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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7834e29 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #51088 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51088) diff --git a/old/51088-0.txt b/old/51088-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index dbeef1e..0000000 --- a/old/51088-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1242 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of the First United States Flag, by -J. Franklin Reigart - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The History of the First United States Flag - and the Patriotism of Betsy Ross the Immortal Heroine That - Originated the First Flag of the Union - -Author: J. Franklin Reigart - -Release Date: January 31, 2016 [EBook #51088] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST UNITED STATES FLAG *** - - - - -Produced by Emmy, MWS and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - -[Illustration: THE FIRST U.S. FLAG AND SEAL. - -MRS. BETSY ROSS THE AUTHOR.] - - - - - THE HISTORY - - OF THE - - FIRST UNITED STATES FLAG, - - AND THE PATRIOTISM OF - - BETSY ROSS, - - THE IMMORTAL HEROINE THAT ORIGINATED THE - - FIRST FLAG OF THE UNION. - - DEDICATED TO THE LADIES OF THE UNITED STATES. - - BY COL. J. FRANKLIN REIGART, - Author of the “Life of Robert Fulton.” - - HARRISBURG, PA. - LANE S. HART, PRINTER AND BINDER. - 1878. - - - - - Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by - LANE S. HART, - in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -IN 1824, when General Lafayette arrived at Philadelphia, and was nobly -welcomed as “The Nation’s Guest,” the writer of this book was staying -several weeks at the hospitable home of his amiable and kind relative, -Mrs. BETSY ROSS. The arrival of Lafayette excited and brightened her -extraordinary memory, as she very cheerfully entertained all her -friends, by relating the most interesting facts of the Revolution, -and its FLAG of Victory. Her words we well remember. She objected, -as a member of the society of “Friends,” to sit for her portrait, -nevertheless, a miniature of her in crayon was made, and is now highly -prized; and at this late day, we deem it our duty to publish the -true history of the origin of the first FLAG of our Country, and the -patriotism of America’s most illustrious Heroine. - - The BRAVEST of the brave demands our song, - Who made the FLAG so firm and strong, - Of all earth’s emblems the brightest diadem, - The FREEMEN’S shield, the PATRIOT’S gem. - -Listen to her thrilling, cheering voice, her soul-inspiring, martial -song, whilst a dozen of the ladies of her household joined in the -chorus, as she handed over each Flag to the gallant troops, on their -way to camp, and roused their enthusiasm to the highest pitch. The -ladies of the Revolution loved her for her magnanimous and modest -Quaker deportment, and the army of Washington applauded her dignified -admonitions, so full of patriotism and power of song. Quakers very -seldom sing, but BETSY ROSS always said, “_My voice shall be devoted -to God and my country, and whenever the spirit moves me, I’ll sing -and shout for liberty!_”—and with an enthusiasm for INDEPENDENCE, -exhibiting a spirit power, only to be equalled by absolute phrensy, she -waved her Flag aloft, and she did sing to the gallant volunteers, the - - -“WAR SONG OF INDEPENDENCE.” - - “Come on, my hearts of temper’d steel, - Away! away! to arms!! - No foreign slaves shall give us law, - No British tyrants reign; - ’Tis INDEPENDENCE makes us free, - And FREEDOM we’ll maintain. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - “A soldier is a gentleman, - His honor is his life, - And he that won’t stand by his FLAG, - Will ne’er stand by his WIFE. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - “Then hark! to arms! to arms!! to arms!!! - ’Tis the time that tries men’s souls! - The rising world shall sing of you, - A THOUSAND YEARS to come, - And to your children’s children TELL - The WONDERS you have done. - When to conquest you did go! did go! did go! - With the red, white and blue, - To conquest you did go.” - -Many inspired songs (after the close of the war for American -Independence) were carried home by Gen. Lafayette, (the companion -of Washington,) Rochambeau, and many of the French engineers and -soldiers, on their return to France, having proved their chivalry and -united their hearts, blood, songs and arms with Americans, for the -liberties of America; and, but for the “WAR SONG” of BETSY ROSS, the -“Marseillaise Hymn” would not have been written by Rouget de Lille, a -French officer of engineers, in 1791. Marshal Luckner commanded the -French Revolutionary army at that time on their march from Marseilles -to Paris; that whole army became phrensied by the words of the “WAR -SONGS” of American Independence, that they had helped to gain, and -Rouget de Lille caught the inspiratory words, “_And hark, away to -arms! to conquest we will go!_” and quickly composed the song that -he entitled the “_Chant de Guerre de l’ Armée du Rhin_,” the “War -Song of the Army of the Rhine,” which the Parisians, some years -afterwards, named the “_Hymne des Marseillaise_.” Thus the “_War -Song of Independence_” became combined, in word and spirit, in the -“_Marseillaise Hymn_,” and has ever since enlivened the march of the -armies of France to conquest and played an important part in the -revolutions, not only of France, but of other Continental States. - -In 1870, William J. Canby, Esq., (the grandson of Mrs. John Ross,) of -Philadelphia, read before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, a -very interesting paper on the subject of the “Centennial Anniversary of -the American Flag,” in which he stated that his maternal grandmother, -“Betsy Ross,” was the first maker of the “Stars and Stripes.” She lived -in Arch street at the time, and continued in the business of making -Flags for many years. - -[Illustration] - - - - -MRS. BETSY ROSS, - -THE AUTHOR OF THE FLAG AND SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES. - - -MISS ELIZABETH GRISCOM was born 1742, in Philadelphia, and was -married in 1762 to Mr. John Ross, a merchant of that city. She was a -strict member of The Society of Friends, and by them always called -“BETSY ROSS.” She was unsurpassed in fine needlework, and well known -throughout Philadelphia and New York cities as the most artistic -upholstress in America. She used the most superior, richest and finest -of imported embroidered velvets, satins, silks and woolens, that were -brought to this country by the packet ships of Caleb and Thomas Cope, -Boyd & Reed, and John Ross, agreeably to her express orders; and she -had a dozen or more of her sisters, daughters and nieces constantly -employed sewing and finishing variegated needlework, in the very best -manner, as she directed them; and thus no other upholsterer could -possibly compete with her. She was a natural artist, an inventive -genius, who fully understood the best effects of complimentary colors, -and the grandeur of the primary colors; yet, strange as it may appear, -though one of the plainest of “QUAKERS,” she invariably used cloths -of the very _brightest_, and in every instance the _primary colors -combined, so as to be distinguished from all other objects_, and she -quickly judged and comprehended the styles that would best please her -customers. Her brilliant draperies and tri-colored curtains, in the -public halls, hotel parlors, and drawing rooms, were greatly admired; -whilst General Washington, General Hand, Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, -Jared Ingersoll, J. Koch, Gouveneur Morris, Robert Morris, Judge James -Wilson, Frederick A. Muhlenberg, Joseph Wilson, Caleb and Thomas Cope, -Thomas Wilson, Timothy Matlack, James Trimble, and William Shippen, -are some of the names on her store-books, as her generous and kind -friends and patrons, whose heirs still possess beautiful curtains and -magnificent quilts of variegated silks and satins, unsurpassed, at this -day, for beauty of utility, justness of composition, that none but a -perfect artist could produce; and the constant use of materials of -primary colors were her praise, excellence, and fame. - -Colonel George Ross, (a member of the Continental Congress,) and -James Trimble, (afterwards Deputy Secretary of Pennsylvania,) were -her brothers-in-law, and through their suggestions, she adorned, with -drapery, the Hall of Congress, and the Governor’s reception room. Her -upholstery in the ladies’ cabins and state rooms of Caleb and Thomas -Cope’s packet ships was unrivalled and not equalled by the state rooms -of the European packets; whilst from the topmasts of Cope’s packets, -her waving red, white, and blue STREAMERS made glad the travelers -of the seas, several years before the Revolution of 1776. Some of -the theatres and public halls of Philadelphia were embellished and -decorated with curtains of white, mazarine, and scarlet velvets and -silks in waves, festoons, and pendents, and in many instances the -curtains were embroidered with gold and silver figures of vines, -leaves, and _stars_ that glittered with superb brilliancy, whilst the -curtains were invariably supported by a golden spread eagle, with -lightning darts in its talons and a silvery olive branch in its beak; -and these were the original and wonderful _handiwork_ of Betsy Ross. -She could not think of or invent anything _brighter or more graceful_ -than her most celebrated gay and glittering primary colored _curtains_, -spangled with stars and supported by a golden eagle, that already -ornamented and adorned the interior of the chief HALLS of the land. -They were her daily delight and divinely brilliant dreams by night. -With her _scissors_ she cut the form of a small shield, upon which -she sewed five-pointed stars and tri-colored stripes, in imitation of -General Washington’s coat-of-arms, which embraced stars and pales upon -his escutcheon; this shield she fastened upon the eagle’s breast; and, -inspired with one bright thought, she seized her meritorious daily -work, flung it to the breeze, hung it “UPON THE OUTER WALLS,” and the -Freemen of Columbia cheered, and hailed it “THE FLAG OF THE UNION!” And -that one independent FLING made all the people KING! - -At the request of Dr. Franklin, Mr. Robert Morris and Col. George Ross, -she designed and made the first FLAG of the United States, consisting -of thirteen red and white stripes, a blue field as a square, on the -left and upper corner, and upon the blue field was a spread eagle, with -thirteen stars, in a circle of rays of glory, surrounding its head, -and the United States SEAL was afterwards made from the same design -of the United States Flag, viz: A red, white and blue shield on the -breast of an American Eagle, holding in its talons an olive branch and -thirteen arrows; in its beak a scroll inscribed with this motto, “_E -Pluribus Unum_,” and above its head thirteen stars arranged in a circle -of glory. These designs were approved and adopted by the Committee -and Congress, and they were made before the words “United States of -America,” were legally used. The country was called “Columbia,” the -Congress was styled the “Continental Congress,” the States were called -“Colonies,”; every petition sent to the King of Great Britain, and -every public document, were issued by “The North American Colonies;” -our Country _had no name_ until BETSY ROSS marked upon her Flags, -“THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.” Dr. Franklin, John Adams and Thomas -Jefferson had been appointed (December, 1775, by Congress, a Secret -Committee) to prepare a FLAG, and a device for a SEAL for the Colonies, -and Dr. Rittenhouse was requested by the Committee, to engrave the -Seal corresponding