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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed6a1fe --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #51215 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51215) diff --git a/old/51215-0.txt b/old/51215-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 08973de..0000000 --- a/old/51215-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2522 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Two diaries From Middle St. John's, -Berkeley, South Carolina, by Susan Ravenel Jervey, Charlotte St Julien Ravenel -and Mary Rhodes Waring Henagan - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Two diaries From Middle St. John's, Berkeley, South Carolina, February-May, 1865 - -Author: Susan Ravenel Jervey - Charlotte St Julien Ravenel - Mary Rhodes Waring Henagan - -Release Date: February 14, 2016 [EBook #51215] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DIARIES *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - - TWO DIARIES - - FROM MIDDLE ST. JOHN’S, BERKELEY, - SOUTH CAROLINA, FEBRUARY-MAY, 1865 - - JOURNALS KEPT BY MISS SUSAN R. JERVEY AND MISS CHARLOTTE ST. J. - RAVENEL, AT NORTHAMPTON AND POOSHEE PLANTATIONS, - AND REMINISCENCES OF MRS. (WARING) HENAGAN - - WITH TWO CONTEMPORARY REPORTS - FROM FEDERAL OFFICIALS - - PUBLISHED BY THE ST. JOHN’S HUNTING CLUB - - 1921 - - - - -Extract from the Minutes of the 121st Annual Meeting of the St. John’s -Hunting Club. - - -Wampee Plantation, July 4, 1921. - -* * * * Prof. Yates Snowden exhibited carefully prepared copies of -diaries kept by Miss Susan R. Jervey and Miss Charlotte St. J. Ravenel -at Northampton and Pooshee plantations, respectively, during the months -of February, March and April, 1865. Our women were then unprotected save -by a few old men and boys, and Middle St. John’s was frequently raided -by roving bands of negro soldiers, mainly by the 55th Mass. Regiment. -Professor Snowden suggested that a committee be appointed to consider -the propriety and devise means for publishing these authentic records of -the sufferings and fortitude of our kinswomen during those times, and to -make a report at the next annual meeting. - -After an animated discussion by President T. P. Ravenel, J. St. Clair -White, H. R. Dwight and others, Capt. Sam’l G. Stoney moved that the -club proceed to publish the diaries forthwith, using such funds as were -available in the treasury, and that the members of the club subscribe -individually enough to make up the deficit. - -The President appointed Capt. Sam’l G. Stoney, J. St. Clair White and -Prof. Yates Snowden a committee to edit the diaries, add explanatory -foot notes, and make a suitable contract with some publishing house for -300 copies of the pamphlet. * * * * - -(Sgd.) HENRY R. DWIGHT, -Secretary. - - - - -EXTRACTS FROM JOURNAL, KEPT BY MISS SUSAN R. JERVEY, AT NORTHAMPTON -PLANTATION.[1] - - -Thursday night February 16th. Such awful news came to us that just as -the table was laid and everything ready for us to enjoy our supper -Father[2] decided not to wait, but ordered the horses to be harnessed to -the carriage, and we started on our fearful journey from Cedar Grove,[3] -not even taking time to carry anything with us; our terror on the road -imagining we heard the Yankees’ guns across the swamp. We reached -Northampton about 10:00 o’clock. After a quiet night, we found many of -the terrifying rumors false. Mother spent the next day at Cedar Grove, -packing up and moving our more valuable goods here. - -Saturday February 18th. Nothing certain about Columbia. Father and -Rene[4] who had gone to hunt up James’s[5] company at Santee, returned -this morning not having found the Marion Artillery. The dear old city -(is) to be given up tonight at 12:00 o’clock; our army is falling back. - -Sunday February 19th. The most un-Sunday feeling Sunday I have ever -past. Father and Rene started for St. Stephens Depot in hopes of finding -James hearing his battalion was to pass there some time to-day, but had -hardly had time to get off the plantation, when they returned bringing -James and Sinkler[6] with them. - -These boys started from Huger’s Bridge to walk home; got lost and spent -the whole of last night in the woods. They must have wandered over -thirty miles. - -Tuesday morning, 2 A.M. February----. Too busy with my books to write -last night. James and Henry Sinkler started after dinner for their -company. Startled a little while ago to hear some noise under my window; -my head being full of negroes and Yankees roused up Mother with the cry, -“the enemy is upon us”! Just as we stood listening, a man’s head -appeared at the door. It was an age of terror, altho’ hardly a second -before we recognized James. Henry Sinkler and himself could not find -their company, so came back seeing a light in my window. James had tried -to attract my attention when, remembering a defective shutter, he got -in. - -A Lieut. LaBorde[7] from Columbia, young, handsome and pleasant spoken -dined here yesterday, trying to get a horn. Charles[8] turned over his -riding horn to him. One squad of Southern deserters and five Georgians -passed through this morning looking for their command. - -February 21st. Our news now is all rumor; no papers; no letters. All we -know is picked up from soldiers passing through. They are all marching -for St. Stephens, where the army is concentrating to cross the bridge. - -William,[9] who returned this morning from carrying * * * Aunt -Nenna’s[10] carriage horses says for four miles from St. Stephens depot, -the roads are white with tents. An army of 10,000 men is a sight to see! -Cousin Thomas[11] rode over to tell us the last orders; all cotton to be -burned and all negro men to go out. - -James and Sinkler left after breakfast and the buggy has not yet got -back. - -Aunt Nenna has been busy all day moving all her provisions into the -house. * * * * The negroes seem very unwilling for the work; some of -their aside speeches very incendiary. Edward, the old coachman is -particularly sullen. - -Wednesday, February 22nd. Anna and her father old Mr. Cain[12] spent the -morning. The buggy got back this morning. A note from James. Such a -pitiful little note, on a slip of Confederate paper sealed with -pine-gum! They expect to cross today, as the enemy have landed at Bull’s -Bay and are advancing rapidly. This afternoon while very busy unpacking -a box in the store room to carry up stairs to hide grist in, the alarm -was given that the cavalry had come to burn the cotton. I dropped -everything * * * while I ran to help the work. Aunt Nenna, Mother and I -helped to roll one bale down the hill. Then Aunt Nenna was as busy as -anyone, cutting the bagging open before setting a fire. No one can say -she is not patriotic; she gave her three horses to the government; has -burnt her five bales of cotton, worth about $7,500, and tomorrow sends -off six or seven of her mules to the army. Most of the negro men took to -the swamp last night for fear of impressment, Edward ringleader! Such -heavy guns this morning! * * * * - -Thursday, February 23--Uncle Peter[13] and his troop crossed Le Nud’s -Ferry to-day. Poor Neddie[14] stopped here to-day on his way home, not -knowing that home was desolate. Mother and home having gone, his eyes -filled and his lip quivered when we told him. - -Friday, February 24th. An anxious day. This morning heard firing, -nearer; much nearer than the city; also that the enemy are fighting at -Monck’s Corner. Cousin Edwin,[15] who has been down to reconnoitre, says -the enemy have been fighting our cavalry under Captain Campbell near the -canal bridge between Biggin and Monck’s Corner on the Murray’s Ferry -Road. The right wing of skirmishers passed through Mrs. White’s[16] -yard at Gippy. These men are said to have marched from Bull’s Bay to -intercept our men at St. Stephens. We have been so intent watching for -the Yankees that we mistook a party of our men, Georgians, for the -enemy. Everything was ready. Rene even had his blanket ready for the -swamp, when we found that they were our men, cut off from their command -on their way to join them at Nelson’s Ferry. We, in the joy of our -hearts, gave them a good dinner; made them dry their wet clothes by the -fire; filled their pockets with “goobers” and I hope sent them away -content and comfortable. - -Saturday, February 25th. Jacob[17] returned from St. Stephens; says our -pickets have been driven in; a body of artillerymen who had been sent to -meet the Yankees had returned and everything was hastening to cross the -bridge. Harry[18] came down from Cedar Grove this morning; only hope he -will get horse and buggy safe home. The negroes have most terrifying -stories this morning; the enemy have marched through Pinopolis, and were -at Wampee last night, others say they heard great whooping and yelling -as if some one was driving a hundred of cattle. - -Sunday, February 26th. White Hall Essex[19] was here last night; says a -negro had come from Gippy; the Yankees had shot all of Mrs. White’s -poultry; took her horses; tore up her clothes and threw them out of the -windows to the negroes; broke up her crockery; when they could not get -keys, broke up the locks. The negro says this was only the first party. -When the officers came they stopped the work of devastation, till the -rest of the army came. - -Monday, February 27th. Yankees at DuBois (near Bonneau’s) yesterday -noon, four or five in number; did nothing but carry off Mr. Harvey’s -saddle and bridle. Before leaving they called up the negroes and told -them they were free; consequently none would go to work this morning. -Father heard this from Mr. Harvey whom he met at Pooshee, where all the -men left in the neighborhood met to decide what to do to save their -property from Yankee spoliation. They had quite a fright; a squad of -cavalry were seen coming up the avenue, which were taken for Yankees, -but were discovered to be our own men under Lieut. Bright of Edgefield, -detached by Gen. Samuel W. Ferguson to come down to worry the enemy and -suppress disorder among the negroes. Poor old Mr. Cain * * * started for -home on the first alarm, working his way around to stop here and let us -know Father was a prisoner! Father having come home the direct road had -told us all the news before the old man’s arrival. The enemy penetrated -as far as Black Oak last night where they took prisoner one of our poor -soldiers who had stopped at the Myers’ for supper. They returned as they -came through Wantoot. The negroes say the house there very much injured. -I hear Mrs. (Catherine) White behaved very bravely, but old Mrs. -Brunson, who lived with her, said so much, the Yankees threatened to put -her head through the window and shoot it off! Mrs. White wrote and -begged Mr. Lewis Simons, who lived near, to come to her aid. He could -not leave his family, but invited General Potter (_sic_) to dinner; told -him what his men were doing. Potter instantly sent an order for them to -desist. What I most fear is not the Yankees, but the negroes, cut off -from all help from across the river, and at their mercy, what will -become of us? Disorder has already started. Aunt Nenna’s people have all -returned to their work, except Edward; the leader, I firmly believe. -Bram returned this morning, but when Aunt Nenna sent him word to come to -his weaving; his answer was, he wouldn’t, that he was cutting wood. When -she sent word he must come, he decamped and has not been heard from -since. - -Ash Wednesday, March 1st. A gloomy, uncomfortable day; no church to go -to; in constant dread of a Yankee invasion. A skirmish at Harbin last -night; our little squad of cavalry under Bright was there. A negro -brought the Yankees from Pineville and piloted them to where our men -were camped taking them completely by surprise, capturing Bright and -killing two of his men. Another mortally wounded, died this morning. All -we can learn of the skirmish, the Yankees fired at the back door, some -of the balls entering Cousin Jane’s[20] room, one hitting the post of -bedstead where her baby was sleeping. She picked her up in her arms and -rushed to the door appealing to the captain. A rumor tonight Cousin Rene -a prisoner. - -Monday, 2nd March. A most exciting day. This morning a Pooshee negro -came over. The black Yankees, four in number, had been at Pooshee last -night; had threatened to shoot old Uncle[21] if he didn’t tell where the -brandy was hid; took all the meat from the smoke house. Hear they had -been to Cousin William’s[22] in morning. Just after dinner a squad of -Yankee cavalry rode up to ask for wine. The captain (Hartwell) was very -polite. They went off to Chelsea, but soon returned. Then, while the -officer was in the parlor talking, the men were busy at the back of the -house, going through the closets, the safe, the dairy and the kitchen, * -* * taking whatever they could find in the way of eatables,--have -literally left us nothing for supper. One stayed behind and carried off -Charles’s colt “Flavella.” These Yankees have pockets half the length of -their legs and there is no telling what they contrive to stuff into -them. - -Friday, March 3rd. A most exciting night of horror! While I was writing -yesterday afternoon another squad of three Yankees rode up in search of -saddles and bridles. They were very rude; said we might as well tell -where things were and save their rummaging, and then rode off. Aunt -Nenna, having found some cold waffles actually left we were quickly -seated enjoying (?) our supper thinking our trials over for the day, -when we heard many heavy steps in the entry, a rough knock at the door; -a rude voice; “how are you this evening, I say, how are you this -evening?” The open door revealed the entry full of negro Yankees, armed -to the teeth and all drunk enough to do mischief. Mother, who is in -constant dread of Rene’s being seized on account of his age, altho’ so -small, motioned him into the back room, (Aunt Nenna’s chamber), where -the children had all run to hide. The negro sergeant, a coal black giant -of six feet, immediately demanded what the boy was after and called him -back. Aunt Nenna, with much presence of mind went to the door and -brought out Charles Stevens. The sergeant was very insulting in his -language. He demanded all fire arms, which were given him; then he -wanted wine; said he had been told we had some, and would get it out of -Father. Called for a rope and ordered a squad of men to carry him and -string him up if he would not give up the liquor. Mother threw herself -on her knees pleading for Father’s life. The wretch spurned her with his -foot, and told her to behave herself like a woman and he would treat her -like one. Mother was so overcome we had to get her into Aunt Nenna’s -room. One of the men came to the door and told me: “Speak to the lady -and make yourselves satisfied he wouldn’t let Father be hurt”;--with -this small comfort I went to Mother. To add to our troubles Mother -remembered a phial of brandy up stairs saved for Father’s use. If the -wretches found it, what would become of us? Mother could not move; the -children were clinging to her; the difficulties of the way; a long black -entry full of drunken devils; then another entry above full of unknown -horrors. We waited until most of the Yankees had left the house. Liz[23] -offered to go with me; holding on to each other we treaded on our way, -scarcely daring to think, we reached the room safely. Rose -Washington,[24] who had been faithful, followed us; the guard were all -around the house. We were afraid to throw the phial out, when we got it. -Rose proposed breaking it in a bucket of water and carrying the bucket -down on her head. She did her part well, badgering the men she met and -answering their questions. I followed with Liz so grateful when we got -to Mother. I can’t tell the words and doings of the Devils, but soon -after we got back, our “friend” came to the door to say Father was all -right; none of us had sense to do the right thing, but poor little Liz -who stepped up and shook the man’s hand thanking him. The men had all -the meat and salt collected and brought into the entry and the captain -distributed it to the negroes. We have some idea of Hell now; such -obscene language and ribald oaths filling our ears for the better part -of the night. When at last, near daybreak they all left the house, they -demanded sugar and coffee to make a supper, at the black overseer’s -(Jimmy), you may imagine there was no sleep even then for us. We waited -their return. A mattress had been thrown down in the middle of the room -for the children. The men threatened to kill William[25] if he did not -tell them where the liquor was buried. Tommie and Jacob[26] were carried -to Hanover to show them where it was hid. Aunt Nenna’s people, with few -exceptions, have behaved shamefully. Several, we hear, brought the enemy -from Black Oak, hid them behind an out house until darkness and quiet -reigned. - -Night of Friday 3rd. About midday four or five Yankees (white) rode up; -got off their horses and demanded to search the house. They ransacked -everywhere; our private drawers were rooted up. They carried off, -amongst others poor Willie’s[27] gold watch he prized so much. When -leaving, they told us the negro troop would come tonight! So, another -night of unrest, weary watching and waiting! We have all moved -downstairs--one of the faithful few, generally Eugenia, Aunt Nenna’s -faithful maid, sleeps in the house. - -Saturday, March 4th. We passed a better night than we expected from -sheer weariness; but, not much real rest as we did not undress, -expecting every moment to hear the tramp of soldiers; but the night -passed, and thank God! not a Yankee, black or white! Tonight, just -before retiring one of the servants scared us by knocking violently at -the back door. The servants, I can’t say all, but many, say they are -free and went off last night; one Uncle Henry trusted most left, it is -supposed, for Charleston. As a great favor, got one of the men to carry -a note to Pooshee this morning. Cousin Ria[28] wrote us an account of -what they had gone through. When the army came they were all in the -piazza. The black troopers rode up, and hurrahed for Liberty. The -negroes were called up and made to kiss and shout; even Janetta is -tainted. The night before when the five Yankees (black) were there, the -plantation negroes rushed into the store room and took everything, even -leaving them no salt. When the army came, had to get General Potter to -send one of the soldiers to the negro houses to get some for them. -Cousin Ria sends a note from Cousin Rene, Pineville must be worse off -than we are. It seems completely given up to the negroes. They have -burnt all unoccupied houses. The freed negroes from the neighboring -plantations seem worse than the Yankees, are destroying and burning -everything around the village. At old Col. Ferguson’s,[29] Dockon, the -Yankees tore up all the ladies’ clothes and threw them out of the -window; ripped up the beds; took the feathers and provisions mixed them -up with the molasses--such wanton destruction! - -Monday, 6th March. Saturday the black troopers went to White Hall. The -negroes behaved shamefully; went into the house; took whatever they -wanted; tore down the curtains. The black “general”[30] had to go in his -buggy to the negro yard and bring some of the things back. At Ophir, I -hear the negroes met the Yankees and told them their mistress gave them -so much they did not want more, so they did not go to the house. -Yesterday they went to Cedar Spring, Harbin, &c.; dined at Cedar Spring -on some turkeys they had killed at Brunswick. - -Tuesday, March 7th. Harrison[31] has come down from Cassawda to-day. -Charlie[32] has come back, not knowing Lilla[33] had left. Poor Lilla I -hear has got no further on her journey than Gourdin’s Station, where she -is living in a box car with no provisions. We heard from Anna Cain -to-day. Her people have behaved well, but the Yankees treated them -badly, even took the covering off Mr. Cain’s bed and demanded all his -money, and took Anna’s clothes to distribute. They were rescued by her -maid Rachel who offered to part them for the officer; told him if they -were thrown out of the window there would be no end of quarreling among -the people. When the Yankees left she restored everything to its place. - -From all accounts the Yankees have taken less from us than most of the -others, indeed, some of Hartwell’s (the Yankee Captain) men said the old -lady (Mother) looked so pitiful and had so many children that they could -not take much from her. - -March 8. Wednesday. Yesterday, as we heard Pinopolis was to be burnt, -Aunt Nenna sent William to save what he could; found her house had -already been emptied by her own people. Tonight Moorfield Henry[34] -stopped on his way to Pooshee to tell us the Yankees had gone to Cedar -Grove last night and again this morning. He knows they had one barrel of -wine as they had it on the cart last night; the other he thinks they -broke open and made the people help them empty. All the men who could -get horses and mules were with the troopers. The Yankees ordered -breakfast and Daphne and the other women were busy cooking for them. The -Moorfield negroes are crazy quite; they have been to Pinopolis, helping -in the sacking of the houses. One brought off Mr. Stevens’s[35] carriage -and was to go back for the piano which he (Mr. Stevens) had left at -Chelsea lot for safety. Anna sent a letter from Sallie Palmer;[36] hear -that the men in Columbia had to fly so rapidly, no time for a single -blow; that the enemy have possession; blew up the new State House and -burnt the old one. - -The Yankees have been as high up as Cherry Grove and Poplar Hill; their -gun boats have gone up the river as far as Mexico, one threw a shell in -front of the house. They went to Mr. Warren Palmer’s[37] and offered him -three alternatives; to take the oath of allegiance; to give up his house -and be put across the river, or else they would give him sixty acres -(mind you, his own land!) which he was to work with his own negroes. A -poor man near Laurel Hill gave himself up to the enemy; was carried to -Charleston and thrown into barracks with about six hundred negroes, -with nothing but cracked corn to eat. - -Monday, March 12th. Plenty of rumors to chronicle to-night; feel so much -more light hearted. We are not entirely deserted. A body of our men, -scouts under young Dennis[38] are doing fine work, if he only escapes -Bright’s fate. He and his men peppered the black troopers at Blue Hole. -* * * The story goes that the black troopers had so “raggified” the -house that the family had to take refuge in the kitchen and barn that -night. The scouts are repressing rebellion amongst the negroes. One -negro (Old Rose’s son Harry) disappeared the other night. Rius gave his -wife (Ellen) a fearful beating because she came to wait on Aunt Nenna. -Those who are faithful suffer so much from the rebellious ones, and we -can do nothing to protect them. Poor Mrs. Hill, a refugee from islands -was living in Whiteville. The Yankees found out, or pretended to find -out that the cook had put poison in the coffee they had demanded for -breakfast, turned her out of her home, just with the clothes she had on, -distributed everything and burnt the house.[39] Mom Beck from Cedar -Spring--she has clung to Kate[40] through everything--gave us an account -of the Yankees there. Anne Porcher asked the black captain what orders -he had to search so closely. He raised his gun and threatened to shoot -her; asked about John Porcher, said it was well he had not been killed -in the war as they would have wrung George’s[41] neck. How harrowing -this to poor Kate, so recently widowed with only George to care for! All -her meat, &c. was distributed, they sent her a portion, even some of her -wine, and finished off by all dining in the house at the table, the -Captain when he finished carrying off a silver butter knife and spoon to -remember the place. Quash[42] was here yesterday, gave a very -satisfactory account of Cedar Grove. He had heard wherever the Yankees -go the fellows with them are allowed to press all the animals for -themselves. As soon as he heard the troopers were coming, he mounted the -boys on the horses and mules, made them claim them and ride some way -with the troopers, then come back home. By morning every animal was safe -in the swamp. - -March 14th. Tuesday. James’s birthday; the hardest part of being cut off -as we are is hearing nothing of those we care for beyond the river. To -our delight part of the Pooshee colony ventured over this morning; a -party of women and children headed by Cousin Henry’s[43] patriarchal -figure mounted on old Uncle’s little white pony. We were glad to see -some friendly white faces and have someone to talk to. - -Have got the true story of the Blue Hole skirmish. Charlie Snowden had -set the negroes at Cassawda to work. The troopers were at -Springplains;[44] saw them, dashed over and demanded their master. On -being told where he was, set out after him at Blue Hole. Charlie, -knowing all the byways and short cuts escaped and brought the scouts to -meet them. How the fight went we can’t understand as the stories -contradict each other, but the vandals turned Mrs. Snowden[45] out into -the kitchen, saying that was good enough for her. Stripped the house of -everything; distributed or destroyed all they could get hold of. The -next morning the scouts were very much mortified by Mrs. Snowden’s -conduct; they returned to reinstate her in her house and get back at -least some of her things. She implored them to leave her, not to come -near her; that they brought trouble and distress wherever they went. We -heard nothing of poor Charlie. - -Wednesday, 15th March. Kate Porcher stopped here on her way to Black -Oak. She is certainly brave, went all alone in her sulky with only -Samuel behind, Mr. Edward Mazyck was stopped on the road and had his -horse taken from him. * * * Near dark a woman rode up on a sorry looking -horse, asking shelter for the night. It was pouring rain; she seemed -drenched. Poor soul, I am sorry for her. Mother and Aunt Nenna are -possessed with the idea that she is a man in disguise; certainly she is -masculine looking in her stride &c. This is her story; she is a -Georgian, came to Charleston to see her brother in the hospital. The -railroads were cut, and her brother moved. She got as far as Mr. Hare’s, -near Pinopolis. After waiting three weeks to find some way of getting -home, giving up in despair bought an old horse and saddle and started on -her lonely journey to Orangeburg, where she has friends who will help -her on her road. She is an Atlanta refugee and has been living with a -brother in Southern Georgia. She says we don’t know what trouble is as -yet. She stood with many others and saw her home burnt in Atlanta. When -the war commenced, she had property, a husband and four brothers; all -gone but two brothers, and all she owns is in two trunks. - -16th March. Mother was so anxious to get letters across the river, that, -notwithstanding our suspicions she gave a kind of diary[46] letter of -all we had gone through for the aunts in Walhalla, to the woman’s care -when we started her off on her journey this morning. - -At Monck’s Corner the Yankees shot an old man, a Mr. Maree, taking him -for Mr. Denny, Col. Ferguson’s overseer. The old man opened the door -when they knocked and instantly had three balls shot through him. - -One poor woman, a Mrs. Weatherford--Mrs. White’s overseer’s wife--the -Yankees gave away everything she had to the negroes, even the hat she -had on her head. They burnt her house, leaving her literally nothing but -the clothes she had on. - -Friday, 17th March. Dr. Morton Waring here this morning, as usual -bringing piles of news; had seen Dr. White,[47] who had been ordered -down to act as surgeon to our scouts. A skirmish at Florence, our men -cutting the Yankees up; the vandals had reached Columbia, arriving in -the night, turned the people out of their homes, put torches to the -houses reducing the city to ruins. Reputable ladies were following the -army begging bread for their little ones. At Cheraw the Yankees got two -wagon loads of specie from the banks--moved there from Charleston. - -Richard Strobhart was taken up by the black troopers in Pinopolis for -Charlie Snowden and carried to Moss Grove their headquarters; -cross-questioned about our scouts &c.; insisting this was the boy who -had set the scouts on them at Blue Hole. While they were questioning -him, a carriage with out-riders drove up in great style, and with all -the form and ceremony of high life, “the General,” as he is called, -handed out a black lady, very much dressed. When she passed Strobhart, -she asked about him; said he could not be the boy they wanted as this -one had come up with her on the train a few days before. On this -evidence he was released. - -Saturday, March 18th. Anna Cain and her father dined here to-day; so -pleasant to have a young person to talk to once more. - -Mr. Lewis Simons has had their minister Mr. Olmsted and his family -living with him at Pawley. The Yankees visited the place and did no -injury at first, but picked up a letter from Mr. S. written very -bitterly. Not being able to read it, they carried it to the gun boat, -had it read; returned to the house distributing everything, not even -giving the old lady, old Mrs. Keating Simons (his mother), time to put -on her shoes and stockings; made them walk over to the next place, over -a mile across the rice field banks, in this condition. - -This afternoon, for the first time, we walked out on the dam across the -swamp to Brunswick enjoying our freedom, but met a crowd of negroes -going to Indianfield. On returning to the house, saw more, all going the -same road, all armed with bags. We hear the Yankees are there and are -going to sup with us. To add to our consternation, we heard some white -soldiers were in our negro yard. We hurried, shut up the house. Hennie -and Laura, rejoicing at their release from prison walls, were playing at -the foot of the front steps, when seeing soldiers coming, they flew in -terror into the house hiding behind the door. The men rode up calling to -the children; “We are not Yankees, but Rebs;”--some of our own scouts -under Dennis and McTureous. We were so uneasy for fear the vandals would -meet them; so anxious for their safety, we could not enjoy the pleasure -of seeing our own men again. They came to the negroes, ordering they to -go to work Monday, &c. Young Dennis[48] is very pleasant looking and -McTureous is very good looking indeed. They left us to scout around -Indianfield, to find if the Yankee story is true. I think the negroes -must have been disappointed as they passed back soon after the scouts -left us. * * * - -Sunday, 19th March. Mr. Mitchum stopped here; his regiment left the army -at Cheraw; all disbanded and returning home. - -Wednesday, March 22nd. Heard from Pennie[49] this afternoon. Cousin -Henry’s family, except Lyd[50] and Attie,[51] leave for Aiken tomorrow; -hired mules from some of the Woodlawn negroes. They heard from over the -lines, some of the Wilsons;--many houses burnt in Columbia, Dr. Wilson -and the baby, ten days old, spent the night camping in the woods. - -Cousin Ellen[52] had a daughter[53] born Sunday; poor little mortal, at -what a troublous time it has made its entry into life! - -Aunt Nenna’s people have behaved infamously after the scouts went; some -eight or ten have gone, it is thought, to town, determined not to work. -The faithful few are very uneasy about it; think the “boys” have gone to -bring the Yankees back. Harry, the driver at Hanover, (I wrote about his -disappearance), has been hung by the scouts. Dennis had reason to -suspect his hiding place in the swamp had been discovered by Harry. He -and some of his men, disguised as Yankees, went to his cabin and offered -a bribe if he could put them on the trail to the scouts’ camp. Harry -eagerly seized the bait. When they reached the swamp they found he knew. -Dennis called up his men and they hung the traitor. Hear the oath has -been offered to the Cooper river planters. Some have taken it; those who -refused, nothing has been done to them _as yet_. We are kept so -distracted; rumors of all kinds,--some for and some against -us,--penetrate the heavy cloud that surrounds us. What to believe--and -what not to believe! - -Saturday, March 25th. Yesterday Cousin Henry and family passed through -on their wearisome journey home; they stopped for good-bye. This has -been a most exciting day. Mr. Myers, (Uncle’s overseer) passed through -telling Dr. Waring, who went out to stop him, that Willie must have -slept last night at Cedar Grove, as he was ahead of him on the road. -Father went up to Cedar Grove, but could hear nothing of him. Four of -the Yankees foraging for eggs, &c. near Pinopolis were taken by our -scouts; the Yankees, in retaliation, marched up from the river to Hog -Swamp, took DeHay and the younger Dennis prisoners, spent last night -there returning through Somerset to their gun-boat this morning. - -Harbin house was burned yesterday afternoon. Read a letter from Sallie -Palmer; the Pineville negroes, twenty-five in number, fully armed, have -been marauding about the neighborhood, but the black troopers who have -been plaguing this country were captured by the white Yankees, tried and -carried to town as deserters. - -We all walked over to Pooshee this morning to see Mr. Myers and hear -something of Willie; gained no news; but returning home, just as we -entered Black Oak gate, saw Willie drive in the opposite one. He had -been knocking about Cedar Grove for two days afraid to return as he had -heard such accounts of the Yankee raids. Poor child; he had nothing but -the suit of clothes he had on, having sold everything, even his blanket, -for something to eat. He walked down from Chester with some of the men -he had been staying with, a Mr. Avinger and Ray in Wassamasaw. The -scouts, we hear, are going to make a raid on the Pineville negroes -tonight. Willie says the whole track of Sherman’s army is marked by -smoking ruins and piles of dead animals, from old ----, on the State -Road, to Columbia. Everything is burnt even to the wheat fields. - -Monday, March 27th. The skirmish with negroes took place, scouts -successful,--nothing but the bare facts. Four houses on Cooper river -burnt because owners refused to take the oath; Ed Lucas; Holmes; -Prioleau, and Dr. Moultrie. - -Wednesday, 29th March. Mr. Gaillard dined here, brought more accounts of -battle which Willie had told us he had heard confused accounts of. Press -and Porcher Smith both wounded and Henry Lesesne killed. The Marion -Artillery (James’s company) not in the fight. - -Thursday, March 30th. Mr. Stevens called this afternoon. It seems like -old times again, his bright and cheerful view of things has cheered us -wonderfully. - -Friday, March 31st. We all walked over to Pooshee this morning; it is -too sweet to feel so secure again, altho’ still a little uneasy; things -are falling back into their old routine. - -April 2, Sunday. Such a treat! Our own dear service read by our own -minister, in the old church! Such a display of mules, even those who had -saved their horses were afraid to use them. Mr. Stevens lectured on -Job’s trials, truly his motto is, “Think and Thank.” - -Moved upstairs tonight. We all have been camping out down stairs since -the night of the black Yankees. - -Wednesday, April 5th. Mother, Aunt Nenna and I with Willie for driver -rode over to Chelsea[54] this afternoon in an ox-cart. The whole family -were in the piazza to receive us, quite amused at our primitive -equipage. - -Thursday, April 6. Willie drove me home to-day in the buggy,--so -pleasant, the woods are beautiful with a wealth of jessamine, dog-wood -and crab-apple flowers, while the air is balmy with fragrance of -thousands of blossoms. The last day of Willie’s stay here has been truly -delightful. Tonight we sat late in the piazza, everything so lovely! I -forgot there was war and bloodshed all around us. - -Saturday, April 8. Thank, God, Willie has gone! Father and Mother spent -yesterday with him at Cedar Grove, sending him on in the afternoon to -The Rocks[55] for the night. - -Last night a squad of eight men rode up saying they were our scouts; -that the Yankees had almost surrounded them at Somerset.[56] You may -guess our terror altho’ Father and Aunt Nenna were firmly persuaded they -were Yankees spying out the land. It is customary for folks to entertain -the scouts, Aunt Nenna never even offered them a drink of water. The -Captain actually got off his horse and told Father to listen and we -would hear the drums beating at Somerset. I was listening for the drum -all night (moved downstairs again); hardly closing my eyes. This morning -was grateful for one thing, Willie was safe! I could think of little -else. I don’t think Father really believed the enemy were near until at -breakfast table, looking out the window we saw two pillars of smoke -rising from the direction of Somerset. It was mill day, the engine in -full blast and all our remaining stock in the way of mules, wagons &c. -were assembled around the door. Father wished to order Harry, who had -just driven in from Cedar Grove with the only horse left us, * * * to -turn back, but it was too late. From up the avenue and across the fields -came two squads of blue-coats at a mad gallop, like a very whirl wind, -and before we could think, the Yankees were on us! Riding around the -house, some to the stables, some to the mill, they scoured the place and -the house, taking all the harness except some belonging to the old -buggy. They took grist and poultry, shooting down the latter about the -yard. - -Richie White was with us; he was very much freightened. I had gathered -all the children in my room upstairs; every time I would go near the -window, he would implore me to come back. Some of these wretches had -prepared themselves for plunder, having their pants’ pockets below their -knees. They carried off all wagons, mules and carts; cleaned the store -room of all hams &c. we had hidden; knocked down all the geese they -could. Our red-faced friend, who has been on every raid, was here again -and distinguished himself in the pilfering line; took a box with Uncle -Henry’s letters. His buggy blanket was next seized, and finished off by -pocketing Willie’s flute, which “would do to blow along the road,” he -said. The officer came upstairs making noise enough to scare all the -children as he had on not only his own sword and spurs, but Uncle -Henry’s dragging behind him. Mother had all Father’s clothes in a trunk -in the entry, but he passed that by going into Mother’s room. Noticed -Father’s tin box of papers; then to the press; Mother trembled, as the -silver we were using was all hidden in her dresses, but finding no man’s -clothes,--with some most contemptuous expression about “her using the -poor old man so badly, having so much more clothes,” he left, only -stopping at my room door, not coming in. - -One of the men rushed up before leaving and carried off the blanket from -the boys’ bed. - -The Provost Marshal tried to make Father take the oath; when he refused -cursed him, and told Mother; “the men were all fools,” but he “was sorry -for the woman.” The wretches actually carried off a towel that was -hanging on the railing to dry. - -After they had gone Mother missed Laura! Such stories of Yankees -carrying off little ones, our hearts sank! We sent to the negro yard -hoping she may have strayed to Mauma’s house, but no one had seen her; -ah, the sorrow for us. So helpless; nothing to do but try and comfort -Mother! Aunt Nenna’s room once had a window on the piazza. When the -shed-room was added, it was boarded up; the high bedstead with its -curtains was put against it; the brick wall being thick, the recess of -the window made a splendid hiding place for valuables from the Yankees. -Mother was sitting weeping by the fire-place, when she heard a faint -voice; “dem Yankee gone yet?” She thought at first she was dreaming, -when the question was repeated. Soon sorrow was turned into joy. She had -wandered from her haven of refuge in my room to find Mother; failing to -do so, she had crept into a good place to hide, and worn out with terror -and weeping, had fallen asleep! - -Hear the Yankees are en route for Pineville, where they say they are -“going to give the people Hell.” - -Sunday, April 9th. Here’s what the Yankees did at Pooshee. Heard from -Cousin Hennie this morning. The Yankees took some of their silver and -all of Uncle’s clothes. - -Dr. Waring has just been here; Cousin William[57] and Cousin Rene both -prisoners, the former right sick. Edith and Mary Waring were driving -Leize Edwards home to Stewarton when they met the Yankees, who took them -prisoner, carrying them along almost to Woodlawn; then, on Edith’s -persistent pleadings, after taking their fine horse from them, they sent -them off with an old balky animal that could hardly drag them home. - -We find out Father was saved from taking the oath by the testimony of -one of the enemy, who had served as a clerk when a boy in a corner shop -near George St. Judy[58] recognized him, brought him up and made him -give testimony that he knew Father lived in the city, and was only a -refugee, as he said. - -Eugenia and Judy have been faithful through everything. - -Monday, April 10. Another anxious night of watching. A note from Anna -Cain; the Yankee army had camped in Somerset yard, burning all fences, -cutting down the beautiful shrubbery in the gardens to build their -boothes; killed every head of poultry, except a few turkeys that -escaped; took all the meat from the store room except a few pieces; -worse than all, burnt down the provision barn with all the corn and peas -&c. The most of Anna’s news is that a fresh party is coming up from -Lewisfield. Chance, who brought the note says he met some blue-coats on -the way but did not know if they were “Yankees or scouts dress up.” Dr. -Waring was telling us the night the Yankees were at Hog Swamp, they took -Mrs. DeHay out in the woods and tried to make her betray the scouts’ -hiding place in the swamp. None of their threats or bribes had any -effect. They even told her if she did not tell where Dennis and his men -were, they would burn her house down. She says her blood was up; she -told them they could do what they pleased; that Southern women would -live under the green trees rather than betray their friends. - -Wednesday, 26th April. The Yankees that visited us carried desolation to -some places in the upper Parish. Mexico yard was cleaned up of -everything like houses and trees, even the dwelling house was burned. -Mr. Mazyck Porcher after standing and seeing his home destroyed was -taken prisoner and carried to town. Cousin William and Cousin Rene were -released and returned home the Wednesday after they were taken. - -At Walnut Grove (old Mr. James Gaillard’s) everything was destroyed or -given to the negroes, even the ladies’ clothes. - -At Blue Hole everything was thrown out of the windows. Mr. Charles -Snowden who had just returned from Aiken with his family has started -again for Camden. The Yankees camped one night at Eutaw devastating the -place, leaving Mrs. Sinkler nothing for her next meal. On her so telling -the Commissary, he had some rice mixed with sand and given her. The -Yankees returned to town by the State Road, the scouts peppering them -from the bushes the whole way. The next Wednesday (the 12th) a band of -two hundred and fifty passed, going up to their gun-boat. The 16th was a -beautiful bright Easter day. Mr. Stevens preached here to the negroes. -Aunt Nenna fixed the old brick barn (the upper story) and the children -dressed it with green and apple blossoms. Kate and Anne Porcher joined -the folks here making the white congregation. I was too tired, could not -get out; have been sick since the last Yankee visit. Pettus and his -whole band of scouts passed through the yard after church, and Uncle -Peter[59] and his company supped here returning through the next -morning. Cousin Edwin[60] died last Friday of typhoid fever, he never -got over the burning of his home. (Harbin.) - -Last Sunday, (23rd April) a most exciting day. Willie and Mr. Tharin -came in just before the folks came from church, it being communion -Sunday. (I not being well, stayed at home with the children.) Just -before dinner Uncle Peter was brought in badly wounded, his hand very -much shattered and a flesh wound in his arm. His life was miraculously -saved for both loads were aimed, one for his head and the other for his -heart. He was talking to a man, in a friendly manner, on Cooper river, -when, on riding off, he saw the man raise his gun, and aim for his head. -He threw up his hand and received the whole load in it. The second shot -glanced off something he had in his pocket, tearing up his clothes, -passed through the fleshy part of his arm. The Doctor has had to -amputate his thumb. Laura was so terrified at the blood when Uncle Peter -was brought in, she spent the day under my bed. Near dark a poor -worn-out foot-sore soldier from Lee’s army begged for somewhere to rest, -and something to eat. The news we heard has proved too true; for sixty -hours surrounded by Grant’s army with nothing for man or horse to eat, -Lee has surrendered! This soldier was carried to Hilton Head, and is on -his road home to Sumter. - -On Sunday 25th April we heard the Yankees were coming. Uncle Peter was -moved to Chelsea as being more off the road, but found it was only a -band of thirty men with a white flag who went up to the river to -communicate with Potter; could not get over so returned this morning by -the Congaree road. - -We heard last Saturday that Lincoln had been shot in the theatre, and -Seward stabbed in his bed;--this news from a Herald Dr. Waring had. - -All of Uncle Peter’s scouts breakfasted here. Tuesday morning, Captain -Sineath dined, and the great Lieut. Pettus was here this afternoon, and -I in my room, and saw none of them. Uncle Peter returned home after -dinner. Father and Mother spent the morning at Cedar Grove. Between -Yankees, negroes and deserters, the house has literally been stripped of -everything portable. All books we had left thrown over the house. - -Cousin Henry[61] came down from Aiken last week for the girls, carrying -them Monday; stopped for good-bye. - -Saturday, April 29th. Saw, from my window, a foot-sore, weary looking -pilgrim coming through the fields with his knapsack on his back--Uncle -Edward! (Dr. Smith). The aunts so worried over our safety he had worked -his way down from Pendleton. He tells us Johnston’s army has -disbanded--Uncle E. brought letters, one containing an extract from one -of James’s, the first time we have heard since he crossed the river. Mr. -Mazyck Porcher has returned from the city, says the people are under an -iron yoke; they are not allowed to know anything outside. - -Mr. Russell Middleton[62] was dreadfully treated on refusing to take the -oath. - -Tuesday, 2nd May. We have been enjoying an armistice of thirty days. -Pettus[63] came over this afternoon to tell us and that he and his -scouts were ordered out and the armistice was over. Uncle Peter got so -nervous; sent for Dr. Waring preparatory to moving to Cassawda, the -Yankees having vowed vengeance against him, but the Doctor carried him -to Chelsea after dark. We are anxious about Charlie (Snowden). Not -knowing the armistice was over, Uncle Peter sent Uncle Ned in his buggy -as far as Nelson’s Ferry. They left just after breakfast and now near -11, no Charlie yet. - -We move home tomorrow, Wednesday May 3rd. Uncle Peter lent his wagon to -ride home in. Dr. Waring brought Uncle Peter this morning to gather his -belongings and move right on to Cassawda. While we were waiting, -something scared his horse; she dashed off over the yard in a wild run, -smashing the buggy before she could be stopped. - -Cousin Thomas[64] passed down to-day on his way home, but did not stop. - -May 12th 1865. Have not the heart to write; I have hoped against hope; -all is over! Our poor paroled prisoners are all coming home. Cousin -John[65] has come, and I hear James[66] is on the road. - - - - -JOURNAL LETTER KEPT BY MISS CHARLOTTE ST. J. RAVENEL OF POOSHEE -PLANTATION FOR MISS META HEYWARD - - -Pooshee, Feb., 1865. - -My dear Meta: - -As we are cut off from each other now, I will attempt to write for you, -in journal form, an account of the trying times through which we are -passing. - -After the evacuation of Savannah we were very anxious to get to Aiken, -but Pa[67] thought it best not to go until we were certain of Sherman’s -movements. We heard from time to time that Charleston could not be held, -and yet we heard on every side that Augusta was his destination. Several -events occurred which would have prevented our going up if it had been -our intention, the freshet then too Henry’s[68] illness and last of all -the cutting of the railroad, which effectually cut us off. - -We got newspaper accounts of Sherman’s movements on Orangeburg, and then -there was a report that he was marching down the State Road to -Charleston and of course we believed it. Every day report brought them -nearer. Hennie had the silver packed ready for interment. On Wed’y -evening the 10th of Feb’y. a note came from Aunt Ria[69] saying the -Yankees were not far from Walworth, that they had burnt two houses on -the river, and that all the men and boys in the upper Parish were -leaving home, and going to a place of safety. This made us very uneasy -on Harry’s account, for he was very weak. That night we got a note from -Pa who was staying at Indianfield, asking Hennie to send for them very -early the next morning, he said Uncle Rene’s[70] horses would be used -for something else as there was no time to be lost, and telling her to -have the silver ready, we thought the note very mysterious, but were -not at all alarmed by it, for on the 16th the next day, Grand Pa[71] -sent off for salt, and sent one of the servants to town for some things -we needed. - -After breakfast I was quietly reading “The Queens of England,” when we -heard a horse racing up the avenue, Cousin Henrietta[72] had sent word -to say that the Yankees were at Moorfield, and asked two of us for pity -sake go and stay with her. You can never imagine our feelings when we -heard it and thought of Aunt Ria by herself, my first impulse was to -burn my letters and to put on a suit of good clothes in case the others -should be taken. By that time the carriage came from Indianfield, and Pa -came in; he was in such a hurry that he never said “Good morning,” but -told us to come and help him pack. He then went in and told Harry that -he must go right off; fright seemed to make us all strong, for two of us -nearly ran with Harry’s trunk down one flight of stairs and up another. -Pa and Harry went off in the carriage loaded with all kinds of things -and Uncle Rene went on horse back. Though it was a relief to get them -off it was a very sad parting, for we did not know when we would meet -again, and the excitement in Harry’s weak state made him so nervous we -were very uneasy about him. - -Soon after they got off we remembered the wine up-stairs, and though we -did not know at what moment the Yankees would be here, we made the -attempt to bring it down, and then we had time to seal the bottles and -have them buried in the garden. By that time a wagon came from Moorfield -with some of Aunt Ria’s things; we were very much relieved to hear that -the enemy was not at Moorfield, but near Walworth. A carriage then came -from Indianfield, and you would have been amused to see the number of -people in it, four nurses and eight children. The house was in confusion -all day. Belle and Aunt Ria both moving over, and Grand Pa moving -provisions into the house, we all worked so hard that we were completely -worn out by night. Aunt Ria came that evening and told us how the -mistake had been made, she had written to Sarrazins exactly what she -wrote us the evening before; the family there sent word to the driver -at Brunswick that the Yankees were near Moorfield, and he must give out -the corn to the negroes; the driver sent word to Northampton that they -were at Moorfield. As everything was so quiet Emily[73] and I went to -spend the night with Cousin Henrietta we had not been frightened enough -for one day, for after supper, Mr. Jervey’s[74] entire family came down. -They had heard that the raiders had burnt Mr. Parker’s house near them; -they had intended coming down the next day, but this news brought them -at once. Emily had gone to bed with a headache, and wanted to get up and -come home, but I persuaded her they could not get there before the next -day, though I was so frightened I could scarcely stand. So much for one -day of Yankee fright! - -Febr’y. 17. We were quite relieved to hear that the enemy had taken the -State Road, and gone down to Summerville. They had visited several -places and taken what they pleased. On our way home we met Belle[75] and -Sister[76] who told us of a report that the Yankees were at The Rocks -Church and the plantation on their way to Belle Isle. I did not believe -it, but thought it better to be prepared, so buried a few things. Aunt -Ria received a note from Cousin Edward[77] saying there was no truth in -the reports we had heard, that there was not a Yankee this side of -Orangeburg. We were not left quiet for long, for that evening Capt. -Guerard, from Savannah, rode up to say that he had come to notify the -planters that all of their corn was to be impressed by our government to -feed the army on its retreat from Charleston, and that planters would be -obliged to remove their property beyond the lines. This was the first -intimation we had that the evacuation had commenced. We then held a -council of war, and decided that we must send and let the gentlemen know -what we had heard; fortunately we had found out that they were at the -Eady’s. We all felt very blue for we heard that our army was crossing -as fast as possible at St. Stephens, and then the bridge was to be -burned. - -Febr’y. 18th. By breakfast time, the hiding party arrived. At first Pa -said it was impossible to stay here; that we must leave, if we had to -walk, but upon deliberation he concluded we could not go, for the -railroad being cut, our only way was by Orangeburg, which we knew had -been in the hands of the enemy, and besides, we did not know if we had a -house to go to, for we had heard nothing definite from Aiken. We had -three of our soldiers to spend the night, and they cheered us up a great -deal, and said it was best to stay at home. - -Feb’y. 19th. I have never spent such a Sunday, and hope I never will -spend such another; we were in confusion from the time we got up until -we went to bed. Aunt Bet[78] moved over, and Mr. Gignilliat came with -her to spend a few hours. - -I had just been hoping that some of the soldiers we knew would stop -here. That night after we had all retired, Tom Heyward came up, his feet -all blistered from marching. On the 20th. Tom Heyward, Tom Porcher -Ravenel, and Samuel Ravenel all left to join their respective commands, -Tom Porcher having joined Mr. Gignilliat’s battery. We were very anxious -that Harry should go along with them, but he was by no means strong -enough. - -Nothing occurred of any consequence except our soldiers coming in -continually, until the 24th, when we heard that there was fighting down -at Biggin Church. Uncle Thomas,[79] who was at home, hurried off, and -Belle[80] moved her family to Pineville to secure a summer home. About -dinner time a party of horsemen rode up; for a time we thought them -Yankees, but soon found out they were a squad under Lieut. Miller from -Colcock’s cavalry. On the 25th just at dinner time, Dr. Waring[81] drove -up to say that Uncle Thomas would pass through in a few moments on his -way to St. Stephens and that our pickets were retreating before the -enemy. In a very short time a number of our men passed through the yard. -We felt as if our last friends had left us, and that we would never see -a Confederate soldier again, and to add to our discomfort Dr. Waring -told us that the Yankees had visited Gippy, taken all they wished, and -then given out everything else to the negroes. Cousin Catherine’s[82] -clothes were thrown out, her bed clothes, towels, &c., burnt; her person -was guarded; that was all. Of course this put us in a state of mind. -That night Pennie[83] and myself sat up until 2:00 o’clock putting away -things in a mattress. We opened the cotton and put the things between. -Though the next day was Sunday we found a hiding place in our room and -put away a great many things. That evening we heard that Mr. Harvey[84] -had been visited, but not very badly treated. Just as we had gone up -stairs a servant of Uncle Rene’s came in to say that the Yankees were -all along the road from Fairspring to Wantoot. We all slept in our -clothes that night for we were certain they would be here before -morning. On the 27th about midday the alarm was given that “the Yankees -were coming” but we had our fright for nothing, for they turned out to -be some of our scouts under Lieut. Bright. They had four prisoners taken -near Mr. Westcoat’s place with a cart full of things. Two of our men -said they wanted to kill the prisoners but the others would not let -them. They stayed that night, and the next at Harbin, or a part of the -next, for a servant betrayed and they were taken so much by surprise -that two of these men were killed, two wounded and Bright and two of his -men taken prisoners. The Yankees fired several times into the house -thinking men were there. They then gave out everything to the negroes, -which they all brought back to Cousin Jane.