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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #54130 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54130)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Wall street stories, by Edwin Lefèvre
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: Wall street stories
-
-Author: Edwin Lefèvre
-
-Release Date: February 7, 2017 [EBook #54130]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WALL STREET STORIES ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
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-
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-
-
-
- WALL STREET
- STORIES
-
-
- BY
- EDWIN LEFÈVRE
-
-
- NEW YORK
- McCLURE, PHILLIPS & CO.
- 1901
-
-
-
-
- COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY S. S. MCCLURE CO.
- 1900 AND 1901, BY FRANK A. MUNSEY
- 1901, BY MCCLURE, PHILLIPS & CO.
-
-
- FIRST IMPRESSION OCTOBER, 1901
- SECOND IMPRESSION NOVEMBER, 1901
- THIRD IMPRESSION NOVEMBER, 1901
-
-
-
-
- TO
-
- Samuel Hughes Watts
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
- CONTENTS
-
-
- PAGE
-
- THE WOMAN AND HER BONDS 1
-
- THE BREAK IN TURPENTINE 31
-
- THE TIPSTER 77
-
- A PHILANTHROPIC WHISPER 113
-
- THE MAN WHO WON 129
-
- THE LOST OPPORTUNITY 161
-
- PIKE’S PEAK OR BUST 175
-
- A THEOLOGICAL TIPSTER 209
-
-
-
-
- THE WOMAN AND HER BONDS
-
-
-It seemed to Fullerton F. Colwell, of the famous Stock-Exchange house of
-Wilson & Graves, that he had done his full duty by his friend Harry
-Hunt. He was a director in a half score of companies—financial
-_débutantes_ which his firm had “brought out” and over whose
-stock-market destinies he presided. His partners left a great deal to
-him, and even the clerks in the office ungrudgingly acknowledged that
-Mr. Colwell was “the hardest worked man in the place, barring none”—an
-admission that means much to those who know it is always the downtrodden
-clerks who do all the work and their employers who take all the profit
-and credit. Possibly the important young men who did all the work in
-Wilson & Graves’ office bore witness to Mr. Colwell’s industry so
-cheerfully, because Mr. Colwell was ever inquiring, very courteously,
-and, above all, sympathetically, into the amount of work each man had to
-perform, and suggesting, the next moment, that the laborious amount in
-question was indisputably excessive. Also, it was he who raised
-salaries; wherefore he was the most charming as well as the busiest man
-there. Of his partners, John G. Wilson was a consumptive, forever going
-from one health resort to another, devoting his millions to the purchase
-of railroad tickets in the hope of out-racing Death. George B. Graves
-was a dyspeptic, nervous, irritable, and, to boot, penurious; a man
-whose chief recommendation at the time Wilson formed the firm had been
-his cheerful willingness to do all the dirty work. Frederick R. Denton
-was busy in the “Board Room”—the Stock Exchange—all day, executing
-orders, keeping watch over the market behavior of the stocks with which
-the firm was identified, and from time to time hearing things not meant
-for his ears, being the truth regarding Wilson & Graves. But Fullerton
-F. Colwell had to do everything—in the stock market and in the office.
-He conducted the manipulation of the Wilson & Graves stocks, took charge
-of the un-nefarious part of the numerous pools formed by the firm’s
-customers—Mr. Graves attending to the other details—and had a hand in
-the actual management of various corporations. Also, he conferred with a
-dozen people daily—chiefly “big people,” in Wall Street parlance—who
-were about to “put through” stock-market “deals.” He had devoted his
-time, which was worth thousands, and his brain, which was worth
-millions, to disentangling his careless friend’s affairs, and when it
-was all over and every claim adjusted, and he had refused the executor’s
-fees to which he was entitled, it was found that poor Harry Hunt’s
-estate not only was free from debt, but consisted of $38,000 in cash,
-deposited in the Trolleyman’s Trust Company, subject to Mrs. Hunt’s
-order, and drawing interest at the rate of 2½ per cent per annum. He had
-done his work wonderfully well, and, in addition to the cash, the widow
-owned an unencumbered house Harry had given her in his lifetime.
-
-Not long after the settlement of the estate Mrs. Hunt called at his
-office. It was a very busy day. The bears were misbehaving—and
-misbehaving mighty successfully. Alabama Coal & Iron—the firm’s great
-specialty—was under heavy fire from “Sam” Sharpe’s Long Tom as well as
-from the room-traders’ Maxims. All that Colwell could do was to instruct
-Denton, who was on the ground, to “support” _Ala. C. & I._ sufficiently
-to discourage the enemy, and not enough to acquire the company’s entire
-capital stock. He was himself at that moment practising that peculiar
-form of financial dissimulation which amounts to singing blithely at the
-top of your voice when your beloved sackful of gold has been ripped by
-bear-paws and the coins are pouring out through the rent. Every
-quotation was of importance; a half inch of tape might contain an epic
-of disaster. It was not wise to fail to read every printed character.
-
-“Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”
-
-He ceased to pass the tape through his fingers, and turned quickly,
-almost apprehensively, for a woman’s voice was not heard with pleasure
-at an hour of the day when distractions were undesirable.
-
-“Ah, good morning, Mrs. Hunt,” he said, very politely. “I am very glad
-indeed to see you. And how do you do?” He shook hands, and led her, a
-bit ceremoniously, to a huge armchair. His manners endeared him even to
-the big Wall Street operators, who were chiefly interested in the terse
-speech of the ticker.
-
-“Of course, you are very well, Mrs. Hunt. Don’t tell me you are not.”
-
-“Ye-es,” hesitatingly. “As well as I can hope to be since—since——”
-
-“Time alone, dear Mrs. Hunt, can help us. You must be very brave. It is
-what he would have liked.”
-
-“Yes, I know,” she sighed. “I suppose I must.”
-
-There was a silence. He stood by, deferentially sympathetic.
-
-“_Ticky-ticky-ticky-tick_,” said the ticker.
-
-What did it mean, in figures? Reduced to dollars and cents, what did the
-last three brassy taps say? Perhaps the bears were storming the Alabama
-Coal & Iron intrenchments of “scaled buying orders”; perhaps Colwell’s
-trusted lieutenant, Fred Denton, had repulsed the enemy. Who was
-winning? A spasm, as of pain, passed over Mr. Fullerton F. Colwell’s
-grave face. But the next moment he said to her, slightly
-conscience-strickenly, as if he reproached himself for thinking of the
-stock market in her presence: “You must not permit yourself to brood,
-Mrs. Hunt. You know what I thought of Harry, and I need not tell you how
-glad I shall be to do what I may, for his sake, Mrs. Hunt, and for your
-own.”
-
-“_Ticky-ticky-ticky-tick!_” repeated the ticker.
-
-To avoid listening to the voluble little machine, he went on: “Believe
-me, Mrs. Hunt, I shall be only too glad to serve you.”
-
-“You are so kind, Mr. Colwell,” murmured the widow; and after a pause:
-“I came to see you about that money.”
-
-“Yes?”
-
-“They tell me in the trust company that if I leave the money there
-without touching it I’ll make $79 a month.”
-
-“Let me see; yes; that is about what you may expect.”
-
-“Well, Mr. Colwell, I can’t live on that. Willie’s school costs me $50,
-and then there’s Edith’s clothes,” she went on, with an air which
-implied that as for herself she wouldn’t care at all. “You see, he was
-so indulgent, and they are used to so much. Of course, it’s a blessing
-we have the house; but taxes take up so much; and—isn’t there some way
-of investing the money so it could bring more?”
-
-“I might buy some bonds for you. But for your principal to be absolutely
-safe at all times, you will have to invest in very high-grade
-securities, which will return to you about 3½ per cent. That would mean,
-let’s see, $110 a month.”
-
-“And Harry spent $10,000 a year,” she murmured, complainingly.
-
-“Harry was always—er—rather extravagant.”
-
-“Well, I’m glad he enjoyed himself while he lived,” she said, quickly.
-Then, after a pause: “And, Mr. Colwell, if I should get tired of the
-bonds, could I always get my money back?”
-
-“You could always find a ready market for them. You might sell them for
-a little more or for a little less than you paid.”
-
-“I shouldn’t like to sell them,” she said, with a business air, “for
-less than I paid. What would be the sense?”
-
-“You are right, Mrs. Hunt,” he said, encouragingly. “It wouldn’t be very
-profitable, would it?”
-
-“_Ticky-ticky-ticky-ticky-ticky-ticky-tick!_” said the ticker. It was
-whirring away at a furious rate. Its story is always interesting when it
-is busy. And Colwell had not looked at the tape in fully five minutes!
-
-“Couldn’t you buy something for me, Mr. Colwell, that when I came to
-sell it I could get more than it cost me?”
-
-“No man can guarantee that, Mrs. Hunt.”
-
-“I shouldn’t like to lose the little I have,” she said, hastily.
-
-“Oh, there is no danger of that. If you will give me a check for
-$35,000, leaving $3,000 with the trust company for emergencies, I shall
-buy some bonds which I feel reasonably certain will advance in price
-within a few months.”
-
-“_Ticky-ticky-ticky-tick_,” interrupted the ticker. In some inexplicable
-way it seemed to him that the brassy sound had an ominous ring, so he
-added: “But you will have to let me know promptly, Mrs. Hunt. The stock
-market, you see, is not a polite institution. It waits for none, not
-even for your sex.”
-
-“Gracious me, must I take the money out of the bank to-day and bring it
-to you?”
-
-“A check will do.” He began to drum on the desk nervously with his
-fingers, but ceased abruptly as he became aware of it.
-
-“Very well, I’ll send it to you to-day. I know you’re very busy, so I
-won’t keep you any longer. And you’ll buy good, cheap bonds for me?”
-
-“Yes, Mrs. Hunt.”
-
-“There’s no danger of losing, is there, Mr. Colwell?”
-
-“None whatever. I have bought some for Mrs. Colwell, and I would not run
-the slightest risk. You need have no fear about them.”
-
-“It’s exceedingly kind of you, Mr. Colwell. I am more grateful than I
-can say. I—I——”
-
-“The way to please me is not to mention it, Mrs. Hunt. I am going to try
-to make some money for you, so that you can at least double the income
-from the trust company.”
-
-“Thanks, ever so much. Of course, I know you are thoroughly familiar
-with such things. But I’ve heard so much about the money everybody loses
-in Wall Street that I was half afraid.”
-
-“Not when you buy good bonds, Mrs. Hunt.”
-
-“Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”
-
-“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt. Remember, whenever I may be of service you are
-to let me know immediately.”
-
-“Oh, thank you, so much, Mr. Colwell. Good morning.”
-
-“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt.”
-
-Mrs. Hunt sent him a check for $35,000, and Colwell bought 100 five-per
-cent gold bonds of the Manhattan Electric Light, Heat & Power Company,
-paying 96 for them.
-
-“These bonds,” he wrote to her, “will surely advance in price, and when
-they touch a good figure I shall sell a part, and keep the balance for
-you as an investment. The operation is partly speculative, but I assure
-you the money is safe. You will have an opportunity to increase your
-original capital and your entire funds will then be invested in these
-same bonds—Manhattan Electric 5s—as many as the money will buy. I hope
-within six months to secure for you an income of twice as much as you
-have been receiving from the trust company.”
-
-The next morning she called at his office.
-
-“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt. I trust you are well.”
-
-“Good morning, Mr. Colwell. I know I am an awful bother to you, but——”
-
-“You are greatly mistaken, Mrs. Hunt.”
-
-“You are very kind. You see, I don’t exactly understand about those
-bonds. I thought you could tell me. I’m so stupid,” archly.
-
-“I won’t have you prevaricate about yourself, Mrs. Hunt. Now, you gave
-me $35,000, didn’t you?”
-
-“Yes.” Her tone indicated that she granted that much and nothing more.
-
-“Well, I opened an account for you with our firm. You were credited with
-the amount. I then gave an order to buy one hundred bonds of $1,000
-each. We paid 96 for them.”
-
-“I don’t follow you quite, Mr. Colwell. I told you”—another arch
-smile—“I was so stupid!”
-
-“It means that for each $1,000–bond $960 was paid. It brought the total
-up to $96,000.”
-
-“But I only had $35,000 to begin with. You don’t mean I’ve made that
-much, do you?”
-
-“Not yet, Mrs. Hunt. You put in $35,000; that was your margin, you know;
-and we put in the other $61,000 and kept the bonds as security. We owe
-you $35,000, and you owe us $61,000, and——”
-
-“But—I know you’ll laugh at me, Mr. Colwell—but I really can’t help
-thinking it’s something like the poor people you read about, who
-mortgage their houses, and they go on, and the first thing you know some
-real-estate agent owns the house and you have nothing. I have a friend,
-Mrs. Stilwell, who lost hers that way,” she finished, corroboratively.
-
-“This is not a similar case, exactly. The reason why you use a margin is
-that you can do much more with the money that way than if you bought
-outright. It protects your broker against a depreciation in the security
-purchased, which is all he wants. In this case you theoretically owe us
-$61,000, but the bonds are in your name, and they are worth $96,000, so
-that if you want to pay us back, all you have to do is to order us to
-sell the bonds, return the money we have advanced, and keep the balance
-of your margin; that is, of your original sum.”
-
-“I don’t understand why I should owe the firm. I shouldn’t mind so much
-owing you, because I know you’d never take advantage of my ignorance of
-business matters. But I’ve never met Mr. Wilson nor Mr. Graves. I don’t
-even know how they look.”
-
-“But you know me,” said Mr. Colwell, with patient courtesy.
-
-“Oh, it isn’t that I’m afraid of being cheated, Mr. Colwell,” she said
-hastily and reassuringly; “but I don’t wish to be under obligations to
-any one, particularly utter strangers; though, of course, if you say it
-is all right, I am satisfied.”
-
-“My dear Mrs. Hunt, don’t worry about this matter. We bought these bonds
-at 96. If the price should advance to 110, as I think it will, then you
-can sell three fifths for $66,000, pay us back $61,000, and keep $5,000
-for emergencies in savings banks drawing 4 per cent interest, and have
-in addition 40 bonds which will pay you $2,000 a year.”
-
-“That would be lovely. And the bonds are now 96?”
-
-“Yes; you will always find the price in the financial page of the
-newspapers, where it says BONDS. Look for _Man. Elec. 5s_,” and he
-showed her.
-
-“Oh, thanks, ever so much. Of course, I am a great bother, I know——”
-
-“You are nothing of the kind, Mrs. Hunt. I’m only too glad to be of the
-slightest use to you.”
-
-Mr. Colwell, busy with several important deals, did not follow closely
-the fluctuations in the price of Manhattan Electric Light, Heat & Power
-Company 5s. The fact that there had been any change at all was made
-clear to him by Mrs. Hunt. She called a few days after her first visit,
-with perturbation written large on her face. Also, she wore the
-semi-resolute look of a person who expects to hear unacceptable excuses.
-
-“Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”
-
-“How do you do, Mrs. Hunt? Well, I hope.”
-
-“Oh, I am well enough. I wish I could say as much for my financial
-matters.” She had acquired the phrase from the financial reports which
-she had taken to reading religiously every day.
-
-“Why, how is that?”
-
-“They are 95 now,” she said, a trifle accusingly.
-
-“Who are _they_, pray, Mrs. Hunt?” in surprise.
-
-“The bonds. I saw it in last night’s paper.”
-
-Mr. Colwell smiled. Mrs. Hunt almost became indignant at his levity.
-
-“Don’t let that worry you, Mrs. Hunt. The bonds are all right. The
-market is a trifle dull; that’s all.”
-
-“A friend,” she said, very slowly, “who knows all about Wall Street,
-told me last night that it made a difference of $1,000 to me.”
-
-“So it does, in a way; that is, if you tried to sell your bonds. But as
-you are not going to do so until they show you a handsome profit, you
-need not worry. Don’t be concerned about the matter, I beg of you. When
-the time comes for you to sell the bonds I’ll let you know. Never mind
-if the price goes off a point or two. You are amply protected. Even if
-there should be a panic I’ll see that you are not sold out, no matter
-how low the price goes. You are not to worry about it; in fact, you are
-not to think about it at all.”
-
-“Oh, thanks, ever so much, Mr. Colwell. I didn’t sleep a wink last
-night. But I knew——”
-
-A clerk came in with some stock certificates and stopped short. He
-wanted Mr. Colwell’s signature in a hurry, and at the same time dared
-not interrupt. Mrs. Hunt thereupon rose and said: “Well, I won’t take up
-any more of your time. Good morning, Mr. Colwell. Thanks ever so much.”
-
-“Don’t mention it, Mrs. Hunt. Good morning. You are going to do very
-well with those bonds if you only have patience.”
-
-“Oh, I’ll be patient now that I know all about it; yes, indeed. And I
-hope your prophecy will be fulfilled. Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”
-
-Little by little the bonds continued to decline. The syndicate in charge
-was not ready to move them. But Mrs. Hunt’s unnamed friend—her Cousin
-Emily’s husband—who was employed in an up-town bank, did not know all
-the particulars of that deal. He knew the Street in the abstract, and
-had accordingly implanted the seed of insomnia in her quaking soul.
-Then, as he saw values decline, he did his best to make the seed grow,
-fertilizing a naturally rich soil with ominous hints and headshakings
-and with phrases that made her firmly believe he was gradually and
-considerately preparing her for the worst. On the third day of her agony
-Mrs. Hunt walked into Colwell’s office. Her face was pale and she looked
-distressed. Mr. Colwell sighed involuntarily—a scarcely perceptible and
-not very impolite sigh—and said: “Good morning, Mrs. Hunt.”
-
-She nodded gravely and, with a little gasp, said, tremulously: “The
-bonds!”
-
-“Yes? What about them?”
-
-She gasped again, and said: “The p-p-papers!”
-
-“What do you mean, Mrs. Hunt?”
-
-She dropped into a chair nervelessly, as if exhausted. After a pause she
-said: “It’s in all the papers. I thought the _Herald_ might be mistaken,
-so I bought the _Tribune_ and the _Times_ and the _Sun_. But no. It was
-the same in all. It was,” she added, tragically, “93!”
-
-“Yes?” he said, smilingly.
-
-The smile did not reassure her; it irritated her and aroused her
-suspicions. By him, of all men, should her insomnia be deemed no
-laughing matter.
-
-“Doesn’t that mean a loss of $3,000?” she asked. There was a
-deny-it-if-you-dare inflection in her voice of which she was not
-conscious. Her cousin’s husband had been a careful gardener.
-
-“No, because you are not going to sell your bonds at 93, but at 110, or
-thereabouts.”
-
-“But if I did want to sell the bonds now, wouldn’t I lose $3,000?” she
-queried, challengingly. Then she hastened to answer herself: “Of course
-I would, Mr. Colwell. Even I can tell that.”
-
-“You certainly would, Mrs. Hunt; but——”
-
-“I knew I was right,” with irrepressible triumph.
-
-“But you are not going to sell the bonds.”
-
-“Of course, I don’t want to, because I can’t afford to lose any money,
-much less $3,000. But I don’t see how I can help losing it. I was warned
-from the first,” she said, as if that made it worse. “I certainly had no
-business to risk my all.” She had waived the right to blame some one
-else, and there was something consciously just and judicial about her
-attitude that was eloquent. Mr. Colwell was moved by it.
-
-“You can have your money back, Mrs. Hunt, if you wish it,” he told her,
-quite unprofessionally. “You seem to worry about it so much.”
-
-“Oh, I am not worrying, exactly; only, I do wish I hadn’t bought—I mean,
-the money was so safe in the Trolleyman’s Trust Company, that I can’t
-help thinking I might just as well have let it stay where it was, even
-if it didn’t bring me in so much. But, of course, if you want me to
-leave it here,” she said, very slowly to give him every opportunity to
-contradict her, “of course, I’ll do just as you say.”
-
-“My dear Mrs. Hunt,” Colwell said, very politely, “my only desire is to
-please you and to help you. When you buy bonds you must be prepared to
-be patient. It may take months before you will be able to sell yours at
-a profit, and I don’t know how low the price will go in the meantime.
-Nobody can tell you that, because nobody knows. But it need make no
-difference to you whether the bonds go to 90, or even to 85, which is
-unlikely.”
-
-“Why, how can you say so, Mr. Colwell? If the bonds go to 90, I’ll lose
-$6,000–-my friend said it was one thousand for every number down. And at
-85 that would be”—counting on her fingers—“eleven numbers, that is,
-_eleven—thousand—dollars_!” And she gazed at him, awe-strickenly,
-reproachfully. “How _can_ you say it would make no difference, Mr.
-Colwell?”
-
-Mr. Colwell fiercely hated the unnamed “friend,” who had told her so
-little and yet so much. But he said to her, mildly: “I thought that I
-had explained all that to you. It might hurt a weak speculator if the
-bonds declined ten points, though such a decline is utterly improbable.
-But it won’t affect you in the slightest, since, having an ample margin,
-you would not be forced to sell. You would simply hold on until the
-price rose again. Let me illustrate. Supposing your house cost $10,000,
-and——”
-
-“Harry paid $32,000,” she said, correctingly. On second thought she
-smiled, in order to let him see that she knew her interpolation was
-irrelevant. But he might as well know the actual cost.
-
-“Very well,” he said, good-humoredly, “we’ll say $32,000, which was also
-the price of every other house in that block. And suppose that, owing to
-some accident, or for any reason whatever, nobody could be found to pay
-more than $25,000 for one of the houses, and three or four of your
-neighbors sold theirs at that price. But you wouldn’t, because you knew
-that in the fall, when everybody came back to town, you would find
-plenty of people who’d give you $50,000 for your house; you wouldn’t
-sell it for $25,000, and you wouldn’t worry. Would you, now?” he
-finished, cheerfully.
-
-“No,” she said slowly. “I wouldn’t worry. But,” hesitatingly, for, after
-all, she felt the awkwardness of her position, “I wish I had the money
-instead of the bonds.” And she added, self-defensively: “I haven’t slept
-a wink for three nights thinking about this.”
-
-The thought of his coming emancipation cheered Mr. Colwell immensely.
-“Your wish shall be gratified, Mrs. Hunt. Why didn’t you ask me before,
-if you felt that way?” he said, in mild reproach. And he summoned a
-clerk.
-
-“Make out a check for $35,000 payable to Mrs. Rose Hunt, and transfer
-the 100 Manhattan Electric Light 5s to my personal account.”
-
-He gave her the check and told her: “Here is the money. I am very sorry
-that I unwittingly caused you some anxiety. But all’s well that ends
-well. Any time that I can be of service to you—Not at all. Don’t thank
-me, please; no. Good morning.”
-
-But he did not tell her that by taking over her account he paid $96,000
-for bonds he could have bought in the open market for $93,000. He was
-the politest man in Wall Street; and, after all, he had known Hunt for
-many years.
-
-A week later Manhattan Electric 5–per cent bonds sold at 96 again. Mrs.
-Hunt called on him. It was noon, and she evidently had spent the morning
-mustering up courage for the visit. They greeted one another, she
-embarrassed and he courteous and kindly as usual.
-
-“Mr. Colwell, you still have those bonds, haven’t you?”
-
-“Why, yes.”
-
-“I—I think I’d like to take them back.”
-
-“Certainly, Mrs. Hunt. I’ll find out how much they are selling for.” He
-summoned a clerk to get a quotation on Manhattan Electric 5s. The clerk
-telephoned to one of their bond-specialists, and learned that the bonds
-could be bought at 96½. He reported to Mr. Colwell, and Mr. Colwell told
-Mrs. Hunt, adding: “So you see they are practically where they were when
-you bought them before.”
-
-She hesitated. “I—I—didn’t you buy them from me at 93? I’d like to buy
-them back at the same price I sold them to you.”
-
-“No, Mrs. Hunt,” he said; “I bought them from you at 96.”
-
-“But the price was 93.” And she added, corroboratively: “Don’t you
-remember it was in all the papers?”
-
-“Yes, but I gave you back exactly the same amount that I received from
-you, and I had the bonds transferred to my account. They stand on our
-books as having cost me 96.”
-
-“But couldn’t you let me have them at 93?” she persisted.
-
-“I’m very sorry, Mrs. Hunt, but I don’t see how I could. If you buy them
-in the open market now, you will be in exactly the same position as
-before you sold them, and you will make a great deal of money, because
-they are going up now. Let me buy them for you at 96½.”
-
-“At 93, you mean,” with a tentative smile.
-
-“At whatever price they may be selling for,” he corrected, patiently.
-
-“Why did you let me sell them, Mr. Colwell?” she asked, plaintively.
-
-“But, my dear madam, if you buy them now, you will be no worse off than
-if you had kept the original lot.”
-
-“Well, I don’t see why it is that I have to pay 96½ now for the very
-same bonds I sold last Tuesday at 93. If it was some other bonds,” she
-added, “I wouldn’t mind so much.”
-
-“My dear Mrs. Hunt, it makes no difference which bonds you hold. They
-have all risen in price, yours and mine and everybody’s; your lot was
-the same as any other lot. You see that, don’t you?”
-
-“Ye-es; but——”
-
-“Well, then, you are exactly where you were before you bought any.
-You’ve lost nothing, because you received your money back intact.”
-
-“I’m willing to buy them,” she said resolutely, “at 93.”
-
-“Mrs. Hunt, I wish I could buy them for you at that price. But there are
-none for sale cheaper than 96½.”
-
-“Oh, why did I let you sell my bonds!” she said, disconsolately.
-
-“Well, you worried so much because they had declined that——”
-
-“Yes, but I didn’t know anything about business matters. You know I
-didn’t, Mr. Colwell,” she finished, accusingly.
-
-He smiled in his good-natured way. “Shall I buy the bonds for you?” he
-asked. He knew the plans of the syndicate in charge, and being sure the
-bonds would advance, he thought she might as well share in the profits.
-At heart he felt sorry for her.
-
-She smiled back. “Yes,” she told him, “at 93.” It did not seem right to
-her, notwithstanding his explanations, that she should pay 96½ for them,
-when the price a few days ago was 93.
-
-“But how can I, if they are 96½?”
-
-“Mr. Colwell, it is 93 or nothing.” She was almost pale at her own
-boldness. It really seemed to her as if the price had only been waiting
-for her to sell out in order to advance. And though she wanted the
-bonds, she did not feel like yielding.
-
-“Then I very much fear it will have to be nothing.”
-
-“Er—good morning, Mr. Colwell,” on the verge of tears.
-
-“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt.” And before he knew it, forgetting all that
-had gone before, he added: “Should you change your mind, I should be
-glad to——”
-
-“I know I wouldn’t pay more than 93 if I lived to be a thousand years.”
-She looked expectantly at him, to see if he had repented, and she
-smiled—the smile that is a woman’s last resort, that says, almost
-articulately: “I know you will, of course, do as I ask. My question is
-only a formality. I know your nobility, and I fear not.” But he only
-bowed her out, very politely.
-
-On the Stock Exchange the price of _Man. Elec. L. H. & P. Co. 5s_ rose
-steadily. Mrs. Hunt, too indignant to feel lachrymose, discussed the
-subject with her Cousin Emily and her husband. Emily was very much
-interested. Between her and Mrs. Hunt they forced the poor man to make
-strange admissions, and, deliberately ignoring his feeble protests, they
-worked themselves up to the point of believing that, while it would be
-merely generous of Mr. Colwell to let his friend’s widow have the bonds
-at 93, it would be only his obvious duty to let her have them at 96½.
-The moment they reached this decision Mrs. Hunt knew how to act. And the
-more she thought the more indignant she became. The next morning she
-called on her late husband’s executor and friend.
-
-Her face wore the look often seen on those ardent souls who think their
-sacred and inalienable rights have been trampled upon by the tyrant Man,
-but who at the same time feel certain the hour of retribution is near.
-
-“Good morning, Mr. Colwell. I came to find out exactly what you propose
-to do about my bonds.” Her voice conveyed the impression that she
-expected violent opposition, perhaps even bad language, from him.
-
-“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt. Why, what do you mean?”
-
-His affected ignorance deepened the lines on her face. Instead of
-bluster he was using _finesse_!
-
-“I think you ought to know, Mr. Colwell,” she said, meaningly.
-
-“Well, I really don’t. I remember you wouldn’t heed my advice when I
-told you not to sell out, and again when I advised you to buy them
-back.”
-
-“Yes, at 96½,” she burst out, indignantly.
-
-“Well, if you had, you would to-day have a profit of over $7,000.”
-
-“And whose fault is it that I haven’t?” She paused for a reply.
-Receiving none, she went on: “But never mind; I have decided to accept
-your offer,” very bitterly, as if a poor widow could not afford to be a
-chooser; “I’ll take those bonds at 96½.” And she added, under her
-breath: “Although it really ought to be 93.”
-
-“But, Mrs. Hunt,” said Colwell, in measureless astonishment, “you can’t
-do that, you know. You wouldn’t buy them when I wanted you to, and I
-can’t buy them for you now at 96½. Really, you ought to see that.”
-
-Cousin Emily and she had gone over a dozen imaginary interviews with Mr.
-Colwell—of varying degrees of storminess—the night before, and they had,
-in an idle moment, and not because they really expected it, represented
-Mr. Colwell as taking that identical stand. Mrs. Hunt was, accordingly,
-prepared to show both that she knew her moral and technical rights, and
-that she was ready to resist any attempt to ignore them. So she said, in
-a voice so ferociously calm that it should have warned any guilty man:
-“Mr. Colwell, will you answer me one question?”
-
-“A thousand, Mrs. Hunt, with pleasure.”
-
-“No; only one. Have you kept the bonds that I bought, or have you not?”
-
-“What difference does that make, Mrs. Hunt?”
-
-He evaded the answer!
-
-“Yes or no, please. Have you, or have you not, those same identical
-bonds?”
-
-“Yes; I have. But——”
-
-“And to whom do those bonds belong, by rights?” She was still pale, but
-resolute.
-
-“To me, certainly.”
-
-“To _you_, Mr. Colwell?” She smiled. And in her smile were a thousand
-feelings; but not mirth.
-
-“Yes, Mrs. Hunt, to me.”
-
-“And do you propose to keep them?”
-
-“I certainly do.”
-
-“Not even if I pay 96½ will you give them to me?”
-
-“Mrs. Hunt,” Colwell said with warmth “when I took those bonds off your
-hands at 93 it represented a loss on paper of $3,000——”
-
-She smiled in pity—pity for his judgment in thinking her so hopelessly
-stupid.
-
-“And when you wanted me to sell them back to you at 93 after they had
-risen to 96½, if I had done as you wished, it would have meant an actual
-loss of $3,000 to me.”
-
-Again she smiled—the same smile, only the pity was now mingled with
-rising indignation.
-
-“For Harry’s sake I was willing to pocket the first loss, in order that
-you might not worry. But I didn’t see why I should make you a present of
-$3,000,” he said, very quietly.
-
-“I never asked you to do it,” she retorted, hotly.
-
-“If you had lost any money through my fault, it would have been
-different. But you had your original capital unimpaired. You had nothing
-to lose, if you bought back the same bonds at practically the same
-price. Now you come and ask me to sell you the bonds at 96½ that are
-selling in the market for 104, as a reward, I suppose, for your refusal
-to take my advice.”
-
-“Mr. Colwell, you take advantage of my position to insult me. And Harry
-trusted you so much! But let me tell you that I am not going to let you
-do just as you please. No doubt you would like to have me go home and
-forget how you’ve acted toward me. But I am going to consult a lawyer,
-and see if I am to be treated this way by a _friend_ of my husband’s.
-You’ve made a mistake, Mr. Colwell.”
-
-“Yes, madam, I certainly have. And, in order to avoid making any more,
-you will oblige me greatly by never again calling at this office. By all
-means consult a lawyer. Good morning, madam,” said the politest man in
-Wall Street.
-
-“We’ll see,” was all she said; and she left the room.
-
-Colwell paced up and down his office nervously. It was seldom that he
-allowed himself to lose his temper, and he did not like it. The ticker
-whirred away excitedly, and in an absent-minded, half-disgusted way he
-glanced sideways at it.
-
-“_Man. Elec. 5s, 106⅛_,” he read on the tape.
-
-
-
-
- THE BREAK IN TURPENTINE
-
-
-In the beginning of the beginning the distillers of turpentine carried
-competition to the quarrelling point. Then they carried the quarrel to
-the point of silence, which was most to be feared, for it meant that no
-time was to be wasted in words. All were losing money; but each hoped
-that the others were losing more, proportionately, and therefore would
-go under all the sooner. The survivors thought they could manage to keep
-on surviving, for on what twelve would starve four could feast.
-
-It is seen periodically in the United States: an industry apparently
-suffering from suicidal mania. It is incomprehensible, inexplicable,
-though mediocrities mutter: “Over-production!” and shake their heads
-complacently, proud of having diagnosed the trouble. Here was the
-turpentine business, once great and lucrative, now ruin-producing;
-formerly affording a comfortable livelihood to many thousands and now
-giving ever-diminishing wages to ever-diminishing numbers.
-
-It was Mr. Alfred Neustadt, a banker in a famous turpentine district,
-who first called his brother-in-law’s attention to the pitiable sight.
-Mr. Jacob Greenbaum’s soul thrilled during Neustadt’s recital. He
-perceived golden possibilities that dazzled him: He decided to form a
-Turpentine Trust.
-
-First he bought for a song all the bankrupt stills; seven of them. Later
-on, in his scheme of trust creation, these self-same distilleries would
-be turned over to the “octopus,” at nice fat figures, as Greenbaum put
-it, self-admiringly, to his brother-in-law. Then he secured options on
-nine others, the tired-unto-death plants. In this way he was able to
-control “a large productive capacity” at an expenditure positively
-marvellous—it was so small. It was also in his brother-in-law’s name.
-Then the banking house of Greenbaum, Lazarus & Co. stepped in,
-interested accomplices, duped or coerced into selling enough other
-distillers to assure success, cajoled the more stubborn, wheedled the
-more credulous, gave way gracefully to the shrewder and gathered them
-all into the fold. The American Turpentine Company was formed, with a
-capital stock of $30,000,000 or 300,000 shares at $100 each. The cash
-needed, to pay Mr. Greenbaum, Neustadt and others who sold their plants
-for “part cash and part stock,” was provided by an issue of $25,000,000
-of 6 per cent bonds, underwritten by a syndicate composed of Greenbaum,
-Lazarus & Co., I. & S. Wechsler, Morris Steinfelder’s Sons, Reis &
-Stern, Kohn, Fischel & Co., Silberman & Lindheim, Rosenthal, Shaffran &
-Co. and Zeman Bros.
-
-They were men who never “speculated”; sometimes they “conducted
-financial operations.” They had shears, not fleeces.
-
-The prospectus of the “Trust” was a masterpiece of persuasiveness and
-vagueness, of slim statistics and alluring generalities. In due course
-of time the public subscribed for the greater part of the $25,000,000 of
-bonds, and both bonds and stock were “listed” on the New York Stock
-Exchange—that is, they were placed on the list of securities which
-members may buy or sell on the “floor” of the Exchange.
-
-Tabularly expressed, the syndicate’s operations were as follows:
-
- Authorized stock $30,000,000
- Authorized bonds 25,000,000
- ___________
- Total $55,000,000
- Actual worth of property 12,800,000
- ___________
- _Aqua Pura_ $42,200,000
-
- Paid to owners for 41 distilleries representing 90 per cent of the
- turpentine production (and 121 per cent of the consumption!) of
- the United States:
-
- Cash from bond sales $8,975,983
- Bonds 12,000,000
- Stock 18,249,800
- ___________
- Total $39,225,783
- Syndicate’s commission, stock 12,988,500
- Retained in Co.’s treasury, unissued 2,000,000
- Expenses and discounts on bonds, etc. 785,717
- ___________
- Total $55,000,000
-
-These figures were not for publication. They told the exact truth.
-
-The public knew nothing of the company’s earning capacity, save a few
-tentative figures from the prospectus, which was a sort of financial
-gospel according to Greenbaum, but which did not create fanatical
-devotees among investors. The stock, unlike the Kipling ship, had not
-found itself. It was not market-proven, not seasoned; no one knew how
-much dependence to put on it; wherefore the banks would not take it as
-collateral security on loans and wherefore the “speculative community”
-(as the newspapers call the stock gamblers) would not touch it, since in
-a pinch it might prove utterly unvendible. It remained for the syndicate
-to make a “market” for it, to develop such a condition of affairs that
-anyone at any time could, without overmuch difficulty and without
-causing over-great fluctuations, sell readily American Turpentine
-Company stock. The syndicate would have to earn its commission.
-
-All the manufacturers who had received stock in part payment were told
-most impressively by Mr. Greenbaum not to sell their holdings under any
-circumstances at any price below $75 a share. Not knowing Mr. Greenbaum,
-they readily and solemnly promised to obey him. They even permitted
-themselves to think, after talking to him, that they would some day
-receive $80 per share for all their holdings. This precluded any
-untimely “unloading” by the only people outside the syndicate that held
-any Turpentine stock at all.
-
-Mr. Greenbaum took charge of the market conduct of “Turp,” as the tape
-called the stock of the American Turpentine Company. At first, the price
-was marked up by means of “matched” orders—preconcerted and therefore
-not bona fide transactions. Mr. Greenbaum told one of his brokers to
-sell 1,000 shares of “Turp” to another of his brokers and shortly
-afterwards the second broker sold the same 1,000 shares to a third, by
-pre-arrangement—this being the matching process—with the result that the
-tape recorded transactions of 2,000 shares. After the “matching” had
-gone on for some time, readers of the tape were supposed to imagine that
-the stock was legitimately active and strong—two facts which in turn
-were supposed to whet the buying appetite. It was against the rule of
-the Exchange to “match” orders, but how could convictions be secured?
-
-“Turp” began at 25 and as the syndicate had all the stock in the market,
-it was easily manipulated upward to 35. Every day, many thousands of
-shares, according to the Stock Exchange’s official records, “changed
-hands”—from Greenbaum’s right to his left and back again—and the price
-rose steadily. But something was absent. The manipulation was not
-convincing. It did not make the general public nibble. The only buyers
-were the “room traders,” that is, the professional stock gamblers who
-were members of the Exchange and speculated for themselves exclusively;
-and those customers of the commission houses who, because they were
-bound to speculate daily or die and because they studied the
-ticker-ribbon so assiduously, were known by the generic name of
-“tape-worms.” These gentry, in and out of the Exchange, provided the
-tape in its curious language foretold a rise, would buy anything—from
-capitalized impudence, as in the case of Back Bay Gas, whose property
-was actually worth nil and its capital stock was $100,000,000, up to
-Government bonds.
-
-Now, the room traders and the tape-worms reasoned not illogically that
-the “Greenbaum gang” had all the stock and that perforce the “gang” had
-to find a market for it; and the only way to do this was by a nice
-“bull” or upward movement. When a stock rises and rises and rises the
-newspapers are full of pleasant stories about it and the lambs read but
-do not run away; they buy on the assumption that, as the stock has
-already risen ten points it may rise ten more. This explains why they
-make so much money in Wall Street—for the natives.
-
-Greenbaum and his associates were exceptionally shrewd business men,
-thoroughly familiar with Wall Street and its methods, cautious yet bold,
-far-seeing yet eminently of the day. They were practical financiers.
-They marked up the price of “Turp” ten points; but they could not arouse
-public interest in it so that people would buy it. Indeed, at the end of
-three weeks, during which the “Street” had been flooded with impressive
-advice, printed and spoken, to buy because the price was going higher,
-all they had for their trouble was more stock-–6,000 shares from Ira D.
-Keep, a distiller, who sold out at 38 because he needed the money; and
-they also were obliged to buy back from the “room traders” at 35 and 36
-and higher, the same stock the “gang” had sold at 30 and 31 and 32 and
-34. Then the manipulators had to “support” the stock at the higher
-level, that is, they had to keep it from declining, which could be done
-only by continuous buying. By doing this the public might imagine there
-was considerable merit in a stock which was in such good demand from
-intelligent people as to remain firm, notwithstanding its previous
-substantial rise. And if somebody wanted “Turp” why shouldn’t the public
-want it? The public generally asks itself that question. It is in the
-nature of a nibble and rejoices the hearts of the financial anglers.
-
-Every attempt to sell “Turp” met with failure. At length it was decided
-to allow the price to sink back to an “invitingly low” level. It was
-done. But still the invited public refused to buy. Efforts to encourage
-a short interest to over-extend itself unto “squeezable” proportions
-failed similarly. The Street was afraid to go “short” of a stock which
-was so closely held. The philosophy of short selling is simple; it
-really amounts to betting that values will decline. A man who “sells
-short” sells what he does not possess, but hopes to buy, later on, at a
-lower price. But since he must deliver what he sells he borrows it from
-some one else, giving the lender ample security. To “cover” or to “buy
-in” is to purchase stock previously sold short. Obviously, it is unwise
-to be short of a stock which is held by such a few that it may be
-difficult to borrow it. To “squeeze” shorts is to advance the price in
-order to force “covering.” This is done when the short interest is large
-enough to make it worth while.
-
-In the course of the next few months, after a series of injudicious
-fluctuations which gave to “Turp” a bad name, even as Wall Street names
-went, despite glowing accounts of the company’s wonderful business and
-after distributing less than 35,000 shares, the members of the
-“Turpentine Skindicate,” as it was popularly called, sorrowfully
-acknowledged that, while they had skilfully organized the trust and had
-done fairly well with the bonds, they certainly were not howling
-successes as manipulators. During the following eight months they sold
-more stock. They spared not the widow nor the orphan. They even “stuck”
-their intimate friends. They had sold for something what had cost them
-nothing; it was natural to wish to sell more.
-
-Now, manipulators of stocks are born, not made. The art is most
-difficult, for stocks should be manipulated in such wise that they will
-not look manipulated. Anybody can buy stocks or can sell them. But not
-every one can sell stocks and at the same time convey the impression
-that he is buying them, and that prices therefore must inevitably go
-much higher. It requires boldness and consummate judgment, knowledge of
-technical stock-market conditions, infinite ingenuity and mental
-agility, absolute familiarity with human nature, a careful study of the
-curious psychological phenomena of gambling and long experience with the
-Wall Street public and with the wonderful imagination of the American
-people; to say nothing of knowing thoroughly the various brokers to be
-employed, their capabilities, limitations and personal temperaments;
-also, their price.
-
-Adequate manipulative machinery, moreover, can be perfected only with
-much toil and patience and money. Professional Wall Street will always
-tell you that “the tape tells the story.” The little paper ribbon,
-therefore, must be made to tell such stories as the manipulator desires
-should be told to the public; he must produce certain effects which
-should preserve an appearance of alluring spontaneity and, above all, of
-legitimacy and candor; he must be a great artist in mendacity and at the
-same time have the superb self-confidence of a grizzly.
-
-Several members of the syndicate had many of these qualities, but none
-had them all. It was decided to put “Turp” stock in the hands of Samuel
-Wimbleton Sharpe, the best manipulator Wall Street had ever known.
-“Jakey” Greenbaum said he would conduct the negotiations with the great
-plunger.
-
-Sharpe was a financial free-lance, free-booter and free-thinker. He had
-made his first fortune in the mining camps of Arizona and finding that
-field too narrow had come to New York, where he could gamble to his
-heart’s content. He was all the things that an ideal manipulator should
-be and several more. He had arrived in New York with a sneer on his lips
-and a loaded revolver in his financial hands. The other “big operators”
-looked at him in pained astonishment. “I carry my weapons openly,”
-Sharpe told them, “and you conceal your dirks. Don’t hurt yourselves
-trying to look honest. I never turn my back on such as you.” Of this
-encounter was born a hostility that never grew faint. Sharpe had nothing
-of his own to unload on anyone else, no property to overcapitalize and
-sell to an undiscriminating public by means of artistic lies and his
-enemies often did. So they called him a gambler, very bitterly, and he
-called them philanthropists, very cheerfully. If he thought a stock was
-unduly high he sold it confidently, aggressively, stupendously. If he
-thought a stock was too low he bought it boldly, ready to take all the
-offerings and bid for more. And once on the march, he might be
-temporarily checked, be forced by the enemy to halt for a day or a week
-or a month; but inevitably he arrived. And such an arrival!
-
-And as a manipulator of stock-values he had no equal. On the bull side
-he rushed a stock upward so steadily, so boldly and brilliantly, but,
-above all, so persuasively, that lesser gamblers almost fought to be
-allowed to take it off his hands at incredibly high prices. And when in
-the conduct of one of his masterly bear campaigns he saw fit to “hammer”
-the market, values melted away as by magic—Satanic magic, the poor lambs
-thought. All stocks looked “sick,” looked as though prices would go much
-lower; murmurs of worse things to come were in the air, vague,
-disquieting, ruin-breeding. The atmosphere of the Street was
-supersaturated with apprehension, and the black shadow of Panic brooded
-over the Stock Exchange, chilling the little gamblers’ hearts, wiping
-out the last of the little gamblers’ margins. And even the presidents of
-the solid, conservative banks studied the ticker uneasily in their
-offices.
-
-Greenbaum was promptly admitted to Sharpe’s private office. It was a
-half-darkened room, the windows having wire-screens, summer and winter,
-in order that prying eyes across the street might not see his visitors
-or his confidential brokers, whose identity it was advisable should
-remain unknown to the Street. He was walking up and down the room,
-pausing from time to time to look at the tape. The ticker is the only
-telescope the stock-market general has; it tells him what his forces are
-doing and how the enemy is meeting his attacks. Every inch of the tape
-is so much ground; every quotation represents so many shots.
-
-There was something feline in Sharpe’s stealthy, soundless steps, in his
-mustaches, in the conformation of his face—broad of forehead and
-triangulating chin-ward. In his eyes, too, there was something
-tigerish—unmelodramatically cold hearted and coldly curious as they
-looked upon Mr. Jacob Greenbaum. Unconsciously the unfanciful
-Trust-maker asked himself whether Sharpe’s heart-beats were not ticker
-ticks, impassively indicating the pulse of the stock-market.
-
-“Hallo, Greenbaum.”
-
-“How do you do, Mr. Sharpe?” quoth the millionaire senior partner of the
-firm of Greenbaum, Lazarus & Co. “I hope you are well?” He bent his head
-to one side, his eyes full of a caressing scrutiny, as though to
-ascertain the exact condition of Sharpe’s health. “Yes, you must be. I
-haven’t seen you look so fine in a long time.”
-
-“You didn’t come up here just to tell me this, Greenbaum, did you? How’s
-your Turpentine? Oh!”—with a long whistle—“I see. You want me to go into
-it, hey?” And he laughed—a sort of half-chuckle, half-snarl.
-
-Greenbaum looked at him admiringly; then, with a tentative smile, he
-said: “I am discovered!”
-
-Nearly every American may be met as an equal on the field of Humor. To
-jest in business matters of the greatest importance bespoke the national
-trait. Moreover, if Sharpe declined, Greenbaum could treat the entire
-affair—the proposal and the rejection—as parts of a joke.
-
-“Well?” said Sharpe, unhumorously.
-
-“What’s the matter with a pool?”
-
-“How big?” coldly.
-
-“Up to the limit.” Again the Trust-maker smiled, uncertainly.
-
-“You haven’t all the capital stock, I hope.”
-
-“Well, call it 100,000 shares,” said Greenbaum, more uncertainly and
-less jovially.
-
-“Who is to be in it besides you?”
-
-“Oh, you know; the same old crowd.”
-
-“Oh, I know,” mimicked Mr. Sharpe, scornfully, “the same old crowd. You
-ought to have come to me before; it will take something to overcome your
-own reputations. How much will each take?”
-
-“We’ll fix that O. K. if you take hold,” answered Greenbaum, laughingly.
-“We’ve got over 100,000 shares and we’d rather some one else held some
-of it. We ain’t hogs. Ha! Ha!”
-
-“But, the distillers?”
-
-“They are in the pool. I’ve got most of their stock in my office. I’ll
-see that it does not come out until I say so.”
-
-There was a pause. Between Sharpe’s eyebrows were two deep lines. At
-length, he said:
-
-“Bring your friends here, this afternoon. Good-by, Greenbaum. And, I
-say, Greenbaum.”
-
-“Yes?”
-
-“No funny tricks at any stage of the game.”
-
-“What’s the use of saying such things, Mr. Sharpe?” with an experimental
-frown.
-
-“The use is so you won’t try any. Come at four,” and Mr. Sharpe began to
-pace up and down the room. Greenbaum hesitated, still frowning
-tentatively; but he said nothing and at length went out.
-
-Sharpe looked at the tape. “Turp” was 29¼.
-
-He resumed his restless march back and forth. It was only when the
-market “went against him” that Mr. Sharpe did not pace about the room in
-the mechanical way of a menagerie animal, glancing everywhere but seeing
-nothing. When something unexpected happened in the market Sharpe stood
-immobile beside the ticker, because his overworked nerves were
-tense—like a tiger into whose cage there enters a strange and eatable
-animal.
-
-On the minute of four there called on Mr. Sharpe the senior partners of
-the firms of Greenbaum, Lazarus & Co., I. & S. Wechsler, Morris
-Steinfelder’s Sons, Reis & Stern, Kohn, Fischel & Co., Silberman &
-Lindheim, Rosenthal, Shaffran & Co., and Zeman Bros.
-
-They were ushered not into the private office, but into a sumptuously
-furnished room, the walls of which were covered with dashing oil
-paintings of horses and horse-races. The visitors seated themselves
-about a long oaken table.
-
-Mr. Sharpe appeared at the threshold.
-
-“How do you do, gentlemen? Don’t move, please; don’t move.” He made no
-motion to shake hands with any of them, but Greenbaum came to him and
-held out his fat dexter resolutely and Sharpe took it. Then Greenbaum
-sat down and said, “We’re here,” and smiled, blandly.
-
-Sharpe stood at the head of the polished, shining table, and glanced
-slowly down the double row of alert faces. His look rested a fraction of
-a minute on each man’s eyes—a sharp, half-contemptuous, almost menacing
-look that made the older men uncomfortable and the younger resentful.
-
-“Greenbaum tells me you wish to pool your Turpentine stock and have me
-market it for you.”
-
-All nodded; a few said “yes”; one—Lindheim, _aetat 27_—said, flippantly,
-“That’s what.”
-
-“Very well. What will each man’s proportion be?”
-
-“I have a list here, Sharpe,” put in Greenbaum. He intentionally omitted
-the “Mr.” for effect upon his colleagues. Sharpe noted it, but did not
-mind it.
-
-Sharpe read aloud:
-
- Greenbaum, Lazarus & Co 38,000 shares.
- I. & S. Wechsler 14,000 shares.
- Morris Steinfelder’s Sons 14,000 shares.
- Reis & Stern 11,000 shares.
- Kohn, Fischel & Co 10,000 shares.
- Silberman & Lindheim 9,000 shares.
- Rosenthal, Shaffran & Co 9,800 shares.
- Zeman Bros 8,600 shares.
- ______________
-
- Total 114,400 shares.
-
-“Is that correct, gentlemen?” asked Sharpe.
-
-Greenbaum nodded his head and smiled affably as befitted the holder of
-the biggest block. Some said “Yes”; others, “That is correct.” Young
-Lindheim said, “That’s what.” The founders of the firm—his uncle and his
-father—were dead, and he had inherited the entire business from the two.
-His flippancy was not inherited from either.
-
-“It is understood,” said Sharpe, slowly, “that I am to have complete
-charge of the pool, and conduct operations as I see fit. I want no
-advice and no questions. If there is any asking to be done, I’ll do it.
-If my way does not suit you we’ll call the deal off right here, because
-it’s the only way I have. I know my business, and if you know yours
-you’ll keep your mouths shut in this office and out of it.”
-
-No one said a word, not even Lindheim.
-
-“Each of you will continue to carry the stock for which he has agreed to
-stand in the pool. You’ve had it a year and couldn’t sell it, and you
-might keep it a few weeks more, until I sell it for you. It must be
-subject to my call at one minute’s notice. I’ve looked into the
-company’s business, and I think the stock can easily sell at 75 or 80.”
-
-Something like a gasp of astonishment came from those eight hardened
-speculators. Then Greenbaum smiled, knowingly, as if that were his
-programme, memorized and spoken by Sharpe.
-
-“It is also understood,” went on Sharpe, very calmly, “that none of you
-has any other stock for sale at any price, excepting his proportion in
-this pool, and that proportion, of course, is not to be sold excepting
-by me.” No one said a word, and he continued:
-
-“My profit will be 25 per cent of the pool’s winnings, figuring on the
-stock having been put in at 29. The remaining profits will be divided
-pro rata among you; the necessary expenses will be shared similarly. I
-think that’s all. And, gentlemen, no unloading on the sly—not one
-share.”
-
-“I want you to understand, Mr. Sharpe, that we are not in the habit of—”
-began Greenbaum with perfunctory dignity. He felt it was his duty to
-remonstrate before his colleagues.
-
-“Oh, that’s all right, Greenbaum. I know you. That’s why I’m particular.
-We’ve all been in Wall Street more than a month or two. I simply said,
-‘No shenanigan.’ And, Greenbaum,” he added, very distinctly, while his
-eyes took on that curious, cold, menacing look, “I mean it, every d——d
-word of it. I want the numbers of all your stock-certificates. Excuse
-me, gentlemen. I am very busy. Good-afternoon.”
-
-And that is how the famous bull pool in Turpentine came to be formed.
-They thought he might have been nicer, more diplomatic; but as they had
-sought him, not he them, they bore with his eccentricities. Each pool
-manager had his way, just as there are various kinds of pools.
-
-“Sam is not half a bad fellow,” Greenbaum told them, as if apologizing
-for a dear friend’s weaknesses. “He wants to make out he is a devil of a
-cynic, but he’s all right. If you humor him you can make him do
-anything. _I_ always let him have his way.”
-
-On the very next day began the historical advance in Turpentine. It
-opened up at 30. The specialists—brokers who made a specialty of dealing
-in it—took 16,000 shares, causing an advance to 32⅛. Everybody who had
-been “landed” with the shares at higher figures, and had bitterly
-regretted it ever since, now began to feel hopeful. As never before a
-stock had been manipulated, with intent to deceive and malice prepense,
-so did Sharpe manipulate Turpentine stock. The tape told the most
-wonderful stories in the world, not the less wonderful because utterly
-untrue. Thus, one day the leading commission houses in the Street were
-the buyers, which inevitably led to talk of “important developments”;
-and the next day brokers identified with certain prominent financiers
-took calmly, deliberately, nonchalantly, all the offerings; which
-clearly indicated that the aforementioned financiers had acquired a
-“controlling interest”—the majority of the stock—of the American
-Turpentine Company. And on another day there was a long string of
-purchases of “odd” lots—amounts less than 100 shares—by brokers that
-usually did business for the Greenbaum syndicate, meaning that friends
-of the syndicate had received a “tip” straight from “the inside” and
-were buying for investment.
-
-Then, one fine, sunshiny day, when everybody felt very well and the
-general market was particularly firm, the loquacious tape told the
-watchful professional gamblers of Wall Street—oh, so plainly!—that there
-was “inside realizing”; said, almost articulately to them, that the
-people most familiar with the property were unloading. Sharpe was
-selling, with intentional clumsiness, stock he had been forced to
-accumulate during his bull manipulation—for in order to advance the
-price he had to buy much—and he was not averse to conveying such
-impressions as would lead to the creation of a short interest, large
-enough to make it profitable to “squeeze.” He had too much company on
-the bull side. And sure enough the professional gamblers said: “Aha!
-They are through with it. The movement is over!” and sold “Turp” short
-confidently, for a worthless stock had no business to be selling at $46
-a share. The price yielded and they sold more the next day. But lo, on
-the day following, the Board member of a very conservative house went
-into the “Turp” crowd and bought it—he did not “bid up” the price at
-all, but bought and bought until he had accumulated 20,000 shares, and
-the bears became panic-stricken, and rumors of a nearby dividend began
-to circulate, and the bears covered their shorts at a loss and “went
-long”—bought in the hope of a further rise—and the stock closed at 52.
-
-And Sharpe reduced very greatly the amount of “Turp” stock he had been
-obliged to take for manipulative purposes. So far he was buying more
-than he sold. Later he would sell more than he bought. When the demand
-exceeds the vendible supply, obviously the price rises; when the supply
-for sale exceeds the demand, a fall results. But the average selling
-price of a big line may be high enough to make the operation profitable,
-even though a decline occurs during the course of the selling.
-
-For a week “Turp” rested; then it began to rise once more. At 56 and 58
-it became the most active stock of the entire list. Everybody talked
-about it. The newspapers began to publish statements of the company’s
-wonderful earnings, and the Street began to think that, in common with
-other “trusts,” the American Turpentine Company must be a very
-prosperous concern. The company at this time developed a habit of
-advancing prices a fraction of a cent per gallon every week, so that the
-papers could talk of the boom in the turpentine trade.