with the eagle on the Flag. - -On the 4th day of July, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was -finished and signed, and the Rev. Dr. Duché, Chaplain of Congress, had -offered up his celebrated “_Prayer of Independence_,” the STAR SPANGLED -BANNER was unfurled, and emblazoned the Hall of Independence, and hung -around the spire of the Old State House Bell, as it sounded its tones -of warning beyond the city limits, re-echoed across the Delaware, and -proclaimed the liberty of the land, amidst the thundering shouts of -Freemen, the roaring of cannons, musketry, firearms, and bonfires; -then the Secret Committee, Franklin, Jefferson and Adams, was publicly -announced by the President of Congress, and the SEAL (already made) of -the “_United Colonies_,” was used that day. Aye! the Flags waved, the -Seal was engraved, and the thirteen “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” were -saved. - -The Flag was afterwards adopted by Congress, June 14, 1777, and -September 15, 1789, they passed the act, that “The SEAL heretofore used -by the ‘UNITED COLONIES’ in Congress assembled, shall be the SEAL of -the ‘UNITED STATES;’” and for his beautiful workmanship in engraving -that seal, Dr. Rittenhouse was honored with the appointment of Director -of the United States Mint; and Franklin styled Rittenhouse, “the Newton -of America.” - -Mrs. Ross also engaged Mr. George Barrett, (of Cherry near Third -street, Philadelphia,) an ornamental painter, and accomplished artist, -to paint upon the blue fields of one dozen silk Flags, a gilded -bald-headed spread eagle, with thirteen silvered stars encircling its -head in rays of glory, which were executed in the finest artistic -style, for the use of Congress and General Washington’s army; they -were always much admired, and daily used until worn out; and, Betsy -Ross also directed Mr. Barrett to ornament the army drums with the -same design of the eagle and thirteen stars, and the letters “United -States of America,” that gave great delight and spirit to the drummers, -to such an extent that Mr. Barrett was kept busy ornamenting flags, -flagstaffs, and drums for Washington’s army. The committee of Congress -were so much pleased with the design of the eagle and thirteen stars -that they concluded to adopt and use it for the “NATIONAL SEAL” -exclusively; but, Betsy Ross, Col. George Ross, and Lieut. Paul Jones -earnestly protested against despoiling the Flag by leaving out and -omitting the eagle, and declared that the Army might, if they choose, -have the stars only, but as for the Navy they would never give up the -BALD EAGLE, the conquerer of all birds, belonging only to America; -and from that day to this the bald eagle of America spreads its wings -upon the Flags of the United States Revenue vessels as the emblem of -freedom, independence, liberty, power, empire, and victory. - -From that time our beautiful Flag was composed of thirteen stars and -stripes. The red stripes were emblematic of fervency and zeal; the -white, of integrity and purity; the blue field with stars, of unity, -power, and glory. The number thirteen was symbolical of the thirteen -colonial states, that severed their allegiance from the sovereignty -of Great Britain, and declared, in 1776, that they were free and -independent powers. - -The size of the Flag of the army is six feet six inches in length, by -four feet four inches in width, with seven red and six white stripes. -The first seven stripes, (four red and three white,) bound the square -of the blue field for the stars, the stripes extending from the -extremity of the field to the end of the Flag. The eighth stripe is -white, extending partly at the base of the field. - -According to the act of Congress, April 4, 1818, on the admission of -every new State into the Union, a star was to be added to the galaxy of -the most brilliant Banner of earth. - -Mrs. Betsy Ross put all her household to work in earnest, and the -“FLAGS,” made of silk and bunting, were not only admired, but -afterwards approved and adopted by the committee of Congress. General -George Washington, Dr. Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson, -frequently visited her store, to see what progress she was making, -and were not only pleased, but expressed their astonishment at her -dexterity and judgment, and in the most flattering terms complimented -her for her remarkable skill with the SCISSORS, as she folded a piece -of white silk and with one cut formed the beautiful five-pointed star. - -Mrs. Ross, by order of the Government, continued making the army and -navy Flags of the United States for upwards of fifty-five years, -and after her death, in 1832, her daughter, Mrs. Clarissa S. Wilson -continued the business, and they became generally and widely known -as the most patriotic ladies of America. After the death of Mr. John -Ross, she was married to Mr. John Claypoole, the grandson of Sir John -Claypoole, the grandson of Oliver Cromwell, who came to Philadelphia -with William Penn. She afterwards moved from Arch near Third street, to -Second street near Dock, where she resided until her death, at the good -old age of four score years and ten. - -Mrs. Betsy Ross was of medium height, strong in form, but remarkably -graceful and erect; she had a handsome face, a very fair transparent -complexion, projecting eyebrows, blue sparkling eyes, and light brown -hair. She was a perfect “FRIEND” in all her speech and movements; -possessed of the most refined sprightly intellect and polished -education; in fact she was well known throughout the whole of -Philadelphia city, as a “_sharp, thorough going woman_.” FIRST in -Friends’ Meeting, where the spirit moved her to speak and to act; FIRST -amidst the Daughters of Benevolence, furnishing clothing and lint for -the Continental troops, scattering printed patriotic songs and appeals -amongst them; and FIRST and most effective in her attentions to the -sick. She was, in truth, what her friends styled her, “A Healing -Medium,”—but respected and esteemed by all the physicians and surgeons -of Philadelphia, as “_the true Friend of the sick_,” for when her hand -touched and bathed the burning fevered brow of the sick soldier, he -knew that he had one friend, and that friend was a true one. Whenever -she entered the sick chamber, she saturated her handkerchief with -vinegar, (that she carried in a phial in her pocket, as a precaution -against contagion,) and after wiping her forehead, lips and hands, -she quietly approached the bedside of the afflicted invalid, and -placing her hand upon his forehead, she would whisper these words, -“_In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ I pray that your health may -be restored_,” and then she would administer the medicines and -restoratives as directed by the visiting physicians; and her angelic -nature, purer than that of Jeanne Dare, was the powerful agency of -health. She was the worthiest Heroine of the Revolution. - -During the frightful devastation caused by the yellow fever in 1793, -Mrs. Betsy Ross was most active in alleviating the terrible miseries -of that epidemic. Moved with sorrow at the sufferings of others, she -carried not only her own life in her hands, but medicines to relieve -the sick and dying. Day and night she ceased not; whilst her angelic -visits were cheered with success. Her personal perfections irresistably -commanded the admiration and love of the sick and afflicted to such a -degree, that the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush, styled her the “Magical -Quakeress.” They who would not now honor, esteem, and love the name -of Betsy Ross do not deserve to enjoy the protection of the glorious -starry Flag of the Union, in the land of the free and home of the -brave, or in any land upon earth where the Flag of the Union waves. Her -biography will ornament the brightest pages of our country’s history, -and her STATUE, surrounded by a group of her daughters and nieces, -cutting, sewing and making the “Star Spangled Banners,” must soon -grace the Capitol of our nation, and the patriotic Ladies of America -will design, erect, and pay for it. Yes, the friend of Washington, -Franklin, Adams, Jefferson, Morris, Jones, Rittenhouse, Ross, the -immutable friend of Liberty, and of the soldiers of the Independence of -1776, will forever live in the hearts of all freemen. - - - - -JOHN PAUL JONES, - -WITH THE FIRST U. S. FLAG, ESTABLISHING THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. - - -PAUL JONES, the bravest of Naval Commanders, was born at Selkirk, -Scotland, 1730, and came to America about 1770, to fight the battles -of Liberty and Independence. He was styled “The Washington of the -Seas,” “The deadliest foe of Cowards.” Lieutenant Paul Jones and Mrs. -Elizabeth Ross, of Philadelphia, became intimate friends and neighbors, -well known as the most zealous patriots in the cause of Independence, -doing battle against tyrants and oppressors, and Thomas Jefferson, Dr. -Franklin, John Adams, Dr. Rittenhouse and Robert Morris were their -truest and most steadfast friends and patrons. Mrs. Ross designed and -made the Flag that Lieutenant Jones hoisted upon the Flagship of War, -in the Delaware bay. During the month of December, 1775, by the request -and explicit orders of Dr. Franklin, Col. George Ross and Robert -Morris, the three members of a Secret Committee of Congress, Lieutenant -Jones was supplied with one of Mrs. Ross’ first and best Flags, the red -white and blue emblem of Liberty, for which Congress paid. Afterward, -for Jones’ brave honoring of that Flag, Congress awarded him $25,000 -and a golden medal, and he was further complimented by an invitation -to Paris, where the cross of military merit and a sword of honor were -presented to him by the King of France, at the written request of our -Congress, for his dauntless courage and his triumphant victory as the -Captain of the “RICHARD,” with the first Flag of the Union, over the -British Flag of the “SERAPIS.” - -In January 1776, the following vessels were fitted out. - -The “ALFRED,” of thirty guns and three hundred men, Dudley Saltonstall, -Captain, bearing the Pine Tree Flag, presented by the colony of -Connecticut. - -The “COLUMBUS,” of twenty-eight guns and three hundred men, Abraham -Whipple, Captain, bearing the Flag of the Red Cross of Saint George, -presented by the Colony of Vermont. - -The “ANDREW DORIA,” of eighteen guns and two hundred men, Nicholas -Biddle, Captain, bearing the Flag of the White Cross of Saint Andrew, -presented by the Philadelphians. - -The “CABOT,” of fourteen guns and two hundred men, John W. Hopkins, -Captain, bearing the Pine Tree white silk Flag from Connecticut. - -The “PROVIDENCE,” of twelve guns, bearing the Flag with the Cross of -Saint Andrew, presented by Rhode Island. - -The “HORNET,” of fourteen guns, bearing the yellow silk Flag of -Virginia, with Rattlesnake. - -The “WASP,” eight guns, bearing the yellow silk Flag of South Carolina, -with a Crescent, a Beaver and a Rattlesnake, with the motto, “Don’t -tread on me.” - -The Dispatch vessel “FLY,” bearing a blue Flag with Red Cross of Saint -George. - -E. HOPKINS, was Commander-in-chief of the fleet, and JOHN PAUL -JONES first lieutenant. JONES was offered the command of the sloop -“PROVIDENCE,” which he declined, declaring that he preferred to -be “CHEVALIER BANNARET,” to hoist and carry the bald eagle, with -glittering stars and stripes, on the flagship “ALFRED,” and when the -Commander-in-chief, E. Hopkins, came on board of her, January 1, 1776, -Jones hoisted the American Union Flag, with his own hands, which was -the first time it was ever displayed on a man-of-war, and waving his -navy cap swiftly overhead, shouted “THREE CHEERS FOR THE RED, WHITE AND -BLUE! THE HAUGHTIEST OF MONARCHS SHALL BOW BEFORE THAT