[85] - -The 1st of March is a day which we will never forget; everything went on -as usual until nine o’clock at night when we heard several pistol shots -in the negro yard. I ran up stairs to tell Pennie who had gone to bed -and by the time I got back we heard a noise at the back door; our hearts -sank when we heard them talking, for they were negroes without an -officer, what we had always dreaded. They asked for the master of the -house, and when Grand Pa went out, they asked in the most insolent -manner for his horses, wagons, meat and poultry. They then asked if -there were any fire arms in the house, and told there was none but a -plantation gun. They said they would not believe that such a house could -be without a gun and that they would have it or shed blood. They then -went off into the yard to get the things. They emptied the smokehouse; -took what poultry they wanted, and then went to the store room under the -house, took a few things from there and told the negroes to go in and -take the rest;--which they did, cleaning out the store room and meat -room. There were a great many things there for Aunt Bet had moved over -her provisions. The plantation negroes took about twenty bushels of -salt; twenty of rice; fifteen of grist, besides several jars of lard, -molasses; all of Hennie’s soap, a box of Pineland crockery and a good -many other things. They left us with one quart of salt in the house and -would not bring any of it back, until Pa stated the case to a _white -Yankee_, the next day and he went around and made them bring some of it -back. When the negro soldiers first went to the store room they sent for -Grand Pa. It made our blood curdle to hear our aged relative spoken to -in the manner they did. We were all in the hall and could hear -everything that went on below. After some very impudent language we -heard a gun click. I will never forget that moment as long as I live. -The wretch had his gun pointed at Grand Pa, and though we found out -afterwards that they did not dare to take life, we did not know it at -the time. After this they called up the negroes and told them they were -free, and if they worked for Grand Pa again they would shoot them. They -then went off with three horses, a wagon and a buggy. They told the -negroes that the army would be through the next day to take our clothes -and other things. Three of us sat up in the hall for the rest of the -night, and though the others retired to their rooms there was rest for -no one. It must have been too mortifying to poor Grand Pa for his -negroes to behave as they did, taking the bread out of our mouths. I -thought better of them than that. I have attempted to describe that -dreadful night, but nothing can come up to the reality. The next -morning everything looked so desolate that it made us feel sad, most of -the house servants came in crying, and said they were willing to do for -us, but were afraid. Of course we would not put them in any danger, so -sent them all off. We sat down to breakfast to a plate of hominy and -cold corn bread that had been cooked the day before for one of our -soldiers. The very night before we had sat down to an elaborate -supper;--such are the fortunes of war! We cleaned up the house and -cooked dinner, looking all the time for our _friends_ for such we -considered the officers. Just as our dinner was put on the table a party -rode up; we were so glad to see them that we all went in the piazza. The -officer came forward and bowed very politely. Pa then told him how we -had been treated the night before and asked what guarantee we would have -against such treatment in the future. - -Capt. Hurlbut who was in command of the party said that the black -soldiers had no authority to come without an officer and if found, they -would be punished. He said that Gen’l. Potter would be along soon and we -might get a protection from him, but afterwards he said that he would -write a paper which might do us good, and certainly would do no harm. I -do not remember the words; but, the sense of it was, that we had very -wisely remained at home, while many had flocked to other parts of the -Confederacy. He said that everything had already been taken from us, and -he would advise that we would not be further molested. He then spoke to -the negroes, told them they were free and could either go away or stay -at home, but if they remained on the place, they must work, for no one -could live without working. He told them they would be better off if -they stayed at home. - -Soon after Col. Hartwell and staff arrived. They all agreed in saying -that the marauders would be punished and the Colonel signed the paper. -One of his staff got quite familiar; played with Aunt Ria’s baby, little -Maria, and ended by kissing her. We laugh and tell the baby she has -caught a Yankee beau, and she always laughs and seems to enjoy the joke. -In a very short time Gen’l Potter and his staff came up in the piazza. -Then the army commenced passing through the yard, about three regiments -of infantry, one white and two colored passed through, besides artillery -and cavalry. Each one stopped (_sic_) and the men ran in every direction -after poultry. They marched the colored regiments right by the piazza; I -suppose as an insult to us. The negroes were collected in the yard and -cheered them on, Hennie[86] and Sister[87] asked the General if he could -not leave us a guard that night, but, he said there was no use; his army -did not straggle, and that he could not leave a guard at every place he -passed. The General did not make a favorable impression on us;[88] he -was very short in his manner, but his staff were very polite. One of -them told us to try the General again. - -You must not be too surprised at our staying out in the piazza with so -many men, for there were a great many of us to keep company, and then we -had never seen such a sight in our lives before. The last of the army -had not left the yard before we saw the General returning; he said he -had determined to take up his headquarters here that night. We were all -of course, delighted for we could not have been better guarded. They had -the parlor for their sitting room, and one chamber for the General. The -wagon train camped just in front of the house, and two regiments in the -field in front. There was a sentinel at the front and one at the back -door all night. The camp fires looked very pretty at night. Did we ever -imagine that Pooshee would be headquarters for a Yankee army? About two -hundred head of poultry and a great many sheep were killed; the negroes’ -own did not escape! We recognized one of the prisoners (that our scouts -had here the first of the week) driving a cart, and Lieut. Bright and -his men were prisoners that night in the wash room, one of them asked to -be allowed to speak to some of the girls who were at the back door; he -seemed to be a gentleman. - -During the course of the next day soldiers were continually passing -through. Our protection paper was of great use, for we were not molested -again and from that day to this 9th of March we have been in comparative -quiet. - -Wantoot[89] house has been burned, also seven unoccupied houses in -Pineville. Some of the residents there were shamefully treated, even -their clothes taken from them. Uncle Rene was among the fortunate ones; -he only had a ham stolen from his house but all of his poultry. They -went into the house at Woodboo, though a Mrs. Williams was living there -to protect it, opened every drawer and box in the house; dressed -themselves in Uncle Thomas’s and the boys’ new clothes, leaving their -old ones behind. - -At Northampton they were told by the negroes that a good many things -were hid in the house, so made a thorough search. They actually -threatened to hang Mr. Jervey, and had the rope brought. For some time -they had been told (that treasure?) had been buried. The people about -here would not have suffered near as much if it had not been for these -negroes; in every case they have told where things have been hidden and -they did most of the stealing. The negroes here have behaved worse than -any I have heard of yet. - -Daddy Sandy is as faithful as ever. He is sorry that the Yankees have -been here. George still comes about the house, but does not do much. -Daddy Billy, who we all thought so much of, has not come in since they -were made free. He pretends to be hurt because Hennie told him he could -go if he wanted to. Hennie’s maid Annette has taken herself off. Kate -comes in regularly to attend in the bed rooms night and morning. - -We have to do our own cooking now, and you don’t know how nicely we do -it. * * * * * We take it by turns to cook dinner in the pantry, two -going together every day. * * * I have not touched my needle for a week; -would you believe that? The field negroes are in a dreadful state; they -will not work, but either roam the country, or sit in their houses. At -first they all said they were going, but have changed their minds now. -Pa has a plan to propose to them by which they are to pay Grand Pa so -much for the hire of the land and houses; but they will not come up to -hear it. I do not see how we are to live in this country without any -rule or regulation. We are afraid now to walk outside of the gate. * * * -* * - -We have just heard a report that Charlie Porcher has been taken prisoner -in a fight near Aiken, and fear it is true. Do let me tell you a smart -trick of Cephas, Grand Pa’s carpenter! It is worthy of the Yankees. -Before (the minds of the) Moorfield negroes had been poisoned, he went -there and told the servant Robert that Aunt Ria had sent him for a cart, -five turkeys and a sheep. He then came here at night, took up his wife -Adela and traveled off to Charleston. One of Aunt Ria’s negroes who had -always been sick got one mule from Moorfield, another mule and carriage -from some other place, went to Pinopolis and took all of Mr. -Stevens’s[90] books. The next day he went for the piano. He told some of -the negroes that he had been playing on it already. The negroes are in -the most lawless and demoralized state imaginable. If this is what the -Yankees intended they have made their work complete. We have to keep -everything under lock and key, and can call nothing our own now. - -Grand Pa seems completely broken down, tho’ he tries to keep up. It must -be too hard for one of his age to have everything so changed from what -he has been accustomed to all of his life. - -The day that the Yankees left here, George brought in an envelope which -he found in the prison (the wash-house). It was directed to “Miss Carrie -Cribbs,” Tuscaloosa, Ala. On the back was a Confederate stamp, and -inside a blank sheet of paper folded. At first we did not think anything -of it; but the idea soon struck Aunt Bet that it was left here with an -object, which was that we should write and let the young lady know what -had become of him. We heard afterward that one of the prisoners’ name -was “Cribbs,” so that settled all doubts we had on the subject. We will -send the letter off the first opportunity we hear of, tho’ I can’t say -when that will be, for we are entirely cut off from the world and almost -entirely from neighborhood news. - -March 10. We received notes from White Hall and Sarrazins and also a -letter from Alice Palmer, quite a _treat_. The White Hall negroes -behaved shamefully; they rushed into the house; tore down the curtains, -carried off bedding, blankets and trunks, and are grumbling now that -they have not enough. We hear that one man asked Cousin Marianne[91] to -step out and take a dance, that they were on equality now. - -March 11. Uncle Rene dined here to-day. It was really refreshing to see -some one out of the house. He says there is a report that Sherman has -been defeated with heavy loss, and is going down to Georgetown. I fear -it is too good to be true. Uncle Rene also brought the news that -fighting was going on at Blue Hole, Uncle Charles Snowden’s place. I -suppose it can only be a skirmish. How composedly we can be talking of -fighting in our very midst! - -One item of news, which I must not forget to tell you, is that Newport -has taken the cooking, and we are all ladies again. - -March 13th. Dr Waring[92] came in to-day and told us the particulars of -the affair at Blue Hole. On Thursday four Yankee negroes, with a good -many plantation negroes, armed, went to Moorfield. There they found a -quantity of wine. A good many men joined them from there and Cedar -Grove, mounted on anything they could find, and in a drunken state they -all rode up the Parish. When they reached Blue Hole, Charlie Snowden, -who was there on a visit, went off and informed our scouts. They killed -two or three of the negroes, and took several prisoners, which I do not -think they kept long. After they left, the negro soldiers made the -negroes move everything out of the house, and the family had to go into -the kitchen. The next day our scouts came up again to assist Aunt -Harrie[93] in recovering her things; but, she begged them to go away; -that they had been the cause of her trouble, so they left in not at all -a good humor, and we have heard nothing more. I hope young Charlie -Snowden has succeeded in getting out of the way. Several of the people -about here have put up the white flag, because the Yankees told them it -would be a sign that they had already been visited. Our scouts did not -like it; they said it looked as if the country had submitted, so they -have all been taken down. I am so glad we never had one up. - -March 14th. We all went to Northampton this morning to pay a visit; -quite an era in our own monotonous lives. Pa rode on horse-back and we -closed up the ranks on foot. - -March 15th. Aunt Ria left us this morning to stay a while at Woodlawn. -She went in the buggy with the baby and Maum Mary; the two boys followed -in the cart. - -March 16th. Dr. White[94] dined here to-day; he had just crossed the -river. He had not seen a paper for some time, so, of course, could not -tell us much news. Sherman had not been defeated and was avoiding a -battle. - -March 17th. Drs. White and Waring paid visits here to-day. We are not as -much cut off as we expected at first. Dr. Waring told us he heard that -the oath of allegiance was to be offered to every man in the country. -This is the worst news we have heard of for some time. Pa and Harry will -try and get out of the way, but Grand Pa will be compelled to take it. - -March 18th. Mr. Cain and Anna Maria were here to-day; the old gentleman -seems to feel his loss very much. - -March 20th. * * * * This morning Pa went to Woodlawn to try and make -arrangements for carrying us all to Aiken. He has succeeded in hiring -three mules, and the present plan is that we are to start on Wednesday -in a wagon,--Rather a novel style of making the trip! We are all anxious -now to go, but hate so much leaving Grand Pa, and the rest of the -family, particularly in Grand Pa’s state of health. - -March 21st. We heard rumors to-day of the enemy landing on the banks of -the Santee, and coming this way in great force which made Pa decide not -to go on Wednesday. * * * * * - -March 22nd. We heard to-day from Nina[95] and Cousin James Wilson. * * * -Nina writes on the 16th of March from Winnsboro. She had met the enemy -there and had not lost much. * * * a good many houses were burned in -Winnsboro, also the Episcopal Church, and they were kept in constant -fear. Cousin James and family lost everything by fire in Columbia--They -had to spend one night in the woods with Nana’s[96] baby only ten days -old. How much some people have suffered. We have every cause to be -thankful, for we have suffered very little in comparison to others. - -We also heard to-day of several battles in which we had been victorious; -that France had recognized the Confederacy and the United States had -declared war against Mexico,--if it could only be true! We cannot help -feeling hopeful anyhow. - -Dr. Waring mentioned that a few Yankees had landed, but had gone back to -their gun boats, so the Aiken cavalcade is to go off in the morning. - -March 23rd. The Club House[97] came down with a crash this evening, or -rather the frame, for the Yankees had nearly stripped it of boards and -the negroes finished it. - -March 24th. The caravan started for Aiken to-day. The negroes are -behaving a great deal better now on most of the plantations; they have -commenced working again, and most of them that went to town have come -back, which I think will have a very good effect on the others. Our -scouts have done a great deal of good in making the negroes afraid to go -out. - -March 25th. Harbin house was burned yesterday about 2:00 o’clock by -accident we hear. We have heard no particulars, or what has become of -the family. Mr. Myers (the overseer) returned home to-day to join the -scouts. He reports that Sherman has been defeated in N. C. and four -thousand prisoners taken. He was perfectly surprised to see the state -of things here, so different from what they are on the river. We feel -very anxious about Henry,[98] for Mr. Myers left him a week ago in -Chester quite sick. He was in a cotton house as he could not get private -lodgings. We saw a Charleston Courier of 21st of March. The Yankees -claim the victories of all the battles that have been fought lately, and -say the Rebels are nearly done up! That remains to be proved. - -March 26th. This day will long be remembered by the people of Pineville. -The Regulators[99] had just returned from Mt. Pleasant with a supply of -arms and ammunition--Last night they sent to several of the gentlemen -and told them they would hang them the next day, but our scouts -surprised them this morning and 27 were killed, eleven right off, and -the others in the course of the day. One man was taken who told where -their ammunition was hidden, and then he was dispatched. Several made -their escape in the woods but the ring-leaders were killed;--15 were -killed from Capt. Gourdin’s place. Our force was 56 men; that of the -negroes was not known, though supposed to be less. We hear that Col. -Ferguson[100] is on his way with 1,500 men, and Major Jenkins with six -companies. They will soon put things straight again. - -March 30th. * * * Mr. Stevens arrived to-day. He does not appear to -think anything of the behavior of his flock; but I know he must feel -mortified and disappointed. He will remain and preach for us as long as -it is safe for him to do so. To-day has been a regular mail day. Mr. -Stevens brought letters from Nina, Mrs. Sams and Auntie,[101] * * * one -from Uncle Charlie Snowden saying he had taken possession of our farm, -and also mentioning that some of Wheeler’s men had broken into the -house, taken all of the carpets, blankets and provisions. * * * This -evening Hennie received a long note from Cousin Marianne Porcher; she -mentioned that Hardee had been repulsed, but that after that Johnston -had defeated Sherman taking 4,000 prisoners. - -Press Smith was wounded in both legs, and his brother Porcher in the -head; both were doing well; Ravenel Macbeth was wounded and a prisoner. -We have heard nothing of our other friends. Cousin Marianne says she -heard from negroes that the entire Barker family had taken the oath of -allegiance and were preparing to go to the city. We cannot blame them -for we do not know how they were situated. Dr. Motte had refused the -oath up here, but was carried to Charleston, and there he was made to -take it. Mr. Holmes refused to take it and is now a prisoner. I do not -know how true all this is, but we must take it for what it is worth. I -am very thankful that Pa has gotten away and that we do not live on -Cooper river. * * * - -March 31st. The Northampton people paid a visit here to-day. Willie -Jervey is at home for a short time. We heard a report to-day that -Charleston was blockaded by fifty French vessels and that the Yankees -were preparing to evacuate the place. It came from a man about here who -had gone down to the Gunboat to take the oath of allegiance. - -April 1st. The negroes’ freedom was brought to a close to-day. During -the morning a party of our scouts rode up and asked if Grand Pa wished -them to do anything for him. Grand Pa told them that one of his negroes -had been seen with a gun but had said that it belonged to one of Uncle -Rene’s men who had gone to town, so the scouts went off. We were very -uneasy when we saw them coming, fearing that they might be Yankees. -About dinner time another party came up, Edward Dennis, Mr. McTureous -and several others. They requested the negroes be called up, and told -them they were not free, but slaves, and would be until they died; that -the Yankees had no right to free them, and that they were to go to work -as they had always done with a driver;[102] that they would be here -every two or three days to see that they worked, and the first one -caught out without a ticket would be killed. Then they demanded guns -from two of them and said they were to be forthcoming. Poor deluded -creatures! Their friends the Yankees have done them more harm than good; -this day month their freedom was proclaimed. One report to-day is that -the white Union soldiers in Savannah united with the citizens and -massacred 4,000 blacks on account of their outrageous behavior. Another -is that the Gun Boats have left the Santee and the one on Cooper river -has gone lower down. About dark after we had shut up the house we heard -a loud rap at the front door, and much to our surprise it proved to be -your father (Mr. Heyward). He had come all the way from Aiken on -horseback to carry Aunt Bet back. - -April 2nd. We have been permitted the privilege of again meeting at -church to offer our thanks to God for his manifold mercies to us during -this terrible time. Nearly every one in the Parish succeeded in getting -there, mules supplying the places of all horses that had been taken. It -was very pleasant to meet our friends, whom we had not seen for six -weeks. - -April 4th. Aunt Bet started to-day for Aiken with a carriage, two -wagons, one cart, one donkey cart, two cows and an outrider,--quite a -cavalcade! We heard today that two of the ring leaders from Pineville -went to the Gunboat and told how they had been treated, whereupon the -officers had them put in irons and sent to Charleston, and told them, if -they had only known it, they would have sent a company to help the white -men. We received numerous letters from Aiken this morning by the return -wagons. I am sorry to say that Wheeler’s men have done us more damage -than the Yankees. I did not mind it at first when I thought they had -only taken things they needed, but I do blame them very much for their -wanton destruction of property that they ought to protect. It is a shame -and they ought to be exposed. - -April 6th. The scouts were here again to-day under Lieut. Pettus.[103] -Charlie Snowden has joined them. Hennie got them to go to Wampee and -send her maid Anette home. - -April 8th. We have had another visit to-day from the Yankees. Before -breakfast we saw smoke in the direction of Somerset, and the negroes -told us they had heard a drum and fife in the night. We thought it was -imagination until a servant from Wantoot told us that the Yankees had -burnt Somerset house and were coming on. Soon after we saw them coming -through the field, and in a very short time the house was full of black -Yankees. I remained in the hall to see what they would take there, and -to keep a watch on our room door. The first one that came into the room -asked for fire arms. I told him they had all been taken. The next one -asked for silver. I had no idea of showing him, so told him I was not -the lady of the house. He made no reply but went on looking. A number -then came in, and the silver was soon found and carried off; 40 small -pieces of table silver and soup ladle; these, and one candle stick were -the only things taken from the hall. Grand Pa lost all of his clothes -that he had out. A box was broken open, some sheets and table cloths -taken, the rest flung over the floor interspersed with broken eggs. The -safe door was broken open and the ham taken. Several other rooms were -entered and things taken; but, I am thankful to say our room was left -untouched. All of the horses were taken. Gen’l Hartwell took good care -not to come up until the darkies had left. He told his Captain to go and -see if he _could_ get the silver and one horse back, which, of course, -we knew he did not _mean_ him to do. The object of their visit was to -catch the scouts. They said we had brought all of this on ourselves for -encouraging the scouts. - -Uncle Rene and Uncle William have both been taken prisoners and we hear, -are to be carried to Charleston. They took the latter to get information -from him,--so they say, but we think they took him because he had -entertained the scouts. Uncle Rene had to put himself under the -protection of the General as there was a conspiracy detected among the -black troops to come back that night and kill him. The Yankees went to -Mexico this evening and I suppose will visit all the places up there. - -April 10th. Of course there was no service yesterday. Dr. Waring paid a -visit and told us that Mr. Stevens was still in the Parish, but keeping -close. This morning several of the negro men came to Grand Pa and asked -to be allowed to stay here and work; they would do anything he told -them. The Yankees told them to go _with them_, but they said they did -not want to go. Two of the boys from here have joined the (U. S.?) Army. - -April 11th. * * * * Cousin Mazyck Porcher[104] has been taken prisoner. -Mexico house and all the out buildings have been burned. Last accounts -of the enemy they were at Eutaw Springs. - -April 12th. Uncle Rene and Uncle Wm. returned home to-day. We were too -thankful to hear of their release. They were carried as far as Eutaw, -and then told to “Go Home.” - -_Woodlawn, April 14th._ Uncle Rene drove Sister home, and I came back -here to take her place. Uncle Rene and Uncle William had a most dreadful -experience on the ride from Pineville to Mexico with the Army. At one -time they were guarded by only one black soldier, and they could hear -others all around trying to bribe their guard to give them up to be -killed; but the guard, though a darky, was above bribing. - -_Pooshee, April 20th._ I returned here to-day quite unexpectedly. Pa -came down last night and went over for me. We are to leave on Monday. We -hear the most exaggerated accounts of things here. To-day’s reports are -that Lee’s Army, 32,000, has surrendered to Grant, and all the men -paroled not to fight again during the war. The other report is that -Sumterville and Summerton have both been burnt to the ground; of course -we do not believe either of them. - -_April 21st._ We hear to-day that there has been a fight on the river, -and two regiments of blacks under Potter completely cut up. - -_April 22nd._ Today’s news is very cheering; it is that Lincoln and -Seward have both been assassinated, and that there is to be an -Armistice. - -(Here the diary-letter ends without signature.) - - - - -REMINISCENCES OF MRS. MARY RHODES (WARING) HENAGAN - -(_Written in December, 1917, to be Read at a Meeting of The Girls of the -Sixties, Columbia, S. C._) - - -The evacuation of Charleston, crossing of our soldiers over the Santee -river, burning the bridge behind them, left the lower part of the State -in the power of the Yankees. - -My home was in this deserted region. We knew that our enemies were all -around and had visited in no kind manner many of the neighboring -plantations, but Chelsea, our plantation and winter home, seemed to be -exempted. We learned afterward that this was due to the devotion of our -slaves. - -At last the Yankees did come. Our home, a big old colonial house built -in 1714, was packed with refugees run from the coast from their homes -earlier in the war. My mother directed each of us to go to my -grandmother’s room as soon as we saw the Yankees coming, and meet them -in a body there. My grandmother had passed her eightieth mile-stone and -was old for her years. - -As day after day passed and no Yankees came we felt more at ease. On one -particular day in February, 1865, the young folks were sitting in a room -removed from the main body of the house, one reading aloud and the -others knitting, when my sister-in-law put her head in at the door and -exclaimed, “Girls, the Yankees.” There was a rush for the house and my -grandmother’s room. Just as we reached it the house was surrounded by an -excited crowd of men calling for the Confederate soldier they had seen -enter the house. There was no soldier there and they were so informed, -but they insisted there was one for they had seen him. Their officers -had some trouble in keeping them from searching the house. One officer -stood at the front door with my father, who was the physician of the -neighborhood, Dr. Morton Waring, and the other at the back door with my -mother and her sister. Just then the excitement was relieved by one of -our young negro men walking up with a military cap on. - -There was no soldier with us just then, only a boy not yet in service. - -Our young horses were gone, for the negro boys had taken them all into -the swamp a half mile away as soon as the Yankees were in sight. Some of -the soldiers were anxious to take my father’s horses that he used for -his practice, but this Captain Hulbert, one of their officers, would not -permit, telling his men they might need the services of a doctor and he -could not get to them if his horses were gone. - -Captain Hulbert told my father that his negroes had represented him as -such a kind friend to them that the general in command had directed him -not to enter his house or permit any outrages, only to free the negroes, -as they thought they were slaves until each plantation was visited and -the negroes told they were free. - -But the soldiers were not satisfied and meant to have something if -possible, so they surrounded the smoke house and told one of our negro -men to go up and throw out the meat. Of course he obeyed. As my father -and Captain Hulbert walked quickly up one of our negroes stepped up to -the captain and said, “Please don’t let your men take our meat. This -belongs to us negroes.” This was not strictly true as the meat was for -us all, but it had the desired effect. The meat was left. - -At this time when we were so anxious and worried our negroes showed -themselves true friends by concealing our valuables. Different ones -would come at night and offer to take anything we would entrust to them -and hide it for us. In this way many valuables were entrusted to them -which were taken care of and returned after all was safe, in every case -under cover of night. Our silver of course was buried by members of the -family. - -During this same period we were surprised one day by seeing a buggy -coming up with two men in it, one wrapped in a blanket, the other, his -son, driving. These were Dr. Peter Snowden and his son Charlie. When -they drew up in front of the house and asked for my mother she went to -them at once and was accosted by one of these gentlemen, both of whom -she knew well. He was one of the scouts and had been wounded and taken -refuge at the next plantation, but the Yankees hearing of his hiding -place were in pursuit of him, so he came to see if my father could help -him. My father was not at home, but my mother never hesitated. She made -a bed in a small room where my father had hidden much corn and other -provisions, and placed a large press in front of the door which it -entirely concealed. In this store room our scout was cared for until he -was able to go further. While arrangements were being made for him my -grandmother called my mother to her and said, “Anne, do you know what -you are doing, you have many helpless ones in your care and this piece -of kindness may cost you your home?” My mother replied, “It is my duty -to protect him. I will do it. God will do the rest.” When my father -reached home he commended her action. - -If the Yankees ever knew the wounded scout was with us they certainly -made no sign indicating they possessed such knowledge. - -There were skirmishes about in our neighborhood between the northern -troops passing through on their way to Columbia, Camden and other -points, and our scouts. These were men sent back to protect the helpless -ones left behind. They used a kind of guerilla warfare, but sometimes -they had a real open skirmish. One of these was on a plantation near our -home and my father was sent for to dress the wound of one soldier, I -think a Yankee, another having been killed in the same fight. The -mistress[105] of this plantation had two young nieces with her for -companionship. Her husband, of course, was away, and her children very -small. The older of these girls carried a pistol in her pocket for -protection. One day the pistol discharged its contents into her thigh. -Only a flesh wound resulted, but it alarmed the family very much. My -father was called and after making her comfortable he persuaded her aunt -to let him take her home with him. She improved rapidly and was soon -able to walk around. Then she thought best to return to her aunt. We had -not seen or heard of any Yankees in the neighborhood for several days so -my father thought we might venture the trip of two miles in our -carriage. My sister and I went with her. As we were crossing the Santee -canal about a mile from our house we saw some soldiers on the bridge. -Tom, our coachman, drove quietly on, but as soon as we crossed we were -halted and our carriage surrounded by blue coats who were rather -inquisitive. We had driven right up to a long line of marching Yankees. -A portion of Hartwell’s army on its way to the up country. Some of them -recognized our friend, having seen her at Harbin, the home of her aunt, -so accosted her with “Halloo Leize and Sallie. There are Leize and -Sallie.” They had mistaken me for her sister. My sister in a quiet -manner and voice asked to speak to their commanding officer. This caused -them to stand back while one went for the officer. After a while, which -seemed much longer than it really was, the officer (I believe a colonel) -rode up and asked her business. She told him we were on our way to a -neighboring plantation to make a friendly visit and return, and asked -his protection for the trip. He told her he was obliged to detain us -where we were for a time, but we should be protected. That as he had to -march on with his command he would leave us in charge of a guard. This -he did at once, so that in a very short time our guards were the only -soldiers in sight except one that was sent back with a dispatch to the -Major of the fifty-fifth. While he was waiting for the major and his men -to come up he sat at the root of a large pine and played beautiful music -on a very sweet flute that he had stolen from one of the plantations. I -had heard that flute so often, it belonged to Rene Jervey. As we were -circumstanced it was better to assume a friendliness of manner with our -guard who was a very polite Canadian named Alfred Brett. He said he was -only fighting for his pay, that he did not care which side whipped. - -After listening to his yarns for some hours my sister asked him why he -was detaining us and how long he meant to keep us there. He replied “I -must keep you until General Hartwell’s division passes. He has many -regiments of colored troops and if you should meet them I could not -answer for the consequences, they are coming by the same road you are -going.” My sister said “But if you will allow us, we will return -straight home by the same road we came.” He agreed to this and told Tom -to hitch up, which Tom did with the sorry horse he gave in place of our -beautiful one he stole. He did not wish the other so let us keep him. -This certainly gave us a pair of wretchedly matched horses, one large -gray and the other a small red hack that loped all the time in harness -that was so large it could scarcely be kept on. - -While guarding us Mr. Brett had an eye to self. He asked Tom very -particularly about one of my father’s sulky horses, a very fine iron -gray named “Beauregard,” where he was kept and so on, and said he wanted -him. Tom suspecting mischief consulted with our foreman as soon as we -reached home and between them they determined to save the horse, and -lost no time about it. They took my father into their confidence. - -Not long after we reached home and before the excitement caused by our -story had subsided my father came driving slowly home behind an old -frame of bones in a much bruised horse hide. They had met him at -Woodlawn plantation where he had gone professionally and taken his -horse. Zeleka would not stand haltered, so we hoped she would come home. -Sure enough that night after she had eaten her oats and all was quiet -she slipped her halter and started homeward. She had gone quite a long -way when one of our scouts caught her. He used her and took care of her -until the troubles were over, then returned her to my father. - -Early the morning after our capture the whole plantation was thrown into -wild excitement. During the night the stable door was unhinged and -Beauregard taken, the news spreading through the neighborhood. The -doctor could not visit his patients, both of his horses having been -taken. Other persons lost their horses too, so he could only go as best -he could to the urgent cases. Then the weary weeks of waiting, we could -hear nothing of my brother. All we knew was he was with General Young’s -brigade wherever that was. Some of the men from St. John’s Parish had -gotten home but none had seen or heard of him. The war was over. The -army disbanded, and we were still waiting. One memorable day about the -middle of April we were gathered in the parlor trying to be cheerful -and busying ourselves with mending when our butler stepped into the room -and said in a most joyous voice “Mars John.” O, such a rush for the -front door where my mother ahead of the rest had her soldier boy in her -arms. It was a happy household that night that gathered around the -family altar. Some time after this we were again gathered in the parlor. -This time chattering of how we were going to make our little serve for a -great deal, when we were attracted by the neighing of a horse at the -fence near by and looking up saw Beauregard. What a welcome he received. -Tom thought it safe for him to come home so released him from his hiding -place in the swamp. - - - - -No. 280. - -REPORT OF BV’T. BRIG. GEN. ALFRED S. HARTWELL, -FIFTY-FIFTH MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY, -OF OPERATIONS, -APRIL 5-15. - -(_From pp. 1042-1043, ‘War of Rebln Official Records,’ &c. Series I: -Vol. XLVII, Part 1. “Campaign of the Carolinas, etc."