">C. H. Richards</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">F. P. Woodbury</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">A. P. Foster</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">F. Bascom</span>,<br /> -</div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">J. F. Dudley</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">D. Peebles</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">U. Thompson</span>.<br /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>PROVIDENTIAL CALLS.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">BY REV. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D.</p> - - -<p>It is just a third of a century since the American Missionary -Association was organized. That period has been crowded with -stirring events, working marked changes at the time in the -opinions and history of mankind, and pregnant with other and -far-reaching consequences. In no respect has this been more true -than in regard to the races for whose benefit the Association was -mainly formed. Thirty-three years ago slavery ruled in America -with the iron hand, and with the purpose and prospect of enlarged -sway; now the slaves are free, and the far-reaching consequences -of that event are but beginning to be realized. Thirty-three -years ago tropical Africa was almost as much unknown as in the -days of Herodotus and Ptolemy; now its great central lakes have -been traced and mapped, the great mystery of the Nile sources -has been solved, and Stanley has traversed the continent from -Zanzibar to the mouth of the Congo. The far-reaching consequences -of these discoveries to commerce and to Christian civilization we -have not yet begun to realize.</p> - -<p>The American Missionary Association was called into existence -to take some humble part in these events. The wisdom of its -existence was recognized at the outset by the few only; by the -many—even of good men—it was regarded with indifference or -hostility. We that took part in those stirring times find it -difficult now to recall their intense earnestness—the inexorable -control exercised by slavery over the pulpit, the press and the -forum, the unbounded anxiety of conservative people to avoid or -to crush the agitation, and their utter impatience with those -who persisted in it. On the 7th of March, 1850, Daniel Webster -made his famous speech in support of the Fugitive Slave Law, and -it is humiliating to recall the fulsome eulogies of that speech -that came from pulpits and theological seminaries, as well as -from politicians and merchants, and it arouses anew a sense of -indignation to think of the intimidation attempted toward those -who opposed that infamous law. But there <em>were</em> men in all the -churches and in both political parties who were fully aroused to -the guilt and danger of slavery—who felt that the hour had come -when, through all opposition and danger, they must press for its -overthrow. Among these persistent agitators were not only such -stalwart leaders as John Quincy Adams and William Lloyd Garrison, -but a large number who may be represented by our late and honored -brother, Rev. Simeon S. Jocelyn, who, though one of the gentlest, -most amiable and most cautious of men, yet possessed a conscience -so unclouded, and a sympathy with the slave so strong, that no -fear of consequences could deter him.</p> - -<p>Such God-fearing men had no commission merely to denounce and -destroy. Their call was to aid in spreading a Gospel untinctured -with the guilt of slavery, polygamy or caste prejudice. They -strove earnestly to induce the most honored and loved of -missionary boards, with which they had heretofore co-operated, to -throw off all responsibility for slavery and its attendant vices. -In this they were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span> unsuccessful, and as they could neither cease -to labor and contribute for missions, nor work with societies -which they believed to be chargeable with that responsibility, -they could do no otherwise than form one that should be free from -it. In this way, and from this motive, the American Missionary -Association came into existence. It was formed in no spirit of -captiousness or fault-finding; not for discussion, but for work -in the Master’s vineyard. Hence it soon established missions -abroad—in Africa, Siam and among the recently emancipated slaves -in the West Indies; at home—among the white population of the -West, the Indians, and, even at that early date, among the -Chinese in California, the refugees from slavery in Canada, and -in the Slave States themselves.</p> - -<p>Among the dark memories of those early days were the infidel -tendencies in the anti-slavery ranks. The reformers were so -goaded by the indifference and opposition of the orthodox -churches that some of them retaliated with bitter denunciations -against Christianity itself. From the outset the American -Missionary Association took decided ground against this tendency -and in favor of evangelical religion, and this not vaguely nor -without temptation to swerve. At the convention in Albany in -which the Association was organized, an influential Unitarian -suggested the probable sympathy and aid of that wealthy -denomination if the platform could be made sufficiently broad and -“liberal” to admit of co-operation. Its response was given in -its constitution, which required “Evangelical sentiments” as a -condition of membership; and that there might be no mistake as to -what it meant by “evangelical,” a star note was appended giving -its explicit definition—a creed as commendable for its brevity -as its sound orthodoxy. The elder Dr. Tyng once said: “I love the -American Missionary Association because it is true to Christ as -well as to the slave.”</p> - -<p>Thus launched, and with this flag at its mast-head, the -Association responded to its first call, and sped on its way, -till from the terrific storm-cloud of war there sounded forth its -second call. That next providential call was to the work among -the Freedmen. It was so recent, and the response is so fresh in -mind, that a brief rehearsal will suffice. Abraham Lincoln voiced -the sentiment of the North when he said that the war was carried -on to save the Union. God revealed His own purpose to be not that -only, but also to free the slave. It was not two months after the -first cannon shot fell on Fort Sumter till the escaping slaves -found their way to Fort Monroe, and the force of circumstances, -in spite of all reluctance, compelled their recognition as free -men. Those escaping fugitives began their march from Egypt to -Canaan. A few scattered bands headed the column, but soon its -numbers swelled till the proclamation of emancipation, like the -words of God to Moses at the banks of the Red Sea, said to four -and a half millions of people, “Go forward.” When the sea opened -to them and closed upon the armies of their oppressors, they -were free; but they were, and are still, in the wilderness. Yet -two lines of spontaneous enthusiasm broke forth—that of the -ex-slaves for learning, and that of the North to supply it.</p> - -<p>In that day there was no longer a question as to the need of -the American Missionary Association, or of the wisdom of its -existence. It was complimented with having “builded wiser than -it knew.” Churches and individuals chose it as their channel for -reaching this new field of patriotic and Christian labor. The -Boston Council of Congregational Churches of 1865 recognized it -as having been providentially raised up for the hour, and voted -a call to the churches to give it $250,000 for the year. The -Association promptly met this new responsibility, and organized -the necessary measures for collecting funds at home and abroad,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span> -and with so much success that when the year was ended its -treasury had received a little more than the great sum named. It -has since moved forward with larger resources and a larger work. -Its income for the fourteen years from its organization till the -war began averaged $40,810.57 per annum; for the fourteen years -since the war, $279,269.18 per annum.</p> - -<p>A third call comes to the Association—the call of this hour. The -early enthusiasm in the Freedmen work subsided. This new call -springs from no sudden revival of that enthusiasm, but rather -from that “sober second thought” that follows the reaction from -it, and which comes from the pressure of hard, stern facts. I -cannot, therefore, explain the present aspect of affairs without -reverting to the cause of that decline of interest. The zeal of -Christian people slackened when they found the work among the -Freedmen could not all be finished in fifteen or twenty years. -This was the general expectation at the outset, strange as it -may seem—nay, amusing, if the mistake were not so serious. The -orthodox and well-ordered Christian man has no doubt of the need -of <em>perpetual</em> help for the West, and he cheerfully aids it -through the accredited channels, the Bible, Tract, Sunday-school, -Education, College and Church Building Societies, and especially -the honored Home Missionary Board; though those Western settlers -have behind them the culture of more than a thousand years, -with the personal education of New England homes, schools and -churches, and also the business training among the shrewd and -thrifty people. But these Negroes, who have behind them only -untold ages of barbarism and oppression, and whose homes are -huts, whose schools are few, whose ministers are ignorant, who -have no capital and no business training—when these people loom -up before this good Christian man, he is amazed and discouraged -if a few years, a few books and a few teachers do not end all -responsibility for them. His creed in regard to them is as brief -as his patience, and may be given in the words of the poet:</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“They need but little here below,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Nor need that little long.”<br /></span> -</div></div> - -<p>In like manner the well-ordered citizen lost his enthusiasm for -the Freedmen. He had been so long under the strain of anxiety -about the war that he was weary of it and of everything that -reminded him of it. Then there followed a succession of events in -regard to the Freedmen that played upon his hopes and fears till -he was doubly weary of them.</p> - -<p>First came the accession of Andrew Johnson to the Presidency -on the death of President Lincoln. Bright hopes arose. Lincoln -was too mild; but the stalwart war-Governor of Tennessee, the -unflinching Union man, the Moses of the colored people, as he -styled himself, he would do what Lincoln’s amiability would -have left undone. What a Providential ordering it was; the -silver lining on the black cloud of the assassination. But alas, -how soon the change! This Moses led the colored people not to -Canaan, but delivered them over to the murderous bands of the Ku -Klux; and the North, who again found the whole affair lying at -loose ends, was very much discouraged. Then General Grant was -elected, and hope again sprang up. The soldier-President would -take care of the Freedmen. He did; but the troops stationed at -the State houses of Columbia and New Orleans became at length -an intolerable vexation to the South and an utter weariness to -the again discouraged North. President Hayes brought again “the -era of good feeling.” The troops were removed. There was a time -of quiet for the colored people. Wade Hampton and Lamar pledged -the reciprocal good will of the South. I believe that these -leaders were sincere, but they little understood<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span> the import of -their pledge, or the mighty power that slumbered in the elements -beneath their feet, “We now witness the upheaval of that power, -the sweeping away of those pledges like the chaff of the summer -threshing-floor, the crushing again of the Negro, his relief -by flight to Kansas, and the symbols of Southern methods and -purposes revealed in the Chisholm murder and the Yazoo tragedy.”</p> - -<p>These facts, this serious aspect of affairs, and the palpable -inefficiency of temporary remedies, are awakening the North -to a fresh sense of responsibility and to the use of thorough -remedies. One evidence of this is found in the turning tide of -political affairs. A still more ominous one is foreshadowed -in the enthusiasm gathered around the flag of the Union. In -1872 Charles Sumner—zealous Union man as he was—moved in the -Senate that the names of victories in our civil war should -not be inscribed on our national regimental flags, and in the -decline of public interest those flags lay neglected in the cases -where they were deposited. But a few weeks since the State of -Connecticut removed her flags from the State Arsenal to the new -Capitol in Hartford, when, lo, ten thousand veteran survivors -and one hundred thousand spectators, making the grandest popular -demonstration ever witnessed in the State, assembled to bear -those flags with honor to their new resting place. I believe in -the power of the ballot, and I revere the flag, but I want to -raise my humble voice in warning against expecting too much from -elections, and against the terrible effects of an appeal to arms. -Has not the nation awaited with anxiety many times for election -returns only to be disappointed in the permanent effects, and -have we not felt enough of the dread evils of war to stand aghast -at the thought of its renewal? Let me use the words of Paul and -say, “Behold, I show you a more excellent way.”</p> - -<p>I present three pictures:</p> - -<p>The <em>first</em> shows a gathering of colored people peacefully -assembled to promote their political welfare. But see that rush -of armed men, the brief unequal struggle, and the flight of -those who met only to exercise a constitutional right. In the -background of the picture is a jail broken open and the venerable -Judge Chisholm and his little son clinging to his knees, and his -heroic daughter endeavoring to shield her father, all butchered -in cold blood. In that background is another scene. That strong -man, the leader of Ku Klux bands, whose hands are dyed with the -blood of innocent colored men, and who could show the medal which -the grateful South had given him, is himself murdered in open -day, because he dared to announce himself not as a Republican, -but as an independent candidate for office. The worst of all is -that there is no legal remedy for these crimes. The National -Government cannot reach them with punishment, and the State -governments will not. They can only be tried in Southern courts -and before Southern juries, and these have acquitted the murderer -of the Chisholm father and children and refuse to try Barksdale -for the Yazoo murder. Thus does the South make itself solid, and -wipe out in blood the least traces of dissent from its supremacy. -The North is moved by all this—indignant, determined, and well -it may be; for what now avails the four years of war and the -fourteen years of attempt at justice and conciliation?</p> - -<p>But I show you <em>another</em> picture. It carries us back a few years. -The Legislature of South Carolina is in session. Its members are -mostly black men. They have generally no property and pay no -taxes, yet they have taxed that already impoverished State to the -verge of destruction, not for public improvement, but to lavish -it upon themselves, in suppers, wines, personal perquisites, in -jobs and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span> in railroad schemes. No more scandalous or reckless -plundering of a public treasury has ever been practiced in -America, and that is saying a great deal. Why is this little -handful of mock legislators allowed to do this? Why do not the -people rush in upon them and hurl them from the places they so -dishonor? Why? Simply because there stands as a guard a file of -United States soldiers—not themselves sufficient in numbers to -be formidable, but representing the National Government, and to -touch them is to touch it. The South is indignant, determined, -and do you wonder? The troops are now gone, the black legislators -are dispersed and white taxpayers are in their places; and rising -above all other considerations is the purpose of these taxpayers -that, at whatever cost, and by whatever needed methods, be it by -tissue ballots or by shotguns, those irresponsible plunderers -shall never come back again into power. You blame them; but I -fear you would do the same yourselves under like provocation. -If the General Government, by means of a bloody war, should -subdue the Western States, and then enfranchise in any one State -enough Indians to outvote the whites, and those Indians should -re-enact the plunderings of the Columbia Legislature, how long -would the West bear it? I suspect that very quickly every Indian -would be converted into a good Indian; but it would be in the -Western sense—he would be a dead Indian. Brethren of the North, -make the case your own. Put yourself in your Southern brother’s -place, and judge him by your own impulses. What, then, is the -true remedy for this great evil? To answer this we must honestly -consider what the real evil is. These South Carolina taxpayers do -not crush these black voters because they are black. They would -do the same to the “poor whites” if they, having the numerical -force, should enact the same wrongs. Nor is it because they are -Republicans. It would be the same if they called themselves -Democrats and did the same things. The trouble, therefore, is not -with the man’s color or party, but with the man himself—with his -ignorance, his degradation and his facility in being used as the -tool of designing men. <em>The remedy, then, is not to change his -color or his party, but his character.</em> All other remedies are -delusive, and it is a national folly and crime to tamper longer -with them. We have tried them; and to try them over again will -be but to swing like a pendulum between the soldiers in front -of the State house and the bulldozers at the elections. It is a -shame and a grievous wrong to leave matters as they are. It is a -wrong to the blacks to compel them to suffer in the South or flee -to Kansas. It is unfair to the South to put them to the dreadful -alternative of suffering or doing such great wrongs. It is a -shame for an enlightened nation to keep itself thus embroiled, to -the hindrance of its prosperity and the jeopardy of its peace.</p> - -<p>Let me show you my <em>third</em> picture, which presents “the more -excellent way.” In the foreground is a school-house and near by -is a church. Around and in the distance are pleasant little homes -and well cultivated lands. These are the instruments for working -the needed change; they will make the Freedman intelligent, -virtuous and industrious; will give him property and responsible -interest in the welfare of the State. But you say this is a -long process. Admitted; but what if there is no other? A slave -can be changed into a freeman in an hour, but to change him -into an intelligent man will take years; to transform millions -of ignorant, cringing and penniless men into intelligent and -responsible citizens and Christians will require generations. -The acorn favorably planted will germinate into an oak in a few -days, and though small, it is a real oak; but it will be many -years before its broad branching arms will give wide shelter, or -its girth and strength of stem will yield heavy timber. A few -such plants started in good soil<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span> and carefully tended will come -forward rapidly, but the wide growth on arid plains or in cold -swamps will long remain dwarfs. The rapid progress of some of -these colored people under adequate training shows what <em>can</em> be -done; the backwardness of the mass shows what <em>must</em> be done. -Here is the call to this Association to bear its part in this -great work in America. It is no light task and no short work. -The North is once more aroused to its magnitude as well as its -necessity, and in that great effort the better portion of the -South is ready to join us. God forbid that any delusive scheme or -guilty indifference should hinder its steady progress.</p> - -<p>The wide Atlantic rolls between America and Africa, but a strange -connecting wire links the two together. The battery at yonder end -was charged with the dreadful electricity that arose from burning -villages, slaughtered people and captured slaves. The sounds that -swept along that wire were the wails of the “middle passage.” -The delivery at this end was the toil, the tears, and the blood -of the slave plantation. That connection is now broken. Does God -mean to establish no other? Yes, the battery is to be placed in -America, charged with the light of its learning and religion; the -hum of the wires will be the song of the returning heralds of -salvation, and the delivery will be the breaking forth of Gospel -light in benighted Africa. Such a change is worthy of God’s -wonder-working grace, and, thanks to His name, it has begun.</p> - -<p>Converging lines of providential purpose have met. In 1856 -Burton and Speke began the first movement in the great line -of modern discovery in tropical Africa; in 1858 they first -sighted Lake Tanganyika. In 1860 Speke and Giant set out on -the second expedition from Zanzibar; in 1862 they caught their -first glimpse of the Victoria Nyanza. Thence onward moved the -heroic procession—Sir Samuel Baker, Winwood Reade, Col. Gordon, -Livingstone and others, till last of all Stanley emerged at the -mouth of the Congo in August, 1877. A marked line of American -convergence also began in 1856 with the first shedding of blood -in the struggle with the slave power in Kansas. John Brown’s -raid came in 1859. The rebellion began in 1861; the slaves -were proclaimed free in 1863, and their education began almost -with the war. Other societies have their own coincidences in -this great work, but this Association having the distinction -of opening the first school among the Freedmen, it is a matter -of special interest with us that about one month after Stanley -reached the mouth of the Congo, we sent out our first company of -<em>colored</em> missionaries to Africa, all of whom had been born in -slavery, were educated since emancipation, and, moved by the love -of Christ and of their fatherland, had gone thither to preach -the Gospel. This is to us the beginning of the other part of the -great work to which this Association is called, for Africa and -for America.</p> - -<p>We have the appliances for the work in our schools, our -theological departments and in our churches; in our experiences -in tropical Africa of the terrible death-rate of white -missionaries, and in the comparatively good health of the -colored. Moreover, our decks are cleared for action by the -removal of the debt that has so long hampered us. We can now -handle our sails and our guns. May the winds of heaven waft -us on our course! Then again we see a way of relief from the -retrenchment enforced upon us by the debt and the hard times. -Buildings were needed—some to be enlarged, others to be newly -erected—but all such claims had to be sternly denied, much as -it cost us to deny; but now, in the good providence of God, the -generous benefaction of Mrs. Stone comes to our relief to supply -just such buildings. The return of prosperity to the country -encourages us to hope that the added expense in sustaining the -enlarged<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span> work will be met. That return of prosperity—shall it -be a curse or blessing? Shall it be the mad rush of muddy waters -urged on by avarice and ambition, and bearing on its turbulent -surface only reckless adventure, wild speculation, extravagant -personal expenditure, unscrupulous public plunderings, ending -at last and again in the dead sea of stagnation, bankruptcy, -and, worst of all, in the wrecking of character, imprisonment, -insanity, or suicide? Shall it not rather be consecrated, that it -may be sanctified and perpetuated—like the beneficent waters of -the Nile carried out into channels of benevolence, purified as -it is quietly borne along and broken in smaller rills, bearing -everywhere over this sin-parched earth the streams of salvation, -making it to bloom with the beauty and fragrance of holiness -and to bear fruit to the glory of God? Christian people ought -to begin with the rising tide of this prosperity to enlarge the -streams of their benevolence, lest, before they are aware, they -be swept into the irresistible current. Especially do we ask the -friends of this cause to recognize this auspicious era and plan -to meet in some adequate measure the vast work before us.</p> - -<p>The hour and the call have come. The nation is re-awakened to -its great duty to the late slaves; they are themselves awaking -to the glorious opening for them as citizens and Christians in -America, and they are enthusiastic to aid in redeeming the land -of their fathers. The possibilities of African regeneration are -enkindling the hearts of Christians in Germany, in Great Britain -and in America. God’s providence is opening the way and sending -His commands along the lines. Well may it be said to the Church -of Christ in America as Mordecai said to Esther, “Who knoweth -whether thou art not come to the kingdom for such a time as this?”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div> -<h3>THE PROVIDENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEGRO IN AMERICA.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. E. H. MERRELL, PRESIDENT OF RIPON COLLEGE.</p> - - -<p>The significance of the negro in America cannot be understood -without study in the light of the providence of God. It is not -presumption to seek in the course of events the divine thought; -it is rather presumption to assume that events occur without -a divine purpose. “They that love to trace a divine hand will -always have a divine hand to trace.” It is true that men have -committed unspeakable folly in attempting to force the thoughts -of the great God into the channels of their intellectual -pettiness. Philosophies of history written with a provincial -scholarship, under the eye of an unsound philosophy or the -extravagancies of religious enthusiasm, must from the nature of -the case be unsound; so a too particular and minute description -of the ways of Providence in the interest of a preconceived -theory of life, or of some specific reform or “cause,” leads to -fanaticism and exposure to contempt. There are sins committed -only by the good, if the solecism may be tolerated, and among -them is a profane assumption of knowledge in regard to the -purposes of God. But, on the other hand, it is greater folly -to assume that God has left the world out of His thought and -providential care, and that the course of the world is not made -by the efficiency of His word. It is absurd, also, to assume that -great providential courses are undiscoverable by the intelligence -of man. “When it is evening, ye say, It will be fair weather: -for the sky is red. And in the morning, It will be foul weather -to-day: for the sky is red and lowering. O, ye hypocrites, ye -can discern the face of the sky; but ye cannot discern the -signs of the times.” We may make ourselves quite ridiculous -in attempting to literalize the tails, wings, breastplates, -teeth, hair,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span> faces, crowns, shapes of the horse-like locusts -of John’s apocalypse; but it is quite within the reach of our -faculties to find the key to his book and to unfold its prophetic -instructions and consolations. The use of the tabernacle as the -dwelling-place of Jehovah’s glory it is possible to find by a -simple exercise of the ken of philosophic interpretation; but -the symbolic import of the coverings of fine twined linen and -woven goats’ hair and rams’ skins dyed red, we must leave to the -dogmatism of unlettered exegesis. It is not our fault, then, -that we are looking too intently for the ways of God through the -history of the world, but rather that we do not look aright. -* * * * If it be true that “the Most High ruleth in the kingdom -of men, and giveth it to whomsoever He will;” that “He changeth -the times and the seasons; He removeth kings and setteth up -kings;” that “promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from -the west, nor from the south; but God is the Judge; He putteth -down one and setteth up another;”—if it be true that the Lord -“that stretcheth forth the heavens alone, that spreadeth abroad -the earth” by Himself also, “frustrateth the tokens of the liars, -and maketh diviners mad;” that He “sayeth of Cyrus, He is My -shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,” surnaming him, and -girding him, though he knew him not;—if, in short, the Lord is -God, and His providence extends over nature, over nations, over -individuals, over free acts, and over sinful acts,—surely we -shall not gather the significance of any great matter in the -world’s progress without such a study of the facts, and such an -interpretation of them as shall disclose the main trend of the -divine purposes.