FLAG!!!” “Again, -THREE CHEERS FOR OUR COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AND THE AMERICAN NAVY!!!” And -thus he boldly evinced his lofty and chivalrous character, bravely -assuming the responsibility, and his achievement of glorious deeds -aided in the recognition of our INDEPENDENCE. - -On the 14th day of February, 1778, the United States Flag was, for the -first time, recognized in the fullest and completest manner by the Flag -of France. Lieutenant Paul Jones, on board the brig “INDEPENDENCE,” -at the entrance of Quiberon bay, sailed through the French fleet, -commanded by Admiral La Motte Piquet, (who was keeping the coast of -France clear of British cruisers,) and our NATIONAL EMBLEM was most -courteously complimented and saluted by nine guns. The American Flag -was first carried around the world in 1789, by the “COLUMBIA,” Captain -Gray, of Boston, AND SALUTED IN EVERY PORT. - - - - -THE COLONY REBEL FLAGS. - - -PRIOR to July 4th, 1776, various kinds of Flags were used. Mr. -Endicott, Puritan Governor, aided in a religious crusade against the -cross of St. George; he cut the cross from the Flag flying at Salem, -and was tried for treason, but escaped on the ground that his act was -not actuated by treasonable motives, but religious zeal. - -About the first of January, 1776, the immortal Washington unfurled -his Flag in compliment to the United Colonies, but it was so nearly -like the British Flag, that the Bunker Hill patriots objected to it, -because it was a blue Flag with the St. George and St. Andrew’s crosses -combined; too much like the Flag of the Britons. Nearly every regiment -had its own colony Flag. All sorts of devices, corresponding with the -variegated coats of the Continental troops, or militia, scarcely two -alike. They were styled “Colony Rebel Flags;” still, the “Colony Rebel -Flags” were all used as rallying Flags, until they were eclipsed by the -starry Flag, called “The Appeal to Heaven,”—“The Star Spangled Banner.” - - - - -WASHINGTON’S ORDER, - -FOR “THE FLAG OF THE UNION.” - - -TO General Putnam, desiring him in the most pressing terms, to -give _positive orders_ to all the Colonels to have “Union Colors” -immediately completed for their respective regiments; and Colonel -Kitzema received the two first regimental silk “stars and stripes” from -the secret committee of Congress, through General Putnam, and Colonel -Curtenieus; whilst the brilliant Banner of the Union floated from the -top of Washington’s headquarters in New York City. - -The real truth was, that previous to the “Declaration of Independence,” -the leaders of our armies, the Governors of the thirteen colonies, and -the Continental Congress were afraid to publicly unfurl an INDEPENDENT -UNION FLAG; even Washington’s combined crosses were discountenanced, -disapproved of, and treated with indifference; but, the boldness of -Colonel George Ross and John Ross, with the dashing, daring seamanship -of PAUL JONES, the firm patriotism, industry, and energy of that -devoted friend of Independence, the IMMORTAL BETSY ROSS, who forced the -“Flag of Liberty” forward, as true patriots of America, bid defiance -to all Tory opposition, and flaunted the Stars and Stripes from the -highest pinnacles of our land, the “UNION STANDARD,” that was never -styled a “REBEL FLAG,” or Flag of any single Colony or State, but was -styled “THE APPEAL TO HEAVEN,” made the cherished Flag of Independence, -the triumphant Flag of Earth! - - - - -THE RATTLESNAKE FLAG, - -OF 1775, THAT CHARMED AND INCITED THE TROOPS OF VIRGINIA TO ACTION. - - -THE Flag of Virginia was a rattlesnake with blue tongue forked like -lightning, and with thirteen rattles, looking like a fierce Anaconda -coiled, but with head and tail up, painted on white silk, having the -motto, “Don’t tread on me!” It was considered as an emblem of wisdom, -and of endless duration as a representative of America, an animal found -in no other part of the world. The eye of this creature excels in -brightness that of any other animal; it has no eyelids and is therefore -an emblem of vigilance. It never begins an attack nor ever surrenders, -it is therefore an emblem of magnanimity and true courage. It never -wounds until it has given notice to its enemies of their danger. Its -wounds, however small, are decisive and fatal. The power of fascination -attributed to it resembles America. Those who look steadily in its -eyes are delighted, and involuntarily advance toward, and having once -approached it, never leave it. - - - - -THE FLAG AT YORKTOWN. - - -AT the battle of Yorktown, October 19, 1781, the French troops -triumphantly carried our American Stars and Stripes, with the spread -eagle on the blue field, for the eagle was their adoration, and they -stormed the redoubts, led on by the chivalric and heroic Generals -Muhlenberg and Lafayette, who immediately hoisted that Flag upon the -turret of the fortifications. The instant that Lord Cornwallis spied -it, he was terror stricken. The waving of that Flag compelled him to -surrender; for that Flag was the proclamation of Victory! and IT ended -the war in a blaze of glory. - - - - -THE FLAG WITH ITS MESSAGE. - - -WHEREVER the Flag of Betsy Ross went, it waved majestically and above -suspicion; no temptation or opposition could deter it, for her godly -prayer went with it, and upon every Flag she forwarded, she pinned -her printed message, viz: “EVERY MAN THAT IS AGAINST THIS FLAG IS A -TRAITOR.” Aye! where the battle was the hottest, and amidst the hail of -fire where the bullets fell the fastest and thickest, that Flag cheered -the wounded and dying patriots to shout “FIGHT ON! FIGHT ON! FIGHT ON!” -And when the brave Commander Lawrence saw that the Flag on his Frigate -still waved, though wounded and dying, he cried out, in these immortal -words, “Don’t give up the ship!” - -On the 28th of June, 1776, the British Fleet and Army of Sir Henry -Clinton commenced their furious “Attack on Fort Moultrie,” but, one -circumstance serves to illustrate the daring, enthusiastic courage and -love for the Flag of Independence which pervaded the American Troops. -In the course of the engagement, the Flag staff of the Fort was shot -away, followed by peals of derision from the minions of the Fleet, -but Sergeant JASPER leaped down upon the beach, snatched up the Flag, -fastened it to a sponge-staff, and while the ships were incessantly -directing their broadsides upon the Fort, he mounted the merlon and -deliberately replaced the Flag, shouting “IT STILL FLIES!” That -warrior’s shout was echoed by the Garrison, and suddenly checked Sir -Henry’s derision. The British Fleet and Army were greatly mortified -by the _flying Stars and Stripes_, and were terribly repulsed by the -brave defence of Fort Moultrie, whilst the whole Garrison were fiercely -echoing and re-echoing the shout—“IT STILL FLIES!!” The news of this -undaunted intrepidity and exulting victory spread throughout the -continent, and Sergeant JASPER was honorably promoted by Congress for -his unparalleled heroism. Yes, thank God, our Flag “IT STILL FLIES,” -and never can be conquered. - - - - -THE CENTENNIAL FLAG. - - -AT the Centennial Celebration and World’s Exhibition at the city of -Philadelphia, 1876, “THE FLAGS OF ALL NATIONS” waved from the highest -pinnacles, but the flashing, glittering “STAR SPANGLED BANNER” far -outshone them all; like a mighty _flame of Liberty_ flying through -the skies, it blazed and waved, streamed and flew as the victorious -Starry Banner of the Firmament, proclaiming by its expanding, snapping, -cracking, sharper, louder sounds, the establishment of Freedom, -Liberty, Independence, and the Union of the World! whilst in every -house its graceful folds protected each and all in their own religious, -family worship; the household Idol of Peace that ever and anon, -silently wafted every daily prayer and song of praise, to the God of -our Fathers, the true and holy Creator of the Universe. - - - - -PATRIOTIC SONGS. - - -THE following are copies of some of the printed SONGS and APPEALS that -BETSY ROSS circulated and distributed with her own hands in the streets -of Philadelphia, and from the front door of her Flag store and depot, -to the troops on their way to Washington’s camp: - - -THE GALLANT VOLUNTEER OF 1776. - - “Come on, my hearts of temper’d steel, - And leave your girls and farms, - Your sports, and plays, and holidays, - And hark, away to arms! - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the flag of the brave, - To conquest we will go. - - A soldier is a gentleman, - His honor is his life, - And he that won’t stand by his flag, - Will ne’er stand by his wife. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - For love and honor are the same, - Or else so ne’er ally’d, - That neither can exist alone, - But flourish side by side. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - So fare you well sweethearts awhile, - You smiling girls adieu, - Ye made this starry flag divine, - We’ll kiss it out with you. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - The sun is up, our banner shines, - The hills are green and gay, - And all inviting honor calls, - Away! my boys, away! - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - In shady tents by cooling streams, - With hearts all firm and free, - _We’ll shout the freedom of the land, - In songs of liberty_! - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - No foreign slaves shall give us law, - No British tyrants reign, - ’Tis INDEPENDENCE made us free, - And FREEDOM we’ll maintain. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - We’ll charge the foe from post to post, - Attack their works and lines, - And with the stars and stripes aloft, - We’ll capture their Burgoynes. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go. - - And when the war is over, boys, - Then down we’ll sit at ease, - Protected by the freemen’s flag, - And live just as we please. - When from conquest we shall go! shall go! shall go! - With the red, white, and blue, - From conquest we shall go. - - Each hearty lad shall take his lass, - All beaming like a star, - And in her softer arms forget, - The dangers of the war. - When to conquest we did go! did go! did go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we did go. - - THE RISING WORLD SHALL SING OF US, - A THOUSAND YEARS TO COME, - AND TO THEIR CHILDREN’S CHILDREN TELL - THE WONDERS WE HAVE DONE. - When to conquest we did go! did go! did go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we did go. - - So honest fellows here’s my hand, - My heart, my very soul, - With all the joys of Liberty, - Good fortune and a bowl. - And to conquest we will go! will go! will go! - With the red, white, and blue, - To conquest we will go.” - - - - -STIRRING APPEALS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY. - - -“My lads, you say you are going to fight for LIBERTY! these are words -in everybody’s mouth, but few understand their real meaning. LIBERTY -is not a power to do what we please and have what we desire; this may -be the Liberty of a wolf or of a beast of prey, but is not the Liberty -of a man considered as a member of society. TRUE LIBERTY is the being -governed by laws of our own making; the inhabitants of every country -to choose persons from amongst themselves, in whom they can confide; -which persons so elected shall make laws to bind the whole. True -CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY is the LIBERTY for which we are now contending, -and may God in his blessings grant this to us all. - -“Now, the King of England, has sent over fleets and armies to compel -us to give up this invaluable privilege into his hands; but with the -blessings of God, we will maintain it against him and all the world, so -long as we have a man left to fire a musket. Let our