-
-At 60 the Street thought there really must be something behind the
-movement, for no mere manipulation could put up the price thirty points
-in a month’s time, which shows what a wonderful artist Sharpe was. And
-people began to look curiously and admiringly and enviously and in many
-other ways at “Jakey” Greenbaum and his accomplices, and to accuse them
-of having intentionally kept down the price of the stock for a year in
-order to “freeze out” the poor, unsophisticated stockholders, and to
-“tire out” some of the early buyers, because “Turp,” being “a good
-thing,” Greenbaum _et al._ wanted it all for themselves. And Greenbaum
-_et al._ smiled guiltily and said nothing, though Jakey winked from time
-to time when they spoke to him about it; and old Isidore Wechsler
-cultivated a Napoleon III. look of devilish astuteness; and “Bob”
-Lindheim became almost dignified; and myopic little Morris Steinfelder
-gained 15 pounds and Rosenthal stopped patting everybody on the back,
-and mutely invited everybody to pat him on the back.
-
-Then Sharpe sent for “Jakey,” and on the next day young “Eddie” Lazarus
-swaggeringly offered to wager $10,000 against $5,000 that a dividend on
-“Turp” stock would be declared during the year. Whereupon the newspapers
-of their own accord began to guess how great a dividend would be paid,
-and when; and various figures were mentioned in the Board room by
-brokers who confided to their hearers that they “got it on the dead q.
-t., _straight from the inside_.” And two days later Sharpe’s unsuspected
-brokers offered to pay 1¾ per cent for the dividend on 100,000 shares,
-said dividend to be declared within sixty days or the money forfeited.
-And the stock sold up to 66¾, and the public wanted it. A big, broad
-market had been established, in which one could buy or sell the stock
-with ease by the tens of thousands of shares. The 114,400 shares, which
-at the inception of the movement at the unsalable price of $30 a share
-represented a theoretical $3,432,000, now readily vendible at $65 a
-share, meant $7,422,000; not half bad for a few weeks’ work.
-
-And still Sharpe, wonderful man that he was, gave no sign that he was
-about to begin unloading. Whereupon the other members of the pool began
-to wish he were not quite so greedy. They were satisfied to quit, they
-said. The presence of the pool’s stock in their offices began to
-irritate them. They knew the vicissitudes of life, the uncertainties of
-politics, and of the stock market. Supposing some crazy anarchist blew
-up the President of the United States, or the Emperor of Germany were to
-insult his grandmother, the market would “break” to pieces, and their
-$4,000,000 of paper profits would disappear. They implored, individually
-and collectively, Mr. Jacob Greenbaum to call on Sharpe; and Greenbaum,
-disregarding a still, small voice that warned him against it, went to
-Sharpe’s office, and came out of it, two minutes later, somewhat
-flushed, and assured his colleagues one by one that Sharpe was all
-right, and that he seemed to know his business. Also, that he was cranky
-that day. He always was, added Greenbaum forgivingly, when one of his
-horses lost a race.
-
-The stock fluctuated between 60 and 65. It seemed to be having a resting
-spell. But as it had enjoyed these periods of repose on three several
-occasions during the rise—at 40 and 48 and 56–-the public became all the
-more eager to buy it whenever it fell to 60 or 59, for the Street was
-now full of tips that “Turp” would go to par. And such was the public’s
-speculative temper and Mr. Sharpe’s good work that disinterested
-observers were convinced the stock would surely sell above 90 at the
-very least. Mr. Sharpe still bought and sold, but he sold twice as much
-as he bought, and the big block he had been obliged to take in the
-course of his manipulation diminished. On the next day he hoped to begin
-selling the pool stock.
-
-That very day Mr. Greenbaum, as he returned to his office from his
-luncheon, felt well pleased with the meal and therefore with himself and
-therefore with everything. He scanned a yard or two of the tape and
-smiled. “Turp” was certainly very active and very strong.
-
-“In such a market,” thought Mr. Greenbaum, “Sharpe can’t possibly tell
-he’s getting stock from me. In order to be on the safe side I’m going to
-let him have a couple of thousand. Then, should anything happen, I’d be
-that much ahead. Ike!” he called to a clerk.
-
-“Yes, sir.”
-
-“Sell two—wait; make it 3,000–-no, never mind. Send for Mr. Ed Lazarus.”
-And he muttered to himself, with a sub-thrill of pleasure: “I can just
-as well as not make it 5,000 shares.”
-
-“Eddie,” he said to his partner’s son, “give an order to some of the
-room traders, say to Willie Schiff, to sell five—er—six—tell him to sell
-7,000 shares of Turpentine and to borrow the stock. I am not selling a
-share, see?” with a wink. “It’s short selling by him, do you
-understand?”
-
-“Do I? Well, I guess. I’ll fix that part O.K.,” said young Lazarus,
-complacently. He thought he would cover Greenbaum’s tracks so well as to
-deceive everybody, including that highly disagreeable man, Samuel
-Wimbleton Sharpe. He felt so confident, so elated, did the young man,
-that when he gave the order to his friend and club-mate, Willie Schiff,
-he raised it to 10,000 shares. Greenbaum’s breach of faith had grown
-from the relatively small lot of 2,000 shares to five times that amount.
-It was to all appearances short stock, and it was duly “borrowed” by
-young Schiff. It was advisable that it should so appear. In the first
-place no member of the pool could supply the stock which he held,
-because Sharpe could trace the selling to the office, as he had the
-numbers of the stock certificates. And, again, short selling does not
-have the weakening effect that long selling has. When stock is sold
-short it is evident that sooner or later the seller will have to buy it
-back; that is, a future demand for the stock is assured from this
-source, if from no other. Whereas, long stock is that actually held by
-some one.
-
-Isidore Wechsler, who held 14,000 shares, was suffering from a bad liver
-the same day that Greenbaum was suffering from nothing at all, not even
-a conscience. A famous art collection would be sold at auction that
-week, and he felt sure his vulgar friend, “Abe” Wolff, would buy a
-couple of exceptionally fine Troyons and a world-famous Corot, merely to
-get his name in the papers.
-
-“‘Turp,’ 62⅞,” said his nephew, who was standing by the ticker.
-
-Then old Wechsler had an idea. If he sold 2,000 shares of Turpentine at
-62 or 63, he would have enough to buy the best ten canvases of the
-collection. His name—and the amounts paid—would grace the columns of the
-papers. What was 3,000 shares, or even 4,000, when Sharpe had made such
-a big, broad market for the stock?
-
-“Why, I might as well make it 5,000 shares while I’m about it, for
-there’s no telling what may happen if Sharpe should overstay his market.
-I’ll build a new stable at Westhurst”—his country place—“and call it,”
-said old Wechsler to himself, in his peculiar, facetious way so renowned
-in Wall Street, “the Turpentine Horse Hotel, in honor of Sharpe.” And so
-his 5,000 shares were sold by E. Halford, who had the order from Herzog,
-Wertheim & Co., who received it from Wechsler. It was short selling, of
-course.
-
-Total breach of faith, 15,000 shares.
-
-Now that very evening Bob Lindheim’s extremely handsome wife wanted a
-necklace, and wanted it at once; also she wanted it of filbert-sized
-diamonds. She had heard her husband speak highly of Sam Sharpe’s
-masterly manipulation of Turpentine, and she knew he was “in on the
-ground floor.” She read the newspapers, and she always followed the
-stock market diligently, for Bob, being young and loving, used to give
-her a share in his stock deals from time to time, and she learned to
-figure for herself her “paper” or theoretical profits, when there were
-any, so that Bob couldn’t have “welched” if he had wished. On this
-particular evening she had statistics ready for him, showing how much
-money he had made; and she wanted that necklace. She had longed for it
-for months. It cost only $17,000. But there was also a lovely bracelet,
-diamonds and rubies, and——
-
-Lindheim, to his everlasting credit, remonstrated and told her: “Wait
-until the pool realizes, sweetheart. I don’t know at what price that
-will be, for Sharpe says nothing. But I know we’ll all make something
-handsome, and so will you. I’ll give you 500 shares at 30. There!”
-
-“But I want it now!” she protested, pouting. She was certainly
-beautiful, and when she pouted, with her rich, red lips——
-
-“Wait a week, dear,” he urged nevertheless.
-
-“Lend me the money now, and I’ll pay it back to you when you give me
-what I make on the deal,” she said, with fine finality. And seeing
-hesitation in Bob’s face, she added, solemnly: “Honest, I will, Bob.
-I’ll pay you back every cent, this time.”
-
-“I’ll think about it,” said Bob. He always said it when he had
-capitulated, and she knew it, and so she said, magnanimously: “Very
-well, dear.”
-
-Lindheim thought 1,000 shares would do it, so he decided to sell a
-thousand the next day, for you can never tell what may happen, and
-accidents seldom help the bulls. But as he thought of it in his office
-more calmly, more deliberately, away from his wife and from the
-influence she exercised over him, it struck him forcibly that it was
-wrong to sell 1,000 shares of Turpentine stock. He might as well as not
-make it 2,500; and he did. He was really a modest fellow, and very
-young. His wife’s cousin sold the stock for him, apparently short.
-
-Total breach of faith, 17,500 shares. The market stood it well. Sharpe
-was certainly a wonderful chap.
-
-Unfortunately, Morris Steinfelder, Jr., decided to sell 1,500 “Turp,”
-and did so. The stock actually rose a half point on his sales. So he
-sold another 1,500, and, as a sort of parting shot, 500 shares more. All
-this through an unsuspected broker.
-
-Total breach of faith, 21,000 shares. The market was but slightly
-affected.
-
-Then Louis Reis of Reis & Stern, “Andy” Fischel of Kohn, Fischel & Co.,
-Hugo Zeman of Zeman Bros., and “Joe” Shaffran of Rosenthal, Shaffran &
-Co., all thought they could break their pledges to Sharpe with impunity,
-and each sold, to be on the safe side. This last lump figured up as
-follows:
-
- ─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────
- │ Sales First │ Period of │Actual Sales.
- │Contemplated.│ Hesitancy. │
- ─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────
- │ Shares. │ Minutes. │ Shares.
- Louis Reis │ 1,500│ 3 │ 2,600
- Andy Fischel │ 2,000│ 15 │ 5,000
- Hugo Zeman │ 1,000│ 0 │ 1,000
- Joe Shaffran │ 500│ 1¾ │ 1,800
- ─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────
-
-Total breach of faith, 31,400 shares.
-
-The market did not take it well. Sharpe, endeavoring to realize on the
-remainder of his manipulative purchases, found that “some one had been
-there before him.”
-
-An accurate list of the buyers and sellers was sent in every day by his
-lieutenants, for all but the most skilful operators invariably betray
-themselves when they attempt to sell a big block of stock. He scanned it
-very carefully now, and put two and two together; and he made certain
-inquiries and put four and four together—four names and four other
-names. He saw through the time-worn device of the fictitious short
-selling. He knew the only people who would dare sell such a large amount
-must be his colleagues. He also was convinced that their breach of faith
-was not a concerted effort, because if they had discussed the matter
-they would have sold a smaller quantity. He knew where nearly every
-share of the stock was. It was his business to know everything about it.
-
-“Two,” he said to his secretary, “may play at that game.” And he began
-to play.
-
-By seemingly reckless, plunging purchases he started the stock rushing
-upward with a vengeance-–63, 64, 65, 66, four points in as many minutes.
-The floor of the Stock Exchange was the scene of the wildest excitement.
-The market—why, the market was simply Turpentine. Everybody was buying
-it, and everybody was wondering how high it would go, Greenbaum and the
-other seven included. It looked as if the stock had resumed its
-triumphant march to par.
-
-Then Sharpe called in all the stock his brokers were loaning to the
-shorts, and he himself began to borrow it. This, together with the
-legitimate requirements of the big short interest, created a demand so
-greatly in excess of the supply that Turpentine loaned at a
-sixty-fourth, at a thirty-second, at an eighth, and finally at a quarter
-premium over night. It meant that the shorts had either to cover or to
-pay $25 per diem for the use of each 100 shares of stock they borrowed.
-On the 31,400 shares that the syndicate was borrowing it meant an
-expense of nearly $8,000 a day; and in addition the stock was rising in
-price. The shorts were losing at the rate of many thousands a minute.
-There was no telling where the end would be, but it certainly looked
-stormy for both the real and the fictitious shorts.
-
-Mr. Sharpe sent a peremptory message to Greenbaum, Lazarus & Co.; I. &
-M. Wechsler; Morris Steinfelder’s Sons; Reis & Stern; Kohn, Fischel &
-Co.; Silberman & Lindheim; Rosenthal, Shaffran & Co.; and Zeman Bros. It
-was the same message to all:
-
-“_Send me at once all your Turpentine stock!_”
-
-There was consternation and dismay, also admiration and
-self-congratulation, among the recipients of the message. They would
-have to buy back in the open market the stock they had sold a few days
-before. It would mean losses on the treasonable transactions of fully a
-quarter of a million, but the pool “stood to win” simply fabulous sums,
-if Mr. Sharpe did his duty.
-
-There were some large blocks of stock for sale at 66, but Sharpe’s
-brokers cleared the figures with a fierce, irresistible rush, whooping
-exultantly. The genuine short interest was simply panic-stricken, and
-atop it all there came orders to buy an aggregate of 31,400
-shares—orders from Messrs. Greenbaum, Wechsler, Lindheim, Steinfelder,
-Reis, Fischel, Shaffran, and Zeman. The stock rose grandly on their
-buying: 4,000 shares at 66; 2,200 at 66⅜; 700 at 67⅝; 1,200 at 68; 3,200
-at 69½; 2,000 at 70; 5,700 at 70½; 1,200 at 72. Total, 31,400 shares
-bought in by the “Skindicate.” Total, 31,400 shares sold by Samuel
-Wimbleton Sharpe to his own associates in the great Turpentine pool. In
-all he found buyers for 41,700 shares that day, but it had taken
-purchases of exactly 21,100 to “stampede the shorts” earlier in the day,
-and in addition he held 17,800 shares acquired in the course of his bull
-manipulation, which had not been disposed of when he discovered the
-breach of faith, so that at the day’s close he found himself not only
-without a share of stock manipulatively purchased, but “short” for his
-personal account of 2,800 shares.
-
-The newspapers published picturesque accounts of the “Great Day in
-Turpentine.” A powerful clique, they said, owned so much of the
-stock—had “cornered” it—that they could easily mark up the price to any
-figure. They called it a “memorable squeeze.” It was hinted also that
-Mr. Sharpe had been on the wrong side of the market, and one paper gave
-a wealth of details and statistics in bold, bad type to prove that the
-wily bear leader had been caught short of 75,000 shares, and had covered
-at a loss of $1,500,000. A newspaper man whose relations with Sharpe
-were intimate asked him, very carelessly: “What the deuce caused the
-rise in Turpentine?” and Sharpe drawled: “I don’t know for a certainty,
-but I rather imagine it was inside buying!”
-
-On the next day came the second chapter of the big Turpentine deal. Mr.
-Sharpe, having received the pool’s 114,400 shares, divided it into three
-lots, 40,000 shares, 50,000 shares, and 24,400 shares. The market had
-held fairly strong, but the lynx-eyed room traders failed to perceive
-the usual “support” in “Turp” and began to sell it in order to make
-sure. There was enough commission-house buying and belated
-short-covering to keep it moderately steady. Then the room traders
-redoubled their efforts to depress it, by selling more than there were
-buying orders for; also by selling it cheaper than was warranted by the
-legitimate demand for the stock. It was a favorite trick to offer to
-sell thousands of shares lower than people were willing to pay, in order
-to frighten the timid holders and make them sell; which in turn would
-make still others sell, until the movement became general enough to
-cause a substantial fall.
-
-Slowly the price began to yield. All that was needed was a leader.
-Whereupon Mr. Sharpe took the first lot of pool stock, 40,000 shares,
-and hurled it full at the market. The impact was terrible; the execution
-appalling. The market reeled crazily. The stock, which after selling up
-to 72¾ had “closed” on the previous day at 71⅞, dropped twenty points
-and closed at 54. The newspapers said that the corner was “busted”; that
-the “squeeze” was over. Hundreds of people slept ill that night. Scores
-did not sleep at all.
-
-On the next day he fired by volleys 50,000 shares more at the market.
-The stock sank to 41¼. Such a break was almost unprecedented.
-
-The Street asked itself if it were not on the eve of a crash that would
-become historic in a district whose chronology is reckoned by big market
-movements.
-
-Greenbaum rushed to Sharpe’s office. The terrible break gave him courage
-to do anything. A Wall Street worm will turn when the market misbehaves
-itself.
-
-“What’s the matter?” he asked angrily. “What are you doing to
-Turpentine?”
-
-Sharpe looked him full in the face, but his voice was even and
-emotionless as he replied: “Somebody has been selling on us. I don’t
-know who. I wish I did. I was afraid I might have to take 100,000 shares
-more, so I just sold as much as I could. I’ve marketed most of the
-pool’s stock. If it had not been for the jag of stock I struck around 60
-and 62, Turpentine would be selling at 85 or 90 to-day. Come again next
-week, Greenbaum; and keep cool. Did you ever know me to fail? Good-by,
-Greenbaum; and don’t raise your voice when you speak to me.”
-
-“This has gone too far,” said Greenbaum, hotly. “You must give me an
-explanation or by Heaven I’ll——”
-
-“Greenbaum,” said Mr. Sharpe, in a listless voice, “don’t get excited.
-Good-by, Greenbaum. Be virtuous and you will be happy.” And he resumed
-his caged-tiger pacing up and down his office. As by magic, Mr. Sharpe’s
-burly private secretary appeared, and said: “This way, Mr. Greenbaum,”
-and led the dazed Trust-maker from the office. On his return Sharpe told
-him: “There is no need to accuse those fellows of breach of faith.
-They’d deny it.”
-
-The next day Mr. Sharpe simply poured the remaining 25,000 shares of the
-pool’s stock on the market as one pours water from a pitcher into a cup.
-The bears had it all their own way. The loquacious tape said, ever so
-plainly: “This is nothing but inside liquidation, all the more dangerous
-and ominous since it is at such low figures and is so urgent in its
-character. Heaven alone can tell where it will end; and there is no
-telephone communication thither.”
-
-Everybody was selling because somebody had started a rumor that the
-courts had dissolved the company for gross violation of the Anti-Trust
-law, and that a receiver had been appointed. Having sold out the last of
-the pool’s stock, Mr. Sharpe “took in” at $22 a share the 2,800 shares
-which he had put out at $72, a total profit on his small “line” of
-$140,000.
-
-Turpentine stock had declined fifty points in fifteen business hours. It
-meant a shrinkage in the market value of the company’s capital stock of
-$15,000,000. The shrinkage in the self-esteem of some of the pool was
-measurable only in billions.
-
-Sharpe notified his associates that the pool had completely
-realized—_i.e._, had sold out—and that he would be pleased to meet them
-at his office on Monday—this was Thursday—at eleven A.M., when he would
-have checks and an accounting ready for them. He refused himself to
-Greenbaum, Wechsler, Zeman, Shaffran, and others who called to see what
-could be done to save their reputations from the wreck of Turpentine.
-The stalwart private secretary told them that Mr. Sharpe was out of
-town. He was a very polite man, was the secretary; and an amateur boxer
-of great proficiency.
-
-Failing to find Sharpe, they hastily organized a new pool, of a
-self-protective character, and sent in “supporting” orders. They were
-obliged to take large quantities of stock that day and the next in order
-to prevent a worse smash, which would hurt them in other directions.
-They found themselves with more than 50,000 shares on their hands, and
-the price was only 26 @ 28. And merely to try to sell the stock at that
-time threatened to start a fresh Turpentine panic.
-
-They met Sharpe on Monday. His speech was not so short as usual. He had
-previously sent to each man an envelope containing a check and a
-statement, and now he said, in a matter-of-fact tone:
-
-“Gentlemen and Greenbaum, you all know what I did for Turpentine on the
-up-tack. Around 62 I began to strike some stock which I couldn’t account
-for. I knew none of you had any for sale, of course, as you had pledged
-me your honorable words not to sell, save through me. But the stock kept
-coming out, even though the sellers borrowed against it, as if it were
-short stock, and I began to fear I had met an inexhaustible supply. It
-is always best on such occasions to act promptly, and so, after driving
-in the real shorts, I sold out our stock. The average selling price was
-40. If it had not been for that mysterious selling it would have been
-80. After commissions and other legitimate pool expenses, I find we have
-made nine points net, or $1,029,600, of which 25 per cent., or $250,000,
-come to me according to the agreement. It is too bad some people didn’t
-know enough to hold their stock for 90. But I find Wall Street is full
-of uncertainties—there is so much stupidity in the district. I trust you
-are satisfied. In view of the circumstances, I am. Yes, indeed.
-Good-day, gentlemen; and you too, Greenbaum, good-day.”
-
-There was nothing tigerish about him. He was affable and polished; they
-could see that he seemed pleased to the purring point. He nodded to them
-and went into his inner office.
-
-They blustered and fumed among themselves and gained courage thereby and
-tried Sharpe’s door and found it locked. They knocked thereon,
-vehemently, and the ubiquitous private secretary came out and told them
-that Mr. Sharpe had an important engagement and could not be disturbed,
-but that he was authorized to discuss any item of the statement, and he
-had charge of all the vouchers, in the shape of brokers’ reports, etc.
-So they expressed their opinions of the private secretary and of his
-master rather mildly, and went out, crestfallen. Outside they compared
-notes, and in a burst of honesty they confessed. Then, illogically
-enough, they cursed Sharpe. The pool was not “ahead of the game.” They
-had so much more stock on their hands than they desired, that in reality
-they were heavy losers!
-
-And as time wore on they had to buy more “Turp”; and more “Turp”; and
-still more “Turp.” They thought they could emulate Sharpe and rush the
-price up irresistibly, at any rate up to 50. They declared a dividend of
-2 per cent on the stock. But they could not market Turpentine. Again and
-again they tried, and again and again they failed. And each time the
-failure was worse because they had to take more stock.
-
-It is now quoted at 16 @ 18. But it is not readily vendible at that
-figure; nor, indeed, at any price. Opposition distilleries are starting
-up in all the turpentine districts, and the trade outlook is gloomy. And
-the principal owners of the stock of the American Turpentine Company,
-holding among them not less than 140,000 out of the entire issue of
-300,000 unvendible shares, are the famous “Greenbaum Skindicate.”
-
-
-
-
- THE TIPSTER
-
-
-Gilmartin was still laughing professionally at the prospective buyer’s
-funny story when the telephone on his desk buzzed. He said: “Excuse me
-for a minute, old man,” to the customer—Hopkins, the Connecticut
-manufacturer.
-
-“Hello; who is this?” he spoke into the transmitter. “Oh, how are
-you?—Yes—I was out—Is that so?—Too bad—Too bad—Yes; just my luck to be
-out. I might have known it!—Do you think so?—Well, then, sell the 200
-Occidental common—You know best—What about Trolley?—Hold on?—All right;
-just as you say—I hope so—I don’t like to lose, and—Ha! Ha!—I guess
-so—Good-by.”
-
-“It’s from my brokers,” explained Gilmartin, hanging up the receiver.
-“I’d have saved five hundred dollars if I had been here at half-past
-ten. They called me up to advise me to sell out, and the price is off
-over three points. I could have got out at a profit, this morning; but,
-no sir; not I. I had to be away, trying to buy some camphor.”
-
-Hopkins was impressed. Gilmartin perceived it and went on, with an air
-of comical wrath which he thought was preferable to indifference: “It
-isn’t the money I mind so much as the tough luck of it. I didn’t make my
-trade in camphor after all and I lost in stocks, when if I’d only waited
-five minutes more in the office I’d have got the message from my brokers
-and saved my five hundred. Expensive, my time is, eh?” with a woful
-shake of the head.
-
-“But you’re ahead of the game, aren’t you?” asked the customer,
-interestedly.
-
-“Well, I guess yes. Just about twelve thousand.”
-
-That was more than Gilmartin had made; but having exaggerated, he
-immediately felt very kindly disposed toward the Connecticut man.
-
-“Whew!” whistled Hopkins, admiringly. Gilmartin experienced a great
-tenderness toward him. The lie was made stingless by the customer’s
-credulity. This brought a smile of subtle relief to Gilmartin’s lips. He
-was a pleasant-faced, pleasant-voiced man of three-and-thirty. He
-exhaled health, contentment, neatness, and an easy conscience. Honesty
-and good-nature shone in his eyes. People liked to shake hands with him.
-It made his friends talk of his lucky star; and they envied him.
-
-“I bought this yesterday for my wife; took it out of a little deal in
-Trolley,” he told Hopkins, taking a small jewel-box from one of the
-desk’s drawers. It contained a diamond ring, somewhat showy but
-obviously quite expensive. Hopkins’ semi-envious admiration made
-Gilmartin add, genially: “What do you say to lunch? I feel I am entitled
-to a glass of ‘fizz’ to forget my bad luck of this morning.” Then, in an
-exaggeratedly apologetic tone: “Nobody likes to lose five hundred
-dollars on an empty stomach!”
-
-“She’ll be delighted, of course,” said Hopkins, thinking of Mrs.
-Gilmartin. Mrs. Hopkins loved jewelry.
-
-“She’s the nicest little woman that ever lived. Whatever is mine, is
-hers; and what’s hers is her own. Ha! Ha! But,” becoming nicely serious,
-“all that I’ll make out of the stock market I’m going to put away for
-her, in her name. She can take better care of it than I; and, besides,
-she’s entitled to it, anyhow, for being so nice to me.”
-
-That is how he told what a good husband he was. He felt so pleased over
-it, that he went on, sincerely regretful: “She’s visiting friends in
-Pennsylvania or I’d ask you to dine with us.” And they went to a
-fashionable restaurant together.
-
-Day after day Gilmartin thought persistently that Maiden Lane was too
-far from Wall Street. There came a week in which he could have made four
-very handsome “turns” had he but been in the brokers’ office. He was out
-on business for his firm and when he returned the opportunity had gone,
-leaving behind it vivid visions of what might have been; also the
-conviction that time, tide and the ticker wait for no man. Instead of
-buying and selling quinine and balsams and essential oils for Maxwell &
-Kip, drug brokers and importers, he decided to make the buying and
-selling of stocks and bonds his exclusive business. The hours were easy;
-the profits would be great. He would make enough to live on. He would
-not let the Street take away what it had given. That was the great
-secret: to know when to quit! He would be content with a moderate
-amount, wisely invested in gilt-edged bonds. And then he would bid the
-Street good-by forever.
-
-Force of long business custom and the indefinable fear of new ventures
-for a time fought successfully his increasing ticker-fever. But one day
-his brokers wished to speak to him, to urge him to sell out his entire
-holdings, having been advised of an epoch-making resolution by Congress.
-They had received the news in advance from a Washington customer. Other
-brokers had important connections in the Capital and therefore there was
-no time to lose. They dared not assume the responsibility of selling him
-out without his permission. Five minutes—five eternities!—passed before
-they could talk by telephone with him; and when he gave his order to
-sell, the market had broken five or six points. The news was “out.” The
-news-agencies’ slips were in the brokers’ offices and half of Wall
-Street knew. Instead of being among the first ten sellers Gilmartin was
-among the second hundred.
-
-
- II.
-
-The clerks gave him a farewell dinner. All were there, even the head
-office-boy to whom the two-dollar subscription was no light matter. The
-man who probably would succeed Gilmartin as manager, Jenkins, acted as
-toastmaster. He made a witty speech which ended with a neatly turned
-compliment. Moreover, he seemed sincerely sorry to bid good-by to the
-man whose departure meant promotion—which was the nicest compliment of
-all. And the other clerks—old Williamson, long since ambition-proof; and
-young Hardy, bitten ceaselessly by it; and middle-aged Jameson, who knew
-he could run the business much better than Gilmartin; and Baldwin, who
-never thought of business in or out of the office—all told him how good
-he had been and related corroborative anecdotes that made him blush and
-the others cheer; and how sorry they were he would no longer be with
-them, but how glad he was going to do so much better by himself; and
-they hoped he would not “cut” them when he met them after he had become
-a great millionaire. And Gilmartin felt his heart grow soft and feelings
-not all of happiness came over him. Danny, the dean of the office boys,
-whose surname was known only to the cashier, rose and said, in the tones
-of one speaking of a dear departed friend: “He was the best man in the
-place. He always was all right.” Everybody laughed; whereupon Danny went
-on, with a defiant glare at the others: “I’d work for him for nothin’ if
-he’d want me, instead of gettin’ ten a week from anyone else.” And when
-they laughed the harder at this he said, stoutly: “Yes, I would!” His
-eyes filled with tears at their incredulity, which he feared might be
-shared by Mr. Gilmartin. But the toastmaster rose very gravely and said:
-“What’s the matter with Danny?” And all shouted in unison: “He’s all
-right!” with a cordiality so heartfelt that Danny smiled and sat down,
-blushing happily. And crusty Jameson, who knew he could run the business
-so much better than Gilmartin, stood up—he was the last speaker—and
-began: “In the ten years I’ve worked with Gilmartin, we’ve had our
-differences and—well—I—well—er—oh, DAMN IT!” and walked quickly to the
-head of the table and shook hands violently with Gilmartin for fully a
-minute, while all the others looked on in silence.
-
-Gilmartin had been eager to go to Wall Street. But this leave-taking
-made him sad. The old Gilmartin who had worked with these men was no
-more and the new Gilmartin felt sorry. He had never stopped to think how
-much they cared for him nor indeed how very much he cared for them. He
-told them, very simply, he did not expect ever again to spend such
-pleasant years anywhere as at the old office; and as for his spells of
-ill-temper—oh, yes, they needn’t shake their heads; he knew he often was
-irritable—he had meant well and trusted they would forgive him. If he
-had his life to live over again he would try really to deserve all that
-they had said of him on this evening. And he was very, very sorry to
-leave them. “Very sorry, boys; very sorry. _Very_ sorry!” he finished
-lamely, with a wistful smile. He shook hands with each man—a strong grip
-as though he were about to go on a journey from which he might never
-return—and in his heart of hearts there was a new doubt of the wisdom of
-going to Wall Street. But it was too late to draw back.
-
-They escorted him to his house. They wished to be with him to the last
-possible minute.
-
-
- III.
-
-Everybody in the drug trade seemed to think that Gilmartin was on the
-high road to Fortune. Those old business acquaintances and former
-competitors whom he happened to meet in the streetcars or in theatre
-lobbies always spoke to him as to a millionaire-to-be, in what they
-imagined was correct Wall Street jargon, to show him that they too knew
-something of the great game. But their efforts made him smile with a
-sense of superiority, at the same time that their admiration for his
-cleverness and their good-natured envy for his luck made his soul thrill
-joyously. Among his new friends in Wall Street also he found much to
-enjoy. The other customers—some of them very wealthy men—listened to his
-views regarding the market as attentively as he, later, felt it his
-polite duty to listen to theirs. The brokers themselves treated him as a
-“good fellow.” They cajoled him into trading often—every one-hundred
-shares he bought or sold meant $12.50 to them—and when he won, they
-praised his unerring discernment. When he lost they soothed him by
-scolding him for his recklessness—just as a mother will treat her
-three-years-old’s fall as a great joke in order to deceive the child
-into laughing at its misfortune. It was an average office with an
-average clientele.
-
-From ten to three they stood before the quotation board and watched a
-quick-witted boy chalk the price-changes, which one or another of the
-customers read aloud from the tape as it came from the ticker. The
-higher stocks went the more numerous the customers became, being allured
-in great flocks to the Street by the tales of their friends, who had
-profited greatly by the rise. All were winning, for all were buying
-stocks in a bull market. They resembled each other marvellously, these
-men who differed so greatly in cast of features and complexion and age.
-Life to all of them was full of joy. The very ticker sounded mirthful;
-its clicking told of golden jokes. And Gilmartin and the other customers
-laughed heartily at the mildest of stories without even waiting for the
-point of the joke. At times their fingers clutched the air happily, as
-if they actually felt the good money the ticker was presenting to them.
-They were all neophytes at the great game—lambkins who were bleating
-blithely to inform the world what clever and formidable wolves they
-were. Some of them had sustained occasional losses; but these were
-trifling compared with their winnings.
-
-When the slump came all were heavily committed to the bull side. It was
-a bad slump. It was so unexpected—by the lambs—that all of them said,
-very gravely, it came like a thunderclap out of a clear sky. While it
-lasted, that is, while the shearing of the flock was proceeding, it was
-very uncomfortable. Those same joyous, winning stock-gamblers, with
-beaming faces, of the week before, were fear-clutched, losing
-stock-gamblers, with livid faces, on what they afterward called the day
-of the panic. It really was only a slump; rather sharper than usual. Too
-many lambs had been over-speculating. The wholesale dealers in
-securities—and insecurities—held very little of their own wares, having
-sold them to the lambs, and wanted them back now—cheaper. The customers’
-eyes, as on happier days were intent on the quotation-board. Their
-dreams were rudely shattered; the fast horses some had all but bought
-joined the steam-yachts others almost had chartered. The beautiful homes
-they had been building were torn down in the twinkling of an eye. And
-the demolisher of dreams and dwellings was the ticker, that instead of
-golden jokes, was now clicking financial death.
-
-They could not take their eyes from the board before them. Their own
-ruin, told in mournful numbers by the little machine, fascinated them.
-To be sure, poor Gilmartin said: “I’ve changed my mind about Newport. I
-guess I’ll spend the summer on my own _Hotel de Roof_!” And he grinned;
-but he grinned alone. Wilson, the dry goods man, who laughed so joyously
-at everybody’s jokes, was now watching, as if under a hypnotic spell,
-the lips of the man who sat on the high stool beside the ticker and
-called out the prices to the quotation boy. Now and again Wilson’s own
-lips made curious grimaces, as if speaking to himself. Brown, the
-slender, pale-faced man, was outside in the hall, pacing to and fro. All
-was lost, including honor. And he was afraid to look at the ticker,
-afraid to hear the prices shouted, yet hoping—for a miracle! Gilmartin
-came out from the office, saw Brown and said, with sickly bravado: “I
-held out as long as I could. But they got _my_ ducats. A sporting life
-comes high, I tell you!” But Brown did not heed him and Gilmartin pushed
-the elevator-button impatiently and cursed at the delay. He not only had
-lost the “paper” profits he had accumulated during the bull-market but
-all his savings of years had crumbled away beneath the strokes of the
-ticker that day. It was the same with all. They would not take a small
-loss at first but had held on, in the hope of a recovery that would “let
-them out even.” And prices had sunk and sunk until the loss was so great
-that it seemed only proper to hold on, if need be a year, for sooner or
-later prices must come back. But the break “shook them out,” and prices
-went just so much lower because so many people had to sell, whether they
-would or not.
-
-
- IV.
-
-After the slump most of the customers returned to their legitimate
-business—sadder, but it is to be feared, not much wiser men. Gilmartin,
-after the first numbing shock, tried to learn of fresh opportunities in
-the drug business. But his heart was not in his search. There was the
-shame of confessing defeat in Wall Street so soon after leaving Maiden
-Lane; but far stronger than this was the effect of the poison of
-gambling. If it was bad enough to be obliged to begin lower than he had
-been at Maxwell & Kip’s, it was worse to condemn himself to long weary
-years of work in the drug business when his reward, if he remained
-strong and healthy, would consist merely in being able to save a few
-thousands. But a few lucky weeks in the stock market would win him back
-all he had lost—and more!
-
-He should have begun in a small way while he was learning to speculate.
-He saw it now very clearly. Every one of his mistakes had been due to
-inexperience. He had imagined he knew the market. But it was only now
-that he really knew it and therefore it was only now, after the slump
-had taught him so much, that he could reasonably hope to succeed. His
-mind, brooding over his losses, definitely dismissed as futile the
-resumption of the purchase and sale of drugs, and dwelt persistently on
-the sudden acquisition of stock market wisdom. Properly applied, this
-wisdom ought to mean much to him. In a few weeks he was again spending
-his days before the quotation board, gossiping with those customers who
-had survived, giving and receiving advice. And as time passed the grip
-of Wall Street on his soul grew stronger until it strangled all other
-aspirations. He could talk, think, dream of nothing but stocks. He could
-not read the newspapers without thinking how the market would “take” the
-news contained therein. If a huge refinery burnt down, with a loss to
-the “Trust” of $4,000,000, he sighed because he had not foreseen the
-catastrophe and had sold Sugar short. If a strike by the men of the
-Suburban Trolley Company led to violence and destruction of life and
-property, he cursed an unrelenting Fate because he had not had the
-prescience to “put out” a thousand shares of Trolley. And he constantly
-calculated to the last fraction of a point how much money he would have
-made if he had sold short just before the calamity at the very top
-prices and had covered his stock at the bottom. Had he only known! The
-atmosphere of the Street, the odor of speculation surrounded him on all
-sides, enveloped him like a fog, from which the things of the outside
-world appeared as though seen through a veil. He lived in the district
-where men do not say “Good-morning” on meeting one another, but “How’s
-the market?” or, when one asks: “How do you feel?” receives for an
-answer: “Bullish!” or “Bearish!” instead of a reply regarding the state
-of health.
-
-At first, after the fatal slump, Gilmartin importuned his brokers to let
-him speculate on credit, in a small way. They did. They were kindly
-enough men and sincerely wished to help him. But luck ran against him.
-With the obstinacy of unsuperstitious gamblers he insisted on fighting
-Fate. He was a bull in a bear market; and the more he lost the more he
-thought the inevitable “rally” in prices was due. He bought in
-expectation of it and lost again and again, until he owed the brokers a
-greater sum than he could possibly pay; and they refused point blank to
-give him credit for another cent, disregarding his vehement entreaties
-to buy a last hundred, just one more chance, the last, because he would
-be sure to win. And, of course, the long-expected happened and the
-market went up with a rapidity that made the Street blink; and Gilmartin
-figured that had not the brokers refused his last order, he would have
-made enough to pay off the indebtedness and have left, in addition,
-$2,950; for he would have “pyramided” on the way up. He showed the
-brokers his figures, accusingly, and they had some words about it and he
-left the office, almost tempted to sue the firm for conspiracy with
-intent to defraud; but decided that it was “another of Luck’s
-sockdolagers” and let it go at that, gambler-like.
-
-When he returned to the brokers’ office—the next day—he began to
-speculate in the only way he could—vicariously. Smith, for instance, who
-was long of 500 St. Paul at 125, took less interest in the deal than did
-Gilmartin who thenceforth assiduously studied the news-slips and sought
-information on St. Paul all over the Street, listening thrillingly to
-tips and rumors regarding the stock, suffering keenly when the price
-declined, laughing and chirruping blithely if the quotations moved
-upward, exactly as though it were his own stock. In a measure it was as
-an anodyne to his ticker-fever. Indeed, in some cases his interest was
-so poignant and his advice so frequent—he would speak of _our_ deal—that
-the lucky winner gave him a small share of his spoils, which Gilmartin
-accepted without hesitation—he was beyond pride-wounding by now—and
-promptly used to back some miniature deal of his own on the Consolidated
-Exchange or even in “Percy’s”—a dingy little bucket-shop, where they
-took orders for two shares of stock on a margin of one per cent.; that
-is, where a man could bet as little as two dollars.
-
-Later, it often came to pass that Gilmartin would borrow a few dollars,
-when the customers were not trading actively. The amounts he borrowed
-diminished by reason of the increasing frequency of their refusals.
-Finally, he was asked to stay away from the office where once he had
-been an honored and pampered customer.
-
-He became a Wall Street “has been” and could be seen daily on New
-Street, back of the Consolidated Exchange, where the “put” and “call”
-brokers congregate. The tickers in the saloons nearby fed his gambler’s
-appetite. From time to time luckier men took him into the same
-be-tickered saloons, where he ate at the free lunch counters and drank
-beer and talked stocks and listened to the lucky winners’ narratives
-with lips tremulous with readiness to smile and grimace. At times the
-gambler in him would assert itself and he would tell the lucky winners,
-wrathfully, how the stock he wished to buy but couldn’t the week before,
-had risen 18 points. But they, saturated with their own ticker-fever,
-would nod absently, their soul’s eyes fixed on some quotation-to-be; or
-they would not nod at all but in their eagerness to look at the tape
-from which they had been absent two long minutes, would leave him
-without a single word of consolation or even of farewell.
-
-
- V.
-
-One day, in New Street, he overheard a very well known broker tell
-another that Mr. Sharpe was “going to move up Pennsylvania Central right
-away.” The over-hearing of the conversation was a bit of rare good luck
-that raised Gilmartin from his sodden apathy and made him hasten to his
-brother-in-law who kept a grocery store in Brooklyn. He implored Griggs
-to go to a broker and buy as much Pennsylvania Central as he could—that
-is, if he wished to live in luxury the rest of his life. Sam Sharpe was
-going to put it up. Also, he borrowed ten dollars.
-
-Griggs was tempted. He debated with himself many hours, and at length
-yielded with misgivings. He took his savings and bought one hundred
-shares of Pennsylvania Central at 64 and began to neglect his business
-in order to study the financial pages of the newspapers. Little by
-little Gilmartin’s whisper set in motion within him the wheels of a
-ticker that printed on his day-dreams the mark of the dollar. His wife,
-seeing him preoccupied, thought business was bad; but Griggs denied it,
-confirming her worst fears. Finally, he had a telephone put in his
-little shop, to be able to talk to his brokers.
-
-Gilmartin, with the ten dollars he had borrowed, promptly bought ten
-shares in a bucket shop at 63⅞; the stock promptly went to 62⅞; he was
-promptly “wiped”; and the stock promptly went back to 64½.
-
-On the next day a fellow-customer of the Gilmartin of old days invited
-him to have a drink. Gilmartin resented the man’s evident prosperity. He
-felt indignant at the ability of the other to buy hundreds of shares.
-But the liquor soothed him, and in a burst of mild remorse he told
-Smithers, after an apprehensive look about him as if he feared someone
-might overhear: “I’ll tell you something, on the dead q. t., for your
-own benefit.”
-
-“Fire away!”
-
-“Pa. Cent. is going ‘way up.”
-
-“Yes?” said Smithers, calmly.
-
-“Yes; it will cross par sure.”
-
-“Umph!” between munches of a pretzel.
-
-“Yes. Sam Sharpe told”—Gilmartin was on the point of saying a “friend of
-mine” but caught himself and went on, impressively—“told me, yesterday,
-to buy Pa. Cent. as he had accumulated his full line, and was ready to
-whoop it up. And you know what Sharpe is,” he finished, as if he thought
-Smithers was familiar with Sharpe’s powers.
-
-“Is that so?” nibbled Smithers.
-
-“Why, when Sharpe makes up his mind to put up a stock, as he intends to
-do with Pa. Cent., nothing on earth can stop him. He told me he would
-make it cross par within sixty days. This is no hearsay, no tip. It’s
-cold facts. I don’t _hear_ it’s going up; I don’t _think_ it’s going up;
-I _know_ it’s going up. Understand?” And he shook his right forefinger
-with a hammering motion.
-
-In less than five minutes Smithers was so wrought up that he bought 500
-shares and promised solemnly not to “take his profits,” _i.e._ sell out,
-until Gilmartin said the word. Then they had another drink and another
-look at the ticker.
-
-“You want to keep in touch with me,” was Gilmartin’s parting shot. “I’ll
-tell you what Sharpe tells me. But you must keep it quiet,” with a
-side-wise nod that pledged Smithers to honorable secrecy.
-
-Had Gilmartin met Sharpe face to face, he would not have known who was
-before him.
-
-Shortly after he left Smithers he buttonholed another acquaintance, a
-young man who thought he knew Wall Street, and therefore had a
-hobby—manipulation. No one could induce him to buy stocks by telling him
-how well the companies were doing, how bright the prospects, etc. That
-was bait for “suckers” not for clever young stock operators. But anyone,
-even a stranger, who said that “they”—the perennially mysterious “they,”
-the “big men,” the mighty “manipulators” whose life was one prolonged
-conspiracy to pull the wool over the public’s eyes—“they” were going to
-“jack up” these or the other shares, was welcomed, and his advice acted
-upon. Young Freeman believed in nothing but “their” wickedness and
-“their” power to advance or depress stock values at will. Thinking of
-his wisdom had given him a chronic sneer.
-
-“You’re just the man I was looking for,” said Gilmartin, who hadn’t
-thought of the young man at all.
-
-“What Sam?”
-
-“Sharpe. The old boy sent for me. He was in mighty good-humor too.
-Tickled to death. He might well be—he’s got 60,000 shares of
-Pennsylvania Central. And there’s going to be from 50 to 60 points
-profit in it.”
-
-“H’m!” sniffed Freeman, skeptically, yet impressed by the change in
-Gilmartin’s attitude from the money-borrowing humility of the previous
-week to the confident tone of a man with a straight tip. Sharpe was
-notoriously kind to his old friends—rich or poor.
-
-“I was there when the papers were signed,” Gilmartin said, hotly. “I was
-going to leave the room, but Sam told me I needn’t. I can’t tell you
-what it is about; really I can’t. But he’s simply going to put the stock
-above par. It’s 64½ now, and you know and I know that by the time it is
-75 the newspapers will all be talking about inside buying; and at 85
-everybody will want to buy it on account of important developments; and
-at 95 there will be millions of bull tips on it and rumors of increased
-dividends, and people who would not look at it thirty points lower will
-rush in and buy it by the bushel. Let me know who is manipulating a
-stock, and to h—l with dividends and earnings. Them’s _my_ sentiments,”
-with a final hammering nod, as if driving in a profound truth.
-
-“Same here,” assented Freeman, cordially. He was attacked on his
-vulnerable side.
-
-Strange things happen in Wall Street. Sometimes tips come true. It so
-proved in this case. Sharpe started the stock upward brilliantly—the
-movement became historic in the Street—and Pa. Cent. soared dizzily and
-all the newspapers talked of it and the public went mad over it and it
-touched 80 and 85 and 88 and higher, and then Gilmartin made his
-brother-in-law sell out and Smithers and Freeman. Their profits were:
-Griggs, $3,000; Smithers, $15,100; Freeman, $2,750. Gilmartin made them
-give him a good percentage. He had no trouble with his brother-in-law.
-Gilmartin told him it was an inviolable Wall Street custom and so Griggs
-paid, with an air of much experience in such matters. Freeman was more
-or less grateful. But Smithers met Gilmartin and full of his good luck
-repeated what he had told a dozen men within the hour: “I did a dandy
-stroke the other day. Pa. Cent. looked to me like higher prices and I
-bought a wad of it. I’ve cleaned up a tidy sum,” and he looked proud of
-his own penetration. He really had forgotten that it was Gilmartin who
-had given him the tip. But not so Gilmartin who retorted, witheringly:
-
-“Well, I’ve often heard of folks that you put into good things and they
-make money and afterward they come to you and tell how damned smart they
-were to hit it right. But you can’t work that on me. I’ve got
-witnesses.”
-
-“Witnesses?” echoed Smithers, looking cheap. He remembered.
-
-“Yes, wit-ness-es,” mimicked Gilmartin, scornfully. “I all but had to
-get on my knees to make you buy it. And I told you when to sell it, too.
-The information came to me straight from headquarters and you got the
-use of it and now the least you can do is to give me twenty-five hundred
-dollars.”
-
-In the end he accepted $800. He told mutual friends that Smithers had
-cheated him.
-
-
- VI.
-
-It seemed as though the regeneration of Gilmartin had been achieved when
-he changed his shabby raiment for expensive clothes. He paid his
-tradesmen’s bills and moved into better quarters. He spent his money as
-though he had made millions. One week after he had closed out the deal
-his friends would have sworn Gilmartin had always been prosperous. That
-was his exterior. His inner self remained the same—a gambler. He began
-to speculate again, in the office of Freeman’s brokers.
-
-At the end of the second month he had lost not only the $1,200 he had
-deposited with the firm, but an additional $250 he had given his wife
-and had been obliged to “borrow” back from her, despite her assurances
-that he would lose it. This time, the slump was really unexpected by
-all, even by the magnates—the mysterious and all powerful “they” of
-Freeman’s—so that the loss of the second fortune did not reflect on
-Gilmartin’s ability as a speculator but on his luck. As a matter of
-fact, he had been too careful and had sinned from over-timidity at
-first, only to plunge later and lose all.
-
-As the result of much thought about his losses Gilmartin became a
-professional tipster. To let others speculate for him seemed the only
-sure way of winning. He began by advising ten victims—he learned in time
-to call them clients—to sell Steel Rod preferred, each man 100 shares;
-and to a second ten he urged the purchase of the same quantity of the
-same stock. To all he advised taking four points’ profit. Not all
-followed his advice, but the seven clients who sold it made between them
-nearly $3,000 over night. His percentage amounted to $287.50. Six bought
-and when they lost he told them confidentially how the treachery of a
-leading member of the pool had obliged the pool managers to withdraw
-their support from the stock temporarily; whence the decline. They
-grumbled; but he assured them that he himself had lost nearly $1,600 of
-his own on account of the traitor.
-
-For some months Gilmartin made a fair living but business became very
-dull. People learned to fight shy of his tips. The persuasiveness was
-gone from his inside news and from his confidential advice from Sharpe
-and from his beholding with his own eyes the signing of epoch-making
-documents. Had he been able to make his customers alternate their
-winnings and losses he might have kept his trade. But for example,
-“Dave” Rossiter, in Stuart & Stern’s office, stupidly received the wrong
-tip six times in succession. It wasn’t Gilmartin’s fault but Rossiter’s
-bad luck.
-
-At length failing to get enough clients in the ticker-district itself
-Gilmartin was forced to advertise in an afternoon paper, six times a
-week, and in the Sunday edition of one of the leading morning dailies.
-They ran like this:
-
-
- WE MAKE MONEY
-
- for our investors by the best system ever devised. Deal with
- genuine experts. Two methods of operating; one speculative, the
- other insures absolute safety.
-
-
- NOW
-
- is the time to invest in a certain stock for ten points sure
- profit. Three points margin will carry it. Remember how correct we
- have been on other stocks. Take advantage of this move.
-
-
- IOWA MIDLAND.
-
- Big movement coming in this stock. It’s very near at hand. Am
- waiting daily for word. Will get it in time. Splendid opportunity
- to make big money. It costs only a 2–cent stamp to write to me.
-
-
- CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.
-
- Private secretary of banker and stock operator of world-wide
- reputation, has valuable information. I don’t wish your money. Use
- your own broker. All I want is a share of what you will surely
- make if you follow my advice.
-
-
- WILL ADVANCE $40 PER SHARE.
-
- A fortune to be made in a railroad stock. Deal pending which will
- advance same $40 per share within three months. Am in position to
- keep informed as to developments and the operations of a pool.
- Parties who will carry for me 100 shares with a New York Stock
- Exchange house will receive the full benefit of information.
- Investment safe and sure. Highest references given.
-
-He prospered amazingly. Answers came to him from furniture dealers on
-Fourth Avenue and dairymen up the State and fruit growers in Delaware
-and factory workers in Massachusetts and electricians in New Jersey and
-coal miners in Pennsylvania and shop keepers and physicians and plumbers
-and undertakers in towns and cities near and far. Every morning
-Gilmartin telegraphed to scores of people—at their expense—to sell, and
-to scores of others to buy the same stocks. And he claimed his
-commissions from the winners.
-
-Little by little his savings grew; and with them grew his desire to
-speculate on his own account. It made him irritable, not to gamble.
-
-He met Freeman one day in one of his dissatisfied moods. Out of
-politeness he asked the young cynic the universal query of the Street:
-
-“What do you think of ‘em?” He meant stocks.
-
-“What difference does it make what _I_ think?” sneered Freeman, with
-proud humility. “I’m nobody.” But he looked as if he did not agree with
-himself.
-
-“What do you _know_?” pursued Gilmartin, mollifyingly.
-
-“I know enough to be long of Gotham Gas. I just bought a thousand shares
-at 180.” He really had bought a hundred only.
-
-“What on?”
-
-“On information. I got it straight from a director of the company. Look
-here, Gilmartin, I’m pledged to secrecy. But, for your own benefit, I’ll
-just tell you to buy all the Gas you possibly can carry. The deal is on.
-I know that certain papers were signed last night, and they are almost
-ready to spring it on the public. They haven’t got all the stock they
-want. When they get it, look out for fireworks.”
-
-Gilmartin did not perceive any resemblance between Freeman’s tips and
-his own. He said, hesitatingly, as though ashamed of his timidity:
-
-“The stock seems pretty high at 180.”
-
-“You won’t think so when it sells at 250. Gilmartin, I don’t _hear_
-this; I don’t _think_ it; I _know_ it!”
-
-“All right; I’m in,” quoth Gilmartin, jovially. He felt a sense of
-emancipation now that he had made up his mind to resume his speculating.
-He took every cent of the nine hundred dollars he had made from telling
-people the same things that Freeman told him now, and bought a hundred
-Gotham Gas at $185 a share. Also he telegraphed to all his clients to
-plunge in the stock.
-
-It fluctuated between 184 and 186 for a fortnight. Freeman daily
-asseverated that “they” were accumulating the stock. But, one fine day,
-the directors met, agreed that business was bad and having sold out most
-of their own holdings, decided to reduce the dividend rate from 8 to 6
-per cent. Gotham Gas broke seventeen points in ten short minutes.
-Gilmartin lost all he had. He found it impossible to pay for his
-advertisements. The telegraph companies refused to accept any more
-“collect” messages. This deprived Gilmartin of his income as a tipster.
-Griggs had kept on speculating and had lost all his money and his wife’s
-in a little deal in Iowa Midland. All that Gilmartin could hope to get
-from him was an occasional invitation to dinner. Mrs. Gilmartin, after
-they were dispossessed for non-payment of rent, left her husband and
-went to live with a sister in Newark who did not like Gilmartin.
-
-His clothes became shabby and his meals irregular. But always in his
-heart, as abiding as an inventor’s faith in himself, there dwelt the
-hope that some day, somehow, he would “strike it rich” in the stock
-market.
-
-One day he borrowed five dollars from a man who had made five thousand
-in Cosmopolitan Traction. The stock, the man said, had only begun to go
-up, and Gilmartin believed it and bought five shares in “Percy’s,” his
-favorite bucket-shop. The stock began to rise slowly but steadily. The
-next afternoon “Percy’s” was raided, the proprietor having disagreed
-with the police as to price.
-
-Gilmartin lingered about New Street, talking with other customers of the
-raided bucket shop, discussing whether or not it was a “put up job” of
-old Percy himself who, it was known, had been losing money to the crowd
-for weeks past. One by one the victims went away and at length Gilmartin
-left the ticker district. He walked slowly down Wall Street, then turned
-up William Street, thinking of his luck. Cosmopolitan Traction had
-certainly looked like higher prices. Indeed, it seemed to him that he
-could almost hear the stock shouting, articulately: “_I’m going up,
-right away, right away!_” If somebody would buy a thousand shares and
-agree to give him the profits on a hundred, on ten, on one!
-
-But he had not even his carfare. Then he remembered that he had not
-eaten since breakfast. It did him no good to remember it now. He would
-have to get his dinner from Griggs in Brooklyn.
-
-“Why,” Gilmartin told himself with a burst of curious self-contempt, “I
-can’t even buy a cup of coffee!”
-
-He raised his head and looked about him to find how insignificant a
-restaurant it was in which he could not buy even a cup of coffee. He had
-reached Maiden Lane. As his glance ran up and down the north side of
-that street, it was arrested by the sign:
-
- MAXWELL & KIP.
-
-At first he felt but vaguely what it meant. It had grown unfamiliar with
-absence. The clerks were coming out. Jameson, looking crustier than
-ever, as though he were forever thinking how much better than Jenkins he
-could run the business; Danny, some inches taller, no longer an office
-boy but spick and span in a blue serge suit and a necktie of the latest
-style, exhaling health and correctness; Williamson, grown very gray and
-showing on his face thirty years of routine; Baldwin, happy as of yore
-at the ending of the day’s work, and smiling at the words of
-Jenkins—Gilmartin’s successor who wore an air of authority, of the habit
-of command which he had not known in the old days.
-
-Of a sudden Gilmartin was in the midst of his old life. He saw all that
-he had been, all that he might still be. And he was overwhelmed. He
-longed to rush to his old associates, to speak to them, to shake hands
-with them, to be the old Gilmartin. He was about to step toward Jenkins;
-but stopped abruptly. His clothes were shabby and he felt ashamed. But,
-he apologized to himself, he could tell them how he had made a hundred
-thousand and had lost it. And he even might borrow a few dollars from
-Jenkins.
-
-Gilmartin turned on his heel with a sudden impulse and walked away from
-Maiden Lane quickly. All that he thought now was that he would not have
-them see him in his plight. He felt the shabbiness of his clothes
-without looking at them. As he walked, a great sense of loneliness came
-over him.
-
-He was back in Wall Street. At the head of the Street was old Trinity;
-to the right the sub-Treasury; to the left the Stock Exchange.
-
-From Maiden Lane to the Lane of the Ticker—such had been his life.