</p> - -<p>I think I hazard little in saying that the foothold of the Negro -in the United States is providentially significant in relation to -a great onward movement for the evangelization of the world. And -in this statement I have more in view than the Christianizing of -the dark continent. In relation to this, it may signify much; but -in relation to the whole kingdom of Christ, it signifies more.</p> - -<p>(1.) The truthfulness of this statement holds our conviction -when we view the facts in relation to the great end of all -history; and this is no transcendental or visionary gaze. It is -the perpetual characteristic of human folly to see events only -in their immediate relations; whereas, the present moment can -interpret nearly nothing. Philosophy concerns itself with remote -causes and ends. “Providence,” says Guizot, “hurries not Himself -to display to-day the consequence of the principle He yesterday -announced. He will draw it out in the lapse of ages. Even -according to our reasoning, logic is none the less sure because -it is slow.” God’s thought is from eternity; but it is only -because God has purposed that a science of history is possible, -or the end of history discoverable. Its philosophy is often based -on the assumption of the unity of the race; for the unity of -the race it is better to say, the unity of the divine purpose. -Said Augustine of old: “God cannot have left the course of human -affairs, the growth and decay of nations, their victories and -defeats, unregulated by the laws of His providence.” And as the -latest deliverance of philosophy we have from Professor Flint, -“The ultimate and greatest triumph of historical philosophy -will really be neither more nor less than the full proof of -Providence, the discovery by the process of scientific method of -the divine plan, which unites and harmonizes the apparent chaos -of human actions contained in history into a cosmos.” Suppose we -assume, as the end of history, the establishment of a kingdom of -righteousness, or the perfection of the members of the race for -an endless society; that the increase of wealth, the extending -of knowledge, the refinements of culture, have ultimate value -only in relation to such a kingdom or society; that the method -of procedure toward the attainment of this end<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span> involves the -encouragements and chastisements, the rewards and disciplines, -the pulling down amid building up, the slaying and making -alive, which belong to the law of discipleship for character. -Suppose, further, that we find ourselves living in a period -when the Christian world is peculiarly stirred with missionary -enthusiasm, and laboring to bring the whole world to membership -in the everlasting kingdom; and yet, again, that we have brought -to the midst of the most Christian nation millions of the most -barbarous people, and put in such relation to that nation that -the questions concerning them necessarily involve religious and -missionary aspects—assuming all this, and taking into view -the profound agitations, the vast numbers of beings involved, -the enormous commercial interests that have been staked, the -slow uprooting of inveterate race prejudices, the transforming -of societies, the hot wrath of God in sweeping commonwealths -with the besom of civil war, it becomes easily credible that -the Negro in the United States <a id="err3"></a>signifies a great providential -on moving the conversion of the world. To find in this Negro -problem nothing but the lust which brought him to our shores, or -the instrumentality of the wealth which he has been the means -of accumulating, or the object of a sentimental pietism which -would colonize him, or a nuisance for progressive abatement, is -to attempt to solve the puzzle of a bewildering maze without the -exercise of wisdom, or to have exit from a labyrinth without a -clew. But, with the right end in view, all the mysteries of it -are easily solved.</p> - -<p>It has been recently said, by an able English writer, that the -great plague of 1348-9 “is a totally new departure in English -history, incomparably more important in its permanent effects -than the conquest of William, the civil war of the fifteenth -century, the civil war and the revolution of the seventeenth. It -has left abiding results on the present condition of England. To -it we owe the peculiar position of the English aristocracy and -the equally peculiar position of the peasant. It created the poor -law and the trades’ union. It was the origin of Lollardism, which -was itself the precursor of the Reformation. Fortunately, it -occurred after representative institutions had become a necessary -part of English political life, or it would have destroyed -them.” Under Providence, Lollardism and the Reformation were the -final cause of pestilence, and it might have counted far more -if the end had been more exactly understood at the time of the -desolations.</p> - -<p>(2.) But that the Negro in the United States means, under -Providence, a forward movement in the work of evangelizing the -world may be inferred from <em>the moral and Christian element he -has forced into American politics</em>. The final cause of a special -Providence may not be apprehended by the large part of those -who are the witnesses of its procedure; but its drift may be -noted from the things they are constrained, under God, to think -and say and do about it. A nation may be girded to a task, even -without recognition of the hand or purpose of Him who girds; but -that nation will be saying and doing very significant things. -Now, the great enthusiasms of our political life for the century -following the achieving of our independence have resulted in -one way or another from the presence of the Negro. And this is -the same as to say that the Negro has been the unwitting cause -of the moral and religious elements in politics; for there are -no great enthusiasms which have not a basis in either morals -or religion. The courts, Cabinet, Congress, legislatures, the -pulpit, the platform, the hearth, have furnished the arena for -debate, harangue and purpose, which have enlarged our views -of the brotherhood of man, kindled an unexampled enthusiasm -for humanity, and deepened those moral convictions which are -the basis of sound character.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span> But for all these superior -achievements in virtue, the black man has been the occasion, -and must have our thanks. Selfish men, irreligious men, profane -men, under the guidance of an unseen hand, have become the stout -advocates of the Christian principles of brotherhood and of duty -to carry a Gospel to every Creature. * * * *</p> - -<p>This advocacy of righteousness toward man, and of the rights of -man as man, has become so much a matter of course with us that we -are likely to overlook its vast significance. Even on our Puritan -soil it was not from the beginning so. The “austere morality and -democratic spirit of the Puritans” even did not keep them clear -of sin of human bondage. “Their experience of Indian ferocity and -treachery, acting on their theologic convictions, led them early -and readily to the belief that these savages, and, by logical -inference, all savages, were the children of the devil, to be -subjugated, if not extirpated, as the Philistine inhabitants of -Canaan had been by the Israelites under Joshua. Indian slavery, -sometimes forbidden by law, but usually tolerated, if not -entirely approved, by public opinion, was <a id="err4"></a>among the early usages -of New England; and from this to negro slavery—the slavery of -any variety of pagan barbarians—was an easy transition.” But at -the time of the Declaration of Independence public sentiment had -already greatly changed.</p> - -<p>In the original draft of this document there was a specific -indictment of George III., which was prophetic of the “furnace -blast” beneath which the nation for a hundred subsequent years -was to “wait the pangs of transformation” into a man-loving, -mission-promoting people. Mr. Jefferson, in the draft of the -immortal Declaration, reflected the public thought and feeling -so closely that he has been accused by many of plagiarism. We -seem thus early to find the pre-intimations of a nation in -its public acts ranging itself on the side of a vast scheme -of Providence. The indictment referred to is as follows: -“Determined to keep an open market where men should be bought -and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every -legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable -commerce. And that this assemblage of horrors might want no -fact of distinguished dye, he is now exciting those very people -to rise in arms among us, and purchase that liberty of which -he has deprived them by murdering the people on whom he also -obtruded them, thus paying off former crimes committed against -the <em>liberties</em> with crimes which he urges them to commit against -the lives of another.” Mr. Jefferson, in his “Works,” says: -“The clause, too, reprobating the enslaving of the inhabitants -of Africa was struck out in complaisance to South Carolina and -Georgia;” and he adds, “our Northern brethren also, I believe, -felt a little tender under those censures; for, though their -people had very few slaves themselves, yet they had been pretty -considerable carriers of them to others.” It is as impossible, -at present, as it is needless to proceed from this initial point -through discussions for the formation of platforms and parties, -and from these to specific laws, and from laws to the violation -of them, and civil war. If a just God has been ruling among the -affairs of the nation, it is infidelity to doubt that He has been -guiding this vast and tumultuous slavery conflict to some great -end for the enlargement of His kingdom in the earth. The moral -and religious aspects of American political questions for the -last three generations have a Divine significance unsuspected by -the actors in our national drama.</p> - -<p>(3.) But of greater significance still is the fact that the -coming of the Negro incorporates a missionary element in our -national life. In the large advance movement now making for the -evangelizing of the race, it is evident that the colored<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span> people -are not to go out through a Red Sea into a wilderness, to become -a peculiar people to whom shall be committed the oracles of -God, and from whom shall arise one like the Messiah. No person -is now so superficial as not to see that, whether we will or -not, the Negro has come to stay. He is becoming even more and -more an element in the sum of those experiences which we call -our national life. He has not come to fit himself to become an -uplifter; he is rather here to do that work which shall fit and -cause this new and great nation to become in a peculiar way the -uplifter of peoples. It is the resistance of this idea which -has been the fundamental reason of all our national turbulence. -Providence meant one thing; the selfishness of man another. God -has given unmistakably the “sign of the prophet Jonas;” man -sees nothing but the redness of a lowering sky. Can we fail -to be impressed with the fact that a being whose not remote -ancestors were, if not savage, at least barbarian, has now come -into the possession of every element of American civilization? -The negro has our language, dress, civil customs, religion, -domestic and social life, and in the main, our vices. He is a -voter, law-maker, executive, educator, freeholder, priest, and -head of a Christian household. He has reached high proficiency -in many branches of learning, and is skilled in all the arts -with which we are acquainted. In a vast number of cases, through -crime be it granted, he is bone of our bone and flesh of our -flesh. He is less a ward than citizen, and hardly more pupil than -instructor. His absolute severance from fatherland,—his history, -his tenacity of life and of race characteristics, yet, while -retaining race characteristics, his greedy absorption of the best -elements of civilization,—his poverty and his possibilities, -awakening our sympathies and challenging our benevolent -enterprise,—his tenacious hold upon our soil, our customs and -our hearts,—these and many things beside indicate that he has -come to stimulate, to lift us to a higher form of evangelical -enterprise than that exhibited hitherto by any people. We are not -merely to make missionaries of the black people; but we through -them are to be ourselves made missionaries. It seems to be the -will of God that the nation should set itself to the work of -Christianizing the world.</p> - -<p>(4.) To add yet another evidence that the signs of the times -are to be interpreted in the line of advancing evangelization, -I would mention the genius of the Negro for piety. Colonel -Preston, who has written intelligently on the subject of the -religious education of the Negro, says that he has adopted -all the vices of the white race except suicide, duelling and -religious skepticism. His voice is not more flexible and pure -than, his faith is confiding and strong. And this is not a small -matter. The world doubtless has great need of brains, but it -has vaster need of character. Of the stones God can raise up -children to Abraham; but it requires no miracle to raise up -children to Plato. There is no fear for the brains of any race -that will accept Christianity. To virtue, knowledge will surely -be added. It is foolish for us Anglo-Saxons to assume that we -have found the best expression of religion. It would be like the -claim of the Pharisee, who assumed that the end of the law was -fulfilled in himself. The worldliness of the church is at the -present time more conspicuous than the churchliness of the world. -A person who lives simply according to the doctrine of Christ is -so singular as to get special notice in the church news of the -religious press. So long as it can be truthfully said that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span> “it -is only by a special and rare experience that young men in the -church settle the question of their life-work by the simple test -of usefulness and duty; and if a young man is found pondering -the question in this view, it is regarded as a case of unusual -piety, and he is directed at once to the ministry; and if an -older man begins to inquire how he can do the most good with -his property, it is accepted as evidence of special growth in -grace, a ripening for heaven”—so long, I say, as this can be -truthfully said, it is perfectly within bounds to affirm that -the current expression of the religion of Christ is nothing less -than a shame. It is rational to hope that the Negro may help us -to a fitter expression. I admit his crudities, extravagancies and -immoralities, but he has a genius for religion nevertheless. It -has been conjectured that there was a period when the ancestors -of the Athenians were to be in no otherwise distinguished from -their barbarian neighbors than by some finer taste in the -decoration of their arms, and something of a loftier spirit in -the songs which told of the exploits of their warriors. But these -rude attempts were prophetic of their æsthetic triumphs; they had -a genius for the beautiful.</p> - -<p>It seems to me that Africa is the fitting continent in whose -mysterious solitudes the greatest explorer of this generation -should die in service and on his knees. He symbolized the -possibilities of the Negritto race for the expression of the -life of the Son of God, and mutely prophesied of the ages to -come. This race, with its greed for civilization and its natural -capabilities for religion, is in vital connection with the -foremost nation of these latter times. Does not this signify the -incoming of a more thorough righteousness, a loftier faith, and a -great advance movement for Christianizing the world?</p> - -<p>Whether I have correctly formulated the course of Providence -or not, it is clear that the Negro is in the United States for -a purpose, and that purpose is no petty one. He has been the -occasion of the most exhaustive discussion of the subject of the -rights of man, of the formation of a great national party, and -of the largest civil war of modern times. He is now the most -considerable element in national politics. If Providence is a -scheme of means and ends, in which particular events are chosen -to further great ends, and if a just God is presiding over the -destiny of our nation, it is simply illogical to conclude that -the foothold of the Negro on the continent is not a thing of vast -significance. And if this be true, every question concerning him -has a new importance. If Pharaoh had understood that the Hebrew -bondsmen were a chosen generation, he would have carried on the -brick business in a different way. This whole Negro question -needs study in a new light, “lest haply we be found even to -fight against God.” Governor St. John, of Kansas, in answer to -a question from the South, how to stop the Negro exodus, has -recently said:</p> - -<p>“Rent the Negro land and sell him supplies at fair prices. Stop -bulldozing him. <a id="err5"></a>Respect the sanctity of his family. Make him feel -that he is just as safe in his person and family, and in all -civil and political rights, as he can be in Kansas or any other -Northern Slate. Then he will not want to come North. Unless you -do this, the Red Sea will open before him and he will pass over -dry-shod; and you of the South, attempting to stop him, will be -overwhelmed, as was Pharaoh and his hosts.”</p> - -<p>These are sharp words, and their rebuke is doubtless needed. It -is probably not important to stop the Negro exodus. For both -the Negro and the white race it is needful that large numbers -be removed from the scenes of their old servitude. The Negro -will rise faster and will more readily be the connecting and -reconciling link between two antagonistic forms of civilization. -This is but a stage in those wilderness wanderings by which he -is being fitted to perform his part in the drama of the world’s -renewing. In Kansas and everywhere he must have chance to develop -according to what is in him, and there need be no fear that he -will not act his part well.</p> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span> - -<p>This theme suggests many practical matters concerning the -importance and the methods of home evangelization. These cannot -be discussed in this paper; but I wish to raise again the -question asked by large numbers of our most sagacious men, viz.: -whether, in view of what seem to be vast providential designs -concerning the inhabitants of this continent, our home work -is not suffering comparative neglect? This is my deliberate -conviction. For the colored man, at least, we are doing but a -fraction of what it would be profitable to do. He is very far as -yet from entering into his rest, and for long years yet we are to -share with him “the pangs of transformation.”</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Before the joy of peace must come<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The pains of purifying.<br /></span> -<span class="i4">God give us grace,<br /></span> -<span class="i4">Each in his place,<br /></span> -<span class="i4">To bear his lot,<br /></span> -<span class="i4">And murmuring not,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Endure, and wait, and labor.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>CHURCH WORK IN THE SOUTH.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">BY REV. C. L. WOODWORTH.</p> - - -<p>The subject before us is “Church Work in the South.” This -work, though it seems to be fundamental to every missionary -organization, has yet been sharply challenged both as to its -propriety and expediency. Put thus on the defensive, it may be -well to recur to first principles, in order to satisfy ourselves -that the church is the <em>unit idea</em> in all Christian labor. And -to unfold that idea in the conversion of men, and to make it -potential in society, through the preaching of the Gospel and -the sanctified lives of believers, is the end of the family, -of the school, and of all the forces which go to civilize and -uplift communities. That work which does not aim at the church -as its end, however refining and ennobling it may be in itself, -fails, utterly and infinitely, to realize the ideal of the New -Testament, or the ideals of history as seen in the progress of -Christ’s kingdom in the earth. When, therefore, a society like -the one whose anniversary we are now celebrating presents itself -for our suffrage and our support, it becomes our privilege, and -perhaps our duty, to question its mission and its right to live. -Should it appear that secular education is the object mainly -aimed at, then we would say it has just as much right to live as -there is reason for the work it is doing. But if, on the other -hand, it should appear that the regeneration of men, and the -founding of pure and intelligent churches, is its central thought -and aim, and that all other instruments in its hands are but -tributary to this, then we would say it has just as much right to -live as there is force and authority in the last command of our -ascended Lord. This will become evident if we examine:</p> - -<p>(1.) The <em>Commission</em> under which a society like this does its -work. The warrant for a missionary society, as for all missionary -effort, is found in the words of our Saviour to his disciples, -just before he went up on high: “All power is given unto me in -heaven and on earth; go ye, therefore, and teach all nations, -baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of -the Holy Ghost, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever -I have commanded you, and lo, I am with you alway, even unto -the end of the world.” Analyze these words, as repeated by -three evangelists, and, we submit, they leave upon the mind the -single, distinct impression that the work he commissioned his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span> -disciples to do was to teach or to preach Christ; was to call -to repentance, and show how sin could be atoned and remitted -through the blood of the Crucified. That message is given to -this society—the most important ever committed to men; and -to proclaim it freely and fully, all its resources of men and -of money, of learning and of influence, should be put under -contribution. This is the work than which nothing greater nor -grander can be conceived.</p> - -<p>(2.) This will further appear if we study the <em>model</em> of -missionary work, which is presented to us in apostolic labor and -example. If the <em>words</em> of our Saviour define the work to be -done, the example of the Apostles defines and illustrates the -<em>manner</em> in which it should be done. And beginning at Jerusalem, -we find that the Apostles and the company of the believers gave -themselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word. When -the endowment of power had come, they began to speak in other -tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance. They were now divinely -empowered and set apart for their work. The Holy Ghost is now -their inspirer and guide, and when the multitude came running -together to see what this strange thing could mean, Peter, with -the eleven, stood up and delivered that searching discourse which -went with convincing and converting power to the hearts of 3,000 -men.</p> - -<p>Indeed, what is the Acts of the Apostles but a record of -missionary operations conducted by inspired men, who were -specially empowered and guided by the Holy Ghost, in which the -preaching of Christ was the all-absorbing theme? Peter and James -among the Apostles, and Philip and Stephen among the deacons, -were illustrious preachers in their day, and models of devotion -to the single purpose of winning men to Christ. Converts were -multiplied, churches organized, and believers made to feel that -the <em>one supreme</em> work was to teach or to preach Christ. The -movement began on the day of Pentecost by preaching Christ, and -on that line it continued its triumphant way while the Apostles -lived. They neither sought nor asked for anything more. They were -content to wield the sword of the Spirit which is the word of -God. And so they preached Christ, “to the Jews a stumbling-block -and to the Greeks foolishness, but unto them which were saved, -Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.”</p> - -<p>(3.) If we needed other evidence that this line of work is -the true one, we have it in the historical <em>examples of other -successful missionary work</em> since the time of the Apostles. -We only need to examine those great religious movements in -history which not only lifted the Church, but started the human -race forward on higher courses of thought and life, to satisfy -ourselves that the Gospel was the quickening power, and furnished -the motive and impulse to the astonishing results which followed. -A single text ringing in the ear of the monk as he slowly and -wearily climbed Pilate’s stairs at Rome, on his knees, “The -just shall live by faith,” explains the Reformation. That was -the key-note to all the preaching and writing of Luther and the -Reformers. That truth lifted and saved men; that truth organized -the free thought and the Protestant churches of Germany, and made -the Reformation a success.</p> - -<p>The Puritan movement in England, to some extent contemporaneous -with that in Germany, proceeded on the same principles. Men -mighty in the Scriptures were raised up to preach the word. They -relied on nothing but the simple Gospel of Christ. All the might -of king and council and Parliament could not crush a movement -having its sources in the word of God. It crystallized into -dissenting churches; it flowed beyond the British Islands on to -the continent of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span> Europe and to the continent of America, taking -possession of a new empire and a new world.</p> - -<p>The Methodist movement, under Whitefield and the Wesleys, was -still another uprising and following of the human mind after the -simple truths of the Gospel. Though educated men themselves, -they had almost a contempt for human learning and the wordly -appliances on which other churches so much relied. The preaching -of the word accompanied by the power of the Holy Ghost was their -<em>sole</em> reliance. On that principle they organized their churches, -literally preaching the Gospel to the poor, and, at the end of a -century, had a membership outnumbering any Protestant church in -Christendom. It would be easy to show that modern missions, at -home and abroad, have been most successful as they have relied -most fully on the simple preaching of the word, and that the -building up of churches has been the saving power of communities -<em>intellectually</em>, <em>morally</em> and even <em>materially</em>.