constant prayer be -GOD and LIBERTY. - -“Our Congress have hitherto conducted us with wisdom and integrity, -and although in some instances it may be thought they might have -managed better than they have done, yet they have piloted us in safety -through a tempestuous ocean, to the present period; and so God save the -AMERICAN CONGRESS!” - - - - -WASHINGTON, THE IDOL OF AMERICA. - - -“My lads, I would speak a few words of the GENERAL and his ARMY, now -encamped on the banks of the Schuylkill, enduring all the hardships of -their homely situation with cheerful patience; and what is it think -you blunts the keen edge of the northern winds, and makes content -smile on the tops of frozen hills? I will tell you, it is the love of -that “LIBERTY” I have sat before you, it is the consciousness of the -justice of our cause. I suppose when you think of our incomparable -GENERAL WASHINGTON, you figure to yourselves a stout, bulky man, of a -terrible countenance, covered with gold lace, living in a magnificent -house and having a great train of attendants around him. You are quite -mistaken; he neither has nor needs any external ornaments. Would you -hang farthing candles around the Sun to increase his lustre? His glory -will admit of no addition. Your GENERAL is a plain man, plain in his -dress and frugal at his board; yet a native dignity will command your -respect, and the affability of his manners win your love. He is brave -without ostentation; magnificent without pomp; and accomplished without -pride. He is an honor to the human race and the Idol of America. And so -God save GENERAL WASHINGTON and his ARMY.” - - - - -THE IMMORTAL FRANCIS S. KEY. - - -ON the night of September 15, 1814, whilst the British fleet, under the -command of the English Admiral Cochrane, were bombarding Fort M’Henry, -at the city of Baltimore, FRANCIS S. KEY, was divinely inspired with -the sublime sight of the glorious Banner of the Union still waving over -the Fort, and a thousand times reflected, multiplying and increasing -in splendor, in every stream of fire throughout the skies, every -glare meeting every leaping wave of the billowy Chesapeake Bay, the -heavens and waters together joined, each wave glaring with new admired -light; but, when the Fort resisted all the efforts of the British -ships-of-war, and forced the Admiral to retire, amidst the joyous -exultation, the great shouts of the countless hosts of freemen, “_Sing -ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously!_” “_The Flag of -the Union still triumphs!_” Who? Oh! Who can imagine the feelings of -Francis S. Key, as o’er his head the flying bombs sang terribly, spent -their force in air, and roused all the internal powers of his poetic -spirit, his inspired soul to sing still louder? - - “Oh! say can you see by the dawn’s early light, - What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last gleaming; - Whose broad stripes and bright stars thro’ the perilous fight, - O’er the ramparts we watch’d were so gallantly streaming? - And the rockets red glare, and bombs bursting in air, - Gave proof thro’ the night that our Flag was still there. - Oh! say does that star spangled banner yet wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? - - CHORUS—Oh! say, does the star spangled banner yet wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? - - On the shore dimly seen thro’ the midst of the deep, - Where the foe’s haughty host in dread silence reposes; - What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, - As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? - Now, it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, - In full glory reflected now shines in the stream; - ’Tis the star spangled banner, oh! long may it wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave. - - CHORUS—Oh! say, does the star spangled banner yet wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? - - And where is that band who so vauntingly swore, - ’Mid the havoc of war and the battle’s confusion, - A home and a country they’d leave us no more? - Their blood has wash’d out their foul footsteps’ pollution. - No refuge could save the hireling and slave, - From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave; - And the star spangled banner in triumph doth wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave. - - CHORUS—Oh! say, does the star spangled banner yet wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? - - Oh! thus be it ever when freemen shall stand, - Between their loved home and the war’s desolation; - Blest with victory and peace, may the heaven rescued land, - Praise the Power that made and preserved us a nation. - Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, - And this be our motto, “IN GOD IS OUR TRUST;” - And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave. - - CHORUS—And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave, - O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.” - - * * * * * - -Transcriber’s Note: Obvious punctuation errors repaired. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of the First United States -Flag, by J. 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Franklin Reigart. - </title> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2,h3 { - text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ - clear: both; -} - .faux { - font-size: 0.5em; /*this font size could be anything */ - visibility: hidden;} - -p { - margin-top: .75em; - text-align: justify; - text-indent: 1.25em; - margin-bottom: .75em; -} - - - .maintitle {font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0;} - .copyright {text-align: center; font-size: 70%; text-indent: 0;} - .small {font-size: 70%;} - .smaller {font-size: 60%;} - .vsmall {font-size: 40%;} - div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} - - - img {border: 0;} - .tnote {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; - padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; text-indent: 0; text-align: center;} - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; - clear: both; -} - -hr.chap {width: 65%} -hr.full {width: 95%;} - - -/* Poetry */ -.poetry-container -{ - text-align: center; -} - -.poetry -{ - display: inline-block; - text-align: left; -} - -.poetry .stanza -{ - margin: 1em auto; -} - -.poetry .verse -{ - text-indent: -3em; - padding-left: 3em; -} - - - -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; -} - - - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - text-indent: 0;} /* page numbers */ - - -.center {text-align: center; text-indent: 0;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -/* Images */ -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; -} - -img.drop-cap -{ - float: left; - margin: 0 0.5em 0 0; -} -.drop-capi { - text-indent: 0em; text-align: justify; -} -.drop-capi:first-letter -{ - color: transparent; - visibility: hidden; - margin-left: -0.9em; -} - -@media handheld -{ - .chapter - { - page-break-before: always; - } - - h2.no-break - { - page-break-before: avoid; - padding-top: 0; - } - - .poetry - { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; - } - .drop-cap:first-letter - { - float: none; - margin: 0; - font-size: 100%; - } - - img.drop-cap - { - display: none; - } - - .drop-cap:first-letter - { - color: inherit; - visibility: visible; - margin-left: 0; - } - -} - - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of the First United States Flag, by -J. Franklin Reigart - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The History of the First United States Flag - and the Patriotism of Betsy Ross the Immortal Heroine That - Originated the First Flag of the Union - -Author: J. Franklin Reigart - -Release Date: January 31, 2016 [EBook #51088] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST UNITED STATES FLAG *** - - - - -Produced by Emmy, MWS and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<h1 class="faux">The History of the First United States Flag</h1> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 596px;"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="596" height="800" alt="Cover: History of the First United States Flag" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - - - - - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 421px;"> -<img src="images/i-001.jpg" width="421" height="600" alt="THE FIRST U.S. FLAG AND SEAL. >Mrs. BETSY ROSS the AUTHOR." /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> - - - - -<div class="maintitle"> -THE HISTORY<br /> -<br /> -<span class="vsmall">OF THE</span><br /> -<br /> -<big>FIRST UNITED STATES FLAG,</big><br /> -<br /> -<span class="vsmall">AND THE PATRIOTISM OF</span><br /> -<br /> -BETSY ROSS,<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">THE IMMORTAL HEROINE THAT ORIGINATED THE</span><br /> -<br /> -FIRST FLAG OF THE UNION.</div> - -<div class="center"><br /><br /><br />———————————<br /> -<span class="small">DEDICATED TO THE LADIES OF THE UNITED STATES.</span><br /> -———————————<br /><br /><br /><br /> -<span class="smcap">By Col. J. Franklin Reigart</span>,<br /> -<span class="smaller">Author of the “Life of Robert Fulton.”</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">HARRISBURG, PA.</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">LANE S. HART, PRINTER AND BINDER.</span><br /> -<span class="small">1878.</span><br /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></p> - - - - -<div class="copyright">———————————<br /> -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by<br /> -LANE S. HART,<br /> -in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.<br />———————————<br /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>PREFACE.</h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-i.jpg" width="59" height="58" alt="I" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">IN 1824, when General Lafayette arrived at Philadelphia, and -was nobly welcomed as “The Nation’s Guest,” the writer -of this book was staying several weeks at the hospitable -home of his amiable and kind relative, Mrs. <span class="smcap">Betsy Ross</span>. The arrival -of Lafayette excited and brightened her extraordinary memory, as -she very cheerfully entertained all her friends, by relating the most -interesting facts of the Revolution, and its <span class="smcap">Flag</span> of Victory. Her -words we well remember. She objected, as a member of the society -of “Friends,” to sit for her portrait, nevertheless, a miniature of her -in crayon was made, and is now highly prized; and at this late day, -we deem it our duty to publish the true history of the origin of the -first <span class="smcap">Flag</span> of our Country, and the patriotism of America’s most illustrious -Heroine.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> - <div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">The BRAVEST of the brave demands our song,</div> -<div class="verse">Who made the <span class="smcap">Flag</span> so firm and strong,</div> -<div class="verse">Of all earth’s emblems the brightest diadem,</div> -<div class="verse">The <span class="smcap">Freemen’s</span> shield, the <span class="smcap">Patriot’s</span> gem.</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Listen to her thrilling, cheering voice, her soul-inspiring, martial -song, whilst a dozen of the ladies of her household joined in the chorus, -as she handed over each Flag to the gallant troops, on their way to -camp, and roused their enthusiasm to the highest pitch. The ladies -of the Revolution loved her for her magnanimous and modest Quaker -deportment, and the army of Washington applauded her dignified -admonitions, so full of patriotism and power of song. Quakers very<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span> -seldom sing, but <span class="smcap">Betsy Ross</span> always said, “<i>My voice shall be devoted -to God and my country, and whenever the spirit moves me, I’ll sing and -shout for liberty!