-
-“If I could only buy some Cosmopolitan Traction!” he said. Then he
-walked forlornly northward, to the great Bridge, on his way to Brooklyn
-to eat with Griggs, the ruined grocery-man.
-
-
-
-
- A PHILANTHROPIC WHISPER
-
-
-There have been all manner of big stock operators and “leaders” in Wall
-Street—gentlemanly, well-educated leaders with a gift of epigram and
-foul-spoken leaders who knew as little of grammar as of manners; leaders
-to whom the stock market was only the Monte Carlo of the Tape and
-leaders to whom it was a means to an end; cool, calculating,
-steel-nerved leaders and fidgety, impulsive, excitable leaders; leaders
-who were church pillars and total abstainers and leaders whose only God
-was the ticker and whose most brilliant operations were carried on
-during the course of a drunken debauch. But never before, in the
-breathless history of Wall Street, had there been a leader whose
-following was numbered by the thousands and included not only the
-“shoe-string” speculators but the very richest of the rich! Never before
-a leader whose word took the place of statistical information, whose
-mere “I am buying it” created more purchasers for a stock than all the
-glowing prospectuses and all the accountants’ affidavits and all the
-bankers’ estimates.
-
-At first Wall Street said the public was suffering from an epidemic of
-speculative insanity; that Colonel Treadwell was merely a bold operator
-“backed” by a clique of the greatest fortunes in America; that he was
-not a skilful “manipulator” of values, but by sheer brute force of
-tremendous buying he made those stocks advance with which he was
-identified and that, of course, the public always follows the stocks
-that are made active; and many other explanations. But in the end Wall
-Street came to realize exactly to what it was that the blind devotion of
-the speculative public for the colonel was due. Defying all traditions,
-upsetting all precedents, violating all rules, driving all the
-“veterans” to the verge of hysterics and bankruptcy by his daily
-defiance of accepted views as to the art of operating in stocks, Colonel
-Josiah T. Treadwell founded a new school: He told the truth.
-
-The colonel sat in his office alone with his thoughts. The door was
-open—it was always open—and the clerks and customers of Treadwell & Co.
-as they passed to and fro caught glimpses of the great leader’s broad,
-kindly face and shrewd, little, twinkling eyes that seemed to smile at
-them. They wondered what new “deal” the colonel was planning. And then
-they wished with all their souls and purses they knew the name of the
-stock—merely the name of it—so that they might “get in on the ground
-floor.”
-
-The famous operator sat on a revolving chair by his desk. He had turned
-his back on an accumulation of correspondence and he now rotated from
-right to left and from left to right. The tips of his shoes—he was a
-short man—missed the floor by an inch or two and he swung his feet
-contentedly. A ticker whirred away blithely and from time to time
-Treadwell ceased his rocking and his foot-swinging, and glanced jovially
-at the ticker “tape.” From his window he could see a Mississippi of
-people or a bit of New York summer sky, but his restless eyes were
-roaming and skipping from place to place. And the clerks and the
-customers wondered whether the market was going the way the colonel had
-planned. The ticker was whirring and clicking, impassively, and the
-colonel wore a meditative look. What was the “old man” scheming? The
-bears had better be on their guard! As a matter of fact, Josiah T.
-Treadwell was thinking that his brother Wilson, who had left him a few
-minutes before, was certainly growing bald. He also wondered whether
-people who advertised “restorers” and “invigorators” were veracious or
-merely “Wall Streety” as he put it to himself.
-
-A young man, an utter stranger to Colonel Treadwell, halted at the door,
-and looked at the leader of the stock market, hesitatingly.
-
-“Come in, come in,” called out the colonel, cheerily. “Won’t you walk
-into my parlor?”
-
-“Good-morning, Colonel Treadwell,” said the lad, diffidently.
-
-“Who are you, and what are you, and what can I do for you?” said the
-colonel, extending his hand.
-
-The youth did not heed the chubby, outstretched hand. “My name,” he
-said, very formally and introductorily, “is Carey. My father used to
-know you when he was editor of the _Blankburg Herald_.”
-
-“Well,” said the colonel, encouragingly, “shake hands anyhow.”
-
-Carey shook hands; his diffidence vanished. He was a pleasant-faced,
-pleasant-voiced young fellow, Treadwell thought. He was a good-hearted,
-jocular old fellow, unlike what he had imagined the leader of the stock
-market would be, Carey thought.
-
-“Yes,” went on the colonel, “I remember your father very well. I never
-forget my up-the-State friends, and I am always glad to see their sons.
-When I ran for Congress, Bill Carey wrote red-hot editorials in my
-favor, and I was beaten by a large and enthusiastic majority. I haven’t
-seen your father in twenty-odd years—not since he went wrong and took to
-politics.”
-
-“Well, Colonel Treadwell,” laughed Carey, “I guess Dad did his best for
-you. And if you didn’t go to Congress you’re better off, from all I have
-read in the papers about you.”
-
-You would have thought they had known each other for years.
-
-“That’s what I say; I have to,” chuckling.
-
-“Colonel,” said the young man, boldly, “I’ve come to ask your advice.”
-
-“Most people don’t ask it twice. Be careful now.”
-
-“Do you mean that they get so rich following it that they don’t have to
-come again?”
-
-“You are a politician, young man. You’ll wake up and find yourself in
-Congress, some fine day, unless your father goes back to newspaper work
-and writes some editorials in _your_ favor.”
-
-The boy had a pleasant smile, the colonel thought.
-
-“I have saved up some money, Colonel.”
-
-“Keep it. That’s the best advice I can give you. Go away instantly.
-Great Scott, youngster, you are in Wall Street now.”
-
-“Oh, I—I’m safe enough in this office, I guess,” retorted Carey.
-
-The famous leader of the stock market looked at him solemnly. The boy
-returned the look, imperturbably. Then Colonel Treadwell laughed, and
-Carey laughed back at him.
-
-“What are you doing to keep out of State’s prison?” asked Treadwell.
-
-“I’m a clerk in the office of the Federal Pump Company, third floor,
-upstairs. I have saved some money and I want to know what to do with it.
-I read an article in the _Sun_ the other day. It said you had advised
-people to put their savings into Suburban Trolley and how well they had
-fared.”
-
-“That was a year ago. Trolley has gone up 50 points since then.”
-
-“That shows how good the advice was. And you also said a young man
-should do something with his savings and not let them lie idle.” The
-young man looked straight into the little, twinkling, kindly eyes of the
-leader of the stock market.
-
-“How much money have you?”
-
-“I have two hundred and ten dollars,” replied the lad with an uncertain
-smile. He had felt proud of the magnitude of his savings in his own
-room; in this office he felt a bit ashamed of their insignificance.
-
-“Dear me,” said the millionaire speculator, very seriously, “that is a
-good deal of money. It’s a blame sight more’n I had, when I started in
-business. Got it with you?”
-
-“Yes, sir.”
-
-“Well, I’ll introduce you to my brother Wilson, who has charge of our
-customers. Come in, John.”
-
-“John” came in. His other name was Mellen. He was a slim, quiet-looking
-man of about five-and-fifty. His enemies said that he had made
-$1,000,000 for every year he had lived and had kept it.
-
-“Sit down, John,” said Colonel Treadwell, shaking hands with Mr. Mellen,
-“I’ll be back in a minute.”
-
-At the door he shook hands with two more visitors—a tall, ruddy-faced,
-white-haired, and white-whiskered man, Mr. Milton Steers, after-dinner
-speaker and self-confessed wit; and, incidentally, president of a
-railroad system; also Mr. D. M. Ogden, who looked like an English
-clergyman and was the owner of the huge Ogden Buildings in Wall Street.
-They had come to discuss the advisability of a new deal in “Trolley.”
-They represented, they and their associates, more than $500,000,000. But
-Colonel Treadwell made them wait while he escorted his new acquaintance
-to his brother’s room.
-
-“Wilse,” he said, “I’ve brought you a new customer, Mr. Carey.”
-
-Wilson P. Treadwell smiled pleasantly. He was a tall, slender man with a
-serious look. The firm did not desire new accounts, for there was
-already more business than could be handled. They were the busiest and
-the best-known stock brokers in the United States. But the colonel’s
-friends were welcome, always.
-
-“I’m very glad to meet Mr. Carey,” said Wilson Treadwell. The firm had
-some very youthful customers; but their means were in inverse ratio to
-their years.
-
-“I think,” said the colonel, “that we had better buy some Easton &
-Allentown for him.” He was smiling; he generally did. Moreover, he was
-thinking of his brother’s mistaken impression of the new customer.
-
-“That is a good idea,” assented Wilson. “You ought to put in your order
-at once. The stock is going up very fast, Mr. Carey.”
-
-“Well, young man, give him your margin and let him buy you as much as he
-thinks best,” said the colonel.
-
-“Five thousand shares?” suggested Wilson Treadwell.
-
-Colonel Treadwell chuckled. “Five thousand? A paltry five?”
-
-“Well, fifty thousand if he wants them, and you guarantee his account,”
-said his brother with a smile.
-
-“I guess,” said the leader of the stock market, slowly, “that you had
-better begin with one hundred shares.”
-
-Then Wilson, who knew his brother thoroughly, said “Oh!” and smiled and
-gave an order to a clerk to buy one hundred shares of Easton & Allentown
-Railroad stock at the “market” or prevailing price, for Mr. Carey, and
-took the boy’s two hundred and ten dollars with the utmost gravity. The
-smallest Stock Exchange house would not accept such a pitiful account.
-Treadwell & Co. being the largest, would and did.
-
-The colonel shook hands with young Carey, whose father had once edited a
-country newspaper, but who had never been an intimate friend, told him
-to “Come again, any time,” and went back to his accomplices.
-
-Easton & Allentown stock was the “feature” of the market that week and
-the next. Ten days after Carey had bought his hundred shares at 94 the
-stock sold at 106.
-
-The young man went into the office of Treadwell & Co., on the eleventh
-day. He knew he had made a great deal of money—more than he had ever
-thought of having at his age—but he did not know what to do now. He
-heard one man say to another: “Take profits? Not at this price. E. & A.
-is sure to go to 115.”
-
-Carey figured that if he waited for the stock to sell at 115, he would
-make nearly a thousand dollars more.
-
-“There is no use of being a blamed hog,” the man continued, with
-picturesque emphasis, “but where in blazes is the sense of throwing away
-that much money by selling out too soon? Limit your losses and let your
-profits run.”
-
-They stood in the corridor of the partitioned office, the crowd of men,
-all of them customers of Treadwell & Co., excepting the newspaper
-reporters who had called for their usual daily interview with the famous
-leader of the stock market. There were two United States Senators; an
-ex-Congressman; a score of men who had inherited fortunes and were
-doubling them in the stock market; three or four gray-haired
-shrewd-faced capitalists whose names appeared many times in the
-financial pages of newspapers; a baker’s dozen of prominent municipal
-politicians, a well-known Western railroad president with a ruddy face
-and a snow-white beard; two famous physicians; the vice-president of a
-life insurance company; a half score of wholesale merchants and a
-low-voiced, insignificant little man, with a quiet, almost apologetic
-look, who seldom spoke and never smiled, but who, next to the colonel
-himself, was beyond question the heaviest “plunger” in the office.
-
-The colonel came out of his office to go to his brother’s room, where,
-seated about a long polished table were several directors of the
-Suburban Trolley Company—men to whom the newspapers always referred not
-by name but as “prominent insiders.” It was a very important gathering.
-It involved no less than a final understanding in regards to the great
-“Trolley pool” whose operations, later on, were to become historical in
-Wall Street. It was, as one of the speculators outside put it, “a case
-of show down”—the cash resources available for pool purposes were to be
-ascertained, each man announcing the proportion of the 100,000 shares
-for which he was willing to “put up.”
-
-Carey was standing by the door of Wilson Treadwell’s office. He did not
-feel altogether comfortable, among so many elderly and obviously very
-rich men. His diffidence was the saving of him for as the colonel passed
-he paused and said, in a low voice: “Got your stock yet?”
-
-The customers in the corridor, men who, by the colonel’s advice, were
-“carrying” from 500 to 10,000 shares each of Easton & Allentown, leaned
-forward eagerly. All were men who north of Wall Street would not have
-stooped to listen to others’ conversations if their lives depended on
-it. In a broker’s office, when the leader of the stock market was
-speaking, such notions were absurd, almost wicked. Certainly, at that
-moment, twenty pairs of eyes were looking fixedly at the great leader of
-the stock market and the young clerk.
-
-The colonel felt this intuitively. He confirmed it with a quick glance
-of his sharp little eyes. He had not sold all his Easton & Allentown,
-but was disposing of it just as fast as the market would take it. It was
-not likely that the stock would go much higher. Wall Street, ever loath
-to believe well of any stock operator, used to comment sneeringly on the
-fact that the world heard much about the “Treadwell buying” but never a
-word about the Treadwell selling.
-
-If the colonel gave a hint to the customers there would be an avalanche
-of selling orders that would make the price of the stock break sharply,
-and this would not benefit anyone. He had advised them to buy the stock
-at 90 and at 95–-it was 105 now. He had more than done his duty. If they
-did not sell out, in the hope of making more, it was their own lookout.
-
-But there was the boy with the one hundred shares, the pleasant little
-clerk from up-the-State, who had brought in his entire fortune, his
-accumulated savings of two hundred and ten dollars. He was a stranger to
-Wall Street. But supposing he should tell that he had been advised to
-sell? There would be the deuce to pay!
-
-The colonel took chances. Out of one corner of his mouth, so that he did
-not even turn his head toward the boy and so that the watching customers
-could not suspect what he was doing, he shot a quick whisper—a lob-sided
-but philanthropic affair—at him: “Look at the color of your money, boy!
-Take your profits and say nothing!” And he walked into the room where
-the Suburban Trolley magnates awaited him impatiently.
-
-Carey, thrilled but taciturn, gave his order to sell his Easton &
-Allentown, unsuspected by the mob. They sold it for him at 105⅛.
-Deducting commissions and interest charges the colonel’s whisper had put
-$1,050 in the young clerk’s pocket.
-
-And the stock went a little higher and then declined slowly to about 99.
-The customers all made a great deal of money as it was, but not as much
-as they would have “taken out” of the Easton & Allentown “deal” if they
-had overheard that one of Colonel Treadwell’s many whispers—lob-sided
-but philanthropic affairs!
-
-
-
-
- THE MAN WHO WON
-
-
-“Brown,” said Mr. John P. Greener, as he turned away from the ticker in
-the corner, “I wish you would go over to the Board and see how the
-market is for Iowa Midland. Find out how much stock there is for sale
-and who has it. It ought to be pretty well distributed about the
-Street.”
-
-“What’s up in it?” asked his partner, curiously.
-
-“Nothing—yet,” answered Greener, quietly.
-
-He sat down at his desk and took up a letter, headed “President’s
-Office, Keokuk & Northern Railway Company, Keokuk, Iowa.” When he had
-finished the entire sixteen closely written pages, he arose and paced
-slowly up and down his office.
-
-He was a sallow-faced, black-bearded little man, slender—almost frail
-looking—with a high but rather narrow forehead. His eyes were furtive,
-shifty bits of brown light. He was thinking, and thinking to some
-purpose. Any one, even a stranger, seeing him, would have known that he
-was thinking of something big—the forehead was responsible for the
-impression; and also of something tricky, unscrupulous, cold-blooded—his
-eyes were to blame there. At length his brow cleared. He muttered: “I
-must have that road. Then, a consolidation with my Keokuk & Northern;
-and a new system that will endure as long as the country!”
-
-Brown returned in a half hour and reported. There was very little stock
-for sale below $42 a share—a few small lots held by unimportant
-commission houses. The vendible supply increased at 44, and at 46
-“inside stock would come out,” which, translated into plain English,
-meant that whenever the price of Iowa Midland Railway Company stock rose
-to $46 per share, directors of the company or close friends of theirs
-would be found willing to part with their holdings. It was thus evident
-that the greater part of such stock of the Iowa Midland as the Street
-was “carrying” speculatively was not for sale at such a price as would
-be regarded in the light of a great bargain by Mr. John F. Greener,
-president _de facto_ of the rival Keokuk & Northern Railway, but better
-known to countless “lambs” and widows and orphans and brother financiers
-as the Napoleon of the Street.
-
-“Any supporting orders?” piped Greener. Stocks are “supported,” or
-bought on declines, so that the price shall not go down too much, and
-above all not too quickly.
-
-“Bagley has orders to buy 300 shares every quarter of a point down until
-37 is reached, and then to take 5,000 shares at that figure. He got them
-direct from Willetts himself.” Bagley was a broker who made a specialty
-of dealing in Iowa Midland. Willetts was the president of the company.
-
-“Willetts,” squeaked Greener, “was in Council Bluffs this morning. He is
-to take part in the ceremonies of unveiling the Soldiers’ Monument,
-which begin at one o’clock—that is, within twenty minutes, allowing for
-difference in time. He will be out of the reach of the telegraph for the
-afternoon.”
-
-Brown laughed. “No wonder they are afraid of you.”
-
-“Brown,” said Greener, “start the movement by selling 10,000 shares of
-Iowa Midland. Divide it up among the boys on the floor. It would be well
-if the room were frightened by the selling. It is more important for us
-to get the price down than to put out shorts at high figures. I want
-that stock down.” If he had merely desired to sell the stock “short” he
-would have gone about it carefully, to disturb the price as little as
-possible.
-
-“If you want that I think you’ll get it,” said Brown. As he was going
-out Mr. Greener squeaked after him: “Keep them guessing, Brown; keep
-them guessing.”
-
-“That,” mused Mr. John F. Greener, “ought to mean a three-or four-point
-break in Iowa Midland at the very least, and perhaps we can work through
-the peg at 37. We’ll see.” By the “peg” he meant the figure at which the
-supporting orders to buy were heaviest.
-
-A few minutes later the Iowa Midland “post” on the floor of the Stock
-Exchange was surrounded by a dozen puzzled and apprehensive but
-gentlemanly brokers. And still a few minutes later the same spot was a
-seething whirlpool of maniacal humanity. It was appalling, the sight of
-these gesticulating, yelling, fighting, coat-tearing, fisticuffing
-brokers—appalling and vulgar, selfish, unpleasant, ungentlemanly but
-eminently typical. And all that caused the transformation was the fact
-that Mr. Brown had been seen whispering to Harry Wilson, and Harry
-Wilson had left him, gone to the Iowa Midland crowd, and sold 1,000
-shares at 42⅛ and 42. Then Mr. Brown had been seen speaking with W. G.
-Carleton in what struck witnesses as being a more or less agitated
-manner, and later Carleton had sauntered carelessly over to the Iowa
-Midland precinct, and, after displaying very great indifference about
-the world in general, but most particularly about the market for Iowa
-Midland, had sold 1,500 shares to Bagley, the specialist, at 41¾, 41⅝,
-and 41½. Mr. Brown was now watched by two or three scores of sharp eyes,
-all having the same expression. And he was observed to look about him
-apprehensively and then begin to converse with Frank J. Pratt; whereupon
-Pratt, as fast as his fat legs would carry him, hastened to “Iowa
-Midland” and sold 2,000 shares at an average price of 41. The observant
-eyes had by this taken on a new expression—of indecision; but when they
-beheld Mr. Brown anxiously beckon to his “particular” friend, Dan
-Simpson, and saw shrill-voiced Dan rush like mad into the increasing
-crowd and sell 5,000 shares of Iowa Midland, apparently regardless of
-price, the observant eyes ceased to observe Brown. Activity was
-transferred to their owners’ throats as they thought to emulate Simpson
-and the rest of the Brown “whisperees.” Everybody scented danger,
-especially as the same “whisperees” had not “given up” the name of Brown
-& Greener as the real sellers, but had sold as though each Brown-talked
-man was acting for himself—which every other man in the room knew was
-out of the question, and which, in turn, increased the general
-uneasiness. It was a confident and yet a mystifying movement. It became
-more maddeningly perplexing when certain brokers, believed to be “close
-to the inside,” also began to sell the stock. Everybody started to do
-likewise. And everybody asked the same question—“What’s the matter?”—and
-received an avalanche of answers, all different but all unfavorable. One
-man said it was crop failures, another mentioned divers kinds of bugs, a
-third asserted it was extensive wash-outs and ruinous landslides, and
-bankrupting attacks by a socialistic legislature, and receivership
-probabilities.
-
-Each of these was a good and sufficient reason why Iowa Midland stock
-should be sold. The comparison is odiously trite, but the growth of an
-adverse rumor in Wall Street really resembles nothing so much as the
-traditional snowball rolling down a hillside and becoming larger and
-larger as it rolls, until it is huge, terrific, with appalling
-possibilities for evil.
-
-The Board Room became Iowa-Midland-mad. Speculators often stampede—just
-like other animals. No stock can withstand their rush to sell, even
-though it be “protected” or “supported” by its manipulators, much less a
-stock like Iowa Midland, whose market sponsor was out of town, and out
-of reach of the telegraph.
-
-From all over the room men rushed to Brown, who was sitting calmly at
-the Erie “post,” chatting pleasantly with a friend.
-
-“Brown, what’s up in Iowa Midland?” one of them asked, feverishly. The
-others listened eagerly.
-
-Brown might have said, “I don’t know,” rudely, and turned his back on
-them. But he did not. He responded jocularly: “It seems to me that
-something is down in Iowa Midland, that something being about three
-points, I should say. Ha! ha!”
-
-By this time nearly all the listeners had concluded that, since Brown
-refused to tell, there must be something serious—something very serious.
-Brown obviously was still selling the stock through other brokers, and
-would keep the bad news to himself until he had marketed his “line.”
-After that, probably he would become interestingly garrulous. They
-therefore advised their respective offices to get rid of their Iowa
-Midland stock. It might be all right; but it might be all wrong. And it
-was going down fast.
-
-Mr. Greener in his office was looking at the “tape” as it came out of
-the little electrical printing machine that records the transactions and
-prices.
-
-The sallow-faced little man permitted himself a slight—a very
-slight—smile. The tape showed: “IA. MID., 1000. 39; 300. 38¾; 500. ⅝;
-300. ½; 200. ⅜; ¼; 300. 38.”
-
-He turned away to summon a clerk, to whom he said: “Mr. Rock, please
-send for Mr. Coolidge. Make haste.”
-
-“Very well, sir.”
-
-A portly, white-waistcoated, white-haired man, with snow-white,
-short-cropped side whiskers, burst unceremoniously into the room.
-
-“How do you do, Mr. Ormiston?” squeaked Greener, cordially.
-
-“Greener,” panted the portly man, “what’s the matter with Iowa Midland?”
-
-“How should I know?” in a half-complaining, half-petulant squeak.
-
-“Brown started the selling. I saw it myself. Greener, I did you a good
-turn once in Central District Telegraph. I’m long 6,000 shares of this
-Iowa Midland. For God’s sake, man, if you know anything——”
-
-“Mr. Ormiston, all I know is what I learn from my confidential reports
-of the Iowa crop. Along the line of the Keokuk & Northern the crop is
-not what I hoped for.” And he shook his head dolefully.
-
-“_Ticky-ticky-ticky tick!_” said the ticker, calmly.
-
-The portly man approached the little machine.
-“Thirty-seven-and-an-eighth. Thirty-seven!” he shouted. “Great Scott!
-she’s going down like a——” He did not finish the comparison, but rushed
-out of the office without pausing to say good-by. At one o’clock his
-6,000 shares at $42½ represented $255,000. Now, at two o’clock, at $37,
-the same stock would fetch about $222,000. A depreciation of $33,000 in
-an hour is apt to make one neglectful of the little niceties. An
-additional un-nicety was the obvious fact that an attempt to sell 6,000
-shares on a declining market would inevitably cause a still further
-drop. Mr. Ormiston was excusable.
-
-Again Mr. Greener summoned a confidential clerk.
-
-“Mr. Rock,” he squeaked, placidly, “telephone Mr. Brown that Ormiston,
-Monkhouse & Co. are about to sell 6,000 shares of Iowa Midland, and that
-Mr. Coolidge must not pay more than 35 for it.”
-
-“Mr. Coolidge is in your private room, sir,” announced an office-boy.
-
-The little financier, with an expressionless, sallow face, confronted
-his chief confidential broker. Their relations were unsuspected by the
-Street. Everybody thought Coolidge was a pleasant and honorable man.
-
-“Coolidge, go to the Board at once. Ormiston is going to sell 6,000
-shares of Iowa Midland. Get it as cheap as you can. Don’t be in a hurry,
-though.”
-
-“How much shall I buy?” asked the broker, jotting down a few figures in
-his order book.
-
-“As much as you can; all that is offered below 37,” squeaked the
-Napoleon of the Street. It was a Napoleonic order. “And, Coolidge, I
-don’t want this known by any one. Clear the stock yourself.” It meant
-that Mr. Coolidge was to put the stock through the Clearing House in his
-own name. As there is a charge for this service, in addition to the
-usual buying or selling commission, such steps are not resorted to
-unless it is desired to conceal the identity of the broker’s principal,
-should the latter be a fellow-member of the Exchange.
-
-“Very well, Mr. Greener. Good-morning.” And the broker went out on a
-run. “Whew!” he whistled when he was in the Street on his way to the
-Stock Exchange, a few doors below. “Brown & Greener must be short at
-least 50,000 or 60,000 shares.” This was five times too much. But it
-showed that Mr. Greener was impartial in his distribution of erroneous
-impressions. He wanted to accumulate the stock rather than “cover” a
-short line; but there was no reason why even his most trusted broker
-should know it.
-
-Ormiston’s 6,000 shares found their way to Mr. Coolidge’s office at from
-34⅞ to 35¾. Mr. Brown in the meantime had succeeded in forcing down the
-prices by the usual tricks. The man who once had done Greener a good
-turn now did him another—the gift of $40,000!
-
-In addition, Coolidge, employing several brokers, purchased 23,000
-shares in all, which meant that Mr. Greener, after “covering” Brown’s
-early “short sales,” was in possession of fully 14,000 shares of the
-common stock of the Iowa Midland Railway Company, at a price averaging
-nearly 6 points lower than they could have been bought on the preceding
-day, which is to say $75,000 cheaper.
-
-But Brown & Greener had made as much on their short sales, which was
-actually equivalent to having the lambs pay a man for the privilege of
-being shorn by him!
-
-Such was the first of a series of skirmishes by means of which the
-diminutive Napoleon of the Street captured the floating supply of Iowa
-Midland stock, until he had no less than 65,000 shares safe in his
-clutches.
-
-All the old tricks that he knew and new devices he invented were used to
-hide from the Street the fact that Mr. Greener was buying the stock on
-every opportunity. But beyond a certain limit extensive purchases of a
-particular stock cannot be concealed from the thousand shrewd men who
-make their living—a very good living, indeed—by not being blind. First
-one thing, then another, told these men that some powerful financier or
-group of financiers had bought enormously of Iowa Midland, “absorbing”
-unostentatiously all the stock shaken out by the violent fluctuations of
-the past few months. This fact and the remarkable improvement of
-business along the line of the road caused a “substantial rise” in the
-price of the company’s securities. But no one suspected the little
-Napoleon with the shifty eyes and the squeak and the genius, who had
-bought in the open market, through unsuspected brokers, and in Iowa from
-the local holders, by means of secret agents, until he had accumulated
-78,600 shares.
-
-Brown said to his partner one day, a little uneasily: “Supposing we
-can’t get any more stock, what are we going to do with what we have?” To
-try to sell it, however carefully, would be sure to break the market.
-
-“Brown,” squeaked the little man, plaintively, “I have concluded that in
-case I can’t get enough stock to bring Willetts and his crowd”—the
-president of the Iowa Midland and his fellow-directors—“to my way of
-thinking, we had better sell the block we now hold to the Keokuk &
-Northern Railway Company at the market price of $68 a share. Perhaps we
-could even run it up a little higher. Our stock cost us on an average
-$51 a share. We could take our payment one half in cash and half in
-first mortgage bonds at a fair discount. The deal would be highly
-beneficial to the Keokuk & Northern Company, since, having such a large
-block of her rival’s stock, there would be no more fighting and
-rate-cutting. Our company would be a powerful factor in the Iowa
-Midland’s affairs, for we ought to have two or possibly three directors
-in their board.”
-
-“Greener,” said Brown, “shake!”
-
-“Oh, no; not yet,” squeaked the little man, deprecatingly.
-
-Shortly afterward began a campaign of hostility against the management
-of the Iowa Midland Railway Company and President Willetts in
-particular. It was a bitter campaign of defamation, of ingenious
-accusations, and of alarming prognostications. All the newspapers,
-important or obscure, subsidized or honest, began to print articles of
-the kind technically known as “roasts.” The road, it was declared, had
-escaped a receivership by a sheer miracle. President Willetts’s
-incompetence was stupendous and incurable. There was, in sooth, some
-basis for the complaints, and many stockholders were undoubtedly
-dissatisfied with the Willetts “dynasty.” But not even the newspapers
-themselves knew that they were merely moving in response to wires
-artistically pulled by a financial genius of the first water. The stock
-once more declined. Not knowing who was fighting him, President Willetts
-was unable to defend himself effectively. Many timid or disgusted
-holders sold out. Mr. Greener gave no sign of life; but his brokers
-bought the stock offered for sale.
-
-At length a well-known and talkative broker confided to an intimate
-friend, who told his intimate friend in confidence, who whispered to his
-chum, who told, etc., etc., that Mr. John F. Greener had been
-responsible for the fall and rise of Iowa Midland stock; that for months
-he had been buying it on the Stock Exchange; that he had quietly picked
-up some large blocks in Iowa. All of which was very sad, and, worse
-still, true. Also, that Mr. Greener now held 182,300 shares of the
-stock, which was even sadder, but untrue.
-
-It really was very well done. The annual meeting of the company was only
-six weeks away.
-
-The reporters rushed to Mr. Greener’s office. The little financier would
-not be seen. At length he reluctantly consented to be interviewed. He
-admitted, after a skilful display of unwillingness, that he had bought
-Iowa Midland stock. As to the amount, he said that was not of interest
-to the general public. The reporters finally cornered him and succeeded
-in making the little financier say, with a fleeting and very peculiar
-smile: “Yes; it _is_ over 100,000 shares.” And not another word could
-the newspaper men get out of him.
-
-Being an intelligent man, he never lied for publication. Each reporter
-who saw that smile and the furtive look that accompanied it went away
-convinced to the life-wagering point that Mr. John F. Greener was in
-control of the Iowa Midland. And they wrote accordingly.
-
-President Willetts all but had an apoplectic stroke. The Street
-disgustedly said: “Another successful, villainous plot of Greener’s!”
-And such was his reputation as an “absorber” of roads and roads’ profits
-that the stock declined ten points in two days. Investors and
-speculators alike displayed a frantic desire not to be identified in any
-way or manner with one of Mr. Greener’s properties.
-
-The little financier had not been mistaken. His last card was his own
-evil reputation! He had reserved it for the end. On the wide-spread fear
-that followed his broker’s artistic “indiscretion” he was able to
-“scoop” 32,000 shares more at low figures. Such is the value of fame!
-
-He now held 110,600 shares, or one third of the Iowa Midland Railroad
-Company’s entire capital stock—enough to coerce Willetts into making
-very profitable arrangements with Mr. Greener’s Keokuk & Northern
-Railway Company. Of course the absolute control of the Iowa Midland was
-best of all, if it only could be secured. But of this the sallow-faced
-little man with the high forehead and the shifty eyes was doubtful. He
-confessed as much to Brown, ending with: “It’s a shame, too. I could
-make so much out of that property!”
-
-He estimated—it had cost him $11,000 to secure the necessary data—that
-Willetts and his clique held 105,000 shares, so that there were still
-122,000 shares unaccounted for—probably scattered among small investors
-throughout the country, who did not care who managed the road so long as
-they received pleasant promises of dividends, and also among banking
-houses and anti-Greener men, who, though they did not approve of
-Willetts, disapproved even more emphatically and vehemently of Greener
-and his methods.
-
-If he could not buy the stock itself he must try to secure proxies.
-
-He knew that some of the trust companies held a fair amount of the
-longed-for stock. He laid siege to them. He bombarded them with promises
-and poured an enfilading fire of pledges so honorable, so eminently
-sound and business-like, as to pierce the armor of their distrust. In
-the end they actually grew to believe that they were acting wisely when
-they pledged their support to Mr. Greener. The guarantee he gave them
-seemed ironclad, and they agreed to give him their proxies whenever he
-should send for them.
-
-He called his clerk Rock and told him: “Go to the Rural Trust Company
-and to the Commercial Loan & Trust Company. See Mr. Roberts and Mr.
-Morgan. They will give you some Iowa Midland proxies made out to
-Frederick Rock or John F. Greener.”
-
-Rock was a good-looking, quiet chap, with a very well-shaped head and a
-resolute chin. His manners were pleasing. He had a habit of looking one
-straight in the eyes, but did not always succeed thereby in conveying an
-impression of straightforwardness. But he certainly impressed one as
-being bold and keen. His fellow-clerks used to say that Rock spent his
-spare time in studying the financial operations of the Napoleon of the
-Street with the same care and minuteness that military students go over
-the campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte—which was the truth.
-
-“Mr. Greener,” said Rock, “you are carrying 110,000 shares of stock, are
-you not?”
-
-“Eh?” squeaked Greener, innocently.
-
-“I figure that, unless you are doing something outside this office, you
-will need proxies for 50,000 shares more to give you absolute control
-and elect your own board of directors and carry out your plans in
-connection with Keokuk & Northern.”
-
-Not by so much as the twinkling of an eye did the little man betray that
-he was interested in Rock’s words, or that the clerk’s meddling with the
-firm’s affairs was at all out of the ordinary.
-
-“Mr. Greener,” said the clerk, very earnestly, “I should like to try to
-get them for you.”
-
-“Yes?” he squeaked, absent-mindedly.
-
-“Yes, sir,” answered Rock.
-
-“Go ahead, then,” said Mr. Greener, carelessly. “Let me know next week
-how you are getting on.”
-
-An expression of disappointment came into Rock’s face, whereupon Greener
-added: “Of course if you succeed I’ll do well by you.”
-
-“What will you do, Mr. Greener?” asked the clerk, looking straight at
-him.
-
-“I’ll give you,” he squeaked, encouragingly, “ten thousand dollars.”
-
-“Is that a good price for the work, Mr. Greener? I may have to pay out a
-great deal,” added the young clerk with a faint touch of bitterness.
-
-“It is all that it is worth to me, Mr. Rock, and I think it is worth
-more to me than to anybody else. I’ll raise your salary from sixteen
-hundred to two thousand a year. That’s a great deal more money than I
-had at your age, Mr. Rock.”
-
-“Very well,” said Rock, quietly. “I’ll do the best I can.” But once away
-from Greener, his face flushed with anger and indignation. “Ten thousand
-for what might be worth ten millions to the financier!” The clerk had
-studied Greener’s Napoleonic methods for two years. He had learned
-patience for one thing, and he had waited for his chance. It had come at
-last, and he knew it.
-
-Events make the man. Rock had thought carefully, intelligently, and,
-best of all, coolly. He had planned logically. It was a good plan; it
-was the only feasible plan, and it could not be upset by meddlesome
-courts. How Mr. John F. Greener had failed to think of the same plan was
-a bit strange. The unscrupulousness of it did not frighten the clerk. He
-had the instincts of a financier of the Greener school.
-
-The clerk all that week did nothing but collect the Iowa Midland proxies
-promised by the complaisant trust companies. They amounted to 21,200
-shares. From prominent brokerage houses, by means of alluring and
-unauthorized promises, he secured 7,100 shares; in all he had 28,300
-shares. This meant that at the approaching annual meeting Mr. Greener
-could vote 138,900 shares out of a possible total of 320,000. Unless the
-opposition could unite, the election was already sure to “go Mr.
-Greener’s way.”
-
-From time to time, when the little financier would ask Rock how he was
-progressing, the clerk would tell him he was doing as well as could be
-expected. He also told Mr. Greener that the trust companies had given
-only 14,000 shares, and he said nothing whatever of the 7,100 shares he
-had secured from the friendly brokers. It was a desperate risk, this
-concealing from Mr. Greener how well he had done; but the clerk was
-bold.
-
-The moment Rock became convinced that there were no more pro-Greener
-proxies to be had by hook or crook, he began his attack on the enemy.
-His problem was to capture the anti-Greener votes—or stock. He proceeded
-to put his plan into effect. And the plan of this healthy clerk with the
-unflinching eyes and the resolute chin was worthy of the sallow-faced
-little man with the furtive look and the great forehead.
-
-“It is a case of _heads I win; tails you lose_,” Rock muttered to
-himself, exultingly.
-
-The young man presented himself forthwith at the office of Weddell,
-Hopkins & Co., prominent bankers and bitter enemies of Mr. John F.
-Greener and his methods. They knew Rock as one of the confidential
-clerks of Brown & Greener, and he had no difficulty in securing an
-audience from Mr. Weddell.
-
-“Good-morning, Mr. Weddell.”
-
-“Good-morning, sir,” said the banker, coldly. “I must say I’m somewhat
-surprised at the presumption of your people in sending you to me.”
-
-“Mr. Weddell,” said Rock, a trifle too eagerly to be artistic, “I’ve
-left the firm of Brown & Greener. They were,” he added, youthfully, “too
-rascally for me.”
-
-Mr. Weddell’s face froze solid. He feared an application for a position.
-
-“Ye-es?” he said. His voice matched his face in frigidity.
-
-“Mr. Weddell,” said the young clerk, looking straight into the old
-banker’s eyes, “you in common with other honest men have been wishing
-you could prevent Mr. Greener from wrecking the Iowa Midland. Now, Mr.
-Weddell,” he went on, eagerly, as the enthusiasm of the plan grew upon
-him, “I know all about Mr. Greener’s plans and resources and I want you
-to help me fight him. If you do we will win, sure.”
-
-“How will you go about it?” asked the old banker, evasively. He was not
-certain this was not some trick of the versatile Mr. John F. Greener.
-
-“Mr. Greener,” answered young Rock, “has not control of the property. He
-has only 110,600 shares. I had access to the books, and I know to a
-share.”
-
-“I don’t wish you to betray an employer’s secrets, even though he may be
-my enemy. I do not care to hear any more.” He was an old-fashioned
-banker, was Mr. Weddell.
-
-“I am not betraying any secrets. He himself said he had over 100,000
-shares, and all the reporters jumped at the conclusion that he had
-actually a controlling interest. And that is what he will have, unless
-you help me. I have proxies here for 28,300 shares from trust companies
-and commission houses. My plan is to get all the proxies I can from the
-anti-Greener and the anti-Willetts stockholders. Then we can make Mr.
-Willetts give us pledges in black and white to inaugurate the
-much-needed reforms and stop his policy of extravagance and his costly
-traffic arrangements. Willetts will do it to save himself and the road
-from falling into Greener’s hands. But there’s no time to lose, Mr.
-Weddell.” The excitement of the game he was playing stimulated him like
-wine.
-
-“And you?” queried the old banker, meaningly. “Where do _you_ come in?”
-The insinuation was his last weapon. The young man’s was really the only
-feasible plan that he could see.
-
-“I? It might be, Mr. Weddell, that after the election I could be
-appointed assistant secretary of the company, as an evidence of good
-faith on the part of the reform management. I can keep tabs on them and
-represent the Weddell-Hopkins interest. The salary,” he added, with
-truly artistic significance, “could be $5,000 a year. I have been
-getting just one-half that.” His salary was exactly $1,600; but why
-minimize one’s commercial value?
-
-The old banker walked up and down....
-
-“By gad, sir, you shall have our proxies,” said Mr. Weddell, at length.
-
-“It would be well not to let Mr. Greener suspect this,” added Rock. And
-the banker agreed with him.
-
-Weddell, Hopkins & Co. held 14,000 shares of Iowa Midland stock, and on
-the next day Rock received their proxies. Coming from so well-known, so
-notoriously anti-Greener a house, they served as credentials to him, and
-he was able to convince many doubting Thomases. He secured proxies from
-practically all the anti-Greener stock held in the city, as well as in
-Philadelphia and Boston.
-
-His day-long absences from the office aroused no suspicions there, since
-everybody thought he was working in the interest of Brown & Greener,
-including Messrs. Brown & Greener. All told, the proxies he had secured
-from Mr. Greener’s friends and from his foes amounted to 61,830 shares.
-It was really a remarkable performance. He felt very proud of it. As to
-consequences, he had carefully weighed them. He was working for
-Frederick Rock. He was bound to succeed, on whichever side the coin came
-down.
-
-Mr. Greener called him into the private office.
-
-“Mr. Rock, how about those Iowa Midland proxies?”
-
-“I have them safe,” answered the clerk, a bit defiantly.
-
-“How many?”
-
-Rock pulled out a piece of paper, though he knew the figures by heart.
-He said, in a tone he endeavored to make nonchalant: “I have exactly
-61,830 shares.”
-
-“What? What?” The Napoleon’s voice overflowed with astonishment.
-
-Rock looked straight into Greener’s shifty brown eyes. “I said,” he
-repeated, “that I had proxies for 61,830 shares.”
-
-Mr. Greener remembered himself. “I congratulate you, Mr. Rock, on
-keeping your word. You will find I keep mine equally well,” he said in
-his normal squeak.
-
-“We may as well have an understanding now as any other time, Mr.
-Greener.” Rock’s eyes did not leave the sallow face of the great
-railroad wrecker. He knew he had crossed the Rubicon. He was fighting
-for his future, for the prosperity of his dreams. And he was fighting a
-giant of giants. All this the clerk thought; and the thought braced him
-wonderfully. He became self-possessed, discriminating—a Napoleonic bud
-about to burst into full bloom.
-
-“What do you mean?” squeaked Mr. Greener, naïvely.
-
-Mr. Brown entered. He was just in time to hear the clerk say: “You have,
-all told, 110,000 shares of Iowa Midland. President Willetts and his
-crowd control about the same amount.”
-
-“Yes,” said the sallow-faced little man. His forehead was moist—barely
-moist—with perspiration, but his face was expressionless. His eyes were
-less furtive; that was all. He was looking intently now at the young
-clerk, for he understood.
-
-“Well, some of the proxies stand in the name of Frederick Rock or John
-F. Greener, but the greater part in my name alone. I can vote the entire
-lot as I please. And whichever side I vote for will have an absolute
-majority. Mr. Greener, I have the naming of the directors, and therefore
-of the president of the Iowa Midland. And you can’t prevent me; and you
-can’t touch me; and you can’t do a d—d thing to me!” he ended,
-defiantly. It was nearly all superfluous, inartistic. But, youth—a
-defect one overcomes with time!
-
-“You infernal scoundrel!” shouted Mr. Brown. He had a short, thick neck,
-and anger made his face dangerously purple.
-
-“I secured most of the proxies,” continued Rock, in a tone that savored
-slightly of self-defence, “by assuring Weddell, Hopkins & Co. and their
-friends that I would vote against Mr. Greener.” He paused.
-
-“Go ahead, Mr. Rock,” squeaked Mr. Greener; “don’t be afraid to talk.”
-The pale little man with the black beard and the high forehead not only
-had a great genius for finance, but possessed wonderful nerve. His
-squeak was an inconsistency; but it served to make him human.
-
-“You offered me $10,000 cash and $2,000 a year.”
-
-“Yes,” admitted Mr. Greener, meekly. “How much do you want?” His look
-became furtive again. A great weight had been removed from his mind.
-Rock perceived it and became even more courageous.
-
-“Weddell, Hopkins & Co. and their friends want me to vote the Willetts
-ticket, Mr. Willetts having promised to make important reforms. My
-reward is to be the position of assistant secretary, with headquarters
-in New York, at a salary of $5,000 a year, to say nothing of the backing
-of Weddell, Hopkins & Co.”
-
-“I’ll do as much and give you $20,000 in cash,” said Mr. Greener,
-quietly.
-
-“No. I want to join the New York Stock Exchange. I want you to buy me a
-seat and I want you to give me some of your business. And I want you to
-lend me $50,000 on my note.”
-
-“Yes?”
-
-“Mr. Greener, you know what I can do; and I know what the absolute
-control of the Iowa Midland means to you, and what the consolidation
-with Keokuk & Northern or the lease of the one by the other would do for
-both of them—and for you. And I want to be your broker. I’ll serve you
-faithfully, Mr. Greener.”
-
-“Rock,” squeaked Mr. Greener, “shake hands. I understand just how you
-feel about this. I’ll buy you a seat and I’ll give you all the business
-I can, and I’ll lend you $100,000 without any note. I think I know you
-now. The seat you shall have just as soon as it can be bought. My
-interests shall be your interests in the future.”
-
-“I’ve made all the necessary arrangements. I can buy the seat at a
-moment’s notice,” said Rock, calmly, though his heart was beating wildly
-for sheer joy of victory. “It will cost $23,000.”
-
-“Tell Mr. Simpson to make out my personal check for $25,000,” piped the
-Napoleon of the Street, almost cordially.
-
-“Th-thank you very much, Mr. Greener,” stammered the bold clerk. “The
-proxies——”
-
-“Oh, that’s all right,” interrupted Mr. John F. Greener. “You’ll go to
-Des Moines with us. You’re one of us now. I’ve long wanted a man like
-you. But, Rock, nowadays, young men are either gamblers or fools,” he
-added, with a final plaintive squeak.
-
-A week later Mr. Greener was elected president of the Iowa Midland
-Railway Company and Mr. Rock was elected a member of the New York Stock
-Exchange.
-
-
-
-
- THE LOST OPPORTUNITY
-
-
-For many years Daniel Dittenhoeffer had desired the ruin of John F.
-Greener. “Dutch Dan,” as the Street called Dittenhoeffer was a burly man
-with very blonde hair, a very red nose and a very loud voice. Greener
-was a sallow, swarthy bit of a man, with black hair and a squeaky voice.
-He had furtive brown eyes and a very high forehead; while Dittenhoeffer
-had frank blue eyes and the pugnacious chin and thick neck of a prize
-fighter. Both were members of the New York Stock Exchange but Greener
-was never seen on the “floor” after one of his victims lifted him bodily
-by the collar and dropped him fifteen feet into a coal cellar on
-Exchange Place. He would plan the wrecks of railroad systems as a
-measure preliminary to their absorption, just as a boa constrictor
-crushes its victims into pulp the more easily to swallow them. But the
-practice, unchecked for years, had made him nervous and soul-fidgetty.
-
-Dan spent his days from 10 to 3 on the Stock Exchange and his nights
-from 10 to 3 at the roulette tables or before a faro lay-out. Restless
-as the quivering sea and suffering from chronic insomnia, he had
-perforce to satisfy his constitutional craving for powerful stimulants,
-but as he hated delirium tremens he gave himself ceaselessly big doses
-of the wine of gambling—it does as much for the nerves as the very best
-whiskey. He would buy or sell 50,000 shares of a stock and he would bet
-$50,000 on the turn of a card. On an occasion he offered to wager a
-fortune that he could guess which of two flies that had alit on a table
-would be the first to fly away. Greener found, in the Stock Exchange,
-the means to a desired end. Despite innumerable bits of stock jobbing,
-he had no exalted opinion, in his heart of hearts, of stock operations.
-But Dittenhoeffer thought the stock market was the court of last resort,
-whither financiers should go, when they were in the right, to get their
-deserts; and when they were in the wrong to overcome their deserts by
-the brute force of dollars. It was natural that in their operations in
-the market the two men should be as dissimilar as they were in their
-physical and temperamental characteristics—Machiavelli and Richard
-Cœur-de-Lion.
-
-Nobody knew exactly how the enmity between Greener and Dittenhoeffer
-began. The “Little Napoleon of Railroading” had felt toward Dutch Dan a
-certain passive hostility for interference with sundry stock market
-deals. But Dan hated Greener madly, probably for the same reason that a
-hawk may have for hating a snake: the instinctive antipathy of the
-utterly dissimilar.
-
-Scores of men had tried to “bust” Greener, but Greener had grown the
-richer by their efforts, the growth of his fortune being proportionate
-to the contraction of theirs. Sam Sharpe had come from Arizona with
-$12,000,000 avowedly to show the effete East how to crush “financial
-skunks of the Greener class.” And the financial skunk learned no new
-lesson, though the privilege of imagining he was giving one cost Sharpe
-a half-million a month for nearly one year. Then, after Sharpe had
-learned more of the game—and of Greener—he joined hands with
-Dittenhoeffer and together they attacked Greener. They were skilful
-stock operators, very rich and utterly without financial fear. And they
-loathed Greener. In a more gorgeous age they would have cut the Little
-Napoleon to pieces and passed his roasted heart on a platter around the
-festive board. In the colorless XIX century they were fain to content
-themselves with endeavoring to despoil him of his tear-stained millions;
-to do which they united their own smile-wreathed millions—some seven or
-eight of them—and opened fire. Their combined fortune was divided into
-ten projectiles and one after another hurled at the little man with the
-squeaky voice and the high forehead. The little man dodged the first and
-the second and the third, but the fourth broke his leg and the fifth
-knocked the wind out of him. The Street cheered and showed its
-confidence in the artillerists by going short of the Greener stocks. But
-just before the sixth shot Greener called to his assistance old Wilbur
-Wise, the man with the skin-flinty heart and thirty millions in cash. A
-protecting rampart, man-high, of government bonds was raised about the
-prostrate Napoleon and the financial cannoneers ceased firing precious
-projectiles. The new fortifications were impregnable and they knew it;
-so they contented themselves with gathering up their own shot and a
-small railroad or two dropped by Greener in his haste to seek shelter.
-Then Sharpe went to England to win the Derby and Dittenhoeffer went to
-Long Branch to amuse himself playing a no-limit faro game that cost him
-on an average $10,000 a night for a month.
-
-There was a period of peace in Wall Street following the last encounter
-between the diminutive Napoleon and Dutch Dan. But after a few months
-the fight resumed. Greener was desirous of “bulling” his stocks
-generally and his pet, Federal Telegraph Company, particularly. Just to
-show there was no need to hurry the “bull” or upward movement Dan sold
-the stock “short” every time Greener tried to advance the price. Four
-times did Greener try and four times Dittenhoeffer sold him a few
-thousand shares—just enough to check the advance. Up to a certain point
-a manipulator of stocks is successful. His manipulation may comprise
-many ingenious and complex actions and devices, but the elemental fact
-in bull manipulation is to buy more than the other fellow can or wishes
-to sell. Greener was willing to buy, but Dan was even more willing to
-sell.
-
-Greener really was in desperate straits. He was committed to many
-important enterprises. To carry them out he needed cash and the banks,
-fearful of stock market possibilities, were loath to lend him enough.
-Besides which, there was the desire on the part of the banks’ directors
-to pick up fine bargains should their refusal to lend Greener money
-force him to throw overboard the greater part of his load. Greener had
-despoiled innumerable widows and orphans in his railroad wrecking
-schemes. The money lenders should avenge the widows and orphans. It was
-a good deed. There was not a doubt of it in their minds.
-
-Federal Telegraph, in which Greener’s commitments were heaviest, had
-been slowly sinking. Successful in other quarters of the market, Dutch
-Dan decided to “whack the everlasting daylights out of Fed. Tel.” He
-went about it calmly, just as he played roulette—selling it
-methodically, ceaselessly, depressingly. And the price wilted. Greener,
-unsuccessful in other quarters of the Street, decided it was time to do
-something to save himself. He needed only $5,000,000. At a pinch
-$3,000,000 might do; or, for the moment, even $2,500,000. But he must
-have the money at once. Delay meant danger and danger meant
-Dittenhoeffer and Dittenhoeffer might mean death.
-
-Of a sudden, rising from nowhere, fathered by no one, the rumor whirled
-about the Street that Greener was in difficulties. Financial ghouls ran
-to the banks and interviewed the presidents. They asked no questions in
-order to get no lies. They simply said, as though they knew: “Greener is
-on his uppers.”
-
-The bank presidents smiled, indulgently, almost pityingly: “Oh, you’ve
-just heard it, have you? We’ve known it for six weeks!”
-
-Back to the Stock Exchange rushed the ghouls to sell the Greener
-stocks—not Federal Telegraph which was really a good property, but his
-reorganized roads, whose renascence was so recent that they had not
-grown into full strength. Down went prices and up went the whisper:
-“Dittenhoeffer’s got Greener at last!”
-
-A thousand brokers rushed to find their dear friend Dan to congratulate
-him—Napoleon’s conqueror, the hero of the hour, the future dispenser of
-liberal commissions, but dear Dan could not be found. He was not on the
-“floor” of the Exchange nor at his office.
-
-Some one had sought Dittenhoeffer before the brokers thought of
-congratulating him—some one who was the greatest gambler of all, greater
-even than Dutch Dan—a little man with furtive brown eyes and a squeaky
-voice; also a wonderful forehead: Mr. John F. Greener.
-
-“Mr. Dittenhoeffer, I sent for you to ask you a question,” he squeaked,
-calmly. He stood beside a garrulous ticker.
-
-“Certainly, Mr. Greener.” And Dittenhoeffer instantly had a vision of
-humble requests to “let up.” And he almost formulated the very words of
-a withering refusal.
-
-“Would you execute an order from me?”
-
-“Certainly, Mr. Greener. I’ll execute anybody’s orders. I’m a broker.”
-
-“Very well. Sell 50,000 shares of Federal Telegraph Company for me.”
-
-“What price?” jotting down the figures, from force of habit, his mind
-being paralyzed.
-
-“The best you can get. The stock,” glancing at the tape, “is 91.”
-
-“Very well.”
-
-The two men looked at one another—Dutch Dan half menacingly, Greener,
-calmly, steadily, his furtive eyes almost truthful.
-
-“Good-morning,” said Dittenhoeffer at length and the little man’s
-high-browed head nodded dismissingly.
-
-Dittenhoeffer hastened back to the Exchange. At the entrance he met his
-partner, Smith—the “Co.” of D. Dittenhoeffer & Co.
-
-“Bill, I’ve just got an order from Greener to sell 50,000 shares of
-Federal Telegraph.”
-
-“Wh-what?” gasped Smith.
-
-“Greener sent for me, asked me whether I’d accept an order from him, I
-said yes, and he told me to sell 50,000 shares of Telegraph, and I’m——”
-
-“You’ve got him, Dan. You’ve got him,” exultantly.
-
-“I’m going to cover my 20,000 shares with the first half of the order
-and sell the rest the best I can.”
-
-“Man alive, this is your chance! Don’t you see you’ve got him? Smilie of
-the Eastern National Bank tells me there isn’t a bank in the city will
-lend Greener money, and he needs it badly to pay the last $10,000,000 to
-the Indian Pacific bondholders. He’s bit off more than he can chew, damn
-‘im!”
-
-“Well, Bill, we’ll treat Mr. Greener as we do any other customer,” said
-Dittenhoeffer.
-
-“But—” began Smith, with undisguised consternation; he was an honest
-man, when away from the Street.
-
-“Oh, I’ll get him yet. This won’t save him. I’ll get him yet,” with a
-confident smile.
-
-It would have been very easy for him to take advantage of Greener’s
-order to make a fortune. He was short 20,000 shares which he had put out
-at an average price of 93. He could have taken Greener’s block of 50,000
-shares and hurled it bodily at the market. Not even a gilt-edge stock
-could withstand the impact of such a fearful blow, and the price of
-Federal Telegraph doubtless would have broken 15 points or more, and he
-could easily have taken in his shorts at 75 or possibly even at
-70–-which would have meant a profit of a half-million of dollars—and a
-loss of a much needed million to his arch-foe, Greener. And if he
-allowed his partner to whisper in strict confidence to some friend how
-Dan was selling out a big line of Telegraph for Greener the “Room” would
-have gone wild and everybody would have hastened to sell and the decline
-would have gone so much further as to cripple the little Napoleon
-possibly beyond all hope of recovery. Had Greener made the most colossal
-mistake of his life in giving the order to his enemy?
-
-Dan went to the Federal Telegraph post where a score of madmen were
-shouting at the top of their voices the prices they were willing to pay
-or to accept for varying amounts of the stock. He gave to twenty brokers
-orders to sell 1,000 shares each at the best obtainable price and he
-himself, through another man took an equal amount. On the next day he in
-person sold 20,000 shares and on the third day the last 10,000 shares of
-Greener’s order. This selling, the Street thought, was for his own
-account. It was all short stock; that is, his colleagues thought he was
-selling stock he didn’t own, trusting later on to buy it back cheaply.
-Such selling never has the depressing effect of “long” stock because it
-is obvious that the short seller must sooner or later buy the stock in,
-insuring a future demand, which should exert a lifting influence on
-prices; for
-
- “_He who sells what isn’t his’n
- Must buy it back or go to pris’n._”
-
-And Dittenhoeffer was able to get an average of $86 per share for
-Greener’s 50,000 shares of Federal Telegraph Company stock, for the
-Street agreed, with many headshakings, that Dan was becoming too
-reckless and Greener was a slippery little cuss and the short interest
-must be simply enormous and the danger of a bad “squeeze” exceedingly
-great. Wherefore, they forebore to “whack” Telegraph. Indeed, many
-shrewd traders saw, in the seeming weakness of the stock, a trap of the
-wily little Napoleon and they “fooled” him by astutely buying Federal
-Telegraph!