</p> - -<p>(4.) Applying now the facts and principles barely glanced at -in this review to the subject in hand, we shall find that, so -far as the South is concerned, pure and intelligent churches -are at this moment more a necessity even than schools are. The -education of the intellect is vitally important; but for its own -security it should rest on the broader education of the moral -nature. The former will make keen, sharp men, shrewd in business -and other transactions, but only the latter can be trusted to -make honest, faithful, conscientious men. While we insist that -<em>Christian schools</em> are the true handmaid of religion, we must -not be tempted to substitute science and culture for piety, nor -to make schools stand for more than churches. The church alone -is fundamental, but for the best results they belong together -and should go together. Schools <em>can</em> be made and <em>should</em> be -made helps to religion; but we mistake their nature entirely -when we imagine that there is anything in the ordinary studies -of the class-room—the classics, the mathematics, or the natural -sciences—to sanctify the heart or subdue the will to God. -The colored race is vastly more run down on its moral side -than on its intellectual side. This is true of all degraded, -barbarous races. The direct effects of slavery on the colored -race were its moral effects. To be sure, it left the race poor -and uncultivated; but <em>that</em> might have been borne and easily -repaired had it left the moral integrity of the race intact and -pure. The school of slavery perverted the moral nature, and until -<em>that</em> is rectified, no process of intellectual education can -lift the race on to the high level of a true manhood and a great -future.</p> - -<p>Men and nations are lifted and made truly great through their -moral qualities rather than through their intellectual. At any -rate, if history teaches any lesson it is, that no nation has -long exhibited great intellectual qualities which has not been -sustained by greater moral qualities; and that no nation, ancient -or modern, has become intellectually great that was not first -morally great. The age of Pericles in Greece, and the Augustinian -age in Rome, when the human mind in each of those countries -reached its climacteric, was preceded by those great moral -virtues among the people which made them severely simple, honest, -brave and true. Greece had her Homer, her Solon, her Æschylus, -her Euripides, her Sappho, before she had her Pericles. Rome had -her Romulus, her Numa, her Cato, her Scipios, and for mothers, -her Cornelia, her Marcia and her Portia, before she had her -Augustus. England had her Alfred, her Bede, her Wickliffe, her -Knox and her Reformers, before she had her Bacon, her Shakespeare -and her Milton. Germany had her Luther, her Melanethon, her -Calvin, her Zwingle, and her long line of Protestant confessors -and defenders, before she had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span> her Goethe, her Schiller, her -Humboldt, her Herder and her Beethoven. The ancient nations, -whose masterpieces in literature and art are still the models on -which we form our taste, declined intellectually precisely as -they declined morally. The great age of English literature was a -greater age of moral heroism; and Germany’s highest intellectual -development is but the consummate flowering of the moral forces -which have come down from the Reformation. Both will decline as -the moral supports on which they rest are weakened or undermined.</p> - -<p>In the light of the past, it would seem clear that if we merely -sought the highest intellectual development of the colored race, -we would educate most assiduously their moral nature—their -weakest and most neglected part. But this can be done effectually -only through a pure and intelligent ministry of the word. In pure -churches alone can moral instruction, based on Divine authority, -find its highest sanctions. The secular teacher, indeed, may -instruct in morals and religion, but his words do not carry the -sanctity nor the authority of him who ministers at God’s altar in -holy things. It is in the Church, where men speak in the name of -God, and where the soul is brought face to face with the claims -of God, that the highest moral motives are pressed and felt. And -hence we say, the Church <em>foremost</em>, and everything tributary to -the Church, because the Church deals supremely with the moral -nature, through which degraded races can alone be lifted.</p> - -<p>(5.) There is a farther necessity for such churches, in order -that we may save the present and coming generation of educated -young colored men and women from skepticism and infidelity. -The moment we educate a young man or a young woman to read -intelligently, or to speak and write the English language -grammatically, we have educated them out of the old colored -churches. They will not listen to men whose vocabulary has more -sound than meaning, and who violate with every sentence every law -of correct speech. The white churches are not open to them in any -such sense that they feel at liberty to enter them on any footing -of Christian equality. Unless we provide for them something which -is more pure and rational than their own churches, free from the -clamors and excitements of mere animal passion, we send them into -the streets and away from the house of God. After a young man -or a young woman has remained in school long enough to see the -ignorance of the colored preachers, and has gained sufficient -intelligence to make moral distinctions, it is inevitable that he -should turn from such teachers, and revolt from such moral and -religious guides.</p> - -<p>If they are compelled to judge religion only by the specimens -of it which they see around them, why should not a common -intelligence reject it altogether? Our education, therefore, must -either lead our students out of the old churches into infidelity, -or it must lead them into churches where an intelligent ministry -and a pure worship will satisfy both intellect and heart. I can -conceive no greater wrong we can do that race than to destroy -their faith in the religion taught and practiced in their -churches, if we do not supply them with a better. A race without -a religious faith is lost; and, while our education destroys the -old, let us be careful to put in the place of it the <em>new</em> and -the <em>true</em>.</p> - -<p>(6.) And, finally, pure and intelligent churches are a necessity -in order to create a reservoir of piety and ability sufficient to -nurture and bring forward the young men and women needed for the -work of redeeming Africa. If the colored race in this country is -ever to be broadened to the full conception of saving Africa—is -ever to be made capable of laying broad and deep the foundations -of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span> Christian States on that dark continent—if it is ever to be -inspired to the effort of such an undertaking—the movement must -begin at the foundations of character, in the moral sensibilities -and convictions of the soul. And a movement that is wide enough -and strong enough to sustain such an attempt must begin at the -house of God, must have its roots in Christian homes, must be fed -in the closet, at the family altar, with the word of God and the -breath of prayer. The movement which saves Africa will be a race -movement; will be the light and pressure of Divine truth upon the -minds and consciences of the people, and a baptism of Pentecostal -fire consecrating them to the work. But to what agencies shall -we look for such mighty spiritual energies as are needed for -the recovery of a race to Jesus Christ? The Church is the vast -reservoir of spiritual forces, and she utilizes other instruments -as they are needed to accomplish her work. But if it should -happen that we should mistake instruments or methods for power, -even schools for the Church of the living God, we should soon -find that the body without the spirit is dead.</p> - -<p>It would avail little if here and there one in our schools might -be persuaded to enter the African field. What could he do without -the prayers, the sympathies, as well as the moral and pecuniary -support of his race behind him? And what certainly would there be -of a supply or of a succession of laborers, unless the churches -were holding their members to the work and were pushing forward -their children to offer themselves in its behalf? The churches -alone can create a race sentiment broad and deep and potent -enough to bear up an enterprise aiming at the Christianization -of Africa. It is the Gospel, ministered by holy men, which -unifies and exalts communities. It is the Church, as the centre -and representative of divine power, which stands for God, and -the word and the ordinances entrusted to her keeping are his -only visible hold upon the world. If we would have Christian -scholars in training for Africa—as teachers, as preachers, or -as statesmen—they should come from homes and churches in which -the spirit of Christ, the spirit of humanity, and the spirit of -missions was as the breath of life. On the one hand, we want the -churches as the inspiring and sustaining power both for men and -money, and on the other, as the motive and model for the work -we are called to do. Our missionaries need to live and move in -an atmosphere of holy self-denial and charity, to be empowered -by the prayers and godly zeal of the great brotherhood of the -saints, in order to a full consecration. We can expect men and -money for the work in sufficient number and amount only as the -churches, like mighty reservoirs, gather and hold all their -forces of brain, of heart, of will, of wealth and of learning, of -piety and of power, for Christ.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2><a name="AFRICA" id="AFRICA"></a>AFRICA.</h2> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>The report on the Association’s work in Africa, submitted -to your committee, shows that the Mendi Mission has reached -once more a degree of prosperity and promise. In its church, -school and industrial work it has been prospered, and in the -plan of preparing and using native helpers do we find the -great principle of all successful schemes for disseminating -the Gospel wisely adopted.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span> Furthermore, the signal fact seems -now already permanently established that the Freedmen are the -providential missionaries for the dark continent. They endure -the climate as Europeans cannot, and, as trained for their work -in the seminaries of this society, they evince a capacity which -fits them for a rare evangelical service in the land of their -ancestors.</p> - -<p>But the matter to which it is especially fitting that your -attention be directed with unwonted seriousness is the -conditional decision recently arrived at by the Executive -Committee of this Association to accept Mr. Arlington’s offer of -£3,000, and open in Eastern Africa a new mission station. That -indicates what all interested in the great problem of Africa’s -Christianization should welcome with thanksgiving and prayer, -viz., that this Association is to take a new and advanced part in -this latest missionary crusade. Now its work will have a higher -significance and a wider reach; for under God does it more and -more seem that to this Association is to fall the high part of -preparing the needed missionaries for Africa. The relation of -the educational work of the Association to this grand enterprise -becomes impressively apparent. There is a compensation in God’s -providence, and in this instance it is inspiring to believe -that our Freedmen, as the best fitted agents, are to become the -preachers of Christianity to the land from which their ancestors -were cruelly carried away as slaves. Here, now, is something -proposed which will tax our faith and test our courage and -consecration.</p> - -<p>The field for the proposed mission seems to be wisely chosen, and -in the Nile basin, making one more in a chain of mission stations -recently opened, will this Association have its place and do its -share in redeeming the continent to which the entire church now -is turning with a yearning heart. It is somewhat significant -that the proposed field for this mission is in a portion of -the continent most desolated by the slave trade. Pre-eminently -appropriate is it that this society, so long the friend and -advocate of the slave, should carry the tidings of “the liberty -wherewith Christ makes men free” into the midst of tribes which -have suffered from this terrible traffic.</p> - -<p>The full and studied report of the Foreign Committee, in the -April number of the <span class="smcap">American Missionary</span>, on the -character and promise of the special field designated by Mr. -Arthington, makes it unnecessary for your committee to add -anything touching upon this point. The careful investigation -made in the first instance confirms the wisdom of Mr. Arthington -in naming to this Association the field he has. His own letter, -published in the March number, shows that he had conferred with -the best authorities as to the location of the mission, and that -he has chosen a district that offers unusual attractions for such -a station as this Association should establish.</p> - -<p>We believe your committee but voice the feeling of all -friends of this Association when expressing the hope that the -conditions on which this missionary advance depends will be -promptly met, so that without delay measures can be adopted -to enter this open door, and improve this latest and greatest -opportunity of doing for the millions of the long-forgotten and -long-despised continent. It is very evident that the foreign -work of the Association is to become of increasing importance -and magnitude, for to it has providentially fallen the high -privilege of preparing the workers especially required in -African evangelization. With its old mission on the West Coast -rising now into fresh usefulness, on its new basis of depending -upon Freedmen missionaries and native helpers, and the projected -station south and west of Gondokoro, in a field full of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[390]</a></span> promise, -it will become a great evangelistic power in Africa. The springs -and feeders of its work will be in those noble educational -institutions established in our Southern land, for from these -will go forth the colored men and women who will show of what -holy sacrifice and achievements they are capable.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>We should not forget that to this Association belongs the honor -of inaugurating in this country the more recent phase of African -evangelization. At the annual meeting in Clinton, Iowa, in 1874, -was the first note sounded for a missionary advance into the -heart of the dark continent, and in the annual gathering of -1875 and every year since has it been a prominent subject for -consideration. Mr. Arthington was induced to make his offer to -the Association because of its early and pronounced sympathy with -this plan of interior missions in Africa, and we, of our own -belief, would be disloyal to the flag we first gave to the winds -of heaven if we did not gird ourselves for this new venture. This -Association cannot afford to be absent from the Christian forces -now entering the far land, for by Providence and the signal -history of past years, and its peculiar relation to the African -race, it is called to take its place, highest of all, in the -lustrous belt of missions that now extend from the Zambesi along -the chain of lakes to the region in the Nile basin which we are -to man under the name of the Arthington Mission.</p> - -<div class="third"></div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">M. M. G. Dana</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">H. T. Rose</span>,<br /> -</div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">G. D. Pike</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">S. J. Humphrey</span>.<br /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>THE MENDI COUNTRY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">BY REV. G. D. PIKE.</p> - -<p>The territory under view is bounded on the east by the River -Niger, on the north by the Great Desert, and on the west and -south by the Atlantic Ocean.</p> - -<p>(1.) Its surface is varied by mountains, plains, forest and -rivers, while its coast is indented with bays and harbors of -grand proportions. Skirting the coast there is an alluvial region -extending for fifty miles to a mountain forest range eighty -miles in width; then follows an open plateau which extends to -the Niger and beyond. The soil of this plateau is described as a -rich prairie land, of such productiveness and beauty that it is -regarded by missionaries who have seen it as the garden spot of -the world.</p> - -<p>(2.) The climate of the country is admitted on all hands to be -hostile to efforts for the advancement of its people, while the -coast has been fitly styled “the burial-ground of white men.” -A deadly malaria, poisonous both to man and domestic animals, -checks the progress of industries and the work of Christianity. -It is believed, however, that this malaria is more especially -confined to the low mangrove swamps of the coast, and that after -the forest belt is passed the open plateau will afford healthy -localities.</p> - -<p>The sanitary condition of a country can be determined in a -measure by its domestic animals. The pestilential vapors of a -malarious region are said to be absorbed to a greater extent by -quadrupeds, living constantly in the open air, than by mankind, -living a portion of the time in-doors. The ancient Greeks -observed this fact, and incorporated it in verse centuries ago:</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“On mules and dogs the infection first began,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">And last, the vengeful arrow fixed in man.”<br /></span> -</div></div> - -<p>Now the open plateau we have mentioned may be called the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span> -“cattle-belt of the Mendi country and its neighborhood.” Here -unnumbered herds of horses, cows and other domestic animals -abound, making it somewhat evident that the climate may be found -favorable for the development of an advanced civilization.</p> - -<p>(3.) The products of this country are such as are common to the -tropics, and are very abundant. Coffee grows spontaneously. -India-rubber enough for generations could be easily obtained. -Vast areas of timber lands, characterized by trees thirty feet -in diameter, with spreading branches sufficient for the shelter -of a regiment, abound in the forest belt. Here are found great -varieties of dye-woods, and other woods that admit of a beautiful -finish. Lumber is in great demand, and the saw-mill belonging -to this Association is taxed to its utmost, and quite unable to -furnish a supply sufficient for the market near at hand. The -export of palm-oil from this locality is very great, and at -present is doubtless the leading article of merchandise.</p> - -<p>It is quite possible, however, that within a generation the most -alluring wealth of the country will be its treasures of gold. -This precious metal is found in a belt extending from the Gold -Coast inland three hundred and fifty miles. Of the productiveness -of the gold mines or pits, as they are called, we can judge but -little otherwise than by the meagreness of the facilities of the -natives for collecting gold, and by the amount found among the -different tribes. From what can be learned I am led to believe -that the great enterprise that shall yet stir the thought of the -mercantile world in behalf of this region will be that of the -gold hunter. In support of this view we have facts before us like -the following: The king of the Ashantees is covered with golden -ornaments. He is served by his cook with a golden spoon. His -spies, to the number of a thousand, wear golden breastplates, -his officers carry gold-hilted swords, and his subjects use gold -dust for money. The chiefs of the land manufacture golden images -to display their wealth, while their attendants are embellished -with golden badges. Even on the great plateau, three hundred -miles inland, gold is the money of the country. In Bouré the -people do nothing but dig up gold, which they exchange for food -with the neighboring tribes. The indications certainly are, -that if so much gold is secured by native women, who wash out a -little surface sand in their simple gourds, mines of wealth must -lie beneath awaiting the more powerful machinery of an American -civilization.</p> - -<p>(4.) We come now to notice the internal improvements projected -for opening up this country to commerce and the higher -development of its people. Lines of steamers ply from the Senegal -to the Niger, and ports are opened where trade is carried on -equal in amount to $20,000,000 annually. The Niger and its -tributaries afford navigable waters for 3,500 miles, enabling the -merchant to proceed with boats from Timbuctoo to the Atlantic. -Steamers already ply upon this river and inland trade is rapidly -developing.</p> - -<p>At present there are many obstacles to overcome, of which the -superstition of the natives is not the least. There is, however, -a project full of promise for reaching this country. By recent -surveys it has been ascertained that opposite the Canary Islands, -in latitude 28° north, running five hundred miles south-east in -the Great Desert, there is a sink two hundred feet below the -level of the Atlantic, extending to within one hundred miles -of Timbuctoo, the great city of Central Africa. This sink or -depression has a width of one hundred and twenty miles, and -contains sixty thousand square miles of land. Explorers agree -that a channel once connected its north-western extremity -with the Atlantic, where it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span> terminated in a sand-bank, which -prevented the waters of the ocean from flowing into its bed. Its -mouth is formed between perpendicular rocks, and measures about -two and a half miles in width, and is blocked by a sand-bar, -three hundred yards across, with a height of thirty feet above -the sea. All that is needed is to excavate a ship canal three -hundred yards long through the sand-bar, and the inland sea will -be speedily formed. When this is accomplished the Mendi country -and its neighborhood will be a vast island, approachable from -many directions, and a belt of civilization will be closed in -until the whole area is blessed with peace and abundance. Then -“Afric’s sunny fountains” will “roll down their golden sands” -into the lap of the older civilizations, and receive in return -the riper and richer results of the heaven-born blessings of the -Gospel.</p> - -<p>(5.) It is fitting, furthermore, that we consider the character -and condition of the people of this domain. As to their physical -proportions, we have reason to believe that back of the malarial -belt they are well formed, muscular and endowed with powers -of great endurance. The tribes of the interior drive down the -inhabitants of the forest range into the lowland, where the law -of the survival of the unfittest obtains on account of malaria -leaving alive the coarse, muscular men of the coast. Of the -mental capacity of these people a good illustration was seen -in Barnabas Root, a real heathen, who came to this country and -was graduated at a Western college and also at the Chicago -Theological Seminary, ranking among the best scholars of his -class at both institutions.</p> - -<p>The capacity of this people is also indicated by some splendid -achievements on African soil. A native among the Vey people -invented an alphabet with two hundred characters, in which -communications could be sent by letter and the language preserved -in books. Still another contrived an instrument before the -invention of the telegraph, called an <em>eleimbic</em>, for conveying -sound, and by means of which messages could be sent for several -miles. Native women manufacture cloth, woven in different colors; -they also make a species of twine as delicate and useful as -any in the world. Clay vessels that hold water, iron axes and -implements of utility of native manufacture, also abound.</p> - -<p>Timbuctoo, the queen city of the Desert, at the north-eastern -boundary of the country we are considering, contains 20,000 -inhabitants, and is laid out with regular streets and well-built -houses. Here is found a great mosque with nine naves and a tower -286 feet high and 212 wide, while other mosques of great age -and importance greet the eyes in this wonderful city. These -indications of skill are found among native Africans, even if -due, especially in Timbuctoo, to the Mohammedan faith. Cities and -towns in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and further along the coast, are -the result in part of a foreign civilization, but still in some -measure attest the capacity of the real heathen.</p> - -<p>These people not only evince capacity for the development -of material wealth, but for the science of government. They -evidently believe in experiments in governmental civilization. -For example, the king of Dahomey selects the most robust of his -wives for a body-guard and organizes regiments of amazons. These -are said to be most courageous soldiers and absolutely devoted -to their calling. He also displays his appreciation of object -lessons in temperance reform by keeping a drunkard on rum, that -his hideous aspect might deter the people from that vice; while -the boys who act as porters on the coast promote the observance -of Sunday laws by charging for their services on the Lord’s day -sixpence extra for breaking the Sabbath.</p> - -<p>The question, however, with which we have chief concern relates -to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[393]</a></span> religious instincts or capabilities of these people. -These may be measured in some degree by the sacrifices they make -and by the notions they entertain. For example, among the Foula -tribe the offerings to the Fetish must be made by a “sinless -girl.” Among the Mendi, they believe in a supreme being who made -all things, who punishes those who wrong their friends; they -thank him for blessings, and blame him for trouble and sickness. -The fetishism of the African is based upon religious instincts, -and indicates the strength of his aptitude for faith, prayer and -self-denial.</p> - -<p>We have not at command any comprehensive knowledge of the habits -of all the tribes of the Mendi country and its neighborhood. -We are able, however, to give some account of the unprejudiced -conduct of the Ashantees during a four years’ war, as observed -by two German missionaries held as prisoners at Coomassie for -that length of time. They narrate a condition of heathendom that -ought to inspire us to pray and labor for the enlightenment and -redemption of this wretched people.</p> - -<p>The worst phase of their condition is exhibited in the practice -of offering human sacrifices. We are told that when the king -visits the burial-place of his ancestors he offers a human -sacrifice on approaching the skeleton of each one, and in this -manner some thirty persons are slaughtered. When about to repair -a roof at the burial-place after a storm, as many more victims -are offered to appease the wrath of the departed. On funeral -occasions many villagers are killed, till it pleases the king to -forbid the further shedding of blood. The arms of poor wretches -are cut off in midday, while they are compelled to dance for the -amusement of the king before being taken to execution. If the -victims will not dance, lighted torches are applied to their -wounds until the drums beat, and then their heads are taken off.</p> - -<p>During the Ashantee war 136 chiefs were slain. According to the -belief of the people it was necessary to send a considerable -retinue after them to the other world. For this reason a -ceremony called a “death-wake” was instituted, at which, for -each Coomassie chief, 30 of their people were killed. If an -equal retinue was assigned for chiefs in other localities, the -slaughtered persons would number 4,080 souls. At the funeral -festivities of Kokofu more than 200 human beings were sacrificed, -the king beheading several with his own hand. On the death of -a prince many of his wives are slain, and if the number he -possessed is not deemed sufficient, the king adds a selection -of girls, who are painted white and hung with golden ornaments. -These sit about the coffin for days, but are finally doomed -to the grave as attendants for the departed. The apology for -such practices is given by the king of Dahomey in the following -language: “If I were to give up this custom at once, my head -would be taken off to-morrow. These things cannot be stopped, -as one might suppose. By and by, little by little, much may be -done. Softly, softly; not by threats. You see how I am placed.” -A missionary of much experience on the coast tells us: “The -practice of offering human sacrifices is founded on a purely -religious basis, designed as a manifestation of piety, sanctioned -by long usages, upheld by a powerful priesthood, and believed to -be essential to the very existence of the tribes where it exists.”