</i>”—and with an enthusiasm for <span class="smcap">Independence</span>, exhibiting -a spirit power, only to be equalled by absolute phrensy, she -waved her Flag aloft, and she did sing to the gallant volunteers, the</p> - - -<h3>“WAR SONG OF INDEPENDENCE.”</h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"> - <div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Come on, my hearts of temper’d steel,</div> -<div class="verse">Away! away! to arms!!</div> -<div class="verse">No foreign slaves shall give us law,</div> -<div class="verse">No British tyrants reign;</div> -<div class="verse">’Tis <span class="smcap">Independence</span> makes us free,</div> -<div class="verse">And <span class="smcap">Freedom</span> we’ll maintain.</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“A soldier is a gentleman,</div> -<div class="verse">His honor is his life,</div> -<div class="verse">And he that won’t stand by his <span class="smcap">Flag</span>,</div> -<div class="verse">Will ne’er stand by his <span class="smcap">Wife</span>.</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Then hark! to arms! to arms!! to arms!!!</div> -<div class="verse">’Tis the time that tries men’s souls!</div> -<div class="verse">The rising world shall sing of you,</div> -<div class="verse">A <span class="smcap">Thousand Years</span> to come,</div> -<div class="verse">And to your children’s children <small>TELL</small></div> -<div class="verse">The <span class="smcap">Wonders</span> you have done.</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">When to conquest you did go! did go! did go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest you did go.”</span></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p> - -<p>Many inspired songs (after the close of the war for American Independence) -were carried home by Gen. Lafayette, (the companion of -Washington,) Rochambeau, and many of the French engineers and -soldiers, on their return to France, having proved their chivalry and -united their hearts, blood, songs and arms with Americans, for the -liberties of America; and, but for the “<span class="smcap">War Song</span>” of <span class="smcap">Betsy Ross</span>, -the “Marseillaise Hymn” would not have been written by Rouget de -Lille, a French officer of engineers, in 1791. Marshal Luckner commanded -the French Revolutionary army at that time on their march -from Marseilles to Paris; that whole army became phrensied by the -words of the “<span class="smcap">War Songs</span>” of American Independence, that they -had helped to gain, and Rouget de Lille caught the inspiratory words, -“<i>And hark, away to arms! to conquest we will go!</i>” and quickly composed -the song that he entitled the “<i>Chant de Guerre de l’ Armée du -Rhin</i>,” the “War Song of the Army of the Rhine,” which the Parisians, -some years afterwards, named the “<i>Hymne des Marseillaise</i>.” Thus -the “<i>War Song of Independence</i>” became combined, in word and spirit, -in the “<i>Marseillaise Hymn</i>,” and has ever since enlivened the march -of the armies of France to conquest and played an important part in -the revolutions, not only of France, but of other Continental States.</p> - -<p>In 1870, William J. Canby, Esq., (the grandson of Mrs. John -Ross,) of Philadelphia, read before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, -a very interesting paper on the subject of the “Centennial -Anniversary of the American Flag,” in which he stated that his maternal -grandmother, “Betsy Ross,” was the first maker of the “Stars -and Stripes.” She lived in Arch street at the time, and continued in -the business of making Flags for many years.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 190px;"> -<img src="images/i-007.jpg" width="190" height="98" alt="decoration" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>MRS. BETSY ROSS,<br /> - -<small>THE AUTHOR OF THE FLAG AND SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES.</small></h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-m.jpg" width="57" height="57" alt="M" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">MISS ELIZABETH GRISCOM was born 1742, in Philadelphia, -and was married in 1762 to Mr. John Ross, a merchant -of that city. She was a strict member of The Society -of Friends, and by them always called “<span class="smcap">Betsy Ross</span>.” She was unsurpassed -in fine needlework, and well known throughout Philadelphia -and New York cities as the most artistic upholstress in America. -She used the most superior, richest and finest of imported embroidered -velvets, satins, silks and woolens, that were brought to this country -by the packet ships of Caleb and Thomas Cope, Boyd & Reed, and -John Ross, agreeably to her express orders; and she had a dozen or -more of her sisters, daughters and nieces constantly employed sewing -and finishing variegated needlework, in the very best manner, as she -directed them; and thus no other upholsterer could possibly compete -with her. She was a natural artist, an inventive genius, who fully -understood the best effects of complimentary colors, and the grandeur -of the primary colors; yet, strange as it may appear, though one of -the plainest of “<span class="smcap">Quakers</span>,” she invariably used cloths of the very -<i>brightest</i>, and in every instance the <i>primary colors combined, so as to be -distinguished from all other objects</i>, and she quickly judged and comprehended -the styles that would best please her customers. Her brilliant -draperies and tri-colored curtains, in the public halls, hotel parlors, -and drawing rooms, were greatly admired; whilst General -Washington, General Hand, Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, Jared<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> -Ingersoll, J. Koch, Gouveneur Morris, Robert Morris, Judge James -Wilson, Frederick A. Muhlenberg, Joseph Wilson, Caleb and Thomas -Cope, Thomas Wilson, Timothy Matlack, James Trimble, and William -Shippen, are some of the names on her store-books, as her generous -and kind friends and patrons, whose heirs still possess beautiful -curtains and magnificent quilts of variegated silks and satins, unsurpassed, -at this day, for beauty of utility, justness of composition, that -none but a perfect artist could produce; and the constant use of materials -of primary colors were her praise, excellence, and fame.</p> - -<p>Colonel George Ross, (a member of the Continental Congress,) and -James Trimble, (afterwards Deputy Secretary of Pennsylvania,) -were her brothers-in-law, and through their suggestions, she adorned, -with drapery, the Hall of Congress, and the Governor’s reception room. -Her upholstery in the ladies’ cabins and state rooms of Caleb and -Thomas Cope’s packet ships was unrivalled and not equalled by the -state rooms of the European packets; whilst from the topmasts of -Cope’s packets, her waving red, white, and blue <small>STREAMERS</small> made glad -the travelers of the seas, several years before the Revolution of 1776. -Some of the theatres and public halls of Philadelphia were embellished -and decorated with curtains of white, mazarine, and scarlet velvets and -silks in waves, festoons, and pendents, and in many instances the curtains -were embroidered with gold and silver figures of vines, leaves, -and <i>stars</i> that glittered with superb brilliancy, whilst the curtains were -invariably supported by a golden spread eagle, with lightning darts -in its talons and a silvery olive branch in its beak; and these were -the original and wonderful <i>handiwork</i> of Betsy Ross. She could not -think of or invent anything <i>brighter or more graceful</i> than her most -celebrated gay and glittering primary colored <i>curtains</i>, spangled with -stars and supported by a golden eagle, that already ornamented and -adorned the interior of the chief <span class="smcap">Halls</span> of the land. They were her<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -daily delight and divinely brilliant dreams by night. With her <i>scissors</i> -she cut the form of a small shield, upon which she sewed five-pointed -stars and tri-colored stripes, in imitation of General Washington’s -coat-of-arms, which embraced stars and pales upon his escutcheon; -this shield she fastened upon the eagle’s breast; and, inspired -with one bright thought, she seized her meritorious daily work, flung -it to the breeze, hung it “<small>UPON THE OUTER WALLS</small>,” and the Freemen -of Columbia cheered, and hailed it “<span class="smcap">The Flag of the Union</span>!” -And that one independent <small>FLING</small> made all the people <span class="smcap">King</span>!</p> - -<p>At the request of Dr. Franklin, Mr. Robert Morris and Col. George -Ross, she designed and made the first <span class="smcap">Flag</span> of the United States, -consisting of thirteen red and white stripes, a blue field as a square, -on the left and upper corner, and upon the blue field was a spread -eagle, with thirteen stars, in a circle of rays of glory, surrounding its -head, and the United States <span class="smcap">Seal</span> was afterwards made from the same -design of the United States Flag, viz: A red, white and blue shield -on the breast of an American Eagle, holding in its talons an olive -branch and thirteen arrows; in its beak a scroll inscribed with this -motto, “<i>E Pluribus Unum</i>,” and above its head thirteen stars arranged -in a circle of glory. These designs were approved and adopted by -the Committee and Congress, and they were made before the words -“United States of America,” were legally used. The country was -called “Columbia,” the Congress was styled the “Continental Congress,” -the States were called “Colonies,”; every petition sent to the -King of Great Britain, and every public document, were issued by -“The North American Colonies;” our Country <i>had no name</i> until -<span class="smcap">Betsy Ross</span> marked upon her Flags, “<span class="smcap">The United States of -America</span>.” Dr. Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson had -been appointed (December, 1775, by Congress, a Secret Committee) -to prepare a <span class="smcap">Flag</span>, and a device for a <span class="smcap">Seal</span> for the Colonies, and Dr.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -Rittenhouse was requested by the Committee, to engrave the Seal -corresponding with the eagle on the Flag.</p> - -<p>On the 4th day of July, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was -finished and signed, and the Rev. Dr. Duché, Chaplain of Congress, -had offered up his celebrated “<i>Prayer of Independence</i>,” the <span class="smcap">Star -Spangled Banner</span> was unfurled, and emblazoned the Hall of Independence, -and hung around the spire of the Old State House Bell, as it -sounded its tones of warning beyond the city limits, re-echoed across -the Delaware, and proclaimed the liberty of the land, amidst the thundering -shouts of Freemen, the roaring of cannons, musketry, firearms, -and bonfires; then the Secret Committee, Franklin, Jefferson -and Adams, was publicly announced by the President of Congress, -and the <span class="smcap">Seal</span> (already made) of the “<i>United Colonies</i>,” was used that -day. Aye! the Flags waved, the Seal was engraved, and the thirteen -“<span class="smcap">United States of America</span>” were saved.</p> - -<p>The Flag was afterwards adopted by Congress, June 14, 1777, and -September 15, 1789, they passed the act, that “The <span class="smcap">Seal</span> heretofore -used by the ‘<span class="smcap">United Colonies</span>’ in Congress assembled, shall be the -<span class="smcap">Seal</span> of the ‘<span class="smcap">United States</span>;’” and for his beautiful workmanship in -engraving that seal, Dr. Rittenhouse was honored with the appointment -of Director of the United States Mint; and Franklin styled Rittenhouse, -“the Newton of America.”