-
-With the $4,300,000 which he received from the sale of the big block of
-stock, Greener overcame his other troubles and carried out all his
-plans. It was a daring stroke, to trust to a stock broker’s professional
-honor. It made him the owner of a great railroad system. Dutch Dan’s
-attacks later did absolutely no harm. Greener had made an opportunity
-and Dittenhoeffer had lost one.
-
-
-
-
- PIKE’S PEAK OR BUST
-
-
-He was only seventeen, fair-haired and rosy-cheeked, with girlish blue
-eyes, when he applied for the vacancy in the office of Tracy &
-Middleton, Bankers and Brokers. His name was Willis N. Hayward, and he
-was a proud boy, indeed, when he was selected out of twenty “applicants”
-to be telephone-clerk for the firm.
-
-From 10 A.M. until 3 P.M. he stood by Tracy & Middleton’s private
-telephone on the floor of the Stock Exchange—the Board Room—receiving
-messages from the office—chiefly orders to buy or sell stocks for
-customers—and transmitting the same messages to the “Board member” of
-the firm, Mr. Middleton; also telephoning Mr. Middleton’s reports to the
-office. He spoke with a soft, refined voice, and his blue eyes beamed so
-ingenuously upon the other telephone-boys in the same row of booths,
-that they said they had a Sally in their alley, and they immediately
-nicknamed him Sally.
-
-It was all very wonderful to young Hayward, who had been out of
-boarding-school but a few months—the excited rushing hither and thither
-of worried-looking men, the frantic waving of hands, the maniacal
-yelling of the brokers executing their orders about the various “posts,”
-and their sudden relapse into semi-sanity as they jotted down the price
-at which they had sold or bought stocks. It was not surprising that he
-should fail to understand just how they did business; but what most
-impressed him was the fact, vouched for by his colleagues, that these
-same clamoring, gesticulating brokers were actually supposed to make a
-great deal of money. He heard of “Sam” Sharpe’s $100,000 winnings in
-Suburban Trolley, and of “Parson” Black’s famous million-dollar _coup_
-in Western Delaware—the little gray man even being pointed out to him in
-corroboration. But, then, he had also heard of Aladdin and the Wonderful
-Lamp, and Jack the Giant Killer.
-
-He learned the business, as nearly all boys must do in Wall Street, by
-absorption. If he asked questions he received replies, but no one
-volunteered any information for his guidance, and in self-defence he was
-forced to observe closely, to see how others did, and to remark what
-came of it. He heard nothing but _speculate! speculate!_ in one guise or
-another, many words for the same meaning. It was all buying or selling
-of stocks—a concentrated and almost visible hope of making much money in
-the twinkling of an eye. Nobody talked of anything else on the Exchange.
-Bosom friends met at the opening of business and did not say
-“Good-morning,” but plunged without preamble into the only subject on
-earth—speculation. And if one of them arrived late he inevitably
-inquired forthwith, “How’s the market?”—asked it eagerly, anxiously, as
-if fearful that the market had taken advantage of his absence to
-misconduct itself. The air was almost unbreathable for the innumerable
-“tips” to buy or sell securities and insecurities of all kinds. The
-brokers, the customers, the clerks, the Exchange door-keepers, all Wall
-Street read the morning papers, not to ascertain the news, but to pick
-such items as would, should, or might, have some effect on stock values.
-There was no god but the ticker, and the brokers were its prophets!
-
-All about Sally were hundreds of men who looked as if they took their
-thoughts home with them and dined with them and slept with them and
-dreamed of them—the look had become settled, immutable. And it was not a
-pleasant look, about the eyes and lips. He saw everywhere the
-feverishness of the “game.” Insensibly the atmosphere of the place
-affected him, colored his thoughts, induced certain fancies. As he
-became more familiar with the technique of the business he grew to
-believe, like thousands of youthful or superficial observers, that
-stock-market movements were comparable only to the gyrations of the
-little ivory ball about the roulette-wheel. The innumerable tricks of
-the trade, the uses of inside misinformation, the _rationale_ of
-stock-market manipulation, were a sealed book to him. He heard only that
-his eighteen-year-old neighbor made $60 buying twenty shares of Blue
-Belt Line on Thursday and selling them on Saturday, 3⅜ points higher; or
-that Micky Welch, Stuart & Stern’s telephone-boy, had a “tip” from one
-of the big room traders which he bravely “played”—as you “play” horse or
-“play” the red or the black—and cleared $125 in less than a week; or
-that Watson, a “two-dollar” broker, made a “nice turn” selling Southern
-Shore. Or else he heard, punctuated with poignant oaths, how Charlie
-Miller, one of the New Street door-keepers, lost $230 buying
-Pennsylvania Central, after he accidentally overheard Archie Chase, who
-was “Sam” Sharpe’s principal broker, tell a friend that the “Old Man”
-said “Pa. Cent.” was due for a ten-point rise; instead of which there
-had been a seven-point decline. Always the boy heard about the
-apparently irresponsible “bulges” and “drops,” of the winnings of the
-men who happened to guess correctly, or of the losses of those who had
-failed to “call the turn.” Even the vernacular of the place savored of
-the technicalities of a gambling-house.
-
-As time wore on the glamour of the game wore off; likewise his scruples.
-His employers and their customers—all gentlemanly, agreeable
-people—speculated every day, and nobody found fault with them. It was
-not a sin; it was a regular business. And so, whenever there was a “good
-thing,” he “chipped in” one dollar to a telephone-boys’ “pool” that
-later operated in a New Street bucket shop to the extent of ten shares.
-His means were small, his salary being only $8 a week; and very often he
-thought that if he only had a little more money he would speculate on a
-larger scale and profit proportionately. If each time he had bought one
-share he had held twenty instead, he figured that he would have made no
-less than $400 in three months.
-
-The time is ripe for other things when a boy begins to reason that way.
-Having no scruples against speculating, the problem with him became not,
-“Is it wrong to speculate?” but rather, “What shall I do to raise money
-for margin purposes?” It took nearly four months for him to arrive at
-this stage of mind. With many boys the question is asked and
-satisfactorily solved within three weeks. But Hayward was an
-exceptionally nice chap.
-
-Now, the position of telephone-boy is really important in that it
-requires not only a quick-witted but a trustworthy person to fill it. In
-the first place, the boy knows whether his firm is buying or selling
-certain stocks; he must exercise discrimination in the matter of
-awarding the orders, should the Board member of the firm happen to be
-unavailable when the boy receives the order. For example: International
-Pipe may be selling at 108. A man in Tracy & Middleton’s office, who has
-bought 500 shares of it at 104, wishes to “corral” his profits. He gives
-an order to the firm to sell the stock, let us say, “at the market,”
-that is, at the ruling market price. Tracy & Middleton immediately
-telephone over their private line to the Stock Exchange to their Board
-member to “sell 500 shares of International Pipe at the market.” The
-telephone-boy receives the message and “puts up” Mr. Middleton’s number,
-which means that on the multicolored, checkered strip on the frieze of
-the New Street wall, Mr. Middleton’s number, 611, appears by means of an
-electrical device. The moment Mr. Middleton sees that his number is
-“up,” he hastens to the telephone-booth to ascertain what is wanted.
-Now, if Mr. Middleton delays in answering his number the telephone-boy
-knows he is absent, and gives the order to a “two-dollar” broker, like
-Mr. Browning or Mr. Watson, who always hover about the booths looking
-for orders. He does the same if he knows that Mr. Middleton is very busy
-executing some other order, or if, in his judgment, the order calls for
-immediate execution. The two-dollar broker sells the 500 shares of
-International Pipe to Allen & Smith, and “gives up” Tracy & Middleton on
-the transaction, that is, he notifies the purchaser that he is acting
-for T. & M., and Allen & Smith must look to the latter firm—the real
-sellers—for the stock bought. For this service the broker employed by
-Tracy & Middleton receives the sum of $2 for each 100 shares, while
-Tracy & Middleton, of course, charge their customers the regular
-commission of one eighth of one per cent., or $12.50 per each hundred
-shares.
-
-Young Hayward attended to his business closely, and when Mr. Middleton
-was absent from the floor, or busy, he impartially distributed the
-firm’s telephoned buying or selling orders among the two-dollar brokers,
-for Tracy & Middleton did a very good commission business indeed. He was
-a nice-looking and nice-acting little chap, was Hayward—clean-faced,
-polite, and amiable. The brokers liked him, and they “remembered” him at
-Christmas. The best memory was possessed by “Joe” Jacobs, who gave him
-$25, and insinuated that he would like to do more of Tracy & Middleton’s
-business than he had been getting.
-
-“But,” said Sally, “the firm said I was to give the order to whichever
-broker I found first.”
-
-“Well,” said Jacobs, oleaginously, “I am never too busy to take orders
-from such a nice young fellow as yourself, if you take the trouble to
-find me; and I’ll do something nice for you. Look here,” in a whisper,
-“if you give me plenty of business, I’ll give you $5 a week.” And he
-dived into the mob that was yelling itself hoarse about the Gotham Gas
-post.
-
-Hayward’s first impulse was to tell his firm about it, because he felt
-vaguely that Jacobs would not have offered him $5 a week if he had not
-expected something dishonorable in return. Before the market closed,
-however, he spoke to Willie Simpson, MacDuff & Wilkinson’s boy, whose
-telephone was next to Tracy & Middleton’s. Sure enough, Willie expressed
-great indignation at Jacobs’s action.
-
-“It’s just like that old skunk,” said Willie. “Five dollars a week, when
-he can make $100 out of the firm. Don’t you do it, Sally. Why, Jim Burr,
-who had the place before you, used to get $20 a week from old man Grant
-and $50 a month from Wolff. You’ve got a cinch, if you only know how to
-work it. Why, they are supposed to give you fifty cents a hundred.”
-Willie had been in the business for two years, and he was a very
-well-dressed youth, indeed. Sally now understood how he managed it on a
-salary of $12 a week.
-
-He did not say anything to the firm that day, nor any other day. And he
-didn’t say anything to Jacobs in return, but, by Willie’s sage advice,
-contented himself with merely withholding all orders from that
-oleaginous personage, until Mr. Jacobs was moved to remonstrate. And
-Sally, who had learned a great deal in a week under Willie’s tuition,
-answered curtly: “Business is very bad; the firm is doing hardly
-anything.”
-
-“But Watson told me,” said Jacobs, angrily, “that he was doing a great
-deal of business for Tracy & Middleton. I want you to see that I get my
-share, or I’ll speak to Middleton and find out what the trouble is.”
-
-“Is that so?” said Sally, calmly. “You might also tell Mr. Middleton
-that you offered me $5 a week to give you the bulk of our business.”
-
-One of the most stringent laws of the Stock Exchange treats of
-“splitting” commissions. Any member who, in order to increase his
-business, charges an outsider or another member less than exactly the
-prescribed amount for buying or selling stocks, is liable to severe
-penalties. The offer of a two-dollar broker to give a telephone-boy
-fifty cents for each order of 100 shares secured was obviously a
-violation of the rule.
-
-Jacobs came down to business at once. “I’ll make it $8,” he said,
-conciliatingly.
-
-“Jim Burr, who had the position before me,” expostulated Sally,
-indignantly, “told me he received $25 a week from Mr. Grant, with an
-extra $10 thrown in from time to time, when Mr. Grant made some lucky
-turn, to say nothing of what the other men did for him.”
-
-Three months before he could not have made this speech had his life
-depended on it. The rapid development of his character was due
-exclusively to the “forcing” power of the atmosphere which surrounded
-him.
-
-“You must be crazy,” said Jacobs, angrily. “Why, I never get much more
-than a thousand shares a week from Tracy & Middleton, and usually less.
-Say, you ought to be on the floor. You are wasting your talent in the
-telephone business, you are. Let’s swap places, you and I.”
-
-“According to our books,” said Sally to the irate broker, having been
-duly coached by Mr. William Simpson, “the last week you did business for
-us you did 3,800 shares, and received $76.”
-
-“That was an exceptional week. I’ll make it $10,” said Jacobs.
-
-“Twenty-five,” whispered Sally, determinedly.
-
-“Let’s split the difference,” murmured Jacobs, wrathfully. “I’ll give
-you $15 a week, but you must see that I get at least 2,500 shares a
-week.”
-
-“All right. I’ll do the best I can for you, Mr. Jacobs.”
-
-And he did, for the other brokers gave him only twenty-five cents, or at
-the most fifty cents per hundred shares. In the course of a month or two
-Sally was in possession of an income of $40 a week. And he was only
-eighteen.
-
-
- II.
-
-Time-passed. As it had happened with his predecessor, so did it happen
-now with Sally. He began by speculating, wildly at first, more carefully
-later on. He met with sundry reverses, but he also made some very lucky
-turns indeed, and he was “ahead of the game” by a very fair
-amount—certainly a sum far greater than any plodding clerk could save in
-five years, greater than many an industrious mechanic saves in his
-entire life. From the bucket-shops he went to the Consolidated Exchange.
-Then he asked Jacobs and the other two-dollar brokers to let him deal in
-a small way with them, which they did out of personal liking for him,
-until he had three separate accounts and could “swing a line” of several
-hundred shares. He became neither more nor less than 10,000 other human
-beings in Wall Street—moved by the same impulses, actuated by the same
-feelings, experiencing the same emotions, having the same thoughts and
-the same views of what they are pleased to call their “business.”
-
-At last the blow fell which Sally had so long dreaded—he was “promoted”
-to a clerkship in Tracy & Middleton’s office. The firm meant to reward
-him for his devotion to his work, for his brightness and quickness. From
-$15 a week they raised his salary to $25, which they considered quite
-generous, especially in view of his youth, and that he had started three
-years before with $8. He was only twenty now. But Sally, knowing it
-meant the abandonment of his lucrative perquisites as telephone “boy,”
-bemoaned his undeserved fate.
-
-He took the money he had made to Mr. Tracy and told him an interesting
-story of a rich aunt and a legacy, and asked him to let him open an
-account in the office. Tracy congratulated his young clerk, took the
-$6,500, and thereafter Sally was both an employee and a customer of
-Tracy & Middleton.
-
-Addicted to sharp practices though Mr. Tracy was and loving commissions
-as he did, he nevertheless sought to curb Sally’s youthful propensity
-for “plunging,” which was as near being kind as it was possible for a
-stock-broker to be. But the money had “come easy.” That is why fortunes
-won by stock gamblers are lost with apparent recklessness or stupidity.
-Sally speculated with varying success, running up his winnings to
-$10,000, and seeing them dwindle later to $6,000. But in addition to
-becoming an inveterate speculator, he gained much valuable experience.
-And when he had learned the tricks of the trade he was taken from the
-ledgers and turned loose in the customers’ room, to take the latter’s
-orders and keep them in good humor and tell them the current stories,
-and give them impressively whispered “tips,” and “put them into” various
-“deals” of the firm, and see that they traded as often as possible,
-which meant commissions for the firm. He became friendly and even
-familiar with Tracy & Middleton’s clients, among whom were some very
-wealthy men, for a stock-broker’s office is a democratic place. Men who
-would not have dreamed of taking their Wall Street acquaintances to
-their homes or to their clubs for a million reasons, all but called each
-other by their first names there.
-
-He really was a bright, amiable fellow, very obliging—he was paid for it
-by the firm—and he made the most of his opportunities. The customers
-grew to like him exceedingly well, and to think with respect of his
-judgment, market-wise. One day W. Basil Thornton, one of the wealthiest
-and boldest customers of the firm, complained of the difficulty of
-“beating the game” with the heavy handicap of the large brokerage
-commission.
-
-Jestingly, yet hoping to be taken seriously, Sally said: “Join the New
-York Stock Exchange or buy me a seat, and form the firm of Thornton &
-Hayward. Just think, Colonel, we would have your trade, and you could
-bring some friends, and I could bring mine, and I think many of
-these”—pointing to Tracy & Middleton’s customers—“would come over to us.
-They all think a lot,” diplomatically, “of your opinions on the market.”
-
-Thornton was favorably impressed with the idea, and Sally saw it. From
-that moment on he worked hard to gain the Colonel’s confidence. It was
-he who gave Thornton the first hint of Tracy & Middleton’s condition,
-which led to the withdrawal of Thornton’s account—and his own—from the
-office. It was a violation of confidence and of business ethics, but
-Thornton was very grateful when, two months later, Tracy & Middleton
-failed, under circumstances which were far from creditable, and which
-were discussed at great length by the Street. He showed his gratitude by
-adding a round sum to Sally’s $11,500, and Willis N. Hayward became a
-member of the New York Stock Exchange. Shortly afterward the firm of
-Thornton & Hayward, Bankers and Brokers, was formed. Sally, then in his
-twenty-fifth year, had become a seasoned Wall Street man.
-
-
- III.
-
-From the start the new firm did well. Colonel Thornton and two or three
-friends who followed him from Tracy & Middleton’s office, all of them
-“plungers,” were almost enough to keep Hayward busy on the Exchange
-executing orders, and, moreover, new customers were coming in. Had he
-been satisfied with this start, and with letting time do the rest, he
-would have fared very well. But he began to speculate for himself, and
-all reputable commission men will tell you, with varying degrees of
-emphasis, that this not only “ties up” the firm’s money, but that no man
-can “trade”—speculate—on his own hook and at the same time do justice to
-his customers.
-
-Thornton was a rich man, and protected his own speculations more than
-amply. He noticed the development of his young partner’s gambling
-proclivities, and remonstrated with him—in a kindly, paternal sort of
-way.
-
-Sally vowed he would stop.
-
-Within less than three months he had broken his promise twice, and his
-unsuccessful operations in Alabama Coal at one time threatened seriously
-to embarrass the firm.
-
-Colonel Thornton came to the rescue.
-
-Sally promised, with a solemnity born of sincere fear, never to do it
-again.
-
-But fright lasts but a little space, and memory is equally short-lived.
-Wall Street has no room for men with an excess of timidity or of
-recollection. He had gambled before he joined the New York Stock
-Exchange. After all, if speculating were a crime and convictions could
-be secured in fifty out of a hundred flagrant instances, one half the
-male population of the United States would perforce consist of
-penitentiary guards forever engaged in watching over the convicted other
-half, Sally told a customer one day.
-
-And then, too, Willis N. Hayward, the Board member of Thornton &
-Hayward, was a very different person from Sally, the nice little
-telephone-boy of Tracy & Middleton’s. His cheeks were not pink; they
-were mottled. His eyes were not clear and ingenuous; they were shifty
-and a bit watery. He had been in Wall Street eight or ten years, and he
-overworked his nerves every day from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M. on the Stock
-Exchange; also from 5 P.M. to midnight at the café of a big up-town
-hotel, where Wall Street men gathered to talk shop. His system craved
-stimulants; gambling and liquor were the strongest he knew.
-
-When, after three years, the firm expired by limitation, Colonel
-Thornton withdrew. He had had enough of Hayward’s plunging. To be sure,
-Sally had become a shrewd “trader,” and he had made $75,000 during the
-big bull boom; but he was at heart a “trader,” which is to say, a mere
-gambler in stocks, and not a desirable commission man.
-
-But Sally, flushed with success on the bull side, did not worry when
-Thornton refused to continue the partnership. The slogan was “Buy A. O.
-T. It’s sure to go up!” the initial standing for _Any Old Thing_! The
-most prosperous period in the industrial and commercial history of the
-United States begot an epidemic of speculative madness such as was never
-before known, and probably never again will be. Everybody had money in
-abundance, and the desire for speculation in superabundance. Sally
-formed a new firm immediately—Hayward & Co.—with his cashier as partner.
-
-
- IV.
-
-All mundane things have an end, even bull markets and bear markets. The
-bull market saw Hayward & Co. doing a good business, as did everybody
-else in Wall Street. It ended, and the firm’s customers, after a few bad
-“slumps” in prices, were admonished to turn bears in order to recoup
-their losses. Bears believe prices are too high and should go lower;
-bulls, optimists, believe the opposite. The public can’t sell stocks
-“short” any more than the average man is left-handed. These customers
-were no exception, so they did nothing.
-
-Hayward had “overstayed” the bull market, though not disastrously; that
-is, he was in error regarding the extent and duration of the upward
-movement of prices. He proceeded to fall into a similar error on the
-bear, or downward, side. The market had been extremely dull following
-what the financial writers called a “severe decline,” but which meant
-the loss of millions of dollars by speculators. A panic had been
-narrowly averted by a timely combination of “powerful interests,” after
-which the market became professional. In the absence of complaisant
-lambs, the financial cannibals known as “room traders” and “pikers”
-tried to “scalp eighths” out of each other for weeks—to take advantage
-of fractional fluctuations instead of waiting for big movements.
-Hayward’s customers, like everybody else’s customers, were not
-speculating. So he used their money to protect his own speculations.
-Office expenses were numerous and heavy, and commissions few and light.
-
-Hayward was very bearish. He had sold stocks, sharing the belief of the
-majority of his fellows, that the lowest prices had not been reached. As
-a result he was heavily “short,” and he could not “cover” at a profit,
-because prices had advanced very slowly, but very steadily.
-
-One day a big gambler in Chicago, bolder or keener than his Eastern
-brethren, thought the time was ripe for a “bull” or upward movement in
-general, and particularly in Consolidated Steel Rod Company’s stock. He
-was the chairman of the board of directors. Mr. William G. Dorr decided
-upon a plan whereby the stock would be made attractive to that class of
-speculative investors, so to speak, who liked to buy stocks making
-generous disbursements of profits to their holders. Mr. Dorr’s plan was
-kept a secret. The first step consisted of sending in large buying
-orders, handled by prominent brokers, and synchronously the publication,
-in the daily press, of various items, all reciting the wonderful
-prosperity of the Consolidated Steel Rod Company and its phenomenal
-earnings; also the unutterable cheapness of the stock at the prevailing
-price. Mr. Dorr and associates, of course, had previously taken
-advantage of the big “slump” or fall in values to buy back at 35 the
-same stock they had sold to the public some weeks before at 70. Having
-acquired this cheap stock, they “manipulated”—by means of further
-purchase—the price so that they could sell out at a profit.
-
-It so happened, however, that once before dividend rumors about “Con.
-Steel Rod” had been disseminated, with the connivance of Dorr, and they
-had not come true, to the great detriment of credulous buyers and the
-greater profit of the insiders, who were “short” of the stock “up to
-their necks”—a typical bit of stock-jobbing whereat other and more
-artistic stock-jobbers had expressed the greatest indignation. Instead
-of putting the stock on a dividend-paying basis, the directors had
-decided—at the last hour—that it would not be conservative to do so,
-whereupon the stock had “broken” seventeen points. The lambs lost
-hundreds of thousands of dollars; the insiders gained as much. It was a
-“nice turn.”
-
-Hayward remembered this, and when the stock, after several days of
-conspicuous activity and steady advances, rose to 52, he promptly sold
-“short” 5,000 shares—believing that the barefaced manipulation would not
-raise the stock much above that figure, and that before long it must
-decline. Only a month previously it had sold at 35 and nobody wanted any
-of it. He was all the more decided in his opinion that the “top” had
-been reached by prices, because Mr. Dorr, in a Chicago paper, had stated
-that the stockholders would probably receive an entire year’s dividend
-at one fell swoop by reason of the unexampled prosperity in the steel
-rod trade. Such an action was unprecedented. It had been talked about at
-various times in connection with other stocks, but it had never come
-true. Why should it come true in this instance?
-
-Hayward, familiar with Dorr’s record, promptly “coppered” his “tip” to
-buy, banking on Dorr’s consistent mendacity. But Mr. William G. Dorr,
-shrewdest and boldest of all Western stock gamblers, fooled everybody—he
-actually told the truth. That week the directors did exactly as he had
-predicted. When a speculator of his calibre lies he fools only one
-half—the foolish half—of the Street. When he tells the truth he deceives
-everybody. Before Wall Street could recover from the shock the price of
-the stock was up 5 points, which meant that Hayward was out $25,000 on
-that deal alone. But, in addition, the general list was carried upward
-sympathetically. The semi-paralyzed bulls regained confidence as they
-saw the successful outcome of the Chicago gambler’s manœuvres in
-Consolidated Steel Rod. Money rates and bear hopes fell; stock values
-and bull courage rose! Hayward began “covering” Steel Rod. He “bought
-in” 5,000 shares, and after he finished he had lost $26,750 by the deal.
-He was still “short” about 12,000 shares of other stocks, on which his
-“paper” losses, at the last quoted prices, were over $35,000; but if he
-tried to buy back such a large amount of stock in a market so sensitive
-to any kind of bull impetus, he would send prices upward in a jiffy,
-increasing his own losses very materially.
-
-He went to his office that morning in a tremor. He consulted the
-cashier, and found he had only $52,000 at the bank, of which two thirds
-belonged to his customers. He was already, morally speaking, an
-embezzler. He was ruined if he didn’t cover, and he was ruined if he
-did. His “seat” on the Stock Exchange was worth possibly $40,000, not a
-cent more; and as he personally owed his out-of-town correspondents
-nearly $38,000, he could not avoid being hopelessly ruined. Moreover,
-his bankruptcy would not be an “honest” failure, for, as he told himself
-bitterly, after the harm was done, “I had no business to speculate on my
-own hook with other people’s money.”
-
-He had felt it rather than had seen it coming, for, gambler-like, he had
-closed his eyes and had buried his head in the sand of hope, trusting in
-luck to protect him from punishment. But now he was face to face with
-the question that every gambler dreads: “If I stood to lose all, how
-desperate a risk would I take in order to get it back?” The answer is
-usually so appallingly thief-like that the numerous Haywards of the
-Stock Exchange and the Board of Trade forthwith stop thinking with a
-suddenness that does credit to the remnants of their honesty. But it
-haunts them, does the ominous question and the commenced but unfinished
-answer.
-
-As he left his office to go to the “Board Room” he put to himself the
-fateful query. But he would not let himself answer it until he had
-stopped at “Fred’s,” the official barroom of the Stock Exchange, and had
-taken a stiff drink of raw whiskey. Then the answer came.
-
-He was ruined anyhow. If he failed without further ado, that is, without
-increasing his liabilities, he would be cursed by twenty-five of his
-customers and by fifteen of his fellow-brokers who were “lending” stocks
-to him. But if he made one last desperate effort, he might pull out of
-the hole; or, at the worst, why, the number of cursing customers would
-remain the same, but the fellow-brokers would rise to twenty or thirty.
-
-He took another stiff drink. The market had become undoubtedly a bull
-market. The bears had been fighting the advance, and there still
-remained a stubborn short interest in certain stocks, as, for example,
-in American Sugar Company stock. Now if that short interest could be
-stampeded it might mean an eight or ten-point advance. If he bought
-10,000 or 15,000 shares and sold them at an average profit of four or
-five points, he would put off the disaster, and if he made ten points he
-would be a great operator. He had, to be sure, no business to buy even
-1,000 shares of Sugar; but then he had no business to be on the verge of
-bankruptcy.
-
-The liquor was potent. Sally said to himself, aggrievedly: “I might as
-well be hung for a flock as for one measly old mutton.”
-
-He walked a trifle unsteadily from “Fred’s” across the narrow asphalted
-New Street to the Stock Exchange. He paused at the entrance. There was
-no escape. Unless he could make a lucky strike, he would fail
-ignominiously.
-
-“Pike’s Peak or bust!” he muttered to himself, and walked into the big
-room.
-
-“Good-morning, Mr. Hayward,” said the doorkeeper. Hayward nodded
-absently, caught himself repeating, “Pike’s Peak or bust!” and walked
-straight toward the Sugar post.
-
-He began to bid for stock. One thousand shares at 116; he got it.
-Another thousand; it was forthcoming at 116⅛. A third thousand; somebody
-was glad to sell it at 116½. So far, so bad. Then he bid 117 for 2,500
-shares, and it was promptly sold. But when he bid “117 for any part of
-5,000!” the crowd hesitated; the brokers were not altogether sure
-Hayward was “good for it”; his ability to pay for the stock was not
-undoubted. So Sally, taking advantage of the hesitation, bid 117¼ and
-117½ for 5,000 Sugar, at which price “Billy” Thatcher, a two-dollar
-broker, sold it to him. It made 10,500 shares Hayward had bought, and
-the stock had risen only 1½ points. The shorts were not frightened a wee
-bit. But Sally was. He rushed out of the crowd to his telephone and made
-a pretence of “reporting” the transactions to his office, as he would
-have done had they been _bona fide_ purchases. He was followed by a
-hundred sharply curious—and curiously sharp—eyes. They saw him hold the
-telephone receiver to his ear with an expression of great interest, as
-if he were listening to an important message. But the only message he
-heard was that of his heart-beats, that seemed to say, almost
-articulately: “You have played and you have lost; you have played and
-you have lost. Therefore, you are that much worse off than before. You
-must play again—_and not lose_!”
-
-He left his telephone and rushed back to the Sugar crowd. He was less
-excited, less like a drunken man; his face was no longer flushed, but
-pale. And anon there flashed upon him, as if in candent letters, the
-words _Pike’s Peak or bust_! But _Pike’s Peak_ glowed dully, feebly,
-while the alternative was of a lurid splendor. And he blinked his eyes
-and made a curious impatient motion with his hand, as one waves away an
-annoying insect.
-
-He gave an order for 5,000 Sugar to his friend, Newton Hartley.
-
-“Is this for yourself, Sally?” asked Hartley.
-
-“No. It’s for one of the biggest men in the Street, Newt. It’s all
-right. Absolutely O. K.”
-
-And thus reassured, Hartley bought the stock. The price was 118. The
-seller would hold Hartley responsible for the purchase money if Hayward
-“laid down”—refused to pay.
-
-Sally wiped his forehead twice, quite unnecessarily. The shorts were not
-stampeding. Any attempt to sell out the 15,000 shares he had bought
-would result only in depressing the price, five points at least. It was
-worse than bad, the outlook for him.
-
-He gave another order to buy 5,000 shares to “Billy” Lansing, an old and
-reliable two-dollar broker, but Lansing declined it. He tried another,
-but the order was not accepted. They mistrusted him; but he could not
-even bluster, for they excused themselves on the ground of having
-important orders elsewhere. So he had recourse to another personal
-friend—J. G. Thompson.
-
-“Joe, buy 5,000 Sugar.”
-
-“Are you sober?” said Thompson, seriously.
-
-“See for yourself,” answered Sally, laughingly. He had nerve. “Old man,
-I’ve got a very big order from one of the biggest men in the Street.
-Some important developments are going on.”
-
-“Sally, are you sure you’ve got an order from some one else?” asked the
-unconvinced broker. His incredulity was obviously in the nature of an
-insult, but it was pardonable, for there was too much at stake.
-
-“Joe, come over to the office and I’ll show you.—Really, I can’t tell
-you. But I can advise you, as a friend, to buy Sugar for all you are
-worth.” And as he uttered the lie he looked straight into Thompson’s
-eyes.
-
-“Hayward, are you sure? Are you sure you’re not making a mistake?” He
-wanted the commission of $100, but he did not feel certain of his
-friend.
-
-“Oh, hell, no. I’ve got a lot more to buy. It’s all right. Go ahead,
-Joe.”
-
-And Joe went ahead. He bought the 5,000 shares. The stock rose to 119½,
-and Hayward, warned by his experience with Hartley and Thompson, did not
-ask either friend or foe to buy another 5,000 shares for him. What he
-did was to distribute buying orders for 10,000 shares in lots of 500.
-Brokers now accepted his orders, for they were not so large as to be
-dangerous. And the stock rose to 122¾. A few shorts were frightened. He
-might win out after all; he might make Pike’s Peak. He began to bid up
-the stock. He even bought “cash” stock, that is, stock for which he paid
-cash, had to pay cash outright, receiving the certificates forthwith,
-presumably to hand over to some investor of millions. Everybody on the
-“floor” was talking about Hayward. The entire market had risen in
-sympathy with Sugar.
-
-But at 124 it seemed as if the entire capital stock was for sale. He
-ceased buying. He had accumulated 38,000 shares. To pay for the stock
-necessitated about six and one-half millions! But if he could unload on
-an average of only 122 he might “come out even” in his other troubles.
-
-He gave an order to sell 10,000 shares to a broker to whom he had always
-been a good friend. It was a fatal mistake. The broker, Louis W.
-Wechsler, had previously sold 1,000 shares to Hayward for “cash” at 122.
-He suspected what was coming, and declining the order, he himself went
-to Hayward’s office and asked for a check. The cashier sought to put him
-off with excuses, and Wechsler now being certain of the true state of
-affairs, returned to the Board and began to sell Sugar short for his own
-account. If a crash came he would make instead of losing it. Hayward was
-sure to be ruined, and Wechsler told himself sophistically that he was
-only profiting by the inevitable. In the meantime Sally had sold the
-10,000 shares through another broker, and the price had declined to
-121¾. But Wechsler’s 5,000 shares put it down to 120½. And somebody else
-sold more, and the shorts recovered from their fright, and the fatal
-hour was approaching when Hayward would have to settle. Pike’s Peak or
-bust! He did, indeed, need a veritable Pike’s Peak of dollars to pay for
-the 28,000 Sugar he had on hand. So he busted.
-
-He threw up his hands. He acknowledged defeat to himself. The tension
-was over. He was no longer excited, but cool, almost cynical. On one of
-the little slips of paper on which brokers jot down memoranda of their
-transactions he scribbled a message in lead pencil. It was his last
-official lie, and would cost Hartley and Thompson and other friends, as
-well as his customers, many thousands of dollars. It was as follows:
-
-“Owing to the refusal of their bank to extend the usual facilities to
-them, Hayward & Co. are compelled to announce their suspension.”
-
-“Boy!” he yelled. And he gave the bit of paper to one of the Exchange
-messenger boys in gray. “Take this to the Chairman.”
-
-And he walked slowly, almost swaggeringly, out of the New York Stock
-Exchange—for the last time—as the Chairman pounded with his gavel until
-the usual crowd gathered about the rostrum, and listened to the
-announcement of the failure of “Sally” Hayward, who began as a nice
-little telephone-boy and ended as a stock-gambler.
-
-
-
-
- A THEOLOGICAL TIPSTER
-
-
-At first Wall Street thought that Silas Shaw’s “religiousness” was an
-affectation. What purpose the Old Man desired to serve by the calculated
-notoriety of his church affiliations no one could tell. It is true that
-many ingenious theories were advanced, some going so far as to hint at
-repentance. But deep in the hearts of his fellow-brokers, and of his
-friends and his victims alike, was the belief that old Shaw, in some not
-generally known way, made practical use of his ostentatious enthusiasm
-for things churchly as politicians resort to more or less obvious
-devices to “capture the German vote” or to “please the Irish element.”
-
-One day, after a series of skirmishes and a final pitched battle in
-“South Shore” between the Old Man and the bears, when the pelts of the
-latter, after the capitulation, added nearly a half million to the old
-fellow’s bank account, certain luminaries of the Methodist Episcopal
-Church were called into consultation. Silas Shaw had long thought about
-it; and now there was much conferring and more or less arid and
-misplaced sermonizing by the theologians and much soothing talk by the
-Old Man’s lawyers; and more Methodist clergymen and more lawyers and
-more talk; and then a real estate agent and an architect and a leading
-banker and, at last, just one check from the Old Man.
-
-The next day the newspapers announced that the Shaw Theological Seminary
-had been founded and endowed by Mr. Silas Shaw. But even after the Old
-Man had devoted his ursine spoils to this praiseworthy object, Wall
-Street continued skeptical.
-
-And, yet, Wall Street made a mistake—as it often does in its judgment of
-its leaders. Silas Shaw really had a soft spot in his tape-wound and
-ticker-dented old heart for all things ecclesiastical. Next to being a
-power in the Street he loved to be regarded as one of the pillars of his
-church. He heard with pleasure, of week days, the wakeful _staccato_
-sound of the ticker; but on Sundays he certainly enjoyed the soothing
-cadences of familiar hymns. And if more than one hardened broker
-expressed picturesque but unreproducible opinions of the old man, so
-also more than one enthusiastic young minister could tell pleasant
-stories of how the old stock gambler received him and responded to the
-fervent appeal for the funds wherewith many a little backwoods church
-was built.
-
-Shaw’s generosity was so notorious among the church people that the
-Reverend Doctor Ramsdell, pastor of the Steenth Street Methodist
-Episcopal Church and a trustee of the Shaw Theological Seminary, felt no
-embarrassment in applying to him for assistance. It was not Shaw’s
-church, but in Dr. Ramsdell’s charge there were one or two bankers well
-known in Wall Street and several members of the New York Stock Exchange.
-It seemed particularly fitting to the Rev. Dr. Ramsdell that the name of
-Silas Shaw, followed by a few figures, should head a subscription list.
-It was desired to erect a Protestant Chapel in Oruro, Bolivia—the most
-uncivilized of all the South American “republics.”
-
-“Good-morning, Brother Shaw; I trust you are well.”
-
-“Tolerable, tolerable, thank’ee kindly,” replied the sturdy old gambler.
-“What brings you down to this sinful section? Doing some missionary
-work, eh? I wish you’d begin among those da—er—dandy young bears.”
-
-“Ah, yes,” said the Rev. Dr. Ramsdell, eagerly. “It is precisely _à
-propos_ of missionary work.” And he told Silas Shaw all about the plan
-for carrying the light into Bolivia by building the only Protestant
-chapel in Oruro, where it was incredibly tenebrous—worse than darkest
-Africa. The reverend doctor hoped, nay, he knew, in view of Brother
-Shaw’s well-known devotion to the glorious work of redeeming their
-benighted Bolivian brethren, that he could count upon him, etc.; and the
-subscription list——
-
-“My dear Dr. Ramsdell,” interrupted Shaw, “I never sign subscription
-lists. When I give, I give; and I don’t want everybody to know how much
-I’ve given.”
-
-“Well, Brother Shaw, you need not sign your name. I’ll put you down as
-X. Y. Z.,” he smiled encouragingly.
-
-“No, no; don’t put me down at all.”
-
-The good doctor looked so surprised and so woebegone that Shaw laughed.
-
-“Cheer up, Doctor. I tell you what I’ll do; I’ll buy some Erie for you.
-Yes, sirree; that’s the best thing I can do. What do you say to that?”
-And he looked at the doctor, triumphantly.
-
-“Ahem!—I am not—are you sure it will prove a—ahem!—a desirable
-investment? You see, I do not—ah—know much about Wall Street.”
-
-“Neither do I. And the older I grow the less I know.”
-
-The reverend doctor ventured a tentative smile of semi-incredulity.
-
-“That’s right, Doctor. But we’ll make something for you. The blooming, I
-mean, benighted Bohemians——”
-
-“Ahem!—Bolivians, Brother Shaw.”
-
-“I meant Bolivians. They must have a chance for their souls. John,” to a
-clerk; “buy 500 shares of Erie at the market.”
-
-“Yes, sir,” said John, disappearing into the telephone booth. To buy,
-“at the market” meant to buy at the prevailing or market price.
-
-“Brother Shaw, I am extremely grateful to you. This matter is very close
-to my heart, I assure you. And—ah—will—when will I know if
-the—ah—investment turns out profitably?”
-
-“Oh, have no fears on that score. We shall make the stock market
-contribute to your missionary fund. All you’ll have to do is to look on
-the financial page of your paper every evening and keep posted.”
-
-“I fear, Brother Shaw,” said Dr. Ramsdell, deprecatingly, “that I shall
-have no little trouble in—ah—keeping posted.”
-
-“Not at all. See, here,” and he took up his paper and turned to the
-stock tables. “Draw up your chair, Doctor. You see, here is Erie.
-Yesterday, on transactions of 18,230 shares, Erie Railroad stock sold as
-high as 64¾ and as low as 63¼, the last or closing sale being at 64½.
-The numbers mean dollars per share. It was very strong. Haven’t you got
-a report on that 500 Erie yet, John?”
-
-“Yes, sir,” said John. “Sixty-five and one-eighth.”
-
-“You see, Doctor, the stock is still going up. Well, every day when you
-look on the table you will see at what price Erie stock is selling. If
-it is more than 65⅛, why, that will show you are making money. Every
-point up, that is, every unit, will mean that your missionary fund is
-$500 richer.”
-
-“And—Brother Shaw—ahem!—if it should be—ah—less?”
-
-“What’s the use of thinking such things, Dr. Ramsdell? All you have to
-remember is that I am going to make some money for you; and that I paid
-65⅛ for the stock I bought.”
-
-“You really think——”
-
-“Have no fears, Doctor. You understand, of course, that it is well not
-to give such matters undue publicity.”
-
-“Of course, of course,” assented the doctor. “I understand.” But he did
-not.
-
-“Nothing more, Doctor?”
-
-“No; I thank you very much, Brother Shaw. I—er—most sincerely hope
-my—ah—your—I should say—ah—our investment, may result in—ah—favorably
-for our Bolivian Missionary Fund. Thanks very much.”
-
-“Don’t mention it, Doctor. And don’t you worry. We will come out O.K.
-You’ll hear from me in a week or two. Good-morning.”
-
-The reverend doctor went across the Street to the office of one of his
-parishioners, Walter H. Cranston, a stock broker.
-
-Mr. Cranston was bemoaning the appalling lack of business and making up
-his mind about certain Delphic advice he contemplated giving his timid
-customers, in order to make them “trade,” which would mean commissions,
-when Dr. Ramsdell’s card was brought.
-
-“Confound him, what does he want to come around, bothering a man at his
-business for?” he thought. But he said: “Show him in, William.”
-
-“Good-morning, Brother Cranston.”
-
-“Why, good-morning, Dr. Ramsdell. To what do I owe this unexpected
-pleasure?”
-
-“I’ve called to see you about our Missionary Fund. You know I take a
-great deal of interest in it. We desire to build a chapel in Bolivia,
-where the light is needed, Brother Cranston, as much as in China, I
-assure you. And it is so much nearer home.”
-
-“Doctor, I really—” began Cranston, with an injured air.
-
-“I want your valuable autograph to head the subscription list,” said the
-clergyman with an air he endeavored to make arch and playful. “Don’t
-refuse me.”
-
-“Why don’t you try some well-known person?” said Cranston, modestly.
-
-“To tell you the truth, Brother Cranston, I did try Silas Shaw.” And he
-added, hastily, “Not but that you are sufficiently well-known for my
-purpose.”
-
-“What did the old ras—the Old Man say?”
-
-“He said he never signed subscription lists.”
-
-“Didn’t he give you anything at all?”
-
-“Oh, yes; he—er—he did something for me.” The doctor’s face assumed a
-portentous air.
-
-Cranston’s eyes brightened. “What was that?” he said.
-
-“Well,” said the clergyman, hesitatingly, “he said we would come out
-O.K. Those are his own words, Brother Cranston.”
-
-“Yes?” Cranston’s face did not look promising for Bolivian
-enlightenment.
-
-“Yes. He—er—told me he would make the stock market contribute to the
-fund.”
-
-“Indeed!” Cranston showed a lively interest.
-
-“Yes. I suppose since you are in the same business, there is no harm in
-telling you that he bought some stock for me. Five hundred shares, it
-was. Do you think, Brother Cranston, that that—er—that will mean much?
-You see, I have the fund very close to my heart; that is why I ask.”
-
-“It depends,” said Cranston, very carelessly, “upon what stock he bought
-for you.”
-
-“It was Erie Railroad stock.”
-
-“Of course, Dr. Ramsdell, your profits will depend upon the price you
-paid.” This also in a tone of utter indifference.
-
-“It was Brother Shaw who paid. The price was 65⅛.”
-
-“Aha!” said Cranston. “So the Old Man is bullish on Erie, is he?”
-
-“I do not know what you mean, but I know he told me I should read the
-paper every day and see how much above 65⅛ the price went; and that I
-would surely hear from him.”
-
-“I sincerely hope you will, Doctor. Let me see, will $100 do? Very well,
-I’ll make out a check for you. Here it is. And now, Doctor, will you
-excuse me? We are very busy, indeed. Good-morning, Dr. Ramsdell. Call
-again any time you happen to be down this way.” And he almost pushed the
-good man out of the office in his eagerness to be rid of him.
-
-No sooner had the ground-glass door closed on the Rev. Dr. Ramsdell than
-Cranston rushed to the telephone and put in an order to buy 1,000 shares
-of Erie at the best possible price. By doing this before he notified his
-friends he proved that he himself firmly believed in Erie; also, he
-bought his stock ahead of theirs and thereby, in all likelihood, bought
-it cheaper. He then rushed into the customers’ room and yelled: “Hi,
-there! Everybody get aboard Erie! Silas Shaw is bullish as Old Nick on
-it. I get this absolutely straight. I’ve thought all along the old
-rascal was quietly picking it up. It’s his movement and no mistake.
-There ought to be ten points in it if you buy now.”
-
-The firm of Cranston & Melville bought in all, that day, for themselves
-and their customers, 6,200 shares of Erie, doing as much as anyone else
-to advance the price to 66½.
-
-All that week the reverend doctor was busy collecting subscriptions for
-the Bolivian Missionary Fund. He was a good soul and an enthusiast on
-the subject of that particular subscription list.
-
-So, he told his parishioners how Brother Cranston had given $100 and
-Brother Baker, another Wall Street man, $250, and Brother Shaw had
-promised—he told this with an amused smile, as if at the incongruity of
-it—to make the stock market contribute to the fund! Brother Shaw had
-done this by buying some stock for him and had assured him, in his
-picturesque way, that it would come out O.K. in a week or two. Everybody
-to whom he told that fact developed curiosity regarding the name of the
-stock itself. They showed it in divers ways, according to their various
-temperaments. And as he had told some he felt that he should not
-discriminate against others; so, he told to all, impartially, the name
-of the stock. It would not harm Brother Shaw, he supposed—and he
-supposed rightly. He experienced, in a gentle, benevolent,
-half-unconscious sort of way, something akin to the great Wall Street
-delight—that of “giving a straight tip” to appreciative friends. The
-Bolivian Missionary Fund grew even beyond the good man’s optimistic
-expectations.
-
-But a strange, a very strange thing happened: Erie stock, according to
-the doctor’s daily perusal of the dry financial pages, had been
-fluctuating between 65 and 67. On the following Tuesday, to his intense
-surprise, the stock table recorded: “Highest, 65¾; lowest, 62; last,
-62⅝.” On Wednesday the table read: “Highest, 62½; lowest, 58; last 58.”
-On Thursday, there was a ray of hope—the stock sold as high as 60 and
-closed at 59½. But on Friday there was a bad break and Erie touched 54⅛,
-just 11⅛ points below what the Bolivian Missionary Fund’s stock had
-cost. And, on Saturday, the stock declined to 50, closing at 51¼.
-
-That Sunday the Reverend Doctor Henry W. Ramsdell preached to the
-gloomiest congregation in Gotham. Wherever he turned his gaze he met
-reproachful looks—accusing eyes, full of bitterness or of anger or of
-sadness. An exception was Mr. Silas Shaw, who had come, as he often did,
-to hear his friend, Dr. Ramsdell, preach. His eyes beamed benignantly on
-the pastor throughout the long sermon. He looked as if he felt, Dr.
-Ramsdell thought, inexplicably contented. Had he forgotten his
-promise—the promise from which benighted Bolivia expected so much?
-
-The two men met after the service. Dr. Ramsdell’s manner was
-constrained; Mr. Shaw’s affable.
-
-“Good-morning, Doctor,” said the grizzled old operator. “I’ve carried a
-small piece of paper in my pocket for some days, in the hope of meeting
-you. Here it is.” And he handed a check for $5,000 to the clergyman.
-
-“Why—er—I—er—I—didn’t—the stock—er—go down?”
-
-“Sure!”
-
-“How is it then that——”
-
-“Oh, that’s all right. It came out just as I expected. That’s why you
-get the check.”
-
-“But—ahem!—didn’t you buy 500 shares for me?”
-
-“Yes; but after you left I sold 10,000 shares between 65 and 67. Your
-congregation, Doctor, developed a remarkable bullishness on Erie.” He
-chuckled gleefully. “It was to them that I sold the stock!”
-
-“But my—ahem!—impression was that you said the stock would go up.”
-
-“Oh, no. I never said that. I merely told you we’d come out O.K. And I
-guess we have.” He laughed joyously. “It’s all right, Doctor; those
-pesky Bolivians will be enlightened, you bet.”
-
-“But,” said the doctor, with a very red face, fingering the check,
-hesitatingly, “I don’t know whether to accept it or not.”
-
-“Oh, you’re not robbing me,” the old stock gambler assured him, gaily.
-“I made out quite well; quite well, thank you.”
-
-“I—I—mean—” stammered the clergyman, “I don’t know whether it is right
-to——”
-
-Shaw frowned. “Put that check in your pocket,” he said, sharply. “You
-earned it.”
-
-
- THE END
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
- RECENT
- PUBLICATIONS
- _of_
- McClure, Phillips & Co.
- ❦
-
-
- _New York_
- 1901–1902
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
- _Anthony Hope’s New Novel_
-
- TRISTRAM OF BLENT
-
-It is always a question what Anthony Hope will do next. From a dashing
-romance of an imaginary kingdom to drawing-room repartee is a leap which
-this versatile writer performs with the greatest ease. In his “Tristram
-of Blent” he has made a new departure, demonstrating his ability to
-depict character by some exceedingly delicate and skillful delineation.
-The plot is unique, and is based upon the difference of time of the
-Russian and English calendars, by which a marriage, a birth, and the
-ownership of lands and name are in turn affected, producing
-complications which hurry the reader on in search of the satisfactory
-solution which awaits him. The Tristrams are characters of strong
-individualities, of eccentricities likewise. These, coloring all their
-acts, leave the reader in doubt as to the issue; yet it is a logical
-story through and through, events following events in carefully planned
-sequence. A work of undoubted originality based on modern conditions,
-“Tristram of Blent” proves that the author does not need an ideal
-kingdom to write a thrilling romance. (12mo, $1.50.)
-
-
- IRISH PASTORALS
-
- _By Shan F. Bullock_
-
-“Irish Pastorals” is a collection of character sketches of the soil—of
-the Irish soil—by one who has lived long and closely among the laboring,
-farming peasantry of Ireland. It is not, however, a dreary recital of
-long days of toil with scanty food and no recreation, but it depicts
-within a life more strenuous than one can easily realize, abundant
-elements of keen native wit and irrepressible good nature. The book will
-give many American readers a new conception of Irish pastoral life, and
-a fuller appreciation of the conditions which go to form the strength
-and gentleness of the Irish character. (12mo, $1.50.)
-
-
- THE WESTERNERS
-
- _By Stewart Edward White_
-
-When the Black Hills were discovered to be rich in valuable ores, there
-began that heterogeneous influx of human beings which always follows
-new-found wealth. In this land and in this period, Stewart Edward White
-has laid the setting of “The Westerners,” a story which is full of
-excitement, beauty, pathos and humor. A young girl, growing to womanhood
-in a rough mining camp, is one of the central figures of the plot. The
-other is a half-breed, a capricious yet cool, resourceful rascal, ever
-occupied in schemes of revenge. Around these two are grouped the
-interesting characters which gave color to that rude life, and, back of
-them all, rough nature in her pristine beauty. The plot is strong,
-logical, and well sustained; the characters are keenly drawn; the
-details cleverly written. Taken all in all, “The Westerners” is a
-thoroughly good story of the far West in its most picturesque decade.
-(12mo, $1.50.)
-
-
- BY BREAD ALONE
-
- _By I. K. Friedman_
-
-Mr. Friedman has chosen a great theme for his new novel, one which
-affords a wealth of color and a wide field for bold delineation. It is a
-story of the steel-workers which introduces the reader to various and
-little-known aspects of those toiling lives. In the course of the work
-occurs a vivid description of a great strike. The author, however, shows
-no tinge of prejudice, but depicts a bitter labor struggle with
-admirable impartiality. Along with the portrayal of some of man’s worst
-passions is that of his best, his affection for woman, forming a
-love-story which softens the stern picture. The book will appeal to
-students of industrial tendencies, as well as to every lover of good
-fiction. (12mo, $1.50.)
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-_Here are two volumes of most thrilling tales, gleaned from the material
-which the age has brought us. Each collection occupies an original field
-and depicts some characteristic phase of our great commercial life._
-
-
- WALL STREET STORIES
-
- _By Edwin Lefèvre_
-
-It would be difficult to find a better setting for a good story than
-this hotbed of speculation. On the Exchange, every day is a day of
-excitement, replete with dangerous risks, narrow escapes, victories,
-defeats. There are rascals, “Napoleonic” rascals, and the “lambs” who
-are shorn; there is the old fight between right and wrong, and sometimes
-the right wins, and sometimes—as the world goes—the wrong. In the
-maddening whirl of this life, which he knows so well, Edwin Lefèvre has
-laid the setting of his Wall Street stories. A number of them have
-already appeared in _McClure’s Magazine_, and their well-merited success
-is the cause of publication in book form of this absorbing collection.
-(12mo, $1.25.)
-
-
- HELD FOR ORDERS
-
- STORIES OF RAILROAD LIFE
-
- _By Frank H. Spearman_
-
-While railroad life affords fewer elements of passion and emotion than
-the life of Wall Street, it offers however a far greater field for the
-depiction of the heroic. Deeds of bravery are probably more common among
-these hardy, cool, resourceful men—the railroad employees—than among any
-other members of society. “Held For Orders” describes thrilling
-incidents in the management of a mountain division in the far West. The
-stories are all independent, but have characters in common, many of whom
-have been met with in _McClure’s Magazine_. Mr. Spearman combines the
-qualities of a practical railroad man with those of a fascinating
-storyteller, and his tales, both in subject and manner of telling, are
-something new in literature. (12mo, $1.50.)
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
- TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
-
-
- 1. Silently corrected typographical errors.
- 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
- 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Wall street stories, by Edwin Lefèvre
-
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Wall street stories, by Edwin Lefèvre
-
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-Title: Wall street stories
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-Author: Edwin Lefèvre
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-Release Date: February 7, 2017 [EBook #54130]
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-Language: English
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-
-
-<div class='tnotes covernote'>
-
-<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber's Note:</strong></p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
- <h1 class='c001'>WALL STREET<br /> <span class='xlarge'>STORIES</span></h1>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
- <div>BY</div>
- <div><span class='xlarge'>EDWIN LEFÈVRE</span></div>
- <div class='c002'><span class='large'>NEW YORK</span></div>
- <div><span class='large'>McCLURE, PHILLIPS &amp; CO.</span></div>
- <div><span class='large'>1901</span></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
- <div><span class='sc'>Copyright, 1901, by S. S. McClure Co.</span></div>
- <div><span class='sc'>1900 and 1901, by Frank A. Munsey</span></div>
- <div><span class='sc'>1901, by McClure, Phillips &amp; Co.</span></div>
- <div class='c002'><span class='sc'>First Impression October, 1901</span></div>
- <div><span class='sc'>Second Impression November, 1901</span></div>
- <div><span class='sc'>Third Impression November, 1901</span></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
- <div>TO</div>
- <div class='c004'>Samuel Hughes Watts</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c004' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <h2 class='c005'>CONTENTS</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0' summary='CONTENTS'>
- <tr>
- <th class='c006'></th>
- <th class='c007'>PAGE</th>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>The Woman and Her Bonds</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_1'>1</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>The Break in Turpentine</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_31'>31</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>The Tipster</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_77'>77</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>A Philanthropic Whisper</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_113'>113</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>The Man Who Won</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_129'>129</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>The Lost Opportunity</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_161'>161</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>Pike’s Peak or Bust</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_175'>175</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'><span class='sc'>A Theological Tipster</span></td>
- <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_209'>209</a></td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>THE WOMAN AND HER BONDS</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span>It seemed to Fullerton F. Colwell, of the famous
-Stock-Exchange house of Wilson &amp; Graves, that
-he had done his full duty by his friend Harry
-Hunt. He was a director in a half score of companies—financial
-<i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">débutantes</span></i> which his firm had
-“brought out” and over whose stock-market destinies
-he presided. His partners left a great deal
-to him, and even the clerks in the office ungrudgingly
-acknowledged that Mr. Colwell was “the
-hardest worked man in the place, barring none”—an
-admission that means much to those who know
-it is always the downtrodden clerks who do all the
-work and their employers who take all the profit
-and credit. Possibly the important young men
-who did all the work in Wilson &amp; Graves’ office
-bore witness to Mr. Colwell’s industry so cheerfully,
-because Mr. Colwell was ever inquiring, very
-courteously, and, above all, sympathetically, into
-the amount of work each man had to perform, and
-suggesting, the next moment, that the laborious
-amount in question was indisputably excessive.
-Also, it was he who raised salaries; wherefore he
-was the most charming as well as the busiest man
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>there. Of his partners, John G. Wilson was a
-consumptive, forever going from one health resort
-to another, devoting his millions to the purchase
-of railroad tickets in the hope of out-racing Death.