</p> - -<p>But, thank God, over these dark areas of Pagan land we believe -the “morning light is breaking.” Already about the Mendi country -and its neighborhood there are twenty-three central mission -stations, many, if not all of which are circled with tributary -“out-stations,” lighting the country like a galaxy of planets and -stars and suns. Here different religious societies have organized -more than one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span> hundred churches, and one hundred times as many -converts, and gathered 20,000 children in its schools. To this it -must be added that nearly a score of dialects have been mastered, -and portions of the Scriptures printed in as many tongues; while -millions of real heathen have felt the blessed influence of the -Gospel. As you will see by the map, there is a belt of missions -from the Senegal on the north along the coast to the mouth of -the Niger, and up the Niger the native black Bishop Crowther has -located nine mission stations, manned by converted heathen, who -are pushing northward toward Timbuctoo, with their steamers and -other facilities for extending the work.</p> - -<p>We, of the American Missionary Association, are in the heart -of this great domain. The Mendi tribe is supposed to occupy a -region hundreds of miles inland, and to number two millions of -souls. The work of our missionaries on that ground is fruitful -of suggestions and encouragement. The faith and aspirations of -all, I believe, was expressed by Mr. Anthony, a colored hero from -Berea, Ky., in his letter to New York: “If you had the money I -would say, send 100,000 missionaries to Africa at once.” The -Freedmen are rapidly fitting themselves to go up and possess this -land for Christ. Give us the money and we will send them forward.</p> - -<p>At some of the fashionable watering-places by the shores of the -sea, during the past summer, you noticed chains of electric -lights illuminating the fairy-like towers and palaces and -abodes of ten thousand pleasure-seekers, who, amid music and -gayety and song, sported in the tide as it broke in billowy -grandeur on the snowy sands; darkness was changed to day, and -night abolished by the wonderful discovery of Mr. Edison. So, I -think, our missionary stations in Western Africa are electric -lights, dispelling the darkness and ushering in that light which -is the truth and the way. Mr. Edison maintains his luminaries -by batteries with positive and negative poles, two extremes -operating one over against the other. Not otherwise is it with -the lights of the missionary world. They must be supported by the -great batteries of prayer and sacrifice. Praying and giving must -be our watchword. Pray the Lord of the harvest that He send forth -the laborer into His harvest, and remember the words of the Lord -Jesus, how He said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.”</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2><a name="THE_INDIANS" id="THE_INDIANS"></a>THE INDIANS.</h2> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>Your committee, to whom has been referred that part of the report -of the Executive Committee which concerns the American Indians, -beg leave to report as follows:</p> - -<p>Another event has occurred, in what may surely be termed the -providence of God, to compel the attention of Christians to the -condition of the Indians, and to our methods of dealing with them.</p> - -<p>Whatever may be said of the policy of the Government, the fact -is that the paroxysm into which the country is thrown at each -new Indian outbreak, the perplexed uncertainty which is then -manifested by our chief public officers, the conflict of orders -which issue from the different departments of the Government, the -passionate demands which are then made for radical changes in our -policy,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span> and the general hopelessness of permanent improvement -in the condition of the Indian which that wide-spread demand -indicates—these conspire to prove that, if not a fundamental -change, at least a more intelligent aim is necessary in our -method of dealing with these, the most perplexing of our national -wards.</p> - -<p>In the hope of furnishing a basis of discussion, and of guiding -the efforts of the Association in the new problems which are -arising, your committee venture to embody their suggestions -in the form of a series of resolutions, which we present for -adoption, if your wisdom approves them.</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That the aim of this Association shall be, as far as -possible and as rapidly as possible, to secure for the Indians—</p> - -<p>1. A legalized standing in the Courts of the United States.</p> - -<p>2. Ownership of land in severalty.</p> - -<p>3. The full rights of American citizenship.</p> - -<p>These three things, we believe, are essential if the Indian is to -be, not Christianized or civilized, but saved from extermination.</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That this Association most heartily indorses the plan -of the Indian Bureau to secure to as many Indians as possible -the advantages of education offered at such distant schools -as those at Hampton and Carlisle; at the same time we believe -that the system of boarding schools on the reservations, which -for many years have been maintained by the Government and the -missionaries, is the chief educational agency that must be relied -upon for bettering the condition of the Indian.</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That to this end the members of this Association will -do all in their power to make the Indian question a pressing -question until the attention of Congress is so secured and held -to it that the legislative enactment necessary to bring about -these changes be completely accomplished.</p> - -<div class="third"></div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">H. A. Stimson</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">A. F. Sherrill</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">S. R. Riggs</span><br /> - <span class="smcap">Wm. Crawford</span>,<br /> -</div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">M. B. Wilder</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Joseph Hart</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">E. P. Smith</span>.<br /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>THE INDIAN QUESTION.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. H. A. STIMSON, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.</p> - -<p>I stand before you to speak upon the Indian question with an -inexpressible sadness. The hopelessness of securing justice or -mercy for the Indian oppresses me. I seem to hear the cry of the -Pilgrim’s saintly pastor, when the news came to him across the -ocean of their first fight with the natives of New England, “I -would that you had converted some before you killed any.” Our -injustice and oppression of the Indian are not the slow growth of -years, as they have been to-day shown to be in the case of the -negro; they sprang into being full armed, bitter and destructive, -like the spirits from Pandora’s box. As early as 1675 the devoted -John Eliot wrote to Gov. Winthrop from the wigwams in which he -was consecrating his culture and his life to their conversion: -“I humbly request that one effect of this trouble may be to -humble the English to do the Indians justice.” (Letter to Hon. -Mr. Winthrop, Governor of Connecticut. Roxbury, this 24th of the -fifth month, 1675.) The prayer has remained unanswered through -the centuries.</p> - -<p>I am oppressed with the necessity of arraigning my Government and -my<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span> country of crime. It is but a short time since England was -horrified with the account of the barbarous atrocities committed -by an English governor upon the blacks of Jamaica. A committee -was at once formed, as an expression of the best sentiment of -England, for the purpose of bringing the perpetrators of the -crime to justice. Reviewing the work of the Jamaica committee, of -which he had been chairman, John Stuart Mill records its failure. -It was defeated not by the law, but by the grand jury, the -representatives of the people. “It was not a popular proceeding,” -he writes, “in the eyes of the great middle classes of England to -bring English functionaries to the bar of a criminal court for -abuses of power committed against negroes.” (Autobiography, pp. -296-9.) It is as unpopular to arraign our Government for abuse -of the Indian to-day. A single sentence, however, of Mr. Mill’s -gives me courage to proceed. He says: “The Lord Chief Justice -Cockburn’s charge settled the law for the future.” It may be that -some simple statements of fact may open the eyes of our people -and prepare the way for redress.</p> - -<p>Early in the century Sidney Smith said of the English nation, in -reference to the possibility of converting the Hindoos to Christ: -“We have exemplified in our public conduct every crime of which -human nature is capable.” Those words stand to-day the terms of -the indictment of the United States in her dealings with the -Indians.</p> - -<p>We have persistently <em>broken faith with them</em>. A volume of -testimony might readily be produced; but Gen. Leake’s able -setting forth of the history of our Indian treaties furnishes -all the proof necessary. But as a single illustration, take -this statement from a Government official. <a id="err6"></a>In seven of our most -important treaties with as many different tribes we have bound -ourselves to provide education for the children of those tribes. -At a low estimate there are 33,000 children of schoolable age. -The Government has provided accommodations for but 2,589. Add -5,082 as the number who may possibly be further accommodated -in the miserable makeshifts of transient day schools, and you -have but 7,671 as the total provision. (Letter of Acting Indian -Commissioner Brooks, April 28, 1879.)</p> - -<p>But why begin this story? We have made the name Modoc one to -frighten children with for a generation; but the Modoc chief who -killed the brave Gen. Canby had first been himself betrayed, and -had his kindred killed under a U.S. flag of truce; and his women -had been violated and burned to death. (Bishop Whipple’s letter -to <cite>N. Y. Evening Post</cite>, Jan., 1879.) We fought the Nez Perces; -and when that able and manly chief Joseph surrendered, he did it -on conditions the flagrant violation of which on the part of our -Government is known to every Indian on the plains. (Mr. Tibball’s -letter of October 9, 1879, in <cite>N. Y. Tribune</cite>.) We have justified -the sneers with which Sitting Bull dismissed Assistant Secretary -Cowan in a council held before the outbreak of the last Sioux -war: “Return to your own land, and when you have found a white -man who does not lie, come back.” We furnished occasion for the -sorrowful words of the old chief who, after the Custer massacre, -came to the Whipple Commission on the Missouri and said: “Look -out there. The prairie is wet with the blood of the white man. I -hear the voices of beautiful women crying for their husbands, who -will never return. It is not an Indian war. It is a white man’s -war, for the white man has lied. Take this pipe to the great -Father and tell him to smoke it, for it is the pipe of truth.”</p> - -<p>What a parody is this on our national history! We boast of a -father of his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span> country who always told the truth. The Indian -knows our Government by the name of “Washington,” and the Indian -says “Washington always lies.” Gen. Stanley has said: “When I -think of the way we have broken faith, I am ashamed to look an -Indian in the face.” Gen. Harney said to the Sioux in 1868: “If -my Government does not keep this agreement, I will come back and -ask the first Indian I meet to shoot me.” (Bishop Whipple in -<cite>Faribault Democrat</cite>, Jan. 5, 1877.) Gen. Harney does not revisit -the Sioux.</p> - -<p>We have <em>stolen</em> from the Indians; we are stealing from them all -the time. I do not speak of the lordly robbery, in which the -strong possesses himself of the lands, and if occasion serve, -of the home of the weak, and justifies it by the right of the -stronger. I speak of the petty stealing of the thief. Three years -ago there came past my home a long procession of Indian ponies. -Where did they come from? They were the property of the Sioux -on the reservations west of us. In the face of the ordinance of -1789, which expressly declares that their lands and property -shall never be taken, nor their liberties invaded, except in -lawful wars authorized by Congress, in violation of the terms of -their treaties, and in disregard of the express declaration of -the President in response to the telegram of the agent, “Tell the -friendly Indians that they shall be protected in their persons -and property,” their ponies were gathered and driven off by -officers of the army acting under orders. The Indians were left -without their only means of transportation for fuel or food, and -no redress has ever been secured. No inventory of individual -personal property was kept, and the stolen ponies were scattered -through Minnesota, and what were left sold for a song in St. Paul.</p> - -<p>Gen. Crook has recently said that the Sioux of the Red Cloud and -Spotted Tail bands have been robbed during the past winter and -spring of over a thousand ponies, which robbery the army, under -the new <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">posse comitatus</i> act, is powerless to prevent. (Letter -of June 19, 1879, in <cite>New York Tribune</cite>.)</p> - -<p>What I am saying must not be understood as an arraignment of -the officers of the army, or indeed of the chief officials of -the Government. The army officers have been almost without an -exception the firm friends of the Indian, and none have borne -more emphatic testimony to their bad treatment than such generals -as Sherman, Harney, Stanley, Augur, Howard, Pope and Crook. The -latter said the other day, in response to the remark that it -was hard to be called to sacrifice life in settling quarrels -brought about by thieving contractors, “I will tell you a harder -thing. It is to be forced to fight and kill Indians when I know -they are clearly in the right.” The responsibility is with the -representatives of the people, with Congress.</p> - -<p>But to return to the indictment. We have <em>forced the Indians -to break the law</em> by placing them under conditions in which it -was not possible for them to obey the law and live. This can be -proven by the records of many of the Indian reservations when -we have attempted to shut them in on lands where starvation was -inevitable. Of my own knowledge I can speak of a reservation on -which some 1,700 Indians were commanded to remain where there -was barely food for a grasshopper, and where in the month of -September the little children begged the passer for food, and -the dogs were the picture of famine. We have debauched their -women. Remember that an Indian has no standing in our courts, -and it is easy to see what contact with the whites means to him -and his family. He has no redress when his home is violated; -and the knowledge of his helplessness makes him the prey of -every libertine, until on the distant plains the proximity of -a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span> Government post is a sign of his misery. (General Carrington -construed this remark to apply to army officers, and corrected -it publicly. That was not its intent. The officers of the army -are gentlemen. The fort brings into the neighborhood of the -Indians and offers more or less of shelter to many men of a very -different stamp.)</p> - -<p>We have not stopped short of <em>murder</em>. The record is a long and -bloody one. The details of the Custer massacre are still fresh -in your minds. The nation stood still and lifted up its hands in -horror at the disaster which in a moment had annihilated every -man of a large detachment of U.S. troops, not sparing their noble -and brilliant leader. But where was the real “Custer massacre”? -Go back to 1868, to where, under the shadow of Fort Cobb, on -land assigned to them by the United States, stood a small Indian -village. Its chief was Black Kettle, a man whose name was a -by-word among his fellows for cowardice, because he could not be -induced to fight the whites—a man of whom Gen. Harney said, “I -have worn the uniform of the United States for fifty-five years; -I knew Black Kettle well; he was as good a friend of the white -man as I am.”</p> - -<p>He had been to the commandant of the post seeking protection for -himself and his people, because troops were in the neighborhood. -Four days afterwards Gen. Custer surrounded that village, and -although the Indians fought with desperation, not a man, woman or -child escaped alive. Gen. Custer doubtless believed he had fallen -upon a hostile camp. Was the mistake any the less terrible? Was -the butchery any the less shocking? The blood of innocent Indians -on the Wischita cried unto God, and the answer came in the deluge -of blood on the Rosebud. * * * *</p> - -<p>But you ask, has this been the history of our other Indian wars?</p> - -<p>Our first war with the Sioux was in 1852 to 1854. For thirty -years it had been the boast of the Sioux that they had never -killed a white man. How did the war begin? A Mormon emigrant -train crossing the plains lost a cow, which a band of Sioux, who -were living in the neighborhood in perfect peace, found and took. -The Mormons discovering this, made complaint at Fort Laramie, and -a lieutenant with a squad of soldiers was sent to recover the -lost property. It could not be found. It was already assimilated -into Indian. But the Indians offered to pay for it. This the -lieutenant refused to accept, demanding the surrender of the man -who had taken the cow for punishment. The Indians said he could -not be found; whereupon—will it be believed?—the lieutenant -ordered his troops to fire, and the Indian chief fell dead. Those -troops never fired again; they were killed in their tracks; and -this was the beginning of the great Sioux war which cost the -Government forty millions of dollars and many lives. (Speech of -President Seeley, of Massachusetts, in Congress, April 13, 1875.)</p> - -<p>You know the story of the Sioux war in Minnesota—the withheld -appropriations, the taunts and the starvation. We need not open -that terrible chapter again.</p> - -<p>We were at it again in 1866. In violation of the most explicit -agreements we built Forts Phil Kearney, Reno and Smith, in their -country; they flew to arms; the cost to the Government was a -million dollars a month; and finally the forts were vacated.</p> - -<p>We had a great war with the Cheyennes in 1864-5. It began in the -most atrocious massacre that disgraces the annals of our country. -It was at a time when settlers were pouring into Colorado. The -buffalo had become scarce; the annuities for some reason had -ceased; the Indians were sad and depressed. But<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span> they kept the -peace. Black Kettle, of whom I have already spoken, was their -chief. A white man made complaint to a United States officer that -an Indian had stolen some of his horses. The officer did not -know the man, nor whether or not he had owned any horses; but he -fitted out an expedition to seize horses. Soon they ran across -Indians and claimed their stock, though the Indians protested -that they had only ponies and no American horses. A fight ensued -and some Indians were killed. Black Kettle knew his danger. He -rushed at once to the Governor of Colorado, seeking protection. -It was refused. Col. Boone, an old resident of the Territory, -told Bishop Whipple that it was the saddest company he had even -seen when they stopped at his house on their way back. He offered -them food, but they said: “Our hearts are sick; we cannot eat.”</p> - -<p>Soon after troops appeared upon the horizon. Black Kettle and his -two brothers went out with a white flag to meet them. They fired -on the flag and the two brothers fell dead. Black Kettle returned -to his camp. Three men in the United States uniform were in his -tepee. He said; “I believe you are spies; it shall never be said -that a man ate Black Kettle’s bread and came to harm in his tent. -Go to your people before the fight begins.” He gathered his men -and they fought for their lives. A few escaped; but men, women -and children were massacred in a butchery too horrible to relate, -Women were ripped open and babes were scalped; and the Sand -Creek massacre has gone upon record, by testimony that cannot be -impeached, as a “butchery that would have disgraced the tribes -of Central Africa.” (Bishop Whipple’s letter to <cite>Evening Post</cite>, -January, 1879; and the report of the Doolittle Commission.)</p> - -<p>But we fought the Cheyennes again in 1867. What occasioned that -war? Gen. Hancock, “without any known provocation,” as says -the report to Congress of the Indian Bureau, in July, 1867, -surrounded a village of Cheyennes who had been at peace since the -signing of the treaty of 1865, and were quietly occupying the -grounds assigned to them by the treaty, burned down the homes of -three hundred lodges, destroyed all their provisions, clothing, -utensils and property of every description, to the value of -$100,000. This led to a war that extended over three years, and -cost us $40,000,000 and three hundred men. (President Seeley’s -speech.)</p> - -<p>We have just fought the Bannocks and Shoshones. In November, -1878, Gen. Crook wrote to the Government: “With the Bannocks and -Shoshones our Indian policy has resolved itself into a question -of war-path or starvation; and being human, many of them will -choose the former, in which death shall at least be glorious.” -Is it necessary to say anything more of that war? Why pursue the -story? The late Congressman (now President) Seeley, of Amherst -College, says: “There has not been an Indian war for the past -fifty years in which the whites have not been the aggressors.”</p> - -<p>What, then, is to be done? I press upon you the importance of -these resolutions. Standing in the courts, the recognition of the -Indian as a person with rights, inalienable as yours and mine, to -life, to justice, to property, this is the first, the absolute -essential. As long ago as 1807, Governor (afterwards President) -Harrison said: “The utmost efforts to induce the Indians to take -up arms would be unavailing if <em>one only of the many persons -who have committed murder upon their people could be brought to -punishment</em>.” Generals Harney and Pope have testified of late -that this is as true now as then.</p> - -<p>In 1802 President Jefferson wrote to a friend that he had heard -that there was one man left of the Peorias, and said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span> “If there is -only one, justice demands that his rights shall be respected.” -Reviewing subsequent history we may well repeat Jefferson’s -solemn words, “I tremble for my country when I know that God is -just!”</p> - -<p>We can make no more treaties with the Indians. The act of 1871 -put an end to that dreadful farce. There have been nearly 900 -treaties since 1785. They have been the loaded dice with which we -have always won and the Indian always lost. We have hoodwinked -ourselves by them to a perpetual fraud and deception. They have -been to the Indian a veritable compact of death. Relying on -them he has sooner or later found himself held by the throat by -the wolf starvation, or impaled on the bayonet of the soldier; -crowded to the wall by the encroaching settler, or removed to -the wilderness by the Government as soon as he had begun to make -for himself a home. The Stockbridges have been thus removed four -times in a hundred years, and are now on a reservation where it -is impossible to get a living. The Poncas are the latest instance.</p> - -<p>Treaties must give place to personal rights. We must provide -something better for him than a reservation; that is, life in -a community for which we have provided no law, no courts, no -police, no officer other than an anomalous “agent,” no ownership -of land—nothing, in short, that all civilized people regard -as the first element of civilized life, and without which the -congregate life of bodies of men is impossible. We say to him, -Cease to be a savage, hungry but free, and come and be a pauper, -dependent on the will of others, without law, and still hungry. -As one of the agents wrote in 1875: “It is a condition of things -that would turn a white community into chaos in twelve months.” -It behooves every honest man, every man who loves his country, -to see that the day of equal personal rights for the Indian, the -only man on the broad earth who has none, shall at once dawn.</p> - -<p>But I remember that I am speaking to a company of Christians. -Religion before all else can prepare the Indian to make the -most of his citizenship. Look at this picture. Here is a wigwam -in the pine forest. Before it is a tall pole, from the top of -which hangs a dried bladder containing a few rattling shells -and stones. It is the wigwam of Shaydayence, or Little Pelican, -chief medicine man of the Gull Lakers. He is the incarnation of -the devil in that tribe. He holds the tribe in his hand, and -represents their idolatry and their bloodthirstiness. It is due -to him that the missionary has been driven away. More than that, -he is an inveterate drunkard. He has been rescued from freezing -to death, drunk in the woods, by a chance lumberman finding him -and thawing him out before an extemporized fire.</p> - -<p>The scene changes. There is again a wigwam. Lift the blanket door -and enter. Three old women are warming themselves by the fire -in the centre. A young man lies upon the ground singing aloud -from an Ojibway hymn-book, which he reads by the fire-light. An -old man rises to greet you, asks you to sit down, and proceeds -to talk about Jesus Christ. It is the same Shaydayence. He is -known now as the leader of the singing band of the Chippewas, who -goes from house to house with a few young men to plead with his -countrymen to love Christ. A little later you find him living -in a log house with table and chairs and stove, a white man’s -home, cultivating also his garden. What wrought the change? He -had a friend, Nayboneshkong, who was sick and dying. He went -to see him. The sick man had long been a Christian, and now -rallied himself to speak for the last time. Hour after hour he -expostulated and pleaded. He rose from his bed with preternatural -strength. He walked the floor, still talking and praying. Morning -came, Nayboneshkong was dead, and Shaydayence went to his wigwam -to begin the new<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span> life of a Christian man. Observe that he was a -savage, a medicine man and a drunkard. What other influence could -have saved him? Would education, or citizenship, or civilization, -or legal standing, or property rights? Nothing; nothing but the -personal power of Jesus Christ; and that did.</p> - -<p>The story goes that once there appeared at the cave of a hermit -a little child, naked and cold and hungry. The good man eagerly -took him in, and from his own scanty store clothed and fed and -warmed him. He set his heart upon him as upon his own son. The -next day the hermit was gone. It was Jesus who had come thus -needy to his door, and proving his love, had in return taken him -to himself, and like Enoch, the hermit was not. The child, naked -and hungry and cold at our door, is the Indian. I hear the voice -of the Lord himself saying, “Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one -of the least of these, ye have done it unto me.”</p> - -<p>You have pointed out the large part which in the providence of -God may yet be appointed to the negro race to play in doing God’s -work in the world.