_) - - -Headquarters Provisional Brigade. -No. 8 Meeting St., Charleston, S. C., Ap’l. 15, 1865. - -Captain: The following is respectfully submitted as the report of the -expedition to the Santee River under my command: - -In pursuance of orders received from Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch, I caused, -on the 5th of April, the Fifty-fourth New York Veteran Volunteers and -Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers to cross from James Island and -assemble with a section of the Third New York Artillery at the Four Mile -Tavern on the State Road. Starting early on the morning of the 6th -inst., I reached Goose Creek at nightfall, and went into bivouac -eighteen miles from this city. From this point I sent back for the -surplus ammunition. On information from a contraband that there were -from thirty to forty Rebel cavalry at a place called Dean Hall I sent, -at 5:00 P.M. two companies to attempt to surprise this party. During the -night I was notified that these two companies had been misled by the -guide, and were awaiting orders near the Twenty-Five Mile House on the -State Road. April 7 at 7:00 A.M. I started to Mr. Cain’s, near Black -Oak, Santee Canal, some twenty-two miles, sending a detachment to -Biggin’s Bridge, who rejoined the column at night, together with the two -companies from the Twenty-Five Mile House. Thirty cavalry were in my -front having gone from Dean Hall around my flank. I sent two companies -to deploy and surround the house in which they were reported to be, and -surprise them. The enemy, however, got notice of our approach in season -to escape, leaving several blankets and guns, and their supper ready -cooked. Mr. Cain had several sons in the Rebel army; he had entertained -those who had just gone, and had recently given them a grand dinner; his -barn accidentally, or by some unknown incendiary, was burned. - -Marched at 7:00 A.M. on the 8th of April, and halted at noon in -Pineville for dinner. Reached Mexico at nightfall, and went into bivouac -there. Distance marched, about twenty miles. - -The people in Pineville implored our protection from the negroes, who -were arming themselves and threatening the lives of their masters. Mr. -Reno (_sic_) Ravenel requested me to take him with me to save his life. -The negroes flocked in from all sides. - -At Mexico I found that Mr. Mazyck Porcher had made his house the -headquarters of the Rebels in the vicinity. While I was on his grounds -his property was protected, but was burned to the ground immediately on -my leaving, I think, by his field hands. - -April 9, started for Eutaw Creek, thirteen miles distant. Some -skirmishing occurred; but dispersed the enemy with a few shells. - -From Eutaw Creek I sent two companies to Nelson’s Ferry, who sent me -word at night that General Potter had gone up the Santee in transports -the day before, and that they had burned forty or fifty bales of cotton -that night on the opposite shore. During the night a contraband reported -to me that General Potter had encountered the enemy at Manningsville, -and had had a skirmish there. He was advancing, however, to Sumterville. -A certain Lieutenant Pettus, commanding some Rebel cavalry in our -vicinity, came in on a flag of truce at my request. I told this officer -that he would not quarter in or near houses, or fire from houses, if he -cared to save them from destruction. I also sent by this officer a note -to General Ferguson, suggesting the propriety of his recalling his -scouts from attempting to coerce the slaves to labor. - -April 10. Sent parties to Vance’s Ferry and vicinity to gather corn and -rice together to feed the contrabands which had congregated together on -the march. Marched at 5:00 P.M., taking the cross-road to the State -Road. At about 10.00 P.M. we encountered twenty-five or thirty Rebel -cavalry; shots were exchanged and they disappeared, leaving a gun, some -blankets, and hats, &c.; bivouacked fifteen miles from starting point at -midnight. - -April 11. Marched at daylight down the State Road; found that the -bridges over Cypress Swamp were in bad condition, and was delayed by the -falling through of a limber and chest. From this delay, and my column -being encumbered by the train of refugees, I did not take the Ridgeville -Road, which was reported very heavy, but marched to the Twenty-Five Mile -House, and there bivouacked. - -April 12, marched to Goose Creek, leaving there two companies and the -train of refugees. The rest of my command I marched to the Four Mile -Tavern, where they still remain. The companies left at Goose Creek have -since rejoined them there. - -I remain, Very Respectfully, your obedient servant, - -A. S. Hartwell - -Col. Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, -Bv’t. Brig. Gen. of Vols. - -Capt. L. B. Perry, -Asst. Adjt. Gen., Northern Dist., - Department of the South. - - - - -THE FIFTY-FIFTH MASSACHUSETTS. - -_Extracts from the Diary of Col. Charles B. Fox, covering the - -visit of black troops to Somerset and - -Mexico Plantations._[106] - - -April 7. The march was continued until the head of the column arrived -within a short distance of Monck’s Corner, when it turned to the left, -on the south side of the Santee Canal, and moved toward Pinopolis, a -village of summer residences similar to Pineville, though smaller. Few -families or articles contraband of war were found there. A detachment -sent from Monck’s Corner to the canal and creek bridges on the -Biggin-Church Road, reported no sign of the enemy in that direction. -After marching until after dark, the command bivouacked, in line of -battle, near the house of Mr. Cain, the artillery in position, and the -men sleeping at the foot of their gun stacks. Squads of cavalry were -reported in front and rear, and a mounted party, in advance of the -infantry, were fired on just as the line for bivouac was formed. The -cavalry seen, however, did not number over twenty-five or thirty; and -the report of troops in line of battle in the front proved to be an -error. Mr. Cain’s house and plantation were very fine. He claimed to -have made an agreement with his former slaves, with which they were -satisfied. Whether they were or not, few of them left him at that time. -Many of the trees and fences around the yard were cut to strengthen the -position, but the house and grounds were not otherwise injured. - -April 8. The line of march was resumed in the early morning, in a -drizzling rain, through the plantations to the Black-Oak Road, to -Pineville, where a halt for dinner was made; thence to Mexico, to the -plantation of W. M. Porcher. As the troops left Cain’s Plantation, the -carriage-barn was fired, whether by accident or design is not known. The -fire did not, however, spread to other buildings. - -At Pineville, all sorts of rumors were current of the cruelties -practiced by the guerilla cavalry, who were said to have shot and hung -many of the negroes in that vicinity. The men of the Regiment were -greatly excited, and effort was necessary to preserve discipline. It was -difficult to trace most of the reports to their source, but it is to be -feared that some of them had too good foundation. One thing was certain, -that a company of negroes had a fight at Pineville, with a squad of -Rebel scouts, under Lieut. Pettus, in which the latter had been at first -defeated, and only effected their purpose after the arrival of -reinforcements. Alarmed by these stories and events, an exodus of the -freed people commenced at this point, which continued during the -remainder of the expedition, until the refugee-train was far larger than -the rest of the column. - -The Porcher homestead was the most elegant which the expedition had -seen. The house was filled with articles of convenience and luxury, -with treasures of art and family relics. It was situated in a large -park, shaded by magnificent trees. The position was good; and the line -was formed for bivouac, the right at the mansion house, the left beyond -that of the overseer, the out-buildings, over which guards were placed, -being in the rear. There was slight picket-firing during the night, -probably, however, at cattle and hogs. The march was resumed soon after -daylight. - -Mr. Porcher was known to have been an original and most decided Rebel, -and he was taken to Charleston as a prisoner; but his property would not -have been destroyed as it was, had he not in reply to the question of -the provost-marshal, “If he had any wine in his cellars” merely stated -that he had not, omitting to say that he had a large amount in the -garret. During the night a quantity of this liquor reached the mounted -men of the escort, and probably some of the refugees; and by one or the -other, while in liquor, the house and all the outbuildings, except the -dwelling of the overseer which was saved by the exertions of Chaplain -Bowles, who had spent the night there, were set fire to and destroyed as -soon as the guards were withdrawn and the troops upon the march. As soon -as the existence of the wine was ascertained by the provost-marshal, -Capt. Torrey, he destroyed what remained of it. - - -FOOTNOTES: - - [1] Northampton. A St. Julien homestead, passing by marriage into - the hands of Gen’l William Moultrie, whose name belongs to the - history of the State. On this place he made the first experiment of - cotton-planting on a large scale. The substantial brick house was - destroyed by fire in 1842, but the massive walls were uninjured, and - the loss done by fire restored. (From the “Upper Beat of St. John’s, - Berkeley,” by Prof. F. A. Porcher.) - - [2] William Jervey, Esq., of the Charleston Bar. - - [3] Cedar Grove, my grandmother’s old home, away from the great - thoroughfares, was our refuge during the war, but Father had promised - that Aunt Nenna (Mrs. Stevens) should not be left with her two babies - all alone to meet the Yankees--the place was Northampton, near Black - Oak the center of Yankee raiding. We kept putting off our move until - the news came of the army being at Orangeburg. S. R. J. - - [4] Rene R. Jervey, son of W. J. - - [5] James L. Jervey, C. S. A., son of W. J. - - [6] William Henry Sinkler, C. S. A., son of Wm. Sinkler, of Belmont. - - [7] Lieut. Oscar M. LaBorde, C. S. A., killed in the battle of - Averysboro, March 15. - - [8] Charles Stevens, son of Mrs. Henrietta Stevens. - - [9] William Palmer;--body servant of late Henry L. Stevens, C. S. A. - - [10] Mrs. Henrietta Stevens, widow of late Henry L. Stevens, C. S. A. - - [11] Mr. Thomas P. Ravenel, Sr., C. S. A - - [12] Hon. Wm. Cain, former Lt. Governor of South Carolina. - - [13] Dr. Peter G. Snowden, C. S. A. - - [14] “Neddie” Snowden, son of Dr. P. G. S. - - [15] Edwin DuBose. - - [16] Mrs. John S. White. - - [17] A negro servant. - - [18] A negro servant. - - [19] A negro servant. - - [20] Mrs. Jane Screven DuBose (Harbin). - - [21] Dr. Henry Ravenel (Pooshee). - - [22] Wm. F. Ravenel (Woodlawn). - - [23] Miss Elizabeth Jervey. - - [24] A negro servant (my grandmother’s faithful housekeeper). S. R. J - - [25] Body servant of Henry L. Stevens, C. S. A. - - [26] Negro servants; two of Uncle Henry’s most trusted negroes. S. R. - J. - - [27] Wm. St. Julien Jervey. C. S. A. - - [28] Mrs. Percival (Maria) Porcher, widow of P. R. Porcher, C. S. A. - - [29] Col. James Ferguson, father of General S. W. Ferguson, C. S. A., - “Dockon,” his plantation on Cooper River. - - [30] A non-commissioned black officer, known to the negroes as “the - General.” S. R. J. - - [31] A negro servant. - - [32] Charles Snowden, C. S. A., afterwards an Episcopal minister. - - [33] Lilla Snowden, daughter of Dr. P. G. Snowden. - - [34] A negro servant. - - [35] The Rev. (Lt. Col.) Peter F. Stevens, C. S. A., rector, Black Oak - Church, afterwards Bishop, Reformed Episcopal Church. - - [36] Miss Sallie Palmer, daughter of Dr. John Palmer. - - [37] “John’s Run” plantation. - - [38] Edward J. Dennis, C. S. A., afterwards Senator from Berkeley - county. - - [39] Hear the true cause of their spite was that when our army was - going to St. Stephens, a dying Confederate soldier from the islands - was carried to her house and died there. S. R. J. - - [40] Mrs. Kate C. Porcher. - - [41] Mrs. Kate C. Porcher’s little son. - - [42] Old Quash, a servant, head-man at Cedar Grove. - - [43] Dr. Henry Ravenel. - - [44] Tom Porcher’s place, next to Cassawda. - - [45] Mrs. Harriet (Charles J.) Snowden. - - [46] This letter reached the old ladies in Walhalla a month later from - Connecticut. S. R. J. - - [47] Dr. Christopher G. White. - - [48] “Edward J. Dennis belonged to Co. F. Sixth South Carolina - Cavalry, Col. Hugh K. Aiken. * * * When just out of his teens, while - in Virginia the latter part of 1864, took fever, and as soon as - he could travel was sent on sick furlough to his home at or near - Pinopolis, then in old Charleston District, now Berkeley County. About - the time that the City of Charleston was evacuated in 1865, Dennis had - recovered, and not knowing where his command was he gathered together - a squad of six men and operated on the Santee and Cooper rivers in old - Charleston District. He was a terror to the Yankee raiding parties who - gave the people of the section no end of trouble.” (From “Butler and - Cavalry, 1861-1865,” by U. R. Brooks, Columbia, S. C., 1909.) - - [49] Miss Henrietta E. Ravenel, daughter of H. W. R. - - [50] Miss Lydia S. Ravenel, daughter of H. W. R. - - [51] Miss Charlotte Ravenel, daughter of H. W. R. - - [52] Mrs. Wm. Ravenel of Woodlawn. - - [53] Miss Annie Ravenel (of Tryon, N. C.) - - [54] Chelsea, plantation home of Dr. Morton Waring. - - [55] The Rocks, plantation belonging to Mr. James Gaillard, Jr. - - [56] Somerset, plantation belonging to Mr. Wm. Cain. - - [57] The brothers Ravenel. - - [58] A negro servant. - - [59] Peter G. Snowden, M. D., C. S. A. - - [60] Edwin DuBose, son of Samuel DuBose of Harbin. - - [61] Henry W. Ravenel, the botanist of Aiken. - - [62] N. Russell Middleton, LL. D., President, College of Charleston. - - [63] “One day Captain Pettus, the young Texan in command of our - scouts, came and told us that a raid had started from Charleston; a - negro brigade with white officers. They told us, to our horror, that - they had taken prisoner two gentlemen on their plantations in lower - St. John’s; one our friend Mr. Mazyck Porcher, and Mr. William Ravenel - a cousin of ours; and burned down Mr. Porcher’s house. * * * The next - thing we heard was that the plantation of “old Mr. James Gaillard,” - had been raided and the house almost destroyed. This was because, when - the troops arrived, they found two of the scouts riding away from the - house where they had been given breakfast. Mr. Gaillard was an old man - and his house was a veritable haven of refuge for women and children. - One of the granddaughters who lived with him had an infant of two or - three weeks old, and there were a number of others, old and young, - homeless, bereaved and afflicted women. One of the officers ordered - them all to leave the house. He stood on the steps using frightful - language, as he was in a towering rage on account of their sheltering - “bushwhackers,” as he called them. These women were courageous - enough to refuse to leave the house, knowing very well that it would - be burned down if they did. They all gathered on the piazza while - the soldiers ripped off the doors, tore off the shutters and threw - furniture and china out of the windows; even a melodeon.” - - (From “Memories of a South Carolina Plantation During the War.” By - Elizabeth Allen Coxe, daughter of Charles Sinkler of Belvidere, pp. - 40-41. Privately printed, Phila., 1912). - - [64] Thomas P. Ravenel, Sr., C. S. A. - - [65] John Henry Porcher, Engineer Dept., C. S. A. - - [66] James L. Jervey, C. S. A., son of William, and brother of the - diarist. - - [67] Henry Wm. Ravenel, the botanist. - - [68] Henry W. Ravenel, Jr., son of H. W. R. - - [69] Mrs. Percival R. Porcher. - - [70] Rene Ravenel, M. D. - - [71] Henry Ravenel of Pooshee. - - [72] Mrs. Henry L. Stevens. - - [73] Emily G. Ravenel (Cain). - - [74] William Jervey, Esq., of Charleston. - - [75] Mrs. Rene Ravenel. - - [76] Miss Lydia Ravenel. - - [77] Edward Mazyck. - - [78] Mrs. Thomas P. Ravenel. - - [79] Thomas P. Ravenel. - - [80] Mrs. Rene Ravenel. - - [81] Dr. Morton Waring, of Chelsea. - - [82] Mrs. John S. White. - - [83] Miss H. E. Ravenel. - - [84] Arnold Harvey. - - [85] Mrs. Jane E. DuBose. - - [86] Miss Henrietta Ravenel. - - [87] Miss Lydia Ravenel. - - [88] It would appear that General Potter made an even less favorable - impression at Otranto, in St. James’, Goose Creek, the home of Philip - Johnstone Porcher. - - “As it was then near midnight we decided to go to bed, and mother said - she would go down in the morning and request that a written protection - be furnished us, as this had been suggested by the quiet-looking - officer, our protector of the afternoon before. Therefore, as early as - possible she did so, but General Potter received her very shortly, and - only replied, ‘Your husband is in the Rebel army.’ She replied, ‘it - was our desire that he should leave us, and I am glad he is not here, - for if he had been I suppose he would have been shot.’ - - “He replied, ‘you talk like a fool when you say that,’ and turned off; - when mother said, ‘If that is your opinion, I have the more need of - protection’.” - - (From “Some War-Time Letters,” by Marion Johnstone (Porcher) Ford, in - “Life in the Confederate Army,” p. 113. Neale Publishing Co., N. Y. - 1905.) - - [89] Wantoot was the original home settlement of the Ravenel family in - St. John’s, Berkeley. - - [90] Rev. (afterwards Bishop) P. F. Stevens. - - [91] Miss Marianne E. Porcher. - - [92] Dr. Morton Waring (Chelsea.) - - [93] Mrs. Charles J. Snowden. - - [94] Dr. Christopher G. White. - - [95] Mrs. Richard Y. Dwight. - - [96] Mrs. Robert Wilson. - - [97] The St. John’s Hunting Club. (The Black Oak Club.) - - [98] Henry LeNoble Ravenel. - - [99] A band of negroes who had conspired to massacre the whites. - - [100] Gen’l Sam’l W. Ferguson, C. S. A. - - [101] Mrs. Peter C. Gaillard. - - [102] A negro under-overseer. - - [103] “The Confederate scouts who formed our patrol and police were - wild and irresponsible men, although brave and honorable; their - captain, a son of Governor Pettus of Mississippi (_sic_), a youth - of nineteen. Except for them the country between us and Charleston - after its fall was at the mercy of bands of stragglers who burned and - pillaged recklessly in the lower neighborhood, but seldom came so far - as our plantations.” (p. 56). * * * * “At last the time came when - our faithful band of Confederate scouts were recalled. In fact, the - war was over, and I suppose they really had no longer any recognized - position, but were only bushwhackers; indeed, liable to be hung or - shot if caught. Therefore, it was determined to give them a farewell - party at Mrs. Palmer’s house Springfield--even if there were some risk - in it--and Deasey and I were invited to spend the night. I was quite - pleased with myself in a dress I had made out of an old pair of white - window curtains. There were about thirty scouts at the party, and - their horses were picketed close to the piazza; their guns stacked in - the corners of the large bare drawing-room, and they danced with their - pistols stuck in their top-boots which give them a very dashing look.” - (P. 63). (From Mrs. E. A. Coxe’s “Memories,” &c.) - - [104] See article by W. Mazyck Porcher in the (Charleston) _Weekly - News_, August 16, 1882. - - [105] Mrs. Edwin DuBose (Harbin.) - - [106] Pp. 69-70, “Record of the Service of the Fifty-fifth Regiment - of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Printed for the Regimental - Association, Cambridge Press of John Wilson & Son, July, 1868.” - (Printed for private circulation.) - - - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Two diaries From Middle St. John's, -Berkeley, South Carolina, by Susan Ravenel Jervey, Charlotte St Julien Ravenel -and Mary Rhodes Waring Henagan - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DIARIES *** - -***** This file should be named 51215-0.txt or 51215-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/1/2/1/51215/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Two diaries From Middle St. John's, Berkeley, South Carolina, February-May, 1865 - -Author: Susan Ravenel Jervey - Charlotte St Julien Ravenel - Mary Rhodes Waring Henagan - -Release Date: February 14, 2016 [EBook #51215] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DIARIES *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="239" height="450" alt="" title="" /> -</div> - -<h1>TWO DIARIES</h1> - -<p><a name="page_001" id="page_001"></a></p> - -<p class="cb"><small><span class="smcap">From Middle St. John’s, Berkeley,<br /> -South Carolina, February-May, 1865</span><br /><br /> -<br /> -JOURNALS KEPT BY MISS SUSAN R. JERVEY AND MISS CHARLOTTE ST. J.<br /> -RAVENEL, AT NORTHAMPTON AND POOSHEE PLANTATIONS,<br /> -AND REMINISCENCES OF MRS. (WARING) HENAGAN<br /><br /><br /> -WITH TWO CONTEMPORARY REPORTS<br /> -FROM FEDERAL OFFICIALS<br /><br /> -———<br /><br /> -PUBLISHED BY THE ST. JOHN’S HUNTING CLUB<br /> -1921</small> -</p> - -<p><a name="page_002" id="page_002"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="Extract_from_the_Minutes_of_the_121st_Annual_Meeting_of_the_St_Johns" id="Extract_from_the_Minutes_of_the_121st_Annual_Meeting_of_the_St_Johns"></a>Extract from the Minutes of the 121st Annual Meeting of the St. John’s -Hunting Club.</h2> - -<p class="r"> -Wampee Plantation, July 4, 1921.<br /> -</p> - -<p>* * * * Prof. Yates Snowden exhibited carefully prepared copies of -diaries kept by Miss Susan R. Jervey and Miss Charlotte St. J. Ravenel -at Northampton and Pooshee plantations, respectively, during the months -of February, March and April, 1865. Our women were then unprotected save -by a few old men and boys, and Middle St. John’s was frequently raided -by roving bands of negro soldiers, mainly by the 55th Mass. Regiment. -Professor Snowden suggested that a committee be appointed to consider -the propriety and devise means for publishing these authentic records of -the sufferings and fortitude of our kinswomen during those times, and to -make a report at the next annual meeting.</p> - -<p>After an animated discussion by President T. P. Ravenel, J. St. Clair -White, H. R. Dwight and others, Capt. Sam’l G. Stoney moved that the -club proceed to publish the diaries forthwith, using such funds as were -available in the treasury, and that the members of the club subscribe -individually enough to make up the deficit.</p> - -<p>The President appointed Capt. Sam’l G. Stoney, J. St. Clair White and -Prof. Yates Snowden a committee to edit the diaries, add explanatory -foot notes, and make a suitable contract with some publishing house for -300 copies of the pamphlet. * * * *</p> - -<p class="r"> -(Sgd.) HENRY R. DWIGHT,<br /> -Secretary.<br /> -</p> - -<p><a name="page_003" id="page_003"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="EXTRACTS_FROM_JOURNAL_KEPT_BY_MISS_SUSAN_R_JERVEY_AT_NORTHAMPTON" id="EXTRACTS_FROM_JOURNAL_KEPT_BY_MISS_SUSAN_R_JERVEY_AT_NORTHAMPTON"></a>EXTRACTS FROM JOURNAL, KEPT BY MISS SUSAN R. JERVEY, AT NORTHAMPTON -PLANTATION.<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></h2> - -<p>Thursday night February 16th. Such awful news came to us that just as -the table was laid and everything ready for us to enjoy our supper -Father<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> decided not to wait, but ordered the horses to be harnessed to -the carriage, and we started on our fearful journey from Cedar Grove,<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> -not even taking time to carry anything with us; our terror on the road -imagining we heard the Yankees’ guns across the swamp. We reached -Northampton about 10:00 o’clock. After a quiet night, we found many of -the terrifying rumors false. Mother spent the next day at Cedar Grove, -packing up and moving our more valuable goods here.</p> - -<p>Saturday February 18th. Nothing certain about Columbia. Father and -Rene<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> who had gone to hunt up James’s<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> company at Santee, returned -this morning not having found the Marion Artillery. The dear old city -(is) to be given up tonight at 12:00 o’clock; our army is falling back.</p> - -<p>Sunday February 19th. The most un-Sunday feeling Sunday I have ever -past. Father and Rene started for St. Stephens Depot in hopes of finding -James hearing his battalion was to<a name="page_004" id="page_004"></a> pass there some time to-day, but had -hardly had time to get off the plantation, when they returned bringing -James and Sinkler<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> with them.</p> - -<p>These boys started from Huger’s Bridge to walk home; got lost and spent -the whole of last night in the woods. They must have wandered over -thirty miles.</p> - -<p>Tuesday morning, 2 A.M. February——. Too busy with my books to write -last night. James and Henry Sinkler started after dinner for their -company. Startled a little while ago to hear some noise under my window; -my head being full of negroes and Yankees roused up Mother with the cry, -“the enemy is upon us”! Just as we stood listening, a man’s head -appeared at the door. It was an age of terror, altho’ hardly a second -before we recognized James. Henry Sinkler and himself could not find -their company, so came back seeing a light in my window. James had tried -to attract my attention when, remembering a defective shutter, he got -in.</p> - -<p>A Lieut. LaBorde<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> from Columbia, young, handsome and pleasant spoken -dined here yesterday, trying to get a horn. Charles<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> turned over his -riding horn to him. One squad of Southern deserters and five Georgians -passed through this morning looking for their command.</p> - -<p>February 21st. Our news now is all rumor; no papers; no letters. All we -know is picked up from soldiers passing through. They are all marching -for St. Stephens, where the army is concentrating to cross the bridge.</p> - -<p>William,<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> who returned this morning from carrying * * * Aunt -Nenna’s<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> carriage horses says for four miles from St. Stephens depot, -the roads are white with tents. An army of 10,000 men is a sight to see! -Cousin Thomas<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> rode over to tell us the last orders; all cotton to be -burned and all negro men to go out.<a name="page_005" id="page_005"></a></p> - -<p>James and Sinkler left after breakfast and the buggy has not yet got -back.</p> - -<p>Aunt Nenna has been busy all day moving all her provisions into the -house. * * * * The negroes seem very unwilling for the work; some of -their aside speeches very incendiary. Edward, the old coachman is -particularly sullen.