-George B. Graves was a dyspeptic, nervous, irritable,
-and, to boot, penurious; a man whose chief
-recommendation at the time Wilson formed the
-firm had been his cheerful willingness to do all the
-dirty work. Frederick R. Denton was busy in the
-“Board Room”—the Stock Exchange—all day,
-executing orders, keeping watch over the market
-behavior of the stocks with which the firm was
-identified, and from time to time hearing things
-not meant for his ears, being the truth regarding
-Wilson &amp; Graves. But Fullerton F. Colwell had
-to do everything—in the stock market and in the
-office. He conducted the manipulation of the
-Wilson &amp; Graves stocks, took charge of the un-nefarious
-part of the numerous pools formed by
-the firm’s customers—Mr. Graves attending to the
-other details—and had a hand in the actual management
-of various corporations. Also, he conferred
-with a dozen people daily—chiefly “big
-people,” in Wall Street parlance—who were about
-to “put through” stock-market “deals.” He
-had devoted his time, which was worth thousands,
-and his brain, which was worth millions, to disentangling
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>his careless friend’s affairs, and when it
-was all over and every claim adjusted, and he had
-refused the executor’s fees to which he was entitled,
-it was found that poor Harry Hunt’s estate
-not only was free from debt, but consisted of
-$38,000 in cash, deposited in the Trolleyman’s
-Trust Company, subject to Mrs. Hunt’s order, and
-drawing interest at the rate of 2½ per cent per
-annum. He had done his work wonderfully well,
-and, in addition to the cash, the widow owned an
-unencumbered house Harry had given her in his
-lifetime.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Not long after the settlement of the estate Mrs.
-Hunt called at his office. It was a very busy day.
-The bears were misbehaving—and misbehaving
-mighty successfully. Alabama Coal &amp; Iron—the
-firm’s great specialty—was under heavy fire from
-“Sam” Sharpe’s Long Tom as well as from the
-room-traders’ Maxims. All that Colwell could
-do was to instruct Denton, who was on the ground,
-to “support” <em>Ala. C. &amp; I.</em> sufficiently to discourage
-the enemy, and not enough to acquire the
-company’s entire capital stock. He was himself
-at that moment practising that peculiar form of
-financial dissimulation which amounts to singing
-blithely at the top of your voice when your beloved
-sackful of gold has been ripped by bear-paws
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>and the coins are pouring out through the
-rent. Every quotation was of importance; a half
-inch of tape might contain an epic of disaster. It
-was not wise to fail to read every printed character.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He ceased to pass the tape through his fingers,
-and turned quickly, almost apprehensively, for a
-woman’s voice was not heard with pleasure at an
-hour of the day when distractions were undesirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Ah, good morning, Mrs. Hunt,” he said, very
-politely. “I am very glad indeed to see you.
-And how do you do?” He shook hands, and led
-her, a bit ceremoniously, to a huge armchair.
-His manners endeared him even to the big Wall
-Street operators, who were chiefly interested in the
-terse speech of the ticker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Of course, you are very well, Mrs. Hunt.
-Don’t tell me you are not.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Ye-es,” hesitatingly. “As well as I can hope
-to be since—since——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Time alone, dear Mrs. Hunt, can help us.
-You must be very brave. It is what he would
-have liked.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, I know,” she sighed. “I suppose I
-must.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>There was a silence. He stood by, deferentially
-sympathetic.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“<em>Ticky-ticky-ticky-tick</em>,” said the ticker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>What did it mean, in figures? Reduced to
-dollars and cents, what did the last three brassy
-taps say? Perhaps the bears were storming the
-Alabama Coal &amp; Iron intrenchments of “scaled
-buying orders”; perhaps Colwell’s trusted lieutenant,
-Fred Denton, had repulsed the enemy.
-Who was winning? A spasm, as of pain, passed
-over Mr. Fullerton F. Colwell’s grave face. But
-the next moment he said to her, slightly conscience-strickenly,
-as if he reproached himself for
-thinking of the stock market in her presence:
-“You must not permit yourself to brood, Mrs.
-Hunt. You know what I thought of Harry, and
-I need not tell you how glad I shall be to do what
-I may, for his sake, Mrs. Hunt, and for your own.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“<em>Ticky-ticky-ticky-tick!</em>” repeated the ticker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>To avoid listening to the voluble little machine,
-he went on: “Believe me, Mrs. Hunt, I
-shall be only too glad to serve you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You are so kind, Mr. Colwell,” murmured
-the widow; and after a pause: “I came to see
-you about that money.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“They tell me in the trust company that if I
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>leave the money there without touching it I’ll
-make $79 a month.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Let me see; yes; that is about what you may
-expect.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, Mr. Colwell, I can’t live on that.
-Willie’s school costs me $50, and then there’s
-Edith’s clothes,” she went on, with an air which
-implied that as for herself she wouldn’t care at all.
-“You see, he was so indulgent, and they are
-used to so much. Of course, it’s a blessing we
-have the house; but taxes take up so much; and—isn’t
-there some way of investing the money so
-it could bring more?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I might buy some bonds for you. But for
-your principal to be absolutely safe at all times,
-you will have to invest in very high-grade securities,
-which will return to you about 3½ per cent.
-That would mean, let’s see, $110 a month.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“And Harry spent $10,000 a year,” she
-murmured, complainingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Harry was always—er—rather extravagant.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, I’m glad he enjoyed himself while he
-lived,” she said, quickly. Then, after a pause:
-“And, Mr. Colwell, if I should get tired of the
-bonds, could I always get my money back?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You could always find a ready market for
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>them. You might sell them for a little more or
-for a little less than you paid.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I shouldn’t like to sell them,” she said, with a
-business air, “for less than I paid. What would
-be the sense?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You are right, Mrs. Hunt,” he said, encouragingly.
-“It wouldn’t be very profitable, would it?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“<em>Ticky-ticky-ticky-ticky-ticky-ticky-tick!</em>” said
-the ticker. It was whirring away at a furious
-rate. Its story is always interesting when it is
-busy. And Colwell had not looked at the tape
-in fully five minutes!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Couldn’t you buy something for me, Mr. Colwell,
-that when I came to sell it I could get more
-than it cost me?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No man can guarantee that, Mrs. Hunt.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I shouldn’t like to lose the little I have,” she
-said, hastily.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, there is no danger of that. If you will
-give me a check for $35,000, leaving $3,000 with
-the trust company for emergencies, I shall buy
-some bonds which I feel reasonably certain will
-advance in price within a few months.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“<em>Ticky-ticky-ticky-tick</em>,” interrupted the ticker.
-In some inexplicable way it seemed to him that
-the brassy sound had an ominous ring, so he
-added: “But you will have to let me know
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>promptly, Mrs. Hunt. The stock market, you
-see, is not a polite institution. It waits for none,
-not even for your sex.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Gracious me, must I take the money out of
-the bank to-day and bring it to you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“A check will do.” He began to drum on the
-desk nervously with his fingers, but ceased
-abruptly as he became aware of it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Very well, I’ll send it to you to-day. I know
-you’re very busy, so I won’t keep you any longer.
-And you’ll buy good, cheap bonds for me?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, Mrs. Hunt.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“There’s no danger of losing, is there, Mr.
-Colwell?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“None whatever. I have bought some for
-Mrs. Colwell, and I would not run the slightest
-risk. You need have no fear about them.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It’s exceedingly kind of you, Mr. Colwell.
-I am more grateful than I can say. I—I——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“The way to please me is not to mention it,
-Mrs. Hunt. I am going to try to make some
-money for you, so that you can at least double
-the income from the trust company.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Thanks, ever so much. Of course, I know
-you are thoroughly familiar with such things.
-But I’ve heard so much about the money everybody
-loses in Wall Street that I was half afraid.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>“Not when you buy good bonds, Mrs. Hunt.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt. Remember, whenever
-I may be of service you are to let me know
-immediately.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, thank you, so much, Mr. Colwell. Good
-morning.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mrs. Hunt sent him a check for $35,000, and
-Colwell bought 100 five-per cent gold bonds of
-the Manhattan Electric Light, Heat &amp; Power
-Company, paying 96 for them.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“These bonds,” he wrote to her, “will surely
-advance in price, and when they touch a good
-figure I shall sell a part, and keep the balance for
-you as an investment. The operation is partly
-speculative, but I assure you the money is safe.
-You will have an opportunity to increase your
-original capital and your entire funds will then be
-invested in these same bonds—Manhattan Electric
-5s—as many as the money will buy. I hope
-within six months to secure for you an income of
-twice as much as you have been receiving from
-the trust company.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The next morning she called at his office.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt. I trust you are
-well.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>“Good morning, Mr. Colwell. I know I am
-an awful bother to you, but——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You are greatly mistaken, Mrs. Hunt.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You are very kind. You see, I don’t exactly
-understand about those bonds. I thought you
-could tell me. I’m so stupid,” archly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I won’t have you prevaricate about yourself,
-Mrs. Hunt. Now, you gave me $35,000, didn’t
-you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes.” Her tone indicated that she granted
-that much and nothing more.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, I opened an account for you with our
-firm. You were credited with the amount. I
-then gave an order to buy one hundred bonds of
-$1,000 each. We paid 96 for them.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I don’t follow you quite, Mr. Colwell. I told
-you”—another arch smile—“I was so stupid!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It means that for each $1,000–bond $960
-was paid. It brought the total up to $96,000.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But I only had $35,000 to begin with. You
-don’t mean I’ve made that much, do you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Not yet, Mrs. Hunt. You put in $35,000;
-that was your margin, you know; and we put in
-the other $61,000 and kept the bonds as security.
-We owe you $35,000, and you owe us $61,000,
-and——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But—I know you’ll laugh at me, Mr. Colwell—but
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>I really can’t help thinking it’s something
-like the poor people you read about, who
-mortgage their houses, and they go on, and the
-first thing you know some real-estate agent owns
-the house and you have nothing. I have a friend,
-Mrs. Stilwell, who lost hers that way,” she finished,
-corroboratively.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“This is not a similar case, exactly. The reason
-why you use a margin is that you can do
-much more with the money that way than if you
-bought outright. It protects your broker against
-a depreciation in the security purchased, which is
-all he wants. In this case you theoretically owe
-us $61,000, but the bonds are in your name, and
-they are worth $96,000, so that if you want to
-pay us back, all you have to do is to order us to
-sell the bonds, return the money we have advanced,
-and keep the balance of your margin; that is, of
-your original sum.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I don’t understand why I should owe the
-firm. I shouldn’t mind so much owing you, because
-I know you’d never take advantage of my
-ignorance of business matters. But I’ve never
-met Mr. Wilson nor Mr. Graves. I don’t even
-know how they look.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But you know me,” said Mr. Colwell, with
-patient courtesy.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>“Oh, it isn’t that I’m afraid of being cheated,
-Mr. Colwell,” she said hastily and reassuringly;
-“but I don’t wish to be under obligations to any
-one, particularly utter strangers; though, of
-course, if you say it is all right, I am satisfied.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“My dear Mrs. Hunt, don’t worry about this
-matter. We bought these bonds at 96. If the
-price should advance to 110, as I think it will,
-then you can sell three fifths for $66,000, pay us
-back $61,000, and keep $5,000 for emergencies
-in savings banks drawing 4 per cent interest, and
-have in addition 40 bonds which will pay you
-$2,000 a year.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That would be lovely. And the bonds are
-now 96?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes; you will always find the price in the
-financial page of the newspapers, where it says
-BONDS. Look for <em>Man. Elec. 5s</em>,” and he
-showed her.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, thanks, ever so much. Of course, I am
-a great bother, I know——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You are nothing of the kind, Mrs. Hunt.
-I’m only too glad to be of the slightest use to
-you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Colwell, busy with several important
-deals, did not follow closely the fluctuations in
-the price of Manhattan Electric Light, Heat &amp;
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>Power Company 5s. The fact that there had
-been any change at all was made clear to him by
-Mrs. Hunt. She called a few days after her first
-visit, with perturbation written large on her face.
-Also, she wore the semi-resolute look of a person
-who expects to hear unacceptable excuses.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How do you do, Mrs. Hunt? Well, I
-hope.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, I am well enough. I wish I could say as
-much for my financial matters.” She had acquired
-the phrase from the financial reports which
-she had taken to reading religiously every day.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why, how is that?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“They are 95 now,” she said, a trifle accusingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Who are <em>they</em>, pray, Mrs. Hunt?” in surprise.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“The bonds. I saw it in last night’s paper.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Colwell smiled. Mrs. Hunt almost became
-indignant at his levity.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Don’t let that worry you, Mrs. Hunt. The
-bonds are all right. The market is a trifle dull;
-that’s all.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“A friend,” she said, very slowly, “who knows
-all about Wall Street, told me last night that it
-made a difference of $1,000 to me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>“So it does, in a way; that is, if you tried to
-sell your bonds. But as you are not going to do
-so until they show you a handsome profit, you
-need not worry. Don’t be concerned about the
-matter, I beg of you. When the time comes for
-you to sell the bonds I’ll let you know. Never
-mind if the price goes off a point or two. You
-are amply protected. Even if there should be a
-panic I’ll see that you are not sold out, no matter
-how low the price goes. You are not to worry
-about it; in fact, you are not to think about it
-at all.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, thanks, ever so much, Mr. Colwell. I didn’t
-sleep a wink last night. But I knew——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>A clerk came in with some stock certificates
-and stopped short. He wanted Mr. Colwell’s
-signature in a hurry, and at the same time dared
-not interrupt. Mrs. Hunt thereupon rose and
-said: “Well, I won’t take up any more of your
-time. Good morning, Mr. Colwell. Thanks ever
-so much.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Don’t mention it, Mrs. Hunt. Good morning.
-You are going to do very well with those
-bonds if you only have patience.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, I’ll be patient now that I know all about
-it; yes, indeed. And I hope your prophecy will
-be fulfilled. Good morning, Mr. Colwell.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>Little by little the bonds continued to decline.
-The syndicate in charge was not ready to move
-them. But Mrs. Hunt’s unnamed friend—her
-Cousin Emily’s husband—who was employed in
-an up-town bank, did not know all the particulars
-of that deal. He knew the Street in the abstract,
-and had accordingly implanted the seed of
-insomnia in her quaking soul. Then, as he saw
-values decline, he did his best to make the seed
-grow, fertilizing a naturally rich soil with ominous
-hints and headshakings and with phrases
-that made her firmly believe he was gradually and
-considerately preparing her for the worst. On the
-third day of her agony Mrs. Hunt walked into
-Colwell’s office. Her face was pale and she looked
-distressed. Mr. Colwell sighed involuntarily—a
-scarcely perceptible and not very impolite sigh—and
-said: “Good morning, Mrs. Hunt.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>She nodded gravely and, with a little gasp, said,
-tremulously: “The bonds!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes? What about them?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>She gasped again, and said: “The p-p-papers!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What do you mean, Mrs. Hunt?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>She dropped into a chair nervelessly, as if exhausted.
-After a pause she said: “It’s in all the
-papers. I thought the <cite>Herald</cite> might be mistaken,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>so I bought the <cite>Tribune</cite> and the <cite>Times</cite> and the
-<cite>Sun</cite>. But no. It was the same in all. It was,”
-she added, tragically, “93!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes?” he said, smilingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The smile did not reassure her; it irritated her
-and aroused her suspicions. By him, of all men,
-should her insomnia be deemed no laughing
-matter.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Doesn’t that mean a loss of $3,000?” she
-asked. There was a deny-it-if-you-dare inflection
-in her voice of which she was not conscious. Her
-cousin’s husband had been a careful gardener.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No, because you are not going to sell your
-bonds at 93, but at 110, or thereabouts.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But if I did want to sell the bonds now,
-wouldn’t I lose $3,000?” she queried, challengingly.
-Then she hastened to answer herself:
-“Of course I would, Mr. Colwell. Even I can
-tell that.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You certainly would, Mrs. Hunt; but——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I knew I was right,” with irrepressible
-triumph.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But you are not going to sell the bonds.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Of course, I don’t want to, because I can’t
-afford to lose any money, much less $3,000. But
-I don’t see how I can help losing it. I was
-warned from the first,” she said, as if that made
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>it worse. “I certainly had no business to risk
-my all.” She had waived the right to blame some
-one else, and there was something consciously just
-and judicial about her attitude that was eloquent.
-Mr. Colwell was moved by it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You can have your money back, Mrs. Hunt,
-if you wish it,” he told her, quite unprofessionally.
-“You seem to worry about it so much.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, I am not worrying, exactly; only, I do
-wish I hadn’t bought—I mean, the money was so
-safe in the Trolleyman’s Trust Company, that I
-can’t help thinking I might just as well have
-let it stay where it was, even if it didn’t bring me
-in so much. But, of course, if you want me to
-leave it here,” she said, very slowly to give him
-every opportunity to contradict her, “of course,
-I’ll do just as you say.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“My dear Mrs. Hunt,” Colwell said, very politely,
-“my only desire is to please you and to help
-you. When you buy bonds you must be prepared
-to be patient. It may take months before you
-will be able to sell yours at a profit, and I don’t
-know how low the price will go in the meantime.
-Nobody can tell you that, because nobody knows.
-But it need make no difference to you whether
-the bonds go to 90, or even to 85, which is unlikely.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>“Why, how can you say so, Mr. Colwell? If
-the bonds go to 90, I’ll lose $6,000–-my friend
-said it was one thousand for every number down.
-And at 85 that would be”—counting on her
-fingers—“eleven numbers, that is, <em>eleven—thousand—dollars</em>!”
-And she gazed at him, awe-strickenly,
-reproachfully. “How <em>can</em> you say it
-would make no difference, Mr. Colwell?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Colwell fiercely hated the unnamed “friend,”
-who had told her so little and yet so much. But
-he said to her, mildly: “I thought that I had explained
-all that to you. It might hurt a weak
-speculator if the bonds declined ten points, though
-such a decline is utterly improbable. But it won’t
-affect you in the slightest, since, having an ample
-margin, you would not be forced to sell. You
-would simply hold on until the price rose again.
-Let me illustrate. Supposing your house cost
-$10,000, and——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Harry paid $32,000,” she said, correctingly.
-On second thought she smiled, in order to let
-him see that she knew her interpolation was irrelevant.
-But he might as well know the actual
-cost.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Very well,” he said, good-humoredly, “we’ll
-say $32,000, which was also the price of every
-other house in that block. And suppose that,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>owing to some accident, or for any reason whatever,
-nobody could be found to pay more than
-$25,000 for one of the houses, and three or four
-of your neighbors sold theirs at that price. But
-you wouldn’t, because you knew that in the fall,
-when everybody came back to town, you would
-find plenty of people who’d give you $50,000 for
-your house; you wouldn’t sell it for $25,000, and
-you wouldn’t worry. Would you, now?” he finished,
-cheerfully.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No,” she said slowly. “I wouldn’t worry.
-But,” hesitatingly, for, after all, she felt the awkwardness
-of her position, “I wish I had the money
-instead of the bonds.” And she added, self-defensively:
-“I haven’t slept a wink for three nights
-thinking about this.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The thought of his coming emancipation cheered
-Mr. Colwell immensely. “Your wish shall be
-gratified, Mrs. Hunt. Why didn’t you ask me
-before, if you felt that way?” he said, in mild reproach.
-And he summoned a clerk.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Make out a check for $35,000 payable to
-Mrs. Rose Hunt, and transfer the 100 Manhattan
-Electric Light 5s to my personal account.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He gave her the check and told her: “Here is
-the money. I am very sorry that I unwittingly
-caused you some anxiety. But all’s well that
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>ends well. Any time that I can be of service to
-you—Not at all. Don’t thank me, please; no.
-Good morning.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But he did not tell her that by taking over her
-account he paid $96,000 for bonds he could have
-bought in the open market for $93,000. He was
-the politest man in Wall Street; and, after all,
-he had known Hunt for many years.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>A week later Manhattan Electric 5–per cent
-bonds sold at 96 again. Mrs. Hunt called on
-him. It was noon, and she evidently had spent
-the morning mustering up courage for the visit.
-They greeted one another, she embarrassed and
-he courteous and kindly as usual.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Colwell, you still have those bonds, haven’t
-you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why, yes.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I—I think I’d like to take them back.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Certainly, Mrs. Hunt. I’ll find out how much
-they are selling for.” He summoned a clerk to
-get a quotation on Manhattan Electric 5s. The
-clerk telephoned to one of their bond-specialists,
-and learned that the bonds could be bought at
-96½. He reported to Mr. Colwell, and Mr. Colwell
-told Mrs. Hunt, adding: “So you see they
-are practically where they were when you bought
-them before.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>She hesitated. “I—I—didn’t you buy them
-from me at 93? I’d like to buy them back at
-the same price I sold them to you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No, Mrs. Hunt,” he said; “I bought them
-from you at 96.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But the price was 93.” And she added, corroboratively:
-“Don’t you remember it was in all
-the papers?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, but I gave you back exactly the same
-amount that I received from you, and I had the
-bonds transferred to my account. They stand on
-our books as having cost me 96.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But couldn’t you let me have them at 93?”
-she persisted.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’m very sorry, Mrs. Hunt, but I don’t see
-how I could. If you buy them in the open
-market now, you will be in exactly the same
-position as before you sold them, and you will
-make a great deal of money, because they are
-going up now. Let me buy them for you
-at 96½.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“At 93, you mean,” with a tentative smile.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“At whatever price they may be selling for,”
-he corrected, patiently.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why did you let me sell them, Mr. Colwell?”
-she asked, plaintively.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But, my dear madam, if you buy them now,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>you will be no worse off than if you had kept
-the original lot.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, I don’t see why it is that I have to pay
-96½ now for the very same bonds I sold last Tuesday
-at 93. If it was some other bonds,” she added,
-“I wouldn’t mind so much.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“My dear Mrs. Hunt, it makes no difference
-which bonds you hold. They have all risen in
-price, yours and mine and everybody’s; your lot
-was the same as any other lot. You see that,
-don’t you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Ye-es; but——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, then, you are exactly where you were
-before you bought any. You’ve lost nothing,
-because you received your money back intact.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’m willing to buy them,” she said resolutely,
-“at 93.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mrs. Hunt, I wish I could buy them for you
-at that price. But there are none for sale cheaper
-than 96½.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, why did I let you sell my bonds!” she said,
-disconsolately.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, you worried so much because they had
-declined that——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, but I didn’t know anything about business
-matters. You know I didn’t, Mr. Colwell,”
-she finished, accusingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>He smiled in his good-natured way. “Shall I
-buy the bonds for you?” he asked. He knew the
-plans of the syndicate in charge, and being sure
-the bonds would advance, he thought she might
-as well share in the profits. At heart he felt
-sorry for her.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>She smiled back. “Yes,” she told him, “at
-93.” It did not seem right to her, notwithstanding
-his explanations, that she should pay 96½ for
-them, when the price a few days ago was 93.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But how can I, if they are 96½?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Colwell, it is 93 or nothing.” She was
-almost pale at her own boldness. It really seemed
-to her as if the price had only been waiting for her
-to sell out in order to advance. And though she
-wanted the bonds, she did not feel like yielding.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Then I very much fear it will have to be
-nothing.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Er—good morning, Mr. Colwell,” on the verge
-of tears.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt.” And before he
-knew it, forgetting all that had gone before, he
-added: “Should you change your mind, I should
-be glad to——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I know I wouldn’t pay more than 93 if I lived
-to be a thousand years.” She looked expectantly
-at him, to see if he had repented, and she smiled—the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>smile that is a woman’s last resort, that
-says, almost articulately: “I know you will, of
-course, do as I ask. My question is only a formality.
-I know your nobility, and I fear not.”
-But he only bowed her out, very politely.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>On the Stock Exchange the price of <em>Man. Elec.
-L. H. &amp; P. Co. 5s</em> rose steadily. Mrs. Hunt, too
-indignant to feel lachrymose, discussed the subject
-with her Cousin Emily and her husband. Emily
-was very much interested. Between her and Mrs.
-Hunt they forced the poor man to make strange
-admissions, and, deliberately ignoring his feeble
-protests, they worked themselves up to the point
-of believing that, while it would be merely generous
-of Mr. Colwell to let his friend’s widow have
-the bonds at 93, it would be only his obvious duty
-to let her have them at 96½. The moment they
-reached this decision Mrs. Hunt knew how to act.
-And the more she thought the more indignant she
-became. The next morning she called on her late
-husband’s executor and friend.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Her face wore the look often seen on those
-ardent souls who think their sacred and inalienable
-rights have been trampled upon by the tyrant
-Man, but who at the same time feel certain the
-hour of retribution is near.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mr. Colwell. I came to find
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>out exactly what you propose to do about my
-bonds.” Her voice conveyed the impression that
-she expected violent opposition, perhaps even bad
-language, from him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good morning, Mrs. Hunt. Why, what do
-you mean?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>His affected ignorance deepened the lines on
-her face. Instead of bluster he was using <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">finesse</span></i>!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I think you ought to know, Mr. Colwell,” she
-said, meaningly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, I really don’t. I remember you wouldn’t
-heed my advice when I told you not to sell out,
-and again when I advised you to buy them
-back.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, at 96½,” she burst out, indignantly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, if you had, you would to-day have a
-profit of over $7,000.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“And whose fault is it that I haven’t?” She
-paused for a reply. Receiving none, she went on:
-“But never mind; I have decided to accept your
-offer,” very bitterly, as if a poor widow could not
-afford to be a chooser; “I’ll take those bonds at
-96½.” And she added, under her breath: “Although
-it really ought to be 93.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But, Mrs. Hunt,” said Colwell, in measureless
-astonishment, “you can’t do that, you know. You
-wouldn’t buy them when I wanted you to, and I
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>can’t buy them for you now at 96½. Really, you
-ought to see that.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Cousin Emily and she had gone over a dozen
-imaginary interviews with Mr. Colwell—of varying
-degrees of storminess—the night before, and
-they had, in an idle moment, and not because they
-really expected it, represented Mr. Colwell as taking
-that identical stand. Mrs. Hunt was, accordingly,
-prepared to show both that she knew her moral
-and technical rights, and that she was ready to
-resist any attempt to ignore them. So she said,
-in a voice so ferociously calm that it should have
-warned any guilty man: “Mr. Colwell, will you
-answer me one question?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“A thousand, Mrs. Hunt, with pleasure.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No; only one. Have you kept the bonds
-that I bought, or have you not?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What difference does that make, Mrs. Hunt?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He evaded the answer!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes or no, please. Have you, or have you
-not, those same identical bonds?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes; I have. But——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“And to whom do those bonds belong, by
-rights?” She was still pale, but resolute.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“To me, certainly.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“To <em>you</em>, Mr. Colwell?” She smiled. And in
-her smile were a thousand feelings; but not mirth.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>“Yes, Mrs. Hunt, to me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“And do you propose to keep them?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I certainly do.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Not even if I pay 96½ will you give them
-to me?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mrs. Hunt,” Colwell said with warmth “when
-I took those bonds off your hands at 93 it represented
-a loss on paper of $3,000——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>She smiled in pity—pity for his judgment in
-thinking her so hopelessly stupid.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“And when you wanted me to sell them back
-to you at 93 after they had risen to 96½, if I had
-done as you wished, it would have meant an actual
-loss of $3,000 to me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Again she smiled—the same smile, only the
-pity was now mingled with rising indignation.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“For Harry’s sake I was willing to pocket the
-first loss, in order that you might not worry. But
-I didn’t see why I should make you a present of
-$3,000,” he said, very quietly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I never asked you to do it,” she retorted, hotly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“If you had lost any money through my fault,
-it would have been different. But you had your
-original capital unimpaired. You had nothing to
-lose, if you bought back the same bonds at practically
-the same price. Now you come and ask me
-to sell you the bonds at 96½ that are selling in the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>market for 104, as a reward, I suppose, for your
-refusal to take my advice.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Colwell, you take advantage of my position
-to insult me. And Harry trusted you so
-much! But let me tell you that I am not going
-to let you do just as you please. No doubt you
-would like to have me go home and forget how
-you’ve acted toward me. But I am going to consult
-a lawyer, and see if I am to be treated this
-way by a <em>friend</em> of my husband’s. You’ve made
-a mistake, Mr. Colwell.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, madam, I certainly have. And, in order
-to avoid making any more, you will oblige me
-greatly by never again calling at this office. By
-all means consult a lawyer. Good morning,
-madam,” said the politest man in Wall Street.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“We’ll see,” was all she said; and she left the
-room.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Colwell paced up and down his office nervously.
-It was seldom that he allowed himself to lose his
-temper, and he did not like it. The ticker
-whirred away excitedly, and in an absent-minded,
-half-disgusted way he glanced sideways at it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“<em>Man. Elec. 5s, 106⅛</em>,” he read on the tape.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>THE BREAK IN TURPENTINE</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>In the beginning of the beginning the distillers of
-turpentine carried competition to the quarrelling
-point. Then they carried the quarrel to the point
-of silence, which was most to be feared, for it
-meant that no time was to be wasted in words.
-All were losing money; but each hoped that the
-others were losing more, proportionately, and therefore
-would go under all the sooner. The survivors
-thought they could manage to keep on surviving,
-for on what twelve would starve four could
-feast.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It is seen periodically in the United States: an
-industry apparently suffering from suicidal mania.
-It is incomprehensible, inexplicable, though mediocrities
-mutter: “Over-production!” and shake
-their heads complacently, proud of having diagnosed
-the trouble. Here was the turpentine business,
-once great and lucrative, now ruin-producing;
-formerly affording a comfortable livelihood to
-many thousands and now giving ever-diminishing
-wages to ever-diminishing numbers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It was Mr. Alfred Neustadt, a banker in a famous
-turpentine district, who first called his
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>brother-in-law’s attention to the pitiable sight.
-Mr. Jacob Greenbaum’s soul thrilled during Neustadt’s
-recital. He perceived golden possibilities
-that dazzled him: He decided to form a Turpentine
-Trust.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>First he bought for a song all the bankrupt
-stills; seven of them. Later on, in his scheme of
-trust creation, these self-same distilleries would be
-turned over to the “octopus,” at nice fat figures,
-as Greenbaum put it, self-admiringly, to his
-brother-in-law. Then he secured options on nine
-others, the tired-unto-death plants. In this way
-he was able to control “a large productive capacity”
-at an expenditure positively marvellous—it
-was so small. It was also in his brother-in-law’s
-name. Then the banking house of Greenbaum,
-Lazarus &amp; Co. stepped in, interested accomplices,
-duped or coerced into selling enough other distillers
-to assure success, cajoled the more stubborn,
-wheedled the more credulous, gave way gracefully
-to the shrewder and gathered them all into the
-fold. The American Turpentine Company was
-formed, with a capital stock of $30,000,000 or
-300,000 shares at $100 each. The cash needed,
-to pay Mr. Greenbaum, Neustadt and others who
-sold their plants for “part cash and part stock,”
-was provided by an issue of $25,000,000 of 6 per
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>cent bonds, underwritten by a syndicate composed
-of Greenbaum, Lazarus &amp; Co., I. &amp; S. Wechsler,
-Morris Steinfelder’s Sons, Reis &amp; Stern, Kohn,
-Fischel &amp; Co., Silberman &amp; Lindheim, Rosenthal,
-Shaffran &amp; Co. and Zeman Bros.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>They were men who never “speculated”; sometimes
-they “conducted financial operations.” They
-had shears, not fleeces.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The prospectus of the “Trust” was a masterpiece
-of persuasiveness and vagueness, of slim statistics
-and alluring generalities. In due course of
-time the public subscribed for the greater part of
-the $25,000,000 of bonds, and both bonds and
-stock were “listed” on the New York Stock Exchange—that
-is, they were placed on the list of
-securities which members may buy or sell on the
-“floor” of the Exchange.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Tabularly expressed, the syndicate’s operations
-were as follows:</p>
-
-<table class='table1' summary=''>
-<colgroup>
-<col width='77%' />
-<col width='22%' />
-</colgroup>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Authorized stock</td>
- <td class='c007'>$30,000,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Authorized bonds</td>
- <td class='c007'>25,000,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class='c007'>___________</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c009'>Total</td>
- <td class='c007'>$55,000,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Actual worth of property</td>
- <td class='c007'>12,800,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class='c007'>___________</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c009'><i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aqua Pura</span></i></td>
- <td class='c007'>$42,200,000</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c010'>Paid to owners for 41 distilleries representing
-90 per cent of the turpentine production (and 121
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>per cent of the consumption!) of the United
-States:</p>
-
-<table class='table1' summary=''>
-<colgroup>
-<col width='77%' />
-<col width='22%' />
-</colgroup>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Cash from bond sales</td>
- <td class='c007'>$8,975,983</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Bonds</td>
- <td class='c007'>12,000,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Stock</td>
- <td class='c007'>18,249,800</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class='c007'>___________</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c009'>Total</td>
- <td class='c007'>$39,225,783</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Syndicate’s commission, stock</td>
- <td class='c007'>12,988,500</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Retained in Co.’s treasury, unissued</td>
- <td class='c007'>2,000,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Expenses and discounts on bonds, etc.</td>
- <td class='c007'>785,717</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class='c007'>___________</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c009'>Total</td>
- <td class='c007'>$55,000,000</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c000'>These figures were not for publication. They
-told the exact truth.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The public knew nothing of the company’s
-earning capacity, save a few tentative figures from
-the prospectus, which was a sort of financial gospel
-according to Greenbaum, but which did not
-create fanatical devotees among investors. The
-stock, unlike the Kipling ship, had not found itself.
-It was not market-proven, not seasoned; no
-one knew how much dependence to put on it;
-wherefore the banks would not take it as collateral
-security on loans and wherefore the “speculative
-community” (as the newspapers call the stock
-gamblers) would not touch it, since in a pinch it
-might prove utterly unvendible. It remained for
-the syndicate to make a “market” for it, to develop
-such a condition of affairs that anyone at
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>any time could, without overmuch difficulty and
-without causing over-great fluctuations, sell readily
-American Turpentine Company stock. The syndicate
-would have to earn its commission.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>All the manufacturers who had received stock
-in part payment were told most impressively by
-Mr. Greenbaum not to sell their holdings under
-any circumstances at any price below $75 a share.
-Not knowing Mr. Greenbaum, they readily and
-solemnly promised to obey him. They even permitted
-themselves to think, after talking to him,
-that they would some day receive $80 per share
-for all their holdings. This precluded any untimely
-“unloading” by the only people outside
-the syndicate that held any Turpentine stock at
-all.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Greenbaum took charge of the market conduct
-of “Turp,” as the tape called the stock of
-the American Turpentine Company. At first, the
-price was marked up by means of “matched” orders—preconcerted
-and therefore not bona fide
-transactions. Mr. Greenbaum told one of his
-brokers to sell 1,000 shares of “Turp” to another
-of his brokers and shortly afterwards the second
-broker sold the same 1,000 shares to a third, by
-pre-arrangement—this being the matching process—with
-the result that the tape recorded transactions
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>of 2,000 shares. After the “matching”
-had gone on for some time, readers of the tape
-were supposed to imagine that the stock was legitimately
-active and strong—two facts which in
-turn were supposed to whet the buying appetite.
-It was against the rule of the Exchange to
-“match” orders, but how could convictions be
-secured?</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Turp” began at 25 and as the syndicate had
-all the stock in the market, it was easily manipulated
-upward to 35. Every day, many thousands of
-shares, according to the Stock Exchange’s official
-records, “changed hands”—from Greenbaum’s
-right to his left and back again—and the price
-rose steadily. But something was absent. The
-manipulation was not convincing. It did not
-make the general public nibble. The only buyers
-were the “room traders,” that is, the professional
-stock gamblers who were members of the
-Exchange and speculated for themselves exclusively;
-and those customers of the commission
-houses who, because they were bound to speculate
-daily or die and because they studied the ticker-ribbon
-so assiduously, were known by the generic
-name of “tape-worms.” These gentry, in and out
-of the Exchange, provided the tape in its curious
-language foretold a rise, would buy anything—from
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>capitalized impudence, as in the case of Back
-Bay Gas, whose property was actually worth nil
-and its capital stock was $100,000,000, up to
-Government bonds.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Now, the room traders and the tape-worms
-reasoned not illogically that the “Greenbaum
-gang” had all the stock and that perforce the
-“gang” had to find a market for it; and the only
-way to do this was by a nice “bull” or upward
-movement. When a stock rises and rises and
-rises the newspapers are full of pleasant stories
-about it and the lambs read but do not run away;
-they buy on the assumption that, as the stock has
-already risen ten points it may rise ten more.
-This explains why they make so much money in
-Wall Street—for the natives.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Greenbaum and his associates were exceptionally
-shrewd business men, thoroughly familiar with
-Wall Street and its methods, cautious yet bold,
-far-seeing yet eminently of the day. They were
-practical financiers. They marked up the price
-of “Turp” ten points; but they could not arouse
-public interest in it so that people would buy it.
-Indeed, at the end of three weeks, during which
-the “Street” had been flooded with impressive
-advice, printed and spoken, to buy because the
-price was going higher, all they had for their
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>trouble was more stock-–6,000 shares from Ira
-D. Keep, a distiller, who sold out at 38 because
-he needed the money; and they also were obliged
-to buy back from the “room traders” at 35 and
-36 and higher, the same stock the “gang” had
-sold at 30 and 31 and 32 and 34. Then the
-manipulators had to “support” the stock at the
-higher level, that is, they had to keep it from declining,
-which could be done only by continuous
-buying. By doing this the public might imagine
-there was considerable merit in a stock which was
-in such good demand from intelligent people as
-to remain firm, notwithstanding its previous substantial
-rise. And if somebody wanted “Turp”
-why shouldn’t the public want it? The public
-generally asks itself that question. It is in the
-nature of a nibble and rejoices the hearts of the
-financial anglers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Every attempt to sell “Turp” met with failure.
-At length it was decided to allow the price to sink
-back to an “invitingly low” level. It was done.
-But still the invited public refused to buy. Efforts
-to encourage a short interest to over-extend itself
-unto “squeezable” proportions failed similarly.
-The Street was afraid to go “short” of a stock
-which was so closely held. The philosophy of
-short selling is simple; it really amounts to betting
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>that values will decline. A man who “sells
-short” sells what he does not possess, but hopes
-to buy, later on, at a lower price. But since he
-must deliver what he sells he borrows it from
-some one else, giving the lender ample security.
-To “cover” or to “buy in” is to purchase stock
-previously sold short. Obviously, it is unwise to
-be short of a stock which is held by such a few
-that it may be difficult to borrow it. To
-“squeeze” shorts is to advance the price in order
-to force “covering.” This is done when the
-short interest is large enough to make it worth
-while.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>In the course of the next few months, after a
-series of injudicious fluctuations which gave to
-“Turp” a bad name, even as Wall Street names
-went, despite glowing accounts of the company’s
-wonderful business and after distributing less than
-35,000 shares, the members of the “Turpentine
-Skindicate,” as it was popularly called, sorrowfully
-acknowledged that, while they had skilfully
-organized the trust and had done fairly well with
-the bonds, they certainly were not howling successes
-as manipulators. During the following
-eight months they sold more stock. They spared
-not the widow nor the orphan. They even
-“stuck” their intimate friends. They had sold
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>for something what had cost them nothing; it
-was natural to wish to sell more.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Now, manipulators of stocks are born, not
-made. The art is most difficult, for stocks should
-be manipulated in such wise that they will not
-look manipulated. Anybody can buy stocks or can
-sell them. But not every one can sell stocks and
-at the same time convey the impression that
-he is buying them, and that prices therefore must
-inevitably go much higher. It requires boldness
-and consummate judgment, knowledge of technical
-stock-market conditions, infinite ingenuity
-and mental agility, absolute familiarity with
-human nature, a careful study of the curious
-psychological phenomena of gambling and long
-experience with the Wall Street public and with
-the wonderful imagination of the American
-people; to say nothing of knowing thoroughly
-the various brokers to be employed, their capabilities,
-limitations and personal temperaments;
-also, their price.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Adequate manipulative machinery, moreover,
-can be perfected only with much toil and patience
-and money. Professional Wall Street will always
-tell you that “the tape tells the story.” The
-little paper ribbon, therefore, must be made to
-tell such stories as the manipulator desires should
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>be told to the public; he must produce certain
-effects which should preserve an appearance of
-alluring spontaneity and, above all, of legitimacy
-and candor; he must be a great artist in mendacity
-and at the same time have the superb self-confidence
-of a grizzly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Several members of the syndicate had many of
-these qualities, but none had them all. It was
-decided to put “Turp” stock in the hands of
-Samuel Wimbleton Sharpe, the best manipulator
-Wall Street had ever known. “Jakey” Greenbaum
-said he would conduct the negotiations
-with the great plunger.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sharpe was a financial free-lance, free-booter
-and free-thinker. He had made his first fortune
-in the mining camps of Arizona and finding that
-field too narrow had come to New York, where he
-could gamble to his heart’s content. He was all
-the things that an ideal manipulator should be
-and several more. He had arrived in New York
-with a sneer on his lips and a loaded revolver in
-his financial hands. The other “big operators”
-looked at him in pained astonishment. “I carry
-my weapons openly,” Sharpe told them, “and you
-conceal your dirks. Don’t hurt yourselves trying
-to look honest. I never turn my back on such as
-you.” Of this encounter was born a hostility
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>that never grew faint. Sharpe had nothing of
-his own to unload on anyone else, no property to
-overcapitalize and sell to an undiscriminating
-public by means of artistic lies and his enemies
-often did. So they called him a gambler, very
-bitterly, and he called them philanthropists, very
-cheerfully. If he thought a stock was unduly
-high he sold it confidently, aggressively, stupendously.
-If he thought a stock was too low he
-bought it boldly, ready to take all the offerings
-and bid for more. And once on the march, he
-might be temporarily checked, be forced by the
-enemy to halt for a day or a week or a month;
-but inevitably he arrived. And such an arrival!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And as a manipulator of stock-values he had no
-equal. On the bull side he rushed a stock upward
-so steadily, so boldly and brilliantly, but,
-above all, so persuasively, that lesser gamblers almost
-fought to be allowed to take it off his hands
-at incredibly high prices. And when in the conduct
-of one of his masterly bear campaigns he saw
-fit to “hammer” the market, values melted away
-as by magic—Satanic magic, the poor lambs
-thought. All stocks looked “sick,” looked as
-though prices would go much lower; murmurs of
-worse things to come were in the air, vague, disquieting,
-ruin-breeding. The atmosphere of the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>Street was supersaturated with apprehension, and
-the black shadow of Panic brooded over the Stock
-Exchange, chilling the little gamblers’ hearts, wiping
-out the last of the little gamblers’ margins.
-And even the presidents of the solid, conservative
-banks studied the ticker uneasily in their offices.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Greenbaum was promptly admitted to Sharpe’s
-private office. It was a half-darkened room, the
-windows having wire-screens, summer and winter,
-in order that prying eyes across the street might not
-see his visitors or his confidential brokers, whose
-identity it was advisable should remain unknown
-to the Street. He was walking up and down the
-room, pausing from time to time to look at the
-tape. The ticker is the only telescope the stock-market
-general has; it tells him what his forces
-are doing and how the enemy is meeting his attacks.
-Every inch of the tape is so much ground;
-every quotation represents so many shots.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>There was something feline in Sharpe’s stealthy,
-soundless steps, in his mustaches, in the conformation
-of his face—broad of forehead and triangulating
-chin-ward. In his eyes, too, there was something
-tigerish—unmelodramatically cold hearted
-and coldly curious as they looked upon Mr. Jacob
-Greenbaum. Unconsciously the unfanciful Trust-maker
-asked himself whether Sharpe’s heart-beats
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>were not ticker ticks, impassively indicating the
-pulse of the stock-market.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Hallo, Greenbaum.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How do you do, Mr. Sharpe?” quoth the
-millionaire senior partner of the firm of Greenbaum,
-Lazarus &amp; Co. “I hope you are well?”
-He bent his head to one side, his eyes full of a
-caressing scrutiny, as though to ascertain the exact
-condition of Sharpe’s health. “Yes, you must
-be. I haven’t seen you look so fine in a long
-time.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You didn’t come up here just to tell me this,
-Greenbaum, did you? How’s your Turpentine?
-Oh!”—with a long whistle—“I see. You want
-me to go into it, hey?” And he laughed—a sort
-of half-chuckle, half-snarl.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Greenbaum looked at him admiringly; then,
-with a tentative smile, he said: “I am discovered!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Nearly every American may be met as an equal
-on the field of Humor. To jest in business matters
-of the greatest importance bespoke the national
-trait. Moreover, if Sharpe declined, Greenbaum
-could treat the entire affair—the proposal
-and the rejection—as parts of a joke.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well?” said Sharpe, unhumorously.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What’s the matter with a pool?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>“How big?” coldly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Up to the limit.” Again the Trust-maker
-smiled, uncertainly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You haven’t all the capital stock, I hope.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, call it 100,000 shares,” said Greenbaum,
-more uncertainly and less jovially.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Who is to be in it besides you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, you know; the same old crowd.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, I know,” mimicked Mr. Sharpe, scornfully,
-“the same old crowd. You ought to have come
-to me before; it will take something to overcome
-your own reputations. How much will each
-take?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“We’ll fix that O. K. if you take hold,” answered
-Greenbaum, laughingly. “We’ve got over
-100,000 shares and we’d rather some one else held
-some of it. We ain’t hogs. Ha! Ha!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But, the distillers?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“They are in the pool. I’ve got most of their
-stock in my office. I’ll see that it does not come
-out until I say so.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>There was a pause. Between Sharpe’s eyebrows
-were two deep lines. At length, he said:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Bring your friends here, this afternoon. Good-by,
-Greenbaum. And, I say, Greenbaum.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No funny tricks at any stage of the game.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>“What’s the use of saying such things, Mr.
-Sharpe?” with an experimental frown.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“The use is so you won’t try any. Come at
-four,” and Mr. Sharpe began to pace up and down
-the room. Greenbaum hesitated, still frowning
-tentatively; but he said nothing and at length
-went out.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sharpe looked at the tape. “Turp” was 29¼.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He resumed his restless march back and forth.
-It was only when the market “went against him”
-that Mr. Sharpe did not pace about the room in
-the mechanical way of a menagerie animal, glancing
-everywhere but seeing nothing. When something
-unexpected happened in the market Sharpe stood
-immobile beside the ticker, because his overworked
-nerves were tense—like a tiger into
-whose cage there enters a strange and eatable
-animal.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>On the minute of four there called on Mr.
-Sharpe the senior partners of the firms of Greenbaum,
-Lazarus &amp; Co., I. &amp; S. Wechsler, Morris
-Steinfelder’s Sons, Reis &amp; Stern, Kohn, Fischel &amp;
-Co., Silberman &amp; Lindheim, Rosenthal, Shaffran
-&amp; Co., and Zeman Bros.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>They were ushered not into the private office,
-but into a sumptuously furnished room, the walls
-of which were covered with dashing oil paintings
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>of horses and horse-races. The visitors seated
-themselves about a long oaken table.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Sharpe appeared at the threshold.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How do you do, gentlemen? Don’t move,
-please; don’t move.” He made no motion to
-shake hands with any of them, but Greenbaum
-came to him and held out his fat dexter resolutely
-and Sharpe took it. Then Greenbaum sat down
-and said, “We’re here,” and smiled, blandly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sharpe stood at the head of the polished, shining
-table, and glanced slowly down the double
-row of alert faces. His look rested a fraction of
-a minute on each man’s eyes—a sharp, half-contemptuous,
-almost menacing look that made the
-older men uncomfortable and the younger resentful.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Greenbaum tells me you wish to pool your
-Turpentine stock and have me market it for
-you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>All nodded; a few said “yes”; one—Lindheim,
-<em>aetat 27</em>—said, flippantly, “That’s what.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Very well. What will each man’s proportion
-be?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I have a list here, Sharpe,” put in Greenbaum.
-He intentionally omitted the “Mr.” for
-effect upon his colleagues. Sharpe noted it, but
-did not mind it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>Sharpe read aloud:</p>
-
-<table class='table2' summary=''>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Greenbaum, Lazarus &amp; Co</td>
- <td class='c007'>38,000 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>I. &amp; S. Wechsler</td>
- <td class='c007'>14,000 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Morris Steinfelder’s Sons</td>
- <td class='c007'>14,000 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Reis &amp; Stern</td>
- <td class='c007'>11,000 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Kohn, Fischel &amp; Co</td>
- <td class='c007'>10,000 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Silberman &amp; Lindheim</td>
- <td class='c007'>9,000 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Rosenthal, Shaffran &amp; Co</td>
- <td class='c007'>9,800 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>Zeman Bros</td>
- <td class='c007'>8,600 shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class='c007'>______________</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c006'>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class='c007'>&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c009'>Total</td>
- <td class='c007'>114,400 shares.</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Is that correct, gentlemen?” asked Sharpe.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Greenbaum nodded his head and smiled affably
-as befitted the holder of the biggest block. Some
-said “Yes”; others, “That is correct.” Young
-Lindheim said, “That’s what.” The founders of
-the firm—his uncle and his father—were dead,
-and he had inherited the entire business from the
-two. His flippancy was not inherited from either.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It is understood,” said Sharpe, slowly, “that
-I am to have complete charge of the pool, and
-conduct operations as I see fit. I want no advice
-and no questions. If there is any asking
-to be done, I’ll do it. If my way does not suit
-you we’ll call the deal off right here, because it’s
-the only way I have. I know my business, and if
-you know yours you’ll keep your mouths shut in
-this office and out of it.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>No one said a word, not even Lindheim.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Each of you will continue to carry the stock
-for which he has agreed to stand in the pool.
-You’ve had it a year and couldn’t sell it, and you
-might keep it a few weeks more, until I sell it for
-you. It must be subject to my call at one
-minute’s notice. I’ve looked into the company’s
-business, and I think the stock can easily sell at
-75 or 80.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Something like a gasp of astonishment came
-from those eight hardened speculators. Then
-Greenbaum smiled, knowingly, as if that were his
-programme, memorized and spoken by Sharpe.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It is also understood,” went on Sharpe, very
-calmly, “that none of you has any other stock for
-sale at any price, excepting his proportion in this
-pool, and that proportion, of course, is not to be
-sold excepting by me.” No one said a word, and
-he continued:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“My profit will be 25 per cent of the pool’s
-winnings, figuring on the stock having been put
-in at 29. The remaining profits will be divided
-pro rata among you; the necessary expenses will
-be shared similarly. I think that’s all. And,
-gentlemen, no unloading on the sly—not one
-share.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I want you to understand, Mr. Sharpe, that
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>we are not in the habit of—” began Greenbaum
-with perfunctory dignity. He felt it was his
-duty to remonstrate before his colleagues.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, that’s all right, Greenbaum. I know
-you. That’s why I’m particular. We’ve all
-been in Wall Street more than a month or two.
-I simply said, ‘No shenanigan.’ And, Greenbaum,”
-he added, very distinctly, while his eyes
-took on that curious, cold, menacing look, “I
-mean it, every d——d word of it. I want the
-numbers of all your stock-certificates. Excuse
-me, gentlemen. I am very busy. Good-afternoon.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And that is how the famous bull pool in
-Turpentine came to be formed. They thought he
-might have been nicer, more diplomatic; but as
-they had sought him, not he them, they bore
-with his eccentricities. Each pool manager had
-his way, just as there are various kinds of
-pools.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Sam is not half a bad fellow,” Greenbaum told
-them, as if apologizing for a dear friend’s weaknesses.
-“He wants to make out he is a devil of a
-cynic, but he’s all right. If you humor him you
-can make him do anything. <em>I</em> always let him
-have his way.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>On the very next day began the historical advance
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>in Turpentine. It opened up at 30. The
-specialists—brokers who made a specialty of dealing
-in it—took 16,000 shares, causing an advance
-to 32⅛. Everybody who had been “landed” with
-the shares at higher figures, and had bitterly regretted
-it ever since, now began to feel hopeful.
-As never before a stock had been manipulated,
-with intent to deceive and malice prepense, so did
-Sharpe manipulate Turpentine stock. The tape
-told the most wonderful stories in the world, not
-the less wonderful because utterly untrue. Thus,
-one day the leading commission houses in the Street
-were the buyers, which inevitably led to talk of
-“important developments”; and the next day
-brokers identified with certain prominent financiers
-took calmly, deliberately, nonchalantly, all the
-offerings; which clearly indicated that the aforementioned
-financiers had acquired a “controlling
-interest”—the majority of the stock—of the
-American Turpentine Company. And on another
-day there was a long string of purchases of “odd”
-lots—amounts less than 100 shares—by brokers
-that usually did business for the Greenbaum syndicate,
-meaning that friends of the syndicate had
-received a “tip” straight from “the inside” and
-were buying for investment.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Then, one fine, sunshiny day, when everybody felt
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>very well and the general market was particularly
-firm, the loquacious tape told the watchful professional
-gamblers of Wall Street—oh, so plainly!—that
-there was “inside realizing”; said, almost
-articulately to them, that the people most familiar
-with the property were unloading. Sharpe was
-selling, with intentional clumsiness, stock he had
-been forced to accumulate during his bull manipulation—for
-in order to advance the price he
-had to buy much—and he was not averse to conveying
-such impressions as would lead to the
-creation of a short interest, large enough to make
-it profitable to “squeeze.” He had too much
-company on the bull side. And sure enough the
-professional gamblers said: “Aha! They are
-through with it. The movement is over!” and
-sold “Turp” short confidently, for a worthless
-stock had no business to be selling at $46 a share.
-The price yielded and they sold more the next
-day. But lo, on the day following, the Board
-member of a very conservative house went into
-the “Turp” crowd and bought it—he did not
-“bid up” the price at all, but bought and bought
-until he had accumulated 20,000 shares, and the
-bears became panic-stricken, and rumors of a
-nearby dividend began to circulate, and the bears
-covered their shorts at a loss and “went long”—bought
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>in the hope of a further rise—and the
-stock closed at 52.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And Sharpe reduced very greatly the amount
-of “Turp” stock he had been obliged to take for
-manipulative purposes. So far he was buying
-more than he sold. Later he would sell more
-than he bought. When the demand exceeds the
-vendible supply, obviously the price rises; when
-the supply for sale exceeds the demand, a fall results.
-But the average selling price of a big line
-may be high enough to make the operation profitable,
-even though a decline occurs during the
-course of the selling.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>For a week “Turp” rested; then it began to
-rise once more. At 56 and 58 it became the
-most active stock of the entire list. Everybody
-talked about it. The newspapers began to publish
-statements of the company’s wonderful earnings,
-and the Street began to think that, in
-common with other “trusts,” the American Turpentine
-Company must be a very prosperous concern.
-The company at this time developed a
-habit of advancing prices a fraction of a cent per
-gallon every week, so that the papers could talk
-of the boom in the turpentine trade.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At 60 the Street thought there really must be
-something behind the movement, for no mere
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>manipulation could put up the price thirty points
-in a month’s time, which shows what a wonderful
-artist Sharpe was. And people began to look
-curiously and admiringly and enviously and in
-many other ways at “Jakey” Greenbaum and
-his accomplices, and to accuse them of having intentionally
-kept down the price of the stock for
-a year in order to “freeze out” the poor, unsophisticated
-stockholders, and to “tire out” some
-of the early buyers, because “Turp,” being “a
-good thing,” Greenbaum <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">et al.</span></i> wanted it all for
-themselves. And Greenbaum <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">et al.</span></i> smiled guiltily
-and said nothing, though Jakey winked
-from time to time when they spoke to him about
-it; and old Isidore Wechsler cultivated a Napoleon
-III. look of devilish astuteness; and “Bob”
-Lindheim became almost dignified; and myopic
-little Morris Steinfelder gained 15 pounds and
-Rosenthal stopped patting everybody on the
-back, and mutely invited everybody to pat him
-on the back.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Then Sharpe sent for “Jakey,” and on the
-next day young “Eddie” Lazarus swaggeringly
-offered to wager $10,000 against $5,000 that a
-dividend on “Turp” stock would be declared
-during the year. Whereupon the newspapers of
-their own accord began to guess how great a dividend
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>would be paid, and when; and various figures
-were mentioned in the Board room by brokers
-who confided to their hearers that they “got
-it on the dead q. t., <em>straight from the inside</em>.”
-And two days later Sharpe’s unsuspected brokers
-offered to pay 1¾ per cent for the dividend on
-100,000 shares, said dividend to be declared
-within sixty days or the money forfeited. And
-the stock sold up to 66¾, and the public wanted
-it. A big, broad market had been established,
-in which one could buy or sell the stock with
-ease by the tens of thousands of shares. The
-114,400 shares, which at the inception of the
-movement at the unsalable price of $30 a share
-represented a theoretical $3,432,000, now readily
-vendible at $65 a share, meant $7,422,000; not
-half bad for a few weeks’ work.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And still Sharpe, wonderful man that he was,
-gave no sign that he was about to begin unloading.