</p> - -<p>I know nothing of the future of the Indian in this direction. -He may have no “genius for religion,” no “peculiar talent of -faith,” no “wonderful power in song.” That he has talents which -are respectable, none who know him can doubt. But be that as it -may, before all other men he stands to-day the living witness of -the promise of the Scripture, that Christ “is able to save to the -uttermost them that come unto God by him.” He, brethren, is the -“uttermost” man—the sinner who, abused, outcast and despised, -is, at least in your eyes, the furthest of all men from hope and -from Christ. Have you religion enough to try to save him? If so, -begin by showing him justice.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2><a name="THE_CHINESE" id="THE_CHINESE"></a>THE CHINESE.</h2> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div> -<h3>“CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION.”</h3> - -<p class="center"><b>Auxiliary to the American Missionary Association.</b></p> - -<p class="medium"><span class="smcap">President</span>: Rev. J. K. McLean, D. D. -<span class="smcap">Vice-Presidents</span>: Rev. A. L. Stone, D. D., Thomas O. -Wedderspoon, Esq., Rev. T. E. Noble, Hon. F. F. Low, Rev. I. E. -Dwinell, D. D., Hon. Samuel Cross, Rev. S. H. Willey, D. D., -Edward P. Flint, Esq., Rev. J. W. Hough, D. D., Jacob S. Taber, -Esq.</p> - -<p class="medium"><span class="smcap">Directors</span>: Rev. George Mooar, D. D., Hon. E. D. Sawyer, -Rev. E. P. Baker, James M. Haven, Esq., Rev. Joseph Rowell, Rev. -John Kimball, E. P. Sanford, Esq.</p> - -<p class="medium"><span class="smcap">Secretary</span>: Rev. W. C. Pond. <span class="smcap">Treasurer</span>: E. -Palache, Esq.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>The report opens with stating the greatness of the problems -with which the Association has to grapple, protests against the -discriminating legislation of State and nation, and concludes as -follows:</p> - -<p>We regard the work of this Association among the Chinamen in -America as fruitful in good results. Its Superintendent on -the field has said: “I doubt whether any evangelistic labor -in connection with our churches has yielded larger results, -in proportion to the funds employed and the breadth which we -have been permitted to give to the work.” That work has been -limited. Out of $179,000 expended by this Association last year, -only $6,596 was given to this work. This was increased a little -by other funds in California. But this sum, applied to twelve -schools, with twenty-one teachers and 1,489 pupils, is too small -for the greatness of the work, for the 100,000 Chinamen in this -country have the closest relations with the millions left at -home. They are constantly coming and going. The Rev. W. C. Pond -said in 1876 that during<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[402]</a></span> the fourteen preceding years nearly -130,000 had landed in San Francisco, or about 9,000 annually; but -they are returning nearly or quite as fast as they come. They -are “picked young men, industrious, enterprising, persistent.” -As they come to us, feel our molding touch to harden or to -soften, and then return home, we owe it to them, to ourselves, -and to Christ, to pass as much as possible of this moving stream -of immortal souls through our schools and under the influence -of One greater than Confucius. We want the returning stream to -bear on its bosom the glad tidings of the Lord Jesus Christ. We, -therefore, recommend the enlargement of this work to its utmost -demand. It touches vitally the evangelization of 400,000,000 -of brothers and sisters. This work is broader than that among -the Indian and the Negro; it is broader than the evangelization -of Africa. We press its importance, therefore, both upon the -officers and the constituent members of this Association, for by -and by we may see in it the Divine purpose to redeem China by -means of the Chinamen returning home laden with the riches of -grace, more precious than gold.</p> - -<p>Your committee desire to express their high appreciation of the -able and exhaustive paper on the Chinese question read before the -Association by the Rev. J. H. Twichell, and submitted to this -committee, and recommend its publication.</p> - -<p>Your committee deem it of great importance suitably to recognize -the action of President Hayes in saving us by a veto from -national disgrace. When Congress had so far forgotten the whole -past policy of our Government, and the principles of Christianity -imbedded in the foundations of the Republic, as to pass a bill -indirectly abrogating a treaty unmentioned in the bill, the -Executive interposed and saved both our treaty and our honor.</p> - -<p>We would suggest, therefore, the expression of our appreciation -of his action in the adoption of the following resolution, viz.:</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That the American Missionary Association, assembled -in its thirty-third anniversary, believing that the treaties -existing between the United States and China, so far as they -relate to the rights of emigration from one country to the other, -and the treatment such emigrants should receive from the people -and nation among whom and in which they live, are right, just, -wise and Christian, does heartily record its appreciation of -the high services which President Hayes, under God, has, by his -timely veto of the anti-Chinese bill, been enabled to render -the Republic, in preserving inviolate its treaty obligations -and also the cause of Christianity, in removing a threatened -formidable barrier to the evangelization of the Chinese, not only -in America, but also in their native land, and the Association -hereby tenders him its profound thanks for the same.</p> - -<p><em>Resolved</em>, That the secretaries of this Association be -authorized to convey to President Hayes this our action.</p> - -<div class="third"></div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">A. Hastings Ross</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">W. A. Nichols</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Charles C. Cragin</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Mark Williams</span>,<br /> -</div> -<div class="third"> - <span class="smcap">C. Caverno</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">E. M. Williams</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Jee Gam</span>.<br /> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>UNITED STATES AND CHINA—THE SITUATION.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. J. H. TWICHELL, HARTFORD, CONN.</p> - -<h4>OUR OPPORTUNITY.</h4> - -<p>* * * * Much as anterior conditions and causes have to do with -it, the great opportunity now maturing in China for the ingress -of revolutionary influences from without, has been pre-eminently -shaped by Protestant missions;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span> and in the nature of the case, -it devolves on Protestant Christendom the highest obligations -to meet it that circumstances can create. To no other nation, -however, does such a share of this opportunity and corresponding -obligation fall as to the United States; for we sustain relations -to the Chinese Government and to the Chinese people that are, in -important respects, singular.</p> - -<p>(1.) To begin with, there is the relation of <em>neighborhood</em>. -Sailing up the Pacific, near our coast, one summer evening, Yung -Wing, leaning against the steamer guards, and looking across the -level waters to the westward, said, “Yonder lies my country, next -land to this.” Between us and China, between our two realms, -the one so old, the other so young, for a thousand miles of -coast on either side, nothing intervenes but the sea, which no -state owns, and that is contiguity. Along so great a boundary -America and China may be said to touch, yet without possibility -of territorial dispute. And this nearness is one feature of our -special opportunity.</p> - -<p>(2.) A second and more pregnant feature of it is to be noted -in the <em>good-will</em> that in a peculiar degree characterizes the -relations of our two countries in the past and in the present. -This may seem a strange thing to say just now, but the truth of -it will appear on a brief survey of facts. Probably it is less -our merit than our fortune, but it is certainly the latter, -that through the whole stage of that unhappy, though largely -unavoidable collision of China with the foreign powers, by which -she was forced off from her intolerable policy of exclusion, -our Government was the least conspicuous of the principal -aggressors,—less so than France, less so than England, less -so than Russia. To the several treaties in which the collision -issued, that with the United States, and that alone, contained -the express provision that the parties to it, and their peoples -respectively, should “not insult or oppress each other for any -trifling cause, so as to produce an estrangement between them.” -There has been, and is, less bitter remembrance of us on the -score of that conflict than of the other belligerents engaged -in it. Again, while we have subsequently had men in the various -ranks of our diplomatic service in China who have hurt us there, -and have them still, we have probably given least offence on -<em>that</em> score. No thanks to our civil service want of system; but -in the providence of God, we have had more than our proportion -there of men who have helped our good fame. Eighteen years ago -we sent thither an ambassador, one result of whose six years of -official life there was, that at the end of that time jealous -Pekin had come to recognize in him, what he truly was, a friend -to China. I mean, of course, Anson Burlingame, of Massachusetts. -For his friendship, China offered to his acceptance honors never -before or since conferred on a foreigner. She freely committed -to his hands a trust of supreme magnitude. She made him her -ambassador to all the western people. In that capacity he came -home to his own country, and framed with us the first of that new -series of treaties in which China gave and received the pledge -that made her a member on equal footing of the family of nations. -And that treaty, the work of our own citizen, large minded -enough to value the capabilities of that great people, large -hearted enough also to make his sympathy felt by its rulers, -still stands, and is <em>going</em> to stand. But this most remarkable -and luminous paragraph of history—is there another such between -China and any other nation but ours?</p> - -<p>(3.) Finally, as if to supply the last term required to complete -our relationship for all possible service to the Chinese race, as -if to openly designate and summon us to the office of aiding its -emergence into a new life, especially of ministering<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[404]</a></span> to it the -holy faith, (which is the best gift we have to impart, the one -secret and source of our happier lot,) for us and for us alone, -of all Protestant Christendom, by bringing to our soil, to the -presence of our institutions, to our church doors, a multitude -of Chinese people themselves, God provided the condition of -<em>personal contact</em>. That was the rounding and perfection of our -opportunity.</p> - -<p>But, it will naturally be inquired, is not whatsoever exceptional -advantage gained for us in the past mostly annulled by the later -and recent record of social and political hostility here at home, -which stands against us in our account with China? I think not.</p> - -<p>The shameful truth is, China is wonted to the ill-treatment of -her subjects on foreign Christian soil, and if we have furnished -no exception to the rule, our outrage has been milder than she is -accustomed to; so that, after all that has happened to wound her -feelings here, there still remains to us the benefit, though it -is nothing, I repeat, to be proud of, of comparison with worse -doers.</p> - - -<h4>ADVANTAGES OF THE ANTI-CHINESE AGITATION.</h4> - -<p>I am glad to pass to a pleasanter topic, and to remark next, that -there are certain incidental consequences of the anti-Chinese -agitation, and, as well, certain circumstances felicitously -contemporaneous with it, that have operated to offset and -countervail the injury which that agitation may be supposed to -have inflicted on our relation with China—that have done more -than that.</p> - -<p>First, it has developed and brought out into expression a <em>vastly -preponderant public opinion adverse to the whole movement</em>. The -argument for it has been heard and canvassed, and not without -sympathy; for it was presented by our own countrymen, and it -was not to be questioned that they were in a measure of honest -difficulty of some sort with the matter they brought to trial. -But I think it is entirely true to say that the event of the -discussion has been that the argument is answered. It did not -stand as to its facts. I believe that all the main counts of the -indictment against Chinese emigration and Chinese emigrants we -severally disproved to the public satisfaction.</p> - -<p>But beside this aspect of the case, and to a great extent -independently of it, the judgment asked for, <em>viz., the adoption -of the policy of exclusion, was considered</em>. Whereupon it -appeared that it was the proposal of an act no less serious, no -less forbidden, than to disown and repudiate a principle, the -maintenance of which more than any other thing distinguishes -us as a nation, which our fathers built into the foundation of -our government, which we have always advocated to the world in -every publishment of our political creed—a principle which -we have ever claimed to be one of natural right, which we -have persistently endeavored, from the outset of our national -existence, to persuade other governments to recognize as such, -and which we had particularly emphasized in the very treaty of -which this act, if consented to, would be the violation. It -appeared, furthermore, that it was a proposal that we take toward -China the very attitude which we had helped force China out of, -as towards ourselves and other nations, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">i. e.</i>, that we borrow a -page of cast-off Chinese politics and insert it in our law—that -it was a proposal to return from the nineteenth to the eleventh -century, and convert to the use of a modern free republic -something in the likeness of a medieval edict against the Jews; -that, finally, it was a proposal to go back upon ourselves, to -revoke our own most recent step of advance in civilization, and -restore that doctrine of race discrimination, which we had lately -put away.</p> - -<p>And when this was seen, the country said, No! Legislature, -chamber of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span> commerce, institutions of learning, benevolent -organizations, united in the protest. The general voice was, that -whatever evil there was to be remedied must be dealt with in some -other way. A Congressional committee, indeed, brought in a report -not warranted by the evidence it had heard, favorable to the -policy of exclusion—the lamented Morton dissenting—and Congress -itself passed the anti-Chinese bill. But that was Congress, -which has reasons of its own for what it does sometimes, not -very mysterious in this instance. But the report for the people, -which the people with little distinction of party gratefully and -audibly accepted, was made by President Hayes in his strong veto.</p> - -<p>Of course the Chinese Government, through its representatives at -Washington, is accurately informed of all this; and besides, the -Chinese Government reads the papers. Thus an attempt which, had -it succeeded, would have destroyed our friendship with China, has -not only failed, but has been the occasion of such an expression -of the national sentiment of good-will toward her as never had -been made before, and as could not have been made otherwise.</p> - -<p>A minor but very much to be noted result of the affair has been -<em>the disclosure of the actual state of things in California</em>. -It has shown how and where the anti-Chinese movement started, -how low its origin was and how it grew, by what means, by what -management it drew into it such respectable elements as it did; -that it was fomented by the press operating in the field of -State politics—that it was mainly a worked-up irrational furor -kindling by contagion, and did not really signify what it seemed -to. It was shown that much of the best part of California was not -in it. Why, the evidence for the defence on which the country, -balancing it with the other evidence heard, found its verdict -aforesaid, was, all of it, the evidence of California men—men -from the first rank of citizenship. It transpired that there was -in California a not inconsiderable party on the poor Chinaman’s -side, not forbearing to denounce and oppose the violation of his -rights, and to testify in his favor, that much as had been said -and done there against him, a good deal in the name of Christian -benevolence and humanity and justice had been said and done for -him. And so in the upshot of the public trial of the case it has -come about that the offence of California is mitigated by it.</p> - -<p>And to the affront perpetrated in the halls of Congress in -addition to the offset furnished by the public attitude, there -has been a special one, too remarkable not to be mentioned. -It was a most lamentable spectacle to see a man like James G. -Blaine, of New England, in the eminence of his position, his -great gifts and his reputation, stand up in the United States -Senate, and before the world turn the power of his rare eloquence -against the cause of the weak. It was too bad. It cannot be -excused. But not only did his utterances call out replies from -the most capable and influential sources, notably from Dr. -S. Wells Williams, long resident in China, but now of Yale -College, than whom there is no higher authority on China and -Chinese affairs living; from Henry Ward Beecher, in a splendid -address given in Philadelphia on the 3d of last March; and -from William Lloyd Garrison, in a noble letter of protest, his -dying deliverance, the last shot the old warrior for humanity -fired;—not only, I say, did Mr. Blaine provoke these replies by -which he was convicted of ignorance and fallacy and his argument -throughout annihilated; but it happened that almost at the same -time he was misrepresenting both China and us at the Capitol, -another citizen of this country, in the eminence of a still -more illustrious fame, was in the far East, in the audience of -China herself, speaking our true mind for us; for it was to -a delegation of the Chinese merchants of Penang that, in the -month of April of the present year, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, in -that felicity of well-chosen and straightforward simple speech -that is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[406]</a></span> characteristic of him, said, “The hostility of which -you complain does not represent the real sentiment of America, -but is the work of demagogues. * * * I do not doubt, and no one -can doubt, that in the end, no matter what effect the agitation -for the time being may have, the American people will treat the -Chinese with kindness and justice, and not deny to the true and -deserving people of your country the asylum they offer to the -rest of the world.” And may God bless him for saying it.</p> - -<p>Moreover, in the month of June following, this same man of great -deeds and weighty speech, in an interview with certain of the -highest officials of the empire at Peking, and at their request, -offered counsel, which a few weeks later, on a like request, he -repeated in an interview with the Emperor of Japan, to the effect -that the time had now arrived when the two nations of China and -Japan, in peace and close alliance with one another, should no -longer submit as they had done to the interference and dictation -of foreign powers in their affairs; should assume control of -their own commerce, and together stand for their independence and -their proper rights, as it became so great nations to do, and as -they were able to do against the world. God bless him for saying -that, too! It was the most seasonable word, next to the Gospel, -that has been spoken on that side of the world in this age. And -I, for one, am thankful and proud that it was an American who had -the breadth of vision and the magnanimity to speak it.</p> - -<p>And now there remains to be spoken of an outcome of good from -the anti-Chinese agitation that is of more immediately practical -consequence than any other. It has been the occasion of calling -universal and earnest <em>attention</em>, such as had not been drawn to -it before, and such as it is scarcely conceivable could have been -drawn to it otherwise, <em>to the fact of the presence within our -borders of so many of the Chinese people</em>. The nation at large -is now aware of them and informed with respect to them. While -it is not yet settled what is to be done with them politically, -and while no doubt there will be further contention over them, -it does seem to be settled that they are not to go by a violent -dismissal. Here they are, then, more than a hundred thousand -souls of them, and here they are to stay. They are an object of -the very highest interest, and that for more reasons than one. -Not only are they such in themselves, but they constitute by -far the most vital point of our contact with that great nation -beyond the sea, and afford the most available means and medium -of reaching it that we possess. And we are interested in them on -our own account. By their presence we have already been put to -the test in one way, and we are still to be tested by them in -other ways. We are to be tested as to the capacity of our civil -institutions, and as to the power of our religion—no, not as to -the power of our religion, but as to our power in it.</p> - -<p>It is one of the most humiliating confessions that can be made, -to say that these people cannot be granted room on our soil, with -liberty and justice under our laws, with safety to ourselves. It -is a still more humiliating confession to say that the attempt to -Christianize them is a hopeless one.</p> - -<p>Is it so that in their case we have come to the end of our -resources for securing men the exercise and enjoyment of their -few inalienable rights under our Government? Then they are -vastly less than we had thought. Is it so that the encounter of -our Christianity with heathenism in the persons of a few score -thousand pagans, here on our ground, within hearing of our -Sabbath bells, is too much to be ventured, lest heathenism win -the day? Then there is not enough to our Christianity to make it -much matter.</p> - -<p>It is all absurd to say such things. It is not indeed to be -questioned that the problem of dealing with this strange element -thrown in upon us is a perplexed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span> and difficult one; but it is -not the first perplexed and difficult matter we have had to -accommodate, nor is it the last. Our labors as a nation are not -over. The time when there will be no perilous or incommoding -exigencies arising to disturb our ease as citizens is far -distant. Who thinks it not so is greatly mistaken. As other -vexing problems in the past have been solved, so with patience -this Chinese problem can be without sacrifice of principle.</p> - - -<h4>OUR CHRISTIAN DUTY.</h4> - -<p>It is a work in which the state and the church must co-operate. -But we are here to-day to look especially to the part which the -latter has in it—as servants of Christ and as representatives -of the Christian community to attend to the cry of the poor that -comes to us from the Pacific coast, and to consider how we shall -respond to it.</p> - -<p>The one thing which we are disallowed, be it first of all -observed, is to deem that our principal duty in the premises is -discharged by giving hard words to California. We are not to sit -in judgment on California. We are not in a position to do so, and -I trust we are not disposed to do so. There are reasons which the -rest of the country does not perceive, certainly does not feel -as California does, why the presence in her population of this -unassimilated foreign mass is very undesirable and very trying. -Not a doubt of it. I have heard Yung Wing himself say it. We may -with propriety, in view of some reasons, on the other hand, that -naturally enough we see more clearly than they do in California, -plead with our fellow-citizens there to try and discern the -larger aspects of the situation, and <a id="err7"></a>to bear whatsoever ills -it entails upon them till they can be remedied in the way that -is best for all of us and for all men. If I had the ear of the -Irish citizens of California I would plead with them, as lately -foreigners themselves, and as sons of a church that for more than -five hundred years has befriended China through her missions, -and is still doing it, to regard these new foreigners with more -kindness.</p> - -<p>California is a grand State—splendid in her youthful prime—a -queenly figure sitting there on her golden shore—our own flesh -and blood. Our warmest sympathies, our best hopes are with her. -To look upon any fault of hers with less than a generous charity -is out of character, and besides, in the present instance, it is -nothing to the purpose. The only course for Christian America -to take at this juncture is to offer California our Christian -service. That we can do, and the way of it is plain. There are -faithful brethren and faithful churches in California ready -and waiting for help in the work already by them inaugurated, -and carried on sufficiently far to prove beyond cavil the -practicability of its success, bringing these Chinese thousands -under the sway of the gospel of Christ. Some help we have sent -them, but not enough. There ought to be abundance of it; not -only abundance, but a sufficiency—all that can be used to -advantage. This is a mission that ought to be lavishly supported, -that ought not to be stinted as respects either money or men. -And the time to push it is now. If the churches of the country -will encourage and assist the enterprise in a free-handed, -free-hearted, neighborly way—the churches of our order, through -the agency of this vigorous and patriotic Association—the -Chinese question would ere long be satisfactorily and permanently -disposed of. Nothing would be so effectual to modify and reshape -the public sentiment of California upon it as such a Christian -demonstration. Nothing would more effectually contribute to the -evangelization of China. Nor is there anything at present within -our power that would apparently do more to hasten the conversion -of the world.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="RECEIPTS" id="RECEIPTS"></a>RECEIPTS</h2> - -<p class="center large">FOR OCTOBER, 1879.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="center"> - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MAINE, $94.74.</td></tr> - - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Bangor. First Parish Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">$28.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Bethel. Second Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Brownville. C. L. Nichols, 2 bbls. of C.</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">East Madison. Eliza Bicknell</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Gardiner. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">16.84</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">North Yarmouth. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Orland. M. C. Trott</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Thomaston. Ladies of Cong. Ch., bbl. of C.</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Wells. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">15.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>Winterport. W. R. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Winthrop. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.40</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Woolwich. John Percy, $2; E. H. T., 50c</td> - <td class="ramt">2.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Yarmouth. First Cong. Ch., 3 bbls. of C., Central Ch., bbl. of C.</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEW HAMPSHIRE, $121.58.