</p> - -<p>Mrs. Ross also engaged Mr. George Barrett, (of Cherry near Third -street, Philadelphia,) an ornamental painter, and accomplished artist, -to paint upon the blue fields of one dozen silk Flags, a gilded bald-headed -spread eagle, with thirteen silvered stars encircling its head -in rays of glory, which were executed in the finest artistic style, for -the use of Congress and General Washington’s army; they were always -much admired, and daily used until worn out; and, Betsy Ross -also directed Mr. Barrett to ornament the army drums with the same<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> -design of the eagle and thirteen stars, and the letters “United States -of America,” that gave great delight and spirit to the drummers, to -such an extent that Mr. Barrett was kept busy ornamenting flags, -flagstaffs, and drums for Washington’s army. The committee of -Congress were so much pleased with the design of the eagle and thirteen -stars that they concluded to adopt and use it for the “<span class="smcap">National -Seal</span>” exclusively; but, Betsy Ross, Col. George Ross, and Lieut. -Paul Jones earnestly protested against despoiling the Flag by leaving -out and omitting the eagle, and declared that the Army might, if they -choose, have the stars only, but as for the Navy they would never give -up the <span class="smcap">Bald Eagle</span>, the conquerer of all birds, belonging only to -America; and from that day to this the bald eagle of America spreads -its wings upon the Flags of the United States Revenue vessels as the -emblem of freedom, independence, liberty, power, empire, and victory.</p> - -<p>From that time our beautiful Flag was composed of thirteen stars -and stripes. The red stripes were emblematic of fervency and zeal; -the white, of integrity and purity; the blue field with stars, of unity, -power, and glory. The number thirteen was symbolical of the thirteen -colonial states, that severed their allegiance from the sovereignty -of Great Britain, and declared, in 1776, that they were free and independent -powers.</p> - -<p>The size of the Flag of the army is six feet six inches in length, by -four feet four inches in width, with seven red and six white stripes. -The first seven stripes, (four red and three white,) bound the square -of the blue field for the stars, the stripes extending from the extremity -of the field to the end of the Flag. The eighth stripe is white, extending -partly at the base of the field.</p> - -<p>According to the act of Congress, April 4, 1818, on the admission -of every new State into the Union, a star was to be added to the galaxy -of the most brilliant Banner of earth.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> - -<p>Mrs. Betsy Ross put all her household to work in earnest, and the -“<span class="smcap">Flags</span>,” made of silk and bunting, were not only admired, but afterwards -approved and adopted by the committee of Congress. General -George Washington, Dr. Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson, -frequently visited her store, to see what progress she was making, and -were not only pleased, but expressed their astonishment at her dexterity -and judgment, and in the most flattering terms complimented -her for her remarkable skill with the <small>SCISSORS</small>, as she folded a piece -of white silk and with one cut formed the beautiful five-pointed star.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Ross, by order of the Government, continued making the army -and navy Flags of the United States for upwards of fifty-five years, -and after her death, in 1832, her daughter, Mrs. Clarissa S. Wilson -continued the business, and they became generally and widely known -as the most patriotic ladies of America. After the death of Mr. John -Ross, she was married to Mr. John Claypoole, the grandson of Sir -John Claypoole, the grandson of Oliver Cromwell, who came to Philadelphia -with William Penn. She afterwards moved from Arch near -Third street, to Second street near Dock, where she resided until her -death, at the good old age of four score years and ten.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Betsy Ross was of medium height, strong in form, but remarkably -graceful and erect; she had a handsome face, a very fair transparent -complexion, projecting eyebrows, blue sparkling eyes, and light -brown hair. She was a perfect “<span class="smcap">Friend</span>” in all her speech and movements; -possessed of the most refined sprightly intellect and polished -education; in fact she was well known throughout the whole of Philadelphia -city, as a “<i>sharp, thorough going woman</i>.” <span class="smcap">First</span> in Friends’ -Meeting, where the spirit moved her to speak and to act; <span class="smcap">First</span> amidst -the Daughters of Benevolence, furnishing clothing and lint for the -Continental troops, scattering printed patriotic songs and appeals -amongst them; and <span class="smcap">First</span> and most effective in her attentions to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> -sick. She was, in truth, what her friends styled her, “A Healing -Medium,”—but respected and esteemed by all the physicians and surgeons -of Philadelphia, as “<i>the true Friend of the sick</i>,” for when her -hand touched and bathed the burning fevered brow of the sick soldier, -he knew that he had one friend, and that friend was a true one. Whenever -she entered the sick chamber, she saturated her handkerchief with -vinegar, (that she carried in a phial in her pocket, as a precaution -against contagion,) and after wiping her forehead, lips and hands, she -quietly approached the bedside of the afflicted invalid, and placing her -hand upon his forehead, she would whisper these words, “<i>In the name -of the Lord Jesus Christ I pray that your health may be restored</i>,” and -then she would administer the medicines and restoratives as directed -by the visiting physicians; and her angelic nature, purer than that of -Jeanne Dare, was the powerful agency of health. She was the worthiest -Heroine of the Revolution.</p> - -<p>During the frightful devastation caused by the yellow fever in 1793, -Mrs. Betsy Ross was most active in alleviating the terrible miseries of -that epidemic. Moved with sorrow at the sufferings of others, she carried -not only her own life in her hands, but medicines to relieve the -sick and dying. Day and night she ceased not; whilst her angelic -visits were cheered with success. Her personal perfections irresistably -commanded the admiration and love of the sick and afflicted to such a -degree, that the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush, styled her the “Magical -Quakeress.” They who would not now honor, esteem, and love -the name of Betsy Ross do not deserve to enjoy the protection of the -glorious starry Flag of the Union, in the land of the free and home of -the brave, or in any land upon earth where the Flag of the Union -waves. Her biography will ornament the brightest pages of our country’s -history, and her <small>STATUE</small>, surrounded by a group of her daughters -and nieces, cutting, sewing and making the “Star Spangled Banners,”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> -must soon grace the Capitol of our nation, and the patriotic Ladies of -America will design, erect, and pay for it. Yes, the friend of Washington, -Franklin, Adams, Jefferson, Morris, Jones, Rittenhouse, Ross, -the immutable friend of Liberty, and of the soldiers of the Independence -of 1776, will forever live in the hearts of all freemen.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>JOHN PAUL JONES,<br /> - -<small>WITH THE FIRST U. S. FLAG, ESTABLISHING THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS.</small></h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-p.jpg" width="57" height="57" alt="P" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">PAUL JONES, the bravest of Naval Commanders, was born -at Selkirk, Scotland, 1730, and came to America about 1770, -to fight the battles of Liberty and Independence. He was -styled “The Washington of the Seas,” “The deadliest foe of Cowards.” -Lieutenant Paul Jones and Mrs. Elizabeth Ross, of Philadelphia, -became intimate friends and neighbors, well known as the most -zealous patriots in the cause of Independence, doing battle against -tyrants and oppressors, and Thomas Jefferson, Dr. Franklin, John -Adams, Dr. Rittenhouse and Robert Morris were their truest and -most steadfast friends and patrons. Mrs. Ross designed and made -the Flag that Lieutenant Jones hoisted upon the Flagship of War, -in the Delaware bay. During the month of December, 1775, by the -request and explicit orders of Dr. Franklin, Col. George Ross and -Robert Morris, the three members of a Secret Committee of Congress, -Lieutenant Jones was supplied with one of Mrs. Ross’ first and best -Flags, the red white and blue emblem of Liberty, for which Congress -paid. Afterward, for Jones’ brave honoring of that Flag, Congress -awarded him $25,000 and a golden medal, and he was further complimented -by an invitation to Paris, where the cross of military merit -and a sword of honor were presented to him by the King of France, -at the written request of our Congress, for his dauntless courage and -his triumphant victory as the Captain of the “<span class="smcap">Richard</span>,” with the -first Flag of the Union, over the British Flag of the “<span class="smcap">Serapis</span>.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p> - -<p>In January 1776, the following vessels were fitted out.</p> - -<p>The “<span class="smcap">Alfred</span>,” of thirty guns and three hundred men, Dudley Saltonstall, -Captain, bearing the Pine Tree Flag, presented by the colony -of Connecticut.</p> - -<p>The “<span class="smcap">Columbus</span>,” of twenty-eight guns and three hundred men, -Abraham Whipple, Captain, bearing the Flag of the Red Cross of -Saint George, presented by the Colony of Vermont.</p> - -<p>The “<span class="smcap">Andrew Doria</span>,” of eighteen guns and two hundred men, -Nicholas Biddle, Captain, bearing the Flag of the White Cross of -Saint Andrew, presented by the Philadelphians.</p> - -<p>The “<span class="smcap">Cabot</span>,” of fourteen guns and two hundred men, John W. -Hopkins, Captain, bearing the Pine Tree white silk Flag from Connecticut.</p> - -<p>The “<span class="smcap">Providence</span>,” of twelve guns, bearing the Flag with the -Cross of Saint Andrew, presented by Rhode Island.</p> - -<p>The “<span class="smcap">Hornet</span>,” of fourteen guns, bearing the yellow silk Flag of -Virginia, with Rattlesnake.</p> - -<p>The “<span class="smcap">Wasp</span>,” eight guns, bearing the yellow silk Flag of South -Carolina, with a Crescent, a Beaver and a Rattlesnake, with the motto, -“Don’t tread on me.”</p> - -<p>The Dispatch vessel “<span class="smcap">Fly</span>,” bearing a blue Flag with Red Cross -of Saint George.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">E. Hopkins</span>, was Commander-in-chief of the fleet, and <span class="smcap">John Paul -Jones</span> first lieutenant. <span class="smcap">Jones</span> was offered the command of the sloop -“<span class="smcap">Providence</span>,” which he declined, declaring that he preferred to be -“<span class="smcap">Chevalier Bannaret</span>,” to hoist and carry the bald eagle, with -glittering stars and stripes, on the flagship “<span class="smcap">Alfred</span>,” and when the -Commander-in-chief, E. Hopkins, came on board of her, January 1, -1776, Jones hoisted the American Union Flag, with his own hands, -which was the first time it was ever displayed on a man-of-war, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -waving his navy cap swiftly overhead, shouted “<span class="smcap">Three Cheers for -the Red, White and Blue! The Haughtiest of Monarchs -shall bow before that Flag!!!