-Whereupon the other members of the
-pool began to wish he were not quite so greedy.
-They were satisfied to quit, they said. The presence
-of the pool’s stock in their offices began to
-irritate them. They knew the vicissitudes of life,
-the uncertainties of politics, and of the stock
-market. Supposing some crazy anarchist blew
-up the President of the United States, or the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>Emperor of Germany were to insult his grandmother,
-the market would “break” to pieces, and
-their $4,000,000 of paper profits would disappear.
-They implored, individually and collectively,
-Mr. Jacob Greenbaum to call on Sharpe;
-and Greenbaum, disregarding a still, small voice
-that warned him against it, went to Sharpe’s
-office, and came out of it, two minutes later,
-somewhat flushed, and assured his colleagues one
-by one that Sharpe was all right, and that he
-seemed to know his business. Also, that he was
-cranky that day. He always was, added Greenbaum
-forgivingly, when one of his horses lost a
-race.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The stock fluctuated between 60 and 65. It
-seemed to be having a resting spell. But as it
-had enjoyed these periods of repose on three several
-occasions during the rise—at 40 and 48 and
-56–-the public became all the more eager to buy
-it whenever it fell to 60 or 59, for the Street was
-now full of tips that “Turp” would go to par.
-And such was the public’s speculative temper and
-Mr. Sharpe’s good work that disinterested observers
-were convinced the stock would surely sell
-above 90 at the very least. Mr. Sharpe still
-bought and sold, but he sold twice as much as
-he bought, and the big block he had been obliged
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>to take in the course of his manipulation diminished.
-On the next day he hoped to begin selling
-the pool stock.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>That very day Mr. Greenbaum, as he returned
-to his office from his luncheon, felt well pleased
-with the meal and therefore with himself and
-therefore with everything. He scanned a yard or
-two of the tape and smiled. “Turp” was certainly
-very active and very strong.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“In such a market,” thought Mr. Greenbaum,
-“Sharpe can’t possibly tell he’s getting stock
-from me. In order to be on the safe side I’m going
-to let him have a couple of thousand. Then,
-should anything happen, I’d be that much ahead.
-Ike!” he called to a clerk.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, sir.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Sell two—wait; make it 3,000–-no, never
-mind. Send for Mr. Ed Lazarus.” And he
-muttered to himself, with a sub-thrill of pleasure:
-“I can just as well as not make it 5,000 shares.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Eddie,” he said to his partner’s son, “give an
-order to some of the room traders, say to Willie
-Schiff, to sell five—er—six—tell him to sell
-7,000 shares of Turpentine and to borrow the
-stock. I am not selling a share, see?” with a
-wink. “It’s short selling by him, do you understand?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>“Do I? Well, I guess. I’ll fix that part O.K.,”
-said young Lazarus, complacently. He thought he
-would cover Greenbaum’s tracks so well as to deceive
-everybody, including that highly disagreeable man,
-Samuel Wimbleton Sharpe. He felt so confident,
-so elated, did the young man, that when he gave
-the order to his friend and club-mate, Willie
-Schiff, he raised it to 10,000 shares. Greenbaum’s
-breach of faith had grown from the relatively
-small lot of 2,000 shares to five times that
-amount. It was to all appearances short stock,
-and it was duly “borrowed” by young Schiff. It
-was advisable that it should so appear. In the
-first place no member of the pool could supply the
-stock which he held, because Sharpe could trace
-the selling to the office, as he had the numbers of
-the stock certificates. And, again, short selling
-does not have the weakening effect that long selling
-has. When stock is sold short it is evident
-that sooner or later the seller will have to buy it
-back; that is, a future demand for the stock is
-assured from this source, if from no other.
-Whereas, long stock is that actually held by some
-one.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Isidore Wechsler, who held 14,000 shares, was
-suffering from a bad liver the same day that
-Greenbaum was suffering from nothing at all, not
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>even a conscience. A famous art collection would
-be sold at auction that week, and he felt sure his
-vulgar friend, “Abe” Wolff, would buy a couple
-of exceptionally fine Troyons and a world-famous
-Corot, merely to get his name in the papers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“‘Turp,’ 62⅞,” said his nephew, who was standing
-by the ticker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Then old Wechsler had an idea. If he sold
-2,000 shares of Turpentine at 62 or 63, he would
-have enough to buy the best ten canvases of the
-collection. His name—and the amounts paid—would
-grace the columns of the papers. What
-was 3,000 shares, or even 4,000, when Sharpe had
-made such a big, broad market for the stock?</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why, I might as well make it 5,000 shares
-while I’m about it, for there’s no telling what may
-happen if Sharpe should overstay his market.
-I’ll build a new stable at Westhurst”—his country
-place—“and call it,” said old Wechsler to
-himself, in his peculiar, facetious way so renowned
-in Wall Street, “the Turpentine Horse Hotel, in
-honor of Sharpe.” And so his 5,000 shares were
-sold by E. Halford, who had the order from Herzog,
-Wertheim &amp; Co., who received it from Wechsler.
-It was short selling, of course.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Total breach of faith, 15,000 shares.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Now that very evening Bob Lindheim’s extremely
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>handsome wife wanted a necklace, and
-wanted it at once; also she wanted it of filbert-sized
-diamonds. She had heard her husband speak
-highly of Sam Sharpe’s masterly manipulation of
-Turpentine, and she knew he was “in on the
-ground floor.” She read the newspapers, and she
-always followed the stock market diligently, for
-Bob, being young and loving, used to give her a
-share in his stock deals from time to time, and
-she learned to figure for herself her “paper” or
-theoretical profits, when there were any, so that
-Bob couldn’t have “welched” if he had wished.
-On this particular evening she had statistics ready
-for him, showing how much money he had made;
-and she wanted that necklace. She had longed
-for it for months. It cost only $17,000. But
-there was also a lovely bracelet, diamonds and
-rubies, and——</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Lindheim, to his everlasting credit, remonstrated
-and told her: “Wait until the pool realizes,
-sweetheart. I don’t know at what price that
-will be, for Sharpe says nothing. But I know
-we’ll all make something handsome, and so will
-you. I’ll give you 500 shares at 30. There!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But I want it now!” she protested, pouting.
-She was certainly beautiful, and when she pouted,
-with her rich, red lips——</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>“Wait a week, dear,” he urged nevertheless.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Lend me the money now, and I’ll pay it back
-to you when you give me what I make on the
-deal,” she said, with fine finality. And seeing
-hesitation in Bob’s face, she added, solemnly:
-“Honest, I will, Bob. I’ll pay you back every
-cent, this time.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’ll think about it,” said Bob. He always
-said it when he had capitulated, and she knew it,
-and so she said, magnanimously: “Very well,
-dear.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Lindheim thought 1,000 shares would do it, so
-he decided to sell a thousand the next day, for
-you can never tell what may happen, and accidents
-seldom help the bulls. But as he thought
-of it in his office more calmly, more deliberately,
-away from his wife and from the influence she exercised
-over him, it struck him forcibly that it was
-wrong to sell 1,000 shares of Turpentine stock.
-He might as well as not make it 2,500; and he
-did. He was really a modest fellow, and very
-young. His wife’s cousin sold the stock for him,
-apparently short.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Total breach of faith, 17,500 shares. The
-market stood it well. Sharpe was certainly a wonderful
-chap.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Unfortunately, Morris Steinfelder, Jr., decided
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>to sell 1,500 “Turp,” and did so. The stock
-actually rose a half point on his sales. So he sold
-another 1,500, and, as a sort of parting shot, 500
-shares more. All this through an unsuspected
-broker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Total breach of faith, 21,000 shares. The
-market was but slightly affected.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Then Louis Reis of Reis &amp; Stern, “Andy”
-Fischel of Kohn, Fischel &amp; Co., Hugo Zeman of
-Zeman Bros., and “Joe” Shaffran of Rosenthal,
-Shaffran &amp; Co., all thought they could break
-their pledges to Sharpe with impunity, and each
-sold, to be on the safe side. This last lump figured
-up as follows:</p>
-
-<table class='table3' summary=''>
- <tr>
- <th class='btt bbt brt c011'></th>
- <th class='btt bbt brt c012'>Sales First Contemplated.</th>
- <th class='btt bbt brt c012'>Period of Hesitancy.</th>
- <th class='btt bbt c012'>Actual Sales.</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='brt c011'>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class='brt c012'>Shares.</td>
- <td class='brt c012'>Minutes.</td>
- <td class='c012'>Shares.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='brt c011'>Louis Reis</td>
- <td class='brt c013'>1,500</td>
- <td class='brt c012'>3</td>
- <td class='c013'>2,600</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='brt c011'>Andy Fischel</td>
- <td class='brt c013'>2,000</td>
- <td class='brt c012'>15</td>
- <td class='c013'>5,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='brt c011'>Hugo Zeman</td>
- <td class='brt c013'>1,000</td>
- <td class='brt c012'>0</td>
- <td class='c013'>1,000</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='bbt brt c011'>Joe Shaffran</td>
- <td class='bbt brt c013'>500</td>
- <td class='bbt brt c014'>1¾</td>
- <td class='bbt c013'>1,800</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c000'>Total breach of faith, 31,400 shares.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The market did not take it well. Sharpe, endeavoring
-to realize on the remainder of his manipulative
-purchases, found that “some one had
-been there before him.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span>An accurate list of the buyers and sellers was
-sent in every day by his lieutenants, for all but
-the most skilful operators invariably betray themselves
-when they attempt to sell a big block of
-stock. He scanned it very carefully now, and
-put two and two together; and he made certain
-inquiries and put four and four together—four
-names and four other names. He saw through
-the time-worn device of the fictitious short selling.
-He knew the only people who would dare sell
-such a large amount must be his colleagues. He
-also was convinced that their breach of faith was
-not a concerted effort, because if they had discussed
-the matter they would have sold a smaller
-quantity. He knew where nearly every share of
-the stock was. It was his business to know everything
-about it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Two,” he said to his secretary, “may play at
-that game.” And he began to play.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>By seemingly reckless, plunging purchases he
-started the stock rushing upward with a vengeance-–63,
-64, 65, 66, four points in as many minutes.
-The floor of the Stock Exchange was the
-scene of the wildest excitement. The market—why,
-the market was simply Turpentine. Everybody
-was buying it, and everybody was wondering
-how high it would go, Greenbaum and the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span>other seven included. It looked as if the stock
-had resumed its triumphant march to par.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Then Sharpe called in all the stock his brokers
-were loaning to the shorts, and he himself began
-to borrow it. This, together with the legitimate
-requirements of the big short interest, created a
-demand so greatly in excess of the supply that
-Turpentine loaned at a sixty-fourth, at a thirty-second,
-at an eighth, and finally at a quarter premium
-over night. It meant that the shorts had
-either to cover or to pay $25 per diem for the
-use of each 100 shares of stock they borrowed.
-On the 31,400 shares that the syndicate was borrowing
-it meant an expense of nearly $8,000 a
-day; and in addition the stock was rising in
-price. The shorts were losing at the rate of
-many thousands a minute. There was no telling
-where the end would be, but it certainly looked
-stormy for both the real and the fictitious shorts.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Sharpe sent a peremptory message to
-Greenbaum, Lazarus &amp; Co.; I. &amp; M. Wechsler;
-Morris Steinfelder’s Sons; Reis &amp; Stern; Kohn,
-Fischel &amp; Co.; Silberman &amp; Lindheim; Rosenthal,
-Shaffran &amp; Co.; and Zeman Bros. It was
-the same message to all:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“<em>Send me at once all your Turpentine stock!</em>”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>There was consternation and dismay, also admiration
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span>and self-congratulation, among the recipients
-of the message. They would have to buy
-back in the open market the stock they had sold
-a few days before. It would mean losses on the
-treasonable transactions of fully a quarter of a
-million, but the pool “stood to win” simply fabulous
-sums, if Mr. Sharpe did his duty.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>There were some large blocks of stock for sale
-at 66, but Sharpe’s brokers cleared the figures
-with a fierce, irresistible rush, whooping exultantly.
-The genuine short interest was simply panic-stricken,
-and atop it all there came orders to buy
-an aggregate of 31,400 shares—orders from
-Messrs. Greenbaum, Wechsler, Lindheim, Steinfelder,
-Reis, Fischel, Shaffran, and Zeman. The
-stock rose grandly on their buying: 4,000 shares
-at 66; 2,200 at 66⅜; 700 at 67⅝; 1,200 at 68;
-3,200 at 69½; 2,000 at 70; 5,700 at 70½; 1,200
-at 72. Total, 31,400 shares bought in by
-the “Skindicate.” Total, 31,400 shares sold by
-Samuel Wimbleton Sharpe to his own associates
-in the great Turpentine pool. In all he found
-buyers for 41,700 shares that day, but it had
-taken purchases of exactly 21,100 to “stampede
-the shorts” earlier in the day, and in addition he
-held 17,800 shares acquired in the course of his
-bull manipulation, which had not been disposed of
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>when he discovered the breach of faith, so that at
-the day’s close he found himself not only without
-a share of stock manipulatively purchased, but
-“short” for his personal account of 2,800 shares.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The newspapers published picturesque accounts
-of the “Great Day in Turpentine.” A powerful
-clique, they said, owned so much of the stock—had
-“cornered” it—that they could easily
-mark up the price to any figure. They called it
-a “memorable squeeze.” It was hinted also that
-Mr. Sharpe had been on the wrong side of the
-market, and one paper gave a wealth of details
-and statistics in bold, bad type to prove that the
-wily bear leader had been caught short of 75,000
-shares, and had covered at a loss of $1,500,000.
-A newspaper man whose relations with Sharpe
-were intimate asked him, very carelessly: “What
-the deuce caused the rise in Turpentine?” and
-Sharpe drawled: “I don’t know for a certainty,
-but I rather imagine it was inside buying!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>On the next day came the second chapter of
-the big Turpentine deal. Mr. Sharpe, having received
-the pool’s 114,400 shares, divided it into
-three lots, 40,000 shares, 50,000 shares, and 24,400
-shares. The market had held fairly strong,
-but the lynx-eyed room traders failed to perceive
-the usual “support” in “Turp” and began to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span>sell it in order to make sure. There was enough
-commission-house buying and belated short-covering
-to keep it moderately steady. Then the
-room traders redoubled their efforts to depress it,
-by selling more than there were buying orders
-for; also by selling it cheaper than was warranted
-by the legitimate demand for the stock. It was
-a favorite trick to offer to sell thousands of shares
-lower than people were willing to pay, in order to
-frighten the timid holders and make them sell;
-which in turn would make still others sell, until
-the movement became general enough to cause a
-substantial fall.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Slowly the price began to yield. All that was
-needed was a leader. Whereupon Mr. Sharpe
-took the first lot of pool stock, 40,000 shares,
-and hurled it full at the market. The impact was
-terrible; the execution appalling. The market
-reeled crazily. The stock, which after selling up
-to 72¾ had “closed” on the previous day at 71⅞,
-dropped twenty points and closed at 54. The
-newspapers said that the corner was “busted”;
-that the “squeeze” was over. Hundreds of people
-slept ill that night. Scores did not sleep at all.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>On the next day he fired by volleys 50,000
-shares more at the market. The stock sank to
-41¼. Such a break was almost unprecedented.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>The Street asked itself if it were not on the eve
-of a crash that would become historic in a district
-whose chronology is reckoned by big market
-movements.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Greenbaum rushed to Sharpe’s office. The terrible
-break gave him courage to do anything. A
-Wall Street worm will turn when the market
-misbehaves itself.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What’s the matter?” he asked angrily.
-“What are you doing to Turpentine?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sharpe looked him full in the face, but his
-voice was even and emotionless as he replied:
-“Somebody has been selling on us. I don’t know
-who. I wish I did. I was afraid I might have
-to take 100,000 shares more, so I just sold as
-much as I could. I’ve marketed most of the
-pool’s stock. If it had not been for the jag of
-stock I struck around 60 and 62, Turpentine
-would be selling at 85 or 90 to-day. Come
-again next week, Greenbaum; and keep cool.
-Did you ever know me to fail? Good-by, Greenbaum;
-and don’t raise your voice when you speak
-to me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“This has gone too far,” said Greenbaum,
-hotly. “You must give me an explanation or by
-Heaven I’ll——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Greenbaum,” said Mr. Sharpe, in a listless
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>voice, “don’t get excited. Good-by, Greenbaum.
-Be virtuous and you will be happy.” And he
-resumed his caged-tiger pacing up and down his
-office. As by magic, Mr. Sharpe’s burly private
-secretary appeared, and said: “This way, Mr.
-Greenbaum,” and led the dazed Trust-maker from
-the office. On his return Sharpe told him:
-“There is no need to accuse those fellows of
-breach of faith. They’d deny it.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The next day Mr. Sharpe simply poured the
-remaining 25,000 shares of the pool’s stock on
-the market as one pours water from a pitcher into
-a cup. The bears had it all their own way. The
-loquacious tape said, ever so plainly: “This is
-nothing but inside liquidation, all the more
-dangerous and ominous since it is at such low
-figures and is so urgent in its character. Heaven
-alone can tell where it will end; and there is no
-telephone communication thither.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Everybody was selling because somebody had
-started a rumor that the courts had dissolved the
-company for gross violation of the Anti-Trust
-law, and that a receiver had been appointed.
-Having sold out the last of the pool’s stock, Mr.
-Sharpe “took in” at $22 a share the 2,800 shares
-which he had put out at $72, a total profit on
-his small “line” of $140,000.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>Turpentine stock had declined fifty points in
-fifteen business hours. It meant a shrinkage in
-the market value of the company’s capital stock
-of $15,000,000. The shrinkage in the self-esteem
-of some of the pool was measurable only
-in billions.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sharpe notified his associates that the pool had
-completely realized—<i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">i.e.</span></i>, had sold out—and that
-he would be pleased to meet them at his office on
-Monday—this was Thursday—at eleven <span class='sc'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">A.M.</span></span>,
-when he would have checks and an accounting
-ready for them. He refused himself to Greenbaum,
-Wechsler, Zeman, Shaffran, and others
-who called to see what could be done to save
-their reputations from the wreck of Turpentine.
-The stalwart private secretary told them that Mr.
-Sharpe was out of town. He was a very polite
-man, was the secretary; and an amateur boxer of
-great proficiency.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Failing to find Sharpe, they hastily organized a
-new pool, of a self-protective character, and sent
-in “supporting” orders. They were obliged to
-take large quantities of stock that day and the
-next in order to prevent a worse smash, which
-would hurt them in other directions. They found
-themselves with more than 50,000 shares on their
-hands, and the price was only 26 @ 28. And
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>merely to try to sell the stock at that time
-threatened to start a fresh Turpentine panic.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>They met Sharpe on Monday. His speech was
-not so short as usual. He had previously sent to
-each man an envelope containing a check and a
-statement, and now he said, in a matter-of-fact
-tone:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Gentlemen and Greenbaum, you all know
-what I did for Turpentine on the up-tack.
-Around 62 I began to strike some stock which I
-couldn’t account for. I knew none of you had
-any for sale, of course, as you had pledged me
-your honorable words not to sell, save through
-me. But the stock kept coming out, even though
-the sellers borrowed against it, as if it were short
-stock, and I began to fear I had met an inexhaustible
-supply. It is always best on such
-occasions to act promptly, and so, after driving in
-the real shorts, I sold out our stock. The average
-selling price was 40. If it had not been for that
-mysterious selling it would have been 80. After
-commissions and other legitimate pool expenses, I
-find we have made nine points net, or $1,029,600,
-of which 25 per cent., or $250,000, come to me
-according to the agreement. It is too bad some
-people didn’t know enough to hold their stock for
-90. But I find Wall Street is full of uncertainties—there
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>is so much stupidity in the district.
-I trust you are satisfied. In view of the circumstances,
-I am. Yes, indeed. Good-day, gentlemen;
-and you too, Greenbaum, good-day.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>There was nothing tigerish about him. He
-was affable and polished; they could see that he
-seemed pleased to the purring point. He nodded
-to them and went into his inner office.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>They blustered and fumed among themselves
-and gained courage thereby and tried Sharpe’s
-door and found it locked. They knocked thereon,
-vehemently, and the ubiquitous private secretary
-came out and told them that Mr. Sharpe had an
-important engagement and could not be disturbed,
-but that he was authorized to discuss any item of
-the statement, and he had charge of all the
-vouchers, in the shape of brokers’ reports, etc.
-So they expressed their opinions of the private
-secretary and of his master rather mildly, and
-went out, crestfallen. Outside they compared
-notes, and in a burst of honesty they confessed.
-Then, illogically enough, they cursed Sharpe.
-The pool was not “ahead of the game.” They
-had so much more stock on their hands than they
-desired, that in reality they were heavy losers!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And as time wore on they had to buy more
-“Turp”; and more “Turp”; and still more
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>“Turp.” They thought they could emulate
-Sharpe and rush the price up irresistibly, at any
-rate up to 50. They declared a dividend of 2
-per cent on the stock. But they could not
-market Turpentine. Again and again they tried,
-and again and again they failed. And each time
-the failure was worse because they had to take
-more stock.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It is now quoted at 16 @ 18. But it is not
-readily vendible at that figure; nor, indeed, at any
-price. Opposition distilleries are starting up in
-all the turpentine districts, and the trade outlook
-is gloomy. And the principal owners of the
-stock of the American Turpentine Company,
-holding among them not less than 140,000 out
-of the entire issue of 300,000 unvendible shares,
-are the famous “Greenbaum Skindicate.”</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>THE TIPSTER</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span>Gilmartin was still laughing professionally at the
-prospective buyer’s funny story when the telephone
-on his desk buzzed. He said: “Excuse me for a
-minute, old man,” to the customer—Hopkins,
-the Connecticut manufacturer.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Hello; who is this?” he spoke into the transmitter.
-“Oh, how are you?—Yes—I was out—Is
-that so?—Too bad—Too bad—Yes; just
-my luck to be out. I might have known it!—Do
-you think so?—Well, then, sell the 200 Occidental
-common—You know best—What about
-Trolley?—Hold on?—All right; just as you
-say—I hope so—I don’t like to lose, and—Ha!
-Ha!—I guess so—Good-by.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It’s from my brokers,” explained Gilmartin,
-hanging up the receiver. “I’d have saved five hundred
-dollars if I had been here at half-past ten.
-They called me up to advise me to sell out, and the
-price is off over three points. I could have got out
-at a profit, this morning; but, no sir; not I. I
-had to be away, trying to buy some camphor.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Hopkins was impressed. Gilmartin perceived
-it and went on, with an air of comical wrath which
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span>he thought was preferable to indifference: “It
-isn’t the money I mind so much as the tough luck
-of it. I didn’t make my trade in camphor after
-all and I lost in stocks, when if I’d only waited
-five minutes more in the office I’d have got the
-message from my brokers and saved my five hundred.
-Expensive, my time is, eh?” with a woful
-shake of the head.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But you’re ahead of the game, aren’t you?”
-asked the customer, interestedly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, I guess yes. Just about twelve thousand.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>That was more than Gilmartin had made; but
-having exaggerated, he immediately felt very
-kindly disposed toward the Connecticut man.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Whew!” whistled Hopkins, admiringly.
-Gilmartin experienced a great tenderness toward
-him. The lie was made stingless by the customer’s
-credulity. This brought a smile of subtle relief
-to Gilmartin’s lips. He was a pleasant-faced,
-pleasant-voiced man of three-and-thirty. He exhaled
-health, contentment, neatness, and an easy
-conscience. Honesty and good-nature shone in
-his eyes. People liked to shake hands with him.
-It made his friends talk of his lucky star; and
-they envied him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I bought this yesterday for my wife; took it
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>out of a little deal in Trolley,” he told Hopkins,
-taking a small jewel-box from one of the desk’s
-drawers. It contained a diamond ring, somewhat
-showy but obviously quite expensive. Hopkins’
-semi-envious admiration made Gilmartin add,
-genially: “What do you say to lunch? I feel I am
-entitled to a glass of ‘fizz’ to forget my bad luck
-of this morning.” Then, in an exaggeratedly
-apologetic tone: “Nobody likes to lose five hundred
-dollars on an empty stomach!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“She’ll be delighted, of course,” said Hopkins,
-thinking of Mrs. Gilmartin. Mrs. Hopkins loved
-jewelry.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“She’s the nicest little woman that ever lived.
-Whatever is mine, is hers; and what’s hers is her
-own. Ha! Ha! But,” becoming nicely serious,
-“all that I’ll make out of the stock market I’m
-going to put away for her, in her name. She can
-take better care of it than I; and, besides, she’s
-entitled to it, anyhow, for being so nice to me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>That is how he told what a good husband he
-was. He felt so pleased over it, that he went on,
-sincerely regretful: “She’s visiting friends in
-Pennsylvania or I’d ask you to dine with us.”
-And they went to a fashionable restaurant
-together.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Day after day Gilmartin thought persistently
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>that Maiden Lane was too far from Wall Street.
-There came a week in which he could have made
-four very handsome “turns” had he but been in
-the brokers’ office. He was out on business for
-his firm and when he returned the opportunity
-had gone, leaving behind it vivid visions of what
-might have been; also the conviction that time,
-tide and the ticker wait for no man. Instead of
-buying and selling quinine and balsams and essential
-oils for Maxwell &amp; Kip, drug brokers and importers,
-he decided to make the buying and selling
-of stocks and bonds his exclusive business. The
-hours were easy; the profits would be great. He
-would make enough to live on. He would not
-let the Street take away what it had given. That
-was the great secret: to know when to quit! He
-would be content with a moderate amount, wisely
-invested in gilt-edged bonds. And then he would
-bid the Street good-by forever.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Force of long business custom and the indefinable
-fear of new ventures for a time fought successfully
-his increasing ticker-fever. But one day
-his brokers wished to speak to him, to urge him
-to sell out his entire holdings, having been advised
-of an epoch-making resolution by Congress.
-They had received the news in advance from a
-Washington customer. Other brokers had important
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>connections in the Capital and therefore
-there was no time to lose. They dared not
-assume the responsibility of selling him out without
-his permission. Five minutes—five eternities!—passed
-before they could talk by telephone
-with him; and when he gave his order to
-sell, the market had broken five or six points.
-The news was “out.” The news-agencies’ slips
-were in the brokers’ offices and half of Wall
-Street knew. Instead of being among the first ten
-sellers Gilmartin was among the second hundred.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>II.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>The clerks gave him a farewell dinner. All
-were there, even the head office-boy to whom the
-two-dollar subscription was no light matter. The
-man who probably would succeed Gilmartin as
-manager, Jenkins, acted as toastmaster. He
-made a witty speech which ended with a neatly
-turned compliment. Moreover, he seemed sincerely
-sorry to bid good-by to the man whose departure
-meant promotion—which was the nicest compliment
-of all. And the other clerks—old Williamson,
-long since ambition-proof; and young Hardy,
-bitten ceaselessly by it; and middle-aged Jameson,
-who knew he could run the business much
-better than Gilmartin; and Baldwin, who never
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>thought of business in or out of the office—all
-told him how good he had been and related corroborative
-anecdotes that made him blush and the
-others cheer; and how sorry they were he would
-no longer be with them, but how glad he was going
-to do so much better by himself; and they
-hoped he would not “cut” them when he met
-them after he had become a great millionaire.
-And Gilmartin felt his heart grow soft and feelings
-not all of happiness came over him. Danny,
-the dean of the office boys, whose surname was
-known only to the cashier, rose and said, in the
-tones of one speaking of a dear departed friend:
-“He was the best man in the place. He always
-was all right.” Everybody laughed; whereupon
-Danny went on, with a defiant glare at the others:
-“I’d work for him for nothin’ if he’d want me,
-instead of gettin’ ten a week from anyone else.”
-And when they laughed the harder at this he said,
-stoutly: “Yes, I would!” His eyes filled with
-tears at their incredulity, which he feared might
-be shared by Mr. Gilmartin. But the toastmaster
-rose very gravely and said: “What’s the matter
-with Danny?” And all shouted in unison:
-“He’s all right!” with a cordiality so heartfelt
-that Danny smiled and sat down, blushing happily.
-And crusty Jameson, who knew he could
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span>run the business so much better than Gilmartin,
-stood up—he was the last speaker—and began:
-“In the ten years I’ve worked with Gilmartin,
-we’ve had our differences and—well—I—well—er—oh,
-DAMN IT!” and walked quickly to
-the head of the table and shook hands violently
-with Gilmartin for fully a minute, while all the
-others looked on in silence.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Gilmartin had been eager to go to Wall Street.
-But this leave-taking made him sad. The old
-Gilmartin who had worked with these men was
-no more and the new Gilmartin felt sorry. He
-had never stopped to think how much they cared
-for him nor indeed how very much he cared for
-them. He told them, very simply, he did not
-expect ever again to spend such pleasant years
-anywhere as at the old office; and as for his
-spells of ill-temper—oh, yes, they needn’t shake
-their heads; he knew he often was irritable—he
-had meant well and trusted they would forgive
-him. If he had his life to live over again he
-would try really to deserve all that they had said
-of him on this evening. And he was very, very
-sorry to leave them. “Very sorry, boys; very
-sorry. <em>Very</em> sorry!” he finished lamely, with a
-wistful smile. He shook hands with each man—a
-strong grip as though he were about to go on a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>journey from which he might never return—and
-in his heart of hearts there was a new doubt of
-the wisdom of going to Wall Street. But it was
-too late to draw back.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>They escorted him to his house. They wished
-to be with him to the last possible minute.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>III.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>Everybody in the drug trade seemed to think
-that Gilmartin was on the high road to Fortune.
-Those old business acquaintances and former competitors
-whom he happened to meet in the streetcars
-or in theatre lobbies always spoke to him
-as to a millionaire-to-be, in what they imagined
-was correct Wall Street jargon, to show him that
-they too knew something of the great game. But
-their efforts made him smile with a sense of superiority,
-at the same time that their admiration
-for his cleverness and their good-natured envy for
-his luck made his soul thrill joyously. Among
-his new friends in Wall Street also he found much
-to enjoy. The other customers—some of them
-very wealthy men—listened to his views regarding
-the market as attentively as he, later, felt it
-his polite duty to listen to theirs. The brokers
-themselves treated him as a “good fellow.” They
-cajoled him into trading often—every one-hundred
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>shares he bought or sold meant $12.50 to
-them—and when he won, they praised his unerring
-discernment. When he lost they soothed
-him by scolding him for his recklessness—just as
-a mother will treat her three-years-old’s fall as a
-great joke in order to deceive the child into
-laughing at its misfortune. It was an average
-office with an average clientele.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>From ten to three they stood before the quotation
-board and watched a quick-witted boy chalk
-the price-changes, which one or another of the
-customers read aloud from the tape as it came
-from the ticker. The higher stocks went the
-more numerous the customers became, being allured
-in great flocks to the Street by the tales of
-their friends, who had profited greatly by the rise.
-All were winning, for all were buying stocks in a
-bull market. They resembled each other marvellously,
-these men who differed so greatly in cast
-of features and complexion and age. Life to all
-of them was full of joy. The very ticker sounded
-mirthful; its clicking told of golden jokes. And
-Gilmartin and the other customers laughed heartily
-at the mildest of stories without even waiting
-for the point of the joke. At times their fingers
-clutched the air happily, as if they actually felt
-the good money the ticker was presenting to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>them. They were all neophytes at the great
-game—lambkins who were bleating blithely to
-inform the world what clever and formidable
-wolves they were. Some of them had sustained
-occasional losses; but these were trifling compared
-with their winnings.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>When the slump came all were heavily committed
-to the bull side. It was a bad slump. It
-was so unexpected—by the lambs—that all of
-them said, very gravely, it came like a thunderclap
-out of a clear sky. While it lasted, that is,
-while the shearing of the flock was proceeding, it
-was very uncomfortable. Those same joyous,
-winning stock-gamblers, with beaming faces, of
-the week before, were fear-clutched, losing stock-gamblers,
-with livid faces, on what they afterward
-called the day of the panic. It really was only a
-slump; rather sharper than usual. Too many
-lambs had been over-speculating. The wholesale
-dealers in securities—and insecurities—held
-very little of their own wares, having sold them
-to the lambs, and wanted them back now—cheaper.
-The customers’ eyes, as on happier days
-were intent on the quotation-board. Their
-dreams were rudely shattered; the fast horses
-some had all but bought joined the steam-yachts
-others almost had chartered. The beautiful homes
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>they had been building were torn down in the
-twinkling of an eye. And the demolisher of
-dreams and dwellings was the ticker, that instead
-of golden jokes, was now clicking financial death.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>They could not take their eyes from the board
-before them. Their own ruin, told in mournful
-numbers by the little machine, fascinated them.
-To be sure, poor Gilmartin said: “I’ve changed
-my mind about Newport. I guess I’ll spend the
-summer on my own <em>Hotel de Roof</em>!” And he
-grinned; but he grinned alone. Wilson, the dry
-goods man, who laughed so joyously at everybody’s
-jokes, was now watching, as if under a
-hypnotic spell, the lips of the man who sat on
-the high stool beside the ticker and called out the
-prices to the quotation boy. Now and again
-Wilson’s own lips made curious grimaces, as if
-speaking to himself. Brown, the slender, pale-faced
-man, was outside in the hall, pacing to and
-fro. All was lost, including honor. And he was
-afraid to look at the ticker, afraid to hear the
-prices shouted, yet hoping—for a miracle! Gilmartin
-came out from the office, saw Brown and
-said, with sickly bravado: “I held out as long as
-I could. But they got <em>my</em> ducats. A sporting
-life comes high, I tell you!” But Brown did not
-heed him and Gilmartin pushed the elevator-button
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>impatiently and cursed at the delay. He
-not only had lost the “paper” profits he had
-accumulated during the bull-market but all his
-savings of years had crumbled away beneath the
-strokes of the ticker that day. It was the same
-with all. They would not take a small loss at first
-but had held on, in the hope of a recovery that
-would “let them out even.” And prices had sunk
-and sunk until the loss was so great that it seemed
-only proper to hold on, if need be a year, for
-sooner or later prices must come back. But the
-break “shook them out,” and prices went just so
-much lower because so many people had to sell,
-whether they would or not.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>IV.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>After the slump most of the customers returned
-to their legitimate business—sadder, but it is to
-be feared, not much wiser men. Gilmartin, after
-the first numbing shock, tried to learn of fresh
-opportunities in the drug business. But his heart
-was not in his search. There was the shame of
-confessing defeat in Wall Street so soon after
-leaving Maiden Lane; but far stronger than this
-was the effect of the poison of gambling. If it
-was bad enough to be obliged to begin lower than
-he had been at Maxwell &amp; Kip’s, it was worse to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>condemn himself to long weary years of work in
-the drug business when his reward, if he remained
-strong and healthy, would consist merely in being
-able to save a few thousands. But a few lucky
-weeks in the stock market would win him back all
-he had lost—and more!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He should have begun in a small way while he
-was learning to speculate. He saw it now very
-clearly. Every one of his mistakes had been due
-to inexperience. He had imagined he knew the
-market. But it was only now that he really knew
-it and therefore it was only now, after the slump
-had taught him so much, that he could reasonably
-hope to succeed. His mind, brooding over his
-losses, definitely dismissed as futile the resumption
-of the purchase and sale of drugs, and dwelt persistently
-on the sudden acquisition of stock market
-wisdom. Properly applied, this wisdom ought to
-mean much to him. In a few weeks he was again
-spending his days before the quotation board,
-gossiping with those customers who had survived,
-giving and receiving advice. And as time passed
-the grip of Wall Street on his soul grew stronger
-until it strangled all other aspirations. He could
-talk, think, dream of nothing but stocks. He
-could not read the newspapers without thinking
-how the market would “take” the news contained
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>therein. If a huge refinery burnt down, with a
-loss to the “Trust” of $4,000,000, he sighed
-because he had not foreseen the catastrophe and
-had sold Sugar short. If a strike by the men of
-the Suburban Trolley Company led to violence
-and destruction of life and property, he cursed an
-unrelenting Fate because he had not had the prescience
-to “put out” a thousand shares of Trolley.
-And he constantly calculated to the last fraction
-of a point how much money he would have made
-if he had sold short just before the calamity at
-the very top prices and had covered his stock at
-the bottom. Had he only known! The atmosphere
-of the Street, the odor of speculation surrounded
-him on all sides, enveloped him like a
-fog, from which the things of the outside world
-appeared as though seen through a veil. He
-lived in the district where men do not say “Good-morning”
-on meeting one another, but “How’s the
-market?” or, when one asks: “How do you feel?”
-receives for an answer: “Bullish!” or “Bearish!”
-instead of a reply regarding the state of health.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At first, after the fatal slump, Gilmartin importuned
-his brokers to let him speculate on
-credit, in a small way. They did. They were
-kindly enough men and sincerely wished to help
-him. But luck ran against him. With the obstinacy
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span>of unsuperstitious gamblers he insisted on
-fighting Fate. He was a bull in a bear market;
-and the more he lost the more he thought the
-inevitable “rally” in prices was due. He bought
-in expectation of it and lost again and again, until
-he owed the brokers a greater sum than he could
-possibly pay; and they refused point blank to
-give him credit for another cent, disregarding his
-vehement entreaties to buy a last hundred, just
-one more chance, the last, because he would be
-sure to win. And, of course, the long-expected
-happened and the market went up with a rapidity
-that made the Street blink; and Gilmartin figured
-that had not the brokers refused his last order, he
-would have made enough to pay off the indebtedness
-and have left, in addition, $2,950; for he
-would have “pyramided” on the way up. He
-showed the brokers his figures, accusingly, and
-they had some words about it and he left the
-office, almost tempted to sue the firm for conspiracy
-with intent to defraud; but decided that
-it was “another of Luck’s sockdolagers” and let it
-go at that, gambler-like.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>When he returned to the brokers’ office—the
-next day—he began to speculate in the only way
-he could—vicariously. Smith, for instance, who
-was long of 500 St. Paul at 125, took less interest
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span>in the deal than did Gilmartin who thenceforth
-assiduously studied the news-slips and sought information
-on St. Paul all over the Street, listening
-thrillingly to tips and rumors regarding the
-stock, suffering keenly when the price declined,
-laughing and chirruping blithely if the quotations
-moved upward, exactly as though it were
-his own stock. In a measure it was as an anodyne
-to his ticker-fever. Indeed, in some cases
-his interest was so poignant and his advice so frequent—he
-would speak of <em>our</em> deal—that the
-lucky winner gave him a small share of his spoils,
-which Gilmartin accepted without hesitation—he
-was beyond pride-wounding by now—and
-promptly used to back some miniature deal of his
-own on the Consolidated Exchange or even in
-“Percy’s”—a dingy little bucket-shop, where
-they took orders for two shares of stock on a
-margin of one per cent.; that is, where a man
-could bet as little as two dollars.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Later, it often came to pass that Gilmartin
-would borrow a few dollars, when the customers
-were not trading actively. The amounts he borrowed
-diminished by reason of the increasing frequency
-of their refusals. Finally, he was asked
-to stay away from the office where once he had
-been an honored and pampered customer.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>He became a Wall Street “has been” and
-could be seen daily on New Street, back of the
-Consolidated Exchange, where the “put” and
-“call” brokers congregate. The tickers in the
-saloons nearby fed his gambler’s appetite. From
-time to time luckier men took him into the same
-be-tickered saloons, where he ate at the free lunch
-counters and drank beer and talked stocks and
-listened to the lucky winners’ narratives with lips
-tremulous with readiness to smile and grimace.
-At times the gambler in him would assert itself
-and he would tell the lucky winners, wrathfully,
-how the stock he wished to buy but couldn’t the
-week before, had risen 18 points. But they,
-saturated with their own ticker-fever, would nod
-absently, their soul’s eyes fixed on some quotation-to-be;
-or they would not nod at all but in their
-eagerness to look at the tape from which they had
-been absent two long minutes, would leave him
-without a single word of consolation or even of
-farewell.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>V.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>One day, in New Street, he overheard a very
-well known broker tell another that Mr. Sharpe
-was “going to move up Pennsylvania Central
-right away.” The over-hearing of the conversation
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>was a bit of rare good luck that raised Gilmartin
-from his sodden apathy and made him
-hasten to his brother-in-law who kept a grocery
-store in Brooklyn. He implored Griggs to go to
-a broker and buy as much Pennsylvania Central
-as he could—that is, if he wished to live in
-luxury the rest of his life. Sam Sharpe was going
-to put it up. Also, he borrowed ten dollars.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Griggs was tempted. He debated with himself
-many hours, and at length yielded with misgivings.
-He took his savings and bought one
-hundred shares of Pennsylvania Central at 64 and
-began to neglect his business in order to study
-the financial pages of the newspapers. Little by
-little Gilmartin’s whisper set in motion within
-him the wheels of a ticker that printed on his
-day-dreams the mark of the dollar. His wife, seeing
-him preoccupied, thought business was bad;
-but Griggs denied it, confirming her worst fears.
-Finally, he had a telephone put in his little shop,
-to be able to talk to his brokers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Gilmartin, with the ten dollars he had borrowed,
-promptly bought ten shares in a bucket
-shop at 63⅞; the stock promptly went to 62⅞;
-he was promptly “wiped”; and the stock
-promptly went back to 64½.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>On the next day a fellow-customer of the Gilmartin
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>of old days invited him to have a drink.
-Gilmartin resented the man’s evident prosperity.
-He felt indignant at the ability of the other to
-buy hundreds of shares. But the liquor soothed
-him, and in a burst of mild remorse he told
-Smithers, after an apprehensive look about him
-as if he feared someone might overhear: “I’ll
-tell you something, on the dead q. t., for your
-own benefit.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Fire away!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Pa. Cent. is going ‘way up.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes?” said Smithers, calmly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes; it will cross par sure.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Umph!” between munches of a pretzel.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes. Sam Sharpe told”—Gilmartin was on
-the point of saying a “friend of mine” but
-caught himself and went on, impressively—“told
-me, yesterday, to buy Pa. Cent. as he had accumulated
-his full line, and was ready to whoop it
-up. And you know what Sharpe is,” he finished,
-as if he thought Smithers was familiar with
-Sharpe’s powers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Is that so?” nibbled Smithers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why, when Sharpe makes up his mind to put
-up a stock, as he intends to do with Pa. Cent.,
-nothing on earth can stop him. He told me he
-would make it cross par within sixty days. This
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>is no hearsay, no tip. It’s cold facts. I don’t
-<em>hear</em> it’s going up; I don’t <em>think</em> it’s going up; I
-<em>know</em> it’s going up. Understand?” And he
-shook his right forefinger with a hammering motion.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>In less than five minutes Smithers was so
-wrought up that he bought 500 shares and promised
-solemnly not to “take his profits,” <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">i.e.</span></i> sell
-out, until Gilmartin said the word. Then they
-had another drink and another look at the
-ticker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You want to keep in touch with me,” was
-Gilmartin’s parting shot. “I’ll tell you what
-Sharpe tells me. But you must keep it quiet,”
-with a side-wise nod that pledged Smithers to
-honorable secrecy.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Had Gilmartin met Sharpe face to face, he
-would not have known who was before him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Shortly after he left Smithers he buttonholed
-another acquaintance, a young man who thought
-he knew Wall Street, and therefore had a hobby—manipulation.
-No one could induce him to
-buy stocks by telling him how well the companies
-were doing, how bright the prospects, etc. That
-was bait for “suckers” not for clever young stock
-operators. But anyone, even a stranger, who said
-that “they”—the perennially mysterious “they,”
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>the “big men,” the mighty “manipulators” whose
-life was one prolonged conspiracy to pull the wool
-over the public’s eyes—“they” were going to
-“jack up” these or the other shares, was welcomed,
-and his advice acted upon. Young Freeman
-believed in nothing but “their” wickedness
-and “their” power to advance or depress stock
-values at will. Thinking of his wisdom had given
-him a chronic sneer.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You’re just the man I was looking for,” said
-Gilmartin, who hadn’t thought of the young
-man at all.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What Sam?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Sharpe. The old boy sent for me. He was
-in mighty good-humor too. Tickled to death.
-He might well be—he’s got 60,000 shares of
-Pennsylvania Central. And there’s going to be
-from 50 to 60 points profit in it.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“H’m!” sniffed Freeman, skeptically, yet impressed
-by the change in Gilmartin’s attitude
-from the money-borrowing humility of the previous
-week to the confident tone of a man with a
-straight tip. Sharpe was notoriously kind to his
-old friends—rich or poor.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>“I was there when the papers were signed,”
-Gilmartin said, hotly. “I was going to leave the
-room, but Sam told me I needn’t. I can’t tell
-you what it is about; really I can’t. But he’s
-simply going to put the stock above par. It’s
-64½ now, and you know and I know that by the
-time it is 75 the newspapers will all be talking
-about inside buying; and at 85 everybody will
-want to buy it on account of important developments;
-and at 95 there will be millions of bull
-tips on it and rumors of increased dividends, and
-people who would not look at it thirty points
-lower will rush in and buy it by the bushel. Let
-me know who is manipulating a stock, and to
-h—l with dividends and earnings. Them’s <em>my</em>
-sentiments,” with a final hammering nod, as if
-driving in a profound truth.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Same here,” assented Freeman, cordially. He
-was attacked on his vulnerable side.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Strange things happen in Wall Street. Sometimes
-tips come true. It so proved in this case.
-Sharpe started the stock upward brilliantly—the
-movement became historic in the Street—and
-Pa. Cent. soared dizzily and all the newspapers
-talked of it and the public went mad over it and
-it touched 80 and 85 and 88 and higher, and
-then Gilmartin made his brother-in-law sell out
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>and Smithers and Freeman. Their profits were:
-Griggs, $3,000; Smithers, $15,100; Freeman,
-$2,750. Gilmartin made them give him a good
-percentage. He had no trouble with his brother-in-law.
-Gilmartin told him it was an inviolable
-Wall Street custom and so Griggs paid, with an
-air of much experience in such matters. Freeman
-was more or less grateful. But Smithers met
-Gilmartin and full of his good luck repeated what
-he had told a dozen men within the hour: “I did
-a dandy stroke the other day. Pa. Cent. looked to
-me like higher prices and I bought a wad of it.
-I’ve cleaned up a tidy sum,” and he looked proud
-of his own penetration. He really had forgotten
-that it was Gilmartin who had given him the tip.
-But not so Gilmartin who retorted, witheringly:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, I’ve often heard of folks that you put
-into good things and they make money and afterward
-they come to you and tell how damned
-smart they were to hit it right. But you can’t
-work that on me. I’ve got witnesses.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Witnesses?” echoed Smithers, looking cheap.
-He remembered.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, wit-ness-es,” mimicked Gilmartin,
-scornfully. “I all but had to get on my knees
-to make you buy it. And I told you when to
-sell it, too. The information came to me straight
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>from headquarters and you got the use of it and
-now the least you can do is to give me twenty-five
-hundred dollars.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>In the end he accepted $800. He told mutual
-friends that Smithers had cheated him.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>VI.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>It seemed as though the regeneration of Gilmartin
-had been achieved when he changed his
-shabby raiment for expensive clothes. He paid
-his tradesmen’s bills and moved into better
-quarters. He spent his money as though he had
-made millions. One week after he had closed
-out the deal his friends would have sworn Gilmartin
-had always been prosperous. That was
-his exterior. His inner self remained the same—a
-gambler. He began to speculate again, in
-the office of Freeman’s brokers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At the end of the second month he had lost
-not only the $1,200 he had deposited with the
-firm, but an additional $250 he had given his
-wife and had been obliged to “borrow” back
-from her, despite her assurances that he would
-lose it. This time, the slump was really unexpected
-by all, even by the magnates—the mysterious
-and all powerful “they” of Freeman’s—so
-that the loss of the second fortune did not
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>reflect on Gilmartin’s ability as a speculator but
-on his luck. As a matter of fact, he had been
-too careful and had sinned from over-timidity at
-first, only to plunge later and lose all.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>As the result of much thought about his losses
-Gilmartin became a professional tipster. To
-let others speculate for him seemed the only
-sure way of winning. He began by advising ten
-victims—he learned in time to call them clients—to
-sell Steel Rod preferred, each man 100
-shares; and to a second ten he urged the purchase
-of the same quantity of the same stock.
-To all he advised taking four points’ profit. Not
-all followed his advice, but the seven clients who
-sold it made between them nearly $3,000 over
-night. His percentage amounted to $287.50.
-Six bought and when they lost he told them confidentially
-how the treachery of a leading member
-of the pool had obliged the pool managers to
-withdraw their support from the stock temporarily;
-whence the decline. They grumbled; but he
-assured them that he himself had lost nearly
-$1,600 of his own on account of the traitor.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>For some months Gilmartin made a fair living
-but business became very dull. People learned
-to fight shy of his tips. The persuasiveness was
-gone from his inside news and from his confidential
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>advice from Sharpe and from his beholding
-with his own eyes the signing of epoch-making
-documents. Had he been able to make his customers
-alternate their winnings and losses he
-might have kept his trade. But for example,
-“Dave” Rossiter, in Stuart &amp; Stern’s office, stupidly
-received the wrong tip six times in succession.
-It wasn’t Gilmartin’s fault but Rossiter’s
-bad luck.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At length failing to get enough clients in the
-ticker-district itself Gilmartin was forced to advertise
-in an afternoon paper, six times a week,
-and in the Sunday edition of one of the leading
-morning dailies. They ran like this:</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c017'>
- <div>WE MAKE MONEY</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c010'>for our investors by the best system ever devised. Deal
-with genuine experts. Two methods of operating; one
-speculative, the other insures absolute safety.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c017'>
- <div>NOW</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c010'>is the time to invest in a certain stock for ten points sure
-profit. Three points margin will carry it. Remember how
-correct we have been on other stocks. Take advantage
-of this move.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c017'>
- <div>IOWA MIDLAND.</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c010'>Big movement coming in this stock. It’s very near at hand.
-Am waiting daily for word. Will get it in time. Splendid
-opportunity to make big money. It costs only a 2–cent
-stamp to write to me.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c017'>
- <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c010'>Private secretary of banker and stock operator of world-wide
-reputation, has valuable information. I don’t wish your
-money. Use your own broker. All I want is a share of
-what you will surely make if you follow my advice.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c017'>
- <div>WILL ADVANCE $40 PER SHARE.</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c010'>A fortune to be made in a railroad stock. Deal pending
-which will advance same $40 per share within three months.
-Am in position to keep informed as to developments and
-the operations of a pool. Parties who will carry for me 100
-shares with a New York Stock Exchange house will
-receive the full benefit of information. Investment safe and
-sure. Highest references given.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He prospered amazingly. Answers came to
-him from furniture dealers on Fourth Avenue and
-dairymen up the State and fruit growers in Delaware
-and factory workers in Massachusetts and
-electricians in New Jersey and coal miners in
-Pennsylvania and shop keepers and physicians and
-plumbers and undertakers in towns and cities near
-and far. Every morning Gilmartin telegraphed to
-scores of people—at their expense—to sell, and
-to scores of others to buy the same stocks. And
-he claimed his commissions from the winners.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Little by little his savings grew; and with
-them grew his desire to speculate on his own
-account. It made him irritable, not to gamble.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He met Freeman one day in one of his dissatisfied
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>moods. Out of politeness he asked the
-young cynic the universal query of the Street:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What do you think of ‘em?” He meant
-stocks.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What difference does it make what <em>I</em> think?”
-sneered Freeman, with proud humility. “I’m
-nobody.” But he looked as if he did not agree
-with himself.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What do you <em>know</em>?” pursued Gilmartin,
-mollifyingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I know enough to be long of Gotham Gas.
-I just bought a thousand shares at 180.” He
-really had bought a hundred only.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What on?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“On information. I got it straight from a
-director of the company. Look here, Gilmartin,
-I’m pledged to secrecy. But, for your own benefit,
-I’ll just tell you to buy all the Gas you possibly
-can carry. The deal is on. I know that
-certain papers were signed last night, and they
-are almost ready to spring it on the public. They
-haven’t got all the stock they want. When they
-get it, look out for fireworks.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Gilmartin did not perceive any resemblance between
-Freeman’s tips and his own. He said, hesitatingly,
-as though ashamed of his timidity:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“The stock seems pretty high at 180.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>“You won’t think so when it sells at 250.
-Gilmartin, I don’t <em>hear</em> this; I don’t <em>think</em> it; I
-<em>know</em> it!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“All right; I’m in,” quoth Gilmartin, jovially.
-He felt a sense of emancipation now that he had
-made up his mind to resume his speculating. He
-took every cent of the nine hundred dollars he
-had made from telling people the same things
-that Freeman told him now, and bought a hundred
-Gotham Gas at $185 a share. Also he telegraphed
-to all his clients to plunge in the stock.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It fluctuated between 184 and 186 for a fortnight.
-Freeman daily asseverated that “they”
-were accumulating the stock. But, one fine day,
-the directors met, agreed that business was bad
-and having sold out most of their own holdings,
-decided to reduce the dividend rate from 8 to 6
-per cent. Gotham Gas broke seventeen points in
-ten short minutes. Gilmartin lost all he had.
-He found it impossible to pay for his advertisements.
-The telegraph companies refused to accept
-any more “collect” messages. This deprived
-Gilmartin of his income as a tipster.
-Griggs had kept on speculating and had lost all
-his money and his wife’s in a little deal in Iowa
-Midland. All that Gilmartin could hope to get
-from him was an occasional invitation to dinner.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>Mrs. Gilmartin, after they were dispossessed for
-non-payment of rent, left her husband and went
-to live with a sister in Newark who did not like
-Gilmartin.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>His clothes became shabby and his meals irregular.
-But always in his heart, as abiding as an
-inventor’s faith in himself, there dwelt the hope
-that some day, somehow, he would “strike it
-rich” in the stock market.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>One day he borrowed five dollars from a man
-who had made five thousand in Cosmopolitan
-Traction. The stock, the man said, had only
-begun to go up, and Gilmartin believed it and
-bought five shares in “Percy’s,” his favorite
-bucket-shop. The stock began to rise slowly
-but steadily. The next afternoon “Percy’s” was
-raided, the proprietor having disagreed with the
-police as to price.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Gilmartin lingered about New Street, talking
-with other customers of the raided bucket shop,
-discussing whether or not it was a “put up job”
-of old Percy himself who, it was known, had been
-losing money to the crowd for weeks past. One
-by one the victims went away and at length Gilmartin
-left the ticker district. He walked slowly
-down Wall Street, then turned up William
-Street, thinking of his luck. Cosmopolitan Traction
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>had certainly looked like higher prices. Indeed,
-it seemed to him that he could almost hear
-the stock shouting, articulately: “<em>I’m going up,
-right away, right away!</em>” If somebody would
-buy a thousand shares and agree to give him the
-profits on a hundred, on ten, on one!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But he had not even his carfare. Then he remembered
-that he had not eaten since breakfast.
-It did him no good to remember it now. He
-would have to get his dinner from Griggs in
-Brooklyn.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why,” Gilmartin told himself with a burst
-of curious self-contempt, “I can’t even buy a cup
-of coffee!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He raised his head and looked about him to
-find how insignificant a restaurant it was in which
-he could not buy even a cup of coffee. He had
-reached Maiden Lane. As his glance ran up and
-down the north side of that street, it was arrested
-by the sign:</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
- <div class='nf-center'>
- <div>MAXWELL &amp; KIP.</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>At first he felt but vaguely what it meant. It
-had grown unfamiliar with absence. The clerks
-were coming out. Jameson, looking crustier than
-ever, as though he were forever thinking how
-much better than Jenkins he could run the business;
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>Danny, some inches taller, no longer an
-office boy but spick and span in a blue serge suit
-and a necktie of the latest style, exhaling health
-and correctness; Williamson, grown very gray
-and showing on his face thirty years of routine;
-Baldwin, happy as of yore at the ending of the
-day’s work, and smiling at the words of Jenkins—Gilmartin’s
-successor who wore an air of authority,
-of the habit of command which he had
-not known in the old days.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Of a sudden Gilmartin was in the midst of his
-old life. He saw all that he had been, all that he
-might still be. And he was overwhelmed. He
-longed to rush to his old associates, to speak to
-them, to shake hands with them, to be the old
-Gilmartin. He was about to step toward
-Jenkins; but stopped abruptly. His clothes
-were shabby and he felt ashamed. But, he
-apologized to himself, he could tell them how he
-had made a hundred thousand and had lost it.
-And he even might borrow a few dollars from
-Jenkins.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Gilmartin turned on his heel with a sudden impulse
-and walked away from Maiden Lane quickly.
-All that he thought now was that he would
-not have them see him in his plight. He felt the
-shabbiness of his clothes without looking at them.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>As he walked, a great sense of loneliness came
-over him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He was back in Wall Street. At the head of
-the Street was old Trinity; to the right the sub-Treasury;
-to the left the Stock Exchange.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>From Maiden Lane to the Lane of the Ticker—such
-had been his life.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“If I could only buy some Cosmopolitan Traction!”