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Amherst. Women’s Memorial Union, $10; -First Cong. Ch., $7.50</td> - <td class="ramt">17.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Atkinson. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Colebrook. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Concord. No. Cong. Ch., bbl. of C.</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Derry. Mrs. H. R. Underhill, box and bbl. -of C.</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Dover. Mrs. Dr. L.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Fitzwilliam. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hillsborough Bridge. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">3.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lancaster. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">15.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Milford. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">13.58</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Nashua. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">16.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">New Ipswich. Proceeds of Children’s Fair</td> - <td class="ramt">16.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">New Ipswich. Cong. Sab. Sch. ($10 of which -from Leavitt Lincoln)</td> - <td class="ramt">13.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Wolfborough. Rev. S. Clark</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">VERMONT, $303.38.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Barnet. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $18.29; -M. Larens, $3.88</td> - <td class="ramt">22.17</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cambridge. Madison Safford</td> - <td class="ramt">44.94</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Charlotte. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">41.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Derby. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">East Poultney. A. D. Wilcox</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Ferrisburg. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">2.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">McIndoe’s Falls. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">17.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Montgomery Centre. “Friends”</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Newport. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Saint Albans. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">17.19</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Saint Johnsbury. North Ch. Sab. Sch.</td> - <td class="ramt">50.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">South Ryegate. Mrs. Wm. Nelson</td> - <td class="ramt">50.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">West Brattleborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">14.66</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Weybridge. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">22.67</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MASSACHUSETTS, $6,208.96.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Agawam. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.62</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Amherst. North Cong. Ch. and Soc., $60, to -const. <span class="smcap">Austin D. Loomis</span> and <span class="smcap">Wm. D. -Crocker</span>, L. M.’s;—Mrs. R. A. Lester, $50.00</td> - <td class="ramt">110.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Andover. Old South Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">300.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Ashby. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Attleborough Falls. Central Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.86</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">14.23</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Charlestown. Winthrop Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">60.23</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Charlton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. $10.86, and -Sab. Sch. $5.24</td> - <td class="ramt">16.10</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Chelsea. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. $45.40; -Central Cong. Ch. and Soc. $16.30</td> - <td class="ramt">61.70</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Chicopee. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">18.35</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Bernardston. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Boston. Mrs. Henry Mayo, $10, <i>for Lady -Missionary, Memphis, Tenn.</i>;—G. E. S. K., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">11.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Boxborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Brookline. Harvard Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">76.61</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Bridgewater. Central Sq. Trin. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">41.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">East Hampton. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">75.92</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Fitchburg. Rollstone Cong. Ch. and Soc., -$154.03, to const. <span class="smcap">Samuel S. Holton, Geo. -P. Crosby, Thomas R. Lawrence, Wm. A. -Loomis</span> and <span class="smcap">Mrs. Rebecca S. Carpenter</span>, -L. M.’s;—E. C. Ch. and Soc., $133.89</td> - <td class="ramt">287.92</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Florence. A. L. Williston</td> - <td class="ramt">500.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Framingham. South. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">50.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Gardner. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Georgetown. “A Friend”</td> - <td class="ramt">50.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Harvard. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">34.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Haverhill. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">46.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Holyoke. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">9.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hubbardston. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc., -$31.25;—Cong. Sab. Sch., $22.37; Juv. Miss. -Circle, $17, <i>for Student Aid, Fisk U.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">70.62</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hyde Park. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">28.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Ipswich. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lancaster. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (ad’l)</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lee. Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> - <td class="ramt">75.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lowell. Elliot Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">28.65</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lowell. Pawtucket Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">14.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lynn. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc., $16.50; -H. J. Martin, $3, and bbl. of C.</td> - <td class="ramt">19.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Monson. Rev. C. B. Sumner</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Newburyport. North Cong. Ch., $100, <i>for a -Lady Missionary, Macon, Ga.</i>;—Belleville -Cong. Ch. and Soc., $67</td> - <td class="ramt">167.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Newton. Eliot Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">125.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Northampton. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">73.07</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">North Leominster. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Norwood. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $20.60; Mrs. -H. N. F., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">21.60</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Oxford. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">22.09</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Pittsfield. Second Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Princeton. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">3.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Quincy. Evan. Cong. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">72.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Rockport. Levi Sewall</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Roxbury. Misses Soren</td> - <td class="ramt">4.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Rutland. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Salem. M. T. Goodhue</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Sandwich. H. H. Nye</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Shirley Village. H. H. Nye</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Somerset. Rev. J. C. Halliday</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Somerville. “A Friend.”</td> - <td class="ramt">.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Southampton. J. E. Phelps</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">South Hadley Falls. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">15.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Springfield. “A Friend,” <i>for a Teacher</i></td> - <td class="ramt">500.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Springfield. Memorial Ch., $31.58; First -Cong. Ch. and Soc., $26.38; So. Cong. Ch. -and Soc., $20.78; Mrs. P. B., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">79.74</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Stoneham. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">12.34</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Townsend. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Westborough. Freedmen’s M. Ass’n, bbl. of C.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">West Boylston. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">20.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Westfield. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Westhampton. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">14.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Weymouth. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. -$48.75; Ladies’ Miss. Soc. of Second Ch., -$13.25, to const. <span class="smcap">Mrs. Lizzie Ann Torrey</span> -and <span class="smcap">Miss Emeline F. Paine</span>, L. M.’s</td> - <td class="ramt">62.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Winchendon. First Cong. Sab. Sch., to const. -<span class="smcap">Martha E. Smith</span>, L. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Worcester. Estate of Rev. M. G. Grosvenor, -by David Manning, Ex.</td> - <td class="ramt">2,500.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Worcester. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc., -$159.44; Salem St. Ch. and Soc., $68.01;—Salem -St. Sab. Sch., $50, <i>for Student Aid, -Atlanta U.</i>;—Old South Ch. and Soc., $36.45; -Hiram Smith and family, $30; “E. C. C.,” -$20</td> - <td class="ramt">363.90</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">RHODE ISLAND, $355.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Providence. Central Cong. Ch., <i>for Church -building, Florence, Ala.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">100.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Providence. Beneficent Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">250.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Westerly. Mrs. Emeline Smith</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">CONNECTICUT, $1,018.62.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Ashford. L. H. Carpenter</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Avon. Cong. Ch. (of which $100 from Harry -Chidsey and $1.50 from Mrs. M. Avent)</td> - <td class="ramt">129.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cheshire. “A Friend”</td> - <td class="ramt">15.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Berlin. Second Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">20.11</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">East Woodstock. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">19.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Farmington. Cong. Ch., quarterly coll.</td> - <td class="ramt">74.60</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Franklin. Cong. Ch. (ad’l)</td> - <td class="ramt">8.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Georgetown. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Guilford. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">20.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hockanum. Mrs. E. M. Roberts, $5; South -Cong. Ch., $4</td> - <td class="ramt">9.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Higganum. Mrs. Susan Gladwin, $2; Mrs. -R. Reed, $1.24; Mrs. G. S. G., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">4.24</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Litchfield. “L. M.”</td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Middletown. First Ch., $79.30; Rev. Geo. L. -Edwards, $2</td> - <td class="ramt">81.30</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Mill Brook. Mrs. E. R. A</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Milford. Mrs. David Merwin</td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">New Haven. “A. T.” $20; E. Pendleton, -$10; N. J., 50 cts</td> - <td class="ramt">30.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">North Guilford. Mrs. E. F. Dudley</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Norfolk. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">75.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Norwalk. Mrs. Dea. Chas. Lockwood</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Norwich. Mrs. Dr. Chas. Lee</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Old Saybrook. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">8.30</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Plainville. “A Friend” to const. <span class="smcap">Mrs. Mary -Wright</span> and <span class="smcap">Mrs. Henrietta Beach</span>, L. M’s</td> - <td class="ramt">100.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Preston City. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">26.75</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Putnam. “A Friend”</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Southport. “A Friend,” <i>for a Student, Fisk U.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Thomaston. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">25.11</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Warren. <span class="smcap">Legacy</span> of Dea. Wm. Hopkins, by -Geo. C. Hopkins, Ex.</td> - <td class="ramt">100.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Watertown. John De Forest, $75, <i>for Student -Aid, Fisk U.</i>;—Truman Percy, $30, to -const. <span class="smcap">Mary E. Short</span>, L.M</td> - <td class="ramt">105.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">West Winsted. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">16.71</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Windsor. J. W. Baker</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Windsor Locks. Young Ladies’ Social Soc., -<i>for a Lady Missionary</i></td> - <td class="ramt">50.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEW YORK, $444.99.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Amsterdam. S. Louise Bell</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Brooklyn. Central Cong. Sab. Sch., $30, <i>for -a Lady Missionary</i> and to const. <span class="smcap">E. R. Kennedy</span>, -L. M., and $25 <i>for Rev. Geo. Henry</i></td> - <td class="ramt">55.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Brooklyn. Rev. A. Merwin, $10; Puritan Ch. -$8; Mrs. J. V. Houten, $2</td> - <td class="ramt">20.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Camillus. Isaiah Wilcox, to const. <span class="smcap">Miss</span> -<span class="smcap">Flora Butterfield</span>, L. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cortland. C. E. Booth, 25c. and pkg. of newspapers</td> - <td class="ramt">0.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">East Bloomfield. Mrs. A. G. P.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">East Wilson. Rev. H. Halsey, $50; Chas. M. -Clark, $3</td> - <td class="ramt">53.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Essex Co. “A Friend,” <i>for Student Aid, -Fisk U.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">50.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Groton. Dr. C. Chapman</td> - <td class="ramt">6.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hempstead. Mrs. C. M. H.</td> - <td class="ramt">0.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Jamestown.————,</td> - <td class="ramt">20.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Keeseville. Mrs. M. A. H.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lisbon. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">8.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Middleton. Samuel Ayres ($2 of which <i>for -Foreign M.</i>)</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">New York. S. J. B.</td> - <td class="ramt">0.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Oxford. Associated Presb. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.57</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Perry Centre. Cong. Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">20.24</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Portland. J. S. Coon, $5; Rev. J. R. B., $1; -Others, $1.25</td> - <td class="ramt">7.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Pulaski. Miss M. E. P.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Rochester. Plymouth Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">75.82</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Rome. John B. Jervis</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Syracuse. “Member of Plymouth Ch.,”</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">West Farms. Mrs. Rev. A. Wood, $10; Ref. -Ch. S. S., pkg. of Books</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Westmoreland. First Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.11</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">——“A Friend,” <i>for Teachers and Students</i></td> - <td class="ramt">15.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEW JERSEY, $57.27.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">East Orange. Grove St. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">21.27</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Englewood. Chas. Taylor</td> - <td class="ramt">11.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Montclair. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">PENNSYLVANIA, $68.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Clark. Mrs. Elizabeth Dickson and Miss -Eliza Dickson, $25; Mrs. H. B. Harrington $5</td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lynn. S. W. Smith</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Norristown. M. W. Cooke</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Philadelphia. M. E. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Sharpsburgh. Joseph Turner</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">West Alexander. Robert Davidson</td> - <td class="ramt">20.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">OHIO, $1,236.56.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Berlin Heights. N. S. Wright</td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cincinnati. Sab. Sch. of Storrs Cong. Ch. to -const. <span class="smcap">John Elliott Rice</span>, L. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cleveland. Plymouth Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">57.33</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Collamer. Union Sab. Sch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Geneva. W. M. A.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hudson. S. Straight, <i>for rebuilding Straight U.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">1000.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hudson. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">13.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hiram. M. S.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lindenville. John Thompson</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Medina. Woman’s Miss. Soc., by Mary J. -Munger, Treas.</td> - <td class="ramt">7.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Painsville. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">37.03</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Saybrook. Sabbath Sch. District No. 3, for -<i>Student Aid, Tougaloo U.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Senecaville. Rev. E. T.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Steubenville. Women’s Miss. Soc. of First -Cong. Ch., by Martha J. Leslie, Treas.</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Tallmadge. Cong. Sab. Sch. $20.00; “A -Friend,” $6</td> - <td class="ramt">26.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Twinsburgh. L. W. and R. F. Green</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Yellow Springs. Mrs. Mary A. Cone</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">West Andover. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">15.20</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">INDIANA, $7.34.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Dublin. H. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">0.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Evansville. Rev. J. Q. A.</td> - <td class="ramt">0.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Solsberry. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.34</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">ILLINOIS, $472.54.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Buda. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">17.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Chicago. Lincoln Park Cong. Ch., $31.79; -Mrs. E. Rathburn, $10.50; First Cong. Ch. -(ad’l) $5; Three Ladies at Annual Meeting, -$3; Woman’s Miss. Soc. of N. E. Ch. $2.25</td> - <td class="ramt">52.54</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Collinsville. Mrs. J. S. Peers and J. F. -Wadsworth and Wife</td> - <td class="ramt">20.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Elgin. Mrs. Gail Borden, $10; “Little -Freddie,” 2c.</td> - <td class="ramt">10.02</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Englewood. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.12</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Fitchville. First Cong. Ch., $14; Second -Cong. Ch., $5</td> - <td class="ramt">19.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Freedom. Mrs. John Hubbard</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Genesco. Lucy B. Perry</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Granville. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">45.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Jefferson. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">20.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Kewanee. Bureau Association, by Mrs. C. -C. Cully, <i>for Missionary, Liberty Co., Ga.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">100.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Kewanee. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">24.07</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lake Forest. Rev. W. A. Nichols</td> - <td class="ramt">17.85</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lockport. Cong. Ch., $4.04; I. P., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">5.04</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Park Ridge. Geo. B. Carpenter, $5; L. P. S., -$1: Others, $2</td> - <td class="ramt">8.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Pittsfield. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">10.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Prospect Park. Mrs. Emma L. Boyd</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Rockford. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">32.06</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Sheffield. Cong. Ch. (of which $14 <i>for Lady -Missionary, Liberty Co., Ga.</i>)</td> - <td class="ramt">35.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Summer Hill. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.40</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Sterling. C. H. Rich</td> - <td class="ramt">9.69</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Wethersfield. Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Kellogg</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Willamette. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Woodstock. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">2.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">——Freeman Miles</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MICHIGAN, $283.66.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Armada. Cong. Ch., <i>for Missionary, Memphis, -Tenn.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">9.35</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Bellevue. Mrs. N. E. B., $1; M. A. H., 50c.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Benzonia. Amasa Waters and Wife, $11; -Rev. A. L. Gridley and Wife, $6; S. A. -Wells and Wife, $2; D. B. Spencer and -Wife, $2; Others, $5</td> - <td class="ramt">26.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cooper. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.22</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Edwardsburgh. S. C. Olmsted</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Galesburg. Mrs. S. M. S.</td> - <td class="ramt">0.51</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Grand Blanc. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">16.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Homestead. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">3.59</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Imlay City. Woman’s Miss. Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Imlay City. Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> - <td class="ramt">2.26</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Northfield. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.03</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Olivet. Cong. Ch., $24.20; S. F. Drury, $10 -<i>for Scholarship, Straight U.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">34.20</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Richland. Mrs. R. Boyles</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">St. Clair. Young People’s Miss. Soc., <i>for -Lady Missionary, Memphis, Tenn.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">18.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Union City. “A Friend”</td> - <td class="ramt">100.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Stony Run. “Friends”</td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Portland. T. L. Maille</td> - <td class="ramt">15.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Vienna. Union Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">12.00<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span></td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">IOWA, $861.24.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Algona. J. B. Leake</td> - <td class="ramt">3.81</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Ames. Ladies’ Cong. Ch., <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Belle Plain. Ladies of Cong. Ch., <i>for Lady -Missionary, New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">4.65</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">College Springs. <span class="smcap">Estate</span> of Rev. J. Lowery, -by Mrs. N. Lowery</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Decorah. Rev. J. F. T.</td> - <td class="ramt">0.90</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Denmark. Cong. Ch. Sab. School</td> - <td class="ramt">17.