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, February 22nd. Anna and her father old Mr. Cain<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> spent the -morning. The buggy got back this morning. A note from James. Such a -pitiful little note, on a slip of Confederate paper sealed with -pine-gum! They expect to cross today, as the enemy have landed at Bull’s -Bay and are advancing rapidly. This afternoon while very busy unpacking -a box in the store room to carry up stairs to hide grist in, the alarm -was given that the cavalry had come to burn the cotton. I dropped -everything * * * while I ran to help the work. Aunt Nenna, Mother and I -helped to roll one bale down the hill. Then Aunt Nenna was as busy as -anyone, cutting the bagging open before setting a fire. No one can say -she is not patriotic; she gave her three horses to the government; has -burnt her five bales of cotton, worth about $7,500, and tomorrow sends -off six or seven of her mules to the army. Most of the negro men took to -the swamp last night for fear of impressment, Edward ringleader! Such -heavy guns this morning! * * * *</p> - -<p>Thursday, February 23—Uncle Peter<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> and his troop crossed Le Nud’s -Ferry to-day. Poor Neddie<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> stopped here to-day on his way home, not -knowing that home was desolate. Mother and home having gone, his eyes -filled and his lip quivered when we told him.</p> - -<p>Friday, February 24th. An anxious day. This morning heard firing, -nearer; much nearer than the city; also that the enemy are fighting at -Monck’s Corner. Cousin Edwin,<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> who has been down to reconnoitre, says -the enemy have been fighting our cavalry under Captain Campbell near the -canal bridge between Biggin and Monck’s Corner on the Murray’s Ferry -Road. The right wing of skirmishers passed through Mrs.<a name="page_006" id="page_006"></a> White’s<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> -yard at Gippy. These men are said to have marched from Bull’s Bay to -intercept our men at St. Stephens. We have been so intent watching for -the Yankees that we mistook a party of our men, Georgians, for the -enemy. Everything was ready. Rene even had his blanket ready for the -swamp, when we found that they were our men, cut off from their command -on their way to join them at Nelson’s Ferry. We, in the joy of our -hearts, gave them a good dinner; made them dry their wet clothes by the -fire; filled their pockets with “goobers” and I hope sent them away -content and comfortable.</p> - -<p>Saturday, February 25th. Jacob<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> returned from St. Stephens; says our -pickets have been driven in; a body of artillerymen who had been sent to -meet the Yankees had returned and everything was hastening to cross the -bridge. Harry<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> came down from Cedar Grove this morning; only hope he -will get horse and buggy safe home. The negroes have most terrifying -stories this morning; the enemy have marched through Pinopolis, and were -at Wampee last night, others say they heard great whooping and yelling -as if some one was driving a hundred of cattle.</p> - -<p>Sunday, February 26th. White Hall Essex<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> was here last night; says a -negro had come from Gippy; the Yankees had shot all of Mrs. White’s -poultry; took her horses; tore up her clothes and threw them out of the -windows to the negroes; broke up her crockery; when they could not get -keys, broke up the locks. The negro says this was only the first party. -When the officers came they stopped the work of devastation, till the -rest of the army came.</p> - -<p>Monday, February 27th. Yankees at DuBois (near Bonneau’s) yesterday -noon, four or five in number; did nothing but carry off Mr. Harvey’s -saddle and bridle. Before leaving they called up the negroes and told -them they were free; consequently none would go to work this morning. -Father heard this from Mr. Harvey whom he met at Pooshee, where all the -men left in the neighborhood met to decide what to do to save<a name="page_007" id="page_007"></a> their -property from Yankee spoliation. They had quite a fright; a squad of -cavalry were seen coming up the avenue, which were taken for Yankees, -but were discovered to be our own men under Lieut. Bright of Edgefield, -detached by Gen. Samuel W. Ferguson to come down to worry the enemy and -suppress disorder among the negroes. Poor old Mr. Cain * * * started for -home on the first alarm, working his way around to stop here and let us -know Father was a prisoner! Father having come home the direct road had -told us all the news before the old man’s arrival. The enemy penetrated -as far as Black Oak last night where they took prisoner one of our poor -soldiers who had stopped at the Myers’ for supper. They returned as they -came through Wantoot. The negroes say the house there very much injured. -I hear Mrs. (Catherine) White behaved very bravely, but old Mrs. -Brunson, who lived with her, said so much, the Yankees threatened to put -her head through the window and shoot it off! Mrs. White wrote and -begged Mr. Lewis Simons, who lived near, to come to her aid. He could -not leave his family, but invited General Potter (<i>sic</i>) to dinner; told -him what his men were doing. Potter instantly sent an order for them to -desist. What I most fear is not the Yankees, but the negroes, cut off -from all help from across the river, and at their mercy, what will -become of us? Disorder has already started. Aunt Nenna’s people have all -returned to their work, except Edward; the leader, I firmly believe. -Bram returned this morning, but when Aunt Nenna sent him word to come to -his weaving; his answer was, he wouldn’t, that he was cutting wood. When -she sent word he must come, he decamped and has not been heard from -since.</p> - -<p>Ash Wednesday, March 1st. A gloomy, uncomfortable day; no church to go -to; in constant dread of a Yankee invasion. A skirmish at Harbin last -night; our little squad of cavalry under Bright was there. A negro -brought the Yankees from Pineville and piloted them to where our men -were camped taking them completely by surprise, capturing Bright and -killing two of his men. Another mortally wounded, died this morning. All -we can learn of the skirmish, the Yankees fired at the back door, some -of the balls entering Cousin Jane’s<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a><a name="page_008" id="page_008"></a> room, one hitting the post of -bedstead where her baby was sleeping. She picked her up in her arms and -rushed to the door appealing to the captain. A rumor tonight Cousin Rene -a prisoner.</p> - -<p>Monday, 2nd March. A most exciting day. This morning a Pooshee negro -came over. The black Yankees, four in number, had been at Pooshee last -night; had threatened to shoot old Uncle<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> if he didn’t tell where the -brandy was hid; took all the meat from the smoke house. Hear they had -been to Cousin William’s<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> in morning. Just after dinner a squad of -Yankee cavalry rode up to ask for wine. The captain (Hartwell) was very -polite. They went off to Chelsea, but soon returned. Then, while the -officer was in the parlor talking, the men were busy at the back of the -house, going through the closets, the safe, the dairy and the kitchen, * -* * taking whatever they could find in the way of eatables,—have -literally left us nothing for supper. One stayed behind and carried off -Charles’s colt “Flavella.” These Yankees have pockets half the length of -their legs and there is no telling what they contrive to stuff into -them.</p> - -<p>Friday, March 3rd. A most exciting night of horror! While I was writing -yesterday afternoon another squad of three Yankees rode up in search of -saddles and bridles. They were very rude; said we might as well tell -where things were and save their rummaging, and then rode off. Aunt -Nenna, having found some cold waffles actually left we were quickly -seated enjoying (?) our supper thinking our trials over for the day, -when we heard many heavy steps in the entry, a rough knock at the door; -a rude voice; “how are you this evening, I say, how are you this -evening?” The open door revealed the entry full of negro Yankees, armed -to the teeth and all drunk enough to do mischief. Mother, who is in -constant dread of Rene’s being seized on account of his age, altho’ so -small, motioned him into the back room, (Aunt Nenna’s chamber), where -the children had all run to hide. The negro sergeant, a coal black giant -of six feet, immediately demanded what the boy was after and called him -back. Aunt Nenna,<a name="page_009" id="page_009"></a> with much presence of mind went to the door and -brought out Charles Stevens. The sergeant was very insulting in his -language. He demanded all fire arms, which were given him; then he -wanted wine; said he had been told we had some, and would get it out of -Father. Called for a rope and ordered a squad of men to carry him and -string him up if he would not give up the liquor. Mother threw herself -on her knees pleading for Father’s life. The wretch spurned her with his -foot, and told her to behave herself like a woman and he would treat her -like one. Mother was so overcome we had to get her into Aunt Nenna’s -room. One of the men came to the door and told me: “Speak to the lady -and make yourselves satisfied he wouldn’t let Father be hurt”;—with -this small comfort I went to Mother. To add to our troubles Mother -remembered a phial of brandy up stairs saved for Father’s use. If the -wretches found it, what would become of us? Mother could not move; the -children were clinging to her; the difficulties of the way; a long black -entry full of drunken devils; then another entry above full of unknown -horrors. We waited until most of the Yankees had left the house. Liz<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> -offered to go with me; holding on to each other we treaded on our way, -scarcely daring to think, we reached the room safely. Rose -Washington,<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> who had been faithful, followed us; the guard were all -around the house. We were afraid to throw the phial out, when we got it. -Rose proposed breaking it in a bucket of water and carrying the bucket -down on her head. She did her part well, badgering the men she met and -answering their questions. I followed with Liz so grateful when we got -to Mother. I can’t tell the words and doings of the Devils, but soon -after we got back, our “friend” came to the door to say Father was all -right; none of us had sense to do the right thing, but poor little Liz -who stepped up and shook the man’s hand thanking him. The men had all -the meat and salt collected and brought into the entry and the captain -distributed it to the negroes. We have some idea of Hell now; such -obscene language and ribald oaths filling our ears for the better part -of the night. When at last, near daybreak they all left<a name="page_010" id="page_010"></a> the house, they -demanded sugar and coffee to make a supper, at the black overseer’s -(Jimmy), you may imagine there was no sleep even then for us. We waited -their return. A mattress had been thrown down in the middle of the room -for the children. The men threatened to kill William<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> if he did not -tell them where the liquor was buried. Tommie and Jacob<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> were carried -to Hanover to show them where it was hid. Aunt Nenna’s people, with few -exceptions, have behaved shamefully. Several, we hear, brought the enemy -from Black Oak, hid them behind an out house until darkness and quiet -reigned.</p> - -<p>Night of Friday 3rd. About midday four or five Yankees (white) rode up; -got off their horses and demanded to search the house. They ransacked -everywhere; our private drawers were rooted up. They carried off, -amongst others poor Willie’s<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> gold watch he prized so much. When -leaving, they told us the negro troop would come tonight! So, another -night of unrest, weary watching and waiting! We have all moved -downstairs—one of the faithful few, generally Eugenia, Aunt Nenna’s -faithful maid, sleeps in the house.</p> - -<p>Saturday, March 4th. We passed a better night than we expected from -sheer weariness; but, not much real rest as we did not undress, -expecting every moment to hear the tramp of soldiers; but the night -passed, and thank God! not a Yankee, black or white! Tonight, just -before retiring one of the servants scared us by knocking violently at -the back door. The servants, I can’t say all, but many, say they are -free and went off last night; one Uncle Henry trusted most left, it is -supposed, for Charleston. As a great favor, got one of the men to carry -a note to Pooshee this morning. Cousin Ria<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> wrote us an account of -what they had gone through. When the army came they were all in the -piazza. The black troopers rode up, and hurrahed for Liberty. The -negroes were called up and made to kiss and shout; even Janetta is -tainted. The night before when the five Yankees (black) were there, the -plantation negroes rushed into the store room and took everything,<a name="page_011" id="page_011"></a> even -leaving them no salt. When the army came, had to get General Potter to -send one of the soldiers to the negro houses to get some for them. -Cousin Ria sends a note from Cousin Rene, Pineville must be worse off -than we are. It seems completely given up to the negroes. They have -burnt all unoccupied houses. The freed negroes from the neighboring -plantations seem worse than the Yankees, are destroying and burning -everything around the village. At old Col. Ferguson’s,<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> Dockon, the -Yankees tore up all the ladies’ clothes and threw them out of the -window; ripped up the beds; took the feathers and provisions mixed them -up with the molasses—such wanton destruction!</p> - -<p>Monday, 6th March. Saturday the black troopers went to White Hall. The -negroes behaved shamefully; went into the house; took whatever they -wanted; tore down the curtains. The black “general”<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> had to go in his -buggy to the negro yard and bring some of the things back. At Ophir, I -hear the negroes met the Yankees and told them their mistress gave them -so much they did not want more, so they did not go to the house. -Yesterday they went to Cedar Spring, Harbin, &c.; dined at Cedar Spring -on some turkeys they had killed at Brunswick.</p> - -<p>Tuesday, March 7th. Harrison<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> has come down from Cassawda to-day. -Charlie<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a> has come back, not knowing Lilla<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> had left. Poor Lilla I -hear has got no further on her journey than Gourdin’s Station, where she -is living in a box car with no provisions. We heard from Anna Cain -to-day. Her people have behaved well, but the Yankees treated them -badly, even took the covering off Mr. Cain’s bed and demanded all his -money, and took Anna’s clothes to distribute. They were rescued by her -maid Rachel who offered to part them for the officer; told him if they -were thrown out of the window there<a name="page_012" id="page_012"></a> would be no end of quarreling among -the people. When the Yankees left she restored everything to its place.</p> - -<p>From all accounts the Yankees have taken less from us than most of the -others, indeed, some of Hartwell’s (the Yankee Captain) men said the old -lady (Mother) looked so pitiful and had so many children that they could -not take much from her.</p> - -<p>March 8. Wednesday. Yesterday, as we heard Pinopolis was to be burnt, -Aunt Nenna sent William to save what he could; found her house had -already been emptied by her own people. Tonight Moorfield Henry<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> -stopped on his way to Pooshee to tell us the Yankees had gone to Cedar -Grove last night and again this morning. He knows they had one barrel of -wine as they had it on the cart last night; the other he thinks they -broke open and made the people help them empty. All the men who could -get horses and mules were with the troopers. The Yankees ordered -breakfast and Daphne and the other women were busy cooking for them. The -Moorfield negroes are crazy quite; they have been to Pinopolis, helping -in the sacking of the houses. One brought off Mr. Stevens’s<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> carriage -and was to go back for the piano which he (Mr. Stevens) had left at -Chelsea lot for safety. Anna sent a letter from Sallie Palmer;<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> hear -that the men in Columbia had to fly so rapidly, no time for a single -blow; that the enemy have possession; blew up the new State House and -burnt the old one.</p> - -<p>The Yankees have been as high up as Cherry Grove and Poplar Hill; their -gun boats have gone up the river as far as Mexico, one threw a shell in -front of the house. They went to Mr. Warren Palmer’s<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> and offered him -three alternatives; to take the oath of allegiance; to give up his house -and be put across the river, or else they would give him sixty acres -(mind you, his own land!) which he was to work with his own negroes. A -poor man near Laurel Hill gave himself up to the enemy; was carried to -Charleston and thrown into barracks<a name="page_013" id="page_013"></a> with about six hundred negroes, -with nothing but cracked corn to eat.</p> - -<p>Monday, March 12th. Plenty of rumors to chronicle to-night; feel so much -more light hearted. We are not entirely deserted. A body of our men, -scouts under young Dennis<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> are doing fine work, if he only escapes -Bright’s fate. He and his men peppered the black troopers at Blue Hole. -* * * The story goes that the black troopers had so “raggified” the -house that the family had to take refuge in the kitchen and barn that -night. The scouts are repressing rebellion amongst the negroes. One -negro (Old Rose’s son Harry) disappeared the other night. Rius gave his -wife (Ellen) a fearful beating because she came to wait on Aunt Nenna. -Those who are faithful suffer so much from the rebellious ones, and we -can do nothing to protect them. Poor Mrs. Hill, a refugee from islands -was living in Whiteville. The Yankees found out, or pretended to find -out that the cook had put poison in the coffee they had demanded for -breakfast, turned her out of her home, just with the clothes she had on, -distributed everything and burnt the house.<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a> Mom Beck from Cedar -Spring—she has clung to Kate<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a> through everything—gave us an account -of the Yankees there. Anne Porcher asked the black captain what orders -he had to search so closely. He raised his gun and threatened to shoot -her; asked about John Porcher, said it was well he had not been killed -in the war as they would have wrung George’s<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> neck. How harrowing -this to poor Kate, so recently widowed with only George to care for! All -her meat, &c. was distributed, they sent her a portion, even some of her -wine, and finished off by all dining in the house at the table, the -Captain when he finished carrying off a silver butter knife and spoon to -remember the place. Quash<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> was here yesterday, gave a very -satisfactory account of Cedar Grove.<a name="page_014" id="page_014"></a> He had heard wherever the Yankees -go the fellows with them are allowed to press all the animals for -themselves. As soon as he heard the troopers were coming, he mounted the -boys on the horses and mules, made them claim them and ride some way -with the troopers, then come back home. By morning every animal was safe -in the swamp.</p> - -<p>March 14th. Tuesday. James’s birthday; the hardest part of being cut off -as we are is hearing nothing of those we care for beyond the river. To -our delight part of the Pooshee colony ventured over this morning; a -party of women and children headed by Cousin Henry’s<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> patriarchal -figure mounted on old Uncle’s little white pony. We were glad to see -some friendly white faces and have someone to talk to.</p> - -<p>Have got the true story of the Blue Hole skirmish. Charlie Snowden had -set the negroes at Cassawda to work. The troopers were at -Springplains;<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> saw them, dashed over and demanded their master. On -being told where he was, set out after him at Blue Hole. Charlie, -knowing all the byways and short cuts escaped and brought the scouts to -meet them. How the fight went we can’t understand as the stories -contradict each other, but the vandals turned Mrs. Snowden<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a> out into -the kitchen, saying that was good enough for her. Stripped the house of -everything; distributed or destroyed all they could get hold of. The -next morning the scouts were very much mortified by Mrs. Snowden’s -conduct; they returned to reinstate her in her house and get back at -least some of her things. She implored them to leave her, not to come -near her; that they brought trouble and distress wherever they went. We -heard nothing of poor Charlie.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, 15th March. Kate Porcher stopped here on her way to Black -Oak. She is certainly brave, went all alone in her sulky with only -Samuel behind, Mr. Edward Mazyck was stopped on the road and had his -horse taken from him. * * * Near dark a woman rode up on a sorry looking -horse, asking shelter for the night. It was pouring rain; she seemed -drenched. Poor soul, I am sorry for her. Mother and Aunt<a name="page_015" id="page_015"></a> Nenna are -possessed with the idea that she is a man in disguise; certainly she is -masculine looking in her stride &c. This is her story; she is a -Georgian, came to Charleston to see her brother in the hospital. The -railroads were cut, and her brother moved. She got as far as Mr. Hare’s, -near Pinopolis. After waiting three weeks to find some way of getting -home, giving up in despair bought an old horse and saddle and started on -her lonely journey to Orangeburg, where she has friends who will help -her on her road. She is an Atlanta refugee and has been living with a -brother in Southern Georgia. She says we don’t know what trouble is as -yet. She stood with many others and saw her home burnt in Atlanta. When -the war commenced, she had property, a husband and four brothers; all -gone but two brothers, and all she owns is in two trunks.</p> - -<p>16th March. Mother was so anxious to get letters across the river, that, -notwithstanding our suspicions she gave a kind of diary<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> letter of -all we had gone through for the aunts in Walhalla, to the woman’s care -when we started her off on her journey this morning.</p> - -<p>At Monck’s Corner the Yankees shot an old man, a Mr. Maree, taking him -for Mr. Denny, Col. Ferguson’s overseer. The old man opened the door -when they knocked and instantly had three balls shot through him.</p> - -<p>One poor woman, a Mrs. Weatherford—Mrs. White’s overseer’s wife—the -Yankees gave away everything she had to the negroes, even the hat she -had on her head. They burnt her house, leaving her literally nothing but -the clothes she had on.</p> - -<p>Friday, 17th March. Dr. Morton Waring here this morning, as usual -bringing piles of news; had seen Dr. White,<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> who had been ordered -down to act as surgeon to our scouts. A skirmish at Florence, our men -cutting the Yankees up; the vandals had reached Columbia, arriving in -the night, turned the people out of their homes, put torches to the -houses reducing the city to ruins. Reputable ladies were following the -army begging bread for their little ones. At Cheraw the Yankees<a name="page_016" id="page_016"></a> got two -wagon loads of specie from the banks—moved there from Charleston.</p> - -<p>Richard Strobhart was taken up by the black troopers in Pinopolis for -Charlie Snowden and carried to Moss Grove their headquarters; -cross-questioned about our scouts &c.; insisting this was the boy who -had set the scouts on them at Blue Hole. While they were questioning -him, a carriage with out-riders drove up in great style, and with all -the form and ceremony of high life, “the General,” as he is called, -handed out a black lady, very much dressed. When she passed Strobhart, -she asked about him; said he could not be the boy they wanted as this -one had come up with her on the train a few days before. On this -evidence he was released.</p> - -<p>Saturday, March 18th. Anna Cain and her father dined here to-day; so -pleasant to have a young person to talk to once more.</p> - -<p>Mr. Lewis Simons has had their minister Mr. Olmsted and his family -living with him at Pawley. The Yankees visited the place and did no -injury at first, but picked up a letter from Mr. S. written very -bitterly. Not being able to read it, they carried it to the gun boat, -had it read; returned to the house distributing everything, not even -giving the old lady, old Mrs. Keating Simons (his mother), time to put -on her shoes and stockings; made them walk over to the next place, over -a mile across the rice field banks, in this condition.</p> - -<p>This afternoon, for the first time, we walked out on the dam across the -swamp to Brunswick enjoying our freedom, but met a crowd of negroes -going to Indianfield. On returning to the house, saw more, all going the -same road, all armed with bags. We hear the Yankees are there and are -going to sup with us. To add to our consternation, we heard some white -soldiers were in our negro yard. We hurried, shut up the house. Hennie -and Laura, rejoicing at their release from prison walls, were playing at -the foot of the front steps, when seeing soldiers coming, they flew in -terror into the house hiding behind the door. The men rode up calling to -the children; “We are not Yankees, but Rebs;”—some of our own scouts -under Dennis and McTureous. We were so uneasy for fear the vandals would -meet them; so anxious for their safety, we could<a name="page_017" id="page_017"></a> not enjoy the pleasure -of seeing our own men again. They came to the negroes, ordering they to -go to work Monday, &c. Young Dennis<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> is very pleasant looking and -McTureous is very good looking indeed. They left us to scout around -Indianfield, to find if the Yankee story is true. I think the negroes -must have been disappointed as they passed back soon after the scouts -left us. * * *</p> - -<p>Sunday, 19th March. Mr. Mitchum stopped here; his regiment left the army -at Cheraw; all disbanded and returning home.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, March 22nd. Heard from Pennie<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> this afternoon. Cousin -Henry’s family, except Lyd<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a> and Attie,<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> leave for Aiken tomorrow; -hired mules from some of the Woodlawn negroes. They heard from over the -lines, some of the Wilsons;—many houses burnt in Columbia, Dr. Wilson -and the baby, ten days old, spent the night camping in the woods.</p> - -<p>Cousin Ellen<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> had a daughter<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> born Sunday; poor little mortal, at -what a troublous time it has made its entry into life!</p> - -<p>Aunt Nenna’s people have behaved infamously after the scouts went; some -eight or ten have gone, it is thought, to town, determined not to work. -The faithful few are very uneasy about it; think the “boys” have gone to -bring the Yankees back. Harry, the driver at Hanover, (I wrote about his -disappearance), has been hung by the scouts. Dennis had reason to -suspect his hiding place in the swamp had been discovered<a name="page_018" id="page_018"></a> by Harry. He -and some of his men, disguised as Yankees, went to his cabin and offered -a bribe if he could put them on the trail to the scouts’ camp. Harry -eagerly seized the bait. When they reached the swamp they found he knew. -Dennis called up his men and they hung the traitor. Hear the oath has -been offered to the Cooper river planters. Some have taken it; those who -refused, nothing has been done to them <i>as yet</i>. We are kept so -distracted; rumors of all kinds,—some for and some against -us,—penetrate the heavy cloud that surrounds us. What to believe—and -what not to believe!</p> - -<p>Saturday, March 25th. Yesterday Cousin Henry and family passed through -on their wearisome journey home; they stopped for good-bye. This has -been a most exciting day. Mr. Myers, (Uncle’s overseer) passed through -telling Dr. Waring, who went out to stop him, that Willie must have -slept last night at Cedar Grove, as he was ahead of him on the road. -Father went up to Cedar Grove, but could hear nothing of him. Four of -the Yankees foraging for eggs, &c. near Pinopolis were taken by our -scouts; the Yankees, in retaliation, marched up from the river to Hog -Swamp, took DeHay and the younger Dennis prisoners, spent last night -there returning through Somerset to their gun-boat this morning.</p> - -<p>Harbin house was burned yesterday afternoon. Read a letter from Sallie -Palmer; the Pineville negroes, twenty-five in number, fully armed, have -been marauding about the neighborhood, but the black troopers who have -been plaguing this country were captured by the white Yankees, tried and -carried to town as deserters.</p> - -<p>We all walked over to Pooshee this morning to see Mr. Myers and hear -something of Willie; gained no news; but returning home, just as we -entered Black Oak gate, saw Willie drive in the opposite one. He had -been knocking about Cedar Grove for two days afraid to return as he had -heard such accounts of the Yankee raids. Poor child; he had nothing but -the suit of clothes he had on, having sold everything, even his blanket, -for something to eat. He walked down from Chester with some of the men -he had been staying with, a Mr. Avinger and Ray in Wassamasaw. The -scouts, we hear, are going to make a raid on the Pineville negroes -tonight. Willie<a name="page_019" id="page_019"></a> says the whole track of Sherman’s army is marked by -smoking ruins and piles of dead animals, from old s——, on the State -Road, to Columbia. Everything is burnt even to the wheat fields.</p> - -<p>Monday, March 27th. The skirmish with negroes took place, scouts -successful,—nothing but the bare facts. Four houses on Cooper river -burnt because owners refused to take the oath; Ed Lucas; Holmes; -Prioleau, and Dr. Moultrie.