-he said. Then he walked forlornly northward,
-to the great Bridge, on his way to Brooklyn
-to eat with Griggs, the ruined grocery-man.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>A PHILANTHROPIC WHISPER</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span>There have been all manner of big stock operators
-and “leaders” in Wall Street—gentlemanly,
-well-educated leaders with a gift of epigram and
-foul-spoken leaders who knew as little of grammar
-as of manners; leaders to whom the stock market
-was only the Monte Carlo of the Tape and leaders
-to whom it was a means to an end; cool, calculating,
-steel-nerved leaders and fidgety, impulsive,
-excitable leaders; leaders who were church pillars
-and total abstainers and leaders whose only God
-was the ticker and whose most brilliant operations
-were carried on during the course of a drunken
-debauch. But never before, in the breathless history
-of Wall Street, had there been a leader whose
-following was numbered by the thousands and
-included not only the “shoe-string” speculators
-but the very richest of the rich! Never before a
-leader whose word took the place of statistical
-information, whose mere “I am buying it” created
-more purchasers for a stock than all the glowing
-prospectuses and all the accountants’ affidavits and
-all the bankers’ estimates.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At first Wall Street said the public was suffering
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>from an epidemic of speculative insanity;
-that Colonel Treadwell was merely a bold operator
-“backed” by a clique of the greatest fortunes
-in America; that he was not a skilful “manipulator”
-of values, but by sheer brute force of tremendous
-buying he made those stocks advance
-with which he was identified and that, of course,
-the public always follows the stocks that are made
-active; and many other explanations. But in
-the end Wall Street came to realize exactly to
-what it was that the blind devotion of the speculative
-public for the colonel was due. Defying
-all traditions, upsetting all precedents, violating
-all rules, driving all the “veterans” to the verge
-of hysterics and bankruptcy by his daily defiance
-of accepted views as to the art of operating in
-stocks, Colonel Josiah T. Treadwell founded a
-new school: He told the truth.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The colonel sat in his office alone with his
-thoughts. The door was open—it was always
-open—and the clerks and customers of Treadwell
-&amp; Co. as they passed to and fro caught
-glimpses of the great leader’s broad, kindly face
-and shrewd, little, twinkling eyes that seemed to
-smile at them. They wondered what new “deal”
-the colonel was planning. And then they wished
-with all their souls and purses they knew the name
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>of the stock—merely the name of it—so that
-they might “get in on the ground floor.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The famous operator sat on a revolving chair
-by his desk. He had turned his back on an accumulation
-of correspondence and he now rotated
-from right to left and from left to right. The
-tips of his shoes—he was a short man—missed
-the floor by an inch or two and he swung his feet
-contentedly. A ticker whirred away blithely and
-from time to time Treadwell ceased his rocking
-and his foot-swinging, and glanced jovially at the
-ticker “tape.” From his window he could see a
-Mississippi of people or a bit of New York summer
-sky, but his restless eyes were roaming and
-skipping from place to place. And the clerks
-and the customers wondered whether the market
-was going the way the colonel had planned. The
-ticker was whirring and clicking, impassively, and
-the colonel wore a meditative look. What was the
-“old man” scheming? The bears had better be
-on their guard! As a matter of fact, Josiah T.
-Treadwell was thinking that his brother Wilson,
-who had left him a few minutes before, was certainly
-growing bald. He also wondered whether
-people who advertised “restorers” and “invigorators”
-were veracious or merely “Wall Streety”
-as he put it to himself.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>A young man, an utter stranger to Colonel
-Treadwell, halted at the door, and looked at the
-leader of the stock market, hesitatingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Come in, come in,” called out the colonel,
-cheerily. “Won’t you walk into my parlor?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning, Colonel Treadwell,” said the
-lad, diffidently.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Who are you, and what are you, and what can
-I do for you?” said the colonel, extending his
-hand.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The youth did not heed the chubby, outstretched
-hand. “My name,” he said, very formally
-and introductorily, “is Carey. My father
-used to know you when he was editor of the
-<cite>Blankburg Herald</cite>.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well,” said the colonel, encouragingly, “shake
-hands anyhow.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Carey shook hands; his diffidence vanished.
-He was a pleasant-faced, pleasant-voiced young
-fellow, Treadwell thought. He was a good-hearted,
-jocular old fellow, unlike what he had
-imagined the leader of the stock market would be,
-Carey thought.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes,” went on the colonel, “I remember
-your father very well. I never forget my up-the-State
-friends, and I am always glad to see their
-sons. When I ran for Congress, Bill Carey wrote
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>red-hot editorials in my favor, and I was beaten
-by a large and enthusiastic majority. I haven’t
-seen your father in twenty-odd years—not since
-he went wrong and took to politics.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, Colonel Treadwell,” laughed Carey, “I
-guess Dad did his best for you. And if you didn’t
-go to Congress you’re better off, from all I have
-read in the papers about you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>You would have thought they had known each
-other for years.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That’s what I say; I have to,” chuckling.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Colonel,” said the young man, boldly, “I’ve
-come to ask your advice.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Most people don’t ask it twice. Be careful
-now.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Do you mean that they get so rich following
-it that they don’t have to come again?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You are a politician, young man. You’ll
-wake up and find yourself in Congress, some fine
-day, unless your father goes back to newspaper
-work and writes some editorials in <em>your</em> favor.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The boy had a pleasant smile, the colonel
-thought.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I have saved up some money, Colonel.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Keep it. That’s the best advice I can give
-you. Go away instantly. Great Scott, youngster,
-you are in Wall Street now.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>“Oh, I—I’m safe enough in this office, I
-guess,” retorted Carey.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The famous leader of the stock market looked
-at him solemnly. The boy returned the look,
-imperturbably. Then Colonel Treadwell laughed,
-and Carey laughed back at him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What are you doing to keep out of State’s
-prison?” asked Treadwell.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’m a clerk in the office of the Federal Pump
-Company, third floor, upstairs. I have saved
-some money and I want to know what to do with
-it. I read an article in the <cite>Sun</cite> the other day.
-It said you had advised people to put their savings
-into Suburban Trolley and how well they
-had fared.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That was a year ago. Trolley has gone up
-50 points since then.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That shows how good the advice was. And
-you also said a young man should do something
-with his savings and not let them lie idle.” The
-young man looked straight into the little, twinkling,
-kindly eyes of the leader of the stock
-market.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How much money have you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I have two hundred and ten dollars,” replied
-the lad with an uncertain smile. He had felt
-proud of the magnitude of his savings in his own
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>room; in this office he felt a bit ashamed of their
-insignificance.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Dear me,” said the millionaire speculator,
-very seriously, “that is a good deal of money.
-It’s a blame sight more’n I had, when I started in
-business. Got it with you?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, sir.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, I’ll introduce you to my brother Wilson,
-who has charge of our customers. Come in, John.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“John” came in. His other name was Mellen.
-He was a slim, quiet-looking man of about five-and-fifty.
-His enemies said that he had made
-$1,000,000 for every year he had lived and had
-kept it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Sit down, John,” said Colonel Treadwell,
-shaking hands with Mr. Mellen, “I’ll be back in a
-minute.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At the door he shook hands with two more
-visitors—a tall, ruddy-faced, white-haired, and
-white-whiskered man, Mr. Milton Steers, after-dinner
-speaker and self-confessed wit; and, incidentally,
-president of a railroad system; also Mr.
-D. M. Ogden, who looked like an English clergyman
-and was the owner of the huge Ogden Buildings
-in Wall Street. They had come to discuss
-the advisability of a new deal in “Trolley.”
-They represented, they and their associates, more
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>than $500,000,000. But Colonel Treadwell made
-them wait while he escorted his new acquaintance
-to his brother’s room.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Wilse,” he said, “I’ve brought you a new
-customer, Mr. Carey.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Wilson P. Treadwell smiled pleasantly. He was
-a tall, slender man with a serious look. The firm
-did not desire new accounts, for there was already
-more business than could be handled. They were
-the busiest and the best-known stock brokers in
-the United States. But the colonel’s friends
-were welcome, always.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’m very glad to meet Mr. Carey,” said Wilson
-Treadwell. The firm had some very youthful
-customers; but their means were in inverse
-ratio to their years.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I think,” said the colonel, “that we had better
-buy some Easton &amp; Allentown for him.” He
-was smiling; he generally did. Moreover, he
-was thinking of his brother’s mistaken impression
-of the new customer.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That is a good idea,” assented Wilson. “You
-ought to put in your order at once. The stock
-is going up very fast, Mr. Carey.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, young man, give him your margin and
-let him buy you as much as he thinks best,” said
-the colonel.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>“Five thousand shares?” suggested Wilson
-Treadwell.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Colonel Treadwell chuckled. “Five thousand?
-A paltry five?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, fifty thousand if he wants them, and
-you guarantee his account,” said his brother with
-a smile.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I guess,” said the leader of the stock market,
-slowly, “that you had better begin with one hundred
-shares.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Then Wilson, who knew his brother thoroughly,
-said “Oh!” and smiled and gave an order to
-a clerk to buy one hundred shares of Easton &amp;
-Allentown Railroad stock at the “market” or
-prevailing price, for Mr. Carey, and took the
-boy’s two hundred and ten dollars with the
-utmost gravity. The smallest Stock Exchange
-house would not accept such a pitiful account.
-Treadwell &amp; Co. being the largest, would and
-did.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The colonel shook hands with young Carey,
-whose father had once edited a country newspaper,
-but who had never been an intimate friend,
-told him to “Come again, any time,” and went
-back to his accomplices.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Easton &amp; Allentown stock was the “feature”
-of the market that week and the next. Ten days
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>after Carey had bought his hundred shares at 94
-the stock sold at 106.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The young man went into the office of Treadwell
-&amp; Co., on the eleventh day. He knew he
-had made a great deal of money—more than he
-had ever thought of having at his age—but he
-did not know what to do now. He heard one
-man say to another: “Take profits? Not at
-this price. E. &amp; A. is sure to go to 115.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Carey figured that if he waited for the stock to
-sell at 115, he would make nearly a thousand dollars
-more.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“There is no use of being a blamed hog,” the
-man continued, with picturesque emphasis, “but
-where in blazes is the sense of throwing away that
-much money by selling out too soon? Limit
-your losses and let your profits run.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>They stood in the corridor of the partitioned
-office, the crowd of men, all of them customers of
-Treadwell &amp; Co., excepting the newspaper reporters
-who had called for their usual daily interview
-with the famous leader of the stock market.
-There were two United States Senators; an ex-Congressman;
-a score of men who had inherited
-fortunes and were doubling them in the stock
-market; three or four gray-haired shrewd-faced
-capitalists whose names appeared many times in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>the financial pages of newspapers; a baker’s dozen
-of prominent municipal politicians, a well-known
-Western railroad president with a ruddy face and
-a snow-white beard; two famous physicians; the
-vice-president of a life insurance company; a half
-score of wholesale merchants and a low-voiced,
-insignificant little man, with a quiet, almost
-apologetic look, who seldom spoke and never
-smiled, but who, next to the colonel himself, was
-beyond question the heaviest “plunger” in the
-office.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The colonel came out of his office to go to his
-brother’s room, where, seated about a long polished
-table were several directors of the Suburban
-Trolley Company—men to whom the newspapers
-always referred not by name but as “prominent
-insiders.” It was a very important gathering.
-It involved no less than a final understanding in
-regards to the great “Trolley pool” whose operations,
-later on, were to become historical in Wall
-Street. It was, as one of the speculators outside
-put it, “a case of show down”—the cash resources
-available for pool purposes were to be
-ascertained, each man announcing the proportion
-of the 100,000 shares for which he was willing to
-“put up.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Carey was standing by the door of Wilson
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span>Treadwell’s office. He did not feel altogether
-comfortable, among so many elderly and obviously
-very rich men. His diffidence was the saving of
-him for as the colonel passed he paused and said,
-in a low voice: “Got your stock yet?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The customers in the corridor, men who, by the
-colonel’s advice, were “carrying” from 500 to
-10,000 shares each of Easton &amp; Allentown, leaned
-forward eagerly. All were men who north of
-Wall Street would not have stooped to listen to
-others’ conversations if their lives depended on it.
-In a broker’s office, when the leader of the stock
-market was speaking, such notions were absurd,
-almost wicked. Certainly, at that moment,
-twenty pairs of eyes were looking fixedly at the
-great leader of the stock market and the young
-clerk.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The colonel felt this intuitively. He confirmed
-it with a quick glance of his sharp little eyes.
-He had not sold all his Easton &amp; Allentown, but
-was disposing of it just as fast as the market
-would take it. It was not likely that the stock
-would go much higher. Wall Street, ever loath
-to believe well of any stock operator, used to
-comment sneeringly on the fact that the world
-heard much about the “Treadwell buying” but
-never a word about the Treadwell selling.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span>If the colonel gave a hint to the customers
-there would be an avalanche of selling orders that
-would make the price of the stock break sharply,
-and this would not benefit anyone. He had advised
-them to buy the stock at 90 and at 95–-it
-was 105 now. He had more than done his duty.
-If they did not sell out, in the hope of making
-more, it was their own lookout.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But there was the boy with the one hundred
-shares, the pleasant little clerk from up-the-State,
-who had brought in his entire fortune, his accumulated
-savings of two hundred and ten dollars.
-He was a stranger to Wall Street. But supposing
-he should tell that he had been advised to
-sell? There would be the deuce to pay!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The colonel took chances. Out of one corner
-of his mouth, so that he did not even turn his
-head toward the boy and so that the watching customers
-could not suspect what he was doing, he
-shot a quick whisper—a lob-sided but philanthropic
-affair—at him: “Look at the color of
-your money, boy! Take your profits and say
-nothing!” And he walked into the room where
-the Suburban Trolley magnates awaited him
-impatiently.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Carey, thrilled but taciturn, gave his order to
-sell his Easton &amp; Allentown, unsuspected by the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>mob. They sold it for him at 105⅛. Deducting
-commissions and interest charges the colonel’s
-whisper had put $1,050 in the young clerk’s
-pocket.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And the stock went a little higher and then
-declined slowly to about 99. The customers all
-made a great deal of money as it was, but not as
-much as they would have “taken out” of the
-Easton &amp; Allentown “deal” if they had overheard
-that one of Colonel Treadwell’s many whispers—lob-sided
-but philanthropic affairs!</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>THE MAN WHO WON</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>“Brown,” said Mr. John P. Greener, as he turned
-away from the ticker in the corner, “I wish you
-would go over to the Board and see how the market
-is for Iowa Midland. Find out how much
-stock there is for sale and who has it. It ought
-to be pretty well distributed about the Street.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What’s up in it?” asked his partner, curiously.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Nothing—yet,” answered Greener, quietly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He sat down at his desk and took up a letter,
-headed “President’s Office, Keokuk &amp; Northern
-Railway Company, Keokuk, Iowa.” When he
-had finished the entire sixteen closely written
-pages, he arose and paced slowly up and down his
-office.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He was a sallow-faced, black-bearded little
-man, slender—almost frail looking—with a high
-but rather narrow forehead. His eyes were furtive,
-shifty bits of brown light. He was thinking,
-and thinking to some purpose. Any one,
-even a stranger, seeing him, would have known
-that he was thinking of something big—the forehead
-was responsible for the impression; and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span>also of something tricky, unscrupulous, cold-blooded—his
-eyes were to blame there. At length his
-brow cleared. He muttered: “I must have
-that road. Then, a consolidation with my Keokuk
-&amp; Northern; and a new system that will endure
-as long as the country!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Brown returned in a half hour and reported.
-There was very little stock for sale below $42 a
-share—a few small lots held by unimportant commission
-houses. The vendible supply increased at
-44, and at 46 “inside stock would come out,”
-which, translated into plain English, meant that
-whenever the price of Iowa Midland Railway
-Company stock rose to $46 per share, directors of
-the company or close friends of theirs would be
-found willing to part with their holdings. It was
-thus evident that the greater part of such stock
-of the Iowa Midland as the Street was “carrying”
-speculatively was not for sale at such a price as
-would be regarded in the light of a great bargain
-by Mr. John F. Greener, president <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">de facto</span></i> of the
-rival Keokuk &amp; Northern Railway, but better
-known to countless “lambs” and widows and orphans
-and brother financiers as the Napoleon of
-the Street.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Any supporting orders?” piped Greener.
-Stocks are “supported,” or bought on declines,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span>so that the price shall not go down too much, and
-above all not too quickly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Bagley has orders to buy 300 shares every
-quarter of a point down until 37 is reached, and
-then to take 5,000 shares at that figure. He got
-them direct from Willetts himself.” Bagley was
-a broker who made a specialty of dealing in Iowa
-Midland. Willetts was the president of the company.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Willetts,” squeaked Greener, “was in Council
-Bluffs this morning. He is to take part in the
-ceremonies of unveiling the Soldiers’ Monument,
-which begin at one o’clock—that is, within twenty
-minutes, allowing for difference in time. He will
-be out of the reach of the telegraph for the afternoon.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Brown laughed. “No wonder they are afraid
-of you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Brown,” said Greener, “start the movement
-by selling 10,000 shares of Iowa Midland. Divide
-it up among the boys on the floor. It would be
-well if the room were frightened by the selling.
-It is more important for us to get the price down
-than to put out shorts at high figures. I want
-that stock down.” If he had merely desired to sell
-the stock “short” he would have gone about it
-carefully, to disturb the price as little as possible.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>“If you want that I think you’ll get it,” said
-Brown. As he was going out Mr. Greener
-squeaked after him: “Keep them guessing,
-Brown; keep them guessing.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That,” mused Mr. John F. Greener, “ought
-to mean a three-or four-point break in Iowa Midland
-at the very least, and perhaps we can work
-through the peg at 37. We’ll see.” By the
-“peg” he meant the figure at which the supporting
-orders to buy were heaviest.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>A few minutes later the Iowa Midland “post”
-on the floor of the Stock Exchange was surrounded
-by a dozen puzzled and apprehensive but gentlemanly
-brokers. And still a few minutes later
-the same spot was a seething whirlpool of maniacal
-humanity. It was appalling, the sight of
-these gesticulating, yelling, fighting, coat-tearing,
-fisticuffing brokers—appalling and vulgar, selfish,
-unpleasant, ungentlemanly but eminently
-typical. And all that caused the transformation
-was the fact that Mr. Brown had been seen whispering
-to Harry Wilson, and Harry Wilson had
-left him, gone to the Iowa Midland crowd, and
-sold 1,000 shares at 42⅛ and 42. Then Mr.
-Brown had been seen speaking with W. G. Carleton
-in what struck witnesses as being a more or
-less agitated manner, and later Carleton had sauntered
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>carelessly over to the Iowa Midland precinct,
-and, after displaying very great indifference
-about the world in general, but most particularly
-about the market for Iowa Midland, had sold
-1,500 shares to Bagley, the specialist, at 41¾, 41⅝,
-and 41½. Mr. Brown was now watched by two or
-three scores of sharp eyes, all having the same expression.
-And he was observed to look about
-him apprehensively and then begin to converse
-with Frank J. Pratt; whereupon Pratt, as fast as
-his fat legs would carry him, hastened to “Iowa
-Midland” and sold 2,000 shares at an average
-price of 41. The observant eyes had by this
-taken on a new expression—of indecision; but
-when they beheld Mr. Brown anxiously beckon to
-his “particular” friend, Dan Simpson, and saw
-shrill-voiced Dan rush like mad into the increasing
-crowd and sell 5,000 shares of Iowa Midland,
-apparently regardless of price, the observant eyes
-ceased to observe Brown. Activity was transferred
-to their owners’ throats as they thought to emulate
-Simpson and the rest of the Brown “whisperees.”
-Everybody scented danger, especially
-as the same “whisperees” had not “given up”
-the name of Brown &amp; Greener as the real sellers,
-but had sold as though each Brown-talked man
-was acting for himself—which every other man in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span>the room knew was out of the question, and which,
-in turn, increased the general uneasiness. It was
-a confident and yet a mystifying movement. It
-became more maddeningly perplexing when certain
-brokers, believed to be “close to the inside,”
-also began to sell the stock. Everybody started
-to do likewise. And everybody asked the same
-question—“What’s the matter?”—and received
-an avalanche of answers, all different but all unfavorable.
-One man said it was crop failures,
-another mentioned divers kinds of bugs, a third
-asserted it was extensive wash-outs and ruinous
-landslides, and bankrupting attacks by a socialistic
-legislature, and receivership probabilities.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Each of these was a good and sufficient reason
-why Iowa Midland stock should be sold. The
-comparison is odiously trite, but the growth of an
-adverse rumor in Wall Street really resembles nothing
-so much as the traditional snowball rolling
-down a hillside and becoming larger and larger as
-it rolls, until it is huge, terrific, with appalling
-possibilities for evil.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Board Room became Iowa-Midland-mad.
-Speculators often stampede—just like other animals.
-No stock can withstand their rush to sell,
-even though it be “protected” or “supported”
-by its manipulators, much less a stock like Iowa
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span>Midland, whose market sponsor was out of town,
-and out of reach of the telegraph.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>From all over the room men rushed to Brown,
-who was sitting calmly at the Erie “post,” chatting
-pleasantly with a friend.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Brown, what’s up in Iowa Midland?” one of
-them asked, feverishly. The others listened eagerly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Brown might have said, “I don’t know,” rudely,
-and turned his back on them. But he did not.
-He responded jocularly: “It seems to me that
-something is down in Iowa Midland, that something
-being about three points, I should say.
-Ha! ha!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>By this time nearly all the listeners had concluded
-that, since Brown refused to tell, there
-must be something serious—something very serious.
-Brown obviously was still selling the stock
-through other brokers, and would keep the bad
-news to himself until he had marketed his “line.”
-After that, probably he would become interestingly
-garrulous. They therefore advised their respective
-offices to get rid of their Iowa Midland
-stock. It might be all right; but it might be all
-wrong. And it was going down fast.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Greener in his office was looking at the
-“tape” as it came out of the little electrical printing
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span>machine that records the transactions and
-prices.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The sallow-faced little man permitted himself a
-slight—a very slight—smile. The tape showed:
-“IA. MID., 1000. 39; 300. 38¾; 500. ⅝; 300.
-½; 200. ⅜; ¼; 300. 38.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He turned away to summon a clerk, to whom
-he said: “Mr. Rock, please send for Mr. Coolidge.
-Make haste.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Very well, sir.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>A portly, white-waistcoated, white-haired man,
-with snow-white, short-cropped side whiskers,
-burst unceremoniously into the room.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How do you do, Mr. Ormiston?” squeaked
-Greener, cordially.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Greener,” panted the portly man, “what’s the
-matter with Iowa Midland?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How should I know?” in a half-complaining,
-half-petulant squeak.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Brown started the selling. I saw it myself.
-Greener, I did you a good turn once in Central
-District Telegraph. I’m long 6,000 shares of
-this Iowa Midland. For God’s sake, man, if you
-know anything——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Ormiston, all I know is what I learn from
-my confidential reports of the Iowa crop. Along
-the line of the Keokuk &amp; Northern the crop is
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span>not what I hoped for.” And he shook his head
-dolefully.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“<em>Ticky-ticky-ticky tick!</em>” said the ticker,
-calmly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The portly man approached the little machine.
-“Thirty-seven-and-an-eighth. Thirty-seven!”
-he shouted. “Great Scott! she’s going down like
-a——” He did not finish the comparison, but
-rushed out of the office without pausing to say
-good-by. At one o’clock his 6,000 shares at $42½
-represented $255,000. Now, at two o’clock, at
-$37, the same stock would fetch about $222,000.
-A depreciation of $33,000 in an hour is apt to
-make one neglectful of the little niceties. An
-additional un-nicety was the obvious fact that an
-attempt to sell 6,000 shares on a declining market
-would inevitably cause a still further drop. Mr.
-Ormiston was excusable.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Again Mr. Greener summoned a confidential
-clerk.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Rock,” he squeaked, placidly, “telephone
-Mr. Brown that Ormiston, Monkhouse &amp; Co. are
-about to sell 6,000 shares of Iowa Midland, and
-that Mr. Coolidge must not pay more than 35
-for it.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Coolidge is in your private room, sir,”
-announced an office-boy.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span>The little financier, with an expressionless, sallow
-face, confronted his chief confidential broker.
-Their relations were unsuspected by the Street.
-Everybody thought Coolidge was a pleasant and
-honorable man.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Coolidge, go to the Board at once. Ormiston
-is going to sell 6,000 shares of Iowa Midland.
-Get it as cheap as you can. Don’t be in a hurry,
-though.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How much shall I buy?” asked the broker,
-jotting down a few figures in his order book.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“As much as you can; all that is offered below
-37,” squeaked the Napoleon of the Street. It
-was a Napoleonic order. “And, Coolidge, I don’t
-want this known by any one. Clear the stock
-yourself.” It meant that Mr. Coolidge was to put
-the stock through the Clearing House in his own
-name. As there is a charge for this service, in
-addition to the usual buying or selling commission,
-such steps are not resorted to unless it is desired
-to conceal the identity of the broker’s principal,
-should the latter be a fellow-member of the
-Exchange.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Very well, Mr. Greener. Good-morning.”
-And the broker went out on a run. “Whew!”
-he whistled when he was in the Street on his way
-to the Stock Exchange, a few doors below. “Brown
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span>&amp; Greener must be short at least 50,000 or 60,000
-shares.” This was five times too much. But
-it showed that Mr. Greener was impartial in his
-distribution of erroneous impressions. He wanted
-to accumulate the stock rather than “cover” a
-short line; but there was no reason why even his
-most trusted broker should know it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Ormiston’s 6,000 shares found their way to Mr.
-Coolidge’s office at from 34⅞ to 35¾. Mr. Brown
-in the meantime had succeeded in forcing down
-the prices by the usual tricks. The man who
-once had done Greener a good turn now did him
-another—the gift of $40,000!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>In addition, Coolidge, employing several brokers,
-purchased 23,000 shares in all, which meant that
-Mr. Greener, after “covering” Brown’s early
-“short sales,” was in possession of fully 14,000
-shares of the common stock of the Iowa Midland
-Railway Company, at a price averaging nearly 6
-points lower than they could have been bought
-on the preceding day, which is to say $75,000
-cheaper.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But Brown &amp; Greener had made as much on
-their short sales, which was actually equivalent to
-having the lambs pay a man for the privilege of
-being shorn by him!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Such was the first of a series of skirmishes by
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_142'>142</span>means of which the diminutive Napoleon of the
-Street captured the floating supply of Iowa Midland
-stock, until he had no less than 65,000 shares
-safe in his clutches.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>All the old tricks that he knew and new devices
-he invented were used to hide from the Street
-the fact that Mr. Greener was buying the stock
-on every opportunity. But beyond a certain limit
-extensive purchases of a particular stock cannot
-be concealed from the thousand shrewd men who
-make their living—a very good living, indeed—by
-not being blind. First one thing, then another,
-told these men that some powerful financier
-or group of financiers had bought enormously of
-Iowa Midland, “absorbing” unostentatiously all
-the stock shaken out by the violent fluctuations
-of the past few months. This fact and the remarkable
-improvement of business along the line of the
-road caused a “substantial rise” in the price of
-the company’s securities. But no one suspected
-the little Napoleon with the shifty eyes and the
-squeak and the genius, who had bought in the
-open market, through unsuspected brokers, and in
-Iowa from the local holders, by means of secret
-agents, until he had accumulated 78,600 shares.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Brown said to his partner one day, a little uneasily:
-“Supposing we can’t get any more stock,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_143'>143</span>what are we going to do with what we have?”
-To try to sell it, however carefully, would be sure
-to break the market.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Brown,” squeaked the little man, plaintively,
-“I have concluded that in case I can’t get enough
-stock to bring Willetts and his crowd”—the
-president of the Iowa Midland and his fellow-directors—“to
-my way of thinking, we had better
-sell the block we now hold to the Keokuk &amp;
-Northern Railway Company at the market price
-of $68 a share. Perhaps we could even run it up
-a little higher. Our stock cost us on an average
-$51 a share. We could take our payment one
-half in cash and half in first mortgage bonds at a
-fair discount. The deal would be highly beneficial
-to the Keokuk &amp; Northern Company, since,
-having such a large block of her rival’s stock,
-there would be no more fighting and rate-cutting.
-Our company would be a powerful factor in the
-Iowa Midland’s affairs, for we ought to have two
-or possibly three directors in their board.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Greener,” said Brown, “shake!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, no; not yet,” squeaked the little man,
-deprecatingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Shortly afterward began a campaign of hostility
-against the management of the Iowa Midland
-Railway Company and President Willetts in particular.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_144'>144</span>It was a bitter campaign of defamation,
-of ingenious accusations, and of alarming prognostications.
-All the newspapers, important or
-obscure, subsidized or honest, began to print
-articles of the kind technically known as “roasts.”
-The road, it was declared, had escaped a receivership
-by a sheer miracle. President Willetts’s incompetence
-was stupendous and incurable. There
-was, in sooth, some basis for the complaints, and
-many stockholders were undoubtedly dissatisfied
-with the Willetts “dynasty.” But not even the
-newspapers themselves knew that they were merely
-moving in response to wires artistically pulled by
-a financial genius of the first water. The stock
-once more declined. Not knowing who was fighting
-him, President Willetts was unable to defend
-himself effectively. Many timid or disgusted
-holders sold out. Mr. Greener gave no sign of
-life; but his brokers bought the stock offered for
-sale.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At length a well-known and talkative broker
-confided to an intimate friend, who told his intimate
-friend in confidence, who whispered to his
-chum, who told, etc., etc., that Mr. John F.
-Greener had been responsible for the fall and
-rise of Iowa Midland stock; that for months he
-had been buying it on the Stock Exchange; that
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_145'>145</span>he had quietly picked up some large blocks in
-Iowa. All of which was very sad, and, worse still,
-true. Also, that Mr. Greener now held 182,300
-shares of the stock, which was even sadder, but
-untrue.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It really was very well done. The annual meeting
-of the company was only six weeks away.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The reporters rushed to Mr. Greener’s office.
-The little financier would not be seen. At length
-he reluctantly consented to be interviewed. He
-admitted, after a skilful display of unwillingness,
-that he had bought Iowa Midland stock. As to
-the amount, he said that was not of interest to
-the general public. The reporters finally cornered
-him and succeeded in making the little
-financier say, with a fleeting and very peculiar
-smile: “Yes; it <em>is</em> over 100,000 shares.” And
-not another word could the newspaper men get
-out of him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Being an intelligent man, he never lied for
-publication. Each reporter who saw that smile
-and the furtive look that accompanied it went
-away convinced to the life-wagering point that
-Mr. John F. Greener was in control of the Iowa
-Midland. And they wrote accordingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>President Willetts all but had an apoplectic
-stroke. The Street disgustedly said: “Another
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_146'>146</span>successful, villainous plot of Greener’s!” And
-such was his reputation as an “absorber” of roads
-and roads’ profits that the stock declined ten
-points in two days. Investors and speculators
-alike displayed a frantic desire not to be identified
-in any way or manner with one of Mr. Greener’s
-properties.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The little financier had not been mistaken. His
-last card was his own evil reputation! He had
-reserved it for the end. On the wide-spread fear
-that followed his broker’s artistic “indiscretion”
-he was able to “scoop” 32,000 shares more at
-low figures. Such is the value of fame!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He now held 110,600 shares, or one third of
-the Iowa Midland Railroad Company’s entire
-capital stock—enough to coerce Willetts into
-making very profitable arrangements with Mr.
-Greener’s Keokuk &amp; Northern Railway Company.
-Of course the absolute control of the Iowa Midland
-was best of all, if it only could be secured.
-But of this the sallow-faced little man with the
-high forehead and the shifty eyes was doubtful.
-He confessed as much to Brown, ending with:
-“It’s a shame, too. I could make so much out
-of that property!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He estimated—it had cost him $11,000 to secure
-the necessary data—that Willetts and his
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_147'>147</span>clique held 105,000 shares, so that there were
-still 122,000 shares unaccounted for—probably
-scattered among small investors throughout the
-country, who did not care who managed the road
-so long as they received pleasant promises of
-dividends, and also among banking houses and
-anti-Greener men, who, though they did not
-approve of Willetts, disapproved even more
-emphatically and vehemently of Greener and his
-methods.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>If he could not buy the stock itself he must
-try to secure proxies.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He knew that some of the trust companies held
-a fair amount of the longed-for stock. He laid
-siege to them. He bombarded them with promises
-and poured an enfilading fire of pledges so
-honorable, so eminently sound and business-like,
-as to pierce the armor of their distrust. In the
-end they actually grew to believe that they were
-acting wisely when they pledged their support
-to Mr. Greener. The guarantee he gave them
-seemed ironclad, and they agreed to give him their
-proxies whenever he should send for them.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He called his clerk Rock and told him: “Go
-to the Rural Trust Company and to the Commercial
-Loan &amp; Trust Company. See Mr. Roberts
-and Mr. Morgan. They will give you some
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_148'>148</span>Iowa Midland proxies made out to Frederick
-Rock or John F. Greener.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Rock was a good-looking, quiet chap, with a
-very well-shaped head and a resolute chin. His
-manners were pleasing. He had a habit of looking
-one straight in the eyes, but did not always
-succeed thereby in conveying an impression of
-straightforwardness. But he certainly impressed
-one as being bold and keen. His fellow-clerks
-used to say that Rock spent his spare time in
-studying the financial operations of the Napoleon
-of the Street with the same care and minuteness
-that military students go over the campaigns of
-Napoleon Bonaparte—which was the truth.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Greener,” said Rock, “you are carrying
-110,000 shares of stock, are you not?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Eh?” squeaked Greener, innocently.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I figure that, unless you are doing something
-outside this office, you will need proxies for 50,000
-shares more to give you absolute control and
-elect your own board of directors and carry out
-your plans in connection with Keokuk &amp; Northern.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Not by so much as the twinkling of an eye did
-the little man betray that he was interested in
-Rock’s words, or that the clerk’s meddling with
-the firm’s affairs was at all out of the ordinary.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_149'>149</span>“Mr. Greener,” said the clerk, very earnestly,
-“I should like to try to get them for you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes?” he squeaked, absent-mindedly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, sir,” answered Rock.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Go ahead, then,” said Mr. Greener, carelessly.
-“Let me know next week how you are getting
-on.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>An expression of disappointment came into
-Rock’s face, whereupon Greener added: “Of
-course if you succeed I’ll do well by you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What will you do, Mr. Greener?” asked the
-clerk, looking straight at him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’ll give you,” he squeaked, encouragingly,
-“ten thousand dollars.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Is that a good price for the work, Mr. Greener?
-I may have to pay out a great deal,” added
-the young clerk with a faint touch of bitterness.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It is all that it is worth to me, Mr. Rock, and I
-think it is worth more to me than to anybody else.
-I’ll raise your salary from sixteen hundred to two
-thousand a year. That’s a great deal more money
-than I had at your age, Mr. Rock.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Very well,” said Rock, quietly. “I’ll do the
-best I can.” But once away from Greener, his
-face flushed with anger and indignation. “Ten
-thousand for what might be worth ten millions to
-the financier!” The clerk had studied Greener’s
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_150'>150</span>Napoleonic methods for two years. He had
-learned patience for one thing, and he had waited
-for his chance. It had come at last, and he knew
-it.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Events make the man. Rock had thought
-carefully, intelligently, and, best of all, coolly.
-He had planned logically. It was a good plan;
-it was the only feasible plan, and it could not be
-upset by meddlesome courts. How Mr. John F.
-Greener had failed to think of the same plan was
-a bit strange. The unscrupulousness of it did
-not frighten the clerk. He had the instincts of a
-financier of the Greener school.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The clerk all that week did nothing but collect
-the Iowa Midland proxies promised by the complaisant
-trust companies. They amounted to
-21,200 shares. From prominent brokerage houses,
-by means of alluring and unauthorized promises,
-he secured 7,100 shares; in all he had 28,300
-shares. This meant that at the approaching annual
-meeting Mr. Greener could vote 138,900
-shares out of a possible total of 320,000. Unless
-the opposition could unite, the election was already
-sure to “go Mr. Greener’s way.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>From time to time, when the little financier
-would ask Rock how he was progressing, the clerk
-would tell him he was doing as well as could be
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_151'>151</span>expected. He also told Mr. Greener that the
-trust companies had given only 14,000 shares,
-and he said nothing whatever of the 7,100 shares
-he had secured from the friendly brokers. It
-was a desperate risk, this concealing from Mr.
-Greener how well he had done; but the clerk
-was bold.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The moment Rock became convinced that there
-were no more pro-Greener proxies to be had by
-hook or crook, he began his attack on the enemy.
-His problem was to capture the anti-Greener votes—or
-stock. He proceeded to put his plan into
-effect. And the plan of this healthy clerk with
-the unflinching eyes and the resolute chin was
-worthy of the sallow-faced little man with the furtive
-look and the great forehead.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It is a case of <em>heads I win; tails you lose</em>,”
-Rock muttered to himself, exultingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The young man presented himself forthwith at
-the office of Weddell, Hopkins &amp; Co., prominent
-bankers and bitter enemies of Mr. John F. Greener
-and his methods. They knew Rock as one of the
-confidential clerks of Brown &amp; Greener, and he
-had no difficulty in securing an audience from Mr.
-Weddell.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning, Mr. Weddell.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning, sir,” said the banker, coldly.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_152'>152</span>“I must say I’m somewhat surprised at the presumption
-of your people in sending you to me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Weddell,” said Rock, a trifle too eagerly
-to be artistic, “I’ve left the firm of Brown &amp;
-Greener. They were,” he added, youthfully, “too
-rascally for me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Weddell’s face froze solid. He feared an
-application for a position.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Ye-es?” he said. His voice matched his
-face in frigidity.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Weddell,” said the young clerk, looking
-straight into the old banker’s eyes, “you in common
-with other honest men have been wishing you
-could prevent Mr. Greener from wrecking the Iowa
-Midland. Now, Mr. Weddell,” he went on, eagerly,
-as the enthusiasm of the plan grew upon him,
-“I know all about Mr. Greener’s plans and resources
-and I want you to help me fight him. If
-you do we will win, sure.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How will you go about it?” asked the old
-banker, evasively. He was not certain this was not
-some trick of the versatile Mr. John F. Greener.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Greener,” answered young Rock, “has not
-control of the property. He has only 110,600
-shares. I had access to the books, and I know to
-a share.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I don’t wish you to betray an employer’s secrets,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_153'>153</span>even though he may be my enemy. I do
-not care to hear any more.” He was an old-fashioned
-banker, was Mr. Weddell.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I am not betraying any secrets. He himself
-said he had over 100,000 shares, and all the reporters
-jumped at the conclusion that he had
-actually a controlling interest. And that is what
-he will have, unless you help me. I have proxies
-here for 28,300 shares from trust companies and
-commission houses. My plan is to get all the
-proxies I can from the anti-Greener and the anti-Willetts
-stockholders. Then we can make Mr.
-Willetts give us pledges in black and white to inaugurate
-the much-needed reforms and stop his
-policy of extravagance and his costly traffic arrangements.
-Willetts will do it to save himself
-and the road from falling into Greener’s hands.
-But there’s no time to lose, Mr. Weddell.” The
-excitement of the game he was playing stimulated
-him like wine.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“And you?” queried the old banker, meaningly.
-“Where do <em>you</em> come in?” The insinuation
-was his last weapon. The young man’s was really
-the only feasible plan that he could see.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I? It might be, Mr. Weddell, that after the
-election I could be appointed assistant secretary
-of the company, as an evidence of good faith on
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_154'>154</span>the part of the reform management. I can keep
-tabs on them and represent the Weddell-Hopkins
-interest. The salary,” he added, with truly artistic
-significance, “could be $5,000 a year. I have
-been getting just one-half that.” His salary was
-exactly $1,600; but why minimize one’s commercial
-value?</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The old banker walked up and down....</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“By gad, sir, you shall have our proxies,” said
-Mr. Weddell, at length.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It would be well not to let Mr. Greener suspect
-this,” added Rock. And the banker agreed
-with him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Weddell, Hopkins &amp; Co. held 14,000 shares of
-Iowa Midland stock, and on the next day Rock
-received their proxies. Coming from so well-known,
-so notoriously anti-Greener a house, they
-served as credentials to him, and he was able to
-convince many doubting Thomases. He secured
-proxies from practically all the anti-Greener stock
-held in the city, as well as in Philadelphia and
-Boston.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>His day-long absences from the office aroused
-no suspicions there, since everybody thought he
-was working in the interest of Brown &amp; Greener,
-including Messrs. Brown &amp; Greener. All told,
-the proxies he had secured from Mr. Greener’s
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_155'>155</span>friends and from his foes amounted to 61,830
-shares. It was really a remarkable performance.
-He felt very proud of it. As to consequences, he
-had carefully weighed them. He was working for
-Frederick Rock. He was bound to succeed, on
-whichever side the coin came down.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Greener called him into the private office.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Rock, how about those Iowa Midland
-proxies?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I have them safe,” answered the clerk, a bit
-defiantly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How many?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Rock pulled out a piece of paper, though he
-knew the figures by heart. He said, in a tone he
-endeavored to make nonchalant: “I have exactly
-61,830 shares.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What? What?” The Napoleon’s voice overflowed
-with astonishment.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Rock looked straight into Greener’s shifty brown
-eyes. “I said,” he repeated, “that I had proxies
-for 61,830 shares.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Greener remembered himself. “I congratulate
-you, Mr. Rock, on keeping your word. You
-will find I keep mine equally well,” he said in his
-normal squeak.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“We may as well have an understanding now
-as any other time, Mr. Greener.” Rock’s eyes did
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_156'>156</span>not leave the sallow face of the great railroad
-wrecker. He knew he had crossed the Rubicon.
-He was fighting for his future, for the prosperity
-of his dreams. And he was fighting a giant of
-giants. All this the clerk thought; and the
-thought braced him wonderfully. He became
-self-possessed, discriminating—a Napoleonic bud
-about to burst into full bloom.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What do you mean?” squeaked Mr. Greener,
-naïvely.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Brown entered. He was just in time to
-hear the clerk say: “You have, all told, 110,000
-shares of Iowa Midland. President Willetts and
-his crowd control about the same amount.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes,” said the sallow-faced little man. His
-forehead was moist—barely moist—with perspiration,
-but his face was expressionless. His eyes
-were less furtive; that was all. He was looking
-intently now at the young clerk, for he understood.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, some of the proxies stand in the name
-of Frederick Rock or John F. Greener, but the
-greater part in my name alone. I can vote the
-entire lot as I please. And whichever side I vote
-for will have an absolute majority. Mr. Greener,
-I have the naming of the directors, and therefore
-of the president of the Iowa Midland. And you
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_157'>157</span>can’t prevent me; and you can’t touch me; and
-you can’t do a d—d thing to me!” he ended, defiantly.
-It was nearly all superfluous, inartistic.
-But, youth—a defect one overcomes with time!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You infernal scoundrel!” shouted Mr. Brown.
-He had a short, thick neck, and anger made his
-face dangerously purple.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I secured most of the proxies,” continued
-Rock, in a tone that savored slightly of self-defence,
-“by assuring Weddell, Hopkins &amp; Co. and their
-friends that I would vote against Mr. Greener.”
-He paused.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Go ahead, Mr. Rock,” squeaked Mr. Greener;
-“don’t be afraid to talk.” The pale little man
-with the black beard and the high forehead not
-only had a great genius for finance, but possessed
-wonderful nerve. His squeak was an inconsistency;
-but it served to make him human.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You offered me $10,000 cash and $2,000 a
-year.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes,” admitted Mr. Greener, meekly. “How
-much do you want?” His look became furtive
-again. A great weight had been removed from
-his mind. Rock perceived it and became even
-more courageous.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Weddell, Hopkins &amp; Co. and their friends
-want me to vote the Willetts ticket, Mr. Willetts
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_158'>158</span>having promised to make important reforms. My
-reward is to be the position of assistant secretary,
-with headquarters in New York, at a salary of
-$5,000 a year, to say nothing of the backing of
-Weddell, Hopkins &amp; Co.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’ll do as much and give you $20,000 in cash,”
-said Mr. Greener, quietly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No. I want to join the New York Stock
-Exchange. I want you to buy me a seat and I
-want you to give me some of your business. And
-I want you to lend me $50,000 on my note.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Greener, you know what I can do; and
-I know what the absolute control of the Iowa Midland
-means to you, and what the consolidation with
-Keokuk &amp; Northern or the lease of the one by the
-other would do for both of them—and for you.
-And I want to be your broker. I’ll serve you
-faithfully, Mr. Greener.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Rock,” squeaked Mr. Greener, “shake hands.
-I understand just how you feel about this. I’ll
-buy you a seat and I’ll give you all the business I
-can, and I’ll lend you $100,000 without any note.
-I think I know you now. The seat you shall have
-just as soon as it can be bought. My interests
-shall be your interests in the future.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’ve made all the necessary arrangements. I
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_159'>159</span>can buy the seat at a moment’s notice,” said Rock,
-calmly, though his heart was beating wildly for
-sheer joy of victory. “It will cost $23,000.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Tell Mr. Simpson to make out my personal
-check for $25,000,” piped the Napoleon of the
-Street, almost cordially.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Th-thank you very much, Mr. Greener,”
-stammered the bold clerk. “The proxies——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, that’s all right,” interrupted Mr. John F.
-Greener. “You’ll go to Des Moines with us.
-You’re one of us now. I’ve long wanted a man
-like you. But, Rock, nowadays, young men are
-either gamblers or fools,” he added, with a final
-plaintive squeak.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>A week later Mr. Greener was elected president
-of the Iowa Midland Railway Company and Mr.
-Rock was elected a member of the New York Stock
-Exchange.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_161'>161</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>THE LOST OPPORTUNITY</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_163'>163</span>For many years Daniel Dittenhoeffer had desired
-the ruin of John F. Greener. “Dutch Dan,” as
-the Street called Dittenhoeffer was a burly man
-with very blonde hair, a very red nose and a very
-loud voice. Greener was a sallow, swarthy bit of
-a man, with black hair and a squeaky voice. He
-had furtive brown eyes and a very high forehead;
-while Dittenhoeffer had frank blue eyes and the
-pugnacious chin and thick neck of a prize fighter.
-Both were members of the New York Stock Exchange
-but Greener was never seen on the “floor”
-after one of his victims lifted him bodily by the
-collar and dropped him fifteen feet into a coal
-cellar on Exchange Place. He would plan the
-wrecks of railroad systems as a measure preliminary
-to their absorption, just as a boa constrictor
-crushes its victims into pulp the more easily to
-swallow them. But the practice, unchecked for
-years, had made him nervous and soul-fidgetty.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Dan spent his days from 10 to 3 on the Stock
-Exchange and his nights from 10 to 3 at the
-roulette tables or before a faro lay-out. Restless
-as the quivering sea and suffering from chronic
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_164'>164</span>insomnia, he had perforce to satisfy his constitutional
-craving for powerful stimulants, but as he
-hated delirium tremens he gave himself ceaselessly
-big doses of the wine of gambling—it does as
-much for the nerves as the very best whiskey. He
-would buy or sell 50,000 shares of a stock and
-he would bet $50,000 on the turn of a card. On
-an occasion he offered to wager a fortune that he
-could guess which of two flies that had alit on
-a table would be the first to fly away. Greener
-found, in the Stock Exchange, the means to a desired
-end. Despite innumerable bits of stock jobbing,
-he had no exalted opinion, in his heart of
-hearts, of stock operations. But Dittenhoeffer
-thought the stock market was the court of last
-resort, whither financiers should go, when they
-were in the right, to get their deserts; and when
-they were in the wrong to overcome their deserts by
-the brute force of dollars. It was natural that in
-their operations in the market the two men should
-be as dissimilar as they were in their physical and
-temperamental characteristics—Machiavelli and
-Richard Cœur-de-Lion.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Nobody knew exactly how the enmity between
-Greener and Dittenhoeffer began. The “Little
-Napoleon of Railroading” had felt toward Dutch
-Dan a certain passive hostility for interference
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_165'>165</span>with sundry stock market deals. But Dan hated
-Greener madly, probably for the same reason that
-a hawk may have for hating a snake: the instinctive
-antipathy of the utterly dissimilar.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Scores of men had tried to “bust” Greener, but
-Greener had grown the richer by their efforts, the
-growth of his fortune being proportionate to the
-contraction of theirs. Sam Sharpe had come from
-Arizona with $12,000,000 avowedly to show the
-effete East how to crush “financial skunks of
-the Greener class.” And the financial skunk
-learned no new lesson, though the privilege of
-imagining he was giving one cost Sharpe a half-million
-a month for nearly one year. Then, after
-Sharpe had learned more of the game—and of
-Greener—he joined hands with Dittenhoeffer and
-together they attacked Greener. They were skilful
-stock operators, very rich and utterly without
-financial fear. And they loathed Greener. In a
-more gorgeous age they would have cut the Little
-Napoleon to pieces and passed his roasted heart
-on a platter around the festive board. In the colorless
-XIX century they were fain to content
-themselves with endeavoring to despoil him of his
-tear-stained millions; to do which they united their
-own smile-wreathed millions—some seven or eight
-of them—and opened fire. Their combined fortune
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_166'>166</span>was divided into ten projectiles and one after another
-hurled at the little man with the squeaky
-voice and the high forehead. The little man
-dodged the first and the second and the third, but
-the fourth broke his leg and the fifth knocked the
-wind out of him. The Street cheered and showed
-its confidence in the artillerists by going short of
-the Greener stocks. But just before the sixth
-shot Greener called to his assistance old Wilbur
-Wise, the man with the skin-flinty heart and
-thirty millions in cash. A protecting rampart,
-man-high, of government bonds was raised about
-the prostrate Napoleon and the financial cannoneers
-ceased firing precious projectiles. The new
-fortifications were impregnable and they knew it;
-so they contented themselves with gathering up
-their own shot and a small railroad or two dropped
-by Greener in his haste to seek shelter. Then
-Sharpe went to England to win the Derby and
-Dittenhoeffer went to Long Branch to amuse himself
-playing a no-limit faro game that cost him
-on an average $10,000 a night for a month.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>There was a period of peace in Wall Street following
-the last encounter between the diminutive
-Napoleon and Dutch Dan. But after a few months
-the fight resumed. Greener was desirous of “bulling”
-his stocks generally and his pet, Federal
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_167'>167</span>Telegraph Company, particularly. Just to show
-there was no need to hurry the “bull” or upward
-movement Dan sold the stock “short” every time
-Greener tried to advance the price. Four times
-did Greener try and four times Dittenhoeffer sold
-him a few thousand shares—just enough to check
-the advance. Up to a certain point a manipulator
-of stocks is successful. His manipulation may
-comprise many ingenious and complex actions and
-devices, but the elemental fact in bull manipulation
-is to buy more than the other fellow can or
-wishes to sell. Greener was willing to buy, but Dan
-was even more willing to sell.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Greener really was in desperate straits. He was
-committed to many important enterprises. To
-carry them out he needed cash and the banks,
-fearful of stock market possibilities, were loath to
-lend him enough. Besides which, there was the
-desire on the part of the banks’ directors to pick
-up fine bargains should their refusal to lend
-Greener money force him to throw overboard the
-greater part of his load. Greener had despoiled
-innumerable widows and orphans in his railroad
-wrecking schemes. The money lenders should
-avenge the widows and orphans. It was a good
-deed. There was not a doubt of it in their
-minds.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_168'>168</span>Federal Telegraph, in which Greener’s commitments
-were heaviest, had been slowly sinking.
-Successful in other quarters of the market, Dutch
-Dan decided to “whack the everlasting daylights
-out of Fed. Tel.” He went about it calmly, just
-as he played roulette—selling it methodically,
-ceaselessly, depressingly. And the price wilted.
-Greener, unsuccessful in other quarters of the
-Street, decided it was time to do something to
-save himself. He needed only $5,000,000. At
-a pinch $3,000,000 might do; or, for the moment,
-even $2,500,000. But he must have the
-money at once. Delay meant danger and danger
-meant Dittenhoeffer and Dittenhoeffer might
-mean death.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Of a sudden, rising from nowhere, fathered by
-no one, the rumor whirled about the Street that
-Greener was in difficulties. Financial ghouls ran
-to the banks and interviewed the presidents.
-They asked no questions in order to get no lies.
-They simply said, as though they knew: “Greener
-is on his uppers.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The bank presidents smiled, indulgently, almost
-pityingly: “Oh, you’ve just heard it, have you?
-We’ve known it for six weeks!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Back to the Stock Exchange rushed the ghouls
-to sell the Greener stocks—not Federal Telegraph
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_169'>169</span>which was really a good property, but his reorganized
-roads, whose renascence was so recent that
-they had not grown into full strength. Down
-went prices and up went the whisper: “Dittenhoeffer’s
-got Greener at last!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>A thousand brokers rushed to find their dear
-friend Dan to congratulate him—Napoleon’s conqueror,
-the hero of the hour, the future dispenser
-of liberal commissions, but dear Dan could not
-be found. He was not on the “floor” of the Exchange
-nor at his office.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Some one had sought Dittenhoeffer before the
-brokers thought of congratulating him—some one
-who was the greatest gambler of all, greater even
-than Dutch Dan—a little man with furtive brown
-eyes and a squeaky voice; also a wonderful forehead:
-Mr. John F. Greener.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Mr. Dittenhoeffer, I sent for you to ask you
-a question,” he squeaked, calmly. He stood beside
-a garrulous ticker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Certainly, Mr. Greener.” And Dittenhoeffer
-instantly had a vision of humble requests to “let
-up.” And he almost formulated the very words
-of a withering refusal.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Would you execute an order from me?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Certainly, Mr. Greener. I’ll execute anybody’s
-orders. I’m a broker.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_170'>170</span>“Very well. Sell 50,000 shares of Federal
-Telegraph Company for me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What price?” jotting down the figures, from
-force of habit, his mind being paralyzed.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“The best you can get. The stock,” glancing
-at the tape, “is 91.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Very well.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The two men looked at one another—Dutch
-Dan half menacingly, Greener, calmly, steadily,
-his furtive eyes almost truthful.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning,” said Dittenhoeffer at length
-and the little man’s high-browed head nodded dismissingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Dittenhoeffer hastened back to the Exchange.
-At the entrance he met his partner, Smith—the
-“Co.” of D. Dittenhoeffer &amp; Co.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Bill, I’ve just got an order from Greener to
-sell 50,000 shares of Federal Telegraph.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Wh-what?” gasped Smith.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Greener sent for me, asked me whether I’d accept
-an order from him, I said yes, and he told me
-to sell 50,000 shares of Telegraph, and I’m——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You’ve got him, Dan. You’ve got him,” exultantly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’m going to cover my 20,000 shares with the
-first half of the order and sell the rest the best I
-can.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_171'>171</span>“Man alive, this is your chance! Don’t you
-see you’ve got him? Smilie of the Eastern National
-Bank tells me there isn’t a bank in the city
-will lend Greener money, and he needs it badly to
-pay the last $10,000,000 to the Indian Pacific
-bondholders. He’s bit off more than he can chew,
-damn ‘im!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, Bill, we’ll treat Mr. Greener as we do
-any other customer,” said Dittenhoeffer.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But—” began Smith, with undisguised consternation;
-he was an honest man, when away
-from the Street.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, I’ll get him yet. This won’t save him.
-I’ll get him yet,” with a confident smile.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It would have been very easy for him to take
-advantage of Greener’s order to make a fortune.
-He was short 20,000 shares which he had put out
-at an average price of 93. He could have taken
-Greener’s block of 50,000 shares and hurled it
-bodily at the market. Not even a gilt-edge stock
-could withstand the impact of such a fearful blow,
-and the price of Federal Telegraph doubtless
-would have broken 15 points or more, and he
-could easily have taken in his shorts at 75 or possibly
-even at 70–-which would have meant a
-profit of a half-million of dollars—and a loss of
-a much needed million to his arch-foe, Greener.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_172'>172</span>And if he allowed his partner to whisper in strict
-confidence to some friend how Dan was selling out
-a big line of Telegraph for Greener the “Room”
-would have gone wild and everybody would have
-hastened to sell and the decline would have gone
-so much further as to cripple the little Napoleon
-possibly beyond all hope of recovery. Had
-Greener made the most colossal mistake of his
-life in giving the order to his enemy?</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Dan went to the Federal Telegraph post where
-a score of madmen were shouting at the top of
-their voices the prices they were willing to pay or
-to accept for varying amounts of the stock. He
-gave to twenty brokers orders to sell 1,000 shares
-each at the best obtainable price and he himself,
-through another man took an equal amount. On
-the next day he in person sold 20,000 shares and
-on the third day the last 10,000 shares of Greener’s
-order. This selling, the Street thought, was
-for his own account. It was all short stock; that
-is, his colleagues thought he was selling stock he
-didn’t own, trusting later on to buy it back
-cheaply. Such selling never has the depressing
-effect of “long” stock because it is obvious that
-the short seller must sooner or later buy the stock
-in, insuring a future demand, which should exert
-a lifting influence on prices; for</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c018'>
- <div class='linegroup'>
- <div class='group'>
- <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_173'>173</span>“<em>He who sells what isn’t his’n</em></div>
- <div class='line'><em>Must buy it back or go to pris’n.</em>”</div>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>And Dittenhoeffer was able to get an average
-of $86 per share for Greener’s 50,000 shares of
-Federal Telegraph Company stock, for the Street
-agreed, with many headshakings, that Dan was
-becoming too reckless and Greener was a slippery
-little cuss and the short interest must be simply
-enormous and the danger of a bad “squeeze” exceedingly
-great. Wherefore, they forebore to
-“whack” Telegraph. Indeed, many shrewd
-traders saw, in the seeming weakness of the stock,
-a trap of the wily little Napoleon and they
-“fooled” him by astutely buying Federal Telegraph!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>With the $4,300,000 which he received from
-the sale of the big block of stock, Greener overcame
-his other troubles and carried out all his plans.