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Des Moines. Ladies of Cong. Ch., $10; -“Prairie Chickens,” $7, <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">17.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Durant. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Franklin Co. “Widow’s offering”</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Green Mountain. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Green Mountain. Ladies of Cong. Ch. <i>for -Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">1.35</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Grinnell. <span class="smcap">Estate</span> of Chas. F. Dike, by Mrs. -C. F. Dike, Executrix</td> - <td class="ramt">500.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Grinnell. Cong. Ch. and Soc. $74.66;—“A -Friend” $20, <i>for Student preparing for African -M.</i>;—Ladies of Cong. Ch. $10, <i>for Lady -Missionary, New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">104.66</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Hampton. Cong. Ch. $9.38; Ladies’ Aid Soc. -$5</td> - <td class="ramt">14.38</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Iowa City. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">21.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Jamestown. Women of Cong. Ch. and Soc. -<i>for Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Mason City. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">11.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Maquoketa. Ladies of Cong. Ch. <i>for Lady -Missionary, New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">McGregor. Woman’s Miss. Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">17.19</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Montour. Ladies of Cong. Ch. <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Muscatine. Cong. Sab. Sch. <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">New Hampton. Woman’s Miss. Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.10</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Ogden. Ladies of Cong. Ch. <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Onawa. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Osage. Woman’s Miss. Soc. bal. to const. -<span class="smcap">Mrs. Ella Stacy</span>, L. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.20</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Rockford. Women of Cong. Ch. and Soc. <i>for -Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Toledo. Ladies of Cong. Ch., <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Traer. Women of Cong. and Soc., <i>for Lady -Missionary, New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Waterloo. Ladies of Cong. Ch., <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Wilton. L. M. Soc. $10, <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i>;—Cong. Ch., $4</td> - <td class="ramt">14.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Stuart. Ladies of Cong. Ch., <i>for Lady Missionary, -New Orleans, La.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">WISCONSIN, $354.97.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Appleton. Ann S. Kimball, $50, <i>for a -Student, Fisk U.</i>;—“L. T.” ($5 of which for -Chinese M.) $10</td> - <td class="ramt">60.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Beaver Dam. Mrs. Allyn Avery</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Beloit. Second Cong. Ch. $25; Mrs. M. A. -K., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">26.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Bloomington. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.47</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Columbus. Alfred Topliff, to const. <span class="smcap">Mrs. C. -H. Chadbourne</span>, L. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Emerald Grove. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">13.82</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Fond du Lac. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">40.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Geneva Lake. G. Montague</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Janesville. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">42.93</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Johnstown. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.75</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Madison. Cong. Ch., bal. to const. <span class="smcap">Hon. S. -D. Hastings</span>, <span class="smcap">Rev. Chas. H. Richards</span>, -<span class="smcap">Prof. Ed. T. Owen</span>, <span class="smcap">Hon. D. Taylor</span>, <span class="smcap">F. -J. Lamb</span> and <span class="smcap">A. S. Frank</span>, L. M’s</td> - <td class="ramt">110.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Princeton. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Raymond. T. Sands, $5; Master Charles S. -Davis, $1</td> - <td class="ramt">6.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Wautona. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MINNESOTA, $166.62.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Austin. Mrs. L. C. Bacon</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cannon Falls. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">6.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cottage Grove. Mrs. M. W.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Chain Lake Centre. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.18</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lake City. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">7.02</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Minneapolis. Plymouth Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">11.70</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Northfield. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">78.33</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Northfield. First Cong. Sab. Sch., $25, <i>for -Teacher, Athens, Ala.</i>;—Bethel Sab. Sch. -$2.09; A. N. N., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">28.09</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Princeton. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">2.25</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Sherburn. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.30</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Waseca. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">15.75</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Waterford. Union Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">KANSAS, $12.25.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Bellevue. Harriet M. Dunlap</td> - <td class="ramt">2.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Council Grove. First Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Osborne. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">5.25</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEBRASKA, $19.56.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Ashland. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">4.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Camp Creek. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">3.56</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Mainland. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Silver. Melinda Bowen</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Waho. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Wayland. Miss S. P. Locke</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">DAKOTA, $5.50.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Yankton. Mrs. T. N. B.</td> - <td class="ramt">0.50</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Centreville. Rev. L. Bridgman</td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">COLORADO, $10.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Colorado Springs. Mrs. S. B. Pickett</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">CALIFORNIA, $3.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">National City. T. Parsons, $2; J. T., $1</td> - <td class="ramt">3.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">OREGON, $5.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Canyon City.—— </td> - <td class="ramt">5.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, $100.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Washington. Ludlow Patton, <i>for Theo. Dept. -Howard U.</i></td> - <td class="ramt">100.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MARYLAND, $153.51.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Baltimore. First Cong. Ch. $143.51; W. K. -Carson, $10.</td> - <td class="ramt">153.51</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">TENNESSEE, $236.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Chattanooga. Rent</td> - <td class="ramt">236.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MISSOURI, $5.89.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Webster’s Grove. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">2.65</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Cahoka. Cong. Ch.</td> - <td class="ramt">3.24</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">TEXAS, $3.50.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Marshall. By Henry C. Gray</td> - <td class="ramt">3.50</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">—— , $1</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">—— ——. Mrs. A. M. C.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">ENGLAND, $76.96.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">London. Freedmen’s Missions Aid Soc. <i>for -Student Aid, Fisk U.</i>, £16</td> - <td class="ramt">76.96</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1"> </td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="total"> Total</td> - <td class="ramt">$12,687.64</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">FOR TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL -INSTITUTE, AUSTIN, TEXAS.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Greenland, N. H. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> - <td class="ramt">$17.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">New Britain, Conn. Mrs. Norman Hart, $25; -Mrs. Ellen H. Wells, $25</td> - <td class="ramt">50.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Malone, N. Y. Mrs. S. C. Wead</td> - <td class="ramt">100.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Baltimore, Md. T. D. Anderson</td> - <td class="ramt">10.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Galesburg, Ill. “Two Friends”</td> - <td class="ramt">15.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1"> </td> - <td class="ramt">———— </td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="total"> Total</td> - <td class="ramt">$192.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">FOR MISSIONS IN AFRICA.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">London, Eng. Freedmen’s Missions Aid -Soc. £304</td> - <td class="ramt">$1,462.24</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">London, Eng. Dr. O. H. White, £10</td> - <td class="ramt">48.10</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1"> </td> - <td class="ramt">————— </td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="total"> Total</td> - <td class="ramt">$1,510.34</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <table class="receipts" summary=""> - <tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">FOR SCHOOL BUILDING, ATHENS, ALA.</td></tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Lake Forest, Ill. E. S. W.</td> - <td class="ramt">1.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Northfield, Mich. First Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> - <td class="ramt">25.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1">Rosendale, Wis. <span class="smcap">Mrs. H. N. Clarke</span>, to const. -herself L. M.</td> - <td class="ramt">30.00</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="sub1"> </td> - <td class="ramt">———</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="total"> Total</td> - <td class="ramt">$56.00</td> - </tr> - </table> - -<p class="right"> -<span style="padding-right: 4%">H. W. HUBBARD,</span><br /> -<span><i>Treasurer</i>.</span><br /> -</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span> - - - - -<h2><a name="Constitution_of_the_American_Missionary_Association" id="Constitution_of_the_American_Missionary_Association"></a>Constitution of the American Missionary Association.</h2> - -<p class="center">INCORPORATED JANUARY 30, 1849.</p> - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. I.</span> This Society shall be called “<span class="smcap">The American -Missionary Association</span>.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. II.</span> The object of this Association shall be to -conduct Christian missionary and educational operations, and to -diffuse a knowledge of the Holy Scriptures in our own and other -countries which are destitute of them, or which present open and -urgent fields of effort.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. III.</span> Any person of evangelical sentiments,<a name="FNanchor_A" id="FNanchor_A"></a><a href="#Footnote_A" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> -who professes faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is not a -slaveholder, or in the practice of other immoralities, and who -contributes to the funds, may become a member of the Society; and -by the payment of thirty dollars, a life member; provided that -children and others who have not professed their faith may be -constituted life members without the privilege of voting.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. IV.</span> This Society shall meet annually, in the month -of September, October or November, for the election of officers -and the transaction of other business, at such time and place as -shall be designated by the Executive Committee.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. V.</span> The annual meeting shall be constituted of -the regular officers and members of the Society at the time of -such meeting, and of delegates from churches, local missionary -societies, and other co-operating bodies, each body being -entitled to one representative.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. VI.</span> The officers of the Society shall be a -President, Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, Corresponding -Secretaries, Treasurer, two Auditors, and an Executive Committee -of not less than twelve, of which the Corresponding Secretaries -shall be advisory, and the Treasurer ex-officio, members.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. VII.</span> To the Executive Committee shall belong the -collecting and disbursing of funds; the appointing, counselling, -sustaining and dismissing (for just and sufficient reasons) -missionaries and agents; the selection of missionary fields; -and, in general, the transaction of all such business as usually -appertains to the executive committees of missionary and other -benevolent societies; the Committee to exercise no ecclesiastical -jurisdiction over the missionaries; and its doings to be subject -always to the revision of the annual meeting, which shall, by a -reference mutually chosen, always entertain the complaints of any -aggrieved agent or missionary; and the decision of such reference -shall be final.</p> - -<p>The Executive Committee shall have authority to fill all -vacancies occurring among the officers between the regular annual -meetings; to apply, if they see fit, to any State Legislature -for acts of incorporation; to fix the compensation, where any -is given, of all officers, agents, missionaries, or others in -the employment of the Society; to make provision, if any, for -disabled missionaries, and for the widows and children of such as -are deceased; and to call, in all parts of the country, at their -discretion, special and general conventions of the friends of -missions, with a view to the diffusion of the missionary spirit, -and the general and vigorous promotion of the missionary work.</p> - -<p>Five members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for -transacting business.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. VIII.</span> This society, in collecting funds, in -appointing officers, agents and missionaries, and in selecting -fields of labor, and conducting the missionary work, will -endeavor particularly to discountenance slavery, by refusing to -receive the known fruits of unrequited labor, or to welcome to -its employment those who hold their fellow-beings as slaves.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. IX.</span> Missionary bodies, churches or individuals -agreeing to the principles of this Society, and wishing to -appoint and sustain missionaries of their own, shall be entitled -to do so through the agency of the Executive Committee, on terms -mutually agreed upon.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. X.</span> No amendment shall be made in this Constitution -without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present -at a regular annual meeting; nor unless the proposed amendment -has been submitted to a previous meeting, or to the Executive -Committee in season to be published by them (as it shall be -their duty to do, if so submitted) in the regular official -notifications of the meeting.</p> - -<p>FOOTNOTE:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_A" id="Footnote_A"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A"><span class="label">[A]</span></a>By evangelical sentiments, we understand, among others, a -belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a -Saviour; the Supreme Deity, Incarnation and Atoning Sacrifice -of Jesus Christ, the only Saviour of the world; the necessity -of regeneration by the Holy Spirit, repentance, faith and holy -obedience in order to salvation; the immortality of the soul; and -the retributions of the judgment in the eternal punishment of the -wicked, and salvation of the righteous.</p></div> - - -<hr class="full" /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[412]</a></span> - -<h2><a name="The_American_Missionary_Association" id="The_American_Missionary_Association"></a>The American Missionary Association.</h2> - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<h3>AIM AND WORK.</h3> - -<p>To preach the Gospel to the poor. It originated in a sympathy -with the almost friendless slaves. Since Emancipation it has -devoted its main efforts to preparing the <span class="smcap">Freedmen</span> -for their duties as citizens and Christians in America and as -missionaries in Africa. As closely related to this, it seeks to -benefit the caste-persecuted <span class="smcap">Chinese</span> in America, and -to co-operate with the Government in its humane and Christian -policy towards the <span class="smcap">Indians</span>. It has also a mission in -<span class="smcap">Africa</span>.</p> - - -<h3>STATISTICS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Churches</span>: <i>In the South</i>—In Va., 1; N. C., 5; S. C., 2; -Ga., 13; Ky., 7; Tenn., 4; Ala., 14, La., 12; Miss., 1; Kansas, -2; Texas, 6. <i>Africa</i>, 2. <i>Among the Indians</i>, 1. Total 70.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Institutions Founded, Fostered or Sustained in the -South.</span>—<i>Chartered</i>: Hampton, Va.; Berea, Ky.; Talladega, -Ala.; Atlanta, Ga.; Nashville, Tenn.; Tougaloo, Miss.; New -Orleans, La.; and Austin, Texas, 8. <i>Graded or Normal Schools</i>: -at Wilmington, Raleigh, N. C.; Charleston, Greenwood, S. C.; -Savannah, Macon, Atlanta, Ga.; Montgomery, Mobile, Athens, Selma, -Ala.; Memphis, Tenn., 12. <i>Other Schools</i>, 24. Total 44.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Teachers, Missionaries and Assistants.</span>—Among the -Freedmen, 253; among the Chinese, 21; among the Indians, 9; in -Africa, 13. Total, 296. <span class="smcap">Students</span>—In Theology, 86; Law, -28; in College Course, 63; in other studies, 7,030. Total, 7,207. -Scholars taught by former pupils of our schools, estimated at -150,000. <span class="smcap">Indians</span> under the care of the Association, -13,000.</p> - - -<h3>WANTS.</h3> - -<p>1. A steady <span class="smcap">increase</span> of regular income to keep pace with -the growing work. This increase can only be reached by <em>regular</em> -and <em>larger</em> contributions from the churches—the feeble as well -as the strong.</p> - -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Additional Buildings</span> for our higher educational -institutions, to accommodate the increasing numbers of students; -<span class="smcap">Meeting Houses</span> for the new churches we are organizing; -<span class="smcap">More Ministers</span>, cultured and pious, for these churches.</p> - -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Help for Young Men</span>, to be educated as ministers here -and missionaries to Africa—a pressing want.</p> - -<p>Before sending boxes, always correspond with the nearest A. M. A. -office, as below:</p> - -<table> -<tr><td><span class="smcap">New York</span></td><td>H. W. Hubbard, Esq., 56 Reade Street.</td></tr> -<tr><td><span class="smcap">Boston</span></td><td>Rev. C. L. Woodworth, Room 21 Congregational House.</td></tr> -<tr><td><span class="smcap">Chicago</span></td><td>Rev. Jas. Powell, 112 West Washington Street.</td></tr> -</table> - - -<h3>MAGAZINE.</h3> - -<p>This Magazine will be sent, gratuitously, if desired, to the -Missionaries of the Association; to Life Members; to all -clergymen who take up collections for the Association; to -Superintendents of Sabbath Schools; to College Libraries; to -Theological Seminaries; to Societies of Inquiry on Missions; and -to every donor who does not prefer to take it as a subscriber, -and contributes in a year not less than five dollars.</p> - -<p>Those who wish to remember the <span class="smcap">American Missionary -Association</span> in their last Will and Testament, are earnestly -requested to use the following</p> - -<h3>FORM OF A BEQUEST.</h3> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">I bequeath</span> to my executor (or executors) the sum of -—— dollars in trust, to pay the same in —— days after my -decease to the person who, when the same is payable, shall act -as Treasurer of the ‘American Missionary Association’ of New -York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive -Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and -purposes.”</p> - -<p>The will should be attested by three witnesses [in some States -three are required—in other States only two], who should write -against their names, their places of residence [if in cities, -their street and number]. The following form of attestation will -answer for every State in the Union: “Signed, sealed, published -and declared by the said [A. B.] as his last Will and Testament, -in presence of us, who, at the request of the said A. B., and in -his presence, and in the presence of each other, have hereunto -subscribed our names as witnesses.” In some States it is required -that <a id="err8"></a>the Will should be made at least two months before the death -of the testator.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span> - - - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center xxxlarge">THE INDEPENDENT</p> - -<p class="center large">For 1880.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Independent</span> appeals to cultivated men and women. -It discusses current questions of religion, philosophy, and -politics. It is wide-awake. It is not afraid. It sets people -to thinking. It welcomes fresh truth. It has great variety. It -is so big that it can always have something for the severest -thinker and also an abundance of the best lighter literature. It -publishes more religious discussion than the religious reviews, -poetry and stories than the popular monthlies, and gives more -information than an annual cyclopædia. It has twice as large -a corps of the most famous writers than any other journal of -any sort in the country. It is indispensable to one who wants -to know what is going on in the religious world. It pleases -people. It makes people angry. It stirs them up, and always -interests and instructs those who do not like its position, -which is conservative in belief and liberal in fraternity and -comprehension. It grows on all who read it. <span class="smcap">Try it for next -year.</span></p> - - -<p class="center xxlarge">REV. JOSEPH COOK’S LECTURES.</p> - -<p>We have purchased the newspaper copyright of the Boston Monday -Lectures for 1879-1880, to be delivered, as heretofore, by the -Rev. Joseph Cook, beginning about Nov. 1st, and the same will -be given <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">verbatim</i> to the readers of THE INDEPENDENT weekly, -together with the Preludes, after revision by the author.</p> - -<p>These Lectures have been exceedingly popular in the past, and -will continue to be an attractive feature of the paper the coming -season.</p> - - -<p class="center xlarge">SERMONS BY EMINENT CLERGYMEN</p> - -<p>in all parts of the country will continue to be printed.</p> - - -<p class="center xlarge">PREMIUMS.</p> - -<div><p><img src="images/pointer.jpg" alt="pointing hand" />We have decided to withdraw on the 31st day of December, 1879, -all of the premiums now offered by us to subscribers, a full list -of which appears below; so that those who would avail themselves -of our liberal offers must do so before December 31, 1879.</p></div> - - -<p class="center xlarge">Worcester’s Unabridged Pictorial Quarto Dictionary.</p> - -<p class="center larger">Bound in Sheep. 1,854 pages. Over 1,000 Illustrations. Issue of -1879.</p> - -<p>Our contract with the publishers of the Dictionary expires -Dec. 31st, 1879, and Messrs. J. B. Lippincott & Co. absolutely -refuse to continue the contract beyond that date on the same -favorable terms. We are, therefore, compelled to withdraw the -Dictionary premium at the expiration of the present year; but -we purposely give ample notice, so that our subscribers and the -public in general may avail themselves of the surprisingly low -terms to get the Dictionary, in connection with THE INDEPENDENT. -We will send this <em>Dictionary</em> to any person who will send us -the names of <em>Three New Subscribers and Nine Dollars</em>; or who -will, on renewing his own subscription, in advance, send us -<em>Two New Names</em> additional and $9.00; or who will renew his own -subscription for three years, in advance, and send us $9.00; or, -for a new subscriber for three years and $9.00.</p> - -<p>The regular price of the <em>Dictionary</em> alone at all the -book-stores is $10.00, while the lowest price of three -subscriptions is $9.00. Both the <em>Dictionary and the three -subscriptions</em>, under this extraordinary offer, can, therefore, -be had <em>together</em> for only $9.00. The <em>Dictionary</em> will be -delivered at our office, or in Philadelphia, free, or be sent by -express or otherwise from Philadelphia, as may be ordered, at the -expense of the subscriber. The subscriber under this offer will -not be entitled to any other Premiums.</p></div> - - -<p class="center xxlarge"><span class="smcap">THE REV.</span> JOSEPH COOK’S BOOKS.</p> - -<p>We offer Rev. Joseph Cook’s valuable new volumes, entitled -“<span class="smcap">Biology</span>,” “<span class="smcap">Transcendentalism</span>,” -“<span class="smcap">Orthodoxy</span>,” “<span class="smcap">Conscience</span>,” “<span class="smcap">Heredity</span>,” -and “<span class="smcap">Marriage</span>,” embodying, in a revised and corrected -form, the author’s previous remarkable Monday Lectures. They are -published in handsome book form, by James B. Osgood & Co., of -Boston. We will mail a copy of either volume, post-paid, to any -subscriber to the <span class="smcap">Independent</span> who remits us <b>$3.00</b> -for a year in advance; or any subscriber may remit <b>$5.50</b> -and we will send him the <span class="smcap">Independent</span> for two years in -advance, and two volumes, post-paid; or, any three volumes, -post-paid, to any one subscriber who remits <b>$3.00</b> for -three years in advance.</p> - -<p><em>Subscription Price $3.00 per annum in advance, including any one -of the following Premiums:</em></p> - -<p>Any one volume of the <span class="smcap">Household Edition</span> or <span class="smcap">Charles -Dickens’ Works</span>, bound in cloth, with 16 illustrations each, -by Sol. Eytinge.