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, 29th March. Mr. Gaillard dined here, brought more accounts of -battle which Willie had told us he had heard confused accounts of. Press -and Porcher Smith both wounded and Henry Lesesne killed. The Marion -Artillery (James’s company) not in the fight.</p> - -<p>Thursday, March 30th. Mr. Stevens called this afternoon. It seems like -old times again, his bright and cheerful view of things has cheered us -wonderfully.</p> - -<p>Friday, March 31st. We all walked over to Pooshee this morning; it is -too sweet to feel so secure again, altho’ still a little uneasy; things -are falling back into their old routine.</p> - -<p>April 2, Sunday. Such a treat! Our own dear service read by our own -minister, in the old church! Such a display of mules, even those who had -saved their horses were afraid to use them. Mr. Stevens lectured on -Job’s trials, truly his motto is, “Think and Thank.”</p> - -<p>Moved upstairs tonight. We all have been camping out down stairs since -the night of the black Yankees.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, April 5th. Mother, Aunt Nenna and I with Willie for driver -rode over to Chelsea<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> this afternoon in an ox-cart. The whole family -were in the piazza to receive us, quite amused at our primitive -equipage.</p> - -<p>Thursday, April 6. Willie drove me home to-day in the buggy,—so -pleasant, the woods are beautiful with a wealth of jessamine, dog-wood -and crab-apple flowers, while the air is balmy with fragrance of -thousands of blossoms. The last day of Willie’s stay here has been truly -delightful. Tonight we sat late in the piazza, everything so lovely! I -forgot there was war and bloodshed all around us.</p> - -<p>Saturday, April 8. Thank, God, Willie has gone! Father<a name="page_020" id="page_020"></a> and Mother spent -yesterday with him at Cedar Grove, sending him on in the afternoon to -The Rocks<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> for the night.</p> - -<p>Last night a squad of eight men rode up saying they were our scouts; -that the Yankees had almost surrounded them at Somerset.<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> You may -guess our terror altho’ Father and Aunt Nenna were firmly persuaded they -were Yankees spying out the land. It is customary for folks to entertain -the scouts, Aunt Nenna never even offered them a drink of water. The -Captain actually got off his horse and told Father to listen and we -would hear the drums beating at Somerset. I was listening for the drum -all night (moved downstairs again); hardly closing my eyes. This morning -was grateful for one thing, Willie was safe! I could think of little -else. I don’t think Father really believed the enemy were near until at -breakfast table, looking out the window we saw two pillars of smoke -rising from the direction of Somerset. It was mill day, the engine in -full blast and all our remaining stock in the way of mules, wagons &c. -were assembled around the door. Father wished to order Harry, who had -just driven in from Cedar Grove with the only horse left us, * * * to -turn back, but it was too late. From up the avenue and across the fields -came two squads of blue-coats at a mad gallop, like a very whirl wind, -and before we could think, the Yankees were on us! Riding around the -house, some to the stables, some to the mill, they scoured the place and -the house, taking all the harness except some belonging to the old -buggy. They took grist and poultry, shooting down the latter about the -yard.</p> - -<p>Richie White was with us; he was very much freightened. I had gathered -all the children in my room upstairs; every time I would go near the -window, he would implore me to come back. Some of these wretches had -prepared themselves for plunder, having their pants’ pockets below their -knees. They carried off all wagons, mules and carts; cleaned the store -room of all hams &c. we had hidden; knocked down all the geese they -could. Our red-faced friend, who has been on every raid, was here again -and distinguished himself in the pilfering line; took a box with Uncle -Henry’s letters. His buggy blanket<a name="page_021" id="page_021"></a> was next seized, and finished off by -pocketing Willie’s flute, which “would do to blow along the road,” he -said. The officer came upstairs making noise enough to scare all the -children as he had on not only his own sword and spurs, but Uncle -Henry’s dragging behind him. Mother had all Father’s clothes in a trunk -in the entry, but he passed that by going into Mother’s room. Noticed -Father’s tin box of papers; then to the press; Mother trembled, as the -silver we were using was all hidden in her dresses, but finding no man’s -clothes,—with some most contemptuous expression about “her using the -poor old man so badly, having so much more clothes,” he left, only -stopping at my room door, not coming in.</p> - -<p>One of the men rushed up before leaving and carried off the blanket from -the boys’ bed.</p> - -<p>The Provost Marshal tried to make Father take the oath; when he refused -cursed him, and told Mother; “the men were all fools,” but he “was sorry -for the woman.” The wretches actually carried off a towel that was -hanging on the railing to dry.</p> - -<p>After they had gone Mother missed Laura! Such stories of Yankees -carrying off little ones, our hearts sank! We sent to the negro yard -hoping she may have strayed to Mauma’s house, but no one had seen her; -ah, the sorrow for us. So helpless; nothing to do but try and comfort -Mother! Aunt Nenna’s room once had a window on the piazza. When the -shed-room was added, it was boarded up; the high bedstead with its -curtains was put against it; the brick wall being thick, the recess of -the window made a splendid hiding place for valuables from the Yankees. -Mother was sitting weeping by the fire-place, when she heard a faint -voice; “dem Yankee gone yet?” She thought at first she was dreaming, -when the question was repeated. Soon sorrow was turned into joy. She had -wandered from her haven of refuge in my room to find Mother; failing to -do so, she had crept into a good place to hide, and worn out with terror -and weeping, had fallen asleep!</p> - -<p>Hear the Yankees are en route for Pineville, where they say they are -“going to give the people Hell.”</p> - -<p>Sunday, April 9th. Here’s what the Yankees did at Pooshee. Heard from -Cousin Hennie this morning. The Yankees took some of their silver and -all of Uncle’s clothes.<a name="page_022" id="page_022"></a></p> - -<p>Dr. Waring has just been here; Cousin William<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> and Cousin Rene both -prisoners, the former right sick. Edith and Mary Waring were driving -Leize Edwards home to Stewarton when they met the Yankees, who took them -prisoner, carrying them along almost to Woodlawn; then, on Edith’s -persistent pleadings, after taking their fine horse from them, they sent -them off with an old balky animal that could hardly drag them home.</p> - -<p>We find out Father was saved from taking the oath by the testimony of -one of the enemy, who had served as a clerk when a boy in a corner shop -near George St. Judy<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> recognized him, brought him up and made him -give testimony that he knew Father lived in the city, and was only a -refugee, as he said.</p> - -<p>Eugenia and Judy have been faithful through everything.</p> - -<p>Monday, April 10. Another anxious night of watching. A note from Anna -Cain; the Yankee army had camped in Somerset yard, burning all fences, -cutting down the beautiful shrubbery in the gardens to build their -boothes; killed every head of poultry, except a few turkeys that -escaped; took all the meat from the store room except a few pieces; -worse than all, burnt down the provision barn with all the corn and peas -&c. The most of Anna’s news is that a fresh party is coming up from -Lewisfield. Chance, who brought the note says he met some blue-coats on -the way but did not know if they were “Yankees or scouts dress up.” Dr. -Waring was telling us the night the Yankees were at Hog Swamp, they took -Mrs. DeHay out in the woods and tried to make her betray the scouts’ -hiding place in the swamp. None of their threats or bribes had any -effect. They even told her if she did not tell where Dennis and his men -were, they would burn her house down. She says her blood was up; she -told them they could do what they pleased; that Southern women would -live under the green trees rather than betray their friends.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, 26th April. The Yankees that visited us carried desolation to -some places in the upper Parish. Mexico yard was cleaned up of -everything like houses and trees, even the dwelling house was burned. -Mr. Mazyck Porcher after standing and seeing his home destroyed was -taken prisoner and<a name="page_023" id="page_023"></a> carried to town. Cousin William and Cousin Rene were -released and returned home the Wednesday after they were taken.</p> - -<p>At Walnut Grove (old Mr. James Gaillard’s) everything was destroyed or -given to the negroes, even the ladies’ clothes.</p> - -<p>At Blue Hole everything was thrown out of the windows. Mr. Charles -Snowden who had just returned from Aiken with his family has started -again for Camden. The Yankees camped one night at Eutaw devastating the -place, leaving Mrs. Sinkler nothing for her next meal. On her so telling -the Commissary, he had some rice mixed with sand and given her. The -Yankees returned to town by the State Road, the scouts peppering them -from the bushes the whole way. The next Wednesday (the 12th) a band of -two hundred and fifty passed, going up to their gun-boat. The 16th was a -beautiful bright Easter day. Mr. Stevens preached here to the negroes. -Aunt Nenna fixed the old brick barn (the upper story) and the children -dressed it with green and apple blossoms. Kate and Anne Porcher joined -the folks here making the white congregation. I was too tired, could not -get out; have been sick since the last Yankee visit. Pettus and his -whole band of scouts passed through the yard after church, and Uncle -Peter<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> and his company supped here returning through the next -morning. Cousin Edwin<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> died last Friday of typhoid fever, he never -got over the burning of his home. (Harbin.)</p> - -<p>Last Sunday, (23rd April) a most exciting day. Willie and Mr. Tharin -came in just before the folks came from church, it being communion -Sunday. (I not being well, stayed at home with the children.) Just -before dinner Uncle Peter was brought in badly wounded, his hand very -much shattered and a flesh wound in his arm. His life was miraculously -saved for both loads were aimed, one for his head and the other for his -heart. He was talking to a man, in a friendly manner, on Cooper river, -when, on riding off, he saw the man raise his gun, and aim for his head. -He threw up his hand and received the whole load in it. The second shot -glanced off something he had in his pocket, tearing up his clothes, -passed through the<a name="page_024" id="page_024"></a> fleshy part of his arm. The Doctor has had to -amputate his thumb. Laura was so terrified at the blood when Uncle Peter -was brought in, she spent the day under my bed. Near dark a poor -worn-out foot-sore soldier from Lee’s army begged for somewhere to rest, -and something to eat. The news we heard has proved too true; for sixty -hours surrounded by Grant’s army with nothing for man or horse to eat, -Lee has surrendered! This soldier was carried to Hilton Head, and is on -his road home to Sumter.</p> - -<p>On Sunday 25th April we heard the Yankees were coming. Uncle Peter was -moved to Chelsea as being more off the road, but found it was only a -band of thirty men with a white flag who went up to the river to -communicate with Potter; could not get over so returned this morning by -the Congaree road.</p> - -<p>We heard last Saturday that Lincoln had been shot in the theatre, and -Seward stabbed in his bed;—this news from a Herald Dr. Waring had.</p> - -<p>All of Uncle Peter’s scouts breakfasted here. Tuesday morning, Captain -Sineath dined, and the great Lieut. Pettus was here this afternoon, and -I in my room, and saw none of them. Uncle Peter returned home after -dinner. Father and Mother spent the morning at Cedar Grove. Between -Yankees, negroes and deserters, the house has literally been stripped of -everything portable. All books we had left thrown over the house.</p> - -<p>Cousin Henry<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> came down from Aiken last week for the girls, carrying -them Monday; stopped for good-bye.</p> - -<p>Saturday, April 29th. Saw, from my window, a foot-sore, weary looking -pilgrim coming through the fields with his knapsack on his back—Uncle -Edward! (Dr. Smith). The aunts so worried over our safety he had worked -his way down from Pendleton. He tells us Johnston’s army has -disbanded—Uncle E. brought letters, one containing an extract from one -of James’s, the first time we have heard since he crossed the river. Mr. -Mazyck Porcher has returned from the city, says the people are under an -iron yoke; they are not allowed to know anything outside.<a name="page_025" id="page_025"></a></p> - -<p>Mr. Russell Middleton<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> was dreadfully treated on refusing to take the -oath.</p> - -<p>Tuesday, 2nd May. We have been enjoying an armistice of thirty days. -Pettus<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> came over this afternoon to tell us and that he and his -scouts were ordered out and the armistice was over. Uncle Peter got so -nervous; sent for Dr. Waring preparatory to moving to Cassawda, the -Yankees having vowed vengeance against him, but the Doctor carried him -to Chelsea after dark. We are anxious about Charlie (Snowden). Not -knowing the armistice was over, Uncle Peter sent Uncle Ned in his buggy -as far as Nelson’s Ferry. They left just after breakfast and now near -11, no Charlie yet.</p> - -<p>We move home tomorrow, Wednesday May 3rd. Uncle Peter lent his wagon to -ride home in. Dr. Waring brought Uncle Peter this morning to gather his -belongings and move right on to Cassawda. While we were waiting, -something scared his horse; she dashed off over the yard in a wild run, -smashing the buggy before she could be stopped.<a name="page_026" id="page_026"></a></p> - -<p>Cousin Thomas<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a> passed down to-day on his way home, but did not stop.</p> - -<p>May 12th 1865. Have not the heart to write; I have hoped against hope; -all is over! Our poor paroled prisoners are all coming home. Cousin -John<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a> has come, and I hear James<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> is on the road.<a name="page_027" id="page_027"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="JOURNAL_LETTER_KEPT_BY_MISS_CHARLOTTE_ST_J_RAVENEL_OF_POOSHEE" id="JOURNAL_LETTER_KEPT_BY_MISS_CHARLOTTE_ST_J_RAVENEL_OF_POOSHEE"></a>JOURNAL LETTER KEPT BY MISS CHARLOTTE ST. J.<br /> RAVENEL OF POOSHEE -PLANTATION<br /> FOR MISS META HEYWARD<br />———</h2> - -<p class="r"> -Pooshee, Feb., 1865.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="nind"> -My dear Meta:<br /> -</p> - -<p>As we are cut off from each other now, I will attempt to write for you, -in journal form, an account of the trying times through which we are -passing.</p> - -<p>After the evacuation of Savannah we were very anxious to get to Aiken, -but Pa<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> thought it best not to go until we were certain of Sherman’s -movements. We heard from time to time that Charleston could not be held, -and yet we heard on every side that Augusta was his destination. Several -events occurred which would have prevented our going up if it had been -our intention, the freshet then too Henry’s<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> illness and last of all -the cutting of the railroad, which effectually cut us off.</p> - -<p>We got newspaper accounts of Sherman’s movements on Orangeburg, and then -there was a report that he was marching down the State Road to -Charleston and of course we believed it. Every day report brought them -nearer. Hennie had the silver packed ready for interment. On Wed’y -evening the 10th of Feb’y. a note came from Aunt Ria<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> saying the -Yankees were not far from Walworth, that they had burnt two houses on -the river, and that all the men and boys in the upper Parish were -leaving home, and going to a place of safety. This made us very uneasy -on Harry’s account, for he was very weak. That night we got a note from -Pa who was staying at Indianfield, asking Hennie to send for them very -early the next morning, he said Uncle Rene’s<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> horses would be used -for something else as there was no time to be lost, and telling her to -have the silver ready, we thought the note very mysterious,<a name="page_028" id="page_028"></a> but were -not at all alarmed by it, for on the 16th the next day, Grand Pa<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> -sent off for salt, and sent one of the servants to town for some things -we needed.</p> - -<p>After breakfast I was quietly reading “The Queens of England,” when we -heard a horse racing up the avenue, Cousin Henrietta<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> had sent word -to say that the Yankees were at Moorfield, and asked two of us for pity -sake go and stay with her. You can never imagine our feelings when we -heard it and thought of Aunt Ria by herself, my first impulse was to -burn my letters and to put on a suit of good clothes in case the others -should be taken. By that time the carriage came from Indianfield, and Pa -came in; he was in such a hurry that he never said “Good morning,” but -told us to come and help him pack. He then went in and told Harry that -he must go right off; fright seemed to make us all strong, for two of us -nearly ran with Harry’s trunk down one flight of stairs and up another. -Pa and Harry went off in the carriage loaded with all kinds of things -and Uncle Rene went on horse back. Though it was a relief to get them -off it was a very sad parting, for we did not know when we would meet -again, and the excitement in Harry’s weak state made him so nervous we -were very uneasy about him.</p> - -<p>Soon after they got off we remembered the wine up-stairs, and though we -did not know at what moment the Yankees would be here, we made the -attempt to bring it down, and then we had time to seal the bottles and -have them buried in the garden. By that time a wagon came from Moorfield -with some of Aunt Ria’s things; we were very much relieved to hear that -the enemy was not at Moorfield, but near Walworth. A carriage then came -from Indianfield, and you would have been amused to see the number of -people in it, four nurses and eight children. The house was in confusion -all day. Belle and Aunt Ria both moving over, and Grand Pa moving -provisions into the house, we all worked so hard that we were completely -worn out by night. Aunt Ria came that evening and told us how the -mistake had been made, she had written to Sarrazins exactly what she -wrote us the evening before;<a name="page_029" id="page_029"></a> the family there sent word to the driver -at Brunswick that the Yankees were near Moorfield, and he must give out -the corn to the negroes; the driver sent word to Northampton that they -were at Moorfield. As everything was so quiet Emily<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> and I went to -spend the night with Cousin Henrietta we had not been frightened enough -for one day, for after supper, Mr. Jervey’s<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> entire family came down. -They had heard that the raiders had burnt Mr. Parker’s house near them; -they had intended coming down the next day, but this news brought them -at once. Emily had gone to bed with a headache, and wanted to get up and -come home, but I persuaded her they could not get there before the next -day, though I was so frightened I could scarcely stand. So much for one -day of Yankee fright!</p> - -<p>Febr’y. 17. We were quite relieved to hear that the enemy had taken the -State Road, and gone down to Summerville. They had visited several -places and taken what they pleased. On our way home we met Belle<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> and -Sister<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> who told us of a report that the Yankees were at The Rocks -Church and the plantation on their way to Belle Isle. I did not believe -it, but thought it better to be prepared, so buried a few things. Aunt -Ria received a note from Cousin Edward<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> saying there was no truth in -the reports we had heard, that there was not a Yankee this side of -Orangeburg. We were not left quiet for long, for that evening Capt. -Guerard, from Savannah, rode up to say that he had come to notify the -planters that all of their corn was to be impressed by our government to -feed the army on its retreat from Charleston, and that planters would be -obliged to remove their property beyond the lines. This was the first -intimation we had that the evacuation had commenced. We then held a -council of war, and decided that we must send and let the gentlemen know -what we had heard; fortunately we had found out that they were at the -Eady’s. We all felt very blue for we heard that<a name="page_030" id="page_030"></a> our army was crossing -as fast as possible at St. Stephens, and then the bridge was to be -burned.</p> - -<p>Febr’y. 18th. By breakfast time, the hiding party arrived. At first Pa -said it was impossible to stay here; that we must leave, if we had to -walk, but upon deliberation he concluded we could not go, for the -railroad being cut, our only way was by Orangeburg, which we knew had -been in the hands of the enemy, and besides, we did not know if we had a -house to go to, for we had heard nothing definite from Aiken. We had -three of our soldiers to spend the night, and they cheered us up a great -deal, and said it was best to stay at home.</p> - -<p>Feb’y. 19th. I have never spent such a Sunday, and hope I never will -spend such another; we were in confusion from the time we got up until -we went to bed. Aunt Bet<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> moved over, and Mr. Gignilliat came with -her to spend a few hours.</p> - -<p>I had just been hoping that some of the soldiers we knew would stop -here. That night after we had all retired, Tom Heyward came up, his feet -all blistered from marching. On the 20th. Tom Heyward, Tom Porcher -Ravenel, and Samuel Ravenel all left to join their respective commands, -Tom Porcher having joined Mr. Gignilliat’s battery. We were very anxious -that Harry should go along with them, but he was by no means strong -enough.</p> - -<p>Nothing occurred of any consequence except our soldiers coming in -continually, until the 24th, when we heard that there was fighting down -at Biggin Church. Uncle Thomas,<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> who was at home, hurried off, and -Belle<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a> moved her family to Pineville to secure a summer home. About -dinner time a party of horsemen rode up; for a time we thought them -Yankees, but soon found out they were a squad under Lieut. Miller from -Colcock’s cavalry. On the 25th just at dinner time, Dr. Waring<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> drove -up to say that Uncle Thomas would pass through in a few moments on his -way to St. Stephens and that our pickets were retreating before the -enemy. In a very short time a number of our men passed through the yard. -We<a name="page_031" id="page_031"></a> felt as if our last friends had left us, and that we would never see -a Confederate soldier again, and to add to our discomfort Dr. Waring -told us that the Yankees had visited Gippy, taken all they wished, and -then given out everything else to the negroes. Cousin Catherine’s<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> -clothes were thrown out, her bed clothes, towels, &c., burnt; her person -was guarded; that was all. Of course this put us in a state of mind. -That night Pennie<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> and myself sat up until 2:00 o’clock putting away -things in a mattress. We opened the cotton and put the things between. -Though the next day was Sunday we found a hiding place in our room and -put away a great many things. That evening we heard that Mr. Harvey<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> -had been visited, but not very badly treated. Just as we had gone up -stairs a servant of Uncle Rene’s came in to say that the Yankees were -all along the road from Fairspring to Wantoot. We all slept in our -clothes that night for we were certain they would be here before -morning. On the 27th about midday the alarm was given that “the Yankees -were coming” but we had our fright for nothing, for they turned out to -be some of our scouts under Lieut. Bright. They had four prisoners taken -near Mr. Westcoat’s place with a cart full of things. Two of our men -said they wanted to kill the prisoners but the others would not let -them. They stayed that night, and the next at Harbin, or a part of the -next, for a servant betrayed and they were taken so much by surprise -that two of these men were killed, two wounded and Bright and two of his -men taken prisoners. The Yankees fired several times into the house -thinking men were there. They then gave out everything to the negroes, -which they all brought back to Cousin Jane.<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a></p> - -<p>The 1st of March is a day which we will never forget; everything went on -as usual until nine o’clock at night when we heard several pistol shots -in the negro yard. I ran up stairs to tell Pennie who had gone to bed -and by the time I got back we heard a noise at the back door; our hearts -sank when we heard them talking, for they were negroes without an -officer,<a name="page_032" id="page_032"></a> what we had always dreaded. They asked for the master of the -house, and when Grand Pa went out, they asked in the most insolent -manner for his horses, wagons, meat and poultry. They then asked if -there were any fire arms in the house, and told there was none but a -plantation gun. They said they would not believe that such a house could -be without a gun and that they would have it or shed blood. They then -went off into the yard to get the things. They emptied the smokehouse; -took what poultry they wanted, and then went to the store room under the -house, took a few things from there and told the negroes to go in and -take the rest;—which they did, cleaning out the store room and meat -room. There were a great many things there for Aunt Bet had moved over -her provisions. The plantation negroes took about twenty bushels of -salt; twenty of rice; fifteen of grist, besides several jars of lard, -molasses; all of Hennie’s soap, a box of Pineland crockery and a good -many other things. They left us with one quart of salt in the house and -would not bring any of it back, until Pa stated the case to a <i>white -Yankee</i>, the next day and he went around and made them bring some of it -back. When the negro soldiers first went to the store room they sent for -Grand Pa. It made our blood curdle to hear our aged relative spoken to -in the manner they did. We were all in the hall and could hear -everything that went on below. After some very impudent language we -heard a gun click. I will never forget that moment as long as I live. -The wretch had his gun pointed at Grand Pa, and though we found out -afterwards that they did not dare to take life, we did not know it at -the time. After this they called up the negroes and told them they were -free, and if they worked for Grand Pa again they would shoot them. They -then went off with three horses, a wagon and a buggy. They told the -negroes that the army would be through the next day to take our clothes -and other things. Three of us sat up in the hall for the rest of the -night, and though the others retired to their rooms there was rest for -no one. It must have been too mortifying to poor Grand Pa for his -negroes to behave as they did, taking the bread out of our mouths. I -thought better of them than that. I have attempted to describe that -dreadful night, but nothing can come up to the<a name="page_033" id="page_033"></a> reality. The next -morning everything looked so desolate that it made us feel sad, most of -the house servants came in crying, and said they were willing to do for -us, but were afraid. Of course we would not put them in any danger, so -sent them all off. We sat down to breakfast to a plate of hominy and -cold corn bread that had been cooked the day before for one of our -soldiers. The very night before we had sat down to an elaborate -supper;—such are the fortunes of war! We cleaned up the house and -cooked dinner, looking all the time for our <i>friends</i> for such we -considered the officers. Just as our dinner was put on the table a party -rode up; we were so glad to see them that we all went in the piazza. The -officer came forward and bowed very politely. Pa then told him how we -had been treated the night before and asked what guarantee we would have -against such treatment in the future.</p> - -<p>Capt. Hurlbut who was in command of the party said that the black -soldiers had no authority to come without an officer and if found, they -would be punished. He said that Gen’l. Potter would be along soon and we -might get a protection from him, but afterwards he said that he would -write a paper which might do us good, and certainly would do no harm. I -do not remember the words; but, the sense of it was, that we had very -wisely remained at home, while many had flocked to other parts of the -Confederacy. He said that everything had already been taken from us, and -he would advise that we would not be further molested. He then spoke to -the negroes, told them they were free and could either go away or stay -at home, but if they remained on the place, they must work, for no one -could live without working. He told them they would be better off if -they stayed at home.