</span>” “Again, <span class="smcap">Three cheers for -our Commander-in-Chief and the American Navy!!!</span>” And -thus he boldly evinced his lofty and chivalrous character, bravely -assuming the responsibility, and his achievement of glorious deeds -aided in the recognition of our <span class="smcap">Independence</span>.</p> - -<p>On the 14th day of February, 1778, the United States Flag was, for -the first time, recognized in the fullest and completest manner by the -Flag of France. Lieutenant Paul Jones, on board the brig “<span class="smcap">Independence</span>,” -at the entrance of Quiberon bay, sailed through the French -fleet, commanded by Admiral La Motte Piquet, (who was keeping -the coast of France clear of British cruisers,) and our <span class="smcap">National Emblem</span> -was most courteously complimented and saluted by nine guns. -The American Flag was first carried around the world in 1789, by the -“<span class="smcap">Columbia</span>,” Captain Gray, of Boston, <small>AND SALUTED IN EVERY -PORT</small>.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>THE COLONY REBEL FLAGS.</h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-p.jpg" width="57" height="57" alt="P" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">PRIOR to July 4th, 1776, various kinds of Flags were used. -Mr. Endicott, Puritan Governor, aided in a religious crusade -against the cross of St. George; he cut the cross from -the Flag flying at Salem, and was tried for treason, but escaped on the -ground that his act was not actuated by treasonable motives, but religious -zeal.</p> - -<p>About the first of January, 1776, the immortal Washington unfurled -his Flag in compliment to the United Colonies, but it was so -nearly like the British Flag, that the Bunker Hill patriots objected to -it, because it was a blue Flag with the St. George and St. Andrew’s -crosses combined; too much like the Flag of the Britons. Nearly every -regiment had its own colony Flag. All sorts of devices, corresponding -with the variegated coats of the Continental troops, or militia, scarcely -two alike. They were styled “Colony Rebel Flags;” still, the “Colony -Rebel Flags” were all used as rallying Flags, until they were -eclipsed by the starry Flag, called “The Appeal to Heaven,”—“The -Star Spangled Banner.”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>WASHINGTON’S ORDER,<br /> - -<small>FOR “THE FLAG OF THE UNION.”</small></h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-t.jpg" width="57" height="57" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">TO General Putnam, desiring him in the most pressing terms, -to give <i>positive orders</i> to all the Colonels to have “Union -Colors” immediately completed for their respective regiments; -and Colonel Kitzema received the two first regimental silk -“stars and stripes” from the secret committee of Congress, through -General Putnam, and Colonel Curtenieus; whilst the brilliant Banner -of the Union floated from the top of Washington’s headquarters in -New York City.</p> - -<p>The real truth was, that previous to the “Declaration of Independence,” -the leaders of our armies, the Governors of the thirteen colonies, -and the Continental Congress were afraid to publicly unfurl an -<span class="smcap">Independent Union Flag</span>; even Washington’s combined crosses -were discountenanced, disapproved of, and treated with indifference; -but, the boldness of Colonel George Ross and John Ross, with the -dashing, daring seamanship of <span class="smcap">Paul Jones</span>, the firm patriotism, industry, -and energy of that devoted friend of Independence, the <span class="smcap">Immortal -Betsy Ross</span>, who forced the “Flag of Liberty” forward, as -true patriots of America, bid defiance to all Tory opposition, and -flaunted the Stars and Stripes from the highest pinnacles of our land, -the “<span class="smcap">Union Standard</span>,” that was never styled a “<span class="smcap">Rebel Flag</span>,” -or Flag of any single Colony or State, but was styled “<span class="smcap">The Appeal -to Heaven</span>,” made the cherished Flag of Independence, the triumphant -Flag of Earth!</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>THE RATTLESNAKE FLAG,<br /> - -<small>OF 1775, THAT CHARMED AND INCITED THE TROOPS OF VIRGINIA TO ACTION.</small></h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-t.jpg" width="57" height="57" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">THE Flag of Virginia was a rattlesnake with blue tongue -forked like lightning, and with thirteen rattles, looking like -a fierce Anaconda coiled, but with head and tail up, painted -on white silk, having the motto, “Don’t tread on me!” It was considered -as an emblem of wisdom, and of endless duration as a representative -of America, an animal found in no other part of the world. -The eye of this creature excels in brightness that of any other animal; -it has no eyelids and is therefore an emblem of vigilance. It never -begins an attack nor ever surrenders, it is therefore an emblem of -magnanimity and true courage. It never wounds until it has given -notice to its enemies of their danger. Its wounds, however small, are -decisive and fatal. The power of fascination attributed to it resembles -America. Those who look steadily in its eyes are delighted, and -involuntarily advance toward, and having once approached it, never -leave it.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>THE FLAG AT YORKTOWN.</h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-a.jpg" width="58" height="59" alt="A" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">AT the battle of Yorktown, October 19, 1781, the French -troops triumphantly carried our American Stars and Stripes, -with the spread eagle on the blue field, for the eagle was -their adoration, and they stormed the redoubts, led on by the chivalric -and heroic Generals Muhlenberg and Lafayette, who immediately -hoisted that Flag upon the turret of the fortifications. The instant -that Lord Cornwallis spied it, he was terror stricken. The waving of -that Flag compelled him to surrender; for that Flag was the proclamation -of Victory! and <small>IT</small> ended the war in a blaze of glory.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2><span class="smcap">The Flag with its Message.</span></h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-w.jpg" width="57" height="57" alt="W" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">WHEREVER the Flag of Betsy Ross went, it waved majestically -and above suspicion; no temptation or opposition -could deter it, for her godly prayer went with it, and upon -every Flag she forwarded, she pinned her printed message, viz: -“<span class="smcap">Every man that is against this Flag is a Traitor.</span>” Aye! -where the battle was the hottest, and amidst the hail of fire where -the bullets fell the fastest and thickest, that Flag cheered the wounded -and dying patriots to shout “<span class="smcap">Fight on! Fight on! Fight on!</span>” -And when the brave Commander Lawrence saw that the Flag on his -Frigate still waved, though wounded and dying, he cried out, in these -immortal words, “Don’t give up the ship!”</p> - -<p>On the 28th of June, 1776, the British Fleet and Army of Sir -Henry Clinton commenced their furious “Attack on Fort Moultrie,” -but, one circumstance serves to illustrate the daring, enthusiastic -courage and love for the Flag of Independence which pervaded the -American Troops. In the course of the engagement, the Flag staff -of the Fort was shot away, followed by peals of derision from the -minions of the Fleet, but Sergeant <span class="smcap">Jasper</span> leaped down upon the -beach, snatched up the Flag, fastened it to a sponge-staff, and while -the ships were incessantly directing their broadsides upon the Fort, -he mounted the merlon and deliberately replaced the Flag, shouting -“<small>IT STILL FLIES!</small>” That warrior’s shout was echoed by the Garrison, -and suddenly checked Sir Henry’s derision. The British Fleet -and Army were greatly mortified by the <i>flying Stars and Stripes</i>, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> -were terribly repulsed by the brave defence of Fort Moultrie, whilst -the whole Garrison were fiercely echoing and re-echoing the shout—“<small>IT -STILL FLIES!!</small>” The news of this undaunted intrepidity and exulting -victory spread throughout the continent, and Sergeant <span class="smcap">Jasper</span> -was honorably promoted by Congress for his unparalleled heroism. -Yes, thank God, our Flag “<small>IT STILL FLIES</small>,” and never can be conquered.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>THE CENTENNIAL FLAG.</h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-a.jpg" width="58" height="59" alt="A" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">AT the Centennial Celebration and World’s Exhibition at the -city of Philadelphia, 1876, “<span class="smcap">The Flags of all Nations</span>” -waved from the highest pinnacles, but the flashing, glittering -“<span class="smcap">Star Spangled Banner</span>” far outshone them all; like a mighty -<i>flame of Liberty</i> flying through the skies, it blazed and waved, -streamed and flew as the victorious Starry Banner of the Firmament, -proclaiming by its expanding, snapping, cracking, sharper, louder -sounds, the establishment of Freedom, Liberty, Independence, and -the Union of the World! whilst in every house its graceful folds -protected each and all in their own religious, family worship; the -household Idol of Peace that ever and anon, silently wafted every -daily prayer and song of praise, to the God of our Fathers, the true -and holy Creator of the Universe.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>PATRIOTIC SONGS.</h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-t.jpg" width="57" height="57" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">THE following are copies of some of the printed <span class="smcap">Songs</span> and -<span class="smcap">Appeals</span> that <span class="smcap">Betsy Ross</span> circulated and distributed with -her own hands in the streets of Philadelphia, and from the -front door of her Flag store and depot, to the troops on their way to -Washington’s camp:</p> - - -<h3>THE GALLANT VOLUNTEER OF 1776.</h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"> - <div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Come on, my hearts of temper’d steel,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And leave your girls and farms,</span></div> -<div class="verse">Your sports, and plays, and holidays,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And hark, away to arms!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the flag of the brave,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A soldier is a gentleman,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">His honor is his life,</span></div> -<div class="verse">And he that won’t stand by his flag,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will ne’er stand by his wife.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For love and honor are the same,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or else so ne’er ally’d,</span></div> -<div class="verse">That neither can exist alone,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">But flourish side by side.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">So fare you well sweethearts awhile,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">You smiling girls adieu,</span></div> -<div class="verse">Ye made this starry flag divine,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">We’ll kiss it out with you.