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moody and Sankey’s Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs</span>, No. 2.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lincoln and His Cabinet</span>; or, First Reading of the -Emancipation Proclamation. <a id="err9"></a>Fine Large Steel Engraving. By -Ritchie. Size 26×36.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Authors of the United States.</span> Fine large Steel -Engraving. 44 Portraits. By Ritchie. Size 24×38-1/2.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles Sumner.</span> Fine Steel Engraving. By Ritchie. -<span class="smcap">Grant or Wilson.</span> Fine Steel Engraving. By Ritchie.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Edwin M. Stanton.</span> Fine Steel Engraving. By Ritchie.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln.</span> By Frank B. -Carpenter. Bound in cloth. 360 pages. It gives a better insight -into his “inner life” than can be found elsewhere, and is -altogether one of the most fascinating, instructive and useful -books of the kind ever published.</p> - -<p class="larger"><em>We offer one premium only for one year’s subscription.</em></p> - -<p class="center large">Subscription Price $3.00 per Annum, in Advance.</p> - -<div> -<div style="display: inline-block; width: 29%; text-align: center;"> - <div style="display: inline-block"><span class="medium">SPECIMEN COPIES<br />SENT FREE.</span></div> - <div style="display: inline-block"><img src="images/bracket.jpg" alt="bracket" /></div><br /> - <span class="large">P. O. BOX 2,787.</span> -</div> -<div style="display: inline-block; width: 70%; text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"> - <span class="large">Address </span> <span class="xlarge"> THE INDEPENDENT,</span><br /> - <img src="images/pointer.jpg" alt="pointing hand" />Cut out this Advertisement. - <span class="larger"><b>NEW YORK CITY</b>.</span> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center large">THE</p> -<p class="center xxlarge">CONGREGATIONALIST,</p> - -<p class="center large">A Family Religious Journal.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p>The <cite>Congregationalist</cite>, as a family religious paper, aims to -occupy the first rank. It has four editors in the office at -Boston, besides Rev. A. H. Clapp, D. D., at Bible House, New -York, as editor in that city, and who furnishes a weekly letter -from the Metropolis. It has also a large corps of contributors, -among whom are some of the best newspaper writers in the country, -such as Prof. Austin Phelps, D. D., Dr. Leonard Bacon, Rose Terry -Cooke, Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D., Lucy Larcom, President S. -C. Bartlett, Mrs. Margaret E. Sangster and many others.</p> - -<p>It gives large space to its Literary Reviews, presents more full -and complete news from the Congregational ministers and churches -of the country than any other journal, has a carefully prepared -column of Missionary news, has a full Children’s department, -gives large attention to Sabbath Schools and the explanation of -the lesson, has a “Farm, Garden and Household department” under -charge of a special editor, prints a “Diary of Events for the -Week,” and furnishes a great variety of matter, being carefully -and closely edited in every column and line.</p> - -<p>“<b>SOMETHING NEW.</b>” Every one sending three dollars for a new -subscriber will not only be entitled to the paper for a year, but -also to an illustrated volume of over 300 pages, just issued, -which is made up of the choicest articles and sketches in the -<cite>Congregationalist</cite> for several years past.</p> - -<p><em>Send for Specimen numbers.</em></p> - -<p class="center larger">W. L. GREENE & CO.,</p> -<p class="right"><i><b>1 Somerset St., Boston.</b></i></p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center larger">New Singing Book for the Million!</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center xlarge">CORONATION SONGS</p> - -<p class="center medium"><em><b>For Praise and Prayer Meetings</b></em>,</p> - -<p class="center small">HOME AND SOCIAL SINGING. BY</p> - -<p class="center larger">Rev. Dr. CHARLES F. DEEMS</p> - -<p class="center small">AND</p> - -<p class="center larger">THEODORE E. PERKINS.</p> - -<p>Containing 151 Hymns with Tunes, which include more of the -<span class="smcap">standard</span> material that the world will not suffer to die, -and more <span class="smcap">new</span> material that deserves trial, than any -other book extant.</p> - -<p class="center larger">Postpaid, 30 cents. $25 per hundred.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center larger">LYMAN ABBOTT’S</p> - -<p class="center xlarge">Commentary on the New Testament</p> - -<p>Illustrated and Popular, giving the latest views of the best -Biblical Scholars on all disputed points.</p> - -<p>A concise, strong and faithful Exposition in (8) <b>eight -volumes</b>, octavo.</p> - -<p class="center">AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY LOCALITY.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center larger"><b>A. S. BARNES & CO., Publishers,</b></p> - -<p class="center"><b>New York and Chicago.</b></p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center xlarge">GET THE BEST.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center large">The “OXFORD”</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<img src="images/bible.jpg" width="400" height="250" alt="Bible" /> -</div> - -<p class="center xlarge">TEACHERS’ BIBLES</p> - -<p class="center">IN SEVEN DIFFERENT SIZES,</p> - -<p class="center">At prices to suit everybody.</p> - -<p class="center">Apply to your Bookseller for Lists, or write to</p> - -<p class="center larger">THOS. NELSON & SONS,</p> -<p class="right"><b>42 Bleecker Street, New York</b>.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center large">Meneely & Kimberly,</p> - -<p class="center large">BELL FOUNDERS, TROY, N. Y.</p> - -<p class="center">Manufacture a superior quality of BELLS.</p> - -<p class="center">Special attention given to <b>CHURCH BELLS</b>.</p> - -<p class="center"><img src="images/pointer.jpg" alt="pointing hand" />Catalogues sent free to parties needing bells.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center xxxlarge">Brown Bros. & Co.</p> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>BANKERS,</b></p> - -<p class="large">59 & 61 Wall Street, New York,</p> -<p class="center large">211 Chestnut St., Philadelphia,</p> -<p class="right large">66 State Street, Boston.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="larger"><b>Issue Commercial Credits, make Cable transfers of Money -between this Country and England, and buy and sell Bills of -Exchange on Great Britain and Ireland.</b></p> - -<p>They also issue, against cash deposited, or satisfactory -guarantee of repayment,</p> - -<p class="center large">Circular Credits for Travellers,</p> - -<p>In <span class="smcap">dollars</span> for use in the United States and adjacent -countries, and in <span class="smcap">pounds sterling</span>, for use in any part -of the world.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span></p> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center larger">73,620 MORE</p> - -<p class="center xlarge">Singer Sewing Machines Sold in ’78</p> - -<p class="center larger">THAN IN ANY PREVIOUS YEAR.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<table class="singer" summary=""> -<tr><td>In</td><td><b>1870</b></td><td>we</td><td>sold</td><td><b>127,833</b></td><td>Sewing</td><td>Machines.</td></tr> - <tr><td>“</td><td><b>1878</b></td><td></td><td>“</td><td><b>356,432</b></td><td> “</td><td> “</td></tr> -</table> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p>Our sales have increased enormously every year through the whole -period of “hard times.”</p> - -<p class="center"><b>We now Sell Three-Quarters of all the Sewing Machines sold in -the World.</b></p> - -<p>For the accommodation of the Public we have 1,500 subordinate -offices in the United States and Canada, and 3,000 offices in the -Old World and South America.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center large">PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center">Waste no money on “cheap” counterfeits. Send for our handsomely -Illustrated Price List.</p> - -<p class="center larger">THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY,</p> - -<p class="right">Principal Office, 34 Union Square, New York.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement" style="width: 70%; margin-left: 15%;"> -<table width="100%" summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="left"><img src="images/topleftpointer.jpg" alt="pointer" /></td> - <td class="center"><span class="large">CRAMPTON’S</span><br /><span class="larger">PURE OLD</span></td> - <td class="right"><img src="images/toprightpointer.jpg" alt="pointer" /></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center xxlarge">PALM SOAP,</p> - -<p class="center">FOR</p> - -<p class="left larger">The Laundry, the Kitchen,</p> -<p class="right larger">and For General Household Purposes,</p> - -<p class="center">MANUFACTURED BY</p> - -<p class="center large">CRAMPTON BROTHERS,</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Cor. Monroe & Jefferson Sts., N. Y.</i></p> - -<p class="center">Send for Circular and Price List.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - - -<p>Crampton’s old Palm Soap for the Laundry, the Kitchen, and for -general Household purposes. The price of the “Palm Soap” is $3.90 -per box of 100 three-quarter pound bars—75 pounds in box. To -any one who will send us an order for 10 boxes with cash, $39, -we will send one box extra free as a premium. Or the orders may -be sent to us for one or more boxes at a time, with remittance, -and when we have thus received orders for ten boxes we will send -the eleventh box free as proposed above. If you do not wish to -send the money in advance, you may deposit it with any banker -or merchant in good credit in your town, with the understanding -that he is to remit to us on receipt of the soap, which is to be -shipped to his care.</p> - -<p class="center">Address,</p> -<p class="right" style="padding-right: 4%">CRAMPTON BROTHERS,</p> -<p class="right">Cor. Monroe and Jefferson Sts., New York.</p> - -<table width="100%" summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="left"><img src="images/bottomleftpointer.jpg" alt="pointer" /></td> - <td class="center"><span class="large">FOR SALE</span><br /><span>BY ALL</span><br /><span class="large">MERCHANTS.</span></td> - <td class="right"><img src="images/bottomrightpointer.jpg" alt="pointer" /></td> - </tr> -</table> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center">THE</p> - -<p class="center xxxlarge">N. Y. Witness Publications</p> - -<p class="center large">FOR 1880.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center large">THE DAILY WITNESS.</p> - -<p>A religious, temperance, daily newspaper, and the only one in the -Union, was commenced on July 1, 1871, and continues to send forth -daily a rich variety of news, markets, editorials, contemporary -press, correspondence, reports of religious and temperance -meetings and efforts, including a daily report of the Fulton -Street Prayer Meeting, with much useful and instructive matter -for family reading, etc., etc. The price is two cents per copy or -$5 per annum, and to induce circulation throughout the country -we offer the following special terms: To clubs of five we shall -send the <span class="smcap">Daily Witness</span>, separately addressed, by mail, -postpaid, for $20 a year, or $5 per quarter. In the latter case -78 copies delivered, will only cost $1. At that rate who would be -without a New York daily paper, equally valuable for the business -man and his family? We hope clubs will be formed in every city, -town and village that is reached by the morning mails from New -York on the same day.</p> - -<p class="center large">THE WEEKLY WITNESS</p> - -<p>Commenced with January, 1872, and is near the completion of its -eighth year. It at present issues 54,000 weekly, which go to -subscribers all over the Union. Its issues from the beginning -have been over twenty millions of copies, each containing a -great variety of very interesting matter, namely: News of the -day, Prices Current, Financial Report, Spirit of the New York -Daily Press, Home Department (consisting chiefly of Letters -from Ladies), with a column of letters from children; General -Correspondence from all parts of the country, much of it valuable -for intending colonists; Departments for Agriculture, Temperance, -Sabbath-School, Religious Reading, including Daily Report of -Fulton Street Prayer-meeting; Serial and other Stories. It gives -more reading matter than any other religious weekly, and has -probably fully 300,000 readers, as many copies serve more than -one family. It has drawn forth unsolicited commendation from -thousands of readers, many of whom pronounce it the best paper -for the family and the country they ever saw. The price is $1.50 -a year; clubs of five will be supplied for $6 a year, the papers -being addressed separately and postpaid.</p> - -<p class="center large">SABBATH READING.</p> - -<p>This small, neat eight-page weekly paper is filled with the -choicest reading matter suitable for the Sabbath day, among -which is one first-class sermon in each number. The matter in -this paper is all different from what appears in the <span class="smcap">Weekly -Witness</span>. It has no news or advertisements, editorials -or communications, but is just a choice selection of good, -religious, temperance matter, suited for all classes and all -regions, and specially suited for distribution as a most -acceptable tract. Price one cent per copy, or 50 cents per annum. -Ten copies (520) to one address for a year, postpaid, for $4; or -100 copies for $35. This is found to be an excellent weekly for -the more advanced classes in Sabbath-schools.</p> - -<p>All the above terms are cash in advance, and the papers stop when -subscription expires unless previously renewed. Sample copies of -any or all of them will be sent free if applied for by postal -card or otherwise.</p> - -<p>The above publications will be sent on approbation for a month -to any address for: <span class="smcap">Daily Witness</span>, 25 cents; <span class="smcap">Weekly -Witness</span>, 10 cents; <span class="smcap">Sabbath Reading</span>, 5 cents, or -sample copies free.</p> - -<p class="right larger" style="padding-right: 2%;">JOHN DOUGALL & CO.</p> -<p class="right">No. 7 Frankfort Street, New York.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[416]</a></span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center xxxlarge">THE WORLD FOR 1880.</p> - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<p>The year 1880 promises to be one of the most interesting -and important years of this crowded and eventful century. -It will witness a Presidential election which may result in -re-establishing the Government of this country on the principles -of its constitutional founders, or in permanently changing the -relations of the States to the Federal power. No intelligent -man can regard such an election with indifference. <span class="smcap">The -World</span>, as the only daily English newspaper published in the -city of New York which upholds the doctrines of constitutional -Democracy, will steadily represent the Conservative contention -in this great canvass. It will do this in no spirit of servile -partisanship, but temperately and firmly. It will be as swift to -rebuke what it regards as infidelity to Democratic principles or -to the honorable laws of political conflict on the part of its -friends as on the part of its foes. It will uphold no candidate -for office whom it believes to be unworthy of the support -of honest men, and accept no platform which it believes to -misrepresent or to contradict the true conditions of our national -prosperity and greatness. As a newspaper <span class="smcap">The World</span>, -being the organ of no man, no clique and no interest, will -present the fullest and the fairest picture it can make of each -day’s passing history in the city, the State, the country and the -world. Its correspondents in the chief centres of life and action -on both sides of the ocean have been selected for their character -not less than for their capacity. It will aim, hereafter as -heretofore, at accuracy first of all things in all that it -publishes. No man, however humble, shall ever be permitted truly -to complain that he has been unjustly dealt with in the columns -of <span class="smcap">The World</span>. No interest, however powerful, shall -ever be permitted truly to boast that it can silence the true -criticism of <span class="smcap">The World</span>.</p> - -<p>During the past year <span class="smcap">The World</span> has seen its daily -circulation trebled and its weekly circulation pushed beyond -that of any other weekly newspaper in the country. This great -increase has been won, as <span class="smcap">The World</span> believes, by -truthfulness, enterprise, ceaseless activity in collecting news, -and unfaltering loyalty to itself and to its readers in dealing -with the questions of the day. It is our hope, and it will be -our endeavor, that these may keep what these have won, and that -<span class="smcap">The World’s</span> record for 1880 may be written in the -approbation and support of many thousands more of new readers in -all parts of this Indissoluble Union of Indestructible States.</p> - -<p><b>Democrats</b> everywhere should inform themselves carefully -alike of the action of their party throughout the country and of -the movements of their Republican opponents. A failure to do this -in 1876 contributed greatly to the loss by the Democracy of the -fruits of the victory fairly won at the polls.</p> - -<p>Our rates of subscription remain unchanged, and are as follows:</p> - -<p>Daily and Sundays, one year, $10; six months, $5.50; three -months, $2.75.</p> - -<p>Daily, without Sundays, one year, $8; six months, $4.25; three -months, $2.25; less than three months, $1 a month.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Sunday World</span>, one year, $2.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Monday World</span>, containing the Book Reviews and -“College Chronicle,” one year, $1.50.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Semi-weekly World</span> (Tuesdays and Fridays)—<span class="smcap">Two -Dollars</span> a year. <span class="smcap">To Club Agents</span>—An extra copy for -club of ten; the Daily for club of twenty-five.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Weekly World</span> (Wednesday)—<span class="smcap">One Dollar</span> a -year. <span class="smcap">To Club Agents</span>—An extra copy for club of ten, the -Semi-Weekly for club of twenty, the Daily for club of fifty.</p> - -<p>Specimen numbers sent free on application.</p> - -<p>Terms—Cash, invariably in advance.</p> - -<p>Send post-office money order, bank draft or registered letter. -Bills at risk of the sender.</p> - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>A SPECIAL OFFER.</b></p> - -<p>Subscribers who send $1 for a year’s subscription before December -28 will receive the <span class="smcap">Weekly World</span> from the date of their -subscription <b>to March 5, 1881</b>. This will include the -Presidential campaign and the inauguration of the next President.</p> - -<p>Old subscribers who send $1 before December 28, for a renewal -of their subscription for 1880, will receive the <span class="smcap">Weekly -World</span> to March 5, 1881, without missing a number.</p> - -<p class="center"><b>This Offer will be Withdrawn December 29.</b></p> - -<p>Take advantage of it at once. Subscribe at once. Renew at once.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p><b>Note to Newspaper Publishers.</b>—Proprietors of Democratic -newspapers who desire the Daily <span class="smcap">World</span> for one year may -obtain it by publishing the foregoing prospectus six times and -sending to <span class="smcap">The World</span> marked copies of their papers -containing it. We offer low “clubbing rates” to Democratic -newspapers throughout the country.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> - <p class="center xxlarge">JOHN H. HORSFALL.</p> - <hr class="tiny" /> - <p class="center xxlarge"><i>FURNITURE</i></p> - <p class="center">AND</p> - <p class="center xxlarge">Upholstery Warerooms,</p> - <p class="center large">Nos. 6 & 7 EAST 23<sup>D</sup> STREET,</p> - <p class="center large">MADISON SQUARE.</p> - <p class="center large">Offers a fine selection of goods at very reasonable prices.</p> - <p class="center">DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> - <p class="center xlarge">Every Man His Own Printer.</p> - <p class="center large">Excelsior <b>$3</b> Printing Press.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 258px;"> -<img src="images/press.jpg" width="258" height="219" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="medium">Prints cards, labels, envelopes, &c.; larger sizes for larger work. -For business or pleasure, young or old. Catalogue of Presses, Type, -Cards, &c., sent for two stamps.</p> - -<p class="medium">KELSEY & CO., M’frs, Meriden, Conn.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> - <p class="center xlarge">CHURCH CUSHIONS</p> - <p class="center medium">MADE OF THE</p> - <p class="center large">PATENT ELASTIC FELT.</p> - <p class="center medium">For particulars, address H. D. OSTERMOOR,</p> - <div> - <p class="float-left">P. O. Box 4004.</p> - <p class="float-right">36 Broadway, New York.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div style="margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em;"> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/marvin.jpg" width="500" height="526" alt="Marvin's Safes" /> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> -<div class="advertisement"> - <p class="center xxlarge">W. & B. DOUGLAS,</p> - <p class="center large">Middletown, Conn.,</p> - <p class="center">MANUFACTURERS OF</p> - <p class="center xxxlarge">PUMPS,</p> - <p>HYDRAULIC RAMS, GARDEN ENGINES, PUMP CHAIN AND FIXTURES, IRON -CURBS, YARD HYDRANTS, STREET WASHERS, ETC.</p> - - <div> - <div class="float-left"> - <div class="figcenter" style="width: 153px;"> - <img src="images/pump.jpg" width="153" height="300" alt="pump" /> - </div> - </div> - <div class="float-right"> - <p class="medium">Highest Medal awarded them by the Universal Exposition at Paris, -France, in 1867; Vienna, Austria, in 1873; and Philadelphia, 1876.</p> - <hr class="tiny" /> - <p class="larger center">Founded in 1832.</p> - <hr class="tiny" /> - <p class="medium center">Branch Warehouses:</p> - <p class="center"><b>85 & 87 John St.</b><br />NEW YORK,</p> - <p class="small center">AND</p> - <p class="center"><b>197 Lake Street,</b><br />CHICAGO.</p> - <p class="larger center"><i>For Sale by all Regular Dealers.</i></p> - </div> - </div> -</div> - - -<hr class="full" /> -<div class="box" style="padding: 2%;"> - <p class="center large">THE THIRTY-FOURTH VOLUME</p> - <p class="center">OF THE</p> - <p class="center xxlarge">American Missionary,</p> - <p class="center xlarge">1880.</p> - -<p>We have been gratified with the constant tokens of the increasing -appreciation of the <span class="smcap">Missionary</span> during the year now nearly -past, and purpose to spare no effort to make its pages of still -greater value to those interested in the work which it records.</p> - -<p>Shall we not have a largely increased subscription list for 1880?</p> - -<p>A little effort on the part of our friends, when making their own -remittances, to induce their neighbors to unite in forming Clubs, -will easily double our list, and thus widen the influence of our -Magazine, and aid in the enlargement of our work.</p> - -<p>Under the editorial supervision of Rev. <span class="smcap">Geo. M. Boynton</span>, -aided by the steady contributions of our intelligent missionaries -and teachers in all parts of the field, and with occasional -communications from careful observers and thinkers elsewhere, the -<span class="smcap">American Missionary</span> furnishes a vivid and reliable picture -of the work going forward among the Indians, the Chinamen on the -Pacific Coast, and the Freedmen as citizens in the South and as -missionaries in Africa.</p> - -<p>It will be the vehicle of important views on all matters affecting -the races among which it labors, and will give a monthly summary of -current events relating to their welfare and progress.</p> - -<p>Patriots and Christians interested in the education and -Christianizing of these despised races are asked to read it, and -assist in its circulation. Begin with the next number and the new -year. The price is only Fifty Cents per annum.</p> - -<p>The Magazine will be sent gratuitously, if preferred, to the -persons indicated on page 412.</p> - -<p>Donations and subscriptions should be sent to</p> - -<p class="center">H. W. HUBBARD, Treasurer,</p> -<p class="right">56 Reade Street, New York.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xlarge">TO ADVERTISERS.</p> - -<p>Special attention is invited to the advertising department of -the <span class="smcap">American Missionary</span>. Among its regular readers are -thousands of Ministers of the Gospel, Presidents, Professors and -Teachers in Colleges, Theological Seminaries and Schools; it is, -therefore, a specially valuable medium for advertising Books, -Periodicals, Newspapers, Maps, Charts, Institutions of Learning, -Church Furniture, Bells, Household Goods, &c.</p> - -<p>Advertisers are requested to note the moderate price charged for -space in its columns, considering the extent and character of its -circulation.</p> - -<p>Advertisements must be received by the <span class="medium">TENTH</span> of the -month, in order to secure insertion in the following number. All -communications in relation to advertising should be addressed to</p> - -<p class="center">J. H. DENISON, Adv’g Agent,</p> -<p class="right">56 Reade Street, New York.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<div> -<img src="images/pointer.jpg" alt="pointer" /> -Our friends who are interested in the Advertising Department of -the “American Missionary” can aid us in this respect by mentioning, -when ordering goods, that they saw them advertised in our Magazine.</div> -</div> - -<p class="center xsmall">DAVID K. GILDERSLEEVE, Printer, 101 Chambers Street, New York.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> -<h2><a name="Transcribers_Notes" id="Transcribers_Notes"></a>Transcriber’s Notes:</h2> - -<p>All instances of “D.D.” changed to “D. D.” to be consistent with -the majority of the text.</p> - -<p>“reponse” changed to “response” on page 355. (<a href="#err1">the following -response was adopted</a>)</p> - -<p>“maintainance” changed to “maintenance” on page 360. (<a href="#err2">provision -for the maintenance of professorships</a>)</p> - -<p>“onmoving” changed to “on moving” on page 380. (<a href="#err3">signifies a great -providential on moving the conversion</a>)</p> - -<p>“usuages” changed “usages” (<a href="#err4">among the early usages of New England</a>)</p> - -<p>“sancity” changed to “sanctity” on page 383. (<a href="#err5">Respect the -sanctity of his family.</a>)</p> - -<p>Repeated “t” in broken word “import-tant” removed when the -word was rejoined on page 396. (<a href="#err6">In seven of our most important -treaties</a>)</p> - -<p>“whatsover” changed to “whatsoever” on page 407. (<a href="#err7">to bear -whatsoever ills</a>)</p> - -<p>“it” changed to “at” on page 412. (<a href="#err8">the Will should be made at -least two months before</a>)</p> - -<p>“Steal” changed to “Steel” on page 413. (<a href="#err9">Fine Large Steel -Engraving.</a>)</p> - -<p>Both “post-paid” and “postpaid” appear in the advertisements. -The differences were left, assuming the differences reflect the -wishes of the advertisement authors.</p> - - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary -- Volume 33, -No. 12, December 1879, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY *** - -***** This file should be named 54131-h.htm or 54131-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/1/3/54131/ - -Produced by KarenD, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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