</p> - -<p>Soon after Col. Hartwell and staff arrived. They all agreed in saying -that the marauders would be punished and the Colonel signed the paper. -One of his staff got quite familiar; played with Aunt Ria’s baby, little -Maria, and ended by kissing her. We laugh and tell the baby she has -caught a Yankee beau, and she always laughs and seems to enjoy the joke. -In a very short time Gen’l Potter and his staff came up in the piazza. -Then the army commenced passing through the yard,<a name="page_034" id="page_034"></a> about three regiments -of infantry, one white and two colored passed through, besides artillery -and cavalry. Each one stopped (<i>sic</i>) and the men ran in every direction -after poultry. They marched the colored regiments right by the piazza; I -suppose as an insult to us. The negroes were collected in the yard and -cheered them on, Hennie<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> and Sister<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> asked the General if he could -not leave us a guard that night, but, he said there was no use; his army -did not straggle, and that he could not leave a guard at every place he -passed. The General did not make a favorable impression on us;<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> he -was very short in his manner, but his staff were very polite. One of -them told us to try the General again.</p> - -<p>You must not be too surprised at our staying out in the piazza with so -many men, for there were a great many of us to keep company, and then we -had never seen such a sight in our lives before. The last of the army -had not left the yard before we saw the General returning; he said he -had determined to take up his headquarters here that night. We were all -of course, delighted for we could not have been better guarded. They had -the parlor for their sitting room, and one chamber for the General. The -wagon train camped just in front of the house, and two regiments in the -field in front. There was a sentinel at the front and one at the back -door all<a name="page_035" id="page_035"></a> night. The camp fires looked very pretty at night. Did we ever -imagine that Pooshee would be headquarters for a Yankee army? About two -hundred head of poultry and a great many sheep were killed; the negroes’ -own did not escape! We recognized one of the prisoners (that our scouts -had here the first of the week) driving a cart, and Lieut. Bright and -his men were prisoners that night in the wash room, one of them asked to -be allowed to speak to some of the girls who were at the back door; he -seemed to be a gentleman.</p> - -<p>During the course of the next day soldiers were continually passing -through. Our protection paper was of great use, for we were not molested -again and from that day to this 9th of March we have been in comparative -quiet.</p> - -<p>Wantoot<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> house has been burned, also seven unoccupied houses in -Pineville. Some of the residents there were shamefully treated, even -their clothes taken from them. Uncle Rene was among the fortunate ones; -he only had a ham stolen from his house but all of his poultry. They -went into the house at Woodboo, though a Mrs. Williams was living there -to protect it, opened every drawer and box in the house; dressed -themselves in Uncle Thomas’s and the boys’ new clothes, leaving their -old ones behind.</p> - -<p>At Northampton they were told by the negroes that a good many things -were hid in the house, so made a thorough search. They actually -threatened to hang Mr. Jervey, and had the rope brought. For some time -they had been told (that treasure?) had been buried. The people about -here would not have suffered near as much if it had not been for these -negroes; in every case they have told where things have been hidden and -they did most of the stealing. The negroes here have behaved worse than -any I have heard of yet.</p> - -<p>Daddy Sandy is as faithful as ever. He is sorry that the Yankees have -been here. George still comes about the house, but does not do much. -Daddy Billy, who we all thought so much of, has not come in since they -were made free. He pretends to be hurt because Hennie told him he could -go if he wanted to. Hennie’s maid Annette has taken herself off.<a name="page_036" id="page_036"></a> Kate -comes in regularly to attend in the bed rooms night and morning.</p> - -<p>We have to do our own cooking now, and you don’t know how nicely we do -it. * * * * * We take it by turns to cook dinner in the pantry, two -going together every day. * * * I have not touched my needle for a week; -would you believe that? The field negroes are in a dreadful state; they -will not work, but either roam the country, or sit in their houses. At -first they all said they were going, but have changed their minds now. -Pa has a plan to propose to them by which they are to pay Grand Pa so -much for the hire of the land and houses; but they will not come up to -hear it. I do not see how we are to live in this country without any -rule or regulation. We are afraid now to walk outside of the gate. * * * -* *</p> - -<p>We have just heard a report that Charlie Porcher has been taken prisoner -in a fight near Aiken, and fear it is true. Do let me tell you a smart -trick of Cephas, Grand Pa’s carpenter! It is worthy of the Yankees. -Before (the minds of the) Moorfield negroes had been poisoned, he went -there and told the servant Robert that Aunt Ria had sent him for a cart, -five turkeys and a sheep. He then came here at night, took up his wife -Adela and traveled off to Charleston. One of Aunt Ria’s negroes who had -always been sick got one mule from Moorfield, another mule and carriage -from some other place, went to Pinopolis and took all of Mr. -Stevens’s<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a> books. The next day he went for the piano. He told some of -the negroes that he had been playing on it already. The negroes are in -the most lawless and demoralized state imaginable. If this is what the -Yankees intended they have made their work complete. We have to keep -everything under lock and key, and can call nothing our own now.</p> - -<p>Grand Pa seems completely broken down, tho’ he tries to keep up. It must -be too hard for one of his age to have everything so changed from what -he has been accustomed to all of his life.</p> - -<p>The day that the Yankees left here, George brought in an envelope which -he found in the prison (the wash-house). It was directed to “Miss Carrie -Cribbs,” Tuscaloosa, Ala. On<a name="page_037" id="page_037"></a> the back was a Confederate stamp, and -inside a blank sheet of paper folded. At first we did not think anything -of it; but the idea soon struck Aunt Bet that it was left here with an -object, which was that we should write and let the young lady know what -had become of him. We heard afterward that one of the prisoners’ name -was “Cribbs,” so that settled all doubts we had on the subject. We will -send the letter off the first opportunity we hear of, tho’ I can’t say -when that will be, for we are entirely cut off from the world and almost -entirely from neighborhood news.</p> - -<p>March 10. We received notes from White Hall and Sarrazins and also a -letter from Alice Palmer, quite a <i>treat</i>. The White Hall negroes -behaved shamefully; they rushed into the house; tore down the curtains, -carried off bedding, blankets and trunks, and are grumbling now that -they have not enough. We hear that one man asked Cousin Marianne<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> to -step out and take a dance, that they were on equality now.</p> - -<p>March 11. Uncle Rene dined here to-day. It was really refreshing to see -some one out of the house. He says there is a report that Sherman has -been defeated with heavy loss, and is going down to Georgetown. I fear -it is too good to be true. Uncle Rene also brought the news that -fighting was going on at Blue Hole, Uncle Charles Snowden’s place. I -suppose it can only be a skirmish. How composedly we can be talking of -fighting in our very midst!</p> - -<p>One item of news, which I must not forget to tell you, is that Newport -has taken the cooking, and we are all ladies again.</p> - -<p>March 13th. Dr Waring<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a> came in to-day and told us the particulars of -the affair at Blue Hole. On Thursday four Yankee negroes, with a good -many plantation negroes, armed, went to Moorfield. There they found a -quantity of wine. A good many men joined them from there and Cedar -Grove, mounted on anything they could find, and in a drunken state they -all rode up the Parish. When they reached Blue Hole, Charlie Snowden, -who was there on a visit, went off and informed our scouts. They killed -two or three of the negroes,<a name="page_038" id="page_038"></a> and took several prisoners, which I do not -think they kept long. After they left, the negro soldiers made the -negroes move everything out of the house, and the family had to go into -the kitchen. The next day our scouts came up again to assist Aunt -Harrie<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a> in recovering her things; but, she begged them to go away; -that they had been the cause of her trouble, so they left in not at all -a good humor, and we have heard nothing more. I hope young Charlie -Snowden has succeeded in getting out of the way. Several of the people -about here have put up the white flag, because the Yankees told them it -would be a sign that they had already been visited. Our scouts did not -like it; they said it looked as if the country had submitted, so they -have all been taken down. I am so glad we never had one up.</p> - -<p>March 14th. We all went to Northampton this morning to pay a visit; -quite an era in our own monotonous lives. Pa rode on horse-back and we -closed up the ranks on foot.</p> - -<p>March 15th. Aunt Ria left us this morning to stay a while at Woodlawn. -She went in the buggy with the baby and Maum Mary; the two boys followed -in the cart.</p> - -<p>March 16th. Dr. White<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a> dined here to-day; he had just crossed the -river. He had not seen a paper for some time, so, of course, could not -tell us much news. Sherman had not been defeated and was avoiding a -battle.</p> - -<p>March 17th. Drs. White and Waring paid visits here to-day. We are not as -much cut off as we expected at first. Dr. Waring told us he heard that -the oath of allegiance was to be offered to every man in the country. -This is the worst news we have heard of for some time. Pa and Harry will -try and get out of the way, but Grand Pa will be compelled to take it.</p> - -<p>March 18th. Mr. Cain and Anna Maria were here to-day; the old gentleman -seems to feel his loss very much.</p> - -<p>March 20th. * * * * This morning Pa went to Woodlawn to try and make -arrangements for carrying us all to Aiken. He has succeeded in hiring -three mules, and the present plan is that we are to start on Wednesday -in a wagon,—Rather a novel style of making the trip! We are all anxious -now to go, but<a name="page_039" id="page_039"></a> hate so much leaving Grand Pa, and the rest of the -family, particularly in Grand Pa’s state of health.</p> - -<p>March 21st. We heard rumors to-day of the enemy landing on the banks of -the Santee, and coming this way in great force which made Pa decide not -to go on Wednesday. * * * * *</p> - -<p>March 22nd. We heard to-day from Nina<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a> and Cousin James Wilson. * * * -Nina writes on the 16th of March from Winnsboro. She had met the enemy -there and had not lost much. * * * a good many houses were burned in -Winnsboro, also the Episcopal Church, and they were kept in constant -fear. Cousin James and family lost everything by fire in Columbia—They -had to spend one night in the woods with Nana’s<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a> baby only ten days -old. How much some people have suffered. We have every cause to be -thankful, for we have suffered very little in comparison to others.</p> - -<p>We also heard to-day of several battles in which we had been victorious; -that France had recognized the Confederacy and the United States had -declared war against Mexico,—if it could only be true! We cannot help -feeling hopeful anyhow.</p> - -<p>Dr. Waring mentioned that a few Yankees had landed, but had gone back to -their gun boats, so the Aiken cavalcade is to go off in the morning.</p> - -<p>March 23rd. The Club House<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> came down with a crash this evening, or -rather the frame, for the Yankees had nearly stripped it of boards and -the negroes finished it.</p> - -<p>March 24th. The caravan started for Aiken to-day. The negroes are -behaving a great deal better now on most of the plantations; they have -commenced working again, and most of them that went to town have come -back, which I think will have a very good effect on the others. Our -scouts have done a great deal of good in making the negroes afraid to go -out.</p> - -<p>March 25th. Harbin house was burned yesterday about 2:00 o’clock by -accident we hear. We have heard no particulars, or what has become of -the family. Mr. Myers (the overseer) returned home to-day to join the -scouts. He reports that Sherman has been defeated in N. C. and four -thousand<a name="page_040" id="page_040"></a> prisoners taken. He was perfectly surprised to see the state -of things here, so different from what they are on the river. We feel -very anxious about Henry,<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> for Mr. Myers left him a week ago in -Chester quite sick. He was in a cotton house as he could not get private -lodgings. We saw a Charleston Courier of 21st of March. The Yankees -claim the victories of all the battles that have been fought lately, and -say the Rebels are nearly done up! That remains to be proved.</p> - -<p>March 26th. This day will long be remembered by the people of Pineville. -The Regulators<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a> had just returned from Mt. Pleasant with a supply of -arms and ammunition—Last night they sent to several of the gentlemen -and told them they would hang them the next day, but our scouts -surprised them this morning and 27 were killed, eleven right off, and -the others in the course of the day. One man was taken who told where -their ammunition was hidden, and then he was dispatched. Several made -their escape in the woods but the ring-leaders were killed;—15 were -killed from Capt. Gourdin’s place. Our force was 56 men; that of the -negroes was not known, though supposed to be less. We hear that Col. -Ferguson<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a> is on his way with 1,500 men, and Major Jenkins with six -companies. They will soon put things straight again.</p> - -<p>March 30th. * * * Mr. Stevens arrived to-day. He does not appear to -think anything of the behavior of his flock; but I know he must feel -mortified and disappointed. He will remain and preach for us as long as -it is safe for him to do so. To-day has been a regular mail day. Mr. -Stevens brought letters from Nina, Mrs. Sams and Auntie,<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a> * * * one -from Uncle Charlie Snowden saying he had taken possession of our farm, -and also mentioning that some of Wheeler’s men had broken into the -house, taken all of the carpets, blankets and provisions. * * * This -evening Hennie received a long note from Cousin Marianne Porcher; she -mentioned that Hardee had been repulsed, but that after that Johnston -had defeated Sherman taking 4,000 prisoners.<a name="page_041" id="page_041"></a></p> - -<p>Press Smith was wounded in both legs, and his brother Porcher in the -head; both were doing well; Ravenel Macbeth was wounded and a prisoner. -We have heard nothing of our other friends. Cousin Marianne says she -heard from negroes that the entire Barker family had taken the oath of -allegiance and were preparing to go to the city. We cannot blame them -for we do not know how they were situated. Dr. Motte had refused the -oath up here, but was carried to Charleston, and there he was made to -take it. Mr. Holmes refused to take it and is now a prisoner. I do not -know how true all this is, but we must take it for what it is worth. I -am very thankful that Pa has gotten away and that we do not live on -Cooper river. * * *</p> - -<p>March 31st. The Northampton people paid a visit here to-day. Willie -Jervey is at home for a short time. We heard a report to-day that -Charleston was blockaded by fifty French vessels and that the Yankees -were preparing to evacuate the place. It came from a man about here who -had gone down to the Gunboat to take the oath of allegiance.</p> - -<p>April 1st. The negroes’ freedom was brought to a close to-day. During -the morning a party of our scouts rode up and asked if Grand Pa wished -them to do anything for him. Grand Pa told them that one of his negroes -had been seen with a gun but had said that it belonged to one of Uncle -Rene’s men who had gone to town, so the scouts went off. We were very -uneasy when we saw them coming, fearing that they might be Yankees. -About dinner time another party came up, Edward Dennis, Mr. McTureous -and several others. They requested the negroes be called up, and told -them they were not free, but slaves, and would be until they died; that -the Yankees had no right to free them, and that they were to go to work -as they had always done with a driver;<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a> that they would be here -every two or three days to see that they worked, and the first one -caught out without a ticket would be killed. Then they demanded guns -from two of them and said they were to be forthcoming. Poor deluded -creatures! Their friends the Yankees have done them more harm than good; -this day month their freedom was proclaimed. One report to-day is that -the<a name="page_042" id="page_042"></a> white Union soldiers in Savannah united with the citizens and -massacred 4,000 blacks on account of their outrageous behavior. Another -is that the Gun Boats have left the Santee and the one on Cooper river -has gone lower down. About dark after we had shut up the house we heard -a loud rap at the front door, and much to our surprise it proved to be -your father (Mr. Heyward). He had come all the way from Aiken on -horseback to carry Aunt Bet back.</p> - -<p>April 2nd. We have been permitted the privilege of again meeting at -church to offer our thanks to God for his manifold mercies to us during -this terrible time. Nearly every one in the Parish succeeded in getting -there, mules supplying the places of all horses that had been taken. It -was very pleasant to meet our friends, whom we had not seen for six -weeks.</p> - -<p>April 4th. Aunt Bet started to-day for Aiken with a carriage, two -wagons, one cart, one donkey cart, two cows and an outrider,—quite a -cavalcade! We heard today that two of the ring leaders from Pineville -went to the Gunboat and told how they had been treated, whereupon the -officers had them put in irons and sent to Charleston, and told them, if -they had only known it, they would have sent a company to help the white -men. We received numerous letters from Aiken this morning by the return -wagons. I am sorry to say that Wheeler’s men have done us more damage -than the Yankees. I did not mind it at first when I thought they had -only taken things they needed, but I do blame them very much for their -wanton destruction of property that they ought to protect. It is a shame -and they ought to be exposed.</p> - -<p>April 6th. The scouts were here again to-day under Lieut. Pettus.<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> -Charlie Snowden has joined them. Hennie got them to go to Wampee and -send her maid Anette home.<a name="page_043" id="page_043"></a></p> - -<p>April 8th. We have had another visit to-day from the Yankees. Before -breakfast we saw smoke in the direction of Somerset, and the negroes -told us they had heard a drum and fife in the night. We thought it was -imagination until a servant from Wantoot told us that the Yankees had -burnt Somerset house and were coming on. Soon after we saw them coming -through the field, and in a very short time the house was full of black -Yankees. I remained in the hall to see what they would take there, and -to keep a watch on our room door. The first one that came into the room -asked for fire arms. I told him they had all been taken. The next one -asked for silver. I had no idea of showing him, so told him I was not -the lady of the house. He made no reply but went on looking. A number -then came in, and the silver was soon found and carried off; 40 small -pieces of table silver and soup ladle; these, and one candle stick were -the only things taken from the hall. Grand Pa lost all of his clothes -that he had out. A box was broken open, some sheets and table cloths -taken, the rest flung over the floor interspersed with broken eggs. The -safe door was broken open and the ham taken. Several other rooms were -entered and things taken; but, I am thankful to say our room was left -untouched. All of the horses were taken. Gen’l Hartwell took good care -not to come up until the darkies had left. He told his Captain to go and -see if he <i>could</i> get the silver and one horse back, which, of course, -we knew he did not <i>mean</i> him to do. The object of their visit was to -catch the scouts. They said we had brought all of this on ourselves for -encouraging the scouts.</p> - -<p>Uncle Rene and Uncle William have both been taken prisoners and we hear, -are to be carried to Charleston. They took the latter to get information -from him,—so they say, but<a name="page_044" id="page_044"></a> we think they took him because he had -entertained the scouts. Uncle Rene had to put himself under the -protection of the General as there was a conspiracy detected among the -black troops to come back that night and kill him. The Yankees went to -Mexico this evening and I suppose will visit all the places up there.</p> - -<p>April 10th. Of course there was no service yesterday. Dr. Waring paid a -visit and told us that Mr. Stevens was still in the Parish, but keeping -close. This morning several of the negro men came to Grand Pa and asked -to be allowed to stay here and work; they would do anything he told -them. The Yankees told them to go <i>with them</i>, but they said they did -not want to go. Two of the boys from here have joined the (U. S.?) Army.</p> - -<p>April 11th. * * * * Cousin Mazyck Porcher<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a> has been taken prisoner. -Mexico house and all the out buildings have been burned. Last accounts -of the enemy they were at Eutaw Springs.</p> - -<p>April 12th. Uncle Rene and Uncle Wm. returned home to-day. We were too -thankful to hear of their release. They were carried as far as Eutaw, -and then told to “Go Home.”</p> - -<p><i>Woodlawn, April 14th.</i> Uncle Rene drove Sister home, and I came back -here to take her place. Uncle Rene and Uncle William had a most dreadful -experience on the ride from Pineville to Mexico with the Army. At one -time they were guarded by only one black soldier, and they could hear -others all around trying to bribe their guard to give them up to be -killed; but the guard, though a darky, was above bribing.</p> - -<p><i>Pooshee, April 20th.</i> I returned here to-day quite unexpectedly. Pa -came down last night and went over for me. We are to leave on Monday. We -hear the most exaggerated accounts of things here. To-day’s reports are -that Lee’s Army, 32,000, has surrendered to Grant, and all the men -paroled not to fight again during the war. The other report is that -Sumterville and Summerton have both been burnt to the ground; of course -we do not believe either of them.</p> - -<p><i>April 21st.</i> We hear to-day that there has been a fight<a name="page_045" id="page_045"></a> on the river, -and two regiments of blacks under Potter completely cut up.</p> - -<p><i>April 22nd.</i> Today’s news is very cheering; it is that Lincoln and -Seward have both been assassinated, and that there is to be an -Armistice.</p> - -<p>(Here the diary-letter ends without signature.)<a name="page_046" id="page_046"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="REMINISCENCES_OF_MRS_MARY_RHODES_WARING_HENAGAN" id="REMINISCENCES_OF_MRS_MARY_RHODES_WARING_HENAGAN"></a>REMINISCENCES OF MRS. MARY RHODES (WARING) HENAGAN<br /><br /> -———<br /> -(<i>Written in December, 1917, to be Read at a Meeting of The<br /> Girls of the Sixties, Columbia, S. C.</i>)<br /> -———</h2> - -<p>The evacuation of Charleston, crossing of our soldiers over the Santee -river, burning the bridge behind them, left the lower part of the State -in the power of the Yankees.</p> - -<p>My home was in this deserted region. We knew that our enemies were all -around and had visited in no kind manner many of the neighboring -plantations, but Chelsea, our plantation and winter home, seemed to be -exempted. We learned afterward that this was due to the devotion of our -slaves.</p> - -<p>At last the Yankees did come. Our home, a big old colonial house built -in 1714, was packed with refugees run from the coast from their homes -earlier in the war. My mother directed each of us to go to my -grandmother’s room as soon as we saw the Yankees coming, and meet them -in a body there. My grandmother had passed her eightieth mile-stone and -was old for her years.</p> - -<p>As day after day passed and no Yankees came we felt more at ease. On one -particular day in February, 1865, the young folks were sitting in a room -removed from the main body of the house, one reading aloud and the -others knitting, when my sister-in-law put her head in at the door and -exclaimed, “Girls, the Yankees.” There was a rush for the house and my -grandmother’s room. Just as we reached it the house was surrounded by an -excited crowd of men calling for the Confederate soldier they had seen -enter the house. There was no soldier there and they were so informed, -but they insisted there was one for they had seen him. Their officers -had some trouble in keeping them from searching the house. One officer -stood at the front door with my father, who was the physician<a name="page_047" id="page_047"></a> of the -neighborhood, Dr. Morton Waring, and the other at the back door with my -mother and her sister. Just then the excitement was relieved by one of -our young negro men walking up with a military cap on.</p> - -<p>There was no soldier with us just then, only a boy not yet in service.</p> - -<p>Our young horses were gone, for the negro boys had taken them all into -the swamp a half mile away as soon as the Yankees were in sight. Some of -the soldiers were anxious to take my father’s horses that he used for -his practice, but this Captain Hulbert, one of their officers, would not -permit, telling his men they might need the services of a doctor and he -could not get to them if his horses were gone.</p> - -<p>Captain Hulbert told my father that his negroes had represented him as -such a kind friend to them that the general in command had directed him -not to enter his house or permit any outrages, only to free the negroes, -as they thought they were slaves until each plantation was visited and -the negroes told they were free.</p> - -<p>But the soldiers were not satisfied and meant to have something if -possible, so they surrounded the smoke house and told one of our negro -men to go up and throw out the meat. Of course he obeyed. As my father -and Captain Hulbert walked quickly up one of our negroes stepped up to -the captain and said, “Please don’t let your men take our meat. This -belongs to us negroes.” This was not strictly true as the meat was for -us all, but it had the desired effect. The meat was left.</p> - -<p>At this time when we were so anxious and worried our negroes showed -themselves true friends by concealing our valuables. Different ones -would come at night and offer to take anything we would entrust to them -and hide it for us. In this way many valuables were entrusted to them -which were taken care of and returned after all was safe, in every case -under cover of night. Our silver of course was buried by members of the -family.</p> - -<p>During this same period we were surprised one day by seeing a buggy -coming up with two men in it, one wrapped in a blanket, the other, his -son, driving. These were Dr. Peter<a name="page_048" id="page_048"></a> Snowden and his son Charlie. When -they drew up in front of the house and asked for my mother she went to -them at once and was accosted by one of these gentlemen, both of whom -she knew well. He was one of the scouts and had been wounded and taken -refuge at the next plantation, but the Yankees hearing of his hiding -place were in pursuit of him, so he came to see if my father could help -him. My father was not at home, but my mother never hesitated. She made -a bed in a small room where my father had hidden much corn and other -provisions, and placed a large press in front of the door which it -entirely concealed. In this store room our scout was cared for until he -was able to go further. While arrangements were being made for him my -grandmother called my mother to her and said, “Anne, do you know what -you are doing, you have many helpless ones in your care and this piece -of kindness may cost you your home?” My mother replied, “It is my duty -to protect him. I will do it. God will do the rest.” When my father -reached home he commended her action.</p> - -<p>If the Yankees ever knew the wounded scout was with us they certainly -made no sign indicating they possessed such knowledge.