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The sun is up, our banner shines,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">The hills are green and gay,</span></div> -<div class="verse">And all inviting honor calls,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Away! my boys, away!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In shady tents by cooling streams,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">With hearts all firm and free,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><i>We’ll shout the freedom of the land,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>In songs of liberty!</i></span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">No foreign slaves shall give us law,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">No British tyrants reign,</span></div> -<div class="verse">’Tis <span class="smcap">Independence</span> made us free,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And <span class="smcap">Freedom</span> we’ll maintain.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We’ll charge the foe from post to post,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Attack their works and lines,</span></div> -<div class="verse">And with the stars and stripes aloft,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">We’ll capture their Burgoynes.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And when the war is over, boys,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then down we’ll sit at ease,</span></div> -<div class="verse">Protected by the freemen’s flag,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And live just as we please.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">When from conquest we shall go! shall go! shall go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">From conquest we shall go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Each hearty lad shall take his lass,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">All beaming like a star,</span></div> -<div class="verse">And in her softer arms forget,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">The dangers of the war.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">When to conquest we did go! did go! did go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we did go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span class="smcap">The rising WORLD SHALL SING OF US,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">A THOUSAND YEARS to come,</span></span></div> -<div class="verse"><span class="smcap">And to their children’s children tell</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">The WONDERS WE have done.</span></span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">When to conquest we did go! did go! did go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we did go.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">So honest fellows here’s my hand,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">My heart, my very soul,</span></div> -<div class="verse">With all the joys of Liberty,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Good fortune and a bowl.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">And to conquest we will go! will go! will go!</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">With the red, white, and blue,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">To conquest we will go.”</span></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h3>STIRRING APPEALS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL -LIBERTY.</h3> - - -<p>“My lads, you say you are going to fight for <span class="smcap">Liberty</span>! these are -words in everybody’s mouth, but few understand their real meaning. -<span class="smcap">Liberty</span> is not a power to do what we please and have what we -desire; this may be the Liberty of a wolf or of a beast of prey, but is -not the Liberty of a man considered as a member of society. <span class="smcap">True -Liberty</span> is the being governed by laws of our own making; the inhabitants -of every country to choose persons from amongst themselves, -in whom they can confide; which persons so elected shall -make laws to bind the whole. True <span class="smcap">Constitutional Liberty</span> is -the <span class="smcap">Liberty</span> for which we are now contending, and may God in his -blessings grant this to us all.</p> - -<p>“Now, the King of England, has sent over fleets and armies to -compel us to give up this invaluable privilege into his hands; but -with the blessings of God, we will maintain it against him and all the -world, so long as we have a man left to fire a musket. Let our constant -prayer be <span class="smcap">God</span> and <span class="smcap">Liberty</span>.</p> - -<p>“Our Congress have hitherto conducted us with wisdom and integrity, -and although in some instances it may be thought they might -have managed better than they have done, yet they have piloted us -in safety through a tempestuous ocean, to the present period; and so -God save the <span class="smcap">American Congress</span>!”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h3>WASHINGTON, THE IDOL OF AMERICA.</h3> - - -<p>“My lads, I would speak a few words of the <span class="smcap">General</span> and his -<span class="smcap">Army</span>, now encamped on the banks of the Schuylkill, enduring all -the hardships of their homely situation with cheerful patience; and -what is it think you blunts the keen edge of the northern winds, and -makes content smile on the tops of frozen hills? I will tell you, it is -the love of that “<span class="smcap">Liberty</span>” I have sat before you, it is the consciousness -of the justice of our cause. I suppose when you think of -our incomparable <span class="smcap">General Washington</span>, you figure to yourselves -a stout, bulky man, of a terrible countenance, covered with gold lace, -living in a magnificent house and having a great train of attendants -around him. You are quite mistaken; he neither has nor needs any -external ornaments. Would you hang farthing candles around the -Sun to increase his lustre? His glory will admit of no addition. -Your <span class="smcap">General</span> is a plain man, plain in his dress and frugal at his -board; yet a native dignity will command your respect, and the affability -of his manners win your love. He is brave without ostentation; -magnificent without pomp; and accomplished without pride. -He is an honor to the human race and the Idol of America. And so -God save <span class="smcap">General Washington</span> and his <span class="smcap">Army</span>.”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2><span class="smcap">The Immortal Francis S. Key.</span></h2> - - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop-o.jpg" width="58" height="56" alt="O" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capi">ON the night of September 15, 1814, whilst the British fleet, -under the command of the English Admiral Cochrane, were -bombarding Fort M’Henry, at the city of Baltimore, <span class="smcap">Francis -S. Key</span>, was divinely inspired with the sublime sight of the glorious -Banner of the Union still waving over the Fort, and a thousand -times reflected, multiplying and increasing in splendor, in every stream -of fire throughout the skies, every glare meeting every leaping wave -of the billowy Chesapeake Bay, the heavens and waters together -joined, each wave glaring with new admired light; but, when the Fort -resisted all the efforts of the British ships-of-war, and forced the Admiral -to retire, amidst the joyous exultation, the great shouts of the -countless hosts of freemen, “<i>Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed -gloriously!</i>” “<i>The Flag of the Union still triumphs!</i>” Who? Oh! -Who can imagine the feelings of Francis S. Key, as o’er his head the -flying bombs sang terribly, spent their force in air, and roused all the -internal powers of his poetic spirit, his inspired soul to sing still -louder?</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> - <div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">“Oh! say can you see by the dawn’s early light,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last gleaming;</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whose broad stripes and bright stars thro’ the perilous fight,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">O’er the ramparts we watch’d were so gallantly streaming?</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the rockets red glare, and bombs bursting in air,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gave proof thro’ the night that our Flag was still there.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oh! say does that star spangled banner yet wave,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span class="smcap">Chorus</span>—Oh! say, does the star spangled banner yet wave,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 4em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">On the shore dimly seen thro’ the midst of the deep,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Where the foe’s haughty host in dread silence reposes;</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">In full glory reflected now shines in the stream;</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">’Tis the star spangled banner, oh! long may it wave,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span class="smcap">Chorus</span>—Oh! say, does the star spangled banner yet wave,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 4em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And where is that band who so vauntingly swore,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">’Mid the havoc of war and the battle’s confusion,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">A home and a country they’d leave us no more?</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Their blood has wash’d out their foul footsteps’ pollution.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">No refuge could save the hireling and slave,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave;</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the star spangled banner in triumph doth wave,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span class="smcap">Chorus</span>—Oh! say, does the star spangled banner yet wave,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 4em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oh! thus be it ever when freemen shall stand,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Between their loved home and the war’s desolation;</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Blest with victory and peace, may the heaven rescued land,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Praise the Power that made and preserved us a nation.</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And this be our motto, “<span class="smcap">In God is our trust</span>;”</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave,</span></div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.</span></div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><span class="smcap">Chorus</span>—And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave,</div> -<div class="verse"><span style="margin-left: 4em;">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.”</span></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - - -<div class="tnote"><b>Transcriber’s Note:</b> Obvious punctuation errors repaired.</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of the First United States -Flag, by J. 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