-It was a daring stroke, to trust to a stock broker’s
-professional honor. It made him the owner of a
-great railroad system. Dutch Dan’s attacks later
-did absolutely no harm. Greener had made an
-opportunity and Dittenhoeffer had lost one.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_175'>175</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>PIKE’S PEAK OR BUST</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_177'>177</span>He was only seventeen, fair-haired and rosy-cheeked,
-with girlish blue eyes, when he applied
-for the vacancy in the office of Tracy &amp; Middleton,
-Bankers and Brokers. His name was Willis
-N. Hayward, and he was a proud boy, indeed,
-when he was selected out of twenty “applicants”
-to be telephone-clerk for the firm.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>From 10 <span class='sc'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">A.M.</span></span> until 3 <span class='sc'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">P.M.</span></span> he stood by Tracy
-&amp; Middleton’s private telephone on the floor of
-the Stock Exchange—the Board Room—receiving
-messages from the office—chiefly orders to
-buy or sell stocks for customers—and transmitting
-the same messages to the “Board member” of
-the firm, Mr. Middleton; also telephoning Mr.
-Middleton’s reports to the office. He spoke with
-a soft, refined voice, and his blue eyes beamed so
-ingenuously upon the other telephone-boys in the
-same row of booths, that they said they had a
-Sally in their alley, and they immediately nicknamed
-him Sally.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It was all very wonderful to young Hayward,
-who had been out of boarding-school but a few
-months—the excited rushing hither and thither
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_178'>178</span>of worried-looking men, the frantic waving of
-hands, the maniacal yelling of the brokers executing
-their orders about the various “posts,” and
-their sudden relapse into semi-sanity as they jotted
-down the price at which they had sold or
-bought stocks. It was not surprising that he
-should fail to understand just how they did business;
-but what most impressed him was the fact,
-vouched for by his colleagues, that these same
-clamoring, gesticulating brokers were actually
-supposed to make a great deal of money. He
-heard of “Sam” Sharpe’s $100,000 winnings in
-Suburban Trolley, and of “Parson” Black’s famous
-million-dollar <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">coup</span></i> in Western Delaware—the little
-gray man even being pointed out to him in
-corroboration. But, then, he had also heard of
-Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, and Jack the
-Giant Killer.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He learned the business, as nearly all boys
-must do in Wall Street, by absorption. If he
-asked questions he received replies, but no one
-volunteered any information for his guidance, and
-in self-defence he was forced to observe closely, to
-see how others did, and to remark what came of
-it. He heard nothing but <em>speculate! speculate!</em>
-in one guise or another, many words for the same
-meaning. It was all buying or selling of stocks—a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_179'>179</span>concentrated and almost visible hope of making
-much money in the twinkling of an eye. Nobody
-talked of anything else on the Exchange. Bosom
-friends met at the opening of business and did not
-say “Good-morning,” but plunged without preamble
-into the only subject on earth—speculation.
-And if one of them arrived late he inevitably
-inquired forthwith, “How’s the market?”—asked
-it eagerly, anxiously, as if fearful that
-the market had taken advantage of his absence
-to misconduct itself. The air was almost unbreathable
-for the innumerable “tips” to buy or
-sell securities and insecurities of all kinds. The
-brokers, the customers, the clerks, the Exchange
-door-keepers, all Wall Street read the morning
-papers, not to ascertain the news, but to pick such
-items as would, should, or might, have some effect
-on stock values. There was no god but the ticker,
-and the brokers were its prophets!</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>All about Sally were hundreds of men who
-looked as if they took their thoughts home with
-them and dined with them and slept with them and
-dreamed of them—the look had become settled, immutable.
-And it was not a pleasant look, about
-the eyes and lips. He saw everywhere the feverishness
-of the “game.” Insensibly the atmosphere of
-the place affected him, colored his thoughts, induced
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_180'>180</span>certain fancies. As he became more familiar with
-the technique of the business he grew to believe,
-like thousands of youthful or superficial observers,
-that stock-market movements were comparable
-only to the gyrations of the little ivory ball about
-the roulette-wheel. The innumerable tricks of
-the trade, the uses of inside misinformation, the
-<i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">rationale</span></i> of stock-market manipulation, were a
-sealed book to him. He heard only that his
-eighteen-year-old neighbor made $60 buying
-twenty shares of Blue Belt Line on Thursday and
-selling them on Saturday, 3⅜ points higher; or
-that Micky Welch, Stuart &amp; Stern’s telephone-boy,
-had a “tip” from one of the big room traders which
-he bravely “played”—as you “play” horse or
-“play” the red or the black—and cleared $125 in
-less than a week; or that Watson, a “two-dollar”
-broker, made a “nice turn” selling Southern
-Shore. Or else he heard, punctuated with poignant
-oaths, how Charlie Miller, one of the New
-Street door-keepers, lost $230 buying Pennsylvania
-Central, after he accidentally overheard Archie
-Chase, who was “Sam” Sharpe’s principal broker,
-tell a friend that the “Old Man” said “Pa.
-Cent.” was due for a ten-point rise; instead of
-which there had been a seven-point decline. Always
-the boy heard about the apparently irresponsible
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_181'>181</span>“bulges” and “drops,” of the winnings
-of the men who happened to guess correctly, or
-of the losses of those who had failed to “call the
-turn.” Even the vernacular of the place savored
-of the technicalities of a gambling-house.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>As time wore on the glamour of the game wore
-off; likewise his scruples. His employers and their
-customers—all gentlemanly, agreeable people—speculated
-every day, and nobody found fault
-with them. It was not a sin; it was a regular
-business. And so, whenever there was a “good
-thing,” he “chipped in” one dollar to a telephone-boys’
-“pool” that later operated in a New Street
-bucket shop to the extent of ten shares. His
-means were small, his salary being only $8 a
-week; and very often he thought that if he only
-had a little more money he would speculate on a
-larger scale and profit proportionately. If each
-time he had bought one share he had held twenty
-instead, he figured that he would have made no
-less than $400 in three months.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The time is ripe for other things when a boy
-begins to reason that way. Having no scruples
-against speculating, the problem with him became
-not, “Is it wrong to speculate?” but rather,
-“What shall I do to raise money for margin purposes?”
-It took nearly four months for him to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_182'>182</span>arrive at this stage of mind. With many boys
-the question is asked and satisfactorily solved
-within three weeks. But Hayward was an exceptionally
-nice chap.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Now, the position of telephone-boy is really
-important in that it requires not only a quick-witted
-but a trustworthy person to fill it. In
-the first place, the boy knows whether his firm
-is buying or selling certain stocks; he must exercise
-discrimination in the matter of awarding the
-orders, should the Board member of the firm happen
-to be unavailable when the boy receives the
-order. For example: International Pipe may be
-selling at 108. A man in Tracy &amp; Middleton’s
-office, who has bought 500 shares of it at 104,
-wishes to “corral” his profits. He gives an order
-to the firm to sell the stock, let us say, “at the
-market,” that is, at the ruling market price.
-Tracy &amp; Middleton immediately telephone over
-their private line to the Stock Exchange to their
-Board member to “sell 500 shares of International
-Pipe at the market.” The telephone-boy
-receives the message and “puts up” Mr. Middleton’s
-number, which means that on the multicolored,
-checkered strip on the frieze of the New
-Street wall, Mr. Middleton’s number, 611, appears
-by means of an electrical device. The moment
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_183'>183</span>Mr. Middleton sees that his number is “up,”
-he hastens to the telephone-booth to ascertain what
-is wanted. Now, if Mr. Middleton delays in answering
-his number the telephone-boy knows he is absent,
-and gives the order to a “two-dollar” broker,
-like Mr. Browning or Mr. Watson, who always
-hover about the booths looking for orders. He
-does the same if he knows that Mr. Middleton is
-very busy executing some other order, or if, in
-his judgment, the order calls for immediate execution.
-The two-dollar broker sells the 500 shares
-of International Pipe to Allen &amp; Smith, and
-“gives up” Tracy &amp; Middleton on the transaction,
-that is, he notifies the purchaser that he is
-acting for T. &amp; M., and Allen &amp; Smith must look
-to the latter firm—the real sellers—for the stock
-bought. For this service the broker employed by
-Tracy &amp; Middleton receives the sum of $2 for
-each 100 shares, while Tracy &amp; Middleton, of
-course, charge their customers the regular commission
-of one eighth of one per cent., or $12.50
-per each hundred shares.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Young Hayward attended to his business closely,
-and when Mr. Middleton was absent from the
-floor, or busy, he impartially distributed the firm’s
-telephoned buying or selling orders among the
-two-dollar brokers, for Tracy &amp; Middleton did a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_184'>184</span>very good commission business indeed. He was a
-nice-looking and nice-acting little chap, was Hayward—clean-faced,
-polite, and amiable. The
-brokers liked him, and they “remembered” him at
-Christmas. The best memory was possessed by
-“Joe” Jacobs, who gave him $25, and insinuated
-that he would like to do more of Tracy &amp; Middleton’s
-business than he had been getting.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But,” said Sally, “the firm said I was to
-give the order to whichever broker I found first.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well,” said Jacobs, oleaginously, “I am never
-too busy to take orders from such a nice young
-fellow as yourself, if you take the trouble to find
-me; and I’ll do something nice for you. Look
-here,” in a whisper, “if you give me plenty of
-business, I’ll give you $5 a week.” And he dived
-into the mob that was yelling itself hoarse about
-the Gotham Gas post.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Hayward’s first impulse was to tell his firm
-about it, because he felt vaguely that Jacobs would
-not have offered him $5 a week if he had not expected
-something dishonorable in return. Before
-the market closed, however, he spoke to Willie
-Simpson, MacDuff &amp; Wilkinson’s boy, whose telephone
-was next to Tracy &amp; Middleton’s. Sure
-enough, Willie expressed great indignation at Jacobs’s
-action.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_185'>185</span>“It’s just like that old skunk,” said Willie.
-“Five dollars a week, when he can make $100 out
-of the firm. Don’t you do it, Sally. Why, Jim
-Burr, who had the place before you, used to get
-$20 a week from old man Grant and $50 a month
-from Wolff. You’ve got a cinch, if you only
-know how to work it. Why, they are supposed to
-give you fifty cents a hundred.” Willie had been
-in the business for two years, and he was a very
-well-dressed youth, indeed. Sally now understood
-how he managed it on a salary of $12
-a week.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He did not say anything to the firm that day,
-nor any other day. And he didn’t say anything
-to Jacobs in return, but, by Willie’s sage advice,
-contented himself with merely withholding all orders
-from that oleaginous personage, until Mr.
-Jacobs was moved to remonstrate. And Sally,
-who had learned a great deal in a week under
-Willie’s tuition, answered curtly: “Business is
-very bad; the firm is doing hardly anything.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But Watson told me,” said Jacobs, angrily,
-“that he was doing a great deal of business for
-Tracy &amp; Middleton. I want you to see that I
-get my share, or I’ll speak to Middleton and find
-out what the trouble is.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Is that so?” said Sally, calmly. “You might
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_186'>186</span>also tell Mr. Middleton that you offered me $5 a
-week to give you the bulk of our business.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>One of the most stringent laws of the Stock Exchange
-treats of “splitting” commissions. Any
-member who, in order to increase his business,
-charges an outsider or another member less than
-exactly the prescribed amount for buying or selling
-stocks, is liable to severe penalties. The offer
-of a two-dollar broker to give a telephone-boy
-fifty cents for each order of 100 shares secured
-was obviously a violation of the rule.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Jacobs came down to business at once. “I’ll
-make it $8,” he said, conciliatingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Jim Burr, who had the position before me,”
-expostulated Sally, indignantly, “told me he received
-$25 a week from Mr. Grant, with an extra
-$10 thrown in from time to time, when Mr. Grant
-made some lucky turn, to say nothing of what the
-other men did for him.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Three months before he could not have made
-this speech had his life depended on it. The rapid
-development of his character was due exclusively
-to the “forcing” power of the atmosphere which
-surrounded him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You must be crazy,” said Jacobs, angrily.
-“Why, I never get much more than a thousand
-shares a week from Tracy &amp; Middleton, and usually
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_187'>187</span>less. Say, you ought to be on the floor. You
-are wasting your talent in the telephone business,
-you are. Let’s swap places, you and I.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“According to our books,” said Sally to the
-irate broker, having been duly coached by Mr.
-William Simpson, “the last week you did business
-for us you did 3,800 shares, and received $76.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That was an exceptional week. I’ll make
-it $10,” said Jacobs.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Twenty-five,” whispered Sally, determinedly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Let’s split the difference,” murmured Jacobs,
-wrathfully. “I’ll give you $15 a week, but you
-must see that I get at least 2,500 shares a week.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“All right. I’ll do the best I can for you, Mr.
-Jacobs.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And he did, for the other brokers gave him
-only twenty-five cents, or at the most fifty cents
-per hundred shares. In the course of a month or
-two Sally was in possession of an income of $40 a
-week. And he was only eighteen.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>II.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>Time-passed. As it had happened with his
-predecessor, so did it happen now with Sally. He
-began by speculating, wildly at first, more carefully
-later on. He met with sundry reverses, but
-he also made some very lucky turns indeed, and
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_188'>188</span>he was “ahead of the game” by a very fair amount—certainly
-a sum far greater than any plodding
-clerk could save in five years, greater than many
-an industrious mechanic saves in his entire life.
-From the bucket-shops he went to the Consolidated
-Exchange. Then he asked Jacobs and the
-other two-dollar brokers to let him deal in a small
-way with them, which they did out of personal
-liking for him, until he had three separate accounts
-and could “swing a line” of several
-hundred shares. He became neither more nor
-less than 10,000 other human beings in Wall
-Street—moved by the same impulses, actuated
-by the same feelings, experiencing the same
-emotions, having the same thoughts and the
-same views of what they are pleased to call
-their “business.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At last the blow fell which Sally had so long
-dreaded—he was “promoted” to a clerkship in
-Tracy &amp; Middleton’s office. The firm meant to
-reward him for his devotion to his work, for his
-brightness and quickness. From $15 a week they
-raised his salary to $25, which they considered
-quite generous, especially in view of his youth,
-and that he had started three years before with
-$8. He was only twenty now. But Sally, knowing
-it meant the abandonment of his lucrative
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_189'>189</span>perquisites as telephone “boy,” bemoaned his undeserved
-fate.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He took the money he had made to Mr. Tracy
-and told him an interesting story of a rich aunt
-and a legacy, and asked him to let him open an
-account in the office. Tracy congratulated his
-young clerk, took the $6,500, and thereafter Sally
-was both an employee and a customer of Tracy &amp;
-Middleton.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Addicted to sharp practices though Mr. Tracy
-was and loving commissions as he did, he nevertheless
-sought to curb Sally’s youthful propensity
-for “plunging,” which was as near being kind as
-it was possible for a stock-broker to be. But the
-money had “come easy.” That is why fortunes
-won by stock gamblers are lost with apparent
-recklessness or stupidity. Sally speculated with
-varying success, running up his winnings to $10,000,
-and seeing them dwindle later to $6,000.
-But in addition to becoming an inveterate speculator,
-he gained much valuable experience. And
-when he had learned the tricks of the trade he was
-taken from the ledgers and turned loose in the
-customers’ room, to take the latter’s orders and
-keep them in good humor and tell them the current
-stories, and give them impressively whispered
-“tips,” and “put them into” various “deals” of
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_190'>190</span>the firm, and see that they traded as often as possible,
-which meant commissions for the firm. He
-became friendly and even familiar with Tracy &amp;
-Middleton’s clients, among whom were some very
-wealthy men, for a stock-broker’s office is a democratic
-place. Men who would not have dreamed
-of taking their Wall Street acquaintances to their
-homes or to their clubs for a million reasons,
-all but called each other by their first names
-there.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He really was a bright, amiable fellow, very
-obliging—he was paid for it by the firm—and
-he made the most of his opportunities. The customers
-grew to like him exceedingly well, and to
-think with respect of his judgment, market-wise.
-One day W. Basil Thornton, one of the wealthiest
-and boldest customers of the firm, complained
-of the difficulty of “beating the game” with the
-heavy handicap of the large brokerage commission.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Jestingly, yet hoping to be taken seriously,
-Sally said: “Join the New York Stock Exchange
-or buy me a seat, and form the firm of Thornton
-&amp; Hayward. Just think, Colonel, we would have
-your trade, and you could bring some friends, and
-I could bring mine, and I think many of these”—pointing
-to Tracy &amp; Middleton’s customers—“would
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_191'>191</span>come over to us. They all think a lot,”
-diplomatically, “of your opinions on the market.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Thornton was favorably impressed with the
-idea, and Sally saw it. From that moment on he
-worked hard to gain the Colonel’s confidence. It
-was he who gave Thornton the first hint of Tracy
-&amp; Middleton’s condition, which led to the withdrawal
-of Thornton’s account—and his own—from
-the office. It was a violation of confidence and
-of business ethics, but Thornton was very grateful
-when, two months later, Tracy &amp; Middleton failed,
-under circumstances which were far from creditable,
-and which were discussed at great length by
-the Street. He showed his gratitude by adding
-a round sum to Sally’s $11,500, and Willis N.
-Hayward became a member of the New York
-Stock Exchange. Shortly afterward the firm of
-Thornton &amp; Hayward, Bankers and Brokers, was
-formed. Sally, then in his twenty-fifth year, had
-become a seasoned Wall Street man.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>III.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>From the start the new firm did well. Colonel
-Thornton and two or three friends who followed
-him from Tracy &amp; Middleton’s office, all of them
-“plungers,” were almost enough to keep Hayward
-busy on the Exchange executing orders, and,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_192'>192</span>moreover, new customers were coming in. Had
-he been satisfied with this start, and with letting
-time do the rest, he would have fared very well.
-But he began to speculate for himself, and all
-reputable commission men will tell you, with varying
-degrees of emphasis, that this not only “ties
-up” the firm’s money, but that no man can
-“trade”—speculate—on his own hook and at
-the same time do justice to his customers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Thornton was a rich man, and protected his
-own speculations more than amply. He noticed
-the development of his young partner’s gambling
-proclivities, and remonstrated with him—in a
-kindly, paternal sort of way.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sally vowed he would stop.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Within less than three months he had broken
-his promise twice, and his unsuccessful operations
-in Alabama Coal at one time threatened seriously
-to embarrass the firm.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Colonel Thornton came to the rescue.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sally promised, with a solemnity born of sincere
-fear, never to do it again.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But fright lasts but a little space, and memory
-is equally short-lived. Wall Street has no room
-for men with an excess of timidity or of recollection.
-He had gambled before he joined the New
-York Stock Exchange. After all, if speculating
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_193'>193</span>were a crime and convictions could be secured in
-fifty out of a hundred flagrant instances, one half
-the male population of the United States would
-perforce consist of penitentiary guards forever engaged
-in watching over the convicted other half,
-Sally told a customer one day.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And then, too, Willis N. Hayward, the Board
-member of Thornton &amp; Hayward, was a very different
-person from Sally, the nice little telephone-boy
-of Tracy &amp; Middleton’s. His cheeks were
-not pink; they were mottled. His eyes were not
-clear and ingenuous; they were shifty and a bit
-watery. He had been in Wall Street eight or
-ten years, and he overworked his nerves every day
-from 10 <span class='sc'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">A.M.</span></span> to 3 <span class='sc'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">P.M.</span></span> on the Stock Exchange;
-also from 5 <span class='sc'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">P.M.</span></span> to midnight at the café of a big
-up-town hotel, where Wall Street men gathered
-to talk shop. His system craved stimulants;
-gambling and liquor were the strongest he knew.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>When, after three years, the firm expired by
-limitation, Colonel Thornton withdrew. He had
-had enough of Hayward’s plunging. To be sure,
-Sally had become a shrewd “trader,” and he had
-made $75,000 during the big bull boom; but he
-was at heart a “trader,” which is to say, a mere
-gambler in stocks, and not a desirable commission
-man.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_194'>194</span>But Sally, flushed with success on the bull side,
-did not worry when Thornton refused to continue
-the partnership. The slogan was “Buy A.
-O. T. It’s sure to go up!” the initial standing
-for <em>Any Old Thing</em>! The most prosperous period
-in the industrial and commercial history of the
-United States begot an epidemic of speculative
-madness such as was never before known, and
-probably never again will be. Everybody had
-money in abundance, and the desire for speculation
-in superabundance. Sally formed a new
-firm immediately—Hayward &amp; Co.—with his
-cashier as partner.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c015'>IV.</h3>
-
-<p class='c016'>All mundane things have an end, even bull
-markets and bear markets. The bull market saw
-Hayward &amp; Co. doing a good business, as did
-everybody else in Wall Street. It ended, and the
-firm’s customers, after a few bad “slumps” in
-prices, were admonished to turn bears in order to
-recoup their losses. Bears believe prices are too
-high and should go lower; bulls, optimists, believe
-the opposite. The public can’t sell stocks
-“short” any more than the average man is left-handed.
-These customers were no exception, so
-they did nothing.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_195'>195</span>Hayward had “overstayed” the bull market,
-though not disastrously; that is, he was in error
-regarding the extent and duration of the upward
-movement of prices. He proceeded to fall into a
-similar error on the bear, or downward, side. The
-market had been extremely dull following what
-the financial writers called a “severe decline,” but
-which meant the loss of millions of dollars by
-speculators. A panic had been narrowly averted
-by a timely combination of “powerful interests,”
-after which the market became professional. In
-the absence of complaisant lambs, the financial
-cannibals known as “room traders” and “pikers”
-tried to “scalp eighths” out of each other for
-weeks—to take advantage of fractional fluctuations
-instead of waiting for big movements. Hayward’s
-customers, like everybody else’s customers,
-were not speculating. So he used their money to
-protect his own speculations. Office expenses
-were numerous and heavy, and commissions few
-and light.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Hayward was very bearish. He had sold stocks,
-sharing the belief of the majority of his fellows,
-that the lowest prices had not been reached. As
-a result he was heavily “short,” and he could not
-“cover” at a profit, because prices had advanced
-very slowly, but very steadily.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_196'>196</span>One day a big gambler in Chicago, bolder or
-keener than his Eastern brethren, thought the
-time was ripe for a “bull” or upward movement
-in general, and particularly in Consolidated Steel
-Rod Company’s stock. He was the chairman of
-the board of directors. Mr. William G. Dorr
-decided upon a plan whereby the stock would be
-made attractive to that class of speculative investors,
-so to speak, who liked to buy stocks
-making generous disbursements of profits to their
-holders. Mr. Dorr’s plan was kept a secret. The
-first step consisted of sending in large buying
-orders, handled by prominent brokers, and synchronously
-the publication, in the daily press, of
-various items, all reciting the wonderful prosperity
-of the Consolidated Steel Rod Company and its
-phenomenal earnings; also the unutterable cheapness
-of the stock at the prevailing price. Mr.
-Dorr and associates, of course, had previously
-taken advantage of the big “slump” or fall in
-values to buy back at 35 the same stock they had
-sold to the public some weeks before at 70.
-Having acquired this cheap stock, they “manipulated”—by
-means of further purchase—the
-price so that they could sell out at a profit.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It so happened, however, that once before
-dividend rumors about “Con. Steel Rod” had
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_197'>197</span>been disseminated, with the connivance of Dorr,
-and they had not come true, to the great detriment
-of credulous buyers and the greater profit of
-the insiders, who were “short” of the stock “up
-to their necks”—a typical bit of stock-jobbing
-whereat other and more artistic stock-jobbers had
-expressed the greatest indignation. Instead of
-putting the stock on a dividend-paying basis, the
-directors had decided—at the last hour—that it
-would not be conservative to do so, whereupon
-the stock had “broken” seventeen points. The
-lambs lost hundreds of thousands of dollars; the
-insiders gained as much. It was a “nice turn.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Hayward remembered this, and when the stock,
-after several days of conspicuous activity and
-steady advances, rose to 52, he promptly sold
-“short” 5,000 shares—believing that the barefaced
-manipulation would not raise the stock much
-above that figure, and that before long it must
-decline. Only a month previously it had sold at
-35 and nobody wanted any of it. He was all the
-more decided in his opinion that the “top” had
-been reached by prices, because Mr. Dorr, in a
-Chicago paper, had stated that the stockholders
-would probably receive an entire year’s dividend at
-one fell swoop by reason of the unexampled prosperity
-in the steel rod trade. Such an action was
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_198'>198</span>unprecedented. It had been talked about at various
-times in connection with other stocks, but it
-had never come true. Why should it come true
-in this instance?</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Hayward, familiar with Dorr’s record, promptly
-“coppered” his “tip” to buy, banking on Dorr’s
-consistent mendacity. But Mr. William G. Dorr,
-shrewdest and boldest of all Western stock gamblers,
-fooled everybody—he actually told the
-truth. That week the directors did exactly as he
-had predicted. When a speculator of his calibre
-lies he fools only one half—the foolish half—of
-the Street. When he tells the truth he deceives
-everybody. Before Wall Street could recover
-from the shock the price of the stock was up 5
-points, which meant that Hayward was out
-$25,000 on that deal alone. But, in addition,
-the general list was carried upward sympathetically.
-The semi-paralyzed bulls regained confidence
-as they saw the successful outcome of the
-Chicago gambler’s manœuvres in Consolidated
-Steel Rod. Money rates and bear hopes fell;
-stock values and bull courage rose! Hayward
-began “covering” Steel Rod. He “bought in”
-5,000 shares, and after he finished he had lost
-$26,750 by the deal. He was still “short” about
-12,000 shares of other stocks, on which his
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_199'>199</span>“paper” losses, at the last quoted prices, were over
-$35,000; but if he tried to buy back such a large
-amount of stock in a market so sensitive to any
-kind of bull impetus, he would send prices upward
-in a jiffy, increasing his own losses very materially.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He went to his office that morning in a tremor.
-He consulted the cashier, and found he had only
-$52,000 at the bank, of which two thirds belonged
-to his customers. He was already, morally
-speaking, an embezzler. He was ruined if he
-didn’t cover, and he was ruined if he did. His
-“seat” on the Stock Exchange was worth possibly
-$40,000, not a cent more; and as he personally
-owed his out-of-town correspondents nearly $38,000,
-he could not avoid being hopelessly ruined.
-Moreover, his bankruptcy would not be an
-“honest” failure, for, as he told himself bitterly,
-after the harm was done, “I had no business to
-speculate on my own hook with other people’s
-money.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He had felt it rather than had seen it coming,
-for, gambler-like, he had closed his eyes and had
-buried his head in the sand of hope, trusting in
-luck to protect him from punishment. But now
-he was face to face with the question that every
-gambler dreads: “If I stood to lose all, how
-desperate a risk would I take in order to get it
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_200'>200</span>back?” The answer is usually so appallingly
-thief-like that the numerous Haywards of the
-Stock Exchange and the Board of Trade forthwith
-stop thinking with a suddenness that does
-credit to the remnants of their honesty. But it
-haunts them, does the ominous question and the
-commenced but unfinished answer.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>As he left his office to go to the “Board
-Room” he put to himself the fateful query. But
-he would not let himself answer it until he had
-stopped at “Fred’s,” the official barroom of the
-Stock Exchange, and had taken a stiff drink of
-raw whiskey. Then the answer came.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He was ruined anyhow. If he failed without
-further ado, that is, without increasing his liabilities,
-he would be cursed by twenty-five of his
-customers and by fifteen of his fellow-brokers who
-were “lending” stocks to him. But if he made
-one last desperate effort, he might pull out of the
-hole; or, at the worst, why, the number of cursing
-customers would remain the same, but the
-fellow-brokers would rise to twenty or thirty.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He took another stiff drink. The market had
-become undoubtedly a bull market. The bears
-had been fighting the advance, and there still remained
-a stubborn short interest in certain stocks,
-as, for example, in American Sugar Company
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_201'>201</span>stock. Now if that short interest could be
-stampeded it might mean an eight or ten-point
-advance. If he bought 10,000 or 15,000 shares
-and sold them at an average profit of four or five
-points, he would put off the disaster, and if he
-made ten points he would be a great operator.
-He had, to be sure, no business to buy even 1,000
-shares of Sugar; but then he had no business to
-be on the verge of bankruptcy.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The liquor was potent. Sally said to himself,
-aggrievedly: “I might as well be hung for a flock
-as for one measly old mutton.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He walked a trifle unsteadily from “Fred’s”
-across the narrow asphalted New Street to the
-Stock Exchange. He paused at the entrance.
-There was no escape. Unless he could make a
-lucky strike, he would fail ignominiously.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Pike’s Peak or bust!” he muttered to himself,
-and walked into the big room.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning, Mr. Hayward,” said the doorkeeper.
-Hayward nodded absently, caught himself
-repeating, “Pike’s Peak or bust!” and walked
-straight toward the Sugar post.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He began to bid for stock. One thousand
-shares at 116; he got it. Another thousand; it
-was forthcoming at 116⅛. A third thousand;
-somebody was glad to sell it at 116½. So far, so
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_202'>202</span>bad. Then he bid 117 for 2,500 shares, and it
-was promptly sold. But when he bid “117 for
-any part of 5,000!” the crowd hesitated; the
-brokers were not altogether sure Hayward was
-“good for it”; his ability to pay for the stock
-was not undoubted. So Sally, taking advantage
-of the hesitation, bid 117¼ and 117½ for 5,000
-Sugar, at which price “Billy” Thatcher, a two-dollar
-broker, sold it to him. It made 10,500
-shares Hayward had bought, and the stock had
-risen only 1½ points. The shorts were not frightened
-a wee bit. But Sally was. He rushed out
-of the crowd to his telephone and made a pretence
-of “reporting” the transactions to his office, as
-he would have done had they been <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">bona fide</span></i> purchases.
-He was followed by a hundred sharply curious—and
-curiously sharp—eyes. They saw him
-hold the telephone receiver to his ear with an expression
-of great interest, as if he were listening
-to an important message. But the only message
-he heard was that of his heart-beats, that seemed
-to say, almost articulately: “You have played
-and you have lost; you have played and you have
-lost. Therefore, you are that much worse off than
-before. You must play again—<em>and not lose</em>!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He left his telephone and rushed back to the
-Sugar crowd. He was less excited, less like a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_203'>203</span>drunken man; his face was no longer flushed, but
-pale. And anon there flashed upon him, as if in
-candent letters, the words <em>Pike’s Peak or bust</em>!
-But <em>Pike’s Peak</em> glowed dully, feebly, while the
-alternative was of a lurid splendor. And he
-blinked his eyes and made a curious impatient
-motion with his hand, as one waves away an annoying
-insect.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He gave an order for 5,000 Sugar to his friend,
-Newton Hartley.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Is this for yourself, Sally?” asked Hartley.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No. It’s for one of the biggest men in the
-Street, Newt. It’s all right. Absolutely O. K.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And thus reassured, Hartley bought the stock.
-The price was 118. The seller would hold Hartley
-responsible for the purchase money if Hayward
-“laid down”—refused to pay.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Sally wiped his forehead twice, quite unnecessarily.
-The shorts were not stampeding. Any
-attempt to sell out the 15,000 shares he had
-bought would result only in depressing the price,
-five points at least. It was worse than bad, the
-outlook for him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He gave another order to buy 5,000 shares to
-“Billy” Lansing, an old and reliable two-dollar
-broker, but Lansing declined it. He tried another,
-but the order was not accepted. They mistrusted
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_204'>204</span>him; but he could not even bluster, for
-they excused themselves on the ground of having
-important orders elsewhere. So he had recourse
-to another personal friend—J. G. Thompson.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Joe, buy 5,000 Sugar.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Are you sober?” said Thompson, seriously.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“See for yourself,” answered Sally, laughingly.
-He had nerve. “Old man, I’ve got a very big
-order from one of the biggest men in the Street.
-Some important developments are going on.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Sally, are you sure you’ve got an order from
-some one else?” asked the unconvinced broker.
-His incredulity was obviously in the nature of an
-insult, but it was pardonable, for there was too
-much at stake.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Joe, come over to the office and I’ll show you.—Really,
-I can’t tell you. But I can advise you, as
-a friend, to buy Sugar for all you are worth.”
-And as he uttered the lie he looked straight into
-Thompson’s eyes.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Hayward, are you sure? Are you sure you’re
-not making a mistake?” He wanted the commission
-of $100, but he did not feel certain of his
-friend.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, hell, no. I’ve got a lot more to buy.
-It’s all right. Go ahead, Joe.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And Joe went ahead. He bought the 5,000
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_205'>205</span>shares. The stock rose to 119½, and Hayward,
-warned by his experience with Hartley and Thompson,
-did not ask either friend or foe to buy another
-5,000 shares for him. What he did was to distribute
-buying orders for 10,000 shares in lots of
-500. Brokers now accepted his orders, for they
-were not so large as to be dangerous. And the
-stock rose to 122¾. A few shorts were frightened.
-He might win out after all; he might make Pike’s
-Peak. He began to bid up the stock. He even
-bought “cash” stock, that is, stock for which he
-paid cash, had to pay cash outright, receiving the
-certificates forthwith, presumably to hand over to
-some investor of millions. Everybody on the
-“floor” was talking about Hayward. The entire
-market had risen in sympathy with Sugar.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But at 124 it seemed as if the entire capital
-stock was for sale. He ceased buying. He had
-accumulated 38,000 shares. To pay for the
-stock necessitated about six and one-half millions!
-But if he could unload on an average
-of only 122 he might “come out even” in his
-other troubles.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He gave an order to sell 10,000 shares to a
-broker to whom he had always been a good friend.
-It was a fatal mistake. The broker, Louis W.
-Wechsler, had previously sold 1,000 shares to
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_206'>206</span>Hayward for “cash” at 122. He suspected what
-was coming, and declining the order, he himself
-went to Hayward’s office and asked for a check.
-The cashier sought to put him off with excuses,
-and Wechsler now being certain of the true state
-of affairs, returned to the Board and began to sell
-Sugar short for his own account. If a crash came
-he would make instead of losing it. Hayward
-was sure to be ruined, and Wechsler told himself
-sophistically that he was only profiting by the inevitable.
-In the meantime Sally had sold the
-10,000 shares through another broker, and the
-price had declined to 121¾. But Wechsler’s
-5,000 shares put it down to 120½. And somebody
-else sold more, and the shorts recovered from
-their fright, and the fatal hour was approaching
-when Hayward would have to settle. Pike’s Peak
-or bust! He did, indeed, need a veritable Pike’s
-Peak of dollars to pay for the 28,000 Sugar he
-had on hand. So he busted.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>He threw up his hands. He acknowledged defeat
-to himself. The tension was over. He was
-no longer excited, but cool, almost cynical. On
-one of the little slips of paper on which brokers
-jot down memoranda of their transactions he scribbled
-a message in lead pencil. It was his last
-official lie, and would cost Hartley and Thompson
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_207'>207</span>and other friends, as well as his customers, many
-thousands of dollars. It was as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Owing to the refusal of their bank to extend
-the usual facilities to them, Hayward &amp; Co. are
-compelled to announce their suspension.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Boy!” he yelled. And he gave the bit of
-paper to one of the Exchange messenger boys in
-gray. “Take this to the Chairman.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And he walked slowly, almost swaggeringly, out
-of the New York Stock Exchange—for the last
-time—as the Chairman pounded with his gavel
-until the usual crowd gathered about the rostrum,
-and listened to the announcement of the failure of
-“Sally” Hayward, who began as a nice little telephone-boy
-and ended as a stock-gambler.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <span class='pageno' id='Page_209'>209</span>
- <h2 class='c005'>A THEOLOGICAL TIPSTER</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_211'>211</span>At first Wall Street thought that Silas Shaw’s
-“religiousness” was an affectation. What purpose
-the Old Man desired to serve by the calculated
-notoriety of his church affiliations no one
-could tell. It is true that many ingenious theories
-were advanced, some going so far as to hint
-at repentance. But deep in the hearts of his fellow-brokers,
-and of his friends and his victims alike,
-was the belief that old Shaw, in some not generally
-known way, made practical use of his ostentatious
-enthusiasm for things churchly as politicians
-resort to more or less obvious devices to
-“capture the German vote” or to “please the
-Irish element.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>One day, after a series of skirmishes and a final
-pitched battle in “South Shore” between the Old
-Man and the bears, when the pelts of the latter,
-after the capitulation, added nearly a half million
-to the old fellow’s bank account, certain luminaries
-of the Methodist Episcopal Church were called into
-consultation. Silas Shaw had long thought about
-it; and now there was much conferring and more
-or less arid and misplaced sermonizing by the theologians
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_212'>212</span>and much soothing talk by the Old Man’s
-lawyers; and more Methodist clergymen and more
-lawyers and more talk; and then a real estate
-agent and an architect and a leading banker and,
-at last, just one check from the Old Man.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The next day the newspapers announced that
-the Shaw Theological Seminary had been founded
-and endowed by Mr. Silas Shaw. But even after
-the Old Man had devoted his ursine spoils to this
-praiseworthy object, Wall Street continued skeptical.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>And, yet, Wall Street made a mistake—as it
-often does in its judgment of its leaders. Silas
-Shaw really had a soft spot in his tape-wound and
-ticker-dented old heart for all things ecclesiastical.
-Next to being a power in the Street he loved to
-be regarded as one of the pillars of his church.
-He heard with pleasure, of week days, the wakeful
-<em>staccato</em> sound of the ticker; but on Sundays he
-certainly enjoyed the soothing cadences of familiar
-hymns. And if more than one hardened broker
-expressed picturesque but unreproducible opinions
-of the old man, so also more than one enthusiastic
-young minister could tell pleasant stories of how
-the old stock gambler received him and responded
-to the fervent appeal for the funds wherewith
-many a little backwoods church was built.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_213'>213</span>Shaw’s generosity was so notorious among the
-church people that the Reverend Doctor Ramsdell,
-pastor of the Steenth Street Methodist Episcopal
-Church and a trustee of the Shaw Theological
-Seminary, felt no embarrassment in applying to
-him for assistance. It was not Shaw’s church,
-but in Dr. Ramsdell’s charge there were one or
-two bankers well known in Wall Street and several
-members of the New York Stock Exchange.
-It seemed particularly fitting to the Rev. Dr.
-Ramsdell that the name of Silas Shaw, followed
-by a few figures, should head a subscription list.
-It was desired to erect a Protestant Chapel in
-Oruro, Bolivia—the most uncivilized of all the
-South American “republics.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning, Brother Shaw; I trust you
-are well.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Tolerable, tolerable, thank’ee kindly,” replied
-the sturdy old gambler. “What brings you
-down to this sinful section? Doing some missionary
-work, eh? I wish you’d begin among
-those da—er—dandy young bears.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Ah, yes,” said the Rev. Dr. Ramsdell, eagerly.
-“It is precisely <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à propos</span></i> of missionary work.” And
-he told Silas Shaw all about the plan for carrying
-the light into Bolivia by building the only Protestant
-chapel in Oruro, where it was incredibly
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_214'>214</span>tenebrous—worse than darkest Africa. The reverend
-doctor hoped, nay, he knew, in view of
-Brother Shaw’s well-known devotion to the glorious
-work of redeeming their benighted Bolivian
-brethren, that he could count upon him, etc.; and
-the subscription list——</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“My dear Dr. Ramsdell,” interrupted Shaw,
-“I never sign subscription lists. When I give, I
-give; and I don’t want everybody to know how
-much I’ve given.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well, Brother Shaw, you need not sign your
-name. I’ll put you down as X. Y. Z.,” he smiled
-encouragingly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No, no; don’t put me down at all.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The good doctor looked so surprised and so woebegone
-that Shaw laughed.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Cheer up, Doctor. I tell you what I’ll do;
-I’ll buy some Erie for you. Yes, sirree; that’s
-the best thing I can do. What do you say to
-that?” And he looked at the doctor, triumphantly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Ahem!—I am not—are you sure it will
-prove a—ahem!—a desirable investment? You
-see, I do not—ah—know much about Wall
-Street.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Neither do I. And the older I grow the less
-I know.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_215'>215</span>The reverend doctor ventured a tentative smile
-of semi-incredulity.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“That’s right, Doctor. But we’ll make something
-for you. The blooming, I mean, benighted
-Bohemians——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Ahem!—Bolivians, Brother Shaw.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I meant Bolivians. They must have a chance
-for their souls. John,” to a clerk; “buy 500
-shares of Erie at the market.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, sir,” said John, disappearing into the
-telephone booth. To buy, “at the market”
-meant to buy at the prevailing or market price.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Brother Shaw, I am extremely grateful to you.
-This matter is very close to my heart, I assure
-you. And—ah—will—when will I know if the—ah—investment
-turns out profitably?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, have no fears on that score. We shall
-make the stock market contribute to your missionary
-fund. All you’ll have to do is to look on
-the financial page of your paper every evening and
-keep posted.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I fear, Brother Shaw,” said Dr. Ramsdell, deprecatingly,
-“that I shall have no little trouble
-in—ah—keeping posted.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Not at all. See, here,” and he took up his paper
-and turned to the stock tables. “Draw up
-your chair, Doctor. You see, here is Erie. Yesterday,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_216'>216</span>on transactions of 18,230 shares, Erie Railroad
-stock sold as high as 64¾ and as low as 63¼,
-the last or closing sale being at 64½. The numbers
-mean dollars per share. It was very strong.
-Haven’t you got a report on that 500 Erie yet,
-John?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes, sir,” said John. “Sixty-five and one-eighth.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You see, Doctor, the stock is still going up.
-Well, every day when you look on the table you
-will see at what price Erie stock is selling. If it
-is more than 65⅛, why, that will show you are
-making money. Every point up, that is, every
-unit, will mean that your missionary fund is $500
-richer.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“And—Brother Shaw—ahem!—if it should
-be—ah—less?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What’s the use of thinking such things, Dr.
-Ramsdell? All you have to remember is that I am
-going to make some money for you; and that I
-paid 65⅛ for the stock I bought.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“You really think——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Have no fears, Doctor. You understand, of
-course, that it is well not to give such matters
-undue publicity.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Of course, of course,” assented the doctor.
-“I understand.” But he did not.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_217'>217</span>“Nothing more, Doctor?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“No; I thank you very much, Brother Shaw.
-I—er—most sincerely hope my—ah—your—I
-should say—ah—our investment, may result
-in—ah—favorably for our Bolivian Missionary
-Fund. Thanks very much.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Don’t mention it, Doctor. And don’t you
-worry. We will come out O.K. You’ll hear
-from me in a week or two. Good-morning.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The reverend doctor went across the Street to
-the office of one of his parishioners, Walter H.
-Cranston, a stock broker.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Cranston was bemoaning the appalling lack
-of business and making up his mind about certain
-Delphic advice he contemplated giving his timid
-customers, in order to make them “trade,” which
-would mean commissions, when Dr. Ramsdell’s
-card was brought.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Confound him, what does he want to come
-around, bothering a man at his business for?” he
-thought. But he said: “Show him in, William.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning, Brother Cranston.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why, good-morning, Dr. Ramsdell. To what
-do I owe this unexpected pleasure?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I’ve called to see you about our Missionary
-Fund. You know I take a great deal of interest
-in it. We desire to build a chapel in Bolivia,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_218'>218</span>where the light is needed, Brother Cranston, as
-much as in China, I assure you. And it is so
-much nearer home.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Doctor, I really—” began Cranston, with an
-injured air.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I want your valuable autograph to head the
-subscription list,” said the clergyman with an air
-he endeavored to make arch and playful. “Don’t
-refuse me.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why don’t you try some well-known person?”
-said Cranston, modestly.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“To tell you the truth, Brother Cranston, I did
-try Silas Shaw.” And he added, hastily, “Not
-but that you are sufficiently well-known for my
-purpose.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“What did the old ras—the Old Man say?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“He said he never signed subscription lists.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Didn’t he give you anything at all?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, yes; he—er—he did something for
-me.” The doctor’s face assumed a portentous air.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Cranston’s eyes brightened. “What was that?”
-he said.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Well,” said the clergyman, hesitatingly, “he
-said we would come out O.K. Those are his own
-words, Brother Cranston.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes?” Cranston’s face did not look promising
-for Bolivian enlightenment.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_219'>219</span>“Yes. He—er—told me he would make the
-stock market contribute to the fund.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Indeed!” Cranston showed a lively interest.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes. I suppose since you are in the same
-business, there is no harm in telling you that he
-bought some stock for me. Five hundred shares,
-it was. Do you think, Brother Cranston, that that—er—that
-will mean much? You see, I have the
-fund very close to my heart; that is why I ask.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It depends,” said Cranston, very carelessly,
-“upon what stock he bought for you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It was Erie Railroad stock.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Of course, Dr. Ramsdell, your profits will depend
-upon the price you paid.” This also in a
-tone of utter indifference.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“It was Brother Shaw who paid. The price
-was 65⅛.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Aha!” said Cranston. “So the Old Man is
-bullish on Erie, is he?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I do not know what you mean, but I know
-he told me I should read the paper every day and
-see how much above 65⅛ the price went; and that
-I would surely hear from him.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I sincerely hope you will, Doctor. Let me
-see, will $100 do? Very well, I’ll make out a
-check for you. Here it is. And now, Doctor,
-will you excuse me? We are very busy, indeed.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_220'>220</span>Good-morning, Dr. Ramsdell. Call again any
-time you happen to be down this way.” And he
-almost pushed the good man out of the office in
-his eagerness to be rid of him.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>No sooner had the ground-glass door closed on
-the Rev. Dr. Ramsdell than Cranston rushed to
-the telephone and put in an order to buy 1,000
-shares of Erie at the best possible price. By doing
-this before he notified his friends he proved that
-he himself firmly believed in Erie; also, he bought
-his stock ahead of theirs and thereby, in all likelihood,
-bought it cheaper. He then rushed into
-the customers’ room and yelled: “Hi, there!
-Everybody get aboard Erie! Silas Shaw is bullish
-as Old Nick on it. I get this absolutely
-straight. I’ve thought all along the old rascal
-was quietly picking it up. It’s his movement and
-no mistake. There ought to be ten points in it
-if you buy now.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The firm of Cranston &amp; Melville bought in all,
-that day, for themselves and their customers, 6,200
-shares of Erie, doing as much as anyone else to
-advance the price to 66½.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>All that week the reverend doctor was busy
-collecting subscriptions for the Bolivian Missionary
-Fund. He was a good soul and an enthusiast on
-the subject of that particular subscription list.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_221'>221</span>So, he told his parishioners how Brother Cranston
-had given $100 and Brother Baker, another Wall
-Street man, $250, and Brother Shaw had promised—he
-told this with an amused smile, as if at
-the incongruity of it—to make the stock market
-contribute to the fund! Brother Shaw had done
-this by buying some stock for him and had assured
-him, in his picturesque way, that it would
-come out O.K. in a week or two. Everybody to
-whom he told that fact developed curiosity regarding
-the name of the stock itself. They
-showed it in divers ways, according to their various
-temperaments. And as he had told some he
-felt that he should not discriminate against others;
-so, he told to all, impartially, the name of
-the stock. It would not harm Brother Shaw, he
-supposed—and he supposed rightly. He experienced,
-in a gentle, benevolent, half-unconscious sort
-of way, something akin to the great Wall Street
-delight—that of “giving a straight tip” to appreciative
-friends. The Bolivian Missionary Fund
-grew even beyond the good man’s optimistic expectations.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But a strange, a very strange thing happened:
-Erie stock, according to the doctor’s daily perusal
-of the dry financial pages, had been fluctuating
-between 65 and 67. On the following Tuesday,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_222'>222</span>to his intense surprise, the stock table recorded:
-“Highest, 65¾; lowest, 62; last, 62⅝.” On
-Wednesday the table read: “Highest, 62½; lowest,
-58; last 58.” On Thursday, there was a ray
-of hope—the stock sold as high as 60 and closed
-at 59½. But on Friday there was a bad break
-and Erie touched 54⅛, just 11⅛ points below what
-the Bolivian Missionary Fund’s stock had cost.
-And, on Saturday, the stock declined to 50, closing
-at 51¼.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>That Sunday the Reverend Doctor Henry W.
-Ramsdell preached to the gloomiest congregation
-in Gotham. Wherever he turned his gaze he met
-reproachful looks—accusing eyes, full of bitterness
-or of anger or of sadness. An exception was Mr.
-Silas Shaw, who had come, as he often did, to hear
-his friend, Dr. Ramsdell, preach. His eyes beamed
-benignantly on the pastor throughout the long
-sermon. He looked as if he felt, Dr. Ramsdell
-thought, inexplicably contented. Had he forgotten
-his promise—the promise from which benighted
-Bolivia expected so much?</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The two men met after the service. Dr. Ramsdell’s
-manner was constrained; Mr. Shaw’s affable.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Good-morning, Doctor,” said the grizzled old
-operator. “I’ve carried a small piece of paper in
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_223'>223</span>my pocket for some days, in the hope of meeting
-you. Here it is.” And he handed a check for
-$5,000 to the clergyman.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Why—er—I—er—I—didn’t—the stock—er—go
-down?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Sure!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“How is it then that——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, that’s all right. It came out just as I
-expected. That’s why you get the check.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But—ahem!—didn’t you buy 500 shares for
-me?”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Yes; but after you left I sold 10,000 shares
-between 65 and 67. Your congregation, Doctor,
-developed a remarkable bullishness on Erie.” He
-chuckled gleefully. “It was to them that I sold
-the stock!”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But my—ahem!—impression was that you
-said the stock would go up.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, no. I never said that. I merely told
-you we’d come out O.K. And I guess we have.”
-He laughed joyously. “It’s all right, Doctor;
-those pesky Bolivians will be enlightened, you
-bet.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“But,” said the doctor, with a very red face,
-fingering the check, hesitatingly, “I don’t know
-whether to accept it or not.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“Oh, you’re not robbing me,” the old stock
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_224'>224</span>gambler assured him, gaily. “I made out quite
-well; quite well, thank you.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“I—I—mean—” stammered the clergyman,
-“I don’t know whether it is right to——”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Shaw frowned. “Put that check in your pocket,”
-he said, sharply. “You earned it.”</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
- <div>THE END</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c004' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
- <div><span class='xlarge'>RECENT</span></div>
- <div><span class='xlarge'>PUBLICATIONS</span></div>
- <div><span class='xlarge'><em>of</em></span></div>
- <div><span class='xxlarge'>McClure, Phillips &amp; Co.</span></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/i_233.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
- <div class='nf-center'>
- <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'><em>New York</em></span></div>
- <div><span class='large'>1901–1902</span></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c004' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c003'>
- <div><em>Anthony Hope’s New Novel</em></div>
- <div class='c004'>TRISTRAM OF BLENT</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c000'>It is always a question what Anthony Hope will do
-next. From a dashing romance of an imaginary
-kingdom to drawing-room repartee is a leap which
-this versatile writer performs with the greatest ease. In
-his “Tristram of Blent” he has made a new departure,
-demonstrating his ability to depict character by some
-exceedingly delicate and skillful delineation. The plot
-is unique, and is based upon the difference of time of the
-Russian and English calendars, by which a marriage, a
-birth, and the ownership of lands and name are in turn
-affected, producing complications which hurry the reader
-on in search of the satisfactory solution which awaits
-him. The Tristrams are characters of strong individualities,
-of eccentricities likewise. These, coloring all
-their acts, leave the reader in doubt as to the issue; yet
-it is a logical story through and through, events following
-events in carefully planned sequence. A work of undoubted
-originality based on modern conditions, “Tristram
-of Blent” proves that the author does not need an
-ideal kingdom to write a thrilling romance. (12mo, $1.50.)</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
- <div>IRISH PASTORALS</div>
- <div class='c004'><em>By Shan F. Bullock</em></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c000'>“Irish Pastorals” is a collection of character
-sketches of the soil—of the Irish soil—by one who
-has lived long and closely among the laboring, farming
-peasantry of Ireland. It is not, however, a dreary recital
-of long days of toil with scanty food and no recreation,
-but it depicts within a life more strenuous than
-one can easily realize, abundant elements of keen native
-wit and irrepressible good nature. The book will give
-many American readers a new conception of Irish pastoral
-life, and a fuller appreciation of the conditions which
-go to form the strength and gentleness of the Irish character.
-(12mo, $1.50.)</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
- <div>THE WESTERNERS</div>
- <div class='c004'><em>By Stewart Edward White</em></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c000'>When the Black Hills were discovered to be rich
-in valuable ores, there began that heterogeneous
-influx of human beings which always follows new-found
-wealth. In this land and in this period, Stewart Edward
-White has laid the setting of “The Westerners,” a story
-which is full of excitement, beauty, pathos and humor.
-A young girl, growing to womanhood in a rough mining
-camp, is one of the central figures of the plot. The other
-is a half-breed, a capricious yet cool, resourceful rascal,
-ever occupied in schemes of revenge. Around these two
-are grouped the interesting characters which gave color
-to that rude life, and, back of them all, rough nature in
-her pristine beauty. The plot is strong, logical, and well
-sustained; the characters are keenly drawn; the details
-cleverly written. Taken all in all, “The Westerners” is
-a thoroughly good story of the far West in its most picturesque
-decade. (12mo, $1.50.)</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
- <div>BY BREAD ALONE</div>
- <div class='c004'><em>By I. K. Friedman</em></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c000'>Mr. Friedman has chosen a great theme for his
-new novel, one which affords a wealth of color
-and a wide field for bold delineation. It is a story of the
-steel-workers which introduces the reader to various and
-little-known aspects of those toiling lives. In the course
-of the work occurs a vivid description of a great strike.
-The author, however, shows no tinge of prejudice, but
-depicts a bitter labor struggle with admirable impartiality.
-Along with the portrayal of some of man’s worst passions
-is that of his best, his affection for woman, forming a
-love-story which softens the stern picture. The book
-will appeal to students of industrial tendencies, as well
-as to every lover of good fiction. (12mo, $1.50.)</p>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c004' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c000'><em>Here are two volumes of most thrilling tales, gleaned
-from the material which the age has brought us.
-Each collection occupies an original field and depicts some
-characteristic phase of our great commercial life.</em></p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
- <div>WALL STREET STORIES</div>
- <div class='c004'><em>By Edwin Lefèvre</em></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c000'>It would be difficult to find a better setting for a good
-story than this hotbed of speculation. On the Exchange,
-every day is a day of excitement, replete with
-dangerous risks, narrow escapes, victories, defeats. There
-are rascals, “Napoleonic” rascals, and the “lambs”
-who are shorn; there is the old fight between right and
-wrong, and sometimes the right wins, and sometimes—as
-the world goes—the wrong. In the maddening whirl
-of this life, which he knows so well, Edwin Lefèvre has
-laid the setting of his Wall Street stories. A number of
-them have already appeared in <cite>McClure’s Magazine</cite>, and
-their well-merited success is the cause of publication in
-book form of this absorbing collection. (12mo, $1.25.)</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
- <div>HELD FOR ORDERS</div>
- <div class='c004'>STORIES OF RAILROAD LIFE</div>
- <div class='c004'><em>By Frank H. Spearman</em></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c000'>While railroad life affords fewer elements of passion
-and emotion than the life of Wall Street, it
-offers however a far greater field for the depiction of
-the heroic. Deeds of bravery are probably more common
-among these hardy, cool, resourceful men—the railroad
-employees—than among any other members of
-society. “Held For Orders” describes thrilling incidents
-in the management of a mountain division in the far West.
-The stories are all independent, but have characters in
-common, many of whom have been met with in <cite>McClure’s
-Magazine</cite>. Mr. Spearman combines the qualities of a
-practical railroad man with those of a fascinating storyteller,
-and his tales, both in subject and manner of telling,
-are something new in literature. (12mo, $1.50.)</p>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c004' />
-</div>
-<div class='tnotes'>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
- <h2 class='c005'>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</h2>
-</div>
- <ol class='ol_1 c002'>
- <li>Silently corrected typographical errors.
-
- </li>
- <li>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
- </li>
- </ol>
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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