</p> - -<p>There were skirmishes about in our neighborhood between the northern -troops passing through on their way to Columbia, Camden and other -points, and our scouts. These were men sent back to protect the helpless -ones left behind. They used a kind of guerilla warfare, but sometimes -they had a real open skirmish. One of these was on a plantation near our -home and my father was sent for to dress the wound of one soldier, I -think a Yankee, another having been killed in the same fight. The -mistress<a name="FNanchor_105_105" id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a> of this plantation had two young nieces with her for -companionship. Her husband, of course, was away, and her children very -small. The older of these girls carried a pistol in her pocket for -protection. One day the pistol discharged its contents into her thigh. -Only a flesh wound resulted, but it alarmed the family very much. My -father was called and after making her comfortable he persuaded her aunt -to let him take her home with him. She improved rapidly and was<a name="page_049" id="page_049"></a> soon -able to walk around. Then she thought best to return to her aunt. We had -not seen or heard of any Yankees in the neighborhood for several days so -my father thought we might venture the trip of two miles in our -carriage. My sister and I went with her. As we were crossing the Santee -canal about a mile from our house we saw some soldiers on the bridge. -Tom, our coachman, drove quietly on, but as soon as we crossed we were -halted and our carriage surrounded by blue coats who were rather -inquisitive. We had driven right up to a long line of marching Yankees. -A portion of Hartwell’s army on its way to the up country. Some of them -recognized our friend, having seen her at Harbin, the home of her aunt, -so accosted her with “Halloo Leize and Sallie. There are Leize and -Sallie.” They had mistaken me for her sister. My sister in a quiet -manner and voice asked to speak to their commanding officer. This caused -them to stand back while one went for the officer. After a while, which -seemed much longer than it really was, the officer (I believe a colonel) -rode up and asked her business. She told him we were on our way to a -neighboring plantation to make a friendly visit and return, and asked -his protection for the trip. He told her he was obliged to detain us -where we were for a time, but we should be protected. That as he had to -march on with his command he would leave us in charge of a guard. This -he did at once, so that in a very short time our guards were the only -soldiers in sight except one that was sent back with a dispatch to the -Major of the fifty-fifth. While he was waiting for the major and his men -to come up he sat at the root of a large pine and played beautiful music -on a very sweet flute that he had stolen from one of the plantations. I -had heard that flute so often, it belonged to Rene Jervey. As we were -circumstanced it was better to assume a friendliness of manner with our -guard who was a very polite Canadian named Alfred Brett. He said he was -only fighting for his pay, that he did not care which side whipped.</p> - -<p>After listening to his yarns for some hours my sister asked him why he -was detaining us and how long he meant to keep us there. He replied “I -must keep you until General Hartwell’s division passes. He has many -regiments of colored troops and if you should meet them I could not -answer for the consequences,<a name="page_050" id="page_050"></a> they are coming by the same road you are -going.” My sister said “But if you will allow us, we will return -straight home by the same road we came.” He agreed to this and told Tom -to hitch up, which Tom did with the sorry horse he gave in place of our -beautiful one he stole. He did not wish the other so let us keep him. -This certainly gave us a pair of wretchedly matched horses, one large -gray and the other a small red hack that loped all the time in harness -that was so large it could scarcely be kept on.</p> - -<p>While guarding us Mr. Brett had an eye to self. He asked Tom very -particularly about one of my father’s sulky horses, a very fine iron -gray named “Beauregard,” where he was kept and so on, and said he wanted -him. Tom suspecting mischief consulted with our foreman as soon as we -reached home and between them they determined to save the horse, and -lost no time about it. They took my father into their confidence.</p> - -<p>Not long after we reached home and before the excitement caused by our -story had subsided my father came driving slowly home behind an old -frame of bones in a much bruised horse hide. They had met him at -Woodlawn plantation where he had gone professionally and taken his -horse. Zeleka would not stand haltered, so we hoped she would come home. -Sure enough that night after she had eaten her oats and all was quiet -she slipped her halter and started homeward. She had gone quite a long -way when one of our scouts caught her. He used her and took care of her -until the troubles were over, then returned her to my father.</p> - -<p>Early the morning after our capture the whole plantation was thrown into -wild excitement. During the night the stable door was unhinged and -Beauregard taken, the news spreading through the neighborhood. The -doctor could not visit his patients, both of his horses having been -taken. Other persons lost their horses too, so he could only go as best -he could to the urgent cases. Then the weary weeks of waiting, we could -hear nothing of my brother. All we knew was he was with General Young’s -brigade wherever that was. Some of the men from St. John’s Parish had -gotten home but none had seen or heard of him. The war was over. The -army disbanded, and we were still waiting. One memorable day about the -middle<a name="page_051" id="page_051"></a> of April we were gathered in the parlor trying to be cheerful -and busying ourselves with mending when our butler stepped into the room -and said in a most joyous voice “Mars John.” O, such a rush for the -front door where my mother ahead of the rest had her soldier boy in her -arms. It was a happy household that night that gathered around the -family altar. Some time after this we were again gathered in the parlor. -This time chattering of how we were going to make our little serve for a -great deal, when we were attracted by the neighing of a horse at the -fence near by and looking up saw Beauregard. What a welcome he received. -Tom thought it safe for him to come home so released him from his hiding -place in the swamp.<a name="page_052" id="page_052"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="No_280" id="No_280"></a>No. 280.<br /><br /> -REPORT OF BV’T. BRIG. GEN. ALFRED S. HARTWELL,<br /> -FIFTY-FIFTH MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY,<br /> -OF OPERATIONS,<br /> -APRIL 5-15.<br /> -</h2> - -<p class="c">(<i>From pp. 1042-1043, ‘War of Rebln Official Records,’ &c. Series<br /> I: -Vol. XLVII, Part 1. “Campaign of the Carolinas, etc."</i>)<br /> -———</p> - -<p class="r"> -Headquarters Provisional Brigade.<br /> -No. 8 Meeting St., Charleston, S. C., Ap’l. 15, 1865.<br /> -</p> - -<p>Captain: The following is respectfully submitted as the report of the -expedition to the Santee River under my command:</p> - -<p>In pursuance of orders received from Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch, I caused, -on the 5th of April, the Fifty-fourth New York Veteran Volunteers and -Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers to cross from James Island and -assemble with a section of the Third New York Artillery at the Four Mile -Tavern on the State Road. Starting early on the morning of the 6th -inst., I reached Goose Creek at nightfall, and went into bivouac -eighteen miles from this city. From this point I sent back for the -surplus ammunition. On information from a contraband that there were -from thirty to forty Rebel cavalry at a place called Dean Hall I sent, -at 5:00 P.M. two companies to attempt to surprise this party. During the -night I was notified that these two companies had been misled by the -guide, and were awaiting orders near the Twenty-Five Mile House on the -State Road. April 7 at 7:00 A.M. I started to Mr. Cain’s, near Black -Oak, Santee Canal, some twenty-two miles, sending a detachment to -Biggin’s Bridge, who rejoined the column at night, together with the two -companies from the Twenty-Five Mile House. Thirty cavalry were in my -front having gone from Dean Hall around my flank. I sent two companies -to deploy and surround the house in which they were reported to be, and -surprise them. The enemy, however, got notice of our approach in season -to escape, leaving several blankets and guns, and their supper ready -cooked. Mr. Cain had several sons in the Rebel army; he had entertained -those who had just gone, and had recently given them a grand dinner; his -barn accidentally, or by some unknown incendiary, was burned.<a name="page_053" id="page_053"></a></p> - -<p>Marched at 7:00 A.M. on the 8th of April, and halted at noon in -Pineville for dinner. Reached Mexico at nightfall, and went into bivouac -there. Distance marched, about twenty miles.</p> - -<p>The people in Pineville implored our protection from the negroes, who -were arming themselves and threatening the lives of their masters. Mr. -Reno (<i>sic</i>) Ravenel requested me to take him with me to save his life. -The negroes flocked in from all sides.</p> - -<p>At Mexico I found that Mr. Mazyck Porcher had made his house the -headquarters of the Rebels in the vicinity. While I was on his grounds -his property was protected, but was burned to the ground immediately on -my leaving, I think, by his field hands.</p> - -<p>April 9, started for Eutaw Creek, thirteen miles distant. Some -skirmishing occurred; but dispersed the enemy with a few shells.</p> - -<p>From Eutaw Creek I sent two companies to Nelson’s Ferry, who sent me -word at night that General Potter had gone up the Santee in transports -the day before, and that they had burned forty or fifty bales of cotton -that night on the opposite shore. During the night a contraband reported -to me that General Potter had encountered the enemy at Manningsville, -and had had a skirmish there. He was advancing, however, to Sumterville. -A certain Lieutenant Pettus, commanding some Rebel cavalry in our -vicinity, came in on a flag of truce at my request. I told this officer -that he would not quarter in or near houses, or fire from houses, if he -cared to save them from destruction. I also sent by this officer a note -to General Ferguson, suggesting the propriety of his recalling his -scouts from attempting to coerce the slaves to labor.</p> - -<p>April 10. Sent parties to Vance’s Ferry and vicinity to gather corn and -rice together to feed the contrabands which had congregated together on -the march. Marched at 5:00 P.M., taking the cross-road to the State -Road. At about 10.00 P.M. we encountered twenty-five or thirty Rebel -cavalry; shots were exchanged and they disappeared, leaving a gun, some -blankets, and hats, &c.; bivouacked fifteen miles from starting point at -midnight.</p> - -<p>April 11. Marched at daylight down the State Road; found<a name="page_054" id="page_054"></a> that the -bridges over Cypress Swamp were in bad condition, and was delayed by the -falling through of a limber and chest. From this delay, and my column -being encumbered by the train of refugees, I did not take the Ridgeville -Road, which was reported very heavy, but marched to the Twenty-Five Mile -House, and there bivouacked.</p> - -<p>April 12, marched to Goose Creek, leaving there two companies and the -train of refugees. The rest of my command I marched to the Four Mile -Tavern, where they still remain. The companies left at Goose Creek have -since rejoined them there.</p> - -<p>I remain, Very Respectfully, your obedient servant,</p> - -<p class="r"> -A. S. Hartwell<br /> -<br /> -Col. Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers,<br /> -Bv’t. Brig. Gen. of Vols.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="hang"> -Capt. L. B. Perry,<br /> -Asst. Adjt. Gen., Northern Dist.,<br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Department of the South.</span><br /> -</p> - -<h2>———<br /><a name="THE_FIFTY-FIFTH_MASSACHUSETTS" id="THE_FIFTY-FIFTH_MASSACHUSETTS"></a>THE FIFTY-FIFTH MASSACHUSETTS.</h2> - -<p class="c">———<br /> -<i>Extracts from the Diary of Col. Charles B. Fox, covering the<br /> -visit of black troops to Somerset and<br /> -Mexico Plantations.</i><a name="FNanchor_106_106" id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a><br /> -——— -</p> - -<p>April 7. The march was continued until the head of the column arrived -within a short distance of Monck’s Corner, when it turned to the left, -on the south side of the Santee Canal, and moved toward Pinopolis, a -village of summer residences similar to Pineville, though smaller. Few -families or articles contraband of war were found there. A detachment<a name="page_055" id="page_055"></a> -sent from Monck’s Corner to the canal and creek bridges on the -Biggin-Church Road, reported no sign of the enemy in that direction. -After marching until after dark, the command bivouacked, in line of -battle, near the house of Mr. Cain, the artillery in position, and the -men sleeping at the foot of their gun stacks. Squads of cavalry were -reported in front and rear, and a mounted party, in advance of the -infantry, were fired on just as the line for bivouac was formed. The -cavalry seen, however, did not number over twenty-five or thirty; and -the report of troops in line of battle in the front proved to be an -error. Mr. Cain’s house and plantation were very fine. He claimed to -have made an agreement with his former slaves, with which they were -satisfied. Whether they were or not, few of them left him at that time. -Many of the trees and fences around the yard were cut to strengthen the -position, but the house and grounds were not otherwise injured.</p> - -<p>April 8. The line of march was resumed in the early morning, in a -drizzling rain, through the plantations to the Black-Oak Road, to -Pineville, where a halt for dinner was made; thence to Mexico, to the -plantation of W. M. Porcher. As the troops left Cain’s Plantation, the -carriage-barn was fired, whether by accident or design is not known. The -fire did not, however, spread to other buildings.</p> - -<p>At Pineville, all sorts of rumors were current of the cruelties -practiced by the guerilla cavalry, who were said to have shot and hung -many of the negroes in that vicinity. The men of the Regiment were -greatly excited, and effort was necessary to preserve discipline. It was -difficult to trace most of the reports to their source, but it is to be -feared that some of them had too good foundation. One thing was certain, -that a company of negroes had a fight at Pineville, with a squad of -Rebel scouts, under Lieut. Pettus, in which the latter had been at first -defeated, and only effected their purpose after the arrival of -reinforcements. Alarmed by these stories and events, an exodus of the -freed people commenced at this point, which continued during the -remainder of the expedition, until the refugee-train was far larger than -the rest of the column.</p> - -<p>The Porcher homestead was the most elegant which the expedition had -seen. The house was filled with articles of convenience<a name="page_056" id="page_056"></a> and luxury, -with treasures of art and family relics. It was situated in a large -park, shaded by magnificent trees. The position was good; and the line -was formed for bivouac, the right at the mansion house, the left beyond -that of the overseer, the out-buildings, over which guards were placed, -being in the rear. There was slight picket-firing during the night, -probably, however, at cattle and hogs. The march was resumed soon after -daylight.</p> - -<p>Mr. Porcher was known to have been an original and most decided Rebel, -and he was taken to Charleston as a prisoner; but his property would not -have been destroyed as it was, had he not in reply to the question of -the provost-marshal, “If he had any wine in his cellars” merely stated -that he had not, omitting to say that he had a large amount in the -garret. During the night a quantity of this liquor reached the mounted -men of the escort, and probably some of the refugees; and by one or the -other, while in liquor, the house and all the outbuildings, except the -dwelling of the overseer which was saved by the exertions of Chaplain -Bowles, who had spent the night there, were set fire to and destroyed as -soon as the guards were withdrawn and the troops upon the march. As soon -as the existence of the wine was ascertained by the provost-marshal, -Capt. Torrey, he destroyed what remained of it.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="cb">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Northampton. A St. Julien homestead, passing by marriage -into the hands of Gen’l William Moultrie, whose name belongs to the -history of the State. On this place he made the first experiment of -cotton-planting on a large scale. The substantial brick house was -destroyed by fire in 1842, but the massive walls were uninjured, and the -loss done by fire restored. (From the “Upper Beat of St. John’s, -Berkeley,” by Prof. F. A. Porcher.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> William Jervey, Esq., of the Charleston Bar.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Cedar Grove, my grandmother’s old home, away from the great -thoroughfares, was our refuge during the war, but Father had promised -that Aunt Nenna (Mrs. Stevens) should not be left with her two babies -all alone to meet the Yankees—the place was Northampton, near Black Oak -the center of Yankee raiding. We kept putting off our move until the -news came of the army being at Orangeburg. S. R. J.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Rene R. Jervey, son of W. J.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> James L. Jervey, C. S. A., son of W. J.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> William Henry Sinkler, C. S. A., son of Wm. Sinkler, of -Belmont.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Lieut. Oscar M. LaBorde, C. S. A., killed in the battle of -Averysboro, March 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Charles Stevens, son of Mrs. Henrietta Stevens.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> William Palmer;—body servant of late Henry L. Stevens, C. -S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Mrs. Henrietta Stevens, widow of late Henry L. Stevens, C. -S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Mr. Thomas P. Ravenel, Sr., C. S. A</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Hon. Wm. Cain, former Lt. Governor of South Carolina.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Dr. Peter G. Snowden, C. S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> “Neddie” Snowden, son of Dr. P. G. S.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> Edwin DuBose.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Mrs. John S. White.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> A negro servant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> A negro servant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> A negro servant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Mrs. Jane Screven DuBose (Harbin).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> Dr. Henry Ravenel (Pooshee).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Wm. F. Ravenel (Woodlawn).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Miss Elizabeth Jervey.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> A negro servant (my grandmother’s faithful housekeeper). -S. R. J</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Body servant of Henry L. Stevens, C. S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Negro servants; two of Uncle Henry’s most trusted negroes. -S. R. J.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> Wm. St. Julien Jervey. C. S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Mrs. Percival (Maria) Porcher, widow of P. R. Porcher, C. -S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> Col. James Ferguson, father of General S. W. Ferguson, C. -S. A., “Dockon,” his plantation on Cooper River.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> A non-commissioned black officer, known to the negroes as -“the General.” S. R. J.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> A negro servant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> Charles Snowden, C. S. A., afterwards an Episcopal -minister.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Lilla Snowden, daughter of Dr. P. G. Snowden.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> A negro servant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> The Rev. (Lt. Col.) Peter F. Stevens, C. S. A., rector, -Black Oak Church, afterwards Bishop, Reformed Episcopal Church.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> Miss Sallie Palmer, daughter of Dr. John Palmer.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> “John’s Run” plantation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> Edward J. Dennis, C. S. A., afterwards Senator from -Berkeley county.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> Hear the true cause of their spite was that when our army -was going to St. Stephens, a dying Confederate soldier from the islands -was carried to her house and died there. S. R. J.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Mrs. Kate C. Porcher.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> Mrs. Kate C. Porcher’s little son.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> Old Quash, a servant, head-man at Cedar Grove.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Dr. Henry Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> Tom Porcher’s place, next to Cassawda.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Mrs. Harriet (Charles J.) Snowden.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> This letter reached the old ladies in Walhalla a month -later from Connecticut. S. R. J.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Dr. Christopher G. White.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> “Edward J. Dennis belonged to Co. F. Sixth South Carolina -Cavalry, Col. Hugh K. Aiken. * * * When just out of his teens, while in -Virginia the latter part of 1864, took fever, and as soon as he could -travel was sent on sick furlough to his home at or near Pinopolis, then -in old Charleston District, now Berkeley County. About the time that the -City of Charleston was evacuated in 1865, Dennis had recovered, and not -knowing where his command was he gathered together a squad of six men -and operated on the Santee and Cooper rivers in old Charleston District. -He was a terror to the Yankee raiding parties who gave the people of the -section no end of trouble.” (From “Butler and Cavalry, 1861-1865,” by U. -R. Brooks, Columbia, S. C., 1909.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Miss Henrietta E. Ravenel, daughter of H. W. R.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> Miss Lydia S. Ravenel, daughter of H. W. R.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> Miss Charlotte Ravenel, daughter of H. W. R.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> Mrs. Wm. Ravenel of Woodlawn.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> Miss Annie Ravenel (of Tryon, N. C.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> Chelsea, plantation home of Dr. Morton Waring.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> The Rocks, plantation belonging to Mr. James Gaillard, -Jr.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> Somerset, plantation belonging to Mr. Wm. Cain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> The brothers Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> A negro servant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> Peter G. Snowden, M. D., C. S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> Edwin DuBose, son of Samuel DuBose of Harbin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> Henry W. Ravenel, the botanist of Aiken.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> N. Russell Middleton, LL. D., President, College of -Charleston.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> “One day Captain Pettus, the young Texan in command of our -scouts, came and told us that a raid had started from Charleston; a -negro brigade with white officers. They told us, to our horror, that -they had taken prisoner two gentlemen on their plantations in lower St. -John’s; one our friend Mr. Mazyck Porcher, and Mr. William Ravenel a -cousin of ours; and burned down Mr. Porcher’s house. * * * The next -thing we heard was that the plantation of “old Mr. James Gaillard,” had -been raided and the house almost destroyed. This was because, when the -troops arrived, they found two of the scouts riding away from the house -where they had been given breakfast. Mr. Gaillard was an old man and his -house was a veritable haven of refuge for women and children. One of the -granddaughters who lived with him had an infant of two or three weeks -old, and there were a number of others, old and young, homeless, -bereaved and afflicted women. One of the officers ordered them all to -leave the house. He stood on the steps using frightful language, as he -was in a towering rage on account of their sheltering “bushwhackers,” as -he called them. These women were courageous enough to refuse to leave -the house, knowing very well that it would be burned down if they did. -They all gathered on the piazza while the soldiers ripped off the doors, -tore off the shutters and threw furniture and china out of the windows; -even a melodeon.” -</p><p> -(From “Memories of a South Carolina Plantation During the War.” By -Elizabeth Allen Coxe, daughter of Charles Sinkler of Belvidere, pp. -40-41. Privately printed, Phila., 1912).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> Thomas P. Ravenel, Sr., C. S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> John Henry Porcher, Engineer Dept., C. S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> James L. Jervey, C. S. A., son of William, and brother of -the diarist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> Henry Wm. Ravenel, the botanist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Henry W. Ravenel, Jr., son of H. W. R.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> Mrs. Percival R. Porcher.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> Rene Ravenel, M. D.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> Henry Ravenel of Pooshee.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> Mrs. Henry L. Stevens.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> Emily G. Ravenel (Cain).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> William Jervey, Esq., of Charleston.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> Mrs. Rene Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> Miss Lydia Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> Edward Mazyck.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> Mrs. Thomas P. Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> Thomas P. Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> Mrs. Rene Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> Dr. Morton Waring, of Chelsea.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> Mrs. John S. White.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Miss H. E. Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> Arnold Harvey.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> Mrs. Jane E. DuBose.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> Miss Henrietta Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> Miss Lydia Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> It would appear that General Potter made an even less -favorable impression at Otranto, in St. James’, Goose Creek, the home of -Philip Johnstone Porcher. -</p><p> -“As it was then near midnight we decided to go to bed, and mother said -she would go down in the morning and request that a written protection -be furnished us, as this had been suggested by the quiet-looking -officer, our protector of the afternoon before. Therefore, as early as -possible she did so, but General Potter received her very shortly, and -only replied, ‘Your husband is in the Rebel army.’ She replied, ‘it was -our desire that he should leave us, and I am glad he is not here, for if -he had been I suppose he would have been shot.’ -</p><p> -“He replied, ‘you talk like a fool when you say that,’ and turned off; -when mother said, ‘If that is your opinion, I have the more need of -protection’.” -</p><p> -(From “Some War-Time Letters,” by Marion Johnstone (Porcher) Ford, in -“Life in the Confederate Army,” p. 113. Neale Publishing Co., N. Y. -1905.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> Wantoot was the original home settlement of the Ravenel -family in St. John’s, Berkeley.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> Rev. (afterwards Bishop) P. F. Stevens.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> Miss Marianne E. Porcher.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> Dr. Morton Waring (Chelsea.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> Mrs. Charles J. Snowden.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> Dr. Christopher G. White.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> Mrs. Richard Y. Dwight.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> Mrs. Robert Wilson.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> The St. John’s Hunting Club. (The Black Oak Club.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> Henry LeNoble Ravenel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> A band of negroes who had conspired to massacre the -whites.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> Gen’l Sam’l W. Ferguson, C. S. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> Mrs. Peter C. Gaillard.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> A negro under-overseer.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> “The Confederate scouts who formed our patrol and police -were wild and irresponsible men, although brave and honorable; their -captain, a son of Governor Pettus of Mississippi (<i>sic</i>), a youth of -nineteen. Except for them the country between us and Charleston after -its fall was at the mercy of bands of stragglers who burned and pillaged -recklessly in the lower neighborhood, but seldom came so far as our -plantations.” (p. 56). * * * * “At last the time came when our faithful -band of Confederate scouts were recalled. In fact, the war was over, and -I suppose they really had no longer any recognized position, but were -only bushwhackers; indeed, liable to be hung or shot if caught. -Therefore, it was determined to give them a farewell party at Mrs. -Palmer’s house Springfield—even if there were some risk in it—and -Deasey and I were invited to spend the night. I was quite pleased with -myself in a dress I had made out of an old pair of white window -curtains. There were about thirty scouts at the party, and their horses -were picketed close to the piazza; their guns stacked in the corners of -the large bare drawing-room, and they danced with their pistols stuck in -their top-boots which give them a very dashing look.” (P. 63). (From -Mrs. E. A. Coxe’s “Memories,” &c.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> See article by W. Mazyck Porcher in the (Charleston) -<i>Weekly News</i>, August 16, 1882.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_105_105" id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> Mrs. Edwin DuBose (Harbin.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> Pp. 69-70, “Record of the Service of the Fifty-fifth -Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Printed for the Regimental -Association, Cambridge Press of John Wilson & Son, July, 1868.” (Printed -for private circulation.)</p></div> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Two diaries From Middle St. John's, -Berkeley, South Carolina, by Susan Ravenel Jervey, Charlotte St Julien Ravenel -and Mary Rhodes Waring Henagan - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DIARIES *** - -***** This file should be named 51215-h.htm or 51215-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/1/2/1/51215/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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